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" ; : -, ,w - - l w • * * - - wº. - * * - . . - - w - ... * - - > * > * - ... — , * - - - - - *}. * - & # , s , . . . . . . • * . . . . - . . . . . . . - ... ." . . . . . 3. *H: ', * - . . - - • ‘ - - - , -- * . . . . . . w- ~ ** . . ~ * : * . w - - º • - % - w w : r * J. . . . . ; - - - - g º, W.S. BUREAU OF TH - . - # I* - - - ~, w : -- - * . 4. : > - * * * . - * - E. - - 4. # • ** * . - , - - - [. B - - - * ~ * • * º - * - - - - -> *R - filt ...' * LIBRARY * SAM. L. RogFRS, Director º, - - . HT) *** *** *. $ ***** CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES ºr w <> 1914 |*| |4- | MANUFACTURE OF GLASS Prepared under the supervision of W. M. STEUART, Chief Statistician for Manufactures CONTENTS Explanation of terms---------------------------------------------- 2 General statistics—Continued General statistics.------------------------------------------------- 3. Engines and power.------------------------------------------- 7 Scope of the industry------------------------------------------ 3 Fuel---------------------------------------------------------- 8 Comparison with earlier censuses.............................. 3 Special statistics relating to products and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Summary, by states------------------------------------------- 3 Products------------------------------------------------------ 8 Persons engaged in the industry.... ---------...--------------. 4 Equipment------------------------------------------------------- 10 Wage earners employed, by months.................---------- 5 Imports and exports------------------------------------------ 11 Prevailing hours of labor-------------------------------------- 5 | Detail state tables: Character of ownership---------------------------------------- 6 Table 17.-Comparative statistics for 1914, 1909, and 1904....... 11 Size of establishments.---------------------------------------- 6 Table 18.-Detail statistics, by states: 1914 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 EXPLANATION OF TERMS. Scope of census.-Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for thedº. of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, and similar subjects... When use is made of the statistics for these #. it is imperative that due attention should be given to their imitations, particularly in connection with any attempt to derive from them figures purporting to show average wages, cost of produc- tion, or profits. The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or whose products were valued at less than $500, or the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. - Period covered.—The returns relate to the calendar year 1914, or the business year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's operations, except for establishments which began or discontinuéd business during the year. The establishment. -As a rule, the term “establishment” repre- sents a single plan; Grfactory, but in Some cases it represents two or more plants which were operated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account was kept. . If, however, the i. constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all ocated within the same city or state, separate reports were secured in order that the figures for each plant might be included in the statistics for the city or state in which it was located. Influence of increased prices.—In comparing figures for cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture in 1914 and 1909 with the corresponding figures for earlier censuses, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices of com- modities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been influential the figures fail to afford an exact measure of the increase in the volume of business. Persons engaged in the industry.—The following general classes of persons engaged in the industry distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superin- tendents and managers, § clerks (including other subordinate salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. In the reports for the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. In compara- tive tables covering the census of 1904 it is of course necessary to group the figures according to the classification that was employed at the earlier censuses. The number of persons engaged in the industry, distributed by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for a single representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most estab- lishments normal conditions of employment, but where this date was not a representative day an earlier date was chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported for the representative date has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not ordinarily vary much from month to month. In the case of wage earners the average has been obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the number of wage earners on the representative date, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12. The average thus obtained approximates the number of wage earn- ers that would be jº. to perform the work done if all were constantly employed during the entire year. Accordingly, the im- portance of the industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. n order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and age dis- tribution of the average number of wage earners for the industry as a whole, the per cent distribution by Sex and age of the wage earners reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day, has been calculated from the actual number reported for that date, the percentages thus obtained have been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year in the industry to determine the average number of men, women, and children employed. Salaries and wages.—Under these heads are given the total pay- ments during the year for salaries and wages, respectively. The Census Bureau has not undertaken to calculate the average annual earnings of either salaried employees or wage earners. Such aver- ages would possess little real value, because they would be based on the earnings of employees of both sexes, of all ages, and of widely varying degrees of skill. Furthermore, so far as wage earners are concerned, it would be impossible to calculate accurately even So (2) fferent branches of industry covered and their \ simple an average as this, since the number of wage earners fluctu- ates from month to month. The Census Bureau's figures for wage. earners, as already explained, are averages based on the number employed on the 15th of each month and represent the ºil mate number who would be required to perform the work if all were continuously employed during the year, whereas the actual number to whom the total wages were paid would be larger. Prevailing hours of labor.—No attempt was made to ascertain the number of wage earners working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. e lishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, and no attention was paid to the fact that a limited number of wage earners might have hours differing from those of the majority. All the wage earners of each establishment are therefore counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. In most establishments, however, all or practically all the wage earners work the same number of hours, so that the figures give a substan- tially correct representation of the hours of labor. Capital.—The instructions on the schedule for securing data relating to capital were as follows: The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed On the last day of the businessyear reported. All theitems offixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented that fact should be stated and no value given. . If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. ionotinclude securities and ioans represent- ing investments in other enterprises. These instructions were identical with those employed at the census of 1909. The data compiled in respect to capital, however, at both censuses, as well as at all preceding censuses of manufactures, have been so defective as to be of little value except as indicating very general conditions. . In fact, it has been repeatedly recom- mended by the census authorities that this inquiry be omitted from the schedule. While there are some establishments whose account- ing systems are such that an accurate return for capital could be made, this is not true of the great majority, and the figures therefore do not show the actual amount of capital invested. Materials.-The statistics as to cost of materials relate to the materials used during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during the year. The term “materials” covers fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers, as well as materials which form a constituent part of the product. Rent and taxes.—The taxes include internal revenue, corpora- tion income tax, and state, county, and local taxes. In some instances the amount of the corporation tax for 1914 had not been ascertained when the report was prepared and the amount paid for 1913 was given. * Value of products.-The amounts given under this heading repre- sent the selling value or price at the factory of all products manu- factured during the year, which may differ from the value of the products sold. Value added by manufacture.—The value of products is not a satisfactory measure of either the absolute or the relative importance of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing processes carried on in the industry itself. . Another part, and often by far the larger one, represents the value of the materials used. For many purposes, therefore, the best measure of the importance of an industry is the value created #!". manufacturing operations carried on within the industry. This value is calculated by deducting the cost of the materials used from the value of the products. The figure thus obtained is termed in the census reports “value added by manufacture.” Cost of manufacture and profits.-The census data do not show the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be used for the calculation of profits. No account has been taken of interest or depreciation, rent of offices and buildings other than factory or works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other Sundry expenses. Primary horsepower.—This item represents the total primary power generated by the manufacturing establishments plus the amount of power, B.º. electric, rented from other concerns. . It does not cover the power of electric motors taking their current from dynamos driven by primary power machines operated by the same establishment, because the inclusion of such power would ob- viously result in duplication. The figures for primary horsepower represent the rated capacity of the engines, motors, etc., and not the amount of power in actual daily use, since in most cases an engine or motor is not required to deliver continuously its full rated horsepower. Fuel.-Statistics of the quantity of fuel used are shown only for anthracite and bituminous coal, coke, oil, and gas. They relate to the quantity used during the year, which may be moré or less than the quantity purchased. As only the principal varieties of fuel are shown, no comparison can be made with the total cost of all fuel. Occasional variations in hours in an estab- : , chased “blanks.” { * , an * k. . * ~ *-2: . - - * .# * . . . - * * * - *** -r -- "Tºº ºf ,- - - 2 & -º º - - * † :- - - - 3.338: * . . . • MANUFACTURE OF GLASS. By FRANK ADAMs. GENERAL STATISTICS. Scope of the industry.—This industry embraces all establishments engaged in the manufacture of glass from raw materials, but does not include those en- gaged primarily in glass beveling, bending sheet glass, engraving glass, making glass labels, staining and ornamenting glass, or making glassware from pur- It does, however, cover the re- working of glass when done by the establishment in which the glass is manufactured. The establishments in this industry are engaged in the manufacture of (1) building glass, which includes window glass, plate glass, and all varieties of cast and rolled glass; (2) pressed and blown glass, such as tableware; jelly glasses; tumblers; goblets; bar goods; lamps; chimneys; lantern globes; shades, globes, and other gas and electric goods; opal ware; and cut glass; and (3) bottles, jars, demijohns, etc. Comparison with earlier censuses.—Statistics for the glass industry in the United States appeared in the report of the census of manufactures taken in 1810, and have been included in the reports of all subsequent censuses. They show a consistent development, keeping pace with the increasing demand for glass products. At the census of 1849, 94 establishments were reported as manufacturing glass. These estab- lishments employed an average of 5,668 wage earners and manufactured products valued at $4,640,676. In 1859 there were 112 establishments with 9,016 wage earners and products valued at $8,775,155. Table 1 summarizes the statistics of establish- ments engaged in the manufacture of glass for each census from 1869 to 1914, and gives percentages of increase. . Table 1 NUMBER OR AMOUNT. PER CENT OF INCREASE.1 1909– 1904— 1899– 1889– 1879– 1869– 1914 1909 1904 1899 1889 1879 1869 1914 1914 1909 || 1899 1889 1879 Number of establishments........... 348 363 399 355 2.94 169 154 || —4. 1 |–12.8 2.3 20.7 74.0 9.7 Persons engaged.-------------------- 78,804 72,573 67,105 55,256 2 2 2 8.6 17.4 31.3 |-------|-------|--.... Proprietors and firm members... 93 8 96 170 É 2 2 6.9 || -3.1 |-48.8 |.......l.......l...... Salaried employees - sº e s m e º ºs e s as we - - 4, 209 3, 575 3, 040 2, 268 2 2 2 17.7 38.5 57.6 l-------|-------|------ Wage earners (average number). 74,502 68,911 63,969 52,818 44,892 24,177 15,367 8. 1 | 16. 30.5 17.7 3) (3) Primary horsepower................ 163,139 123, 13 91,476 52,943 28,241 | 5,672 1,857 || 32.5 78.3 || 132.6 || 87.5 397.9 205.4 Capital.----------------------------- $153,925,876 ($129,288,384 ($89,389,151 |$61,423,903 |$40,966,850 ($18,804,599 #13, 826, 142 19.1 72. 2 | 110.5 || 49.9 || 117.9 36.0 Salaries and Wages. ----------------- y •v sy , 293,215 41,228,441 29,877,086 22, 118, 522 || 9,144, 1 7,589, 110 || 24.6 || 33.9 || 48.3 35.1 141.9 20.5 aries------------------------- 6,548,904 4,993,591 || 3,940,293 || 2,792,376 (2) 2 2) 31.1 | 66.2 | 78.8 ||-------|-------|-...-- Wages-------------------------- 48,655,819 || 39,299,624 37,288,148 27,084,710 (2) 2 § 23.8 || 30.5 ! 45.1 |.......l.......]...... Paid for contract work::-...-:------ 150,185 85,864 56, 58,959 (3) 2 2 74.9 | 164.2 45.6 |.......!.......[...... Rent and taxes (including internal revenue).-------------------------- 882,222 506,533 4357,121 4265,583 (2) (2) (3) 74.2 147.0 | 90.7 ..... --|-...---|... . . . Cost of materials---...-------------- 46,016,504 || 32,119,499 || 26, 145,522 16,731,009 || 12,140,985 8,028,621 || 5,864,365 || 43.3 76.0 92.0 | 37.8 51.2 30.9 Value of products------------------- 123,085,019 92,095,203 79,607,998 || 56,539,712 41,051,004 21,154,571 18,467,507 || 33.6 54.6 | 62.9 || 37.7 94.1 14.6 Value added by manufacture (value of products less cost of materials). 77,068,515 59,975,704 || 53,462,476 39,808,703 || 28,910,019 || 13,125,950 | 12,603,142 || 28.5 44.2 50.7 7.7 | 120.3 4. I 1 A minus sign (–) denotes decrease. 2 Figures not available. While there was a decrease of 51 in the number of glass factories reported for 1914 as compared with the number for 1904, the other items given in the table show that since 1899 there has been a decided increase in the magnitude of the industry. During the 15 years the capital invested and the value of the prod- ucts considerably more than doubled, the number of persons engaged in the industry increased by 42.6 per cent, and the wages and salaries paid by 84.8 per cent. Summary, by states.—Table 2 summarizes the more important statistics of the industry, by states, the states being arranged according to the value of prod- ucts reported for 1914. Some of the states (California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Wisconsin) for which data can not be shown separately without disclosing the operations of individual establishments, ranked higher than some of those named in the table. 82198°–17 8 Figures not strictly comparable. * Exclusive of internal revenue. The bulk of the glass manufactured in the United States is made in the four adjoining states of Penn- sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and West Virginia. These states reported for 1914, 70.7 per cent of the estab- lishments, 71 per cent of the wage earners, and 71.9 per cent of the value of products. Pennsylvania was the most important state in the industry, producing 32.3 per cent of all the glass manufactured in the United States in 1914. Ohio ranked second and Indiana third, followed closely by West Virginia. Oklahoma made a pronounced gain during the period 1909 to 1914, but comparative figures can not be shown without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Of the states for which comparable data are given in the table, Missouri shows the greatest relative gain in value of products, 94.8 per cent, during the five- 3.16736 (3) 4 greatest, 88.1 per cent. t - MANUFACTURES. year period 1909–1914, and West Virginia the next Measured by the average number of wage earners, however, the greatest increase, 43.6 per cent, appears for West Virginia, and the next greatest, 28.1 per cent, for Missouri. only state showing a loss in value of products in 1914, as compared with 1909, this being due largely Kansas is ‘. - the state and to its proximity to Oklahoma, where new gas fields have been developed. With the exceptions of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Virginia, the states held the same or nearly the same rank in value of prod- ucts in 1914 as in 1909. Illinois displaced New Jersey for fifth position and Missouri displaced Kansas for eighth, the latter state dropping to fourteenth to the decrease in the natural-gas supply in that place. Table 2 CENSUS OF 1914. PER CENT OF INCREASE.1 Value added by manu- Wagé earners Value added by N Wage earners. Value of products. facture. (avºr).|Value of products. jºu...' - STATE. i. * estab- Aver- : Rank. : Rank. i. Rank. lish- || age |º. cent cent 1909– 1904– 1899– 1909– 1904–1899– 1909– 1904- 1899– ments|º ſºls|s|| Amount Hºls |s|* * = s|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|loo, ber. tiºn. £ | # tiºn. |3| |# tion. : º || - United States...| 343| 74,502 100.0........|size,085,019 100.0........|s",088,51s 100.0........ 8.1 7.7 21.1|| 33.8 15.7 40s. *: 12. 2. 34.3 Pennsylvania. ...... 193|| 23, §§ 31.7| 1 || 39,737,822. 32.3| 1 || 24,253,117. 31.5, 1] 1 || –Q.4 14.0 ... li. 21.3| 18.6 25.7 # 10.0, 17.8 hio.--------------- 39|| 10,997 14.8] 2 2ſ. 19, 191,342. 15.6] 2 2ſ. 12,145,665. 15.8] 2 2ſ. 8.2 29.5 72.5|| 33.7. 59.1| 98.5|| 25.6 56.2| 87.9 Indiana ------------- 41||| 9,390 12.6 3| 3 || 14,881,372 12.1] 3 3|| 7,975,949| 10.3| 4 3| –1.6—20.6 —7.6|| 28.4|–21.2 —0.3|| 16. 2–25.0–10.1 West Virginia....... 63| 8,889 11.9| 4 4|| 14,631, 171; 11.9 4 9,993,030 13.0| 3| 4 || 43.6 68.5 88.5|| 88.1 69.1. 145.7|| 82.2. 64.2 161.1 Illinois.............. 10|| 3,764 5.1 6| 6 || 7,680,343| 6.2 5| 6 || 4,872,493. 6.3| 6 6|| 7.3–26.4 44.3|| 52.2–10.2 98.3|| 39.0–16.9| 95.4 New Jersey......... 19|| 5,784 7.8 5| 5 || 7,597,754 6.2. 6 5|| 5,066,562 6.6 5| 5 || 2.4 2.6 2.3||| 9, 1| 7.9| 26.6|| 2.1. 8.0 27.4 New York.......... 22|| 3,089. 4.1 7| 7 || 5,156,714. 4.2 7| 7 || 3,471,897. 4.5| 7| 7 || –0.8 –1.2 23.3|| 14.4 5.4 55.2|| 3.6 16.8 54.4 Missouri. ----------- 7|| 2,248] 3.0, 8 8|| 3,882,420 3.2 8 9| 2,307,632. 3.0| 8 9| 28.1| 12.4 140.2|| 94.8 11.9| 132.5|| 120.6 –2.5 100.9 Oklahoma. --------- 12|| 1,270) 1.7. 9|----|| 2,005,736. 1.6l 9....|| 1,285,928] 1.7. 9....||......]-...--|--|--|--|--|--|--|------|------|--|--|--|------|-..... Maryland........... | 1,3:#| | | || 1 || 1, §§ 2 ºf 19|| 1,1}}}.} :#| || 1Q]_1};| 3 ||-12.5||_+º] }}}| 5.7|_37.4 #; 6.2 anSaS - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6|| 364 0.5| 16, 9 º; º; #| || 3.9% ºf 3 |-|{{ }; ------ –64. 2. 112.4|- - - - - - —61.4| 126.0|...... irginia.------------ 4|| 606 0.8 12 13 690,420 0.6 16 13|| 432,317| 0.6 16 13|| 15.6 11.0...... 1.2 24.2|...... 0.3| 13.4|...... All other states ..... 16|| 3,311| 4.4|....|.... 5,340,262 - 4.3|........ 3,632,395. 4.7|....]....||......].. • * * * 1 s - w = e = | | * * * * * - I - - - - - - 1 = * * * * * 1 | * * * * * * * * * * * *s e i < * * * * * 1 Percentages are based on figures in Table 17; a minus sign (–) denotes decrease. Percentages are omitted where comparable figures can not be given. Persons engaged in the industry.—Table 3 shows, for 1914 and 1909, the number of persons engaged in the industry, distributed by sex, the average number of wage earners being distributed also by age. The sex and age classification of the average number of wage earners in this and other tables is an estimate ob- tained by the method described in the “Explanation of terms.” - * Table 3 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. Cen- Per cent of Cen- Per cent of CLASS. SUIS F. total. CLASS. SuS - F total, year. || Total. |Male. m. year. Total. |Male.|r. — |Male. Fº: |Male. Fº: "| male. "| male. All classes.----------------------- 1914 || 78,804 ||73,243 5,561 || 92.9 7.1 || Clerks and other subordinate salaried 1914 || 2,824 || 2,026 798 || 71.7 28.3 1909 || 72,573 ||67,811 || 4,762 || 93.4 6.6 || employees. 1909 || 2,286 || 1,616 || 670 || 70.7 29.3 Proprietors and officials.............. 1914 || 1,478 || 1,460 18 || 98.8 1.2 || Wage earners (average number)....... 1914 || 74,502 ||69,757 || 4,745 || 93.6 6.4 1909 || 1,376 || 1,366 10 || 99.3 0.7 1909 || 68,911 ||64,829 |4,082 || 94.1 5.9 Proprietors and arm members…|ſº #| # #|##| ##| 16 years of age and over............. 1914 || 72,510 ||38,985 |4,425 || 93.9 || 6.1 Salaried officers of corporations..... #| || || #| *|| $3 | ##| Under 16 years of age................ # º § º §|*;|3}} | {{ - 1909 479 || 475 4 || 99.2 0.8 1909 || 3,561 || 3,190 371 || 89.6 10.4 Superintendents and managers..... 1914 868 864 4 || 99.5 0. 5 1909 810 809 1 || 99.9 0.1 - Table 4 gives, for the several classes of persons en- gaged in the industry, the percentages of increase from 1909 to 1914, and the two censuses. the per cent distribution at Table 4 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. Per cent of increase,1 1909–1914. Per cent distribution. CLASS. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. - 1914 1909 1914 1909 1914 1909 All classes---------------------------------------------------------------- 8.6 8.0 16.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Proprietors and officials.... --------------------------------------------------- 7.4 6.9 |----------- 1.9 || 1.9 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.2 Proprietors and firm members----------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|----------- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (2) 0.1 Salaried officers of corporations..... ------...-------------------------------- 7. 9 • 6.3 l----------- 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 Superintendents and managers---------------------------------------------. 7.2 6.8 l----------- 1.1 1.1. 1.2 1.2 0.1 (?) , , Clerks and other subordinate salaried employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 25.4 19.1 3.6 3. 1 2.8 2.4 14.3 14.1 Wage earners (average number)----------------------------------------------- 8.1 7.6 16.2 94.5 95.0 95.2 95.6 85.3 85.7 16 years of age and over----------------------------------------------------- 11.0 10.5 19.2 92. 90.0 93.0 90.9 79.6. 77.9 Under 16 years of age------------------------------------------------------- –44. 1 —47.6 |. —13.7 2.5 4.9 2.3 4.7 5.8 7.8 1 A minus sign (–) denotes decrease; percentages are omitted where base is less than 100. * LeSS than One-tenth of 1 per cent. *"...wº ºy., x , 4 * 2 - , , - - - 33.3% º' ' ', " …"... ', . . . . . . > * ... ." * --> 2, . . . . . ~~ ~ : y - + ** * * * * * * --- - cº, * ~ * - . . . . . . * *... r . . *. , - > *, * . . * * * * :- ... --> *s - : ... - * ...’, st-ºf 2." ~ * * } " . . . ." * ~ * ~ * * *. - - - * * + - - * - , , º, . " r w - - º : , , . . . . . - - !. * ...? tº . . . . . . . . . . - gº. - .* * * * …” -- *. - , sº - “...sº .. , , ; ; ; ºr - & ... The percentage of increase, 23.5, shown for clerks and other subordinate salaried employees for the five- year period 1909–1914 is nearly three times as great as that for wage earners, 8.1. During this period the number of wage earners under 16 years of age decreased greatly, the decrease being much more pronounced for males than for females. The latter, however, repre- sented less than one-sixth of the total wage earners under 16 in 1914. The female wage earners, both women and children, are employed chiefly in the packing departments. Wage earners employed, by months.-The following table gives for the industry the total number of wage earners employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day, for 1914 and 1909, and the average number employed during each month in 1904, together with the percentage which the number re- ported for each month forms of the greatest number reported for any month. On the basis of number of wage earners employed, the industry shows its greatest activity during the late fall, winter, and spring months. In 1914 the maximum employment was in March; in 1909, in December; and in 1904, in April. August was the month of minimum employment in 1914, and July in 1909 and 1904. The degree of fluctuation in employment has been steadily decreasing, as will be seen by a comparison of the per- centages which the minimum months represented of the maximum—38 in 1904, 49.3 in 1909, and 57.7 in 1914. Table 5 j - WAGE EARNERS IN THE INDUSTRY. TMONTH. Number.1 Per cent of maximum. 1914 1909 1904 1914 | 1909 || 1904 January------------------ 83,002 72,931 71,158 96.0 89.3 95. February. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,875 75,720 72,908 99.3 92.7 98. arch-------------------- 86,461 78,921 74,004 100.0 96.6 99. April--------------------- 85,644 77,692 74,316 99.1 95. 1 || 100. *y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 82,973 76,550 73,313 96.0 93.7 98. June---------------------- 74,347 73,038 ,985 86.0 89.4 90. July---------------------- 55,433 40,222 28,246 64. 1 49.3 38. August.------------------- 49,861 43,83 31,375 57.7 53.7 42. September... ------------ 62,683 56, 127 60,590 72.5 68.7 81. October------------------ 72,075 71,746 70,119 83.4 87.9 94. November....... . . . . . . . . . 77,383 78,454 71,962 89.5 96.1 96. December. --------------. 78,28 81,665 ,652 90.5 100.0 97. 1 The figures for 1914 and 1909 represent the number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day; those for 1904, the average number em- ployed during the month. Table 6 gives the total average number of wage earners employed during 1914, together with the total number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day, for each state in which the average number of wage earners was 500 or more in 1914. January was the month of maximum employment in Illinois; February in Indiana, Maryland, and New York; March in New Jersey and Pennsylvania; April in California, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Vir- ginia; and May in West Virginia. In Virginia and California the number of wage earners employed in August formed only 10 per cent and 19.2 per cent, respectively, of the number employed in April. Table 6 M & WAGE EARNERS: 1914. as e * * *-- : [Month of maximum employment for each state is indicated by boldface figures and that of minimum by italic figures.] STATE, †: Number employed on 15th day of the month or nearest representative day. #. #. 4. *...*|†.T., s Octo- |N D is of uring 3Dl- € OEUI- • eptem- Octo- |NOWem- Decem-|| maxi- .* | *. “..." |March. April. May. June. July. August: “..." . . . . ." ... United States--------------------------- 74,502 || 83,002 || 85,875 | 86,461 85,644 82,973 74,347 55,433 49,861 62,683 72,075 77,383 || 78,287 57.7 Salifornia------------------------------------- 1,084 1,295 | 1,264 1,335 | 1,367 1,349 1,318 863 26? | 1,005 | 1,041 | 1,022 887 19.2 Illinois.--------------------------------------- 3,764 || 4,337 4,320 4,206 || 4,288 3,967 4,029 3,310 || 2,713 3,694 || 3,448 || 3,895 3,961 62. 1 Indiana --------------------------------------- 9,390 || 11,066 || 11,278 || 11,217 | 10,696 || 10,242 9,365 6,900 6, 116 || 7,724 9,003 || 9,579 || 9,494 54.2 x Maryland.------------------------------------- 1, 184 || 1,357 1,361 | 1,350 1,318 1,317 | 1,201 | 1,020 581 | 1,088 1,217 | 1,203 | 1, 195 42.7 ‘Missouri • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2,248 || 2,388 2,503 2,636 2,690 2,300 1,951 1,926 1,839 1,884 2,493 2,125 2,241 68. 4 New Jersey----------------------------------- 5,784 6,790 6,938 || 7,040 6,977 || 6,715 5,911 || 3,888 1,883 || 3,242 6,386 || 6, 6,754 26.7 New York------------------------------------ 3,089 || 3,819 || 3,823 3,749 3,527 | 3,381 3,296 || 2,283 1,760 2,299 || 2,918 3,026 3,187 46.0 *UIll0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10,997 || 12, 182 12,665 12,810 || 13,290 | 12,204 || 11,207 8, 147 7, 192 || 9, 10, 185 | 11,103 || 11,326 54.1 Oklahoma. : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,270 1,447 | 1,540 1,597 1,793 1,736 1,058 633 653 926 1,496 || 1,473 35.3 £ºvania --------------------------------- 23, ; 25, ; 26, #, *:::: 25, # 25, # | 23, § 18, § 18, º; 21,634 23, #. 24,033 24,758 68.4 Irgunla--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. 7 652 659 10.0 West Virginia--------------------------------- 8,889 9,229 || 10,011 || 10,137 || 10,082 10,173 8, 152 6,089 || 7, 138 8,271 8,413 || 9,431 || 9,542 59.9 Prevailing hours of labor.—In Table 7 the average number of wage earners reported for 1914 and 1909 for the industry has been classified according to the number of hours of labor per week prevailing in the establishments in which they were employed. The number employed in each establishment was classified as a total, even though a few employees worked a greater or smaller number of hours. In 1914, 69.2 per cent of the wage earners employed in the industry were in establishments where the pre- vailing hours were 54 or fewer per week, as compared with 53.2 per cent in 1909. Of the several groups shown in Table 7, the largest was made up of the wage earners in establishments where the prevailing hours were between 48 and 54 per week. The decided drift toward a shorter working day is shown by the fact that this group represented 37.5 per cent of the total in 1914, as against only 24.1 per cent in 1909. Over two-thirds—67.4 per cent— of the wage earners employed in the glass industry in Oklahoma were reported by establishments where the prevailing hours were 48 or under per week. In Mis- Souri 78 per cent were employed in establishments in the 60-hours-a-week class. In Illinois and New York, the largest numbers were in the class “between 54 and 60.” For all the other states, the table shows the largest numbers in the class “between 48 and 54.” For 1914 there were reported 1,738 wage earners, or 2.3 per cent of the total, in establishments whose pre- vailing hours were over 72 per week. This condition was due to the fact that for a part of the year several - *. A - - ... • - * * % • • . " - +3. “ . . . ... * - A. - 3. - - - * - ** * . e --- • ?: - ' 2 K. ". . .” - <- - * º 3- * : * x * - A \, ; ſº - l - * - - + - * As .” -- º * $ x : ..." tº ". * * * & - - . . " < tº s * -. - 㺠- - establishments were in continuous operation, the day shift working 11 hours and the night shift 12 hours, the latter in some cases working 84 hours per week. Table 7 AVERAGE NUMBER of wage EARNERs. Average number in establishments where the prevailing hours of labor - STATE Census per week were— - year. Total. Betw Be- * 48 and | Between etween tween Over under. 148 and #4, 54. 54 and 60. 60 and 72. 72, 60. 72. United States-------------------------------------------------------- 1914 74,502 || 12,205 || 27,975 11,394 || 7,458 10,743 || 2,550 439 1,738 1909 68,911 || 11,358 y 8,707 || 13,923 || 10,764 || 3,423 | 668 || 3,465 California------------------------------------------------------------------ 1914 1,084 203 || 856 25l.…..........................[… 1909 640 ||---------- 100 540 ------------------|----------------|------- Illinois--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 3,764 180 1,203 1,398 320 l........l.. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1909 3,507 94 957 80 l.-------. 676 l........ 240 | 1,460 Indiana-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 9,390 590 3,361 | 2,290 | 1,241 | 1,908 |........|........!-- - - - - - 1909 9,544 || 1,850 , 109 || 1,978 1,575 1,584 448 ............... Maryland------------------------------------------------------------------ 1914 1, 184 140 937 107 ------------------|-------- • 4 • - - - - - - - - - - - - 1909 1,052 181 482 389 ---------|--------- tº º gº gº tº º ºs º e º sº tº sº º sº sº I e º e º sº s º Missouri------------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 2,248 11 448 35 --------- 1,754 --------|--------|------- 1909 1,755 ||---------- 102 --------. 224 (--------- 1,066 363 |....... New Jersey---------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 5,784 864 3,602 918 --------- 151 1-------- 249 |....... 1909 5,651 || 1,007 || 2,451 420 | 1,773 |---------|--------|--------|------- New York----------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 3,089 344 882 700 1,107 56 --------|--------|------- 1909 3, 114 369 776 280 328 1,361 --------|--------|------- Ohio----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 10,997 784 4,515 2,916 198 2,276 118 190 - - - - - - - 1909 10, 159 1,797 2,279 | 1,726 2,501 | 1,139 652 65 |... ---. Oklahoma----------------------------------------------------------------- #; 1,270 856 156 258 l---------|---------|--------|--------|------- :* -----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------- Pennsylvania.-------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1914 23,606 4,494 7,235 2,734 2,114 2,859 || 2,432.]........ 1,738 1909 23,710 || 3,049 || 4,406 || 1,645 || 6, 5,468 1,257 |........ 1,650 Virginia-------------------------------------------------------------------- - . 1914 606 163 343 100 l---------|---------|--------|--------|------- 1909 524 ||---------- 465 59 l---------|---------|--------|--------|------- West Virginia-------------------------------------------------------------- 1914 8,889 2,315 3,931 532 983 | 1,128 |........l........l....... 1909 6, 190 1,866 2,252 1,424 385 263 |--------|--------|------- Character of ownership.–Table 8 presents statistics Num ſº * tº Table 9 2. A € V3] concerning the character of ownership, or legal organi- Cººlbººtſºl value of adº; e tº is --. VALUE OF PRODUCT ... ºr of wage products jº. zation, of establishments in the glass industry, for - e year. lish- er & } - y ments. earners. ture. 1914 and 1909. All classes-----------------. 1914 348 74,502 || $123,085,019 $77,068,515 º 1909 363 | 68,911 92,095,203 59,975,704 Num- | Aver- Table 8 Cen- | bº a; Value Iless than $5,000----------....... 1914 3 9 5,927 y character or ownership. "... [...º. º Yºº lagºy 1909 || 11 47 33,445 20, 57.1 | year * ber of products. m* $5,000 to $20,000................. # # ; #. : #. 214 "| lish- wage UIre. y y $20,000 to $100,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 52 2, 424 3,306,884 2, 157,023 IIl * - 3. ent.S. earners l §1 || 4,647 5,égi. 349 || 3,731.33 $100,000 to $1,000,000.......... -- # ; § ; § § § #. ; : All classes. & is sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1914 348 74, 502 $123, 085, 0.19 $77, 068, 515 $1 000 000 and OVer.- - - - - - - - - - - - 1914 23 ſº 215 y 634. 449 23. 520. 116 1909 363 | 68,911 92,095,203 || 59,975,704 P t distributi 1 10 Ö. 124 ić, ô96, 465 Iö, 734,68; * * €r Cen ISUTIOUIUIOIl: - Individuals.-------------------- #| || || 4:#| ##| Tºšſº uſ;. Tº Corporations-------------------- 1914 313 1, 136 18,980, 4, * © rp -- i; ; ; ; ; º." #| #}| }; }} | }} All others----------------------- 191 y 3 ** * * 3 vs. º. 5 $20,000 to $100,000........... işia | 14.3 3.3 3.7 3.3 1909 || 19 1,316 1,426,929 || 1,069,150 5 1909 || 25. 1 || 6.7 6. 2 6.3 Per cent distribution: $100,000 to $1,000,000........ # #: §§ % ; § Individuals----------------- #| #3 }: º º: $1,000,000 and over.... . . . . . . išjā | 6.6 25.3 33. I 30.5 Corporations---------------- 1914 | 89.9 || 95.5 96.7 96.2 1909 || 2, 8 || 14. 7 18. 1 17. 9 1909 || 88.4 96.2 96.8 96.5 All others------------------- # : ; #; #: #! 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The table shows clearly that the great bulk of the glass industry is conducted under corporate ownership. The output of individually-owned establishments shows a marked decrease for the five-year period, but that of establishments under “all other” forms of ownership increased greatly. Size of establishments.-The tendency of the indus- try to become concentrated in large establishments is indicated by the statistics given in Table 9. During the five-year period 1909–1914 a marked decrease took place in the number of establishments with products valued at less than $100,000, as well as in the number of wage earners and value of products reported by such establishments. These establish- ments reported 3.6 per cent of the total wage earners and 2.8 per cent of the total value of products for 1914, as compared with 7 per cent of the wage earners and 6.4 per cent of the value of products for 1909. The greatest increases appear for establishments with \ \, # * > -, * * - - - - º MANUFACTURE OF GLASS. 7 products valued at more than $1,000,000. In this group the number of establishments increased from 10 in 1909 to 23 in 1914, the number of wage earners increased by 89.8 per cent, and value of products by 143.7 per cent. The establishments having products valued at $100,000 but less than $1,000,000 consti- tute the leading class, but their relative importance diminished, while that of the establishments with products valued at $1,000,000 and over increased. During the period 1909–1914 the value of products of the former group increased by 13.5 per cent, whereas that of the latter increased by 143.7 per cent; and during the same period the proportion which the value of products of the former group formed of the total decreased from 75.5 per cent to 64.1 per cent, whereas the corresponding proportion for the latter group increased from 18.1 per cent to 33.1 per Cent. Table 10 shows the size of establishments in 1914 and 1909, as measured by the number of wage earners employed, for the industry as a whole and the 12 leading states. Table 10 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— TOTAL. 1 to 5 W Over 1,000 age 6 to 20 wage 21 to 50 wage 51 to 100 wage | 101 to 250 wage |251 to 500 wage 501 to 1,000 W2 ge Cen- ©2.IIleIS. ©2.IIlêIS. €3). IderS. €3rderS. €3r110][S. €arnerS. Wage earnerS. ea: STATE. SUIS * *|| * ...t. .# * º # 4. 4. Wage wd r2: W d r2: Úº C/2 #: º ad c. g age : Wage 3 Wage 33 Wage | 33 :- 33 Wage #|º]|##| |##| |##|*|#|*|##|Nº|##|Nº|##|Nº|#|: à B number). É 3 ers. É E ers. Å a ers. § E. €IS. § H # 5 à H ă a ers. United States...... 1914 348 74,502 5 16 17 251 31 | 1,096 72 5,542 126 20,060 68 || 23,706 23 16, 179 6 || 7,652 1909 363 68,911 12 35 22 316 41 | 1,450 81 | 6, 170 122 | 19,202 58 21, 173 20 | 12,206 7 8,359 California-------------- ... 1914 3 1,084 ||------|------|------|------- I 25 ------|-------- 1 203 |--------------- 1 856 |......... --- 1909 3 640 ||------|------|------|------- 1 44 1 100 l-------|--------- 1 496 ------|---------|-----|------- Illinois.------------------- 1914 10 3,764 ||------|------ 1 17 l------|-------- 1 53 4 662 2 663 1 971 1 | 1,398 1909 11 3,507 ||------|------ 1 15 1 24 2 174 3 490 2 707 1 637 1 | 1,460 Indiana------------------ 1914 41 9,390 ||------|------ 4 70 3 123 5 406 13 2,099 12 4,065 4 2,627 [...--------- 1909 44 9,544 ||------|------ 5 90 I 25 6 428 20 3,361 10 3,916 I 612 1 | 1, 112 Maryland.---------------- 1914 1, 184 ||------|------|------|-------|------|--------|------|-------- 5 830 1 354 1------|---------|-----|------- 1909 7 1,052 ||------|------ 1 11 1 30 2 151 1 181 2 679 |------|---------|-----|------- Missouri------------------ 1914 7 2,248 ||------|------ 1. 11 1 35 ------|-------- 1. 134 3 949 |------|--------. 1 | 1,119 - 1909 4 1,755 ||------|------|-------------|------|--------|------|-------- 2 326 1. 363 ------|--------- 1 | 1,066 New Jersey............... 1914 19 5,784 ||------|------ 1 10 l------|-------- 4 316 8 1,393 3 1,180 2 1,235 1 1,650 1909 23 5,651 2 10 1------|------- 1 33 5 388 6 876 7 2,398 I 617 1 1,329 New York................ 1914 22 3,089 ||------|--...-- 3 42 2 61 6 429 9 1,368 1 288 I 901 |.....!------- 1909 24 3, 114 1. 5 1 9 4 162 8 604 9 1,357 |------|--------- 1 977 l.....!-- - - - - - Ohio--------------------- 1914 39 10,997 ||------|------|------|------- 4 113 3 211 16 2,561 9 3,082 7 5,030 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1909 45 |. 10, 159 ||------|-..... 3 54 5 164 8 544 16 2,659 6 2,260 6 3. 1 | 1,038 Oklahoma---------------- 1914 12 1,270 ||------|------|------|------- 2 78 8 668 I 107 1 417 ------|---------|-----|------- 1909 ||-------|----------|------|------|------|-------|------|--------|------|--------|-------|---------|------|---------|------|---------|-----|------- Pennsylvania------------- 1914 103 23,606 ||------|------ 3 51 6 261 24 | 1, 36 5,908 27 9,700 4 2,357 3 || 3,485 1909 112 23,710 1 3 5 62 11 442 25 | 1,938 37 5,805 22 7,811 9 5,295 2 2,354 Virginia............ • - - - - - 1914 4 606 ||------------|------|-------|------|-------- 1 : 100 3 506 ---------------|------|---------|------------ 1909 5 524 ||------|------|------|-------|------|-------- 3 218 2 306 ------|---------|------|---------|------------ West Virginia............ 1914 63 8,889 4 14 3 31 9 294 16 | 1,206 23 3,483 5 1,659 2,202 |-|--|--|------- 1909 51 6, 190 5 12 4 51 7 ſ 214 11 864 18 2,647 5 1,774 1 628 . . . . . . . . . . . . Of the 348 establishments reported for the industry in 1914, 6.3 per cent employed from 1 to 20 wage earners each, 29.6 per cent from 21 to 100, 55.7 per cent from 101 to 500, and 8.3 per cent over 500. Six establishments employed over 1,000 wage earners each. Of the total number of wage earners, four- tenths of 1 per cent were reported by establishments employing from 1 to 20; 8.9 per cent by establish- ments employing from 21 to 100; 58.7 per cent by establishments employing from 101 to 500; and 32 per cent by establishments employing over 500. From 1909 to 1914 there was a decrease in the num- ber of establishments and wage earners in each of the groups employing not more than 100 wage earners, and an increase in each of those having more than 100 wage earners, with the single exception of the group of establishments reporting over 1,000. Of the six establishments employing over 1,000 wage earners in 1914 three were located in Pennsylvania and one each in Illinois, Missouri, and New Jersey. Engines and power.—Table 11 shows, for 1914, 1909, and 1904, for the industry, the number and horsepower of engines or motors employed in generating power (including electric motors operated by purchased current). It also shows separately the number and horsepower of electric motors operated by current generated in the establishments reporting. The amount of power used in the glass industry was first reported for 1869. The total horsepower re- ported for that year was 1,857—equal to only a little more than 1 per cent of the power reported for 1914. Nearly two-thirds of the power used in the industry in 1914 was generated by steam, but the proportion which this class of power forms of the total has de- creased materially from census to census, having fallen from 84.1 per cent in 1904 to 64.4 per cent in 1914. 8 - MANUFACTUREs. Table 131 - 3 . HORSEPOWER, NUMBER OF ENGINES, OR; - - - -- r MOTORS. - w : - " ..., J. . . . . . . . POWER. * Amount. Percent distribution. 1914 | 1909 | 1904 || 1914 1909. 1904 || 1914 | 1909 | 1904 Primary power, total.---------------------------------------------------- 2,200 | 1,428 1,108 || 183,189 | 123,132 91,476 || 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 owned....... : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,051 | 1,122 | 1,043 148,710 119,707 90,893 91.2 | 97.2 | 99.4 Steam engines and turbines ".............. ----------------------|- 66 765 742 105,061 || 98,971. 76,915 || 64.4 .4 84.1 Internal-Combustion engines.......--------...................... 385 356 297 || 43,448 | 20,731 13,947 26. 6 16.8 || 15.2 Water wheels, turbines, and motors..................... - - - - - - - - l 4 201 5. 31 0.1 (2) (2) Rented.------------------------------------------------------------- 1,239 306 65 || , 14,429 3,425 583 8.8 2.8 0.6 Electric-----------------------------------------------.'---------- ,239 306 65 14,224 3,425 583 8.7 2.8 0.6 Other----------------------------------------------------------- • * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - 205 • * * * * * * * * * * * i = * * * * * * * * * * * 0.1 s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Electric----------------------------------------------------------------- 6,018 || 2,510 965 92,896 43,589 16,769 || 100.0 100.0 100.0 Rented.-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,23 306 65 14,224 3,425 | . . , 583 15.3 7. 9 3.5 Generated by establishments reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,779 2,204 900 78,672 40, 164 16, 186 84. 7 92.1 96.5 1 Figures for horsepower include, for 1904, the amounts reported under the head of “other” owned power. During the decade the capacity of internal-com- bustion engines increased by 211.5 per cent and the pro- portion which the power of these engines formed of the total increased from 15.2 per cent to 26.6 per cent. The use of water power in the glass industry is insig- nificant. The amount of rented electric power in use, although still comparatively small, increased from 583 horsepower in 1904 to 14,224 in 1914, and during the same period the proportion which this class of power formed of the total primary power increased from six-tenths of 1 per cent to 8.7 per cent. The power of electric motors operated by current generated in the same establishments represented 84.7 per cent of the total electric power in 1914, and during the decade 1904–1914 the increase in the power of such motors amounted to 386 per cent. It is noteworthy that 52.9 per cent, or more than half of the power generated in 1914—mainly by steam and internal-combustion engines—in the establishments in this industry was transformed into electric power before being used. Fuel.-Table 12 shows, for 1914, the quantity of each kind of fuel used, for which data were obtained, for the industry as a whole, and for 13 separate states. SPECIAL STATISTICS RELATING Products.--Table 13, on the following page, shows in detail the statistics of products manufactured in the glass industry in 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. Of the 348 establishments reported for 1914, 102 manufactured building glass; 107, pressed and blown glass; and 150, bottles and jars; and of the 363 estab- lishments reported for 1909, 104 produced building glass; 114, pressed and blown glass; and 166, bottles and jars. In 1914, 29.9 per cent of the total value of products represented building glass; 24.6 per cent, pressed and blown glass; 42.2 per cent, bottles and jars; and 3.3 per cent, other products. The corresponding propor- tions in 1909 were 28.6, 29.8, 39.1, and 2.6 per cent, respectively. The total value of building glass reported shows an increase of 40 per cent for the period 1909-1914 and * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Gas, practically all of which is natural gas, was the most important class of fuel used. Of the total amount consumed, nearly one-half was reported by Pennsylvania; the second, third, fourth, and fifth largest amounts being reported by West Virginia, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Kansas, respectively. - Bitu- minous coal was next in importance. California was the only state using oil exclusively, and Kansas the only one using gas exclusively. - Table 12 COAL. An- Coke | Oil, in- Gas (1,000 thra. | Bitumi. (tons, Cináing|9.4: STATE. Cite Il DUIS 006 gasoline º (tons, (tons, 2,000 lbs.). (barrels). i- 2,240 lbs.). lbs.). United States...... ------- 41,372 2,252,268 16,770 | 867,836 42,261,595 California------------------------|--------|-----------|-------- 94,886 - - - - - - - - - - - Illinois. -------------------------|-------- 397, 550 |........ 286,976 |........... Indiana-------------------------|-------- 470,646 2,020 121,744 453,770 IlSaS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 758,611 Maryland.----------------------- 2,327. 13, 528 42 26, 163 58,505 Missouri-------------------------|-------- 221,666 2,922 40,326 800 New Jersey. --------------------- 3,793 139,856 2,356 112,265 3,029 New York----------------------- 11,870 95,081 | 1,439 29,445 97,740 Ohio----------------------------|-------- 271,397 675 6,480 || 7,251,445 Oklahoma----------------------- - - - - - - - - 300 ! ........ 6 | 1,721,954 Pennsylvania-------------------- 9, 155 521,399 || 1,501 || 118,674 20,939,700 Virginia.------------------------ - - - - - - - - - \ 16,350 |-------- 1,237 ------ • * = • - West Virginia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28, 583 160 - - - - - - - - - 10,236,469 All other States. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14, 227 75,912 || 5,655 29, 634 739,572 TO PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT, of 21.2 per cent during the preceding five years. The most important product in this class in 1914 was win- dow glass, whose value represented 47.5 per cent of the total for building glass. Window glass also occu- pied first place in this respect in 1904 and 1899, but plate glass led in 1909. During the five-year period the output of window glass increased by 49 per cent in value but by only 15.9 per cent in quantity. Pennsylvania produced over 193,000,000 square feet of window glass in 1914, or nearly one-half of the total for the United States. West Virginia was second with over 82,000,000 square feet, and Ohio third with over 52,000,000 square feet. Pennsylvania also ranked first in the output of obscured glass, plate glass, and rough wire glass, producing over half of the total for each class. Missouri ranked second in the production of these three classes. • ..., x- ... ". . . ^ -...- - * * - - x ~ * . , , , ‘. . . ; : . . - - * * “. . . ; 3. w - **, - - , . . . . $.4%; 3 t : ; * * * z - - ... , * * * . . - --→…→ ~. • r- - ,-,-, z - . “. . [.. . . . . . Table 13 1914. 1909 1904. 1899 Products, total value...... 1 size,085,019, $92,095,203 isſo,07098:56, 539,712 Building glass, value............ $36,824, 069 $26,308, 438 $21,697, &isiſ, 096,234 - Window glass— . . ... " g * Square feet.......... 400,998,893 346,080,550. 242,615,750 217,064,100 - Value----------- ...] $17,495,956 $11,742,959 $11,610,851 £10,879,355 Obscured glass, including * - cathedral and skylight— w - Square feet.......... 43,040,079| 22,815,946 21,870,634 12,526,055 Value--------------- $2,417,253 $1,358,574 $972,014 $732,338 Plate glass, total cast, square feet--------------- © we s we e e s sº we 75,770,261. 60,105,694; 34,804,986] 21,172,129 Polished— - Square feet.......... 60,383,516 47,370,254 27,293,138 16,883,578 Value--------------- $14,773,787; $12,204,875, $7,978,253 $5,158,598 Rough, made for Sale— - quare feet...------. 131,492 205,690 17,784 628,684 Value--------------- $25,859 $37,431 $3,529 $75,887 Wire glass— . . * Polished— §º feet---------- 1,707,848 (2) {} § alue--------------- $534,322 (2) 2 2 Rough (made for Sale as SUICI1)— Square feet.......... 13,980,996 (2) (2 2 Vålue:-------------- $1,056,612 (2) (2 § All other building glass...... $520,280 $964,599, $1,133,214 $250,056 Bressed and blown glass, value..] $30,279,290 $27,398,445, $21,956, lºsiſ. 076,125 Tableware, 100 pieces........ .1,554,056] 1,286,056] 1,283,974 655, 141 Jellies, tumblers, and gob- lets, dozens.--------------- 18,030,243 11,687,036, 7,346,214 8,544,050 Lamps, dozens-------------- 580, 196 322,482 487,017 807,765 Chimneys, dozens........... 6,989,624 6,652,967 7,039,756 6,901,192 Lantern globes, dozens...... 1,363,562 952,620, 1,765,247| 1,044,816 Shades, globes, and other gas goods, dozens.------------. 2,016,800 1,541,449 878,244; 2,673,854 BIown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods, dozens..... 11,377,310|| 9,182,060 6,282,606 6,127,367 Opal ware, dozens........... 4,636,051, 3,095,666. 1,091,208 3,750,443 Cut ware, dozens............ 297,957 206,336 83,736 134,726 Decorated glassware, dozens. 1,158,077 (3) (2) (3) Bottles and jars, Value........... $51,958,728 $36,018,333 $33,631,063.321,676,791 Prescriptions, vials, and druggists' wares, gross...... 4,893,416 3,624, 3,202,586] 2,423,932 Beer, soda, and mineral, grOSS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,573,610| 2,345,204 2,351,852 1,351,118 §: and flasks, grOSS.... 2,689,022. 1,887,344, 2,157,801 y Milk jars, grOSS-------------. 1, 188,891 440,302 253,651 146,142 Fruit jars, grOSS ------------- 1, 198,952. 1,124,485| 1,061,829 789,298 Battery jars and other elec- trical goods, grOSS.......... 79,211 9,981 19,974 (2) Patent and proprietary, gross 1,384,689| 1,637,798. 1,657,372] 1,296,131 Packers’ and preservers', OSS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -l. 3,271,174 1,237,175 1,237,065 784,588 Demijohns and carboys, * * * * * * * tº º & Wºº & tº º - * * * s s sº 160,796 122,570 64,450 83,243 All other products, Value...... -- $4,022,932 $2,369,987 $2,322,916 $690,562 1 In addition, considerable quantities of electrical shades, globes, and bulbs, which can not be shown without disclosing the operations of individual establishments, were made in 1914 by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of elec- trical goods. In 1909, 42,639 gross of bottles and jars, valued at $90,490, and in 1904 glassware, valued at $9,663, were made as subsidiary products by establishments engaged primarily in other lines of manufacture. 2. Not reported separately. The total value of pressed and blown glass shows an increase of $8,323,132, or 37.9 per cent, for the decade 1904–1914, and of $2,880,845, or 10.5 per cent, for the five-year period 1909–1914. During both the ten-year and the five-year periods the increases in the production of jelly glasses, tumblers, and goblets were pronounced. The output of blown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods has also shown a large increase since 1904. Of the three main classes of products, bottles and jars represented the greatest value at each of the four censuses covered by the table. During the decade 1904–1914 there was an increase of $18,327,665, or 54.5 per cent, in the value of this class of products, and for the five-year period 1909–1914, $15,940,395, or 44.3 per cent. - For the period 1909–1914 considerable increases were reported in the output of most of the products MANUFACTURE OF GLASS. 9 shown in the table, the only ones which show actual decreases being rough plate glass made for sale, “all other building glass,” and patent and proprietary medicine bottles and jars. Few of the glass plants make finished cut glass, the item “cut ware” representing principally the glass blanks, which have not been cut and polished but which are sold to establishments making a specialty of producing the finished ware. lishments are classed in the census reports under the head “glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting.” “All other products” include a number of unclassi- fied articles, such as thermos bottles, thermometer and electric tubing, marbles, glass stoppers, nest eggs, etc. Table 14, on the following page, shows the value of each of the three classes of glass products, in the lead- ing states, for 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. For 1914 Pennsylvania reported 51.5 per cent of the total value of building glass, 37.1 per cent of the total value of pressed and blown glass, and 17.2 per cent of the total value of bottles and jars, ranking first in the first and second classes and second in the third class. West Virginia ranked second in value of building glass produced, and Ohio third, but in pressed and blown glass these states ranked third and second, respectively. Indiana ranked first in value of bottles and jars manufactured, followed by Penn- sylvania, Ohio, New Jersey, and Illinois. Of the 102 plants that manufactured building glass in 1914, 64 made window glass, 21 of which were located in West Virginia, 20 in Pennsylvania, 9 in Ohio, 4 each in Kansas and Oklahoma, 2 each in Indiana and Texas, and 1 each in Louisiana and Missouri; 20 made obscured glass, including cathedral and skylight, 6 of which were in Pennsylvania, 5 in West Virginia, 3 in Indiana, 2 each in Illinois and Missouri, and 1 each in New York and Ohio; 19 made plate glass, 11 of which were in Pennsylvania, 3 in Missouri, and 1 each in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and West Virginia; and 7 made wire glass, 4 of which were in Pennsylvania and 1 each in Illinois, Missouri, and West Virginia. Pennsylvania with 33 establishments, Ohio with 15, and West Virginia with 26, in the order named, were the leading states in value of pressed and blown glass produced in 1914. Named in the order of their im- portance, the leading states producing tableware were Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and West Virginia; jelly glasses, tumblers, and goblets, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania; lamps, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana; lamp chimneys, Indiana, Pennsyl- vania, West Virginia, and Ohio; blown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods, West Virginia, Penn- sylvania, and Ohio; and cut ware and decorated ware, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Of the 150 establishments that produced bottles and jars in 1914, 34 were in Pennsylvania, 24 in Indi- These latter estab-. 10 and Wisconsin. MANUFACTURES. ana, 18 in New Jersey, 14 each in Ohio and West Virginia, 12 in New York, 7 each in Illinois and Okla- homa, 4 each in Maryland and Virginia, 3 each in California and Missouri, and 1 each in Louisiana, Michigan, South Carolina, Tennessee, Washington, Table 14 1914 1909 1904 1899 Products, total value. ..... $123,085,019 |$92,095,203 $79,607,998 |$56,539,712 Illinois.------------------------. ,680, 5,047,333 5,619,740 2,834,398 Indiana.--------------------..... 14,881,372 11,593,094 14,706,929 14,757,883 Kansas.------------------------- 728,681 2,036,573 958, 720 |........... Maryland----------------------. 1,500,982 ,038, 589, 589 557,895 Missouri--------------------...-- ,882, 1,992,883 || 1,781,026 765,564 New Jersey---------------------- 7,597,754 6,961,088 6,450, 195 ,093, New York....................... 5, 156,714 4,508, 790 4,279,766 2,756,978 9- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19, 191,342 14,358,274 9,026,208 || 4,547,083 Oklahoma....................... ,005,736 (1) (*) -----...--- Pennsylvania. .................. 39,797,822 32,817,936 27,671,693 22,011, 130 If :- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 690,420 681,900 $9,031 l West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,631, 171 || 7,779,483 || 4,598,563 1,871,795 All other states.................. 5,340,262 3,279,481 ,376,538 | 1,343, 164 Building glass, value...... 36,824,069 26,308,438 21,697,861 || 17,096,234 Illinois.------------------------- I 648,718 281, 55 24,000 diana------------------------- 2,356,946 | 1,616,092 3,790,618 5,711,948 Kansas-------------------------- I 1, 131,808 381,084 |........... Missouri------------------------- 3, 122,793 1,778,364 1,036,433 505,564 New Jersey...................... (l 1 201,922 274,011 New York....................... (l 173,387 456,310 346,790 Ohio. --------------------------- 3,805,669 2,744,513 1,625, 126 671,422 Oklahoma-...................... 1, 181,657 l (*) ----------- Pennsylvania................... 18,968,873 || 14,958,649 || 12, 169,013 || 9,213,545 West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,410,710 2,751, 133 1,323,896 , 242 All other states... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,977,421 505,774 431, 247,712 Pressed and blown glass, Value------------------ ..] 30,279,290 27,398,445 21,956,158 17,076,125 Indiana......................... 2,926,296 || 2,774, 128 2,859,087 2,691,787 Kansas. ------------------------- (1 3. 64,697 |........... Maryland... -------------------. (1 508, 492 46, 191 100,000 New Jersey...................... (1) 1,019,836 181,559 21,300 New York....................... 2,237,960 | 1,926,852 | 1,932,524 | 1,173,784 hio---------------------------- 6,490,498 || 6, 160,707 || 3,954,660 2,738,289 Oklahoma....................... 220,520 (*) ------------|----------- Pennsylvania................... 11,241,495 || 9,847,228 9,406,183 || 8,453,550 West Virginia..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,263,554 4,306,528 ,620,665 1,379,706 All other states.................. 898,967 651, 9 890,592 517,709 Bottles and jars, value.....] 51,958,728 36,018,333 33,631,063 21,676,791 California.---------------------. (1) 873,434 855,446 (1) Illinois.------------------------. 6,680,700 4,304,795 || 4,949, 156 2,678,780 diana.------------------------- 9, 155, 163 6,982,378 || 7,213,456 6,327,468 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (1) 651,376 407, 868 |.... ------. Maryland.----------------------- 1,244,760 528,767 536,478 346,633 Missouri------------------------- 759,627 1 607,383 ** } New Jersey... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 176,787 5,884,605 || 6,066,714 || 4,452,219 New York...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,343, 1,884,394 | 1,866,245 | 1, 195,276 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,422,402 || 4,717,658 2,961,727 | 1,058,955 Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603, (1) (*) ----------- Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,930,255 7,778,787 || 5,951,144 || 4, 162,990 Virginia------------------------- 690,420 681,900 549,031 (1) West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,777,445 646, 521 602,002 381,847 All other States.................. 3, 173,927 | 1,083,718 | 1,064,413 812,623 All other products, value... 4,022,932 2,369,987 2,322,916 690,562 * Included in “all other states,” to avoid disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Named in the order of their importance, the leading states producing prescription bottles, vials, and drug- gists' wares were New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, and Virginia; beer, soda, and mineral water bottles, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsyl- vania, and New York; liquors and flasks, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey; fruit jars, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Oklahoma; and pack- ers and preservers, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Equipment.—The measure of production for a glass factory is the melting capacity of its pot furnaces and tanks. Table 15 presents the statistics of such equipment for the census years 1914, 1909, 1904, and 1899. The idle furnaces and tanks shown in this table represent the idle equipment of active estab- lishments and not the equipment of establishments which were idle throughout the year. - f : Table 15 POT FURNACES. ranks. - Continuous. Intermittent. Operated. Idle. O STATE, Operated. Idle. ||...}. | Idle. +: - - 3 * e º ſº P. º : || 3 | #3 | #|##| # | # 3 | #|###|É: #|Bºš # E | 3 8 || 3 || B 3 || 3 # ######### à || 5 |##|###|#| #|######### 3 || 2 |z S |z|z o|| z. z s |z|2 = |z|Š-1z 3 TJnited States...| 1914 || 328 4,522 s 766||348] 3,641. 48 421 59 467] 16 94 1909 || 370 4,945. 59 697.|| 369| 3,759. 48 436 73. 433 # 56 1904 || 349 4, 192 49 617|| 340, 3,076 26, 191} 94 406 13 69 1899 || 391 4,300 60 807|| 192 1,671. 14 79||130 818 17| 83 Illinois.-------------- 1914 || || || 3 || || || 3 |-|--->| || 2 1909 || 9i 107 l| 20 24 201| 4 53| 1 5|...}.... 1904 || 8 104 4| 47|| 24, 284|- ..]....| 4; 20 1 10 1899 || 9, 117| ll 12|| 11 133|...}....| 7 40|...].... Indiana.--...-------. 1914 || 18 244: 2 22, 57| 499 5, 21] 3 19|...j-... 1909 || 18, 307| 2 3. 61| 533| 6 34] 2 14|...}.... 1904 || 63| 670 7| 79|| 87| 749| 4, 25| 3| 20, 1| 8 1899 || 116 1,220. 9, 134|| 71 564| 4 12. 33 208 4| 12 Maryland............ 1914 || 6 84 l; 16|| 4 23|. ll 121---|---- 1909 || 11 109] 1 12|| 3| 21]...]....| 1| 8|...|.... 1904 || 6 74 2, 17|| 1 5|...|.... 1; 8|...}.... 1899 || 10 91] 2 16||....]...... ---|----| 11 6---|---- New Jersey.......... 1914 || 15 115; 2 19| 27, 257; 15 117 5 27| 3: 18 1909 || 16| 130 6| 42|| 36|| 329| 12 90 9| 106| 1 || 11 1904 || 19, 147| 4| 36|| 35| 310|| 11 71. 11; 60 - - - - - - - 1899 || 27] 200| 6 s 31| 293. 6. 40|| 12| 72] 2 7 New York........... 1914 || 23, 281 6 45' 15, 117. 4. 23. 2 4 1 2 1909 || 35 798; 9 66|iv 19, 167| 1| 7 3| 7] 1 1 1904 || 38 257 3 27| 22 179| 2 15 # 10, 1 6 1899 || 24, 200| 5| 47|| 14 115|- - - - - - -] 7| 49. 1 3 Ohio----------------. 1914 || 58 759| 7| 101|| 36|| 519 5, 96 7. 26 . . . . . . . 1909 || 56 593] 12 143|| 49 434 8 98. 11; 27 2 3 1904 || 39| 551 4 69|| 34; 283. 2 20 12. 33 2 9 1899 || 37 444|| 5 95|| 12 95|- - - - - - - 3, 13 3| 12 | - Pennsylvania........ 1914 || 138 2,121| 28, 383||| 90 1,011 10, 100 28, 282 5] 57 1909 || 144 2,086. 23. 301||| 99. 1, 178] 12 93 26, 145, 6, 27 1904 || 120, 1,715; 17 222|| 87 864 6 54; 36|| 137 3. 12 1899 || 143: 1,758. 25, 359|| 43. 404 1| 8 44; 232 5 42 West Virginia........ 1914 || 32 341| 2, 20. 54 615. 4; 26 12 95. 4. 9 1909 || 37 ° 339| 2 24|| 33 #: ; ; ; ; ; ; 1904 || 43| 393 6ſ 88|| 18, 155| 1 19| 90 5, 24 1899 || 14 144|| 1 12||....l......|- - - ... - 19 85| 1| 5 All other states...... 1914 || 32 477 8 130|| 47 499| 3 15, 1] 2 2 6 1909, 44; 476 3| 49|| 45| 474 3, 16; 8 25, 1] 3 1904 || 23. 281 2 32|| 32 *::::::: 5| 28|...}.... 1899 || 11 126 6, 77|| 10 67 3 1. 4; 113 1. 2 1 In addition, 26 establishments reported, for 1914, 106 tanks equipped with 331 automatic machines. Of the 328 pot furnaces, with a capacity of 4,522 pots, operated in 1914, only 2 furnaces, with 36 pots, were used in making window glass; 14 furnaces, with 187 pots, in producing obscured glass; and 103 furnaces, with 1,928 pots, in making plate glass. Eighty-one continuous tanks, with a capacity of 1,444 rings, were operated in producing building glass. Of this number, 62 tanks, with 1,298 rings, were used in producing win- dow glass; 10 tanks, with 84 rings, in making obscured glass; 7 tanks, with 53 rings, in producing wire glass; and only 2 tanks, with 9 rings, in making plate glass. Although the schedule for 1914 did not call for the information separately, 26 establishments reported the operation of 106 tanks equipped with 331 automatic machines. - Imports and exports.--Table 16 shows the value of glass imported and exported during each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 1869, 1879, 1889, and 1899, and during each subsequent fiscal year to 1914, inclusive. This table brings out the fact that the exports of glass, as measured by value, have never equaled the imports. The nearest approach was in 1913, when the value of glass exported was equivalent to 64.1 per cent of that imported. The exports, however, show a much greater relative increase than the imports. The value of window glass imported decreased by 7.5 per cent between 1869 and 1914, and that of un- silvered polished plate glass imported increased during the same period by only 1.4 per cent. The demand for glass products in this country during the entire period covered by the table has been MANUFACTURE OF GLASS. 11 met mainly by the domestic industry, as will be seen by a comparison of the values of imports given in this table with the total values of products of the glass in- dustry, as given in Table 1. Moreover, the increase in the value of products of the domestic industry during this period—nearly 600 per cent—has been much greater relatively than the increase in the value of imports—a little more than 100 per cent. In 1869 the value of imports was equal to 21.1 per cent of the value of glass manufactured in this country, but the corresponding percentage for 1914 was only 6.7. Táble 16 IMPORTS. 1 EXPORTS.1 Bottles Bottles e Lenses FISCAL YEAR ENDED . ...|dºmºlºa º anºi |Plates or Bottles, JUNE 30– Total |dºns, ºf “..." . ºf jº Total Yº...! window value. ...; glºſe window polished, º: opticº All other. | vaí. º gº." |All other. (except OTD2- ś. shºred and | purposes. and jars. blown). mented. po º * spectacles. 1914----------------------- $8,191,833 ||$1,148,460 31,151,875 || $1,356,218 $27,889 || $721,560 $617,703 || $2,468,128 || $3,729,623 $711,353 $311,339 || $2,706,931 1913----------------------. 6,537,293 || 843,397 | 1,032,948 977,211 . .321,605 || 695,135 | 504,594 2,162,403 || 4, 193,642 || 808,327 434,361 2,950,954 1912----------------------- 6,210,625 913,688 | 1,001,542 950,123 344,819 579, 650 383,234 2,037,569 3,494,153 § 114, 109 || 3,380,044 1911----------------------- 6,881, 891 911, 506 1,313,457 948,959 940,924 } 277,393 || 2,489,652 3,246,391 2 3 121,339 3,125,052 1910----------------------- 6,553,764 819,918 &; 810,915 693,262 (2 407,976 3,821,693 || 2,805,401 (2 67,995 2,737,406 1909----------------------- 5,262,190 638,934 2 760, 164 515,642 § 455,807 2,891,643 2,173, 193 2 59,427 2,113,766 1908----------------------- 6,570,123 || 904, 773 2 824,616 805,656 2 360,278 3,674,800 || 2,505,417 2 107,596 2,397,821 1907----------------------- 7, 596,631 997,295 2 1,037,770 | 1,420, 109 § 218,491 || 3,922,966 2,604, 717 2 95, 388 2,509,329 1906----------------------- 7,507,823 805,752 2 1,306, 723 1,575,375 2 199,500 3,620,473 || 2,433,904 (2) 68,327 2,365, 577 1905----------------------- 5,948,839 || 671,699 (2 627,618 1, 184,088 (2 177,457 3,287,977 || 2,252, 799 (2) 65,869 2, 186,930 1904----------------------- 6,583, 168 || 540,460 2 1,381, 104 || 945,048 § 215.583 3,500,973 || 1,978,481 2) 71,498 1,906, 983 1903----------------------- 7,255,879 493,712 2 1,762,767 1,432,297 § 217,612 3,349,491 2, 150,699 2 59, 519 2,091, 180 1902----------------------- 6,205,052 || 458,454 2 1,827,498 || 999,934 2) 191,089 2,728,077 || 1,960, 106 3 51,952 1,908,154 1901----------------------- 5,010,675 505,283 2 908,044 787,450 § 161,512 2,648,386 2, 126,309 § 55,286 2,071,023 1900----------------------- 5,037,931 464,483 2 1,555,924 226,295 2) 125,449 2,665,780 1,936, 119 2 36,218 1,899,901 1899. ---------------------- 4,303,660 371,394 § 1,275, 184 233,190 § 119,832 2,304,060 || 1,503,651 2) 32,690 1,470,961 1889----------------------- 7,724,662 || 825,411 (2 1,444,982 983,316 (2 10,741 4,460,212 894,200 2 16,864 77,336 1879----------------------- 3,222,479 Č; {} 595,070 699,459 § Ö 1,927,950 768,644 § (3) 768,644 1869----------------------- 3,895,739 (2) 2 1,466, 138 717,952 2) (2) 1,711,649 580,718 (2) (2 580,718 1 “Commerce and Navigation of the United States,” Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 2 Not reported separately. * Figures cover the period from January 1 to June 30, inclusive. DETAIL STATE TABLES. Table 17 shows, for 1914, 1909, and 1904, by states, terials, and value of products for the glass industry. the number of establishments, average number of Table 18 presents, for 1914, by states, the more detailed wage earners, primary horsepower, wages, cost of ma- statistics of the industry. TABLE 17. –COMPARATIVE STATISTICS FOR 1914, 1909, AND 1904. Wage Cost of | Value Wage Cost of | Value Num- Wages. mate- of prod- Num- ag WageS ate f prod Cen- || ber of *.*|Primary | rials. uctS. Cen- || ber of |*.*|Primary ges. mate- of prod- STATE. -| Sus estab- (ºr horse- STATE. SuS 1 estab- (ºr horse- rials. uctS. year. * nºn- power. year. Tish: | 1.- power. ments: ber). Expressed in thousands, ments. . Expressed in thousands. United States.... 1914 || 348 || 74,502 | 163, 139 $48,656 $46,017 || $123,085 || New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 22 3,089 2,415 || $2,158 $1,685 $5,157 1909 363 | 68,911 | 123, 132 39,300 32,119 92, 095 1909 24 || 3, 114 1,774 1,806 1, 159 4. 509 iº || 333 $3,363 gi. 376 || 37,283 || 36,146 79.603 1904 28 3, 153 1,604 || 1,825 | 1,412 £380 Illinois----------------- 1914 10 3,764 9,685 2,692 || 2,808 7,680 || Ohio... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 || 39 10,997 || 34,871 7,053 || 7,046 19, 191 1909 || 11 3,507 || 6,638 2, 182 I,541 5,047 1904 || 13 || 4,768 1,583 3,012 | 1,400 5,620 Indiana. -------------- 1914 || 41 || 9,390 | 16,048 5,735 | 6,905 || 14,881 1909 || 44 9,544 21,031 || 4,942 || 4,728 11,593 1904 || 96 || 12,020 14,656 | 6,638 5,559 14,707 1909 45 10, 159 16, 198 5,977 4,688 14,358 1904 37 7,844 11,256 4,512 2,837 9,026 Pennsylvania.......... 1914 || 103 || 23,606 || 61,399 || 15,214 | 15,542 || 39,798 1909 || 112 || 23,710 55, 182 | 13,436 12,634 32,818 1904 || 122 20,794 || 47,750 | 12,518 || 9,325 27,672 Kansas---------------- 1914 6 || 364 195 367 202 729 || . . . 1909 23 1,435 1,031 986 672 2,037 || Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 4 606 286 328 258 690 1904 9 || 718 452 447 355 959 1909 5 || 524 245 306 251 682 Maryland....... ------- 1914 6 1,184 | 1,030 783 400 | 1,501 1904 4 472 100 264 169 549 .#| | | *ś| #| #| || *;| west Virginia......... #| || #| *; §§ #; ºft 5, y 2,296 || 7,779 Missouri----...-------- 1914 7 2,248 12,445 1,588 1,575 3,882 1904 || 39 3.673 || 3.346 || 3:054 3. igo3 || 4 || 1.755 3. ’753 | *ś 1.333 º, y ,054 1,259 4, 599 1904 6 | 1,561 5,755 938 708 || 1,781 || All other states. . . . . . . . 1914 || 28 4,581 || 7,748 3,295 2,427 7,347 New Jersey.............| 1914 || 19 || 5,784 2,897 3,770 2,531 7,598 #; # ; ; §: § }: : I ; ;: 3. 2 y J y 1909 || 23 5,651 3,081 3,340 1,999 || 6,961 1904 22 || 5,507 || 2,661 3, 145 || 1,856 6,450. “opiqoeſe ugu: Ioudo *19Aod pajuel Sepúlouſ z *ATuo IQAAod poula O tº : & 90.30%g |g. 81939; £I | $93.8 g. Aj9 ºf "I.Q. 69.039. I Q83.8/6.8I 93.036.9 $86.6%.8 || 90° 39', '6 : 8&I “I sº º ºn tº º it. - * * * * * 959 ‘6 819, 86; "32 Z0." §§ 0.699 IF; ‘g 998 “g || złg ‘g 999 “OI 699, 898'93 f 680% Af §l...... my 990°8I Áſ 9I - - - e.g. - - - - - - ºr ºs - - * * - - sº - - * * - - e º - - = * - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * - - º ºs - - - - - - - - - - e - - - - - - e Solels Iaulo IIV - - - - - - - - - - * * - * * * - - * * - * * * - - e - - - as e - - gº - - - - - - - dº - - - & wº - - tº a - - - - - - e = - ~ * - - - sº - - * * * tºpUISIIA qS3AA - - - - - 8|UpāIIA eguèAIASUUIodi IU[O * * *XIIOX A3N Áeslaſ AoN * - * * - - [InoSSIW gł0“I !99. & & 804.6 || 88.01 ||9||19 69.8 °8 j69 & 9S §§§ 601"I || 6 £68.6%, ’’’ ‘’’ |]81 Tig'ſ Sī ‘II || I. 93 g #/.T 69 I | 918%6'ºisi 198 606'91 I98 ‘6; nW UIW 930% | | ||olºur - || -95. { ſ i 'tºdeo ‘eFº * º 9ib)\! ; "IG|0\L *uguouſ UInuIpupyW 'u'luouſ Urnurpºſeſ. | | —jo Áep Upg|I ‘IequrnN. *19q -Umu. -IQAW •eleu1 ºr elew "SI33e -UI-6UI pub ‘sque 'suoq •ÜIROUDI -pue1 UI.Ig -upied p -IlS ‘sroo -Ugo popi -oid , reſol, Squkºui -USH -q83so ‘SILVIS . -AIt \ - * -I- , " . . . $ , , ; W r - - | . # ºv ; - - w - * .* ‘. & • re. A 3. º sana º -B -UDIIl il. . . . . . ; 91 repuſh | 19Ao put 91 || Sueurse eſſeAA one's Hieio |-eles N. 3 - “. - - * * * . - - - * . . l - - * - . "I tº ... I x * * . "Rºdſ - - #: ...,’ &A Hylºs Hº JSEIHWCIN. * | ... "X^{LSſlCINI. SIHL NI (ISIOWONSI SNOSºfi • 's … • • . & - * - ~$ • ?: *- - “s. * : * ~~~~ - . . - . . . . . . || tºo: *@I "oºq " sºnºrváſ' ſov.& * - * - r - * * - “: - * -- ~~ . . ~~ • *... . . . . . . . . . . . . *— “s - 3 - - : * - - t. “ * . . . w -- * . -r *. - – . . . . ;- ..? is is - ? ... . . . . . . . . . . " . . * . . . ** ... . . . . . ... IIvićfoſ-“gº ºriavi, º, . . . . . . . . . . * * * .." ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .” . . . . . . . . - - - * - - - * . . . . . **— -- a - . “. . . . . . . .” y T. ... . - - - . . . ; - " . .* , “... * *** * * **** * - -- tº--> - sº *— • ‘s * * * * | - v * . . . . ...! -. * . . . ; *...*, *.] vº tº ty {{\ 'Aºssº sºlº tºº, Wº. W. . . . . . . . .” * . . . ;--————-- ~~~~~ ss- . . . . . . º, ::::::, . ** * > . . . ; -*. ., $º * : * *-i- .. x "- * ... . . . * * , * º, *** : & * +. . ... s’ ‘, .. ...s *::::" 3. . . . sº ‘...sº, 3 as 3. , ". - - º * . - º: º - * *~ * r º .*.*.*.x ... º'c'. S-3 º' “. . . . “. . .3, ºs-" " º, • ** J. K. ... Sº, *... • *::: “, * . . . . . *... . . §§ • * * * *. + & ºš 3. * * ::, ºr, ºft §: º, . . . º.º.º. * … j.3 #3 º A 2.3 g sº*&$8- l t * } . *** , º º -: 13 ºf --- ..p. STATISTICS, BY STATES: 1914. EXPENSES. POWER. Salaries and wages. Rent and taxes. For materials. Value Primary horsepower. I'lectric - horse- * X. of * power - Taxes products. - gener- For con- includ: i. t #. Wat ated tract º ing in- Fuel and - . tº- *::: Elec- III officials. | Clººks, Wage Work." | Rent of ternal | Principal º Total. || Steam | }. |".” triº || “...º- " .. etc. earners. factory. revenue materials. || Len-, . . . . (rent- || lish; and cor- power. gines." | "... 1 ed). || ments rººtion en- tors. report- po gines 2 * IIICOIL10. e Ing. $3,693,498 (82,855,406 s48,655,819 $150,185 $138,237 $743,985 s35,081,576 ($10,934,928||siz3,085,019 s?7,068,515 ||163, 139 ||105,061 |43,653 | 201 || 14,224 || 78,672 | 1 194,402 || 249,627 2,692,125 |.......... 1,000 58,969 | 1,850,693 957, 157 || 7,680,343 4,872,493 || 9,685 || 7,740 || 975 |....... 970 || 3,866 2 364,818 ,080 || 5,735, 36,594 || 48,000 92,762 || 5,573,735 | 1,331,688 || 14,881,372 7,975,949 || 16,048 || 6,588 || 7,336 |... . . . . 2,124 || 8,350 3 15,402 || 10,040 367,345 -......... 500 3,868 128, 145 || 73,445 728,681 527,091 195 20 | 162 |... . . . . 13 20 4 55,545 49,951 || 782,860 8 || 15,944 8,533 272,539 127,004 || 1,500,982 1, 101,439 || 1,030 365 || 255 |... - - - - 410 118 || 5 100,167 62,273 | 1,588,448 || 5,200 || 3, 22,669 || 1,069,685 505,103 || 3,882,420 2,307,632 || 12,445 || 7,945 || 4,300 | 200 |... . . . . . 14,822 || 6 218,547 321,510 || 3,770,258 10,083 2,718 48,981 1,749, 159 || 782,033 || 7,597,754 5,066, 562 || 2,897 || 2,451 51 |....... 395 618 7 250,486 || 151,147 | 2,157,555 || 14,332 2, 34,630 | 1,299,266 385,551 || 5, 156,714 || 3,471,897 || 2,415 || 1,365 150 |....... 900 748 || 8 606,903 || 392,764 7,052,666 10,000 | 12,490 ,455 5,369,552 | 1,676,125 || 19, 191,342 | 12, 145,665 || 34,871 || 28,502 || 4,382 |....... 1,987 || 25,318 9 32,159 | 16,393 || 991,958 |..... --------------- 7,361 645,137 74,671 || 2,005,736 | 1,285,928 || 1,29 630 || 525 - - - - - - - 136 535 | 10 1,139,303 || 883,311 15,214,434 47,023 35,972 188,323 11,781,613 3,760,092 || 39,797,822 24,256,117 || 61,399 || 41,517 |16,394 1 3,487 || 19,673 11 23,460 5,976 | 327,752 ----------|---------- 1,704 203,009 || 55,094 || 690,42 2,317 28 155 I.------|------- 131 ||. . . . . . . . 12 544,605 || 278,511 5,672,672 26,460 || 9,823 86,636 3,918,023 | 720, 118 || 14,631, 171 9,993,030 || 14, 120 || 3,595 8,867 |....... 1,658 || 4, 178 13 147,701 || 190,823 2,302,542 485 || 5,940 || 34,094 | 1,221,020 ,847 || 5,340,262 3,632,395 || 6,457 || 4, 1 256 |- - - - - - - 2,013 426 || 14 3 All other states embrace: California, 3 establishments; Louisiana, 2; Massachusetts, 2; Michigan, 2.; Rhode Island, 1; South Carolina, 1; Temnessee, 1; Texas, 2; Washington, 1; Wisconsin, 1. O DEC i 8 1917 *-* , - * - .** * * º*::: * * -4 ". ~ *. º, r ºr: .." º' tº. #: * * . . - * • ‘a". -r- r . 3\", +...+x+. - ... x * * > . . . . ." § 3; $3ºxº~ 2. - . - - * . . ,-º" tº *::::::”; & *:::.. s' . . ." * * : .º.º.º. º.:** f. S.... - *.* ...' #:- § º:'k. ‘. .." ** 'a-º- - * * #3; ºr- **, ºf -, * , 3. 3 * - §§ § § 3; g.º...”.” * t . . * . .” ;: * , 3 º'ºx3A º * . . - 2, . . . .* , - :*., i. #, & *...* *.*.*..., . . . **** * * - * y - J. º,2 * > . ; ... º. -- - - *... * * * -* - 'z-e ‘ - §§ 22*…*&^ --> <---4--…- : *-*-****** * - *- THE UNIVERSITY of Michigan GRADUATE LIBRARY -- DATE DUE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN O15 07327 7561 | 39 * * · *** · §.īzwr *ae à # lº ºść # º º §ºf *:::: - § ::::::::::::::: irºš:::::::::::#; fºg 㺠gºt :*: ### - rºtºzºº; §: :::::::::::::::::::::::: - § º: *zºº'':- Žº º: &s. sº: rºix §§ .º. § 3. ... tº 2: … º. f* Fº: *...:4. ..º.º.º. § ‘…. ºf * : *, r*., $4.3 º, ºxº | : | i. ſ