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A X
I‘? {'3 CARNEGIE ENDQWIVIENT
\ r INTERNATIONAL PEACE
DIVISION OF INTERCOURSE AND EDUCATION


I THE WAR AND PEACE PROBLEM
MATERIAL”? FOR THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL I
POLITY
BY
JOHN MEZ, PhD.
FEBRUARY, I9 I 5
Carnegie Endowment Ior InternationaI Peace
Sub-Station 84 (407 West I 17th Street)
New York City


“La Paix est la durée du droit.” (Bourgeois)
“War is the Failure of Human Wisdom.” (Balfoun)
“ War is never a solution, it is an aggravation.” (Disrae1i.)
“Ein furchtbar, heulend’ Schreckniss ist der Krieg.” (Schi11er.)
“A man’s ﬁrst duty is not to defend his country; his ﬁrst duty is not to
attack anyone else’s.” (J. Novikow.)
“For We are born to Work together, . . . To Work, therefore, against
one another is contrary to nature. But anger and aversion act precisely
in this Way.” (Marcus Aurelius.)
MODERN PA CIFISM
Zlngell, Normam—ARMs AND INDUSTRY! A study of the
Foundations of International Polity. 248 p. Putnam,
New York, 1914. $1.25
“It is not the more visible evils of war and armaments
which give the greatest value to the study of the accepted
theories of international polity, but the fact that the funda—
mental misunderstanding of any large human issue involves
the misunderstanding in some degree of all human relations.
The continued justification of the military form of interna-
tional society has involved perpetuating a political philosophy
which misrepresents the basic principles of human association
and cooperation, a distortion which has widespread results.”
The six chapters of this book are invaluable for a right un—
derstanding of the problem.
~——-THE GREAT ILLUsIoN: A study of the relation of military
power to national advantage. Heinemann, London, 1913.
2s. 6d. American edition: Putnam, New York, 1913
(4th edition, revised and enlarged). $1.00
Sets out to demonstrate, amongst other things, that in mod~
ern times military conquest could not be other than econom-
ically futile. Within the last decades new factors have come
into being which have profoundly modiﬁed the relationship of
modern nations, as, for instance, the greater ﬁnancial, indus-
trial, and commercial interdependence of nations, develop-
ments belonging almost exclusively to the more recent era of
specialised industry, internationalised credit and improved
intercommunication. These phenomena, although having an '
important bearing on the problems confronting each state,
are largely ignored even by those who speak with authority
on international matters. The problems of Defence and Im-
perialism are especially dependent upon a true conception
of the relation of the military and political power to social
and economic advantage. A right understanding of the prin-
ciples that underlie modern international relationships would
have gone far to relieve Europe from the calamity of the
present war. Broadly conceived, it would add greatly to the
security of every nation, and consequently be a substantial
asset to the maintenance of peace.
“The Great Illusion” is especially suitable for the purpose
of study as being a complete re-survey of a wide range of
facts relating to international relationship in the light of mod-
ern conditions.
3
-———THE PRoBLEMs OF THE WAR——AND THE PEACE. A Hand-
book for Students. W. Heinemann, London, 1915.
Price, 6d. (15 cts.)
The best grammar obtainable for the Study of Interna-
tional Polity.
—--—To THE AMERICAN STUDENT: An Open Letter. 32 p.
American Association for International Conciliation, 407
West 117th Street, New York, 1914.
Free on application.
Important as an introduction to the study of the facts
underlying our civilization and international society. Shows
the inﬂuence of ideas in shaping human society, discusses the
place of force in civilization and urges a rational study of the
facts of modern international relations.
Bloch, Jean de.-—TI-IE FUTURE OF WAR. World Peace Foun-
dation, Boston. $.65
A translation of the more popular portion of Bloch’s en-
cyclopedic original work, “La Guerre,” which was published
in six volumes in 1898. (This book made a profound im-
' pression on the Czar of Russia and induced him to convoke
the ﬁrst International Hague Conference In I899.)
Butler, Nicholas Murray—THE INTERNATIONAL MIND: An
argument for the judicial Settlement of International Dis—
putes. 121 p. Scribner, New York, 1912. $.75
“We Americans need the international mind as much as
any people ever needed it. We shall never be able to do
justice to our better selves or to take our true part in the
modern world untll we acquire it.”
This book by President Butler is the best introduction to
the study of modern internationalism as a means of develop-
ing a breadth of thought and a wider conception of the
problem.
Carnegie, A7/Ld7’6‘w.-—ARMAMENTS AND THEIR REsULTs.
( Pamphlet.) 8 p. New York Peace Society. 2d edi-
tion, 1914. Free on application.
Choate, Joseph H.——Two HAGUE CoNFERENcEs. 125 p.
Princeton University Press, 1912. Net, $1.00
Two lectures portraying the larger and more enduring re-
sults of the two conferences.
4
D’Estournelles de Constant—LES ETATs-UNIS D’AMERIQUE.
536 p. Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 1913. English
translation to be published by Macmillan, New York, in
April, 1915, with the title “America and Her Problems.”
$2.00
In this work the well-known French paciﬁst gives his im-
pressions of the United States as a result of careful studies
and investigations, and various journeys through this coun-
try. In summing up, the author gives an excellent outline
of the role and the duties of the American people in the
paciﬁcation of the world.
Dunning, W 'z'lllam Archibald—THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE
UNITED STATES :' A review of their relations during the
century of Peace following the Treaty of Ghent. With
an introduction by Viscount Bryce, and a preface by
Nicholas Murray Butler. 381 p. Scribner, New York,
1914. $2.00
This book has been written “as a part of the Celebration of
Peace between the British Empire and the United States,” as
an historical review of the relations between the two coun-
tries since the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. It is of utmost
importance for thestudy of the peace problem as well as of
the political history of the last century. By showing how
often disputes and differences of ambition and interest and
points of honor or national pride could be met without wars,
it contains some very impressive lessons for peaceful rela~
tions between nations, an example which it may be hoped
will be followed by the other great nations of the world.
Fz'uot, J ean—RACE PREJUDICE. Translation by Florence Wade
Evans. 300 p. Constable, London, 1906; Dutton, New
York. $3.00
The best study on the race-‘problem as affecting interna-
tional relations and wars.
Fried, Alfred H .—DIE GRUNDLAGEN DES REVOLUTIONAREN PA-
ZIFISMUS. 68 p. I. C. B. Mohr, Tiibingen, 1908.
French translation by Jean Lagorgette. 76 p. A. Pedone,
Paris, 1909. $.25
Outline of a scientiﬁc foundation of paciﬁsm and introduc-
tory summary of the modern science of peace. “War” and
“armed peace” essentially the same; both the outcome of_one
underlying cause: present cond1t1on of mternationahsociety,
i. e., international anarchy. Moral, economical and biological
evils of armed peace in the long run even greater'than those
of war. Abolition of wars and physical force in interna-
5

tional relations only possible by establishing international or—
der and organization on the basis of reason and law. Dis-
armament and arbitration only eﬁ’ectively applicable in new
international system. Main problems therefore,
(1) To destroy optical delusion as to military power and
physical force as a means of securing national advantage, ex—
pansion, conquest, or defense (security).
(2) To realize and promote the natural tendency of human
progress and evolution, the development toward internation-
alism, world-organization, international cooperation and labor
division.
---————-KURZE AUFKLARUNGEN I'JBER WESEN UND ZIEL DES PA—
ZIFISMUS. 32 p. V erlag der Friedenswarte, Berlin and
Leipzig, 1914. $.15
An excellent little pamphlet showing what paciﬁsm really
is and what it is not. An English edition is in preparation for
free distribution upon application to the American Association
for International Conciliation. ‘
Hobson, J. A.—IMPER1AL15M. A study. 331 p. Constable &
Co., London, 1902. Revlsed edltion, 1905 (2/6). $.65
An elaborate and well—compacted study on the “social
pathology” of Imperialism. Part I of this book: The Eco-
nomics of Imperialism, is especially suitable for the study of
the underlying economic causes of war.
Jordan, David StOWC—THE HUMAN HARVEST. A study of
the decline of warlike nations. 125 p. The Beacon Press,
Boston. $1.00
-———-UNsEEN EMPIRES. A Study of the plight of nations that
do not pay their debts. 210 p. The Beacon Press, Bos-
ton, 1913. $1.25
Discusses the economic effects of armament-expenditures
and the pernicious role of the “unseen Empire” of Finance
and Capital connected 'with the armament industry, which
in the judgment of the author controls the nations of Eu-
rope. The best study on this subject.
and Jordan, Ernest Harvey—WARE AFTERMATH. A pre-
liminary study of the Eugenics of war as illustrated by the
Civil War of the United States and the late wars in the
Balkans. 104 p. Houghton Mifﬂin, Boston and New
York, 1914. 35-75
“Dr. David Starr Jordan’s books are invaluable in the
study of the more purely biological aspects.” (Norman
Angell.)
6
Kellogg, V ei'non Lyman. BEYOND \VAR: A chapter in the
natural history of man. 172 p. Holt, New York, 1912.
$1.00
Challenges the alleged unchangeability of human nature by
showing the evolution of mankind.
Marvin, F. S.——THE LIVING PAsT: A sketch of western
progress. 288 p. Oxford University Press, New York,
1913. $115
“This little work brings out very clearly that intellectual
interdependence of the world which so long preceded ma-
terial interdependence, which is, indeed, almost as old as
written history itself. It shows the interaction of intellectual
and moral forces, the role of the factor of intercommunica-
tion, in which must be included not merely the means of
travel and transport, but the communication of ideas through
the written and spoken word.” (N. Angell.)
N ovicow, I acques.—V\/ AR AND ITs ALLEGED BENEFITS. Trans-
lation by T. Seltzer. 130 p. Holt, New York, 1911.
$1.00
English edition with an introduction by Norman Angell,
Heineniann, London, 1913. 25. 6d.
An earnest argument against war as an end in itself, War
as a solution, against the psychological, economic, political,
intellectual and moral effects of _war, war as a sole form of
struggle, and a thorough discussion of the theories of brute
force, antagonism and solidarity.
Schiicking, Walter.—DIE ORGANISATION DER WELT. 84 p.
A. Kroner, Leipzig, 1909.
An excellent history of the ideal of a World State in the
,past and an outline of thenecessary development to a future
organization of the world in accordance with the growing in-
ternationalization of humanity. (English translation to be pub-
lished in 1915.)
Stead, William T.—To THE PIcKED HALF MILLION: An ap-
peal to the University Students of the World. 16 p.
World Peace Foundation, Boston, 40 Mt. Vernon Street,
1907. Free on application.
A most inspiring address on the duties and responsibilities
of the Students of the World to their respective nations and
to humanity.
7
Taft, William H.-—THE UNITED STATEs AND PEAcE. 182 p.
Scribner, New York, 1914. Net, $1.00
‘Contents: The Monroe Doctrine: its limitations and im-
plications; Shall the Federal government protect aliens in
their treaty rights? Arbitration treaties that mean something;
Experiments in federation for judicial settlement of interna—
tional disputes. The latter part of the book is of especial
timeliness.
Torres, Alberta—LE PRoBLEME MoNDIAL: Etude de Po—
litique Internationale. Pp. Xviii+213. Imprensa Na-
cional, Rio de janeiro, 1913.
An admirable statement of the case against war.
REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CoMMIssIoN TO INQUIRE
INTO THE CAUsEs AND CoNDUcT OF THE BALKAN WARs.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Publica-
tion No. 4), 2 Iackson Place, Washington, D. C., 1914.
Free on application.
SOME FAMOUS BOOKS ON THE
PEACE MOVEMENT
Fried, Alfred H.—THE GERMAN EMPEROR AND THE WoRLD's
PEACE, with an introduction by N ormaa Angeli. Hodder
& Stoughton, London, 1913. $I.5o
Hirst, F. Iii—THE ARBITER IN CoUNcIL. 567 p. Macmillan,
New York, 1906. $2.00
Discussions on general aspects of War and Peace.
Kant, [mmanaeL—ETERNAL PEACE AND OTHER INTERNA-
TIoNAL EssAYs. Translation by W. Hastie, B. D., with
an Introduction by Edwin D. M ead. World Peace Foun—
dation. Boston, 1914. $.75
The ﬁrst and most profound philosophical analysis of the
problems of peace, of democratic control, of foreign policy
and the Federation of the World.
Novicoto, Jacqaes.—-LA CRITIQUE DU DARWINISME SocIAL.
407 p. Alcan, Paris, 1910. $2.00
Challenges the misconceptions resulting from the wrong
application of biological laws in Sociology.
8
Perrz's, G. H .--A SHORT HISTORY OF WAR AND PLACE. 7+256
p. Holt, New York, 1911. $.50
Suttner, Bertha won—LAY DOWN YoUR ARMS. Translation
by R. Holmes. Longmans, New York. $.75
PA world-famous novel which won for its author the Nobel
1'12€.
Tolstoz', Leo N.-WAR AND PEACE. Various eds. 3 vols.
Everyman’s Library, Dutton, New York, each volume
$35
‘Deals with Napoleonic times and contains realistic descrip-
tions of the horrors of war, etc.
Wells, H. G.——THE WORLD SET FREE. Dutton, New York,
1914. Net, $1.35
An imaginary war, several decades hence—so devastatingly
horrible as to end all war.
Zola, Emile—THE DOWNFALL (La Debacle). A story of the
horrors of war. Macmillan, New York. $1.50
THE OPPOSITE (MILITARIST AND IMPERIALIST)
POINT OF VIEW MAY BE OBTAINED FROM
THE FOLLOWING BOOKS
Bernhardt, F. u—GERMANY AND THE NEXT WAR. Transla-
tion by A. H. Towles. 300 p. Longmans, New York,
1914. Net, $.75
A well written and very frank account of the War to be
waged. '
Cheap edition, net, $.25
Crarnb, J. A.——GERMANY AND ENGLAND. Introduction by jo-
seph H. Choate. 152 p. Dutton, New York (120th
Thousand). $1.00
Lea, Homer—THE VALoR OF IGNORANCE. Harper, New
York, 1908. $1.50
An attempt at a military philosophy.
Mahan, A. T.-—THE INFLUENCE OF SEA-POWER UPoN H15-
TORY. 1660-1783. 560 p. Little, Brown & Co., Boston,
1890. $4.00
9
Steinmetz, S. Rudolf—DIE PH1LosoPHIE DES KRIEGEs. xvi
and 3 52 p. I. A. Barth, Leipzig, 1907.
Sociological justiﬁcation of war.
Stengel, Karl v.——WELTsTAAT UND FRIEDENsPRoBLEM. xii and
145 p. Reichl & Co., Berlin, 1909.
Against Peace Movement.
Wilkinson, Henry Spencer.—WAR AND POLICY. Dodd, Mead
& Co., New York. $3.50
PERIODICALS
BULLETIN OF THE PAN-AMERICAN UNION. Published by the
Pan-American Union, Washington, D. C. Monthly.
English edition. Net, $2.00
PUBLICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATIoN FOR INTERNA-
TIONAL C0NC1L1AT10N.--Pamph1et series.
Up to the limit of the editions printed, copies of all docu-
ments published by the Association will be sent postpaid upon
application.‘
THE COSMOPOLITAN STUDENT. Official organ of “Corda
Fratres” Association of Cosmopolitan Clubs. Monthly
during academic year. Press Building, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Subscription. $1.00
THE PEACE MOVEMENT. Berne. Official organ of the Inter-
national Peace Bureau, Berne. Monthly.
WAR AND PEACE: A Norman Angell monthly. Published in
London by “War and Peace, Ltd.,” 29 and 30 Charing
Cross, S. W. Annual subscription, post free. $1.00
For further information see Internationalism, a list of
current periodicals selected and annotated by Frederick C.
Hicks, International Conciliation, Sub-station 84, New
York, 1915. (Publication No. 64.) Free on application.
IO
Further literature on the War and Peace Problem may be
gathered from the following sources:
Fried, Alfred H.—HANDBUcH DER FRIEDENsBEwEOUNO. 2d
edition, 1913; Part II, p. 423-462. (“Führer durch die
Paziﬁstische Literatur.”)
Jordan, David Starr, and Kreh-biel, Edward Benjamin—SYL-
LABUS 0F LECTURES ON INTERNATIONAL CONOILIATION.
180 p. World Peace Foundation, Boston, Mass, 1912.
Post free. $1.00
Levermore, Charles H.-—SUOOEsTIoNs FOR THE STUDY OF
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. 28 p., free. World Peace
Foundation, Boston, 40 Mt. Vernon Street.
II


The American Association for International Conciliation,
Sub-Station 84, New York City, will be glad to assist indi-
viduals and institutions in securing any of these publications
on especially favorable terms. For $5.00 a collection of the
following books can be furnished postpaid:
Angel], Norman. Arms and Industry.
The Great Illusion.
The Problems of the War—and the Peace.
To the American Student.
Bloch, Jean de, The Future of War.
Butler, Nicholas Murray, The International Mind.
Choate, Joseph H.. Two Hague Conferences.
Kellogg, Vernon L., Beyond War.
Novicow, Jacques, War and Its Alleged Beneﬁts.
I2
‘GAN-
ICH
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