CAMDEN HISTORY SLIZABETH UNIV. S.C. | UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN RISPLNINSULAMANINAR CIRCUMSPICE 216174 10 utrintOU!!! Jullit 10111 1JEINIG ARTES SCIENTIA TINHO omnimi LIBRARY VERITAS OF THE CONTATTI TI'EROR UTIH HOLIDATI WITHHMNEMWA * ***** THIS BOOK FORMS PART OF THE ORIGINAL LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BOUCHT IN EUROPE 1838 TO 1839 BY ASA GRAY P - “ । । . है । । । . 411 leny ! | ใ 1 7 1 ! | སrབ| .. ， 1 T t. ： ： E ། 1 ; F T བ t + ， y. .. DROIT DIEV ET MON SASS Perele समान The ang : O ELIZABETH bo QVEENE OF ENGLAND R: Vhite Scule THE 2-3 HIS TO RY OF 2013 The moſt Renowned and Victorious PRINCESS ELIZABETH Late QUEEN of ENGLAND; CONTAINING All the moſt Important and Remarkable Paffages of STATE, both at Home, and Abroad (ſo far as they were linked with Engliſh Affairs ) during her Long and Proſperous REIGN Written by WILLIAM CAMDEN, Clarenceux King at Arms. Ehe Lhird Edition, Reviſed and compared with the Originall, whereby many groſs Faults are amended , ſeverall Periods before omitted are added in their due places, and the Engliſh Phraſe much altered, more conſonant to the Mind of the Authour. With a new Alphabetical INDEX of all the Principall things con- tained in the HISTORY. LONDON, Printed by E. Fleſher, for Charles Harper, and John Amery, at the Flower-de-luce, and at the Peacock, both againſt St. Dunſtan's Church in Fleet ſtreet, 1675. VA ) est t3 : | 1 | ) : 2 ใน ใ; Soon W To the Reader. Shall not trouble thee with any large Account of the Authour of this Hiſtory, whoſe Learned Writings Sufficiently ſet forth his fingular 에 ​Wörth, eſpecially bis exquifite and elaborate BRITANNIA. Upon what Motives and Encouragements be undertook the preſent Task, what Helps be bad for the carrying it on, wbat Difficulties be met witball and over- came what an Impartiall Pen he wrote with, byaffed by neither Prejudice nor Affection towards either Perſons or Intereſts, ( a thing in vain to be wiſhed for in moſt Hiſtorisgraphers ) his own en- ſuing Epiſtle will abundanıly ſhem thee: with what Ability and Fuithfulneſs be bath performed what be took in hand, it reſts at thy door to judge; and ſure I am, thou canſt not juſtly condemn. bim of failing in either. The Bulmeſs of this Epi- ſtle is, to give thee a ſhort Account of this Third Edition of the Autbour in our Engliſh Tongue. Knorr then, that the Tranſlation which hath bi- therto 1 1 a To the Reader. 1tberto gone abroad was in ſeverall reſpects ſo out of order, and capable of being made better without deſtroying the Ground-work, that upon diſcovery of the one, and conſideration of the other, it was thought convenient, by comparing it with the Ori- ginall, to doe ſomething towards the Cure of it. Which, briefly, barb been thus far.done. Severall Periods and balf Periods, which were bitherto omitted in the Verſion, are here ſupplied and made good: divers unbappy Errours; committed upon the miſtaking of ambiguous Words and Phraſes, are here rectified: Some ſuperfluous Expreſſions more then were due are thrown out : many Sen- tences , leſs plainly rendred by the inconvenient placing the Members thereof, are new modelled, and made more intelligible : a great part of the Phraſe is much altered, and made more full, plain, ſmooth, and agreeable to the modern ( though not fantaſtick) Expreſſion, which before was too ſcan- ty, rough, and more in Faſhion eighty or ninery Years backward : ſeverall marginall Notes or Heads are added, to give the Reader a perfetter Epitome of the whole Story at the firft glance of bis Eye: and all this ( it is hoped ) wib mani- feſt Right to the Autbour , and without any evill or ſcurvy Reflection on the firſt Tranſlatour. And if ſomewhat leſs be done in the Firſt of the Four Books A 1 To the Reader. Books then the reſt, it was partly, becauſe leſs need and reaſon was found for the doing of it; and partly, becauſe there was a better Oppor- tunity for the exact comparing thoſe Three then the Firſt : yet even in that what was more grofs or unhandſome, or any way omitted , was carefully looked after : ſo that thou wilt have ſmall reaſon to complain. And I hope good Satisfaction will be given thee in the whole , though the Preſs ſtill urged for a ſpeedy Dis- patch of the Buſineſs. One thing baply thou mayeſt ſtumble at, viz. to reade bere of the Six and fortieth Tear of Queen ELIZABETH's Reign, who yet is notoriouſly known to have reigned bul Four and forty and odde Months in all. The Reaſon in ſhort is this: She reigned Forty four Years compleat, reckoning the Tear from January to January, and four Months befides : two of which four Months being before ber Four and forty Years, and two after, they are bere accounted and called the Firſt and Six and fortieth Years of her Reign, or Years that ſhe reigned part of, and no other- wiſe. And now ſee what the Authour bimſelf ſays in his Prefatory Epiſtle : then peruſe his Introduction, ( which is a Summary of the De- ſcent, Birth, Life and Troubles of the Lady ELÍ- 42 To the Reader. ELIZABETH before ſuch time as she came to be poſſeſſed of the Crown of England : ) and that leads in the main Work, where thou mayeſt reap Delight and Advantage to thy full Satis- faction: Farewell. 37: lin. 42. Errata) PAS for firſt, read fifth. (The reſt which follow paſſed in the Correctour's abſence: ) Pag. 651. lin. 1. for Confiſcate, read Confiſcation. margin, 1. 3. read Jeſuites. 1. 5. for right, r. write. pag. 652. 1.5. r. Équivoca- tour. 1.45. and in the inargin r. Bouillon. pag. 653. 1.13.r. Elizabeth's. 1. 21. dele to, margin, r. 1602. pag. 657.1. 18. for his Succeſs, r. bis ill Succeſs, 1.2 1. for turneth, r. tareth, pag. 658. 1. 31. 1. Animoſities. THE 等等​等等​等等​等等​等等​等等​等等​等等​等等​等等​際​拳​等等​等等​等 ​TH E A UT HOUR TO THE REA DE R. 3 % Bove eighteen Years ſince William Cecyll , Baron of Burghley, Lord High Treaſurer of ENGLAND, (when full little I thought of any ſuch Buſineſs) imparted to me, firſt his own, and then the Queen's Rolls, Me- morials and Records, willing me to compile from thence an Hiſtoricall Account of the firſt Beginnings of the Reign of Queen ELIZABETH: with what Intent I know not, unleſs, while he had a deſire to eternize the Memory of that Renowned QU E E N, he would firſt ſee an In- troduction thereinto by my Pains in this kind I obeyed him, and not unwillingly, leſt I might feem either to neglect the Memory of that moſt Excellent Princeſs, or to fail his Expectation and (which I prized as dear as them both the Truth itſelf . For in theſe Papers, if any where, I had confident The Authour to the Reader. confident Hopes to meet the real Truth of Paf- ſages lodged, as it were, in ſo many Repoſitories But at my very firſt Entrance upon the Task, an intricate Difficulty did in a manner wholly diſcourage me. For I lighted upon great Piles and Heaps of Papers and Writings of all forts, reaſonably well digeſted indeed in reſpect of the Times, but in regard of the Vari- ety of the Arguments very much confuſed. In ſearching and turning over whereof whilſt I la- boured till I ſweat again, covered all over with Duſt, to gather fit Matter together, (which I diligently ſought for , but more rarely found then I expected) that Noble Lord died, and my Induſtry began to flag and wax cold in the Buſineſs. Not long after that Incomparable Princeſs alſo rendered her celeſtiall Soul to God: when I ſtood in expectation for ſome time, full of Hope that ſome other Perſon , haply ſome great number of Learned men who through her Favour and Bounty did abound both with Wealth and Leiſure, would render her this due and deferved piece of Gratitude. But when I certainly found that ſome, who were beſt able, could not for their more weighty Em- ployments, and others (I know not for what cauſes ) fairly deſired to be excuſed; I buckled myſelf afreſh to my intermitted Study, and plied it harder then before. I procured all the Helps I poſlībly could for writing it : Char- one of that ters The Authout fo the Reader. ters and Grants of Kings and great Perſonages, Letters, Conſultations in the Councill-Chamber, Embaſladours Inſtructions and Epiſtles, I care- fully turned over and over; the Parliamentary Diaries, Acts and Statutes, I througlily peruſed, and read over every Edict or Proclamation. For the greateſt part of all which as I am be- holden to that moft Excellent Gentleman Sir Robert Cotton, Knight and Baronet, who hath with great Coſt and ſucceſsfull Induſtry furniſhed himſelf with the choiſeſt things re- lating to Hiſtory and Antiquity ; ( for he rea- dily and willingly gave me Light and Directi- on in my Buſineſs from his own Light and Knowledge of things:) ſo, Reader, if I ſhall in any thing profit or delight three in this Underta- king, thou art deſervedly obliged to give him Thanks for the fame. Mine own Cabinets and Writings I alſo fear- ched into: who though I have been a ſtudious Regarder and Admirer of venerable Antiqui- ty , yet have I not been altogether careleſs of later and more modern Occurrences; but have myſelf ſeen and obſerved many things, and re- ceived others from credible Perſons that have been before me, men who have been preſent at the tranſacting of Matters, and ſuch as have been addicted to the Parties on both Sides in this contrariety of Religion. All which I have in the Balance of mine own Judgement (ſuch as it 1 1 1 The Authour to the Reader. 1 it is) weighed and examined , leſt I ſhould at any time through a beguiling Credulity incline to that which is falſe. For the Love of Truth, as it hath been the onely Incitement to me to undertake this Work; fo hath it alſo been my onely Scope and Aim in it. Which Truth to take from Hiſtory, is nothing elſe but, as it were, to pluck out the Eyes of the beautifulleſt Crea- ture in the World; and, in ſtead of wholeſome Liquour, to offer a Draught of Poiſon to the Readers Minds. All ſuch things therefore as uſe to obſcure and prejudice the Light of Truth I reſolved to remove. Ignorance, and (which ſpring from thence) doubtfull Uncertainty and fat Falſity, I have to my power_diſpelled by the bright Luftre of uncorrupt Faithfulneſs ſhining forth in thoſe Monuments and Records, which are beyond all Exception : and peradventure I have attained by them no leſs Knowledge of thofe Affair's then ſome others who have been long and deeply verſed in State-matters. Pre- judice I have ſhunned, foraſmuch as it taketh a- way a man's Judgement, and doth fo blind the Minds of men in matters both of Religion and State, that like dim Eyes they can behold no- thing clearly. As for Danger, I feared none, no not from thoſe who think the Memory of fucceeding Ages may be extinguiſhed by pre- fent Power. And let ſuch remember, that ne- ver The Authour to the Reader. A 1 5 ver any were ſevere and cruell towards Wri- ters for keeping to the Truth, but they have heaped Diſhonour upon themſelves, and Glo- ry upon the other. The Hope of any Gain hath not drawn me aſide. To ſet the Digni- ty of Hiſtory to Sale, to me ( who have been ever well contented with a miean Eſtate) al- ways ſeemed baſe and ſervile. Sufpicion ei ther of Affection or Diſaffection can here have no place. For of all thoſe that I am to men- tion I know ſcarce one by whom I have re- ceived any Benefit or Advantage, not one from whom I have received any Injury: fo as no man can reckon me amongſt thoſe that are either obnoxious, or malicious. Such as are living I have ſaid but little of, either in their Praile or Diſpraiſe . By inveighing againſt the Enemies of my Countrey, to aim at the Com- mendation of a good Commonwealths-man, and at the ſame time get the Repute of a bad Hiſtorian, I held a thing ridiculous. This I have been carefull of, that, according as Polybius directeth, I might have an Eye to the Truth onely. Neither ſhall any.man (I truſt) find lacking in me that ingenuous Freedom of Speech joyned with Modeſty which becometh an Hiſtorian. That Licenciouſneſs accompa- nied with Malignity and Backbiting, which is cloaked under the counterfeit Shew of Free- dom, and is every-where entertained with a b plauſible t 1 The Authour to the Reader. plauſible Acceptance, I do from my Heart de- teſt. Things manifeſt and evident I have not concealed; Things doubtfull I have interpre- ted favourably; Things ſecret and abſtruſe I have not pried into. The hidden Meanings of Princes. (faith that great Maſter of Hiſtory) and what they ſecretly deſign to ſearch out , it is unlıwfull, it is doubtfull and dangerous: purſue not therefore the Search thereof. And, with Halicarnaſſeus ; I am angry with thoſe curious inquiſitive people, who will needs ſeek to know more then by the Laws is permitted them. As for other matters: although I am not ignorant that Affairs of War and Policy are the things proper to Hiſtory; yet Eccleſiaſti- call Matters I neither could, nor indeed ought I to omit. (For Religion and the Common- wealth cannot be parted afunder.) But foraf- much as the Writer of the Eccleſiaſticall Hi- ſtory may juſtly challenge thoſe things as be- longing to himſelf; I for my part have not touched them but with a light and chary Hand. And whereas it ſtandeth with the Rules and Dignity of Hiſtory, to handle Buſineſſes of greateſt Weight and Importance, and not to enquire after ſmall matters ; I have not inſiſted upon ſmall things : yet ſome ſuch there are, which if they pleaſe not one, may yet delight another to know. Circumſtances I have in no wiſe T be Authour to the Reader. wiſe omitted j: that not onely the Events of Affairs, but alſo the Reaſons and Cauſes there of, might be underſtood. That of Palybius I like well : 'Take away . from Hiſtory. Why, Hom; and To what end things have been done , and Whether the thing done bath ſucceeded according to Reafori; and all that remains will rather be an idle Sport and Foolery, then a profitable Inſtru- &tion: and though for the preſent it may delight, for the future it cannot prófit . Mine own Judg- ment I have not delivered according to Preju- dice or Affection, whilſt writing with an un- diſtempered and even Mind, I have rather fifted out the Senſe and Opinion of others; and ſcarcely have I any-where interpoſed mine own, no not by the Bye, ſince it is a Queſtion whe- ther an Hiſtorian may lawfully doe it. Let e- very man, for me, have his free liberty to judge according to his Fancy. Speeches and Orati- ons, unleſs they be the very fame verbatim, or elle abbreviated, I have not meddled withall , much leſs coined them of mine own Head. Short Sentences I have ſeldom interlaced, nor adorned my Diſcourſe with thoſe animadver- ting Obſervations which the Grecians aptly term 'ENISTA'EEIŞ, whilſt I have ſolely and cloſe- ly made it my Buſineſs to inform the Mind. Digreſſions I have avoided : Words of form I have uſed : Matters belonging to Topography and Genealogy I have not neglected, nor yet b 2 Chro- 2 - The Authour to the Reader: Chronology; following the Series and Order of Time as near as might be, and beginning the Year, as our Chroniclers of old have uſed to doe, from the Firſt of January. My Work. I have intituled by the Name of ANNALS, in regard I have diſpoſed every thing in its proper Year : for I have learn'd of Tacitus, that Weighty and remarkable Occur- rences are to be digeſted by way of Annals; and that the principall Buſineſs of Annals is, to preſerve Vertuous Aions from being buried in Oblivion, and to deterr men from either ſpea- king or doing what is amifs, for fear of after-In- famy with Pofterity. Beſides, a courſer and curter Style (ſuch as mine here is) is proper and peculiar to things that are writ by way of An- nals. Upon theſe Foundations I ſet myſelf to wri- ting, with this Intention and Deſign I went for- ward, and in compoſing, poliſhing and perfec- ting my Undertakings 1 reſolved to ſpend my whole Pains at ſpare times, and to bequeath them by my laſt Teſtament to that honourable Perſon Jacobus Auguftus Thuanus , who hath, with fingular Commendations of his Fideli- ty and Moderation, begun an Hiſtory of his own Time. And that, leſt one ſo much reſpec- ted by me (as indeed all Strangers are) ſhould, as one unacquainted in a forrein State , be at a Loſs in the Affairs of our Countrey. . + But 1 The Axtbour to the Reader 12 1 But in this my Purpoſe I was (I know "not by what Fate) prevented, and a great part of theſe Annals were 'ſent over to him fome Years before, whilſt they lay yet ſhadowed in their firſt Lineaments, and were ſcarce well begun, disfigured with Blürs and Daſhës, full of Chinks and Patches here and there cobbled to- gether, as they ſlipped from my hafty Pen, and very ill handled by the Tranſcriber. Out of thefe, by taking away ſome things, changing and adding others, he hath inſerted fome few Paſſages in the Eleventh and Twelfth Tomes of his Hiſtory, but indeed by his grave and folid Judgment well rectified and refined. But whereas he, according to the Proportion of his Work, for he undertakes an Univerſall Hi- ſtory of his Time,) hath picked out onely a few Paſſages concerning England and Ireland, and omitted very many things which may de- light, and haply concern, our Countrey-men to be acquainted with ; and I myſelf have heard that the Knowledge of our Affairs is earneſtly defired by Forreiners, and that not without ſome Check and Reproach of our Remiſnefs in communicating them; I again ſet my Shoul- ders to the Work which I had for fome time diſcontinued, I read it all over again, conſidered of it anew, many things I added, and ſomewhat poliſhed the Phraſe of it, howbéit without any curious trimming or bravery of plealing words. For 1 . $ . The Authour to the Reader. A For it is enough (I think) for me, if, like a Picture ill drawn with weak and faint Colours, I place it in a good and advantageous Light . Yet after all, whether I ſhould publiſh it or no, I reſted altogether doubtful. But the truth is thoſe Cenſures and Prejudices, that Hatred and Backbitinig, which I foreſee advance their Enſigns and found the Charge againſt me, have not ſo much diſcouraged me, as my Love to the Truth, my Affedion to my Country, and the Memory of that Princeſſe, (which amongſt Engliſh-men ought ever to be gratefull and facred,) have born me up againſt thoſe men who, having ſhaken off their Allegeance towards their Prince and Countrey, ceaſe not with Hearts full fraught with Malice and Spleen, by their ſcandalous Books publiſhed in forrein Parts, to wound the Reputation of the one, and the Glory of the other; and at this very Inſtant ( as they ſtick not to own) are ready to leave unto Poſterity in a large Volume a Monument of their Lewd- neſs and Diſhoneſty. For my part, I deſire no thing more then that I may be like myſelf , and they like themſelves. Poſterity will render to eve. ry iman his due Honour. What the Loftineſſe of the Argument requi- reth, I confeffe,and am ſorry, I have not reach'd to 3. yet have I willingly beſtowed what Pains I was able. Myſelf l' have neither in my other Wiritings“nor yet in this any ways ſatisfied. Never- 3 ៖ + ,! tu ! The Authour to the Reader. Nevertheleſſe I ſhall-eſteem myſelf fully recom- penſed for my Labour, if by my ready Wil- lingneſſe to preſerve the Memory of Things, to relate the Truth, and to train up the Minds of men to Honeſty and Wiſedom, I may thereby find a Place amongſt the petty Writers of great Matters. Whatſoever it be, To God, my Country and Pofterity, at the Altar of Truth, I dedicate and conſecrate it. The + 1 r. 生 ​* 进 ​刊 ​the T. - 香 ​{ |- 毕 ​本 ​1. 出 ​- 另一 ​4 } | s' 中 ​The } 中 ​hur 1 1 4 f P IFE 4. ” } 日 ​f 年 ​(1) ※亲亲​说​眾​號 ​THE Introduction Father. ave thier. 1 ye HE Lineage and Deſcent of ELIZABETH Queen Eli. Queen of England was by her Father's neage by the fide truly Royall: for ſhe was Daughter to King Henry the Eighth, Grand-daugh- ter to Henry the Seventh, and Great- grand-daughter to Edward the Fourth. By the Mother's By the Mo Jide her Deſcent was not ſo high; howbeit Noble. it was, and branched out by many and great Alliances both through Eng- land and Ireland. Her Great-grand-father's Father was Jeffrey Bolen, a man of a good Family in Norfolk, Lord Mayor of the City of London in the Tear 1457. and at the ſame time honoured with the Dignity of Knighthood. A fincere honeſt man be was, of ſuch Eſtimation, that Thomas Lord Hoo and Hakings , Knight of the Order of Saint George, gave him his Daughter and one of his Heirelles to Wife; and of ſo large Meins, that he matched his Daughters into the Noble Houſes of the Cheineys, Heydons and For- ceſcues, left his Son a. fair Efate, and bequeathed a thoi- Sand Pounds of Engliſh Money to be beſtowed upon the poor in the City of London, and two hundred in Norfolk. This man's Son, William Bolèn, was one of the eighteen Knights of the Bath made at the Coronation of King Richard the Third: to whom Thomas Earl of Ormond ( who was in ſuch Favour with the Kings of England, that be alone of all the Noblemen of Ireland had his place and Vote in the Parliaînent of England, and that alſo above the Barons of England, ) gave his Daughter and one of his Hei- reſſes in Marriage. By her (beſides Daughters married to Shelton, Calchrop, Clere, and Sackvill, wealthy men, and A of + The Introduction. of great Families, and other Children,) he had Thomas Bolen, whom, being a young man, Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey, who was afterward Duke of Norfolk, raman much renowned for his worthy Service and Atchievements in the Wars, , made choice of to be his Son-in-law, giving him his Daughter Elizabeth in Marriage: and Henry the Eighth, after be had performed one or two very honourable Embaſſies, made him firf Treaſurer of bis Houſehold , Knight of the Order of Saint George, and Viſcount Rochford ; and af- terwards Earl of Wiltſhire and Ormond,and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. This Thomas, amongſt other Children, begat Anne Bolen Anne Bolen; who in ber tender Tears was ſent into France, born 1507. and there waited firſt on Mary of England, Wife to Lewis the Twelfth, and then on Claudia of Bretaigne, Wife to Fran- cis the Firſt, and after her Death on Margaret of Alencong who was a prime Favourer of the Proteſtant Religion then Springing up in France. Being returned into England, and admitted one of the Queen's Maids of Honour, and being nom Loved of the twenty ipo years of Age, King Henry, in the thirty eight) Tear af. his Agė, did for ber Modeſty, mixed with a French Grace and Pleaſanitneſs , fall deeply in Love with her; and when he eguld not overcome her Chaſtity, he fought to make her his Wife, in Hopes of Ijue male by her. He (to fetch the matter a little higher) began now, after ſeventeen Years Marriage, to grow weary of Queen Katharine his Wife, a. Lady of very Religious Behaviour and Spaniſh Gravity; bombeit many times miſcarrying in the Fruit of ker:Womband having but one onely Daughter living, name- The cauſe ly the Lady Mary. . And this be did through the cus cunning Artifice of Thomas Wolley, Cardinall, wbo, being now in the height :of Power with tbe King, had in a manner no Command over bimſelf. For, bearing a Grudge to the Em- perour Charles the Fifth, Queen Katharine's Siſter's Son, for denying him the Archbiſhoprick of Toledo, and becauſe he bad not favoured him in his afpiring to the Popedome, and being now fout of a Malice to Charles) fo devoted to the French King ; that he deſigned King Henry a Wife out of King, being minded to put away his Wife. of thic Di. vorcc. France; The Introduction. 2 4 France; he cauſed a Scruple to be put into the King's Head, who was already prone enough to his own Deſires, that his preſent Marriage with Queen Katharine, who before had been bis Brother Archu's VVife, was forbidden by the Law of God, nitwithſtanding that Julius the Second, Biſhop of Rome, kad diſpenſed therewith. Afterwards he himſelf pr:fed it often upon him, how hainouſly be had offended God in marrying Queen Katharine, and in what a great Sin be continued to lie by retaining her; that he had incurred the Sentence of Excommunication, and that God had already evidenced his Anger againſt this ſo unlawfull a Marriage, who would not ſuffer any Ijue male, though once or twice con- ceived, to live; and that nothing elſe could be expected, but chat theſe blou dy Wars ſo lately laid aſleep would again break out with freſh Slaughters, unleſs a laxfull Heir to the Crown were once certainly known. To the end therefore that all Scruple might be removed out of the King's Mind, and his Soul, which had for ſo many rear's been polluted with In- ceſt; unburtbened, and withall the Safety and Security of the Realn by the undoubted Succeſſion of a lawfull Iſſue pro- vided for, ſhe was to be divorced from him. Hereupon the King petitioneth Clement the Seventh, The matter Biſhop of Rome, that he would depute Commiſſioners to hear the Popes and examine the Cauſe; and that either the Diſpenſation of Pope Julius might be confirmed by the Authority of Holy Scripture, or be might be abſolved from the Sentence of Ex- cominunication, and it might be decreed that the preſent Marriage was no Marriage, but null and of no Force,and that he might be at Liberty to contra&t Marriage with any other Vornan whatſoever any other Canon to the contrary notwith- ſtanding.The Pope made Wolſey and Cardinall Campeius his The Pope's Deputies: to which Campeius be alſo privately delivered a Bull , wberein, favourably inclining to the King's Deſire as far as with a good Conſcience before God he lawfully might, he granted all things, in caſe it ſhould prove that the Marriage contracted with Queen Katharine were declared to have been and to be void and null. But this Bull he appointed to be either Rerolution. A 2 The Introduction. The King's Marriage canvaſed in fitics. delayeth the buſineſs. either concealed or publiſhed, according as the Emperour's Affairs in Italy ſucceeded. Now were Queſtions every-where thie Univci. fiarted, whether it were juſtifiable by the Law of God for the Brother to take his Broiber's Widow to Wife : and if this were forbidden by God's Law, whether it might not be made Judged void. | lawfull by the Pope's Diſpenſation. But when ſeverall Vni- verſities in Chriſtendom and many very Learned men had by their joyrt Suffrages declared ſuch a Marriage to be repug- nant 10 the Sacred Laws of both Teſtaments, notwithſtanding the Biſhop of Rome's Diſpenſation; the King began to be violently in Love with Anne Bolen; and withallthe Cardi- nall, repenting him too late of what he had done, and being put forward with Anger, ſo wrought under-hand with the The Pope, Biſhop of Rome, that he refuſed to confirm by his Papal Aul- thority the Judgments of the Vniverſities, and the Cauſe was prolonged and delayed from day to day both at Rome and in England : for the Cardinall ſtood in Fear of Anne Bolen, who, being addicted to the Proteſtant Do&trine, bated his un- reaſonable Pomp and Pride. The Pope alſo flood in doubt of the Emperour, who was now very ſtrong in Italy, and moſt ſtifly difended the Cauſe of his Aunt Queen Katharine. Nei. ther yet would the Pope incenſe King Henry, who had not long before, when he was taken Priſoner by the Imperialiſts, The King, by his Arms and Money procured bis Liberty . King Henry, Nobility fup, though he were herewith much diſpleaſed, yet did he finotber blogerice it at preſent; and firſt himſelf by his Embaſſadours and Let- ters,and then the Prelates and Nobility of England by a Sup- plication ſigned and ſubſcribed with their Hands and Seals, with humble Intreaties caſting themſelves down at the Pope's Feet, befought him, that what the two Univerſities of Eng- land, the Vniverſity of Paris, and ſeverall other Univerſi- ties, with divers Learned and ſolid men, both at Home and abroad, had affirmed to be true, and were ready to defend and maintain for Truth as well by Word as Writing, might (to uſe their own words) be confirmed by his Apoftolicall Authority. And an extraordinary Infelicity it would be, csay they) if this could not be obtained of the See Apoftolick by in. The Introduction. 2 3 by that Prince whoſe onely Help bad upholden and ſupported the Authority of the See Apoftolick; wko, when it was laid at by many, oppoſed them ſeverall times, partly by his Sword, partly úy bis Pen, and partly by bis Word and Authority, and yet be alone could not enjoy the Aſſiſtence of ber Authori- ty. But that be inight enjoy it they beſought him again and again, left Civill Wars ſhould break forth anew about the Ti- tle to the Succeſſion. The Prelates alſo, fearing left the Pope ſhould interdi&t And the pre- the Realm, or excommunicate the King, did by their own par- themſelves . ticular Letters put him in minde of the wofull Diſſenfion for- merly between Alexander the Third, Biſhop of Rome, and Henry the Second,ling of England;and amongſt other weigb- ty Reaſons,they with humble Prayers adviſed him in thoſe very words in a manner which Gilbert Biſhop of London at that time uſed. Your ardent Zeal we moſt humbly beleech you for a time to reſtrain within the Bounds of Modeſty and Sobriety, leſt by pronouncing either the Sentence of Interdict, or that finall Declaration of Exciſion or Excom- munication, you ſuffer innumerable Churches to be miſe- rably ſubverted, and (which God forbid) irrevocably turn away from your Obedience as well the King himſelf , as infinite numbers of People with him. Better it is that a Member be joyned to the Head, though it be maimed, then quite cut off, and caſt from the Body. Maimed Mem- bers may be healed again, but being once cut off they ne- ver unite to the body more. Cutting off bringeth De- ſpair, whereas the Chirurgeon's wary Hand many times healeth the Wound. Better it is therefore, if it ſo pleaſe you, that at the preſent you doe your beſt to heal the Wound, (if any there be,) then by cutting off ſo Noble a Part from God's Church, you bring matters (which are already in a higli Confuſion ) into greater Diſorder then can be expreſſed. Then at length doth the Bloud Royall know how to be overcome, when it hath overcome; and is not aſhamed to yield when it hath vanquiſhed. With Mildneſs it is to be dealt withall, and to be overcome with Admonitions S } The Introduction. The King : ledcd re- nounceth the Biſhop of Rome,&c. Admonitions and Pacience. For what if Patience either already ſhewed, or to be ſhewed a little longer, do bring fome Loſs of temporalt Concernments ? ought there not to be a ſlacking of Severity when the Ruine of the People is threatened? Are not many things to be thrown over- board when the hideous Confuſion of Sea and Waves me- naceth Deſtruction ? But when the Pope and his Cardinals gave no Ear to theſe things, but neglected them for the ſpace of five Tears or thereabouts , taking it in Diſdain that the Pope's Power in Diſpenſing ſhould be called in Queſtion, and thought fit that the King ſhould be cited to appear at Rome, being nee they conſtrained the King, (being a Prince full of Spirit, and already exaſperated with the Perverſeneſs of forne Church-men at Hoine, and who thought, that in regard of the Equity of his Cauſe he was moſt unjustly dealt withall, in conſideration of his Royall Dignity most unrorthily , and in reſpect of his Deſerts from the Church of Romé moſt ungratefully,) that at one and the ſame time in a manner be both put away Queen Katharine, deprived Cardinall Wo!- ſey of his Goods and Pofeſſions, laid a great Fine upon the Biſhops, for owning and ſubmitting to his Legative Power in Prejudice of the King's Preeminence , aboliſhed the Au. thority of the Biſhop of Rome, took upon him the Title of Su- preme Head of the Church of England next under Chriſt, which was given him by a Synod and the Univerſities of Eng- land, advanced Anne Bolen (clad in ber Robes of Ho- nour, with a golden Coronet on her Head,) to the Dignity of Marchioneſs of Pembroke, with the Conſent of the Peers of the Realm, for the Nobility of her Birth, and the great Me- and America rit of her Vercues, (ſo the words run,) took her to Wife, and commanded her to be Inaugurated Queen ; whilf Pope Clement the Seventh chafed in vain at it, decreed the for- mer Marriage to be valid and Canonicall, and pronounced the King to have incurred the Pains and Penalties of the greater Excommunication. By this Marriage was born the Lady ELIZABETH at Greenwich upon the Thames, on the ſeventh of Sep- tember I len. Queen Eli. zabeth born. : The Introduction. 4 1 Declared tember 1533. And ſhortly after the former Marriage con- tracted with Queen Katharine was by the Authority of Par. liainent declared void and inceſtuous, and this with Queen Anne to be juſt and conſonant to the Law of God: the La- dy Elizabeth, if the King ſhould fail of Iſue male, was de- clared Heir apparent to the Crown; and an Oath of Allege- Heir appá- ance taken by all the Subjects to the King and bis Heirs by Queen Anne. And when Paul the Third purpoſed to pro- nounce Sentence afreſh at Rome againſt this Marriage, and at Home an holy Maid or Nun in Kent, (being ſuborned and The holy fet on by ſome Religious perſons, ) as if he were moved with Kent . a Divine and Prophetick Fury; uttered many things againſt the ſaine, and againſt the King; the Title of Supreme Head Authority of the Church of England, with all manner of Authority ile Bing in to reform Errours, Hereſies and Abuſes in the fame, rcs call matters. given to the King by the Eſtates of the Realin, and the faid Oath of Allegeance to the King's Heirs by Queen Anne con- firmed. Nevertheleſs ſcarce were three Tears fully expired, wben, falling into new Loves, Jealouſies, Fiage, and medi- tating Bloud and Slaughter, that he might make way for the new Fancy be had to Jane Seimour, he called Queen Anneliikein to her Triall, accuſing her upon a light Sufpicion of Adulte- Queen Anne. ry, after ſhe bad miſcarried of a Male child ſhe went withall. Queen Anne cleared berſelf ſo far of the Matters objected againſt her, that the Multitude tbat ſtood by judged her to be innocent, and meerly circumvented. Nevertheleſs her Peers .condemned her. Being condemned, ſhe very band- ſomely and pleaſantly by a Meſſenger ſent her ſingular Thanks to tbe King for the Favours be had beaped upon her; viz. that, although ſhe were deſcended of no very honourable Ei- neage; be had advanced her to the noble Dignity of a Mar- chioneſs, to the Honour to be his Bed-fellow, and to the high Condition of a Queen, and beyond all the reſt.) that when be could exalt ber no higher upon Earth, he would now raiſe ber up to Heaven, where ſhe should enjoy, eternall Glory a- mongſt. Hoły and Innocent Perfons. Her Death be under- went quietly and Chriſtianly, wiſhing alt Happineſs to the Glasdis.bc- ) King, and forgiving her Enemies. 1 The The Introduction. The King marrieth jane Sei. mour. timate. Queen fane dicth in childbirth ward. Proteſtants. The King the very next day after married Jane Seimour; and declared by Authority of Parliament the Marriage with Queen Anne, as well as that with Queen Katharine, to be flatly unlawfull and void, and their Daughters, the two La- Mary and E. dies Mary and Elizabeth, to be therefore Illegitimate, and to lizabeth deo be excluded from the Succeſſion to the Crown, Queen Jane fell in Labour of Prince Edward, and preſently died, the ſaid Prince being fain to be cut out of her Womb, and ſucceeding of King Ed. bis Father after in the Kingdom. The king, being but little troubled for his Queen's Death, preſently applied himſelf to find another Wife, both in Italy and France, to ſtrengthen The Kingra: himſelf with new Alliances. Nevertheleſs, being doubtfull gech against and unreſolved in Mind, and timorous of every thing, whilft naſteries, and be food in Fear of the Papiſts for Rebellions formerly rai- ſed, left the Nobility ſhould attempt nem Commotions at Home, or joyn with forrein Enemies, ſome of them for ſight Cauſes, and ſome without any Hearing, he cut ſhorter by the Heads. Many of the Religious, for their Objiinacy in main- taining the Pope's Power, he put to Death as Traitours'; and out of Avarice, as before he had done the leſſer, ſo now he plucked down the greater Abbies, Places of venerable Anti- quity and Majefly, and ſeized upon their Wealth, which had been ſo many Tears beaping together, taking advantage from the Miſcarriage of humane Frailty, and their diſſolute manner of Life. And withall be burned the Proteſtants as The Law of Hereticks, by a Law which they called The Six Articles, the Six Ar- made againji thoſe who oppoſed the Doctrine of the Church of Rome concerning Tranſubſtantiation, one Kind in the Sacra ment of the Euchariſt, the Unmarried Life of Prieſts, Vows, Private Malles, and Auricular Confeſſion. Inſomuch as at one and the ſame time and place heraged againſt the Papiſts, by Hanging, drawing and quartering, and againſt the Pro- teftants, by Burning them alive. Whereby be grew ſo terrible at Home, and was taken for ſuch a Tyrant abroad, that he was rejected firſt by Mary of Lorrain, the Duke of Guiſe his Daughter, whom he wooed, being Rivall therein to James King of Scots, his Nephew ; and then by Chriſtiana of Den. mark The Introduction. 5 And behea. He marrieth Part. mark, Dutcheſs of Milain, Niece to Charles the Fifth. Aty length with much adoe be obtained Anne of Cleve to Wife, He marrieth thereby endeavouring to ſecure the Friendſhip of the Prote- Cleve, and ftants in Germany: whom as ſoon as he had married be caſt away again. off, loathing her, as not being beautifull enough for a Prince , giving himſelf over as well to Diſdain as Luft; pretending the Cauſe to be, becauſe ſhe had been formerly betroathed to the Duke of Lorrain's Son, and charging her with I know not what womaniſh Impotency: and all to bring over her Head Katharine Howard, Daughter of Edmund Howard, the ben nieth and Niece to Thomas Duke of Norfolk; whom the next Year Howard. after he beheaded, as guilty of Incontinency before the Marri- deth her, age, and took to Wife Katharine Parr, of a Knightly Family, Katy whom he left the ſecond time a Widow. Perceiving now bis Body to be much decayed through the Intemperance of his Youth, and being inraged againſt the French King, becauſe he had aſiſted the Scots againſt the Engliſh, but more favourably inclined toward the Empe- rour Charles, ( who, having quite forgotten the Divorce of bis Aunt Queen Katharine, bad ſecretly given him aſured Hope of Reconciliation to the Church of Rome, in which Bu- ſineſs the French King had formerly deluded him,) be en- tred into a League with the Emperour Charles againſt the Heis recon- French. Then proječting in bis Mind to invade France, that citer les he might the more engage Charles the Emperour to him, and Emperour. withall quiet his exulcerate and galled Conſcience, he pro- pounded to the Eſtates of the Realm in Parliament, that iſ be Mould die, and his Son Prince Edward alſo without Ijue, He eſtabli. firſt the Lady Mary, and, if ſhe ſhould fail of Ifue, then the Shelt fele Lady Elizabetli, ſhould fucceed in the Kingdom. But if all his children. they ſhould die Iſueleſs, then the Crown of England ſhould be devolved upon ſuch Perſons to whom he ſhould either by Let- ters Patents, or by his last Will and Teſtament, aſſign the ame. Which was with the ready and chearfull Conſent of all men enacted and eſtabliſhed, upon Pain of High treaſon to the Oppoſers thereof. After his Return out of France, and the Winning of Bologne, with a vaſt Expence of Money, 1 B whila Bologne. He winneth Bologne. The Introduction. He dicth. Edward the whilſt be lamented the Difiračiion of England through nem Opinions daily ſpringing up in it, (and England itſelf fate highing and groaning to ſee her Wealth exhauſted, her Mo- ney embaſed and mingled with Copper, her Abbeys demoliſhed, which were the Monurrents of ancient Piety, the Bloud of her Nobility, Prelates, Papiſts and Proteſtants, promiſcuouſly ſpilt, and the Land embroiled in a VVar mith Scotland) being fwoln up with Fat, he breathed out his laſt, of a viru- lent Inflammation called Saint Antonie's Fire in his Thigh, in the beginning of the Year 1547. A magnanimous Prince he was, in whoſe great Mind were confuſedly mixed many emi- nent Vertues with no leſs notorious Vices. Prince Edward his son, being yet ſcarce ten years old, ceedetlihim. Succeeded hinx ; his Uncle Edward Seimour, Duke of Somer- ſet, being made Protectour : under whoſe auſpicious Govern. ment a notable Victory was obtained over the Scots at Muf- ſelburgh, whilſt the Engliſh by Force of Arms demanded the Performance of a Contra&i concerning Mary Queen of Scots eſpouſing to King Edward. Alſo the cruell and blou- dy Law of the Six Articles, and other Laws made by King Henry the Eighth againſt the Proteſtants, were repealed; Thedo&rine thoſe for aboliſhing the Pope's Authority confirmed; the bfoluefie fic Maſs wholly abrogated ; Images removed out of Churches; the Books of both Teſtaments printed in the Vulgar Tongue; Divine Service celebrated in the ſame; and both Kinds ad. The unlap- miniſtred in the Euchariſt . But ſacrilegious Avarice ra- Kingdom un venouſly invaded Church-livings, Colledges, Chauntries, deran - Hoſpitals , and Places dedicated to the Poor, as things ſuper- Nitious : Ambition and Emulation among the Nobility, Pre- ſumption and Diſobedience among the Common people, grew fo extravagant and inſolent, that England ſeemed to be as it were in a downright Phrenſie, miſerably languiſhing at the very Heart by reaſon of Rebellions, Tumults, Fations, em- baſing of her Money, and all the Miſchiefs and Maladies which are wont to bappen under an Infant-King. Hereupon alla followed Dammages abroad: the Strong-holds of the Engliſh in Scotland and France were loft: Bologne, which cof brought in. fant-King. t The Introduction. 6 tour beliea: coft fo.dear, with all the Forts raiſed by the Engliſh in the Countrey about it, as alſo the Ordnance and Munition, were betrayed to the French for Money, to the incredible Diſhonour of the Engliſh Nation : whilft England, now rent with civill Seditions, was not able to defend the ſame; and Charles the Emperour, being ſued to for his Aſiſtence , according to the late Confederacy, denied to relieve it, ( as being wone by the Englilh after the Confederacy was made, ) yea, and re- fuſed to take it into his own Hands when it was offered him gratis. And, to increaſe the Infelicity of thoſe Tines, the -Protectour, nat aware of the cunning Practices of Dudley Duke of Northumberland , was condemned of Felony by a The Protec Law newly made, for attempting to kill the King's Counſeb- died lours, (namely Northumberland and others,) and beheaded; his Son was bý a privite Law diſpoſſeſſed of the greateſt part of his Inheritance and his Fatber's Honours; and the King himſelf , being now deftitute of the Aſiſtence of his Friends, and expoſed to the Cruelty of Ambitious perſons, was taken. a.- The Deathof way by an untimely Death, (whether through any naturall King Edward Diſeaſe, or by Poiſon, is uncertain,) leaving behind him an incredible. Miſs of himſelf amongſt the People, for his fingu- lar and rare Vertues above his Tears. In this dolefull Time, when Dudley had by bis ſubtle Con- trivances difjúlved the Knot of brotherly Love between the Protectour and Thomas Seimour his Brother, taking Occa- fion from a wo:naniſh Emulation betwixt the Queen Dowager, now Thomas his Wife, and the Dutcheſs of Somerfet the Pro- tectour's Wife , amongſt other things to convict. Thomas of High treaſon, it was objected, that he intended to ſeize the King into his Hands, and to take the Lady Elizabeth the King's Sifter to Wife. All this he was utterly ignorant af, and far from any Sufpicion, growing apdaily to riper Pears, and continuing in great Grace and Favoar with King, Edu ward.her Errther, finho called her by no other Name thèn Elizabeib's his tweet Siſter Temperance, ), ds likewiſe it fingular en el terace ſteem with the Nobility and People!! For ſhe was of admil Beker Table Beauty, and nell deſerving a crown, of a modeft Gra: mendations , vity, The Lady B2 The Introduction. in vain pro- of Learning claimed Queca. . vity, excellent Wit, Royall Soul, happy Memory, and indefa- and Study tigably given to the Study of Learning ; infornuch as before ſhe was ſeventeen Years of age ſhe underſtood well the La- tine, French and Italian Tongues, and was indifferently well ſeen in the Greek. Neither did ſhe negle&t Muſick, so far as it might beſeem a Princeſs , being able to ſing ſweetly, and play bundſonely on the Lute. With Roger Aſcham, who was her Tutour, ſe read over Melanchthon's Common places, all Tully, a great part of the Hiſtories of Titus Livius, cer- tain ſelet Orations of Iſocrates, whereof two ſhe turned into Latin,) Sophocles's Tragedies, and the New Teſta- ment in Greek: by which means ſhe both framed her Tongue to a pure and elegant way of Speaking, and informed her Mind with apt Documents and Inſtructions ; daily applying berſelf to the Study of good Letters, not for Pomp and Oſten- tation, but in order to uſe in ber Life, and the practice of Vertue ; infomuch as ſhe was a kind of Miracle and Ad. miration for her Learning amongſt the Princes of her Time, But theſe her liberall Studies were interrupted by the Death of 'her Brother King Edward: whoſe Breath was ſcarce out of his Body., when certain Meſſengers were ſent from Dudley Duke of Northumberland, (who affe&ted the Crown for . Jane Grey, to whom he bad betroathed bis Son,) to move her to reſign ber Title to the Crown for a Summe of Money, and certain Lands to be ſettled on her. She modeft- ly anſwered, that her elder Sifter the Lady Mary was firſ to be agreed wiiball: for as long as the ſaid Lady Mary lived, the for ber part could challenge no Right at all. Shortly Siſter of King Henry the Eighth, was publickly proclaimed Queen of England. To colour which, it was pretended that the Ladies Mary and Elizabeth were by Act of Parliament judged Illegitimate, wbicb A&t was never duly repealed; notwithſtanding that the King their Father had by the ſame Lam declared that they ſhould ſucceed in Order after Edward the Sixth, in caſe he ſhould fail of Iſſue :) and that T 2 1 the The Introduction. 7. the ſaid Siflers could not by the Law of England heredita- rily ſucceed King Edward, becauſe they were not Germans, that is, of the whole Bloud by Father and Mother, but ( as our Lawyers term it ) of the half Bloud. It was alſo al ledged, that Henry the Eighth by his laſt Will and Tefta- ment conveyed the Title of the Crown to the ſaid Lady Jane Grey. And withall it was obje&ted, how dangerous it might be, if either the Lady Mary or the Lady Elizabeth ſhould marry a forrein Prince, who might reſtore the Biſhop of Rome's Authority at preſent thrown out of England, and ſubje&t the Engliíh under a forrein Toak. And to the farne purpoſe alſo they produced Letters Patents of King Edward the Sixth, made a little before his Death, and ſigned with the Hands of many Noblemen, Biſhops, Judges, and others. Nevertheleſs the firong Inclination and Affection of the Nobility and Commons towards King Henry the Eighth his Daughters within twenty days diſperſed this Storin, to the fatall Ruine of the Duke and the Lady Jane ; and the Lady The Lady Mary was proclaimed Queen all over England: who coming claimed to London with an Army, the Lady Elizabeth went forth to the Lady meet her with five hundred Horſe, left le ſhould be wan joyneth with ting to her Siſter's and her own Cauſe, which was then ſo much concerned. In the firſt Parliament òbich Queen Mary: held, whatſo- A Parlia- ever bad been decreed againſt the Marriage between Queen ment. Katharine, her Mother, and King Henry the Eighth , was repealed, and the ſaid Marriage adjudged to be conſonant to the Law of God, and validi to ali Intents and Purpoſes, for theſe Reaſons: Becauſe it had been contracted and celea brated with the Conſent of their Parents ,miſe and prüdent Princes; by Advice of the graveft meri . as well in England'as Spain, and'ufon iñature Deliberation with the moſt. Learried men of all Chriſtendom, and xompleated and perfected by the Procreation of Children betwixt i hem. The ſame Form alfo Popery re. of Religion and Service of God, and Adminiſtration of the Sacraments, which was in uſe at the Death of Henry the Eighth, was reſtored; bombeit without any Acknowledgment her. ſtored. or The Introduction. } very much thority. or Mention at all of the Pope's Authority: 'which troubled both the Queen and Cardinall Poole, who both of them were of Opinion, that in the matter of the Marriage the Conſent of the Parents and Judgement of the viſe and learned men depended meerly and ſolely upon the Diſpenſati- on of Pope Julius the Second; and were highly offended that the Uſe of the Sacraments was, without the Pope's Au- thority, permitted to ſuch as were not yet ſolemnly received The Engliſh into the Church. But the Efates of the Realm (as Queen ied themMary found) were afraid to admit and acknowledge again Pope's Au- the Authority of the Biſhop of Rome, which they had now Naken off. Neither would they endure that the Queen ſhould lay down the Title of Supreme Head of the Church of Eng- land, which moſt of the Biſhops, Nobility and Commons bad confirmed by Oatb to Henry the Eighth, his Heirs and Suc- ceſſours; beſides, many of them had increaſed their Eſtates býthe Revenues of the Church. But ſhe was beartily defi- rous to lay it down, as being perſwaded that her whole Title to the Crown was upheld and ſtrengthened by no other means but by the Power of the Biſhop of Rome; who had given Sen- tence in her behalf , after that her Father bad procured her to be declared Illegitimate. And indeed at this time many bare ſuch an Hatred againſt the Pope's Power and the Wyat's Re- Thoughts of a forrein Toak, that Sir Thomas Wyat and, Some Kentiſh-men , within ten days after the Marriage con- tracted betwixt Queen Mary and Philip of Spain, brake forth into open Rebellion, being perſwaded that it was made up to no other end, but by the Power of the Spaniards to bam- per the Engliſh-mens Necks the more ſtreightly under the Tonk of the Biſhop of Rome, and to make away the Lady Elizabeth, the next Heir to the Crown of England. And the Emperour Charles the Fifth, well knowing the Temper of men in England, layed ſuch Rubs and Delays in Cardi- nall Pool's way , (who was.coming into England with the Power of a Legate from the Pope, and that not without the Privity of the Queen, left he ſhould give occaſion of Of- fence while matters were yet unſettled, that became not bellion. 1 into The Introduction. . 8 ſhe was be. into England till after fifteen Months, when the Queen's third Parliament was now bolden , and the Marriage be- twixi Queen Mary and King Philip celebrated by Diſpenſa- Queen Mary tion of Julius the Third, Bifhop of Rome, becauſe they Son, though were within the ſecond and third Degree of Confanguinity, and the ſaid Charles the Emperour bad formerly contracted the teachers Marriage de futuro with the Lady Mary, being then a very Infant. Poole at laſt diſmiſſed by the Emperour came into England, and, being reſtored in Bloud, propounded to the Efiates with Prayers and great Intreaties that the Laws againſt Hereticks might be revived and reinforced, that all the Lams enacted againſt the See of Rome ſince the twenti. eth Tear of Henry the Eighth might be repealed, and that the whole. Body of the Realm might be reconciled to the Church of Rome. Which things at length with much adoe upon what be obtained, but not before ſuch time as by the ſame Statute England is the Revenues taken by King Henry the Eighth and Edward to the the Sixth from Abbeys, Colledges, Biſhopricks, &c. were confirmed to the Queen and the preſent Poffeffours, leſt che Quiet of the Realm ſhould be diſturbed. Hereupon he preſently abſolved the Clergy and People from the Guilt of Scbifm; a ſolemn Maſs was celebrated at Rome by Pope Ju- Great joy lius the Third himſelf for Foy, Proceſſions were decreed, a Rome. Fubilee appointed, and plenary Indulgence granted to every one which ſhould give God Thanks for the Re-uniting of the Kingdom of England. To Rome were ſent Anthony Diſcount Montacute, Thurlbey Biſhop of Ely, and Sir Ed- ward Carne, to give Thanks for Pardon of the Schiſm, and to tender in the name of the King, Queen and Realm, due Sub- miſſion and Obedience to the Pope and See Apoftolick. To whom in the Apoftolick Palace and Court of Kings was gran- ted by Paul the Fourth (for Julius was now dead) a pub- lick Confiftory or Audience, their Obedience accepted, tibe Pardon and Abfolution given by Cardinall Poole approved and new confirmed. And the more to oblige Queen Mary Ireland eres. and King Philip, the Pope, out of his plenary Apoſtolica iz ene dhe atoma Power, erected Ireland into a Kingdom for ever, and how the Biſhop noured Church of Rome. therefore at of Rome. The Introduction. The Papiſts ſtand in fear Elizabeth. noured and adorned it with Regall Title, Dignity and Pre- eminences, G. All which notwithſtanding the Eſtates of Ireland had by their own Authority before amply conferred on Henry the Eighth, and the Queen herſelf already uſed and enjoyed. But theſe things are not proper to this place. Now the Romiſ Religion ſeemed to be fully eſtabliſhed in of the Lady England. Nevertheleſs the Eccleſiaſticks in England, ſee- ing finall Hope of Iſue by the Queen, who was now forty years old, barren, and ſickly, ſtill ſtood in Fear of the Lady Eli- zabeth: for they knew ſhe was bred up in the Proteſtant Re- ligion, and perceived all mens Hearts and Eyes to incline towards her as towards the riſing Sun. Seriouſly therefore they conſulted from the firſt beginning of Queen Marie's Reign, that the Religion nom reſtored might receive no De- triment by her means. To make away the Royall Ifue by wicked Hand, ſeemed to the foberer fort, and to Queen Mary berſelf , r naturally a mild and loving Princeſs, though bea- ring her no great Good will, in regard of the Grudges and Diſpleaſures betwixt their Mothers, ) a bainous Sin. But ſome other ill-diſpoſed perſons thought the contrary, who were of Opinion that, for eſtabliſhing of the Catholick Reli- gion, any thing was to be adventured on, any thing to be committed, though it were in itſelf never co unjuſt. And fell out very opportunely for them, that Sir Thomas Wy- at, Sir Peter Carew, Sir James a Croftes, and other Pro- teſtants , bad ſeditiouſly raiſed Tumults and Commotions, and endeavoured to joyn the Lady Elizabeth in Marriage They trou. with Edward Courtney Earl of Devonſhire . Hereupon me, as privy to the Deſign, was thruſt into Priſon: and firſt uncertain Rumours were ſpred abroad, that ſhe was acceſ- ſary to the Rebellion; then ſome were called in Queſtion for their Lives, and others put to the Rack, Croftes openly affirmed witb religious Proteſtations, that ſhe was not acceſ- ſary, and that ſhe was clear from all Hand in the Sedition. Wyat alſo, (who was reported to have ſecretly accuſed her,) being now ready to ſuffer Death, publickly avowed the ſame. She nevertheleſs was poaſted hither and thither, having it ble hier. 1 Keepers The Introduction.. 9 . Keepers ſet over her ; her Servants and Waiting-women were forthwith carried to Priſon , and herſelf more hardly and rigorouſly treated then ſtood with ber Quality and Dignity. In the mean while Henry the Second King of France The French cheareth her up by private Letters full of Love and Affec- King of Den- tion; and, promiſing her many and great matters, inviteth fore her. her into France: whether out of reall Love I cannot ſay, or onely è cunning Deſign to work, her greater Danger, and make way for the Queen of Scots / who was deſigned to be bis Daughter-in-law ) to the Crown of England after Queen Mary. Chriſtian the Third Tiing of Denmark (who bad not long before made Profeſſion of the Proteftant Religion) offereth ber alſo all Kindneſs , and withall dealeth with her privately about a Marriage with his Son Frederick: which was no ſooner perceived by the Papiſts in England, but they again threaten her with new Miſchief, and, ſuſpecting their New Plots Condition, cry out, that the Romiſh Religion, the Queen and mies tagainit Realm , can never be ſafe as long as ſhe is alive. Needs hier : therefore muſt ſhe be condemned, either of High treaſon, or Hereſie. At the ſame time, whilſt great Cruelty was uſed againſt the Proteſtants of leſſer note, John Story Doctour of Law, and other mercileſs men, gave out in their Meetings, that the Root of Hereſie (meaning her ) was rather to be ſtubbed up, then the ſmaller Brancbes to be lopped off. The They force Lady Elizabeth, now governing herſelf as it were 8 Ship in rous to diſ- ſtoriny Weather, both heard Divine Service after the Romiſh Romifh Rc- manner, and was often Confeſſed, yed, at the rigorous Inſtan-ligion. ces and Menaces of Cardinall Poole, profeſſed herſelf, for Fear of Death, a Romiſ Catholick: yet did not Queen Ma- ry believe her, as remembring that ſhe herſelf, for Fear of Death, had by Letters written with her own Hand to her Father (which I myſelf bave ſeen) both for ever re- nounced the Bifbop of Rome's Authority in England, and withall acknowledged her Father to be Supreme Head of the Church of England under Chriſt , and her Mother's Marriage with King Henry her Father 10 have been inceſtu- с C 1 ous The Introduction. Why the Spaniard (pared the Lady Eliza- A deſign to ſend her out ows and unlawfull . Neither could the Cardinall himſelf and the reſt of the Biſhops be perſwaded ſhe was reall, who, for ſecuring the Romiſh Religion , wiſh'd ſhe were made away. Which notwithſtanding could not found pleaſingly in the Ears of King Philip, Queen Marie's Husband, and the Spa- niards, who were more favourable to the Lady Elizabeth ; not ſo much pittying the Fortune of the afflicted Maiden bert's life?"" | Princeſs, as providently reſpecting their own particular In- tereſts. For they foreſaw that, the Lady Elizabeth being once made away, the Kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scotland, might by Mary Queen of Scots, next Heir to the Crown of England, and already eſpouſed to the Daulphin of France, be united to the French Sceptre; then which no- thing could be more dreadfull to the Spaniard's Grandeur, who had then continuall Wars with the French. Since therefore they could not without Impiety make away of the Land; the Lady Elizabeth, ſome thought beft to remove her at a her from the Diſtance out of England, and to match her with Emanuel Succeſſion. Philibert Duke of Savoy. Neither did this pleaſe the Spa- niard, who had before deſigned ber for his Son Charles. And Sir Thomas Cornwallis, one of the Queen's Councill, difſwaded it, alleaging that the People of England would take it very ill, nay, would not at all endure, that the next Heir to the Crown ſhould be conveyed out of the Land. At the ſame time Queen Mary, out of her inveterate Hatred to the Lady Elizabeth, and becauſe the ſaid Lady was averſe from a Marriage with the Savoyard, was fo tranſported with Anger, that ſhe loaded her with Checks and Taunts, and ſtuck not ever and anon to affirm, that Mary Queen of Scots was the certain and undoubted Heir to the Crown of England next after berſelf . Theſe Conſultations again war decla : the Lady Elizabeth were diverted by a War declared by Queen Mary againſt the French in Favour of her Husband': which though it were the chief and principall Cauſe of the War, yet other Reaſons alſo concurred, and thoſe very reall and plauſible. Viž. That the French, contrary to the Arti- cles of the former League, bad by his Miniſters encouraged and Francc. The Introduction. IO other places and ſupported the Rebellìons of the Duke of Northum- berland and Sir Thomas Wyat , and the Deſigns of Dudley and Alhton againſt ber : That he had coinmiſi- oned Pirates againſt the Engliſh Merchants, furnihed Stafford with Arms and Shipping to ſeize upon Scarbo- rough Caftlé; attempted Calice by ſiniſter means, ſuffered the Engliſh Money to be embaſed in France, and inv.ided the Netherlands, which the Engliſh were bound by Agree- ment to protect. During the Heat of this War, and while the Scots, whom the French had excited, infeſted the Mar- Calice and ches of England, Calice, the Caſtles of Risbank, New-loft . nambrug, Mere, Oye, Hammes, Sandgate, and the Caſtle and Town of Guines, are loſt; and, together with the Death of man; Biſhops, (which by a ſad Preſage ſeemed to bave denounced the Wrath of God againſt the Land,) Queen Ma. ry alſu, being neglected of her Husband, and languiſhing with Grief for the Loſs of Calice, (which had for the ſpace of two hundred Years been in the Hands of the Engliſh,) departed this Life, on the ſeventeenth of November 1558. The death of a Six months Fever and a Tympany, when she had Mary. Řeigned five Tears and four Months. A Princeſs never ſuſñciently to be commended of all men, for her pious and re- ligious Demeanour, her Commiſeration towards the Poor, and ber Munificence and Liberality towards the Nobility and Church-men. Howbeit her Days are ill ſpoken of, by rea- Yon of the barbarous Cruelty of the Biſhops, who (which was a fad Speciacle to behold) polluted England in all Parts thereof by burning the Proteſtants alive. For they deſtroyed more of all Ranks and Qualities, Biſhops, Mini- ſters of God's Word, and of the Common people, by this borrible kind of Death, within the ſpace of five lears, then ( as ſome have obſerved ) King Henry the Eighth did in full ſeven and thirty Tears; or then England ever Saw ſo ſerved ſince the time that in the. Reign of King John Chriſtians firſt began amongſt us to tyrannize one over another with Fire and Faggot. of Queen C 2 The The Introduction. And of Car- dinal Poole. The ſame day that Queen Mary died, died alſo within fem Hours after Cardinall Poole, Archbiſhop of Canter- bury, after he had for ſome time fruggled with a quartan Ague. A man much more renowned for his Piety, Lear. ning and Integrity, then for the Glory of his Royall De- fcent, though he were Son to the Daughter of George Duke of Clarence, Brother to Edward the Fourth, King of England. 1 The 1 1 . . f 1 (11) She The True HISTORIE OR ANN A L LS 1 OF ENGLAND, During the whole Life and Reign of the Ever- Renowned and Victorious Princeſs, ELI Z Α Β Ε Τ Η, Late Queen of ENGLAND. Together with Her Peerleſs Government, both in Peace and war; and all the moſt remarkable things that happened in England, Scotland, France and Ireland. The Firſt Book. } The Firſt Year of Her Reign, Ann. 1558. T 1 HE Death of QUEEN MART having been cer- The Death of Queen tain hours concealed, the firſt news thereof was Mary made brought to the Biſhops and Nobility in the Parlia- knoten. ment-Chamber, (for the Eſtates of the Realm were aſſembled a little before in Parliament.) They, out of ſingular Grief, for a time ſtand mute: yet comforting one ano- ther, they ſoon gather heart again; and mingling Mirth with Mour. D ning, 1 TP 1 The Hiſtory of ELI Z A BETH, Bookl. I2 - 1558. 4 Sir Thomas Cheinen, ning, left they ſhould ſeem either to ſorrow for her which was to ſuc- ceed, or to joy for her which was dead, they turn themſelves to the publick Cares of the State, and with general Conſent decree the LADY ELIZABETH to be proclaimed true and lawful Heir to the Crown, according to the Act of Succeſſion of the 35. year of Henry the Eighth. Soon after, thoſe of the Lower Houre being aſſembled, Heath, Archbiſhop of Tork, Lord Chancellour of the Realm, with Sighs and Sobs ſignifieth unto them, “That their “moft Excellent Queen is by untimely Death taken away both from Religion and Commonwealth; that every of them had taken ſuch Cinward Grief thereat as it exceeded all Conſolation, were it not that Almighty God had of his mercy towards the Engliſh Nation pre- (o ſerved the LADY ELIZABETH, the other Daughter of " King Henry, alive. Of whoſe moſt undoubted Title to the Suc- cc cellion ſeeing there is none that cao, none that ought, to doubt,the « Prelates and Peers had with one voice and mind decreed (in care "they would aſſent) preſently to proclaim her QUEEN. Scarce had he ſpoken the word, when all from all ſides cried and recried, God Save Queen ELIZABETH, Reign She moſt long, Reign She moſt happily. And forthwith the Parliament breaking up, they pro- The Lady claimed her in the greater Palace of Weſtminſter, and immediately Elizabeth after in Cheapfide, the chief Street of the City of London, QVE EN proclaimed Queen. OF ENGLAND, FRANCE AND IRELAND, DEFEN. DRESS OF THE FAT H, and that with happy Acclamations and moſt joyful Applauſe of the People, and certainly with a moſt proſperous and aufpicious beginning: neither did the People ever embrace any other Prince with more willing and conſtant mind and affection, with greater.obſervance,more joyful applauſeand prayers reiterated, whenſoever flie went abroad, during the whole courſe of her Life, then they did her. She being now 25 years of age, and taught by Experience and Adverſity, (two moſt effectual and powerful Maſters,) had gathered Wiſedome above her age : the firſt proof whereof the gave in chu- ſing her Counſellours . For into her Privy Council ſhe took Nicholas Heath, Archbiſhop of York, before mentioned, a man of great wiſedome and modeſt diſpoſition; William Powlet, Marqueſs of Wincheſter, Lord High Treaſurer of England; Henry Fitz-Allen, Earl of Arundel; Francis Talbot, Earl of shrewsbury ; Edward Stanley, Earl of Darby; William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke ; Edward Lord Clinton, Lord Admiral of the Sea; and William Lord Howard of Effingham, Lord Chamberlain; 1 Slie chuſetti Her Coun- rellours. 1 Knights; Sir William Peter, Sir John Maſong Sir Richard Sackvill, and Book I. Queen of ENGLAND. 13 and Nicholas Wotton, Dean of Canterbury: all which were of Queen Mary's Council, and of the ſame Religion 1558. with her. To theſe, with a certain moderation and temperaturc, ac- cording to the reſpect of the Times, ſhe joyned of her own, William Parr, Marqueſs of Northampton ; Franis Ruſell, Earl of Bedford; Edward Rogers ; Ambroſe Cave; Francis Knolles; and William Cecyl, who had been Secretary to King Edward the Sixth, an exceeding wiſe man, and as good as many: and within a while after, Nicholas Bacon, to whom ſhe committed the keeping of the Great Seal: all theſe embracing the Proteſtant Religion, and in no place un- der Queen Mary. Whom, as others ſubſtituted ever after in their rooms, lhe tempered and reſtrained in ſuch ſort, that they were to her moſt devoted, and ſhe was always her own free-woman, and ob- noxious to none. In the firſt beginning of her Reign ſhe applied her firſt Care (how- Her firſt beit with but a few of her inwardelt Counſellours) to the reſtoring of Care is for the Proteſtant Religion, which both by her Inſtruction from her ten- der years, and by her own Judgement, ſhe verily perſwaded herſelf to be moſt true, and conſonant to the Sacred Scriptures and the Sin- cerity of the Primitive Church; and to reſtore the ſame ſhe had with a ſettled and conſtant reſolution determined in her mind. Then with the reſt of her Council ſhe adviſeth, That the Ports ſhould be ſhut That the Tower of London ſhould be committed to ſome man of She diſpo- approved fidelity;That a'new Commiſſion ſhould be ſent over to Tho. mas Earl of Suſſex, Lord Deputy of Ireland, (who kept Ireland in aw- full duty, ſo that it was never more quiet and peaceable, with three hundred and twenty horſe, and eight hundred and ſixty foot, lying there in Garriſon; )That the Commiſſions alſo to the Juridicall Magi- ſtrates (bould be renewed, (left the Term or Juridicall Aſſembly, which waschen holden, ſhould be broken up,) with a Clauſe added, That they ſhould not beſtow any office; That new Juſticers and Sherifs ſhould be appointed in every County;ThatMoney ſhould not be trans- ported in exchange into Countries beyond the Seas; and That Prea- chers ſhould abſtain from Queſtions controverted io Religion. And for forrein matters, That Embaſſadours ſhould be ſent to the Princes She taketh of Chriſtendome,to ſignify untothem the Death of Queen Mary. To care of maco the Emperour Ferdinand therefore is forthwith ſent Sir Thomas Chal- loner with Letters,wherein the Queen with her own hand gave him to underſtand, Thát her siſter was dead; that ſhe by God's goodneſs did by right of Inheritance and Conſent of herSubjects ſucceed her in her King. doms, and deſired nothing more, then that the ancient Amity betwixt the Houſes of England and Auſtria might not onely be keptybut alſo increaſed. To up; ſeth of mat. ters at home. D 2 1 1.4 The hittory of ELIZABETH, Book 1, She is wooed le V 1558. In- ſtructions to the ſame purpoſe; and alſo with a Commiſſion, whereby the Earl of Arundell,Thurlbey Biſhop of ely, and DoctourWotton, Com- miſſioners lately ſent by Queen Mary to treat a Peace at Gambrayyare made Commiſſioners anew in the Queen's name: And with them is joyned in Commiſſion William Lord Howard of Effingham. Sir Henry Killegrew alſo is privily ſent to win the minds of the German Princes, out of their affection to the purer Religion ; D. B. to the King of Denmark, and Armigill Waad to the Duke of Holſteine; King Philip underſtanding of the Death of Queen Mary his Wife, by King fearing left he ſhould loſe the Streagth and Title of the Kingdom of Philip. England, which were to him of ſpecial uſe, and that the Kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scotland, would by Mary, Queen of scots, be annexed unto France,dealt ſeriouſly, by means of the Count of Féria, (whom he had ſent to viſit both his ſick Wife; and the Lady Eliza- beth,) with Queen Elizabeth about a Marriage to be contracted with her, promiſing to procure a ſpecial Diſpenſation from the Biſhop of Rome. This much troubled her, that the moſt potent Prince of Europe, and one that had very well deſerved of her, ſhould be rejected by her, when of his own voluntary motion he ſought to her for Marriage : which to her ſeemed the part both of an unwiſe and an uochankful woman. This alſo troubled the French King, who could pot but miſ doubt France,if by this new Marriage England ſhould fall again to the Spaniard, his Enemy. He laboured therefore all he could at Rome, by the Biſhop of Angouleſme,that no ſuch Diſpenſation might be obtained, foraſmuch as Queen Elizabeth was thought to favour the Proteſtant Doctrine, yea, was pronounced as Illegitimate. But theſe things he did very cloſely, leſt he might ſeem to incenſe the Engliſh, matgers being not yet fully compounded betwixt them. The Count of Feria, to effect this Marriage, beateth into the Papilts heads everywhere in England, “That they have no other means to uphold the Catholick Religion, and maintain their ancient Honour; and this Marriage being neglected, he cannot but pity England, as being exhauſted " of her Wealth, needy.of Military men, ill. ftrengthened with For “treſſes and Holds as ill provided of warlike Munition, and as if the “ Counſellours of the Land were void of Counſel. And certainly the State of England lay now moſt afflicted, imbroiled on the gne lide with the Scottiſh,on the other, lide with the French Wars, overchar- ged with Debt incurred by Henry the Eighth and Edward the Sixth the Treaſure exhauſted; Calice and the Country of Øye, with Proviſion for the Wars, loſt, to the great Diſhonour of the Engliſh Nationsthe people diſtracted with different Opinjons in Religion; the Queen bare of potent Friends, and ſtrengthened with no Alliance of forrein Princes. She putteth The Queen, when ſhe had in her mind more adviſedly conſidered.of this Marriage of a woman with her deceaſed. Siſter's Husband, judged And why. it ex rationis paritate, that is, by the like reaſon, prohibited by Sacred CG CC great him oft : Au- 1 Bpokl, 15 -- Dueen of ENGLAND. ; Yter 1558. 2 Authority,ag is the marriage of a man with his Brother's Widow, and therefore unlawful, notwithſtanding the Pope's Diſpenſation. And (be perceived that by contracting ſuch a Marriage by Diſpenſation, The could not but acknowledge herſelf to be born in unlawful Wed: lock, whom her Father King Henry had begotten after he had put a- way Queen Katharine of spain, for that ſhe was his Brother's Widow. Which:Wedlock, notwithſtanding, the Univerſities of Chriſtendome and a Synod at London bad approved to be moſt juſt by the Law of God, as that with Queen. Katharine to be unjuſt, and altogether un- diſpenſable. Her Suitor therefore King Philip ſhe puttech off by little aod ljţele, with a moſt modeſt anſwer, and honeſt and maidenly Iba'mefac'dneſs, but in very deed out of ſcruple of Conſcience. But when he inſtançly preſſed her by many Letters, and ſhe admired and rejayced to imitate the manners and behaviour of ſo great a King jayned with moſtmodeſtgravity and grace, moſt beſeeming his Royal Majeſty, ever and anon extolliog the ſame ; forth ſtepped certain Courtiers, which declaimed againſt the Spaniards as a People puf- fed up with Pride: and ſome of her inwardeſt Counſellours, fea- ring left her mind, being in doubt, might eaſily be perſwaded, whi- ſpered daily into her ears, being a Virgin of a moſt mild diſpoſition, « That She and her Friends were undone and England overthrown, if ſhe once acknowledged the Pope's Authority in diſpenſing,or in Sfâny other matter whatſoever; That twa Popes had pronounced cher Mother to have been unlawfully married to Henry the Eighth, ci apd thereupon, by their Sentence already pronounced, the Queen c of Scots did.lay claim to the Kingdome of England; That the Pope " would never revoke his Sentence, neither was any indifferent dealing to be expected from thoſe of Rome, who had been moſt « unjuſt both towards her Mother and her: moreover, That the C French King did now labour tooth and nail at Rome, that Mary "Queen of s.cets might be pronounced lawfull Queen of England. Queen Elizabeth being moſt averſe to this Marriage, and moſt de. She conſul- ſirous to promote the Proteſtant Religion; thought nothing more bringing in pleaſing to God, nothing', more effectual to put off her importunate the Prote- Suitour, then that Religion ſhould forthwith be altered. For Reli: ftant Reli- gion. gian being once changed, the doubted not but hismind in ſuing for Marriage would change alla. She commanded therefore the Conſul- tation to be haſtned amongſt her moſt ioward Counſellours,how the Proteſtant Religion might be re-eſtabliſhed, and the Popiſh abo- liſhed, all Perils being weigbed wbich might grow thereby, and by what means they might be put by. Theſe Perils they foreſaw would she weigh- be either inward, or outward. Qutward, either from the Biſhop of Rome; who would ſend forth his fulimination of Excommunication; Outward ; and expoſe the Kingdome as a Prey. to ſuch as would invade the fame; or from the French King,who,taking occaſion thereby, would delay the buſineſs of Peace begun at Cambray, or rather:move War againſt the Engliſh in the Queen of Scots behalf, as againſt not one- ly CS teth about 1 1 17 eth the Dan gers, + 16 The Hiſtoyy of ELIZABETH, Book 1 1 . * 1558. Hy Enemies, but Hereticks alſo,and would excite Scotland to doe the like, which was now at his devotion; or from the Iriſh, a people moſt addicted to the Romilh Religion, and moſt forward to Rebel- lion; or elſe from the Spaniard, a Prince molt potent in the Nether- lands hard by.They reſolved, “That for the Pope's Excommunication “it was not to be fear’d, but llighted as a ſenſleſs lightoing: ThatPeace,