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olº 42, G's wa.” * ...?
«ăTázaa-ºeſºrt, a.a.
An Account of Two Maps of America Published Respectively in the Years
1550 and 1555. By Henry Phillips, Jr., A.M.
(Read before the American Philosophical Society, March 19, 1880.)
I.
In the Cosmographia Universalis of Sebastian Munster, published at
Basle, in 1550, there occurs a large two page map of the New World which
is so quaint, so singularly inaccurate, yet with all its faults so suggestive
that a description cannot fail to be of interest to all who care to retrace the
early history of our country.
The copy of Munster which is in the library of our Society is the German
edition of 1563, but contains the same illustrations and maps that occur in
the earliest copies of the work. As reprints took place, no changes seem
to have been made in the letter-press, and certainly no alterations were
effected in the charts and engravings.
North and South America are represented as a large island joined to-
gether, where Central America now exists, by a strip of land. All the upper
boundary of North America is water. The coast line from what is now
called Labrador and New Brunswick to the Gulf of Mexico is not badly
outlined ; Canada receives the name of Francisca , Yucatan is figured as
a large island directly west of Cuba, which latter lies immediately to the
South of the peninsula now known as Florida. The Tortugas islands are
thrown far into the bosom of the Gulf of Mexico, to which body of water
no name is assigned. Mexico itself appears as Chamaho, and a small
island, Panuco, is represented near this country, off the mouth of a large
river. Jamaica, spelled Jamica, lies to the south of Cuba; Hispaniola,
directly to the east.
At the point where South America is joined to the Northern Continent
is a country which bears the name of Parias, marked, “abundat ouro et
nargaritis. The configuration of Mexico is but poorly preserved, and the
Pacific coast is dotted with random indentations of rivers and bays. Lower
California does not appear, nor yet the Gulf which separates it from
Mexico. *
A very large body of water, a continuation of that which forms the bound-
ary of the Northern Continent, in shape and position not unlike to Hudson’s
Bay, stretches far down to within a short distance from the sea-coast, no
great way off from the present site of New York city, New York. Proba-
bly this was placed upon the map in conformity with Indian reports of vast
interior bodies of water, confusing the Great Lakes of the Northwest, with
Hudson's Bay.
The peninsula now known as Florida is quite correctly drawn, although
it does not bear any name, but a region of country corresponding
with the south-western parts of North Carolina, the north-western
and northern portions of Georgia, the upper portions of Alabama and
* According to Humboldt, Lower California had been recognized as a penin-
Sula as early as 1539–41.
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Mississippi, and the lower parts of Tennessee, receives the appellation
of Terra florida. Above this region and trending to the north is a
range of mountains, from whose western extremity a very large but
nameless river takes its rise, in two diverging branches, at a considerable
distance from the sea-coast, and ultimately empties its waters into the Gulf
of Mexico. This seems to represent the Mississippi, and is in a reasonably
accurate position, except that the junction of the two streams which com-
pose it, is placed too near the river’s mouth.* It is possible that some tra-
dition of the Missouri may appear in the north-western branch of this
stream.
To the West some distance off, is a large but nameless river taking its
rise in a range of mountains which run from east to west. This may be
the Rio Grande del Norte, the Texan boundary line.
The Isthmus of Central America is delineated as somewhat larger than
it really is. South America is very incorrectly drawn, being too “squat ''
in appearance. A large river empties on its northern shores into the Ocean,
and on the land, at the easternmost projection of the Continent there
stands a hut constructed of boughs, leaves and branches, from one of which
latter a human leg is pendant. Lest there should be any doubt in the mind
of the reader as to what all this meant, the word Camibali is printed upon
this region to show the nature of its inhabitants. The bay of Rio Janeiro,
although nameless, is shown, but appears to penetrate much farther into
the main land than it really does. At the mouth of this reach of water are
islands bearing the name 7 insula, Margueritarum.
Farther to the south is a country marked Regio Gigantum, and still
lower is the Fretum Magellani, separating the Southern Continent from a
piece of land, whose termination is not shown on the map.
The configuration of the western coast is still more defective. Only one
name appears on it, Catigara, which is far up towards the north-west.
Printed upon the South American Continent are the words, “NOVUS
ORBIS, nova insula Atlantica quam oocant Brasilii et Americam.”
The Western portion of the map is filled by the MARE PACIFICUM, in the
lower part of which is drawn an old-fashioned, high-pooped, one-masted
vessel, above which is the island Zipangri surrounded by ARCHIPELAGUS
7448 INSULARUM.
In the extreme north-west of the map is India superior, which contains
Cathay, and its capital city, Quinsay. Below the ship are the insula, in-
fortunatae.
II.
I turn from this map to one which, although published five years
later, was evidently engraved at some very much earlier date.
The Novus Orbis of Simon Grynoeus, published at Basle, in 1555, con-
tains what was intended for a representation of the world as then known.
It is a very large map, surrounded by a border of wood-cuts, very similar
* The Mississippi was discovered by De Soto in 1541, but the account of his
travels Was not published till 1557.
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Syracuse, N. Y.
PAI, JAt 21, 1906
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