¿ *...*}, *** * §§§§§ *::: º: , sº º §º ºr " A/Z 22, 273 , C 3 . aſ 37 HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION of the Province of Ontario GTS-3D FIFTH REPORT ALGOMA, THUNDER BAY AND RAINY RIVER DISTRICTS Printed by Order of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. March 15th, 1907 COMMISSION. HON. ADAM BECK, London, Chairman. GEO. PATTINSON, M.P.P., Preston. JOHN MILNE, Hamilton. STAFF- CECIL B. SMITH. . . . . . . . . . . . Chief Engineer. H. G. ACRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asst. Engineer. W. G. CHACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asst. Engineer. S. B. CLEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asst. Engineer. E. RICHARDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical Engineer. A. D. GRIFFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Engineer. F. W. WILKINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Engineer. G. T. JENNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Engineer. E. C. SETTELL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . Secretary. FIFTH REPORT. ALGOMA, THUNDER BAY AND RAINY RIVER DISTRICTS. To His Honour, The Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario:- The whalersigned Commissioners appointed by Your Honour by Commission bearing date the 26th day of January, 1906, beg leave to submit the following as their fifth report upon the matters authorized and directed to be enquired into. Your Commissioners caused enquiries to be made and informa- tion to be obtained from various sources, but did not hold formal sittings in those districts, as the information which was desired for the purposes of this report has been given freely to members of their engineering staff, who have thoroughly canvassed those districts both as to their hydraulic possibilities and present in- dustrial demands. º During the summer of 1906, the members of the Commission, at that time, visited Port Arthur, Fort William and Kenora and exam- ined the water powers and enquired into the conditions at these places. The Engineers’ reports indicate the great hydraulic potentiali- ties of this portion of the Province, and your Commissioners desire to emphasize the value which these water powers have, owing to the wide district traversed by them, in relation to the future develop- ment of the timber and mineral resources of those districts. The detailed scientific and technical information has been obtained at considerable expense and under great difficulties, owing to the rugged natural conditions and unsettled parts through which most of the rivers of those districts flow; it has been tabulated and arranged by the Engineer employed by your Commissioners and is contained in his fifth report, which is submitted as an appendix hereto. The following are the matters on which your Commissioners were authorized and directed to enquire, with the report upon each sub- joined:— A. 8 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 DEMAND FOR ELECTRIC POWER. (1) “The present and probable demand for hydraulic and elec- trical power in the various districts capable of being supplied from the different water powers within the jurisdiction of the Province of Ontario. In this fifth report your Commissioners deal in general with that portion of Ontario comprising the judicial districts of Algoma, Thunder Bay and Rainy River, but have omitted that area north of the height of land owing to the sparseness of population and lack of demand for power in this region. Within the near future with the construction of the Transcontinental, Temiskaming and other railways, it may become advisable to make a fuller investigation of this area. Many towns have been located at the conjunction of railway and water powers. Of these, we may mention Kenora, Fort Frances and Sault Ste. Marie. The prosperity these places have attained is largely due to the development of hydraulic power. The demand for electrical power will, in almost all cases, depend upon the relative cost of electricity as compared with that of steam, gas or other power. The cost of electricity is dependant upon the distance over which it is transmitted and upon the quantity transmitted. As it is only feasible to transmit the power in large quantities, trunk transmission lines capable of carrying large quantities must be constructed at the outset; therefore, the cost in- creases with the distance, and a point is eventually reached at such a distance from the generating station that electrical can no longer compete with steam or other power. It is an interesting fact, however, that at Port Arthur and Fort William, where coal is laid down at a very moderate rate, water- powers have been developed somewhat commensurate with the present requirements, and to such an advantage that a strong feeling exists for increasing the supply of electrical energy by further develop- ments. The exhaust steam and heat from the steam plants of some fac- tories is used in the process of manufacture and for heating pur- poses, which will prevent the adoption of electrical power in some cases, as the cost of steam and heat for manufacturing purposes, apart from power, would increase rather than diminish the expense. 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 9 Also in many instances waste material is used in the pro- duction of steam; such industries have not been included in the consideration of the extent of the market at present in sight. The capital cost of abandoning steam plants would also, in many cases, be considerable; and the ability of small users of power to bear this loss must always be a factor in the finding of a market. As a result of your Commissioners' enquiries in the various towns and villages of these districts as to the present market for electrical power, it would appear that outside of the Victoria Mines, in the vicinity of which there is a completed development which is not at present utilized, there are only two markets at present open for supply, though these may be augmented by future demands of mines, mills, pulp-factories, etc. These are Thessalon and Bruce Mines, which can be supplied from the Mississ- auga River to at least the present demand of 150 H.P. and 500 H.P. respectively, and Port Arthur, which can supplement its present sup- ply of 1,000 H.P., derived from its municipal water power, by the transmission of any quantity of power from the Nepigon Or Kaministiquia Rivers. In the opinion of your Commissioners, the outlook for a plentiful supply of electrical power at moderate rates will be of very great value in the establishment of industries at Port Arthur and Fort William, and as the Kaministiquia Power Co. has already a development de- livering power to the latter city, it has been considered sufficient to indicate, by two estimates, the manner in which power may be most economically supplied to Port Arthur in any quantity likely to be required in the near future with the development of the mineral re- sources of Northern Ontario. It may be confidently anticipated, however, that the water powers adjacent to these mines will be utilized to supply the power required. UNDEl'ELOPED LOCATIONS. (2) “The location, capacity cºnd capital cost of development of the various water powers within the legislative jurisdiction of the Province of Ontario at present undeveloped, but whose development is required to supply the present and probable needs of the surround- ing districts, and to ascertain the cost of the attendant transmission plant necessary to the utilization of electrical and hydraulic powers to be provided from the aforesaid water powers within the respective surrounding districts.” t 10 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 A systematic tabulation of the water powers of the various rivers in this district based upon gaugings and meterings, supplemented by information derived from other sources, has been carried out during the past eighteen months, and although more minute information, particularly with reference to dry-weather flow, could be obtained by continuing the work, it is felt that a fairly accurate hydraulic knowledge of these districts has been obtained. The natural storage of many of the rivers of these districts is very good, but in nearly all instances still better conditions can be obtained by placing dams at the various lake outlets and holding water back for use during the dry season. The Spanish, Vermilion, Onaping, Mississauga, Serpent, Michi- picoten, White, Black Sturgeon, Kaministiquia, Seine and Rainy Rivers are all capable of excellent storage regulation and the waste land, which would be flooded by such action, would be of a rocky character, having little present value. The Nepigon River is so extensive and the lake storage so enormous that it is not probable that any scheme of increasing its storage would be advisable. The Dog Lake development, estimated at 14,000 H.P., can at a comparatively small expense, be doubled in capacity by a dam at the mouth of the lake and proper control of storage secured for a depth of 10 feet. Your Commissioners having considered Port Arthur's present and probable future requirements, have made two estimates for supplying the same, and in Part IV. of the first appendix will be found estimates of the cost of alternative developments for supplying these requirements, and also to supply those of Bruce Mines and Thes- salon from a source on the Mississauga River. Tables IV. and V. give estimates of capital cost and yearly charges on generating plant. RATES AND PRICES. (3) “To ascertain the rates or prices that would require to be chcrged the various classes of consumers of hydraulic or electrical power within the respective districts in order to meet all eacpenditure of maintenance and operation.’’ The ascertainment of the rates that would require to be charged for electrical power in order to meet expenditure of maintenance and operation is based upon the cost of necessary plant for future 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 11 . calls upon it, original cost of construction, cost of maintenance and operation, and the probable market for electrical power, ascertained from local enquiries. e In order to ascertain the cost of delivering power to Port Arthur, Bruce Mines and Thessalon, your Commissioners have caused com- putations to be made for transmission systems and sub-stations for supplying and delivering the power generated at power stations on the Kaministiquia, Nepigon and Mississauga rivers, and in Part V. of the first appendix will be found the necessary calculations, based on delivering 6,000 to 14,000 H.P. at Port Arthur either from the Kaministiquia or Nepigon rivers, and to deliver 150 H.P. at Thes- salon and 1,650 H.P. or 3,300 H.P. at Bruce Mines. This should meet future requirements for some time to come. * Your Commissioners call attention to the fact that when elec- tricity is delivered at municipal sub-stations the cost of distribution to consumers within such municipality must be added to this price in order to determine the cost to the individual municipal consumer. Table X., Part W., also gives data in regard to the cost of sup- plying a particular customer with power at a considerable distance from a sub-station, the total cost to such a consumer being the sub- station cost added to the secondary cost given in this table. POWER SUPPLIED AND UNDER CONTRACT BY THE EXISTING COMPANIES. (a) “The quantities supplied and contracted for and the rates charged and to be charged under such contracts by these companies for hydraulic and electrical power.’’ In Part III. of the first appendix, Table III., and Part IV. of the second appendix will be found listed the amount of machinery installed at various points. It will be noted that pulp grinding, flour grinding and mining operations constitute the pres- ent power market. The prices or rates charged for power and light in various muni- cipalities are given in Table XII of the first appendix, and the Ken- ora rates are given in Part IV. of the second appendix. The difference in prices charged for power and light at Sault Ste. Marie and Kenora is very great, though the conditions are similar, in that both are free from long-distance transmission. == 12 IIydro-Electric Power Cummission. [No. 48 Your Commissioners believe that this and preceding reports cover the whole of the Province with the exception of the James Bay watershed. In making investigations, they have endeavored to get a survey of all important waters, so that the department might have on file particulars of the immense hydraulic resources available. Your Commissioners desire to express their appreciation of the services rendered by the Chief Engineer and the Assistants asso- ciated with him in carrying out their portion of the work. The surveying and measuring of the streams, especially in the northern part of the Province, has called for much arduous work, which necessarily had to be performed under the most difficult con- ditions. APPENDIX . TO F I F T H R E PORT Algoma and Thunder Bay Districts ENGINEER'S REPORT ON THE WATER POWERS AND ON THE GENERA- TION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATED THEREFROM. HONOURABLE ADAM BECK, CHAIRMAN OF THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION: DEAR SIR,- Herewith find my report on Algoma and Thunder Bay Districts, extending northward to the height of land and westward so as to include all of the watershed in the Province of Ontario drain- . ing into Lake Superior and Lake Huron. The report deals with the present consumption of and demand for power, the sources of power developed or undeveloped and dis- cusses in detail certain developments within economical transmission distance of various present markets and indicates the cost of generat- ing and transmitting electrical energy necessary to meet the present requirements, based on 4 per cent. return on investment. Yours Respectfully, CECIL B. SMITH, Chief Engineer. Toronto, CANADA, MARCH 15TH, 1907. PART. * 1 0. 11. FIFTH REPORT. INDEX. SUBJECT. PAGE. Geographical Subdivisions . . . . . '• • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7 Demands for Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sources of Hydro-Electric Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Generation of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Transmission of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Distribution of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.' Motor Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Sinking Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Existing Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Steam Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Producer Gas Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 INDEX TO TABLES AND MAPS. General Map of Algoma District: & 4 ‘‘ ‘‘ Thunder Bay District: Power Conditions—North Shore of Lake Huron, Table I... . . . . . 9 Power Conditions—North Shore of Lake Superior, Table II..... 9 Water Powers on rivers tributary to Lake Huron and Lake Su- perior in Algoma and Thunder Bay, Table III. . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Capital cost of Power Developments, Table IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Annual charges on Generating Plants, Table W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Dog Lake: --- Nepigon River, Cameron Rapids: Mississauga River, Slate Falls: Transmission Details, Table VI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Transformation Details, Table VII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Summation Sheet, Table VIII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Transmission Investments, Annual Charges and Cost of Low- Tension Power at Municipal Sub-stations, Table IX. . . . . . . 23 Cost of Distribution to an Individual Consumer, Table X . . . . 24 Motor Installations, Table XI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Comparative Present Power and Lighting Rates, Table XII . . . . 27 Steam Power Plants, Investments, Charges and Cost of Power, Table XIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Producer Gas Power, Investments, Charges, and Cost of Power, Table XIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Cost of Power-Effect of Variation in Price of Coal, Table XV .. 31 Af, CHA Fi Cotopy # A & E; G ty. A Cº. ſº oº: A:3 Zº cº) @ 62 Aſ CH4fºic ºrton Waji Yy º ". ſpºt cº 7- #-\ «iſ } i A…. S. 3N Miššit{A101 / tº . t \ W i-tºº. 57 A. tº s. 1.1. W.V. *T*. Sº Joseph #St. AMD 0 fºr M M ON 0. } St. A hy D HAPI.EAU, Eaſtogostroń *. tirº, Q 0 $-º Mars .# º, H. - lsº $ i. sº ºf: # , º, * ſº * ſ º: º º #ºver 9 ex,”” !-- # 2 } gº; * C 0 & R G V RM { A $ 1. AM D -* \ woman Rivr.R ºr SºTA. * > º •,• o . º º 2. DUCH & 5 tº ºf sº * - - . ^., ---mi. * * * *. Pino t{} \ ºjº cº -Spanisk pºſt f jºr tº 0. Vº - CN p ** * º Sº º - \ : *CºAhºlas, IN & º /) o 9 Aº \ &\ W ... ſh ºr ºn Sahit …... k; . §§§" * • * \sº tº ** A A \s s- " " \Xs. W’ \ º - º ºtáryº #fff; r ) {\_P lcº ſ º * º CAR 55 3 ſ NJ- C - º | I &d § lº. Minºtic L J ..S. vº $|| Tºktº * Winsºng L ‘S) ...w3.º * 2 /* ºf wºº ſt: • Cº * tº Čſºr oil i - - * s &; ºr t. § Kº - *" #/ sº Z º >y ºf ),ſº * * v)} tr. * † º * 2: - £º. sº º § ~~ =2^ jº Nº. cº Y º 72 Ju cº Yº", $gs: $º 5TAwa.ºx_º º 4. hº rºsiº º A jº Nº. §o C. * - W d fl. - º 3. ºfºº of: * gº º r" 4. †: ** tº . Sºlº *…*** 2 s?%5% *2 30° ož ~/23 º - D f {} M ºe * D , -º - trºº Five Q liſ'ſ: HD D - * ?- * Ç (Jº KENNABU roºm-º: , , , + |- - - *5 & tºs l Bear LT&S.) *::::::: **s S&P - **** Penaº *~}=-3 I sºft Ç tº- wº d * ***"...., , Q ºflººr C L G ºr F. 4) f $ 1 AM t; - º £eſ: Wh le? º: *...*…[Z_3: L! TTLE * tºº BAR R. E. C. V. Rºgh'ſ #5 I.A.A. f. GORE BAY J/5 Ca peº ~~~~<=>s 4 4,- foºt. Awa th rthur. Dulº ORT AH THUR º º &ont will 1431 Wakae Exa Fatts | SS SS-25 &- $y *Y. *** **ri ré. 3-e- º (? f - - O & U E e v c : i o n S P <5 CO fr. E R - $fy. * - Land. ---- ** "a 2” \ N Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario -T- i- :- =r - -- 3/ - º N - -º- N/ <=i- O -f - *5 -, - i-r A # N. THUNDER BAY DISTRICT - *~ F ETFEDE F - ---------→ *-m-- / .. | - `-- Tr * -- wº v e^** 5.hoxving the le clah i or of - A 'N º ...” ...” |-easº" water Powers and Ad a cent. In a vstrial Centre+ ~ * º *. •º -- riº ºr $/ s:-- S. - A-e- ** ºc. Scale of Miles s' / r * *-----... *-** Lºs - ***** falsº H- HTTE #- g # z ºf 2 : i # # : */ Marshall H } & - `s. : ºr. Lake { * º, ~~~~~~n Trans mis-1 on L-ºries Cens frests a `s. / - - •, $. ſe-- take - / Iron deposits § * - * = -- * - - [ranem is eier, i=ines—Fre P==== €2. - $º º Iren º Failways ~. “º * • * it tººl ~ ...” *... & G/º --~~ º - § | Pige Lake cº \_2^ / Jakršº s (/ Duck t-. {B Propes.ed Foxer house Jan. 21: 1397 `--> - r & - *" ~3422 Hana º:*. º -- sſ - - War on 3 k. 24% ~. W. Ø -St. º ſº \ is ºw Y--~ Gº + * Wrºiſ-e- *- † § } "N **-...-. Y !-- \\ } <> & / Ş. * o Kawakash;area b-. `-- */ S/\":::: 33 | © . º \ .* Q º à SS | +. º - [. º 0 ZZ + Bryan Clift. Wabincash cº ...? Balls L. º \ Findlay lake & * C. D º *\º. - ©2 - Fair | Esq l O G Pºirº. L. ::::: 5 Mºsings. Bay º Red $3 £2 : ſhtord L. 523 | - aff spring water Wºr o,° o o º evº" {} : - iškirić er, \S & R& CU att Spring L- - ſº - - § - 2° :* - :. \ § {}'} "a (, $ | - 4T K. \ #. | - º Q ~. G Iron deposits .* } N. J. # *-- - - - .* J / # º | J §§ / - º _* reenwºrk 3% .9 º d - / º Bl * º efe-re *.*. : C2 º - - ** º “re º \ / 2/2 - º ºgº *# * > | “. : \ <% º : #.g' ſº Sº - \ -- * * * * .5 Emma Sh & L S. - $/ ſ +. N #) Š% / y \ / - CŞ ū `s N º / º • Se S$ / % Fº *Y. - */ - º à WN ſº # iV _tº ! Lake Helen º I | | - ſ + \ Fº | * ſ * T. º, - 5.T.A. ſº *Av Ahi tº ſº. “A tº: & | *([X. £ºt in º.º. tº ñº - ! º i Q. - ſ Li wroenre Wºº ! $5 .* A. º Fre. ºfºruel arº Ü) J 0 N EP I G O N BAY- Ż ..:” – §.” & - & & --> s” ſº ** 5. ** _º Ö * •o Qº º §§§ Sº { * § __*-m- {) $º *º->= feº S- º 2. º i. |Sº, -* r C-, . --~. * RS: 'o (~/ **- s & º Sée & * $3. > - Šs & <- * * Q 500 Available power on Mississauga River. S. S. Marie. . . . 8,763 8,000 1,800 3,500 Power developed at St. Mary's Rapids. Steelton. . . . . . . Available power at St. Mary's Rapids. TABLE II. POWER CONDITIONS. NORTH SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR. Steam Average | Average | Maximum | Power Popula- Total | Hydraulic | Hydro- | Available Town. tion Power POWer Electric for Electric Remarks. * |Used. TJsed Power Installa- H.P. Direct. Developed tion. H.P. |BI.P. H.P. Port Arthur... 10,206 4,000 tº e a 950 2,400 Available power in Current, Nepigon and Kaministiquia Rivers. Current River at present de- veloped by munici- * ; Fort William... 10,426 6,000 1,500 900 Available power on Nepigon and Kam- inistiquia Rivers. 10 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 PART III. SOURCES OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER. Of the rivers flowing into Lake Huron along the north shore, the Spanish, Vermilion and Mississauga are the most important as re- gards size and hydro-electric possibilities, numerous water powers ad- mitting of more or less economical development existing on these rivers. Two plants are at present in operation on the Spanish River, furnishing power for pulp mills and mines. This district contains valuable timber and mineral areas, fac- tors which will in the near future have an important bearing in de- termining the economic value of the available water powers. Rivers of lesser importance in the same district are the Blind, Sable, Serpent, Onaping and Whitefish. At the head of Lake Huron is the important international power of the Sault Rapids on the St. Mary’s River, which takes the total run-off of the Lake Superior basin. This power is partially developed on both sides of the river and forms the basis of operation for the industries established and controlled by the Lake Superior Corpora- tion at Sault Ste Marie. Along the north shore of Lake Superior, many fine water powers exist, which, in many cases have but little present economic value; exceptions being the Nepigon, Kaministiquia and Current Rivers, the importance of which is due to the fact that they are within transmis- sion distance of the rapidly increasing power markets of Fort Wil- liam and Port Arthur, and, especially in the case of the Nepigon, are of sufficient extent to use for grinding the pulp output of the Nepigon watershed. In the following table is given a list of water powers in the ter- ritory covered by the report. As a rule, only those powers possess- ing fairly good natural head have been included in this list, but it should be understood that in many localities, rapids, or series of rap- ids, could be drowned out, and an artificial head created by means of a dam. In most cases, the question of back-water damage would not be a serious one, so that the heads obtainable would be limited only by the capital investment in connection with the dam construction. 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 11 The figures in the second column of this table indicate uniform low- water flow only, and it must be understood that in practically all cases enough local pondage can be obtained above the headworks to provide for a considerably increased peak capacity. It is not gen- erally feasible, however, to obtain in this way storage sufficient to materially augment the natural dry-weather flow over a greater period than that required to take care of the daily variation of load demands, without a large relative expenditure for impounding storage reservoirs. To this general observation, there are two notable exceptions, namely, Lake Nepigon, with 1,500 square miles of area, and Dog and Shebandowan Lakes, with 100 square miles of area, serving to create natural storages, which, in the case of Dog Lake, can be enormously increased in value by the expenditure of a small sum for construction of a dam at the outlet of the lake, which will raise the lake level ten to fifteen feet during high-water and hold the same for use when re- Quired at low-water periods. TABLE III. Water powers in the districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay on rivers tributary to Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Estimated Minimum | Present I,Ow 24 hr Installa- Water-power, Head Water P º Rennarks. OWer. tion. Flow H.P H P C.F.S. * * * & Feet. SPANISH RIVER : Espanola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 1,800 10,145 10,000 Spanish River Pulp and Paper Co. Nairn Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1,027 2,620 High Falls::. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 1,027 7,936 5,400 C inada Copper Co. Norway Falls and Rapids...| 40 935 3,400 s tº e & Lot 9, Con. 1, Hyman. Township, No. 108. . . . . . . . . . 14 935 1,190 • s º s Above Agnes River. Township, No. 108.......... 32 835 2,429 . is tº sº & Below “ tº 4 Metagama (rapids). . . . . . . . . 27 400 980 § { “. . . . . . . . . . 16 400 580 Biscotasing “ . . . . . . . . 26 266 630 VERMILION RIVER: Wabageshik Rapid.......... 15 720 980 { { Chute . . . . . . . . 42 720 2,750 Soo Line Crossing. . . . . . . . . 15 700 955 Island Rapids............... 11 667 667 Cascade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 667 1,150 Big Stoby Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 640 2,040 1,350 Ver. River Pewer Co. C.P.R. Crossing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 500 500 Larchwood........ . . . . . . . . . . 9 500 410 Onwatin Lake... . . . . . . . . . . . 18 193 313 * 12 Hydro-Electric Power Cummission. [No. 48 TABLE III.-Water-powers in the districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay on rivers tributary to Lake Huron and Lake Superior.—Continued. r Estimated Minimum | Present Low 24 hr Installa- Water-power. Water Power tion Remarks Flow º: H.P. C.F.S. tº - ºl • * * ONAPING RIVER : . High Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 3,460 Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 410 Fall and Rapids........ . . . . 240 480 Rapids........... . . . . . . . tº a tº º 180 278 Onaping Chute (outlet)..... 147 147 WHITE-FISH RIVER : White-fish Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 500 At mouth of River. Charleton “ ............ 85 450 Long Lake.................. 80 116 Combined with 9 ft. fall. SABLE RIVER : Bridge Rapids .............. 230 167 Spanish Chute.............. 230 805 % mile from Massey. Graveyard Chute. . . . . . . . . . . 230 1,130 Island Rapids............... 230 334 Crooked “ ....... © e º a s a s s 230 397 Meareau “ . . . . . . . .......... 230 755 Cameron Falls.............. 230 940 Long Rapids................ 230 334 Ragged Rapids ............. 200 435 McKee Falls................ 160 567 High Falls.............. . . . . 130 603 SERPENT RIVER : McCarthy's Chute .......... 154 855 1st Log-slide ................ 140 800 2nd “ ............... 140 460 3rd “ ................ 140 330 #. " . . . . . . . . . ........ 140 242 all and Rapids below Whiskey L.;* * * * * * a e s e s = 40 128 Rapids at Big Bear Lake ... 40 116 BLIND RIVER : e Biind River................. 96 105 80 Canada Saw Mill Co. Cataract Falls .............. 87 182 º e White Falls........... . . . . . . 87 435 7% miles from Blind River. High Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 245 Chiblow Lake (outlet)... . . . 87 356 MISSISSAUGA RIVuk : 1st Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050 1,910 2nd Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050 2,000 #Slate Falls.................. 1,050 3,045 tº e Lot No. 12, Con. 6, Glad- Stone. 4th Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 1,390 5th Fall..................... 850 2,400 Squaw Chute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 ,350 Aubrey Falls and Rapids... 750 7,980 Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 915 Head of Lake Minneesagua 360 425 all . . . . . . . . . . 180 342 { { “ . . . . . . . . . . 160 555 WHITE RIVER : (E. Branch Mississauga). Bells Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 327 White Falls................. 100 145 ST. MARY RIVER : - Soo Rapids........ . . . . . . . . . . 60,000 98,200 6,500 Lake Superior Power Company. 1907] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 13 TABLE III.---Water-powers in the districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay on rivers tributary to Lake Huron and Lake Superior.---Continued. Esºted Minimum | Present 24 hr. Installa- Water-power. Head | Water Power tion Remarks. Flow H.P. H.P. C.F.S. tº dº, e. tº ºn to Feet. GOULAIS RIVER : Lower Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 200 1,109 Upper Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 125 591 CHIPPEwA RIVER : Fall at mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 85 470 *iº. RIVER : all at mouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2nd Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . # #} § Artificial head. Mº. RIVER : (Algoma) all at mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 340 5,100 Upper Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 340 5,250 Algoma Central cross AGAWA RIVER : ing. Fall at mouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 175 1,430 Includin backing up On *ś. #º. : rapids 10 ft. Michipicoten Falls.......... Cat Portage Falls........... i; § {# 2,100 Algoma Power Co. Pigeon Falls................ 18 356 '535 Stony Portage Falls. . . . . . . . 91 234 1,940 º RIVER : irst Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . © e Second Fall................. 27 292 715 First and second Fall Third Fa11 • 22 292 585 would be combined • * * * * * * * * * * * * * g e º 'º' 32 240 697 by 1116-811S of 8. dam MAGPIE RIVER : at first fall. 1st Fall, 2nd Fall, 3rd Fall.. #................... # ; #; At mouth of river. th Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y 63 256 1,470 4 miles from Helen DOG RIVER : Mine. Denison Falls .............. 140 125 1,590 WHITE RIVER : 1st Fa11 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 50 500 2,280 6 miles from L. Su- 2nd “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perior. 40 500 1,820 tº e s tº 6% miles from L. Su- 3rd “ . . . ................. perior. • * 20 500 910 6% miles from L. Su- 4th “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perior. • * 35 500 1,590 11% miles from L. Su- 5th “ ....... tº * * * * = a + v e a e e perior. tº gº 20 450 820 11% miles from L. Su- 6th “ . . ................... perior. 145 450 5950 12% miles from L. Su- 7th “ . . . . . . ............... perior. e tº 50 450 2,046 13% miles from L. Su- 8th “ .................... er1Or. 50 300 1,360 32 miles from I, Su- 9th “ ..................... perlor. • 20 300 545 27 . below Monti- 10th “ . . . . . . . . . ............ Zambert. * * * * * * * * * * 33 250 750 25 ºte below Monti- 11th “ .................... zambert. e is tº e s is tº e 20 225 410 15 miles below Monti- PIC RIVER : - zambert. Lake Superior Portage. . . . . 51 140 650 60 miles above Lake Su- White Qtter Falls .......... 42 130 495 perior. Sand Hill Portage. . . . . . . . . . 115 130 1,360 14 [No. 48 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. TABLE III.---Water-powers in the districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay on rivers tributary to Lake Huron and Lake Superior.—Concluded. Estimated Minimum Low Present Water-power. Head | Water P. hr. Installa- Remarks. OWer. tion. Flow H. H. H. P C. F.S. e = * g. * STEEL RIVER : Simpson's Stretch.... . . . . . . 71 150 970 7 miles from Jackfish. BLACK RIVER : Falls at mouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 75 725 7 miles east of Schreiber. NEPIGO N RIVER : * #Cameron Rapids...., . . . . . . . 39 5,500 19,500 14 miles from Nepigon Station. Split Rock.................. 15 5,500 7,500 Island Portage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 5,500 4,750 Pine Portage Rapids........ White Chute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5,500 6,000 Victoria Rapids. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5,500 5,000 Camp Miner Rapids........ 7 5,500 3,500 º Virgin Falls. . . . . * * * * e s e e = * * * 25 5,500 12,500 30 miles from Nepigon Station. Flat Rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.500 19,000 NEPIGON TRIBUTARIES : STURGEON RIVER No-ga-mi-non. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 250 955 Adjacent to iron deposits Beaver Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 250 635 RED PAINT RIVER : 125 No valuable water power. OMBABIKA RIVER : 120 Good storage but no valuable power. MUD RIVER : WABINOSH : Not explored. GULL RIVER : BLACK STURGEoN RIvER: 150 No valuable water power. WOLF RIVER : First Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 100 270 Second Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 100 380 CURRENT RIver : tº e Falls at mouth......... . . . . . 86 *130 1,020 1,100 Port ºur Municipal Plant. Cascades . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 100 *100 910 KA MINISTIQUIA RIVER : fMt. McKay and Kakabeka tº Falls Ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 , 830 1,887 Lot 2, Block A, Pai- poonge. Kakabeka Falls and Ecarte e º a tº $ Rapids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 800 13,100 10,000 kaºistiqua Power O. Rapids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 800 728 Rapids... . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * 33 450 1,350 * º #Dog Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 450 14,200 25 miles from Port Arthur. PIGEON RIVER : High Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 125 1,250 At mouth of River. Cascades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 60 545 ARROW RIVER : High Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 60 202 At mouth of River. KAWA-KASHKAGAMA RIVER : A Upper Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 100 127 North of height of land, Howard Falls............... 21 100 190 (tributary to Keno- gami.) tRnoposed development, * Fstimated flow dependent upon adequate storage facilities (Fannings' report.) 1907] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 15 PART IV. GENERATION OF POWER. In the district covered by this Report, there are comparatively few power developments in existence at the present time. Several of these, however, are of considerable magnitude. In the field of local distribution are included the Spanish River Pulp and Paper Co., Canada Saw Mill Co., Lake Superior Power Co. and the Port Arthur Municipal Plant. The plant of the Spanish River Pulp & Paper Co. is located at Espanola on the Spanish River. The total development is for 15,- 000 H.P., of which about 10,000 H. P. is being used at the present time, 8,000 H.P. being taken by direct connected pulp grinders and the remainder on lighting, motor and other loads. The Canada Saw Mill Co. utilizes a small power at the mouth of the Blind River. The total output is required for the lighting load of the Company’s mills and the Town of Blind River. At Sault Ste Marie, the plant of the Lake Superior Power Co. has a turbine capacity of about 6,500 H.P. Of this 3,800 H.P. is electrical and the remainder is consumed by direct-connected pulp grinders and other pulp-mill machinery. The Port Arthur Municipal Plant takes its water supply from the Current River. The maximum load on the plant is in the neigh- borhood of 800 H.P., which under present conditions is excessive. Steps are being taken to improve the storage facilities of the upper river in order to provide for 1,000 H.P. additional maximum ca- pacity. Of the Companies transmitting at high potential, the Canada Copper Co. and the Kaministiquia Power Co. are the only ones in operation at present. The power station of the Canada Copper Co. is located at Turbine on the Spanish River, and energy is transmitted twenty-two miles to the Company’s plant at Copper Cliff over a du- plicate transmission line, at 34,000 volts, three-phase 25-cycles. The present capacity of the plant is 5,400 H.P. and two additional units of 2,700 H.P. each are to be installed this year, making 10,800 H.P. in all. 16 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 The Kaministiquia Power Co. has an extensive plant at Kakabeka Falls on the Kaministiquia River, with a partial installation of 10,000 H.P., which, it is stated, is shortly to be doubled. The plant is in operation at present and transmits power over a 25-mile double trans- mission line to Fort William at 25,000 volts, 3-phase, 60-cycles. At Big Stoby Falls on the Vermilion River is the plant of the Vermilion River Power Co., which has an installation of 1,350 H.P. capacity. This plant is within transmission distance of Victoria Mines, Copper Cliff and Sudbury, but is not in operation at present. The Algoma Power Co. has a plant under construction at Michi- picoten Falls, on the Michipicoten River. This plant is to have an initial capacity of 2,100 H.P., the prospective market being the neigh- boring mines, of which there are a considerable number, the estimated demand being about 1,500 H.P. The Mount McKay & Kakabeka Falls Power Co. propose to de- velop a 25-foot head on the Kaministiquia River in the Township of Paipoonge, about seven miles from Fort William, where it is the in- tention to drown out a series of rapids by means of a dam. Under dry weather conditions, the flow would be sufficient to generate 1,500 H.P., but with storage and regulation, such as will be necessary in connection with plants on the upper river, this output could be doubled. The capital investment necessary in this case will be very heavy, owing to the extensive dam construction. It is understood that this power is required chiefly for the operation of a suburban electric railway. A considerable number of towns in this district have sufficient water power latent in their immediate neighborhood to supply their probable needs when the demand arises. Of these the following may be mentioned: Schreiber, 725 H.P. on the Black River, 7-mile trans- mission; Jackfish, 970 H.P. on the Steel River, 7-mile transmission; White River, 200 H.P. on the White River, adjacent to town; Blind River, 435 H.P. on the Blind River, 7 1-4-mile transmission; Massey, 805 H.P. on the Sable River, 1-2-mile transmission. As a result of investigation as to present and probable immediate future demands for power in this district, three tentative schemes of development have been considered, by which these demands could be most reasonably met. They are, (1) Dog Lake, at the head waters 1907] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 17 of the Kaministiquia, 347 feet natural head; (2) Cameron Rapids on the Nepigon, 39 feet natural head; (3) Slate Falls on the Mississauga 31 feet natural head. (1) Dog Lake Development: This power is situated about 25 miles northwest of the towns of Port Arthur and Fort William. An effective head of 310 feet can be obtained by utilizing the difference in level between Big Dog and Little Dog Lake. The distinguishing feature of the development would be the construction of about 3,500 feet of head-water tunnel. The value of this power is due to the high head and the exceptionally good storage facilities of Dog Lake, which has an area of 53 square miles. (2) Cameron Rapids Development: This power is situated on the Nepigon River, about 14 miles north of Nepigon Station. The very considerable economic importance of this power is due to the fact, already mentioned, that it is within transmission distance of Port Arthur and Fort William, and that it is available for the de- velopment of the extensive pulpwood areas of the Nepigon water- shed. In addition to this, the remarkably favorable topographical conditions in the neighborhood of the power-site, and the magnificent storage facilities offered by Lake Nepigon, with its 1,500 square miles of area, which would obviate all necessity for artificial regulation for some time to come, combine to make this a most attractive proposition from an engineering standpoint. (3) Slate Falls Development: This power is situated on the Mississauga River about 25 miles from the town of Bruce Mines. A head of 40 feet can be obtained here, and in view of the natural con- dutions, the scheme of development is simple. No natural storage basins are available in the vicinity, but the dam necessary for the de- velopment will provide storage sufficient for any daily peak load within the limit of the temporary overload capacity. Details as to horse power to be developed, capital costs and annual charges will be found in table IV. and V. following. These estimates are based on information collected by the Commission's engineers and on such other information as was available and known to be authentic. In the half-load estimates, it is assumed that permanent works for full capacity will be constructed at the outset. This includes dam, forebay, foundations, buildings, etc. 18 [No. 48 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. r TABLE IV. ESTIMATED CAPITAL COST OF DEVELOPMENTS. Net amount of power to be developed. Total capital cost. Cost per H.P. H.P. Location of water-power. Full Half Full Half Full Half Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. Dog Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,675 6,840 $832,000 $619,700 $61 00 $91 00 Cameron Rapids. . . . . . . . . . 16,350 8,250 815,000 600,000 50 00 73 00 Slate Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,686 1,843 357,600 260,000 97 00 141 00 The capital cost in each case includes step-up transformer sta- tions, one reserve unit in excess of each of the above mentioned capacities and a spare transformer in each station. ESTIMATED ANNUAL CHARGES ON GENERATING PLANTS. Dog Lake. Cameron Rapids. Slate Falls. Items. gº Full FHalf Full Half Full Half Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. | Capacity. Wages administration, step-up transformer losses... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13,760 $11,296 $16,375 $14,390 $6,000 $6,000 Maintenance and repairs 16,427 10.632 17,327 11,478 6,634 3,868 Replacement fund........ 15,927 10,132 16,727 10,978 6,334 3,669 Interest at 4 per cent...... 33,278 24,787 32,561 4,008 14,303 10,400 Total annual charges. $79,392 $56,847 $82,990 $60,854 $33,271 23,937 TRANSMISSION OF POWER. In connection with the hydraulic developments dealt with in the previous section, three specific transmission schemes have been as- sumed as best meeting present and probable future power require- 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 19 ments. They are as follows: (1) A line from Dog Lake to Port Arthur, Fort William and vicinity; (2) a line from Cameron Rapids on the Nepigon to Port Arthur, Fort William and vicinity; (3) a line from Slate Falls on the Mississauga, to Thessalon and Bruce Mines. Detailed estimates on these schemes will be found in table WI. In all cases, the use of a high-class wood pole has been assumed, with telephone wires on the same poles. The transmission table (VI.) shows the capital cost and annual charges on the transmission lines from the step-up transformer station at the various points of develop- ment to the step-down stations at points of local distribution. The annual charges include depreciation and repairs, interest and cost of patrol. The table of transformation details gives particulars concerning the proposed transformer stations. In all cases, the stations are as- sumed as being built for full capacity at the outset, with equipment to be installed as required. The transformation charges provide for municipal taxes on building, insurance, depreciation, engineering and contingencies, and interest during construction. The summation sheet contains the charges for transmission, trans- formation and administration chargeable to each municipality, to which is added in each case the cost of power at the generating sta- tion The final column is for 24-hour power at low-tension bus-bars of the various municipal substations. In Table IX. is shown in condensed form the total investment and the annual charges for transmission and stepdown transforma- tion: also the cost per annum per horse-power ready for distribution from the low-tension bus-bars in the various towns. Š º | TABLE VI. TRANSMISSION DETAILS. * SEIOWING CAPITAL COST AND ANNUAL CHARGES. Item. Dog Lake to Port Arthur 33,000 V. 60 Cycles. Cameron Rapids to Port Arthur 60,000 V. 60 Cycles. slatº Falls O Bruce Mines 40,000 V. 60 Cycles. Slate t Falls O Thessalon 40,000 V. 60 Cycles. Full Half tº g Full Half Full Half Full Half Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. Capacity. Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. Miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 75 75 26 26 16 16 Area of Conductors—M.c.1m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 150 190 95 83 83 83 83 Capital Cost per Mile — Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,603.00 2,831.00 4,524.00 2,292.00 4,008.00 3,919.70 91.00 174.30 Right of way protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 195.70 191.70 4.30 8.30 Engineering and contingencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,140.00 586.00 925.00 478.00 839.00 821.50 19.00 36.50 Total..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,843.00 3,517.00 5,549.00 2,870.00 5,037.70 4,932.90 114.30 219. 10 Total capital cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $171,075.00 $87,925.00 ($416,175.00 ($215,250.00 $65,503.20 $63,823.70 || $1,828.80 || $3,509.30 Capital Charges per Mile :- & st Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.75 171.25 305.40 155.10 276.76 271.08 6.30 11.98 Right of way protection..... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 10.75 10.50 .25 .50 Engineering and contingencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.65 35.35 62.20 32.10 57.48 56.30 1.31 2.49 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.90 212.10 |#, W 373 10 192.70 344. , 337.88 7.86 14.97 Total capital charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,297.00 $5303.00 || $27,981.00 || $14,452.00 $4,477.24 $4,363.48 J25.76 239.52 atrol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . je is s is e º e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s e s s is a 900.00 900.00 2,250.00 2,250.00 ,012 986.70 28.00 53.30 Total annual charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,197.00 $6,203.00 $30,231.00 $16,702.00 $5,489.00 $5,350.00 $15.4.00 $293.00 Loss of power, H. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.00 460.00 1,900.00 945.00 167.00 38.00 4.00 2.00 M TABLE VII. TRANSFORMATION DETAILS. SHOWING CAPITAL COSTS AND. ANNUAL CHARGES. Port Arthur (Dog Lake Scheme.) Port Arthur (Cameron Rapids ) Bruce Mines (Slate Falls ) Thessalon (Slate Falls.) Itenn. & Full Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Capacity. Capacity. Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. Capacity, H.P.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & s e e 12,382 6,187 14,025 7 O1() 3 300 1,650 150 150 Capital Cost:- 8 . * -, Building and lot. . . . . . tº gº e s ſº tº gº tº e º is © & E é º a s e e º s e e .....| 16,000.00 | 16,000.00 || 21,000.00 21 UU0.00 7,000 00 7,000.00 3,000.00 #5 Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {º} tº e º te is gº tº e g º is e º s a e e 90,780.00 53.385.00 95 055.00 tº 000.00 43,955.00 28,015.00 | 11,435.00 rtſ ºf Engineering and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº ſº e e 10,578.00 6,839.00 11,605.00 8,300.00 5.196.00 3,502:00 1,444.00 § 3. Interest during construction.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,327.00 1,504.00 2,553.00 1826.00 1,143.00 770.00 3.18.00 3 O — — * = : ; Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $118,685.00 $76,728.00 $130 213.00 $93,126.00 $58,294.00 $39,287.00 || $16,197.00 3 3 ---------- **-** (J & ' Annual Charges:– t; g (1) Maintenance and depreciation ..... * * * * * * * * * , , s a tº e 6,236.00 3,012.00 6,483 00 || 4,254.00 3,090.73 1,544.09 749.88 E & Interest, 4 per cent. . . . . . . . . . tº tº ſº e º gº tº & 9 tº # 8 ºn tº º e s tº $ 4 º 'º e & 4,747.00 3,071.00 5,209.00 3,725.00 2,331.76 1 571. 48 647.88 § -: Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000.00 4,000.00 5,000.00 4,500.00 4,400.00 4,000.00 1,000.00 3. Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,983.00 || $10,083.00 $16,692.00 || $12,479.00 $9,882.00 $7,476 00 $2,398.00 $2,398.00 § | Nº § º | TABLE VIII. SUMMATION SHEET. SHOWING ANNUAL COST OF POWER ON 24 HOUR BASIS AT SUB-STATION LOW TENSION BUS-BARs. * Port Arthur Port Arthur Bruce Mines." Thessalon (Slate Falls.) (Dog Lake.) (Cameron Rapids.) (Slate Falls.) Item. Full Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. Capacity. Population :- 10,206 10,206 860 g 1,350 Annual Charges :- Generation, including step-up transformation..... 79,392 56,847 82,990 60,854 31,825 22,109 1,446 1,828 Transmission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,197 6,203 30,231 16702 5,489 5,350 154 293 Step-down transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,983 10,083 16,692 12,479 9,823 7,476 2,398 2,398 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,850 4,820 6,656 6,097 1,434 1,375 66 125 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * e º e º 'º a # * * * * s s s a tº e $112,422 $77,953 $136,569 $96,132 $48,571 $36,310 $4,064 $4,644 Total H.P. developed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,100 7,050 16,850 8,500 3,620 1,787 165 163 Net H. P. delivered, all losses deducted..... . . . . . . . . 12,382 6,187 14,025 7,010 3,300 1,650 150 150 Total annual cost of 24-hour power at low tension bus-bars, step-down transformer station....... $9.10 $12.60 $9.75 $13.70 $14.72 $22.00 $27.10 $30.92 TABLE IX. TRANSMISSION INVESTMENTS. ſ Itelli. Total H.P. distributed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Investment, including step-uow 11 li auston mer stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment per H.P. delivereu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total annual repairs, depreciation, operation and ad- ministration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest, 4 per cent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . * c e º e s is ſº a s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cost of 24-hour power per annum, including line and transformer losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * is & B e. e s is sº e º e Port Arthur Port A1 thur Bruce Mines Thessalon (Dog Lake.) (Cameron Rapids.) (Slate Falls.) (Slate Falls) Full Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. | Capacity. | Capacity. Capacity. 12,382 6,187 14,025 7,010 3,300 1,650 150 150 289,760 164,653 451,558 308,376 123,977 103,111 18,026 19,706 $23.40 $26.60 $32.20 $44.00 $37.55 $62 50 $121.00 $131.20 14,600 9,700 28,861 16,846. 10,353 8,702 1,831 1,903 11,590 6,586 18,062 12,335 4,959 4,124 721 788 $26,190 $16,286 $46,923 $29,181 $15,312 $12,826 $2,552 $2,691 $9.10 $12.60 $9.75 $13.70 $14.72 $22.00 $27, 10 $30.92 § § 24 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 INDIVIDUAL TRANSMISSION. The various sub-stations have been estimated on the basis of transformation down to 2,200 volts, but the cost of distribution of power at this voltage will be dealt with in Part VI. Many instances arise, however, in which it is desired to supply a single large con- sumer or a small municipality at some distance from a sub-station. When this is the case the following table may be made use of. The total cost of power to such a consumer is ascertained by adding the rate per H.P. from this table to the cost of power at the nearest municipal sub-station. The charges for such a branch transmission do not include any allowance of right of way or telephone, it being assumed that the highways would be available for such low voltage lines. TABLE X. SHOWING COST OF DISTRIBUTION FROM MUNICIPAL SUB-STATION TO AN INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER, NOT COVERED BY Local DISTRIBUTION. Pistange in Cost per Horse-Power per Annum for the Delivery of Various Amounts of Power. Miles from Municipal Sub-station. 50 H.P. 75 H.P. 100 H.P. 150 H.P. 200 H.P. 250 H.P. 300 H.P. 2 $5.58 $4.20 $3.53 $2.92 $2.74 $2.60 $2.51 3 6.89 5 20 4.41 3.60 3.25 3. 10 3.03 O 4 7. 92 6.18 5.20 4.27 3.93 3.72 3.86 ; 5 8.87 7, 18 5.98 || 4.96 4.55 || 4.32 4.17 | * 6 10.20 8.24 6.77 5.38 5. 13 4. 60 4.43 8 14.10 10. 14 8.40 6.97 6 24 5 79 ...); cº's 10 16. 12 12. 13 9.54 8.31 7.68 6.96 || 6.17) -- | 12 18.76 14.03 11. 12 10. 12 8.42 7.96 ...}; <--º-º-º-º-º-ºm-ºw- lſº wº: 15 22.74 17.08 || 13.48 || 10.89 9.35 8.84 8.32 ſ : DISTRIBUTION OF POWER. The cost of distribution from the municipal sub-stations to the consumers’ premises varies widely with different conditions and de- 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 25 pends upon the distances involved, the magnitude of the demands of individual consumers and the grouping of these consumers. This cost of distribution will not necessarily, however, give the increase of cost to the consumer above that paid for the power by the municipality unless a method of charging be chosen which will take into account the difference between the sum of the consumers’ maximum demands and the maximum demand on the station. If the charging rate for power were one composed of a flat rate based on maximum demand plus a rate per k.w-hour or H.P.-hour actually * registered by meter, then it would be approximately correct to say that the combined rate per H.P. to the consumer should be the same as the cost of power at the sub-station plus the cost per H.P. of the distribution service. Besides this the ordinary municipality has such various means of modifying the rates for power, such as limited-hour contracts with motor users, contract with summer users of electric power, etc., that fair rates could only be established after a careful study of the actual conditions after operations were begun. Under average conditions in a town demanding 1,000 H.P. or over, it could reasonably be expected that 10-hour power could be sold at the same or even a lower rate, if based on maximum demand, than that charged the municipality for 24-hour power at the sub-stations. In other words, the municipality might expect to profit sufficiently from over- lapping peaks, 24-hour power for lighting, pumping, general motor users, etc, etc., to pay the cost of its distribution. PART VII. MOTOR INSTALLATIONS. To complete the information regarding the cost of electric power to the consumer, the following table is given, showing the cost of in- duction motor service per H.P. per year. 26 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 TABLE XI. CAPITAL COST AND ANNUAL CHARGES ON MOTOR INSTALLATIONS, POLYPHASE, 6O-CYCLE INDUCTION MOTORS. ANNUAL CHARGES. Capacity. | Capital Cost per H.P. H.P. Installed. | * Interest Depreciation • Oil, Care and Total per H.P. 5% and Repairs, 6% Operation. per Annum. 5 $39.00 $1.95 $2.34 $4.00 $8.29 10 36.00 1.80 2. 16 3,00 6.96 15 30.00 1.50 1.80 2.50 5.80 25 25.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 4.75 35 22.00 1. 10 1.32 1, 75 4.17 50 20.00 1.00 1.20 1.50 3.70 75 19.00 .95 1. 14 1.25 3.34 100 17.00 .85 1.02 1.00 2.87 150 15.00 .75 .90 8 2.45 200 14 00 . 70 84 70 2.24 By combining the costs given in this table with the cost of dis- tributed power, as indicated in Part VI., the final or total charge per H.P. per year will be obtained. --- PART VIII. SINKING FUND. In the above estimates for transmission and transformation, de- preciation and replacement have been provided for which would re- place the different classes of plant in periods ranging from 15 to 30 years. The charges would, therefore, amply serve the purpose of any sinking fund which might be considered needful. In the case of the generating plant estimates, however, these charges would not be suf- ficient for such a purpose in the so-called permanent portions of the development, comprising the dam, head-works, power house, etc. A forty-year sinking fund to cover these portions of the de- velopment amounting, on the average, to about $50 expenditure per H.P. of capacity would require a charge of $0.55 per H.P. to repay this expenditure in 40 years, interest being calculated at 4 per cent. PART IX. EXISTING RATES. In Table XII., following, will be found a statement of the light- ing and power rates in a number of municipalities throughout the district:— TABLE XII. EXISTING RATES. | Incandescent Lighting. Power. - Street Commercial. Residential. scºe Municipality. Lighting º Flat rate O Control per Year Meter-rate | Flat rate |Meter-rate | Flat rate per H.P. POWer. | per K. W. per 16 C.P. per K.W. per 16 C.P. per Year. HOur Lamp HOur Lamp - in cents. per Year. in cents. per Year. t - i Private * e e º º 0 p- • * * * Water and Fort William . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { $4 7.5 $5.40 7.5 $3.75 $25.00 * and all night. - Steam. Municipal. indefinite. 6–10 $4.80–$9.00 7–10 $2.40–$6.60 • * ~ * Port Arthur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | all night. 15% off. 15% off. 10% off. 10% off. * * * * Water. Municipal. - 2,000 c. p. Copper Cliff • e e s tº 6 & e º 'º & as e s - º e º e s tº a tº a s a s p * * * * * * * * * * * * - { indefinite. • * * * $2.40–$4.80 - - - - $2 .40—$4 . S0 • * * * Water. Private. - - ſ -- * * • 32 c.p.—$12 Blind River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . all and | Water and . every night tº e º 'º $3.00–$4,80 - - - - --~~ - * * * Steam. Private. i 1,200 c.p. - * © e - © º 9 tº * * * * * * g e º e º e º 'º a s e º a tº a a e º 'º - † a tº ſº & 4 - * * Arc $76 * - & tº $3.00 - - - - $3.00 • * = & Steam. Municipal. all night. - - | Bruce Mines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 c.p.- $12 a tº - - $3.00–$6.00 • * * * $3.00–$6.00 Steam. Private. - 1,200 c.p. Sault Ste. Marie... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arc $70 5–10 $6.00 5–10 $3,00–$6.00, $50.00 Water. Private. all night. § | § 28 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 PART X. STEAM POWER. In order to institute a comparison between the cost of electric power as has just been set forth and the cost of power generated by steam or producer gas, the following tables have been compiled after a careful study of data available in technical journals and also from data collected by the Commission’s engineers in various towns within the district under consideration. The capital costs have been com- piled from information supplied by various makers of engines and other machinery. The tables represent average working conditions and assume a high-class installation. TABLE XIII. STEAM POWER PLANTS. SHOWING CAPITAL COSTS OF PLANTS INSTALLED AND ANNUAL COSTS OF POWER PER BRAKE HORSE-POWER. Annual Cost Annual Cost Size"of Plant, Engines, of 10-hour of 24-hour H.P. iBoilers, etc., Buildings. Total. Power per Pººr installed B.H.P. CLASS I.-Engines: Simple, slide valve, non-condensing. Boilers: Return tubular. 10 $66.00 $40.00 $106.00 $91. 16 $180.76 20 56.00 - 37.00 93.00 76. 31 151.48 30 48. 70 35.00 83.70 66.46 131.68 40 44. 75 : 33. 50 78.25 59.49 117. 74 50 43.00 31 00 74.00 53.95 106.46 CLASS II.-Engines: Simple, Corliss, non-condensing. Boilers: Return tubular. 30 70.70 35.00 105.70 61. 14 117.70 40 62.85 33.50 96.35 55.50 | 1Q7.1Q 50 59.00 31.00 90, 00 50.70 97. 73 60 56.00 30.00 86. 70 47.42 91.34 80 50.00 27.50 77.50 43.86 85.41 100 44. 60 25.00 69. 60 40. 55 79. 19 CLASS III.-Engines: Compound, Corliss, condensing. Boilers: Return tubular with reserve capacity. 100 63.40 33.9% 91.40 33.18 60.05 150 53. 70 24.00 77,70 29.83 54.63 200 50. 10 20.00 70. 10 28. 14 51. 72 300 45.90 18.00 63.90 26.27 48.83 400 43. 55 ičjö 59. 55 24.84 46. 12 500 ii.; i.; #3; 23.73 44.21 750 40. 50 13.00 53.50 23.56 44.02 1000 - 39.00 12.00 51.00 - 23.26 43.71 CLASS IV.-Engines: Compound, Corliss, condensing. Boilers: Water-tube, with reserve capacity. 300 55.20 18, 00 73. 20 | 25.77 46.32 400 51. 50 16.00 67.50 24. 18 43.61 500 49.40 14.00 63. 40 23. 19 42.03 750 46.80 13.00 59. 70 22.88 41.56 1000 44.30 12.00 §§§ 22.47 41.11 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. - 29 NOTE.-Annual costs include interest at 5 per cent, depreciation and repairs on plant, oil and waste, labor and fuel (coal at $4.00 per ton). Brake horse-power is the mechanical power at engine shaft. It will be noted that for a consumer requiring a large installation operating for ten hours only, there appears to be little advantage to be derived from the use of transmitted electric power, provided the power is not to be distributed throughout a consumer’s buildings by a complicated system of shafting, belts, etc. But in the majority of cases this condition obtains, and herein lies one of the specific ad- vantages of electric power. Motors can be installed on each floor of the factory, or even on each machine, with but little loss in efficiency, and only such motors as are required to drive the machinery in use from time to time need be operated. In many cases due to this fact the total electric power consumption of a large factory would be re- duced from 25 per cent. to 50 per cent. below that which is required under steam operation, working from a central station. Again, where electric power is available throughout the 24 hours many industries will work night and day, thereby effecting a great economy, as is evidenced by a comparison of the cost of 24-hour steam or producer gas power with 24-hour electric power. Perhaps the most striking advantage to be derived from the use of electric power as compared with other power, is that the small con- sumer can obtain power at a rate which should not be appreciably greater than that made to the large consumer, although the present practice in selling electric power is to discriminate against the small consumer for the reason that electric power prices made by private companies are not based on cost of service, but are merely made with a view to displacing steam. 3ſ) Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 PART XI. PRODUCER GAS POWER. TABLE XIV. SHOWING CAPITAL COSTS OF PRODUCER GAS PLANTS INSTALLED, AND ANNUAL COSTS OF POWER PER BRAKE HORSE-POWER. Capital Cost of Plant per H.P. Installed. Annual Cost Annual Cost Size of Plant, of 10-hour of 24-hour H.P. | Machinery, Buildings. Total Power per Power per etc. B.H B. H.P. - } | | . l 10 $137.00 $40.00 | $177.00 - $53.48 $90.02 20 110.00 36.00 i 146.00 #4. 75. 22 30 93.00 33.00 126.00 38.73 65.99 40 | 84. 50 29.00 113. 50 35.05 . 59.85 50 | 80.00 26. O0 106.00 32. 27 55.22 60 79. 00 24.00 | 103.00 30, 49 52.03 80 78. 20 22.00 100. 20 28, 70 48.95 100 77.50 20.00 | 97.50 27.05 45.40 150 | 76 00 19.00 ſ 95.00 | 25, 87 | 43. 17 200 74. O0 17.00 91 00 | 24.95 41.78 300 73.00 16.00 S9.00 24.24 40.40 400 71 - 50 14.00 85.50 23.41 39.03 500 70, 00 12.00 82.00 22.54 37. 54. 750 67.50 10. 00 77.50 21 .. 55 35.99 1000 65. 00 8 . 00 73,00 20.46 34.66 NOTE.-Annual costs include: interest at 5 per cent., deprecia- tion and repairs on plant, oil and waste, labor and fuel (Bituminous coal at $4.00 and Anthracite coal at $5.00 per ton). A reference to Table XIII. will show that the cost of power de- veloped by producer-gas plants and gas engines is less than that pro- duced by steam plants of the same capacity. It may be said, how- ever, that up to the present no very large installations of suction pro- ducers have been made, 250 to 300 horse-power being about the maxi- mum. But this has been provided for in the table by assuming that the larger plants will be made up of several units, each unit being not greater than 350 H.P. capacity. While operation of producer- gas plants has not been going on many years, and complete knowledge on the subject is not available, with the information at hand it is be- lieved that in many situations this form of power producer will be found more economical than a steam plant, and therefore a closer competitor of hydro-electric power. It must be remembered that the same objections hold against the producer-gas plant as those which 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 31 have been mentioned in reference to steam plants, namely, that 24- hour power costs proportionately more than 10-hour power; that the small consumer does not have the great advantage obtainable by the use of electric power; and also that a central installation in a factory is all that is possible if electric motors are required in various parts of the factory, and the only prime mover available is steam or gas. This will make the cost of electric factory operation very expensive, and considerably higher than the power costs shown in Table VIII. Speaking generally, however, it may be said that producer-gas plants have a bright future and as the design and construction is perfected undoubtedly the capital cost will be reduced and the cost of power lessened. TABLE XV. SHOWING THE EFFECT ON THE COST OF POWER OF A VARIATION IN THE PRICE OF COAL OF ONE-HALF DOLLAR PERTON. Size # plant. Suction Producer Gas. Steam. 10-Hour. 24-Hour. . . ... 10-Hour. 24-Hour. 10 $1.15 $2.53 Simple $6.14 $13.47 20 1. 13 2.46 - Slide Valve 5.25 11.56 30 1. 10 2.40 Engine. 4.71 10.35 40 1.07 2.33 3.56 7.84 50 1.04 2.29 Simple Automatic 3.37 7.41. 60 1.01 2.24 Non- 3.26 7. 16 80 .98 2. 18 condensing. 3. 15 6.97 100 96 2. 12 3. 12 6.87 150 94 2.07 1. 75 3.85 200 92 2.02 . Compound 1.69 3.71 300 90 1.98 Condensing. 1.62 3.60 400 88 1.94 1.56 3.44 500 86 1.89 Compound Con- 1.39 3.05 750 82 1.81 densing; Water- 1.39 3.05 1,000 76 1.72 tube Boilers. 1. 39 3.05 ------------- APPENDIX TO FIFTH REPORT Rainy River District. ENGINEER'S REPORT ON THE WATER POWERS AND ON THE GENERATION OF ELECTRIC. POWER THEREFROM. HONOURABLE ADAM BECK, CHAIRMAN OF THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION. º DEAR SIR:— Herewith find my report on the Rainy River District, being that portion of Ontario identical with the judicial district of Rainy River. The report deals with the present consumption of and demand for power, and the sources of power developed and undeveloped. There are no long distance transmission systems in this district, and there does not appear at the present time to be any demand for such, unless the operating of certain mines might in the future require the transmission of power. Yours respectfully, CECIL B. SMITH, Chief Engineer. TORONTO, CANADA, APRIL 15TH, 1907. PART, : ..INDEX SUBJECT. PAGE. General Map of Rainy River District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geographical Subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Demands for Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sources of Hydro-Electric Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Generation of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 f : 9 Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario — NZ a P. of — FAINY FIVER DISTRICT shoxing the location of Water Powers and Adjacent Industrial Centres. Scale of N1 - les - º -: ſº * sº 4 º' * ºn AE ºle **** HIHEI H--- E- EI | _-- `--~ ~3 >. | | W. §s 2^ 4 ! & Power Houses / ". **~ Nºlar c \a. – 25 th: ; 9 OT / ~ | S S-22: * ſº º 2% " ...” 3. /\-y 9/ º º & *~~}º Še 3 4.2% \ Wilcox @N sº & sy Atikwa L. º ſº ſ - º - *.. © C. Sºº OWver <2 º <) > * * geº- nitou L C2ear Eagle ...? We *rriº 43; a L. L. &2 Pipes sº sº Aft Pekangonjñā £º'ſ º grºs & Leºtar i. ſ / }; ºpskikamak }ºx2 g y C. Moºntain L ; iſlato Orl ºw E #n Cº & § L. C • *- . Y. - Sº g º wº -: à 'Atiko º 52-sº - º -- sº: º: R" C S$ C x * ſ >~ e º *: wº Wermillion 62/ • - - - - - - ** Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 7 PART I. GEOGRAPHICAL SUBDIVISIONS. This report will deal with the hydro-electric conditions and pres: ent requirements of the extreme western portion of the Province, embracing practically the district of Rainy River. This district is probably the most copiously watered of any in the Province, Waters powers being abundant, and in many cases of considerable magni- tude. As in the case of Algoma and Thunder Bay districts, only the important water powers in the neighborhood of existing or prospec- tive industrial centres have been examined in detail, the more remote power sources being discussed in a general way. The whole of the district under discussion is embraced by One drainage area, being part of an immense system, the run-off of which reaches tide-water in Hudson's Bay by way of the Winnipeg River, Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River. The rivers in this district, as a general rule, are large and full flowing, with comparatively low heads, which disadvantage is in a measure offset by the splendid natural storage facilities offered by Rainy Lake, Lake of the Woods, Lac Seul and numerous other lakes of lesser magnitude plentifully distributed throughout the district. The map accompanying this report indicates the location of the chief water falls or powers, such as those on the Rainy, Winnipeg, Seine, Wabigoon and English rivers. PART II. DEMANDS FOR POWER. The power market in this district at the present time is confined almost wholly to the town, cf Kenora, where the population is suf- ficiently large to create a profitable municipal market, besides which there are several manufacturing establishments, chiefly flour mills, using a considerable quantity of power. Fort Frances, owing to its geographical situation as a border town, and to the hydraulic possi- bilities of the Koochiching Falls, will doubtless play an important part in the future industrial development of the district. Lumber- 8 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 ing is now, and will be for some time to come, an important industry, and as the waste material from the mills furnishes abundant fuel for the generation of steam, none of the smaller towns need be considered as possible users of hydro-electric power. The mineral areas in this district, though not actively developed at present, may at some future time attain sufficient importance to warrant development of such of the abundant existing water powers as may be convenient. PART III. SOURCES OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER. The most important rivers in this district are the Winnipeg, Rainy, Seine and English rivers. Seine River:-This river takes its rise in Lac des Milles Lacs, and flows in a generally southwesterly direction to Rainy Lake. Though not possessing any tributaries of importance, its considerable length and good natural storage facilities combine to give it the uni- form flow which is common to all the more important rivers in this district, and distinguishes them from most of the rivers of Algoma and Thunder Bay, tributary to the Great Lakes. The mineral belt through which this river flows may possibly reach a stage of development sufficient to Warrant the utilization of several favorable power sites, where economical development is feasible. * Rainy River:—This river rises in Rainy Lake, forms the interna- tional boundary between Ontario and Minnesota and discharges into the Lake of the Woods. This is one of the large rivers of Ontario, and permits of steamboat navigation to the foot of Koochiching Falls. at the source of the river. This fall is now in process of develop- ment. Winnipeg River:-This river, which is one of the largest in Can- ada, rises in the Lake of the Woods, and flows in a northwesterly direction to Lake Winnipeg, draining in its course the whole of Rainy River District, large portions of Southern Keewatin, Northern Minne- sota and the western extremity of Thunder Bay District, in all about 55,000 square miles. Although the natural heads on this river are not great, the heavy minimum flow makes possible the development 2 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 9 of very large blocks of power. Several developments in various stages of construction exist at the present time, and so far it has been found necessary to use only a fraction of the total discharge of the river. English River:-This river is also a tributary of the Winnipeg River, the confluence being about fifty miles northwest of Kenora. This river rises in Scotch Lake, south of the main line of the C. P. R., and flows northwesterly for nearly 100 miles to Lac Seul, a lake in the same class as Lake of the Woods and Lake Nepigon, as regards size. After leaving Lac Seul, the river flows in a southwesterly direction for 250 miles to the junction with the Winnipeg River, forming a por- tion of the boundary between Ontario and the district of Keewatin. Apart from its great length, this river is remarkable, in that it con- sists mainly of a series of large lakes connected by short rapids and falls. For this reason, its natural storage facilities are unequalled elsewhere in the Province, with the possible exception of the Winni- peg River. The natural resources of the country through which the river flows are comparatively meagre, as the rock formation is not mineralized to any extent, being nearly all Laurentian granite. The timber, as a rule, is sparsely distributed, consisting principally of poplar and small spruce and jack pine, with a small percentage suit- able for tie-timber. In the following table is given a list of water powers in the ter- ritory covered by the report. Unless otherwise stated only those powers possessing fairly good natural heads have been included in this list, but it should be understood that in many localities rapids, or series of rapids, could be drowned out and an artificial head cre- ated by means of a dam. In most cases the question of back water damage would not be a serious one, so that the heads obtainable would be limited only by the capital investment in connection with the dam estimates thereon will be found worked out elsewhere in this report. construction. The figures in the second column of this table indicate uniform low water flow, and it is important to note that in this district, in almost every case, the dam construction necessary in connection with any power installation would provide storage sufficient, not only for daily peak load demands, but also to appreciably augment the pres- ent low water flow during the dry-weather period. The system of artificial regulation could be extended as required, by constructing dams at the various lake outlets, such as those now constructed at 10 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 Renora, and by so doing the minimum 24-hour flow can be very much increased, in fact, the power capacity of the district can be augmented until probably 40 per cent. of the annual rainfall could be utilized for power purposes. & Estimated e g Low *...* Present Water POWer. Head Water Fº Installa- Renmarks. G W & T. tº Flow H.P tion. i C.F.S. * * * | S EINE RIVER : | Seine Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 800 800 a º a s Island Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 832 1,510 a & º ºs Minto Mine adjacent. Lynx-head Chute. . . . . . . . . 11 880 880 & Q ſº & Steep-rock Falls .......... 40 960 2,900 Sturgeon Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1,120 | 1,320 RAINY RIVER : Koochiching Falls. . . . . . . . 23 6,700 14,000 & g { * In process of develop- ment. % of this available to WINNIPEG RIVER : Ontario. E. Branch Kenora. . . . . . . . 18 2,500 4,100 W. “ " . . . . . . . . 18 11,000 18,000 e g º ºs Island Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 14,500 59,300 * * * * Combined artificial * head. WABIGOON RIVER : Upper Fall, Dryden. . . . . . . 26 240 568 Lower Rapids, “ . . . . . . . 22 240 480 ENGLISH RIVER : Pelican Chute. . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3,200 3,490 & & # * gº Ear Rapids....... . . . . . . . . . 29 6,100 16,100 * * * * Combined artificial Manitou Chute. . . . . . . . . . . . 35 | iº 17,800 * * * * head. Fall... . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7,100 9,670 & e º e Rapids . . . . . . . . . . | 6 7,300 3,980 all . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1. #º & Rapids . . . . . . . . . . ! 6 8,000 4,360 Rapids . . . . . . . . . t; 9,000 4,910 i Kettle Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9,000 15,550 Rapids . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9,000 12,250 Caribou Rapids . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9,250 5,050 GENERATION OF POWER. . At the present speaking, the only power developments operating in this district are located at Kenora, where the extensive hydraulic facilities of the Winnipeg River have for some time been partially utilized for power and lighting purposes. The power being developed at the present time is as follows:– Kemora Municipal Plant —This plant, now in process of con- struction, is located at the eastern outlet of the Lake of the Woods, and is designed for an ultimate capacity of 4,000 H.P., half of which is to be installed immediately. Of this portion, 1,000 H.P. is already 1907.] Hydro-Electric Power Commission. 11 contracted for, in addition to the municipal load of approximately 300 H.P. The conditions of the contract call for the construction of permanent works for full capacity of 4,000 H.P. and for the immedi- ate installation of three units of 500 k.w.. each. The power house and dam have already been completed and one unit put into service. Lake of the Woods Milling Co.:—This company develops in the neighborhood of 2,000 H.P., water being taken from the Lake of the Woods by means of a flume. Keewatin Flour Milling Co.:-This company has a 3,000 bbl. mill in process of erection, and will use about 1,500 H.P. of hydraulic power, for which a flume has been excavated and machinery installed. As yet no active development has taken place on the main or western branch of the river, but some years ago, the Keewatin Power Co. constructed what is known locally as the Norman dam, across the western branch about 3–4 mile from the Lake of the Woods outlet. The dam is constructed of rock fill, with heavy masonry sluice- way piers. Apart from a certain amount of leakage through the rock fill, the dam is in serviceable condition at the present time, and would admit the development of 20,000 minimum horse-power under present conditions. At the present time the total average amount of power developed in the town of Kenora is in the neighborhood of 4,250 H.P., of which about 1,400 H.P. is the average amount of hydraulic power used direct, and 1,900 H.P. hydro-electric, the remainder, 950 H.P., being steam generated. Of this latter amount about 100 H.P. is available for electric installation. As regards rates for power and light, the municipality charges 10 cents per kilowatt-hour for incandescent lighting and from $10.00 to $50.00 per horse power per year for power, this price being regu- lated according to the quantity contracted for. At Fort Frances on Rainy River, the important international power of Koochiching Falls is being developed for the joint use of Fort Frances and the town of International Falls on the American side of the river. The natural head is about 23 feet. This will be increased to 27 feet when the power installation is completed. The estimated low-water capacity is about 16,500 H.P., and permanent works for full capacity are being constructed at the present time. At 12 Hydro-Electric Power Commission. [No. 48 the present speaking, there is no market for power in either town, but the prospect of much improved railway facilities in the near future is expected to supply, in conjunction with cheap power, suf- ficient inducement for the establishment of manufacturing industries. A large proportion of the power it is expected will also be used for grinding the pulp output of the district. The development provides for the construction of two power houses, one on the Canadian and one on the American side of the river. Each power house will ultimately contain nine 1,000 k.w.. units, which will be installed as the occasion demands. Investigation as to present and probable and future demands for power would seem to indicate that the requirements of this district will be amply met for some time to come by the above-mentioned in- stallations, until such time as mining or milling operations warrant special developments. UNIVERSITY OF M |||| | 07327784 º #º * §§ $ * 2:1. ºt: