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Liêºf American University Washington Extension Division The Army of the Vigilantes Recruiting for National Defense iſ Address of Mr. Francis Holley Director of the Bureau of Commercial Economics Illustrated with Motion Pictures of Industry Making of Shoes Farming with Dynamite U. S. Geological Survey º | | }(o Hiº 4 NATIONAL CAPITAL PRESS, INC., WASHINGTON, D. C. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON ExTENSION DIVISION The Army of the Vigilantes Recruiting for National Defense ADDRESS OF MP. FRANCIS HOLLEY Director of the Bureau of Commercial Economics ILLUSTRATED WITH MOTION PICTURES OF INDUSTRY Making of Shoes Farming with Dynamite U. S. Geological Survey March 25, 1916 MY FRIENDs: Before speaking to the subject assigned me, I want to congratulate this institution upon the inauguration of its extension work and the broad plan and scope outlined for its future development. The American University has an unique opportunity, situated as it is at the National Capital where converge the statesmen, the scientists and the noted men and women of all nations, to become the mouthpiece of all that is of value in the achievements which each repre- sent, thus cementing the friendship and fellowship between all peoples. My subject is “The Army of the Vigilantes—Recruit- ing for National Defense.” Recruiting an Army—what does it mean? What is the significance of this and what does it entail; what obligation is imposed upon the part of the nation and upon the part of the recruit? It means in one case that 3 the recruit will enlist for a stipulated period to respond to the call to the colors; a call by a nation for a body of men who will fight for their national honor and for the defense of their flag, who will join in an honest and heroic effort to make for good in government and national peace. Congress has said to the Secretary of War, you may bring your fighting force up to the full strength, so we find in all the cities and towns a recruiting officer in full uniform and with his sword, the emblem of death, pacing to and fro in front of the peaceful post-office, and in the center of his beat we discover a great poster in colors trying to repose peacefully on an easel, and what does this poster say? “Come!” What does it show? A lieutenant in all his gold lace feeding sugar to his high school saddle horse. His charger is alarmed at the sight of his dapper bugler hard by with his shin- ing horn. Whom does he intercept? The young ener- getic fellow who has come to the general delivery to get his weekly letter from home, his message of good cheer from his hearthstone, his letter of good advice and comfort from his dear, anxious and watchful mother. He is attracted by the poster and the stately form of the recruiting officer whose patent leather shoes render necessary the use of smoked glasses. His loyal heart throbs with pride and heaves with a desire to enlist for a life of ease and recreation at the camp fire of Uncle Sam. The Bureau of Commercial Economics, whose func- tion it is to show by motography all conditions of life, 4. both military and civic, has offered its services to the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy to display motion picture films of the War and Navy Departments to a million people a month in the United States, in an effort to encourage recruiting in defense of the nation, but it insists that such films shall be in all things truthful and show every phase of army and navy life, the drudgery as well as the pleasure, so that all may see and know all conditions, thus quali- fying them to enlist; thus enabling them to decide whether or not they want to enlist. The Bureau is clearly of the opinion that parents will consent to enlistment if they are convinced that welfare work and educational work are engaged in during the term of enlistment, and the welfare of the recruit is looked after with scrupulous minuteness. To that end the Bureau will supply, at all army posts and upon shipboard, motion picture films in series of related subjects as complete in their makeup as those today given in the great american universities as a required course to the students fortunate enough to afford collegiate training. The War and Navy De- partments have today quantities of films showing some of the conditions obtaining in the service, but we are told that there is no appropriation for showing them to the public, but throughout the length and breadth of this great republic there are universities and colleges, high school auditoriums in civic centers where thousands upon thousands congregate anxious to see, to learn and to know what is wanted of them. It is not necessary to spend money to reach their ears 5 and their eyes, but it is necessary to be frank and honest, and take them into the confidence and council of the nation and tell them the truth and what they are to expect when they enlist for a life of service, for truth is like a living tree whose roots must be ever watered with reality. The Courts of Justice of the United States are established to right all wrongs and if a contract is made which is deceptive or in any way misleading the courts are alert to render it void or voidable. If a recruit enter the service of his country under the inspiration of a yellow poster and the alacrity of an overzealous recruiting officer and finds himself deceived as to conditions in the army and the service which he is to perform for his country, he is compelled to serve his term of enlistment or suffer a penalty in Leavenworth prison. He has no right of appeal. Is this justice P The Bureau of Commercial Economics, which I am seeking to direct, deals with the making of things, the things with which all come in contact in every-day life, but it goes much farther, and it leads the Army of the Vigilantes in its crusade for better things, better sani- tary conditions, better conditions surrounding the manufacture of wares in constant demand, and the preparation of foodstuffs especially, and looks to the health and wealth of the people of this great nation. And that spells national defense. The Bureau shows in motion pictures how every- thing is made and the sources of all raw material and depicts all processes from the wool on the back of the 6 sheep to the clothes on one’s back, and the hides to the shoes on one’s feet. The processes of making glass from sand are disclosed, and dinner dishes from clay and so on through all the industrial world. The Bureau admits, to some extent at least, responsi- bility for the almost universal demand at home and abroad for the establishment of community forums in the auditoriums of the several high schools of the country, for adult audiences at night for the purpose of general public instruction and enlightenment on all public affairs. It is the duty of the Army of the Vigilantes to ever guard and protect the flag and the good name and fame of this grand republic, to repel all invasion and quell all insurrections or civil warfare. It is likewise its duty to safeguard the public health in sanitary condi- tions and general civic welfare and ever to protect and save harmless those who, relying upon the good faith of others, are rendered incapacitated by the use of unwholesome food products made under unwholesome conditions and surroundings. THE PUBLIC OUGHT TO KNOW– If the Government has the privilege and the right through - legislation to investigate the business rela- tions of the great corporations and to ascertain whether or not they are in restraint of trade, how much more has the public the right and privilege to know under what condition things are made and produced—under what conditions labor is called upon to serve. Mothers have the right to know where the food which is given to their children is prepared. 7 The president of a large coal company, in explaining how impossible it would be to show coal mines, stated that all you could see was an American, with his face black as ink, crawling on his hands and knees to a hole in a wall with a pick and shovel, climbing upon a ledge and there picking all day in the coal with the dust so thick that you could not see him two feet away. We suggested to him, if that were the condition under which he worked his men, we did not blame him for not wishing to disclose to the public at large the condi- tions existing in his mines. He then offered a picture of a pumping station pumping water 300 feet below the earth’s surface. But when we asked him to show a pumping station pumping air to the poor miner on the ledge so that he could be seen three feet away he declined. A coal mine is as easy to motograph as a lunch table at a picnic. The Bureau of Commercial Economics has been founded primarily to disclose by motion pictures, to the whole public free of charge, not only to those who can afford a college course, but even to the poorest of the poor, how things are made and under what condi- tions they are produced. AFRAID OF THE TRUTH: Motography has produced all sorts of industrial films, some truthful reproductions of conditions ac- tually existent; others manufactured for the coming of the motographer. We have had films presented to us containing a playlet, a romance, and a horde of people emerging from a factory at the ringing of the noonday bell. Investigation has proved that this mass of 8 humanity was an excursion carried to the factory for the purpose of being motographed. But the weaving of a playlet or a romance around an industrial picture does not relieve the manufacturer of his responsibility. The paying of large sums for the circulation of such films through the medium of the motion picture houses does not answer the requirements of the public for information; nor does it justify the exemption of such manufacturers from their obligations to display under what conditions they produce the output of their fac. tory and shop. More than 400 of the largest manufacturers and producers of America have furnished films to this Bureau, showing honestly how the product of their factories is made. In every instance where a peremp- tory refusal has been given to motographing an estab- lishment, investigation has disclosed that establishment is not of a character which lends itself to motography, and the reasons for this are the unwholesome surround- ings under which the employes work and the unsanitary conditions under which the output of that factory reaches the public. - The experience of the last few years has clearly proven that every institution that manufactures a product worthy of respect is willing to show just how that product is prepared, for motography reproduces truthful conditions, if it is not trifled with. STATE AID FOR MotoGRAPHY: More than a hundred of the great educational insti- tutions of which this Bureau is composed, located in every State of the Union, and in the provinces of 9 Canada and in other countries have undertaken and assumed the burden of disseminating vocational, in- dustrial, commercial and geographical information through all their community centers and in every rural district within their jurisdiction. For such service many States, in conjunction with the Federal Gov- ernments, make liberal appropriations. The universities display the films in their own institutions, thus affixing their seal of approval of the character and quality of the films, and then send them out in the hands of competent professors to show to the communities. The agricultural colleges of the States show the agricultural films and other educational pictures and then send them out through the land, affixing their seal of approval, disseminating them through the medium of the State Grange organizations and rural communi- ties. Thus the Bureau is able to reach at a low esti- mate more than 1,000,000 persons a month and acquaint them with the conditions that exist in the commercial, industrial and agricultural world. This method of imparting information helps the manufacturer to produce better goods, for he will have the pick of the best workmen in the country, who will seek to find a home and employment in the institution which has the most consideration for his welfare. Though it is impossible to take the public into every factory and shop that they may discern conditions for themselves, it is possible to take the factory and shop into every household through the medium of motion pictures. The public have a right to know. 10 THE WORK OF THE 3Bureau of Commercial (Čtonomirg IS PROGRESSING IN EVERY STATE IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ALSO IN Provinces of Canada United Kingdom Republic of China States of the Commonwealth of Australia Principalities of India Government of the Union of South Africa Republic of Argentina Kingdom of Norway Republic of Switzerland Republic of Bolivia Note: Many foreign films illustrating industry and travel are in the process of making for circulation in connection with the work of the Bureau. 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