B 50163 1 1 1 John Hodgkinson PROPOSITI TENA CHARLES SAVILE ROUNDELL. : { 1 सगळ •HO, DA 670 .596 382 THE HISTORY OF SURREY: BY EDW. WEDLAKE BRAYLEY, F.S.A., &c. ASSISTED BY JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A., &c. and E. W. BRAYLEY, JUN., F.L.S. & F. G. S. The Geological Section BY GIDEON MANTELL, LL.D. F.R.S., &c. The Ellustrative Department UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF THOMAS ALLOM, M.I.B.A. VOL I.-PART II. 1 DORKING: ROBERT BEST EDE. LONDON: TILT and BOGUE, FLEET STREET. MDCCCXLI. i R. B. EDE, PRINTER, DORKING. hit LIST OF ENGRAVINGS IN VOL I. PART II. 1. 2. ORNAMENTAL TITLE PAGE. REIGATE CHURCH, CHANCEL END. 3. WAVERLEY ABBEY (Presentation Plate). 4. 5. COMPTON CHURCH. EXTERIOR OF EPSOM CHURCH. 6. INTERIOR OF ditto. 7. INITIAL LETTERS AT (in Wood). 8 INITIAL LETTER G, ENCLOSING THE TOWN SEAL OF GUILDFORD (in Wood). 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. WOTTON HOUSE (Presentation Plate). BURFORD LODGE, NEAR BOX HILL (Presentation Plate). CORPORATION SEAL OF GUILDFORD (in Wood). KEEP TOWER OF GUILDFORD CASTLE (in Wood). PLAN OF DITTO, INTERIOR; PRINCIPAL STORY (in Wood). CHALK HOLES NEAR THE CASTLE (in Wood). EASTWICK (Presentation Plate). 16. VIEW OF THE SWALLOWS NEAR BURFORD BRIDGE. 17. ANCIENT DINING ROOM, SHALFORD HOUSE (Presentation Plate). 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. S BIRTHPLACE OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT (in Wood). NINE SUBJECTS IN FRESCOE IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD. GROUND PLAN OF ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD (in Wood). KINGSWOOD WARREN (Presentation Plate). CHAPEL OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. HALL of ditto. 24. NORMAN DOORWAY AT ASH (in Wood). 25. 26. 27. THE COURT-HOUSE AT PIRBRIGHT (in Wood). WINDLESHAM CHURCH (Presentation Plate). LYNE; NEWDIGATE IN THE WEALD (Presentation Plate). 28. GROUND PLAN OF WINDLESHAM CHURCH (in Wood) 29. WINDLESHAM RECTORY (in Wood). Ample Directions will be given to the Binder for placing the Plates in each Volume The Map of the River Mole with a Plan and View of the Swallows, referred to in the Letter-press of the previous Half Volume is in a forward state and will be completed with- out delay; also, the Bird's-eye View of Guildford, and the With-drawing Room at Loseley referred to in the present Half Volume are in a state of preparation. ALLEGED INSTITUTION OF COUNTIES. 241 HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE ORIGIN OF COUNTIES, AND OTHER TERRI- TORIAL SUB-DIVISIONS.-HUNDREDS AND MANORS OF SURREY, FROM THE DOMESDAY BOOK.-PARISHES OF SURREY. what period Surrey was constituted a distinct COUNTY is uncertain; and it is equally unknown at what time, or by whom, the county was subdivided in- to Hundreds. In- gulphus, indeed, a monk of Croyland, whose authority has obtained much credence, says that King Alfred, (usually and deservedly styled Alfred the Great,) first divided England into Counties, because the natives committed outrages like the Danes, and under pretence of acting against them. He subdivided the counties into Hundreds and Tythings, ordaining that every man in the kingdom should live within some hundred and tything. He also divided the governors (præfects) of the provinces, before called lieutenants, (viscounts) into two departments, judges, now called justices, and sheriffs (viscounts) who still retain their name; and by their care and diligence, the kingdom enjoyed such perfect peace in a short time, that if a traveller left any sum of money in the fields or high roads at night, he would find it whole and untouched next morning, or even a month after." William of Malmesbury has given a similar account of the territorial and judicial arrangements of Alfred; and says-by these means he restored peace to the kingdom, so that he caused golden bracelets to be hung up in the crossings of the public roads, which mocked the rapacity of passengers, none daring to take them away." Camden seems to adopt the statement of Ingulphus, as to the institution of counties and their subdivisions by Alfred; and Mr. Sharon Turner says this sovereign is represented ¹ Ingulph. Hist. inter Script. post Bedam. 1 2 G. Malmesb. de Gest. Reg. Ang. L. 1. Vide etiam J. Bromton. Chron. inter Script. col. 818. VOL. I. II 242 HISTORY OF SURREY. as having changed "the ancient provincial divisions of England into counties;" and distributed "these into hundreds, which were again. subdivided into tenths or tithings." The claims of Alfred to be regarded as the founder of these institutions has, however, been questioned by Dr. Lingard, and utterly repudiated by Sir Francis Palgrave. The former observes, that "there is reason to doubt much, if not the whole of Ingulph's statement. Alfred might improve, but he certainly could not invent a system which existed some centuries before his reign." And the latter historian asserts, that "Alfred did not make any alteration whatever in the laws and usages of his realms;" and he represents the ascription to Alfred of the division of England into shires and hundreds, trial by jury, and frank-pledge, or the mutual responsibility of the inhabitants of each tithing, as so many popular errors, wholly destitute of foundation." That Alfred divided the whole kingdom into counties is quite im- probable, notwithstanding the assertions of Ingulphus and William of Malmesbury, whose testimony, indeed, is invalidated by the extravagant accounts they give of the effects of Alfred's alleged institutions. The silence of Asser, the contemporary biographer of Alfred, as to his making any new territorial divisions of the kingdom, affords a pre- sumptive proof, also, that the distribution of the country into shires, hundreds, and tithings, did not take place under his administration. Several of the counties were known by Saxon names, corresponding with those they now bear, during the continuance of what is termed, the Saxon heptarchy,—as Kent (Cantwara), Essex (East-seaxna), Sussex (Suth-seaxna), and Surrey (Suth-regiona, or Sudergiona). The division of shires, as Lingard observes, was common to all the northern nations. The vast inequality of extent of the different counties, and the inattention to the natural boundaries between those that are adjoining, as between Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, between Surrey and Kent, and between Surrey and Sussex, indicate that many of these districts must have been formed, not in the course of any regular distribution and demarcation of the land throughout England at one time, but must have originated at different periods, and under different circumstances. Most of the English counties, apparently, were derived from territorial divisions among the early Saxon, Anglian, and other conquerors and colonists, whose chiefs founded kingdoms and principalities, the larger of which were afterwards divided into 3 HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, p. 327. The same theory, also, has been adopted by Manning, (SURREY, vol. i. p. xliv.) and many other writers. 1 HISTORY OF ENGLAND, Chap. vii. 12mo. edit. vol. i. p. 334. 5 HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, p. 189. HUNDREDS AND TITHINGS. 243 provinces, and the smaller sometimes united; and after this manner, it may be reasonably concluded that most, if not nearly all, the English counties had been constituted previously to the accession of Alfred to the throne. As the kingdom was certainly not parcelled out into counties according to any comprehensive scheme of arrangement, so neither were the counties first divided and subdivided into hundreds and tithings, apparently, according to any general plan. From the infor- mation furnished by Tacitus, we learn that the ancient Germans divided the country they inhabited into pagi; that each pagus fur- nished a band of one hundred combatants for battle, and that each band was termed "the hundred of the pagus" by which it was fur- nished." "Whether," says Lingard, "in the establishment of hundreds the Saxons followed this or any other particular rule is uncertain." It would be useless to propose conjectures as to the origin of the territorial divisions cailed hundreds among the Anglo-Saxons; but that such divisions had been made partially, if not generally in the lands they held in this country before the time of Alfred is, at least, highly probable. The institution of tithings, and the regulation by which all persons were obliged to become members of these tithings respectively, and each to be, to a certain extent, responsible for the good behavour of others, were introduced among the Saxons, according to Ingulphus, by King Alfred; but tithings, together with the system of frank-pledge, were no more invented by that prince than the dis- tribution of the country into counties and hundreds." There must have been always an extreme irregularity as to the number of hundreds in each shire respectively, but that the number of tithings in each hundred was the same originally seems highly probable. The chronicler Bromton says, that the hundred contained ten vills, or townships; and these, apparently, corresponded with so many tithings. Whitaker maintains, that ten of these townships formed a tithing or manor, and ten manors a hundred. This opinion seems inconsistent with the statement of Bromton, unless it be supposed 8 Hallam, MIDDLE AGES, vol. ii. 6 GERMAN. c. vi. See Valpy's edit. of TACITUS, vol. vii. p. 3258. 7 See Millar, HIST. VIEW OF THE ENG. Gov., vol. i. Sir F. Palgrave, ENG. COMMONWEALTH, vol. i. part 1. 8 HISTORY OF MANCHESTER, vol. ii. pp. 113–120. Manchester, The tithing, hundred, and county, says Whitaker, "constituted a part of that original policy which the Saxons brought with them from Germany, and two of them appear existing in Britain, and all three in France, even some ages before the reign of Alfred. The tything and shire are both mentioned in the laws of the West-Saxons, before the close of the seventh century, and during the reign of Ina;—and the tything, the shire, and the hundred are noticed in the capitularies of the Franks, before the year 630 and the reign of Dagobert."-Id. p. 113. II 2 244 HISTORY OF SURREY. that the vill [villa] was equivalent to a manor instead of a township. In the Domesday Book, the number of the manors in several hundreds respectively is as variable as the number of hundreds in different counties. It is possible, however, that in the time of Alfred, or earlier, the tithings and manors were equivalent; ten Saxon manors, or tithings, constituting a hundred. Thus, though every hundred would contain the same number of manors, there would be the same diversity of extent in different hundreds as there is at present. It must be admitted, however, that in process of time, and from various causes, so many of the Saxon manors had been divided, and thus multiplied, previously to the compilation of the Domesday Book, that in general the number of manors stated to be contained in a hundred is greater than the supposed original number; and on the other hand, there are some hundreds described in that record as con- sisting of less than ten manors, in consequence of the union of two or more Saxon manors. Although the division and distribution of the country into hun- dreds and tithings had generally taken place in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and provinces previously to his own reign, it is still very possible, that Alfred may have extended or modified those local arrangements, and enforced the system of frank-pledge, throughout those parts of England over which his authority and influence ex- tended, and especially in his hereditary dominions, namely, Wessex, Kent, and Sussex; and hence Ingulphus may have been led to ascribe to him the origin of political usages which he only revived and established where they had fallen into partial neglect, in consequence of that disorganization of society which had followed the invasions and ravages of the piratical Danes. The topographical distribution of the kingdom into counties or shires, hundreds, and tithings, whether instituted or only revived by King Alfred, served as the foundation for a national system of judi- cature; by means of which, order in civil society was maintained. Over each of the counties, and their subdivisions, the respective magistrates presided. Under the Saxon kings, the shires were governed by Ealdormen; the hundreds, by Hundredors [centenarii]; and the tithings, by Tithingmen [decani]. Under the Norman kings, and in more recent times, the functions and jurisdiction of these officers have, to a certain extent, belonged to earls, sheriffs, and lord- lieutenants; to lords of hundreds; and to lords of manors, with their stewards and bailiffs. The lowest species of jurisdiction among the Anglo-Saxons was that of Sac and Soc, words, which frequently occur in monastic and mu- HALL MOTES; AND HUNDRED COURTS. 245 nicipal charters. They imply the right to hold pleas, and impose fines for offences, within a certain district termed a soke [soca]: and this authority, after the Norman Conquest, devolved on the lords of manors; but the privilege was modified by the terms of the grants under which manors were held, and likewise by immemorial usage. Some lords could take cognizance of all crimes committed within their soke or liberty; while others were restricted to jurisdiction in particular cases only. From the place where these courts were commonly held, the manorial hall, they obtained the appellation of Hall-motes. Still higher in authority, and of more extensive jurisdiction, were the Hundred courts. These were held before the Hundredor, called by Ranulph of Chester and other writers, the Lord of the Hundred, who was assisted by a jury, or bench of assessors, consisting of "twelve good men and true"; before whom were brought for trial all causes, civil or criminal, which were too important to be tried in the court of the tithing, but not of so much magnitude as to render an appeal to the County court requisite. By the juries, or "men of the hundred," as they are styled, those inquisitions into the state of landed property were made, the results of which are recorded in the Domesday Book. This court was held once a month, or oftener, if circumstances required; seven days' previous notice being given. Henry the Third is said to have commanded that Hundred courts should be held every three weeks. Before the Norman Conquest, ecclesiastical as well as civil causes were tried in the Hundred courts, the bishop or his archdeacon sitting with the Lord of the hundred, but William the First abolished that practice,—which, however, was sometimes revived under his suc- cessors, till the separation between the civil and ecclesiastical courts. was finally established by a charter of Richard the Second, in the second year of his reign. The dismissal of the clergy from attendance at the Hundred courts, by King William, lessened their authority and importance; and in the fourteenth of Edward the Third, when the hundreds which had been severed from the counties in which they were situated (by being "let to ferm") were reunited to them, the separate jurisdiction of the Hundred courts was abolished; and the civil affairs relating to hundreds were thenceforward transacted in the county courts; as the criminal were at the Sheriff's tourn.' As the tithings and hundreds had their respective presiding officers, so likewise had the shires or counties; for the government of which 9 Hence, Blackstone has denominated the Sheriff's Tourn as the Great Court Leet of the County, as the County Court is the Court Baron. Vide COMMENTARIES, b. iv. c. 19. 246 HISTORY OF SURREY. were appointed Sheriffs, anciently elected by the freeholders of the several counties, and in after-times nominated by the king. The Sheriffs hold two courts, for the administration of justice, in the counties over which they respectively preside; namely, the County court, which takes cognizance of civil offences; and the Sheriff's tourn, for criminal causes. Pleas of debt or damage below the sum of forty shillings may be prosecuted in the County court; and likewise, many real actions; and all personal actions, to any amount, may be brought within the jurisdiction of this court, by means of a Writ of Justices directed to the sheriff. It is held from month to month, before the assembled freeholders of the county, who are the proper judges, the office of the sheriff being ministerial. Acts of Parliament were formerly published in the County court, at the end of each session; outlawries are proclaimed in it; and elections, by the freeholders, of coroners, and other county officers, take place here. Elections of knights of the shire are, also, made in this court; but since the passing of the Reform Bill, in 1832, the votes are taken at convenient polling places in each district. Since actions in the County courts have become transferrable to the Queen's superior courts, the business of the former, like that of the hundred courts, has declined. The place where the sessions of this court are held is termed the County Town, in some counties, as Surrey, designated for the purpose, by a royal charter; and in others, as Sussex, by an Act of Parliament. The Sheriff's Tourn, or criminal court, corresponds as to the nature of its jurisdiction with courts-leet. It was named the Tourn because it was held in turn, or rotation, in one hundred of the county after another. Mr. Hallam supposes that civil and criminal causes were anciently tried in the same court. He says" In this assembly, held monthly, or at least more than once in the year, (for there seems some ambiguity, or perhaps fluctuation as to this point,) by the Bishop and the Earl, or in his absence, the Sheriff, the oath of allegiance was administered to all freemen, breaches of the peace were inquired into, crimes were investigated, and claims were determined. I assign all these functions to the county court, upon the supposition that no other subsisted during the Saxon times, and that the separation of the Sheriff's Tourn, for criminal jurisdiction, had not yet taken place, which, however, I cannot pretend to determine." 10 By the statute of Marlborough, (52 Henry III. chap. 10,) all peers, prelates, and religious persons, were discharged from attendance on 10 HISTORY OF EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES; 4to.; vol. ii. p. 140. SHERIFFS; AND LORD-LIEUTENANTS. 247 the County courts; and their absence necessarily impaired the authority, and ultimately occasioned, to a great extent, the disuse of both the criminal and civil courts. The granting of courts-leet to the lords of hundreds, and lords of manors, by royal charter, with other causes, also contributed to the desertion of the Sheriff's tourn, till at length such courts were held chiefly for the purpose of choosing constables, and other petty officers." From an early period to the reign of Charles the First, the counties of Surrey and Sussex were sometimes under the jurisdiction of the same sheriffs, during several consecutive years; and at other times, had separate sheriffs; but since 1638, (12 Charles I.) sheriffs have been appointed independently for each county. Among the officers who have a considerable share in the govern- ment of counties are the Lord-lieutenants. The important office of Lord-lieutenant was instituted in the third year of the reign of Edward the Sixth, when the country was disturbed by insurrections, in several counties, of the partizans of the old religion, who were dissatisfied with the alterations that had been made in the national church establishment. The functions of this officer at first appear to have included civil and judicial, as well as military duties. In the earliest commissions, the Lord-lieutenants are styled the King's Justices, as well as lieutenants; and they were authorized to inquire concerning all treasons, &c. Their commissions were renewed annually." The Lord-lieutenants are now the chief military officers of their respective counties; and are the commanders of the regiments of militia belong- ing to them. In each county there is, likewise, an officer called Custos Rotulorum, the Keeper of the rolls or records of the sessions of the peace; in whom is vested the chief authority in civil affairs. He must be a Justice of the Quorum; and ought, says Lambarde, to be a man, for the most part, 'especially picked out, either for wisdom, countenance, or credit.' The nomination of the Custos Rotulorum is by the king's sign manual; and to him appertains the nomination of the Clerk of the Peace; whose office he is equally prohibited from 'selling for money. 914 ¹¹ Mr. Manning has cited presentments at the Sheriff's Tourn for the Hundred of Copthorne and Effingham, held in 1704 and 1707 on which occasions, "no business appears to have been done except the choice of officers, and the collection of rents of Assize, which paid the Sheriff for his trouble."—SURREY, vol. i. Introd. p. xxix. 12 Strype, ECCLES. MEMOR.; quoted by Coleridge, in his Notes on Blackstone's Com- mentaries, vol. i. p. 412. 13 IRENARCHA. Book 4, ch. 3. 14 Blackstone, COMMENTARIES, vol. iii. p. 272. 248 HISTORY OF SURREY. There are in the county of Surrey fourteen Hundreds; the de- nominations of which, as they appear in the Domesday Book, in the County Book, and in modern Maps, are as follow:- Domesday Book. 1. LAND OF THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. 2. GODELMINGE.. 3. BLACHEATFELD, BLACHEDFELD. 4. WOCHINGES. 5. GODLEI.. 6. AMELEBRIGE. 7. COPEDORne. 8. FINGEHAM. 9. WODETON.. County Book. FERNHAM.. GODELMINGE. Maps. FARNHAM.15 GODALMING. BLACKHEATH.. BLACKHEATH. WOKING.. ... WOKING. GODLEY.. ....CHERTSEY. EMLEY-BRIDGE 16. EMLEY-BRIDGE. COPTHORN........ COPTHORNE. EFFINGHAM. EFFINGHAM. WOTTON.. DORKING. • 10. CHIRCHFELDE. • 11. TENRIGE.. 12. WALETON. 13. CHINGESTUN.. 14. BRIXISTAN.. REYGATE.. TANRIGE... WALLINGTON KINGSTON.. REYGATE. TANDRIDGE. CROYDON. KINGSTON. .... BRIXTON. BRIXTON.. Blackheath hundred was anciently called Blac-heat-feld, Blac-heð-. feld, or Blachefeld. Mr. Manning says, "by some unaccountable confusion that hath crept into our surveys, it hath acquired also the name of Wotton hundred." The following manors, or lordships, were reckoned in this hundred at the time of the Domesday survey:- 1. BREMLEI. . . . .. . 2. CELEORDE. 3. ELDEBERIE.. 4. ESSIRA.. 5. GOMESELLE. 6. SCALDEFOR. Bramley. Chilworth. Albury. Shire, or Shere. Gomeshall, or Gumshall. Shalford. This hundred is now arranged into two portions. The first division contains the parishes of (1) Alford, anciently included in the manor of Scaldefor; (2) Bramley; (3) Dunsfold, an- ciently comprehended in Bramley; (4) Hascomb, anciently part of Bramley; (5) St. Martha, or Martyr's-hill, called also Chilworth, but erroneously," including the manor of Titing (Tetinges, anciently reckoned in the hundred of Woking); (6) Shalford; (7) Wonersh, anciently part of Bramley. The second division includes the parishes of (1) Albury; (2) Cran- 15 Farnham Hundred is not mentioned in the Domesday Book; but the Land of the Bishop of Winchester, as therein designated, corresponds with the present hundred of Farnham. 15 Elmbridge. So called in the Population Returns. 17 In the return made under the Population Act, in 1831, "St. Martha, or Chilworth, is stated to be altogether extra-parochial, and extra-judicial."-See ABSTRACT, vol. ii. p. 630, note a. HUNDRED OF BRIXTON, 249 i ley, anciently included in Essira; (3) Ewhurst, included in the ancient manor of Gomeselle, and now including a portion of that manor; (4) Shere, or Shire, comprehending the greater portion of Gomeselle. Brixton hundred is supposed to have obtained its more ancient appellation of Brixistan from Brixi, an Anglo-Saxon landowner, who erected a stone pillar as one of the boundary marks of a manor in Lambeth, which belonged to the Abbey of Waltham in 1062. In the old maps of Norden, Speed, and Sellers, this is styled Allington hundred; but Senex, Bowen, and later chorographers, give it the name of Brixton. In the Domesday Book the following manors occur in this hundred: 1. Belgeham..... 2. BERMUNDESYE.. 3. BERNE.. 4. CAMBREWELLE. 5. CHENINTUNE. 6. CLOPEHAM.. 7. ESTREHAM. 8. HACHEHAM. 9. LANCHEI.. 10. MERETON.. 11. MORTELAGE. 12. PATRICESY.. 13. PECHEHAM. 14. SUDWERCHE. 15. TOTINGES.. 16. WALEORDE. • • • 17. WENDELESORDE. • • Balham. Bermondsey. Barnes. Camberwell. Kennington. Clapham. Streatham. Hatcham. Lambeth. Merton. Mortlake. Battersea. Peckham. Southwark. Tooting. Walworth. Wandsworth. The hundred of Brixton now consists of two divisions,-the Eastern, and the Western; the former contains the following parishes: (1) Battersea, chiefly in the Western division, but the hamlet of Penge, belonging to that parish, is in the Eastern division; (2) Ber- mondsey; (3) Camberwell, including the district church of St. George, the hamlets of Dulwich and Peckham, and a part of Nor- wood; (4) Christchurch, most of which, however, is within the borough of Southwark; (5) Clapham; (6) Deptford, part of the parish of St. Paul, consisting of the manor of Hatcham; the principal part of this parish, including the town of Deptford, is in the county of Kent: (7) Lambeth, comprehending the districts attached to the new churches of St. John, Waterloo-road,—St. Mark, Kennington,— St. Matthew, Brixton,-St. Luke, Norwood,-St. Mary,—and the Holy Trinity. Lambeth Palace and its precincts are extra-parochial. (8) Newington Butts, or St. Mary Newington, anciently included in the manor of Walworth, and now taking in the hamlet of Walworth. VOL. I. KK HUNDRED OF BRIXTON, 249 ley, anciently included in Essira; (3) Ewhurst, included in the ancient manor of Gomeselle, and now including a portion of that manor ; (4) Shere, or Shire, comprehending the greater portion of Gomeselle. Brixton hundred is supposed to have obtained its more ancient appellation of Brixistan from Brixi, an Anglo-Saxon landowner, who erected a stone pillar as one of the boundary marks of a manor in Lambeth, which belonged to the Abbey of Waltham in 1062. In the old maps of Norden, Speed, and Sellers, this is styled Allington hundred; but Senex, Bowen, and later chorographers, give it the name of Brixton. In the Domesday Book the following manors occur in this hundred: 1. BELGEHAM.. • 2. BERMUNDESYE. 3. BERNE... 4. CAMBREWELLE. 5. CHENINTUNE. 6. CLOPEHAM. 7. ESTREHAM. • • • Balham. Bermondsey. Barnes. Camberwell. Kennington. Clapham. Streatham. Hatcham. Lambeth. • 8. HACHEHAM. 9. LANCHEI.. 10. MERETON.. 11. MORTELAGE.. 12. PATRICESY.. 13. PECHEHAM. 14. SUDWERCHE. 15. TOTINGES. 16. WALEORDE. Merton. Mortlake. Battersea. Peckham. Southwark. Tooting. • 17. WENDELESORDE. • Walworth. Wandsworth. The hundred of Brixton now consists of two divisions,-the Eastern, and the Western; the former contains the following parishes : (1) Battersea, chiefly in the Western division, but the hamlet of Penge, belonging to that parish, is in the Eastern division; (2) Ber- mondsey; (3) Camberwell, including the district church of St. George, the hamlets of Dulwich and Peckham, and a part of Nor- wood; (4) Christchurch, most of which, however, is within the borough of Southwark; (5) Clapham; (6) Deptford, part of the parish of St. Paul, consisting of the manor of Hatcham; the principal part of this parish, including the town of Deptford, is in the county of Kent: (7) Lambeth, comprehending the districts attached to the new churches of St. John, Waterloo-road,-St. Mark, Kennington,— St. Matthew, Brixton,-St. Luke, Norwood,-St. Mary,—and the Holy Trinity. Lambeth Palace and its precincts are extra-parochial. (8) Newington Butts, or St. Mary Newington, anciently included in the manor of Walworth, and now taking in the hamlet of Walworth. VOL. I. KK 250 HISTORY OF SURREY. (9) Rotherhithe, anciently a portion of Bermondsey, including the new district churches of the Holy Trinity, Christchurch, and All- Saints. (10) Streatham, including the manor of Balham. The following parishes are in the Western division:-(1) Barnes; (2) Battersea, except the hamlet of Penge; (3) Merton; (4) Mortlake, including East Shene; (5) Putney, with the hamlet of Roehampton, anciently included in Mortlake; (6) Tooting-Graveney; (7) Wands- worth; (8) Wimbledon, anciently a portion of the manor of Mortlake. The Borough of Southwark, anciently reckoned in the hundred of Brixton, is now under a separate jurisdiction: it consists of the parishes of St. Saviour, with the Clink Liberty, and the new district of St. Peter;-St. Olave, a part of which extends into the jurisdiction of the City of London ;-St. Thomas;-St. John, Horsley-down;- St. George--and part of Christchurch, which parish consists of the manor of Paris-Garden, formerly in the parish of St. Saviour. Copthorne hundred, anciently named Copede-dorne, (supposed to have derived its designation from some remarkable thorn growing on the top of an eminence, the old word Copp signifying the head or summit of a hill,) comprised the following manors, at the time of the Norman survey :— 1. BERGE.. 2. CODINTONE.. 3. ETWELLE. 4. EVESHAM. 5. FECEHAM.. 6. HALLEGA.. • 7. MICHELHAM. 8. PACHESHAM. 9. STEDE.. • 10. TADEOrde. • 11. TADORNE.. 12. TORNECRAFTA. 13. WALETONE.. • Borough. Codington, or Cuddington. Ewell. Epsom. Fetcham. Headley. Mickleham. Leatherhead. Ashtead. North Tadworth. South Tadworth. Thorncroft. Walton-on-the-Hill. There are now two divisions of this hundred. In the first division are these parishes: (1) Banstead, assigned to Waleton (Wallington) hundred; but it includes Borough, and North and South Tadworth in this hundred; (2) Epsom; (3) Ewell, partly in Reigate hundred, including the new district church of St. Andrew; (4) Walton-on-the-Hill. In the second division are, (1) Ashtead; (2) Chessington; (3) Cud- dington; (4) Fetcham; (5) Headley; (6) Leatherhead; (7) Mickle- ham; (8) Newdigate, partly in Reigate hundred. Effingham, or, as it is styled in the Domesday Book, Fingeham, is mentioned in that record as a distinct hundred; but it seems, at one HUNDREDS OF ELMBRIDGE AND FARNHAM. 251 period, to have been considered as forming an entire hundred in conjunction with Copthorne, and is so distinguished in modern maps; and hence, perhaps, it has sometimes been called the half-hundred of Effingham. It anciently contained the following manors :- 1. BOCHEHAM. 2. BOCHEHAM.. 3. DRITEHAM.. 4. EPINGEHAM • • 5. PECHINGeorde. Great Bookham. Little Bookham. Effingham. This hundred is now divided into three parishes, viz.: (1) Great Bookham; (2) Little Bookham; (3) Effingham. Elmbridge, or more properly Emley-bridge hundred, is called in the Domesday Book, Amele-brige; the name being, probably, derived from some bridge over the river Mole, which was anciently termed the Emlyn, or Emley. It comprised the following manors :— 1. AISSELA 2. COVENHAM. 3. EBSA.. 4. MOLESHAM. 5. STOCHE. 6. WALETON. 7. WEBRUGE. 8. WESTON.. • • • • Esher. Cobham. Abs-court, or Apse Court. East and West Moulsey. Stoke d' Abernon. Walton-upon-Thames. Weybridge. Weston. The hundred of Elmbridge is now divided into two portions:- The first division contains these parishes: (1) East Moulsey, or Molesey; (2) West Moulsey, or Molesey; (3) Walton-upon-Thames, which includes the manor of Abs-court; (4) Weybridge. In the second division are, (1) Cobham; (2) Thames Ditton, partly in the hundred of Kingston; the portion of this parish in the hundred of Elmbridge consists of the hamlets of Ember and Weston; (3) Esher, partly in Kingston hundred; (4) Stoke d' Abernon, including the hamlet of Oakshot. Farnham hundred is co-extensive with the district described in the Domesday Book as "The Land of the Bishop of Winchester," con- stituting the extensive manor of Ferneham [Farnham], a part of which is in the adjoining county of Southampton. This hundred now contains the following parishes: (1) Elstead; (2) Farnham, comprising the several hamlets and tithings of Badshot with Runfold, Runwick, Culverlands and Tilford, Wrecklesham and Bourn, and Farnham town; (3) Frensham, containing the tithings of Frensham, and Chart and Pitfold; (4) Seale, or Sele, with the hamlet. of Tongham. The extra-parochial district, or ville, of Waverley is also in this hundred. KK 2 252 HISTORY OF SURREY. Godalming hundred, styled in the Domesday Book, "Godelminge," contained the following manors:- 1. CONTONE.. 2. FERNCOME.. 3. GODELMINGE. 4. HAMELEDONE. 5. HORMERA. 6. LITELTONE. .. 7. LOSELÉ..... 8. PIPERHERGE.. 9. REDESSHOLAM. 10. TIWESLÉ.. 11. WITLEI.... • Compton. Ferncomb. Godalming. Hambledon. Hertmere. Littleton. Loseley. Peperharrow. Roddeshall. Tewesley. Witley. 18 Parishes in the first division: (1) Compton; (2) Godalming;' (3) Hambledon; (4) Peperharow; (5) Puttenham. The tithing of Artington," in the parish of St. Nicholas, Guildford, is also in the first division of this hundred. Parishes in the second division: (1) Chidingfold; (2) Haslemere ; (3) Thursley;20 (4) Witley. Godley hundred was anciently called Godlei, signifying God's ley or land, the greater part of this district having been church-land, belonging to the Abbey of Chertsey: hence it also obtained the appellation of Chertsey Hundred, by which it is still popularly desig- nated. The following are the manors contained in this hundred mentioned in the Domesday Book:- 1. BIFLET.... 2. CEBEHAM. 3. CERTESYG. 4. EGEHAM. 5. PELIFORDE. 6. TORP.. Byflete. Chobham. • Chertsey. Egham. .. Pirford. Thorpe. The two divisions of this hundred contain the following parishes. First division: (1) Ash, the chapelry of Frimley,—the remaining part of this parish is in the hundred of Woking; (2) Bisley, anciently included in the manor of Biflet; (3) Byflete, or Byfleet; (4) Chob- ham; (5) Horsell, or Horshill, formerly included in the manor of Pirford; (6) Pyrford, Pirford, or Purford. In the second division: (1) Chertsey; (2) Egham; (3) Thorpe. 18 The ancient manors of Ferncome, Hormera, and Tiweslé, are now comprehended in Godalming; and Chidingfold was formerly a part of the same manor. 19 The tithing of Artington, or Ertingdon, which was anciently a portion of the manor of Godalming, now includes Littleton and Loseley, distinct manors at the time of the Domesday survey. 20 At the time of the Domesday survey, Thursley was comprehended in the manor of Witley, and it is still connected with that parish. HUNDREDS OF KINGSTON AND REIGATE. 253 Kingston hundred, anciently named Chingestun, comprised the following manors at the time of the Domesday survey:- 1. CHINGESTUN 2. CISENDONE. 3. CLAIGATE. 4. CUMBE • 5. DITUNE. 6. DITONE. • 7. ESTREHAM 8. LIMEURDE 9. MELDUNE.. • • • 10. PATRICHESHAM. 11. TALEORDE. This hundred comprises two divisions:- • Kingston. Chessington.21 Cleygate. Comb.22 Long Ditton. Thames Ditton. Ham. Imber.2 Maldon. Petersham. Talworth. In the first are (1) Kingston-upon-Thames, including the hamlets of Hatch and Hook; Ham, now a separate parish; (2) Petersham; (3) Richmond. In the second division are these parishes: (1) Long Ditton, with the hamlet of Talworth; (2) Thames Ditton, of which the manor of Cleygate alone is in this hundred, the other parts of the parish being within the hundred of Elmbridge; (3) Kew; (4) Maldon. Reigate hundred was anciently called the hundred of Chirchfelde. The following manors are stated in the Domesday Book to have been in this hundred :— 1. BOCHELANT 2. CHERCHEFELD. 3. GATONE.. 4. MERSTAN 5. NOTFELLE. 6. Orde.. • • 7. TEPESTEDE • • Buckland. Reigate. Gatton. Merstham. Nutfield. Worth? 24 • Chipstead. Parishes in the first division: (1) Betchworth; (2) Buckland; (3) Charlwood, formerly comprised in Cherchefeld; (4) Ewell; the liberty of Kingswood, the other part of the parish of Ewell is in Copthorne hundred; (5) Horley; (6) Leigh, anciently included in Cherchefeld; (7) Newdigate; the hamlet of Newdigate only,-the rest of the parish is in Copthorne hundred; (8) Reigate. Parishes in the second division: (1) Burstow; (2) Chipstead; (3) Gatton; (4) Merstham; (5) Nutfield. 21 Now reckoned in Copthorne hundred. 22 Comprehended in Kingston hundred. 23 Limeurde, Imworth, Imber or Ember, is now reckoned in the hundred of Elmbridge. 24 The manor of Orde, (Worth ?) "being rated at no more than half a hide, I take it to have been part of the manor of Worth in Sussex, which extended into this hundred in the neighbourhood of Horley."-Manning, SURREY, vol. i. Introd. p. i. 254 HISTORY OF SURREY. Tandridge hundred, anciently named Tenrige, contained the follow- ing manors at the time of the Domesday survey:- 1. ACSTEDE. • Oxted. Blechingley. 2. BLACHINGELEI. 3. BRAMSELLE. 4. CELESHAM 5. CHELESHAM.. 6. CIVENTONE 7. FERLEGA.. • • 8. LIMENESFELD. 9. TATELEFELLE 10. TELLINGDONE 11. TENRIGE.. • • • 12. WACHELESTEDE 13. WALLINGHAM • • • • Bramselle. Caterham. · Chelsham. Chevinton. Farley. Limpsfield. Tatsfield. • Tillingdon. Tandridge. Godstone. · Warlingham. Parishes in the first division: (1) Blechingley, in which is a farm called Chevinton; (2) Crowhurst; (3) Godstone; (4) Horne; (5) Limpsfield; (6) Lingfield; (7) Oxted; (8) Tandridge. Parishes in the second division: (1) Caterham; (2) Chelsham ; (3) Farley; (4) Tatsfield; (5) Titsey; (6) Warlingham; (7) Wolding- ham. Wallington hundred, (anciently called Waleton, and in modern surveys, Croydon hundred,) comprised the following manors at the time of the Domesday survey:- 1. AULTON. 2. BEDDINGTONE 3. BENESTENE 4. CALVEDON • 5. CEIHAM. 6. COLESDONE 7. CROINDENE • 8. EDDINGTONE 9. MICHELHAM 10. MORDONE.. • • • • • 11. ODEMERESTOR. 12. SANDESTEDE 13. SUDTONE.. 14. WALETONE • • 15. WATENDONE. 16. WITFORD • • • • • • · Carshalton. Beddington. Banstead. Chaldon. Cheam. Coulsdon. Croydon. Addington. Mitcham. Mordon. • Woodmansterne. Sanderstead. Sutton. Wallington, Whatendon. Witford. Parishes in the first division: (1) Addington; (2) Chaldon; (3) Coulsdon; (4) Croydon; (5) Sanderstead; (6) Woodmanston. Parishes in the second division: (1) Beddington, with the hamlet of Wallington; (2) Carshalton; (3) Cheam; (4) Mitcham; (5) Mor- don; (6) Sutton. Woking hundred was anciently called Wochinges. The following are the manors in this hundred mentioned in the Domesday Book :- HUNDREDS OF WOKING AND WOTTON. 255 1. ВОСНЕНАМ.. 2. BORHAM. • 3. CLANEDUN 4. CLANDUN 5. GILDEFORD 6. HENLEI.. + • 7. HORSELEI.. 8. LODESORDE 9. ORSELEI 10. SANDE. 11. STOCHE. • • • 12. SUDTONE. 13. TETINGES. • • 14. WENEBerge. • • • • Ockham. Burgham. East Clandon. West Clandon. Guildford. Henley. East Horsley. Loddesworth. West Horsley. Send. Stoke, next Guildford. Sutton. 25 Titing.2 Wanborough. 15. WERPESDUNE 16. WISELEI. · • 17. WOCHINGES.. 18. WUCHA. • • Worplesdon. Wisley. Woking. Wick, in Worplesdon. Parishes in the first division: (1) Ash, with the tithing of Nor- mandy; this parish also includes the chapelry of Frimley, in Godley hundred; (2) Pirbright, or Purbright; (3) Stoke, next Guildford ; (4) Windlesham; (5) Woking; (6) Worplesdon. Wanborough, in this division of the hundred of Woking, is an extra-parochial district. Parishes in the second division: (1) East Clandon; (2) West Clan- don; (3) East Horsley; (4) West Horsley; (5) Merrow; (6) Ockham ; (7) Send, with the chapelry of Ripley; (8) Wisley. The Borough of Guildford, which was anciently reckoned in the hundred of Woking, is now under a separate jurisdiction. It com- prises the consolidated parishes of The Holy Trinity, and St. Mary the Virgin; and St. Nicholas. Wotton" hundred, anciently called Wodeton, contained, at the time of the Domesday survey, the following manors:— 1. ABINCEBORNE · Abinger. Eversheds. 2. ARSESTE • • 3. BECESWorde. 4. DORCHINGES 5. HANSTEGA 6. HOCLEI.. • • • · 7. LITELFIELD 8. MILDETONE. 9. ODETONE. 10. PADENDENE 11. SUDTONE. • • • • • • West Betchworth. Dorking. Hanstegh. Ockley. Littlefield. Milton. Wotton. Padington. • 12. WESCOTE 25 Now included in St. Martha's, in Blackheath hundred. Sutton.27 Westcot. 26 In modern Surveys this hundred is styled Dorking, but improperly. 27 The ancient manor of Sutton is partly in the parish of Abinger, and partly in that of Shere, in the hundred of Blackheath. 1 256 HISTORY OF SURREY. Parishes in the first division: (1) Abinger, including Padington and part of Sutton; (2) Ockley, comprising Eversheds and Littlefield; (3) Wotton," including Low-Hill, and Up-Hill. Parishes in the second division: (1) Capel, anciently part of Dorking; (2) Dorking, comprehending Hanstegh, Milton, Westcot, and West Betchworth. NOTICES OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT OF SURREY.—ARCH- DEACONRY.-LIST OF ARCHDEACONS.-DEANERIES.-RURAL DEANS.- PARISHES AND BENEFICES. The inhabitants of the southern part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Sussex are said to have been converted to Christianity by Wilfred, ex-archbishop of York, who founded an Episcopal see at Selsea, (a small island near the shore,) about the year 681; and Mr. Manning seems to refer the introduction of the Christian religion into Surrey to the same period. But if we admit that the people who dwelt on the maritime coast of this province continued to be pagans until the time just mentioned, that certainly could not have been the case with those who lived near the southern bank of the Thames. The introduction of Christianity into Kent took place before the termina- tion of the sixth century; and in the course of a few years it ex- tended into Essex; whence it may be conjectured, that some converts from paganism were to be found among the inhabitants of those districts of Surrey adjacent to Kent and Middlesex, in the early part of the seventh century. But if the vicinity of Kent did not produce any conformity of religion between the Kentish men and those of Surrey, it must at least be admitted, that as in most of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms the conversion of the people generally followed that of their rulers, the introduction of Christianity into this county was, probably, consequent on the profession of that religion by the kings of Wessex, or those of Mercia, to whom the sovereignty successively appertained. The gospel was preached to the West-Saxons about 635, by Birinus, who 28 Salmon says "A part of Wotton hundred has been beyond the memory of man called the Hundred of Darking. This is a name without foundation, yet in maps of a hundred years standing it is so called, although the jurisdiction of a hundred was never here. It is possible the Earls of Arundel gave some occasion to this, there being, as I have been informed, a District called the Liberty of Darking, in which the Duke of Norfolk has the fines which are paid to the King in other places.”—ANTIQUITIES OF SURREY, p. 99. ITS ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT. 257 baptized their king, Cynegils, and founded the bishopric of Dorchester, in Oxfordshire. Peada, the first Christian king of Mercia, died in 659; and his brother and successor, Wulfere, who also became a convert to Christianity, wrested the South-Saxon province from the king of Wessex; and in his reign a circumstance occurred, which proves that there must have been Christians in Surrey nearly twenty years before Wilfred commenced his labours as a missionary among the maritime people of Sussex. The circumstance in question was, the foundation of the monastery of Chertsey, by Frithwald, viceroy of Surrey, under Wulfere, king of Mercia, in or before the year 666, which is the date of the charter relative to the endowment of the convent; witnessed by King Wulfere,—by Egbert, king of Kent,— by Eleutherius, bishop of Winchester,-and others. Although it has been said that this county was, at first, subject to the Bishop of the South-Saxons, yet the circumstances just stated seem to contravert that opinion; and there is reason to believe, that it was subject to the See of Winchester from the very erection of that see into a separate diocese;—and, with the exception of eleven parishes, which heretofore formed the deanery of Croydon, and are now in the peculiar jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, it still belongs to Winchester.' 2 The Ecclesiastical government of the county, under the Bishop of Winchester, is vested in the Archdeacon of Surrey; his jurisdiction extending over all the parishes, excepting those just referred to as peculiars of the See of Canterbury: namely, Croydon, East Horsley, Merstham, Wimbledon, Barnes, Burstow, Charlwood, Newington, and Cheam. The Archdeaconry of Surrey, which was founded either in, or before, the year 1120, is endowed with the rectory of Farnham, including the chapelries of Seale, Frensham, and Elstead, in this county; and Bentley, in Hampshire. In the King's books it is valued at 917. 3s. 6d. per annum; and charged with the payment of 91. 2s. 44d. to the king, for tenths; and twenty marks annually to the bishop. 1 "Peculiars of the archbishops sprung from a privilege they had, to enjoy jurisdiction in such places where their seats and possessions were: and this was a privilege no way unfit or unreasonable, where their palaces were; and they oftentimes repaired to them in person, as appears by the multitude of letters dated from their several seats. In these Peculiars, (which, within the province of Canterbury amount to more than a hundred,) jurisdiction is administered by several Commissioners ;-and of these Lindwood observes, that their jurisdiction is archidiaconal."-Vide Dr. Burn, ECCLESIASTICAL LAW, vol. iii.; 7th edit.; Art. PECULIAR. 2 With Wimbledon are included the parochial chapelries of Mortlake and Putney, as will be more particularly specified in the progress of the work. VOL. I. LL 258 HISTORY OF SURREY. ARCHDEACONS OF SURREY. 1.—Stephen, archdeacon of Surrey, occurs as one of the subscribing witnesses to the foundation charter of the Abbey of Waverley, granted by Walter Giffard, bishop of Winchester, and dated in 1120. 2.—Robert was a witness to the charter of Bishop Henry de Blois to the same monastery, in 1130; and he was alive in 1171. 3.--Amicius held the office of archdeacon in the time of Bishop Godfrey de Lucy, who presided over the diocese of Winchester from 1189 to 1205; and he is mentioned in the Chronicle of Bermondsey by his official title in 1228. 4.-Lucas de Rupibus was presented to this benefice in 1230. 5.-Walter Bronescomb succeeded Lucas, but the date of his appoint- ment is uncertain. He held the archdeaconry in 1251; when he was constituted the king's proctor at the court of Rome. In 1258 he was promoted to the bishopric of Exeter, of which city he was a native; and he died there in 1280. 6.--Oliver Tracy, who was appointed archdeacon by the king, (Henry the Third,) in 1259, was set aside by the pope in the same year; notwithstanding which, he exercised the functions of the office for some time; but was finally deprived by the pope. 7.—Peter de Sancto Mauro, or S. Mario, the next archdeacon, was nominated by the pope, and ejected by the king; yet, at length, he maintained possession of the office, and held it till his death, in 1296. 8.-Thomas de Skerning obtained a letter from the Bishop of Win- chester, then at Rome, dated November 11, 1296, addressed to his commissaries in England, directing them to admit Skerning to the archdeaconry. His death took place in 1300. 9.-Philip de Barthon was collated to the archdeaconry, with the rectory of Farnham, and its appendages, on the 12th of March, 1300-1. He died in or before 1327. 10.—William Inge, the next archdeacon was cited, in 1331, to appear before the Bishop of Winchester, to shew cause why the Vicar of Farnham should not be endowed with a permanent annual stipend, from the revenues of the rectory; and not making his appearance, he was suspended, in the month of February follow- ing. The suspension was soon removed, and another citation issued; but the business seems to have terminated without the required settlement being made. This archdeacon appears to have been of a litigious disposition; for when, at Easter, 1334, the pay- ment reserved from the proceeds of the rectory of Farnham became LIST OF ARCHDEACONS. 259 due to the then bishop, Adam de Orleton, who had been raised to the See of Winchester towards the close of the year 1332, Inge refused to comply with the demand, although the stipulated sum had always been paid by his predecessors, and he had, him- self, recognized the legality of the claim, by paying the money to the late bishop of Winchester, John Stratford. In consequence of this refusal, various proceedings in the ecclesiastical courts took place; and the cause was at length tried in the court of Common Pleas at Westminster, where, in Trinity term, 1345, the bishop's right was established; and on the sixth of October, next ensuing, sentence was given, that the archdeacon should liquidate the debt due to his diocesan, amounting to two hundred and twenty marks, the arrears of the pension accumulated during eleven years of litigation. This archdeacon had begun to rebuild the chancels of the church at Farnham, which not being com- pleted before his death, he left by will three hundred marks, to carry on the work to its termination. He died, probably, in the year 1348. 11.—Richard Vaugham, chaplain to King Edward the Third, was confirmed in the office of archdeacon by letters patent, dated July the 27th, 1348. 12.—John de Edington, who had been appointed master of the Hos- pital of St. Cross, near Winchester, in 1349, held the arch- deaconry in 1367; but the time of his collation to this benefice is uncertain. It is probable, that he was related to William de Edington, bishop of Winchester; and that he owed both his pre- ferments to that prelate, who died in 1366. In June, 1368, the parishioners of Farnham accused the archdeacon before the bishop of Winchester, of having embezzled the materials bought by his predecessor for repairing the church; and in November, 1369, complaint was made against him, for the third time, for not proceeding with the repairs; and he was also charged with having received from Bishop Edington the legacy of Archdeacon Inge, left for that purpose. His death took place in 1397. 13.—John de Campeden was collated to the archdeaconry on July the 17th, 1397, by William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester; who, likewise, bestowed on him the mastership of the Hospital of St. Cross; and is said to have entertained a high opinion of his integrity, which he manifested by appointing him one of the executors of his will. 14.—John Cattrik, or Catterick, so called, perhaps, from the place of his birth, in Yorkshire, was archdeacon of Surrey in 1410; and LL 2 260 HISTORY OF SURREY. is supposed to have resigned the benefice in 1414; when he was raised to the bishopric of St. David's. He was translated to the See of Lichfield and Coventry in 1415; and in November, 1419, made bishop of Exeter, by the pope; very shortly after which, he died at Florence. 15.-John Forest was the next archdeacon of Surrey; but the time of his promotion cannot be exactly ascertained. In 1425, he was made dean of Wells, and probably then resigned the arch- deaconry. He died in 1446; and was buried at Wells. 16.—John de la Bere appears to have succeeded to the office on the promotion of archdeacon Forest. He was raised to the bishopric of St. David's in 1447. 17.-John Waynflete was collated to this dignity on January the 5th, 1447-8, by his brother, William Waynflete, bishop of Winchester. In March, 1449, he commenced a suit against his predecessor, for alleged dilapidation in divers houses belonging to the arch- deaconry. He held this benefice till his death, in 1479. 18.-Lionel Wydevile succeeded Waynflete. He was a younger son of Richard, Earl Rivers, whose daughter married King Edward the Fourth. In the earlier part of his life he was master of St. Anthony's school, London; and in 1468 he became rector of the Prebendal church of West Thurrock in Essex. In 1472, he obtained the archdeaconry of Oxford; in 1478, the prebend of Thame, in the church of Lincoln; and the next year, the arch- deaconry of Surrey. About the same time he was Chancellor of the University of Oxford; where he read the theological lecture founded by Edward the Fourth, when the king was present. Being raised to the See of Salisbury, in 1482, he resigned the archdeaconry. He died in 1484. Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, and Lord-chancellor, in the reign of Queen Mary, is said, by Bishop Godwin, to have been a natural son of Bishop Wydevile. 19.—Oliver Dynham, or Denham, was made archdeacon on the resig- nation of Wydevile; and he retained the office till his death, which occurred in 1500. 20.—Christopher Bainbridge held the archdeaconry towards the close of the year 1500, as appears from his signature as a witness to the will of Bishop Langton. In September, 1503, he obtained ⁹ Bishop Godwin, Le Neve, and Browne Willis, have stated that the Archdeaconry was held, about this time, by William Smyth, the founder of Brazen-nose College, Oxford: but Churton, in his Life of Smyth, published in 1800, has satisfactorily shewn that those writers were all mistaken. LIST OF ARCHDEACONS. 261 the prebend of Strensall, in the church of York; and in Decem- ber, the same year, he was installed dean of York; at which time, it is probable, that he resigned the archdeaconry of Surrey. > 22 In process of time, certain modifications have taken place in the state of parochial benefices; which may now be distributed into four classes, namely; Rectories, Vicarages, Perpetual Curacies, and Dona- tives. These variations have been chiefly owing to the gift of ad- vowsons, (or the right of presentation to livings,) by lords of manors, to religious communities, or convents of monks, nuns, friars, &c.; and to the changes which afterwards arose and were consequent upon the reformation. Such benefices as were never attached to any religious foundation, and remain in the disposal of the representatives or assignees of the original patrons, with the revenues entire, to be enjoyed by the incumbents, constitute the class of Rectories or Parsonages. When benefices, by gift or purchase, became appropriated to religious com- munities, they incurred the obligation of providing for the service of the cure of souls in such parishes. This duty being often negligently 22 Manning and Bray, SURREY, Introd. p. xc. BENEFICES,-HOW CLASSED. 271 attended to, it was enacted, by statute of the 15th of Richard the Second, (chap. 6), and the 4th of Henry the Fourth, (chap. 12), that at every appropriation there should be the establishment of a secular clerk, ordained, instituted, and inducted as Vicar perpetual, with a certain endowment, at the discretion of the Ordinary. Towards the settlement of an appropriation were required the consent of the king, the bishop of the diocese, the patron, the rector of the benefice, and usually the confirmation of the pope. These being obtained, the bishop proceeded to endow the Vicarage, or settle what part of the revenues of the living should belong to the vicar. His portion com- monly consisted of the smaller tithes and oblations; and where these did not amount to one-third of the whole, some of the greater tithes of corn, hay and wood were added, to supply the deficiency. Hence the distinction between great and small tithes; the nature of which is variable in different parishes. On the dissolution of religious houses, the benefices which had been appropriated to them were frequently granted to laymen, under the same conditions and obligations as they were held by their former proprietors; and the grantees have since been styled Lay-impropriators. Such of the grantees as became possessed of benefices that had been plenarily appropriated to their former owners, obtained them under the same obligation of providing for the cure of souls, with a right to all the emoluments of the living, with the deduction of a fixed stipend to a Curate, who is not instituted, but only licensed by the bishop; and not being removable at the will of the patron, but only by a revocation of the license, his benefice is termed a Perpetual Curacy. In some cases, the patrons of benefices have the right to bestow them on Clerks in orders without any institution, induction, or mandate of a bishop; of which the livings of Capel, and St. Thomas, South- wark, in this county, may be noticed as examples." This depends either on local statutes, or on privileges originally granted to the founders of certain churches, who erected them on that condition; and benefices thus presentable, are denominated Donatives. That the distribution of tracts of country into parishes was regu- lated by the territorial rights of lords of manors may be inferred from the circumstance that parishes sometimes consist of districts, detached from the county to which they belong, and are included locally within 23 The persons so promoted, however, must first take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy. They must also subscribe to the Declaration of Uniformity to the Liturgy of the Church of England; and if it be a benefice with cure, they “ought also to subscribe to the Thirty-nine Articles in the presence of the Ordinary-of the diocese."-Vide Burn's ECCLESIASTICAL LAW, vol. ii. Art. Donative. 272 HISTORY OF SURREY. another county; of which many instances occur. The limits of parishes also in some cases interfere, a detached portion of one parish being enclosed within another parish at a distance from it. And as parochial boundaries have in general been settled by ancient and immemorial custom, it became necessary to adopt means for preserv- ing the relative rights and jurisdiction of adjoining parishes; and hence the institution of annual processions to perpetuate this know- ledge. These processions or perambulations being performed in Ro- gation week, the rogation days were anciently called gang-days, from the Saxon verb gangen, to go. Flags or banners were borne by those who perambulated the parochial boundaries; and by a constitution of Archbishop Winchelsey, it was ordained that the parishioners should furnish, at their own charge, banners for the rogation." In the annexed Table which has been carefully brought down to the middle of January, 1841, are included the names of all the Parishes and Livings throughout Surrey, which are connected with the ESTABLISHED CHURCH; together with the names of the Incumbents, and the re- spective dates of their institution or appointment. The nett value of each Living is also subjoined, as it was returned to Parliament, on the average of the three years ending on the 31st of December, 1831;"5 and lastly, a complete list is added of the Patrons of every benefice as they exist at the present time, as far as the same could be ascer- tained. how- 24 Lyndwode, PROVINCIALE, p. 252.-Although once regarded as of unquestionable utility, these processions may be said, generally, to have fallen into disuse. They are, ever, still continued in many parishes; but the theatric splendour with which they were formerly accompanied, is altogether disregarded. Dr. Burn says "These perambula- tions (although of great use to preserve the bounds of parishes) were in the times of popery accompanied with great abuses, namely, with feastings and with superstition; being performed in the nature of processions, with banners, hand-bells, lights, staying at crosses, and the like. And therefore, when processions were forbidden, the useful and innocent part of perambulations was retained, in the injunctions of Queen Elizabeth; wherein it was required, that for the retaining of the perambulation of the circuits of parishes, the people should once in the year, at the time accustomed, with the Curate and the sub- stantial men of the parish, walk about the parishes, as they were accustomed, and at their return to the Church make their common prayers." The Curate was also directed, "at certain convenient places" to stop, and admonish the people to thankfulness; and was required" to inculcate these, or such-like sentences, Cursed be he which translateth the bounds and dolles of his neighbour."-EccLES. Law, vol. iii. Art. Parish. 25 Vide REPORT of the Commissioners on ECCLESIASTICAL REVENUES, Table, No. iv. 1835. TABLE OF INCUMBENTS. 273 TABLE OF PARISHES, INCUMBENTS, DATES OF INSTITUTION, PATRONS, ETC. In respect to ECCLESIASTICAL jurisdiction, the whole of Surrey, except eleven parishes, (Peculiars of Canterbury,) as already mentioned, is subject to the SEE OF WINCHESTER. Bishop of Winchester-THE RIGHT REVEREND CHARLES SUMNER, D.D. Prelate of the Order of the Garter, and Provincial Sub-Dean of Canterbury. He was confirmed on the 12th of December, 1827. Archdeacon of Surrey-THE VENERABLE SAMUEL WILBERFORCE, A.M. Canon of Winchester, and Rector of Alverstoke in Hampshire. He was instituted on the 20th of November, 1839. Chancellor of the Diocese-THE Reverend WILLIAM DEALTRY, D.D. Rector of Clapham, and Canon of Winchester. Commissary for Surrey-JOHN POULTER, ESQ. B.C.L. [Abbreviations used in "Description of Living "-R. Rectory; V. Vicarage; P.C. Perpetual Curacy; D.C. District Church; D. Donative; Ch. Chapel of Ease.] Parishes and Dedications. of Living. Description Names of Incumbents. Dates of Institutions. Present Patronage. ing in 1831. Val. of Liv- VOL. I. £ ABINGER, St. James. R. John Massey Dawson ADDINGTON, St. Mary V. John Collinson Bissett. • ALBURY, St. Peter and St. Paul R. John Hooper ALFOLD, St. Wilfrid . R. Richard John Sparkes March 26, 1835.... January 3, 1821. November 13, 1834 July 26, 1839. William John Evelyn, esq.. Archbishop of Canterbury.. 453 206 Henry Drummond, esq.. 428 Richard Sparkes, esq. 205 ASH, St. Peter R. Gilbert Wall Heathcote, B.C.L. • July 27, 1838 Winchester College.. 473 ASHTEAD, St. Giles BANSTEAD, All-Saints R. William Legge September 28, 1826 Hon. Fulke Greville Howard, and Mrs. Howard 499 V. William Lewis Buckle, A.M. June 8, 1832 Rev. W. L. Buckle, A.M.. 310 BARNES, St. Mary. R. · BATTERSEA, St. Mary V. St. George P. C. BETCHWORTH (EAST), St. Michael. V. Beddington, St. Mary. Ꭱ. Reginald Edward Copleston, D.D... Hon. Robert John Eden, A.M. J. G. Weddell, A.M.. George Robert Kensit J. Bromfield Ferrers, A.M. January 13, 1840 .. Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's.. 375 January 16, 1835 .. Earl Spencer... 982 August 5, 1828.... | Vicar of Battersea. 58 February 18, 1835. | Dean and Canons of Windsor. 126 January, 1783 Capt. Charles H. Carew 1212 BERMONDSEY, St. Mary Magdalen.. R. John Edgar Gibson, A.M. October 12, 1827. Mrs. Knapp... 514 St. James. P. C. Henry Mackenzie, A.M. July 1, 1840. Rector of Bermondsey. 300 BISLEY, St. John Baptist. R. John King, A.M. October 18, 1810 Trustees of John Thornton, esq. 188 BLECHINGLEY, St. Mary R. Charles Fox Chawner, A.M. December 28, 1840. Heirs of the late Warde. 881 BOOKHAM (GREAT), St. Nicholas V. William Heberden, jun. A.M. August 23, 1821 William Heberden, M.D.. 340 (LITTLE). R. • George Pollen Boileau Pollen, A.M.. June 21, 1823 Rev. G. P. B. Pollen, 156 NN 274 HISTORY OF SURREY. of Liv. Descript. Names of Incumbents. Dates of Institutions. Present Patronage. Value of Living. BUCKLAND, St. Peter BURSTOW, St. Bartholomew. R. BYFLEET, St. Mary the Virgin R. CAMBERWELL, St. Giles V. R. Thomas Hulse, B.C.L. • Arthur Edward Howman Charles Vernon Holme Sumner John George Storie, A.M. April 26, 1836 St. George.. P. C. Samuel Smith, A.M.. January 6, 1799. . March 19, 1834.... October 3, 1823... February 11, 1833.. Warden and Fellows of All-Souls Col- lege, Oxford. The Crown.. Lord Chancellor Sir T. Smyth, bart. Vicar of Camberwell 337 383 187 1820 500 Christchurch • P.C. P. C. Robert Clerke Burton, A.M. December 8, 1838.. Peckham, Proprietary Right Hon. Lord Rayleigh, and others, Trustees of Hyndman's Bounty Chapel. P. C. Edmund Lilley, A.M. November 30, 1833 East Dulwich Chapel.. P. C. Matthew Anderson, A.M. March 2, 1827. Proprietors, with assent of the Vicar. Trustees of Chapel. 100 Camden Chapel. P. C. Henry Melville Proprietor CAPEL, St. John Baptist D. Patrick Ballingall Beath January 19, 1814 Trustees of the late Duke of Norfolk 84 CARSHALTON, All-Saints V. W. Hardy Vernon, B.A.. July 15, 1835 Charles Byne, esq.. 600 • CATERHAM, St. Laurence. V. James Legrew, A.M. July 20, 1831. Rev. James Legrew 274 CHALDON, St. Peter R. James Legrew, A.M. March 30, 1830.. Rev. James Legrew 255 CHARLWOOD, St. Nicholas R. Henry Wise, A.M. November 13, 1805 Rev. H. Wise.. 550 CHEAM (WEST), St. Dunstan R. William Bennett, B.D. September 6, 1813. St. John's College, Oxford. 559 CHERTSEY, All-Saints V. Charles Cotton, A.M. August 4, 1837 Haberdashers' Company 307 Addlestone, St. Paul P. C. W. B. Ibotson, B.A. December, 1838. Bishop of Winchester CHIDINGFOLD, St. Mary.. Ꭱ. Haslemere, St. Bartholo- James Legrew Hesse, A.M. December 8, 1833.. Dean of Salisbury. 522 mew C. CHIPSTEAD, St. Margaret. R. Peter Aubertin, B.A. April 26, 1808 Colonel Hylton Jolliffe. 267 CHOBHAM, St. Laurence V. James Jerram April 21, 1834. John Thornton, esq. 148 CLANDON (EAST) (WEST). R. Edward John Ward, A.M. April 23, 1832 Earl of Lovelace.. 152 R. CLAPHAM, Holy Trinity St. James. R. William Hodgson Cole, A.M.. William Dealtry, D.D.. P.C. Charles Bradley, A.M.. August 17, 1822. July 26, 1813... November 17, 1829 Earl of Onslow. 136 William Atkins, esq. 1275 St. Paul P. C. William Borrows, A.M. 1816 COBHAM, St. Andrew. V. William James COMPTON, St. Nicholas.. R. George More Molyneux COULSDON, St. John Evangelist Ꭱ. W. Wood, B.D.. October 13, 1823. September 11, 1823 November 25, 1830 CRANLEY, St. Nicholas.. R. Robert Barbor Wolfe, A.M. April 7, 1812 CROWHURST, St. George P. C. CROYDON, St. John Baptist V. Robert Fitzherbert Fuller, A.M. H. Lindsay, A.M. November 23, 1819 November 2, 1830.. Six Trustees... Rector of Clapham. F. Weston, esq... J. M. Molyneux, esq. Archbishop of Canterbury Francis Sapte, esq. George Rush, esq. Archbishop of Canterbury 500 200 162 380 636 1195 65 .. 587 Parishes and Dedications. TABLE OF INCUMBENTS. 275 363 • 106 70 148 461 334 28 171 Christchurch, Virginia Water. P. C. Thomas Page, A.M.. CROYDON, All-Saints. St. James CUDDINGTON, St. Mary, (Ecc. destructa)' C. C. Edmund Harden G. Coles Vicar of Croydon. 285 Vicar of Croydon. 185 V. DITTON (LONG), St. Mary.. R. Jervis Trigge Giffard, A.M. June 21, 1838 New College, Oxford. 474 -(THAMES), St. Nicholas. P. C. Wilfrid Speer.. March 13, 1835. William Attwick, esq.. 290 Cleygate, Holy Tri- nity P. C. T. D. Baker January, 1841 Trustees DORKING, St. Martin V. James Joyce, A.M. Duke of Norfolk. Holmwood P. C. J. Sutton Utterton, A.M. July 7, 1839.. DUNSFOLD, St. Mary R. Erskine William Holland. June 12, 1838 • EFFINGHAM, St. Laurence EGHAM, St. John Baptist. V. Henry Malthus. V. Jacob Wood, A.M. March 3, 1837 Bishop of Winchester The Crown Lord Chancellor George Gostling, esq. • Miss Christina Irvine, Rev. Fountain Elwin, and Alex. Gordon, jun. esq. Trustees. 411 471 226 575 March 17, 1837. June 21, 1838 November 29, 1838 ELSTEAD, St. James... P.C John Hollier Stephenson. July 19, 1836. Rev. J. Colmer, as Lessee of the Arch- deacon of Surrey 78 EPSOM, St. Martin র V. ESHER, St. George. R. Benjamin Bradney Bockett, A.M. Wadham Harbin, A.M. September 5, 1839 Speer. 304 November 27, 1828 Henry John Pye, esq. as Trustee on the nomination of Five Colleges at Oxford 448 EWELL, St. Mary. V. Sir George Lewin Glyn, bart. A.M. July 10, 1831. ... Kingswood Liberty, St. Andrew P. C. Richard Knight.. EWHURST, St. Peter and St. Paul R. Charles Augustus Steuart, A.M. November 8, 1839.. January 25, 1811 .. Rev. Sir George Lewin Glyn, bart. Vicar of Ewell 277 Lord Chancellor 462 FARLEY (or Farleigh), St. Mary FARNHAM, St. Andrew R. George Edwards Cooper Walker V. December 13, 1835. August 16, 1799. Merton College, Oxford Archdeacon of Surrey 195 430 Henry Warren, A.M.*, [* Assistant Curates-The Rev. R. Sankey, J. H. Butterworth, H. L. Julius, and H. L. Dodds.] December 26, 1840. | Bishop of Winchester September 21, 1838 Rev. Robert Downes. William Stephens, esq Rector of Ash. Wrecklesham, St. Peter P. C. Robert Durant Buttemer, A.M. FETCHAM, R. Robert Downes June 22, 1839 FRENSHAM, St. Mary P. C. Richard Stephens. FRIMLEY, P. C. George Edward Hollest, LL.D. GATTON,. R. James Cecil Wynter, A.M. GODALMING, St. Peter and St. Paul. V. John Garwood Bull, A.B. May 21, 1832. February 19, 1833 June 29, 1838. Lord Monson.. • GODSTONE, St. Nicholas V. C. J. Hoare, A.M... March, 1821 GUILDFORD, St. Mary with Holy Trinity GODSTONE, Felbridge, Endowed Chapel P. C. G. B. Percy, A.B. April 6, 1839 R. Henry Ayling, A.M. July 13, 1838 R. Dean of Salisbury Ven. C. J. Hoare Raikes, esq. Lord Chancellor. NN 2 276 HISTORY OF SURREY, Parishes and Dedications. GUILDFORD, St. Nicholas. HAMBLEDON, St. Peter of Liv. Descript. Names of Incumbents. R. William Henley Pearson, A.M. R. Edward Bullock, A.M. HASCOMB, St. Peter R. Thomas Chalmers Storie. HEADLEY, (or Hedley),. R. Ferdinand Faithful, A.B.. HORLEY, St. Bartholomew. V. Edward Rice, D.D. Dates of Institutions. June 18, 1832. October 29, 1833... October 17, 1835... May 5, 1830 August 8, 1827 Present Patronage. Dean of Salisbury. Earl of Radnor.. Mackenzie, esq. Falue of Living. 437 207 171 Hon. Fulke Greville Howard.. 162 Governors of Christ's Hospital, London 325 HORNE (or Hourne), St. Mary R. Henry Poynder, A.M. December 23, 1818 Thomas Poynder, esq.. 450 HORSLEY (EAST), St. Martin. R. Hon. A. Philip Perceval, A.M. June 18, 1824 Archbishop of Canterbury. 257 (WEST), St. Mary. R. HORSELL (or Horshill), St. Mary. P. C. Charles Henry Samuel Weston, A.M. Albert Mangles, A.M. | October 19, 1816... Rev. Chas. H. S. Weston. 317 • January 16, 1840. KEW, St. Ann. V. Messrs. John and Henry Roake, Fladgate, and Collyer.. 83 with Petersham, St. Peter. KINGSTON UPON THAMES, All-Saints. خون } Richard Burgh Byam, B.D. December 24, 1828 King's College, Cambridge. 401 V. with Richmond, St. Mary Mag- Samuel Whitlock Gandy, A.M. January 23, 1817 King's College, Cambridge.. 888 dalen. C. Richmond, St. John P. C. John Dixon Hales, A.M. August 10, 1837... Vicar of Kingston. 119 Ham, St. Andrew P. C. James Hough, A.M………. 1830... Vicar of Kingston... 101 Hook, St. Paul P. C. John Mc Cammon Trew LAMBETH, St. Mary R. Brixton, St. Matthew D. C. George D'Oyley, D.D.. Edwin Prodgers, B.D. March 6, 1839.. October 16, 1820.. 1824.. Vicar of Kingston... Archbishop of Canterbury.. Rector of Lambeth. 2316 650 Holland.. Ch. Francis G. Crossman. Kennington, St. Mark D.C. Charlton Lane, A.M. August 16, 1835, lic. March 9, 1833.. Rector of Lambeth. 700 Waterloo Road, St. John Evangelist D. C. Robert Irvine, A.M.. November? 1832.. Rector of Lambeth. 483 Norwood, St. Luke D. C. Charles Turner, A.M. April 7, 1836.. Rector of Lambeth. 303 St. Mary P.C. Robert Eden, A.M. May 8, 1839.. Rector of Lambeth. 170 Holy Trinity P. C. Charles Edmund Wylde, B.A.. November 18, 1840 Rector of Lambeth. Stockwell,. Ch. Henry Clissold, A.M. 1824 South Lambeth, Ch. Denmark Hill, St. Matthew Ch. Kennington Lane, or Carlisle Ch. Kennington Road, St. James Ch. Vauxhall, St. Paul.. Ch. Verulam, Kennington Road Ch. Richard Cattermole, B.D. Thomas E. Hankinson Thomas Tennison Cuffe Thomas Martin Ready. T. R. Barber Edward Hedges, A.M. August 14, 1835, lic. Proprietors. 1840 Proprietors. Sept. 9, 1834, lic... Proprietors.. June 8, 1833, lic... Proprietors. June 12, 1840, lic.. Proprietors.. 1838 Proprietors. TABLE OF INCUMBENTS. 277 LEIGH, St. Bartholomew LIMPSFIELD, St. Peter'. R. LINGFIELD, St. Peter and St. Paul P. C. MALDEN, St. John V. with LAMBETH, Asylum.. LEATHERHEAD, St. Mary & St. Nicholas Ch. V. Edward B. Vardon, B.C.L. Chaplain. Hen. Harnage Harnage. Alternate Fran. Goode, A.M. Nov. Morning 1, 1834. William Curling, B.A. Evening Preacher Benjamin Chapman P. C. Joseph Hodgson. Robert Mayne, A.M. George Trevelyan, A.M.. Committee and Governors Preachers. May, 1828.. August 23, 1836.. Dean and Chapter of Rochester. September 8, 1823.. Trustees of the late R. C. Dendy, esq. 146 October 30, 1806 .. William Leveson Gower, esq. 595 R. Fitzherbert Fuller, A.M. November 23, 1819 Robert Ladbroke, esq. 150 Chessington.. C. } November 19, 1834 Merton College, Oxford. 417 MERROW, St. John Evangelist R. Arthur Onslow, A.M. August 19, 1812. Earl of Onslow. 212 MERSTHAM, St. Catherine R. John Manby, A.M. May 15, 1839. Archbishop of Canterbury. 476 MERTON, St. Mary MICKLEHAM, St. Michael R. P. C. Essex Henry Bond, B.A.. Alfred Burmester, A.M.. June 18, 1827 Mrs. Mary Bond. 93 April 17, 1813. Sir George Talbot. 440 MITCHAM, St. Peter and St. Paul.. MORDEN, St. Laurence V. R. James Henry Mapleton, B.C.L. Robert Tritton, A.M. 1829.... William Simpson, esq. • 456 May 13, 1835 Descendants of the late Richard Garth,] MORTLAKE. P. C. Edw. Aislabie Ommaney, A.M. MOULSEY (or Molesey), EAST. P. C. Wilfrid Speer.. WEST P. C. John Pritchard Mills, B.A. NEWDIGATE, St. Peter. NEWINGTON BUTTS, St. Mary. R. John Young, D.D.. December 27, 1832.. November 20, 1834 February, 1840 April 12, 1834.... and J. H. Tritton, alternately. Dean and Chapter of Worcester. 353 132 King's College, Cambridge.. 157 Rev. Herbert Binney, D.C.L 74 Lord Chancellor. 353 R. Arthur Cyril Onslow, A.M. Trinity. D. C. Gilbert Chesnutt, B. A.. August 30, 1812.... 1835. Bishop of Worcester. 1300 • Rector of St. Mary, Newington. Walworth, St. Peter D.C. George Ainslie, A.M. 1835... Rector of St. Mary, Newington.. County Gaol, Horsemonger Lane, Ch. Samuel Benson June 6, 1840 D NUTFIELD, St. Peter and St. Paul R. Edward Hughes, B.D. November 19, 1832 Jesus College, Oxford. 500 OAKWOOD (or Okewood), St. John Bap- tist P. C. John Massey Dawson ОCKHAM, All-Saints R. ОCKLEY (or Okeley), St. Margaret. R. John Cook, B.D. OXTEAD (or Okested), St. Mary R. W. Master Pyne. Charles H. S. Weston, A.M. July 8, 1817. January 19, 1827 PEPER-HAROWw, St. Nicholas PIRBRIGHT, St. Michael PUTNEY, St. Mary. PUTTENHAM, St, John Baptist Laurence W. Eliot, A.M.. P. C. | William Henry Parson P. C. Christopher Thomas Robinson. R. R. March 26, 1835....| William John Evelyn, esq. 322 • September 17, 1821 Earl of Lovelace. 248 Clare Hall, Cambridge. 348 C. L. H. Master.. 624 October 19, 1801... Viscount Middleton. 200 September 21, 1838 | H. Halsey. 82 February 10, 1835.. Dean and Chapter of Worcester. 362 Thomas Watkyn Richards, A.M. July 24, 1823 Lord Chancellor. 279 ! 278 HISTORY OF SURREY. Parishes and Dedications. of Liv. Descript. Names of Incumbents. Dates of Institutions. Present Patronage. Value of Living. REIGATE, St. Mary Magdalen V. ROTHERHITHE, St Mary... R. Richard Filewood Snelson Edward Blick, A.M.. May 21, 1812 Rev. R. F. Snelson. April 8, 1835. Clare Hall, Cambridge. 418 772 Holy Trinity P. C. William P. H. Hutchinson, B.A. Rector of Rotherhithe. Christchurch. P. C. John Clement Saunders Jan. 10, 1840, lic... | Trustees of Miss Hyndman's Bounty.. All-Saints. P. C. John Johnstone.. July 24, 1840, lic... Rector of Rotherhithe. Saint Martha (or Chilworth). D. SANDERSTEAD, All-Saints R. SEALE (or Sele), P. C. SEND, St. Mary V. with Ripley,... SHALFORD, St. Mary خان C. William Hodgson Cole, A.M. John Courtney, A.M. Frederick Richard Stevens } George Walton Onslow, A.M. August 3, 1821 May 28, 1832. October 13, 1824 William Tinkler, esq.. A. Wigsell, esq.. 352 Archdeacon of Surrey 44 August 9, 1792 Earl of Onslow. 260 with George Walton Onslow, A.M. December 17, 1800 Lord Chancellor. 330 Bramley, Holy Trinity C. SHERE (or Shire), St. James R. Thomas Duncumb January 10, 1805. SOUTHWARK, Christchurch R. St. George.. R. James Henry Mapleton, B.C.L. John Horton, A.M. January 17, 1809.. The Rev. Charles Delafosse Trustees of John Marshall, esq.. 870 St. John (Horsley-down) R. St. Olave R. St. Saviour. St. Thomas. D. St. Peter.. P. C. St. John, London Road. Ch. Magdalen Hospital. Ch. } Philanthropic Soc.. Ch. Queen's Bench Prison.. Ch. School for Indigent Blind Ch. Bethlem Hospital Ch. · Marshalsea Prison Ch. Guy's Hospital J. Channing Abdy, A.M.. Arthur Henry Kenney, D.D. William Mann, A.M. P.C.William Curling, A.M. William Deey, A.M.. George William Lewis, A.M. John Francis Witty. Joseph Brackenbury, A.M. Chaplain. Wm. Harrison, A.M. Morn. Preacher. J. W. Gleadall, A.M. Even. Preacher. W. Pace, A.M. Chaplain. {Edw. Rice, D.D. Preacher W. Evans, Chaplain. John Evans, A.M. Chaplain J. Garrett, B.D. Chaplain Thomas Price, Chaplain Ch. John F. D. Maurice, Chaplain October 6, 1837... May 13, 1823.. July 17, 1821.. September 27, 1804 October 10, 1833 February 8, 1839. November 22, 1839 Nov. 7, 1838, lic. Governors of St. Thomas's Hospital.. Trustees of Miss Hyndman's Bounty. Committee and Governors. 730 Lord Chancellor 500 Lord Chancellor The Crown The Parishioners. The Parishioners.. 628 400 400 215 TABLE OF INCUMBENTS. 279 STOKE D' ABERNON, St. Mary R. Philip Vaillant, A.M. August 26, 1801 Rev. H. Smith. 418 next Guildford, St. John Evan- gelist R. Samuel Paynter, A.M. STREATHAM, St. Leonard. R. Henry Blunt, A.M. SUTTON, St. Nicholas R. Henry Hatch.. TANDRIDGE, St. Peter P. C. Henry Brown, A.M. TATTSFIELD R. THORPE, St. Mary. V. Granville Leveson Gower Christopher D'Oyly Aplin TITSEY, R. Granville Leveson Gower October 8, 1831 May 12, 1835. May 9, 1831 April 12, 1834 December 19, 1816 May 12, 1835.. February, 1818 Paynter, esq. Duke of Bedford. Rev. Thomas Hatch. 597 1136 660 Sir William Clayton, bart.. 80 William Leveson Gower, esq.. 150 Lord Chancellor 141 William Leveson Gower, esq. 180 TOOTING, St. Nicholas • R. John Buxton Marsden, A.M. March 11, 1833.. Rev. Richard Greaves. 374 WALTON on the Hill, St. Peter. on Thames, St Mary Hersham, Holy Trinity. WANDSWORTH, All-Saints خونم R. Samuel Bennett, D.D. V. Thomas Hatch, A.M. C. William North V. Daniel Charles Delafosse.. St. Anne. Sommers Town. C. Frederick Wadeson Shaw, B.A. June 28, 1822. January 6, 1840.. July 12, 1838 July 16, 1837. Capt. C. H. Carew. 346 December 13, 1816. Lord Chancellor 209 Vicar of Walton-on-Thames. William Borrodaile. 840 Vicar of Wandsworth.. Ch. William Pitman Jones. November 15, 1837 Vicar of Wandsworth.. 162 WARLINGHAM, All-Saints V. John Dalton Chelsham, St. Leonard. October 30, 1829... A. W. Wigsell, esq.. 471 WEYBRIDGE, St. Nicholas R. K. Champaign Bayley. WIMBLEDON, St. Mary WINDLESHAM, St. John Baptist.. with R. P. C. Henry Lindsay, A.M. Thomas Snell, LL.B. October, 1828. June 25, 1819.. Lord Chancellor. 292 Dean and Chapter of Worcester. November 9, 1807 • Lord Chancellor 404 Bagshot, WISLEY,. R. with George Walton Onslow, A. M. A.M. August 12, 1806.. Earl of Onslow.. 210 Pyrford, V. WITLEY, All-Saints V. with John Chandler, A.M. May 10, 1837. Rev. John Chandler. 182 Thursley, C. Milford, St. John.. P. C. Rector of Witley. WOKING, St. Peter. V. Charles Bradshaw Bowles, A.M. April 15, 1837. Earl of Onslow. 234 WOLDINGHAM. D. G. E. C. Walker.. WONERSH, St. John Baptist V. William Hodgson Cole, A.M. July 19, 1806.. Jones.. Lord Grantley. 14 137 WOODMANSTON (or Woodmansterne), St. Peter. R. Charles John Crawford, A.M. May 29, 1834.. Lord Chancellor 301 WORPLESDON, St. Mary R. George Bethell, A.M. February 8, 1833. Eton College.... 708 WOTTON, St. John Evangelist. R. Hon. J. Evelyn Boscawen, A.M. January 6, 1818. William John Evelyn, esq.. 513 280 HISTORY OF SURREY TABULAR VIEW OF THE VALUE OF SURREY LIVINGS IN 1831. Under 501. St. Martha's Chapel. | Farley. Seale. Woldingham. Frensham. From 100l. to 2001. From 2001. to 300l. From 300l. to 4007. From 400l. to 500l. From 500l. to 6007. Chipstead. Epsom. Esher. St. John's, South- St. Paul's, Clapham. Fetcham. Ewhurst. wark. Gatton. Effingham. Godstone. Farnham. Hascombe. Ewell. Horley. Godalming. ford. Headley. Holy Trinity, Guild- West Horsley. St. Nicholas, Guild- Wotton. From 50l. to 1007. St. Mary's, Lambeth. ford. Morden. ford. St. George's, Batter- Leatherhead. Hambledon. Newdigate. Horne. From 800l. to 9001, Blechingley. Kingston on Thames Stoke, next Guild- Christchurch, South- St. George's, Cam- berwell. wark. Wandsworth. sea. Leigh. Merrow. Ockley. Kew. St. James, Clapham. From 900l. to 1000l. Battersea. Capel. Lingfield. Ockham. Oakwood. Malden. Crowhurst. East Moulsey. Peperharow. Sanderstead. Mickleham. From 6001, to 700l. Elstead. Tattsfield. Puttenham. Shalford. Mitcham. Carshalton Frimley. Thorpe. Send. Tooting. Reigate. Coulsdon. From 1000l. to 11007. None. Horsell. Titsey. St. Thomas, South- Walton-on-the-Hill. St. Saviour's, South- Merton. St. Ann's, Wands- Pirbright. Tandridge. wark. worth. Thames Ditton. Witley with Thurs- Walton-on-Thames. ley. Wonersh. Woodmanston. wark. Oxtead. Shere. St. Luke's, Norwood. Stoke D'Abernon. St. James, Bermond- Warlingham. From 1100l. to 1200l. St. Olave's, South- wark. Weybridge. Woking. sey. Windlesham. From 100l. to 2001. East Betchworth. Bisley. Little Bookham. Byfleet. Chobham. East Clandon. West Clandon. Cobham. From 2001. to 3001. Addington. Alfold. Caterham. Chaldon. St. John's, Richmond Witley. St. Andrew's, Ham. St. John's, Waterloo Road. From 400l. to 500l. Sutton. St. Martha's, Brixton From 7001. to 8001. Cranley. Streatham. From 1200l. to 13007. From 300l. to 4007. Banstead. Abinger. Albury. Ash. From 500l. to 6007. Rotherhithe. Beddington. Clapham. Bermondsey. Great Bookham. Ashtead. Chidingfold. Buckland. Dorking. Egham. Chertsey. Long Ditton. Limpsfold. St. George's, South- wark. Worplesdon. St. Mark's, Kenning- Camberwell. Above 1300l. Compton. Dunsfold. Nutfield. ton. Lambeth. PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION. 281 NOTICES OF THE PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION OF THE COUNTY OF SURREY. TWO-FOLD DIVISION OF THE COUNTY UNDER THE REFORM LIST OF KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE FROM THE YEAR ACTS OF 1832. 1796 TO 1841. "1 The county of Surrey, doubtless, sent delegates to the Parliaments, or National Councils, as early, at least, as the reign of Henry the Third; when mandates were repeatedly directed to the Sheriffs throughout England, relative to sending knights to such parliaments, as representatives of their several counties. Thus, in 1255, (38th of Henry III.) the Sheriff of each county was ordered "to cause to come before the King's Council, at Westminster, on the fifteenth day after Easter, two good and discreet Knights of his county, whom the men of the county should have chosen for this purpose.' And again, at the memorable parliament convened through the influence of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, in 1265, two knights from every county were summoned, together with two citizens or burgesses, from every city and borough; the latter of whom are supposed to have then sat in parliament for the first time. In the earlier part of the reign of Edward the First, several national councils were assembled; but the first returns of members for the County of Surrey, now extant, are for the eighteenth year of that king's reign (1290); when, in a parliament summoned to meet at "Westminster, in three weeks of the Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist," Roulandus de Acstede, and Willm. Ambesaz, were returned.' Eight parliaments, subsequently, were assembled in the reign of the same king; and the names of the knights of the shire for Surrey in those parliaments are recorded. In ancient times, all members of the House of Commons were obliged to find manucaptors or sureties for the performance of their duty; and their constituents paid them salaries or wages, according to the length of time during which they were employed in the public. service. Perhaps the earliest record relative to such a payment, in regard to Surrey, occurs in 1301; when a parliament was held at Lincoln; and on the roll is a "Writ de Expensis" for the knights, "John de Burstowe, and John de Hammes." The same persons, apparently, "John de Hamme and John de Brystowe,” were members 1 ¹ APPENDIX to Report of the Lords' Committees on the DIGNITY OF THE PEERAGE : No. I. Part i. p. 13. 2 In the List of Knights of the Shire, given by Mr. Manning, (SURREY, vol. i. Introd. p. liii.) the names of Henry Husee and William de Echingham are inserted, instead of those in the text, which are taken from the Parliamentary Writs, published by Sir Francis Palgrave. Manning quotes, as his authority, MS. Browne Willis. Cada na ang Yipta koki kukativoiva VOL. I. 00 282 HISTORY OF SURREY. for the county in 1215, (8th of Edward II.) when the parliament met at Westminster—"in eight days of St. Hilary;" and the two knights were paid for their attendance "from the return-day until Sunday next before the feast of St. Gregory the Pope, 9 March, £19. 4. 0, at the rate of four shillings each, per diem, together with their charges coming and returning." From other records it appears, that the daily allowance of the county members varied from three to five shillings. The citizens and burgesses were, also, paid for their time; but at a lower rate. From the beginning of the reign of Edward the Second, the returns appear to have been regularly made; and with few exceptions, they are extant to the time of Edward the Fourth: but from the seven- teenth year of that king's reign to the first of Edward the Sixth, the writs, indentures, and returns, are all lost, except an imperfect bundle of the thirty-third of Henry the Eighth. From the beginning of the reign of Edward the Sixth to the restoration of Charles the Second, the names of the members for Surrey are preserved in the "Notitia Parliamentaria” of the learned antiquary, Browne Willis; those of a subsequent date 'are contained in the "Parliamentary History of England," and various other publications. On the Union with Ireland in the year 1800, the same par- liament which enacted that measure, and which had been sum- moned in 1796, was constituted the first Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. That parliament was dissolved in June, 1802; and the second Imperial parliament assembled in the same year: the parliament now sitting, is the thirteenth which has been held since the union. In the year 1832, a great change was effected in Parliamentary affairs, by the celebrated Act of the 2nd of William IV. cap. 45; popularly called the Reform Act; but which is merely intituled "An Act to Amend the Representation of the People in England and Wales." By that statute it was enacted, (section xiv. and schedule F.) that the county of Surrey should in future be represented by four Knights of the Shire, instead of two only (as it previously had been); that the County should be arranged in two divisions—each division to be represented by two Knights of the Shire; "and that such Knights shall be chosen in the same Manner, and by the same Classes and Descriptions of Voters, and in respect to the same several Rights of Voting, as if each of the said Divisions were a separate County." Under the authority of that Act, and of a subsequent one passed in the same year, (2nd and 3rd of Wm. IV. cap. 64) LIST OF COUNTY MEMBERS. 283 by which its provisions were more effectually carried out, the elections for the county representatives of Surrey are now conducted.' Mr. Manning's list of Members is continued to 1802; and the following comprises all the representatives of the county of Surrey, from the year 1796, to the present time. GEORGE THE THIRD. Sir JOHN FREDERICK, of Burwood, bart. Sir J. FREDERICK. Sir J. FREDERICK. SAMUEL THORNTON, of Al- GEORGE HOLME SUMNER, of Hatchlands, 1796. Lord WILLIAM RUSSELL.. July 12, 1802. Lord W. RUSSELL. Dec. 1806. Lord W. RUSSELL. • 1807. bury, esq. Oct. 1812. 1814. G. H. SUMNER, esq. . Aug. 4, 1818. G. H. SUMNER, esq... near Guildford, esq. Sir THOMAS SUTTON, of Moulsey, bart. SAMUEL THORNTON, esq. (in the place of Sir T. Sutton, dec.) WILLIAM JOSEPH DENISON, of Denbies, near Dorking, esq. GEORGE THE FOURTH. G. H. SUMNER, esq.. W. J. DENISON, esq. WILLIAM W. J. DENISON, esq.. W. J. DENISON, esq. W. J. DENISON, esq. CHAS. NICHOLAS PALMER, of Norbiton, esq. THE FOURTH. JOHN IVATT BRISCOE, of Chertsey, esq. J. I. BRISCOE, esq. April 21, 1820. July 25. 1826. Sept. 14. 1830. June 14, 1831. Eastern Division. J. I. BRISCOE, esq. AUBREY WILLIAM BEAUCLERK, esq. Jan. 29, 1833. Western Division. W. J. DENISOn, esq. JOHN LEECH, of Lea, esq. Eastern Division. Feb. 19, 1835. A. W. BEAUCLERK, esq... Capt. RICHARD ALSAGER, of Tooting. {W. J. DENISON, W. J. DENISON, esq. Western Division. CHARLES BARCLAY, of Bury Hill, esq. VICTORIA THE FIRST. Eastern Division. Capt. RICHARD ALSAGER. HENRY Kemble, esq. Nov. 15, 1837. Western Division. W. J. DENISON, esq.. ·· Hon. G. J. PERCEVAL, Captain R.N. JOHN TROTTER, of Horton Place, esq. 3 In the Act of the second and third of William IV. cap. 64, which was consequent upon that generally denominated the Reform Act, it was enacted, "That the Two Divisions of the County of SURREY shall respectively be called the Eastern Division and the Western Division; and that such Eastern Division shall include the whole of the several Hundreds of BRIXTON, KINGSTON, REIGATE, TANDRIDGE, and WALLINGTON; and that such Western Division shall include the whole of the several Hundreds of BLACK- HEATH, COPTHORNE, EFFINGHAM, ELMBRIDGE, FARNHAM, GODALMING, GODLEY and CHERTSEY, WOKING, and WOTTON; and that the Court for the Election of Knights of the Shire [or County Members] shall be held for such Eastern Division at the Town of Croydon; and for such Western Division at the Borough of Guildford.”—By the same Act (schedule N.) the places for taking the Poll for the Knights of the Shire were fixed, for the Eastern Division, at Croydon, Reigate, Camberwell, and Kingston; and for the Western Division, at Guildford, Dorking, and Chertsey. This gentleman died on the 19th of January, 1841. 00 2 284 HISTORY OF SURREY. HUNDRED OF WOKING. The HUNDRED OF WOKING is bounded on the north by those of Godley and Elmbridge, exclusive of the parish of Windlesham, which forms a detached portion surrounded by Godley hundred except on the north, where it borders on Berkshire. On the east, this hundred adjoins Elmbridge and Effingham: on the south, it is bounded by the hundreds of Blackheath, Godalming, and Farnham: and on the west, partly by Hampshire, and partly by the hundred of Godley. This hundred is intersected by the river Wey and its branches, on the western side; and the Basingstoke canal passes through it: nearly in the same direction, also, it is crossed by the Southampton railroad. Woking hundred belonged to the crown until the time of James the First, who, in the eighteenth year of his reign granted it, together with the hundred of Blackheath, and several estates in this and other hundreds, to Sir Edward Zouch, of Woking, knt. and his heirs male.— Sir Edward was the Marshal of the royal household, and the King, by his letters patent, dated on the 13th of November, in the above year, granted him this property, by the following service, namely;—" That he the said Sir Edward Zouch, on the feast of St. James next ensuing, (and every heir male of him the said Edward, and every heir in remainder, as they should severally succeed, on the feast of St. James next after he should succeed) should carry up the first Dish to the King's table, and that of his successors, at dinner on that day, where- soever he should be within the realm of England; and, at the same. time, should pay one hundred pounds of coined gold of the coin of the realm of England, in lieu and satisfaction of all Wardships and other services whatsover." After the failure of the heirs male of the Zouch family, in the year 1708, the property thus held was sold by the representatives of Barbara, duchess of Cleveland, (to whom the reversionary right had devolved in virtue of a grant to that licentious woman by her equally depraved paramour, Charles the Second,) to John Walter, esq. of Busbridge, in Godalming;—and it has since passed through the same hands as the manor of Woking, to its present proprietor, Arthur George, third earl of Onslow." ¹ Manning's SURREY, vol. i. p. 123. 2 Vide account of the parish of Woking.—In the following pages, after Guildford, the county town, has been described, the respective parishes in each division of the hundred of Woking will be treated of in alphabetical order. SUPPOSED ORIGIN OF GUILDFORD. 285 GUILDFORD :-TOWN AND BOROUGH. DIORD UILDFORD is situated in the western division of the county of Surrey, locally within the hundred of Woking, and at nearly the distance of thirty miles south-west of London. The name of this place has been variously written, as Geldeford, Guldeford, Gildeford, and Guildford;' which last mode of spelling has been most usually adopted, and is now the established orthography. This appellation appears to be derived from the Saxon term Gild, or Guild, a trading company or fraternity, and Ford, a passage through a river; the town being situated on the banks of the Wey, which flows in a narrow channel along the rift in the chalk-hills. Nothing certain is known concerning the origin of this town, or the period when it was founded. Mr. Long supposes it to have existed in the time when the Romans governed Britain; and that it was the site of that much-disputed station, the Noviomagus of the Regni. His principal reason for this opinion is, that Noviomagus, or as Ptolemy styles it, Nœomagus, being the capital of the Regni, it "was probably where the capital town of Guildford now stands, according to the general custom observed of towns retaining their pre-eminence.' For the following conjectural remarks on the remote existence of this town we are indebted to Mr. Puttock, of Epsom.-" So much of the town of Guildford as lies on the western side of the river Wey is known as the hamlet or vill of Artington, or, as otherwise written, Ertingdon, &c. This spot, according to tradition, was anciently the principal part of the town; and there are remains found here, shewing, in some degree, the site of a station in the time of the Romans. Believing such to be the case, I take Artington to have been the town, or station, of Ardaoneon mentioned in that confused list of ¹ Skinner, in his Etymologicon Onomasticon, attached to his "Etymolog. Ling. An- glicana" (sub voce), has this passage-"Guildford, in Com. Surr. A.S. Luldford, Legldford; nisi, teste Camden, accepissem sic olim scriptum fuisse, deflecterem vel à Goldenford, q. d. Vadum Aureum, vel q.d. Vadum Societatis vel Fraternitatis; Lild enim A. S. Fraternitatem seu Collegium signat." 2 OBSERVATIONS ON ROMAN ROADS, p. 41, note.-Humphrey Lluyd was also of opinion, that Guildford was the Noviomagus of Antoninus. Vide FRAGM. DESCRIPT. BRITAN. 286 HISTORY OF SURREY. towns, cities, &c. attributed to some anonymous Geographer of Ravenna. The generally-received etymology of Guildford (as given by Mr. Manning) I cannot subscribe to ; but think the name is derived from some British word, prefixed to the Saxon term 'Ford,' expressing conjointly, the Ford at the end of the back or ridge (that is, the well- known ridge of hills called the Hogsback). This conjecture may, at first sight, seem absurd; but I believe it would not be found void of foundation, if the subject were properly investigated. "If the town or station Armis (which stands in the above men- tioned list, next preceding Ardaoneon, and after Venta Belgarum— Winchester), be hereafter discovered to have been at Alton (the name of which is evidence of its antiquity), any doubt I have as to Guild- ford, or rather Artington, being the Ardaoneon of the Romans, will be removed. I am led to the conclusion, that in the latter period of the Roman Empire in Britain, Guildford and Alton (Ardaoneon and Armis) were the two principal stations on the then road from London to Winchester. The known antiquity of Guildford, especially of that part of it on the western side of the river, is some confirmation of the opinions I have expressed above.” The earliest notice of Guildford by name occurs in the will of King Alfred the Great; in which he bequeaths it to his nephew Ethelwald; whence it appears, that at the close of the ninth century this place must have formed a part of the personal estate of the West-Saxon monarch; for had it belonged to the crown, it could hardly have been made the object of a testamentary gift. Ethelwald having excited a rebellion against the son and successor of Alfred, which terminated in his death, Guildford fell into the hands of his rival, King Edward, and was probably thenceforth reckoned among the crown- lands, or demesnes. It has been supposed, that the Anglo-Saxon kings resided here; for which statement, however, there seems to be no sufficient authority :-and no mention of such residence has been found in any of our ancient chronicles. 3 Shortly before the middle of the eleventh century, and either in the reign of Hardicanute or of Harold his successor, Guildford, according to several of our old chroniclers, became the scene of a most direful massacre, the treacherous contrivance of which is mainly attributed to the celebrated Godwin, earl of Kent;-yet there is so much contradiction among the different authors who relate this story, that the truth will, possibly, never be developed. The general facts connected with this mysterious portion of our annals are thus 3 "That Alfred, or any of our Saxon Princes ever made it the place of their residence, as Speed affirms, I find no good authority for supposing."-Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 7. TREACHERY OF EARL GODWIN. 287 narrated in the Latin Chronicle attributed to John Brompton, abbot of Jerveaux in Yorkshire, which was compiled about the end of the twelfth century, in the reign of Richard Coeur de Lion. “After the death of Hardiknute the Nobility or Chieftains [Proce- res] of England, freed from the dominion of the Danes, gladly sent mes- sengers for Alfred, the eldest son of King Ethelred, and for his brother Edward, who were staying in Normandy, that they might raise Alfred to the throne of the kingdom: informing them [the royal brothers] that they might come without hazard, for that Hardiknute being dead, all the Danes were expelled from the kingdom, and banished for ever. But Earl Godwin, who had married the daughter of Knute by his first wife, or his mistress, and who, according to some, aspired to the crown, deceitfully planned the destruction of both the brothers as soon as they arrived; in order that thus he might advance to the throne of England his son Harold whom he had by the daughter of Knute. Some Histories assert that Godwin, who was a brave com- mander, and also a cruel traitor, foreseeing that he might not be able to prevail on Alfred, who possessed strength of character, by any means to espouse his daughter, on that account he disliked him, and treacherously sought to kill him, that thus he might make way for the elevation of his younger brother Edward, of a more pliable disposition, whom he could more easily persuade to marry his daughter. "The messengers arriving in Normandy, found only the elder brother Alfred; for his brother Edward had gone into Hungary, to visit his kinsman Edward the Exile, the son of King Edward Ironside. Alfred therefore hearing of the death of Hardiknute, and the banish- ment of the Danes, gave thanks to God, and prepared with all speed to pass over the sea to England. And as he was an Englishman by paternal descent, and a Norman by his mother, he took with him to England some of his maternal kindred, and many of his young comrades. Upon this, Godwin suggested to the English Nobles that Alfred had brought with him too large a body of Normans, and that he had even promised to them the lands of the English, and therefore that it would be imprudent to suffer such a band of crafty foreigners to settle among them. After this intimation, the treacherous Godwin immediately proceeded to Southampton, where Alfred had landed and where he still remained; and having found him there, as if delighted at his arrival, he said to him-'I will safely and securely conduct you to London, where the great men of the kingdom are awaiting your coming, that they may raise you to the throne.' "Whereupon proceeding together towards London, going over 288 HISTORY OF SURREY. 4 Guldesdoune, the traitorous Godwin said to Alfred-Look around on the right hand and on the left, and behold what a realm will be subject to your dominion.' Alfred, giving thanks to God, then faithfully promised that if he should be crowned king he would institute such laws as would be pleasing and acceptable to God and men.-Previously to this, Godwin had secretly given directions to his men that, in passing over Guldesdoune, they should seize Alfred and all the Normans who accompanied him and bind them. These being deceitfully captured and bound, nine out of every ten were by divers means put to death, the tenth remaining, or being left at Guldeford. But when all the Normans except one tenth of their number had been destroyed, the number left was so considerable, that the tenth first preserved was again decimated, so that few escaped. For alas! twelve gentlemen [generosos homines] who came with Alfred from Normandy, among the rest were cruelly massacred; and Alfred, himself was deprived of his eyes at Gillingham. Then leading him to the monastery of Ely, according to some, they delivered him into the custody of the Monks, where for a short time being kept on a diet of bread, amidst unheard of torments, his miserable life terminated. "Indeed some say, that the beginning of his bowels being drawn out through an opening at his navel, and tied to a stake, he was driven in circles, with iron goads, till the latter parts of the entrails [viscera] were extracted: and thus through the treachery of Godwin, Alfred died at Ely. When the Nobles of England, who were not consenting to the treason of Godwin, had heard how Alfred had been betrayed, and taken off by an abominable death, they began to be sorrowful among themselves, swearing that Godwin should suffer a more cruel fate than even had Earl Edric, who treacherously killed his Lord and natural sovereign Edmund Ironside. And they would have seized him, but he fled immediately into Denmark, and remained concealed there four years, his lands, rents, goods, and chattels in England, in the mean time, being confiscated. "However, some Historians assert that Alfred was not killed at the time above stated, but in the time of the above-mentioned King Harold [the 1st]. For they say that Edward, the brother of Alfred, being displeased that Harold reigned in England, went with 40 ships, and a numerous body of Normans, and landed at Southampton, but the English opposing him, after taking spoil, he returned to Normandy. At which time the said Alfred with a multitude of troops entered another part of the country, and being received as a guest by Godwin, 4 Guild-down is the appellation of the eastern ascent of the chalk range forming the remarkable ridge called the Hogsback. UNIV WICH OF TREACHERY OF EARL GODWIN. 289 in the night he was by him deceitfully seized, and then bound, with his companions, and sent to King Harold, deprived of his eyes, and his companions destroyed. CC Again, others state that Alfred was put to death in the time of King Hardiknute: for they say, that when Hardiknute had recalled his mother Emma, from exile in Flanders, to England, the said Alfred and Edward, sons of the before-mentioned King Ethelred and Emma, after a long stay in Normandy, taking with them many Norman soldiers, went to Winchester to confer with their mother Emma: that the said Earl Godwin, dissatisfied at this, seized Alfred, put him in fetters, abused his companions, some of whom he blinded, some he mutilated, and some he tortured by tearing off the skin from their heads, and all, for the most part, as before mentioned, he put to death at Guldeford: but Alfred was sent to the Isle of Ely, where he ordered that he should first be deprived of his eyes, and being then delivered into the custody of the monks, and as above said tortured, he survived but a few days. On hearing this, Queen Emma sent back her son Edward hastily to Normandy. "Some yet say, that she was consenting to the death of her son Alfred, and that she procured poison for Edward, as subsequently, in the time of the same Edward appeared, to the reproach of that Queen. Hence, they add, that on account of the death of Alfred great anger arose against King Hardiknute, (with whose connivance it is said to have been caused,) and against the said Godwin; but that Godwin vindicated himself [se purgavit] before the princes of England, as having consented to the death of Alfred, only because he was compelled by the power of the King. And although, as above written, Alfred is stated to have been betrayed and destroyed by Godwin, in different ways, and at different periods, yet from the most veritable Chronicles it may be concluded, as most probable, that he died at Ely, as above described, after the death of Hardiknute; and that Godwin, considered guilty of having betrayed him, fled to Den- mark, to escape being taken and punished.” In other accounts it is stated, that Earl Godwin, having conducted Alfred and his company to Guildford, billeted the strangers, in small parties of tens and twenties, in different houses of the town where there was plenty of meat and drink prepared in every lodging, which rendered them totally unsuspicious of the dreadful fate which awaited them. But in the night, while disarmed and enwrapt in sleep, they were suddenly seized and bound by the king's (Harold) forces; and on the following morning, with the exception of every tenth man, 5 Vide HIST. ANGLICAN. Decem. Scriptores, col. 934-936. VOL. I. PP 290 HISTORY OF SURREY. were all barbarously tortured and put to death;—Alfred, himself, being reserved for the more cruel fate related in Brompton's narrative of this inhuman transaction;-unless, indeed, that account be merely the exaggerated offspring of monkish credulity. In the annexed translation from the returns inserted in the DOMES- DAY BOOK, will be found the most authentic particulars of the former state of Guildford which are upon record. "Land of the King. In Woking Hundred. 6 "In Gildeford King William hath 75 houses, or messuages, [hagas,] in which reside 175 men. In the time of King Edward the houses yielded 18 pounds and 3 pence: now they are valued at 30 pounds, and yet they yield 32 pounds.—Ranulf the Clerk hath 3 of the above-mentioned houses, wherein dwell 6 men; and thence the same Ranulf hath sac and soc, unless the general taxation comes upon the town, from which there is no exemption. If a man of his in the town becomes a delinquent, and escapes without surety, the king's bailiff thence hath nothing: but if the accused be found there without surety, then amends must be made to the King. The Archbishop Stigand held these houses on the same terms. Ranulf the Sheriff holds 1 house, which he has hitherto held of [Odo] the Bishop of Bayeux. However the men, or homagers, testify that it does not appertain to any manor; but that he who held it in the time of King Edward surrendered it to Tovi, bailiff of the town, as a satisfaction for a penalty which he had incurred. There is another house which the bailiff of the Bishop of Bayeux holds, as of the manor of Bronlei. Of this the men or Jury of the county say that he hath no right there, except because the bailiff of the town gave reception to a certain widow to whom the house belonged; and hereupon the Bishop transferred the house to his own manor; and hitherto the King hath lost the customary rent, and the Bishop hath it. "The sworn homagers also say as to another house, lying in Brunlei, that the Bailiff of that vill [township], solely because the man who had that house was a friend of his, on the death of that man trans- fered the house to the manor of Bronlei. "Waleram' also disseised a certain man of a house from which King Edward had the customary duty. Otbert holds it now with the 6 This Clerk was Ranulf Flambard, afterwards Bishop of Durham, and Prime Minister of William Rufus. The houses belonging to him at Guildford, appertained to the Church of Godalming, which Ranulf held of the King at the time of the survey. Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 10. This person is supposed to have been the Bishop of Bayeux's bailiff of the manor of Bronlei [Bramley]. ANCIENT STATE OF GUILDFORD. 291 customs, as he says by grant from K. William. Robert de Watevile holds one house which yielded all custom in the time of King Edward; now, it yields nothing.' "" The town and manor of Guildford were included among the demesnes of the Crown in the time of King Edward the Confessor, as we learn from the Domesday Book; and the property appertained to King William at the time of the survey; although it appears that Ranulf Flambard, (afterwards the minister of William Rufus,) Odo, bishop of Baieux, and Robert de Watevile, had obtained possession of several tenements. The ancient Castle, of which the keep remains standing, was probably erected soon after the Norman Conquest. Though this structure, as well as the chief part of the present town, is situated on the eastern side of the river, yet an opinion has been entertained, founded on tradition, that the town originally stood on the western side. Mr. Manning states it as probable—“ that, at the time of the General Survey, the Tenements mentioned in the Domesday Book, constituting the antient town of Guildford, were situate on the western side of the river;-that the Castle was erected on the eastern, as the only spot capable of receiving it;—that in process of time, as the occasions of the new Fortress induced people to settle in its neigh- bourhood, Houses were gradually built in the void space above and below it, by the Testard family, to whom the lands on that side had been granted, and who also erected the two churches of Trinity and St. Mary, for their Tenants;—and that on the demolition of the forti- fications and outworks of the Castle, (whenever that happened,) the present High Street arose out of the materials furnished from the ruins. And this opinion is farther countenanced by names still in use here: the road on the western side of the river, leading to Catherine Hill, being at this day called the Bury, i. e. Burgh Lane, as having probably been the Borough, or main Street; and the adjoining fields, formerly occupied by other houses, gardens, &c. of the inhabitants, the Bury or Burgh Fields." The territorial demesnes of the crown at Guildford were subjected to considerable dismemberments not long after the compilation of the Domesday Book; yet the kings of England still retained property here until the reign of James the First. But before we proceed to any further notice of the manorial history of this place, it may be proper to mention the few events of local importance concerning it, which have been recorded. In 1224, when the troops of King Henry the Third were employed in besieging the castle of Bedford, belonging to Fulk de Breaute, or * Manning and Bray, SURREY, vol. i. p. 12. PP 2 292 HISTORY OF SURREY. Brent, a rebellious baron," the men of Guildford formed a portion of the royal army; but they obtained a license to quit the service, and return home, on paying a fine of forty shillings to the king." In the thirtieth year of the reign of Henry the Third (1246) several persons had made arrangements for holding a Tournament at Guildford, on the Monday after the octave of the close of Easter; but the king suspected that under the pretext of a social meeting of nobles and knights for what was styled a gentle passage of arms, some of those who were dissatisfied with the conduct of government might assemble to form schemes for the purpose of limiting his power, or obliging him to change his ministers. He therefore issued a writ under the great seal, dated Merton, April 12, 1246, prohibiting the intended meeting, and ordering that no one should tourney, bordier, or perform any feats of arms, at Guildford, or elsewhere, or at any time, without the king's special license;—and Walter Giffard, abbot of Waverley, and the Prior of Newark, were enjoined to see that this mandate should be obeyed." About the fifty-second year of the reign of Henry the Third, certain Water-mills belonging to the crown at Guildford were removed from their ancient site to a place lower down the river, near the park gate; to the prejudice, as it was alleged, of the Abbess of Wherwell, Robert de Gatton, and others, who had a mill on the west side of the river, near the church of St. Nicholas; and of Sir Richard Testard, who had a mill on the opposite side of the river; because, whenever the king's mills were not worked, the mills of the complainants were rendered useless for the time, by the head of water occasioned by the obstruction of the current. On complaint being made, the king gave to the abbess of Wherwell fifty marcs sterling, in satisfaction of her damage; and different sums were paid to other parties, on the same account. Soon after, the management of the king's mills was com- mitted to four of the inhabitants of the town, for the further satisfac- tion of the complainants. All this, however, did not properly remedy the evil; the king, therefore, at length demised his mills in fee to Testard and another of the plaintiffs,—to be holden by them and their heirs for ever, of the crown, at the annual rent of twenty marcs; with permission to remove the mills to their former situation; and a pro- hibition against the erection of any other mills at Guildford to their detriment. The persons interested, instead of removing the king's ⁹ See before, p. 77, account of the Earls of Warren and Surrey. 10" Nova Oblata: Homines de Geldeford r. c. de xl. s., pro habenda licentia eundi versus partes suas ab exercitu Bedfordia"-MAGN. ROT. 9 Hen. III. Rot. 3 a. Surreya. 11 ROT. PATENT. 30 Hen. III. PAYMENTS TO REPRESENTATIVES. 293 mills, suffered them to decay; and deriving no profit from them, with- held the stipulated rent. The royal officers distrained the goods of the defaulters; but on a representation of the case to the king, he remitted his dues; and the mills, being entirely disused and neglected, became ruinous.¹º From a mandate addressed to the Sheriff of Surrey, preserved among the records called "Originalia," it appears that Henry the Third was engaged in the commerce of wines, and kept them at Guildford, probably in the vaults of the castle. These wines may have been the produce of vineyards on his own estates, in his foreign dominions, Gascony and Poictou. The royal wine-merchant was anxious to make the most of his regal authority to dispose of his merchandize in the most advantageous manner; for he issued an order to the Sheriff of Surrey and Peter of London, clerk, (who was pro- bably his agent,) to sell forthwith the king's wines which were for sale at Guildford; and that they should permit no other wines to be sold in the bailiwick of Surrey till those were disposed of. The money arising from the sale was to be paid into the king's wardrobe.¹ The privilege of sending members to Parliament has belonged to the Borough of Guildford ever since the reign of Edward the First." The right of election, previously to the passing of the Reform bill, was vested in the freemen and freeholders of the borough, "paying scot and lot,” and resiant within the same. 15 The late Rev. Thos. Russell (a native of Guildford, and rector of West Clandon,) published a series of extracts from an ancient manu- script, called the "Black Book," " belonging to the Corporation, transcribed by George Austen, probably in the latter part of the seven- teenth century. Among these historical memoranda relating to the town is one stating the amount of wages paid to the representatives of the borough, who attended the parliament held at Westminster, in the 35th year of Edward the Third. They stayed there twenty-eight days; for which they were remunerated at the rate of twelve-pence a day. The expenses of the burgesses, Walter Wodeland and Roger Lumbard, at the parliament held in the thirty-seventh of Edward the Third, amounted in all to 47. 4s.; and having received a payment, in 12 ESCHEAT. 7 Edw. I. n. 73. 13 “Mandatum est Vicecom. Surr. quod una cum Petro de London. Clerico, intromittat se quod Vina Regis quæ sunt vendenda apud Guldeford vendantur. Et quod non per- mittant aliqua Vina vendi in Balliva sua, quousque prædicta Vina vendantur. Et denarios inde provenientes salvo venire faciant in Garderobam Regis.”—ABBREVIATIO Rotular. ORIGINAL. vol. i. p. 11. 34 Hen. III. See Manning and Bray, SURREY, vol. i. pp. 42-6, for a list of the Members of Parliament for Guildford, from 23 Edw. I. to 42 Geo. III. 15 In his HISTORY OF GUILDFORD; enlarged edit.; 1801: pp. 187*-206*. 294 HISTORY OF SURREY. part, of 39s. 6d. on the Sunday after the festival of Corpus Christi, they made a donation to the county of 13s. 4d. for the repair of the Shire hall.¹6 In the seventeenth year of the reign of Richard the Second, "Robert at Mull [Mill] of Guildford, and Alice his wife, petitioned parliament for a grant of the king's pardon; alleging that they had been wrongfully condemned for taking the sum of 700l. treasure-trove, at Guildford." The petitioners were directed to apply to the king; as the subject of their suit was not within the jurisdiction of the parliament. Shews of Bull-baiting were provided for the amusement of the populace of Guildford, under the sanction of the Corporation, as early, at least, as the reign of Edward the Third. There are several memoranda in the Black Book, whence it appears to have been cus- tomary for every person, on becoming a member of the corporation, to provide a breakfast for his brethren, and a bull to be baited. In the sixth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth, several persons were "elected to bayt the bull," on Monday after the feast of St. Martin, or else to pay a penalty of 20s. each.” The cruel sport of bull-baiting is reported to have been introduced into England by one of the Earls of Surrey: for we are told that William de Warren, earl of Surrey, and lord of Stamford, in the county of Lincoln, the son and successor of Hamelin Plantagenet, being at his castle at Stamford, saw from the walls of that fortress, two bulls in the castle-meadow fighting for a cow, till they were attacked by all the butchers' dogs; who at length drove one of the bulls, rendered furious by the noise and tumult, through the streets of the town. The Earl was so delighted with the spectacle afforded by the battle and the subsequent chase, that he granted the meadow where the fight began in common, after the first grass had been mowed, to the butchers of Stamford, on condition that they should furnish a mad or fierce bull to be baited annually, on the day six weeks before Christmas day, for the continuance of the sport in perpetuity." Although it is hardly probable that the practice of bull-baiting arose from this circumstance; yet, the patronage of this sport at Stamford, by the Earl of Surrey, seems to be sufficiently authenticated; and, perhaps the same nobleman may have endeavoured to render it fashionable in the county with which he was more immediately con- nected; and, directly or indirectly, he may have contributed to the introduction of the custom above mentioned at Guildford. 10 Russell, HISTORY OF Guildford, p. 193. 18 Banks, Extinct Baronage of England, vol. iii. p. 690. 17 Id. p. 196. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 295 An Act of Parliament was passed in the twenty-sixth year of Henry the Eighth, for the establishment of twenty-six Suffragan Bishops; It and Guildford was one of the places fixed on for the new sees." is uncertain whether any appointment for Guildford took place. Pro- bably there was no appointment; for the institution being afterwards considered as unnecessary, the scheme was abandoned. In the reign of Henry the Eighth, and perhaps much earlier, some social amusement seems to have prevailed at Guildford, like the May-games, with the rural king and queen, and their train; or the Christmas frolics of the Lord of Misrule, and his followers. This may be inferred from the following memorandum, extracted from the "Constitution Book" at Guildford :-" This composition made at the kinges greate law-daye here holden before John Parvyshe the mayor, and his brethern, the 28th yeare of the raigne of kynge Henry the viijth, that is to saye, if eny yonge man, or yonge men, shall from hensforth be chosen by the hole consent of this towne and parishioners of the same to become kings, princes, and swerde berers. And yf the said yonge men refuse to take upon them so to be for the tyme beinge, that then the kynges so chosen shall lose to the churches where they be parishioners, v shillings at his or their owne proper costs and expenses in eny parishe of this said towne; and the prynce to lose to the churche where he or they be parishioners of ij.s. iiij.d., and the swerde berer xxd." At the election of the Mayor, on the leet-day, in the thirtieth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth, several persons were nominated to serve the king in his wars, if they should be called upon. Arms, offensive and defensive, were to be provided, and kept in readiness for use. At the head of the list stands the name of the mayor, John Daborne, sen. who had a harness in his own hands, with a bill; and several of the men were furnished with the same kind of arms; but others were armed to serve as archers or bowmen." Probably, these arrangements were made in consequence of the alarm excited by a conspiracy alleged to have been formed for the purpose of raising Reginald (afterwards Cardinal) Pole to the throne; for which, Henry Courtney, marquis of Exeter, and other persons of distinction were executed in 1539. Stow, after mentioning these executions, says— King Henry sent forth commissions to have generall musters taken through the realme, to understand what able men he might make account of; and further to have the armour and weapons seene and 19 STATUTES AT LARGE: 26 Hen. VIII. c. 14. 20 Russell, HISTORY OF GUILDFORD, p. 188. 21 Id. p. 188-191. 296 HISTORY OF SURREY. viewed.” 22 He also adopted other measures for the defence of the sea-coasts, and the safety of the kingdom, being apprehensive of foreign invasion. The alarm, however, seems to have been groundless. In the first year of the reign of Edward the Sixth, the leet-jury at Guildford presented S. Symonds, curate of St. Nicholas, "as a letter of men to rede in the byble from tyme to tyme, contrary to the king's majesties injunctions."" This complaint against the clergyman, for letting or preventing the indiscriminate reading of the Scriptures by persons of all classes, was not the only manifestation of an inclination for puritanism exhibited by the public authorities at Guildford. For, the king in council having issued an injunction, purporting that all men who attended divine service "shall not departe the church, but tarry and here the homylies and injunctions red;" yet it was observed, that there was less appearance at the reading than had ever been before, "which thinge cannot be but by reason of coman ale-house keepers, which detayne mens servannts and other pore men in the tyme of such redinge, to the greate sclannder of the towne,"-" for reformation whereof yt may be enacted at this daye, that there shall be in every parishe one bedle to be sworne;" whose duty it became, during divine service on Sundays and holidays, to visit the inns and ale-houses; and if they should find "eny pore people or mens servants there etinge, or drinkinge, or syttinge idelye in the tyme of service at church, the keper of such house or houses shall lose and forfeyt at every time so taken etinge, drinkinge, or settinge idely vjd., wherof ijd. shall be to the bedle, and iiijd. residue to the pore mens box of that parishe where suche yll rule ys founde." The offending parties were, also, to be presented to the mayor." The municipal authorities of Guildford endeavoured, also, to compel the people to a pharisaical observance of the Lord's-day. In the fourth year of King Edward's reign, persons were appointed to put down the name of every barber who should shave, or trim, any man on the Sabbath in service-time; and of every butcher who should sell any flesh after the last peal to matins; at the same time, clothiers were forbidden to set any cloth, artificers to buy or sell, on Sundays; and it is added,—“no myll to goo in the service or sermond tyme, upon the payne that by the said sworne men shall be deputed, and by mr. mayor for the time beinge assented unto." " 22 Stow's CHRONICLE, pp. 971-2. 23 Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 194: from the Constitution Book. 24 Id. pp. 193-4. 25 Id. p. 198. the foregoing.- In the same record are the following memoranda, of a similar date with "Anno 4. Edw. vi. At this daye was punnyshed, by carting and duckinge, Johan MUNICIPAL ENACTMENTS. 297 The proceedings of these reformers of public morals did not escape the animadversions of their contemporaries; for in one of their memoranda they complain of slanderous and open resistance of public officers; and in another it is ordered, that if any person should openly taunt, or jest at any thing done by good and lawful men sworn for the maintenance of good rule, the offender shall suffer two days' im- prisonment, or be fined not less than 3s. 4d. for every offence." 26 In the fourth year of Queen Elizabeth, the plague was in the town. Probably, the disease was not very destructive; for during the time of this calamity, the market-house was erected, with a clock and dial. Mr. Elliott, the then mayor, gave a tenement at Wonersh, worth ten shillings a year," for the mayntenance and continuance of the sayd clock, for ever." 97 27 During the reign of this princess, Guildford was famous for the manufacture of woollen cloth. It must have been with a view to preserve and extend the reputation of the place, as a clothing town, that an order was made in the sixteenth of Elizabeth, that every ale- house keeper should have a sign-board, with a wool-sack painted on it, hung up at his door, under a penalty of 6s. 8d. for neglect. The board was delivered from the hall, on paying "ijs. for the same," to the hall-wardens. In the thirty-first of Elizabeth, an order was made for levying a penalty of 2s. 6d. on any innholder, taverner, &c. who should knowingly harbour or receive any servant or apprentice in his house, after nine o'clock at night, without the consent of the master or mistress, or dame, of such servant or apprentice. Municipal enactments against working on Sundays were renewed in the thirty-ninth and forty-fifth years of the same reign.** In 1644 this town was again visited by the plague; when, as appears from the parish-register of St. Nicholas, fifty persons died of it. The Wryte, the wyfe of George Wryte of Guldeford, taylor, for hurdome: By her confession. "Idem. At this daye was punyshed Philemon Peyto, the servant of John Peyto his brother, shomaker, for stelinge of apples at Merrowe-by oppen stokinge.” The punishment of ducking may be better understood by the following extracts from Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 309. "Mill Mead.—In a garden on the border of the river, at the deepest part of it, where it enters the mill, was fixed securely a strong post, about twelve feet in height." It had a long mortise not far from the top, in which a beam was held by means of a pin, so that it might be moved like a lever, and a chair was occasionally suspended from that end which hung over the water, for the more convenient "ducking of scolds." The custom has been discontinued many years. The last time the chair was taken out for use appears to have been about 1710, when one Margaret Stephen Gould, a butcher, in St. Mary's parish, "left the town through fear, she having long been a reputed scold." 26 Id. p. 197. VOL. I. 27 Id. p. 201*. 28 Id. 199. QQ servant to 298 HISTORY OF SURREY. country people, probably, were afraid to enter the town; for we are told, that the market was held in the town-field near Guildford, where foundations of buildings have repeatedly been ploughed up. As a precaution against infection at this time, the money that passed from one party to another was thrown into basons of water. 20 Several of our kings, from the time of Henry the Second, occasion- ally resided at Guildford, where they had a palace;-but long after that mansion, and the estate to which it belonged, had been alienated from the crown, Charles the Second honoured the Corporation of this borough with a formal visit, shortly after his return to England at the restoration. In September, 1660, when Thomas Horsnaile was mayor, “the joyful newes of the king's most excellent matie his comeing to this towne was brought by some of his servants; and thereupon the then mayor and company of magistrates, and other the approved men did unanimously agree to testifie their joy, loyaltie, and affection to his most sacred matie by presenting unto him a present of plate, with a banquett in the same, to the value of one hundred and fortie pounds or neere therabouts.” This loyal resolution was, accordingly, carried into execution; though the funds of the corporation were so low, "by reason of many former extraordinary disbursements," that they were obliged to borrow one hundred pounds towards the cost of the banquet and present. 80 Among the multitude of religious sectaries in England, in the reign of Charles the Second, were those who styled themselves, "Sweet Singers of Israel." Dr. Harris says, they were "a blas- phemous sect, whereof one Jacob Taylor was head, and had a con- gregation of them at Guildford, in Surrey; but was deservedly sentenced to the pillory, and Bethlem, by the Lords in parliament, in the year 1675." >> 81 In 1688, when the Prince of Orange, afterwards William the Third, landed in England, and a civil war was expected, reports were circulated in different parts of the kingdom, that a multitude of Irish- men had landed on the western coasts, who were about to massacre the Protestants of all ranks and ages. This silly rumour, it seems, spread to Guildford, and terrified the people so much, that great numbers of the women and children hid themselves in the extensive caverns, or excavations, in the chalk-hill where stand the ruins of the ancient castle. Various grants from the royal demesnes at Guildford, appear to have been made soon after the Domesday Survey; but exclusive of 29 Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 315. 30 Id. p. 214. 32 Id. p. 44. 31 Id. p. 310: from Dr. Harris's LEXICON TECHNICUM. THE KING'S MANOR AND PALACE. 299 the immediate precincts of the Castle, (of which particulars will be hereafter given,) there was a considerable estate at this place, which remained in the possession of the crown for several centuries; and it obtained, in consequence, the name of the King's Manor. Henry the Second, soon after his accession, in 1154, inclosed a large tract of land on the north side of Guild-Down for a park; and he is supposed to have erected a Palace, or mansion, in connexion with At this it, in which he sometimes resided, and kept his court. place, in 1186, he celebrated the festival of Christmas; and not long after, he gave audience to the papal legates, Cardinal Octavian, and Hugo de Nonant, bishop-elect of Coventry, who had been sent to assist in the ceremony of investing Prince John, the king's youngest son, with the sovereignty of Ireland. In the same year, the Prior and Conventual Fraternity of St. Swithin at Winchester, made their appearance before the king at Guildford, to prefer a complaint against the bishop of that see, Richard Toclive, who had retrenched the quantity or variety of the provisions for their table. Their founder had allowed them thirteen dishes, at each meal, and the bishop had reduced the number to ten. These monastic gourmands, however, met with no sympathy or favour from King Henry, who was himself temperate and abstemious in his diet; and, instead of granting them the redress they required for the alleged injury, he dismissed them with a severe reproof. Among the tenants of the royal demesne at Guildford, in the reign of Henry the Second, were some wealthy Jews. In or about the thirty-third year of his reign, that king took from the Jews, as a tallage, the fourth part of their goods and chattels; which tax was levied as a contribution towards the expense of a crusade to Palestine; for it appears, that in the first year of Richard the First, Isaac, the son of Rabbi (Ysaac filius Rabbi), fined for 2007. that he might be quit of the whole tallage which King Henry had imposed at Guild- ford, after he had taken the cross. Of that sum, 1007. was to be paid on the Sunday when the canticle "Lætare Jerusalem" was sung; and the remainder at the rate of 30l. a year, till the debt was liquidated ; 157. being payable at Michaelmas, and 157. at Easter. As the kings of England, from the time of Henry the Second, occasionally held their court at Guildford, grants of land were made here to persons as feudal tenants, for services in the royal household. Thus Edeline, or Adeline, the daughter and heiress of Ranulf de 33 Vide MAGN. ROT. 1 Ric. i. Rot. 13 b.; & 2 Ric. i. Rot. 12 b. ap. Madox, HISTORY OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. i. pp. 222, 3. QQ 2 300 HISTORY OF SURREY. Broc, being the guardian of William Testard, in the reign of Henry the Second, held possession of his lands in Guildford, (afterwards called the manor of Poyle,) by the service of being Marshal in the King's Court; and that lady having married Stephen de Turnham, he held those lands by the same service. Robert Testard, the son and heir of William, holding the same lands, in the nineteenth year of Henry the Third, is styled Keeper of the Female Servants in the Court of the Lord the King; (Custos meretricum in curia Domini Regis). Richard Testard, who inherited the family estate at Guild- ford, in the twenty-sixth of the same reign, is called Marshal in the household of the Lord the King; and it appears, that it belonged to his office to provide female servants for the household; to dismember criminals sentenced to death, or mutilation, for offences committed within the verge of the court; and to measure the gallons and bushels belonging to the same. Thomas de la Puille, or Poyle, having pur- chased the estate of Testard, held it under the same tenure. " 36 35 The Lords of the manor of Catteshill, in the parish of Godalming, seem to have shared with the Testards and Poyles in the honours of the marshalship of the royal household at Guildford. In certain records, their office is described as that of "Marshal of the twelve Girls who followed the Court of the Lord the King;"-" Marshal of the mercenary women [Meretrices] when the King came into those parts ;”—and “ Marshal of the common women following the household of the Lord the King. These females were also styled “Laun- dresses, or Washerwomen," [Lotrices"]. More discussion than the subject, perhaps, deserves, has taken place relative to the precise office and character of the females so variously denominated; and Mr. Lysons seems to have proved, that the most degrading of the designations bestowed on them was not always incorrect." But it may be con- fidently asserted, that the proper office of the Marshal of the king's household referred to was, to provide, during the residence of the court at Guildford, a sufficient number of women to do duty as laundresses, and also, generally, to serve like those who are now termed charwomen. As their employment exposed them to association with the lowest retainers of the court, it may not unreasonably be concluded, that, at a period when female chastity was but little respected among the 34 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 22; from Placit. Coron. 39 Hen. III. 35 This manor had been granted, by Henry the Second, to Ranulf de Broc, to hold by the service of “Ostiarius cameræ Regis;" and Adeline, his daughter, whilst remaining a spinster, held it by the same tenure. The manor is now called Catshall. 36 PLACIT. CORON. 25 Hen. III. 1 Dors.--Id. 19 Hen. III. and 47 Hen. III. 32 Dors. 7 Edw. I. 37 PLACIT. CORON. 39 Hen. III. 38 ARCHEOLOGIA, vol. xv. App. p. 399. < MERETRICES, AND LOTRICES. 301 higher ranks, these poor girls would often lose their reputation, whether deservedly or not; and thus the term Meretrices came to be considered as synonymous with Lotrices; whence, in records of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the terms are applied indiscrimi- nately to a certain class of female servants of the royal household. Mr. Manning, after a statement of evidence, says "What we collect from hence is, that the office of Marshal of the Household, as often as the Court resided at Guildford, was executed by the Lords of Poyle and Catteshill, who held their lands by this tenure; that they executed this office severally, their services being concurrent; that though they are styled, in different records, Marshal of the King's Court,' 'Marshal of the King's Household,' and 'Door-keeper,' or 'Usher of the King's Chamber,' their office was one and the same; it being part of the office of the Marshal of the King's Court, by himself or his deputies, to keep the door of the King's Chamber: and that it was, moreover, part of their office respectively, as often as the king came into these parts, (not otherwise therefore,) to provide women servants [young women, hired women, ordinary women, laundresses, &c.]" to perform the meaner functions of the household: also as keepers of the peace, with authority to punish faults committed within the verge of the court, to do justice upon criminals convicted within their jurisdiction: and finally, as peculiarly belonging to their office, to regulate the measures, weights, &c. by which provisions were brought into the household. And these services, probably, were exacted as long as the Court con- tinued to reside here; but from the latter end of Edward III., or shortly after, when this mansion grew into disuse, they were discon- tinued of course, as being no longer due by the conditions of the respective tenures. King John kept the festival of Easter at Guildford, in 1199; and he held his court here at Christmas, in 1201, with a display of great splendour and magnificence." He was at this place, also, in the last 39 That is, Puella, Meretrices, Communes fæminæ, Lotrices, &c. as they are called in different records of that time. 40 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 23. 41 Matt. Paris, HIST. p. 198. Roger Hoveden. ANNAL. On this occasion, as appears from Holinshed, King John "gave to his servants many fair liveries and suits of apparel.”—and "the Archbishop of Canterbury, (Hubert, who was also Lord Chancellor) did the like at Canterbury, seeming, indeed, to strive with the King, which of them should pass [surpass] the other in such sumptuous apparalling of their men; whereat the King (and not without good cause) was greatly moved to indignation against him, although for a time he coloured the same." Holinshed, CHRONICLES, vol. ii. p. 282: edit. 1807.-This endeavour to outvie each other, in the splendour of the apparel of their respective retainers, most probably, gave origin to the old Ballad of King John and the Bishop of Canterbury;' which, according to Bishop Percy, in his "Reliques of Ancient 302 HISTORY OF SURREY. year of his reign; but his visit was very transient, as he had then fled from Dover, and was proceeding to Winchester; Prince Lewis of France having invaded England, to assist the Barons against their tyrannical sovereign. Henry the Third appears to have resided frequently at Guildford, in the course of his long reign. In his seventh year, he added to the buildings of the palace an Almonry," or office for the receipt of deodands, forfeitures by misadventure, escheats of felons, and other monies appropriated to charitable uses; and at subsequent periods, various improvements were made here by his direction. By a precept to the Sheriff of Surrey, in the forty-fourth year of his reign, the king ordered that the pictures in his Great hall at Guildford should be repaired without delay;" and that, in his great chamber there, at the head of his bed, a curtain (pallium) should be painted on the white wall; also, that the tablets and frontel of the altar of his great chapel, at the same place, should be finished forthwith, agreeably to the directions given to William of Florence, the painter. The cost of these works, according to legal valuation, was to be defrayed out of the revenues of the county." This king, in the fifty-second year of his reign, issued a precept to the Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, directing that within his court of the manor of Guildford (infra curiam manerii de Guldeford) there should be fitted up, commodiously, a chamber, with a platform, (stadium), chimney, wardrobe, and outer chamber, or balcony; and a chapel at the upper end of the chamber, for the use of his dear daughter Eleanor, the consort of his eldest son Edward: and also another English Poetry," vol. ii. was abridged and modernized about the time of James the First; and its original title altered to that of 'King John and the Abbot of Canterbury.' There is much humour in this Ballad; and the acuteness of the old Shepherd in relieving the Abbot from his apprehensions in regard to the three questions propounded by the King, argues a high degree of intellectual shrewdness. 42 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 23; from the Close Rolls of 7th of Henry III. m. 13; the words used in the original are, Domus Eleemosynaria. Three years afterwards, the custody of the King's Manor was committed to William de Coniers, who, at that time, was also Constable of the Castle of Guildford.-Dugdale, BAronage, vol. ii. p. 291. 43 Walpole's Works, (ANECDOTES OF PAINTING,) vol. iii. p. 22, edit. 1798; from the Liberate Rolls of the 44th of Hen. III. 44 The original precept, which is preserved among the Liberate Rolls of the reign of this king, is inscribed, “De Pictura Cap. Guldef." The following is a copy, as given by Walpole :-"Liberate Aº. 44 Hen. III. m. 11. Rex Vicecom. Surr. salutem. Precipimus tibi quod de exitibus comitatus tui picturas magnæ aulæ nostræ de Guldeford, prout necesse fuerit, sine dilatione emendari, et in magna camera nostra ibidem ad caput lecti nostri super album murum quoddam pallium depingi, et tabulas et fruntellum altaris magnæ capella nostræ ibidem sine dilatione fieri facias, prout injunximus Willielmo Florentino pictori; et custum quod ad hoc posueris per visam et testimonium proborum et legalium hominum conf. &c. Teste meipso apud West. xxx die Octobr." INTREPIDITY OF PRINCE EDWARD. 303 chamber, with a platform, chimney, balcony, and glazed windows, for the use of the Officers of the Queen; together with a certain pent- house, (appenticem) to be newly constructed there without delay; and the Queen's kitchen-garden, (herbarium) to be repaired, or set in order, according to the king's injunctions to William of Florence, the painter. The cost to be defrayed as before.-This William was clerk of the works at Guildford; and was to be paid by the Sheriff a stipend, at the rate of sixpence a day." 1 45 In the same reign, as may be inferred from different records, the stock of deer and other animals on this manor, was sufficiently con- siderable to furnish supplies for the royal household when resident at other places. This appears by a writ issued in the thirteenth year of Henry the Third, for fattening some Oxen for the king's larder";— and also by another writ, dated Windsor, 17 Feb. Aº. 26, and directed to the Keeper of the Park here, ordering him to admit Robert de Mares and James Hosate, yeomen of the household, to take and carry away for the kinges use, fifteen head of Venison, and twenty Rabbits, or forty, as the Warren should be found to yield" 6 The following occurrence, having relation to Guildford, is stated by Rishanger, as having happened within a few years of King Henry's decease.-"About that time, (1267,) there was a certain Knight of the neighbourhood of Winchester, named Adam Gurdun, who had been disinherited and outlawed with other adherents of Simon, Earl of Leicester, for refusing submission to the King. Near the road between the town of Alton and the Castle of Farnham was a woody height in a valley, rendering the passage circuitous, and 45 The original precepts are as follow:-" Liberate 52 Hen. III. m. 11. Rex Vice-com. Surr. et Suff. salutem. Precipimus tibi quod de exitibus com. prædictorum infra curiam nostram manerii nostri de Guldeford quandam cameram cum stadio et camino, garderoba, et camera forinseca, et quandam capellam ad caput ejusdem cameræ, cum stadio et fenestris vitreis, easdem cameram et capellam decentibus, ad opus karissimæ filiæ nostræ Alianoræ consortis Edwardi primogeniti nostri, et unum cameram cum stadio et camino camera forinseca, et fenestris vitreis eandem cameram decentibus, ad opus militum karissimæ consortis nostræ Alianoræ reginæ Angliæ, et quandam appenticem, ibidem de novo sine dilatione fieri, et herbarium ejusdem reginæ nostræ reparari et emendari facias, secundum quod Willielmo Florentino pictori nostro injunximus, et idem Willielmus plenius tibi scire faciet ex parte nostra; et custum, &c. per visam, &c. computabitur. "Rex eidem Vicecom.salutem. Precipimus tibi quod de exitibus com. prædictorum facias habere Willielmo Florentino custodi operationum nostrarum manerii nostri de Guldeford singulis diebus sex denarios pro stipendiis suis, quamdiu fueris Vicecomes noster eorundem comitat. et prædictus Willielmus custos fuerit operationum prædictarum, sicut eos temporibus retroactis ante turbationem habitam in regno ibidem percipere consuevit: et custum, &c. Teste rege apud Westm. xxix die Jan."-Walpole's Works, (ANECDOTES OF PAINTING,) vol. iii. pp. 22-24: edit. 1798. 16 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 24; from the Close Rolls. 304 HISTORY OF SURREY. adapted for the concealment of robbers; and thither the Knight withdrew with his men, infesting the country with rapine, and especially preying on the lands of those who had adhered to the King. The fame of his strength and courage reaching Prince Edward, he was desirous to make trial of him; and coming upon the outlaw with a strong body of men, the Prince commanded that no one should interfere to prevent a single combat. Meeting, they encountered each other, and with redoubled blows and equal strength, fought a long time without either giving ground. At length Edward, admiring the valour of the Knight, and the fierceness with which he fought, advised him to yield, promising him his life and fortune. To this the Knight agreed; and throwing down his arms, surrendered himself to Prince Edward, who the same night sent him to Guildford, to be presented to the Queen his mother, with an urgent commendation. Gurdun afterwards had his inheritance restored; and Edward always esteemed him as a dear and faithful subject. 39 47 In 1299, the park and manor of Guildford, as well as the firm of the town, and the castle, valued collectively at twenty marks per annum, were assigned to Queen Margaret, the second wife of Edward the First, in part of her dower. On the death of that princess in the tenth year of Edward the Second, the property reverted to the Crown. Deeds are extant, dated from this place by Edward the Second, and Edward the Third; whence it may be concluded, that both those kings were occasionally resident here; and the latter is known to have passed his Christmas at Guildford in the years 1337, 1340, and 1347. In the original grant of the fee-ferm of the town, with its appurtenances, made by this Prince to the Corporation, in October, 1366, the Park, together with the Castle and its Goal, was expressly reserved to the crown. In the forty-third year of Edward the Third, the custody of the park for life was bestowed on Helming Legette; and a similar grant was made, subsequently, to Sir Hugh Waterton. On his decease, in 1409, Henry the Fourth gave the appointment to Sir John Stanley, who was styled 'Steward of the King's Household.' Henry the Sixth, by letters patent, in the twenty-second year of his reign, granted the office of parker, or park- keeper, at Guildford, to John Genyn and Richard Ludlow, serjeants of his cellar, together with the office of Knock-pynne, or Knock-penny, there, with the wages and fees belonging to those offices; to be paid by the Constable of Windsor castle, from the issues and revenues belonging to that fortress. 47 Rishanger, Cont. Matt. Paris, HIST. MAJOR, p. 970. DESCENT OF THE KING'S MANOR. 305 Edward the Fourth appears to have visited Guildford in 1479, and again in 1482. In the third year of Henry the Seventh, the custody of the manor and park here was given to Sir Reginald Bray, one of the most zealous adherents of that prince before his accession to the throne, whose services were rewarded by grants of lands in this county, and also in other parts of the kingdom. Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, (grand-master of the royal household,) who had married Mary, the younger sister of Henry the Eighth, and widow of Louis the Twelfth of France, died at this place, on August the 24th, 1546: "from which circumstance," says Mr. Manning, "it is highly probable that the King and his household were resident here at that time." Sir Michael Stanhope, who is said to have been a favourite of this capricious monarch, was warden of the manor of Guildford in the latter part of his reign. This gentleman was a retainer of the Earl of Hertford, afterwards duke of Somerset; to whose influence, probably, he owed his appointment. Becoming involved in the ruin of that imprudent statesman, he was beheaded in 1551, the fourth year of Edward the Sixth; and the custody of this manor was afterwards given to William Parr, marquis of Northampton. 18 Guildford was occasionally visited by Edward the Sixth; as it appears from his Journal, published by Burnet, that he was at this place in June and August, 1550, and in July, 1552. As Henry his father had erected a mansion on the site of the Friary at Guildford, it was there, probably, that King Edward remained when on these visits. In the reign of Mary, Anthony Browne, Viscount Montagu, lord- chamberlain to the queen, was made keeper in the room of the Marquis of Northampton, who had been concerned in the project for raising Lady Jane Dudley to the throne; and on the triumph of her rival was deprived of the appointments which he held, and committed to the Tower. Lord Montagu died on October the 19th, 1592; and he was succeeded in his office at Guildford by Sir Thomas Gorges, who had married the widow of the Marquis of Northampton. James the First, by letters patent dated September the 19th, 1605, granted the beneficial interest in this manor and estate held by Gorges to John Murray, esq. for his life; and he came into the possession of it on the decease of his predecessor in 1611. Murray was raised to the peerage in 1622; and two years after, created Earl of Annandale. In 1620, he obtained from King James a grant of the property to him and his heirs male; and being thus possessed of the manor and park of Guildford as an estate in fee-tail, he procured from Charles the First, for the sum of five thousand pounds, letters patent, dated March Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 25. VOL. I. RR 306 HISTORY OF SURREY. 31st, in the sixth year of that king's reign, vesting in him, his heirs, and assigns, for ever, the fee-simple of the king's lands, tenements, &c. at Guildford, including the Friary there, to be held in capite, as the fourth part of a knight's fee, at the annual rent of ten pounds. The grant included the whole stock of deer then in the park, and the right of free-warren in the same; and the grantee was empowered to dispark the lands, which were declared to be exempted from all dependence on the royal forest, and beyond the bounds of any forest or chase, notwithstanding any statute or statutes to the contrary. The Friary, which was included in this grant, was thereby declared to be the principal house, or lodge, of Guildford park. The FRIARY at Guildford was a convent of Dominicans, also called Friars Preachers, founded by Eleanor of Provence, the queen of Henry the Third, near the eastern bank of the river Wey, and on the north side of the High-street; but the exact date of its foundation is not known. Edward the First, in the third year of his reign, granted to the fraternity a license to inclose and add to their premises a road adjoining, which led from the town to the king's park. Edward the Second took some steps towards refounding this convent, for a sister- hood of the same order, with a proper endowment for their support ; but the design was not carried into execution. Among the benefactors to this house was Sir Reginald Bray, who, in 1503, bequeathed the sum of two hundred pounds, to be paid at the rate of ten pounds a year, for twenty years, for a trental of masses to be said here, in the year of his death, and the next year, for his own soul, and for the souls of his father and mother, the latter of whom was interred in this priory. The names of many of the Priors of this convent have been published by Mr. Manning, from an Obituary which belonged to it, now pre- served in the public library of the University of Cambridge. But with regard to most of them, the order of succession, and the dates of their deaths, are uncertain. There is no account extant of the revenues of this priory, or of the time of its suppression; but it was probably one of the lesser con- ventual establishments, the property belonging to which was seized by Cardinal Wolsey, under the authority of the pope, in 1523: for the priory of Guildford is not noticed in the catalogue of religious houses made in the twenty-sixth of Henry the Eighth, anno 1534, which is kept in the First-Fruits Office, and has been repeatedly printed. If the priory was appropriated by Wolsey, it must have escheated to the crown on his disgrace and death, in the year 1530. Henry the Eighth erected a mansion on the site of it; and there OCCUPANTS OF THE FRIARY. 307 probably died his brother-in-law, the Duke of Suffolk, as before mentioned. James the First demised this mansion by lease to Sir George More, of Loseley; and he sold it to George Austen, gent.; by whom it is said to have been pulled down and rebuilt. James Murray, esq. the grantee of the manor and park of Guild- ford, purchased of Austen his lease of the Friary; and in 1620, obtained from the king a grant, under letters patent, of "the site of the late house of Friars Preachers in or near the town of Guildford," to him and his heirs male, to be held as of the king's manor of East Greenwich, by fealty only, and in free and common socage, at an annual rent of fifty shillings. In 1630, Murray, then Earl of Annan- dale, purchased of Charles the First the fee-simple of the Friary, as well as of the manor and park. Having thus become possessed in perpetuity of the whole of the royal estate at Guildford, the Earl built a new mansion on the site of the Friary." James, the second earl of Annandale, the son and successor of the preceding, in 1641 sold the mansion and estate to James Maxwell, esq. afterwards Earl of Dirleton; whose eldest daughter, Elizabeth, the widow of William, duke of Hamilton, conveyed the property to Thos. Dalmahoy, esq. who became her second husband; and in 1681, he sold it to Elizabeth Colwall, widow; from whom it descended to her grandson, Daniel Colwall, esq. This gentleman was a distinguished member of the Royal Society; but, unfortunately, from some cause which has not been recorded, he committed suicide, probably, in 1706; his will bearing date on the 4th of February, in that year.50 He had devised his estates to trustees, for sale; and such sale, were, 49 The new mansion, which was constructed, principally, of chalk, and studded, as it in front, with squares of flint, regularly interposed, had a handsome portico of the Doric order, supporting a projecting part of the upper story. It had gable ends, and large square windows, in the general style of Charles the First's reign. On the Cavalry Barracks being erected here in 1794, this building was fitted up as a residence for the officers. When those Barracks were sold and taken down, in 1818, (after the conclusion of the war with Buonaparte,) this edifice was also pulled down; and its site is now a store- yard. A double row of small houses, called 'Friary Place,' has been since erected on the old monastic land, and are consequently extra-parochial. Some remains of the precinct walls of the ancient Friary still exist. 50 In the short account of Mr. Colwall given by Granger, (vide BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY of England, vol. iii. p. 402, 4th edit.) he is described "as a gentleman of good fortune, the superfluities of which he expended in making a collection of natural rarities ;—which he presented to the Royal Society, and is therefore justly esteemed the founder of their Museum." The collection thus presented seems to have been purchased for that express purpose; and Mr. Colwall, (as we learn from Birch's HISTORY OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, vol. ii. p. 73,) received on the 21st of March, 1665-6, the public thanks of the Society for his "generous benefaction." He must have been an active associate of this learned body; for he was a member of the Council from its first appointment in January, 1664-5; and RR 2 308 HISTORY OF SURREY. accordingly, took place under the authority of a decree made by the Court of Chancery, on the 15th of July, 1708. In the following year, the manor and park were purchased by the Hon. Thomas Onslow, eldest son of Sir Richard Onslow, bart. the first Speaker of the House of Commons of that name. Soon afterwards, the lands were disparked; and they were subsequently divided into four farms. The Friary estates were sold, about the year 1721, to John Russell and George Mabank, who made partition of the same; after which, about 1736, Mabank disposed of his share, consisting of the mansion and site of the Friary, with other lands, to the Right Hon. Arthur Onslow, the second Speaker of his family; and all the property thus purchased by the Onslows, has descended to their present representative, Arthur George, third earl of Onslow, of West Clandon, in this county. Lands at Guildford were granted by William the First to an ancestor of Robert Testard, who held them in the reign of Henry the Second; and to these lands belonged the privilege of Court Baron. They were held by serjeanty; the proprietor acting as Marshal of the royal household whenever the king kept his court at Guildford. The duties attached to this office have been already noticed. In the thirty-ninth year of the reign of Henry the Third, these lands were in the possession of Thomas de la Puille, who held them under the same tenure. The property continued in his family till the time of Henry the Fifth; when John de la Puille, or Poyle, granted a lease for twenty years, with a reversionary right to the estate called the Manor of Poyle, after his own death, to John Gaynsford. The family of Gaynsford, which was seated at Crowhurst in this county, was related to that of Poyle, as appears from an ancient rental, pre- served among the Harleian Manuscripts. The Gaynsfords held the he was constituted Treasurer at the anniversary meeting on St. George's day, 1666. Conchology was the branch of natural history which he most cultivated; and the most valuable part of his cabinet consisted of shells; the study of which had, then, but lately been introduced into this country. His portrait, by R. White, is prefixed to the some- what superficial work published in folio, by Dr. Nehemiah Grew, in 1681, intituled Musaum Regalis Societatis; or a Catalogue and Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal Society, and preserved at Gresham Colledge" ;—and thirty-one of the illustrative cuts to that publication were engraven at his expense. He was buried in St. Mary's church, at Guildford, near the middle of the south chancel; and Mr. Russell, after noticing a statement made by Mr. George Westbrook, sometime Clerk of St. Mary's parish, "that about the year 1764, as he was digging a grave near the above spot, he threw out a skull with a ten-penny nail driven through the upper part of it; and that it was supposed to be Mr. Colwall's of the Friary;" says,-" Mr. Colwall most undoubtedly shot himself. The chair in which he died, stained with blood, has been recently removed from the Friary."-GUILDFORD, pp. 73 and 299.-It was afterwards presented to Abbott's Hospital, in this town, where it still remains. 51 51 Rentale Manerii de Poyle renovatum 3 Nov. 14 Edw. IV. BIBL. HARL. No. 392 : fol. 96, b. ACCOUNT OF THE 'SPITAL HOUSE. 309 manor in the reign of Edward the Fourth; but how much longer is uncertain. John Eversfield died seised of it, in 1595, having held it of the crown in capite, as the fortieth part of a knight's fee. His son and heir, Thomas Eversfield, of Horsham in Sussex, who was afterwards knighted, by indenture dated April 26th, 1612, demised the estate to Henry Wheeler, of Banstead in Hampshire, for the lives of his three children, at an annual rent of twenty-five pounds; reserving, however, to himself, "the 'Spital House," at Guildford, with its appurtenances, and also the courts-leet and baron of the manor. In 1624, Dame Elizabeth Eversfield, the widow of Sir Thomas, in conjunction with her son, by the usual mode of fine and recovery, acquired the power to dispose of the freehold; and they conveyed all their interest in the estate, as well in possession as reversion, to the use of Henry Smith, and others; "saving only to the said Elizabeth, the tenement or messuage called the 'Spital, or Hospital of St. Thomas, and the disposal of the same during her natural life.” 52 The Henry Smith, here mentioned, was a citizen and alderman of London; who, having acquired a considerable fortune by trade, devoted nearly the whole of it to purposes of benevolence. In the above purchase, Sir Robert Parkhurst, knt. alderman of London, acted on behalf of Smith; in trust for whom, also, he bought the lease granted to Henry Wheeler. In November, 1627, about three months before his decease, Mr. Smith conveyed the entire freehold estate to Robert, earl of Essex, and others, in trust, that they might pay the rents and profits arising from it, to the Mayor and approved men of Guildford, for the use of the poor of that town, and "according to diverse orders made, and instructions given by the donor, in his life-time." The property is still vested in the Corporation of Guildford; and, together with the other charities belonging to the town, is administered under the direction of fourteen trustees. The 'Spital, or Hospital, mentioned in the above deeds, was situated at the east end of Guildford town, but in Stoke parish, near the angle formed by the roads leading, severally, to Kingston and Epsom. "It was dedicated to St. Thomas, and had a Prior, or Master, of whom mention is made in the ancient Court-rolls of the manor of Stoke, to the Lord of which he paid (as the feoffees of this estate also do at this 52 Mr. Smith was a native of Wandsworth; and a full account of his donations to various parishes in this county will be given in the account of that place. 53 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. pp. 15-18. It is stated in a note in the same work, that 'the Orders and Constitutions' made by Smith, touching the ordering and disposing of the rents of the Poyle estate,' are "not to be found amongst the papers of the Corpo- ration, and are supposed to have been lost many years."-Id. p. 18. Further particulars of the Poyle estate will be inserted in the general account of the Charities of Guildford. 310 HISTORY OF SURREY. day) a quit-rent of 6d. per annum. It is uncertain at what time, or Speed mentions a convent of by whom, this hospital was founded. Crutched Friars, as existing at Guildford in the reign of Henry the Third; and in a charge delivered by Edw. Thurland, esq. (afterwards Sir Edward, and one of the Barons of the Exchequer,) at a Court- baron held at Reigate in the twentieth year of Charles the First, it is said, that those friars were first planted at Reigate, and at Guildford, by William, Earl Warren, sixth earl of Surrey. Nothing more has been found relating to them; and Mr. Manning remarks, that "if Speed be not mistaken, their House was probably on this spot, and might afterwards dwindle into an Hospital, and be reconsecrated to St. Thomas." In later times, it was appropriated as an alms-house for cripples, and other indigent persons; but the old building has been long destroyed; and that which now occupies its site, and is called 'Poyle manor-house,' together with some adjoining land, is occupied at a rental, by one of the trustees. The Courts baron and leet of the manor of Poyle are continued to be held at this residence. 55 Besides the rents of territorial possessions at Guildford, there were revenues belonging to the Crown from other sources, as assised rents, pleas, perquisites of courts, customary dues, stallage and tolls of markets and fairs, with some others. In towns the manorial supremacy of which was vested in the king, the produce of these branches of revenue were, according to Madox, "commonly let to ferm; and the ferms of them were answered to the Crown, either by the Sheriff of the county wherein the town lay, or else by the townsmen themselves, either by the name of Homines, Cives, or Burgenses of such a town, burgh, or villate, or under the name of the provost, or other particular custos, or fermer. Hence the income thus arising being farmed or let, at certain rates, to persons who collected the various dues, and, after paying the stipulated sum, retained the residue, it was called the farm, or firm, of a town, borough, city, or county respectively. The firms, or farmed rents, of most towns were originally collected and accounted for by the sheriffs of the counties in which they were situated; and this appears to have been, for a time, the case with regard to Guildford. The firms of towns or burghs belonging to the king were frequently granted to certain individuals provisionally, and for a specific time, either gratuitously, or in recompense for some * 56 54 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 19. In Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 63, it is said, that the manor-house of Poyle is commonly called "The Spytle, or Hospital of St. John.” 55 Vide SURREY, vol. i. pp. 19 and 295. See, also, Speed's HISTORY OF GREAT BRI- TAIN, reign of Henry III. 56 Madox, EXCHEQUER, 2nd edit. vol. i. p. 330. ANCIENT REVENUE, OR THIRD PENNY. 311 service. Grants were also made to individuals from the firms of counties; and it appears to have been usual for the king, (in the period immediately succeeding the Norman Conquest,) when he bestowed on any person the title of an Earl, or Lord, of some county, to assign him a third part of the firm of the county, towards the support of his new dignity. This was considered as a donation in perpetuity, or rather, as coincident with the duration of the earldom; so that, with the title of nobility it escheated to the crown in cases of rebellion, treason, or for want of lawful heirs. This donation was termed a grant of the third penny of the county; but it was not always bestowed at the creation of an earl; for, though the title of Earl of Surrey was conferred upon William, Earl Warren in Normandy, by William Rufus, the grant of the third penny from the firm of this county, seems not to have taken place till the time of Henry the Third; when it was bestowed on a descendant of the first earl, who then had the title. This was John, the seventh earl of Surrey, whose claim to one-third of the tolls and customs of the town of Guildford being questioned, a trial took place before the King's Justices, at Guildford, in the seventh year of Edward the First; and it was proved, that the third penny of the county had been yielded to the Earl, in the fortieth year of Henry the Third, by the king's precept, addressed to the Barons of the Exchequer." It appears to have been the ancient custom to lay up the whole of the tolls, as they were collected, in a common box or chest, which always remained in the custody of the king's Bailiff, the keys being deposited with the Bailiff of the Earl. When the Bailiffs met for that purpose, the chest was opened, and two-thirds of the monies that were found there being taken out for the king, the remaining third was given to the Earl.” 58 An exem- plification of these proceedings at Guildford was granted to Philip, earl of Arundel, in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of Elizabeth. This nobleman, who was descended from the Warrens, Earls of Surrey, through the Fitz-Alans and Mowbrays, held two-thirds of the Earl's share of the tolls, &c. of Guildford; and the remaining third belonged to the heirs of Joan, Lady Abergavenny, who died seised of the same in 1435. The king's share, (two-thirds,) of the firm of the town was, by Edward the First, on his marriage with Margaret of France, in 1299, assigned to the queen as a part of her dower. Edward the Third, by letters patent, dated at Westminster, October the 1st, 1467, granted the town, with its appurtenances, (exclusive of the park, the castle and its 57 ROT. CLAUS. 40 Hen. III. m. 11. 59 PLACIT. APUD GULDEFORD: Oct. Mich. 7 Edw. I. Rot. 28. 312 HISTORY OF SURREY. goal,) in fee-farm to the Corporation of Guildford, at a yearly rent of ten pounds. This grant was confirmed by Richard the Second, and Henry the Seventh; yet James the First, in 1609, granted the firm, by letters patent, to Sir Francis Wolley, knt. and Lionel Rawlins; by whom it was sold to the Corporation, for two hundred pounds; and by indenture, dated August 1, 1609, between Wolley and Rawlins, on the one part, and the Mayor and Approved men of Guildford, on the other, the latter had the full and permanent possession of these revenues secured to them. 66 The origin of the CORPORATION of Guildford is uncertain. The earliest Charter upon record was granted by Henry the Third, in 1267. That, however, was not a charter of incorporation, but merely a grant of rights and privileges to the men of Guildford, and their heirs in perpetuity. The grantees are styled "probi homines," whence, doubtless, the chief members of the corporation were afterwards called approved men ;" and they, probably, were the successors of the king's men, or tenants of the seventy-five messuages, or tenements, men- tioned in the Domesday Book. By this charter they were exempted from the arrest of person, or goods, on account of any debts, where they were neither principal debtors nor sureties; their goods and chattels were protected from forfeiture on account of the delinquencies of servants; and the transmission of their property to their heirs, after their own decease, was secured." By another charter of Henry the Third, dated a few months after the preceding, a grant was made to the "Approved men of Guildford, and their heirs, for the advance- ment of the said town, that the County Court of Surrey should be holden in the same for ever." The sessions, or assizes, of the king's Justices Itinerant, for this county, appear to have previously taken place at Leatherhead; and about two years after the grant of the charter, complaint was made of inconvenience arising from the removal of the court from that central situation to a place so near the extremity of the county." But notwithstanding this objection, the men of Guildford obtained a confirmation of this privilege, by charter dated 7th of Edward the First ;" and since that period, Guildford has been regarded as the County town." 6º 59 ROT. PAT. 2 Hen. VI. p. 1, m. 20: per Inspex. P. 7 Ric. II. per Inspex. 41 Hen. 60 Id. III. m. 12. 61 PLACIT. CORAM. H. Bigod, Just. Ang. ap. Bermunds. 43 Hen. III. Rot. 5. 62 ROT. ITIN. 7 Edw. I. 63 By statute 11th of Richard II. chap. ii. the Justices of Assize are empowered to hold their sessions wherever the Chancellor, with the advice of the said Justices, shall appoint. And the assizes are now held, in the spring, at Kingston; and in the summer, at Guildford, and at Croydon, alternately.-Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 34. UNIV OF CORPORATION OF GUILDFORD, 313 The grant made by Edward the Third, of the fee-farm profits of the town, to the men of Guildford, at a rent of ten pounds per annum, has been already noticed. That prince, also, granted them exemption from all manner of toll for their goods, throughout the realm; and the right to hold an annual fair, on the Monday, and four following days, in the week of Pentecost. He further granted, that the approved men, and their heirs and successors, should have and enjoy their Gild-merchant, according to ancient custom, with all their ancient liberties; and lastly, that the Steward and Bailiff of the town, for the time being, "may sweare men beinge resident in the said towne, soe often as it shall be expedient and necessary for the keep- inge of [the king's] lawe, and for justice to be ministered to all men complayning before them." In the parliament held at Westminster, in 1383, (7th of Richard the Second,) the men of Guildford presented a petition for a renewal of their charters, which, they alleged, had been lost during the then late insurrections under Wat Tyler and others. Their suit was successful; and they obtained from the king, letters patent, with an exemplification of the charters, dated at Westminster, March 10, 1384; for which they paid, as fees, the sum of 22s. 4d. These charters were again confirmed, by letters patent of Henry the Sixth, in 1423. Another ratification of the charters, together with some alterations in the style of the Corporation, if not in its constitution, took place in the reign of Henry the Seventh. By letters patent, dated July 1st, 1488, that king granted, at the suit of Henry Norbrigge, then mayor of Guildford, and others, a charter to him and his brethren, the approved men, declaring them to be a corporation with the usual powers and privileges, by the style and title of." the Mayor and Approved men of Guildford."" By this charter they were entitled to have a common seal; and, as a corporate body, to sue, and be sued. They were empowered to elect annually, on the Monday after Michaelmas, one of the approved men to be Mayor; and afterwards, a Coroner for the liberties of the town, whose office was to be inde- pendent of all the county coroners. The mayor was authorized to appoint as many serjeants at mace, and other officers, as should be thought "necessary and meet to him for the sure and honest govern- ance of the towne"; and, in person, or by his servants or deputies, he was "to assize, assaye the amendment and correction of bread, wine, and ale, and of all manner other victualls, and measures, weights, and 64 The title of Mayor had been applied to the head of the Corporation, (it having super- seded that of Seneschal or Steward,) before the time of Henry the Seventh; but it was now first legally conferred. VOL. I. SS 314 HISTORY OF SURREY. of all other things whatsoever which appertayne or belonge to the office of clerk of the markett of [the king's] household"; and no other person, who held that office, was to interfere with the mayor in the execution of this duty. He was empowered, in conjunction with any two of the approved men, to hold a court once every three weeks, for the recovery of debts arising within the town and precinct, whether above or under the sum of forty shillings. By this charter was granted the right to hold two fairs, one on the eve and day of St. Martin, and the other on the eve and day of St. George; and by it, also, the men of Guildford were exempted from serving on juries, inquisitions, &c. without the town, against their will."5 65 The grant of the fee-farm rents of the town to the corporation by Edward the Third, was confirmed, by letters patent of Henry the Eighth, in the eleventh year of his reign; and by other letters patent, of the same date, the charters of former kings were ratified. Ad- ditional confirmations of these grants were obtained from Edward the Sixth and Queen Elizabeth; and a new charter was bestowed on the corporation in the reign of James the First, by letters patent, dated at Hatfield, August 30th, 1603. It was thereby directed, that the mayor for the time being, the mayor for the preceding year, two others of the approved men, to be chosen at the same time with the mayor, and one other person skilled in the laws of the realm, who should be council with the mayor," should, for the year after their being elected, be Justices of the Peace within the town of Guildford, and its liberties and precincts; and that the mayor, &c. should have, within the precincts, a prison for the custody of offenders. In consequence of the provisions of the Corporation Act, passed in 1662, the mayor at that time, and other members of the corporation of Guildford, refusing to submit to the engagements required by that statute, were deprived of their offices, and other persons were appointed in their places. In the reign of James the Second, the Corporation surrendered their charters to the crown, by deed under their common seal, dated April the 13th, 1686, praying, at the same time, for a renewal of their chartered privileges. The king immediately gave them a new charter, dated April the 15th, by which the corporation was newly modelled; consisting of a mayor, aldermen, and common council; with a chief-steward, recorder, bailiff, and town-clerk. By that charter, also, the jurisdiction of the Justices of the Peace was ex- 65 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 34. Russell, GUILDFORD, pp. ii.-xii. 66 Hence originated the office of Recorder, or Town Council. CORPORATION OF GUILDFORD. 315 tended beyond the liberties of Guildford, through the adjoining parish of Stoke; and all the powers and privileges which had formerly been granted to the members of the corporation, were continued and con- firmed to them in their full extent. Certain persons were, as usual, appointed to the several offices, under the new charter; but a power was reserved to the king, of removing them at his will and pleasure, for any reasonable cause, by an order of Privy-council. The resignation of the former charter, and the substitution of the new one, with its provisional clause, doubtless took place in pursuance of the project formed by King James and his confidential ministers, for the introduction into public offices of persons who would be subservient to his views of making himself an absolute monarch. Accordingly, on March the 23rd, 1687-8, an Order of Council was issued, directing that Thomas Smith, the mayor, with certain of the aldermen and common council-men, should be removed from their respective offices; and Sir Hugh Tynte, (as mayor,) and others, were appointed in their room: the oaths, including of course the oath of supremacy, usually taken on such occasions, being dispensed with in their behalf. On the 19th of April, following, appeared a fresh order; under the sanction of which, further changes were made in this corporation. The general dissatis- faction excited by the arbitrary proceedings of the king, however, obliged him, ere long, to adopt a different mode of conduct; and on the 17th of October, in the year 1688, a proclamation was issued, for restoring to corporations their ancient charters, liberties, rights, and franchises. On the same day, orders of council were made "for the removal of all mayors, sheriffs, recorders, town-clerks, aldermen, common council-men, &c. who had been put in by the late King (Charles the Second), or his present Majesty, since the year 1679." In consequence of this change of policy, on the 22nd of the same month, Thomas Smith was restored to his office as mayor; and the other members of the corporation who had been displaced were, also, reinstated: the new charter was annulled, and all proceedings which had taken place under its authority were rescinded. From that time, and until the management of all municipal boroughs was altered by the Reform acts passed in the reign of William the Fourth, the corporation subsisted and was governed according to the several charters and confirmations which had been granted by preceding sovereigns. Under those charters, the "Approved men of Guildford" consisted of eight persons (including the mayor) called magistrates, and an indeterminate number of bailiffs, seldom, however, if ever, exceeding twenty. The mayor was elected annually, on the Monday after ss 2 316 HISTORY OF SURREY. Michaelmas, from among the eight magistrates, if their number was complete, but if not, from the bailiffs; in which case, the individual so chosen became an alderman for life;—and in this manner only were vacancies in the order of magistrates supplied. The bailiffs were elected, one every year, at the same time as the mayor was chosen. Any one refusing to serve the office of mayor, when elected, was liable to a fine of ten pounds, according to an order of the corporation, made in the twenty-eighth year of Henry the Eighth ; and by another order, made in 1682, a bailiff so elected, and refusing to take the office, was subjected to a penalty of twenty pounds. Two serjeants-at-mace, and a beadle, or crier, were also chosen every year." Anciently, the chief magistrate was called the Seneschall; the appellation, mayor, not having been used before the reign of Henry the Fourth. Such was the state of the corporation of Guildford until the year 1835; when a considerable alteration took place, under the authority of the statute of the 5th and 6th of William the Fourth, chap. 76, intituled "An Act to provide for the Regulation of Municipal Corpo- rations in England and Wales," passed September the 9th, 1835. In schedule (A.) annexed to this act, containing a list of the boroughs having a commission of the peace, the style of the corporate body is stated to be "Mayor and Burgesses of the Town of Guldeford, in the County of Surrey." The persons entitled to be burgesses are, the male inhabitant householders within the borough, or within seven miles of it, occupying houses, shops, &c. and rated for three years to the relief of the poor. The corporation consists of four aldermen, including the mayor; and twelve councillors. The mayor, aldermen, and councillors, together, constitute the Council of the Borough. The aldermen are elected by the councillors, from their own body; and every third year, one-half of them go out of office, but may be re-elected. One-third part of the number of the councillors go out of office annually; but these, also, are eligible for re-election. The councillors are chosen by the burgesses, from those among themselves who possess a real or personal estate to the amount of five hundred pounds, or are rated to the relief the poor upon the annual value of not less than fifteen pounds. The election of councillors takes place on the first of November, every year. The mayor is chosen annually, 67 In the eleventh year of James the First, " One parcel of meade lying and beinge in the common-meade called Mill-meade in Stok next Guldeford, was given to the seriantes [serjeants] of Guldeford and their successors, by William Hamond, somety me of Gulde- ford aforesaid, esq; deceased: to enjoy the said profite and dutyes formerly allowed them jointly and proportionablie together."-Russell, Guildford, p. 8. CORPORATION OF GUILDFORD. 317 on the ninth of November, from among the aldermen and councillors, by the Council of the borough. He acts as Justice of the peace during his year of office and the year following; and as the returning officer, at elections. On the first of March, in each year, the burgesses elect, from the persons qualified to be councillors, two burgesses called Auditors, and two called Assessors of the borough. A town-clerk, who holds the office during pleasure, is appointed by the council; and also a Treasurer, and other officers. There are six magistrates, or Justices of the peace, who hold their appointment from the crown; as likewise does the recorder, who is required to be a barrister-at-law of not less than five years' standing: he, also, is a Justice of the peace for the borough. There is, likewise, a clerk to the magis- trates, appointed by the council; to hold the office during pleasure. Besides these members of the corporation, chosen or appointed under the act relating to municipal corporations, there are, a high-steward, and a bailiff, belonging to this borough." 68 The names of all the principal persons connected with the borough of Guildford at the present time, (March the 1st, 1841,) are as follow:- Members of Parliament-C. B. WALL, esq.; Lieut. Col. the Hon. J. Y. SCARLETT. High Steward-Rt. Hon. Lord GRANTLEY. Mayor-J. HAYDON, esq. Magistrates-The MAYOR; G. WAUGH, esq.; W. NEWLAND, esq.; C. BOOKER, esq.; T. HAYDON, esq.; J. STEDMAN, esq. Aldermen-J. HAYDON, esq.; J. STEDMAN, esq.; S. HAYDON, esq. Town Council-W. E. ELKINS; J. COOKE; J. WEALE; J. LEGGATT, sen.; W. MILLS; H. PIPER; CASSTEELS COOPER; J. STOVOLD; E. G. LIVESAY; J. CROOKE; J. SMALL- PEICE; G. SPRENT. G. SPRENT. Auditors-F. T. GUNNER, & J. Pannell. PANNELL. Assessors-G. RUSSELL, and J. WYLLIE. Recorder-Hon. G. C. NORTON. Town Clerk-J. RAND, esq. to the Magistrates-G. S. SMALLPEICE, esq. Bailiff-J. HoCKLEY, esq. Treasurer-W. H. SMALLPEICE, esq. Clerk Trustees of the Guildford Charities-G. AUSTEN; B. K. FINNIMORE; E. D. FILMER; G. FOSTER; J. HAYDON; A. LEE; C. MANGLES; W. NEWLAND; E. NICHOLS; J. STEDMAN; J. SMALLPEICE (Solicitor); T. VANNER; JOSEPH WEALE; and J. Wiblen. The boundaries of the borough of Guildford, as described in Schedule O, 33, annexed to the Act of Parliament of the 2nd and 3rd of William the Fourth, chap. 64, are as follow:-From the point on the north of the Town at which a creek leading from Dapdune House joins the river Wey, in a straight line to the point at which the road called the New Road joins the Stoke Road; thence along the New Road to the point at which the same joins the Kingston Road; thence along the Kingston Road to the point at which the same joins Cross Lane; thence along Cross Lane to the point at which the same joins the Epsom Road; thence in a straight line to the point in Chalky Lane at which the Boundary of Trinity Parish leaves the same; thence along the southern Boundary of Trinity Parish to the point at which such Boundary enters Goal Lane; thence in a straight line to the point at which the river Wey turns abruptly to the North at a Wharf close by the Horsham Road; thence in a straight line to the point at which the path from Guildford across Bury Fields abuts on the Portsmouth Road; thence in a straight line to the south-western corner of Cradle Field; thence along the western hedge of Cradle Field to the point at which the same cuts the old Farnham Road; thence in a straight line towards Worplesdon Semaphore to the Point at which such line cuts the new Farnham Road; thence in a straight line to the Point first described." 318 HISTORY OF SURREY. The Armorial bearings of the Corporation of Guildford are-Sable, on a Mount Vert, a Castle with two Towers embattled; on each Tower a Spire surmounted with a Ball; from the battlements between the Towers another Tower, triple-towered, all Argent; and charged with an Escutcheon of France and England quarterly. Under the battlements of the Castle, two Roses in fess, Or. The port proper, charged on the centre with a Key, and portcullised of the last. On the Mount before the Port, a Lion couchant guardant of the fourth. On each side of the Castle, in fess, a Woolpack of the third, pale-ways. The base of the field Water, proper. DEFORDE BVR Two SEALS are used by the muni- cipal authorities of this borough, a larger, and a smaller one; the latter, which is the most ancient, is of brass, and clumsily mounted with a lump of lead for a handle. It ex- hibits the town arms, but without the escutcheon, and with some dif- ference in the form of the towers: the inscription, SIGILLVM. BVRgi . ET.VILE.DE. GVLDFORD. surrounds the verge.—The largest Seal is of silver, and was made and brought into use about the year 1692, temp. William and Mary. In the centre is a concave shield, charged with the arms of Guildford, as described above, surrounded by the words, SIGILLVM. BVRGI. ET. VILLE.DE. GVLDEFORDE.“⁹ This seal is usually affixed to those deeds and instruments of the borough which are of the more important kind; whilst the smaller one is kept for the sealing of writs, certificates, powers, &c. of lesser consequence. The Mayor's Staff, which is of ebony, was the gift of Queen Elizabeth: it has a silver top, on which are engraven the town arms, with the words, 'Fear God, Do Justice, Love thy Brother,' in antiquated spelling. The gold chain was given by Arthur Onslow, esq. of West Clandon, in March, 1673, when he was high-steward; and has a medal attached to it, on which, on one side, are the arms of Charles the Second; and on the other, those of the Onslow family. There are two Maces; the largest and principal of which was presented to the Corporation by the Right Hon. Henry Howard, (afterwards duke of Norfolk,) when he was high-steward in 1663. 69 The above is a representation of the PRINCIPAL TOWN SEAL OF GUILDFORD. The smaller Seal is delineated in the wood-cut of the initial letter G, at the commencement of this account of the town of Guildford. GUILDFORD CASTLE DESCRIBED. 319 ? KEEP-TOWER OF GUILDFORD CASTLE. It is a remarkable fact, that the first mention of GUILDFORD CASTLE in our historical records, that has yet been discovered, is of the time of King John;—although the masonic construction of the Keep Tower, which is the principal part now remaining, appears to indicate a far more remote origin than the era of that reign. There is not, however, the least degree of credible authority for the inferential deductions made by the late Mr. Edward King, namely; that "this was one of the identical Palaces and Castles of the earliest Saxon kings ;”—that "Alfred the Great sometimes dwelt here,”—and "after- wards, occasionally, his nephew Æthelwald."" 70 Vide MUNIMENTA ANTIQUA; or Observations on Ancient Castles, &c. pp. 243 and 245. Mr. King refers to the first volume of Gough's Camden as his authority for stating that Alfred resided at Guildford Castle; but the work referred to does not coincide with the statement, Mr. Gough's words being as follow:-"Though this town was the property, and perhaps the residence of Alfred, as of his later successors, it is not mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle."-vol. i. p. 249, 2nd edit. Upon this assumed probability, therefore, Mr. King has based his theory of the Castle having been, sometimes, the 'dwelling- place of King Alfred'; "and here," he says, "he might, without annoyance, measure his well-employed time, by his then novel invention of the candle, with divisions notched upon it, to tell the hours!" Vide MUN. ANTIQ. Id. p. 245. 320 HISTORY OF SURREY. The statement made by Grose and other modern writers, that Prince Alfred, after his courteous reception at Guild-down by Earl Godwin, (of which particulars have already been inserted,) was conducted to Guildford Castle under pretence of refreshment, prior to his seizure, is, apparently, as erroneous as the deductions made by Mr. King; for neither Simeon of Durham, nor Brompton, nor Knighton, make any mention of a castle in this town, in their respective accounts of the above transaction. The Domesday record, also, though remarkably explicit in regard to the houses at Guildford, is entirely silent as to the existence of any fortress here;" we may therefore reasonably conclude, that the castle had not been erected at the time of the survey. There can be little doubt, however, both from the manner of its construction, and the general style of its architectural character, with assimilates with most of the Norman castles in this country, that it was built, either at the end of the eleventh century, or almost immediately afterwards. It is first mentioned in history, (as noticed before,) under the year 1216; when, as Matthew Paris states, Guild- ford castle was taken by Prince Louis of France, who had invaded England on the invitation of the barons in arms against King John." In the 'Annals of Waverley' it is stated, that the prince, having landed at Sandwich on the 21st of May, in the above year, possessed himself of this fortress on the 9th of June following, being the Thursday in the week after the feast of the Trinity." In the tenth year of the reign of Henry the Third, William de Coniers was constable of Guildford castle;" and in the thirty-ninth of the same reign, that office was held by Elias de Maunsel; who, at the same time, occupied a certain messuage upon the foss of the castle, for which he paid an annual quit-rent of two-pence to the king." In Henry's fifty-first year, the custody of this fortress was intrusted to William de Aguillon, the then sheriff of Surrey; probably, in order that it might be used for a prison. 76 In the second year of Edward the First, as appears by the Patent Rolls, a commission was appointed for "inquiry into purprestures and encroachments made upon the foss" of this castle. In the twenty- seventh of the same reign, the issues and profits of the castle, with those of the town and park of Guildford, (being then of the annual value of 137. 6s. 8d.) were assigned to Margaret of France, the second 71 See before, pp. 290, 291. 73 Vide Gale, SCRIPTORES, vol. ii. p. 182. 72 Id. pp. 41, 42. 74 ROT. PAT. 10 Hen. III. m. 1. Dugdale, BARONAGE, vol. ii. p. 291. It 75 PLACIT. CORON. ap. Bermondsey, Crast. Trin. 39 Hen. III. Rot. 26, dors. appears from the record, that the above messuage was tenanted by the Abbot of Pershore. 76 ROT. PIP. 51 and 52 Hen. III. m. 30. GUILDFORD CASTLE, HOW APPROPRIATED. 321 2 wife of that prince, as a part of her dower." At, or about this period, the fortress seems to have been appropriated as a common gaol for the county; for, in the thirty-fifth year of the same reign, Henry de Sey, keeper of the king's prisoners here, petitioned that a commission of gaol-delivery might be issued, or that the prisoners might be trans- ferred to more secure custody, the castle not being strong enough for the purpose for which it was appropriated. In answer to the keeper's petition, he was informed, that he might strengthen or enlarge the castle, if necessary; but that he must, at all events, keep the prisoners securely, as the king did not see fit to provide any other place for their detention." Probably, the representations of the keeper were not justified by the state of the fortress; for, in the fifteenth of Edward the Second, when the Earl of Lancaster and others had raised an insurrection in the kingdom, a writ was addressed to Oliver de Bourdeaux, the constable of the castle, directing him to furnish it with provisions and other requisites for the king's service; and to certify the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer, as to the costs, that they might be allowed in the account of the sheriff." In the fortieth year of Edward the Third, when the profits of the town were demised in fee-farm to the Corporation, there was an especial reservation of the castle and the gaol within it, to the king's use; and in the following year, the custody of this fortress was given to the Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, (Andrew Sackville,) for the SO In the of a common gaol, and, also, for his own residence. purpose beginning of the reign of Richard the Second, Sir Simon Burley, K.G. who had been tutor to that prince, held the office of Constable here. He was afterwards constable of Dover castle; and chamberlain to the king; but was beheaded, in May, 1388, on Tower-hill, as being one of "the traitors, whisperers, flatterers, and unprofitable people," by which the realm had been impoverished and dishonoured." This fortress continued to be used as the common gaol, for both Surrey and Sussex, until the reign of Henry the Seventh; in whose third year, the inhabitants of the latter county petitioned parliament, 77 FEDERA, vol. i. part ii. p. 912: edit. 1816. The manor of Bansted, and the town of Kingston, both in this county, were also, by the same deed, assigned in dower, to Queen Margaret; together with many other manors, castles, &c. in different parts of England. 78 ROT. PARL. 35t°. Edw. I. vol. i. p. 193. The response to Sey's petition is thus given in the record.-" Si carcer sit nimis debilis, facias, custos, emendari: si nimis strictus, faciat elargari; quia Rex non est avisatus mutare locum prisonarum suarum : vel saltem teneat in vinculis fortioribus." Id. 79 Madox, HISTORY OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. i. p. 383. 80 ROT. PAT. 41mo. Edw. III. pars 2, m. 19. SI Stow's ANNALS, pp. 485-487: edit. 1600. VOL. I. TT 322 HISTORY OF SURREY. that the gaol at Lewes should be thenceforth ordained the common gaol for the king, in their shire. The petition stated, that “ great murderers, errant thieves, misdoers, and breakers of the king's peace," had been sometimes "suffered to escape for far distance, for charges, and jeopardy of conveyance"; and, sometimes, "been rescued" on their way to Guildford;-or otherwise had, after committal to that prison, been delivered by the Justices of gaol-delivery "for lack of appearance of the King's subjects of the said County of Sussex; and the townships and other his officers grievously amerced," in con- sequence. These weighty pleas had their proper effect, and the prayer of the petitioners was granted." 83 84 In the ninth year of James the First, that sovereign, by his letters patent, dated the 27th of April, (anno 1612,) granted the site of this castle, with its appurtenances, containing by estimation "five acres, three roods, and ten perches," to Francis Carter, of Guildford, gent. ; who, about two years afterwards, as appears by the Corporation records, was made a freeman of the town; and he was then described "de la Pryorèe in Guldeford." He died in 1617; and his great grand-daughter, who had married John Goodyer, gent. of Alton, in Hampshire, and to whom her property had descended, was murdered by her own grandson, about the year 1748, or 1749. She had two daughters, co-heiresses; by Mary, the eldest of whom, (her sister having died without offspring,) the castle estate was conveyed by marriage to the Tempest family. From them, by the marriage of Cornelia, the grand-daughter of the above Mary, it passed to the Matchwicks; by whom, in 1813, "the Castle, with the houses and buildings in Quarry Street," were sold to Charles, late duke of Norfolk. His successor, the present duke, alienated the property to Fletcher, Lord Grantley, who now possesses it; and under whom, the immediate premises are occupied by Edmund Elkins, esq. 85 Guildford Castle originally consisted of an inner and an outer ballium, irregular in form, and occupying between four and five acres of ground on the south side of the town, at a short distance from the High-street. Though standing on the acclivity of a considerable height, its situation would admit of but little defence under the cir- cumstances of modern warfare; the adjacent chalk-hills on the south- east and west being of far superior elevation to this spot. In former ages, however, this must have been a station of great importance, as it fully commands the ancient ford of the river Wey; from which its distance, eastward, is not more than from one hundred and fifty to two 82 ROT. PARL. vol. vi. p. 388. 64 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 15. 83 Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 42. 85 Id. vol. iii. Addit. and Correct. p. cxliii. GUILDFORD CASTLE-KEEP-TOWER. 323 hundred yards. Many remnants of the outer walls of the castle may yet be traced among the surrounding buildings; but the only portion that remains of sufficient extent to require description, is the Keep- Tower; which, though in a state of much dilapidation, still retains some highly-interesting features of its ancient character. This Tower occupies the most elevated part of the demesne; standing boldly on the brow of the hill, fronting the west. Its form is quadrangular; the walls at the base, on the outside, measuring forty-seven feet from east to west, and forty-five feet and a half from north to south: their height to the ruined battlements is about seventy feet. The general thickness of the walls in the lower stories, is ten feet; but they somewhat decrease progressively upwards. They are chiefly constructed of chalk, flint, sand-stone, and rag-stone, as an exterior casing; the middle parts being filled in with coarse rubble and strong cement, which firmly unites the whole together. 86 The exterior casings, as far as they are now traceable, appear to have been carried upwards in a certain degree of uniformity and order, though by no means with exact regularity. They consist of successive courses of what has been termed herring-bone work, in 86 Mr. King remarks in his account of this Tower, that "one of the most striking circumstances to be observed with regard to its architecture is, that on all sides, both within and without the Tower, (as well where the casing is left, as where it is torn away,) numerous small square holes still remain; which evidently were used for the timbers of different stages, placed for the construction of the whole, and which point out what was the mode of building. "These holes are, without exception, about six or seven inches square,-and both from them, and from the appearance of the remains of the holes in the substance of the walls in the ruined parts, we may be led to conclude, that there was no great high scaffold, with tall poles, ever set up, in order to build this Tower;-but that, when its walls were raised from the ground nearly as high as it was possible for labourers standing on benches to reach, that then pieces of squared timber were laid on the walls crosswise and pro- jecting; and when these were sufficiently secured from tottering by the incumbent weight of a continuation of the walls upwards, then boards were placed upon the projecting parts, by way of scaffold, to enable the workmen to continue the work still higher. And the mode of their working seems to have been, first to place the regular rows of herring-bone work, and rag-stone bone work, and the alternate regular rows of smooth sand-stones, and of flints, as an outward secure casing; and then to fill up hastily the inward space with flints, chalk, rude fragments of sand-stone, or rag-stone, and mortar flung in carelessly all together. After this, another row of timbers was laid a little higher up, and secured in the same manner and boards were placed upon their projecting parts as before; and the others taken away. And in this manner, by successive stages, it is probable, the whole edifice was constructed much more expeditiously than it would have been with a regular scaffolding;-constructed with the help only of a few ladders, and of no great number of timbers and boards: while such an expeditious mode of building may no less account for the holes not being filled up at the time, than that which has been generally assigned as the reason, their usefulness in aiding in drying of the work."-MUNIMENTA ANTIQUA, vol. iii. pp. 232, 3. TT 2 324 HISTORY OF SURREY. " 8.11- rag-stone;-of rows of flints;-and of layers of thin sand-stone;— the whole, occasionally, intermixed with chalk. The courses of herring-bone work vary from a foot to a foot and a half, and upwards, in breadth; those of flint, from one to two feet, and sometimes con- siderably more; and those of sand-stone, (each course being generally composed of three layers,) from eight to twelve or fourteen inches. In the upper parts of the walls, the flints were continued to the breadth of several feet. At the angles and middle part of each side, are slightly-projecting facings of squared stone, like thin and flat buttresses; the side ones being about four feet and a half in width; and those intermediate, about five feet four inches wide. These but- tress facings were regularly carried up from the basement story to the summit of the walls. From the ground having been removed on the east side to the depth of twelve or fourteen feet, the tower has the appearance of being much higher on that side than any other. -9.102 26 ..26 16........ Drawn and admeasured WEST. PLAN OF THE KEEP-TOWER:-SECOND STORY. In 135---- -211– by J. R. Thompson. GUILDFORD CASTLE-KEEP-TOWER. 325 In its elevation, this tower consists of three stories; and there is, probably, a vault, or dungeon, in the basement story, below the ground;—but all the floors, together with the roof itself, have been long destroyed; and no access can be obtained to the upper stories, except by flights of steps, or ladders. S 87 At the bottom of the wall, on the west side, is the entrance-passage to the ground floor; which is about six feet and a half high; and somewhat more than four feet in width. Though much dilapidated on the outside, it may be ascertained from the inner area, that this passage was arched semi-circularly;—and there are similar arches, nearly opposite to each other, on the north and south sides, which lead by steep flights of steps to small loop-holes, at the height of twelve or fourteen feet. With these exceptions, the walls of this division are, apparently, solid; and there could have been no com- munication with the floor above it, unless by means of a trap-door. That such flooring must have been very strong, is evinced by the many holes, or cavities, which are seen in the walls, in which the supporting timbers were inserted. * The entrance portal to the second, or principal story, is at the height of about fifteen or sixteen feet from the ground on the west side. It must have been originally approached by a flight of steps from the exterior; the platform and other defences of which, most probably, tended also to the security of the entrance to the ground floor. This portal, which is exactly in the middle of the buttress facing, is remarkable from having an outward ornamental arch of the pointed form; while immediately within it, and nearly extending through the passage, the arch is semi-circular. The entrance, which is nine feet seven inches high, and three feet four inches wide, does not appear to have had any portcullis, to defend it; but there are evident remains, within the passage, of places for the insertion of strong timbers, or bars, for its efficient security. The floors, as already stated, are entirely destroyed; but within the thickness of the walls of this story, there are several chambers, and re- cesses, which present characteristics of much interest. Of these, as will be seen from the preceding plan, the chief recess is in the south-west angle :—this, in its general form, has somewhat the appearance of the letter L reversed; and may possibly have been used, both as an 87 Grose, writing about the year 1780, relates on the authority of "an inhabitant of Guildford. whose grandfather saw it done, he being then about ten or twelve years of age," that the roof, being then much decayed, "was taken off about 150 years ago."- This, consequently, must have been done prior to the civil wars in the reign of Charles the First. 326 HISTORY OF SURREY. Oratory, or Chapel, and as a small state bed-room. The ante-room, as it may be called, is between thirteen and fourteen feet in length; and five feet and a half wide; and was lit, from the exterior, by two small loop-holes. Its west end may be considered as forming a part of the Oratory; the extreme length of which is about twenty-four feet eight inches. Here, at the turn, and along the whole of the south side, was a range of Norman arches, rising, in the usual manner, from short columns having large bases and variedly-sculptured capitals. When perfect, the arches on the south side must have been seven in number; but two of them were cut away, to make room for a long rectangular window, which, from its style of architecture, would seem to have been executed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. At the east end are a seat and a step, each a foot and a half wide; which appear to have been connected with the altar. It is a remarkable circumstance, that the whole of the roof, or vaulting, of this part is in the pointed form: its height is about twelve feet. Some uncouth and rudely-executed figures, (mingled with catherine-wheels and other objects scarcely deserving notice,) have been cut upon the walls and columns here; and although of some age, seem altogether extraneous to the original work. They are chiefly in outline; and among them is St. Christo- pher, bearing the infant Christ upon his shoulder;-a Bishop, in a reclined position under an arch, with an antique crown above, and beneath, an unfinished sketch of Christ upon the cross ;--an historical delineation of the Crucifixion, in which St. John and the three Marys are introduced, together with the soldier piercing the side of our Saviour; the Virgin being shewn as fainting in the arms of her compeers;—and a square pilaster, with sculptured ornaments on the capital, similar to several of those in the undercroft at Canterbury. $8 Nearly opposite to the large window in this Oratory, there is an opening towards the inner area; but this, probably, was nothing more than a breach made through the wall at some former period. On the left of the main entrance, (which, as shewn in the plan, was by a passage nearly ten feet long,) is a small rectangular chamber, measuring about seven feet in length, and five in width: this was lit from the exterior by a small circular aperture. In the north-west angle, are the remains of a circular, or newel staircase; the diameter of which was about six feet eight inches. This was dimly lit by small loop-holes, and was continued from this B8 In a miscellaneous plate, in the ANTIQUARIAN REPERTORY, vol. iii. p. 253, 2nd edit. 1808, all the above mentioned subjects were delineated by Capt. Grose; and two other figures, omitted by him, are given in the GENT.'s MAGAZINE for December, 1797, p. 1021. Indications of several of these rude carvings will, also, be found in the annexed print of the interior of this Oratory. GUILDFORD CASTLE-KEEP-TOWER. 327 floor to the summit of the tower; but it had no communication with the lower story. The entrance to this staircase, as well as to an intermediate recess, about five feet three inches long, and four feet and a half wide, was by an arched passage, about twelve feet high, and four feet four inches in width: at the north end of this recess, was one of the original double windows, from which this floor derived a portion of its light. On the north side, near the middle of the wall, was a large fire- hearth and chimney; but from this point upwards, to nearly the top of the upper story, the internal facings are almost wholly destroyed. The partition wall, also, between the chimney and a long narrow apartment within the north-east angle of this story, has been alike removed. In its original state this angular room does not appear to have been separated into two parts; as it subsequently was by a blocking wall at the turn eastward: its entire length is about twenty feet; its width is three feet six inches.89 There are two other arched recesses in this story; each about twelve feet high, and four feet four inches wide; the one in the middle of the east side, and the other near the extremity of the chapel on the south: these open, outwardly, in semi-circular arched windows, now much decayed; each being, originally, divided into two lights by an hexagonal pillar.-From the markings in the surrounding walls, it may be assumed that, when in its perfect state, the internal height of this story was somewhat more than twenty feet. In the walls of the upper story, which appears to have been entered from the circular staircase, both at the north-west angle, and at some distance further eastward, there are fewer recesses than in that just described: and these are in a more ruinous state through the destruc- tion of the roof. On each side, there was one principal recess, or passage, leading to a double window, of similar character to those in the state apartment beneath; the fire-hearth and its chimney were, also, correspondent in situation to those below. But in the south wall of this story, there is an exclusive recess, or chamber, (entered by an oblique passage about five feet in length,) which has an exterior facing, 69 In the annexed print of the interior of the Keep-Tower, which was sketched from the opening of the Oratory, the broken entrance to this apartment is distinctly shewn. It has been somewhat ludicrously remarked by Mr. King, that "If ever there was a place that might excite an idle curiosity to search for hidden treasures, Guildford Castle surely is one. This strange walled up cavity;-the unaccountable circumstance of there being no little closets, or small chambers in the wall of the state apartment above, except one, notwithstanding the great thickness throughout;-and the large dungeon beneath all, with its door so carefully walled up as almost to escape sight, yet, originally so well guarded ;-might easily tempt a sanguine imagination to search."-MUNIMENTA AN- TIQUA, vol. iii. p. 239, note. 328 HISTORY OF SURREY. projecting to some distance beyond the general surface, and resting on brackets. Here, in the floor, are two large openings, or machicolations, hanging over the side of the castle; which, says Mr. King, "appear to be directly over the door of the dungeon, at a great depth beneath; and designed to guard it, either by means of stones cast down, or melted lead, arrows, or lances,—should any escape from the dungeon, or any attack upon its door be attempted."" The dungeon entrance is supposed by this gentleman to have been at the lower part of the tower, near the south-east angle; where, "on close inspection, is found a door-case, now stopped up with large square stones; and so level with the surface of the rest of the structure, that it may easily escape notice."" No machicolations are discoverable in any other place; although, when this tower was in a perfect state, it may be surmised, that the great entrance portal was defended in a similar manner from projecting works under the parapet. The recess itself, which is not more than five feet in length, and four feet three inches wide, receives light from a small semi-circular window near the top. This tower has been surrounded by a deep foss and vallum; but the former has been partially filled up, and the whole appropriated as a garden and a pleasure ground. From the vallum, as well as from the ruined walls of the keep, the prospects are extensive, and in some directions very fine. That immediately under the eye to the west and south-west, commanding the vale of the river Wey, and all its pic- turesque heights around, is extremely beautiful. Within the small inner ballium, opposite to the west front of the keep, Mr. King, writing about 1804, states there was a well, “now quite filled up, but which is perfectly remembered to have been open, by persons now living. The course of the outer walls of this fortress may be readily traced; and on the west, in Quarry-street, are the remains of the ancient entrance-gate, which was defended by a portcullis, as appears by the grooves. On a tablet over the gateway are the initials J. C. and the date 1699; at which time, possibly, some repairs were made by Mr. John Carter, to whom the property then appertained. 93 ""92 Between two hundred and fifty and three hundred yards from this spot, in the chalky ridge on which the castle stands, there is a series of caverns, or excavations, which have been vaguely supposed to have had a communication with this fortress; but no valid evidence has been found to warrant that conjecture. ⁹⁰ Vide MUNIMENTA Antiqua, vol. iii. p. 240; and Pl. xxxii. fig. 1; and pl. xxxiv. fig. 9. 94 MUNIMENTa Antiqua, vol. iii. p. 233. 92 Id. p. 231. 99 It should be mentioned that Mr. Elkins, the present tenant, is under an agreement to let the Castle-house and grounds for the use of the Judges at the Assizes. CHALK CAVERNS AT GUILDFORD. 329 α ་་་ ..... ་་ 10 20 3,0 40 50 GROUND PLAN OF THE CHALK CAVERNS, AND ENTRANCE TO THE SAME. The following account of these excavations is given by Mr. Grose;— but they are now closed up, and said to be connected with the cess- pools of the county gaol.--"The entrance is near Quarry street, facing towards the west, whence there is a small descent into a cave about forty-five feet long, twenty feet wide, and nine or ten high. Near the entrance, on either hand, are two lower passages, which, when I saw them, were nearly closed up by fragments of fallen chalk; but, according to a plan made by Mr. Bunce, a stone-mason, anno 1763, that on the north-east stretches towards the north-west seventy- five feet, opening by degrees from two to twelve feet. From this passage, on the north-east side, run five chambers, or cavities, of different sizes; the least being seventy, and the largest one hundred feet in length: their breadths are likewise various, but all widen gradually from their entrance, the biggest from two to twenty-two feet. On the south side of the entrance, as before observed, is another passage opening into a large cave, which is shaped somewhat like a carpenter's square, or the letter L., the angle pointing due south: its breadth is upwards of thirty feet, and the length of its two sides taken together about 120 feet: the height of these excavations is not mentioned, neither is there any section annexed to the plan. > 94 94 Grose's ANTIQUITIES, vol. v. pp. 95, 6.-The above wood-cut is copied, but reduced, from the engraving of Mr. Bunce's plan inserted in that work. VOL. I. UU 330 HISTORY OF SURREY. The buildings of the outer ballium of this castle, on the north, are supposed to have had some connexion with those subsequently erected in the High-street; and it may possibly have been so, although the facts have not been clearly ascertained. In respect, however, to the two ancient CRYPTS, the one under a dwelling-house on the south side (No. 115), and the other now forming a portion of the opposite cellars of the Angel inn, on the north side of that street, (which have been regarded as the castle souterrains,) such a connexion may be reason- ably questioned. They appear, indeed, to have far more the character of underground chapels to religious foundations, than of appurtenances to a baronial fortress. The architectural style of both crypts is strictly similar; and they bear a strong resemblance to that of Waver- ley abbey, in this county, which appears to have been constructed about the middle of the thirteenth century. There is not, however, the least historical evidence known respecting these buildings; and even tradition is silent in respect to any ecclesiastical foundations, as formerly existing here, to which they could have been attached." The Crypt on the south, which some years ago was occupied as a wine cellar, is about thirty-two feet six inches in length, by nineteen feet and a half in breadth. It has a groined roof, supported in the central line by two circular columns, each about five feet six inches high, and one foot six inches in diameter;-from the capitals of which, and from the sculptured corbels, of human heads, attached to the walls, spring a series of intersecting ribs, forming pointed arches, the extreme height of which is about nine feet six inches. The principal entrance is by a descending flight of steps from the street; but there has been another entrance, at the south end, by a second flight, which is now blocked up. On the east side, also, there is an indication of another passage, about six feet in height, and two feet four inches wide. The Crypt at the Angel inn is nearly of the same dimensions as the foregoing; it length being thirty-one feet two inches, and its breadth nineteen feet. The groinings, also, are very similar; but the sculptured corbels from which the ribs spring, are of a different character, and exhibit foliage instead of heads. The bases of the two supporting columns are, also, much larger; but this arises, probably, from some clumsy repairs which they have undergone. They have. no capitals, and the intersecting groins which spring from them, and support the roof, are but very slightly pointed. The extreme height 95 Both Crypts are noticed by Grose, but described inaccurately. 96 This Crypt, and the east end of St. Mary's church, are represented in the engraving annexed to the account of the latter edifice. TRINITY CHURCH, GUILDFORD. 331 of this crypt is ten feet three inches. From the passage leading to it, there appear to have been some other vaults and communications, which are now blocked up. The town of Guildford extends into three parishes; two of which, namely, those of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, and St. Mary the Blessed Virgin, are on the east side of the river Wey; whilst the parish of St. Nicholas is on the west side of that river. The livings of the two former were consolidated by an Act of Parliament, passed in 1699, for settling augmentations on certain small vicarages, &c.; but the parishes remain distinct as to all rates and assessments on account of their respective churches, or for the support of the poor. The benefice of the parish of the Holy Trinity is a rectory, in the deanery of Stoke, and is valued in the King's Books at 117. 11s. d. St. Mary's, which is also a rectory, and in the same deanery, is valued in the King's Books at 127. 5s. 5d. The advowsons, both of this and Trinity church, were given by William Testard, lord of the manor, who died about the 14th of Henry the Third, to the priory of Merton; and on the suppression of that monastery in 1538, the patronage became vested in the crown. The revenue of the united livings has been augmented by an endowment of 3007., private benefaction, and a parliamentary grant of the same amount. At the present time, the net income amounts to about 1577. annually. TRINITY CHURCH is situated on an elevated spot, on the south side of the High-street. The old church was an ancient structure, which becoming decayed, about 1739, it was repaired at the expense of 7507. by the inhabitants of the town; but the arches and pillars which supported the steeple having, on that occasion, been imprudently removed, the tower fell, on the 23rd of April, 1740, beat in the roof, and damaged the whole fabric in such a manner, that it was found requisite to have it entirely taken down. Previously to the accident, apprehensions of danger had led to a survey of the building; and the steeple being pronounced to be in a very unsafe state, divine service was suspended after Sunday, April the 20th, and workmen were employed to repair and strengthen it. On the Wednesday following, the accident happened; and such was the violence with which the roof was driven in that, it is said, all the glass windows were blown out, through the compression of the air, as if it had been done by a blast of gunpowder. The workmen had quitted the place about a quarter of an hour before the accident, and no person was injured, though a great many were spectators; it being the fair-day." In the following year, a brief was granted to solicit money for the 97 Russell, GUILDFORD, pp. 51. 52. UU 2 332 HISTORY OF SURREY. re-edification of the church; on which was collected 4677.; the representatives of the borough subscribed 2007.; the bishop of Win- chester, 50%.; the Right Hon. Arthur Onslow, 250l.; Richard, Lord Onslow, 150%.; and Arthur Allen, esq. a master in Chancery, 2007. In 1755, when some progress had been made in the work, an Act of Parliament was procured, empowering the parishioners to sell some houses and lands which had been given for the purpose of keeping the church in repair;—and to apply the produce to the completion of the new edifice. The first stone of the new building had been laid on August the 22nd, 1749; and the church was opened for public worship on Sunday, September the 18th, 1763. This is a capacious edifice of red brick, eighty-two feet in length, and fifty-two feet and a half wide; but it has no architectural pretensions deserving of comment. At the west end is a square tower, embattled, about ninety feet in height, in which are eight tuneable bells, and a great clock with an excellent set of chimes: the weight of the tenor bell is 254 cwt. The interior of the church is neatly fitted up, and contains large side-galleries, and an organ gallery at the west end. At the east end is a spacious semi-circular recess, reaching nearly to the roof, including the communion table, creed, &c.; and in the east window is a representation of our Saviour on the cross, of but little merit. The Organ, which is a peculiarly fine-toned instrument, was erected in 1820, by the late Mr. William Russell, 98 (musical professor,) who officiated as organist until a few months previous to his decease in 1839; but the funds which were at first raised being inadequate to its completion, it was never heard to perfection until lately. The present rector, (the Rev. Henry Ayling, A.M.) on being preferred to this united benefice in 1838, collected subscriptions to the amount of three hundred pounds, for the repair of the organs in both his churches; which was effected by Mr. Gray, in the following year, who added pedals to this organ.-Here is a small font of white marble. In the old church were many monuments and inscribed brasses; some few of the latter being of as early a date as the fifteenth century. Among those which escaped destruction when the roof fell in, was the 98 This ingenious man, who was a younger brother of Mr. J. Russell, R.A. the celebrated painter in crayons, was a native of this parish, and born in the year 1751. The great clock, as well as the organ, was constructed by himself; and the chimes were of his own composition. His son, Mr. George Russell, is the present organist. The organ contains the following stops :-In the Great Organ-STOP DIAPASON; OPEN DIAPASON; PRINCIPAL; FIFTEENTH; TWELFTH; CORNET; SESQUIALTRA: TRUMPET. Choir Organ-STOP DIAPASON; DULCIANA; PRINCIPAL; FLUTE; CREMONA. Swell— STOP DIAPASON; OPEN DIAPASON; PRINCIPAL; TRUMPET; HAUTBOY. MONUMENT OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. 333 stately fabric erected by Sir Maurice Abbot, knt. about the year 1640, in commemoration of his elder brother, GEORGE, ARCHBISHOP of Canterbury, who was buried in the 'Chapel of Our Lady,' which formed a part of the old edifice. This monument, which is in ex- cellent preservation, has been replaced against the east wall at the end of the south aisle. It consists of an altar-tomb; upon which, (surmounted by an enriched canopy) is a recumbent statue of the archbishop finely sculptured in white marble. He is represented in his episcopal and parliamentary robes, with his right hand resting on the Holy Scriptures, and his head reposing on a large cushion, on which are these words- Obiit An°. D. 1633. Augusti die 4°. Anno Ætat. 71. The canopy is sustained by six columns of black marble (based on pedestals of clasped books) and surmounted by nine small allegorical figures in devotional attitudes. There are also, in niches at the east end of the tomb, two larger figures, a male and a female, distinguished, respectively, by the words Hinc Lumen, and Hic Gratia. Several small shields bearing the arms of the deceased, viz.-Gules, a chevron between three pears, stalked, Or; impaled with those of the See of Canterbury, are affixed to the sides of the entablature; and within an iron grating at the west end of the tomb, skulls and bones are sculp- tured as though lying confusedly together in a sepulchre. On two large tablets attached to this monument, are the following inscriptions:- Sacrum Memoriæ Honoratissimi Archipræsulis Doctoris GEORGI ABBOT: Qui hanc natalibus Guilfordia, Studiis literarum Oxonia decoravit, ubi Socius primo Colleg. Baliol, dein Coll. Univer- sitatis Præfectus, & Academiæ Procancellarius laudatissimus ; prudentiæ, pietatis, Eruditionis æstimatione adeò gratiam pientissimi Regumque omnium Doctissimi Jacobi, Magn. Brit. Monarchæ, promeruit, ut post Decanatum Winton., ad Episcopatum Covent. & Lichf. mox ad London. statim ad Cant. Archiepiscopatum, & totius Angliæ Primatum, & ad Sacratissimi Concilii Regii Senatum cito subvolaret: cumq; inde altius in terris non posset, cœlos petiit, dierum, honorum plenus. Fratri, eidemq; Patri summe venerando, Mauricius Abbot Eques Auratus merentissimo morentissimus hic æviternum parentat. Æternæ Memoriæ Sacrum. Magni hic (Hospes) Hospitis monumenta vides, sed mortui; videris viventis etiam viventia. Quod pagum hunc utriusq: Sexus ptocho-trophio sumptuoso, Provinciæ suæ metropolim Aquæductu specioso ornavit.99 Quod Primas annos 22, præsiderit, duum optimorum R. R. consiliis inservierit, Carolum pium Diademate & unctione, sacravit, Quod R. Jacobi jussu Ecclesias olim Scotia perlustravit; Quod curâ ipsius eundem R. erudi- tissimum Academia Oxon. allubescentiâ mirâ exceperit, sibiq; tum Burgenses Parliamenti, tum auctiores Professorum reditus impetravit. Quanti hæc! sed quod pie, patienter, lubenter tanta liquerit, hoc unum in ultimis recensendum, in primis censendum censeas Hospes, & valeas. 99 The Conduit which this Prelate erected in Canterbury is thus curiously alluded to 334 HISTORY OF SURREY. This prelate was born at Guildford, on the 29th of October, 1562: he was the second of the six sons of Maurice Abbot, a cloth-worker, and Alice (Marsh) his wife, whom he had married in this town. His father, according to Fuller, "suffered for his stedfastness in the Pro- testant Religion, through the means of Dr. Story, who was a great persecutor of such persons in the reign of Queen Mary; and, indeed, had Story been a Bonner, Alice for her zeal had suffered martyrdom. But these storms of persecution being blown over, they passed the remainder of their days quietly, living together fifty-eight years. 99 100 Aubrey states that he was born at the first house over the bridge in St. Nicholas's parish, which, in 1692,-was "a public-house, known by the sign of the Three Mariners. His mother, when she was with child of him, dreamt that if she could eat a Jack or pike, her son in her womb would be a great man. Upon this she was indefatigable to satisfy her longing, as well as her dream. She first enquired out for this fish; but accidentally taking up some of the river water (that runs close by the House) in a pail, she took up the much desired Banquet, dressed it, and devoured it almost all. This odd affair made no small noise in the neighbourhood, and the curiosity of it made several people of quality offer themselves to be sponsors at the bap- tismal fount," when the child was christened; and this the poverty of the parents joyfully accepted. Such is the local tradition relative to the birth of the future archbishop of Canterbury, which Aubrey by John Bulteel, in his dedication to the archbishop of his book intituled "The Christian Combate."- "And that which among other things makes your Grace famous, is your munificence; which appeareth not onely in your founded Hospital at Gildford, but also in that Mausoleum Conduit which your Grace hath caused to be built in this City of Canterbury. A Fountaine,-not fabulously sprung up, as that of Thomas Becket, who lying at his old house at Oxford, seeing that it wanted a fit spring to water it, strooke his staffe into the drie ground, in the place thereof now called St. Thomas well; where water immediately appeared. A Fountaine,-not as that of the citie of Canterbury in the self same Becket's time, fondly reported to cure all diseases by his meanes: for what disease was there belonging to man or woman which was not healed with the water at Canterbury ?-But this is a Fountaine naturally springing out of the earth, conveied to this citie by pipes, cast into a great, strong, and faire cisterne with cost and expenses; and that, (as the two Histories of Moses striking the Rocke and Jacob's well, painted on the Conduit, doe represent) for the use and benefit of God's people, for the cleansing of the streets, and for the quenching of the fire in time of danger. And these two emblems may also fitly represent the Water of Life, which springeth from Jesus Christ the rocke and wel-spring of life, which your Grace causeth to runne in the House of God, under our dread Soveraigne, to the refreshing the souls of the faithfull." 100 Fuller, ABEL REDIVIVUS, p. 540; 4to; 1651.-From an inscription on a brass plate that was in the old church of Trinity, it appears that the Archbishop's parents died within ten days of each other, in September, 1606; his father being then eighty-six years of age, and his mother eighty. MEMOIR OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. 335 relates on the testimony of "the minister, and several of the most sober inhabitants of the place." C 1 After being instructed in the rudiments of learning in the Free Grammar school at Guildford, in 1578 young Abbot became a student at Baliol College, Oxford, where he took the degree of Bachelor of Arts; and in November, 1583, he was chosen a probationer-fellow of his college. He then entered into holy orders, and obtained dis- tinction in the University as a preacher. In May, 1597, he proceeded Doctor of Divinity; and in the month of September, the same year, he was elected Master of University College; when he resigned his fellowship. His first publication was a Latin work, relating to the discussion of six Theological Questions,' in the schools of Oxford, which appeared in 1598; and which was republished in Germany, in 1616. On the sixth of March, 1599, when at the age of thirty-seven, he obtained his first preferment in the church, the deanery of Winchester. He held the office of Vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1600, and again in 1603, and in 1605. In 1600, the Cross, which had anciently stood in Cheapside, London, was taken down in order that it might be repaired; and on this occasion the puritanical citizens applied to both the Universities for advice as to the question, whether the said Cross should be re-erected with or without the characteristic ornament of a crucifix; and Dr. Abbot, as vice-chancellor of Oxford, gave it as his opinion, that the crucifix with the dove upon it should not be again set up, but approved rather of a pyramid, or some other matter of mere ornament. His recommendation was followed, notwithstanding the opposition of Dr. Bancroft, the bishop of London. Abbot acted on the same principles at Oxford; where he caused several superstitious pictures,' as they were termed, to be burnt in the market-place; and among them, "one with the figure of God the Father, over a crucifix, ready to receive the soul of Christ." He published a tract in vindication of his senti- ments; in which he gives his reasons for recommending the demolition of crucifixes in painted glass, or other such ornaments. It must be acknowledged, however, that he advises that such works of destruction should be "done decently and in order.”* Dr. Abbot was one of the learned divines who were employed in the translation of the New Testament, forming a part of the English Bible published by royal authority in the reign of James the First. 1 Aubrey, SURREY, vol. iii. pp. 280, 81. 2 See Cheapside Cross censured and condemned, by a Letter sent from the Vice Chancellor of Oxford, &c. in Answer to a Question propounded by the Citizens of London. 1641; 4to. 336 HISTORY OF SURREY. He was patronized by the Earl of Dorset; after whose death in 1608, he became chaplain to George Hume, earl of Dunbar, one of the favourites of King James; and going to Scotland with that noble- man, he obtained considerable influence among the Presbyterian clergy; and appears to have contributed much to the introduction of Episcopacy into that kingdom. To his conduct on that occasion may be ascribed both the estimation in which his talents were held at court, and his rapid advancement in the church. While Dr. Abbot was in Scotland, one George Sprot, a notary of Aymouth, was prosecuted for concealing his knowledge of the conspiracy against the king, for which the Earl of Gowrie and his brother were put to death in 1600. Sprot was convicted, and executed; and an account of his trial drawn up by Sir William Hart, the judge before whom it took place, was published in 1608, with a long preface, or introduction, by Abbot; whose composition appears to have interested the king in favour of the author, who was by no means sparing of his flattery on this occasion. In December, 1609, he was made bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; and in the month of February following, he was translated to the see of London; whence in March, 1611, he was raised to the archbishopric of Canterbury. On the twenty-third of June, the same year, he was sworn a member of the Privy-council. In the high station he had now attained, both in the church and state, Abbot acted a prominent part on various occasions. He employed his influence with the king against the Arminians, not in this country only, but also in foreign states; and he appears, also, to have persuaded James to interfere in the proceed- ings against Conrad Vorstius (professor at Leyden), who was pro- secuted for Arminianism in Holland." ³ The proofs of this will be found in the following extract of a Letter, (dated at the Hague, 9th of October, 1611,) addressed by Sir Ralph Winwood to Mr. Trumbull, the Resident at Brussels.-"We are at thys tyme much embroyled by the choice the Curateurs of the University of Leyden have made of one Conradus Vorstius, to be one of their Professors in Divinity in that University. He is a man of Learning, and long hath professed in Steinfurt, a School belonging to the Counts of Bentham. But yt seems by certain Bookes which lately he hath published, namely, one which is intituled 'De Attributis Dei,' he doth maintain many capricious, and fantastical Opinions, which hath caused many sharp and violent disputes amongst our Ministers in Holland, almost to a playne rupture and schism between them. The knowledge whereof being come to the notice of our Lord of Canterbury, out of the care he hath to preserve Religion in its ancient Purity and Integrity, he hath so far prevayled with his Majesty, that from him I have had charge publicly to Protest agaynst the reception of thys Vorstius, which I have done in the Assembly of the States Generall. What will be the issue I dare not promise, but I presume the States will so well understand what is for the Honor of their State, and the entertainment of Amity between his Majesty and them, that although at this tyme he be at Leyden, where he lurketh privily, he shall be sent back, and not admitted to publick Profession." Vide Winwood's MEMORIALS, vol. iii. p. 296. UNIV OF MEMOIR OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. 337 Not only in this, but in some other instances, the conduct of the archbishop to those of a different faith, can hardly be contemplated in any other light than that of religious persecution :-of which a dis- tinct and striking proof has been recently afforded through the publication of The EGERTON PAPERS,' by the Camden Society. To himself and his royal master, indeed, as appears from those records, may be ascribed the chief infamy of rekindling the fires of Smithfield for the punishment of "an obstinate Arian heretique," as Howes calls him, of the name of Bartholomew Legate. With this man, who was accused of inclining to the errors of Socinianism, as well as of denying the orthodoxy of the Nicene and Athanasian creeds, James, assisted by several bishops, held a personal conference; but having failed to convert his opponent by argument, and being displeased with his replies, he spurned at him with his foot, and he was committed to Newgate. Whilst thus in confinement, Abbot and the king took undue measures to ensure his condemnation to the stake; and on the 3rd of March, 1611-12, he was brought before the Consistory court. of St. Paul's, where John King, the bishop of London, presided. Refusing to recant his opinions, sentence was pronounced against him, as "an obdurate, contumacious, and incorrigible Heretic"; and by an instrument called a Significavit,' signed by the bishop, he was delivered up to the secular power. Soon after, the king, by his letters under the privy seal, gave orders to the lord-chancellor, (Elles- mere,) to issue the writ de Hæretico comburendo,' to the Sheriffs of London, for the burning of Legate; who was accordingly committed to the flames in Smithfield, on the 18th of March, in the above year. In the following month, (April the 11th,) another victim to the vengeful spirit of polemical intolerance was burned to death at Litch- field: this was Edward Wightman, who was charged with "enter- taining the errors of ten Hæresiarchs;" among whom were enumerated Cerinthus, Manichæus, Simon Magus, and the Anabaptists! But however wild were the opinions of this poor wretch, they proved only, that he was more fitted to become the inmate of a madhouse, than to be made the object of a state prosecution. 6 4 Howes' Stow, ANNALES, p. 591: fol. 1615. 5 5 Fuller, CHURCH HISTORY OF BRITAIN; fol. B. x. pp. 63, 4.-Miss Aikin, after speaking of the executions of Legate and Wightman, thus continues :-"A third victim was prepared; but the lawyers had started several objections to the legality of the proceedings; and it was discovered that such examples, however salutary in themselves, were no longer adapted to the state of public sentiment in England. A dangerous compassion was excited by the constancy of sufferers, who refused, even at the stake, to save themselves by a recantation; and on the whole, it was judged preferable in future to suffer such culprits to moulder away in solitary dungeons removed from the sight and sympathy of every fellow creature."-MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF KING James the FIRST, vol. i. p. 386. VOL. I. XX 338 HISTORY OF SURREY. About two months prior to the execution of Legate, viz. on the 21st of January, a letter, dated from Lambeth, of which the following is a copy, was addressed to the Lord-chancellor by Archbishop Abbot:- "To the right honorable my very good L. the L. Ellesmere, L. Chancelor of England, geve these. "My very good Lord. His Majestie being carefull that justice should proceede against those two blasphemous heretikes, Legate and Wightman, gave me in charge that before the terme, when the Judges drewe towards the towne, I should make his Majesties pleasure knowne unto your Lordship. And that is, that your Lordship should call unto you three or foure of the Judges, and take their resolution concerning the force of lawe in that behalfe, that so with expedition these evill persons may receive the recompence of their pride and impiety. His Majestie did thinke the Judges of the Kinges Benche to bee fittest to be dealt withall in this argument, as unto whom the knowledge of causes capital doth most ordinarily appertaine:—and, as I conceived, his Highnesse did not muche desire that the Lord Coke should be called there unto, lest by his singularitie in opinion he should give staye to the businesse. So, hoping shortly to see your Lordship abroade, with remembrance of my best love, I remaine, Your Lo Dovery loving fiende G: Cant: This letter had its intended effect, as will be evident from the one which follows;-which must have been written by Abbot after an in- tervening letter had been received from the chancellor. His lordship's "choice of the judges" was approved of by the archbishop; and the result, as might at once be foreseen, was the execution by fire of the "two blasphemous heretikes," whose case was thus referred to the decision of persons expressly selected to consign them to the stake. The exclusion of Lord Coke from such a conference redounds greatly to the honour of the integrity and independence of that learned lawyer. "My very good Lord. I cannot chuse but well approve your Lordships choise of the judges. And if any more should bee added, I distrust not but Justice Crooke would do well. Mr. Justice Williams was with mee the other day, who maketh no doubt but that the lawe is cleere to burne them. Hee told me also of his utter dislike of all the Lord Coke his courses, and that himselfe and Baron Altham did once very roundly let the Lord Coke knowe their minde, that he was not such a maister of the lawe as hee did take on him, to deliver what he list for lawe, and to dispise all other. I finde the Kinges Atturney and Soliciter to bee throughly resolved in this present businesse. My servant Hart is at this present out of the way, but as soone as he cometh in hee shall waite upon your Lordship. And so, wishing your Lordship ease and health, I remaine, Your Lordships very ready to do you service, Lambith, Januar 22, 1611.” 6 See THE EGERTON PAPERS, pp. 447, 448; quarto, 1840. G. CANT. KEN DRIVETRAIN UNIV THOP MEMOIR OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. 339 The conduct of the archbishop in the infamous affair of the divorce of the Countess of Essex, previous to her marriage with the Earl of Somerset, the king's favourite, is more praiseworthy. For being appointed a member of the court of delegates to whom the decision of the case was referred, he was one of those who refused to sanction the divorce, although he knew that the king was desirous that it should take place. He likewise published a vindication of his senti- ments; to which his Majesty vouchsafed an answer in print; and thus the business terminated. He again ventured to oppose the inclinations of his royal master, who, in 1618, published a Declaration, authorizing sports and pastimes on Sundays. This was highly annoying to the archbishop, who, how much soever he might wish to gratify his patron, could not overcome his puritanical feelings sufficiently to co-operate in a proceeding which he deemed irreligious. The Declaration was ordered to be read in churches; and Abbot being at Croydon at the time, openly forbade the reading of it there. Those who were ill-disposed towards him endeavoured to prejudice the king against him, for his seeming contumacy; but their efforts were unsuccessful. In the following year, the archbishop founded his Hospital at Guildford. It has been asserted, that this work of charity was designed as an atonement for an accidental homicide which he com- mitted; but this is a mistake; for the latter unfortunate occurrence took place about two years after the foundation. Being on a visit to Lord Zouch at Bramshill-park, in Berkshire, and riding out in the park, July the 24th, 1621, his lordship, who was with him, asked him to try if he could not hit a deer with a shaft from a cross-bow. He complied, and let fly a barbed arrow; when Peter Hawkins, a park- keeper, riding carelessly between the archbishop and the deer, was struck in the fleshy part of his arm; and a large artery being wounded, the man bled to death.' Abbot gave a pension of twenty pounds, annually, to the widow of the deceased; and he also kept a monthly fast, during the remainder of his life, on Tuesday, the day of the week on which the disaster occurred. The king's behaviour on the occasion was consolatory to the involuntary offender. He quaintly observed, that "an angel might have miscarried in that sort:" and 7 In a tract republished in Spelman's Works, (fol. 1727,) intituled "An Apology for Archbishop Abbot touching the death of Peter Hawkins," &c. (and which, though ascribed to "an unknown Hand," is supposed to have been written by the Archbishop himself,) the following passage occurs, in respect to the man so unfortunately killed.- "The party agent was about no unlawful work: for what he did was in the day, in the presence of forty or fifty persons, the Lord Zouch, who was owner of the Park, not only standing by, but inviting to hunt and shoot; and all persons in the field were called upon XX 2 340 HISTORY OF SURREY. being informed of the penalty his grace had incurred through the homicide, he wrote a letter, in which he told him, that "he would not add affliction to his sorrow, nor take one farthing from his chat- tels or moveables, which were forfeited by law." The archbishop's clerical brethren did not manifest the same liberality towards him; for some, who were afterwards nominated to bishoprics, scrupled to receive consecration from him. A commission, consisting of ten persons, was therefore appointed to determine, whether he had incurred any irregularity through the involuntary homicide; and their sentence being favourable, was confirmed by a pardon and dispensation under the great seal; which acts of grace restored him to the exercise of his metropolitical functions. Archbishop Abbot attended King James in his last illness, in 1625; and performed his part at the coronation of his successor, Charles the First. That prince, however, in the early part of his reign, was under the influence of the Duke of Buckingham, who, though he owed his first introduction at court in some measure to Abbot, was ill-disposed towards him. He soon found occasion to display his animosity: for Dr. Sibthorpe, vicar of Brackley, having preached a political sermon at Northampton, in 1627, which contained doctrines not approved of by the archbishop, he refused to license it, notwithstanding the king's directions, on which he was ordered to retire from court; and a commission was issued to the bishop of London and others, to execute the archiepiscopal functions. He was however recalled, and apparently restored to favour in a short time, taking his seat at the council table; and he was present in the parliament assembled in March, 1628, in which he advantageously distinguished himself as an advocate for the Petition of Right. In December, 1629, he received a paper drawn up by Bishop Laud, who ultimately became his successor, intituled “His Majesty's Instructions to the most reverend Father in God, George, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, containing certain orders to be observed and put in execution by the several Bishops in his Province." Whilst, however, he thought it prudent to transmit the royal declara- tion to his suffragan bishops, he appears to have managed the affairs of his own diocese as he thought proper. One of the latest of his . to stand far off, partly for avoiding harm, and partly lest they should disturb the game; and all in the field performed what was desired. And this course did the Lord Archbishop use to take when or wheresoever he did shoot; as all persons at any time present can And the witness, never any man being more solicitous thereof than he evermore was. morning when the deed was done, the Keeper was twice warned to stay behind, and not to run forward; but he carelessly did otherwise, when he that shot could take no notice of his galloping in before the bow as may be seen by the verdict of the Coroner's Inquest."-See RELIQUIE SPELMANNIANÆ, pp. 108, 9. MEMOIR OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. 341 acts of pastoral authority demonstrated that he was not altogether negligent of the rites and discipline of the national church over which he presided. This was, the issue of a mandate to the parishioners of Crayford in Kent, requiring that they should kneel on the steps leading to the communion-table, at the administration of the Eucharist. This order was dated July 3, 1633; and on the 4th of August, the same year, the archbishop died at his palace at Croydon; and he was interred, in compliance with his express direction, "in the chapel of Our Lady, within the Church of the Holy Trinity at Guildford." 8 The character of Archbishop Abbot has been repeatedly drawn, and very differently coloured, according to the opposite opinions or principles of the writers. Lord Clarendon says" He was a man of very morose manners, and a very sour aspect, which in that time was called gravity; and under the opinion of that virtue, and by the recommendation of the Earl of Dunbar, the King's first Scotch favourite, he was preferred by King James to the Bishopric of Coventry and Litchfield, and presently after to London, before he had been parson, vicar, or curate of any parish church in England, or Dean, or prebendary of any cathedral church; and was in truth totally ignorant of the true constitution of the Church of England, and the state and interest of the Clergy." Sanderson, Dr. Heylin, and others, have bestowed similar censures on the conduct of the archbishop and his government of the church; unfavourably con- trasting his proceedings with those of his predecessor Bancroft, and his successor Laud. Dr. Welwood, on the contrary, praises Abbot, as "a person of wonderful temper and moderation, who in all his conduct shewed an unwillingness to stretch the Act of Uniformity beyond what was absolutely necessary for the peace of the Church; or the prerogative of the Crown any farther than conduced to the good of the state.' Dr. Heylin, in reference to Archbishop Abbot, says " Marks of his beneficence we find none in the places of his breeding and pre- ferments, but a fair Hospital, well-built and liberally endowed, in the place of his birth."" This statement only displays the ignorance and carelessness of the writer; for the munificence of Abbot was mani- 8 The noble historian is here mistaken; for Abbot was made Dean of Winchester in 1598, or 1599, ten years before he was raised to his seat on the Bench of Bishops. See Wood, ATHENE OXONIENSES, vol. i. col. 584 and Le Neve, FASTI ECCLESIÆ ANGLI- CANE, p. 289. 9 HISTORY OF THE REBELLION, vol. i. p. 137; edit. Oxford, 1807. 10 Welwood, MEMOIRS of Transactions in England for the last hundred years; 1700; 8vo; p. 38. "Heylin, LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP LAUD, p. 245. 342 HISTORY OF SURREY. fested in various benefactions to the University of Oxford, in the erection of a conduit for public use at Canterbury, and in donations to the poor of Guildford, Croydon, and Lambeth; as well as in the foundation of the hospital at Guildford." Abbot, says Mr. Arthur Onslow, "was eminent for piety and a care for the poor; and his hospitality fully answered the injunction King James laid on him, which was to carry his house nobly, and live like an archbishop.' C 913 Besides the publications already noticed, Archbishop Abbot was the author of an Exposition of the Prophecy of Jonah,' in certain Sermons preached at St. Mary's church, Oxford, 1600; and a Brief Description of the Whole World,' which passed through several editions; together with several tracts, chiefly on theological subjects ; Speeches in Parliament; and Letters. Ik Thorn Will 翅​型 ​UITE யம் BIRTH-PLACE OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT. The humble abode, which his townsmen still shew as the Birth-place of Archbishop Abbot, stands near the east end of the bridge, on the 12 Le Neve, LIVES OF THE PROTESTANT ARCHBISHOPS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND; 1720; 8vo; pp. 113-116. 13 LIFE OF DR. GEORGE ABBOT, Archbishop of Canterbury; reprinted, with additions, from the Biographia Britannica'; Guildford, 1777; 8vo; p. 53*. MONUMENT OF THE SPEAKER ONSLOW. 343 north side, and immediately within the gateway connected with the brewing establishment of Mr. James Crooke. It is now a mere cottage tenement (with modern alterations); but may, possibly, have been of more consequence originally. Among the other memorials in Trinity church, which best deserve notice, is the cenotaph of the celebrated Speaker, ARTHUR ONSLOW, who was buried in the family vault of the Onslows at Merrow. This consists, principally, of an altar-tomb of free-stone, considerably elevated, at the east end of the north aisle. Upon the tomb, in a reclining position, is the figure of the deceased in a Roman habit; his right arm extended, and his left resting on divers volumes of the Votes and Journals of the House of Commons, from which issue two scrolls, inscribed as follow: Votes of the House of Commons. Mercurii 18°. Die Martii, 1761. Resolved, Nemine Contradicente,-That the Thanks of this House be given to Mr. Speaker, for his constant and unwearied Attendance in the Chair, during the course of above Thirty-three Years, in Five successive Parliaments; for the unshaken Integrity, and steady Impartiality of his Conduct there, and for the indefatigable pains he has, with uncommon Abilities, constantly taken to promote the real Interest of his King and Country, to maintain the Honour and Dignity of Parliament, and to preserve inviolably the Rights and Privileges of the Commons of Great Britain. Resolved, Nem. Con.-That an humble Address be presented to his Majesty, That he will be graciously pleased to confer some signal mark of his Royal Favour on the Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow, Speaker of this House, and to assure his Majesty, That what- ever expence his Majesty shall think proper to be incurred on that account, this House will make good the same.¹ Jovis 19°. Die Martii, 1761. Mr. Vice-Chamberlain reported his Majesty's most gracious Answer, viz.-That his Majesty has the justest sense of the long Services and great Merit of Mr. Onslow, present Speaker of the House of Commons, and had already taken the same into his consideration; and that he will do therein what shall appear to his Majesty to be most proper, agreeably to the Desire of his faithful Commons. In front of the tomb, on the base, are the following inscriptions, in two compartments, viz.- Sacred to the Memory of the RIGHT HONOURABLE ARTHUR ONSLOW, Esq; Eldest Son of Foot Onslow, Esq; (who was Second Son of Sir Arthur Onslow, Baronet, of West Clandon, and Brother to Richard, the first Lord Onslow, a Commissioner of Excise, and several years Member in 14 In consequence of the above address, an annual pension of 3,000l. was voted to Mr. Speaker Onslow, with reversion to his only son, George, who was raised to the peerage in May, 1776, by the title of Baron Cranley, of Imber Court: in the October following, on the death of his cousin Richard, third Lord Onslow, he succeeded to that title; and eventually, (viz. on June the 19th, 1801,) he was created Viscount Cranley, of Cranley, and Earl of Onslow. 344 HISTORY OF SURREY. Parliament for this Town) by Susannah his Wife, Daughter of Thomas Anlaby, Esq; of Anlaby in Yorkshire. He was first Burgess in Parliament for this Borough, afterwards Knight of the Shire for this County, and Speaker of the House of Commons during the whole reign of King George the Second; Chancellor to his Royal Consort Queen Caroline; sometime Treasurer of the Navy; and to his Death one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council; High Steward of the Town of Kingston upon Thames, and Recorder of this Town. He was the sixth almost in succession of his name and family who had been Burgesses in Parliament for this Borough; the sixth in like manner who had been Knight of the Shire for this County; and the third who had been Speaker of the House of Commons. He was born in September MDCXCI.; and in February MDCCLXVIII., in humble con- fidence of a better life, through Christ, he gave his honours to the world again, his blessed part to Heaven, and slept in peace. The above Extracts from the Votes of the House of Commons contain the noblest proof of the sense his King and Country entertained of his public merit; and his private virtues were known to all who had the happiness of his acquaintance. In MDCCXX. he married Anne, one of the Nieces and Co-heirs of Henry Brydges, Esq; of Imber-Court in this County, who died in MDCCLXVI. ; and by her he had issue one Son, George, Knight of the Shire for this County,-who, revering the memory of him now dead, whose virtues he honour'd, and whose person he so tenderly loved when living, erected this Monument to the perpetual honour of so kind a Father, and so good a Man. On the upper plinth are the following shields of arms, with the annexed dates:- 1. Arg. a Fess Gu. between six Cornish Choughs, prop. with a Cres. for diff. Onslow; impaling Arg. a Chev. betw. three Chess-Rooks, sab. Anlaby: 1699. 2. Onslow, with the arms of Ulster over all, an Escut. of pretence, viz. Arg. a Chev. and in dexter chief, a Trefoil, sab. Foot: 1687. 3. Onslow, an Escut. of pretence, viz. Sab. two Lions pass. guard. in pale Arg. double girdled, Gu. Strangeways: 1640. 4. Onslow; impaling Paly of six, Or and Az. a Canton dexter, Erm. Shirley, 1590. 5. Onslow, a Cres. for diff. an Escut. of pretence, viz. Arg. on a Bend dexter, Az. three Martlets Or. Harding: 1568. The same arms are repeated on a pyramidical tablet of black varie- gated marble, behind the figure, with the following additional coats, viz. :- 1. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, a Lion rampant guar. Sab. 2nd and 3rd, Gu. on a Chev. Or, three Mullets, Sab. 2. Arg. on a Chev. Sab. three Bezants, Or. 3. Harding; an Escut. of pretence, viz. on a Saltier, Erm. a Leopard's Head, Or. In the old church, nearly on the spot now occupied by the above cenotaph, stood the monument of SIR ROBERT PARKHURST, knt., a native of Guildford, and sometime resident at Pirford, in this county. He was the fourth son of Henry Parkhurst, of this town; and becoming a citizen and alderman of the city of London, he eventually attained the office of Lord-mayor. On his tomb, was the recumbent figure of Sir Robert in the costume appropriate to his civic dignity, INSCRIPTIONS IN TRINITY CHURCH. 345 15 with the regalia of the city about him; and at his feet, the effigy of a female in a kneeling posture, representing Lady Parkhurst. On a marble tablet were commemorative inscriptions, in Latin; the first of which was dedicated to the memory of that "most distinguished personage, Sir Robert Parkhurst, Knt. a member of the municipal senate of the city of London, and not long after its chief magistrate: in that station, after having been eminent for the gravity of his manners, the probity of his life, his zeal for religion, his prudence in government, and his perfect integrity of mind; in the year immedi- ately following his magistracy, he left his friends to lament his death, A.D. 1636, aged 67." The other inscriptions relate to Dame Eleanor, the consort of Sir Robert Parkhurst, who died in 1638, aged sixty; and Dame Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Hugh Baker, bart. and wife of Sir Robert Parkhurst, jun. the son of the preceding, by whom the monument was erected. His lady had not completed the twenty-ninth year of her age at the time of her death; the date of which is not recorded. Some parts of this monument are yet preserved here. In the porch at the western entrance of the church is a marble tablet, with a brass plate (removed from the old edifice), bearing the following inscription :- Of your Charite p'y for the Sowlis of Henry Norbrige, & Ales his Wyfe, chefe fouders of the Chauntereye in this our Lady Chapell; whych Henry decesyd the viij day of Deceber, in the yere of our Lord M. v.xij. On whos Soules J'hu have mercy. Henry Norbrige, or Norbridge, was a member of the corporation of Guildford, who held the office of mayor in 1483, and several times subsequently in the reign of Henry the Seventh. He was concerned in procuring the charter granted by that prince to the men of Guild- ford; and he appears to have been connected with persons of rank and influence about the court. For, in the first year of the reign of Henry the Seventh he procured a writ of privy seal, granting a license for the foundation and endowment of a Chantry in the church of the Holy Trinity at Guildford; in which the names of the effective founders, Henry Norbrige and Thomas Kyngeston of Guildford, are associated with those of Elizabeth, the queen-consort; Margaret, countess of Richmond, the king's mother; Sir Thomas Bourchier, and Sir Reginald Bray, knts. ; and William Smyth, clerk, afterwards bishop of Lincoln; together with John Clopton, rector of Trinity,— 15 Vide Manning and Bray, SURREY, vol. i. p. 50. Sir Richard was buried on the 28th of October, 1636; as appears by the Parish Register. Id. note. VOL. I. TY 346 HISTORY OF SURREY. for whose spiritual welfare a chantry-priest, or chaplain, was to be maintained, to say prayers in Trinity church for ever." 16 This writ, which is dated at Westminster, February the 6th, 1486, authorized the grantees to appropriate lands and tenements, to the value of ten marks a year, for the support of the chantry, notwith- standing the statute of Mortmain, by which such appropriations were interdicted. The sum of forty marks was paid into the Hanaper, as a consideration for the license, by the founders; and from them it was designated "the Chauntry of Norbrige and Kingeston." Not much more than half a century had elapsed from the founda- tion of this chantry, before it was suppressed, in common with many other religious institutions, by an Act of Parliament; and the property destined for its support given to the king. In the third year of the reign of Edward the Sixth, the messuage called the George inn, in Guildford, two acres and a half of meadow, five acres of arable land, and one croft in Stoke; together with one croft and pasture in Shaldeford, lately belonging to the Chantry of Norbrige and Kingeston; were granted by letters patent, dated January the 16th, in the above year, to William Fountaine and Richard Mayne ; to be held of the king by fealty only and in free socage, as of his manor of Stokenham: and on the 24th of the same month, these lands were conveyed to William Hammond, mayor, and John Stough- ton, for the Corporation of Guildford," which property after being long retained by the corporation, has been since exchanged for divers fee-farm rents. There was, also, in this church, another chantry chapel, called Weston's chapel, having been originally founded as a chantry by one of the Westons of Sutton; and it has also served as a sepulchral chapel for the persons belonging to that family. The chantry was suppressed in the beginning of the reign of Edward the Sixth; when Anthony Cawsey, who was the last chaplain, or chantry-priest, had a grant of a pension of five pounds a year, for life. Though nearly all the proprietors of the estate of Sutton-place were buried in this chapel, the only funereal memorial requiring notice is a tablet inscribed to the memory of MELIOR MARY WESTON, spinster, characterized as "the last immediate descendant of an illustrious family which flourished in this county for many successive generations; and who, with the ample possessions of her ancestors, inherited their superior understanding and distinguished virtues." She died in 1782; and bequeathed her estates to John Webb, esq., who afterwards took the name of Weston, and by whom the monument was erected. 16 Brev. de Cantaria fundanda: in Rymer, FæDERA. T. v. Pt. iii. p. 169. 17 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 49. MEMORANDA OF ANCIENT CUSTOMS. 347 There are many other commemorative inscriptions in this edifice; yet, as they are not of any distinguished importance, we forbear to particularize them. Among many other curious items relating to ancient parochial customs and religious observances, which were extracted from "An antient Book of Accompts of the Churchwardens of the Church of the Holy Trinity," by Mr. Richard Symmes, who was town-clerk of Guildford in the reign of Charles the Second, are those which follow :- Rents, &c. belonging to that Church: Sums received by the Churchwardens :— Anno Domini 1509. Receyved for gaderying alsowlyn branche.. Item of dowell money Item rec. for paskall money • • Item for men's nockynge money. • Item for wymenys nockynge money · The Churchwardens desire allowance, among other things— For 3lb of wex for the rodelyte at vd. ob.. For makeing the same For a sack of coles... For watchynge of the sepulkar For Peter-pens a Whyt Tuysday • For scoureing of the great candlestyks Anno Domini 1511. Payd for kyngs rent • xvj d. vijs. id. ix s. vd. ijs. ix d. ix s. xd. xvjd. ob. viij d. • ijd. viijd. xijd. xijd. iij d. • ij s. viijd. for payntyng of lent clothys for 2 tabernakyll clothys for the Trinite and our lady for 2 passyon baners. for the new chalys 1512. Payd for lyne to draw up the rood cloth. • Item for a canapy clothe for the sacrament at the hy alter Item for 4 small chaynes to the same. Item for frenge for the same. • • iijs. viijd. iiijs. xd. x, l. iijs. ijd. xij d. iiij d. xxij d. Item for a holy brede baskette. Item for a case to a chalyse. • iij d. iiij d. south taper Item for 131b of new wax to the renewyng of the paschall, and the Item for making the same, with the fonte taper. Item for a new sorples for the parish priest... 1514. Rec. for an ale made for the church behove Item rec. at the feast of Chrystmas, for the rode light, of the whole parish • • viijs. id. vj d. iiijs. vijs. vijd. vijs. Item rec. at the fest of Ester, for the paschall light, of the whole parish... ix s. ixd. Item rec. at nok tyde of the gatheryng of the foreseyd chyrch- wardens iijs. ijd. Item for makeing of the light that standeth by the rode before St. Clements autor, and the flowers of the same.. iiij d. YY 2 348 HISTORY OF SURREY. Item for scouring the gret candelestykes standing before the hye autor... xijd. Item to the sexten for watching of the sepulchre both for day and night.... viijd. Item for colys to make holy fyer on Ester evyn ijd. 1516. Payd for making cleane the alabaster table in St. Mary's chauncell xd. Item to St Thomas for washing the surplices Item payd at Whitsontyde for smoke farthings. Item payd for mending of the organs.. .. 1520. Item for mending the pax. ij d. vj d. iiij d. Item payd to the organ maker.. 1521. Item for a rybbond of silk to amend our Lady's vestment 1523. Item for making a new crosse to the rood-loft Item for the new crosse-clothes.. • Item to Thomas the chauntry priest for a surplice Item for soweing alter-clothes for the alters of St. Gregory, the Salutation of our Lady, and St. Sythees... 1524. Item payd for mending the crosse of silver Item payd for flax to trusse the crosse. • Item payd for costs to London for the crosse • 1530. Rec. of Clobbe's wife for haveing the best crosse Item of Fylbrett for barroweing of the morice gere.. 1555. 1 & 2 Ph. & Mary. Item received of the sommer lord for the bread and drinke left at the kynge game. 1557. Item for the tabernacle.. xijd. xxvjs. viijd. iiij d. iijs. xxs. xd. iijs. iiijd. iijd. xxvjs. viijd. jd. ijs. viijd. ij d. xd. iiijs. xd. xiij s. iiijd. 18 18 Russell's GUILDFORD, pp. 63*—69*. It may not be uninteresting to insert, from the same work, the following particulars from an "Inventory of the Church Goods," taken on the 23rd of July, 1558, (4th and 5th of Philip and Mary,) when the Roman Catholic religion had been re-established after the era of the Reformation :— First, a Crosse with Mary and John, and a foot to the same, over-gilt. Item. a Chalyce of silver, parcell-gylt, with the Paten. a Cope of cloth of tissue, and a vestment and Albes to the same. a Cope of cloth of gold, with raised velvett with tunicles for Deacon and sub- deacon, and Albes to the same. three Pillowes of silk for the crosse. "" two Corporas cases, and two Corporas clothes. "" a Cope of blue velvett. ""> a Vestment of white satten, embroydered with garters, and an Albe. "" a Vestment of white satten branched, with an Albe. 39 three Streamers of Silke, greene. a Cross-cloth of greene silke. "" an Altar-cloth, of cloth of gold, and crimson velvett paned. "" a great Eagle, or Desk of latten, standing in the quire. a Paire of Organs in the quire. "" a Paschall bason, and the lynes. a Paire of latten Candlesticks standing on the high alter. a Canopy with fower hoopes of latten, with a bowle and crosse to hang over the sacrament. an old pair of portative Organs, and the bellowes and pipes. "" - a Judas crosse. ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD. 349 In the reign of Henry the Eighth, the churchwardens paid an annual rent of 24d. to the crown, for lands belonging to this church; and the same rent was charged and allowed in their accounts in the 9th of Queen Elizabeth, anno 1567. About the same time, the sum paid for the use of the pall kept by the churchwardens was xiid; and vis. viijd. was the fee for every one buried in the church;—the executors of the deceased also paid for the "waste of torches" at the funeral, sometimes iis., and at other times, iijs. being charged.-The Register of this parish commences with the date, July the 30th, 1558. It appears that the original feast of the Dedication of the church was observed on the three days preceding Christmas; but this being attended with much inconvenience to the parties resorting thither, Bishop Woodloke, in October, 1312, ordained that it should thence- forth be kept on the 24th of September, in every year. ST. MARY'S CHURCH.-This edifice, which stands on the declivity of the hill in Quarry-street, is an early specimen of Anglo-Norman architecture, and may, with great probability, be referred to the reign of King Henry the Second, if not to that of his predecessor Stephen. In the ninth of Henry the Third, Henry, the then vicar of this church, gave forty shillings for the privilege of holding a fair near it, during three days, until the king should be of age. 19 This is a strong, yet rudely-built structure, mostly composed of chalk, but with an intermixture of flints and rubble stones, united by a firm cement. It consists of a nave and aisles, a chancel, and two Item. three great Antiphonaryes noted,-two small Antiphonaryes noted,-an halfe Antiphonary noted,―a Legend written,-five Grayles noted,―an holy Portace prynted without note,-two Manuall books,-five Masse books, whereof one noted,-seven Processionars noted,-two bookes of Ymmes and a salter written. Item. two pewter potts-flagon. a great copper Chayn, to tye a book at. "" "" a Sepulchre, and a cloth painted for the sepulchre. >> a bleu cloth with birds, used for the pulpitt, and for the chylde-wyves seat. "" "" "" two Banner-clothes for Lent, with two alter clothes and two curtaines for the high alter. - a white Canopy of stitched or hollow worke, fringed, to hang over the sacrament. eleaven litle streamers to deck the Sepulchre and Paschall. a Box with lock and key, used for nockyng and dowellyng. a Painted cloth for the rode [rood]. Under the date 1573, the sum of iijl. viijs. is entered as being received "for the brasen- piller and eagle." 19"Henricus Vicarius Ecclesiæ B. Mariæ de Geldeford r c de xls, pro habenda usq; ad ætatem Regis una feria ad Ecclesiam B. Mariæ de Geldeford duratura per iij dies."- Madox, HISTORY OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. ii. p. 415; from Mag. Rot. 9 Hen. III.; Rot. iii. a. Surreia. 350 HISTORY OF SURREY. chapels flanking the latter, and respectively dedicated to St. John Baptist, and St. Mary: a small tower, embattled, and containing six bells, rises at the intersection of the nave and transept with the aisles. Each chapel has a semi-circular absis, vaulted and groined within, and surmounted, exteriorly, by a cone-like roof. The east end, or chancel division, was originally terminated in a similar manner; but in con- sequence of the extreme and inconvenient narrowness of the street in that direction, it has been shortened at different times about twenty feet; and now ends in a right line. The last alteration was made in the year 1825, by a subscription of the parishioners; on which occasion, all the stones being marked when taken down, the large and handsome eastern window was rebuilt in the same identical form as it had previously assumed." At that time, the chancel was shortened. twelve feet. 80.62½ 14.10.4 35.87/2 .18.3 1/2.. > 17.10½ 159 167 GROUND PLAN OF ST. MARY'S CHURCH. 20 Memorandum, 1825.-" In the spring of this year, alterations and improvements of the chancel end of St. Mary's Church were made, and a new fence with iron palisades, erected on the east side of the church-yard. Quarry Street was at the same time con- siderably widened and improved, to the great accommodation of the public; under the direction and superintendence of Messrs. Stedman and Lee, church-wardens." See Church Book. The subscriptions amounted to 971. 2s. It appears that in April, 1755; by order of the Vestry, "the east churchyard-wall was moved further into the churchyard, and the ground taken into the highway ;-the parish taking upon themselves the whole repairs of the east end of the chancel next the road, and the great east window, thenceforward, from time to time, and at all times, and for ever to save the rector and his successors from all charges concerning the same."- Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 73. ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD. 351 There are many peculiarities in the interior of this church: the aisles are unusually wide, and not correspondent in measurement; and the windows, with little exception, are much contrasted both in character and size, in consequence of alterations and repairs at different periods. The general width of the church is fifty-five feet and a half; its length is ninety feet: the width of the nave is seventeen feet three inches and a half, independently of the space below the arches, which is two feet three inches on each side: the north aisle is seven- teen feet, ten inches and a half, in width; whilst that of the south aisle is exactly three feet less. The nave is separated from the aisles by four pointed arches, with deep soffits rising from thick Norman columns; all of which, except one, have a square abacus, with the usual sculptured flutings, &c. on the capitals; the other column exhibits several circular mouldings. Most of the corbels connected with this part of the church, and which chiefly represent human heads, have a very singularly-grotesque character. Three steps lead from the nave to the tower, which opens to the aisles by semi-circular arches, to the nave by a low pointed arch, and, originally, to the chancel, by a much higher one; but the latter has been closed up by the belfry floor: the supporting piers are very massive. The chancel, which is approached from the tower by a flight of four steps, has had a richly-groined roof; but the eastern part was necessarily destroyed when the church was shortened. Several shields of arms (painted on glass in 1825) ornament the east window, which is constructed in the perpendicular style of the four- teenth century; and consists of five cinquefoil-headed lights, divided by mullions in the lower part, with many smaller lights in the tracery above: among the arms are those of the British crown, the See of Winchester, and the See of Canterbury, impaling Archbishop Abbot. On the north side of this chancel is the ancient and very curious chapel of St. John Baptist; which, as will be seen from the annexed print, has both an original and a picturesque character. The altar, or chancel, part is fronted by a massive arch; and the semi-circular absis within is groined and vaulted in three divisions; the ribs being of stone resting upon corbel brackets, and the groins, apparently, of chalk. Here, on the spandrels of the great arch, and on the soffits of the vault, is a series of delineations in fresco, drawn in outlines of a reddish-brown colour. The subjects on the spandrels, which, in the accompanying wood-cut, are numbered 1 and 2, represent the angel St. Michael weighing the merits of a human soul (depicted by a naked form in a supplicatory attitude);-and a gorbellied imp, or demon, dragging the wicked into the bottomless pit, towards which, also, 352 HISTORY OF SURREY. they are propelled by an angel. In the preponderating scale, con- nected with the beam sustained by St. Michael, is a candlestick and taper, significant of the light of the gospel; which a winged demon, at the other end, ineffectually endeavours to outweigh, both with his foot and hand. Within an oval compartment (vide No. 3) in the central part of the vault, measuring about four feet by two feet and a half, is a repre- sentation of the Godhead, seated, in a pict vest; his right hand raised in the attitude of benediction; and his left sustaining an orb, or globe, inscribed with the Greek letters, Alpha and Omega: on the adjacent spandrels are angels worshipping. There are six other compartments, all of which are circular; the largest being four feet six inches in diameter; the next, three feet six inches; and the remainder, about three feet each. To determine, accurately, what the subjects were intended to represent, is perhaps impossible; but the following explanations are offered, as being at least within the scope of probability. The passages marked with inverted commas, are extracted from an account of these paintings which was read to the Society of Antiquaries on the 16th of February, 1837, from observations communicated by E. J. Carlos, esq. and J. G. Nichols, esq.; and subsequently published in the Archæologia." The subject No. 4, is called "Heavenly Judgment: several good souls represented as received into the bosom of our Saviour; a bad man condemned to torment, which he is suffering in a tub-like receptacle, from a [demoniacal] figure armed with a flesh-hook.” No. 5. "Earthly Judgment, represented by a group of five figures: a King seated, the accuser and witness standing, and a culprit suffering decapitation."-It may, however, be otherwise conjectured, that this compartment refers to the Beheading of St. John, by order of King Herod; the chapel being dedicated to that saint, rendering it probable that some allusion to his personal, fate would be introduced among these subjects. No. 6. "Christ passing Judgment. Before him a person is repre- sented kneeling in prayer; behind whom are two others dragged to judgment by demons."-We should rather describe this as, Christ casting out Devils; and that the kneeling figure is returning thanks for being dispossessed of the two horned demons, who are moving off in the back-ground. The two other gorbellied imps, behind, appear to be dragging another figure towards Christ by means of a double leash: an official with a sword, is in attendance. No. 7. "The Death of the Wicked: a Judge standing holding a 21 Vide Appendix to ARCHEOLOGIA, vol. xxvii. p. 413. L SUBJECTS IN FRESCO, AS DELINEATED ON THE SPANDRELS AND GROINING OF THE EAST END OF THE CHAPEL OF ST. JOHN BAPTIST, IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD. 1 4 3 6 7 9 ་ 2 10 5 Co 8 th Or CHAPEL OF ST. JOHN BAPTIST. 353 wand or rod; a Scribe, seated at a Desk registering the sentence. Two figures are extended dead upon the floor; a third is drinking from a chalice."-The bended figure here called a Judge, has more the character of an Executioner; as he grasps a dart, or arrow, with his right hand, and holds a knife in his left. No. 8. "The Death of the Good. This represents a corpse placed on the ground, attended by two Priests: in the back-ground an altar, on which is placed a chalice." No. 9. “A figure of Christ, before whom is a person placed within a font, in a supplicating posture: a third figure is represented drawing water from a river by means of two buckets."--It may be otherwise surmised, that the figure appealing for support to Christ is St. John Port-Latin in the cauldron of boiling oil: the markings behind the cauldron, may, possibly, be meant for flames. What the appendages are on the arms of the man behind, is entirely questionable. The ground colour of the two subjects on the outer spandrels is a reddish-brown; that of the circular compartments is a light washy green, but this faded appearance is probably the effect of age, if not of the white-wash with which the whole was formerly hidden, and by the scraping off of which some parts have been much defaced. The re-discovery of these frescoes is said to have been made by the work- men, when the chancel underwent alteration and repair in the year 1825. Some scroll-like foliage ornaments the rest of the groining; and the ribs and exterior arch are enriched with a variety of small tracings in running patterns." Although these subjects are but rudely sketched, there is a certain degree of freedom and spirit in the outlines, and a discrimination of form and character in the figures, which indicate the possession of considerable talent by the artist that designed them. Nothing deter- minate can be affirmed as to their origin, but that they were executed in an early stage of the art is evident, both from the style in which they are wrought, and from their general appearance. They might, indeed, without much hesitation, be referred to the reign of Henry the Third, in whose forty-fourth year, as already noticed, the Sheriff of Surrey was commanded to have the paintings in the chapel in the king's palace at Guildford completed, according to the directions which had been previously given to William of Florence." It is probable, 22 Some slight aquatints of the above delineations were first published by Mr. Henry Prosser, an artist of this town, in his "Short Description of the Parish Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Guildford;" 4to. 1836. The drawings from which the accom- panying series of wood-cuts was executed, were also made by the same artist, in September, 1840. 23 See before, in the account of the Palace, pp. 302-3. VOL. I. ZZ 1 354 HISTORY OF SURREY. * that the subjects here described were depicted on that occasion,—if not by the Florentine himself, at least by some artist in his employ. St. Mary's chapel is separated from the chancel by a broad pointed arch, springing from short semi-columns with chamfered mouldings, and high curvilinear bases. At the east end of this chapel, which is now used as a lumber room, is an old Confessional, raised about four feet from the floor, with the broken remnant of a gothic screen in front. Some remains of rich gilding and painted devices may be traced about this inclosure. From this extremity of the building there is a communication with the church-yard by a flight of five steps. At the west end of the church are three galleries; that in the centre contains a good organ, which was erected by subscription, at an expense of about 150%., and first used on Easter Sunday, 1820: the present organist is Mr. Samuel Russell, who was appointed in June, 1831. There is a small north porch, which opens to the church by a pointed arch, rising from slender columns with large capitals on each side; and displaying a succession of recessed mouldings: there is also a porch on the south side. There was formerly an entrance from the west; but this doorway has been long stopped up.-The sepulchral memorials are numerous; but not being of particular interest, it is inex- pedient to notice them further. This church will accommodate nine hundred persons: the free sittings are about one hundred and sixty. There were two Guilds, or fraternities, formerly existing here, namely; first, the Fraternity of Jesus; and secondly, that of the Body of Christ; "as appears by the last will and testament of Henry Freke, in 1492; who thereby bequeathed to each of these, 3s. 4d; and also to the mother church 4d; and to the high altar in the same, 12d."" The Register of this Parish begins with the date, 6th April, 1540. Rectors of the united parishes of the Holy Trinity and St. Mary, in the present century.- JAMES WELLER, D.D. This gentleman held the incumbency during the long period of fifty years: he was instituted in 1774, and resigned in 1824. HENRY PARR BELOE, A.M. Instituted February the 18th, 1824. Died May the 21st, 1838; and was buried in St. Mary's church. He was a scholar and author of eminence, and a frequent contributor to the British Critic and other reviews. His father, the Rev. W. Beloe, was the well-known translator of Herodotus, and writer of the Sexagenarian and other works. HENRY AYLING, A.M. Instituted July the 13th, 1838. 24 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 62. ST. NICHOLAS' CHURCH, GUILDFORD. 355 ST. NICHOLAS' CHURCH is situated near the foot of the bridge, at a short distance from the western bank of the Wey: and in conjunction with the ascent and buildings of the High-street forms a very pleasing view at the entrance of the town from the Portsmouth road. This is a handsome fabric in the pointed style, consisting of a nave and side aisles, together with a square tower, embattled; and surmounted by eight pinnacles at the west end. With the exception of the tower, which belonged to the old church, and the Loseley chapel on the south side, the whole of this edifice was rebuilt in the years 1836-37; from the designs and under the direction of Mr. Robert Ebbels, architect; whose high professional talents have become advantageously known to the public, by the various churches erected by him in this and other counties. The church which formerly stood on this spot, was a rude structure of ancient date; and consisted, chiefly, of a nave and its aisles, under three different roofs. Becoming greatly dilapidated, and insufficient for the accommodation of the parishioners, it was determined at a committee meeting, to rebuild the same on an enlarged scale ;-and subscriptions were immediately commenced for that purpose, by a donation of 5007. from the then patron and incumbent, the dean of Salisbury; whose son, the Rev. William Henley Pearson, A.M. is the present incumbent. Other donations followed; and through the inde- fatigable exertions of the Rev. J. Knight, the curate, the necessary funds, (including a grant of 5007. from the Incorporated Society for building and repairing Churches,) were soon raised; and the work was commenced in the spring of 1836. On the brass plate deposited with the first stone was this inscription: "The first stone of this Church was laid on the 7th day of June, in the year of our Lord 1836, and in the sixth year of the reign of King William the Fourth;-by the VERY REV. HUGH NICHOLAS PEARSON, D.D., Dean of Salis- bury; Patron and Incumbent. ROBERT EBBELS, Architect." Although low and unsightly, the old tower was considered sub- stantial, and therefore it was not taken down; but it had to be strengthened and decorated with new buttresses, cornices, parapets, windows, doorway, &c., until the whole was in unison with the design of the new church; which is a well-studied composition in the general style of the ecclesiastical architecture of the twelfth century. The floor of the new church is about four feet higher than that which preceded it, and which had itself been raised, about two feet nine inches, above the original floor. The latter, it appears, had been at all times covered with water, when the river Wey was flooded; but there are now groined vaults underneath the whole of the new edifice; zz 2 356 HISTORY OF SURREY. and it is a remarkable fact, that both the church and tower are built on a morass or quagmire, which is full of springs, and has a stream of water constantly running across it from the surrounding hills." The exterior walls are faced with a stone called Bargate stone, in thin layers of range work; which has a very neat and pleasing effect." This edifice was finished in August, 1837; and it was then consecrated for divine service by the Bishop of Winchester. The entire cost of its erection (including the value of the old materials) was 2,7231. 7s.; of which, 2,4007. was the contract agreement; and the remainder, charges for sundry extras. Both the side-galleries and organ gallery are sup- ported on cast-iron columns; and the railing at the east end, before the communion table, is also of ornamental cast-iron in gothic tracery; assimilated in bronze colour: the rail itself is of oak. The pews, the free seats, the pulpit and reading-desk, are wholly executed in deal, and grained to imitate oak, and varnished. All the principals of the roof are seen in the church; and are framed and fitted in with moulded gothic tracery: the tie-beams, which are also moulded, rest on handsome brackets filled in with tracery, springing from stone corbels. This arrangement produccs an excellent effect, and reflects great credit, both on the architect and builder. The total number of sittings is 1049; of which 501 are free and unappropriated. From the windows being glazed with ground glass, the light is unobtrusive. The Organ was built by Messrs. Robson and Son, in August, 1837," 25 When the old walls were pulled down, and the foundations dug out, the quagmire and stream had a most formidable appearance; and there seemed very little chance of obtaining a secure base for the new church, unless piling and planking were resorted to;-for a rod or stick might, in any part, be pushed down ten or twelve feet without difficulty. But the architect, seeing that the old tower stood remarkably well, although built on this quagmire, had its foundation opened; and he found it composed of flints, whole and unbroken, laid without mortar to the depth of about two feet, and a little wider than the thickness of the walls of the tower. He therefore at once determined to have the whole of the new foundations laid in concrete; which was done to the extent of about four feet in width, and two feet and a half in depth;—and, in the course of one day after it was laid, this was as hard and firm as a turnpike road. As no building can stand better than this church, it affords a signal proof of the utility of concrete,--which the architect has used in many other instances with equal success. 26 This stone is raised in the quarries of Mr. Peacock, near Godalming, four miles from Guildford; and, from its qualities, is deserving of being used more generally than is at present the case. 27 This organ has two sets of keys. The compass of the Great Organ is from GG to F in alt.: it contains the following stops :-OPEN DIAPASON; STOPT DIAPASON; PRINCIPAL; TWELFTH; FIFTEENTH; SESQUIALTRA, three ranks; and TRUMPET, the whole through- The compass of the Swell is from Tenor F to F in alt. with the following stops:- OPEN DIAPASON; STOPT DIAPASON; PRINCIPAL; FLUTE; HAUTBOY; and a Complet to unite the Swell to the Great Organ. An octave and a half of German Pedals, and two Composition Pedals. The present organist is Mr. G. Wilkins. out. ST. NICHOLAS' CHURCH, GUILDFORD. 357 at the cost of 3207.: it is a fine-toned instrument; and the case, which was designed by Mr. Ebbels, is in perfect accordance with the style of the church. The tower contains eight bells; the tenor weighs 16 cwt. Affixed to the wall in the south aisle are two brass plates, in frames, inscribed in memory of Mr. CALEB LOVEJOY, a native of Guildford, who, by will, dated the 15th of November, 1676, bequeathed the rents, &c. of thirteen messuages and a workshop, situate in Walnut- tree Alley, St. Olave's, Southwark, for certain charitable uses in this parish. He was "brought up at the Free School" here; but "before xv years of age, was by his Parents removed thence to London”; where he became successful in business, and obtained the freedom of the city in the Merchant-Taylors Company. The second inscription is as follows:- CALEB LOVEJOY, here I lye, yet not I My Body being dead, My Soul is fled unto Eternitye, There to injoye that everlasting Bliss Which Jesus Christ, my Lord Who's gon before, prepared hath for his ;- Wherefore my Body rest in hope till then When he shall joyne thee to thy Soul agen, And bring thee unto that most glorious Vision, There to enjoye thy God in full Fruition. These Verses, wch were of his own inditeing Now set in Brass are by his own apoynting Who was here buried the 1 of February, MDCLXXVI. aged LXXIV. Lord, make us fitt by's Likeness, while we continue here, To meet our blessed JESUS when he shall apeare. In the north gallery is a small and neat mural monument by Behnes, of white marble, displaying a sarcophagus and funeral pall, with the following inscription, and arms, viz. :— Born In memory of SIR CHAS. HENRY KNOWLES, Admiral of the Red, Bart. G.C.B. at Kingston in Jamaica on the 24th of August, 1754; at which time his father, Sir Chas. Knowles, Bart. was Governor of that Island. Died in London on the 28th of November, 1831. This brave officer fought and bled in defence of his Country, in several parts of the Globe; Received the Thanks of the Legislature for his Services, and from his Sovereign, Honorary distinctions. Arms.—Az. crusuly of crosslets, a cross moline, voided, Or. Crest. An Elephant statant, Or. Motto. Semper Paratus. On the south side of the church, and communicating with it by a glazed door and a flight of six steps, is a small Chapel, called the Loseley Chapel, belonging to the Loseley manor-house in this parish. This chapel, which contains divers memorials for the More and Molyneux families, has been lately repaired and restored (together 358 HISTORY OF SURREY. with its monuments, which have been regilt, painted, &c.) at the expense of James More Molyneux, esq. the present possessor of Lose- ley. The ribs supporting the roof spring from corbel brackets of human heads, of a large size, and strange character. Under the south window, is the altar-tomb of ARNOLD BROCAS, who was rector of this parish about the end of the fourteenth century; and who is represented by a statue of freestone (in a scarlet habit) lying under a gothic canopy in three divisions. The inscription" a brass plate in the upper edge," as given by Manning, was as follows:- on Hic jacet Arnaldus Brocas, Baculari.... ut' usq; Juris, Canonic' Lincoln' & Wellens', et qu'dam Rector isti' loci, qui obiit in Vig'l'a Assu'on's Be.... Marie, Anno Domini, Milesimo ccc nonagesimo quinto. At the head of the figure, which reposes on a cushion, is a small angel; and at the feet, a dog: on the panelling in front, are five shields. This tomb was removed hither from the north aisle of the old church. The oldest inscription for the More family commemorates SIR CHRISTOPHER MORE, knt.; "who was the King's Remembrancer of the Exchequer;" and died at Loseley on the 16th of August, 1549. He was twice married: by Margaret, his first wife, daughter and heiress of Walter Mudge, he had five sons and seven daughters; by Constance, his second lady, the daughter of Richard Sackvill, or Sackvile, of Buckhurst, (relict of William Heneage, esq.) he had no issue. Arms.—Az. on a cross Arg. five martlets, Sab. More; impaling Arg. a Chev. betw. three Cockatrices, Sab. Mudge; and Quarterly, Or and Gu. a Bend Vert, Sackvill. On the adjacent monument are two small figures in white marble, of an armed knight and a lady, in a kneeling position, facing each other; commemorative of SIR GEORGE MORE, knt. and Anne his wife, a daughter and co-heir of Sir Adrian Poynings, knt., second brother to Thomas, last Lord Poynings. This lady died at Loseley on the 19th of November, 1590, and was buried near this place ; having had issue, three sons and four daughters. Arms. Over the Knight, a shield with nine quarterings, viz. Az. on a cross Arg. five martlets, Sab: More. 2. Arg. a Chev. betw. three Cockatrices, Sab: Mudge. 3. Arg. five Lozenges in pale, Sab. 4. Sab. a cross engrailed Arg. 5. Arg. a cross moline Or, Molyneux. 6. Gu. five Lozenges in pile Arg. 7. Arg. an Ox Gu. within a Pound Sab. 8. Az. three demi-garters Or. 9. Arg. an Antelope Sab. Arms.-Over the Lady, a shield of More, as above, impaling sixteen quarterings, viz. 1. Barry of six Or and Vert, a Bend Gu. Poynings; and fifteen others of alliances of that family. MONUMENTS IN THE LOSELEY CHAPEL. 359 Adjoining is a large altar monument, on which are recumbent figures in alabaster of SIR WILLIAM MORE, knt. and his wife Margaret; the former being represented in armour, and the latter in the general dress of Queen Elizabeth's reign. The knight's sword is remarkably large: he has, also, a long beard. The inscription on this monument, (at the head of which are small statues of a Youth blowing bubbles, and Time with his hour-glass and scythe,) is as follows: ST WILLIAM MORE, Knight, son and heir of Sr Christopher More, Knight, left this life at Loseley, 20 daye of July, 1600, beyng about the age of 82 yeares; and lyeth buried neere this place, together with Dame Margaret his Wife, one of the Daughters and heirs of Raphe Daniell of Swaffam, in the Cou. of Nor. Esq. By whome he had yssue George More, Elizabeth, and Ann: Elizabeth, wch dyed the Wife of Sr Tho. Egerton, Knight then Lo. Keeper of the Greate Seale, & now Lo. Ellesmere, & Lo. High Chancellor of Englande : Anne, the Wife of Sr George Manwaring of Ightfeld in the Cou. of Salopp, Knight., and George More of Loseley, Knight., Whoe hathe made to Monume't, as well for a testimonye of his duty to those his good Parents, now wth God in Heaven, to continewe their memorye on Earth; also to stirr up those wch now live to the following of their vertuous and godlye life; Hee beyng evermore a zelous Professor of true Religion, & a favourer of all those wch trulye were Religious, (spending his dayes in the service of our late Soveraigne of blessed memorie Queene Elizabeth, in whose favoure hee lived and dyed, beyng one of the Chamberlaynes of her Ma. high Court of Excheq¹); and shee to him both living and dying, a faithfull Wife, carefull of her familie, bountifull to the Poore, & religious towards God; was in her life beloved, and at her death lamented of all those wch did know her. Arms.-Quarterly, 1st and 4th, More; 2nd and 3rd, Mudge; both as above described. Crest. On a Ducal Coronet an Antelope arg. Adjoining the last, is a small altar-tomb in two compartments, in memory of Elizabeth and Ann, the two daughters of Sir William More; who are represented by kneeling figures, in the habits of the time. Under each figure is an inscription, viz. : 1st. This figure was erected in memory of ELIZABETH MORE, Da' of Sr William More, married first to Richard Polsted, of Albury, Esq., by whom shee had noe issue; Secondly, to St John Wolleye, Kt. One of the Secretaries of the Latin tongue to Qv. Elizabeth, & by him had St Francis Wooley, Kt. And thirdly, to Thomas La Elsmere, Lord Chauncellor of Englad, but by him had no issue. Arms.-Arg. a Lion rampant Gu. betw. three Pheons Sab. within a bordure engrailed of the Second; Ellesmere; impaling More. 2nd. This figure was erected in memory of Ann, second Dar of Sr William More, who was maried to S¹ George Manwaring, of Ightfeild in Shropshire, Kt., and by him had Sr Arthur, Sr Henry, Sr Thomas Manwaring, Kts., and George Manwaring; and two Dats the eldest mar. Sr Richard Baker, Kt. and the youngest mar. St John Cobet, Kt. Arms.--Arg. two Bars Gu. Manwaring; Imp. More. Among the other memorials in this chapel is one for SIR ROBERT MORE, knt. "one of the Honble Band of Pentioners to King James and King Charles," (the son and heir of Sir George More,) who died at Loseley on the second of February, 1625. On this monument, which 360 HISTORY OF SURREY. is now undergoing reparation, is a shield of arms, containing forty- eight quarterings of the alliances and connexions of this family. There are inscribed tablets, also, for SIR POYNINGS MORE, bart. who died on the 11th of April, 1649; and Dame Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Sir William Fytche, knt. ;—MARGARET, the daughter of Nicholas More, esq. and sister and heiress of Sir Wm. More; ob. the 14th of September, 1704, aged forty-four years;-THOMAS MOLYNEUX, esq. the husband of that lady, who died on the 13th of December, 1719, aged fifty-seven ;-SIR MORE MOLYNEUX, knt.; ob. the 19th of February, 1769, aged sixty-nine; and Dame Cassandra, his wife, who died on the 7th of January, 1745, in her fifty-sixth year;—as well as for divers other individuals of this family, nearly up to the present time. It is stated by Manning, that the advowson of this church was formerly possessed by the crown as parcel of its royal demesne; "but was given by one of our earliest Princes (probably by King Henry I. at the same time that he gave the advowson of Godalming,) to the Church of Salisbury","-and the presentation is still in the Dean of Salisbury. The parish register bears date from April 6th, 1560. Rectors in the present century:- EDWARD FULHAM, A.M. Inst. the 3rd of April, 1777. HUGH NICHOLAS PEARSON, D.D. Inst. the 18th of June, 1832. Resigned. WILLIAM HENLEY PEARSON, A.M. Inst. September, 1837. A new and elegant Rectory House, in the Elizabethan style, for the parish of St. Nicholas, has been recently built by the Rev. Mr. Pearson, on the elevated ground bordering the east side of the Ports- mouth road, and now called St. Catherine's Terrace. The old rectory in Bury-street, with the ground, barns, &c. attached, was sold by Mr. Pearson, under the usual permission, in the year 1839; and on a part of the garden, some Almshouses are now building under the direction of the trustees of Lovejoy's Charity, (with the proceeds of a small accumulating fund,) for the use of four poor old women, who have hitherto resided in houses belonging to the charity at St. Catherine's hill, which the trustees now propose to let. ABBOT'S HOSPITAL; OR HOSPITAL OF THE BLESSED TRINITY.-On the north side of the High-street, immediately opposite to Trinity church, stands the Hospital founded by Archbishop Abbot, in the reign of James the First, for the residence and support of a Master, twelve Brethren, and eight Sisters. This is a substantial building of red brick, with stone window-frames, and other dressings, surrounding 28 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 70. ABBOT'S HOSPITAL, GUILDFORD. 361 a quadrangular area, extending sixty-six feet in breadth from north to south, and sixty-three feet in depth from east to west. The south front, which, as may be ascertained from the annexed engraving, has considerable elevation of architectural character, consists of a square tower, with octagonal turrets at the angles, and a spacious archway (with folding gates, panelled) in the centre, round which are the words "Deus nobis hæc otia fecit.' This connects with the side apartments, and advanced ends of the east and west sides of the quadrangle, which terminate gable-wise. Over the gateway are the arms of the See of Canterbury, impaling Abbot; and above the upper window is a sun- dial. In the south-east part of the quadrangle are handsome apart- ments for the Master of the Hospital; whilst the lodgings for the Brethren are on the west side; and those for the Sisterhood on the east side. In the north-east part there is a small hall, wainscotted, in panels, with an enriched fascia and cornice ;—and a Chapel adjoining, with a lofty roof, and two large windows in the pointed style; the various divisions of which are ornamented with paintings on glass, including divers shields of arms; and also, with a series of scriptural subjects, referring to the history of the patriarch Jacob, as recorded in the 27th, 28th, 29th, 31st, and 32nd chapters of Genesis. Underneath each picture are four Latin lines, either in allusion to, or descriptive of, the subject introduced. The series commences in the north window, which is divided by stone mullions into four principal lights, or compartments, besides. smaller ones above.-In the first, is a representation of Isaac directing his son Esau to procure him venison: Rebecca is listening behind ; and from an open window Esau is seen in the distance hunting. The inscription is as follows:- Natu priorem præferens Paterni amoris impetu, Cæca errat indulgentia. Natura non dat gratiam. In the second division, Rebecca is represented instructing Jacob how to supplant his brother. Utero gemellos dum tulit, Edocta mater cœlitus, Docet minorem ut occupet Natale privilegium. In the third, Isaac is shewn in his bed, giving his Blessing to Jacob, who has brought him the desired food: Rebecca is near them. Benedictionis præmium Pascentium haud captantium est Subestque, decreto Dei, Non ordini natalium. VOL. I. 3 A 362 HISTORY OF SURREY. In the fourth is represented the return of Esau with the venison, and his displeasure at finding himself circumvented by his brother. Major minori irascitur, Sibi præreptum dolet, Quod poscit ortu debitum. Hinc odia fratrum maxima. In the east window, which includes five principal lights, with divers cinquefoil and quatrefoil divisions in the surmounting tracery, are the following subjects in continuation, viz.— In the first is a delineation of Jacob's Dream: he appears as if sleeping, with angels ascending and descending a ladder beside him. Saxum reclinatorio, Cœlumque pro tentorio est : Hic scala cœli cernitur. Pia sunt piorum et somnia. In the second is represented the meeting of Jacob with Laban, at the well of Haran, and Rachel in the distance. In the central and children. In the fourth Primo receptus comiter, Pascit peregrinos greges, Sub lege dura serviens, Patiensque longi temporis. compartment Jacob appears surrounded by his wives Fælix frequenti conjuge Fit Patriarcharum pater; Prolemque numerosam videt, Semen futuræ Ecclesiæ. compartment is the interview between Jacob and Laban on Mount Gilead, where they entered into a covenant of peace and friendship. Domum remigrans, invidum Socerum insiquentem mitigat: Coitque fœdus mutuum, Monente per somnum Deo. In the fifth, is a representation of Jacob in prayer, at Mahanaim, waiting for his brother Esau: from his mouth proceeds a scroll, with the sentence "MINOR SUM CUNCTIS MISERATIONIBUS TUIS, ET VERITATE TUA QUAM EXPLEVISTI SERVO TUO." Baculo levique sarcina, Qui pauper olim transiit Plenus bonorum jam redit. His se minorem prædicat. In three of the smaller lights above are angels displaying scrolls, on which respectively are inscribed :— "Do pauperibus. Reddo Deo." Quid retribuam Domino ?" "Hic Vota resolvam.” ABBOT'S HOSPITAL, GUILDFORD. 363 There is much richness and fulness of tone in the colouring of these pictures; the original designs of which have been referred to Albert Durer. They are traditionally said to have been brought from the ancient Friary in this town; an opinion which receives corrobora- tion from a passage quoted by Mr. Russell from Dr. Ducarel, who states, that "These windows, which are exquisitely fine, consisting of the most ancient and beautiful colours, were taken by Archbishop Abbot from the old monastery at Guildford."" The emblazoned arms, which are displayed in the smaller lights, are as follow. In the north window:-- 1. See of Litchfield and Coventry, impaling Abbot. 2. See of Canterbury. 3. See of Canterbury, impaling Abbot. 4. See of London, impaling Abbot. Near the point of the arch is the date 1621. In the east window:- 1. Prince of Wales's Feathers, with the motto, Ich Dien. 2. France and England, quarterly. 3. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France and England; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland. 4. Within the Garter, quarterly, 1st, Or, Semée of Hearts proper, three Lions passant guardant Az; 2nd, Gu. a Lion rampant Or, holding a Battle-axe Arg; 3rd, Az. three Crowns, Or; 4th, a Lion passant guardant Az. twelve Hearts, Or. In base, a Wyvern Or. On an Escut. of Pretence, Gu. two Lions passant guardant in pale Or, quartering an inescutcheon, &c. Christian, King of Denmark, K.G. 5. Within the Garter, quarterly, 1st and 4th, Sab. a Lion rampant, Or; 2nd and 3rd, Lozengy, bend-wise Arg. and Az. On an Escut. of Pretence, Gu. an Imperial Mond, Or: Frederic, Elector Palatine, &c. K.G. Against the north wall of this chapel are suspended the portraits of three chief benefactors to this foundation, viz.; Archbishop Abbot, a good half length; Sir Nicholas Kempe, knt., by Paul Vansommer, finely exccuted; and Thomas Jackman, esq., in crayons, by J. Russell, R.A. in his best manner. " On scrolls, painted on the glass in many of the Hospital windows, are the words Clamamus Abba Pater';-a punning allusion to the name of the founder, suggested by a passage in St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, chap. VIII. ver. 15. In the master's dining-room, which is immediately over the entrance gateway, are the portraits of Wycliffe, Fox, and other Protestant reformers. The upper room of the tower, called the Strong room' in the Statutes of the hospital, is the reposi- 29 HISTORY OF GUILDFORD, p. 34, note. Mr. Russell remarks on the above passage, that “the Doctor is intirely mistaken, as they were most undoubtedly painted for this place; and, [as] supposed by the same painter as of the windows at Lincoln-College Chapel, given by the Archbishop's friend, the Lord-Keeper Williams."-He does not, however, refer to any authority for this statement; and, judging from the style and execution of the paintings, they have certainly the appearance of being anterior to the time of the foundation of the Hospital. 3 A 2 364 HISTORY OF SURREY. tory for the evidences, records, court-rolls, &c.; and in this apartment the ill-fated Duke of Monmouth was lodged, when on his way through Guildford to London, on his apprehension after the battle of Sedge moor, in the year 1685. Behind the hospital is a large garden, with a pleasant look-out towards the south. The first stone of this edifice was laid by Archbishop Abbot, in conjunction with his friend Sir Nicholas Kempe, knt., either on the 5th, or 6th, of April," in the year 1619. The archbishop endowed it with lands and rents to the amount of 2007. per annum; and Sir Nicholas Kempe gave 100l. towards the expenses of the building, and afterwards bequeathed an additional sum of 500l. for its general benefit. When the building was finished, the archbishop obtained from the king, James the First, his letters patent under the privy seal, dated June the 20th, 1622; by which the members of the hospital were constituted a "corporate body under the title of the Master and Brethren of the Hospital of the Blessed Trinity, in Guildford," with the usual powers and privileges appertaining to such a corporation. By the same authority it was enacted, that the founder, and his successors in the see of Canterbury, should have power to make statutes, from time to time, for the good government of the hospital. Archbishop Abbot, accordingly, compiled a body of statutes, which he delivered in due form to the Master and Brethren, on the 17th of August, 1629.—By these statutes it is provided, that the Master of the Hospital shall be "a man fearing God, of good name and fame, fifty years of age at least, born or having lived twenty years before in the town of Guildford": at the time of election a single man; and if he should marry afterwards, to resign his office within three days. Any man who had been mayor of Guildford and "governed the town with good report," may be elected; and the rector of Trinity church, though not qualified by birth or residence, may at any vacancy take the mastership; though it is requisite that both the rector and mayor should be single men, and otherwise qualified according to the statutes, in order to render them eligible. It is further provided, that the master "shall be as near as may be a provident man, acquainted with 30 Mr. Manning says, "the first stone of this building was laid on the 5th of April, 1619, by Sir Nicholas Kempe."-SURREY, vol. i. p. 71: and the same date is given in the Life of Abbot in the BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA ;--but Mr. Russell states the 6th of April, 1619, to be the correct date, and refers to the Statutes of the Hospital';-in which, however, we do not find the date recorded. 31 He may 31 "make it his option, without the form of Election"; according to Mr. Manning, ut supra: but this is not stated in the Statutes. UNIE FIOH ABBOT'S HOSPITAL, GUILDFORD. 365 the affairs of the world, especially for letting or selling of land, or turning it to the best benefit of the institution.” The founder reserved the nomination of the master to himself, during his life; and he appointed that, after his decease, whenever the office should become vacant, by the death, resignation, or expulsion of a former master, notice should be given as speedily as possible to the electors, namely; the mayor of Guildford, or in his absence his deputy, the parson of Trinity parish, or if absent the parson of St. Nicholas, and three of the brethren, namely, the vice-master, and the two senior brothers: who must meet in the chapel; and if a majority of them should not decide on the choice of a new master within twenty-four hours after the office is declared vacant, the appointment devolves in the next instance on the Archbishop of Canterbury; if it be delayed twelve days longer, the nomination is vested in the Bishop of Winchester; in seven days more, it falls to the heir-at-law of Sir George More of Loseley; and after a further delay of five days, the choice reverts to the five original electors. The person thus elected, or nominated, is required to take the oath of allegiance to the sovereign, and also an oath of obedience and fidelity prescribed by the statutes. The vice-master is chosen by the master and the five senior brethren, annually, on the morrow after Michaelmas day. The brethren and sisters must be persons of good character, sixty years of age, born at Guildford, or resident there twenty years previously to election; and they must be unmarried, and so remain, on penalty of expulsion. They were in the first instance nominated by the founder; and after his death, by the mayor of Guildford, and the master of the Free Grammar school there, alternately; the preference, to a limited extent, to be given to the kindred, or servants, of the founder. Every person, on obtaining the appointment, to have a chamber immediately assigned to him or her; but to receive no stipend till after the first quarter; the money thus saved, to be deposited in the common chest of the hospital. On the expiry of the term just mentioned, the new member is required to take the oath of allegiance to the sovereign, and an oath to keep the statutes, and obey the master. If it should fall out "that there be not men or women of threescore years of age, and single persons, in the town, to supply such places as are void," (as once happened in the archbishop's time,) some aged married man or woman, otherwise properly qualified, may be appointed; but only to receive the stipend as an out-brother or sister. It is directed, that divine service shall be performed twice a day, in the chapel of the hospital, by the master, the vice-master, or by one 366 HISTORY OF SURREY. of the brethren appointed by the former; and every member is required to attend, if able; and also to receive the sacrament, at least, three times in the year. Defaulters to be admonished, mulcted, or expelled, in proportion to the offence; and "if any brother or sister shall be convinced of any kind of incontinency, perjury, forgery, obstinacy in heresy, sorcery, or witchcraft, or of any crime punishable by loss of life, or limb, or ear, or shall be publickly set on the pillory, or whipt for any offence by them committed, or shall obstinately refuse to frequent divine service by law established, upon confession, or con- viction, &c.—such brother or sister shall immediately be displaced and expelled." The crimes of blasphemy, common swearing, gaming, drunkenness, brawling, &c. subject a member, for the first offence, to admonition; for the second, to the forfeiture of a month's stipend; and for the third, to irrecoverable expulsion. If the master of the hospital "should be found to be negligent in performing the duty and charge which is imposed upon him by the statutes," he is to be punished at the discretion of the visitor, the archbishop of Canterbury for the time being. Entertainments are provided for the members of the hospital, by direction of the founder, on Christmas day, Easter Sunday, and Whit Sunday; and also on the 29th of October, (i.e. November 9, N. S.) in commemoration of the archbishop's birth-day. The estates assigned by the founder for the more immediate support of the hospital, consist of lands at Merrow, purchased of "one Master Harwood," producing 401. a year; other lands at the same place, purchased of "one Master Goodwin," producing 40l. a year; lands at Meriden, near Dorking, producing 40l. a year; lands at Horsham, purchased of "one Constable," producing 401. a year; lands at Ewhurst, purchased of Thomas Hill, producing 277. 10s. a year; and a rent-charge of 127. 10s. a year, issuing out of a farm called West- Wantley, near Storrington in Sussex: produce, in all, 2007. a year. The rents of these lands altogether, amount to the same sum which they yielded when settled on the hospital, according to the provision in the statutes, that every estate should always be let for the same rent that was paid originally, unless circumstances rendered it unavoid- ably necessary to lower the rent of any one of the farms; in which case, the rent of some other farm was to be augmented, so as to make up the deficiency. Accordingly, the rent of the estate at Merrow having been reduced to 367. a year, that at Ewhurst has been raised to 31. 10s. The value of lands, in general, having increased within the last two hundred years, considerable fines are obtained for the renewals of leases; and one moiety of each fine is shared between ABBOT'S HOSPITAL, GUILDFORD. 367 the master, brethren, and sisters of the hospital; the master taking a double portion, while the other moiety is put into the common treasury of the institution. The annual income of 2001. arising from the endowment of the founder, was directed to be thus appropriated:- To the Master. the Vice-Master. the Clerk. • the Rector of Trinity Parish £ s. d. per annum 20 0 0 0 13 4 1 0 0 To each of the twenty Brethren and Sisters, 2s. 6d. weekly . Gowns for the Poor, once in two years, at 17. 10s. each the Expenses of four Gaudy days two of the Sisters, to be annually appointed by the Master, on the 30th of September, for taking care of the sick.. For fuel in common from All-hallow tide to Easter 1 10 0 130 0 0 15 0 0 200 0 13 4 0 13 4 £171 10 0 After these deductions, the residue of the income was ordered to be kept towards forming a general fund for the expenses of law-pro- ceedings, repairs, and other charges of the household." Besides his endowment for the hospital, Archbishop Abbot gave an annual rental of one hundred pounds, viz.; sixty pounds from lands at Burstow, and forty pounds from lands at Charlwood; for the purpose of establishing a manufacture in his native town, for the encouragement of industry, by setting the poor to work. Mr. Man- ning says, "the said manufacture never did take place;"" but Russell, on the contrary, has shewn that an attempt was actually made to carry the design of the donor into execution. His statement is as follows:-"The Archbishop dying before the manufacture was settled, and he leaving the care thereof to the mayor and brethren of Guild- ford, and also to his executor Sir Maurice Abbot, and his nephew Mr. Maurice Abbot, and the master of his hospital, a manufacture was established for making of linen, and afterwards of woollen cloth; but neither of these ways being of that profit to the town as by the said will was intended, because such as were employed there to work would not work without greater wages than others gave, so that the poor tradesmen of the said town were much impoverished." In con- 32 The benefactions of Sir Nicholas Kempe appear to have been expended by Arch- bishop Abbot, at his own discretion, for the benefit of the hospital. The gift of one hundred pounds was, doubtless, appropriated towards liquidating the cost of the building; and the legacy of five hundred pounds was, (as Abbot states in his will,) "bestowed upon some of the lands before mentioned to be bought and conveyed to his hospital."-See WILL, appended to the Life of Archbishop Abbot, p. 70: 1777. 93 SURREY, vol. i. p. 73. 34 HISTORY OF GUILDFORD, p. 20. 368 HISTORY OF SURREY. sequence of this, the mayor and approved men of Guildford, being trustees under the will of the archbishop, obtained an Order from the Court of Chancery, dated July the 3rd, 1656, that the rents above mentioned should be distributed, annually, among ten or more honest poor tradesmen and housekeepers of the town, at the discretion of the aforesaid trustees. Some inconveniencies attending this mode of dis- tribution, occasioned a second application to the same court; and on the 14th of December, 1785, another decree was issued, alleging, "that for more than a century preceding these funds had been bestowed in small sums on persons who lived on the credit of such gifts, and became idle": it was therefore ordered, that for the future, one moiety only of these rents should be disposed of according to the former decree; and the other moiety appropriated in the following manner :- To the maintenance of four additional poor Women, at 3s. 4d. per week each, making in all ..... A new Gown for each, at 17. 10s., once in two years.. Fuel, at 6s. 8d. each • Dinners for each, on Gaudy day. On the Founder's Birth-day, (Nov. 9, N.S.) 5s. each. Augmentation of the Master's Salary Allowance for Fuel in common.. • £ s. d. 34 13 300 4 1 6 8 0 16 0 1 0 ( 8 10 8 0 13 4 £50 0 0 By the same decree it was provided, that the women admitted upon this establishment should, in future, according to seniority, succeed to vacancies in the archbishop's hospital; and that others should be chosen to receive their pensions. Since the time of the founder, the revenues of the hospital have been augmented by the annual sum of 50l. 19s.; being the produce of certain lands at Merrow, at Meriden near Dorking, and at Ewhurst, which were purchased with the accumulated savings out of the general income. After deductions for land-tax, quit rents, and repairs, the remaining part of the above sum is divided yearly, on the birth- day of the archbishop, into twenty-two equal portions; of which the master takes two, and the brethren and sisters on the old foundation, each, one portion. Additional benefactions have, likewise, been made by Thomas Jackman, gent., one of the magistrates of Guildford, and Mrs. Jane More Molyneux of Loseley. The former, in the year 1785, by deed of gift, presented the hospital with 6007.; which sum was laid out in the purchase of Old South Sea Annuities, producing 267. 4s. 4d. per annum; to which as much being added from the common stock as made up 307., that sum is thus appropriated: :- FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, GUILDFORD. 369 £ s. d. 0 0 2 10 0 1 0 0 0 10 0 £30 0 0 To each of the twenty poor on the old foundation,-6d. a week. 26 the Master, in augmentation of his Salary the Expenses of a Gaudy-day, on the 11th of April the Clerk In April, 1798, by her will, proved in the Prerogative Court Sep- tember the 30th, 1802, Mrs. Jane More Molyneux bequeathed the sum of 2,000l., 3 per cent. consols, upon trust, to the hospital; the dividends to be equally distributed half yearly, after payment of expenses, among the twenty-four brethren and sisters of this establish- ment. Masters of Abbot's Hospital since 1792:- RICHARD ELKINS, chosen January the 30th, 1792. SAMUEL RUSSELL, chosen January the 30th, 1809. SAMUEL ROBINSON, chosen May the 7th, 1824. JESSE BOXALL, the Elder, chosen May the 1st, 1833. The Master's Oath.—“I, A. B. from henceforth, so long as I shall continue and remain Master of the Hospital, shall and will by God's assistance, do my best endeavour to perform, fulfil, and obey the Statutes, Ordinances, and Constitutions of the same, as far as they concern me; and shall also do my best that the rest of the Brethren and Sisters, as also all others that are under me, do keep and observe the same; I shall not hereafter at any time procure, or willingly give assent unto the hurt, endangering, or endamaging of the said Hospital, in the hereditaments, or any of the moveable goods thereof, or in anything that may concern the estate or welfare thereof; but to my best skill and power, shall defend, promote, and set forward the benefit and commodity thereof while I live.— So help me God in Christ Jesus." The Oath taken by the Brethren and Sisters is exactly to the same effect; but with the additional provision of being "obedient to the Master of the Hospital in all reasonable and honest things." THE ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.-This School was originally founded by Robert Beckingham, grocer, of the city of London; who, whilst living, gave a messuage and garden in Guildford, adjoining to the castle-ditch; and by his will, dated November the 3rd, 1509, bequeathed all his lands and tenements at Bromley in Kent, and Newington in Surrey, to establish a Free Grammar School in this town, and maintain a schoolmaster, under the management of the mayor and others. In 1520, by an indenture, dated September the 3rd, the mayor and approved men of Guildford enfeoffed Robert Winterfall and others, and their heirs, in a parcel of land in St. Mary's parish, adjoining the castle-ditch, on which "a house was built, which had theretofore been used for the school-house, and the habitation of the schoolmaster," for the purpose of carrying into execution the Will of Beckingham. In VOL. I. 3 B 370 HISTORY OF SURREY. 1550, Henry Polsted, esq. of Albury, gave two tenements in Trinity parish, valued at 47. 15s. a year, towards the support of this school; which, however, seems to have been shortly after superseded by another, of royal foundation. For Edward the Sixth, by letters patent, in the sixth year of his reign, (1553,) on the petition of the mayor, approved men of Guildford, and others, gave a yearly rent- charge of 67. 13s. 4d. arising from lands at Great Bookham, and 137. 6s. 8d. issuing out of lands of the archbishop of York in Battersea and Wandsworth, for the support of a free grammar school, with a master and usher. In 1555, the mayor and corporation of Guildford purchased a garden plot in the parish of the Holy Trinity, and a close of land adjoining it, for the site of a new establishment; and in 1557 they began, at their own expense, the erection of a large room, now used for the school-house. John Austen, who had been mayor of Guild- ford, commenced the building of a lodging for the schoolmaster, in 1569; and it was finished by his son, George Austen, 1586; the funds being furnished by subscription. In 1571, William Hammond, esq., 'during his second mayoralty, began building a house for the usher; and a gallery of communication with that of the master was, also, then built; which was subsequently converted into a library. The foundation of the library appears to have been owing to the bequest of Dr. John Parkhurst, bishop of Norwich, who is reputed to have been educated in this school; and at his death, in 1574, gave to it, by Will, all his books of divinity, those in the English language excepted. It was not, however, without great difficulty and some expense, that these books were obtained." The library has been since augmented by many contributions of books and money, from various benefactors, of whom there is a list in Manning's Surrey. In the "Further Report" of the Parliamentary Commissioners on Public Charities it is stated, that "this library contains many valuable eccle- siastical works, some of which are now in very good condition." 96 The revenues appropriated for the support of this school have been augmented by other benefactions, in addition to those above men- tioned; and the annual income, as reported by the parliamentary commissioners, in 1821, amounted to 847. 6s. 8d. Out of this, the master received 627. 13s. 4d.; and the remainder was expended in insurance of the school premises, taxes, salary to a treasurer, repairs, &c. The schoolmaster, on the occurrence of a vacancy, was formerly appointed by the mayor and corporation, but he is now chosen by the Charity trustees. This appointment, according to the foundation- 35 See Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 99*, 100*. 36 Full particulars concerning this School are inserted in the same Report, pp. 617-630. FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, GUILDFORD. 371 charter of Edward the Sixth, was subject to the approbation of the warden, or bailiff, of the king's manor of Guildford; but the manor having been alienated, there is no warden, and the nomination of the schoolmaster was, until lately, vested solely in the corporation. By the regulations of the school, as originally founded by Becking- ham, it was provided, that thirty "of the poorest-men's sons" of Guildford should be taught to read and write English, and cast accounts perfectly, so that they should be fitted for apprentices, &c. On the erection of the Royal Grammar School, by charter of Edward the Sixth, the system of education was entirely altered. By the statutes made by the mayor and approved men of Guildford, and confirmed by the bishop of Winchester, on the 16th of September, 1608, it was provided, that there should be a master and an usher; and that the number of scholars should not exceed one hundred, to be instructed in the Latin and Greek languages; and "none to be admitted scholar into the said school before he be brought to the schoolmaster of that school, and upon his examination shall be found to have learned the rudiments of grammar, called the Accidence." Every scholar, on admission, if of the town, was to pay to the schoolmaster five shillings for his examination; and if from the country, or a stranger, ten shillings. "Every scholar was required to pay 3s. yearly, viz. quar- terly, 9d. towards the provision of brooms and rods to be used in the said school; and also 1s. at the feast of St. Michael, yearly, where- with shall be bought clean waxen candles, to keep light in the said school-house, for the school-master, usher, and scholars, to study by, morning and evening, in the winter time." The scholars of the four chief forms were to converse in the Latin tongue only, unless licensed by the master to speak English. Though, by the statutes, the master is required to admit one hundred boys, as free scholars, if so many should apply, the number of late years has been vastly reduced; and there are, at present, only ten boys on the foundation. The office of usher has, consequently, been abolished, and both salaries are paid to the master." The boys are chosen from the inhabitants of the borough, by the Charity trustees. There is nothing important in the architectural character of this edifice. The front, in Spital-street, is supported by four buttresses, and surmounted by three gable-like roofs: the windows are chiefly 37 Joseph Nettle, gent. of St. Mary's parish, Guildford, in 1671, bequeathed the reversion, (after the death of his daughter,) of lands in the parish of Stoke next Guild- ford, to trustees, for the maintenance of a scholar at either of the Universities, Oxford or Cambridge. The scholar to be the son of a freeman of Guildford, and educated, so as to be fitted for the University, at the Free Grammar School. This Exhibition still belongs to the school, and may be held for a term of six years. 3 B 2 372 HISTORY OF SURREY. square, with water-tables over them. Under the large central window are the royal arms of Edward the Sixth; and below the latter, the following inscription : SCHOLA REGIA GRAMMATICALIS EDVARDI SEXTI, 1550. 38 The buildings surround a small quadrangular area, and appear sufficiently convenient for the purpose of their appropriation. Masters of the Royal Grammar School since 1800: Rev. WILLIAM HODGSON COLE, A.M.; who resigned January the 5th, 1819. Rev. JOHN STEDMAN, (then curate of the parishes of the Holy Trinity and St. Mary,) from 1819 to 1822: resigned. Rev. HENRY AYLING, A.M. (now rector of the above parishes,) from 1822 to 1837: resigned. Rev. CHARLES JOSEPH BELIN, A.M.; elected in 1837, and still master in April, 1841. The following lines, commemorative of the founder and benefactors to this institution, were written by the Rev. John Studley, B.D. vicar of Ockham, in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and James the First. The spelling has been modernized. Such things that do increase by kind By course, at length, must wain ; And tract of time that set them up, Will pull them down again. The needful use of fruitful trees The world would quickly want, Except foresight preserve the kind By young and tender plant. This well and wisely did forecast That Prince of noble fame, That spark of godly government, EDWARD THE SIXTH by name,— Who careful that in after age, Within this realm and land, A flowing course of learned wits Continue might and stand; By training up of tender imps,- Whereby the fruit, at length, Of Wisdom seed begun in such Might grow to perfect strength. He therefore yielded hath a mean, Whereby this School to found, Endowing it with maintenance Of, yearly, Twenty Pound.- And Benefactor principal Or more, was BECKINGHAM, For first in Guildford by his gift The name of FREE-SCHOOL came. Such bounty of that noble king, And gift of Beckingham, Stirred up the well-disposed mind This stately School to frame For sundry well-disposed minds Of Guildford, rais'd the wall, And brought the stone-work into state, But yet they did not all. For other things, unperfected, A while did stay and stand, Till some of free and godly zeal Did add their helping hand. And so, by means of friends in time The Gentry of this shire, And other like, did yield so much As did the case require To finish up this worthy work, In such sort as you see- God grant that to his glory still It may maintained be. 38 Among the persons of talent formerly educated in this school, the names of five are BLUE-COAT SCHOOL, GUILDFORD. 373 THE BLUE-COAT SCHOOL at Guildford, for educating and clothing thirty boys, was originally founded in the twenty-first year of Queen Elizabeth, (1579,) by Thomas Baker, a clothier; who endowed it with the rent of a market-house in this town, which he had built for the sale of rye, malt, and oats. Until 1731, the revenue arising from this source appears to have been duly applied for the benefit of the school; but in 1749, the market-house was taken down, and the ground on which it stood thrown into the High-street; of which it has ever since continued to form a part. A new market-house was erected, which was a very small building; and the market having fallen into decay, it was converted into a repository for the water- engines belonging to the town. The rents of the market-house having been suffered to accumulate, amounted, in 1758, to 3067. 17s. 53d.; in addition to which, in that year was received the sum of 917. 78. 94d. from the benefaction of Timothy Wilson; forming a fund of 3987. 5s. 34d. Upon the taking down of the old market-house, some inhabitants of the town having agreed to contribute by annual sub- scriptions towards the re-establishment and subsequent support of the school, the fund was transferred to trustees chosen from the sub- scribers, and the school was revived in 1762. Twenty boys are now educated on this establishment, in a part of the tower of Trinity church; and hence, this has been latterly called the Church School: they are, also, clothed every two years. The school is under the superintendence of five trustees, the mayor, and the rector of the united parishes of the Holy Trinity and St. Mary. In the School founded in pursuance of the will of Mr. Caleb Lovejoy, dated in 1676, the benefit of which is confined to the parish of St. Nicholas, nine boys are instructed in writing and merchants' accounts, by the master of the Blue-coat school; and ten pounds are given to each of them, on leaving the school with a good character. By the same charity, six younger children, of both sexes, are taught at a recorded, who attained the honours of the prelacy, viz. :-JOHN PARKHURST, made bishop of Norwich in September, 1560; WILLIAM COTTON, bishop of Exeter, November, 1598; HENRY COTTON, bishop of Salisbury, November, 1598; ROBERT ABBOт, bishop of Salisbury, December, 1615; and GEORGE ABBOT, archbishop of Canterbury, March, 1610-11. The following lines in reference to these prelates, were, according to Mr. Manning, (SURREY, vol. i. p. 80,) written on the decease of Archbishop Abbot, and inscribed on the wall at the lower end of the school;-but they have long been defaced. Antehac jactabat Schola Guildfordiensis alumnos (Livorem conflans nominis inde sui) Sæclo uno se Quinque viros emittere MITRA CINCTOS; nunc medio pulvere mæsta jaces. Nam cessit fato cum quintus Episcopus, ille Optimus atq; idem maximus ipse fuit. 374 HISTORY OF SURREY. Dame-school in St. Nicholas' parish; and eight more at a Dame-school at Littleton. In 1821, the annual revenues of this charity amounted to 947. 6s.; and after deducting the expense of the schools, the surplus is to be applied to the foundation and support of almshouses, in pur- suance of the directions of the testator. A suitable range of build- ing, for this end, is now nearly finished in Bury-street, not far from St. Nicholas' church. Besides the endowed schools, there are at Guildford the following, supported by voluntary contributions. A National School for boys, on the plan of Dr. Andrew Bell, was established in 1812; and is supported by annual subscriptions, and money collected at the preaching of charity sermons in the parish churches. The average number of boys attending this school amounts to one hundred and thirty. A National School for girls was founded at the same time with the preceding; but the funds proving inadequate to the support of both institutions, that for females was detached, and was re-established in 1819. The average number of scholars is stated to be ninety-six. A Subscription School for girls, for which a new school-room has recently been erected, is conducted on the plan of Joseph Lancaster, called the Royal British system. It is under the superintendence of a committee of ladies, who appoint from among their own number monthly visitors. There is, also, an Infant School, under the management of a com- mittee of ladies, assisted by a few gentlemen. This institution was set on foot by W. Haydon, esq. of Millmead house, on the 1st of January, 1827: a school-room, and residence for the master and 39 In the "Further Reports" of the Commissioners on Charities, pp. 646-649, there is a full abstract of the provisions of Mr. Caleb Lovejoy's Will; and likewise, some particulars of the manner in which his estate has been administered.-"The accounts, which are now extant of this charity, commence with the year 1757, at which time the rents of the premises in Southwark, (which at the date of the Will in 1676, were at 22£) had not risen to more than 25£ per annum. They continued at this rent till 1787, when an increase of 5£. took place; and the rent of 30£. continues to be credited down to the year 1812, when the premises were demised to William Woodward, for a term of sixty- one years, at the annual rent of 63£. This lease, though taking effect from Midsummer 1812, was not in fact granted until the 19th of October 1816, when the lessee had com- pleted his agreement to lay out the sum of 2000£., in erecting new buildings upon the premises, agreeably to the plans, and under the inspection, of a surveyor appointed by the trustees." In January, 1787, the trustees of this charity purchased for the sum of 847. a "cottage, or tenement," with about ten rods of ground, at Artington, for the pur- pose of establishing almshouses there. But that design, on subsequent consideration, was given up; and the Lovejoy almshouses, as before stated, are now located in Bury-street.- The property in Walnut-tree Alley was sold, a few years ago, under the Act for rebuilding London Bridge, and the proceeds invested for the use of the Charity. TOWN-HALL, GUILDFORD. 375 mistress, being fitted up in a large barn in Bury fields, belonging to Mr. Haydon, who supported the establishment himself during the first year; and it has since been maintained by public subscription. Among the public charities at Guildford, which have not yet been mentioned, the following may be noticed as the most considerable. John Parsons, in 1702, gave by will six hundred pounds; the pro- ceeds of which are directed to be bestowed annually on some young man who has served creditably a seven years' apprenticeship, to enable him to establish himself in business. If no young man, properly qualified, should appear to claim this gratuity, it may be presented to any servant-maid who has continued three years together in reputable service in a private family in this town. In 1674, John How devised to trustees property producing, at present, the net sum of ten pounds and twelve shillings a year; for which, (according to the will of the donor,) two poor maid-servants cast lots, annually, the loser being allowed to become a candidate for the prize in the year following; and if unsuccessful again, to have a third and a fourth chance, but no more. In 1705, Olive Duncomb gave, by Will, three hundred pounds to the poor of Guildford; which having been expended in the purchase of South-Sea Annuities, the dividends are appropriated for the apprenticing of poor boys belonging to the parish of the Holy Trinity. George Bembrick, in 1682, devised to trustees land at Shalford the rent arising from which is distributed among eight freemen of Guildford, dwelling in St. Nicholas' parish, who receive on an average, six or seven pounds a year, each. ; John Austen, by will, in the ninth year of the reign of James the First, devised, for the benefit of the poor at Guildford, a rent-charge on his lands and tenements at Shalford, amounting to eight pounds a year; which, after a deduction for land-tax, is divided between thirty poor widows, in sums of not more than thirteen shillings and four- pence, and not less than three shillings and fourpence, each. In 1612, William Bradford granted to the corporation of Guildford, as trustees, a rent-charge of thirty-three shillings and fourpence; the proceeds of which, every two years, are distributed among twenty- seven poor men and women of the united parishes of the Holy Trinity and St. Mary. The TOWN-HALL, or Guild-hall, which stands on the north side of the High-street, is a large brick building, surmounted by an open turret; and from the front projects the dial of a clock, with two faces. The clock was given to the corporation by Mr. John Aylward, on being admitted a freeman; and the bell on which the hammer strikes 376 HISTORY OF SURREY. the hours was brought from St. Martha's chapel, in the early part of the last century. This Hall was erected in 1683; and at the same time, an old market-house, which stood across the street, was pulled down. The length of the building is forty-four feet." In the north window, over the mayor's chair, are the arms of Queen Elizabeth, and of the Corporation. The walls of the room are ornamented with whole- length portraits of James the First, Charles the Second, James the Second, (the two latter painted by Sir Peter Lely,) William the Third, and Mary the Second. Against the south wall is a half-length of the Right Hon. Arthur Onslow, speaker of the House of Commons; and, also, a picture of Vice-admiral Sir Richard Onslow, receiving the Dutch flag, after the victory off Camperdown, in 1797; the latter of which was painted by John Russell, R.A. a native of Guild- ford, and "presented to the Corporation by John Russell, Gent. Mayor, 1798, the artist's father." Over the southern part of the hall is a large apartment called the Council-chamber. In it is a chimney-piece, which was removed from Stoughton in the parish of Stoke, when the old mansion there was pulled down. It is ornamented with figures carved in stone, which are partially injured by time. The first group exhibits a lover and his mistress, with the inscription SANGVINEVS; in the next compartment is a warrior, surrounded by military weapons, with the inscription CHOLERICVS; in the third is represented a person sitting in a boat, taking in a lading of fish, inscribed PHLEGMATICvs; and in the fourth compartment is a figure designed as an emblem of utter despair, characterized by the inscription MELANCHOLICVS. Above, are the arms of England, those ascribed to Edward the Confessor, the arms of Archbishop Abbot, and those of the town of Guildford. In the hall is held one of the courts of assize for the home circuit, every two years; the other court being held in a court-house at the back of the new market-house. The quarter-sessions, both for the county and for the borough, are held in this hall: likewise the borough- court of record, and the county-court. In the council-chamber the county magistrates hold their sessions for the division of the county in which Guildford is situated. It is also used for public meetings of various kinds, and occasionally for scientific lectures, &c. The police of the borough is under the direction of the mayor and council; and the officers consist of a superintendent, and six day and night policemen. 40 The front of this building, with its projecting balcony, clock, and turret, are shewn in the annexed view of the High-street. OFFICERS OF THE BOROUGH OF GUILDFORD. 377 Mayors of the borough of Guildford from the year 1799 to 1840-1. RICHARD SPARKES, elected at Michaelmas. JOHN NEALDS. JOHN FRENCH... 1821 1799 CHARLES BOOKER.. 1822 1800 WILLIAM ELKINS 1823 • • JOHN MARTYR 1801 JAMES STEDMAN . 1824 JAMES VINCENT 1802 WILLIAM SPARKES. 1825 · ROBERT HARRISON SAMUEL RUSSELL GEORGE WAUGH CHARLES BOOKER 1803 • JOHN RAND. 1826 1804 JOHN FRENCH 42 1805 ANTHONY LEE } 1827 1806 GEORGE WAUGH. 1828 JOHN NEALDS 1807 • JOSEPH HAYDON 1829 • JOHN MARTYR 1808 WILLIAM ELKINS 1830 JOHN FRENCH. 1809 CHARLES BOOKER.. 1831 • JOSEPH HOCKLEY JOHN TICKNER 1810 JAMES STEDMAN. 1832 • 1811 WILLIAM SPARKES. 1833 JOHN NEALDS 1812 JOHN RAND. 1834 • • CHARLES BOOKER, Jun. 1813 JOHN RAND43. 1835 GEORGE WAUGH.. 1814 JOHN SMALLPEICE," elected Jan. 1. 1836 WILLIAM ELKINS 1815 · ANTHONY LEE, elected Nov. 9. 1836 • JOHN MARTYR 1816 JOSEPH HAYDON 1837 • . JOSEPH HAYDON JOHN NEALDS JOHN NEALDS 41 1817 WILLIAM SPARKES 1838 1818 JAMES STEDMAN 1839 • 1819 JOSEPH HAYDON. 1840 WILLIAM SPARKES 1820 • High-Stewards:— GEORGE, Earl Onslow [ob. May the 17th, 1814] • WILLIAM, Lord Grantley [ob. November the 12th, 1822] FLETCHER, Lord Grantley' 15 Recorders: 1776 1814 · 1822 WILLIAM, Lord Grantley... MR. SERJEANT BEST, now LORD WYNFORD MR. SERJEANT ONSLOW • THE HONOURABLE GEORGE CHAPPLE NORTON' 1789 1814 1819 1829 The right of electing parliamentary burgesses, or persons to serve in parliament as representatives of the borough of Guildford, was (as ¹¹ At the election this year, there being an equality of numbers for Mr. Samuel Russell and Mr. John Neads, it was decided by the then Recorder that the former mayor should serve again. 42 This gentleman died on the 10th of April, 1828, during his mayoralty; and Mr. Anthony Lee was chosen to serve the remaining part of his year of office, viz. until Michaelmas. 13 Mr. Rand was continued in office by the Municipal Reform Act until the 12th of January, 1836; when such Act came into operation for abolishing the old Corporate Body, and electing a Mayor and Town-Council under the new enactments. This was the first election at Guildford under the new Municipal Act. 45 Lord Grantley, and the Hon. George Chapple Norton (his brother), hold the above offices at the present time, viz. May, 1841. VOL. I. 3 c 378 HISTORY OF SURREY. stated in a previous page) formerly vested in the resident freeholders and freemen of the town who paid taxes. But since the passing of the Reform Act, or Statute, "to amend the Representation of the people of England and Wales,” (2nd of William the Fourth, chap. 45,) the elective franchise is in one respect restricted, those burgesses only being entitled to vote who have acquired their municipal character by birth, servitude, or marriage: but by the same statute it is enacted, that the franchise shall be extended to "every male person of full age, and not subject to any legal incapacity, who shall occupy, within the Borough, &c. as owner or tenant, any house, &c. of the clear yearly value of not less than ten pounds, if duly registered according to the provisions of the Act," respecting the period of occupation and residence, and the payment of rates and taxes. By a subsequent statute, (5th and 6th of William the Fourth, chap. 76,) it is enacted, that all persons who had been admitted as freemen at the time when the act passed, and those who might afterwards acquire that municipal distinction, should have their names entered on the "Freemen's Roll"; a list of qualified persons prepared annually, on or before the first of December, by the town-clerk of the borough. In the year 1839-40, the number of Electors on the Register of this borough was four hundred and ninety-five; being an increase of sixty-five persons over the number registered in 1835-6. Of the above total, three hundred and eighty-eight persons were householders to the amount of ten pounds, and upwards; eleven were freemen; six were freeholders, or burgage tenants; and ninety possessed joint- qualifications. 16 Members of Parliament for Guildford since the year 1800." 1802. HON. THOS. ONSLOW, (afterwards Viscount Cranley). GEN. THE HON. CHAPPLE NORTON, (brother of Lord Grantley). *1806. HON. THOS. ONSLOW, re-elected. GEORGE HOLME SUMNER, elected by a majority of 2, over General Norton, who was afterwards reseated by a Committee of the House of Commons. 1807. GENERAL NORTON. COL. THE HON. T. CRANLEY ONSLOW, (second son of the late Earl). 1812. COL. THE HON. T. C. ONSLOW. ARTHUR ONSLOW, (Serjeant-at-law,) of Send Grove. *1818. MR. SERJEANT ONSLOW. MR. SERJEANT BEST, (now Lord Wynford). J. H. Frankland, esq., the other Candidate, declining on the second day's poll. 46 See TABLES OF THE REVENUE, Population, Commerce, &c. Part ix. p. 355. Published by Authority of Parliament. 17 Wherever, in this List, the date is preceded by an asterisk, it is to be understood that the Election was a contested one. HOUSE OF CORRECTION, GUILDFORD. 379 1819. Mr. Serjeant BEST being appointed a Welsh Judge, CHAS. BARING WALL, ESQ. was called on by a deputation of the electors; and he having acceded to the invitation, came in unopposed. 1820. New Parliament on the decease of George the Third :- MR. SERJEANT ONSLOW MR. CHAS. BARING WALL 1826. MR. SERJEANT ONSLOW. } re-elected. HON. G. CHAPPLE NORTON, (brother of Lord Grantley). On this occasion, Mr. C. B. Wall retired. *1830. GEORGE HOLME SUMNER, ESQ. CHAS. BARING WALL, ESQ. *1831. JAMES MANGLES, ESQ. HON. CHAS. FRANCIS NORTON *1832. JAMES MANGLES, ESQ. C. BARING WALL, ESQ. *1835. JAMES MANGLES, ESQ. C. BARING WALL, ESQ. } elected,—defeating Mr. G. C. Norton. } elected,-defeating Mr. G. H. Sumner, and Mr. C. B. Wall. }elected,—defeating the Hon. Chas. Frans. Norton. } elected,—defeating R. A. Cloyne Austen, esq., eldest son of Sir H. E. Austen, knt. of Shalford House. *1837. CHARLES BARING WALL, ESQ. HON. J. YORK SCARLETT (2nd son of Lord Abinger) 1 elected, defeating Mr. Mangles. HOUSE OF CORRECTION at Guildford.—On an elevated and extra- parochial spot, at a short distance southward from the castle ruins, stands the House of Correction for the county of Surrey. This is a large and convenient structure of red brick; and its upper galleries command a good view of the course of the river Wey and the neigh- bouring country. It was completed in the year 1822; and is solidly built, properly drained, and well ventilated. The whole prison, exclusive of the chapel and a small day-room for female prisoners, is divided into separate cells, eighty-nine in number: an arrangement accommodated to the system of solitary confinement. The cells are in single ranges; and are approached by a corridor in each gallery, extending from one end of the building to the other. There are seven wards; five for men, and two for women. Each ward is accessible by a separate staircase, from the lower to the middle and upper galleries; and is divided from the adjoining wards, from the roof to the basement story, by partition-walls, in which are doors of communication for the passage of the officers of the prison through the corridors, into all the other wards. The Chapel is in the middle gallery. There are in it six compartments, for the several classes of male prisoners; but only one compartment for all the females. In front of the prison, towards the south, stands the governor's house, which is a detached building. Before it, is a passage of com- munication with the different airing-yards, seven in number, and with the garden. The airing-yards are divided from the passage by an open iron fence; and are subject to full inspection from the windows 3 c 2 380 HISTORY OF SURREY. of the governor's residence. In the centre of the airing-yards is a tread-wheel house, containing two tread-wheels, divided into eight compartments; six for males, and two for females: altogether, they will hold sixty-eight prisoners. Over the mill-house is a common mess-room for male prisoners. There is, also, an Infirmary; which is detached from the main building, and comprises four apartments for sick prisoners of each sex. This gaol is under the general jurisdiction of the county magis- trates; but its more immediate superintendence is vested in twelve visiting magistrates. The Governor of this prison, according to the Report of the Inspectors of Prisons, in 1836, had a salary of 150l. a year; and fees, emoluments, and allowances, amounting to 357. 18s. 10d.: at the present time, he receives a fixed salary of 2057. The Chaplain has a stipend of 125l. a year. The Matron has 50l. a year, and a daily allowance of bread. The Surgeon receives 80l. a year, for attendance and medicines. There are, also, attached to the prison, a chief-turnkey, who is likewise schoolmaster; four subordinate male and two female turnkeys; with a miller, a porter, and other inferior officers. The clerk, or secretary, to the visiting magistrates, has a salary of twenty pounds a year. The governor, the chaplain, the matron, the surgeon, and the clerk, are appointed by the magistrates at the quarter-sessions; the other officers by the visitors. Though this prison will afford proper accommodation for no more than eighty-nine prisoners, according to the number of the cells or dormitories, considerably greater numbers have been confined in it of late years. In the course of the year ending at Michaelmas, 1836, there were one hundred and two prisoners in this gaol at one time; and in the preceding year, there had been one hundred and fifteen. The average number is about one hundred and ten: there have been as many as one hundred and forty-one at the same time, namely, one hundred and fifteen men, and twenty-six women. Hence, several prisoners are necessarily lodged in one cell. Four of the cells are of larger dimensions than the others; being capable of containing five or six beds each. It has been a regulation that, if more than one, not less than three prisoners should be placed in one cell; and when the gaol has been crowded, it has been found necessary that three or four should lie in the same bed. The whole number of prisoners admitted into this prison between Michaelmas 1835, and Michaelmas 1836, was four hundred and fourteen; namely, three hundred and fifty-six males, and fifty-eight females. The prisoners are divided into classes; five of males, and two of HOUSE OF CORRECTION, GUILDFORD. 381 females. The first ward is appropriated for the reception of men characterized as rogues and vagabonds; the second, for prisoners summarily convicted; the third, for felon-convicts, mixed however with misdemeanants and persons summarily convicted; the fourth is the proper ward for misdemeanants; the fifth, for men convicted of felony, mixed with those only accused as felons, that is, committed for trial; the sixth ward is for females, summarily convicted; and the seventh, for female felons. 6 What is termed the silent system,' is professedly adopted here, in respect to convicted prisoners. They work in sets or gangs; and, at night, as far as they can be accommodated, sleep in separate cells. But the visiting magistrates state, 'that the separate system cannot be fully adopted at Guildford, without materially altering, or almost rebuilding the prison; which was originally intended for such pri- soners only as were sentenced to hard labour;—-and that the means of inspection afforded to the officers of the prison, without the know- ledge of the prisoners, are very imperfect."" Prisoners sentenced to 'hard labour' are set to work on the tread-wheel; in the mill attached to which corn is ground for customers, and thus the labour of the convicts is rendered productive. The profits for the year ending at Michaelmas, 1836, amounted to 937. 6s. 9d.: twenty per cent. is paid to the governor of the gaol; the remainder goes into the county fund. When there is no corn to be ground, the power is applied to the working of a fly-wheel. The labour characterized as 'not severe,' for men, consists in drawing a large iron roller; and the female prisoners are employed in washing, mending, and making shirts for the prisoners. The duty of the chaplain of this gaol is, to preach two sermons on Sundays; read prayers daily; superintend the school, visiting it every day, Sunday excepted,—and the Infirmary as often as there may be any sick persons requiring attention. He keeps a Journal, in which he records the times of his attendance, and the duties he performs. There is a school for boys, in which they are taught to read; the chief turnkey being the master, assisted by two of the subordinate turnkeys. The Bible is the only book used, spelling-books, &c. excepted. The number of the scholars varies from twenty to forty. There are no means of instruction provided for females. The diseases chiefly prevalent in this prison are, inflammation of the lungs, pleurisy, catarrh, and diarrhoea. The rooms, passages, &c. are frequently white-washed, and are kept perfectly clean. The prison-diet for the men and boys, consists of twenty-four ounces of bread, with potatoes, vegetable soup, and gruel, every day; 48 See REPORTS RESPECTING GAOLS in 1837, p. 151: pub. 1838. HISTORY OF SURREY. 382 and four ounces of meat, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The diet of the women is the same, except that they have but sixteen ounces of bread daily. Some of the prisoners are employed as monitors, cleaners, &c.; and these receive additional allowances of provisions. The expense of the diet for all the prisoners, in 1836, was 5497. 10s. 2d.; being 5l. 11s. each for the year. The total expenditure of the prison for the year ending at Michael- mas, 1836, was 1,6467. 17s. 1d.: the profits of productive labour amounted to 937. 6s. 9d.; the fines paid by prisoners, applicable to the county-rate, to 97. 8s. 49 Since the passing of the "Act for the Amendment and better Ad- ministration of the Laws relating to the Poor in England and Wales," (4th and 5th of William the Fourth, chap. 76,) the several parishes mentioned below, have been formed into what is termed the Guildford Union; and a new Union Workhouse has, in consequence, been erected at Stoke-next-Guildford,50 for the reception of those who are so unfortunate as to be subjected to the restraints now inflicted upon poverty. The meetings of the Board of Guardians of the twenty parishes belonging to this Union, are held at the workhouse at Stoke, on Saturdays, weekly, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, in summer; and at half-past ten, in the winter. The total expenditure for the poor of each parish, during the year ending September the 19th, 1840, was as follows:- ALBURY CLANDON (EAST) CLANDON (WEST) COMPTON... GODALMING • GUILDFORD, Holy Trinity HORSLEY (EAST) £ s. d. 565 12 8 136 3 7 248 14 0 272 3 11 2871 19 4 398 7 4 St. Mary 538 11 2 • St. Nicholas, including Artington 590 14 9 • 93 19 4 HORSLEY (WEST). 382 10 10 MERROW. OCKHAM • PIRBRIGHT. SEND and RIPLEY SHERE 168 5 4 316 15 8 358 2 2 2 920 11 4 908 13 2 920 8 11 STOKE.. WANBOROUGH · WISLEY WOKING WORPLESDON 44 17 0 59 6 9 1410 0 1 972 5 9 Total.... £12,178 3 1 19 See 2nd REPORT OF INSPECTORS OF PRISONS, &c. p. 421, and (Evidence of Prisoners and Officers) 425 to 429. 50 Calculated to accommodate 300 paupers. CORN-MARKET, GUILDford. 383 Immediately opposite to the Town-hall is the new CORN-MARKET HOUSE and Assize Court; which was erected in the year 1818, on the site of the old market-house, enlarged by ground previously occupied by the Three Tuns inn. The expense was defrayed, partly by sub- scription, and partly by the corporation; the entire cost being 46757. Of that total, 21757. were subscribed in the following sums, viz.- William, Lord Grantley, high-steward of Guildford, 2007.; Mr. Serjeant Best, recorder, 2007.; Mr. Serjeant Onslow, and Baring Wall, esq. the borough members, 2007. each; G. H. Sumner, esq. and William J. Denison, esq. the members for the county of Surrey, 50%. each; Joseph Haydon, esq. mayor of Guildford, 1507.; Mr. Alderman Martyr, 301.; Mr. Ald. Russell, 307.; Mr. Ald. Waugh, 107.; Mr. Ald. French, 50l.; Mr. Ald. Nealds, 107.; Mr. Ald. Booker, 207.; Mr. Ald. Elkins, (with Mr. John Cooke, his partner,) 50%; Richard Sparkes, esq. of Stoke, 1007.; Henry Drummond, esq. of Albury, 50%.; Messrs. Woodyer, Newland, and Stedman, 1007.; William and Thomas Haydon, esqrs. 50l. each; Francis Skurray, esq. 501.; William Sparkes, esq. 50%.; Edmund Elkins, esq. of Ber- mondsey, 217.; Mr. and Mrs. Gibson, of Bradstone-brook, 201. each; James Mangles, esq. of Woodbridge, 207.; Messrs. George and Job Smallpeice, 201.; Messrs. George Foster, Charles Niblett, William Shaw, George Stovell, and Messrs. Sharp, 207. each; and the remain- ing part in various smaller donations. For the purchase of the estate, and to defray the expenses incurred beyond the amount of the above subscription, the sum of 2500l. was paid by the Corporation. 51 52 The first stone of this edifice was laid with much ceremony by Joseph Haydon, esq. the mayor; and the design and appropriate character of the building reflects great credit on its architect, Mr. Joseph Garling. The front is constituted by a handsome and lofty portico of the Tuscan order. The market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays; the latter being the principal. This market is regarded as one of the best in England, for the superior quality of the wheat which is sold here; and there is, in general, an ample supply. Besides this, there are other convenient markets connected with the town; of which that for vegetables, &c. is kept in Market-street, in a large room, erected in 1789, by the Lords Onslow and Grantley, and originally intended, both for judicial business and convivial entertain- The market-house for butter, poultry, &c. was formerly a 51 On this occasion, the professional business, connected with the erection of the market-house, was performed gratuitously by the late Mr. Joseph Hockley, solicitor, and town-clerk of Guildford. ments. 52 From a Memorandum of the 2nd of Charles the First, in Russell's GUILDFORD, pp. 160-162, it appears that the wheat-market was first established on its present site in 1625, 384 HISTORY OF SURREY. Cock-pit, but converted to its present purpose in the year 1800. In the same street is a small Theatre, which was built between forty and fifty years ago, but is only occasionally used. There are two annual fairs at Guildford for cattle and horses, which are held on the 4th of May and the 22nd of November; and a fair for lambs is kept on the Tuesday preceding Easter, and on every succeeding Tuesday until Whitsuntide. The Bridge over the Wey, at the western extremity of the town, which connects the parishes of St. Mary and St. Nicholas, was originally built of stone, and consisted of five arches. It was closed by a bar, which was opened only when floods took place; but at the time the river was made navigable to Godalming, the centre arch was widened with brick-work, so as to admit of the passage of barges under it. In 1825, during the mayoralty of James Stedman, esq. the bridge was still further widened and improved, by the addition of iron arches with balustrades, under the direction of Mr. Porter, engineer and architect. The expense of this last improvement was 1285l. 15s. 4d.; of which sum Mr. Porter received 981. 9s. 6d., for plans, estimates, and superintendence. The money was obtained by voluntary contribution; the borough members, viz. Mr. Serjeant Onslow, and C. Baring Wall, esq. becoming subscribers of 100%. each; and 250l. being given by the Trustees of the Lower District of the Sheetbridge turnpike-road.53 The alteration, first mentioned, was made at the expense of the Trustees of the Godalming Navigation, appointed under the authority of an Act of Parliament; and they undertook to keep the bridge in repair: the more recent alteration was effected with the consent of those trustees, who are still engaged, as to the repair of the bridge. the usual "markett house next the Guildhall under the councell chamber of this towne,-by reason of the multitude of corne brought to be sold there,”-no longer being "sufficient to containe the wheate, barleye, peas, and other grayne accustimablie sold there."-In the same work are various particulars relating to the old markets and shambles of this town. There was formerly a Fish-cross (called the Round-House in Queen Elizabeth's reign) in the middle of the High-street, near the Angel inn; and near it, opposite the Swan yard, were the Butchers' Shambles. 53 The remainder of the aggregate subscription was comprised by the sums of 501. each, from the Right Hon. Fletcher, Lord Grantley; George Chapple Norton, esq. M.P.; Colonel Delap; and Col. Holme Sumner: of 251. each, from James Stedman, and Joseph Haydon, esqrs.: and of smaller sums, of twenty guineas downward, from the inhabitants of the town, and surrounding gentry.-The cost of the iron-work was 665l. 4s. 4d.; of the Bricklayers and Plasterers' work, 1897. 6s. 10d.; the Stone-mason's work, 1017.; Carpenters' work, 187. 7s. 8d.; and the disbursements for fittings, labour, and wages, 172l. 15s. 11d.; besides smaller sums under different heads.-By going down to the edge of the river at the foot of the bridge, on the south side, a spectator may discern portions of all the three bridges. the ORIGIN OF GUILDFORD WATER-WORKS. 385 Guildford WATER WORKS.-The parishes of St. Mary, the Holy Trinity, and part of Stoke-next-Guildford, are supplied with Water for domestic purposes from the river Wey, by a Company, which was formed about the beginning of the last century. This useful result arose from the speculation of an individual named William Yarnold, who, having obtained a grant for the purpose from the mayor and approved men of Guildford, erected a water-engine near the town bridge. But that situation being found inconvenient, he proposed to remove his engine "to one of the conduits of the Fulling mills," (which stood on the spot now occupied by the Guildford corn-mills on the banks of the river below St. Mary's church)-provided, "he might have a lease of a piece of ground eight feet square, or there- abouts, with liberty to enter into the Fulling mills to look after and amend his engine, and to lay pipes in the said mill and under the bridges, for conducting the water, and have the use of the mill- wheel." These proposals were agreed to by the Corporation; and a lease was granted to him for nine hundred years from the 20th of July, 1701. Many improvements in the Water-works have been since made; and the water, which is raised about one hundred feet, being thrown into a Reservoir at the foot of Pewley-hill, is thence distributed through the town. The capital of the Company is divided into eight shares; three of which belong to the corporation. The PAVING of Guildford appears to have been commenced in the forty-fifth year of Queen Elizabeth's reign; at which time all persons were ordered, at their own charge, "to paue before their doores in the High Street eight foote in breadth on payne of 20 shillings." In 1650 another order was issued, for 'pitching' the High-street "from Hog's-flesh corner to Friary-lane end," with good stones;-the in- habitants to maintain three yards at least from their respective houses; and the residue to be done by the way-wardens for the time being. But the latest and most essential improvements have been made by the Commissioners appointed under an Act of Parliament, passed in 1812, (52nd Geo. III. chap. 51) for Paving, Cleaning, and Improving the town of Guildford; the jurisdiction under which is co-extensive with the limits of the old borough. This act provides for repaving the whole with flag-stones, &c.; and removing projecting signs and other nuisances. Scavengers have, also, been appointed under this statute; and the houses properly numbered. The carriage road along the rapid descent of the High-street was mac-adamized in the autumn of 1840, and much improved by that useful process. The GUILDFORD GAS AND COKE COMPANY was established with a 54 Manning's SURREY, vol. i. p. 33. VOL. I. 55 Id. 3 D 386 HISTORY OF SURREY. capital of 39007. in 1824; and on May the 4th, in that year, the town was first lighted with gas. The gasometer stands on the western bank of the Wey in the parish of St. Nicholas. In the same parish, near the summit of the elevated tract formerly called Guildown, is a lofty prospect-tower, which was erected in 1839 by Charles Booker, esq.; and has, in consequence, obtained the name of BOOKER'S TOWER. It stands at the south-western corner of the new borough boundary, and is built upon land which had been recently sold by Mr. Booker to James Stedman, esq.;56 who has granted a lease of the site to its former owner. This tower, which is of an octagonal form, and seventy feet in height, is constructed of stone brought from the quarries at Godalming. The lower part is strengthened with buttresses; and the upper story is embattled. It commands a series of fine prospects over a vast extent of country; including considerable parts of Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Middlesex. The South Downs are distinctly seen from this elevation; and in a contrary direction, the hills of Hampstead and Highgate are visible on the edge of the horizon. Several SOCIETIES for the promotion of Christianity have been established in this town, viz.;-The Protestant Society (instituted in 1839); the Auxiliary Bible Society; the Auxiliary Association for promoting Christianity among the Jews; the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts; the Guildford Town Mission; and the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge in the Guildford District. There are, likewise, other Associations for the relief of the poor, and the protection of property. Although, numerically, the Dissenters from the established church, form but a small portion of the inhabitants; the Baptists (particular), Inde- pendents, Society of Friends, and Wesleyan Methodists, have meeting- houses in this town. GUILDFORD LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION.-This Insti- tution was established in 1835, under the patronage of Henry Drummond, esq. of Albury, who is the president. From a Report lately published (1841), it appears that there are about one hundred and twenty members belonging to this society; and from them is chosen a committee of management. The members pay ten shillings a year each; which entitles the subscriber to a participation in all the advan- tages of the institution, including admission to public lectures, and the right to introduce a female friend to such lectures. A subscriber 56 From the very pleasant residence of Mr. Stedman, which stands on Little Mount, (now called Mount Pleasant), near the steep ascent of the Hogsback, the view of Guild- ford attached to this work, was sketched by the eldest daughter of that gentleman. INSTITUTIONS AT GUILDFORD. 387 of twenty shillings annually has the additional advantage of a trans- ferable ticket for the lectures; and a donation of five pounds at once constitutes the donor a member of the institution for life. Collections of ancient marbles, minerals, fossils, and entomological specimens, belong to the society, chiefly consisting of presents from Mr. Drummond; and a series of casts taken from Grecian works of art, including the Elgin and the Phigaleian marbles, in the British Museum; and casts from other sculptures have been procured by means of a private subscription. There is a Library, containing between seven and eight hundred volumes, for the use of members, either in the reading-room, or for perusal at home. Many lectures on various subjects connected with literature and science have been delivered before the members of this institution since its commencement. Essays, also, composed by persons belonging to this society, have been publicly read; and classes have been formed for the purpose of facilitating the acquisition of particular kinds of knowledge. This Society holds its meetings, and has its collections in apartments at the back of the Angel Inn. GUILDFORD MECHANICS' INSTITUTE.-A Mechanics' Institute was formed here in April, 1834; which comprises one hundred and twenty-six members. The minimum subscription is two shillings a quarter; but many persons pay half-a-crown, and some others five shillings. The institution is under the management of a committee; and it has a president and other officers, the services of all of whom are gratuitous. There is a reading-room (situated in Fishmonger's gate), and a library of between five and six hundred volumes; and lectures on various branches of science have, at different times, been delivered for the instruction of the members of the institute. The SURREY SOUTH-WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION (the general meetings of which have been, hitherto, held in this town) was founded in the year 1840. It originated in a proposal made by that eminent agriculturist, Mr. Thomas Drewitt, sen. of Piccard's Farm, at a public dinner at the White Hart, in Guildford, in the preceding year; in consequence of which, many of the gentry and leading farmers of the county came forward with subscriptions for the establishment and support of an Association for the promotion of the interests of agriculture, and the improvement of farm-servants, and of the labouring agricultural population, in the hundreds of Woking, Godalming, Farnham, Blackheath, and Effingham. The first general meeting of the Society, which was both numerous and respectable, took place at Guildford, October the 23rd, 1840, under the presidency of William Holme Sumner, esq. of Hatchlands; to whose influential 3 D 2 388 HISTORY OF SURREY. and personal exertions the Society is greatly indebted for its formation and success. On that occasion there was a ploughing match in a field at Stoke; and prizes were distributed among the ploughmen and drivers who were considered as having executed the work appointed in the best manner. Premiums were, also, bestowed on several classes of farm-servants, for length of service and good behaviour; and on labourers or their widows, for having distinguished themselves in the proper education of their children. The first general annual meeting of this Association was held in the council-chamber at Guildford, on the 10th of March, 1841. From the published report of proceedings it appears, that the receipts of the Society up to that time amounted to 2067. 16s.; and the expenditure to 150l. Sir Henry Fletcher, bart. was appointed chairman for the ensuing year; the list of the managing committee was augmented by the addition of the names of several gentlemen; and the general annual meeting was appointed to be held in future, on the second Wednesday in May. It was also agreed, that the next meeting of the Association should be held at Godalming. The GUILDFORD FLORICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, which is held under the patronage of Lord and Lady Grantley, and others, was instituted a few years since, for the purpose of promoting improvements in the culture of Flowers and Fruits in this part of the country. Annual Exhibitions of flowers, fruits, and vegetables take place, under the direction of a committee, at the green-market in Guildford; when prizes are awarded for the finest specimens of the respective classes; the competition being restricted to persons residing within twenty miles of the town. The last exhibition took place on the 22nd of September, 1840; when, besides a number of beautiful dahlias and roses in choice variety, there were shewn some curious green-house plants of different species. Among the natives of Guildford who attained distinction in former days were Robert de Geldeford, who was prebendary of Sarum about the 31st of Henry the Second's reign; and Master Peter de Gildeford, clerk, who became Remembrancer of the Exchequer in the 18th year of Edward the First." The name of Gilbert de Guldeford is, also, several times mentioned in an Issue roll of the Exchequer (preserved among the Pell Records) of the 43rd of Henry the Third, "for works done to the King's Palace at Westminster," as one of the carpenters employed about "the construction of the common outer chamber, and putting the shingles on the King's kitchens." His pay was 31d. per day;-which was the general wages of the carpenters employed at the royal palace at that time. 57 Madox, HISTORY OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. i. p. 311; and vol. ii. p. 159. EMINENT NATIVES OF GUILDFORD. 389 In another Issue roll of Thomas de Brantingham, bishop of Exeter, and Lord high-treasurer of England, recording payments made out of his Majesty's revenue in the 44th year of King Edward the Third (1370) are notices of several payments of 91. 2s. 6d. each, made to Andrew de Gildeford, the king's serjeant-at-arms, and surveyor of the king's ships, "to whom the King by his letters patent lately granted 12d. for his wages daily, to be received at the Exchequer during his life, for the good services rendered by him to the same Lord the King." There is, also, an entry of the payment of 31. 6s. 8d. to John de Guldeford, "to whom the King by his letters patent lately granted 10 marks yearly, during his life, for the good service rendered by him to the same Lord the King.' What the services alluded to in these extracts actually were, do not appear. 58 59 Among the more eminent natives of Guildford of a later period, 55 Vide "Issue Roll of Thomas de Brantingham," translated by Frederick Devon, pp. 25, 63, 343, &c. In the same publication is also the following entry, p. 359 :—“ To Simon Brokas, Keeper of the King's Park of Gildeford, to whom the Lord the King lately granted 4d. daily, to be received at the Exchequer during his life, beyond the 2d. which he elsewhere receives of the King's gift, for the good service rendered by him to the same Lord the King. In money delivered to him in discharge of this his allowance, £3. 0. 10.” 59 Among the Petitions made to Parliament in the 21st and 22nd of the reign of Edward the Third, preserved among the manuscript collections of Sir Matthew Hale, in the library belonging to Lincoln's Inn, is one addressed to the King and Council, by Andreu de Guldeford, King's Serjeant-at-Arms, who, most probably, was the same person as the Andrew named in the Issue Roll of the Lord High-Treasurer. The petitioner sets forth, that he had been engaged in long service in different places, and especially in Ireland, with Mons. Rauf d' Ufford, Justice of Ireland, in an expedition into Ulster, against the enemies of the King of England, when he fought against one Thomas Maccartan, who called himself the Irish King [Roy Irroys]; and it was proclaimed throughout the host, that any one who would take Maccartan alive should have a reward of one hundred pounds, or forty pounds for killing him. And the Justice returned home, and left the petitioner, de Guldeford, governor [Gardeyn] in that country: and the Irish King returning with a great host, to destroy the country, Andreu encountered him, and by the grace of God, defeated him, and took him alive; and afterwards he was put to death, according to law, and by the judgment of the country; for which the said Andreu obtained no advantage or profit. And further, in the district of Uriel, in the same country, the petitioner met with a great discomfiture, and lost thirty men, and horses and armour to the value of one hundred pounds. Afterwards, in his passage from Ireland,he lost his son, his six men, all his horses, and all his goods, to the value of two hundred pounds. He therefore prays that the king would have regard to his great labours and losses, in his service; and in charity grant that he should have his main- tenance until the Justice and Treasurer of Ireland, and other good knights, should bear witness to the truth of his statements. In answer to the Petition, it is admitted that the Justice of Ireland had recognized in full council the truth of the allegations of the petitioner; and that, therefore, it was but reasonable, that he should be paid the hundred pounds promised for taking Maccartan; and that the King should grant him such further reward as his services and losses deserved. It was then ordered that he should have one hundred pounds from the ferm of Waterford.-See ROTUL. PARLIAMENT. vol. ii. pp. 211, 12. 390 HISTORY OF SURREY. may be noticed the Bishops Parkhurst and Abbot; exclusively of George Abbot, the archbishop, of whom a memoir has been given already. JOHN PARKHURST, who became bishop of Norwich, was the son of George Parkhurst of Guildford, where he was born, in or about 1511. He is said to have received his early education at the free grammar school of his native place, then recently founded; but Anthony Wood states that he was sent, "when very young, to Oxford, where he was educated in grammar learning in the school joining to Magdalen College common-gate, under the famous Mr. Thomas Robertson." In 1529 he was chosen a fellow of Merton college; in 1532 he became Master of Arts, and entered into holy orders. He then obtained the valuable rectory of Bishop's Cleve, in Gloucestershire; but on the death of King Edward the Sixth, his attachment to Protestantism induced him to relinquish his preferment, and seek shelter from apprehended persecution among the English refugees at Zurich. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he returned to Eng- land; and in 1560, was promoted to the bishopric of Norwich, by that sovereign. He died on the 2nd of February, 1574; and was interred in his cathedral; where a monument to his memory was erected, which was destroyed during the civil war in the reign of Charles the First. Bishop Parkhurst is chiefly known as the author of Latin Epigrams; of which his chief work has the title 'Ludicra sive Epigrammata Juvenilia,' 4to; and was published in 1573, the year preceding his decease. "Which book," says Wood, "though written in his younger days, and containing therein more obscenity than the Epigrams of Martial, (as some say, though I myself cannot perceive it,) yet while he was Bishop he must needs have it printed, alleging that he would not be like Heliodorus, to lose his bishopric for it." This prelate was the translator of the Apocrypha, from the book of Wisdom to the end, in 'the Bishops' Bible,' published by the command of Queen Elizabeth. He bequeathed to the library of the Free-school in his native place all his books of divinity not in the English language; and he is said to have given the twelfth part of his goods, plate, &c. to the poor of Guildford; which donation, however, was withheld by his executors. Several of his letters have been published by Strype; and others are preserved in manuscript in the British Museum. 60 61 ROBERT ABBOT, who became bishop of Salisbury, was the elder brother of George Abbot, the archbishop; and was born at Guildford, Go Wood, ATHENE OXONIENSIS, 2nd edit.; 1721: vol. i. col. 179. 61 Manning and Bray, SURREY, vol. i. pp. 76. 77. EMINENT NATIVES OF GUILDFORD. 391 in 1560. His education commenced at the free-school in his native town; and in 1575 he matriculated at Baliol college, Oxford; where, in 1582, he took the degree of Master of Arts. Having been chosen a Preaching Fellow [Socius Sacerdotalis] of his college in the pre- ceding year, he soon distinguished himself by his lectures at St. Martin's Carfax, Oxford; and being made rector of the parish of All-Saints, at Worcester, he resigned his fellowship in March, 1588. A sermon, which he subsequently preached at Paul's Cross, London, is said to have been so much admired by John Stanhope, esq. one of his auditors, that he rewarded the preacher with the rich rectory of Bingham in Northamptonshire. In 1594 he published a treatise, intituled "The Mirror of Popish Subtilties"; which was the first production by which he made himself known as a polemical writer. In 1597 he proceeded Doctor of Divinity. He again attacked the Catholics in 1603, in his "Anti- christi Demonstratio, contra Fabulas Pontificias, et ineptam Rob. Bellarmini de Antichristo Disputationem." King James was so much pleased with this work, that on the publication of a second edition of it, in 1608, he directed that his own Commentary on a part of the Revelations, relating to the same subject, (Antichrist,) should be printed together with it. In 1609 Dr. Abbot was elected master of Baliol college; and in November, the following year, made prebendary of Normanton, in the collegiate church of Southwell. James the First, who paid more attention to religious controversy than to the duties of his high station, founded a college at Chelsea; the inmates of which were to devote their talents to the defence of the Protestant church against the Catholics; and Dr. Robert Abbot, as might have been expected, was nominated one of the first fellows. of that establishment; which, however, did not long survive the reign of its founder. The buildings originally intended for the champions of the church, were ultimately appropriated for the residence of disabled soldiers, forming the Royal Hospital of Chelsea. In 1612, this divine was nominated Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford; where he delivered lectures on the king's supremacy, afterwards published, with the title "De Suprema Potestate Regia, Exercitationes habitæ in Acad. Oxon. contra Rob. Bellarminum et Fran. Suarez." These lectures, doubtless, contributed to the promotion of the author to the bishopric of Salisbury, which he obtained in 1615; being con- secrated by his brother, the archbishop, in his chapel at Lambeth, on December the 3rd in that year. "Herein," says Fuller, "he equalled the felicity of Suffridus, Bishop of Chichester, that, being himself a 392 HISTORY OF SURREY. Bishop, he saw his brother George at the same time Archbishop of Canterbury. Of these two, George was the more plausible Preacher, Robert the greater Scholar; George the abler States-man, Robert the deeper Divine: Gravity did frown in George, and smile in Robert." " About half a year after his elevation to the episcopal dignity, he married a second time, greatly, it is reported, to the displeasure of his metropolitan brother; who had himself lived in celibacy, and was, probably, shocked at the new bishop's utter neglect of the pastoral advice of St. Paul to Timothy. Bishop Abbot was afflicted with a nephritic complaint; in con- sequence of which, after severe suffering, he died on March the 2nd, 1617-18; and was interred in his own cathedral. He was the author of several works, besides those above mentioned; some of which are in manuscript, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford." SIR MAURICE ABBOT, brother of the prelates, of whom an account has been already given, was the sixth and youngest son of Maurice Abbot, cloth-worker, of Guildford. He received his education at the Free-school in that town; and devoted himself to the pursuit of trade and commerce with so much success, that he became one of the most eminent merchants of the period at which he lived. It appears that he was a Director of the East India Company, founded in the time of Queen Elizabeth; and in the ensuing reign, Mr. Abbot had acquired so much reputation for acquaintance with the commercial interests of his native country, and her colonial settlements, that he was appointed one of the commissioners to conclude a treaty with the Dutch East India Company, containing regulations as to the respective shares of the merchants of Britain and Holland in the traffic with the Molucca, or Spice Islands. The treaty was signed on the 7th of July, 1619; and ratified by the king, on the 16th of the same month. In the following year, Abbot, in conjunction with Sir Dudley Digges, was sent on an embassy to Holland; one of the objects of which was, the recovery of goods belonging to British merchants which had been seized by the Dutch; but the result of this mission is not mentioned." By the treaty it had been decided, that the Dutch Company should have two-thirds of the commerce with the Spice Islands, and the English one-third; and this agreement was to continue in force for twenty years: but the covetous Dutchmen were by no means satisfied with the arrangement, and as history informs us, secured for a long 62 Fuller's WORTHIES, vol. ii. p. 358; 4to.; edit. 1811. 63 Wood, ATHENE OXONIENSES, 2nd edit. vol. i. col. 430. vol. i. 64 Camden, ANNALES, Nov. 1620. BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA, EMINENT NATIVES OF GUILDFORD. 393 period the whole commerce of the islands to themselves, by the perfidious massacre of the agents of the English East India Company at Amboyna, in 1624; which infamous transgression against inter- national law, as well as the common rights of humanity, neither James the First, nor his son and successor, had spirit or ability to punish or resent; and it was not till under the protectorate of Cromwell, that the States General were compelled to make atonement for the injury which this nation had suffered. In 1623, Mr. Abbot was one of the farmers of the customs, as appears from a commission published in Rymer's Fœdera, authorizing Abbot and others to administer certain oaths to persons desiring to enter or quit this kingdom. In the next year, he was nominated one of the council for establishing the colony of Virginia. On the acces- sion of Charles the First, he received the honour of knighthood; and in the same year, 1625, he was chosen one of the representatives for the city of London: in 1627, he served the office of Sheriff; and in 1638, he was Lord-mayor. His death took place January the 10th, 1640. He married Joan Austen, by whom he had five children; one of whom, his son George, took the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in 1630, at Oxford, when he was a Fellow of Merton college. 65 JOHN RUSSELL, R. A. the celebrated painter in crayons, was another eminent native of this town. He was born in the year 1745, being the eldest son of Mr. John Russell, bookseller, who was four times mayor of Guildford, (the last time in 1797,) and died, father of the corporation, at the advanced age of ninety-five. His son having in early youth evinced a strong predilection for drawing, was placed under the tuition of Mr. Francis Coates, an academician of great talent; after whose decease, "he enjoyed the reputation of being the first artist in Crayon Painting, in which he particularly excelled in the delineation of female beauty." In 1789, he was himself chosen a member of the Royal Academy; and soon after, appointed Crayon Painter to the King, the Prince of Wales, and the Duke of York. Notwithstanding the extraordinary abilities of Mr. Russell ensured him a constant succession of professional employment, he devoted considerable attention to astronomical pursuits; and his Selenographia, or Model of the Moon, which occupied the whole of his leisure from the year 1785 until 1797, affords a remarkable instance of his ingenuity and perseverance. At the time of his decease, he had finished two other drawings, which completed his plan, and exhibit an elaborate view of the moon in a full state of illumination. These were published about two years after his death;—and it has been truly remarked, 65 Vide BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA, vol. i. VOL. I. 3 E 394 HISTORY OF SURREY. that "the great utility of this masterly work to the sciences connected with astronomy, has been acknowledged by those who are best able to appreciate its value." Mr. Russell died at Hull, in Yorkshire, on the 20th of April, 1806, in his sixty-fourth year; and was interred in the High Church of that town. He was the author of a small tract, which appeared in 4to. in 1772, on the Elements of Painting in Crayons':—a work that is now exceedingly scarce. TITLES OF HONOUR derived from the Town of Guildford.-Persons belonging to three different families have taken titles of nobility from this place. The individual first thus distinguished was Lady Elizabeth Fielding, the youngest daughter of William, first earl of Denbigh, who in 1639 was married to Lewis Boyle, Viscount Kinelmeacky, in the kingdom of Ireland, a younger son of Richard, first earl of Cork. In the civil war, in the time of Charles the First, this nobleman took up arms in support of the royal cause; and he lost his life in the battle of Liscarrol, September the 3rd, 1642. Charles the Second rewarded the services of Lord Kinelmeacky by bestowing on his widow a British peerage. She was created Countess of Guildford, for life, by letters patent, dated July 14, 1660; and she died without issue, but in what year is uncertain. The title of Earl of Guildford was first conferred on John Maitland, earl and afterwards duke of Lauderdale in Scotland, one of the con- fidential ministers of Charles the Second, who was deeply involved in the arbitrary measures of the government during the period immedi- ately succeeding the restoration of that prince. He had been a royalist at the time of the civil war, and was present at the battle of Worcester, where he was taken prisoner, in September, 1650. He was detained in captivity nearly nine years, till within a short time before the king returned from exile, when he was liberated; and having recommended himself to favour at court, he was appointed Secretary of State for Scotland. In 1671 he married the Countess of Dysart, who was his second consort, and thus he came into the possession of the manor and mansion-house of Ham, in the parish of Kingston. On the 2nd of May, 1672, he was created Marquis of March, and Duke of Lauderdale; and on June the 3rd, in the same year, he was made a Knight of the Garter. In 1674 he was raised to 66 There are two very clever portraits (large ovals) in crayons, by this artist, in the small but valuable cabinet of William Newland, esq. in this town, viz.-John Palmer in the character of Comus, and Mrs. Wells as Anne Page, in the Merry Wives of Windsor; both of which have been engraved. Among the other pictures in the collection of this gentleman, are two very early and clever paintings of St. Peter and St. Paul, on panel, (each about four feet in height); and a Battle piece of great merit, by Hugtenburgh. EARL, AND BARONS OF GUILDFORD. 395 an English peerage, by the titles of Baron of Petersham, and Earl of Guildford. His life is supposed to have been shortened by vexation of mind, at the animosity of the people against him, in consequence of his conduct as a statesman; and he died on the 24th of August, 1682. The duke had no issue by his second marriage: but by his first lady, who was the daughter of the Earl of Hume, he had a daughter named Anne, who married John, second marquis of Tweed- dale. As he left no male issue, the honours he had acquired, being entailed on the heirs male of his body, became extinct; and the hereditary title of Earl of Lauderdale devolved on his brother, Charles Maitland. : In the year following that of the death of Lauderdale, the title of Baron of Guildford was conferred on Sir Francis North, then Lord- keeper of the Great Seal. He was the second son of Dudley, Lord North, of Kirtling; and was born in 1640. After some stay at St. John's college, Cambridge, he became a student at the Middle Temple; and having completed his education, he was called to the bar. His talents and industry raised him to eminence in his pro- fession in May, 1671, he was appointed Solicitor-general, when he received the honour of knighthood; in 1673 he was made Attorney- general; and the next year, promoted to the office of Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas. In April, 1679, when the king admitted into the Privy-council Lord Shaftesbury, the Earl of Essex, Lord William Russell, and other opposition members of parliament, the Chief- Justice North was also called to a seat at the council table. He had been a supporter of the measures of the government, both when he sat in the House of Commons whilst Solicitor-general, and after his advancement to the peerage; and in his new station he maintained the principles he had before professed, displaying, however, a spirit of prudence and moderation not often observed among the contemporary statesmen of that era. In December, 1682, on the death of the Lord-chancellor Finch, earl of Nottingham, he succeeded him in the custody of the Great Seal; and by letters patent, dated September the 27th, 1683, he was created a peer of the realm, by the style and title of Lord North, Baron of Guildford, in the county of Surrey. He retained the office of lord-keeper after the accession of James the Second to the throne; but he did not long survive that event, his death taking place on the 5th of September, 1685. By his lady, who was the second daughter of Thomas Pope, earl of Down, he left two sons, the eldest of whom succeeded to his title. Francis North, the second baron of Guildford, was born in 1673. He was educated at Trinity college, Oxford, where he obtained the 3 E 2 396 HISTORY OF SURREY. degree of Master of Arts. In November, 1690, he took his seat in the House of Peers; in July, 1712, he was made a commissioner of the Board of Trade and Plantations; and subsequently, a member of the Privy-council. He died in 1729. He was twice married; and by his second lady, the second daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Brownlow, he had an only son, who became his successor. Francis North, third Lord Guildford, was born in 1704. He was chosen member of parliament for Banbury, in the first parliament that sat in the reign of George the Second; and in October, 1730, he was appointed a gentleman of the bedchamber to Frederic, prince of Wales. On the death of his father's first cousin, William, Lord North, of Kirtling, in 1734, he succeeded to the title. In November, 1750, he was constituted governor of the Prince royal, afterwards George the Third; and by letters patent, dated April the 8th, 1752, he was created Earl of Guildford. His death took place in 1790. This nobleman was thrice married. His first consort was the daughter of George Montagu, earl of Halifax; and by her he had one son, who succeeded to his titles. By his second wife, the Viscountess Dowager of Lewisham, he had a son, Brownlow, who entered into holy orders, and obtained the bishopric of Winchester; and also three daughters. His third lady brought him no children. Frederic, the second earl and fourth baron of Guildford, best known by the title of Lord North, which he also inherited, was born on the 13th of April, 1732. He obtained a seat in parliament in 1754, when he was chosen representative of the borough of Banbury; and he sat in successive parliaments for the same place till he was called to the House of Peers on the decease of his father. In June, 1759, he was made a commissioner of the Treasury; and in August, 1766, joint-paymaster of the forces. He was appointed to the office of chancellor of the Exchequer, December the 1st, 1767; and in January, 1770, he was also constituted First Lord of the Treasury; and was placed in the arduous station of prime-minister during the critical period of the war which terminated in the loss of the British colonies in North America, and the acknowledgment of their inde- pendence as forming the Republic of the United States. In June, 1772, Lord North was made a knight of the Garter; and in the same year, he was chosen chancellor of the University of Oxford. In March, 1774, he was appointed Lord-lieutenant, and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Somerset ; in 1778, he was con- stituted constable of Dover castle, and lord-warden of the Cinque Ports, during pleasure; and in April, 1782, he had a grant of that office for life. In the preceding month, his lordship had retired from BARONS OF GUILDFORD. 397 the helm of state, on the termination of the American war: but in the next year, he entered into a coalition with his previous political opponent, Charles James Fox; and on the 2nd of April, 1783, he took the office of Secretary of State for the Home department. This incongruous association, which exposed both parties to much public animadversion, did not last long; for on the 19th of December, in the same year, Lord North resigned his office; and his immediate connexion with the affairs of government finally ceased. His death took place on the 5th of August, 1792. He married in 1756, Ann, the daughter and heiress of George Speke, esq. of Dillington in the county of Somerset, by whom he had three sons, who successively inherited his titles; and also three daughters. George Augustus, third earl of Guildford, succeeded to the family titles and estates on the death of his father. In 1785, he married Maria Francis Mary, daughter of George, earl of Buckinghamshire; by whom he had a daughter, Maria, who was married to the Marquis of Bute. Being left a widower, the earl married Susan, daughter of Thomas Coutts, esq. banker; and by her he had two daughters, Susan and Georgiana. He died on the 20th of April, 1802; when the barony of North of Kirtling fell into abeyance between his three daughters; the peerage being founded on a writ of summons to par- liament, and therefore descending to heirs general; but the earldom and barony of Guildford, created by letters patent, and limited to heirs male, devolved on Francis North, the next brother of the late peer, who thus became the fourth earl of Guildford. He married Maria, daughter of Thomas Boycott, esq.; by whom he left no children. His death took place in 1817. Frederic, the youngest son of the celebrated statesman, Lord North, succeeded his brother as fifth earl of Guildford. He held the office of chancellor of the University of the Ionian islands, and was knight- grand-cross of the Ionian Order. Dying unmarried, October the 14th, 1827, his titles reverted to his cousin, (the eldest son of the Right Rev. Brownlow North, bishop of Winchester,) the Rev. Francis North, rector of Southampton and Alresford in Hampshire, prebendary of Winchester, and master of the hospital of St. Cross; who is the sixth and present earl of Guildford. He was born on the 17th of December, 1772; and has been twice married. By Harriet, his second consort, daughter of the late Lieut. Gen. Sir Henry Ward, G.C.B., he has a son, Dudley, Lord Guildford, who was born August the 7th, 1829; and is, consequently, a minor. Nothing has yet been stated respecting the remarkable site of 398 HISTORY OF SURREY. Guildford, which, says a late writer, "is, perhaps, the most singular and romantic of any in England.'" This, however, must be under- stood with much limitation; for the sites of some other towns are equally singular, and far more picturesque. Still, the situation of Guildford, standing as it does upon the declivities of two hills, with the river Wey flowing between them, through a narrow ravine caused by a depression of the chalk ridge which nearly crosses the county from east to west, must be admitted to have but few parallels. The principal part of the borough stands on the eastern side of the river, and includes all the public buildings and churches except St. Nicholas' church, which is on the western side of the Wey; and of late years, many respectable dwellings have, also, been erected on that side, and its neighbourhood much extended. The main roads from the metropolis to Portsmouth, Farnham, and Southampton, pass through this town; and those to Woking, Chertsey, &c., branch off from it on the north side. The old Portsmouth road, after passing St. Nicholas' church at the foot of the bridge, was con- tinued along Bury-street, a steep and narrow avenue, at the abrupt turn of which many fatal accidents happened; in consequence of which, the present convenient road was made to escape the danger. A great improvement was, also, made at the beginning of the present century, by forming a new road from the town along the northern declivity of the Hogsback, about two miles and a half in length, by which means the very steep ascent continued on a line with the bridge to the brow of that ridge is altogether avoided. The buildings of the High-street, which include the more respect- able dwelling houses, shops, &c. are chiefly of red brick; the roofs are mostly of slate. There are many Inns, and several Posting houses; the principal of the latter being the White Hart, the Crown, the White Lion, and the Angel. Nearly parallel with the High- street are two others, named North and South streets; but these are much inferior to the former; and the latter is very irregular. Several other narrow streets and passages branch off from the above in different directions. This borough has in an eminent degree been visited with all those changes and improvements which have marked the social progress of the present century. The streets have assumed the regularity and neatness of the metropolis; exchanging the 'visible gloom' of the old country lamps for the effulgence of gas; and the easy and liberal diffusion of water from the river, places the means of health and 67 Vide Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 8; and repeated in Gough's Camden, BRITANNIA, vol. i. p. 249. TRADE AND AMUSEMENTS OF GUILDFORD. 399 comfort at the command of the most indigent housekeeper. Its trading aspect, and perhaps its commercial importance, have also participated in the changes of the past generation. The trade in wool is no longer the 'staple' of the town; and the injunction, that every house of entertainment should present a 'wool-sack,' is not observed at present by more than two or three taverns of secondary pretensions.69 As the centre of an extensive agricultural district, the grain market of Guildford has increased in importance. The market- house is equal in its accommodations, and the amount of business. carried on within its area, to any similar exchange between London and the coast. No inconsiderable branch of the present trade of Guildford consists in the production of bacon, which has suddenly attained a high reputation, both in the London and provincial markets. Several dealers exhibit the carcasses of from one to three hundred hogs per week; many weighing from thirty to fifty stone each. In its social intercourse, and the character of the town amusements, Guildford has also participated in the changed taste and spirit of the times. The interchange of visits, and festal meetings distinguishing particular seasons, have fallen into desuetude. The ball, held at the White Hart at Christmas, which is attended by most of the gentry of the town and neighbourhood, is the only existing re-union of the merry season. The Race Course, on Merrow downs, (two miles eastward of the town,) commands views towards the north and north-east, which, for extent, variety, and beauty, may be compared with the most enchanting spots the entire range of the southern and western districts of Britain can boast. The races were formerly held at Whitsuntide, and were most numerously attended. Since, however, the races of Epsom and Ascot have been changed to periods which press closely on the time appointed for the Guildford meeting, the latter has much declined in importance. It is probable—the grand stand having been pulled down, and no sporting characters residing in the neighbourhood—that the races would be altogether discontinued, but for the existence of the royal donation, originally given by King William the Third, but now, a Queen's plate of 100 guineas.' One day's sport is thus kept up; and sometimes good running is exhibited. On the right of the road leading from Guildford to Merrow, and near the latter place, in a valley on the downs is Level's Grove, formerly a small hunting-seat occupied by Lord Southampton: it is now the kennel of the Earl of Onslow's harriers; the house being occupied by the huntsman. ADDITIONS.—The Friary land on which the barracks stood (see 68 See ORDERS of Queen Elizabeth's time, p. 297. C 400 HISTORY OF SURREY. pp. 306-7) was sold in 1840, by order of government; the purchasers were Messrs. Palmer and Nichols of this town." Guildford Castle, p. 319.-In 1822 Lord Grantley granted a lease of the castle-house and garden in Quarry-street to the Corporation for a term of twenty-one years; allowing, also, the use of the upper garden and castle-keep, though not included in the lease. On that occasion, the castle-house was altered, and new rooms built for the accommodation of the Judges when holding the assizes at Guildford. The expense was defrayed by a subscription amounting to 450l. 5s.; towards which Lord Grantley, and Mr. Serjeant Onslow and Mr. Baring Wall (the two members for the borough), contributed 507. each; the remaining part being given in smaller sums by the principal inhabitants. Within the borough of Guildford and its immediate precincts, there are a number of pleasant Villas and Cottage residences of a superior class; the abodes of gentlemen of respectability and comparative affluence. We shall enumerate the principal of these, placing them in alphabetical order for more easy reference. Braybief House, Major Wight: BURY HILL, Mr. W. O. Emlyn: BURY STREET, T. Haydon, esq.: DAPDUNE HOUSE, R. Shurlock, esq.: DOWN FARM, F. Mangles, esq.: GUILDFORD PARK FARM, Mr. J. Bicknell: MILLMEAD COTTAGE, Dr. Bacon: MILLMEAD HOUSE, W. Haydon, esq. MOUNT PLEASANT, James Stedman, esq.: POYLE HOUSE, Capt. C. Mangles: POYLE COTTAGE, B. K. Finnimore, esq.: SANDFIELD HOUSE, Capt. Pyner: ST. CATHERINE'S, Mrs. Molyneux : St. Catherine's Terrace, RECTORY HOUSE, Rev. W. H. Pearson: STOKE HILL HOUSE, Rev. S. Paynter: STOKE PARK, Colonel Delap: STOKE RECTORY, Rev. R. P. Blake: WEYCLIFFE HOUSE, near St. Catherine's, J. N. Smith, esq.: WOODBRIDGE, R. D. Mangles, esq.: WOODBRIDGE HOUSE, Hon. Colonel E. M. Onslow: WOODBRIDGE ROAD, J. P. Shrubb, esq. 69 It has been stated that a Stone, on which the following lines were engraven, was found among the ruins of the Friary in the year 1813.- Si sapiens fore vis, sex serva quæ tibi mando Quid, dicas, et ubi, de quo, cui, quomodo, quando, Nunc lege, nunc ora, nunc cum fervore labora, Tunc erit hora brevis, et labor ipse levis. These lines have been thus translated- If you are willing to be wise, These six plain maxims don't despise; Both what you speak and how take care, Of, and to whom, and when and where: At proper hours read, work, and pray, Time then will fly, and work be play. MANOR OF ERTINDON. 401 ERTINDON, OR ARTINGTON. The ancient vill and manor of Ertindon, which gives name to the modern tithing of Artington, or Ertindon, is in that part of the parish of St. Nicholas, Guildford, which is within the hundred of Godalming. In this tithing are comprised the old vill of Ertindon, (including the present hamlet and manor so named, with the manor of Brabeuf or Brabief, Piccard's, and other lands,) and Guildford Park, Loseley, and Littleton. The vill, hamlet, and manor of Ertindon, at the time of the Domesday survey, formed a portion of the royal manor of Godal- ming, which appears to have contained three thousand acres; and in the second year of the reign of Henry the Second, when that manor was granted to the church of Sarum, Ertindon was reserved, and remained a part of the demesnes of the crown. That king, however, subsequently gave Ertindon to one Master David, then on an embassy at Rome, and he, David, granted it in fee-farm to Ranulf de Broc, at the rent of fifteen pounds a year. The grantee had two daughters; one of whom, Edeline, married Stephen de Turnham, who held this manor as a part of her inheritance. He died between the seventh and the sixteenth years of the reign of John; in the latter of which, his widow Edeline gave sixty marks and a palfrey to the king, for permission to consult her own inclinations as to marrying again.' Stephen de Turnham left four daughters, his co-heirs, between whom the original manor of Ertindon, which he had held entire, wast divided; and Mabilia, the eldest of the sisters, who was the wife of Thomas de Banelingham, obtained for her share the lands forming the present manor of Ertindon or Artington, of which she and her hus- band had livery and seisin in the third of Henry the Third. In the eighth year of the same reign, they "levied a fine of the hundred and manor of Godalming," to the Bishop of Salisbury, then lord of that manor; but they excepted their tenement in Ertindon. Thomas and Mabil had a son, Ralph, and a daughter, Mabil; and the fine was probably levied, in order that they might be enabled to make a settle- ment on the daughter, who was married to Robert de Mankesey, alias Robert de Gatton, as he held, in her right, this portion of the old manor as tenant-in-chief of the crown, by the service of one-fourth of a knight's fee. He died seised of this estate, valued at forty shillings a year, in the 48th of Henry the Third; and was succeeded by his eldest son Hamo de Gatton, who died the 20th of Edward the ROT. PIP. 16 Johan, Nov. Oblat. Surr. VOL. I. ROT. FIN. 8 Hen. III. 3 F 402 HISTORY OF SURREY. First, leaving a son and heir of the same name. The manor at this period was valued at 39s. 9d. a year, consisting of the rents of free tenants, 15s. 4d.; of customary tenants, 19s. 2d.; and of the services of customary tenants, 5s. 3d. By his wife Margery, this last Hamo de Gatton had a son, who died in infancy, and the estate devolved on his sister Elizabeth; who conveyed it by marriage to the family of Northwode, the last heir-male of which, Roger de Northwode, suc- ceeded his brother Thomas in the 35th of Edward the Third, and died the same year, without issue. Agnes, one of his sisters and co-heiresses, had this manor; and her second husband, John Leigh, (probably the person of that name who was knight of the shire in the second year of Richard the Second) paid a fine in the year ensuing, for his relief of the manor of Ertindon, of the inheritance of his wife. Agnes, which he held in chief of the king, valued at fifty shillings a year. His daughter and sole heiress, Joan, became the wife of William de Weston, of Weston in Albury; whose son, John de Weston, married the daughter of William Carthorpe of Westwood; and dying in 1441, he left three daughters his co-heiresses, among whom this part of the inheritance was equally divided, in the 24th of Henry the Sixth. How the shares were again united has not been traced. 9 This manor was, eventually, granted in fee to the Mores of Loseley; he most probably, to Sir George More, when, in November 1601, received a grant of the lordship and hundred of Godalming from Queen Elizabeth: and it has descended with the other estates of the family to the present James More Molyneux, esq. of Loseley. The Manor of Brabeuf, or Brabief. On the partition of the estates of Stephen de Turnham, who in right of his wife, Edeline de Broc, held the ancient manor of Ertin- don, a fourth part of it was assigned to his second daughter, Alice, the wife of Adam de Bendengs. She survived her husband; and when a widow, by deed dated at Hascomb, March the 5th, 16th of Henry the Third, she released to Geoffrey de Brabeuf,' and his heirs, and assigns, for ever, the lands of her inheritance in the vill of Ertindon, consisting of one capital messuage and dove-house, one croft of land called Boywyk, twenty-eight acres of arable land; the rents of free tenants, amounting to twenty-six shillings a year; the fourth part of two mills in Westenye; with all houses, lands, meadows, pastures, woods, leys, mills, waters, &c.; and all homage, service, 3 ROTUL. COMMUN. 24 Hen. VI. 4 The name of Brabeuf, or Brabuf, occurs in the Roll of Battle Abbey, among those of the Warriors who came to England with William the First. MANOR OF BRABEUF. 403 reliefs, wardships, escheats, &c., with their respective appurtenances, in the said vill, or elsewhere. This estate continued to be held by Geoffrey de Brabeuf and his descendants in the male line, for more than one hundred and thirty years; and from this family is derived its appellation. Andrew de Brabeuf, who died, in the 36th year of the reign of Edward the Third, seised in demesne, as of fee of one-fourth of the original manor of Ertindon, which he held of Henry Stourmy, or Esturmi, by the service of sixpence a year, left an only daughter, Agnes. She was twice married; first, to Robert Danhurst; and after his death, to Robert Loxley, jun. Previously to her second marriage, she made a feoffment of her estate to Robert Loxley, sen. and John Weston; who afterwards made a new conveyance of it to Robert Loxley, jun. and Agnes his wife, and their heirs male; with remainder to Robert Danhurst, the son of Agnes by her first husband, and his heirs male; remainder to Thomas Loxley, brother of the second husband, and his heirs, for ever. As there was no male issue from the second marriage, Robert Danhurst succeeded to the property after the deaths of the feoffers, as heir in remainder. Some time previous to his own death, which took place in 1481, he made a feoffment in favour of Bernard Jenyns of Fanne, in Surrey, who had married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Loxley, brother of Thomas, the last heir in remainder mentioned in the preceding feoffment. Thomas Jenyns, the son of Bernard and Elizabeth, next held the estate till his death, in 1508. In the eighth of Henry the Seventh, Thomas Jenyns was cited to appear before the barons of the Exchequer, to shew cause why he should not account for the issues of the manor, from the death of Robert Danhurst, as being held of the king; when he produced satisfactory evidence that it was not so holden. Sir John Jeny ns, knight, grandson of the preceding, to whom the inheritance had descended, was living in the last year of the reign of Henry the Eighth; and his son and heir, John, dying without issue, in 1557, the estate devolved on his cousin and heir, Joan, the wife of Robert Kemp; whose daughter and heir, Agnes, conveyed it by marriage to John Wight of Wimbledon; in whose descendants it still continues, the present possessor being Mrs. Sarah Wight, relict of John Wight, who died in 1817. The manor-house of BRABIEF is a pleasant residence, occupying an elevated spot in a dip or recess of the hill opposite to St. Catherine's Chapel; the slopes and summit of which are well wooded, chiefly with firs and elms. The surrounding scenery possesses much interest from its picturesque and varied character. 3 F 2 404 HISTORY OF SURREY. 5 ST. CATHERINE'S CHAPEL.-On the summit of a boldly-rising hill within the manor of Brabeuf, and nearly a mile from Guildford, on the eastern side of the Portsmouth road, are the ruins of a Chapel dedicated to St. Catherine, or, as the name is spelt in old records, St. Katharine. It is uncertain by whom, or at what period, this chapel was originally founded; but Mr. Manning, with some proba- bility, conjectures that King Henry the Second erected a place of worship on this spot for the convenience of the tenants of his manor of Ertindon, after he had detached it from that of Godalming; which last he transferred to the bishop of Sarum, in the second year of his reign. It does not, however, appear to be mentioned in any existing records until the reign of Henry the Third, when the stipend of the curate, or chaplain, was paid out of the revenues of the crown. For in the Pipe Rolls of the fourteenth year of that king, (anno 1230,) an allowance or deduction from his account for the year pre- ceding was claimed by the Sheriff of the county, John de Gatesden, of the sum of fifty shillings, paid by him to the chaplain officiating in the chapel of St. Katharine at Guildford. In the twenty-ninth year of the reign of Edward the First, or perhaps earlier, Richard de Wauncey, parson of St. Nicholas' parish, Guildford, purchased the freehold of the site of this chapel of Hamo de Gatton, Andrew de Brabeuf, John le Mareschal, and the Abbess of Wherwell, (between whom the original royal manor of Ertindon was then divided,) with the intention, probably, of annexing it to his benefice as a chapel of ease. It appears to have been dilapidated; for Wauncey rebuilt it, and obtained from the bishop of Winchester a licence for the con- secration of the new chapel, dated May 19, 1317, (10th Edw. II.) and directed to Walter Stapleton, bishop of Exeter, then probably a resident at his manor of East Horsley, near Guildford. However, on the death of the rector of St. Nicholas in 1324, it appeared on an inquisition taken for the purpose, that he had not paid to the king the fine rendered requisite, by the statutes of Mortmain, for legalizing his purchase. His grant, therefore, was declared void; and by a charter dated at Westminster, November 15, 1324, the premises were re- granted to Thomas le Conestable, chaplain to the king, and parson of St. Mary's, Guildford, for life. Notwithstanding this grant, Bernard Brocas, who succeeded Wauncey as rector of St. Nicholas, maintained 5 Certainly not later, for H. de Gatton, one of the parties to the sale, died that year. Vide ESCHEAT. 29 Edw. I. N. 58. G In this grant the premises are described as "a certain place called Drake Hull, without Guldeford, with the appertinencies, in which there is a certain Chapel erected to the honour of St. Katharine." Cart. 18 Edw. II. recit. in Petit. ad Parl. Tho. le Conestable, 1 Edw. III. Vide ROT. PARL. vol. ii. p. 378. ST. CATHERINE'S CHAPEL. 405 possession of the chapel. Legal proceedings ensued; Conestable accusing Brocas of bribery; and the king's officers, Sir Robert Baldock, his chancellor, and Bishop Stapleton, his treasurer, of cor- ruption and partiality: the suit terminated in favour of Brocas, who on paying the necessary fine had a grant of the site and chapel, to hold to him and his successors, parsons of the church of St. Nicholas, in perpetuity. This grant was obtained in December, 1328; and on the 20th of February, 1329, the Bishop of Winchester issued his mandate to the Archdeacon of Surrey, to cause notice of his intention. to consecrate this chapel to be published in the several parish churches of Guildford on every Sunday and holiday, until the first court-day after the ensuing feast of the Annunciation, when the parishioners, or others whom it might concern, were required to attend and shew cause, if any, why the consecration should not take place. The archdeacon was further required to make inquisition, by a Jury of clergy and laity, upon oath, on whose soil, by whose permission, in what parish, at what time, and by whom the said chapel was refounded. Though the act of consecration does not appear in the registers, it is probable that the ceremony was performed in due course, and the chapel of St. Katharine was subsequently regarded as an appendage to the church of St. Nicholas. In a record of the forty-fifth year of the reign of Edward the Third, Walter Herman is mentioned as chaplain of Ertindon,' and was, therefore, probably the minister of this chapel ;—but it is uncertain how long after that time it continued to be used for the purposes of public worship, or when it was first suffered to fall into ruin and decay. After Wauncey had bought the site of this chapel, as above stated, in 1308, he procured a royal charter for the establishment of an annual Fair" at his Chapel of St. Katharine the Virgin, on the hill called Drake hill, near Guildford "—to continue "five days; namely, on the eve and day of St. Matthew the Apostle, and for three days after it, unless that fair should be prejudicial to neighbouring fairs." John Brym, or Bryme, who was rector of St. Nicholas, Guildford, from 1493 to 1504, obtained from King Henry the Seventh letters patent, dated at Westminster, November the 4th, in the twelfth year of his reign, exemplifying an enrolment of the charter of his ancestor, Edward the Second. This fair, which used to commence on St. Matthew's eve, (September 20, O.S.) is still continued, but is now held on the 2nd of October. Manning states, that "every inhabitant 7 Vide ESCHEAT. 45 Edw. III. N. 4. 8 See Copy of the Grant of Confirmation of the right of holding the Fair, by Hen. VII. in Russell's GUILDFORD, p. 260. 406 HISTORY OF SURREY. of the manor [of Ertindon, sc.] is then permitted to sell ale, on paying a small acknowledgment to the Lord. The issues and profits of this fair, arising from tolls paid for the erection of booths, stalls, &c. are said to have belonged, by a covenant in the grant of the land to Wauncey, to the said Wauncey and his successors, Rectors of St. Nicholas, for ever; paying to the Lord an acknowledgment of 12d. a year: and it has been alleged that the said tolls were actually received by him and his said successors to the year 1653, when John Manship was Rector.' >>9 St. Catherine's Chapel is situated on the top of a remarkable knoll, (composed of red sand, interspersed with occasional layers, or con- cretions, of ironstone,) which rises abruptly from the banks of the river Wey, and forms one of the most noticeable objects in this county. Both the roof and interior of the chapel are entirely de- stroyed; and scarcely any part remains except the outward walls; yet these sufficiently denote the original architectural character and elegance of this little edifice. Its length within, is forty-five feet and a half; and its breadth, twenty feet and a half. The walls are about three feet in thickness; and at the north-west angle, has been a circular newell staircase, leading to the roof, of which nothing but the casing is now left. The chief entrance is at the west end, under a sharp-pointed arch; and there is, also, an entrance on each side, under a trefoil- headed arch. At each angle, except that enclosing the staircase, is a graduated buttress; and there are two other similar buttresses on each side. The windows, which were deeply-chamfered interiorly, are of irregular heights and widths; the principal one being at the east end; another is over the western doorway; and three others are in the intervals between the buttresses in each side wall. These are all sur- mounted by pointed arches; within which are vestiges of cinquefoil- headed tracery. The original arches, quoins, and dressings, are of chalk, but some necessary reparations have been made with freestone, &c. These repairs are stated to have been made in the year 1793, at the expense of the late Robert Austen, esq. of Shalford; in order to prevent the utter ruin of this venerable specimen of the "olden times." Some beautiful prospects of the town and neighbourhood of Guild- ford are obtained from this commanding spot, as well as of the surrounding country to a vast extent. The view over the meadows to the east and south-east is partly bounded by an amphitheatre of well-wooded hills. Near the bottom of this eminence towards the river, and into which it flows, there is a fine spring. There are, also, 9 HISTORY OF SURREY, vol. i. p. 89. 1 MANOR OF PICARD. 407 two or three fine gnarled oaks on the declivity, which extend their widely-branching arms in a very picturesque manner. PICARD, or PICCARD'S MANOR. Eleanor, the third daughter of Stephen de Turnham and his wife Edeline, had for her portion a fourth part of the ancient manor of Ertindon, her mother's inheritance. She married Roger de Ley- bourn; the wardship of whose estate had been held by her father. In the third year of Henry the Third, (1219-20,) she had livery of her lands. Her husband survived her, and took a second wife, Eleanor de Vaux, widow of Robert de Quinci, earl of Winchester. He died in the last year of the reign of Henry the Third; and was succeeded by his son William, the issue of his first marriage, who was engaged on military service in the wars of Edward the First; and had sum- mons to parliament, as a peer of the realm, from the 27th of that king's reign to the 3rd of Edward the Third, when his death took place. His son Thomas died before him, leaving a daughter, Julian, who was twice married, but died without issue.¹º It is uncertain whether William de Leybourn ever had possession of his mother's share of the Ertindon property; and, indeed, it seems more probable that his father disposed of the estate in favour of a daughter by his second wife; for before the end of the reign of Henry the Third, William de Branche of Peperharrow, and Joan his wife, held lands in Ertindon, for which they obtained a charter of free-warren from that king, which she pleaded in answer to a writ of Quo Warranto issued against her in the 7th of Edward the First, at which time she was a widow." On that inquiry it was stated, that Sir Nicholas Branche was the heir of Joan; but his right was contested; and in the 26th of Edward the First, Henry de Gildford, Lord Mareschal, on a writ of Novel Disseisin, recovered these lands; which Sir Nicholas, consequently, released to him. Henry de Gildford died in the sixth of Edward the Second, "seised in his demesne as of fee," of three acres of arable land, and 48s. 10d. of assised rent, in Ertindon, held of the king in chief, by the service of one-fourth of one-twentieth of a knight's fee, and valued at two shillings a year. His next heir was John, son of Gilbert le Mareschal of Gildford; who in the tenth year of Edward the Second paid 12s. 6d. for the relief of this estate, being one-fourth of half a knight's fee, which had been formerly held of the crown by Stephen de Turnham." 10 Dugdale, BARONAGE, vol. ii. p. 14. 11 PLACIT. Cor. Justic. Itin. ap. Gildford: 7 Edw. I. Rot. 27. 12 ESCHEAT. 6 Edw. II. n. 43. Rot. Pip. Oblat. 13 Edw. II. Sussex. 408 HISTORY OF SURREY. Not long after the time just mentioned, this estate seems to have been in the possession of the family of Picard; from whom it ob- tained the name by which it has since been distinguished. In 1351, John, the son of John Picard, obtained a licence to enfeoff Bernard Brocas, clerk, (who died in 1368, and was interred in St. Nicholas church, Guildford,) with lands, rents, &c. in Ertindon, near Guild- ford, to be holden by him and his heirs, for ever, of the king as tenants in capite, by the service of one-fourth of half a knight's fee." The family of Brocas held the property till the time of Henry the Seventh; in the 21st year of whose reign, William Brocas, the last heir-male of the elder branch of his family, lord of the manor of Peperharrow, died seised of this estate, leaving two daughters, his co-heiresses; one of whom dying without issue, the other daughter, Edith, the wife of Ralph Pexall, esq. ultimately became the sole inheritrix of her father. Her son, Sir Richard Pexall, knt. held this estate or manor in 1550; and by his first wife, Eleanor, daughter of William, marquis of Winchester, he left at his death, in 1571, four daughters his co-heiresses, among whom this estate was divided: Ann, one of the four sisters, married Bernard Brocas of Horton Hall, Bucks, descended from a younger branch of the family to which this manor had formerly belonged. He died in 1589, seised of this estate, of his wife's inheritance, stated to be one-fourth of one-third of Picard's manor, near Guildford and Artington; but his son, Pexall Brocas, subsequently knighted, had, before his father's death, in 1585, sold the reversion of the property to Henry Smith, gent. of Peperharrow." Margaret another daughter and co-heiress of Sir Richard Pexall, was twice married; and at her decease in 1581, her share, one-fourth of one- third of Picard's manor, descended to John Becket, her son by her first husband, then a minor. Mr. Manning could meet with no information as to the shares of the other two sisters, Barbara and Elizabeth Pexall; but he states that one or more of these shares became the property of Sir William More of Loseley, who died in 1600, seised of this land, which he held of the queen, as of her manor of Ertindon, by fealty only, in lieu of all services, the estate being then valued at five marks per annnm;¹ and it now belongs to James More Molyneux, esq. The farm-house called PICCARDS, which was formerly the manor-house, is situated on the north side of the road leading from St. Catherine's hill to Loseley, and is tenanted by Thomas Drewitt, esq.; whose name has already been recorded, as one of the most experienced and judicious agriculturists in this county. 13 ESCHEAT. 24 Edw. III. n. 34. 1 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. pp. 90, 91. 15 Id. vol. i. p. 91. UNIV OF WICH MANORS OF ERTINDON AND LOSELEY. 409 ESTATE of the NUNNERY of Wherwell, at Ertindon. One-fourth of the original manor of Ertindon, held by Stephen de Turnham, in right of his wife, Edeline de Broc, was assigned to Beatrice, their fourth daughter and co-heiress. She was married to Ralph de Fay; who, in the third year of Henry the Third, had livery of the lands of her inheritance in Ertindon. He died about the sixth of the same reign, and his widow became the wife of Hugo de Playz; previously to which second marriage, she gave her lands here to the Abbess and Nuns of Wherwell in Hampshire; who continued in possession of the estate until the dissolution of their monastery, in the thirty-first of Henry the Eighth; when it appears that the rents of Ertindon belonging to the Wherwell establishment amounted to 17. 1s. 2d. a year; besides which, there was a meadow at Guildford, called Millmede, 1s. 4d.; and land in St. Nicholas parish, near the town, 7 d. a year." Mr. Manning has given a statement of the rent of these lands, held by five tenants, as accounted for by the king's bailiff, in the year following the dissolution, the sums total being 21s. 4d." Sir John Wolley, knt. of Pirford, had a grant, in 1594, of these lands, or a part of them, from the Queen, for twenty-one years, at 9s. 4d. a year; and his son, Sir Francis Wolley, dying in 1610, bequeathed his interest in the lease to his cousin, Sir Arthur Man- waring, who sold it to Robert Terry of Guildford; and he, having obtained a reversionary grant of the land for forty years after the expiration of the former term, disposed of it to Richard Watts.18 LOSELEY. Loseley, the seat and manor of James More Molyneux, esq., but at present tenanted by John Sparkes, esq., his brother-in-law, is situated about two miles to the south-west of Guildford, between Compton on the north-east, and the lordship of Godalming on the south and east. This manor is within the tithing of Artington, and was held in chief by Roger de Montgomery, earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, at the time of the Domesday survey; in which record it is thus noticed: "In Godalming Hundred.-Turold holds of the Earl Losele. Os- mund held it of King Edward. Then it was rated at 3 hides; now, 16 Dugdale, MONASTICON, new edit.; vol. ii. p. 643. 17 SURREY, vol. i. p. 91; from a Charter in the Augmentation Office. is Id. vol. i. pp. 91, 92.-In 1401, 3rd of Henry the Fourth, Sir Thomas Poyle, knt. (according to the Inquisitions Post-Mortem, Calendar, vol. iii. p. 280,) died seised of a mill, and half an acre of land in Ertindon: but it does not appear to whom this property had previously belonged, or whether it had formed any portion of the original manor divided between the co-heirs of Stephen de Turnham and his consort Edeline de Broc. 3 G VOL. I. 410 HISTORY OF SURREY.- WOKING HUNDRED. at 2 hides. The arable land is 2 carucates: in demesne is one caru- cate; and 7 villains, [or villagers,] with 1 cottar and three carucates. There are 2 bondmen with 5 acres of meadow. In the time of King Edward it was valued at 40 shillings; afterward at 20 shillings: now, at 60 shillings. Roger de Montgomery was one of the Norman barons who engaged in the expedition to England under Duke William; and he com- manded the central division of the Norman army at the battle of Hastings. In reward of his services he obtained his lands and titles, including, among the former, three manors in the county of Surrey, besides that of Loseley. After the death of William the First he joined the party in favour of his eldest son, Robert Curthose; but at length quitted it, and became the firm adherent of William Rufus. He founded several religious houses; one of which was the Priory of Shrewsbury, where he spent the latter part of his life, and died July the 27th, 1094. Sibilla, the daughter of Earl Roger, who became heiress to his estates, married Robert Fitz-Hamon, who, being Lord of the Honor of Gloucester, united to it the manor of Loseley, which was after- wards held as an appurtenance to that Honor. In the reign of Henry the Third, Hugh de Deol, or Dol, held this manor of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, as of the Honor of Gloucester, by the military service of half a knight's fee; but in the succeeding reigns of Edward the First, Second, and Third, it was held of the same Honor by the service of a whole knight's fee, and valued at twenty pounds per annum. On the decease of Robert de Dol, grandson of Hugh, in the year 1356, (30th of Edward the Third,) this manor devolved on his two daughters, co-heiresses, Joan and Margaret; the former of whom had married John de Bures, and the latter, John de Norton. From their descendants the respective moieties of the Bures and Nortons were, in process of time, conveyed to the families of Westbrook and Cross; and in 1515, (7th of Henry the Eighth,) John Westbrook, esq. of Godalming, disposed of his moiety to Christopher More, esq., whose family had been previously settled in Derbyshire. Cross's share had been sold in June, 1395, to William Sidney, esq. of Stoke D' Abernon; and of William, his great- grandson, it was eventually purchased, in 1532, by the above Christo- pher, who thus became possessed of the entire manor. In the year 1545, he likewise bought the manor of Westbury in Compton parish; and about the same time, also, the advowson of that rectory. On becoming possessed of the whole of the Loseley estate, Mr. More obtained a grant of free-warren, with a license to make a park MANOR OF LOSELEY. 411 here, as appears from a writ of privy-seal of Henry the Eighth, pre- served among the muniments at Loseley. It is dated Chelseheth, 24th December, in the 24th of his reign, A.D. 1533, and gives license to Christopher More, characterized as one of the clerks of the Exchequer, to impark, and surround with hedges, ditches, and pales, two hundred acres of land at his manor of Loseley, free-warren in the same, &c. Red deer were kept in this park." This Christopher More was Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, both in the 24th and 31st years of Henry the Eighth; on the first of which occasions he received the honour of knighthood. In the 37th of Henry's reign he held the office of King's Remembrancer of the Exchequer, which he retained until his decease in August, 1549. William More, the eldest surviving son and successor of Christopher, (by his first wife, Margaret, daughter and heir of Walter Mudge, esq.) was born on January the 30th, 1519-20. He sat in parliament, as member for the borough of Guildford, several times in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth; and in that of the latter he was chosen knight. of the shire for Surrey: he also twice held the office of Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex; and he was appointed Vice-admiral of the latter county,—the duty of which office was to enforce the rights of the admiralty on the shores of the district entrusted to his jurisdiction. On the 14th of May, 1576, the honour of knighthood was conferred on him by Dudley, earl of Leicester, in the Earl of Lincoln's garden, at Pirford, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth; who, on giving him her hand to kiss, told him, that he "well deserved the honour which she had then conferred upon him." He may be considered as the founder of Loseley House; for in 1562 he began to build the central compartment of the mansion, somewhat to the north, probably, of an earlier edifice, some vestiges of which have been placed in the great hall of the present building. He also added to the family estates, the manor of Polsted in Compton, and Catteshill in Godal- ming; the former of which he purchased in 1557, and the latter in 1565. He died, much respected, on the 20th of July, 1600, in the eighty-first year of his age; and was buried in the family vault at St. Nicholas church, Guildford. This gentleman was highly esteemed by Queen Elizabeth, who visited him at Loseley in the years 1577, 1583, and 1591; and probably, also, on one or two other occasions. He was a firm supporter of the Protestant religion; and, in 1570, the safe 20 19 Kempe's LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS; Introd.; p. xii.: 1835. 20 On the wainscot is a monogram, composed of the letters H.K.P. for Henry, and Katherine Parr; H.R. the fleur-de-lis, the rose, and the portcullis, with the motto-Dieu et mon Droit, all evidently executed in the reign of Henry the Eighth.-Id. P. xiv. 3 G 2 412 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. keeping of Henry Wriothesley, second earl of Southampton, who had been subjected to restraint as a suspected papist, was intrusted to him; and the earl, in consequence, became his prisoner-guest at Loseley for nearly three years." George, the only son and heir of Sir William More, (by Margaret, his first wife, the daughter and co-heir of Ralph Daniel, esq. of Swaffham in Norfolk, was born on the 28th of November, 1553. According to Anthony Wood, he was educated at Exeter College, Oxford; but Mr. Kempe has published a letter to his father from the President of Corpus Christi college, in the same University, from which it appears that the writer, Dr. Wm. Cole, had the direction of his studies." In the year 1597 (40th of Queen Elizabeth) he was nomi- nated Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex; and about the same time, he received the honour of knighthood. Like his father, he acquired the special favour of the Queen; who, on the 3rd of November, 1601, augmented his estate by a grant of the lordship and hundred of 21 Among the Manuscripts at Loseley several Letters are extant, respecting the arrangements for the Queen's visits, and the caution that was taken to prevent her Majesty being exposed to any infectious disease during her progresses. In a letter, dated from the Court at Oatlands, in August, 1583, Sir Christopher Hatton informs Sir W. More, that "Her Matie hath an intention about ten or twelve days hence to visite yo' House by Guylford, and to remayne there some foure or fyve dayes, wch I thought good to advertize you of, that in the meane whyle you might see every thinge well ordered, and your House kept sweete and cleane, to receave her Hygnes whensoever she shalbe pleased to see it." In a second letter, dated the 24th of August, Sir Christopher says-" Her Magie fyndynge the could seazon of the yeare to growe on faster than she thought of, is now pleased to abridge the jorney w'ch first her Highnes intended,--and is at this present resolved, uppo' tewsdaye next, w'ch shalbe the xxvijth of this moneth, to dyne at Okynge, and that night to go to bed to yo' House, w'ch I have thought good to geaf you notice of, to th❜ende you may take order to see it made sweete and meete to receave her Matie, and that in the meane tyme you may avoyde [send away] yo' famely, and prepare every thinge ready agaynste the daye prefixed as to yor owne discretio' shall seeme most neede- full for her Maties good contentatio' at her repayre thether: And so I comitt you to God," &c. Sir Christopher was, at that time, the Queen's Chamberlain. How highly Sir William stood in the Queen's favour may be inferred from a Letter sent to him by his daughter Elizabeth, (wife of Sir John Wolley, Latin Secretary to the Council,) who was one of the ladies of her Majesty's privy-chamber. This letter was, apparently, written in the autumn of 1595, but is not dated. It is of a miscellaneous description, and includes the following passage in reference to Sir William.--" Synce my commyng to the Corte I have had manie gratious wordes of her Matie and manye tymes she bad me welcom wth all her hart, evere since I have waited. Yesterdaye she wore the gowne you gave her, and toke thereby occasion to speake of yo", saying er long I should find a mother-in-lawe, wch was herself, but she was affrayd of the tow wydows that ar ther with you, that they would be angrye wth her for yt; and that she would gyve ten thowsand poundes you were twenty yeeres younger, for that she hath but few suche servauntes as you ar."-Kempe's LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, pp. 268, 269, 319. 22 In 1604, Sir George testified his regard for his Alma Mater, by a present of divers manuscripts to the public library at Oxford, together with forty pounds for the purchase of printed books. In the following year, Sir George was created Master of Arts. MANOR OF LOSELEY. 413 Godalming. In the beginning of the next reign, he was appointed Treasurer to Henry, prince of Wales. On the 11th and 12th of August, 1603, both King James and his queen were "royally entertained" at Loseley by this gentleman; and on August the 21st, 1606, he was again honoured by a visit from the king. In 1610, his Majesty promoted him to the chancellorship of the Order of the Garter; and in 1615, from a full "confidence in his honesty," and, as James himself ex- presses it, "without the knowledge of any," he appointed him Lieu- tenant of the Tower, after the removal of Sir Gervase Elwes, or Elwayes, from that important command, in consequence of his being implicated in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury. 23 At the beginning of August, 1617, Sir George entertained the Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles the First, at Loseley. He sat in parliament, as member for Guildford, in the 28th, 31st, and 35th years of Elizabeth's reign; and also in the 1st, 12th, and 21st of those of King James. He was, likewise, a representative for the county of Surrey, in the several parliaments of the 39th and 43rd of Elizabeth, 18th of James the First, and 1st of Charles the First. His death occurred when in the seventy-ninth year of his age, on the 16th of October, 1632." By his wife Ann, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Adrian Poynings, he had four sons and five daughters; of whom Ann, (born in May, 1584,) was privately married, in 1600, to John Donne, afterwards celebrated as a poet and divine, on whom King James con- ferred the deanery of St. Paul's, but who, at that time, was Secretary to the Lord-chancellor Egerton. 25 Robert, the eldest son of Sir George More, who was born in 1581, was a representative for the borough of Guildford in the 43rd year of Elizabeth's reign; and again, in the 18th of James the First, by whom he had been knighted. He also sat in parliament as a knight of this 23 Kempe's LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, p. 400. In that publication there is, also, a narra- tive of Overbury's murder, &c.; together with four original letters from King James to Sir G. More, from which it appears, that his Majesty was deeply indebted to Sir George for his management of Somerset previously to his trial for the murder of Overbury. In one of the letters the king says—“it is easie to be seene that he [the Earl] wolde threattin me with laying an aspersion upon me of being, in some sorte, accessorie to his cryme." Mr. Kempe, in another part of his work, states that-" from the drafts of sundry disregarded memorials extant at Loseley, Sir George appears to have been ill requited for his services to James, who neglected him in his declining years. He is noticed, in Nichols's Progresses of that King, as attending his Funeral, in his office as Chancellor of the Garter, in a very infirm state."—Id. p. xviii. 24 Sir George More was the author of " A Demonstration of God in his Works, against all such that deny either in word or life, that there is a God." Lond. 1598: 1624: 4to. Some of his "Parliamentary Speeches" were also published. 25 The lady's father was so highly incensed by this match, that he procured the dis- missal of Donne from the Lord-chancellor's service, and caused him to be committed to 414 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING ‘HUNDRED. shire in the 1st, 12th, and 21st years of the same king. He died at Loseley on the 2nd of February, 1625-6; leaving by his wife, Francis, (daughter of Sampson Lennard, esq.,) six sons and five daughters. Poynings More, who was the eldest of these, was born on the 13th of February, 1605-6; and succeeded to the family estates on the death of Sir George, his grandfather, in 1632. He represented the borough of Haslemere in parliament in the 21st year of James the First; and again, in the 1st and 16th years of Charles the First: he was also a representative for the borough of Guildford in the 3rd year of Charles the First; and he was created a baronet by that king on the 18th of May, 1642. He died on the 11th of April, 1649; leaving issue two sons by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir William Fytche, knt. She was afterwards married to Christopher Rous, esq. Sir William, the eldest surviving son of Sir Poynings More, who was but six years old when he succeeded to the title and inheritance, was appointed Sheriff of Surrey in the year 1669, 21st of Charles the Second; and in the 31st and 33rd years of the same king, he sat in parliament for the borough of Haslemere. He married Mary, daughter and heir of Sir Walter Hendley, bart. of Cuckfield; but dying with- out issue, on the 24th of July, 1684, (his younger brother having previously died,) the baronetcy granted to his father became extinct; and the family estates devolved on the Rev. Nicholas More, a younger brother of Sir Poynings, who was then rector of Fetcham in this county. He enjoyed the inheritance but five months; and after his death, on December the 22nd, 1684, was succeeded by Robert, his only son, whom, together with two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, he had by his wife Susanna, the daughter of Richard Saunders, esq. On the decease of Robert, who died unmarried, in May, 1689, his sisters became his co-heirs. Elizabeth died, a spinster, in February, 1691-2; when the whole of the inheritance became vested in Margaret, her surviving sister. This lady married Sir Thomas Molyneux, knt. of the ancient family of that name, of Sefton in Lancashire; from which the present Earl of Sefton and Viscount Molyneux, of Mary- borough in Ireland, is descended." the Fleet prison; nor was it until after the lapse of several years, that he was prevailed on fully to pardon the offending pair. Although he soon regained his own liberty, the sorrowful bridegroom was put to a long and expensive process in the Ecclesiastical court, before he could recover possession of his wife, who was forcibly withheld from him; but at length, a decree confirming the marriage was obtained on the 27th of April, 1602. Mrs. Donne died on the 15th of August, 1615, seven days after the birth of her twelfth child.—Vide LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, pp. 321-344; and Walton's LIFE of Dr. Donne. 26 William de Moulines, the common ancestor of the Molyneux family, came into England in the train of William the Norman; and his name stands the eighteenth in the order of succession in the Roll of Battle Abbey. MANOR OF LOSELEY. 415 Sir More Molyneux, knt., the eldest and only surviving son of Lady and Sir Thomas Molyneux, (the former of whom died the 14th of September, 1704, aged forty-four; and the latter, in his fifty-seventh year, on December the 13th, 1719,) succeeded to the Loseley property; and on the 1st of March, 1721-2, he married Cassandra, daughter of Thomas, and sister and co-heir of Francis Cornwallis, esq. of Aber- marles in Caermarthenshire; by whom he had three sons and eight daughters. That lady died on the 7th of January, 1754; but her husband survived until the 19th of February, 1760; when, on his decease, his second son, Sir Thomas More Molyneux, (who obtained the rank of colonel in the army,) succeeded to the inheritance." On the death of his elder brother James, in the previous year, he was chosen a member for Haslemere; and he was, also, elected a repre- sentative for the same borough in the three succeeding parliaments of 1761, 1768, and 1774. He died, unmarried, on the 3rd of October, 1776, in the fifty-third year of his age; "whereupon," continues the manuscript, from which most of the above particulars have been derived, "the male issue of this family became extinct." After his decease, the Loseley estates successively descended to his sisters, Cassandra and Jane, both of whom died without having been married; the former, on the 29th of June, 1777; and the latter, on September the 10th, 1802. James More Molyneux, esq., "who is now the representative of that branch of the family which became, by inter- marriage with the female inheritrix of More, the possessors of Lose- ley,' "28 derives the property in virtue of his descent from the above Thomas More Molyneux, who died in the year 1776. This gentle- man was married to Caroline Isabella, the daughter of Lowndes, esq., on the 24th of July, 1832. Ann Cornwallis, the youngest daughter of Sir More Molyneux, who became the wife of General, Sir Charles Rainsford, died without issue, in January, 1798. 27 James, the eldest brother of this gentleman, who had been elected a parliamentary burgess for Haslemere in the twenty-seventh year of George the Second's reign, married Margaret, daughter and heir of Robert Sherard, esq. of Carcolston, in the county of Nottingham; but died without issue, on the 24th of June, 1759; in the thirty-sixth year of his age. 28 Kempe's LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, p. 23.-This curious work consists, principally, of copies from the Manuscripts and other rare documents which are preserved in the Muniment Room at Loseley: the "key of which," Mr. Kempe says, "had been lost, and its existence disregarded during an interval of two hundred years." These manuscripts had been kept in "ponderous oaken coffers:" but the late Mr. Bray, when proceeding with his History of Surrey, had access to them, and, by Mr. Molyneux's permission, selected a number of the papers, and had them bound in nine folio volumes. Among the fac-similes given from these Manuscripts by Mr. Kempe, is one of the Lady Jane Grey as 'Quene.' 416 -WOKING HUNDRED. HISTORY OF SURREY. PEDIGREE OF THE MORES OF LOSELEY. This Pedigree has been deduced from that given in Manning and Bray's HISTORY OF SURREY, which is stated to have been taken from the Visitation Book of 1623, Harl. MSS. No. 1046; fol. 108; Stemma, penes T. M. Molyneux, Arm. Monumental Inscriptions in the Church of St. Nicholas, Guildford; and the Register of that parish. [The Notes to which the reference figures allude are inserted in page 418.] JOHN MORE.' Thomas More, of Norton, Co. Derby Isabel. John More Isabel. Robert More. Robert More, Mary. of London. Ann. = Sir Christopher More,—1st. Margaret, dau. and heir of Loseley, knt. Ob. Aug. 16, 1549. Alice. 1st. Fisher of London. Margaret. Stubbs. Joan. John Hull, of of Walter Mudge.2 2nd. Constance, dau. or Rich. Sackvill, and wid. of William Heneage.3 Ob. 1545. Clarke. 2nd. Sir John More, K.B. Ann. John Lucas, of Halden, Co. Kent. Hamildon. 1 Richard. Christopher. John. Christopher. Sir William = 1st. Margaret, dau. Elizabeth. Cecily. Margaret. Thos. Fynes, Ob. Ob. Ob. Ob. More, of sine sine sine sine Loseley, and co-heir of Ralph Daniel.¹ brother of Lord Dacre. prole. prole. prole. prole. knt. Ob. 2nd. Mabel, dau. of July 20, 1600. Marchion Dingley. Elizabeth. John Wintershull. Ann. John Scarlett. Bridget. Compton, of Guernsey. Eleanor.= William Heneage, of Milton. Sir George More, of Loseley, knt. Elizabeth. Ann. PEDIGREE OF THE MORES OF LOSELEY. 417 1 Margaret. Thos. Grimes. 1st. Ann, dau. and co-heir of Sir Adrian Poynings, wid. of Knight, esq." 2nd. Constance, dau. and co-heir of John Michell, esq. Elizabeth. 1st. Rich. Polsted, of Albury. Ann. Sir George Manwaring, 2nd. Sir John Wolley, of Pirford. of Ightfield, Ob. sine prole. 3rd. Sir Thos. Egerton, Cr. Baron Ellesmere, Ld. Co. Salop. Elizabeth. Sir John Mille, bart. Frances. Sir John Oglander. Chancellor. } Frances, dau. of William. George. Sampson Len- Nat. Nat. John. Nat. Mary. Sir Nicholas Throck- nard, by Mar- May 24, Dec. 12, May 17, morton Carew, Jan. 17, 1597-8. garet, Baroness 1585. 1587. 1589. Dacre." Sir George More, of Loseley, knt. Chancellor of the Order of the Garter. VOL. I. Ob. Oct. 16, 1632. Sir Robert More, knt. Ob. Feb. 2, 1625-6. Ann. John Donne, D.D. Ob. Aug. 15, 1617. I 1 1 1 • Margaret. Ob. 1693. Elizabeth. Ann. James Gresham. Frances. Fienes More. Ob. Inf. Henry More. Ob. Inf. Ob. 1695. Sir William More, bart.: Ob. July 24, 1684 : sine prole. Sir Poynings More, bart. — Ob. April 11, 1649. Elizabeth, dau. of Sir Wm. Fytche.? George. Ob. sine prole. Mary, dau. and heir of Sir Walter Hind- ley, bart. of Robert More. Ob. 1689: sine prole. Co. Sussex." William More. Nat. July 1, 1611. Ob. sine prole. Robert More. Ob. May, 1689: sine prole. Nicholas More, Clk. Ob. Dec. 22, 1684. Susan, dau. of Rich. Saunders." Ob. Aug. 1687. Major Robert More.: dau. of Pound Co. Hants. Elizabeth. Ob. 1691-2: sine prole. MARGARET. = SIR THOMAS MOLYNEUX, knt.10 Ob. Sept. 14, 1704. ZEt. 44. Ob. Dec. 13, 1719. Et. 57. Frances. Ob. 1680 Bur. with Thomas More. Ob. Inf. Dec. 10, 1624. John Latton, of Esher. her 1st child, at Kingston Bagpuze. 3 н 418 -WOKING HUNDRED. HISTORY OF SURREY. Margaret. Samuel Robertson. Elizabeth. Ob. Col. 1716. Sir William More Molyneux. = Cassandra, dau. of Ob. Feb. 19, 1760. MARGARET. = SIR THOMAS MOLYNEUX, knt. Thos. Cornwallis, and co-heir of her br. Francis C." Nathaniel M. Molyneux. Ob. Juv. Ann. William Lee. Ob. Susan. Richard Wyatt. Ob. sine 1774: prole. sine prole. Thos. M. Molyneux. George M. Molyneux. Cassandra. Emma.= Wm. Green. Ob. Oct. 3, 1776. Ob. Inf. Feb. 1740-1. Ob. Cœl. June 29, 1777. Ob. Jan. 26, 1767. Nov. 1730. Susan Caroline. Ob. Cœl. Aug. 25, 1778. Lettice. Ob. Cœl. Margaret. Ob. Inf. Jan. 16, 1755. Feb. 1736-7. James More Molyneux. Ob. June 24, 1759: sine prole. His next brother became his heir. Margaret, dau. and heir of Robert Sher- ard.12 Elizabeth. Ob. Inf. Jane, 13 Ob. Cœl. Sept. 10, 1802. Ann Cornwallis. Ob. Jan. 1798. Lieut. Gen. Chas. Rainsford. Feb. 16, 1789. ¹ Arms:-Az. on a Cross Arg. five martlets, Sab. Crest,-On a Ducal coronet, an Antelope, Sab. More. 1 2 Arms:-. Arg. a Chevron between three Cockatrices, Sab. Mudge. 3 Arms:-Quarterly, Or and Gu. a Bend Vert. Sackvill. Arms :-Arg. five Lozenges in pale, Sab. Daniel. 5 Arms:-Barry of Six Or and Vert, a Bend Gu. Poynings. 6 Arms:-Or, on a Fess Gu. three Fleurs-de-Lis of the field. Lennard. 7 Arms :-Sab. a Chevron between three Leopards' Heads, Or. Fytche, or Fitche. $ Arms :-Fusélly, Az. and Gu. an Orle of eight martlets Or, three, two, two, and one. Hindley, or Hendley. 9 Arms:-Sab. a Chevron Erm. between three Bulls' Heads, cabossed, Arg. Saunders, or Sanders. 10 Arms:-Az. a Cross Moline Or, pierced Lozenge-wise. Crest,-A Cap of Maintenance with a Peacock's Tail. Molyneux. 11 Arms:-Sab. gutteé d' Or, on a Fess Arg. three Cornish Choughs, ppr. Cornwallis. 12 Arms:-Arg. a Chevron Gu. between three Torteuxes. Sherard. 13 This lady was the last inheritrix of the Loseley property in the direct line. James More Molyneux, the present possessor, married Caroline Isabella, the daughter of William Lowndes, esq. of Brightwell in Oxfordshire. Arms :-Quarterly, Molyneux and More, impaling Arg. Fretty Az on a Canton Gu. a Lion's Head, erased, Or: Lowndes. LOSELEY PARK AND MANOR-HOUSE. 419 LOSELEY PARK, which is an extensive and finely-wooded demesne, situated at between two and three miles south-west from Guildford, is approached from the Portsmouth road by a pleasant drive, partly bounded by a quick-set hedge, and occasionally overshadowed by elms and other trees. The immediate scenery, although not greatly diversified, is enriched by many venerable oaks and noble elms, both standing singly, and in clumps or groups. There is, also, a small sheet of water; and on the skirts of the park towards the west, where the ground rises considerably, is a plantation of firs. Loseley, no doubt, "had, from an early period, its manse or capital dwelling-house fortified by a moat, according to the custom of the feudal ages,” but although some vestiges of the latter defence still remain, the dwelling itself has been long destroyed. The present mansion is an interesting example of the Elizabethan age, and was erected between the years 1562 and 1568, by Sir William More, as the central part of a structure intended to form three sides of a quadrangle, if not a complete square. But the design was never executed to its full extent, although a western wing, (including a gallery, one hundred and twenty-one feet in length, and eighteen feet wide, and also a chapel,) was annexed by Sir George More, the son of the founder. That wing, however, was wholly taken down some years ago, and the building reduced to its original state. This edifice is of stone, of a grey and sombrous character. In its architectural divisions there is a general uniformity, though by no means a strict one. All the windows are square headed, but they differ much in size; those belonging to the principal apartments being of large dimensions, and separated by mullions and transoms into several lights. In the bay, or oriel window, of the great hall, (which is forty-two feet in length, and twenty-five feet in width,) among other emblazon- ments, are the arms of the Mores, painted on glass, with the date 1568." There was formerly an extensive collection of military weapons in this apartment, but this has long been removed; and it now contains an assemblage of pictures of much interest. Among them are whole- length portraits of James the First, and Anne of Denmark, his queen ; which were originally placed at Loseley, on the occasion of their visit 29 "The principal entrance," says Mr. Manning, "which is in the centre of the front, opens into the Hall, but was originally more eastward, viz. at the end of the passage between the Screens which divide the Hall from the Kitchen and Butteries." The entrance here, he continues, "was by a Porch or Vestibule, (now a Butler's pantry) and over it were placed three Figures in stone. On the left hand was that of Fortune, treading on a Globe, and holding a Wheel, on which was inscribed Fortuna Omnia. On the right hand, Fate, holding a Celestial Globe with these words, Non Fors, sed Fatum. In the middle, and more exalted than the others, a Figure with one foot on a Wheel, and the L 3H 2 420 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. 30 to Sir George More, in the year 1603. There is, also, a very large painting of Sir William More Molyneux, with Cassandra his wife, and all their children, at full length, by Somers. Among the other portraits of the More and Molyneux families, which are preserved in this mansion, are those of Sir William More and his lady; Sir George More; Sir Robert More; Sir Poynings More; Sir Thomas Molyneux, who married Margaret, one of the co-heiresses of the Mores; and Elizabeth, the elder sister of that lady. There is, likewise, a small three-quarter length of Edward the Sixth; together with original portraits of Anne Boleyn, the ill-fated queen of Henry the Eighth, and Sir Thomas More, his equally unfortunate chancellor. Many of the apartments at Loseley are of an interesting character; but that which most deserves attention, is the with-drawing room,-a splendid example of the decorative style of the early part of Queen other on a Globe, holding a Book open, and pointing to these words, Non Fors nec Fatum, sed ......; and over the entrance to the Vestibule was inscribed this distich :- Invide, tangendi tibi limina nulla facultas, At tibi, Amice, patent janua, mensa, domus. "Within the porch, over the Hall door, was inscribed, Invidia claudor, patco sed semper amico; over the Kitchen door, Fami, non Gule: over the Buttery door, Siti, non This Ebrietati; and over the Parlour door, Probis, non Pravis."-SURREY, vol. i. p. 98. information appears to have been derived from Russell's GUILDFORD, pp. 265-6; in which work it is, also, stated, that there were "two gilt needlework low chairs, in the gallery, with cushions worked by Queen Elizabeth." 30 Anno 1603. "On the 11th and 12th [of August] Sir George More entertained their Majesties at Loseley Park; but all the notice I can find of this visit is mentioned in the following lines, written by Mr. William Fowler, who was Secretary and Master of Requests to Anne of Denmark, and attendant on the Court during the Progress."- Nichols' PROGRESSES, &c. of King James the First, vol. i. "Uppon a HоROLOGE of the Clock at Sir George More's, at his Place of Loseley, 1603. p. 251. Court hath me now traunsform'd into a Clock, And in my braynes her restles wheeles doth place, Wch makes my thoughts the tacks ther to knock, And by ay-turning courses them to chase, Yea, in the circuite of that restles space Tyme takes the stage to see them turne alwaies, Whilst careles fates doth just desires disgrace, And brings me shades of nights for shynes of daies, My hart her bell, on which disdaine assaies Ingratefully to hamber on ye same, And, beating on the edge of truth, bewraies Distempered happe to be her proper name. But here I stay-I feare supernall powers: Unpoized hambers strikes untymelie howers." MANOR OF LITTLETON. 421 Elizabeth's reign. It exhibits an enriched cornice, on which is the Rebus of the More family,-a Mulberry tree, intersecting the motto "Morus tarde Moriens-Morum cito Moriturum. The wainscotting is panelled, and the ceiling ornamented with pendant drops and moulded gothic tracery, within the involved forms of which, among other insignia, the figure of a cockatrice is frequently repeated." The chimney-piece, which is of an elaborate design, and in excellent preservation, may be described as consisting of an upper and a lower division; the latter being of the Corinthian order, composed of two columns and a bracket on each side, sustaining a very florid entabla- ture. Below each bracket is a caryatide figure; and the whole is based on high pedestals, adorned with festoons and other sculptures. The upper division, or mantel, is bounded at the sides by brackets and caryatides of a grotesque character and in different attitudes, sup- porting a fascia and cornice, variously enriched. In the intermediate panelling are displayed the heraldic bearings of the Mores, &c. in six compartments. Emblazoned shields of arms, also, enrich the glazing of the mullioned windows of this room. LITTLETON. This place is a small hamlet in the tithing of Ertindon. It was anciently a distinct manor; for it is stated in the Domesday Book that Wlwi, or Ulphi, the king's huntsman, held Littleton of the king, (William); and that he had also held it of Edward the Confessor. It was then reckoned at two hides; but was not taxed. At the time of the survey it was assessed at 'one virgate.' The arable land was 'one carucate.' There were in demesne 'one villain, and one cottar, with one carucate.' There were two acres of meadow. It was rated, both before and after the survey, at twenty shillings. Mr. Manning styles Ulphi "Master of the Hounds to the King;" but it is not likely that he was the chief officer on the king's hunting establishment; for another huntsman is mentioned in the Domesday 31 Mr. Kempe considers this motto as implying, "that the Family stock, like the Mulberry tree, should be of long endurance, but that its individual descendants, like the fruit, should by the common lot of mortality, be subject to speedy decay.—The piety of our ancestors seldom neglected to proclaim this great, though too-easily forgotten truth, even on the walls of their banquetting chambers and the cups for their wassail; thus enforcing the necessity of hourly preparation."-LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, p. xv. 32 The Cockatrice was a bearing of the Mudge family, and was, doubtless, displayed by Sir William More in affectionate remembrance of Margaret, his mother, who was the daughter and heir of Walter Mudge, esq. 93 A beautiful lithographic view of this apartment has been published by Joseph Nash, in his curious work intituled "Mansions of England in the Olden time." Imp. folio, 1839. 422 HISTORY OF SURREY.- -WOKING HUNDRED. Book, who held land in Surrey probably, they were both sub- ordinates to the Master of the Hounds, as their tenancies were incon- siderable; and that office must have been more important formerly than at present; and it is even now vested in a person of high rank. In the thirteenth year of Edward the First, Littleton belonged to Nicholas le Gras, who had a grant of free-warren for this manor. His eldest son and successor, Roger, died without issue in 1304, and left the estate to his brother Nicholas. It then consisted of a capital messuage and garden, valued at 4s. a year; six acres of meadow, at 12d. an acre; six acres of woodland, the pannage of which was worth 2s. a year; one hundred acres of arable land, at 4d. an acre; and the assised rents of three freehold tenants, 8s. a year: in all, 27. 13s. 4d. This estate was held of John de Cobham, as lord of the fee, by the service of finding a lodging, with victuals and drink for the lord him- self and five horses, two nights and two days, twice in the year. 34 In the seventeenth year of Edward the Second, (1324,) Nicholas le Gras, supposed to have been the son of the preceding, was charged in the Exchequer with the sum of 57. 16s. 3 d. due to the Crown from his father, while he held this manor, the annual value of which is stated at 37. 11s. 6d. ; but whence this demand arose does not appear. It is uncertain how long the family of Le Gras remained in pos- session of this estate, or to whom it subsequently belonged, until about forty years before the conclusion of the last century; when Sir More Molyneux, of Loseley, purchased of Toft, the principal farm, called Orange Court, and all the other tenements, except two, which were the property of the Rev. George Turner, through his marriage with the heiress of Richard Clifton, of Guildford."5 ASH, FORMERLY ESSE, OR ASSHE. This parish is situated on the western border of the county. It is bounded on the north by Frimley; on the cast, by Worplesdon; on the south and south-west, by Seale; and on the west, by Aldershot in Hampshire. The hamlet of Wyke, which is surrounded by the lands of this parish, is considered as a part of the parish of Worplesdon. The soil of the parish of Ash is sandy; and there is much waste land, covered with heath. There are in this parish three manors; namely, Ash, Henley, and Cleygate; to which may be added, Fermans or Formans, formerly a separate manor, but now joined with Cleygate. All these, at the time 34 ESCHEATS, 32 Edw. I. n. 47. Manning and Bray, SURREY, vol. i. p. 100. MANOR OF HENLEY. 423 of the Domesday survey, were probably included in the manor of Henlei, which then belonged to the Abbot of Chertsey. It is re- corded, that ‘Azor held this manor till his death in the reign of King William, when he gave it to the church, for the health of his soul; and the monks alleged that the estate was confirmed to them by the king's writ.' 'In the time of King Edward it was rated at eight hides; but when surveyed, at five hides and a half. The Arable land was five carucates. One carucate was in demesne; and there were ten Villains, and six Bordars, with five carucates. There was a Church; and two Bondmen, and four acres of meadow. The wood yielded fifty Swine for pannage. In the days of King Edward the manor was valued at £6: at the time of the Survey, at 100s.'¹ It appears from the earliest records of the abbey of Chertsey, that the monks claimed possession of lands at Henlea from the foundation of the monastery: for in the charter of Frithwald and Erkenwald, the alleged founders, it is stated, that the former gave the monks five manses at Henlea, among the townships [villulæ] beyond the river Wey. In the Leiger Book, or register, of the abbey of Chertsey, among the Exchequer records, are grants of lands at Ash to the abbot of Chertsey, from persons of the family of Halvelord of Asshe, and from Adam le Staumpe of Ockham; but it does not appear whether these lands had belonged to the orginal manor of Henlei, or were then first annexed to the abbot's estate. There was a family designated from this place, (Henley,) and hold- ing property here and at Worplesdon in the early part of the four- teenth century. A deed, without a date, is quoted by Mr. Manning, by which John de Henley granted to Richard Purs of Worplesdon, for his service, a messuage, &c.; which Matilda, daughter of Julian de Henley, sometime held of him, in Henley. The names of William de Henle, Peter his brother, and Robert de Henle, occur as witnesses to a deed in the thirty-fourth year of Edward the First, 1306; and in 1311, William Henley instituted legal proceedings against certain persons for forcible entrance on his land at Tebaude Furlongs, in Worplesdon, and the destruction of his corn, &c. These statements were derived from documents in the custody of private individuals. This William de Henley was, probably, the individual of that name who was made Sheriff of Surrey in the second year of Edward the Second, in the place of Walter de Gedding, in pursuance of the king's writ of privy-seal, addressed to the deputy-treasurer and barons 1 Vide DOMESDAY SURVEY; and Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 68. Dugdale, MONASTICON, Vol. i. p. 430. 424 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. of the Exchequer, dated April 12th, 1309. Henley held the office of Sheriff of the county till the sixth year of the same reign inclusive ; and in the eighth year of Edward the Second, he appears to have sat in two parliaments then held, as one of the Knights of the shire. He, or another person of the same name, was also member for the county of Surrey in the parliament held at Northampton, in the twelfth year of Edward the Third. Before this last period, however, William de Henley had disposed of his interest in the estate he had here; and which, apparently, his ancestors had long held under the abbots of Chertsey. From the Escheats of the first year of Edward the Third we learn, that William de Henley had held the manor of Henley, valued at 30%. a year, exclusive of a quit-rent, with other lands in Framlesworth, of the abbot of Chertsey, 'by the service of 22s. 8d. a year, and twelve gallons of honey at Michaelmas; and by suit of court at the abbot's manor of Ash, from three weeks to three weeks, the inhabitants of the vill or township of Henley attending the abbot's leet at Ash, annually, on St. Matthew's day.' William de Henley sold the property to the king, Edward the Second, who, by writ dated September the 20th, 1325, ordered Master John Hildesle, clerk, to take seisin of the manor in his name, and appoint a bailiff, to receive the rents and account for them at the treasury. In the Patent Rolls of the same year (18th Edward the Second) is an acknowledgment from the king, that besides money due to William de Henley for this estate, he was to have the wardship of an heir-male, a tenant of the crown, valued at one hundred marks; of which circumstance he might take advantage by marrying the youth to his daughter, or by exacting a premium for liberty to marry elsewhere;-and in case the king did not transfer such a wardship to the vendor before the ensuing Christmas, he was to receive one hundred marks in money; and that sum was ultimately paid at Westminster, by the king's treasurer, William, archbishop of York, on the Thursday before the feast of St. Nicholas, 1326. In the same year in which the king purchased the manor of Henley he granted the custody of it, with all lands belong- ing to it in 'Esh, Worplesdon, and Henle,' to Walter Stapleton, bishop of Exeter; but this grant was, within a few months, recalled; and the custody was given to Walter Lad. An account is extant of the proceeds of this manor from Michael- mas, in the 18th year of Edward the Second, to the same festival in the next year, in which Lad acknowledges the receipt of a heifer as a 3 See Madox, HIST. OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. ii. p. 69: from Pasch. Brev. 2 Edw. II. Rot. 65, a. MANOR OF HENLEY. 425 heriot, and of a gown [tunica] for another heriot, the latter of which sold for 1s. 1d.: the milk of fifteen cows and forty-five goats, let to farm, the former at 4s. 6d., the latter at 4d. The whole receipts amounted to 34l. Os. 4d. Among the payments are, 6d. for two bushels of salt for the servants' potage; 4d. for the tithes of four calves; 5d. for mowing, gathering, and binding corn, by the acre, except barley, which was 6d.; for the wages of a plough-boy in harvest, 2s. 4d.; mowing, making, and carrying hay, 8d. an acre; threshing and winnowing 196 quarters and a half of various sorts of corn, 12s. 3½d.; two ploughmen, two carters, one ploughboy, and one mower, had one half-penny a week each allowed for potage, according to the custom of the manor, 13s.; the wages of these six persons, with one goat-herd, one swine-herd, and one cow-herd, amounted to 21. 7s.; and the bailiff who superintended, and kept the account, had 2d. a day. The clear profit was 177. 11s. 10d.* In 1327, a petition from the Abbot of Chertsey was presented to the king, complaining of the non-payment of the reserved rent due to the abbot, as superior lord of the manor of Henley since it had been sold by William de Henley. An inquisition took place at Harpesford in Egham; when it was proved that William de Henley and his an- cestors, lords of the manor, had, from time immemorial, paid the rent in question to the abbot, who had never released his right to the king. But though the claim was established, the abbot was obliged repeatedly to present petitions against the grantees of the crown before he could obtain justice.* William de Clinton, afterwards Earl of Huntingdon, had a grant of this manor, at first for life, and subsequently in fee. But it appears, as if this grant had been only in trust for Sir John Molyns, knt.; for Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. p. 70: from Pipe Rolls, 3 Edw. III. 5 ESCHEATS, 1st Edw. III. n. 11. The Abbot again petitioned in the 4th, 9th, and 17th of the same reign. 5 See ROLLS Of Parliament, vol. ii. p. 91. In the early part of the reign of Edward the Third, 1328, Henley Park was the scene of the capture of Robert de Holand, a dependant of Thomas, earl of Lancaster, who was executed at Pontefract, in 1322. When the Earl appeared in arms to oppose the King and his favourites, the Despensers, he sent Holand to levy troops for his service in Lancashire. This treacherous officer having collected a body of five hundred men, instead of leading them to the assistance of his master, joined the royalists, made terms for himself, and thus contributed to the ruin of Lancaster. Holand having consequently rendered himself highly obnoxious to the friends of the Earl, and to the people in general, he probably endeavoured to conceal himself after the destruction of his new patrons the Despensers; for Dugdale says, that he was taken in a wood near Henley Park, and beheaded, on the nones of October, 1328; and that his head was sent to Henry, earl of Lancaster, the brother of the deceased nobleman, then at Waltham Cross in Essex.-Dugdale, BARONAGE, vol. i. p. 781. VOL. I. 3 I 426 HISTORY OF SURREY.—WOKING HUNDRED. two days after he had received the grant, namely, on August the 24th, 1338, the Earl executed a conveyance of the estate to Molyns; and on the 23rd of September following he appeared in the court of Chancery, and acknowledged and confirmed the conveyance. John de Molyns was summoned to parliament, as Baron Molines of Stoke Pogeis, in the county of Buckingham. In the same year in which he acquired this estate, he procured a license from the king to impark his woods of West Grove and Goddard's Grove, belonging to the manor of Henley, together with three hundred acres of land adjoining those woods. In the year following, he had a grant of a court-leet, with a confirmation of the license for inclosing the park, notwith- standing it was within the limits of the royal forest of Windsor. In 1340 he obtained a grant of 'Return of Writs within the manor, with Infangthef, Outfangthef, goods and chattels of felons and fugitives, waifs, estrays, gallows, trial of malefactors taken within his domain; together with exemption from toll, murage, and pontage throughout the kingdom; and also free-warren in all his manors that were not within the Forest." Lord Molines shortly afterwards experienced the severe displeasure of the king; who being at war with France, laid siege to the town of Tournay, and not receiving money which he expected from England to pay his troops, he found himself obliged to make a truce with the French; after which he returned suddenly to England, determined to punish those officers of the treasury, and other functionaries, to whose criminal negligence he imputed the failure of his undertaking; and among them was the nobleman just mentioned, who held the office of treasurer of the chamber to the king. Stow thus mentions this affair: "King Edward," after concluding the truce, "went to Ghent in Flanders, and stayed there, looking for money out of England, which came not. Then the King, with eight of his men, fayning that he would ride abroade for his pleasure, secretly came into Zeland, where taking shippe, after he had sayled three dayes and three nights, on S. Andrewes day at night, about the Cocke crowing, he entered the Tower of London by water, being waited on by the Earle of Northampton, Nicholas Cantilope, Regi- nalde Cobham, Giles de Bello Campo, John de Bello Campo, knights; William Killesby and Philip Weston, priests. Earely in the morning he sent for his Chancellour, Treasorour, and Justices, then being at London; and the Bishop of Chichester being his Chancellour, and the Bishop of Coventry his Treasurour, he put out of office, minding also to have sent them into Flaunders, to have been pledges for money 7 ROT. PAT., 11, 12, and 13 Edw. III. MANOR OF HENLEY. 427 he owed there; but the Bishop of Chichester declared unto him what danger might insue to him by the Canons of the Church; whereupon the King dismissed them out of the Tower; but as concerning the high Justices, to wit, John Lord Stonor, Robert Lord Willowby, William Lord Scharshell, and especially Nicholas de la Beche, who before that time was Lieuetenant of the Tower of London, and Sir John Molens, knight, with certaine marchant men, &c.—with many other moe, the king commaunded to be imprisoned, some in one place, some in another, neither would he suffer them to be discharged thence till he were throughly pacified of his anger conceived for not sending the money which should have served at the siege of Tourney. Lord Molines was not only deprived of his liberty, but of his property also; for the king seized all his estates, including the manor of Henley, which, from a survey taken in 1344, appears to have yielded a clear revenue of 147. 8s. 4d. a year. In 1347 this estate was restored to Lord Molines; and in 1350, Henry de Stoghton, who is supposed to have had a grant of the manor while it was under con- fiscation, released all his right therein to that nobleman and his heirs. However, he did not long retain it; for by indenture, dated June the 26th, 1352, he conveyed to the king the manor of Henley, in con- sideration of the sum of 550l. and a yearly rent of 4l. 17s. 1d., issuing out of lands in Buckinghamshire; and in 1360, William, the son and heir of John, Lord Molines, released to the king and his heirs all his claims to the estate. Yet it seems, that the family still preserved some interest in the property; for in the twentieth year of Henry the Sixth, Robert Hungerford, (who had married the heiress of William, the last Lord Molines,) in conjunction with his wife, had a license to enter on the estate. In the meantime, the king had purchased lands in this manor of twenty different persons; probably, these were all who held of the manor; and hence, no manorial courts are now subsisting. The lands thus purchased were added to the park; and to indemnify the rector of Ash for the decrease of his tithes, &c., the king, by letters patent, dated January the 18th, 1357, granted to Robert de Parnicote, the then incumbent, that in lieu of all tenths, mortuaries, oblations, &c. accruing from lands and tenements in the parish contiguous to the king's park at Henley, and then recently inclosed in it, he would procure a prebend worth twenty marks a year, to be annexed in perpetuity to the church of Ash; the rector engaging to provide a chaplain to perform divine service daily within the manor of Henley, that is, in the mansion or manor-house. The king further covenanted 8 Stow's CHRONICLE; edit. 1600; p. 371. 9 ROT. CLAUS. 25 and 33 Edw. III. 312 428 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. that is, in the mansion or manor-house. The king further covenanted to pay to the parson of Ash, and his successors, one hundred shillings a year, at the Exchequer, till the annexation of the prebend should take place; and also gave him ten pounds as a compensation for the loss he had sustained during two years since the inclosure of the lands. This grant was confirmed by Richard the Second, Henry the Sixth; and Edward the Fourth; and the annual payment of one hundred shillings was continued, but the addition of a prebend to the living did not take place. After the manor of Henley became a royal demesne, the office of park-keeper was at different times granted to various persons; probably, for life: thus Sir John Stanley had a grant of it from Henry the Fourth; Sir Thomas Seintleger, from Edward the Fourth, whose sister, the Duchess Dowager of Exeter, he had married; and Sir Reginald Bray held it under Henry the Seventh. Queen Mary granted the park to Anthony Brown, Viscount Montacute, whose youngest son, Henry, afterwards knighted, obtained a grant of the estate in reversion from Queen Elizabeth, in 1590. James the First granted it, subject to the life-interest of Brown, to Sir Alexander Hay; and then gave the further reversion to his favourite, Philip Herbert, earl of Montgomery, who purchased the interests of Brown and Hay, and in 1621, assigned his right to Robert Ratcliff, earl of Sussex ; who, two years after, made a similar transfer of the property to Robert Tyrwhit, esq. This gentleman, March the 15th, 1623-24, in con- sideration of the payment of 2007., by Arthur Squib and Stephen Squib, gentlemen, as an advance of two years' rent, appointed them to exercise the office of keepers of Henley park for twelve years, if the Earl of Montgomery and Sir Henry Brown should so long live, at the yearly rent of 1007. In 1632, Mr. Tyrwhit made an agrec- ment with Arthur Squib that, in consideration of 2500l., he would procure a grant under the great seal, vesting Henley park in himself, Arthur Squib, and their heirs, in perpetuity; and that he would convey to the said Arthur Squib all his title and interest under such grant. A grant was accordingly obtained, July the 18th, 1633, whereby the king, for 850l. paid by Tyrwhit, gave to him, Arthur Squib and their heirs for ever, the entire manor of Henley, with the park, and all messuages and lands, &c. as held by William de Henley and his predecessors, and by other grantees, or as possessed by the king or his predecessors, with free-warren in the park and premises ; reserving all knights' fees, &c., and mines of gold or silver;-the manorial estate to be held by one-fourth of a knight's fee, and 107. a year; the grantce having the liberty to dispark or assart the land. MANOR OF HENLEY. 429 At a forest court held at Windsor, September the 25th, 1639, Mr. Squib claimed to be seised of this estate in fee, asserting his right to dispark, cut down the timber, and appropriate the land as he thought proper, according to the terms of the letters patent; and his claims were allowed. In 1624, Mr. Squib was appointed one of the tellers of the Ex- chequer; and in 1646, he obtained the office of Clarencieux king-at- arms. He sold Henley park to his son-in-law, Sir John Glynne; who was chief-justice of the King's Bench during the government of Cromwell, who made him one of his parliamentary lords. That gentleman was knighted by Charles the Second, November the 16th, 1660; and his death took place in 1666. His grand-daughter, Dorothy, conveyed the estate by marriage to Sir Richard Child, who, in 1731, was created Earl of Tylney; and in 1739, he sold it to Solomon Dayrolles, esq. It was again consigned, by purchase, in 1784, to Henry Halsey, esq., who married the sister of Richard Glover, the author of "Leonidas," an epic poem, and other literary productions; and it is still vested in his descendants. Between one and two miles south-eastward from Ash, is HENLEY PARK, the seat of Henry Wm. Richard Westgarth Halsey, esq. The house, which is approached by a double avenue of elms, nearly half a mile in length, consists of a centre, and two wings, which project a short distance from the middle part of the building. The front entrance is by a handsome doorway, on each side of which are three large sash-windows. In the second story is a range of seven windows. The attic is partly concealed by a parapet, which in the centre rises by curved lines into a gable-end, surmounted by a low pediment, under which is a square window. Similar gables surmount the wings; and the western wing is fronted by a colonnade. Though of some age, this house has a modern character, from some late repairs, and the front has the appearance of stone. The gardens and pleasure grounds are beautifully laid out; and as Henley Park is situated on an eminence, it forms an oasis in the desert,' looking more beautiful from its contrast with the wild and blackened heath around it. CLEYGATE, in Ash. The earliest notice of the manor of Cleygate occurs in the reign of Henry the Sixth, who granted it to his uterine brother, Jasper, earl of Pembroke. He was attainted among the adherents of the house of Lancaster, on the accession of Edward the Fourth to the throne, and his estates were forfeited. Richard the Third, in the beginning of his reign, gave the custody of this manor to William Mistelbroke, for life, reserving an annual rent of 67. 13s. 4d., and 3s. 4d. as an in- 430 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. life, reserving an annual rent of 67. 13s. 4d., and 3s. 4d. as an in- crease." Henry the Seventh, soon after his accession, bestowed Cleygate on his faithful follower, Sir Reginald Bray, who, in 1488, had a grant of it for life, together with the custody of the royal parks of Guildford and Henley. Edward the Sixth, in the second year of his reign, gave the manor for life to Gregory Reavill, a yeoman of the guard. Queen Elizabeth, in 1560, granted the manor of Cleygate, with court-leet, &c., and the reversion of certain lands adjoining, in which Reavill had a life-interest, to Edward, Lord Clinton and Saye, (after- wards Earl of Lincoln,) great-admiral of England. This must have been a grant in fee; for in the sixth of Elizabeth, Lord Clinton conveyed the estate to Christopher Draper, alderman of London, afterwards knighted; who, about three years after, transferred it to William Harding of Wanborough, who married Catherine, the daughter of Sir John White, alderman of London. William Harding, his son and heir, dying in 1611, the estate descended to his sister Mary, married to Sir Robert Gorges, jointly with whom, in 1621, she conveyed it to Sir Thomas White; who settled it on Robert Wood- roffe, esq., his cousin and heir; in whose family it is still vested. The Manor of FERMANS, or FORMANS, in Ash. In the reign of Elizabeth, this manor belonged to Jane Vyne, who, in 1598, in conjunction with her son Ralph, conveyed it to Robert White of Aldershot. And in 1610, Sir Walter Tichborne, and Dame Mary his wife, made a conveyance of it to Sir Thomas White; from whom it was transferred, with Cleygate, to the family of Woodroffe ; and it is now a farm appertaining to their estate. The superior manor of Ash continued to belong to the monastery of Chertsey till the 38th of Henry the Eighth, when, with the other conventual estates, it was surrendered to the king. This manor was afterwards given to the College of St. Mary, at Winchester; to which establishment it still belongs. ASH is a long scattered village, situated in a dreary part of the country; which presents an almost unvaried scene of black-peat moor, mingled with a few patches of sand, upon which grows stunted furze. The Basingstoke canal runs through this moor, or rather over it, for it is embanked throughout the whole of this district; and beyond Ash bridge, there is an aqueduct nearly thirty feet high. For the most part, the houses are mean and distant from each other. The turf and peat which are cut here, are sold only to the parishioners, at 2s. 3d. per load. "Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. p. 69: from Privy Seals, 1 Rich. III., in Bodleian Library, Oxford. LIVING, AND CHURCH OF ASH. 431 The Living of Ash is a rectory in the deanery of Stoke, and in the patronage of the Warden and Fellows of St. Mary's college, Win- chester: it is valued in the taxation of Pope Nicholas at 127.; and in the King's Books at 157. 18s. 11½d. The parish register com- mences with the year 1548; second of Edward the Sixth. Rectors in and since the year 1800.- THOMAS RICKMAN, by exchange. Instituted in 1781: died in August, 1811. HARRY LEE, M.A., Fellow of Winchester College. Instituted January the 5th, 1813. Gilbert Wall Heathcote, B.C.L. Instituted July the 27th, N.W. 1838. NORMAN DOORWAY AT ASH CHURCH. Ash Church, which is dedi- cated to St. Peter, existed in the Norman times, but has un- dergone so much alteration, that few vestiges of its original character remain. It consists of a nave and chancel, with a large low tower, embattled, at the west end; and crowned by a small spire covered with lead. On the north side, beneath a wooden porch, is an ancient doorway of very simple cha- racter, as represented in the BM annexed wood-cut. Within the tower, which opens to the nave by a circular arch springing from massive piers, are five bells. The arch is obscured by a modern gallery; in which is a neat organ, purchased by sub- scription in the year 1832. The pews and pulpit are of oak; the latter being carved in the style of James the First's reign. The font is a plain square stone, standing on wooden pillars. In the nave, which opens to the chancel by a pointed arch, is a neat marble tablet in memory of William Hammersley, esq., of Ash Lodge, who died in 1834, aged fifty-eight. Among the other memorials are inscriptions in verse, commemorative of the Rev. Edward Dawe, D.D., rector of Ash, who died in 1718; and Anne Newnham, ob. May the 18th, 1798, aged seventy-eight. Adjoining is an inscribed tablet for the husband of the latter, William Moore Newnham, esq., "who resided in this village forty-four years, exhibiting uniformly a character of benevolence 432 HISTORY OF SURREY.—WOKING HUNDRED. and integrity," and died in October, 1796, aged sixty-six. In the chancel is a tablet, handsomely ornamented, for the Rev. J. Harris, D.D. who succeeded Dr. Dawe, and continued rector of Ash forty-one years. He died on the 13th of December, 1759, in the eightieth year of his age. Ann, his first wife, was sister to Dr. Young, the poet, who is said to have written a part of his Night Thoughts' in the rectory at Ash. Here, also, is a small tablet in memory of Mrs. Judith Harris, the sister of Dr. Harris; who died on the 17th of February, 1765, aged eighty-seven years. Near the church is the Rectory-house, which is a large and respectable modernized-building, inhabited by the Rev. Anthony L. Lambert, the curate and resident minister of Ash. Ash Lodge, a small modern hunting-seat, was the residence of the late William Hammersly, esq.; but is now the property of Mrs. Bree, and uninhabited. This lady is the owner of much land in this parish. NORMANDY TITHING, which belongs to the domain of Henley park, consists, principally, of a single Farm, with an extensive right of common. This farm was rendered somewhat memorable, from having been tenanted by the late celebrated William Cobbett, esq. M.P.; and many of his Political Registers,' and other papers of interest, were produced there. 6 FRIMLEY, in Ash. This place, although locally situated in the hundred of Godley, is in the parish of Ash, of which it forms a distinct chapelry. At the time of the Domesday survey, it was included in the manor of Henlei, and belonged to the Abbot of Chertsey. Becoming the property of the crown, at the period of the dissolution, Queen Mary held a manorial court here in the first year of her reign. It subsequently belonged to Robert White, esq. of Aldershot in Hampshire, who died seised of this manor, leaving two daughters, his co-heirs, namely, Helen, the wife of Richard Tichborne, esq., and Mary, the wife of Walter Tichborne, esq.; between whom Mr. White's estates being divided, in the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, the manor of Frimley was allotted to Walter Tichborne and his wife, who held their first court October the 1st, 1602. The estate continued in the pos- session of the Tichbornes till after 1727; when it belonged to James Tichborne, esq., who had held it ever since the last year of the reign of William the Third. It was at length sold for the sum of 20,0007. to James Laurell, esq., who had purchased other lands at this place; and dying July the 6th, 1799, was succeeded by his only son, of the This gentleman, on the inclosure of the commons and waters of Frimley in the year 1801, purchased several lots of ground same name. FRIMLEY, AND FRIMLEY CHAPEL. 433 which were sold to defray the expenses of procuring the act of parlia- ment; and these, together with the portions of the waste assigned to him, as lord of the manor, amounted to about six thousand acres. He afterwards sold to John Tekell, esq., the mansion-house of Frimley, together with a part of his allotments from the waste, &c.: and on a portion of the lands which he retained, made extensive plantations of firs and other trees. At what time the Chapel at Frimley was originally built is unknown; and the only authentic document referring to its foundation is the return made to a Commission which was issued in the 2nd of Edward the Sixth, (1549,) to make inquiry respecting Chanteries, &c. in this county. It is therein stated, that as to Frymley Chapel, "it was builded in the parish of Ashe long time past, for the ease of the people, being four miles from their parish church; within which parish are 273 housling people, and no more priests but the parson;- and sithen the building of the said Chapel, there was founded in it one Chountery, called John Stephens's Chauntery, for maintaining one Priest to say masse in the same for ever."-The return additionally states, that Thomas Snellinge, the then incumbent, had no other living nor pension than 106s. 8d. yearly, out of the late monastery of Newark, in this county. Thomas Bilson, bishop of Winchester, on the 30th of January, 1606-7, with the assent of the rector of Ash, licensed the chapel and chapel-yard of Frimley as burial places; and the chapel was subse- quently licensed for the administration of the rites and sacraments of the church in general; "the inhabitants undertaking to repair on every Midsummer-day to hear Divine service at Ash, in acknowledgment of that being the Mother church." The register commences with the year 1590. Frimley Chapel was rebuilt and enlarged in the year 1825; the expense being partly defrayed by a grant from the Society for pro- moting the enlargement and building of Churches ;-in consequence of which, four hundred and fifty sittings here are declared free and unappropriated for ever. It is constructed of the stone found in this neighbourhood; but has few pretensions to any particular merit of an architectural character; being simply a plain edifice in the pointed style. The interior is neatly fitted up without pews; and the back of each seat forms a kind of reading-desk to that behind it. There is a small organ-gallery at the west end; and other galleries on the north and south sides, supported by slender iron columns. The hamlet of Frimley is irregularly built, and chiefly consists of detached houses on each side of the road. The principal mansion is VOL. I. 3 K 434 HISTORY OF SURREY.—WOKING HUndred. that of Mr. Tekell, in Frimley park, who holds a great part of the estates here. At the bottom of the village is a small bridge crossing the Blackwater stream." PIRBRIGHT. Pirbright was formerly a Chapelry in the parish and manor of Woking, and called Pirifrith, possibly from Piri, the name of some ancient proprietor; from whom, also, Pirford, and Pirihill in Worples- don, are supposed to have received their designations. It now forms a distinct parish, in respect to ecclesiastical jurisdiction; and the village chiefly consists of some cottages and scattered farm-houses, situated between the parishes of Bisley on the north, Worplesdon on the south, Woking on the east, and Ash on the west. It is uncertain when Pirbright was detached from the royal manor of Woking, to which it originally belonged; but it must have come into the possession of the Clares, earls of Gloucester, descended from Richard de Tonbridge, either in or before the reign of Henry the Third; when Peter de Pirifrith, or Pirbright, held this manor of the Honor of Clare, by the service of one knight's fee.' In the same reign, Fulk Basset, lord of the manor of Woking, purchased a hide of land called Bridley, or Crastock, of the fee of Pirifrith, parcel of the Honor of Gloucester, and annexed it to his capital manor of Woking. In the thirtieth year of the reign of Edward the First, John Trenchard died seised in demesne, as of fee, of the manor of Purifright, [Pir- bright,] held of the Earl of Gloucester, as of his Honor of Clare, by the service of one knight's fee, leaving a son and heir, Henry, eighteen years of age. Probably, in consequence of the death of Henry Trenchard without heirs, the manor reverted to the lord of the fee, the Earl of Gloucester; for in the 17th year of Edward the Second, Hugh le Despenser, the younger, the favourite minister of that king, who held the earldom of Gloucester in right of his wife, was in possession of Pirbright;—and it appears that in the year just men- tioned, Elizabeth, the wife of Sir Richard Talbot of Goderich castle in Herefordshire, one of the sisters and co-heirs of John Comyn of Badenoch, was seized at her house at Kennington, by Hugh, earl of Gloucester, in conjunction with his father, Hugh, earl of Winchester, 2 12 Aubrey, speaking of Frimley, says "In this Tything, on Collingley Ridge, is a very high Barrow, which exceeds any of those I have seen in Wiltshire, except Silbury Hill. About it, is a large round ditch, in which you commonly may find water, notwith- standing it is a high mountain."-ANTIQUITIES OF SURREY, vol. iii. p. 210. TESTA DE NEVIL, fol. 219: 1807. 2 ESCAET. 30 Edw. I. n. 32. MANOR OF PIRBRIGHT. 435 (who was then lord of Woking,) and carried, in the first instance, to Woking, and thence to Purifrith [Pirbright]; where she was kept till April the 20th, in the 18th year of Edward the Second; and was compelled, doubtless as the price of her liberty, to give up the right and inheritance of her manor of Painswick in Gloucestershire to the elder Spenser, and the castle of Goderich to the younger. 3 By acts of violence and direct injustice such as this, the Spensers drew upon themselves the displeasure and hatred of the people in general; and both paid the penalty of their crimes by the forfeiture of their lives. Shortly after the execution of the elder Spenser, in 1326, the Earl of Gloucester, his son, was made a prisoner by the people of South Wales, among whom he had sought refuge, and delivered up to the Queen, who was then at Hereford. Forthwith, "without sen- tence or judgement," says Stow, "he was drawne and hanged on a gallowes thirtie foote high, and after beheaded and quartered, on the foure and twentieth day of November, whose head was sent to London Bridge, his quarters to foure partes of the Realme." An act of attainder followed; in virtue of which, Pirbright, with the other estates of this nobleman, escheated to the king. 5 6 The manor is stated to have been shortly after vested in the Prince of Wales, who, on the deposition of his father, succeeded to the crown, under the title of Edward the Third. In the first year of his reign, Edmund Plantagenet, earl of Kent, the king's uncle, obtained a grant of Pirbright, as also of Woking and Sutton, to hold in chief of the crown, as of the Honor of Clare, by the service of one knight's fee, and suit of court at Blechingley; rendering annually to the treasury, by the hands of the sheriff, twenty pence at Michaelmas. The execution and attainder of the Earl of Kent, through the machi- nations of Roger, earl Mortimer, who governed the kingdom during the minority of Edward the Third, occasioned another forfeiture of this manor, as stated in the account of Woking, which also belonged to this nobleman. He left two sons, who were restored to their rights by act of parliament; but both dying without issue, the inheritance devolved on their sister Joan, the wife of Sir Thomas Holland, and afterwards of Edward, prince of Wales, commonly called the Black Prince. But Pirbright never came into her possession; it being settled in dower on Elizabeth, countess of Kent, the widow of her brother John.' That lady survived till the twelfth year of Henry the Fourth, when the reversionary right was vested in Edmund Mortimer, earl of 3 Dugdale, BARONAGE, vol. i. pp. 326, 393, 686. ' CHRONICLE, p. 347. 5 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 146. 6 • Dugdale, BARONAGE, vol. ii. p. 93. 7 Id. p. 94. 3 K 2 436 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. 9 March, as the representative of his mother, Eleanor, a grand-daughter of the Princess Joan by her second husband, Sir Thomas Holland. He died seised of this manor in the third year of Henry the Sixth ; and leaving no issue, his estate passed to his nephew Richard, duke of York, then fourteen years of age, who was afterwards a com- petitor with Henry of Lancaster for the crown; and losing his life at the battle of Wakefield, in 1460, his eldest son, Edward, became his successor, and shortly after ascended the throne, with the title of Edward the Fourth; but his mother, Cicely, duchess of York, held Pirbright as part of her dower. Henry the Eighth, in the twelfth year of his reign, granted this manor, by letters patent dated December the 19th, 1520, to Sir William Fitz-William, afterwards created Earl of Southampton; who died on the 14th of October, 1542. The grant was only for life; and soon after the earl's decease, the king granted the manor on the same terms to Sir Anthony Brown, knt. By letters patent, dated February the 8th, 1554-5, King Philip and Queen Mary, in consider- ation of the eminent services of Anthony, the son and heir of Sir Anthony Brown, who had then recently been created Viscount Montacute, granted the demesne and manor of Pirbright, with all its rights, members and appertenances, (charged only with the payment of 13s. 4d. annually, as the bailiff's fee,) to Sir Anthony, and his heirs and assigns for ever, to be held in chief, by the service of half a knight's fee, rendering yearly at the manor of Stockwell, for this and other lands included in the same grant, the sum of 87. 12s. 11d. Anthony, Viscount Montacute, died seised of this manor, valued at 67. 18s. 8d., in 1592; and his great-grandson, Francis, Viscount Montacute, to whom the estate had descended, in 1677, sold it to John Glynne, esq. of Henley Park, near Guildford. This gentleman was the son of Sir John Glynne, knt., who was chief-justice of the King's Bench during the interregnum. He died in 1682; and leaving no male issue, the manor, about 1707, came into the possession of Sir Richard Child, afterwards Earl of Tilney, who had married Dorothy, the daughter and, at length, sole heir of Mr. Glynne. In 1739, the Earl sold it to Solomon Dayrolles, esq. of Henley Park; by whom it was again disposed of, in 1784, to Henry Halsey, esq.; and it is now the property of his son, Henry Wm. Richard Westgarth Halsey, esq. 9 Before the Reformation, a piece of ground in the parish of Pir- bright, called Torch-plat, was let for 12d. a year; and another piece, called Lamp-plat, for 8d. a year: and these rents had been given * Dugdale, BARONAGE, vol. ii. p. 159. • Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 149. MANOR, AND LIVING OF PIRBRIGHT. 437 towards the expense of lights for the church. These lands were seized as chantry-lands for the crown; and in 1575, Queen Elizabeth granted them to John Dudley and John Ascough, esqrs., and their heirs for ever, to hold by fealty only, in free socage, as of the Honor of East Greenwich; and those persons, by indenture dated the 16th of June following, conveyed the same to John Martin, of Pirbright, yeoman.10 In the northern part of the parish of Pirbright there is a small manor called Cowshete, which extends into the adjoining parish of Bisley, and is annexed to the rectory of that parish. It is held of the manor of Pirbright, by the yearly acknowledgment of one pepper- corn. Thomas Cowshete, senior, resided here in the reign of Richard the Second. He held a messuage and half a virgate [yardland] in Frensham; and dying without issue, his brother John became heir to the estate. His son Thomas died in the eleventh year of Henry the Sixth; and the inheritance descended to his daughter Isabel, who married John Shering." Pirbright, though somewhat enlivened of late years by the south- western railroad passing through it, is still a secluded village; and but seldom visited, except by persons on business. Indeed, there is very little inducement for travellers to inspect this part of the country; the scenery being chiefly confined to barren heath and moor lands, inter- mixed with occasional patches of cultivation, where the soil is of a better quality. Only a few years ago, a stranger was hailed as a rarity here; and it was a custom of the inhabitants to greet him by joining hands and dancing round him; and this singular mode of salutation had the boorish title attached to it of—" Dancing the Hog.' The Living of Pirbright, which is a perpetual curacy, is endowed "9 12 10 Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 149.-Among the Customs of Pirbright manor in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, as appears from a Survey taken in May, 1574, were the following, viz.-Every Tenant and Copyholder shall pay unto the Lord, upon every alienation or death of the tenant, his best beast for an heriott; and shall fine at the Lord's Will.-The eldest son shall inherit his father's Copyhold Lands; but the father may surrender to the use of which Child he listeth.-If a surrender be delivered into the hands of any tenants, and they present it not within one year and a day, or at the next Court of the Lord's, the Surrender is void.-The widow of any tenant dying seised of any Copyhold land shall have no Widow's Bench (the same which is called Free Bench, in our Law Books.) nor any part of the husband's Copyhold, unless she be fined in with her husband in his Copy.-If there be no Son, the eldest daughter shall have the Copy- hold. Id. p. 150. 11 ROT. CUR. de Pentecost in Frensham. 12 Among other stories told, illustrative of the ignorance which formerly characterized the inhabitants of this wild tract, is, that they only knew when it rained by looking into the ponds on their heaths and commons. 438 HISTORY OF SURREY.- -WOKING HUNDRED. with 6007. royal bounty, and 4007. parliamentary grant. The tithes formerly appertained to the rectory of Woking, in conjunction with which they were appropriated to the Priory of Newark in 1262, when they were valued at 5l. 6s. 8d. per annum; with the payment of 10s. 8d. for tenths. The curate's stipend is paid by the lay-impro- priator, the owner of this manor; in whom is vested the patronage of the living. From the Register of the Bishop of Winchester it appears that, in 1367-8, he issued his mandate to the Sequestrators in the archdeaconry of Surrey, for the levying of procuration money due to him for the purgation of the chapel of Pyrbryght, which had been polluted with blood; for the payment of which the rector of Worplesdon, and three of the parishioners of Pyrbryght, had given security." No account is given of the particular event which rendered such purgation necessary. Curates of Pirbright in and since 1800.- HENRY HAMMOND. Licensed in 1795. C. V. HOLME SUMNER. Licensed in January, 1828. WILLIAM FRASER, M.A." Licensed 22nd of August, 1828. Licensed July the 11th, 1831. Licensed in 1837: resigned 1838. CHARLES B. BOWLES, M.A. HENRY AYLING, M.A. WILLIAM HENRY PARSON. Licensed in October, 1838. The Church at Pirbright is dedicated to St. Michael, and chiefly consists of a nave and chancel, with an embattled tower at the west end, surmounted by a small shingled spire; on the apex of which is a gilded ball, crowned by a handsome gilt vane in the form of a dragon. On each side of the nave are two large semi-circular-headed windows; between which, on the south, is a small porch sheltering the entrance to the interior. The chancel, which, like the tower, is of stone, and similarly embattled, is flanked by two projecting buildings; that on the south side being a vestry-room; and that on the north, a mausoleum. At the east end of each of these is a semi-circular niche, in which is placed an inscribed tablet of marble, in form of a sarco- phagus ;-the one displaying the words, "Mausoleum of H. Halsey, esq., ob. June 15th, 1807; aged 62 years"; and the other, "Erected pursuant to the Will of H. Halsey, esq., late of Henley Park, 1812." The walls of the nave are of red brick; and the roof, which is high- pitched, is tiled. The mausoleum is entered from the church-yard. The interior of this edifice, which consists of a nave and spacious 18 REGIST. WICKHAM, II. fol. 12, b. 14 Prior to the residence of this minister at Pirbright, the duty was only once every Sunday; but since his time, there have been two full services on each Sabbath-day. PIRBRIGHT CHURCH, AND COURT-HOUSE. 439 side aisle, with a flat ceiling supported by three Doric columns, has the appearance of a large square room. a large square room. There is also a chancel, which is separated from the nave by a semi-circular arch springing from single columns of the Doric order; and, adjoining, is a vestry-room. The chancel has a concave ceiling; and the east end is elliptical. In the east window, which is ornamented with a stained border on ground glass, is a shield of arms, thus emblazoned :— Arms, Arg. Three Boars' Heads, erased, in pale, Sab., for Halsey; Impaling, Sab. on a Fess between three crescents in chief and one in base, Arg., a martlet between two Mullets of the First, for Glover. Crest,-On a Wreath, upon a Sword, erect, ppr. pomel and hilt, Or, a Boar's Head, erased, transfixed, Sab. Halsey. There are no sepulchral memorials of importance within this edifice. The pulpit and reading-desk are of oak; and the pewing, which is in good repair, is painted to represent oak. The Font is an elegant vase of white marble, standing upon a pedestal of veined marble. This church has been erected at different times in place of a smaller and meaner structure. The nave and tower were rebuilt, in 1785; the expense being partly defrayed by money collected by brief. The chancel and its side buildings were erected at the cost of the Halsey family, who are the lay-impropriators. The parish registers commence with the year 1574 THE COURT-HOUSE, PIRBRIGHT. 440 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. At a short distance from the church is the COURT-HOUSE, an old mansion, now tenanted by the Rev. Wm. Henry Parson, the present incumbent. This consisted, originally, of a centre and two low-gabled wings; but a part of the former, and one wing, have been pulled down. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which has been partly filled up; and a modern bridge of one arch, leading to the front of the house, has been substituted in place of the ancient draw-bridge. The manor courts are still opened in this dwelling, pro forma, and are then adjourned to the White Hart, which is the only public-house in the village. Independently of between four and five thousand acres of heath, &c. this parish contains about 585 acres of arable land, 299 acres of meadow, and 432 acres of pasture, rough meadow, wood, and plantations. STOKE-NEXT-GUILDFORD. There are in the county of Surrey two parishes which bear the name of Stoke: one of these, in the hundred of Emley-bridge, is distinguished by the appellation of Stoke D' Abernon, from a family to which the manor anciently belonged; and the other, which we are about to describe, has been termed Stoke-next-Guildford, it being situated to the north and north-west of that town, part of which extends into this parish. Stoke seems to have been, at an early period, a place of some importance, as it gave name to the deanery of Stoke, but which, since the reign of Edward the First, has not unfre- quently been called the Deanery of Guildford. At the time of the Domesday Survey the king held Stocha (Stoke, or Stokes,) in demesne. It was of the ferm of King Edward: or was Then it was rated at seventeen hides; a part of his personal estate. but was not taxed. The arable land,' says the record, 'is sixteen carucates: in demesne are two carucates, and twenty four villains, and ten bordars, with twenty carucates. There is a Church, which William holds of the King, with half a hide of land, in frank almoigne. There are five bondmen; and two mills worth 25 shillings, and sixteen acres of meadow. The wood, which yields 40 swine, is in the King's park. In the time of King Edward, and afterwards, the manor was valued at 12 pounds; when surveyed, at 15 pounds. And the tenant pays 15 pounds, by weight. The Sheriff hath 25 shillings.' In the fourteenth year of the reign of Henry the Second, an aid or contribution was collected throughout the kingdom on the marriage of the king's daughter, Matilda, with the Duke of Saxony; when one AN GA STOKE-NEXT-GUILDFORD.- -MANOR. 441 mark was charged on every knight's fee. From the account of the Sheriff of Surrey it appears, that the tenants of the crown at Stoke paid toward this aid 33s. 4d.:' therefore the whole manor was then rated at two knights' fees and a half. This manor continued to form a part of the estates belonging to the crown, till the time of King John; by whom it appears to have been dismembered, and afterwards alienated. This prince, in the first year of his reign, granted to Geoffrey Bocumton [qy. Stoucton ?] land in Stoke-next-Guildford, in exchange for other land which he held by gift from the king at Puttenham; the grantee paying a fine of forty marks of silver. On the 21st of April, 1204, in the sixth year of his reign, John granted Stoke, with all its appertenances, to William de Sancta Maria, bishop of London, and his successors, in perpetuity, to hold of the king and his heirs, by the payment of one hundred shillings a year, in lieu of all services. The bishop gave the king one hundred marks for the manor; and on the 27th of the same month, the Sheriff of Surrey was ordered to give seisin of the manor to the bishop; and the next year, that officer was directed to appraise the crop of corn then growing on the land, which had been sown at the king's expense, and to let the bishop take it; accounting for its value at the Exchequer." When King John quarrelled with the Pope, in 1207, the Bishop of London was one of those prelates who, in obedience to the orders of the pontiff, laid the kingdom under an interdict, and he then secretly quitted the country. He remained abroad till 1213; when, John having been brought to submission, the bishops returned to England with Pandulph, the papal legate; and their lands and benefices, which had been confiscated, were restored; and various sums of money were also assigned them, to liquidate the expenses in which they had been involved. In 1214, the king, by letters patent, renewed his grant of the manor of Stoke to the bishop of London, with an ample and explicit declaration of the rights and privileges pertaining to it; and it was further provided, that the view of frank-pledge in the bishops' 1 5 ¹ Madox, HISTORY OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. i. p. 587. 2 SURR. Gauf. Bocumton dat Dno. Regi xl. marc. Arg. pro habend. xij lib. terræ in Stokes juxta Geldeford. in excamb. xv lib. terræ quas habuit de dono Dni. R. ap. Puteham. Et mandat. est Gauf. fil. Petri quod capiat xx m. ab ipso G. et bono securitate de aliis xx m. reddendis ad Pasch. et qd. tunc faciat ei habere in saisinam. ROTULI DE OBLATIS & FINIBUS, in Turre Lond. asserv. T. R. Johannis. Acc. T. D. Hardy, S. A. S. 1835. 8vo. p. 41. Ann. 1 Joh. (1199.) Memb. 10. 3 ³ Id. vol. . p. 266. Ann. 6 Joh. (1205.) See Charters, and other records, quoted by Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 167. ' Matt. Paris, HIST. ANGL. pp. 223, 226, 229. VOL. I. 3 L 442 HISTORY OF SURREY.- WOKING HUNDRED. court-leet here should always be held in the presence of the king's serjeant. In the seventh or eighth year of Edward the First, the bishop of London, (Richard de Gravesend,) was summoned, by writ of Quo Warranto, to appear before the king's justices at Guildford, to shew by what authority he claimed the assise of bread and ale, view of frank-pledge and other rights and emoluments, as lord of the manor of Stoke: when he pleaded the charter of John to Bishop W. de S. Maria, above referred to, and a charter of confirmation from Henry the Third; and his claim was, accordingly, allowed." The manor of Stoke remained among the possessions pertaining to the see of London till after the deprivation of Bishop Bonner, in 1559; when Commissioners were appointed, to take possession of it in the name of the queen, (Elizabeth); in virtue of an act of parlia- ment then recently passed, for vesting in her Majesty and her heirs certain portions of the temporalities of every bishopric as it became void, in compensation for tenths and parsonages impropriate.' In 1587 (29th of Elizabeth) this manor, together with that of Berewell • On the decease of this prelate, which happened December the 9th, 1303, a Survey (as appears from the Escheats of the 32nd of Edward the First, n. 30) was made of this manor; the annual revenue arising from which is thus stated :— A Capital Messuage, of the yearly value, beyond reprisals, of Thirty acres of Arable land, at 6d. an acre One acre of Meadow Four acres of Wood... Assised Rents of 21 Free Tenants.. £ s. d. 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 1 6 0 3 0 2 5 0 Assised Rents of 2 Customary Tenants.. The Labour of the said Customary Tenants, in Harvest, for three days..... 040 0 0 6 • Two acres of Meadow, held of the Prior of Newark, at 18d. an acre 0 3 0 3 12 0 Paid to the Bp. of London, for the time being, for the tenement of Aldham 1 4 0 • A Composition for mowing the Lord's meadow at Stoke, and making and carrying the Hay To the Prior of Newark, for the two acres of Meadow 0 1 8 0 1 0 168 Clear revenue.. £ 2 5 4 "See JOURNALS of the House of Commons, vol. i. p. 59. When the manor of Stoke was held by the Bishops of London, they had but one mansion here, which was in New Warren, otherwise called Browning's Down; and there the manorial courts were held for a time; but the situation being inconvenient, they were removed to a close of three acres adjoining the Parsonage, where a booth was erected for the occasion; and the field was thence called the Court Close.-Manning, SURREY, vol. i. pp. 108-9. STOKE-NEXT-GUILDFORD. 443 Court in Kingston, and other lands, was granted, by letters patent, to Thomas Vincent, esq. of Stoke D' Abernon; who, by deed enrolled in Chancery, the same year conveyed it to Sir Laurence Stoughton, knt., in consideration of the sum of 14007. He died in 1615; and his estates at length became vested in his grandson, Nicholas Stoughton, who was created a baronet on the 30th of January, 1661; and dying in 1686, he was succeeded by his son, Sir Laurence; on whose death, without issue, in January, 1692, the baronetcy became extinct. An act of parliament was afterwards passed, for vesting the Stoughton estates in trustees, to be sold for payment of the debts of Sir Laurence, and raising portions for his sisters. This manor, with other parcels of the estate, was, by indenture dated January the 6th, 1697-8, pur- chased under the sanction of the act, by Edward Hubbald, esq. This gentleman died on the 5th of July, 1707, leaving two sons, Edward and William; on the latter of whom he settled his estates, subject to an annuity payable to his brother. William Hubbald, who was paymaster and accomptant of the Navy Office, died on the 8th of December, 1709; and an act of parliament was subsequently passed, directing the sale of his estates, to liquidate his debt to the crown; the surplus to be preserved for uses therein specified. In 1718 the manor of Stoke was bought by Nicholas Turner, esq.; whose younger son, of the same name, succeeded to the estate in 1747, his brother and predecessor having died, unmarried, in January that year. In 176? Stoke was sold by Mr. Turner, to Jeremiah Dyson, esq., cofferer of his Majesty's household; who for some time held the office of principal-clerk of the House of Commons, and various other employ- ments under government; but who is chiefly deserving of notice for his liberal patronage of Dr. Akenside, author of the "Pleasures of Imagination." Mr. Dyson died in 1776; and his son and heir, in 1780, sold this estate to George Vansittart, esq.; by whom it was immediately re-sold, to William Aldersey, esq. Great additions were made to the estate while in possession of that gentleman; by whom it was, also, much improved. He enlarged the park, which was previously only a paddock of a few acres, adjoining the house; and made in it extensive plantations. The road near Stoke mills, on the Wey, between the mansion and the church, was not only inconvenient but dangerous, leading through a broad part of the river, except during floods, when a passage was permitted over a long miserable wooden bridge, at other times closed. Mr. Aldersey, having purchased the mills, turned the course of the road by the west end of the church, made a handsome causeway, and erected a new and commodious wooden bridge, which is now a county bridge. He 3 L 2 444 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. likewise bought of Lord Onslow the demesne lands of Stoughton, which had long been converted into a farm; and he obtained, by pur- chase of the two daughters and co-heiresses of Mr. John Bullen, an adjoining farm called Bullen's-hill: but he afterwards sold Stoughton Farm to Mr. John Baker; and Bullen's-hill to Richard Henry Budd, esq., who built a new house there, called STOKE-HILL HOUSE, now the property of the Rev. Samuel Paynter. Mr. Aldersey died on the 30th of May, 1800, and gave the remainder of the estate to his widow; who, in 1801, sold Stoke Park to Nathaniel Hillier, esq. It is now the property and residence of Colonel Delap; who obtained it by his marriage with Harriet, the eldest daughter of that gentleman; the reversion, on her decease, being vested in the eldest son of Colonel, the Hon. T. C. Onslow, who married the second daughter of Mr. Hillier. The Manor of STOUGHTON. Stoctun, or Stoughton, at the time of the Domesday survey, was a member of the manor of Stoke. It consists of that part of the parish which lies to the north of the river Wey, between the manors of Guildford and Woking; and it was afforested, together with those manors, in the beginning of the reign of Henry the Second, under the designation of Stoctun. According to a pedigree of the family of Stoughton, drawn up by Sir Nicholas Stoughton, bart., in the seventeenth century, Godwin de Stoctun lived here in the time of King William the First; but this date appears to be too early; for one of his grandsons is represented as living in the forty-fifth year of Henry the Third. In a demise of lands at this place, by Agnes, daughter of Thurbet de Stoctun, to her daughter Anastasia, John, another grandson of Godwin, is styled Lord of the Fee; and "this," says Mr. Manning, "is the first intimation we have of its being a distinct manor, which it probably therefore became about the time of King John's grant to the Bishop of London, of whom it was thenceforth held in socage, as of his manor of Stoke." Hugh de Stoctun, who is styled Clerk, was the elder brother of John, who dying without issue, the descendants of Hugh became possessed of the estate. Henry de Stoctun, or Stockton, who held it in 1330, obtained a license under letters patent, from King Edward the Third, to impark one hundred and sixty acres of his lands in Stockton; and the grant was confirmed five years afterwards; about which time the grantee was appointed Verdurer of Windsor forest. In the 24th of 8 HISTORY OF SURREY, vol. i. p. 109. » CALEND. ROTUL. PATENT. p. 105, & 120 b. 9 MANOR OF STOUGHTON. 445 Edward the Third, (1351,) John de Stoughton and others held of the king, in capite, one messuage, one cottage, one toft, and one hundred and forty-four acres of land with their appertenances, in Guildford and Stoke." From this statement it may be concluded that Stockton, or Stoughton, was held immediately of the king, and was not dependent on the Bishop of London's manor of Stoke. However, Thomas de Stockton, or Stoughton, (who had been coroner for the county in the reign of Henry the Fourth,) had, in the fourth year of Henry the Fifth, a lease of the manor of Stoke from Richard Clifford, bishop of London. Thomas Stoughton, (probably the same person,) is men- tioned in the list of the gentry of Surrey, returned by commissioners, in the twelfth of Henry the Sixth." His great-grandson, Gilbert, who was educated for the bar, was Escheator of Surrey and Sussex in the seventh and eighth years of Henry the Seventh; and a commissioner for the collection of a subsidy, in the fourth of Henry the Eighth. He resided chiefly at Chalgrove, in Oxfordshire, where he died in 1516; and he was interred, according to his own directions, at Bea- consfield, in Buckinghamshire. Laurence Stoughton, the son of this gentleman, in conjunction with his mother Marion, the daughter of Edmund Beardsey, and her second husband, Thomas Woodward, obtained a renewal of the lease of the manor of Stoke from Cuthbert Tonstal, then bishop of London, at the rent of 157. 6s. 8d. a year, on the 26th of January, 1528-9: and on the 29th of the same month, Mr. Woodward and his wife, in consideration of 207. a year, to be paid them by Laurence, released their right and interest to him, discharged of the reserved rent to the bishop. In 1547 he had a new lease from Edmund Bonner, who then held the see of London; and by indenture dated June the 10th, 1549, he purchased of Henry Polsted, esq. the advowson of the parsonage of Stoke. Thomas Stoughton, the son and heir of Laurence, in 1575, sold the advowson to William Hammond of Guildford and Elizabeth his wife, with remainder, after their decease, to the corporation of that town, for the benefit of the free-school. He died in 1578; and was succeeded by Laurence, his eldest son by his second wife, Elizabeth Lewknor; as by his first, Ann, daughter of Francis Fleming, he had no issue. This Laurence Stoughton married Rose, the daughter of Richard Ive and Elizabeth his wife, who after Ive's decease became the wife of William Hammond, mentioned above. In 1587, (as before stated,) he purchased of Thomas Vincent the manor of Stoke; and by indenture dated February the 23rd, 1598-9, (for the better and more effectually securing to the corporation of 10 CALEND. ROTUL. PATENT. p. 159 b. 11 See Fuller's WORTHIES, vol. ii. p. 366. 446 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. Guildford the advowson of Stoke, which had not been properly con- veyed by his father to Hammond,) he executed a new feoffment of it to Sir William More, and his son Sir George, as trustees for Laurence himself, the feoffee, and the corporation, that they might become joint patrons of the benefice." James the First conferred on this gentleman the honour of knighthood, at Bagshot, on September the 1st, 1611; and he was representative of the borough of Guildford in the 27th, 28th, and 35th, of Elizabeth. He died in 1615; and was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, George Stoughton, who was knighted in 1616; and on his death, without issue, January the 25th, 1623-4, the estate devolved on his brother Nicholas. He received part of his education at New College, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship; and in June, 1612, he was admitted a student in the Temple. He was a member for Guildford in the last parliament of James the First; and also in the long parliament,' which began its sessions under Charles the First. In 1625 he married Bridget, (the daughter of Sir John Compton,) who died in 1631; and by whom he had a son and a daughter, who survived her. The son dying in 1634, Mr. Stoughton took a second wife, Ann, daughter of William Evans; and on that occasion, with the concurrence of his brother Anthony, the next heir in tail to the family estates, they were by deed, dated May the 26th in the above year, and ratified by a fine passed in Hilary Term following, settled on the heirs of his own body, with remainder only, in default of such, to the heirs male of Anthony Stoughton; remainder to his own right heirs. He had by his second wife, three children, who died in infancy; and the sole surviver of his progeny, Rose, his daughter by the first wife, was married to Arthur Onslow, esq. on the 22nd of April, 1647; when Mr. Stoughton suffered a recovery of his estates, and made a new settlement of them to the use of the said Rose, and her issue, with substitutions, whereby the remainder, according to the preceding settlement vested in the male heirs of his brother Anthony, was cut off. He died on the 4th of March, 1647-8; and Rose Onslow, his daughter and heiress, survived him only one week, having a few days previously to her decease given birth to a daughter, her only child, who by the last settlement became intitled to the Stoughton estates, which however she did not survive long enough to enjoy; and on her death in 1649, they reverted to the right heir, Nicholas, the only-surviving son of Anthony Stoughton above-mentioned, who was then fourteen years of 12 This arrangement was afterwards set aside; for by indenture dated July the 20th 1650, and fine levied thereupon, the Corporation of Guildford surrendered to Nicholas Stoughton, the grandson of Laurence, all their right and interest in the advowson of the rectory of Stoke. See Manning, SURREY, vol. i. pp. 171, and 182. STOUGHTON PLACE.—STOKE MILLS. 447 age. In July, 1653, he entered as a gentleman-commoner at Exeter College, Oxford; March the 12th, 1656-7, he was admitted a Bachelor of Laws; and on the 18th of May, 1659, he proceeded to the degree of Doctor, having obtained from Richard Cromwell, chancellor of the University, a letter of license to dispense with the remainder of his terms. Shortly after the restoration of Charles the Second he was created a baronet. In 1662 he married Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Henry Massingberd, by Ann the widow of his late uncle, Nicholas Stoughton. He served the office of High-sheriff of Surrey in 1663; and his death took place on the 30th of June, 1686. By his lady, who died in 1682, he had nine children; five of whom survived him. Laurence, the only son and heir of Sir Nicholas Stoughton, in January, 1691-2, married Mary, the daughter of John Burnaby, brewer of London, by whom he had no issue, dying within a month of his nuptials; and with him the baronetcy became extinct. The family estates were afterwards sold, pursuant to an act of parliament, as already stated. Lady Stoughton, soon after she became a widow, married Watkinson Payler, of Thoraldby in Yorkshire; and subse- quently, Thomas Turnour, barrister-at-law. She died in 1732. The mansion called Stoughton Place, which was situated on an emi- nence near the centre of the manor, after the sale and separation of the family estates, was pulled down; and its site, now a ploughed field of about six acres, with part of the old moat remaining, is still called Stoughton Gardens. This spot, detached from the rest of the demesne lands of Stoughton, was purchased, about 1700, by Mr. Joseph Lee of Stoke; and by deed dated September the 3rd, 1725, he gave it, after his decease to Mr. Thomas Hatch, charged with the payment of 2007. to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and the latter in 1731, by deed dated March the 26th, conveyed the premises to Mr. John Bullen of Stoke. It descended to his son; whose daughters and co-heiresses sold it to Mr. Aldersey, with the farm there called Bullen's-hill, as already related. But when Mr. Aldersey sold Stough- ton farm to Mr. Baker, this part went with it, and became re-united to the original estate. The rest of the demesne lands constituted another farm, which came into the possession of the Onslow family, and after- wards of Mr. Aldersey. The manor of Stoughton, for which no separate courts have been held since 1615, is now included in that of Stoke. Two Mills are mentioned as existing in the manor of Stoke at the time of the Domesday survey, which yielded an annual rent of twenty-five shillings, supposed by Mr. Manning to be equal to thirty- seven pounds, ten shillings, of our present currency. The bishops of 448 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. London held these mills, as lords of the manor; and in 1365 Simon de Sudbury, then bishop, in Trinity term commenced a suit against Richard de Stoughton of Stoughton, for not allowing him to enter upon his lands for the purpose of repairing the banks and ditches of certain waters belonging to his mills at Stoke, and laid the damage at 1000Z. 13 These mills at length came into the possession of the Stoughton family; and under the authority of the act of parliament for the sale of their estates passed in 1696, they were sold to Sir Richard Onslow, bart., afterwards Lord Onslow. They were next purchased by Mr. Paine of Godalming, who erected a saw-mill; but becoming a bank- rupt, his assignees sold the mills to Mr. Aldersey; after whose death they were bought by Nathaniel Hillier, esq., together with the estate of Stoke; and are now possessed by the owner of that property. The Living of Stoke is a rectory, in the deanery to which it gives name. In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, made about 1291, it is rated at 201. a year; and in the King's Books, at 187. 10s.; the in- come arising from a manse, or parsonage-house, an orchard, arable, meadow, and pasture land, besides the tithes; with the deduction of 9s. 84d. to the archdeacon, for procurations and synodals. This benefice which was held of the king, with half a hide of land, in frank-almoigne, by one William at the time of the Domesday survey, subsequently came into the possession of the Prior of Lewes, who presented to it in 1306. It having reverted to the crown at the dissolution of monasteries, Henry the Eighth, by letters patent dated September the 10th, 1544, gave it to Robert Lawerd, or Lord; who on the 10th of October following sold it for 377. to Henry Polsted, esq. who had married his daughter; and by him it was re-sold in June, 1549, for 451. to Laurence Stoughton, esq. The transfer of the advowson to the corporation of Guildford, and its resumption by the Stoughton family, have been already sufficiently noticed. On the sale of the estates of the last heir-male of the family, Sir Laurence Stoughton, it was conveyed with the manor to the purchaser, Edward Hubbald, esq.; and in 1718 it was again sold with the manor to Nicholas Turner, esq.; of whom it was purchased by J. Russell, M.A. prebendary of Peterborough; who dying in 1762, left it to his only 13 In 1549 Henry Polsted, esq. by deed dated June the 1st that year, sold to Laurence Stoughton, esq. one rood-meal, in Millmead, with other lands which had been the property of Henry Norbridge of Guildford. On the rood-meal, and on certain land belonging to the manor of Stoke, of which he had a lease, Mr. Stoughton erected a water-mill, which in 1596 was removed by his grandson, Sir Laurence Stoughton, to his own land in the manor of Stoughton; where the mills now stand.-Manning, SURREY, vol. i. p. 173. CHO 21 SEPULCHRAL MEMORIALS IN STOKE CHURCH. 449 son, the Rev. John Russell. He died in 1766, leaving three daughters his co-heiresses; who subsequently sold the advowson to Mr. George West of Farnham; and he conveyed it to his son, the Rev. George West, whom he had presented to the living in 1795. The present patrons are the trustees of Mrs. Samuel Paynter, the wife of the pre- sent rector of Stoke. Rectors of Stoke-next-Guildford in and since 1800.- GEORGE WEST. Instituted the 5th of May, 1795. SAMUEL PAYNTER, A.M. Instituted the 8th of October, 1831. Stoke Church, which is dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, is an irregular structure, consisting chiefly of a nave, chancel, and north aisle; with a somewhat massive tower, embattled, at the west end. It is built of ordinary stone, intermixed with flints; and attached to the east end of the aisle, is Stoughton's Chapel, which is mostly of flint, and opens to the chancel by two pointed arches. Although mentioned in the Domesday survey, but few vestiges of its original character are noticeable. There was formerly an entrance-porch on the south side; but this has been converted into a vestry-room. The principal entrance is at the west end; and over it is a handsome pointed-arched window, divided by mullions into several lights, with smaller ones. above. The interior is mostly pewed with Norway oak; and the chancel is wainscotted with the same to a considerable height. Within the tower are three bells; on each of which is this inscription: Bryan Eldridge made mee. 1620. There is a long and well-pewed gallery at the west end, and an organ-gallery; in front of the organ are these inscriptions:--- This Organ was the offering of William Aldersey, Esq., to Stoke Church, A.D. 1785;- -And was endowed by his widow, Harriet Aldersey, in the humble wish of fulfilling his intentions, A.D. 1800.¹ There are numerous sepulchral memorials in this church; yet scarcely any of them are of sufficient importance to require transcrip- tion. Among them are several for members of the Stoughton family, including three long inscriptions in Latin, sculptured in brass and inclosed in marble frames.15 One of these was erected by Nicholas Stoughton, esq. in memory of his wife Brigid, "the younger daughter of Sir John Compton, of Prior's-Dean, in Hamshire, knt.," who died 14 This, however, is incorrect; there being no endowment. Mrs. Aldersey paid a small salary to the organist, until about three years ago; since which, a collection has been made round the parish. 15 These are all copied in Manning's SURREY, vol. i. pp. 174-177. A long Pedigree of the Stoughton family is also given in the same work. VOL. I. 3 M 450 HISTORY OF SURREY.— WOKING HUNDRED. in March, 1631, in her twenty-fifth year: the epitaph concludes with the following verses :— To Prior's Deane, where borne, shee went to dy,- This Chappell wanted roome for her to ly. Yeat part of her here restes, two Children deere Already plac'd, two to be placed here; O may their comming hither be deferr'd Till they their aged Father have interr'd! Shee at her Fathers, by her Sisters side, < Lyes buried where shee thrice was made a Bride. A Bride by name at Font, in Fact by Ring, By Death espoused to her heavenly King. Thrice happy Soule! the holy Angels bring Thee to Heav'n's quire, & there with thee they sing The All-maker's prayses: may'st thou lesson us To do the like, and praise him; praying thus : Thou, who her hence hast taken unto thee, Take hence our harts, ere hence we taken be.' In the chancel is a neat marble tablet, by Bacon, in memory of MRS. CHARLOTTE SMITH, celebrated as a poet and novelist, who died at Tilford, near Farnham, on the 28th of October, 1806, in the fifty- seventh year of her age. Arms:-Gu. on a Bend engrailed between two Cinquefoils, Or, three Leopards' Faces, Az. This lady, who was the daughter of Nicholas Turner, esq. (by Anne Towers, his first wife,) the last of that name who inherited the manor of Stoke, was born in King-street, St. James's Square, on the 4th of May, 1749. Her father had, also, a seat in Sussex, on the banks of the Arun, called Bignor Park, where she passed several years in the early part of her life; to which she alludes in the following stanza :-the South downs and the vallies of the Arun are repeatedly noticed in her poetical effusions. Then, from thy wild-wood banks, Aruna, roving, Thy thymy downs with sportive steps, I sought, And Nature's charms with artless transport loving, Sung, like the birds, unheeded and untaught. Losing her mother before she was quite four years old, the care of her education devolved on an aunt; who appears to have discouraged that innate taste for reading which she displayed even in her child- hood. But her thirst for knowledge was not to be repressed; and she eagerly devoted her hours to the perusal of almost every book to which she could obtain access; and by this means she acquired a considerable stock of miscellaneous and general information. From the twelfth to the fifteenth year of her age, she occasionally resided UNIV OF MEMOIR OF MRS. CHARLOTTE SMITH. 451 with her father in London, where she had opportunity for improving her intellectual faculties by observation and inquiries amidst the various society to which she was introduced. Being attractive in person and of womanly appearance, she remained not long unwooed; and before she had completed her sixteenth year, her hand was bestowed on the second son of Richard Smith, esq., a West India merchant of much eminence, and a director of the East India company. This proved, however, but an ill-assorted match; and from the extravagance and ill-conduct of her husband, and the occurrence of many untoward circumstances connected with his pursuits, Mrs. Smith was involved in misfortunes during most of her future life. After a residence of some duration in the metropolis, Mrs. Smith, from ill-health, found it expedient to remove to a small house in the pleasant village of Southgate, near London. Here, she soothed her retirement by the indulgence of her early taste for literature, in those intervals of time that were not required for necessary attention to an increasing family. Subsequently, Mr. Smith's father purchased for him Lyss Farm in Hampshire, whither he retired from business, which, it seems he had always neglected; and there he resided with his wife and family, then consisting of seven children. During several years passed in this situation he lived beyond his fortune, kept a larger establishment than he could afford, and to crown his imprudence, engaged in wild and unprofitable speculations in agriculture. Four or five years after the death of his father in 1776, Mr. Smith was appointed to serve as sheriff for the county of Hants, and the expense which he consequently incurred contributed to the ruin of his affairs; for shortly after, he became an inmate of the King's Bench prison. Mrs. Smith spent a considerable part of the seven months during which he was imprisoned with him; and to her exertions he was principally indebted for his liberation. It was on this occasion, that she first attempted to derive profit from her literary productions. In 1784 appeared her earliest publication, intituled "Elegiac Sonnets, and other Essays"; of which a second edition came out the same year. Although Mrs. Smith had the gratification of relieving her husband from bondage, his liberty, ere long, was again threatened; and to avoid a gaol he fled to France, whither his wife accompanied him; and they passed the ensuing winter as tenants of a dreary chateau in Normandy. The next year, through her exertions, they returned to England, and lived at Woolbeding in Sussex. Mrs. Smith now pro- duced a translation from the French of a novel, by the Abbe Prevost; and a collection of remarkable narratives, selected from "Les Causes 3 M 2 452 HISTORY OF SURREY. WOKING HUNDRED. Célébres" of the French, which she intituled "The Romance of Real Life." Soon after, Mr. Smith was obliged again to quit the kingdom; and his wife removed with her children to a small cottage in another part of Sussex. In this retirement, she wrote her first novel of "Emmeline, or the Orphan of the Castle," 1788. This was succeeded by several other works of fiction; the most-deservedly popular of which, perhaps, was "The Old Manor House," 1793. She also pro- duced some well-written little books for young persons, under the titles of "Minor Morals," "Rural Walks," "Rambles Farther," and "Conversations." Her Sonnets and other Poems passed through eleven editions, and were translated both into French and Italian. Her "Ethelinde, or Recluse of the Lake," was also eminently suc- cessful. Amidst the close application which her numerous literary under- takings must have required, she was harrassed and perplexed by the intricacies and delays of law, arising from the state of affairs of her family. Her children's grandfather had left his property, which was chiefly in the West Indies, in the hands of trustees and agents; and this circumstance, with the embarrassments of her husband, contributed much to destroy her comfort. It appears, also, that she was, herself, involved in a law-suit during nearly the whole of her life, in consequence of claims originating in a family alliance with the Sidneys, earls of Leicester." Hence it was, that having experienced much of legal vexation, rapacity, and chicanery, she was led to intro- duce into several of her novels her own case, either principally or collaterally, with characters of almost every description of lawyer, calculated to excite disgust and detestation against the profession and its professors. From the follies and irregularities of her husband, and the utter incompatibility of temper which embittered her domestic life, and estranged her heart from every feeling but those of duty, Mrs. Smith, after a severe endurance of twenty-three years, acting on the advice of her most dispassioned friends, withdrew with all her children from Woolbeding house, and settled for a time in a small mansion in the environs of Chichester. Shortly after, her husband, finding himself involved in fresh difficulties, again sought refuge on the continent; and although they occasionally met after that period, and constantly cor- responded with each other, they never afterwards resided together. It was after this separation that Mrs. Smith more especially exerted her literary talents in the composition of those works which caused her to be regarded as one of the best novelists of the age. 16 Vide GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, vol. lxxix. part 2, p. 1073. SEPULCHRAL MEMORIALS IN STOKE CHURCH. 453 For a long time prior to her decease, the health of this accomplished woman gradually declined. "So many years of mental anxiety and exertion had completely undermined a constitution, which nature seemed to have formed to endure unimpaired to old age; and, con- vinced that her exhausted frame was sinking under increasing infirmity, she determined on removing into Surrey, from a desire that her mortal remains might be laid with those of her mother, and many of her father's family, in Stoke church." She, accordingly, in 1803, removed from Frans near Tunbridge, to the village of Elsted in the neigh- bourhood of Godalming; and thence, in 1805, to Tilford near Farn- ham, where, as above stated, her sufferings terminated in October, 1806.—Near to her own memorial there is a kindred tablet in memory of two of her sons, Charles and George; both of whom perished in the service of their country, in the West Indies. Mrs. Smith had a family of twelve children. The decease of her husband preceded her own, by about six months." Among the other modern tablets in the chancel, is one for Elizabeth Ann, wife of John Creuze, esq. of Woodbridge House, who died in 1804; and her husband, who was sheriff of Surrey in 1788, and died October the 27th, 1823, aged eighty-seven years. Another inscription records the name of Grace, widow of Vice-admiral Sir W. Burnaby, bart., who died March the 21st, 1823, aged eighty-five years. Against the north wall of the aisle are two small brass plates, within a dove-coloured marble frame, inscribed in commemoration of Henry and William Parson, the benevolent persons who founded the Hospital at Stoke for poor widows, and were buried in this church-yard. Arms:-Gu. two Chevronels Erm. between three Eagles, displayed. Over the manor-pew in the north aisle is a classic memorial by Flaxman, R.A., representing a graceful female mournfully leaning upon an urn. Below, is the following inscription :- This Monument was erected by Harriet Aldersey, in grateful remembrance of the most affectionate of Husbands, WILLIAM ALDERSEY, Esq., of Stoke Park,-A Place formed by his Taste, enlivened by his Cheerfulness, made happy by his Bounty, and better by his Example.-He departed this life the 30th day of May, 1800; aged 64 years. More would you know,-go ask the poor he fed Whose was the hand that rais'd their drooping head? Ask of the few whose path he strew'd with flowers, Who made the happy still have happier hours? Whose voice like his could charm all care away? Whose look so tender, or whose smile so gay? Go ask of ALL,—and learn from every tear, The Good, how honour'd! and the Kind, how dear! 17 See MISCELLANEOUS Prose WORKS of Sir Walter Scott, vol. iv. (Edin. 1834) for 454 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. Here, also, is a memorial for DR. JAMES PRICE, a medical prac- titioner of this neighbourhood, who acquired some notoriety by an alleged discovery of certain methods of transmuting mercury into gold, or silver. He was the son of James Higginbotham, by his wife Margaret, the sister of James Price, citizen of London, who bequeathed his name and fortune to his nephew. This gentleman became a student at Oriel College, Oxford; where he obtained the degree of Bachelor in Physic. In 1782 he published an account of Experiments on Mercury, Silver, and Gold, performed at Guildford, in May that year, before Lord King and others, to whom he appealed as eye- a Biographical Notice of Mrs. Charlotte Smith, from the pen of her sister, Mrs. Dorset, the authoress of that elegant little poem, "The Peacock at Home," &c. Other brief memoirs of Mrs. Smith have appeared in the Monthly Magazine' for April, 1807; 'Public Characters,' vol. iii.; and Brydges's 'Censura Literaria,' new series, vol. i. 1807. The following pleasing effusion, in which humour and melancholy are affectingly blended, is but little known. It was communicated by Mrs. Dorset to Sir Walter Scott; and appears, from the feebleness of the handwriting, to have been composed by Mrs. C. Smith but a very short time before her death. TO MY LYRE. Such as thou art, my faithful LYRE, For all the great and wise admire, Believe me, I would not exchange thee, Since e'en adversity could never Thee from my anguish'd bosom sever, Or time or sorrow e'er estrange thee. Far from my native fields removed, From all I valued, all I loved; By early sorrows soon beset, Annoy'd and wearied past endurance, With drawbacks, bottomry, insurance, With samples drawn, and tare and tret ; With scrip and omnium, and consols, With City Feasts and Lord Mayor's Balls, Scenes that to me no joy afforded ;— For all the anxious sons of care, From Bishopsgate to Temple Bar, To my young eyes seemed gross and sordid. Proud City Dames, with loud shrill clacks, ("The wealth of nations on their backs,”) Their clumsy daughters and their nieces, Good sort of people! and well meaners,- But they could not be my congeneers, For I was of a different species. Long were thy gentle accents drown'd, Till from Bow Bells' detested sound I bore thee far, my darling treasure; And unrepining left for thee Both calipash and calipee, And sought green fields, pure air, and leisure. Who that has heard thy silver tones,- Who that the Muse's influence owns, Can at my fond attachment wonder, That still my heart should own thy power? Thou, who hast soothed each adverse hour; So thou and I will never sunder. In cheerless solitude, bereft Of youth and health, thou still art left ;- When hope and fortune have deceived me, Thou, far unlike the summer friend, Did'st still my falt'ring steps attend, And with thy plaintive voice relieved me. And as the time ere long must come When I lie silent in the tomb, Thou wilt preserve these mournful pages; For Gentle Minds will love my verse, And Pity shall my strains rehearse, And tell my name to distant ages. SEPULCHRAL MEMORIALS IN STOKE CHURCH. 455 witnesses of his wonder-working power. It seems that mercury being put into a crucible and heated in the fire with other ingredients, (which had been shewn to contain no gold,) he added a red powder; the crucible was again heated, and being suffered to cool, among its contents on examination was found a globule of pure gold. By a similar process with a white powder, he produced a globule of silver. The respectability of the spectators of these manipulations gave credit and celebrity for a time to the operator, who was honoured by the University with the degree of Doctor of Physic; and he was also chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society. Dr. Price had now placed himself in a most perilous position; for all persons acquainted with the history of alchemy must have been aware that it was easy to con- jecture how the gold and silver exhibited in his experiments might have been procured without any transmutation of mercury, or any other substance; and the reputation of the first scientific institution in the kingdom authoritatively required that the pretensions of their new associate should be properly sifted, and his claims as a discoverer be clearly established, or his character as an impostor exposed. A repetition of the doctor's experiments under the observation of a committee of the Royal Society was commanded, on pain of expulsion; and the unfortunate man, rather than submit to the ordeal, took a draught of laurel-water," (Prussic acid); and, as the inscription on his tablet informs us, departed this life on the 31st of July, 1783; aged twenty-five years. Of the remaining inscriptions requiring notice, there is one in commemoration of the Right Hon. Jeremiah Dyson, and Dorothy his wife; the former of whom died on the 16th of September, 1776, aged fifty-four years; and the latter, at the age of thirty-four, on December the 16th, 1769;-and another for their son, Jeremiah Dyson, esq. "late Clerk of the House of Commons," and his two wives, and five children: he died October the 14th, 1835, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. The elder Dyson, who had also been clerk of the House of Commons, was one of the three commissioners who, after the resignation of Earl Temple in October, 1761, were appointed to execute the office of keeper of the privy-seal. In May, 1762, he was constituted joint-secretary to the treasury; in April, 1764, he was appointed a Lord of trade: in December, 1768, a Lord of the treasury; and in March, 1777, Cofferer of the household, which last office he held until his decease. There is, likewise, a neat tablet for Nathaniel Hillier, esq. of Stoke Park; who died on the 8th of June, 1810. The Registers of this parish are nearly complete from the year Is Brande's JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, vol. ix. p. 237. 456 HISTORY OF SURREY.—WOKING HUNDRED. 1619, except that for burials, which is deficient from 1678 to 1732. There is a glebe-house, with thirty-six acres of land. The rector repairs the chancel. The church will accommodate about four hun- dred and eighty persons. STOKE HOSPITAL.-This edifice, situated about half way between Stoke church and Guildford, was founded and endowed by William and Henry Parson, for the support of six aged widows. It is a neat brick building, with a clock-turret in the centre, surmounting a hall or domes- tic chapel: at the sides are apartments for the inmates; and behind the hospital is a kitchen garden. The founders were brothers, who having been extensively engaged in trade at Guildford, as linen and woollen- drapers, for many years, had realized a considerable fortune with the fairest character, when they retired from business; and being both single men, they formed the design of appropriating a part of their property to the establishment of this charitable institution. Henry, the younger of these gentlemen, died in 1791, aged sixty-two. The survivor then proceeded to execute their joint purpose; in pursuance of which he conveyed to trustees about half an acre of freehold ground in the parish of Stoke, and made a will, in which he gave directions to his executors to build there a Hospital for poor widows, in case of his death before the work was perfected; bequeathing also funds for its support. The building, however, was completed and occupied by the objects of his bounty before his own decease, which occurred in 1799, when in his seventy-third year. “Statutes and Ordinances were made and ordained for the good Government of the widows of this Hospital," by which it is directed, that prayers shall be read in the hall every Wednesday and Friday, in the morning at ten o'clock, and in the afternoon at three, by one of the inmates, who are called sisters; the reader to have five shillings a week, the others four shillings. A new gown of blue broad-cloth is provided for each every two years; and provision is also made for a dinner for them in common four times in the year, at the expense of twenty-four shillings; on which occasion, the rector or curate of the parish is requested to read prayers and preach a sermon in the parish church, for which he receives a guinea, and the parish clerk five shillings. For these purposes, the interest of 30007. stock, in the 3 per cent. consols, is appropriated; 500l. stock to supply the sisters with fuel; and 2007. stock for the repair of the building and other incidental expenses. Widows are not admitted into this institution if less than sixty years of age; they are to be taken from the parish of Stoke, or, if none qualified can be found there, from the adjoining parish of Worplesdon. MANOR OF WANBOROUGH. 457 WANBOROUGH. Wanborough, called Weneberge in the Domesday Book, is a small parish situated on the brow and sides of the ridge called the Hogsback, and comprising about sixteen hundred acres; of which four hundred are wood-land. On the north, it is bounded by the parishes of Ash and Worplesdon; on the east, by those of St. Nicholas (Guildford), and Compton; on the south, by Puttenham; and on the west, by Seale. The soil is in general calcareous; but on the north, towards the foot of the hill, clay predominates; and on the south is the sandy tract called Puttenham Heath, which is partly in this parish, and was the subject of an act of inclosure, passed in 1803. At the time of the Domesday survey the manor of Weneberge was held by Goisfrid, or Geoffrey, de Mannevile; but it is stated not to have been part of the land of Asgar. Swen and Lewin, brothers, held it of King Edward. It was then rated at 7 hides; but when surveyed, at 3 hides. The arable land was 7 carucates, formerly con- stituting two manors, but then united in one. One carucate was kept in demesne; and twelve villains, and seventeen bordars held eight carucates. There was a church; eight bondmen, and six acres of meadow; and a wood which yielded thirty swine. time of King Edward was valued at 7 pounds, shillings, and when surveyed at 7 pounds.' The whole in the afterwards at 100 From the preceding account it may be inferred that Asgar was a Saxon, whose forfeited estates had been granted to Geoffrey de Mannevile; and that the Norman chieftain, like many others, had endeavoured to augment his territorial acquisitions, by seizing lands under the pretext that they were included in his grant, as portions of the possessions of Asgar. Therefore the statement, that Wanborough had been no part of the land of Asgar, must have been designed by the Jurors, on whose depositions the Domesday survey of the hundred was founded, as an intimation that Geoffrey had no just title to the manor of Wanborough ;-for in the notice of Clapham, in this county, which was also held by this Norman baron, it is expressly stated, that “The Jurors affirm that Geoffrey holds this manor unjustly, because it did not appertain to the lands of Asgar." Swen or Sweyn, and Lewin or Leofwin, who held Wanborough under Edward the Confessor, were doubtless the two sons of Earl Godwin, and brothers of Harold; the former of whom died while on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land; and the latter fell in the battle of Hastings. Geoffrey de Mannevile, or Magnavile, came to England with VOL. I. 3 N 458 HISTORY OF SURREY.—Woking Hundred. William the First, by whom he was appointed Constable of the Tower of London. Besides the manors of Wanborough and Clapham, he also held that of Carshalton, in this county, at the time of the Domes- day survey. His grandson of the same name, who lived in the reign of Stephen, was by that prince created Earl of Essex; yet he was tempted by extravagant grants to desert the king, and join the party of the Empress Maud. He died in 1144;' and his eldest son, Arnulph, or Ernulf, was driven into exile. His estates were doubtless seized by Stephen; who gave them, or at least, those in Surrey, to Pharamus de Bolonia, or Faramuse of Boulogne, nephew to his consort, Queen Maud. Henry, son of the Empress Maud, having ascended the throne after the death of King Stephen, gave the title of Earl of Essex to Geoffrey de Mannevile, the youngest son of the late earl; and he is stated to have likewise restored to him all the lands of his great-grandfather, grandfather, and father. However, Pharamus de Bolonia must have retained possession of the manor of Wanborough; for he sold it to the Abbot of Waverley, for one hundred and twenty marks of silver; and this transfer of the property was ratified by Earl Geoffrey, as lord of the fee, at the request of King Henry the Second. Pope Eugenius, by his bull dated at Paris, 5 Cal. Jun. 1147, confirmed the grant of this manor to the abbot and convent; and it was further secured to them by a charter of Richard the First, in the first year of his reign.' In 1279, (9th of Edward the First,) the Abbot of Waverley obtained from the king's Justices, sitting at Guildford, a recognition of his right to view of frank-pledge in his manors of Wingburgen and Bramley. In the same year, William de Abbecroft gave to the monks of Waverley all his land of Abbecroft, which he held of the convent, with his capital messuage and its appurtenances in Wanburgh. Though the earls of Essex ceased to have any beneficial interest in this estate after the reign of Stephen, yet it appears, that the nominal superiority remained with their representatives full two hundred years after that period. Since we learn from the Escheats of the forty-sixth year of Edward the Third, that Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Here- ford and Essex, held four knights' fees in ' Wanburgh, Clopham, and Ker- salton,' formerly belonging to Sybil de Boleyne of the Honor of Mande- vile. That lady was the heiress of Pharamus de Bolonia, or Boleyne. Wanborough becoming the property of the crown at the dissolution ¹ In the preceding year the King had arrested Geoffrey, who held the office of Con- stable of the Tower; and he was forced to surrender that fortress, and other castles which he held, in order to obtain his liberty. Gervase of Canterbury says, if the Earl had not been secured, he would have dethroned Stephen. See Rapin, HISTORY of England, vol. i. p. 208. 2 See Charters and Bull, in Dugdale's MONASTICON, vol. v. p. 242: Art. Waverley. MANOR OF WANBOROUGH. 459 of monasteries, Henry the Eighth, in 1537, granted the manor and rectory of Wanborough, with the abbey of Waverley, and other estates in Surrey, to Sir William Fitz-William, earl of Southampton, lord- treasurer, and lord-admiral. That nobleman died seised of the pro- perty in 1542; when it devolved on his half-brother, Sir Anthony Brown, in virtue of a previous settlement. On his death it came into the possession of his grandson; who, in the ninth year of James the First, executed a conveyance of the estate to trustees, for the benefit of John Murray, esq., afterwards Earl of Annandale; and his son and heir, in 1643, sold it to James Maxwell, subsequently created Earl of Dirleton. He settled the reversion of it, after the death of his lady, on his daughter, the Duchess of Hamilton, and her heirs. She gave it to her second husband, Thomas Dalmahoy, esq.; who sold it, in 1661, to Elizabeth Colwall, widow; and she vested it in trustees for her grandson, Daniel Colwall, esq. In 1706 Mr. Colwall, by will, con- veyed Wanborough and his other estates to trustees, to be sold for the payment of his debts, and other purposes, as stated in the account of Guildford. After his death, in 1707, the sale took place; and Thomas Onslow, esq., afterwards Lord Onslow, became the purchaser; and his descendant, the present Earl, sold the house and estate on the north side of the hill to James Mangles, esq.-and the land on the south side, to Richard Sumner, esq. Before the Reformation, the monks of Waverley, to whom the living belonged, appear to have generally attended to the cure of souls within this manor themselves. But in consequence of their negligence, probably, some complaint was made to the Bishop of Winchester; and in 1327, Peter de Sele was presented by them to the living, as vicar. In 1330, the bishop examined the muniments of the abbey of Waverley relative to the appropriation of the church, or chapel, of Wanborough; and, on the evidence of long possession, he decided in favour of the validity of the abbot's claim to it. Only two subsequent appointments of vicars are recorded in the registers of the bishops; namely, in 1399, and 1404, when ministers were appointed during vacancies of the abbacy. In the account of ecclesiastical property taken in the reign of Henry the Eighth it is stated, that the oblations of strangers and others at the chapel of St. Bartholomew, at Wanborowe, produced thirteen shillings and four-pence a year; and that five and sixpence was paid annually to the archdeacon of Surrey, for procurations and synodals; and the monks distributed to the poor every year, 47. 10s. 5d. in alms, according to custom, for the benefit of the souls of the founders of the convent." 3 Dugdale's MONASTICON, Vol. v. p. 242. 3 N 2 460 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. A Church at Wanborough is mentioned in the Domesday survey; and we find by muniments of the fourteenth century, that it was dedicated to St. Bartholomew, and appropriated to the abbey of Waverley. It seems to have been unendowed; and when, after the dissolution, the impropriation came into lay-hands, no arrangement was made to provide any stipend for a minister. Divine service, how- ever, was occasionally performed here; and a register was provided, in which the last entries were, of a marriage in 1658; a burial in 1684; and a christening in 1675. More recently, however, the late James Mangles, esq. of Woodbridge Cottage, was interred here by his own desire, he having purchased the property; and it now belongs to his family. He died in September, 1838; having been one of the mem- bers for Guildford in the three successive parliaments of 1831, 1832, and 1835. The church, which is an ancient building of one pace, about forty-five feet in length, and eighteen feet and a half in breadth, is of stone and flints intermixed. It was long suffered to remain in a dilapidated state, and used as an outhouse for farming purposes, but it has been recently repaired: the windows are square-headed. No service has been performed in it for many years. The Village is of small extent, and principally consists of labourers' cottages; but there is one capital farm-house and offices, which was formerly in the tenantcy of Mr. Morris Birkbeck, a distinguished agri- culturist; who afterwards emigrated to America. He was secretary to the first agricultural society instituted in this county. WINDLESHAM, WITH BAGSHOT. This parish, which is situated on the north-eastern confines of Surrey, is bounded on the east by Egham; on the north, by Sunning- hill and Old Windsor in Berkshire; on the west, by Frimley and Sandhurst; and on the south, by Chobham. But very few particulars of the manor of WINDLESHAM can be traced; and all that is known of its early history is, that it was given by St. Edward the Confessor to the church of Westminster:' but the land seems to have been of so little value, that it was exempt from taxation, and therefore, appa- rently, was not included in the Domesday returns. After the Dis- solution, Henry the Eighth gave it to St. John's college, Oxford; to the members of which it still belongs; and they hold here courts leet and baron: yet the advowson of the church could not have accom- panied the grant, as that is still in the gift of the crown. There is another manor here, called FOSTERS, alias WINDLESHAM, of 2 Id. 'Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. p. 82. 2 MANOR OF BAGSHOT. 461 which the earliest notice Mr. Manning could meet with, occurs in an inquisition taken on the death of George Evelyn, esq. in 1603; when it was found that he died seised of three-fifths of the manor of Wynsham, or Windlesham, held of the king, of the manor of Chob- ham. Thomas Evelyn, his eldest son and heir, was settled at Long Ditton; and this estate appears to have been given to his second son, Sir John Evelyn of Godstone; whose grandson, Sir John Evelyn, knight, in 1636, sold this property to James Lynch, esq. of White- parish in Wiltshire; after whose death, in 1640, his estates were divided between his three grand-daughters, Helen, Susan, and Eliza- beth Gauntlett. In 1683, this manor belonged to Daniel Moore, esq.; in 1705, Samuel Maynwaring held it; in 1714, Heneage Finch, Lord Guernsey, was owner. In 1717, it came into the possession of John Walter, esq.; and about 1744, his son and heir, Abel Walter, sold it to the trustees of Richard, Lord Onslow; to whose descendant, the present Earl, it now belongs. The Manor of BAGSHOT. According to the Testa de Nevill, this manor in the reign of Henry the Second, was held of the royal demesne by one Ralph, at a fee- farm rent of forty shillings; but that tenant becoming in arrear, the king granted the manor to a person called Hoypesiort, to be held "per serjantiam valtriæ vel veautriæ." In another part of the same record it is stated that Hoppescoyt (as he is there called) and others, held land of the king in Bachesuth, per serjantiam, to the value of thirty shillings. The manor, however, seems to have been divided; some part having been granted to John Belet; whose descendant, Michael, held it in the time of Henry the Third: and in the 15th of King John, Robert de London paid ten pounds to have seisin of fifty shillings rent in Bacscete, of which he had been dispossessed for con- cealing his service, and for passing, without license, over to Ireland. In the eleventh of Henry the Third, Baldric Blundr', (as the name is abbreviated,) had royal charters for Baggashot, Windlesham, Est- wode, and Stoke, in Surrey; and among the escheats in the Inqui- sitiones post mortem,' of the 39th of Henry the Third, occurs that of Geoffrey Baggesete, for the manor and bailiwick of Bageshote, and the manor of Chobham." 6 < 5 3 TESTA DE NEVILL, sive Liber Feodorum, temp. Hen. III. and Edw. I., p. 225; 1807. 4 Id. p. 417. 5 Madox, HISTORY OF THE EXCHEQUER, vol. i. 6 CALEND. ROTUL. CHARTAR. fol. p. 32; 1803. p. 491. 'CAL. INQUIS. POST MORTEM, vol. i. fol. 14; 1806.-The Jurors at a great assize held in Bagshot in the time of Henry the Third, found that the manor had been held by Heming of Roger Belet, with whom the king was so angry, on account of something he 462 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED.. 8 In the fifteenth of Edward the Second, Ralph de Camoys was appointed surveyor and principal keeper of the manors of Bedhamp- ton, Woking, Sutton, and Bagshot; but in the twentieth of the same reign, the three manors last-named, together with Pirbright, were in the possession of the Spensers, the ill-fated favourites of this king. After their fall, their possessions escheated to the crown, and Bagshot was granted by Edward the Third to his uncle, Edmund of Wood- stock, earl of Kent; but on that nobleman being executed for treason, in 1331, through the intrigues of Roger Mortimer, earl of March, the paramour of the queen-dowager, all his estates were confiscated." Subsequently, however, his entire property was restored to the family; and his second son, John, earl of Kent, dying in 1353 without issue, bequeathed the inheritance of this manor to his sister Joan, (called the ‘Fair Maid of Kent,') who eventually became the wife of Edward, the Black Prince; yet Bagshot never came into her possession; it having been settled in dower on Elizabeth, the widow of Earl John, who retained it until her decease in 1411. After that time, this manor appears to have descended in the same manner as that of Woking, (to which the reader is referred,) until it came into the possession of Henry the Eighth; and it continued vested in the crown until 1621; in which year, on November the 13th, James the First, by his letters patent, granted to Sir Edward Zouch and his heirs male, "the manor of Bagshot, with court leet, and all the waste lands called Bagshot Heath, or Windlesham Heath, within the said manor (containing by estimation 1000 acres)," together with the hundred of Woking, and much other property. This grant became void on the death of James Zouch, esq., the last heir-male of Sir Edward, in 1708; but the reversion of the estates, for 1000 years, had been previously vested in trustees by Charles the Second, for the benefit of his mistress, the Duchess of Cleveland, and her children. 10 had done or omitted in respect to a sparrow-hawk, that he disseised him of all his lands, and forty shillings rent; and Ralph, the younger son of Heming, had the forty shillings of the king's gift, to keep his dogs; but soon after he offended the king, by refusing the care of the dogs, and permitting Herbert to eject him. Vide Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. p. 82: from an Exchequer record, communicated by Craven Ord, esq. 8 CAL. INQUIS. POST MORTEM, vol. i. p. 334. • On this occasion, as appears from Dugdale, (vide BARONAGE, vol. i. p. 94,) an inqui- sition was taken of the Earl's estates; whence it appeared that he had at Bagshot, "a а ruinous messuage with a small garden, 80 acres of arable land, 8 acres of pasture land, and 20 acres of wood, &c., valued at 21. 4s. 4d., and held of the Lordship of Stanwell, by Castle-guard, at the Castle of Windsor." 10 For an account of the particular services to the crown enjoined by the grant, see Hundred of Woking, p. 284.—The Bailiwick of Bagshot, the site of the manor, the park, and the house within the park, were exempted from the grant. BAILIWICK OF BAGSHOT. 463. After her decease in October, 1709, the Zouch property was sold by her trustees in 1715, to John Walter, esq. of Busbridge in Godalming; who, in the year 1719, and again in 1722, was elected a knight of the shire for this county. His son, Abel Walter, esq., who, under the sanction of an act of parliament, passed in 1748, had obtained a grant of the freehold of Bagshot, Woking, &c., disposed of those manors about four years afterwards to the trustees of Richard, Lord Onslow; and they are now the property of his descendant, the present Earl Onslow. BAGSHOT BAILIWICK.-This bailiwick, called also the Bailiwick of Surrey, extended over the parishes of Windlesham, Egham, Chertsey, Thorpe, Chobham, Bisley, East and West Horsley, Byfleet, Pirford, Stoke, Woking, Worplesdon, Wanborough, Ash, and Frimley, and the tithing of Tongham in Seale." Henry the Fourth, by letters patent, in his 11th year, gave to John Hargreeve, for life, the office of bailiff of Bagshot in the forest of Windsor, with the profits, &c., and a fee of sixpence a day, paid by the sheriffs of Oxford and Berks; and he had a confirmation of the grant in the first year of Henry the Fifth." Henry the Sixth, in the 22nd year of his reign, gave the office to John Jenyn and Richard Ludlow, serjeants of his cellar, and to the heirs males of the latter for ever; but this grant was recalled on the accession of Edward the Fourth, who in his first year, by letters patent, bestowed the office for life on Edward Kingdon; and Thomas Rede, also, had a grant to the same effect." Henry the Eighth, in 1527, constituted Sir William Fitz-William and Sir Anthony Brown, bailiffs, by a writ of privy-seal. There was anciently a Chapel at Bagshot, which, according to traditional report, was situated in the middle of the village, on the side of the road leading to Chobham, and not far from the great western road passing through this place from London. Presentations. to the benefice were formerly specified in the following terms-" ad Rectoriam de Windlesham, cum Capella de Bagshot"; but the latter is now omitted. In 1515, John Rosyer, innkeeper, gave to the chapel of Bagshot a torch, price 3s. 4d.; and bequeathed 13s. 4d. from land at Finchamsted towards the support of a priest for the chapel, and 6s. 8d. for repairing it. Aubrey says there was a chantry at Bagshot, which belonged to the Freemantles, who gave name to a manor here; but it was prin- "Queen Elizabeth granted to the inhabitants of these places an exemption from purveyance, and liberty to cut coppices, to induce them to preserve the deer; and James the First renewed the grant in the fifth year of his reign.-Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. p. 85. 12 CALEND. ROTULOR. PATENT. pp. 256, and 261. 13 Id. p. 300. 464 HISTORY OF SURREY.-WOKING HUNDRED. 15 14 cipally endowed, if not first founded, by Robert Hulot, or Hughlett, who held that manor in the time of Edward the Fourth; in the 22nd year of whose reign a guild or fraternity was founded at this place.' According to the return of ecclesiastical commissioners appointed in the second of Edward the Sixth, to make inquisition concerning chantries in Surrey, Hughlett's chantry was founded for the main- tenance of one priest in the chapel of Bagshot; and the property belonging to it consisted of lands valued at 67. a year; plate, 51 oz. worth 25s. 44d.; ornaments, 6d. ; and bells, 26s. 8d. According to Aubrey, the King's Arms inn was the chantry-house; and that inn, which still subsists under the same sign, has an appearance of antiquity at the back part. Queen Elizabeth, by letters patent in 1560, granted the chantry property to Thomas Reve and George Evelyn; and it afterwards came into possession of Sir John Evelyn, already mentioned as the owner of the manor of Fosters. Since that time, the Free- mantle estates have had many possessors, and been variously divided." Bagshot, which was very recently noted as a posting town, and regarded as a place of some importance, is situated on the great western highway; but its trade has been entirely ruined by the opening of the Southampton and Great-western railroads, and more than half the houses, which were principally occupied as inns and public-houses, are now untenanted. There were, formerly, thirty stage-coaches passing daily through the village; and the number of travellers, guards, coachmen, horse-keepers, &c., by whom it was thus frequented, rendered it a scene of continual bustle and animation ; but every coach has been taken off the road; and a most deplorable depreciation of property has, in consequence, taken place. This is one of the melancholy results arising from the extension of our rail- roads; and a similar fate is impending over almost every town and village on the Bath road, which must inevitably be deprived of every advantage attending the transit of goods and passengers by the recent opening of the Great-western railroad. There is a neat Chapel of ease at the upper end of the village; and the Independents, Baptists, 14 Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. p. 85. 15 Id. 16 In the seventeenth century, and perhaps earlier, a moiety of the manor belonged to the family of Atfield, or Field. On the 29th of March, 1660, a court baron was held in the names of Robert Field, clerk, and Daniel Mower, fermer of the heirs of James Lynch. In 1683 the death of James Atfield is presented; and that John was his son and heir. The Fields had a moiety of Hall Grove, which was sold to Mr. Mountagu; and by him, to Mr. Ragette. In 1694, a court was held in the name of James Field, gent. lord of one moiety, and of John Hart and Edward Greentree, lords of the other moiety. In 1705, a court was held in the names of Hart and Greentree, and the feoffees of James Field, deceased.-Manning, SURREY, vol. iii. Additions, p. clxii. BAGSHOT SHEEP ;—AND PARK. 465 and Wesleyans, have each a place of worship here. The immediate trade of Bagshot is connected with employment derived from a large tan-yard. The neighbourhood of Bagshot was formerly celebrated for a breed of sheep, now apparently extinct, which were distinguished for the delicate flavour of their flesh; supposed to be owing to their feeding on the tender branches of the heath. Large flocks of these sheep used to wander over the extensive commons, which have since been generally inclosed; and some old men are still living who were employed in the sheep-shearing here, and recount with glee the festivities attending that rural occupation.-" The sweet, but little mutton hereabout," Aubrey says, "is taken notice of by travellers.” It is also stated by the same author, that Bagshot was formerly called Holy-Hull." Bagshot Park.—The custody of this park, which is a demesne of considerable extent, and is mentioned in records of very early date, had been granted to Henry Uvedale, esq.; and Henry the Eighth, in the seventh year of his reign, bestowed the reversion of it, by writ under the privy-seal, on Sir William Fitz-William, who was created Earl of Southampton. It afterwards reverted to the crown; and in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, its keeper had an annual fee of 51.¹ Several of our kings have occasionally resided here; and James the First not unfrequently occupied it, when hunting in this neighbour- hood; as did also his son, Charles the First. After the civil wars, it was disparked by order of the parliament; but again inclosed on the restoration of Charles the Second. 18 The Earl of Portland had a grant of Bagshot park from King William the Third; and Queen Anne gave it to the Earl of Arran, for his own life, that of the countess, and for the life of his sister, Lady Amelia Butler. After the death of the survivor, George the Third, in 1766, granted a lease of the park, with the offices of keeper and ranger, and a fee of 57. 6s. 8d. a year, to George, earl of Albemarle, and his brothers, Augustus and William Keppel, for ninety-nine years, if either of them should so long survive. Lord Albemarle was com- mander of the land forces at the siege and capture of Havannah, in 1762. On his decease in 1772, Bagshot park came into the possession of his brother Augustus, greatly distinguished as a naval officer, who held it until his death in 1786. The Duke of Gloucester, brother of George the Third, had next a grant of this estate; and was succeeded by his son, the late duke; since whose decease, in 1834, it has been held "' ANTIQUITIES OF SURREY, vol. iii. p. 212. 18 Peck's DESIDERATA CURIOSA, vol. i. p. 69. VOL. I. 30 466 HISTORY OF SURREY.—WOKING HUNDred. by her royal highness the Duchess of Gloucester, by whom it is occasionally occupied.—The mansion is an extensive building, erected at various periods, with more regard to convenience than attention to uniformity or architectural beauty. The park is pleasant; and there is a beautiful and extensive lake connected with it. The gardens and conservatories are objects of particular care; and the American garden has attained much celebrity from its luxuriance and variety of pro- duction. In the time of the late duke of Gloucester, this park abounded in pheasants, which were preserved for the special amuse- ment of his royal highness, who was very fond of shooting; but although still numerous, they have much decreased since his death. The Living of Windlesham, which is a rectory in the deanery of Stoke, is valued in the Taxation of Pope Nicholas at 87.; and in the King's Books at 10l. 9s. 7d., paying for procurations and synodals 7s. 1d. The advowson belonged, in the thirteenth century, to the prior and convent of Newark. In 1447, and again in 1466, William Skern and Robert Howlett presented to the living. The latter, doubtless, was the person who, under the name of Robert Hulot, had a release from the heir of Skern, in 1467, of the manor of Freemantle, and the advowson of Windlesham; and was, also, the founder of Hughlett's chantry at Bagshot. He did not, however, retain the patronage of the rectory, which had been settled in dower on Agnes, the wife of Robert Skern, who, surviving her husband, married Peter Curteis; conjointly with whom she presented in 1489, and 1493; and their right to the advowson was established, in opposition to a claim made by the prior of Newark. In 1588, John Attfield presented to the living, as patron; and he held a share, probably a moiety, of the manor of Freemantle; but Queen Elizabeth, who had previously granted the other moiety of that manor to Reve and Evelyn, retained or resumed the patronage herself; and the presentation has since belonged to the crown. Rectors of Windlesham in and since the year 1800.— EDWARD COOPER, A.M. Instituted on the 23rd of March, 1754: died in 1807. THOMAS SNELL, LL.B. Instituted on the 9th of November, 1807. The Church of Windlesham, dedicated to St. John Baptist, occupies the site of a preceding edifice which was destroyed by lightning on the 20th of June, 1676. Aubrey has given the following inscription, which he found "on two beams in the [former] church, written in red oker, in an old kind of court-hand:" "William Whitehill was maker of this werke: Pray ye for all the Werkemen of this precious UNIV OF } WINDLESHAM CHURCH. 467 Werke of this......... of Windlesham. Amen. Quod R. Marmion." He has, however, omitted the date, "which," he says, "being a very dark day, I could not discern."¹º The present church was erected in 1680; but there is a pointed arch over the south door, which appears to have been a portion of the ancient structure. It consisted of a nave, and small chancel, with a very common brick tower at the west end; but very important altera- tions and additions were made in the year 1838, under the direction of R. Ebbels, esq. architect, at an expense of 13797. 2s. 1d.; which was defrayed chiefly by liberal private subscriptions, and partly by means of grants from the Winchester Diocesan Church-building Society, and the Incorporated Society for promoting the Enlargement, &c. of Churches and Chapels." At that time, in addition to the nave and chancel, a new north aisle, or rather transept, was erected; which, on account of its size, may be almost regarded as the body of the church;—the plan of which, as thus altered, will be better understood from the subjoined cut. 4 At By this extension, two hundred and forty- six additional sittings were obtained; of which one hundred and seventy-six are de- clared free and unappropriated for ever. the north end of the transept is a large gallery, containing seats for the children be- longing to the Sunday schools, and for the At the front of the gallery is a neat poor. organ, recently built by Mr. Pilcher of Lon- don; the pipes of which are so divided, that those sitting behind it can see the pulpit. and pews in the nave." There is, also, a handsome gallery at the west end of the nave; and near the pulpit is a large pew, which was elegantly fitted up, with a fire-place, &c., for her royal highness the Duchess of Gloucester. The chancel is separated from the nave by a low arch, and has a flat ceiling, apparently cutting off the heading of the east window, which, within-side, appears to be square-headed, but on the exterior is seen to be pointed. This window consists of three principal lights, and has been ornamented with newly-painted glass, at the 19 ANTIQUITIES OF SURREY, vol. iii. p. 211. 20 The sum granted by the Winchester Diocesan Society was 150%; the Incorporated Society gave 100l.; and her royal highness, the Duchess of Gloucester, subscribed 2507. 21 When the pulpit was removed, on the enlargement of the church, there was found underneath a very old copy of Bishop Jewel's Defence of his Apology for the Church of England, attached to an iron chain. 3 02 468 HISTORY OF SURREY. -WOKING HUNDRED. expense of the Rev. Dr. James Allen Giles, F.S.A., by that in- genious artist, Mr. Thomas Willement. In the centre light is the figure of St. John Baptist, the patron saint; below which are the armorial bearings of the Duchess of Gloucester. The light on the right contains the arms of Queen Victoria; beneath which are those of the Rev. Thomas Snell, the present rector, viz.-Quarterly Sab. and Az. a Cross Patonce, Or. In the left division are the arms of the See of Winchester; and below it, those of the munificent donor, Dr. Giles, namely-Gu. a Cross betw. four uncovered Cups, Or, on a Chief of the last, three Pelicans, Sab. In the chancel is a tablet for Lieut. Col. Robert Hemington, of the first regiment of Foot Guards, who had been gentleman-usher to George the Second, and died in his eighty-sixth year, on December the 25th, 1757;-and another for Richard Birt, esq., who died in 1822; he had been a deputy-lieutenant and magistrate for the county of Hants upwards of twenty years. The nave and north transept are lit by square-headed windows; except the north end of the latter, which has a pointed window, of three principal lights, in the perpendicular style, with smaller lights above. The tie-beams and principals of the roof of this transept are filled in with open tracery, and supported by ornamental brackets on corbel heads. It is strength- The tower contains one large bell and a small one. ened by buttresses at the angles; and was adorned, during the late repairs, with eight handsome pinnacles. There is a clock on the west side; below which is a neat window, and an entrance to the church. A good National School has been established in this parish; sup- ported almost entirely by voluntary contributions, and affording education to about one hundred and twenty children of both sexes. There are, also, three Sunday schools. The Registers of Windlesham are extant from the year 1677, but are not entirely perfect. The glebe-lands amount to about eighty acres. Several small benefactions have, at different times, been made to this parish; of which a brief account is inscribed on a table placed up in the church. It commences with the donation of Mr. Henry Smith, originally made in 1620; and the portion of whose charities assigned to Windles- ham now amounts to about ten pounds per annum. In 1669, Jonathan Polewheele, clerk, and others, demised for the repairs of the church, the rents for ever, of some arable lands in this parish." In 1754, 22 What is now called the Church Land consists of three acres and two roods; of which three roods, called Ben's-Platt, are situated near the church; the remainder lies at the north end of Bagshot green. The annual rental of this property (the origin of which, in the Commissioners' REPORT, is said to be unknown,) is about fifteen pounds. CHARITABLE BENEFACTIONS. 469 George Chewter, gent., devised a rent-charge of five pounds, annually, to be laid out in bread; of which, 25 shillings worth is distributed in the church to the poor parishioners, on the first Sunday after every quarter-day. Lady Amelia Butler, in 1757, gave 100l. towards erect- ing the Pest-house, at Windlesham, which is situated near the old poor-house, and contains four rooms on the same floor." In Septem- ber, 1804, the Rev. Edward Cooper bequeathed stock to the annual amount of 51. 5s. for the education of poor children; and in con- sequence, after his decease in 1807, the sum of 175l., 3 per cent. consols, was transferred to the Rev. Thomas Snell, rector of this parish; by whom it is applied in aid of the National School, which has been previously noticed. In February, 1809, the dividends arising from the sum of 1007. in the 5 per cent. Bank annuities, were be- queathed by Mrs. Eleanor Strange for the purchase of wearing apparel “for the use and comfort of six poor widows, resident in and belonging to this parish." The clothing thus provided, is distributed annually at Christmas, in conformity to the will of the donor. WINDLESHAM RECTORY. 23 In the FURTHER REPORT of the Commissioners for Inquiry concerning Charities, p. 705, it is stated that the Pest-House, with about three acres of land, is let by the parish officers at an annual rent of eleven pounds, "the tenant being bound by the agreement to reserve one apartment for the reception of parishioners or wayfaring poor, afflicted with the small-pox or other infectious disease." 470 HISTORY OF SURREY.—WOKING HUNDRED. The present RECTORY HOUSE at Windlesham, which is of brick, in imitation of stone, was built in 1840; the expense being defrayed with money borrowed from Queen Anne's bounty. It was erected from designs by Mr. R. Ebbels; and its architecture is in strict accordance with the recent alterations of the church. The gables are ornamented, and the windows are square-headed, with arched casements and labels around the windows. There is a new and very convenient road, connecting Windlesham with Bagshot; and on this road is an old square building, formerly used as the workhouse, but part of which is now occupied as an Engine-house. Adjoining it are six Alms-houses, which are distin- guished by the following inscription :-"These Houses were built by James Butler, esq., late an officer in the navy, at his own expense, in the year 1761, for three poor Widows, and three poor Widowers." Besides Bagshot Park, there are several elegant seats and ornamental villas in this parish; the most conspicuous of which are, HALL GROVE, the seat of Thomas Dumbleton, esq.; WOODLANDS, of James Fyler, esq.; ERLWOOD, of Colonel Sir Edmund Currey; LARCHMONT, of the Rev. J. C. Lucena, in whose grounds is a small lake; WINDLESHAM HOUSE, of Vice-admiral Sir E. W. C. R. Owen; and the CEDARS, of the Rev. Thomas Snell, in whose garden there is a remarkably-fine deciduous cypress tree, about seventy feet high. On the right of the western road, about a mile from Bagshot, is WINDLESHAM HALL, the seat of the Rev. Dr. Giles, the donor of the eastern window in Windlesham church. This is a new and handsome building in the Tudor style of architecture: it is constructed of red brick, with stone dressing, and is intended to be enlarged by wings. The gable is remarkably lofty; and in the great-hall window, which rises to the roof, is a stained-glass compartment, by Willement; including figures, arms, and badges. The extensive and dreary-looking tract of land called Bagshot Heath, which forms a considerable part of this and several adjacent parishes, had for many ages been regarded as too poor for cultivation, and scarcely served for any other purpose than that of furnishing turf for fuel.24 But modern improvements in husbandry have wrought a great change both in the face of the country and the productions of the soil. The ground to the north-east of the turnpike road leading to Hartford bridge was formerly a peat-moor; from which hazle-nuts, 24 In a License to alienate ten acres of land in this parish to the Prior and Convent of Newark, in the 32nd year of Edward the Third, the return is, that they were held of the Prior, doing suit at his court at Send, and were worth one halfpenny an acre yearly, and no more, because the land was Heath, lying next the King's Forest of Colyngrigg.'— See Manning's SURREY, vol. iii. p. 81. IMPROVEMENTS OF BAGSHOT HEATH. 471 and small-sized trunks of oaks, were not unfrequently dug up. It was then common land; but some inclosures took place, and the moor was subsequently converted into a nursery-ground. One of the earliest attempts to raise wheat in this district was made about the middle of the last century; and the success attending it excited much surprise. It was accomplished by using chalk as a manure; then sowing the land with clover seeds, and ploughing in the green crop the following season: the beneficial effect of this preparation is said to have lasted for several years. Improved methods of cultivation have, however, resulted from modern science; and extensive tracts have been rendered productive, which in former times were supposed to be utterly irreclaimable. The soil is, in general, of a black and sandy description, and requires a great quantity of manure to render it efficient for agricultural purposes. Beneath the black sand which, in general, covers the ground, there usually occurs a very hard iron rust, or thin stratum of oxide of iron; and below that, a blue sandy clay. When the common land is broken up for cultivation, it is necessary that the stratum of iron rust should be broken through, and the subsoil of blue clay raised to the surface, and mixed with the superficial black sand; and from the soil thus formed tolerable crops may be obtained. This process, which is termed trenching, is very expensive; but it is indispensably necessary; for as long as the iron crust remains unbroken, the land is almost impervious to moisture, and consequently unproductive; and as the common land, in its original state, could be bought at a cheap rate, the purchaser could the better afford to lay out money in improving it. Formerly, abundance of stable-dung could be procured from Bagshot, where a great number of post and coach-horses were kept; but on account of the formation of the South-western Railroad, which has almost destroyed the trade of that place, the horses have been sold, and that kind of manure has become extremely scarce and expensive. Lime and chalk are also used as manures; but as these articles are brought from Guildford, twelve miles distant, the cost of conveyance is considerable. The chief agricultural products are, wheat, barley, oats, and rye; and the soil is well adapted for the growth of potatoes. It is also extremely suitable for the cultivation of American plants; as the rhododendron, azalia, kalmia, &c.; with the finest specimens of which, most of the gardens in the neighbour- hood are stocked: and there is a very celebrated American garden within the demesne of Bagshot park. There are many extensive and thriving plantations of larch and Scotch fir in this parish; the sandy soil being highly congenial to the 472 HISTORY OF SURREY. -WOKING HUNDRED. fir tribe in general. The heath (Erica) likewise flourishes in abundance; three or four species, or varieties, growing wild on the commons."5 The village, itself, has a very pleasant appearance, displaying an inter- mixture of forest trees with gentlemen's seats; but the uncultivated commons around look dark and dreary, except in the latter end of the summer, when the heath is in blossom, and the surface of the earth exchanges its gloomy covering for a rich and glowing robe of purple. There are several remarkably-fine forest trees within the parish. Win- dlesham abounds in cuckoos during the season of their visit to this country. The Flour-mill at Windlesham, situated on a stream, is a - very picturesque object. The Wells, in general, are about forty feet in depth; and in some, which are dug through a blue sandy clay, is a very offensive odour. One, sunk in a kitchen-garden, yielded water almost as nauseous to the taste as the famous Sandrock Spring, near Blackgang Chine, in the Isle of Wight. This water, the taste of which was compared by some persons to that of ink, was so offensive that it could be used only for watering the garden. There are other wells, also, the water of which has a strong chalybeate flavour. In most of the little streams in the parish, the water deposits a dark ochreous sediment, which betrays the nature of the soil through which it passes. There are gravel-pits in Windlesham, furnishing excellent material for the roads and walks through the parish, which are kept in fine order; the gravel becoming hard in a short time after it is laid down: a good sand-pit, also, is open for the supply of the parishioners. These pits have evidently been worked for a long period. 25 Aubrey mentions as growing, in great plenty, at Light-water moor, the Gale, Dutch Myrtle, or Sweet Willow, (Myrtus Brabantica,) an odoriferous plant, having a scent like a mixture of bay and myrtle.-ANTIQUITIES OF SURREY, vol. iii. p. 212. END OF THE FIRST VOLUME. DORKING: PRINTED BY AND FOR ROBERT BEST EDE. Ender to the First Volume OF THE → TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Abbecroft, William de, gives Abbecroft, &c. to Waverley Abbey, 458. Abbot, GeorgE, archbishop of Canterbury, his Monument described, 333; Memoir of, 334-342; his intolerance, 337; Fac-simile of his Autograph, 338; his Hospital at Guildford founded, 339; kills Peter Haw- kins by accident, ib.; his death and charac- ter, 341; his birth-place, 342; his charitable benefactions to the town of Guildford, 367. Abbot, Robert, bishop of Salisbury, Memoir of, 390-92. Abbot, Sir Maurice, an eminent merchant, and brother to the Bishops Abbot, Memoir of, 392-3. Abergavenny, Lady Joan, 311. Abinger, Lord, 379. Aboriginal Inhabitants of Britain, 2. Advowsons, vested in lords of manors, 270. Albemarle, George, earl of, 465. Albert Durer, said to have designed the painted windows of Abbot's Hospital, 363. Albury, a supposed Roman temple at, 20. Aldersey, William, esq. purchases Stoke manor and mills, 443; improves the park, ib.; buys Stoughton Gardens, 447; gives an Organ to Stoke Church, 449; his Monument, 453. Aldersey, Mrs. Harriet, 444; and note 14, ib. Agricola, a Roman commander, 11; the roads of Britain improved under his govern- ment, 12. Agriculture and Horticulture of Surrey, 201, 212, 240. Agricultural Associations in Surrey, 214; Surrey South-western ditto, 387-8. Agricultural machines, 239. VOL. I. Aguillon, William de, 320. Alfred the Great, his claim to the division of counties rejected, 242. Alfred, son of King Ethelred, murdered by Earl Godwin, 287. Allen, Arthur, 332. Alresford, in Hampshire, 397. Alsager, Capt. Richard, M.P. for Surrey, 283. American Garden at Bagshot Park, 466, 470. American Plants, fine specimens of, at Win- dlesham and Baghot, 470. Amicius, archdeacon of Surrey, 258. Ammonite, or Snake-stone, its appearance in the chalk formation, 153. Ancalites, a tribe of Britons named by Cæsar, 5. Andred's-weald, the "mighty wood" of the Britons, 26. Annandale, John Murray, earl of, 459. Anne Boleyn, her trial and execution, 99; her portrait at Loseley, 420. Anstie-Bury, a Roman camp at, 20. Arable Land in Surrey, 215. Archdeaconry of Surrey, its extent and value, 257. Ardaoneon, of the Geographer of Ravenna, supposed to be Guildford, 285. Armada, the Spanish, its abortive attempt on England, 49. Arms of the Corporation of Guildford, 318. Arminianism, opposed by Archbishop Abbot, 336. Arran, Butler, earl of, 465. Artington, the hamlet of, a part of the town of Guildford, 285. Artington; see Ertindon. Artesian Wells, their nature explained, 133. 3 P INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Arundel and Shrewsbury, Roger de Mont- gomery, earl of, 409–410. Arundel and Surrey, Earls of, 88. Earl of, the sole title now known to be enjoyed by tenure, 90. Arundelian Marbles, collected by the Earl of Arundel and Surrey, 111. esq., 437. Ascough, Asgar, lands of, 457. ASH, (formerly Esse, or Asshe,) parish and manors of, including Ash, Henley, Cleygate, and Fermans, 422-434; village described, 430; living, and rectors, 431; description of the church, ib.; sepulchral memorials, and rectory-house, 431-2. Ash Lodge, seat of W. Hammersley, esq., 432. Ashes, employed as manure, 234. Assizes, the Surrey, originally held at Lea- therhead, 313. Assizes, removed to Guildford, ib. Athelstan, crowned at Kingston in 925, 31. Atfield (or Field), Robert & James, (note 16,) 464. Attfield, John, 466. Aubrey, on the cultivation of hops in Surrey, 226. Aubrey, anecdote of Archbishop Abbot, re- lated by him, 334. Audeley, Major, his account of the defeat of the royalists at Kingston, 64. Aulus, Plautus, a Roman officer, 7. Austen, R. A. Cloyne, esq., 379. 2 Sir H. E., knt., ib. Joan, 393. Robert, esq. of Shalford, repairs St. Catherine's chapel, 406. Aylesbury Fair, 236. Ayling, Rev. Henry, A.M., rector of Trinity and St. Mary's, 354, 372; curate of Pir- bright, 438. Azor, gives the manor of Henlei, or Henley, to the Church, 423. Bacon, Dr. of Guildford, 400. Bagden-Farm, Roman coins found there, 20. Baggesete, Geoffrey, 461. BAGSHOT, descent of the manor, 461-63 ; bailiwick of, 463; chapel and chantry at Bagshot, 464; formerly a celebrated posting town, but now ruined by the railroads, ib.; Bagshot sheep, 465; Bagshot Heath, 470; methods of cultivation, and agricultural products, 470-72. Bagshot mutton, celebrated for its fine flavour, 208, 465. Bagshot Park, seat of the Duchess of Glou- cester, its respective owners, 465; described, 466. Bagshot, Roman antiquities found near, 20. Bagshot-Sand, its extent, character, &c., 130. Bailiwick of Surrey, formed a portion of the forest of Windsor, 193. Bainbridge, Christopher, archdeacon of Sur- rey, 260. Baker, Mr. John, 144. Baldock, Sir Robert, 405. Baliol, John, king of Scots, marries a daughter of the Earl of Surrey, 82. Ballad of "King John and the Abbot of Can- terbury," 302. Banelingham, Thomas de, 401. "Banners of the rogation," 272. Banstead, belonged to Hugh de Burgh, favour- ite of Henry the Third, 41. Barclay, Charles, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Bargate stone, its formation and locality, 149. Barons' Cave, the, (Reigate castle,) 147. Barthon, Philip de, archdeacon of Surrey, 258. Basset, Fulk, lord of Woking, 434. Basingstoke Canal, 187. Baughe, (alias Williams,) Thomas, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Beaconsfield, in Buckinghamshire, 445. Beardsey, Edmund, 445. Beauclerk, Aubrey W., M.P. for Surrey, 283. Becket, John, 408. Beckingham, Robert, founder of the Free Grammar school, Guildford, 369. Bedford Castle, besieged by Henry III., 292. Beech, the, indigenous to the chalky districts of Surrey, 204. Bees, kept in different parts of Surrey, 238. Belet, John, Michael, and Roger, owners of Bagshot, 461. Belin, Rev. Charles Joseph, A.M., 372. Beloe, Henry Parr, A.M., 354. Beloe, Rev. W., ib. Bendengs, Adam and Alice de, 402. Benefices of Surrey, a list of, with their in- cumbents, patrons, value, &c., 273. Bere, John de la, archdeacon of Surrey, 260. Berewell Court, in Kingston, granted with Stoke to Thomas Vincent, esq., 443. Best, Mr. Serjeant, 377, 378, 383. Beulah Spa, its mineral waters described, 190. Bibroci, a tribe of Britons named by Cæsar, 5. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Bibracte, a Roman station, supposed to have been at Egham, 19. Bicknell, Mr. J., 400. Bignor Park, Sussex, 450. Billingsley, Samuel, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Bingham, in Northamptonshire, 391. Birinus, converts the West-Saxons, 257. Birkbeck, Morris, esq., rents a farm at Wan- borough, 460. Birt, R. esq., deputy-lieut. for Herts, 468. Bishop's Cleve, in Gloucestershire, 390. "Black Book," the, belonging to the Cor- poration of Guildford, 293. Blackgang Chine, Isle of Wight, 472. Blackheath hundred, its ancient name, and former and present subdivisions, 248. Blake, Rev. R. P., 400. Blois, William de, 4th Earl of Surrey, 74. Blundr', Baldric, obtains charters for Bagshot, Windlesham, &c., 461. Bocumton, Geoffrey, or Stoucton, 441. Boleyne, Sybel de, 458. Bone dust, employed as a manure, 235. Bonfield, a mineral well there, mentioned by Aubrey, 192. Booker, Charles, esq., 317, 377, 383. Booker's Tower, Guildford, 386. Boscawen, Hou. and Rev. J. E., 269. Boulter, Hugh, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Bourn, the, a stream so called, described, 186. Bourn-brook, a tributary of the Wey, 169. Bowles, Rev. C. B., curate of Pirbright, 438. Box, the, its luxuriant growth in Surrey, 205. its superiority to the Box of France > and Holland, ib. Boycott, Thomas, esq., 397. Brabeuf, Geoffrey de, 402. Andrew de, 403, 404. Brabeuf, or Brabief, manor of, 402; its vari- ous owners, 402-3. Brabief House, seat of Major Wight, 400 ; described, 403. Branche, William and Joan de, 407. Sir Nicholas, ib. Bray, Sir Reginald, 306, 428, 430. Breaute, or Brente, Fulk de, 292. Bree, Mrs. of Ash Lodge, 432. Bretwalda, or Dominator of Britain, 27, and note 5. Briscoe, John Ivatt, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Britain, uncertainty as to its first colonizers, 2; the Celta, its earliest known inhabi- tants, ib.; invaded by the Romans under Julius Cæsar, 3; its political divisions at that time, 5; its condition under his succes- sors, 7; its subdivisions under the Romans, 9. British Antiquities, discovered in Surrey, 10. British tribes, the, enumerated by Cæsar, 5. their dissensions, 5, 9, 25. Brixton hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 249. Broc, Ranulph de, 401. Edeline de, 401-2. Brocas, Arnold, his tomb, 358. -, Bernard, rector of St. Nicholas, Guild- ford, 404, 405, 408. Bernard, of Horton Hall, 408. Pexall, knt., ib. , Simon, keeper of Guildford Park, 389. Bronescomb, Walter, archdeacon of Surrey, 258. Brompton, John, abbot of Jerveaux, 243; his chronicle, 287. Browne, Anthony, Viscount Montacute, 305, 428, 436, 459; made Bailiff of Bagshot, 463. Brownlow, Sir John, 396. Bruce, Robert, his insurrection, and vigorous opposition to Edward the First, 86; defeats the English, 87. Brym, or Bryme, John, rector of St. Nicholas, Guildford, 405. Brystowe, John de, 281. Budd, Richard Henry, esq., 444. Buckinghamshire, George, earl of, 397. Bugden, John Smith, his account of the fossils of Surrey, 123, Bull-baiting, introduced at Stamford, 294. at Guildford, temp. Edw. III., ib. > Bullen's-hill, at Stoke, 444. Bullen, Mr. John, 444, 447. Bulteel, John, his eulogy of Archbishop Abbot, 334. Bunce, Mr. his plan of the chalk caverns at Guildford, 329. Bures and Norton families, owners of Lose- ley, 410. Burley, Sir Simon, 321. Burnaby, Grace, widow of Vice-admiral, Sir William Burnaby, 453. ? John and Mary, 447. Burning to death for opinions on religion, in the reigns of Queen Mary and James the First, 44, 337. Bute, Marquis of, 397. Butler, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Lady Amelia, 469. 3 P 2 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Butler, James, esq., founds six alms-houses at Windlesham, 470. Bury-hill, near Guildford, 400. Bury-street, ditto, ib. Caerlaverock, siege of, 85. Cæsar, his first invasion of Britain, 3; his description of the inhabitants, 2, 3; second invasion, 4. his Camoys, Ralph de, keeper of Bedhampton, Woking, Sutton, and Bagshot, 462. Campeden, John de, archdeacon of Surrey, 259. Canals of Surrey, described, 187–189. Cantium, the ancient name of Kent, 3. Canute, King, digs a trench near London, 31. Carstone, found in the sand near Godalming, and provincially called Clinkers, 150. Carter, Francis, 322. Carthorpe, William, of Westwood, 402. Carver, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Cassi, a tribe of Britons named by Cæsar, 5. Cassivellaunus, his defence of Britain against Cæsar, 4, 5. Cattrik (or Catterick), John, archdeacon of Surrey, 259. Cawsey, Anthony, 346. Ceanlin, king of Wessex, 27. Cedars, the, seat of the Rev. T. Snell, 470. Celtæ, the, the earliest known inhabitants of Britain, 3. presumed to have been its first colo- nizers, 3. Cenimagni, a tribe of Britons named by Cæsar, 5. Chalgrove, in Oxfordshire, 445. Chalk Formation of Surrey, 137, 138: its supposed original character, 154. Chalk, its employment as a manure, 234. Chalk caverns, at Guildford, 329. Chapters, ecclesiastical, their constitution, 267. Charles I., proceedings taken in his favour by the inhabitants of Surrey, 60—66; natives of Surrey engaged in opposition to his cause, 68; occupied Bagshot Fark, 465. Charles II., his progress through part of Surrey at the Restoration, 62. Charcoal, mode of preparing it, 204. Charitable Institutions, Guildford, 369. Charter Island, erroneously stated to be the site of the enactment of the Magna Charta, 39; probably the scene of the treaty with Prince Lewis of France in 1217, 41. Cheapside Cross rebuilt, 335. Chertsey hundred, that of Godley so called, 252. Chertsey Monastery, founded by Frithwald about 666, 257. Chertsey, Abbots of, owners of the manor of Henley, 423; five manses at Henlea given to Chertsey Abbey, by Frithwald and Er- kenwald, its alleged founders, ib. Chewter, George, gent., 469. Chichester, the capital of the Regni, 7. Chichester, Suffridus, bishop of, 392. Child, Sir Robert, earl of Tylney, 429, 436. Chimney-piece, a curious one in the council- chamber at Guildford, 376; an elaborate one at Loseley, 421. Chobham, Roman coins found there, 20. Christianity introduced into Surrey, 256. Churches in Surrey, a list of their incumbents, patrons, &c., 273-279. Churchyard, the poet, a page in the service of the Earl of Surrey, 101. Cider-making in Surrey, 211. Civil war, temp. Charles I., participated in by the inhabitants of Surrey, 56; their petition in favour of the king, 57; proceed- ings thereon, 60-68. Clare, Honor of, 434, 435. Gilbert de, earl of Gloucester, 42. Clarendon, Lord, his character of Archbishop Abbot, 341. Claudius, his campaign in Britain, 7. Clay Formations in Surrey, 130, 132, 134. Clergy, the, levy troops to oppose the Spanish armada, 51. Cleygate, in Ash, descent of the manor, 429, 430. Cleveland, Duchess of, 462. Clifton, Richard, of Guildford, 422.' Climate of Surrey, 118, 213. Clinton, William de, earl of Huntingdon, 425. Clinton and Saye, Edward Lord, afterwards Earl of Lincoln, 430. Coal, ineffectual search for it at Slyfield, 156. Coates, Francis, R. A., 393. Cobbett, William, esq., M.P., 432. Cobham, chalybeate spring at, 192. Cobham, John de, lord of Littleton, 422. Cogidubnus, supposed chief of the Regni, 7; his name in an inscription found at Chi- chester, 8. Coit-Andred, the " mighty wood" of the Britons, included Surrey, 2. Coke, Lord, his integrity & independence, 338. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Cole, Rev. W. H., rural dean, 269. Collingley Ridge, in Frimley, a large barrow there, 434. Colwall, Daniel, 307. Elizabeth and Daniel, 459. Combe-hill spring, supplying Hampton-court palace, 192. Commissioners for Surrey (about 1649), names of, 68. Compton, Sir John, knt., 446, 449. Brigid, his daughter, ib.; her curi- ous epitaph, 450. Comyn, John, of Badenoch, 434, Concrete, its utility, 356. Conduit, built at Canterbury by Archbishop Abbot, 334. Conestable, Thomas le, 404, 405. Constable, W., his remarks on the Fuller's- earth of the county, 146. Cooke, John, esq., 317, 383. Cooper, E., A.M. rector of Windlesham, 466. Copthorne hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 250. Cork, Richard Boyle, first earl of, 394. Cornwallis, Cassandra, and Thomas and Francis, esqrs., 415. Cottington, Jas., archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Coulsdon, Roman remains at, 20. Courtenay, Henry, marquis of Exeter, 296. Counties, division of England into, 241. County court, its offices and jurisdiction, 246. Courts-leet, granted by royal charter, 247. Coutts, Thomas, esq., 397. Cowey-stakes, the supposed place where Cæsar crossed the Thames, 4. Cows, breeds of, kept in the dairy farms of Surrey, 236. Cowshete manor, in Pirbright, 437; family of Cowshete, ib. Creuze, John, esq., sheriff of Surrey, 453. Elizabeth Ann, wife of the preced- ing, ib. Crops, rotation of, on the different soils of the county, 218. Croydon, supposed by Stukeley to be the site of Noviomagus, 20. Croydon Canal, its purchase by the Croydon Railway Company, 189. Croydon, deanery of, 264. Croydon hundred, that of Wallington so called erroneously, 254. Crutched-Friars, a convent at Guildford men- tioned by Speed, 310. Crypts, ancient, High-street, Guildford, 330. Cuckoos, abundant at Windlesham, 470. Cundy, W. N., his scheme for a canal from London to Portsmouth, 188. Curteis, Peter, 466. Curthose, Robert, eldest son of William the First, 410. Custos Rotulorum, his appointment and func- tions, 247. Dale, Valentine, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Dalmahoy, Thomas, esq., 459. Danes, the, their invasion of Britain, 29; ravages in the southern counties, 31; conflict with the Saxons under Edmund Ironside, ib. Danhurst, Robert, esq., 403. Daniel, Margaret and Ralph, 412. Dansey, Rev. William, (author of Hora Decanica Rurales,") on the formation of parishes, 265. Dapdune House, 400. David, Master, 401. Dawe, Rev. Dr. Edward, rector of Ash, 431. Dayrolles, Solomon, esq., 429, 436. Deaneries of Surrey, 264, 269; their origin, 264. De Foe, his remarks on the Swallows of the river Mole, 177. Delap, Colonel, (note 53,) 384. Denbigh, William, first earl of, 394. Denison, W. J. esq., M.P., 283, 383. Deol, or Dol, Hugh de, 410. Robert de, Joan and Margaret, ib. Devil's Highway, an ancient road, 17. Devil's Jumps, a group of hills on Frensham common, 150. Devil's Punchbowl, the, adjoining Hindhead, 151. Devon, Frederick, esq., (note 58,) 389. Digby, Lord, flees the kingdom, 55. Digges, Sir Dudley, 392. Dirleton, James Maxwell, earl of, 459. Dog and Duck, mineral well, 190. Domesday Book, described and characterized, 35. Donatives, how constituted, 271; a list of their incumbents, patrons, &c., 273. Donne, John, afterwards Dean of St. Paul's, marries Ann More, 413; disastrous con- sequences of his marriage, (note 25,) ib. Dorking, its geological characteristics, 148. Dorking hundred, that of Wotton, so called erroneously, 255. Dorking Fowls, 238 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Dorset, Mrs., her biographical notice of Mrs. C. Smith, 454. Down, Thomas Pope, earl of, 395. Down Farm, 400. Downs, North and South, 2. D'Oyley, Rev. G., LL.D., 269. Drain-tiles, used in Surrey, 214, 236. Drake-hill, now St. Catherine's hill, near Guildford, 405. Draper, Sir Christopher, alderman, 430. Drewitt, Thomas, sen. esq., Piccard's Farm, originates the Surrey South-western Agri- cultural Association, 387. Drummond, Henry, esq. of Albury, his pre- sents to the Literary Institution, Guildford, 386-7. Ducking, practised as a punishment for scolds, 297. Dudley, John, esq., 437. D'Ufford, Mons. Rauf, Justice of Ireland, (note 59,) 389, Dulwich, a mineral well there, 191. Durovernum, (Canterbury,) taken possession of by Cæsar, 4. Dysart, Countess of, 394. Dyson, Jeremiah, esq., purchases Stoke, 443 ; patronizes Dr. Akenside, ib. Dyson family, memorials of, in Stoke church, 455. Dynham (or Denham), Oliver, archdeacon of Surrey, 260. Ealdormen, governors of the Saxon shires, 244. Earls of Warren and Surrey, memoirs of, from the Norman Conquest to the reign of Charles II., with pedigree, 72—116. Earth-bourns, or occasional outbursts of springs in Surrey, 139. East Horsley, near Guildford, 404. Ebbels, R. esq. architect, erects St. Nicholas church, Guildford, 355; builds the new aisle, or transept, at Windlesham, 467. Ecclesiastical courts, their severity, and peti- tions thereon from Surrey, 69. Ecclesiastical government of Surrey, 256. Edgell, Mr. Wyatt, examines the Roman roads near Silchester, 16-19. Edington, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 259. Edmund the First, crowned at Kingston in 940, 31. Edmund Ironside, crowned in 1016, 31; his gallantry, 32. Edred, crowned at Kingston in 948, 31. Edward the Elder, crowned at Kingston in 900, 31. Edward the Martyr, crowned at Kingston in 975, 31. Edward the First entertained at Reigate castle by the Earl of Surrey, 81; his obnoxious proceedings by Quo Warranto opposed by the Earl, 82; his wars with Scotland, 82-86; his combat with the outlaw Gur- dun, 303. Edward the Second, defeated in Scotland, 87; deposed, ib. Edward the Third, his grants to the inhabi- tants of Guildford, 313; consequences of his anger in being compelled for want of money to make a truce with the French, 426-7; buys the manor of Henley, and en- larges the park there, 427. Edward, the Black Prince, 435. Edward the Sixth, his portrait at Loseley, 420. Edwin, crowned at Kingston in 955, 31. Effingham hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 250. Egbert, king of Wessex, subdues the Hept- archy, 29; erroneously supposed to have been the first king of Britain, ib. Egerton, Lord Chancellor, 359, 413. "6 Egerton Papers," published by the Camden Society, 337. Egham, supposed site of Bibracte, 20. Eldridge, Bryan, 449. Elizabeth, Queen, associations in Surrey and elsewhere to preserve her life, 46; her measures in opposition to the Spanish in- vasion, 48, 49; her lenity to the Duke of Norfolk, 108; her curious verses, (note 69,) 109; visits Loseley, 411; arrangements for her reception, (note 21,) 412. Eleanor of Provence, 306. Elgiva, or Emma, 2nd wife of Ethelred, 31. Eliot, Rev. L. W., A.M., 269. Elkins, William, esq., 377, 383. Edmund, esq., 322. W. E., 383. Ella, founds the South-Saxon kingdom in 491, 27; is chosen Bretwalda, or Dominator of Britain, ib. Elmbridge hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 251. Elsted, near Godalming 453. Elwes (or Elwayes), Sir Gervase, 413. Emlyn, Mr. W. O., 400. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Emma, Queen, her alleged participation in the murder of her son, 289. Epsom, mineral springs there, their reputa- tion, and chemical composition, 132; dis- covery and properties of its mineral waters, 189. Erlwood, seat of Colonel Currey, 469. Ermyn-street, intersects a part of Surrey, 12; its different branches, 13, 15; route of its principal branch, 14. Ertindon, manor and tything of, 401; descent of the manor, 401-2; estate of the nunnery of Wherwell in Ertindon, 409. Escuage, a tribute in lieu of military service, 45. Esturmi (or Stourmy), Henry and Agnes, 403. Ethelred the Second, or the Unready, crowned at Kingston in 978, 31. Etymology, the names of the towns in Eng- land chiefly Anglo-Saxon, 3; hills, forests, &c. generally Celtic, ib. > of the name of Surrey, 117. Eugenius, Pope, confirms the grant of Wan- borough to Waverley Abbey, 458. Evans, William and Ann, 446. Eversfield, John, Thomas, & Elizabeth, 309. Evelyn, George, esq., 461, 464. Thomas, esq., ib. Sir John, ib. Ewell, deanery of, 264. Ewell River, its source and route, 186. Exeter, Thos. de Brantingham, bishop of, 389. Exeter, Walter Stapleton, bishop of, 404-5 ; made keeper of Henley park, 424. Falkirk, battle of, 85. Farnham, supposed site of Vindomis, 20; its geological characteristics, 150. Farnham Castle, occupied by the royalists, 56; its fortifications demolished 57. Farnham hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 251. Faulconbridge, the Bastard, attacks London bridge, 43. Fairs, granted to the town of Guildford, 313. Fairfax, General, takes possession of South- wark, 58; addresses the Parliament from Kingston, 60. Fay, Ralph de, 409. Fee-farm rents, granted to the town of Guild- ford, 311, 314. Fermans, or Formans, manor of, in Ash, 430. Feudal tenure of lands, introduced by William the Conqueror, 34; described and illus- trated, 44. Fielding, Lady Elizabeth, Countess of Guild- ford, 394. Filmer, E. D., 317. Finch, Earl of Nottingham, Lord Chancellor, 395. Finnimore, B. K., esq., 317, 400. Firestone, or Reigate stone, its character, localities, &c., 138, 140; quarries near God- stone, Merstham, 141. Firm, or farmed rents, of Guildford, one-third granted to the Earls of Surrey, 311; re- mainder to Margaret, queen of Edward the First, ib. Fish-ponds, in the heaths of Surrey, 200. Fitton, W. H. (M.D.), his "Memoir on the Strata below the Chalk," 125, 142, 143. Fitz-Alan, the family of, (Earls of Warren and Surrey,) memoirs of, 88-91. Richard (9th Earl), 88. Richard, his son (10th Earl), 89; his services at sea, ib. ; beheaded, ib.; his attainder afterwards re- versed, 90. Thomas, his son (11th Earl), 90. Elizabeth, his sister, and John Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, her great- grandson, (12th Earl), 91. Fitz-Hamon, Robert, Lord of the Honor of Gloucester, 410. Fitz-William, Sir William, made bailiff of Bagshot, 463. Flambard, Ranulf, 291. Flaxman, R. A., his monument of William Aldersey, esq., at Stoke, 453. Fleming, Francis, 445. Flint and Chalk, strata of, in Surrey, 139. Floricultural and Horticultural Association, Guildford, 388. Forest districts of Surrey, their formation by Henry the Second, 193. Forest trees of Surrey, their cultivation, 201. Forest, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 260. Fossils, list of, in the tertiary formations of Surrey, 135; in the chalk formation, 152; in the wealden formation, 158. Foster, Messrs. George, 383. Fountaine, William, 346. Fowler, William, (secretary to Queen Anne of Denmark,) his verses upon a Horologe at Loseley, 420. Fox, Charles James, 397. Fox, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 261. Frankland, J. H. esq., 378. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Frank-pledge, the system of, enforced by Alfred the Great, 244. Frans, near Tunbridge, 453. Fraser, Rev. Wm., curate of Pirbright, 438. Frederick, Sir John, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Free Grammar School, Royal, Guildford, ac- count of, 369-372. Freke, Henry, 354. Freemantle, manor of, 466. French, John, esq., 377, 383. Friary, at Guildford, 306. Frimley, in Ash, a distinct Chapelry, 432; descent of the manor, ib.; description of the chapel, 433; village, ib. Frimley, Roman remains at, 20. Frithwald, sub-regulus of Surrey under Wul- fere, 28; founds Chertsey Abbey, 257. Fulham, Edward, A.M., 360. Fuller, Rev. Dr. Thomas, on gardening in the time of Charles the Second, 232. Fuller's-earth pits, in Surrey, 145. Furney, Richard, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Fytche, Elizabeth and Sir William, 414. Gang-days, the Rogation days so called, 272. Gardens of Surrey, 232. Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, 260. Garling, Mrs. Joseph, 383. Gate, the Saxon name for a street or road, 16. Gatesden, John de, 404. Gatton, Robert de, 292. Gatton (or Mankesey), Robert de, 401. Hamo de, 401, 402, 404. Gatton, Roman remains at, 21. Gauntlett, Helen, Susan, and Elizabeth, 461. Gaveston, Piers, the favourite of Edward the Second, his profligacy, capture, and sum- mary execution, 86. Gaynsford, the family of, 308. Gedding, Walter de, 424. Geldeford, Robert de, 388. Geological sketch of the county of Surrey, by Dr. Mantell, 121-164; former works on its geology noticed, 123. Geology, progress of the science of, 121. Geography of the county of Surrey, 117, 118, 121. Geraldine, the Lady, celebrated in the poems of the Earl of Surrey, 105. Gibbons, Grinling, chiefly used the wood of the Lime for his celebrated carvings, 210. Gibson, Edmund, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Mr. and Mrs., 383. Gild-merchant, 313. Gildeford (or Guldeford), Andrew de, 389; his services in Ireland, ib. (note.) Gildeford, Master Peter de, 388. Gildford, Henry de, lord-mareschal, 407. John and Gilbert de, ib. Giglis, Sylvester de, bishop of Worcester, murders Cardinal Bainbridge, 261. Giles, Rev. Dr. Jas. Allen, presents a painted- glass window to Windlesham church, 467; his arms, 468; his mansion described, 470. Glass, stained and painted, at Abbot's Hos- pital, 363; at Windlesham, 467. Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, earl of, 410. Clares, earls of, 434. Duke and Duchess of, owners of Bagshot park, 465, 467. Glover, Richard, author of Leonidas, 421. Glynne, Sir John, 429, 436. Godalming, its geological characteristics, 149. Godalming hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 251. Goderich Castle, Herefordshire, extorted from the Lady Elizabeth Talbot by the younger Spencer, 435. Godley hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 252. Godstone, mineral spring near, 192. Godwin, earl of Kent, his treacherous massa- cre of Alfred, son of King Ethelred, and his followers, 286. Goldsworth-hill, near Guildford, organic re- mains discovered there, 132. Gorges, Sir Thomas, 305. Sir Robert, 430. Grand Surrey Canal, 188. Grantley, Fletcher, Lord, 317, 322, 377. William, Lord, 377, 383, 400. Gras, Nicholas le, obtains a grant of free- warren for Littleton, 422. Grasses, cultivated in Surrey, 221. Gravel of Surrey, its character, 129. Greentree, Edward, (note 16,) 464. Grey, Hon. Thos. de, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Grose, Captain, his remarks on Guildford Castle, 325, 329. Guadiana, the river (Spain), its resemblance to the Mole, 176. Guernsey, Heneage Finch, Lord, 461. Guild-down, near Guildford, Prince Alfred and his followers seized there by Earl God- win, 288; land there inclosed for a park by Henry the Second. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Guildford, its geological characteristics, 148. -, deanery of, 264. . GUILDFORD, history of the town and borough of, 285—400; its situation, name, and ori- gin, 285; supposed to be the Noviomagus of the Regni, 21, 285; and the Ardaoneon of the Geographer of Ravenna, 285; named in the Will of Alfred the Great, 286; Prince Alfred seized, and his followers murdered there, by Earl Godwin, 287; how noticed in the Domesday Book, 290; was probably, at first, chiefly on the western side of the Wey, 291; its inhabitants assist at the siege of Bedford castle, 292; the king's mills detrimental to the inhabitants, ib.; wines kept and sold there by Henry the Third, 293; its representation in parlia- ment, ib.; bull-baiting at, 294; selected as the see of a suffragan bishop, 295; amuse- ments there, temp. Henry the Eighth, ib.; religious zeal of its inhabitants, temp. Ed- ward the Sixth and Charles the Second, 296, 298; visited by the plague, 297, 298; its wool trade, temp. Queen Elizabeth, 297; occasionally visited by monarchs, 298, 301, 304, 305; Charles the Second banquetted by the corporation, 298; the king's manor and palace there, 299–308; impositions on the Jews residing at Guildford, 299; lands held of the king by special services, 300; mere- trices, or mercenary women, attached to the royal household at Guildford, 300, 301; rivalry, in clothing their retainers, between King John and Archbishop Hubert, 301; Henry the Third's great-hall and chapel at Guildford, ordered to be painted, 302; his buildings, and stock there, 303; combat be- tween Prince Edward and Adam Gurdun, 303-4; descent of the king's manor and park, 305-6; the Friary, 306–308; the Poyle estate and manor-house, 308; the 'Spital, or Hospital, 309-10; one-third of the firm, or "farmed rents," granted to the Earl of Surrey, 311; the king's two-thirds granted to Margaret, queen of Edward the First, ib.; origin and history of the Cor- poration, 312-315; its constitution, 316; its principal officers in 1841, 317; bounda- ries of the borough, (note) ib.; arms and seals of the corporation, 318; maces and mayor's staff, ib. Guildford Castle, its antiquity and history, 319; Prince Alfred erroneously said to VOL. I. have been conducted to it by Earl Godwin, 320; taken by Prince Lewis of France, ib.; mentioned in ancient documents, ib.; used as a gaol, temp. Edward I., and since, 321; conveyed by James I. to Francis Carter, gent., 322; its descent to the present owner, ib.; its original and present appearance, ib.; the keep-tower described, 323; gateway in Quarry-street, 328; chalk caverns, near the castle, ib.; Crypts, in the High-street, 330; Trinity and St. Mary's parishes united, 331. Trinity Church, account of, 331-349; fall of the tower, 331; rebuilt, 332; described, ib.; its organ and font, ib.; monuments in the old church, 333; chantries in the old church, 345; church payments in 1509, 347; inventory of church goods in 1558, 348; parish register, 349. St. Mary's Church, its history and descrip- tion, 349-354; ground plan of, 350; chapel of St. John Baptist, in the north aisle, 351; curious fresco paintings, 352; St. Mary's chapel, in the south aisle, 354; galleries, organ, porch, and monuments, ib.; guilds, or fraternities, connected with the church, ib.; the register, ib.; list of rectors since 1800, ib. St. Nicholas Church, history and description of, 355-360; the old church taken down, 355; its foundation, 356; roof, windows, and organ, ib.; Loseley chapel, monu- ments, 357; advowson, register, rectory- house, and list of rectors since 1800, 360. Abbot's Hospital, history and description of, 360-369; the buildings described, 361; the chapel, its painted windows, &c. ib.; the "strong-room," 364; incorporation of its members, ib.; statutes of the original foundation, ib.; its endowments by Arch- bishop Abbot, 367; additional benefactions, 368; list of masters since 1792, 369; the master's oath, ib. Royal Free Grammar School, its foundation & endowments, 369; its original regulations, 371; the buildings described, 372; list of masters since 1800, ib.; verses commemora- tive of the founder, ib. (note); prelates edu- cated there, 373. Blue-Coat School, its foundation, endow- ments, and regulations, 373; school founded by Caleb Lovejoy, ib.; National and other schools, 374; other public charities, 375. 3 Q INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Town-hall, or Guildhall, described, 375; courts held there, 376; police of the bo- rough, ib. Mayors, high-stewards, and recorders of Guildford, 377; elective franchise, and par- liamentary representatives, 377-79; House of Correction described, salaries of its officers, & treatment of prisoners, 379-82; parishes in the Guildford Union, and ex- penditure for the poor in 1840, 382; Corn- market and assize-court, 383; cock-pit and theatre, 384; Guildford bridge, ib.; Fish- cross, (note 52,) ib.; Water-works, supplied from the river Wey, 385; paving, first com- menced in Queen Elizabeth's reign, ib.; Gas & Coke company, 386; Booker's Tower, its commanding situation, ib.; Societies for promoting Christianity, ib.; Literary and Scientific Institution, ib.; Mechanics' In- stitute, 387; South-western Agricultural Association, ib.; Floricultural and Horti- cultural Society, 388; Natives of Guildford, receiving name from the town, 388-89; other more eminent natives, viz.-John Parkhurst, bishop of Norwich, 390; Robert Abbot, bishop of Salisbury, 390-92; Sir Maurice Abbot, 392; John Russell, R. A., 393; Titles of Honour derived from the town, viz.-Elizabeth, countess of Guild- ford, 394; John Maitland, earl of Guildford, ib.; Sir Francis North, baron of Guildford, 395; Francis, second baron, ib.; Francis, third baron, and first earl, 396; Frederic, second earl, ib.; George Augustus, third earl, 397; Francis and Frederic, fourth and fifth earls, ib.; remarkable site of Guildford, and general description of the town, 398-9; Race course on Merrow downs, 399; Friary land, & curious inscription found there, ib.; Castle-house, 400; Villas, and principal re- sidences in the neighbourhood of Guildford, ib. Guildford Park Farm, 409. Guildford improved plough, 212, 240. Guilds, or fraternities, connected with St. Mary's church, Guildford, 354. Gurdun, Adam, an outlaw, his combat with Edward the First, 304. Hakewill, George, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Hale, Sir Matthew, (note 59,) 389. Halidon-hill, battle of, 87. Halifax, George Montagu, earl of, 396. Hall Grove, in Bagshot, 464 (note 16). Hall-motes, or manorial courts of the Anglo- Saxons, 245. Halsey, H., esq., 429, 436, 438; arms of, 439. H. W. R. W., esq., ib. Halvelord, family of, of Ash, 423. Hamelin Plantagenet, fifth Earl of Warren and Surrey, memoir of, 75. Hamilton, Duchess of, 459. Hamme, John de, 281. Hammersley, W., esq., of Ash Lodge, 431. Hammond, William, esq., 346, 445. Rev. H., curate of Pirbright, 438. Hardicanute, his death at Lambeth, 32. Harding, William, of Wanborough, 430. Hargreeve, J., esq., bailiff of Bagshot, 463. Harpesford, in Egham, 425. Harris, Rev. Dr. J., rector of Ash, 432. Mrs. Ann, sister of Dr. Young, ib. Mrs. Judith, sister of Dr. Harris, ib. Harrison, Robert, esq., 377. Hart, John, (note 16,) 464. Hascomb, Roman remains in the parish, 21. Hastings, battle of, 33. Hatch, Thomas, 447. Hawkins, Peter, accidentally killed by Arch- bishop Abbot, 389. Hay, Sir Alexander, 428. Haydon, Joseph, esq., 317, 377, 383. Thomas, 317, 383, 400. William, 383, 400. Ham, manor of, in Kingston, 394. Heaths and waste lands of Surrey, 198; Mr. Marshall's plan for planting them, 200. Heath at Bagshot, great improvements there effected by cultivation, 470-71; its little worth in the reign of Edw. III., 470 (note). Heathcote, Rev. G. Wall, rector of Ash, 431. Hemington, Lieut-Col. Robert, 468. Hendley, Mary and Sir Walter, 414. Henle, or Henley, family of, 423-4. Henley manor, described in the Domesday survey, 423; gives name to the family of Henley, 423-4; purchased by Edward II., 424; heriots, receipts, & disbursements, 425; granted in trust for Sir John Molyns, ib.; Robert de Holand captured in the park, ib. (note 6); park inclosed, and court-leet and other rights granted, 426; purchased with other lands by Edw. III., 427; keepers of the park, 428; descent of the manor through various hands, 428-9. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Henley Park, seat of H. W. R. W. Halsey, esq., described, 429. Henley, William de, sells the manor of Hen- ley (then held of the Abbot of Chertsey) to Edward the Second, 424. Henry the Second reproves the monks of Winchester for gluttony, 299. Henry the Third, his contests with Simon de Montfort, 42; his mills at Guildford, 292; his stores of wine kept there, and sold, 293; his residence at Guildford, 302. Henry the Seventh's chapel, built of Reigate stone, 141. Henry the Eighth, his divorce from Anne of Cleve, and marriage with the Lady Kathe- rine Howard, 94. Heptarchy, the Saxon, 242. Herbert, Philip, earl of Montgomery, 428. Hereford and Essex, Humphrey de Bohun, earl of, 458. Herman, Walter, chaplain of Ertindon, 405. Heylin, Dr., his remarks on Archbishop Abbot, 341. Higginbotham, James and Margaret, 454. Hilbury, a Roman entrenchment at, 21. Hillier, Nathaniel, esq., 456; buys Stoke mills, 448. Hills of Surrey, 118, 132, 139, 144, 151. Hindhead, its geological characteristics, 151. Hoare, Rev. C. J., A.M., 269. Hockley, Joseph, esq., 317, 377, 383. Hogsback, a chalk ridge appropriated by the Britons as a road or track way, 11; its geo- logical characteristics, 139, 149. Hoggs-mill river, its route, &c., 186. Holand, Robert de, his treachery, capture, and decapitation, 425 (note 6). Holland, the Earl of, heads an insurrection against the parliament, 62; is taken prisoner and beheaded, 66. Holland, Thomas, created Duke of Surrey by Richard II., 89; his title annulled by Henry IV., 90; beheaded, ib. Holland, Sir Thomas, 435-6. Holmbury-hill, Roman entrenchments at, 21. Holt Common, a medicinal spring there, 192. Honorius, Archbishop, origin of parishes at- tributed to him, 264. Hops, their cultivation in Surrey, 226. Horses employed in the farms of Surrey, 235. Horses ordered to be maintained for the public service by certain classes (temp. Henry VIII.), 47; remonstrance thereon from the men of Surrey, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 52. Horsley, his conjectures on the Roman in- vasion of Britain, 3, 4. Horsnaile, Thomas, 298. Horticulture in Surrey, 231. Hospital of St. Thomas, Guildford, 309. Howard, the family of, (earls of Warren and Surrey), memoirs of, 91–112. Thomas, created 14th Earl by Rich. III., 92. , > John, his father, created Duke of Norfolk, ib. Thomas, 15th Earl, 93; promotes the divorce of Katherine of Arragon, 94; his jealousy of the house of Seymour, 96; is arrested by Heu. VIII., ib.; released on the acces- sion of Q. Mary, 97; his death, ib. Katherine, his niece, married to Henry VIII., 95; her trial and execution, ib. Henry, his son, (Earl of Surrey by courtesy), 97–106; his marriage to Lady Frances Vere, 98; pre- sent at the meeting of Hen. VIII. and Francis I., ib.; lines from one of his poems, 99; knighted by Hen. VIII., 100; engaged in the French war, 101; his epitaph on Thomas Clare, 102; arrested and imprisoned in the Tower, 103; his trial and defence, 104; beheaded, 105; his poetical works, and pas- sion for the Fair Geraldine, ib.; his attributed visit to Cornelius Agrippa, 106. Thomas, eldest son of the poet, (16th earl), 106; his projected union with Mary, queen of Scots, 107; imprisoned by Q. Elizabeth, ib.; beheaded, 108; lines by Q. Elizabeth on his intrigues with Mary, queen of Scots, 109. Thomas, his grandson, (17th earl,) the earldom of Surrey restored to him by James I., 110; his taste & liberality, ib.; forms the Arun- delian collection of marbles, 111. Henry Frederick, his son, (18th earl,) ib. Thomas, his son, (19th earl,) ib. Henry, his brother, (20th earl,) ib. 3 Q2 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Howard, Henry, his son, (21st earl,) 112. descent of the present Duke of Nor- folk & Earl of Surrey, 112-116. Hoypesiort, or Hoppescoyt, owner of Bag- shot, 461. Hubbald family, proprietors of Stoke, 443. Edward, esq., 448. Hubert de Burgh, favoured by Henry III., 41; takes sanctuary at Merton Priory, ib. Hull, in Yorkshire, 394. Hulot, or Hughlett, Robert, esq., founds a chantry at Bagshot, 464; owner of the manor of Freemantles, 466. Hume, George, earl of Dunbar, 336. Hundreds, division of counties into, 241; in the county of Surrey, enumerated, 248. Hundredors, magistrates of the Saxon hun- dreds, 244. Hundred courts of the Saxons, 245. Hungerford, Robert, marries the heiress of William Lord Molines, 427. Hylaosaurus, the, described, 160; its remains. met with in the wealden of Sussex, ib. Iguanodon, the, described, 159; its bones met with in the wealden of Surrey, 158. Impressment of soldiers, in Surrey, in 1585, 48; of carriages and provisions for the royal service, 196. Inge, William, archdeacon of Surrey, 258. Inns and ale-houses frequented on Sundays, temp. Edward VI., 296; the practice de- nounced by an order of council, ib. Inventory of vestments, &c. used in Trinity church, Guildford, in 1558, 348. Isabel, countess of Warren and Surrey, 74. Isis, the river, joined by the Thame near Dor- chester, 165. Ive, Richard and Elizabeth, 445. Jackman, Thomas, 367. James I., his Commentary on Anti-christ, 391; founds a college at Chelsea, ib.; grants Bagshot, Woking, &c. to Sir Edw. Zouch, 462; occupies Bagshot Park, 465. James I. and his queen, Anne of Denmark, visit Loseley, 420; portraits of, 419. James II., removes the mayor and officers of Guildford, 315. Jenyn, John, serjeant of the king's cellar, 463. Jenyns, Bernard, of Fanne, 403. Thomas, ib. Sir John, knt., ib. Jessop's well, a mineral spring on Stoke com- mon, 191. Jewell, Bishop, his Apology found at Win- dlesham, 467 (note). Jews of Guildford, persecuted by Henry the Second, 299. John, King, signed Magna Charta at Runni- mede, 39; his submission to the papal legate, 441; his death, 40. Kemble, Henry, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Kemp, Joan, Robert, and Agnes, 403. Kempe, A. L., esq., his Loseley Manuscripts, (note 28,) 415. Sir Nicholas, knt., 364, 367. Kent, Elizabeth, countess of, 435. Edmund, of Woodstock, earl of, 462; his estates at Bagshot, ib. (note 9.) Joan, countess of, and wife of Edward the Black Prince, 462. John, earl of, ib. Kentish rag, stone so called, met with in the strata of Surrey, 144. Kenulf, appointed king of the West Saxons (including Surrey), 28; killed at Merton, 29. Keppel, Admiral Augustus, 465. Kew Gardens, sheep sold there, belonging to George the Third, 237. Kinelmeachy, Lewis Boyle, Viscount, 394. King, Edward, his remarks on Guildford cas- tle, 319-328. King's manor, at Guildford, 299. Kingdon, Edward, bailiff of Bagshot, 463. Kingston-upon-Thames, supposed by Dr. Gale to be the site of Thamesa, 21; Roman re- mains at, ib.; the place of coronation of the kings of Wessex, 30, 31; negotiation held there between Simon de Montfort and the son of Henry III., 42; the castle taken by the king's troops, ib.; insurrection there on behalf of Charles I., 54; Prince Rupert · defeated near, 56. Kingston hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 253. Knight, Rev. J., 355. Knights' fees, described, 44. Knighthood, conferred on 300 persons by Edward I. at Westminster, 86. Knights' service, tenure of land held by, 34. Knights of the shire, their duties and remune- ration in ancient times, 281. list of, for Surrey, 281-283. Knock-pynne, or Knock-penny, an office in the royal household, 304. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Knowles, Admiral Sir Charles Henry, his monument in St. Nicholas church, Guild- ford, 357. Kyngeston, Thomas, 345. Lad, Walter, made keeper of Henley, 424; extracts from his accounts, 425. Lake, Arthur, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Lambert, Rev. A. L., curate of Ash, 432. Lambeth Palace, plundered by the rioters under Wat Tyler, 43. Lancaster, Thomas, earl of, beheaded at Pon- tefract, 87. Thomas, earl of, (note 6,) 425. Henry, earl of, ib. Landowners of the county of Surrey, men- tioned in the Domesday Book, 35. Larchmont, seat of Rev. J. C. Lucena, 469. Laud, Bishop, 340. Laung, Matthew, archdeacon of Surrey, 261. Lawerd, or Lord, Robert, 448. Laurell, James, esq., 432. Lay-impropriators, 271. Lee, Anthony, esq., 317, 377. Edward, archdeacon of Surrey, 261. Rev. Harry, rector of Ash, 431. Joseph, 447. Leech, John, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Legate, Bartholomew, burned to death in Smithfield, 337. Leggatt, J., sen., 317. Leicester, Dudley, earl of, 411. Leigh, John, 402. Leith-hill, its geological characteristics, 148. Lennard, Frances and Sampson, 414. Level's Grove, a hunting seat, 399. Lewin, or Leofwin, son of Earl Godwin, 457. Lewis, Prince, invaded England in 1216, 40; seized Reigate, Guildford, and Farnham castles, ib.; concluded a treaty with the Protector Fembroke, 41. Lewisham, Viscountess Dowager of, 396. Lewknor, Elizabeth, 445. Leybourn, Roger de, 407. William and Thomas de, ib. Lilly, the astrologer, his account of the riot on the presentation of the Surrey royalist petition to parliament, 60; his notices of the Surrey insurrection, 63. Lime, or Linden tree, planted in the parks of Surrey, 210; used by Gibbons in his carv- ings, ib. Lime, its employment as a manure, 234. Limestones of the wealden, 156. Lingfield common, chalybeate spring, 192. List of manors in Surrey at the date of the Domesday survey, 248-255; archdeacons of Surrey, 258; parishes in Surrey, their incumbents, patrons, dates of institution, &c., 273-279. Littleton hamlet and manor, descent of, 421, 422; held by the service of finding a lodg- ing, &c. for the lord of the fee, 422. Livesay, E. G., 317. Live stock, on the farms of Surrey, 235. Livings in Surrey, tabular view of their value in 1831, 280. Locks, on canals, their introduction into Eng- land, 170. Lodge, Edmund, Mr., his memoir of Thomas, 15th Earl of Surrey, criticised, 93. London, Bonner, bishop of, deprived, 442, 445. Richard Clifford, bishop of, 445. Cuthbert Tonstal, bishop of, ib. Richard de Gravesend, bishop of, summoned to Guildford, 442. Simon de Sudbury, bishop of, 448. Wm. de Sancta Maria, Stoke manor granted to him and his successors, by King John, 441. London Bridge, its effect on the tides of the river Thames, 167. London clay, its characteristics, and distribu- tion in Surrey, 132. Long, H. L., his description of the Swallows in the neighbourhood of Farnham, 183. Lord-lieutenant, institution of the office of, 247; his functions, ib. Loseley chapel, in St. Nicholas' church, Guild- ford, described, 357. LOSELEY, seat and manor of J. M. Molyneux, esq., 409; descent of the manor, 409–415; account of the More & Molyneux families, 410-415; manuscripts at Loseley, (note 28,)415; pedigree of the Mores and Moly- neuxs, 416-418; arms, 418; Loseley park and house described, 419-421; portraits at Loseley, and verses upon a horologe of the clock, 420; particulars of the with- drawing room, 421. Lovejoy, Caleb, monumental inscription in St. Nicholas' church, Guildford, 357; his charity and almshouses, 380. Lowndes, Caroline Isabella, and William, 415. Loxley, Robert and Elizabeth, 403. Ludlow, R., serjeant of the king's cellar, 463. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Lumbard, Roger, M.P. for Guildford, 294. Lumsford, Colonel, committed to the Tower, 55. Lynch, James, esq., 461, 464. Lysons, on the horticulture of Surrey, 233. Lyss farm, Hampshire, 451. Mabank, George, 308. Maccartan, T., king of Ireland, (note 59,) 389. Magna Charta, its association with Surrey, 1, 39. Magwell, or Meg's-well, its medicinal pro- perties, 192. Maitland, John, earl of Guildford and duke of Lauderdale, memoir of, 394-5. Mangles, Francis, 400. Capt. C., 317, 400. R. D., ib. James, esq., M.P., 379, 383, 460. Mannevile, or Magnavile, Geoffrey de, 457. Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, 458; dispossessed of his castles, ib. Arnulf, or Ernulf, driven into ex- ile, 458. Geoffrey de, second earl of Essex, his inheritance restored by Henry I., 458. Manors in Surrey, held by William I. and others, at the time of the Domesday sur- vey, 35-38; division of manors in the time of the Saxons, 244. Manship, John, rector of St. Nicholas, Guild- ford, 406. Manucaptors, or sureties for the members of the House of Commons, 281. Manures used by the farmers of Surrey, 234. Manwaring, Sir Arthur, 409. March, Roger Mortimer, earl of, 462. Edmund Mortimer, earl of, 435. Mareschal, John le, 404. Margaret, countess of Richmond, 345, Marl, its employment as a manure, 234. Marmion, R., 466. Marshall, Mr., on the hop-country of Surrey, 226, 229. Martin, John, yeoman, 437. Martyr, John, esq., 377, 383. Mary, Queen, her intolerance & bigotry, 44. -, queen of Scots, her intrigues and con- spiracies with the Duke of Norfolk, 107. Mascal, Leonard, 232. Massingberd, Sir Henry, 447. Matilda, daughter of Henry the Second, a mark charged on every knight's fee on her marriage with the Duke of Saxony, 440-41. Maud, consort of King Stephen, 458. , the Empress, ib. Maunsel, Elias de, 320. Maxims, useful ones, (note,) 400. Maxwell, James, earl of Dirleton, 307. Mayne, Richard, 346. Maynwaring, Samuel, esq., 461. Mayor of Guildford, the title instituted by Henry the Seventh, 313. Meadow-land of Surrey, 222. Medway, the river, two of its branches rise in Surrey, 186. Merrow downs, race course there, 399. Merton, Kenulf, king of Wessex, killed there in 784, 29; 'the statutes of Merton' enacted there, 42. Mervin, Edmund, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Middleton, John, his notes on the "Mineral- ogy of Surrey," 123-4. Military service, tenure of lands held by, de- scribed and illustrated, 44. Militia regiments established throughout Eng- land in 1757, 70; opposed in Surrey and elsewhere, ib.; their numbers increased in 1809, 71. Millmead Cottage, Guildford, 400. House, Guildford, ib. Mills, at Guildford, 292; at Stoke, 443. Mineral springs in Surrey, 123, 189, 192. Mistelbroke, William, 430. MOLE, the river, noticed by poets, 171; its ancient and present names, 173; its source and route, 174; its apertures or swallows. described, and their peculiarities elucidated, 175-185. Molines, William de, last baron, 427. Molyneux, Cassandra and Jane, heiresses of the Loseley estates, 415. Ann Cornwallis, marries General Rainsford, 415. James More, possessor of Loseley, 402, 408, 415. James, M.P. for Haslemere, 415. Sir More, knt., succeeds to the Loseley property, 415. Sir Thomas, knt., 414. Colonel Sir Thomas More, M.P. for Haslemere, 415. Thos., monumental tablet of, 360. Sir More, and Cassandra his wife, inscriptions in memory of, 360. Sir William More, his wife and family, painting of, by Somers, 420. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Molyns, Sir John de, afterwards Baron Molines, 425-6; imprisoned and deprived of his estates, 427; sells Henley manor to Edward the Third, ib. Monogram at Loseley, of Henry the Eighth and Queen Katharine Parr, 411 (note 20). Montfort, Simon de, earl of Leicester, his re- bellion, 42. Moore, Daniel, esq., 461. More, Christopher, esq., purchases the manors of Loseley and Westbury, 410; made sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, and knighted, 411; his tomb, 358. Elizabeth, marries Sir Thomas Moly- neux, knt., by which the inheritance of the Mores was conveyed to his family, 414; her tomb, 359. Sir George, 307; biographical notice of, 412-13; visited at Loseley by James the First and his queen, 413: ap- pointed lieutenant of the Tower, ib.; his letters relating to the trial of the Earl of Somerset, ib. (note 23); his tomb, 358. Rev. Nicholas, rector of Fetcham, 414. Sir Poynings, bart, 414; his tomb, 360. Robert, esq., 414. Sir Thomas, lord-chancellor, his por- trait at Loseley, 420. Sir Wm., memoir of, 411-12; knighted at Pirford in presence of Q. Eliza- beth, 411; builds Loseley house, 411, 419; visited by the Queen at Lose- ley, 411, 446; his tomb, 359. Sir W., sheriff of Surrey in 1669, 414. Mores and Molyneuxs, of Loseley, pedigree and arms of, 416-418; various portraits of, 420. Mortimer, Roger, Earl, 435. Moulines, William de, ancestor of the Moly- neuxs, a Norman warrior, 414 (note 26). Mount Pleasant, Guildford, villa of James Stedman, esq., 400. Mountagu, Mr., 464 (note 16). Mowbray, John, duke of Norfolk, created (12th) Earl of Surrey, temp. Hen. VI., 91. Anne, his heiress, married to Rich. Plantagenet, duke of York, and (13th) earl of Warren, 91. Margaret, daughter of Elizabeth Fitz-Alan, her marriage to Sir Robert Howard, 91, 114. Mower, Daniel, 464 (note 16). Mudge, Margaret and Walter, 411. Murray, James, earl of Annandale, 307. Musters in Surrey, in the 16th century, 46. Newdigate, a medicinal spring in this parish, 192. Newland, William, esq., 317, 383; his cabinet of pictures, 394 (note). Newnham, William Moore, and Anne, 431. Niblett, Charles, esq., 383. Nichols, E., 317. Nott, Rev. Dr., his memoir of the Earl of Surrey, 97. Norfolk, the dukedom of, conferred on Thos. Mowbray, 89; borne in conjunction with the earldom of Surrey by the Mowbrays & their descendants, the Howards, 93, 111. Norbridge, Henry, founder of a chantry in Trinity church, Guildford, 345, 448 (note). Normandy Tithing, in Ash, 432; farm at, tenanted by Cobbett, ib. Norths, barons and earls of Guildford, memoirs of the, 393–397. North, Dudley, Lord, of Kirtling, 395. William, ditto, 396. > Sir Francis, 1st baron of Guildford, 395. Francis, ib. Francis, 1st earl of Guildford, 396. Frederic, 2nd earl, ib. George Augustus, 3rd earl, 397. Francis, 4th earl, ib. Frederic, 5th and present earl, ib. Northwode, Roger de, 402. Norton, Hon. G. C., M.P., 317, 377, 379. General, M.P., 378. Noviomagus, supposed to be Guildford, 21, 285. Nutfield, Roman coins found at, 21. Oak tree, a staple product of the clayey soil of the wealden of Surrey, 201; mode of propagating it, 202. Ockley, the Danes defeated in a battle there, 30. Odo, bishop of Baieux, 291. Ogle, Newton, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Oliver, Richard, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Onslow, Right Hon. Arthur, 308. Arthur George, (3rd earl of,) ib. Arthur, speaker of the House of Commons, his monument in Trinity church, Guildford, 343. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Onslow, George, Lord, 377, 383. Sir Richard, bart., afterwards Lord Onslow, 448, 461, 463. Mr. Serjeant, M.P., 377, 378, 379, 383, 384, 400. Colonel, the Hon. T. C., M.P., 378, 444. Hon. Thos., Viscount Cranley, M. P. 378. Orange Court, a farm at Littleton, 422. Oratory, or chapel, in the keep-tower of Guildford castle, 325. Orchards of Surrey, 211. Organic remains in the different geological formations of the county, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, 147, 152, 153, 157. Outbursts, or occasional springs, in Surrey, 185. Overbury, Sir Thomas, reference to his mur- der in the tower, 413, and note 23. Pagi, subdivisions of German districts so termed, 243. Paine, Mr., erects a saw-mill at Stoke, 448. Painswick manor, in Gloucestershire, extorted from Eliz. Talbot by the elder Spenser, 435. Paintings, ancient, in fresco, in St. Mary's church, Guildford, 352-53. Palmer, C. N., M.P. for Surrey, 283. John, the celebrated actor, as Comus, 394 (note). Palmer and Nichols, Messrs., Guildford, 400. Pandulph, the pope's legate, 441. Parishes, their origin, 264; attributed to Arch- bishop Honorius, ib.; and by others to Arch- bishop Theodore, 265; in Surrey, list of patrons, incumbents, &c., 273. Parkhurst, John, bishop of Norwich, memoir of, 390. George, ib. Sir Robert, 309; his monument, 344. Parks in Surrey, enumerated in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 53. Parliamentary representation, brief sketch of its history, 281; of Surrey, in ancient times, ib.; how affected by the Reform act, 282; of Guildford, in ancient times, 293; and in 1841, 317. } Parnicote, Robert de, rector of Ash, 427. Parochial visitations, provided for, 268. Parson, Henry and William, sepulchral me- morials for, and arms, 453; the founders of Stoke Hospital, 456. Parson, Rev. W. Henry, curate of Pirbright, 438; his residence described, 440. Pasture lands of Surrey, 224. Payler, Watkinson, esq., 447. Paynter, J. esq., patron of Stoke, 449. Rev. S., rector of Stoke, 400, 449. Peacock, Mr,, his stone quarries, near Guild- ford, 356. Pearson, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Rev. H. N., dean of Salisbury, 355, 360. Rev. W. H., 355, 360, 400. Peat, beds of, in this county, 123. Peckham, Roman remains at, 21. Peculiars of the archbishops of Canterbury, 257. Pedigree of the Earls of Surrey, 113. of the Mores & Molyneuxs, 416-418. Pembroke, Jasper, earl of, 429. Pend-hill, Roman remains at, 21. Perambulations of the parish boundaries, 272. Perceval, Hon. Capt. G. J., M.P. for Surrey, 283. Perpetual curacies, how constituted, 271. Petition in favour of Charles I., presented by the inhabitants of Surrey to the parliament, 59; procession and disturbances on the oc- casion, 60; proceedings of parliament with reference thereto, 61. Pexall, Edith and Ralph, 408. Sir Richard, knt., ib. Pharamus, or Faramuse de Bolonia, 458. PIRBRIGHT, parish and manor of, 434-440 formerly a part of Woking, 434; descent of the manor, 434-436; Torch-plat, and Lamp-plat, 436; borough customs of the inhabitants, 437; customs of the manor, ib. (note 10); living of, ib.; church de- scribed, 438-9; court-house, 440. Picard, or Piccard's manor, its successive owners, 407-8. Pilcher, Mr., builds the organ at Windles- ham, 467. Pipp-brook, a tributary of the Mole, 174. Pirford, Earl of Lincoln's garden there, 411. Piri, Pirifrith, Pirford, &c., 434. Plantagenet, the family of, (earls of Warren & Surrey,) memoirs of, 75-88. Hamelin, 5th earl, 75. William, his son, 6th earl, 76. John, his son, 7th earl, 78-85; his participation in the contests between Henry III. and the THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. barons, 78, 79; his conflict with the baron De la Zouche in Westminster Hall, 80; his op- position to the king's writ of Quo Warranto, 81; is defeated by Wallace near Stirling, 83; his death, 85. Plantagenet, William, his son, 85. John, his grandson, 8th earl, 86; his conduct in the Scottish ex- peditions, 86, 87; his estates in Surrey, 88. Alice, his sister, & Richard Fitz- Alan, her son, (9th earl,) 88. Richard, duke of York, created (13th) Earl in 1476, 91; mur- dered in the Tower of London, ib. Edmund, earl of Kent, executed, 435. Plashing, forest trees raised by an operation so termed, 202. Plastic clay, its characteristics, and distribu- tion in Surrey, 134. Playz, Hugo de, 409. Pliny, his notice of the use of marl in Britain, 234. Ploughing, in Surrey, 216. Ploughs used in different localities, 240. Pole, Cardinal, 295. Polewheele, Rev. Jonathan, 468. Polling-places for Surrey, 283. Polsted in Compton, and Catteshill in Godal- ming, purchased by Sir W. More, 411. Polsted, Henry, esq., 445, 448. Ponds, in the clayey and loamy soils of the county, 123, 189. Pontes, a Roman station, its supposed site, 19. Porter, Mr., engineer, of Guildford, 384. Poyle, manor of, at Guildford, 308. manor-house, & courts of the manor, 310. Cottage, 400. House, ib. Sir Thomas, knt., 409 (note 18). Poynings, Ann and Sir Adrian, 413. Pre-emption, right of, a prerogative of the crown, explained, 195; its exercise in Sur- rey, 196; its abolition, ib. Price, James, citizen of London, 454. Dr. James, memoir of, 454-5; affects to transmute mercury into gold and silver, ib.; his death by poison, 455. VOL. I. Prosser, Henry, artist, of Stoke, 353. Protestant Associations in Surrey, and else- where, in the reign of Elizabeth, 46. Purlieu of Windsor forest, the bailiwick of Surrey so considered, 195. Purs, Richard, of Worplesdon, 423. Purveyance, or Pre-emption, 195-6. Putney church, the officers of the parlia- mentary army hold council there, 59. Puttenham Heath, a sandy tract, 457. Puttock, Mr., his conjecture on the identity of Guildford with the station Ardaoneon, 285. Pyner, Captain, 400. Ragette, Mr., 464 (note 16). Rainsford, General Sir Charles, 415. Rand, John, esq., of Guildford, 377. Ranulf of Chester, 245. Ratcliff, Robert, earl of Sussex, 428. Reavill, Gregory, yeoman, 430. Rebus of the More family, at Loseley, 421. Rectories, their formation, 270; in Surrey, a list of their incumbents, patrons, &c., 273. Rectory-house, St. Nicholas, Guildford, 360. Red-hill, appearance of the Shanklin sand at, 147. Rede, Thomas, bailiff of Bagshot, 463. Reform Act, representation of Surrey altered by it, 282. Regni, the supposed inhabitants of Surrey at the time of Cæsar's invasion, 6. Regnum (Chichester), the capital of the Regni, 7. Reigate, the geological strata near, 147. Reigate hundred, its name, ancient and modern subdivisions, 253. Reigate Castle, the supposed scene of con- ferences between the barons (temp. John), 39; Edward the First entertained there by the Earl of Surrey, 81. Richborough, a Roman station, the reputed place of Cæsar's landing, 3. Richmond, section of the strata there, 137. a saline spring at, 192. > > Henry, duke of, (son of Henry the Eighth,) his friendship for the Earl of Sur- rey, 98; his marriage with Lady Mary Howard, 99; his death, 100. Rickman, Rev. Thomas, rector of Ash, 431. Ridding, Thomas, archdeacon of Surrey, 263. Rivers of Surrey described, 165-187; Thames, 167; Wey, 168; Mole, or Emley, 171; Wandle, 185; Bourn, Hoggs-mill, and Med- way, 186. 3 R INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Roads, or trackways, of the ancient Britons, 11; improved by the Romans, ib.; routes of the principal Roman roads, 12. Robert, archdeacon of Surrey in the twelfth century, 258. Robertson, Mr. Thomas, 390. Rokeby, William, archdeacon of Surrey, 261. Roman antiquities, discovered in Surrey, 8, 10, 20-22; in Sussex, 23. Rosyer, John, innkeeper, 463. Rous, Christopher, esq., 414. Rowe, Thomas, 464. Runnimede, or Runnymead, the scene of the enactment of Magna Charta, 1, 39. Rupibus, Lucas de, archdeacon of Surrey, 258. Rural Deans and Chapters, 267, 269. Russell J., prebendary of Peterborough, 448. Rev. John, 449. John, R.A., 332, 363; memoir of, 393. Mr. John, four times mayor of Guild- ford, ib. Samuel, esq., 354, 377, 383. Rev. Thomas, 293. William, of Guildford, 332. George (his son), ib. Lord Wm., M.P. for Surrey, 283, 395. Rutupensis (Richborough), a Roman station, 3. Sabbath, the, measures to enforce its strict observance, temp. Edward VI., 296. Sac and Soc, meaning of the terms, 244. Sainfoin, cultivated in Surrey, 221. Salts, Epsom, their chemical composition, 132. Sancto Mauro (or S. Mario), Peter de, arch- deacon of Surrey, 258. Sandfield House, 400. Sand, strata of, in Surrey, 130. Sandhurst, Berks, 460. Sandstone, loose blocks of, called the Grey Wethers, 131. Sandrock spring, near Blackgang Chine, Isle of Wight, its offensive odour, 471. Saunders, Susanna and Richard, 414. Saw-fish, the fossil tooth of one, found at Goldsworth-hill, 132. Saxons, form an alliance with the Britons against the Picts and Scots, 26; obtain the Isle of Thanet for their services, ib.; ex- tend their possessions in Britain, ib.; found the kingdom of Sussex, including Surrey, 27. Sayer, Thomas, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Scarlett, Hon. J. York, M.P., 317, 379. Scenery of Surrey, 118, 120, 147, 328. Schools, at Guildford, 373-4. Scotch Fir, extensively planted in Surrey, 207. Scutage, or tribute in lieu of military service, 45. Seals of the Corporation of Guildford, 285. Sefton, in Lincolnshire, 414. Earl of, and Viscount Molyneux, ib. Segontiaci, a tribe of Britons mentioned by Cæsar, 5. Seintleger, Sir Thomas, 428. Sele, Peter de, vicar of Wanborough, 459. Selenographia, or Model of the Moon, 393. Send, Roman coins found at, 22. Seneschall, the chief magistrate of Guildford so called, 316. Sequestrations, in Surrey, 57, 67. Shaftesbury, Lord, 395. Shanklin sand, 138, 143. Shaw, William, esq., 383. Shaws, small plantations so called, 203. Sheep, bred on the heaths of Surrey, 199; on the commons near Bagshot, formerly cele- brated, 208. Sherard, Margaret, heiress of Robert, esq., 415 (note 27). Sheriff's courts, of Surrey, 246. Sheriffs of Surrey and Sussex, 247. Shering, John, 437. Shire-pond, near Chobham, 170. Shrubb, J. P., esq., 400. Sburlock, Richard, esq., ib. Sibthorpe, Dr., 340. Sidney, W., esq., of Stoke D' Abernon, 410. Skern, William and Agnes, 466. Skerning, Thomas de, archdeacon of Surrey, 258 Skurray, Francis, esq., 383. Smallpeice, John, esq., 377. Messrs. George and Job, 383. G. S., and W. H., 317. Smith, Mrs. C., poet and novelist, memoir of, 450-454; address to her Lyre, 454. Smith, Henry, (alderman,) 309, 468. Henry, gent., of Peperharrow, 408. William, bishop of Lincoln, 345. Snell, Thomas, LL.B., 269; rector of Win- dlesham, 466; his arms, 467; and rectory, 468. Snellinge, Thomas, minister of Frimley, 433. Soil of the county, its character, 122, 213, 214. Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, 2nd earl of, 412. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Southampton, Sir William Fitz-William, earl of, 436, 459; obtains a grant of Wan- borough, Waverley Abbey, and other lands, from Henry the Eighth, ib.; 465. South-Saxon kingdom, founded by Ella in 491, 27. Southwark, Roman remains found there, 22. taken possession of by Fairfax, 58. , deanery of, 264. South-western railroad, fossils found during its construction, 135. Spanish invasion of England, in the reign of Elizabeth, 48; measures adopted in Surrey for defence of the realm, 49; its total de- feat, 50. Sparkes, John, esq., of Loseley, 409. ? William, esq., 377, 383. Speke, George, esq., 397. Spensers, or Despensers, earls of Gloucester and Winchester, executed, 435. 'Spital-house, at Guildford, 309. Springs, in Surrey, 165. Sprot, George, 336. Squib, Arthur and Stephen, 428-9. St. Catherine's, 400. Terrace, rectory-house, ib. Chapel. near Guildford, history & description of, 404-407; rebuilt, temp. Edward the Second, 404; consecrated, 405; situation and present state, 406; views from, 406, 407. Fair, 405-6. St. George's Hill, and entrenchment called Cæsar's camp, 18. St. John's College, Oxford, Windlesham granted to it by Henry the Eighth, 460. St. Mary's Church, Guildford, history and description of, 349–354. St. Nicholas' Church, Guildford, history and description of, 355-360. St. Swithin's Priory, Winchester, the monks' application to Henry the Second to increase their allowance of provisions, 299. Stamford, bull-baiting established there, 294. Stanhope, Sir Michael, 305. Stane-street, part of the Ermyn-street of the Romans, 13, 14. Stanley, Sir John, 428, Statute of Marlborough, 246. Staumpe, Adam le, of Ockham, 423. Stedman, J., esq., 317, 377, 383, 384, 400. Stephen, archdeacon of Surrey in 1120, 258. Stephen, King, his contest for the crown, 73. Stephens, John, his chantry at Frimley, 433. Stevenson, Mr., on the agriculture of Surrey, 226. Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, joins the Conqueror, 33. Stoctun family, Godwin de, and others, 444. Stoghton, Henry de, 427. Stoke, deanery of, 264. Stoke Hill House, 400, 444; Rectory, ib. Stoke Hospital, described, 456; statutes for its government, ib. Stoke Park, the residence of Col. Delap, 444. STOKE-NEXT-GUILDFORD, parish and manor of, 440-456; how described in the Domes- day survey, 440; granted to the Bishop of London, 441; rental of the manor in the time of Edward the First, 442 (note 6); its various possessors, 443-4; advowson of, 445; Stoughton manor, in Stoke, its de- scent, &c., 444-47; Stoke mills, 447; ac- count of the benefice, 448-9; Stoke church, described, 449; its sepulchral memorials, with memoirs of Mrs. Charlotte Smith, and Dr. James Price, 449-455. Stokesley, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 261. Story, Dr., his intolerance, 334. Stoughton, John, 346. Nicholas, esq., & Sir Laurence, 443. family, 444; sepulchral memorials of, 449. (or Stoctun) manor, descent of, 444-447. Place, and Gardens, 447. Stovell, George, 383. Strange, Mrs. Eleanor, 468. Strata of Surrey, tabular arrangement of, 126. Stratherne, the earldom of, conferred on the Earl of Surrey by Baliol, 87. Stratton (Street-town), so called from its position on a Roman road, 15. Streatham mineral waters, 190. Studley, Rev. John, his lines commemorative of the Royal Free Grammar School at Guildford, 372. Sumner, G. H., esq., M.P,, 283, 378, 379, 383. Rev. C. V. Holme, curate of Pir- bright, 438. Sunning-hill, Berks, 460. SURREY, county of, natural features of the district, 2; the Regni, its supposed inhabi- tants at the time of Cæsar's invasion, 6; 3 R 2 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF governed by Cogidubnus, 7; a part of the Britannia Prima of the Romans, 9; inter- sected by the Watling and Ermyn streets, 12; other Roman roads in the county, 15, 16; Roman antiquities in Surrey and Sus- sex, 20-22; its history in the Saxon and Danish period, 25-32; included in the South-Saxon kingdom, 27; subject to the kings of Mercia, 28; and afterwards to those of Wessex, ib.; invaded by the Danes, 29; its history from the Norman Conquest. to the reign of Queen Mary, 33-44; plundered by the Normans under William the Conqueror, 33; its apportionment at the time of the Domesday survey, with list of landowners therein mentioned, 35-38; Magna Charta, the Carta de Foresta, &c., signed by King John at Runnimede in this county, 39; invaded by Prince Lewis of France, 40; its history from the reign of Elizabeth to the 19th century, 44-71; its military strength under the feudal system, 45; association of its Protestant inhabi- tants, temp. Elizabeth, 46; musters of its forces in the 16th and 17th centuries, 46, 48, 54, 57, 62, 67; the inhabitants thanked by Queen Elizabeth for their loyalty, 48, 52; their measures of defence against the Spanish armada, 49, 50; its clergy raise forces in the cause, 51; the inhabitants' re- monstance against the "Act" for keeping horses for the public service, 53; charac- terized as poor, barren, and heavily taxed, 53, 54, 67; a list of parks in the county, 53 (note); insurrection at Kingston on the part of Charles the First, 54; suppressed by the parliament, 55; participation of the inhabitants in the civil war, 56; the pro- perty of the royalists sequestrated, 57, 67; names of the sequestrators, 58; county petition in favour of the king presented to the parliament, 60; riot and other pro- ceedings on the occasion, 61; insurrection against the parliament, 62; suppressed by the parliamentary forces in a battle near Kingston, 65; fate of the Earl of Holland and Lord Francis Villiers, 66; commission- ers for the county (A.D. 1649), 68; Charles the Second's progress through part of the county (1660), 69; militia regiments re- quired from this county, 70, 71; opposed at first by the inhabitants, but formed and increased, 70; measures of defence taken by the inhabitants in 1794, ib.; barracks formed at Guildford and Croydon, 71; re- views of the Surrey volunteers in 1799, ib.; memoirs of the Earls of Warren and Sur- rey, with pedigree, 72-116; etymology of its name, 117; its relative situation and extent, ib.; climate, surface, and scenery, 118; sketch of its geology, by Dr. Mantell, 121-164; supposed mutations of its sur- face throughout the different geological epochs, 161; its rivers described, 165-187; canals, 187-189; ponds, mineral springs, and wells, 189; afforested by Henry the Second, 193; freed from the jurisdiction of the forest laws, 194; its heaths and waste lands, 198: its woodlands, coppices, and plantations, 201; its forest trees, ib.; and orchards, 211; its agriculture, horticulture, crops, live stock, &c., 212-240; its esta- blishment as a separate county, 242: its division into hundreds, 248; notices of its ecclesiastical government, with a list of parishes, incumbents, & patrons, 256—280; representation in parliament, with a list of knights of the shire from 1796 to 1841, 281; divided into two districts by the Reform act, 282. Topographical history and de- scription of the county, viz.— Woking hundred, 284; Guildford town & borough, 285-400; Ertindon, or Artington, 401-2, 409; Brabeuf manor, 402-7; Piccard's manor, 407-8; Loseley manor and house, 409-421; Littleton hamlet, 421-2; parish of Ash, with the manors of Henley, Cley- gate, and Formans, and Chapelry of Frim- ley, &c., 422-434; parish of Pirbright, 434-440; Stoke-next-Guildford parish, & manor of Stoughton, 440-456; Wanbo- rough parish, 457-460; Windlesham pa- rish, with Bagshot, 460-472. Surrey, Duke of, the title conferred on Thos. Holland, earl of Kent, 89; the dukedom annulled by Henry the Fourth, 90. Sussex, inhabited, jointly with Surrey, by the Regni, 6; Roman remains discovered in the county, 23; conquered by Ella, and con- stituted a kingdom of the Heptarchy, 27; subdued and governed by the kings of Mercia and Wessex, 28; ravaged by the Danes, 31; plundered by the Normans un- der William the Conqueror, 33. Sussex marble, found near Tilburstow-hill, 145; prevails in the weald clay, 155. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Sutton, Sir Thomas, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Swallows, or apertures, in the bed of the river Mole, described, 175-185. "Sweet Singers of Israel," a religious sect, temp. Charles the Second, 298. Swen, or Swyn, son of Earl Godwin, 457. Swine, kept by the farmers of Surrey, 237; numerous in Surrey at the time of the Domesday survey, ib. Symmes, Richard, 347. Symonds, S., curate of St. Nicholas, Guild- ford, temp. Edward the Sixth, 296. Talbot, Elizabeth, wife of Sir Richard, seized at Kennington, & imprisoned at Pirbright, by the Despensers, earls of Gloucester, 434. T'ame, the river, joins the Isis near Dorches- ter, 165. Tandridge hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 254. Taylor, Jacob, 298. Tebaude Furlongs, in Worplesdon, 423. Tekell, John, esq., 432. Terry, Robert, 409. Tertiary formations of Surrey, 130; post- tertiary ditto, 129. Testard, William, 300, 331. Richard and Robert, ib. Sir Richard, 292. Thackeray, Thos., archdeacon of Surrey, 263. THAMES, the river, its source and name, 165, 166; its course, and the scenery of its banks, 166; its length, 167. crossed by Cæsar on his second in- vasion of Britain, 4. Thoraldby, in Yorkshire, 447. Thornton, Samuel, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Thurland, Edward, 310. Tichborne, Sir Walter, 430. Walter and James, esqrs., 432, Tickner, John, esq., 377. Tilburstow-hill, consists of Shanklin sand, 144. Tilbury Fort, Essex, a camp there, temp. Queen Elizabeth, 51; men furnished for its defence by the connty of Surrey, ib. Tilford, near Farnham, 450. Tillingbourne stream, a tributary of the Wey, 169. Tithingmen, magistrates of the Saxon tith- ings, 244. Tithings, their alleged institution by Alfred the Great, 243. Toclive, Bishop Richard, retrenches the pro- visions allowed to the monks of Winches- ter, 299. Tonbridge, Richard de, 434. Towers, Anne, mother of Mrs. C. Smith, 450. Towns, ancient British, described by Cæsar and Strabo, 2. Tracy, Oliver, archdeacon of Surrey, 258. Trenchard, John and Henry, 434. Trinity Church, Guildford, history and de- scription of, with notices of its monuments, chantries, register, &c., and memoir of Archbishop Abbot, 331–349. Trinobantes, a tribe of Britons mentioned by Cæsar, 5. Tritton, Rev. Robert, 269. Trotter, John, M.P. for Surrey, 283. Trumbull, Mr., 336. Turner, Rev. George, 422. Nicholas, esq., owner of Stoke, 443. Nicholas, the younger, 448; sells Stoke, ib.; the father of Mrs. C. Smith, 450. Turnham, Stephen de, 401, 402, 407, 409. Edeline de, 407, 409. Turnour, Thomas, barrister-at-law, 447. Tucksbury-hill, its geological characteristics, 151. Tusser's "500 Pointes of Good Husbandrie,” 230. Tweed-dale, John, 2nd marquis of, 395. Tynte, Hugh, mayor of Guildford, 315. Tyrwitt, Robert, esq., 428. Urswick, C., archdeacon of Surrey, 261. Uvedale, Henry, esq., 465. Vanner, T., 317. Vansittart, George, esq., 443. Vaugham, R., archdeacon of Surrey, 259. Vaux, Eleanor de, 407. Vegetables, cultivated in Surrey, 224, 233. Vere, Lady Frances, her marriage with the Earl of Surrey, 98. Vicarages, their formation, 271; in Surrey, a list of their incumbents, patrons, &c., 273. Villiers, Lord Francis, concerned on the part of Charles in an insurrection against the parliament, 62; killed in battle near Kings- ton, 66. Vincent, James, esq., 377. Thomas, esq., 445. Vortigern, forms an alliance with the Saxons against the Picts and Scots, 26. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF Visitations, ecclesiastical, the appointment of archdeacons and deans, 266. Vyne, Jane and Ralph, 430. Wada, or Huda, earl or ealdorman of Surrey in the ninth century, 30. Wages, formerly paid to members of parlia- ment, 281, 293. Wales, Frederic, prince of, 396. Wall, C. B., esq., M.P., 317, 378, 379, 383, 384, 400. Wallace, William, opposed by the Earl of Surrey, on the part of England, 83; his capture and execution, 85. Waller, Mr. (of Guildford), his account of the fossils of Surrey, 123. Wallington, by some supposed to be the site of Noviomagus, 22. Wallington hundred, its name, ancient and modern subdivisions, 254. Walter, John and Abel, esqrs., 461, 463. Walton-on-the-Hill, Roman remains at, 22. Walton-upon-Thames, Roman remains in its vicinity, ib. WANBOROUGH, parish and manor, 457; how described in the Domesday Book, ib.; de- scent of the manor, 457-9; sold to the monks of Waverley, 458; living of, how supplied, 459; church & village described, 460. Wandle river, described, its name, source, route, &c., 185. Wandsworth Common, list of fossils found there, 135. Ward, Lieut-Gen. Sir Henry, 397. Warlingham, Roman camp in the parish, 22. Warren family, (Earls of Warren & Surrey), memoirs of, 72-74. William de, created Earl of Surrey by William Rufus, 72; his estates and possessions, and decease, 72-3. William de, (2nd earl,) his son and successor, 73. William de, (3rd earl,) ib. Isabel, his heiress, countess of War- ren and Surrey, 74; her marriage with William de Blois, (4th earl,) ib.; and afterwards with Hamelin Plantagenet, (5th earl,) 75. Warrens of Poyndon in Cheshire, their de- scent, 88. Waste Lands of Surrey, 198. Water-meadows of Surrey, 222. Watevile, Robert de, 291. Watling-street, intersects a part of Surrey, 12. Watson, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Watts, Richard, 409. Waugh, George, esq., 317, 377, 383. Wauncey, Richard de, rector of St. Nicholas, Guildford, rebuilds St. Catherine's Chapel, 404; establishes a Fair on St. Catherine's hill, 405-6. Waynflete, John, archdeacon of Surrey, 260. Bishop of Winchester, ib. Wealden (the), its geological characteristics, 154; its supposed original zoological cha- racter, and external appearance, 160, 201; its present state, 201. Weller, James, D.D., 354. Wells, sunk through the London clay and chalk in Surrey, 133, 142; at Win- dlesham, 471. —, artesian, their nature explained, 133. Wells, Mrs., as Ann Page, 394 (note). Welwood, Dr., 341. West, George, esq., of Farnham, 449. Rev. George, rector of Stoke, ib. West Grove and Goddard's Grove, in Henley, imparked, 426. Westbrook and Cross families, owners of Loseley, 410. Weston, Melior Mary, her tomb at Guildford, 346. William de, of Albury, 402. John de, ib. WEY, the river, its source, route, and tribu- taries, 168; proceedings taken to render it navigable, 170; quality of its water, ib. Wey and Arun Junction Canal, 188. Weycliffe House, 400. Wheat grown in Surrey, 213, 220; its superior quality, 213; quantity grown, 220. Wheel-plough, its antiquity, 240. Wheeler, Henry, 309. Wherwell, Abbess of, 404; and Nuns, 409. White, Sir John, alderman, 430. Sir Thomas, ib. Robert, esq., of Aldershot, 430, 432. Whitehill, William, 466. Wickham Bushes, Roman remains discovered there, 18. Wickham, W., archdeacon of Surrey, 262. Wightman, Edward, burnt for heresy, 337. Wilberforce, Samuel, archdeacon of Surrey, 264. Willows, cultivated in Surrey, and used for wicker work, 208. THE TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF SURREY. Willement, Thomas, artist in stained-glass, 467, 469. William of Malmesbury, 241. Wimbledon, a battle fought there by the Saxons, 27; the Surrey volunteers reviewed there in 1799, 71. Winchester, the metropolis of Wessex, 30; burnt by the Danes, ib. the diocese of, includes nearly the whole of Surrey, 257. Brownlow North, bishop of, 396. Robert de Quinci, earl of, 407. Willam, marquis of, 408. WINDLESHAM, with Bagshot, parish of, and manors of Windlesham, Fosters, Bagshot, and Freemantles, 460-464; living and rectors of Windlesham, 466; church de- scribed, 466-68; schools, charitable bene- factions, and rectory-house, 468-9; seats and villas, 470; plantations, wells, and gravel-pits, 471-2. Windlesham Hall, seat of the Rev. Dr. Giles, 470. Owen, ib. House, seat of Vice-admiral Wight, John and Sarah, 403. Windsor Castle, parts of it built of Reigate stone, 141. Windsor Forest, formerly included part of Surrey, 194. Windsor, Old, Berks, 460. Wines, kept at Guildford by Henry the Third, 393. Winwood, Sir Ralph, 336. Wlwi, or Ulphi, huntsman to William the First, 421. Wodeland, Walter, M.P. for Guildford, 294. WOKING HUNDRED, its boundaries, 284; granted by James the First, to Sir Edward Zouch, & descent to its present proprietor, ib.; history and description of various parishes and manors included within its boundaries, 285-472. Wolley, Sir John, of Pirford, 409. 2 Sir Francis, ib. Women, "mercenary," [meretrices] following the household of the king (Hen. III.), 300. Wood, Anthony, 390. Woodbridge, seat of R. D. Mangles, esq., 400. House, seat of Hon. Col. E. M. Onslow, ib. Road, residence of J. P. Shrubb, esq., ib. Woodcote, supposed by Horsley, Gale, and others, to be the site of Noviomagus, 22; antiquities discovered there, ib. Woodlands, coppices, and plantations of Sur- rey, 201. Woodlands, seat of J. Fyler, esq., 470. Woodloke, Bishop, 267. Woodroffe, Robert, esq., 430. Woodward, Thomas, 445. Woodyer, Mr., 383. Woolbeding House, Hampshire, 451-2. Worplesdon, a medicinal spring there, 192. Wotton hundred, its name, and ancient and modern subdivisions, 255. Wyat, Sir Thomas, his insurrection against Queen Mary, 43. Wydevile, Lionel, archdeacon of Surrey 260. Wyke, hamlet of, in Worplesdon, 422. Yarnold, William, erects a water-engine at Guildford, 385. Yew tree, indigenous to the chalk hills of Surrey, 205. York, Richard, duke of, 436. Cicely, duchess of, ib. Young, Dr., author of the "Night Thoughts,” 431. Zeal, puritanical, of the authorities of Guild- ford, temp. Edward the Sixth, 296. Zouch, Sir Edward, 284; obtains a grant of Bagshot, &c., from James the First, 462. James, esq., ib. WOOD ENGRAVINGS IN THE FIRST VOLUME. EMBLEMATICAL INITIAL LETTER, M.... page 1. INITIAL LETTER, E; WITH Norman RUINS BEHIND 117. WOODEN BRIDGE, IN FRIDLEY MEADOWS, Near Dorking.. 171. SCENE, NEAR GUILDFORD, WITH THE GUILDFORD IMPROVED PLOUGH; BOOKER'S 212. TOWER IN THE DISTANCE SAXON WHEEL PLOUGH, FROM A MANUSCRIPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM INITIAL LETTERS, AT; AND REPRESENTATION OF PLOUGHING WITH OXEN, from a SAXON MANUSCRIPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 240. 241. • INITIAL LETTER, G; INCLOSING A DELINEATION OF THE ANCIENT TOWN SEAL OF GUILDFORD.... 285. PRESENT CORPORATION SEAL OF GUILDFORD 318. PLAN OF DITTO, SECOND STORY KEEP-TOWER OF GUILDFORD CASTLE CHALK CAVERNS AT GUILDFORD, PLAN AND ENTRANCE 319. 324. 329. • AUTOGRAPH OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT 238. • BIRTH-PLACE OF ARCHBISHOP ABBOT 342. • GROUND PLAN OF ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD 350. .. NINE SUBJECTS IN FRESCO, DELINEATED FROM THE ORIGINALS IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. JOHN BAPTIST, IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GUILDFORD 351. NORMAN DOORWAY AT ASH CHURCH. THE COURT-HOUSE, PIRBRIGHT PLAN OF WINDLESHAM CHURCH WINDLESHAM RECTORY 431. 439. 467. • 469. FINIS. : 1 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 06852 0447 In Memory of STEPHEN SPAULDING 1907 1925 CLASS of 1927 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN