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º, * MAR 31 1922
5
INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
FRED M. WILCOX, Chairman R. G. KNUTSON J. A. TARRELL
E. E. WITTE, Secretary
R. McA. KEOWN, Engineer A. H. FINDEIS EN, Mining Engineer
Effective January 7, 1922
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
3. Introduction --~~~~~~~~~~…….......…….......... 1
|
}I. Text of General Orders on Quarries, with Notes.............................. 5
TII. Appendix, Containing Suggestions and Recommendations.............. 14
, Miscellaneous Rules for Quarrymen.................................... ...-14
Use of Explosives.................................................................................. 15
IV. Extracts from the Statutes and Other General Orders.................... 17
Child Labor Law.............................. 17
General Orders on Safety 17
General Orders on Sanitation.............................................................. 24.



---
I. INTRODUCTION
Section 2394–48 makes it the duty of employers to furnish
employment which shall be safe for their employees, and a
place of employment which shall be safe both for employees
and frequenters. This section further makes it the duty of
employers “to adopt and use methods and processes reason-
ably adequate to render such place of employment safe,” and
to “do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the
life, health, safety and welfare of such employees and fre-
quenters.” The sections of the statute immediately following
make it the duty of the Industrial Commission to declare by
general orders what shall be regarded as a reasonably safe
place of employment and reasonably safe methods and proc-
esses of production.
In discharge of this duty, the Industrial Commission in De-
cember, 1920, organized an advisory committee to assist it in
drafting general orders relating to safety in quarries. This
advisory committee was constituted as follows, the organiza-
tions represented being also indicated :
F. C. Wolf. . . . . . . . . . Waukesha Lime and Stone CO . . . . . . . . . Waukesha,
C. S. Richter . . . . . . . . Montello Granite Company . . . . . . . . . . . . MOntell O
R. W. Scherer. . . . . . . Western Lime & Cement Company . . . . . Milwaukee
William Wiske . . . . . Wisconsin Granite Company . . . . . . . . . . . Fed Granite
William Stoeckman . General Refractories Company . . . . . . . . Ableman
John Stewart . . . . . . . Wisconsin State Federation of Labor. . Red Granite
A. H. Findeisen . . . . . Industrial Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Madison
After two meetings this advisory committee on July 14,
1921, recommended tentative orders to be submitted to public
hearings. Such public hearings were held during October
and November at Wausau, Fond du Lac, and Milwaukee, and
were attended by large numbers of quarrymen and other in-
terested parties. The suggestions which were offered at these
public hearings were then transmitted to the members of the
advisory committee, and practically all of them were incor-
porated in the final draft of these orders which were recom-
mended to the commission for adoption.
The orders as recommended by the advisory committee
were adopted by the Industrial Commission on November 30,
1921. They were published in the official state paper on De-

4 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
cember 6, 1921, and pursuant to law, became effective Janu-
ary 7, 1922.
These orders have the force and effect of law. Any inter-
ested party may petition the commission for a hearing on the
reasonableness of any of its orders, and if the petition be de-
nied, he may appeal to the Circuit Court for Dane County.
The orders of the commission, however, are prima facie reason-
able and lawful, and are in force until they are found other-
wise by the courts, or until they are repealed by the commis-
sion. Violation of any order is punishable by a forfeiture of
$10 to $100 for each day and each instance of violation. If an
accident results because of the violation of any lawful general
order of the Industrial Commission, the employer, under Para-
graph (h) of Section 2394–9 (5), moreover, must pay the in-
jured employee increased compensation, amounting to 15 per
cent of the regular compensation; and this increase can be paid
by the insurance company only in the event that the employer
is bankrupt. It should also be noted that liability for forfeit-
ures and for increased compensation does not depend upon
whether the employer's attention has been specifically directed
to the violations. It is the employer's duty to comply with all
general orders of the Industrial Commission, and not merely
with such orders as are especially brought to his attention.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 5
II. GENERAL ORDERS ON SAFETY IN
QUARRIES
Order 358—Construction of Orders. Failure on part of su-
perintendents, foremen, bosses and other persons having con-
trol of any place of employment, or of any employee and of
any operations, to carry out any duty prescribed in these Or-
ders, is violation of such order by the employer.”
Order 360—Definitions:
(a) Application. These orders shall apply to all quarries in
the state of Wisconsin.
(b) Singular and plural numbers. For the purpose of these
orders the singular number when used in reference to persons,
acts, objects, and things of whatsoever kind and description,
shall, whenever the context will permit, be taken and held to im-
port and irclude the plural number, and the plural number shall
similarly be taken and held to import and include the singular.
(c) Definition of Quarry. The term “quarry” when used in
these orders shall be held to mean a place from which stone, rock,
sand, gravel or any other material is removed from open face
workings, but shall not include the removal of material in con-
struction work.
Note: Section 2398-48 of the statutes makes it the duty of all en-
ployers to provide a safe place of employment. The Industrial Com-
mission cannot by Order relieve employers of this obligation. No mat-
ter how the orders of the Industrial Commission may read, the employer
is responsible if he does not provide safe employment. If any employee
is injured through a violation of any order of the commission, he can
recover a 15% increase in compensation from his employer, under the
provisions of section 2394-9.5 (h). This order, consequently, does not
impose any obligation upon the employer which is not placed upon him
by the statutes of the state, but makes it clear that this entire set of
orders is not intended and cannot nullify the express provisions of sec-
tion 2394-48.
The attention of superintendents and foremen and of other persons
having control of any employee or any Operation, however, is directed
to the fact that the term “employer” as used in Section 2394-48 is de-
fined to include “every person, firm, corporation, agent, manager, repre-
sentative, or other person having control or custody of any employment,
place of employment, or of any employee.” The duty to provide a safe
place of employment rests not only upon the employer, but also upon the
Superintendent and foreman. Failure on the part of a superintendent
or foreman to comply with any order contained in this code is a viola-
tion of law and renders him personally liable to a forfeiture of ten to
One hundred dollars for each day and each instance of violation. This
forfeiture can be collected at any time within two years after it is in-
curred through a civil suit brought by the attorney general. In such
a suit the Only possible defense is proof of compliance with the com-
mission's Order.
Superintendents, foremen and others who are specifically charged
With any duty by any Order contained in these general orders on quar-
ries will be held responsible by the Industrial Commission for the dis-
charge of Such duties. Employers, however, should also realize that
they may become liable for increased compensation, if they do not see
to it that the Superintendents and foremen observe these orders.
6 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
(d) Superintendent. The term “superintendent” when used
in these orders shall mean the person having the general Super-
vision of the quarry,
(e) Quarry Foreman. The term “quarry foreman” when
used in these orders shall mean a person who at any one time is
charged with the immediate direction of the quarry work.
(f) Eaccavations or Workings. The words “excavations”
and “workings” when used in these orders shall signify all work-
ing places of a quarry, whether abandoned or in use.
(g) Explosive. The term “explosive” or “explosives” as
used in these orders shall mean all explosive compounds com-
monly used in blasting practice, including the dynamites, Gelatin
Dynamites, Ammonium-nitrate Dynamite, blasting powders, black
powders, fuse, and all detonators. *
(h) Magazine. The term “magazine” as used in these or-
ders, shall be held to mean and include any building or other
structure or place in which explosives are stored or kept, whether
above or below ground.
(i) Primer. The term “primer” when used in these orders
shall be held to mean a capped fuse or electric exploder inserted
in a stick of powder.
(j) Person. The term “person” when used in these orders
shall be held to mean and include a firm or body corporate as well
as natural persons.
(k) Approved. The term “approved” shall be held to mean
approved by the Industrial Commission.
Order 361—General Safety Precautions. (a) The operator
and superintendent of every quarry shall use every reasonable
precaution to insure the safety of the workmen in the quarry
in all cases, whether provided for in these orders or not.
(b) All defects in or damage or injury to machinery or tim-
bering or to apparatus and equipment generally in and about
a quarry, all unsafe or dangerous conditions in any part of the
quarry, and all accidents occurring in the course of quarrying
operations, even though not resulting in personal injury, shall
be promptly reported to the quarry foreman or superintendent
by the person observing the same.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 7
(c) Each workman employed in the quarry, when first en-
gaged, shall have his attention directed to the general and spe-
cial rules provided for in these orders, and if not able to read
the English language, to have them explained to him.
(d) No person shall without authority of his foreman or
superintendent handle electric wires or conductors, or elec-
trical apparatus of any kind.
Order 362—Care of the Injured. (a) It shall be the duty
of the operators, superintendents, or anyone in charge of any
quarry, to keep at such place about the quarry as may be desig-
nated by the Industrial Commission, a stretcher, a woolen
blanket, in good condition for use in carrying any person who
may be injured at the quarry. At all quarries an adequate
supply of materials shall be kept readily accessible for the
treatment of anyone injured and shall include the following in
suitable quantity: First-aid outfits consisting of one extra
long gauze bandage with compress sewed in its center, one
triangular bandage with methods of application printed there-
on, two safety pins, and one card of instructions; large first-aid
dressings for wounds; package of sterilized gauze ; assorted
bandages; United States Army tourniquet; carbolated vaseline
or boric acid ointment; tincture iodine 9% U. S. P.; packages
of absorbent cotton; safety pins; shears, tweezers, aromatic
spirits of ammonia; paper cups; first-aid book of instructions:
soap ; basins; towels.
(b) It shall be the duty of the foreman or superintendent to
have at least two men employed at the quarry receive instruc-
tions from a competent person in the proper handling and
treatment of injured persons before the arrival of a physician.
These instructions should be received from time to time, not
less than once in every six months.
Order 363—Tunnels in quarries. All tunnel work in connec-
tion with quarry operations shall be governed by the pro-
visions of the General Orders on Safety in Mines issued by the
Industrial Commission of Wisconsin.
Order 364—Superintendents. (a) The operator of every
Quarry shall appoint a man who shall be personally in charge
of the quarry and the performance of the work done therein,
8 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
who shall be designated as the “superintendent,” provided,
however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the
owner or operator of any quarry from personally filling the
office of superintendent.
(b) The superintendent of every quarry shall inspect or
cause some competent person or persons appointed by him to
inspect all quarrying appliances, boilers, engines, magazines.
explosives, signalling devices, tracks, ladders, dry closets, and
all parts and appliances of said quarry in actual use, and any
such person or persons appointed by the said superintendent
shall at once report any defects therein to the superintendent.
It shall be the duty of the superintendent, upon ascertaining
such defects to take immediate steps to remedy the same so as
to make the same comply with the provisions of these orders,
and he shall forthwith notify the operator of said quarry of
the existence of such defects. It shall be the duty of the
superintendent to appoint a competent man to have full charge,
under the direction of said superintendent of every magazine
containing explosives situated on said quarrying property,
and to make such other appointments and perform such other -
duties as are provided by these orders to be performed by
such superintendent.
Order 365—Inspection at the Face of the Quarry. (a) The
superintendent of the quarry or a competent person detailed
for this purpose shall make frequent inspections of the face
of the quarry and of the overburden where men are employed
and shall dislodge any slabs of rock or boulders in said face
that may be dangerous to employes.
(b) Where necessary watchmen shall be employed at each
face to warn the men in the quarry when loose rocks are about
to fall.
(c) Sand and gravel pits shall be given a slope that will
eliminate the danger of cave-ins based upon the experience
of such pit.
Order 366—Bulletin Boards. Safety bulletin boards shall
be provided by operators at all quarries. Miscellaneous rules
for quarrymen, safety bulletins, pictures, slogans, or circulars
shall be posted on such bulletin boards.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 9
Order 367—Elevated Spur Tracks. Elevated spur tracks
shall be kept in good condition and a bumper placed on or
other means provided to prevent cars rolling over the embank-
ment. A proper runway for car men shall be provided.
Order 370—Cables, Standards. The maximum safe work-
ing load for all hoisting cables used in quarries must be not
more than one-fifth of the breaking load as given in the sched-
ules of the cable manufacturers. Cables are considered un-
safe and must be condemned when through broken wires, wear,
rust, undue strain, or other conditions indicating deteriora-
tion, the strength of the cable has deteriorated 20 per cent.
Order 380—Hoisting Apparatus and Derricks. (a) Wire
rope slings, grabhooks or chains shall be used to attach the
blocks of stone to the hoisting apparatus.
(b) All ropes, chains, cables, slings, sheaves, gears and other
parts of derricks and hoisting apparatus in use shall be care-
fully examined daily. Any parts that are found to be de-
fective shall be renewed immediately.
(c) The wire rope guys supporting the mast of a derrick
and their fastenings shall be inspected semi-monthly while in
use and shall be kept in good condition.
(d) An approved signal system shall be maintained when
the hoists or derricks are so located that the operator cannot
readily see or hear the signals given by men near the end of
the hoists or derricks. -
Order 381—Hoisting Men. No person shall be hoisted out
of or lowered into a quarry. Employes shall not be permitted
to ride on conveyor or elevator belts.
Order 385—Explosives. (a) The daily supply of explo-
sives in a quarry shall be kept in a stout, tight box with hinged
lids and not more than one hundred pounds of explosives shall
at any time be kept or stored therein, and except when neces-
sarily opened for use by authorized persons, shall at all times
be kept securely locked. Upon each such magazine there
shall at all times be kept conspicuously posted a sign with the
words “EXPLOSIVES” “DANGEROUS” legibly printed
thereon.
10 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
(b) All explosives except detonators in excess of the daily
supply authorized to be taken into or stored in the quarry
shall be kept or stored in an approved magazine. All maga-
zines shall, unless otherwise authorized by the commission,
be located and constructed as follows: It shall be placed not
less than 300 feet distant from any other structure or public
highway. It shall be constructed of bullet-proof and fire re-
sistant material and shall have no opening except for ventila-
tion and entrance. Doors of such magazine must be fire re-
sistant and bullet-proof and at all times kept closed and se-
curely locked, except when it has to be entered by the person
or persons in charge thereof.
Upon each side of such magazine there shall at all times be
kept conspicuously posted a sign with the words “EXPLO-
SIVES DANGEROUS” legibly printed.
Magazines shall be ventilated, and the openings for ventila-
tion shall be so screened that sparks of fire may not enter
therein.
Magazines shall at all times be kept clean and dry.
Magazines shall be in charge of a person especially appointed
for the purpose who shall have in his possession the keys of
the magazine, and shall be responsible for the safe storage of
explosives contained therein.
(c) All electric wires in any magazine or thaw house shall
be protected by fuses and inclosed in a grounded conduit and
shall not be brought within 5 feet of the explosives stored
therein. The light shall be protected with guards.
(d) No naked light shall be introduced into a magazine
where powder, explosives or inflammable substance are stored.
Smoking shall not be permitted in a powder magazine, at a
powder distributing station, or while handling powder.
(e) When supplies of explosives or fuse are removed from
a magazine, those that have been longest in the magazine shall
be taken first.
(f) Containers of explosives shall be removed to a safe dis-
tance from the magazine before being opened, and no such
containers shall be opened with an iron or steel instrument.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 11
Order 386—Storage of Detonators, Crimpers, Capping of
Fuses. (a) No detonators shall be taken into any magazine
containing other explosives.
No detonator shall be transported with other explosives ex-
cept when being carried to the face for immediate use.
(b) All primers shall be exploded within thirty-six hours
after making.
(c) Detonators shall not be removed from original contain-
ers except as they are used for capping fuses.
(d) No fuses shall be capped with detonators in any maga-
zine or in any other place where detonators or other explosives
are stored, but special benches shall be provided at a safe dis-
tance from such storage place, where all fuses shall be capped.
(e) Only a crimper shall be used for attaching fuse to blast-
ing caps. The quarry operator shall furnish and keep in ac-
cessible places, ready for use, crimpers in good repair. Broad
jaw crimpers shall be used. is
Order 387—Tamping Bars and Powder Punches. All tamp-
ing bars and powder punches shall be of wood, or non-spark-
ing metal.
Order 388—Thawing Dynamite. (a) Every quarry thaw-
ing dynamite or other high explosives containing nitro-glyc-
erine shall be provided with a separate place for that purpose
and explosives shall not be thawed in any other place or in any
other manner than as provided for in this order.
(b) Dynamite or other explosives containing nitro-glycerine
shall not be thawed by any means other than indirect steam
heat or a hot water device or by manure, or by electric cur-
rent. If steam or water be the agent employed, the stove,
boiler or other primary source of heat shall not be nearer to
the thawing room than ten feet. If electric current be the
thawing agent, the current shall not be brought within five
feet of the explosives to be thawed; and in no case shall these
explosives while being thawed be exposed to a temperature
higher than ninety degrees F. The place for thawing shall be
so arranged that the boxes or loose powder shall not come in
direct contact with the hot water pipes or other source of heat.
12 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
(c) Dynamite or other explosives shall not be thawed by
placing near a fire or near a steam boiler. Dynamite or other
explosives containing nitro-glycerine shall not be thawed by
direct contact with steam. g
Order 389—Blasting. (a) Bosses and shot firers about to
fire shots, shall cause warnings to be given in every direction,
and all entrances to the place or places where charges are to
be fired shall be guarded so far as possible.
(b) When firing by electricity from power or lighting wires
in any quarry, a proper switch shall be furnished with lever
down when “off.” The switch shall be fixed in a locked box
or room to which no person shall have access except the
blaster. The lead wires shall be furnished with plugs and
shall not be connected with the switch till ready to fire. After
blasting, the switch lever shall be pulled out, the wires discon-
nected, and the box or room locked before any person shall be
allowed to return, and shall remain so locked until again ready
to blast.
(c) Special precautions shall be taken against shot firing
cables or wires coming into contact with lighting, power or
other circuits or with any metal pipe lines. All portable de-
vices for generating or supplying electricity for shot firing
shall be in charge of a boss or shot firer. No person other
than a boss or shot firer shall connect the firing machine or
battery to the shot firing leader and such connection shall not
be made until all other steps preparatory to the firing of a
shot shall have been completed and the men removed to a
safe distance.
(d) Suitable and convenient shelters shall be provided.
Note: Wooden sheds or buildings shall not be deemed sufficient shel-
ter from blasts.
Order 391—Overburden. All places in quarry excava-
tions where men are or may be regularly employed, the strip-
ping walls of soil or overburden shall not be made continuous
with the quarry walls and shall be protected either by
(1) If the stripped surface is narrow, or if it slants toward
the excavation in such a manner that there is a possibility of
material falling over the edge a protecting fence or barrier
shall be maintained along the edge of the pit, or
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 13
(2) Employees shall not be permitted to work where falls
of overburden may cause injury.
Order 392—Hoisted Material. Hoisted material, or any
loose material about the quarry shall be deposited not less than
ten feet from the edge of the excavation and secured in such
a manner that there is no possibility of the material falling
back into the pit where the men are employed.
Order 393—Trimming Loose Scale. Persons engaged in
trimming down loose scale and loose rock from high and
steeply inclined ledges shall be provided with safety ropes.
One end of the rope must be attached to the body continually
and the opposite end firmly secured at the top of the bank.
Order 394–Quarry Stairs and Ladders. (a) Safe and easy
access to quarry excavations shall be provided for deep quar-
ries, stairs with numerous landings and secure handrails shall
be provided.
(b) All landings and flights shall be securely braced be-
neath.
(c) Unsecured ladders shall not be used except for short
flights as from one quarry bench to another. Ladder steps
shall be notched in rather than merely spiked to the side sup-
ports and shall at all times be kept in good repair.
(d) After safe and adequate means of descent and ascent
in quarry excavations have been provided for, strict rules shall
be made prohibiting workmen from using any other means
than those provided.
(e) Excavations shall be provided with railings at points
where men are regularly employed, or where passageways,
tracks, roadways or buildings adjoin such excavations.
Note: Exceptions may be made at points where stripping is being
carried on and at points where material and rocks are landed after being
hoisted from the pit.
Order 395—Hoists. Exposed cables, where they pass
through sheaves shall be guarded.
Order 396—Quarry Cars and Haulage. All haulage equip-
ment shall be frequently inspected and all defects properly
repaired.
“Rocker” or “Cradle” dump boulder cars shall be equipped
with an approved locking device.
14 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
III. APPENDIX
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that each workman employed in the
quarry shall have his attention directed by the quarry superin-
tendent or one of his assistants to the provisions of the mis-
cellaneous rules, which apply to quarry employes. A notice
shall also be posted in a conspicuous place to the effect that
quarry employes must read these rules and be governed by
them.
MISCELLANEOUS RULES FOR QUARRYMEN
1. Reporting Injuries. In case of accident, no matter how slight,
even a slight cut or break of the skin, report to your foreman at once
and have it taken care of in a clean way.
2. Loose Rocks overhead. When working in the quarry always
look out for loose rock above, which may fall and injure you. A
Small rock the size of your fist, if it falls thirty feet, may kill you.
3. Rocks Fall From Piles. Be careful when working around piles
of Stone. There is always danger that a rock may become loosened
and fall and Strike you.
4. Stepping on Stones. Before stepping on a stone always look to
see that it is solid. A rocking stone may cause you to lose your foot-
ing and fall and break your leg.
5. Hoisting Stone. In hoisting stone or grout boxes with the der-
rick, there is only one Safe rule for the men in the quarry to follow :
Don’t stand under. The moment the Stone or box starts to rise, get
away to a safe distance. If cable is twisted, by all means use the
hook Or lower to ground to right same.
6. Swinging Derrick. When working near the derrick always look
out for the Swinging boom. You are liable to be struck and injured by
the Stone or chain.
7. Talking to Hoistman or Signal Men. It is always dangerous to
talk to the hoistmen or signal man. Remember that if you attract
their attention from their work for only a minute it may cause them
to make a serious mistake and the lives of the men in the quarry may
be in danger.
8. Dragging Stone. In dragging stone, do not stand in front. The
cable or hook may break and strike you.
9. Wedging Stone. In wedging stone, apart, always insert a stone
or wedge in the break before you insert your hands. When driving
wedges, stand in line with your break; many have been SeVerely
crushed by the Stone falling SideWays.
10. Protect Your Eyes. Paving cutters and others who work where
chips and small particles fly in the air, are required to Wear goggles
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 15
to protect their eyes. Remember you have only two eyes and one or
both may be blinded by a small chip.
11. Walking on Tracks. Be careful when walking on the car tracks.
You are always in danger of being struck by the cars.
12. Mushroom Heads. Mushroom heads on chisels, points and trac-
ers are always dangerous for the reason that when struck by the
hammer a small part may be broken off and fly in the eye. Many men
flave lost an eye because they did not properly trim the heads of
these tools.
13. Danger at Bottom of Incline. When the car is going up the in-
cline of the crusher, don’t follow it or stand on the track at the foot
of the incline. There is always danger that the cable may break or
Some other part give way, and you may be struck by the car and be
killed. *
14. Sledges Caught in Awning. Paving cutters should be careful
to construct the supports or framework for their tents high enough so
that in working, the sledge hammer will not catch in the canvas and
Cause an accident to yourself and others.
15. Report Dangerous Conditions. Every man in this quarry must
report to his foreman any condition or dangerous practice which he
thinks may cause an accident. The only way to have a safe quarry
is for every man to do his part.
16. Compressed Air is Dangerous. Compressed air must not be
used for cleaning clothes or for horse-play. Pointing air hose at per-
sons has resulted in serious injuries, and is strictly forbidden.
USE OF ExPLOSIVES
The handling of explosives is dangerous business. Every man
must observe the following rules:
17. Forcing Primer. Do not force a primer into a bore hole.
18. Smoking Forbidden. Smoking while handling explosives is
strictly forbidden.
19. Use Wooden Tamping Sticks. All tamping bars and powder
punches shall be of wood or non-Sparking metal.
20. Care of Explosives. Fuse, caps, and powder must not be left
lying about the quarry. All caps or primers or sticks or pieces of
dynamite found lying about the quarry must be immediately put in a
safe place.
21. Caps Kept Separate from Dynamite. Blasting caps must not
be kept in the same box with, or close to dynamite.
22. Don't Carry Caps in Pocket. Don’t carry blasting caps in your
pocket, and don’t tap or Otherwise investigate same.
23. Removing Blasting Caps from Box. Don't attempt to remove
blasting caps from boxes by inserting nails or any sharp instrument.
24. Use Crimper for Capping Fuses. Only a crimper shall be used
for attaching fuse to blasting caps. Do not use your teeth or knife.
25. When Dynamite Fails to Explode. When a blast has been fired
and it is not certain that all charges have exploded, no person shall
16 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
enter the place where such charges were placed within 30 minutes
after the explosion.
26. Opening Powder Cans. You must not open a metal keg of
powder with a pick or metal object. Use the opening provided by the
manufacturer of the keg.
27. Missed Holes. No person shall be permitted to extract, or
attempt to extract, explosives from a “missed hole,” but shall when
possible, put in a new primer and blast again. When not possible to
do this, wait for orders from the foreman.
28. Spitting Fuses. No man shall “spit” more than ten fuses at
one time, and should it be necessary to blast a greater number of holes
than ten, he must have assistance.
29. Warning for Blast. When ready to fire shots, warnings must
be given in every direction, and all entrances to the place or places
where charges are to be fired shall be guarded so far as possible.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 17
IV. EXTRACTS FROM THE STATUTES AND
GENERAL ORDERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL
COMMISSION OF IMPORTANCE TO
QUARRYMEN.
ExTRACTS FROM CHILD LABOR LAw
Section 1728a. *** 3. *** the employments and places of em-
ployment designated in the following schedule shall be deemed
to be dangerous to the life, health, safety and welfare of minors
*** under the ages specified:
>k >k >k
(b) Minors under eighteen years of age
>k >k >k
(9) Mine or quarry; in or about.
Section 1728e. 1. (a) Any employer who shall employ, or
permit any minor *** in any employment in violation of any
of the provisions of Section 1728a “** of the Statutes ***
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
thereof shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than
one hundred dollars for each offense, or imprisoned in the
county jail not more than thirty days. Every day during
which such violation continues shall constitute a separate and
distinct offense.
(b) The penalties specified in paragraph (a) of this section
may be recovered by the state against the employer in an
action for debt brought before any court of competent juris-
diction.
Note: The employer is charged with the duty of ascertaining, at his
peril, the age of minors and of employing persons of lawful age only.
False statements of the minor or his parents, as to the age of the minor,
are not a defense for the employer. Peter Stetº vs. F. Maver Boot & Shoe
Co., 163 Wis. 151. For their own protection employers should require all
minors to furnish documentary proof of age, such as a certified copy of
the birth or baptismal record.
ExTRACTS FROM THE GENERAL ORDERs on SAFETY
Order 1–Belts—Guards. All belts, ropes or chain driving
machinery or shafting, and all secondary belts, ropes or
chains; in short, all belts, ropes or chains, exposed to contact,
except belts which are so small or those which move so slowly
that there is no possibility of danger, must be guarded.
18 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
In all cases the point where the belt, rope or chain runs on
to the pulley, sheave or sprocket, must be guarded.
All horizontal belts, ropes or chains driving machinery or
shafting, seven feet or less from the floor, where exposed to
contact, must be guarded.
Note (a): The terms “belts” or “secondary belts” mean belts which
transmit power and do not apply to sanding or polishing belts, or belts
used for abrasive purposes; such belts must be guarded where possible.
Note (b) : In guarding overhead belts or rope drives, unless so guarded
that persons cannot pass under them, the width of the guard should not
be less than the width of the belt or rope drive and the length should not
be less than the distance between the outer faces of the two pulleys. It
should cover the outer faces of the two pulleys or sheaves and extend
upward to such a point, and be attached in such a way that in case the
belt breaks it will withstand the whipping force of the belt.
Note (c) : In rooms, or parts of rooms, used exclusively for transmis-
Sion machinery, such as the ground floor of sawmills and the basements
of paper mills or flour mills, it has been found practical to define certain
passageways for the use of oilers and millwrights and to guard the
pulleys, belts and shafts along these passageways.
Order 2—Pulleys—Guards. All pulleys over 18 inches in
diameter, which are exposed to contact, must be guarded.
Order 3—Loose Pulleys. All machines, not individually
motor driven, must be equipped with a loose pulley or a clutch
or Some other adequate means of stopping the machine quickly.
Order 4–Belt-Shifters. All loose pulleys must be furnished
with a permanent belt shifter, so located as to be within easy
reach of the operator. The belt-shifter must be so constructed
as to make it impossible for the belt to creep from the loose
pulley back on the tight pulley.
All belt-shifters must be equipped with a lock or some other
efficient device which will prevent the shifter from being
accidentally shifted.
Order 5—Pulleys Near Shaft Hanger. Pulleys must be so
placed as to allow the width of the belt between two pulleys,
or between the pulley and the shaft hanger, or a hook must be
provided, or a guard placed adjacent to the pulley to prevent
the belt from leaving the pulley.
Order 6—Clutches. All clutches must be guarded.
Note: Practically all clutches have protruding parts or shafts which
make them as dangerous as set screws on shafts.
Order 8—Emery Wheels, Hoods and Guards. Emery
wheels used for grinding purposes must be equipped with a
hood connected with an exhaust fan or water system. A
guard must be provided, as a part of the hood construction or
* GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 19
in addition to the hood, which shall be strong enough to with-
stand the shock of a bursting wheel. This guard must be
adjusted close to the wheel and extend over the top of the
wheel to a point 30 degrees beyond a vertical line drawn
through the center of the wheel. The exhaust or water system
is not required on emery wheels which are in general use by
all employes in common, to touch up tools or castings, or
emery wheels used for sharpening saws.
- Order 9–Fly Wheels. All sections of flywheels, with
spokes, which are 6 feet or less from the floor and which are
exposed to contact must be guarded. Flywheels which run
in pits must be provided with toe boards around the pit.
Exception: Where an engine is isolated in a room used exclusively
as an engine room the flywheel of such engine may be guarded with a
railing. This railing must be not less than 30 in ches in height and must
be constructed with two rails, the bottom rail of which must be not less
than 18 inches from the floor.
Order 10–Friction Drives. The contact faces of all friction
drives, when exposed to contact, must be enclosed.
All arm or spoke friction drives and all web friction drives
with holes in the web, when such friction drives are over 18
inches in diameter, and exposed to contact, must be entirely
enclosed. All friction drives with projecting bolts where ex-
posed to contact, must be guarded.
Order 11—Gears. All gears, where exposed to contact,
must be entirely enclosed or equipped with a flange guard
which must enclose the teeth of the gears. All arm or spoke
gears and all web gears with holes in the web, which are over
18 inches in diameter, where exposed to contact, must be
entirely enclosed.
Order 12—Keys and Keyseats. All projecting keys in
shafting, where exposed to contact, must be cut off or guarded,
and all keyseats in end of shafts, where exposed to contact,
must be filled or guarded.
Exception : Keyseats on machines where it is impossible to guard or
fill the keyseats without interfering with the operation of the machine,
and where such keyseats are in shafts which are so Small or run SO
slowly that there is no danger.
Order 13—Ladder with Steel Points. All portable ladders
must be equipped with steel points or steel feet on the bottom
or other effective means of preventing slipping.
Note: Where steel points or steel feet are used they should be kept
sharp especially when used on concrete floors.
20 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
Order 14—Passageways—Keep Clear. All passageways
and gangways must be kept smooth and in good repair and
free from nails or obstructions over which persons may
stumble and fall.
Order 15–Platforms with Stairways or Stationary Lad-
ders. All permanent elevated platforms in frequent use must
be equipped with a permanent stairway or stationary ladder.
Ladders other than stepladders, used to gain access to ele-
vated platforms not frequently used, must be provided with
safety hooks at the top.
Order 16—Runways and Platforms, Rails and Toe Boards.
All elevated walks, runways or platforms, except on loading
or unloading side of platforms, must be provided with a guard
rail. A toe board must be provided to prevent parts from
falling off.
Order 17—Set Screws. All set screws on moving parts,
where exposed to contact, must be countersunk or protected
by a solid collar, or a headless set screw must be used. No
part of the set screws must project above the surface.
Order No. 18, Covering Shafting, has been amended to read:
“All transmission shafting located in places of employment,
where exposed to contact, must be guarded.”
Note: The necessity for this amendment is proved by the fact that
several accidents have occurred recently on shafting located higher than
6% feet from the floor near a platform or runway where oilers and mill-
wrights were required to go. The original order required only that
shafting less than 6% feet from the floor should be guarded.
Order 19–Sprockets. All sprockets exposed to contact
must be guarded.
Order 20–Stairways—Handrails. All stairways must be
equipped with handrails, and the rails must be kept smooth
and free from nails and splinters. Where the stairway is
not built next to a wall or partition, rails must be provided
for both sides.
Order 21—Engine Crank Shaft. The crank shaft and crank
disc on all engines, where exposed to contact, must be guarded.
Order 22—Stairs or Platforms Located on Engines. All
stair steps and platforms located on engines or large machines
for the use of operators and oilers must have a rough or non-
slip surface to prevent slipping.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 21
Order 24—Automatic Oilers. All parts of engines and other
machines which need frequent oiling when the machine is in
motion, and when the oil cup is so located as to make it
dangerous to reach while the machine is in motion, must be
equipped with automatic oilers, or some other means must be,
provided to guard the oiler.
Order 25—Projecting Parts on Shafts. All projecting parts
on revolving shafts such as collars, clamps, split links, coup-
lings, etc., where such parts are dangerous and are exposed
to contact, must be guarded.
Order 26—Means to Disconnect Power. In each room of
a place of employment, where machinery is used, means must
be provided by which the power can be disconnected from
the machines and line shafts.
Order 32—Locks for Tripping Device. All presses, drop
hammers, and other machines which are set in motion with a
tripping device, must be so equipped that when not in use or
when being adjusted or repaired the trip can be locked or
blocked so that it cannot be accidentally tripped.
Exception: Where machines are driven with individual motors and
where the switch to such motor is so located that it can be conveniently
reached by the operator while Operating the machine.
Order 33—Revolving Stock. All revolving stock which pro-
jects from the end of machines, such as tool and turret lathes,
and automatic machines, must be guarded.
Order 34—Fans. All fans, when exposed to contact, must
be guarded.
Order 35—Revolving Drums and Cylinders. All revolving
barrels, drums or cylinders, such as rattlers, cleaners, churns,
etc., where dangerous and where exposed to contact, must be
guarded.
Order 36—Counterweights. All counterweights, where ex-
posed to contact, must be guarded.
Order 37—Overhead Trolleys. All overhead trolleys such
as are used in shops, must be so constructed, or so guarded,
as to make it impossible for the carriage to jump the track
or run off the track at the end or at the switch.
22 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
Order 38—Valves, Access to. Where valves in daily use
which cannot be operated from the floor are located higher
than ten feet above the floor, a platform with stairs or station-
ary ladder must be provided.
Order 40—Crane Truck Wheels. The truck wheels of all
Overhead traveling cranes must be guarded.
Order 41—Cranes—Runways. All overhead electric travel-
ing cranes must be equipped with a runway on one side which
must extend the full length of the crane bridge. Such runways
must be equipped with a substantial railing and toe boards.
The cracks between the boards of the floor of such runway or
platform must not be wider than 1/4 inch.
Order 42—Cranes—Switch in Cab. In the cab of every
overhead electrical traveling crane a switch must be provided
which will enable the operator to cut off the current from the
CT3.1162.
Order 43—Cranes—Stairway. All overhead electrical trav-
eling cranes must be provided with a stairway or permanent
ladder which will give safe access to the crane cab. If stair-
way is used it must be equipped with a substantial railing.
If ladder is used it must extend not less than 4 feet above the
floor of the crane cab.
Order 44–Crane Cabs Enclosed. The crane cabs of all
Overhead electrical traveling cranes must have a solid floor and
must be enclosed on sides either with a solid enclosure or a
railing to a height of not less than 36 inches. If a railing is
used toe boards must be provided.
Order 46—Eye Protection. Where men are doing work
whereby any substance is thrown off which may injure the
eyes, suitable goggles or spectacles or other efficient guard
must be provided by the employer.
Note: The compensation law provides for a penalty of 15 per cent
where injury results from the employee’s willful failure to use safety
devices provided by the employer or to obey any reasonable rule adopted
by the employer for the safety of the employees.
Where properly fitted goggles are furnished by the employer and
where the employee refuses to use the goggles and is injured, the em-
ployee will be penalized 15 per cent in awarding compensation. By the
term “properly fitted” is meant goggles which fit comfortably over the
nose and around the eyes and the lenses are properly spaced for the eyes,
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 23
Order 52—Rolls, Wheels and Brushes. All rolls, wheels
and brushes when exposed to contact and when they revolve
in such a way with regard to other revolving or stationary
parts that a person may be accidentally caught and drawn in,
must be guarded.
Order 53—Excavations. All excavations, when so located
that persons may accidentally fall into them must be guarded,
and at night must be equipped with a red light. All excava-
tions which are located in sandy or wet soil, or any soil which
is liable to cave in must be securely shored up.
Order 55—Pits, Openings in Floor, etc. All pits, manholes,
and openings in floors, platforms and sidewalks, must be
guarded. If trap doors are used the door and hinges must be
flush with the floor and the door must have a rough or non-
slip surface.
Order 57—Doorways Near Railroad Tracks. When a door-
way or corner of a building is located near a railroad or
trolley track so that a person is liable to suddenly and unex-
pectedly walk out onto the track in front of approaching
engine or cars an efficient guard must be installed with a
warning sign.
Note: One type of efficient guard in use in many plants consists of a
strong bar located at the door or corner and extending across the tracks.
When cars are being switched the switchman must go ahead and swing
the bar back so that it extends across the door or pathway as a guard.
A warning sign and a red light are attached to the bar.
Where practicable, the uprights which support the guard should be
placed not less than six feet from the tracks in order to provide safe
clearance.
Order 58—Walks and Platforms for Overhead Work.
Where ladders are not used when oiling overhead shafting
and machinery, or doing other overhead work, a runway or
platform equipped with toe boards and handrails must be
provided. The cracks between the boards of the floor of
such runway or platform must not be wider than one-fourth
inch. Such runway or platform must be so placed as to
make it convenient and safe for the workman to do his work.
A permanent ladder, or stairway equipped with handrails must
be provided to reach such runway or platform.
Order 59—Trestles and Walks. All trestles on which cars
run, which are also used as walkways for men must be
24 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
equipped with a walkway on the Outer edge, so located as
to give safe clearance to cars. Such walkways must be
equipped with toe boards and handrails. Where a trestle
crosses a driveway or passageway the trestle over such points
must be solidly boarded over.
nº lºcals;
such trestles the cars must be automatically dumped where practicable,
Order 203—Circular Saws. All circular saws must be
guarded and all such saws used for ripping, other than self
feed saws, must be equipped with a splitter. All other saws,
where possible, must be equipped with a splitter.
Exception 1 On saws while Specific work is being done where it is
impossible to do the work when the saw is guarded.
EXTRACTS FROM THE GENERAL ORDERS ON SANITATION
Order 2000—Definitions:
“Pure, Fresh and Clean Air” shall mean air that is both stim-
ulating and refreshing to breathe. It shall not contain noxious
gases, dust, fumes, vapor, or other materials in such quantities
as to be injurious to the health. It does not necessarily mean
outside atmosphere, but shall mean air that contains reason-
able quantities or the vital constituents of the atmosphere.
“Ventilating System” shall mean any building construction,
machinery or equipment so arranged that “pure, fresh and
clean air” is provided for breathing purposes.
“Earhaust System” shall mean any building construction, ma-
chinery or equipment so arranged that noxious gases, dusts,
fumes, vapor or other materials injurious to the health are
removed from, or prevented from contaminating the air any
employe must breathe.
*se
Order 2010. Purity of Air. The air, which any employe
must breathe, shall be pure, fresh and clean.
Order 2020. Ventilating Systems. Ventilating systems
shall be provided for all places of employment where smoke,
gas, dust, fumes, vapor, foul air, vitiated air, or industrial
poisons are used, stored, handled, or are present in the air in
sufficient quantities to obstruct the vision, or to be irritating
or to be injurious to health, and when there is available less
than 1,000 cubic feet of air space per person. Ventilating
systems must replace the air twice each hour and supply an
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 25
additional amount of air to make up for losses or contamina-
tion of air or oxygen due to the nature of the work being
carried on. All ventilating systems shall furnish as a minimum
requirement 1,800 cubic feet of pure, fresh and clean air per
person each hour.
Order 2021. Exhaust Systems. When required. Exhaust
systems shall be provided for all machines, vats, tanks, fur-
naces, forges, salamanders, and all equipment and processes
which create and throw off dust sufficiently light to float in
the air or which omit fumes, gas or smoke in such quantities
as to be irritating, or injurious to the health, unless the general
ventilating system keeps the air which any employe must
breathe, pure, fresh and clean.
Order 2200. Toilet Rooms Required. Every place of em-
ployment, whether heretofore or hereafter constructed, shall
have adequate toilet rooms, completely enclosed, and so ar-
ranged as to insure privacy; except that in foundries, rolling
mills, blast furnaces, tanneries, and such other similar build-
ings as are specified by the Industrial Commission, partitions
enclosing toilets shall be at least seven feet high, but need not
be carried to the ceiling nor enclosed at the top, provided such
ceiling is at least 15 feet high, and provided such toilets are
located in rooms where females are not allowed to enter.
Note: The above exception will be permitted even though the ceiling
is lower than 15 feet, if local ventilation through the closet bowl is pro-
Vided in a manner approved by the Industrial Commission or the State
Board of Health. Toilet rooms should, if possible, be placed on each
Occupied floor, especially in factories. Much time may thus be saved.
Order 2203. Number of Closets and Urinals. In every place
of employment, whether heretofore or hereafter constructed,
one water-closet shall be provided for every 20 persons, or
fraction thereof, of either sex. - -
In addition thereto, where more than 10 males are em-
ployed, one urinal shall be provided for every 40 males, or
fraction. Where not more than 10 males are employed, either
a urinal shall be provided or the water-closet shall have a pro-
jecting lip and self-rising seat. Where trough urinals are
used, each two feet of trough shall constitute one urinal.
Order 2204. Cleanliness. Every toilet room and every
part thereof, including walls, floors and ceiling, and all fixtures
therein, must be kept clean, efficient and in good repair. In
26 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN
each toilet room sufficient toilet paper must be provided, and
it must be made of material which will not obstruct the fixtures
in such toilet rooms. -
Order 2206. Existing Toilet Rooms—Walls. In toilet
rooms at present installed, the walls must not be covered with
paper. If the walls and ceiling are constructed of wood, they
must be covered with a non-absorbent paint.
Order 2207. Existing Toilet Rooms—Ventilation. Every
toilet room heretofore installed, which is not adequately ven-
tilated by outside windows or skylight, shall be provided with
a vent flue of size specified in order 5254, in which a fan shall
be placed, if necessary, for proper ventilation.
Every toilet room which cannot be kept sanitary shall be
moved so as to be open to outside light and air.
Order 2210—Partitions Between Fixtures.—Adjoining
water-closets or seats of range closets must be separated by
partitions not less than 5 feet in height. Each individual urinal
or urinal trough must be provided with a partition at each end
and at the back to give privacy. Where individual urinals are
arranged in batteries, a partition must be placed at each end
and at back of the battery.
Order 2211—Existing Outdoor Toilets. Existing outdoor
toilets will be permitted, until public water and sewer sys-
tems are available, if they comply with orders 2200 to 2210,
inclusive, and in addition are:
(1) Completely enclosed and separate from any other build-
ing. -
(2) Advantageously located from the standpoint of conven-
ience, privacy and sanitation.
(3) Located on ground that is well-drained, and where
there is no possibility of contaminating any drinking water
supply.
(4) Provided with suitable approach, such as concrete,
gravel or cinder walk.
(5) The vault must be made tight above the ground so that
flies, rats and other vermin cannot get into it.
(6) All windows, ventilators, and other openings must be
screened to exclude flies, and all doors must be self-closing.
GENERAL ORDERS ON QUARRIES 27
(7) When the vault is filled to the level of the ground, it
must be cleaned out. If a new vault is constructed it must be
made in accordance with the requirements for new installa-
tions, and the old vault must be properly cleaned, limed and
filled with fresh earth.
(8) The entire installation must be kept clean and sanitary.
Milk of lime (freshly slaked lime) or other equally effective
disinfectant must be used in the vault and in the urinal trough
in sufficient quantities and at frequent intervals. The floors,
seats, and urinals must be Scrubbed as often as necessary.
Order 2212—When Water and Sewer Become Available.
Within one year after water and sewer systems become avail-
able, water-closets, urinals, and lavatories shall be provided.
Photomount
Pamphlet
Binder
Gaylord Bros. Inc.
Makers
Syracuse, N. Y.
PAſ, JAM 21, 1908
|illiſill
3 9015 07377 5358

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