The Plan and Scope of a
Vergil Lexicon
WITH SPECIMEN ARTICLES
ey
MONROE NICHOLS WETMORE, Ph.D.
–
A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF
YALE UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE
OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY.
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
I904




RYDER's PRINTING HOUSE,
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
Contents.
I. Introduction. Causes which lead to the making of special
lexicons, ę ę
2. Tables and dates of publication of certain modern special
lexicons in which various methods may be studied,
3. General consideration of the method,
i
The ms. readings, ę
Conjectures, and editions used,
Spelling, ê ę ę *
Antiquarian and other references,
Works of Vergil included, . • *
Nature of entry. Length of quotation,
Explanatory additions of the editor,
Proper names, . es e* ę (• � ¢ ¢
Articles on form, pp. I2- I3 a. List of all inflectional
forms with all references. 3. Peculiarities in the
way of omission of word-forms, of “suppletivwesen,'
etc. y. Metrical peculiarities, such as position in
verse when noteworthy.
Lists of adjectives and genitives used with nouns, and
adverbs used with verbs, ę £-. -* ę
Method of arranging the article. Logical or formal
arrangement?
α. Inconveniences of logical arrangement: I. Sub-
jectivity ; 2. Like pointing a Hebrew text it is
a step in interpretation, &- ¢ e
[3. Example of logical arrangement of the article
fluvius,
y. Remarks on this, «-* «-* ¢ g» q-»
8. The formal arrangement of Merguet illustrated
by fluvius, ę ¢ ę * » e-* e
e. Remarks on this. Changes proposed in it for
the present lexicon, ę ę sº-* ¢ ę
3. The method adopted for this lexicon illustrated
by fluvius, •
•rsiisyov *y £.
-s, & <**** 3 ££
È &*-.* y . £ 3
23. .. -- --- <...-
II-
2O-
23-
24-
28
IO
IO
II
II
II
I2
I2
I2
I3
CoNTENTs
4.
\
Reasons for selecting the words given in the specimen articles,
Summary of signs and abbreviations,
Specimen articles,
I. a. A. Or Ab, .
b. Comment on it, . © � ce
c. A logical arrangement of A or Ab,
d. Comment on it,
II. Amnis,
III. Flumem,
IV. Rivus, * * ę * è
V. The Vergiliam use of the words for 'river':
g. Distribution Over cases and numbers,
. Metrical considerations,
VI. Gramen,
VII. Herba,
VIII. Gratus, . ç ę • e
IX. Scindere, including proscindere, ύ � ę
X. Videre, pp. 99-I25. Conspectus of distribution of forms,
XI. Comment on the verbs given,
PAGES
29
3O
3o-I28
30- 4S
48- 49
5o- 58
58- 63
63- 7o
7o- 8o
8o- 83
83
83
84- 87
87- 94
94- 97
97- 99
99- IOO
126-128
Preface.
This little book is intended to define the principles in
accordance with which I shall work in preparing a complete
JLexicon to the Works of Vergil and to illustrate these principles
by a number of suitable articles.
There are two ends which I shall constantly keep in view
until the work is finished: to make the lexicon as nearly perfect
as possible from my own resources, and to issue it in
its completed form within five years. As time passes between
now and the date of publication, I may on my own initiative
modify in many respects the plan which is here adopted. I shall
certainly welcome, and give the most careful consideration to,
all criticisms and suggestions frOm scholars.
Finally, it gives me great pleasure to express here my deep
feeling of gratitude to Professor Edward P. Morris, L.H.D., and
to Professor Hanns Oertel, Ph.D., for their assistance in per-
fecting this plan and for their encouragement in regard to the
work which yet remains to be done.
M. N. W.
WILLIAMS COLLEGE, Williamstown, Mass.,
November, I9O4.
The P1an a n d Sc ope of a
Vergi 1 Lexicon.
I. A Lexicon to the Works of Vergil belongs to a class of
monographs which is of comparatively recent origin. It was on
the 3oth of April, I864, that Ritschl (Wölfflin's Archiv, V., p.
584) wrote to Halm: “Wäre ich ein reicher Mann, ich würde
Speziallexica drucken lassen.” Soon after this we see that the
idea had taken hold on the minds of several scholars. The
reason why Ritschl and others about this time began to feel the
need of special lexicons is not hard to see. On the one hand, it
was then that the modern critical editions of the Latin writers
were in progress. A first-rate lexicon to an author gives an
editor or critic perfect control over the author's use of words
and constructions. Therefore, even if a special lexicon is
not an absolute necessity, it is certainly a great help in making
an edition, critical or exegetical. -
Again, the desire for special lexicons was felt by those
scholars who were interested in historical syntax, lexicography
and semantics. In these lines of work, too, no perfect book can
be written until all the Latin writers are provided with lexicons.
The first edition of Draeger's great work on historical syntax
8 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
was published in I874. Draeger took as much material as he
could from his predecessors and he gathered a great number
of examples from his own reading ; but how much easier, fuller
and more valuable his work would have been if he could have
had the advantages of a special lexicon to every Latin author!
Also in the case of monographs much work has been done in
compiling statistics concerning the uses of words and the con-
structions in various Latin authors. All this work would have
been rendered more simple if special lexicons had been in
existence.
2. Passing over the earlier indexes such as the one to Vergil,
which is given in the Valpy reprint of the Delphin edition, but
which a test will show to be very incomplete, it will be useful to
review some of the standard special lexicons of our own period.
Work on special lexicons to Latin authors begins with H.
Merguet's Lexicon zu den Redem des Cicero, the first 'fascicle
of which was published at Jena in I873, and the work was com-
pleted in I884. The four volumes contain 3,5OO quarto pages.
Merguet's Lexicon zu den Schriften Caesar und seiner
Fortsetzer was published at Jena in I886. This was followed
the next year by the first volume of the same editor's Lexicon
zu den Philosophischen Schriften des Cicero, which was completed
by the third volume in I894.
Gerber and Greef's Lexicon Taciteum began to appear in
fascicles in I877 at Leipzig. The last fascicle was issued in
the summer of I9o3.
S. Preuss' Vollständiges Lexikon zu den pseudocäsarianischen
Schriftwerken was published at Erlangen in 1884.
H. Meusel's Lexicon Caesarianum appeared at Berlin in
I884- I886.
R. Menge and S. Preuss published a Caesar Lexicon at
Leipzig in 1885-1886.
One volume of a Lexicon Livianum by F. Fügner was
issued at Leipzig in 1897, but the publishers now announce that ,
the other volumes of this excellent work will not appear.
Segebade and Lommatzsch's Lexicon Petronianum was pub-
lished at Leipzig in I898.
In the early eighties Mr. J. H. Onions tried to prepare a
Plautus Lexicon, but before he had gone far with his work, he
found that the text was still in too bad a condition to warrant
his continuing.
•^
· OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 9
The first fascicle of a Lexique de Plaute was published in
I9OO under the direction of Prof. J. P. Waltzing of Liège.
Since then a second fascicle has appeared.
The first fascicle of a Lexicon Plautinum, by Prof. G. Lodge,
was published at Leipzig in I9OI, and since then two other
fascicles have appeared.
These special lexicons are referred to here in order to show
what has already been done in this line and also for the following
reason : It is proposed in this thesis to discuss the methods used
in these various lexicons, considering the advantages and dis-
advantages of each, and On the basis of such a study to lay down
the plan of a special lexicon to Vergil.
3. Leaving aside minor points for which methods may vary
according to different authors indexed, there are some general
questions which affect any lexicon of this kind. These I propose
now to discuss.
A. First, as to mss. Of the more important lexicons men-
tioned above, those by Merguet and by Gerber and Greef rarely
give variants, while those by Meusel and by Lodge
Readings give practically all the ms. readings. This was a
of mss. particularly hard task for Meusel, who complains in
his preface of the lack of good critical editions of
Caesar.
The mss. of no author, either Greek or Latin, are superior to ,
those of Vergil. There are three mss., practically complete,
which were written not later than the sixth century. There is
a wealth of other ms. material, and in general there is a remark-
able agreement in the reading of these mss. It is, therefore,
always easy to make a readable text of the acknowledged works
of Vergil. To give all the ms. readings, therefore, would not
be a very difficult task. The following consideration, however,
leads me not to load the pages by recording all ms. variants.
While Vergil is fortunate in his mss., he is also fortunate in
having one of the best editions with a critical apparatus yet
published for any Latin author. Every scholar who takes any
especial interest in Vergil has a copy of Ribbeck's edition of
Vergil, containing the critical apparatus, and to repeat in the
lexicon all that Ribbeck gives in his footnotes appears a waste
of space and time.
Still, any one who uses a lexicon has a right to expect that,
if there is any uncertainty in the text of the passage quoted, a
warning to that effect will be given. The method followed will
IO THE PLAN AND SCOPE
therefore be: Ribbeck's text-edition of Vergil (Leipzig, B. G.
Teubner, I895) is made the basis of this lexicon; but, wherever
the best mss. fail to agree, the discrepancy will be marked with
a dagger (obelisk)f. Occasionally, when one good ms. fails to
agree with the others, it may possibly become advisable to note
this reading in parenthesis < >. In such cases the mss. will, of
course, be referred to as in Ribbeck.
B. Second, in regard to conjectures. On the admission of
conjectures the more important lexicons are divided just as they
are on the question of mss. Merguet, and Gerber .
conjectures, and Greef rarely give conjectures, while Meusel
and editions and Lodge give all that have appeared in any of
used. the great editions of their authors. Meusel takes
conjectures even from periodical literature.
The mass of literature, bearing upon Vergil's works from
the days of Verrius Flaccus to our own, is enormous; the con-
jectures of Peerlkamp alone are counted by the hundred. It is
clearly impossible to take most of these into consideration. On
the other hand, it is much to be desired that a special lexicon
should not be confined to a single text, but it should be so
arranged that it can be used with any one of the leading editions.
I propose, therefore, to give the variants of the text as found in
the latest edition of Ladewig (Berlin, I89I) and Conington
(London, Bucolics and Georgics revised by Haverfield in I898;
Aeneid I.-VI. revised by Nettleship in 1884; Aeneid VII.-XII.,
I883) for the greater works of Vergil; Gossrau (Quedlinburg,
1876) for the Aeneid, and Benoist (Paris, 1876-188o) and Thilo
(Leipzig, 1886) in addition to Ribbeck for the whole of Vergil,
except the Lydia, the Dirae and one or two of the Catalepta, for
which I shall use Ribbeck alone. Most, if not all, other editors
in making up their editions follow the text of one of these six
great editions. The abbreviations will be as follows : Rb.,
Ribbeck ; Con., Conington; Ld., Ladewig ; Ben., Benoist; Th.,
Thilo; Gos., Gossrau. In such cases the passage will be entered
both under the word which is found in the mss. and under the
word substituted by the conjecture.
C. Spelling, even in Vergil, is a difficult problem. No two
of the great editions agree entirely in this matter, though the
tendency to follow the mss. is growing.
Spelling. The standard works on forms and spellings, Neue-
Wagener, Brambach, and Lindsay, also the special
works on the spelling of Vergil in the Heyne-Wagner edition of
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I I
Vergil, vol. V., p. 38I ff., Orthographia Vergiliana, and Ribbeck's
article in his prolegg., p. 23 Iff., De scriptura codicum antiquissi-
morum, are well known and easy of access, so that references to
them under any particular word do not seem necessary. It
seemed best, therefore, not tO give any references on this subject
but to adopt the spellings as found in Ribbeck's text-edition,
since that is the basis of this lexicon. -
D. Meusel in his Caesar Lexicon under the word poms gives
several references to articles on the bridge built by Cæsar across
the Rhine. He has many other references of this
Antiquarian sort, the result of a careful digest of books and
and other pamphlets and much periodical literature. But
references. after he had begum to publish his work, he became
so impressed with the incompleteness of these
references that he abandoned the idea in some of the later fasci-
cles; although still later he returned to his original plan.
It would not be difficult to give many such references on
various matters in Vergil, but as hardly any one would think
of going tO a lexicon for such information as this, and as biblio-
graphies and editions would furnish information of this kind
with far greater completeness than could be here attained, I shall
give no references to such matters.
E. The lexicon must, of course, include the Bucolics, the
Georgics, and the Aeneid. As to the shorter poems, it did not
seem advisable to enter here upon the question
Works of ver- of their authenticity. With the exception of two
gil included. or three (such as the fine little parody of Catullus'
fourth poem and the short poem in which he bids
the muses a temporary farewell, when about to enter the school
of Siron the Epicurean) scholars differ greatly. However, since
they contain but little more than I6OO verses, the inclusion of
them will not greatly increase the size of the lexicon. The ab-
breviations are: E., Eclogues; G., Georgics; A., Aeneid ; Cu.,
Culex; Ci., Ciris; Co., Copa; M., Moretum; Ca., Catalepton ; D.,
Dirae ; L., Lydia.
F. In every instance enough of the context will be given to
enable the reader to form a complete and correct idea of the use
and meaning of the word. For example, in the case
Length of of a verb its meaning and syntax will be shown by
quotations. giving as much as is necessary of the clause on which
it depends, as well as of the clause in which it stands.
In the case of a relative it must be clearly seen to what it refers,
I 2 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
and in the case of a conjunction it must be shown what two things
are connected. So in all cases full, rather than meager, quota-
tions will be given. But wherever any words in the text are
not necessary in order to understand the use of the word under
discussion, they will be omitted and such omissions will be
indicated by dots.
In this matter I shall follow the example of Merguet, Meusel
and Lodge, rather than that of Gerber and Greef, whose brevity
often compels the reader to refer to the original in order to
discover the exact meaning and syntax of a word.
G. Occasionally it may seem advisable for the editor to make
a slight explanatory addition, in order that the meaning of the
passage may be seen without looking up the refer-
Explanatory ence. For example, under ab in A. I. I IO. tris
additions of might not be understood, so I have given the
the editor, quotation thus: [navis] tris Eurus ab alto in
brevia et syrtis urguct. All additions of such a
nature will be enclosed in square brackets.
H. Meusel and Lodge give all proper names, though such
articles in Meusel's lexicon are often little more than indexes.
The other editors do not give proper names at all, for
proper the reason that there are already lists of proper names
names. for nearly all Latin authors. But a mere index is not
sufficient. If the lexicon is to give a true and complete
picture of Vergiliam usage, it ought to include proper names,
because they also play their syntactical part. Therefore, proper
names will be treated here like Other words.
I. Articles on form to show at a glance just what forms of
a word are used by the author are given occasionally and very
briefly by Fügner, but Lodge has such an article under
Articles every word that Occurs often enough to make a para-
on form. graph in the lexicon of considerable length. If a word
occurs no more than ten or twelve times, it would not
be worth while to give an article on form, for one could get the
information in a moment from the examples themselves. Such
articles do not appear in the other lexicons, except in Meusel's,
where they are given under a few words, for example, ab. •
To be sure, all the information contained in these articles is
to be found in the body of the article, yet the saving of time by
these summaries seemed considerable enough to add an article
On form to most words.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I3
In this same paragraph, wherever such a thing is necessary,
will be a brief mention of any peculiarity, either in declension or
otherwise, of a word. For example, “abs does not Occur.”
Again, if it proves, for instance, that Vergil does not use the
dative of a certain word, or if he uses one of two or three
synonyms only in certain cases while using the Others in the
other cases, the usage being clearly marked, this fact will be
stated. -
Also, if it can be shown that in all instances but two or three
the poet puts certain forms like gramina, flumine, or flumina, in
the fifth foot, while ammem and herbas occur in the sixth foot,
that fact will be stated.
A certain amount of freedom as to what should be and what ,
should not be inserted here must be granted to the editor.
J. Meusel and Lodge regularly give at the end of the dis-
cussion of a substantive of frequent occurrence a list of the ad-
jectives and genitives used with this substantive, and
Lists of ad- at the end of an article On a verb a list of the adverbs
jectives and modifying this verb. In none of the Other important
adverbs. lexicons do such articles appear. -
Although this information, tOO, could be obtained
from the examples themselves, for the greater convenience of
the reader this lexicon will give such articles in all instances
where the number of examples is large enough to make it worth
while.
K. We come now to the most important question of all:
Shall we arrange the examples according to the logical or the
formal method? This is a question of vital im-
Method of portance, in comparison with which all others, even
arrangement. in regard to mss. and conjectures, are secondary.
- A very suggestive criticism of the logical
method is given in the American Journal of Philology, XXIII.
(I9O2) 2, p. 2 I 3, by E. W. Fay, in regard to Lodge's Lexicon
Plautinum: “It should be borne in mind that classification, how-
ever delightful a mental exercise, is but a concession to the
inherent mental shortcomings of the human being. Hardly any
two will agree where it is necessary to stop in classification.”
Doubtless Professor Fay had read in Merguet's preface that
6 € die sonst übliche Gruppirung nach den verschiedenen
Bedeutungen eines Wortes nicht nur vielfach mehr oder minder
von subjectiver Auffassung abhängig ist.” Similarly Meusel
says:
I 4 - THE PLAN AND SCOPE
“Sed alia etiam multa in hoc lexico insunt, quæ nec mihi
probantur et aliis sine dubio displicebunt. Ex his non pauca ita
comparata sunt, ut, quoniam in ipsius rei natura posita est dif-
ficultas, a nullo ita possint tractari, uti omni vituperatione careant.
Nam et dispositio saepe non nihil habet incommodi et multi loci
tales sunt, ut iure liceat dubitare, utrum hæc an illa vis ac notio
certæ cuidam voci tribuenda sit. Haud raro uno duobusve locis
adductus voces, quas iam absoluisse mihi videbar, retractavi
planeque immutavi, nihilo minus autem mihi ipsi satis facere
non potui.” -
The great variety of purposes, also, for which a lexicon article
may be consulted .may make One scholar's arrangement along
logical lines almost useless to another, because the logical method
is necessarily subjective. The editor is often obliged to give
his own interpretation to the passage and with this not all scholars
can agree.* Like pointing a Hebrew text, it is a step in the
interpretation of the passage.
In view of these general considerations and the fact that the
use of the lexicon for historical grammar and textual criticism is
of prime importance, it seemed best to adopt a formal plan of
arrangement, so that, as is the case in Merguet's volumes, it may
be seen instantly whether a certain word or combination of words
or a certain form occur at all, and if so with what frequency.
' To show how difficult or impossible the logical method of
division in Vergil would be, I give at this point the examples of
one word arranged according to this method.
FLUVIUS. I. Simg.: A. Propr., a stream, a river, rumming
zQ'ater.
a. Im app.:
explorant: hæc fontis stagna Numici,
hunc Thybrim fluvium, hic fortis habitare Latinos.
A. VII. I 5 I.
*In some instances no scholar can say that he knows the mean-
ing of a word. Instances can be cited in Vergil where scholars can-
not be sure whether the word is dative or ablative, e.g., misero, A.
II. 738, and toro, A. IV. 69I. Again, who can tel1 what kind of an
abl. is custode, A. III. 22I ? J. W. Mackail in his essay on Vergil in Eng-
lish Verse says: “And alongside of this is the other fact, which must
always be the despair of a translator, that Vergil has a greater power
than any other poet ever has had of saturating his language with
second meanings, as some precious stomes are full of under lights.”
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. ' • I 5
[3. Obj.:
dico:
tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris,
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim
diximus. . ì
A. VIII. 33I.
inno: -
pontem auderet quia vellere Cocles
et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis.
A. VIII. 65 I.
lenio: -»
Thybris ea fluvium, quam longa est, nocte tumentem
leniit. û A. VIII. 86.
peto:
Turnus paulatim excedere pugnaf
et fluvium petere ac partem, quae cingitur undaf.
A. IX. 790.
relinquo: .
progressi subeunt luco fluviumque relincunt.
A. VIII. I25.
y. Dat.:
d9:
at Metabus . . .
dat sese fluvio atque hastam cum virgine victor
gramineo donum Triviae de cæspite vellitf.
A. XI. 565.
proicio:
donec vi victus et ipso
pondere defecit prædamque ex unguibus ales f.
proiecit fluvio penitusque in nubila fugit. -
\ A. XII. 256.
succedo:
flectere iter sociis terraeque advertere proras
imperat et lætus fluvio succedit opaco. A. VII. 36.
8. Gem.:
apparet Camerina procul campique Geloi
immanisque Gela fluvii cognomine dicta.
A. III. 702.
I6
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
e. Abl.:
huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
populeas inter senior se attollere frondes
visus .
tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis.
tantum effata caput glauco contexit amictu
multa gemens et se fluvio dea condidit alto.
hunci procul errantem rabidae venantis Iuli
commovere canes, fluvio cum forte secundo
deflueret ripaque æstus viridante levaretf.
nulla religio vetuit .
balantumque gregem fluvio mersare salubri.
miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe
scuta virum fluvio pictasque innare carinas.
hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
verticibus rapidis et multa flavos harena
in mare prorumpit.
ζ. With prep.:
tum demum præceps saltu sese omnibus armis
in fluvium dedit.
B. The River God. a. Subj.:
condo:
dixit, deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto
ima petens.
dico: vid. condo.
[3. Nom.=voc., or pred. mom.:
semper celebrabere donis,
corniger hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum.
C. A River in the Lower World.
• a. Dat.:
A. VIII. 3 I.
A. XII. 886.
A. VII. 494.
G. I. 272.
A. VIII. 93.
A. VII. 3o.
A. IX. 8I6.
A. VIII. 66.
A. VIII. 77.
ergo iter inceptum peragunt fluvioque propinquant.
navita quos iam inde ut Stygia prospexiti ab unda.
A. VI. 384.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I7
[3. With prep.: •
ad :
has omnis, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,
Lethæumf ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno.
A. VI. 749.
tranS : -
tandem trans fluvium incolumis vatemque virumque
informi limo glaucaque exponit in ulva. A. VI. 4I5.
D. A Stream for Irrigatiom.
OL. Obj. .
deinde satis fluvium inducit rivosque sequentist.
G. I. IO6.
E. VVater.
a. Im app.:
[of Proteus]
ille suae contra non immemor artis
omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum,
ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque liquentem.
G. IV. 442.
2. Plur.: A. Propr.:
a. Subj. :
CU11r1rO :
in freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbræ
lustrabunt .
semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.
. A. I. 6o7.
sentio:
tunc alnos primum fluvii sensere cavatas.
G. I. I36.
[3. Obj. :
21T1O .
dum iuga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis amabit, .
semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.
E. V. 76.
inno:
exactis gravidæ cum mensibus errant,
non illas gravibus quisquam iuga ducere plaustris,
non saltuf superaret viam sit passus et acrif
carpere prata fuga fluviosque innare rapacis.
G. III. I42.
I8 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
tempto: [pullus]
primus et ire viam et fluvios temptaret minantisf
audet et ignoto sese committere pontif,
nec vanos horret strepitus. G. III. 77.
Y. Dat.:
haec se carminibus promittiti solvere mentes .
sistere aquam fluviis et vertere sidera retro.
A. IV. 489.
8. Gen.:
nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima
< M carissima P R> nostro,
scis ut te cunctis unam . . . prætulerim.
A. XII. I42.
proluit insano contorquens vertice silvas
fluviorum rex Eridanus, camposque per omnes
cum stabulis armenta tulit. G. I. 482.
e. Abl.:
dulcibus idcirco fluviis pecus omne magistri
perfundunt, udisque aries in gurgite villis
mersatur missusque secundo defluit amni. G. III. 445.
ę &. With prep.:
111 :
fraxinus in silvisi pulcherrima, pinus in hortis,
populus in fluviis. E. VII. 66.
B. Water. a. Obj.:
21T1O .
hinc et amant fluvios magis, et magis ubera tendunt
et salis occultum referunt in lacte saporem.
G. III. 396.
ministro: [for the stallion]
florentisque secant herbas fluviosque ministrant
farraque, ne blando nequeati superesse labori
invalidique patrum referant ieiunia nati. G. III. I26.
praebeo:
post hinc digressus iubeo frondentia capris
arbuta sufficere et fluvios præbere recentis.
G. III. 3oI.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 19
With most of this no fault can be found. The meanings
are, as a rule, perfectly clear, for example, in G. I. 272: nulla
religio vetuit . . . gregem fluvio mersare salubri. But. what
shall be said about G. I. IO6: deinde satis fluvium inducit rivos-
que sequentist? Does fluvius here meam 'a river, *a rill,' 'a stream
for irrigation,' or simply 'water'? Still more difficult than this,
what was Vergil's idea of fluvius in the passage describing
Proteus' transformations? ille . . . transformat sese in mira-
cula rerum, ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque liquentem,
G. IV. 442. Is it a 'river,' 'running water,' or 'water'?
Again, in G. III. 396: hinc et amant fluvios magis, et magis
ubera tendunt, does fluvios meam 'the rivers,' 'the streams,' or
'water'? In G. III. I26: florentisque secant herbas fluviosque
ministrant farraque, the meaning is clear that the grass and the
corn are to be cut and fed to the stallion in his stall, but this does
not necessarily imply that the *water' is likewise to be carried to
the stall. The stallion might equally well be led down to the
'river,' or *brook,' to drink. And finally the meaning is just as
doubtful in' G. III. 3oI.: iubeo frondentia capris arbuta sufficere
et fluvios praebere recentis. -
Almost any other word would have served this purpose as
well. Fluvius was chosen at random, but probably herba would
have shown a greater number of doubtful cases. It is often
impossible to decide whether herba means 'grass' or 'corn,' or
'weeds,' or 'any kind of growth' including bushes. So, too, in
the case of videor, there are several places where it seems im-
possible to determine whether the meaning is *to seem' or the
real passive 'to be seen.' For example,
nunc terras ordine longo
aut capere aut captas iam respectare videntur. A. I. 396.
hæc dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur. A. I. 494.
tum vero omne mihi visum considere in ignis
Ilium. A. II. 624.
hic primum nova lux oculis offulsit et ingens
visus ab Aurora cælum transcurrere nimbus
Idaeique chori. A. IX. II I.
Therefore, since we find a few cases with indefinite meanings
in so many words in Vergil, the inconveniences of a logical
arrangement seem to outweigh its possible advantages, however
much some may prefer this system of arrangement in the case of
2O THE PLAN AND SCOPE
an author so clear and precise in the use of his words as Cæsar, for
example. »
Having reached this conclusion, namely, to adopt the formal
method, for the various reasons given above, it was my intention
to follow Merguet's system exactly. So I arranged the examples
of fluvius as I thought Merguet would arrange them, as follows:
FLUVIUS, a stream, a river, running water, water.
A. Simg.: I. Subject:
condo: -
dixit, deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto,
ima petens. A. VIII. 66.
II. After verbs: I. Accus.: a. Obj. :
dico:
tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris,
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim
diximus. A. VIII. 33 I.
induco:
deinde satis fluvium inducit rivosque sequentis.
G. I. IO6.
inno:
pontem auderet quia vellere Cocles
et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis. A. VIII. 65 I.
lenio:
Thybris ea fluvium, quam longa est, nocte tumentem
leniit. A. VIII. 86.
peto:
Turnus paulatim excedere pugna
et fluvium petere ac partem, quæ cingitur unda.
A. IX. 79o.
relinquo:
progressi subeunt luco fluviumque relincunt. A. VIII. I25.
ß. App.:
explorant: hæc fontis stagna Numici,
hunc Thybrim fluvium, hic fortis habitare Latinos.
A. VII. I5I.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 2I
2. Dat.:
do:
at Metabus .
dat sese fluvio atque hastam cum virgine victor
gramineo donum Triviae de cæspite vellit. A. XI. 565.
;
proicio:
donec vi victus et ipso
pondere defecit praedamque ex unguibus ales
proiecit fluvio penitusque in nubila fugit. A. XII. 256.
propinquo:
ergo iter inceptum peragunt fluvioque propinquant.
navita quos iam inde ut Stygia prospexit ab unda.
A. VI. 384.
succedo:
flectere iter sociis terræque advertere proras
imperat et lætus fluvio succedit opaco. A. VII. 36.
3. With prep.: a. Simply:
ad :
has omnis, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,
Lethæum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno.
ę A. VI. 749.
11] :
tum demum præceps saltu sese omnibus armis
in fluvium dedit. A. IX. 8I6.
trans : -
tandem trans fluvium incolumis vatemque virumque
informi limo glaucaque exponit in ulva. A. VI. 4I5.
ß. In app.:
ille suæ contra non immemor artis
omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum,
ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque liquentem.
G. IV. 442.
III. Nom.=voc., or pred. mom.:
semper celebrabere donis,
corniger hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum.
A. VIII. 77.
IV. After subst.:
apparet Camerina procul campique Geloi
immanisque Gela fluvii cognomine dicta. A. III. 7o2.
22 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
V. Circumstance:
huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
populeas inter senior se attollere frondes
visus .
tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis. A. VIII. 31.
tantum effata caput glauco contexit amictu
multa gemens et se fluvio dea comdidit alto. A. XII. 886.
hunc procul errantem rabidæ venantis Iuli
commovere canes, fluvio cum forte secundo
deflueret ripaque æstus viridante levaret. A. VII. 494.
miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe
scuta virum fluvio pictasque innare carinas. A. VIII. 93.
nulla religio vetuit .
balantumque gregem fluvio mersare salubri. G. I. 272.
hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
verticibus rapidis et multa flavos harena
in mare prorumpit. A. VII. 3o.
B. Plur.: I. Subj.:
C11rrO :
in freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbræ
lustrabunt . . . A. I. 6o7.
sentio:
tunc alnos primum fluvii sensere cavatas. G. I. I36.
II. After verbs: I. Accus.:
21I1O .
dum iuga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis amabit, .
semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.
E. V. 76.
hinc et amant fluvios magis, et magis ubera tendunt
et salis occultum referunt in lacte saporem. G. III. 396,
inno:
- exactis gravidæ cum mensibus errant,
non illas gravibus quisquam iuga ducere plaustris,
non saltu superare viam sit passus et acri
carpere prata fuga fluviosque innare rapacis. G. III. I42.
ministro: [for the stallion]
florentisque secant herbas fluviosque ministrant
farraque. • G. III. I26.
præbeo:
post hinc digressus iubeo frondentia capris
arbuta sufficere et fluvios præbere recentis. G. III. 3oI.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 23
tempto: [pullus]
primus et ire viam et fluvios temptare minantis
audet et ignoto sese committere ponti,
nec vanos horret strepitus. G. III. 77.
2. Dat.:
haec se carminibus promittit solvere mentes .
sistere aquam fluviis et vertere sidera retro.
A. IV. 489.
III. After substantives:
nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima
< M carissima P R> nostro,
scis ut te cunctis unam . . . prætulerim. A. XII. I42.
proluit insano contorquens vertice silvas
fluviorum rex Eridanus, camposque per omnes
cum stabulis armenta tulit. G. I. 482.
IV. Circumstance: I. Ablat:
dulcibus idcirco fluviis pecus omne magistri
perfundunt, udisque aries in gurgite villis
mersatur missusque secundo defluit amni. G. III. 445.
2. With prep.:
fraxinus in silvis pulcherrima, pinus in hortis,
populus in fluviis. E. VII. 66.
This particular word Vergil does not happen to use in the
accusative as the subject of an infinitive, but, if he had done so,
these examples would have been intermingled with the nomi-
native under the heading I. Subj.
The heading II. After verbs, with its subheadings I. Accus.,
2. Dat., 3. With prep., seems confusing and capable of improve-
ment. For, if the accusatives of any word do occur both as
subject and as object, it becomes necessary to put these accusa-
tives under different headings. Again, in some examples the
substantive may be used with a preposition modifying the verb,
while in other examples the same preposition with the sub-
stantive may not modify the verb at all. Then we should be
obliged to look for the examples of the prepositional phrase
under different headings. -
One would hardly think of looking under IV. After subst.
for the genitives, until he had become accustomed to the system.
Then, too, the genitive might be a pred. gen. In that case it
24 ę THE PLAN AND SCOPE
would not come under this heading at all and the genitives of
the word would be found under different headings. Moreover,
some other case might be used after a substantive, for example,
pastor ab Amphryso, G. III. 2. This would oblige us to class
different cases together in One paragraph.
Finally, under V. Umstand (circumstance) the editor is often
obliged to class together examples of the simple ablative and
also the ablative with a preposition.
All these things are of minor importance, however. With a
little practice one learns how to find what he wishes without
much delay. But it seems probable that a scholar would not
care to have the uses of a substantive as a subject, both nomi-
native and accusative, intermingled. He would not wish to look
under four different headings for the examples of a sanguine,
finding them “After verbs,” “After subst.,” “After adj.,'' or
“In phrases.** So I propose to arrange the cases of sub-
stantives as they are given in the grammars. Then if one
wishes to look up the uses of the accusative, for instance, he
will find them all together. The examples of the subject accusa-
tive, if any occur, will come first. After this the objects and
finally the uses with a preposition will be given. Likewise all
the ablatives will be togefher, though arranged under different
subheadings.
To show how my method of arranging the examples of a
substantive differs from the logical method and that of Merguet,
I give at this point the article On fluvius as it will appear in the
lexicon.
FLUVIUs, a stream, a river, vater. (37).
I. Form: fluvius, A. VIII. 66, 77; fluvii, A. III. 702; fluvio,
A. VI. 384, VII. 36, XI. 565, XII. 256; fluvium, G. I. IO6, IV.
442, A. VI. 4I5, 749, VII. I5I, VIII. 86, I25, 33I, 65I, IX. 79o,
8I6; fluvio, G. I. 272, A. VII. 30, 494, VIII. 31, 93, XII. 886;
fluvii, G. I. I36, A. I. 607; fluviorum, G. I. 482, A. XII. 142;
fluviis, A. IV. 489; fluvios, E. V. 76, G. III. 77, 126, 142, 3oi,
396; fluviis, E. VII. 66, G. III. 445.
Sing. Plu.
N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab. N. G. D. Ac, V, AB
Ec1. I í
Geo. 2 I I I 5 I
Aen. 2 I 4 9 5 I I I `
IMin. --.
Total 2 I 4 T II 6 2 2 1 6 2
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 25
II. Mefric:
Of the 37 examples of fluvius I6 form the last half of the
third foot and the first half of the fourth, while I3 cases are
similarly divided between the second and third feet. This leaves
only eight cases, of which one has caused much discussion, viz.:
the form fluviorum at the beginning of G. I. 482.
III. Usage:
A. Sing. I. Nom. a. Subj.:
condo: -
dixit, deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto,
ima petens. A. VIII. 66.
dico: vid. comdo.
[3. Nom.=voc., or pred. mom.:
semper celebrabere donis,
corniger hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum.
A. VIII. 77.
2. Gem. depend. om moum:
apparet Camerina procul campique Geloi
immanisque Gela fluvii cognomine dicta. A. III. 7o2.
3. Dat. after verbs:
do:
at Metabus . . .
dat sese fluvio atque hastam cum virgine victor
gramineo donum Triviæ de cæspite velliti. A. XI. 565.
proicio:
donec vi victus et ipso
pondere defecit praedamque ex unguibus ales
proiecit fluvio penitusque in nubila fugit. A. XII. 256.
propinquo:
ergo iter inceptum peragunt fluvioque propinquant.
navita quos iam inde ut Stygia prospexitf ab unda.
A. VI. 384.
succedo:
flectere iter sociis terraeque advertere proras
imperat et lætus fluvio succedit opaco. A. VII. 36.
4. Acc. a. In app. with subj.:
eSSe :
explorant: haec fontis stagna Numici,
hunc Thybrim fluvium, hic fortis habitare Latinos.
A. VII. I5I.
26 THE PLAN AND Scope
g. Obj.:
dico:
tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris,
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim
diximus. A. VIII. 331.
induco:
deinde satis fluvium inducit rivosque sequentisÍ.
«» - G. I. IO6.
1111mO :
pontem auderet quia vellere Cocles
et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis. A. VIII. 651.
lenio:
Thybris ea fluvium, quam longa est, nocte tumentem
leniit. A. VIII. 86.
peto:
Turnus paulatim excedere pugnat
et fluvium petere ac partem, quae cingitur undai.
A. IX. 79o.
relinquo:
progressi subeunt luco fluviumque relincunt. A. VIII. I25.
¥. With prep.:
ad :
has omnis, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,
Lethaeumf ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno.
� A. VI. 749.
111 .
tum demum præceps saltu sese omnibus armis
in fluvium dedit. A. IX. 8I6.
trans :
tandem trans fluvium incolumis vatemque virumque
informi limo glaucaque exponit in ulva. A. VI. 4I5.
8. In app.:
ille suæ contra non immemor artis
Omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum,
ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque liquentem.
G. IV. 442.
5. Abl.:
huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
populeas inter senior se attollere frondes
visus .
tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis. A. VIII. 31.
OF A VERGIL LexICON. 27
tantum effata caput glauco contexit amictu
multa gemens et se fluvio dea condidit alto. A. XII. 886.
huncf procul errantem rabidæ venantis Iuli
commovere canes, fluvio cum forte secundo
deflueret ripaque æstus viridante levaretf. A. VII. 494.
miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe
scuta virum fluvio pictasque innare carinas. A. VIII. 93.
nulla religio vetuit .
halantumque gregem fluvio mersare salubri.
G. I. 272.
hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
verticibus rapidis et multa flavos harena
in mare prorumpit. A. VII. 3o.
B. Plu. I. Nom. subj.:
CurrO :
in freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbræ
lustrabunt .
semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.
A. I. 6o7.
sentio:
tunc alnos primum fluvii sensere cavatas. G. I. I36.
2. Gem. depend. on moum:
nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima <M
carissima P R> nostro,
scis ut te cunctis unam . . . præetulerim. A. XII. I42.
proluit insano contorquens vertice silvas
fluviorum rea: Eridanus, camposque per omnes
cum stabulis armenta tulit. G. I. 482.
3. Dat.:
haec se carminibus promittitf solvere mentes .
sistere aquam fluviis et vertere sidera retro. A. IV. 489.
4. Acc. obj. :
2,11] O :
dum iuga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis amabit, .
semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.
E. V. 76.
28 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
hinc et amant. fluvios magis, et magis ubera tendunt
et salis occultum referunt in lacte saporem. G. III. 396.
inno:
exactis gravidæ cum mensibus errant,
non illas gravibus quisquam iuga ducere plaustris,
non saltui superaret viam sit passus et acrif
carpere prata fuga fluviosque innare rapacis. G. III. I42.
ministro:
florentisque secant herbas fluviosque ministrant
farraque, ne blando nequeati superesse labori
invalidique patrum referant ieiunia nati. G. III. I26.
praebeo:
post hinc digressus iubeo frondentia capris
arbuta sufficere et fluvios praebere recentis. G. III. 3oI.
tempto: [pullus]
primus et ire viam et fluvios temptaret minantist
audet et ignoto sese committere pontif,
nec vanos horret strepitus. G. III. 77,
5. Abl. a. With verb:
dulcibus idcirco fluviis pecus omne magistri
perfundunt, udisque aries in gurgite villis
mersatur missusque secundo defluit amni. G. III. 445.
[3. With prep.:
fraxinus in silvisi pulcherrima, pinus in hortis,
populus in fluviis. E. VII. 66.
IV. Modifiers; a. Gen.:
hesperidum, A. VIII. 77.
3. Adj. (I4): -
altus, A. XII. 886; amoenus, A. VII. 3o, VIII. 3I;
corniger, A. VIII. 77; dulcis, G. III. 445; immanis, A. III. 7o2;
Lethæus, A. VI. 749; liquens, G. IV. 442; minans, G. III. 77;
opacus, A. VII. 36; rapax, G. III. 142; recens, G. III. 3OI ;
salubris, G. I. 272; secundus, A. VII. 494; tumens, A. VIII. 86.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 29
4. To illustrate the principles already laid down and to give an
idea of how in other respects the examples will be classified, the
following words are given. Under each word
Reasons for all the examples from the works of Vergil and
selecting the those attributed to him are arranged.
words given in The reasons for selecting these words are
the specimen as follows : All the more important parts of
articles.
speech must be included among the specimen
articles, and ab is believed to be the most difficult
preposition from a syntactical point of view. If a satisfactory
system of arrangement can be devised for ab, one would hardly
expect any difficulty in arranging the examples of the Other
prepositions.
Most of the space allowed for these specimen articles should,
of course, be devoted to substantives and verbs, on account of
the importance of these two parts of speech. Herba and gramem,
ammis, flumem, fluvius and rivus were chosen because these words
form two groups of synonyms that probably have examples enough
to bring up all the problems one may expect to meet in dealing
with substantives, yet the number of examples is not great enough
to make treatment here impossible.
No difficult question can be raised about the arrangement of
the examples of an adjective. An adjective should, however, be
given, and gratus illustrates perfectly the method of treating the
uses of an adjective, while at the same time it is a word of
comparativelv rare occurrence.
Of the verbs, scindere was chosen not on account of its small
number of examples, but because it is a good representative of
a large class of verbs in Vergil that take simple constructions.
Proscindere is given because it is a compound of the previous
verb and also to illustrate the treatment of a word of very rare
OCC111T1TenCe.
Videre was chosen because it is probably as difficult in the
constructions by which it is followed as any verb in Vergil, and
also because it has a very large number of examples (296). Few
verbs are more frequently used. It was my wish to give all
the synonyms of videre, but they proved to be too numerous and
of too frequent occurrence to allow presentation here.
3O THE PLAN AND SCOPE
5. F=schedæ Vaticanæ; G=schedæ Sangallensis rescriptæ;
M=codex Mediceus; P=codex Palatinus; R=codex Romanus;
V=schedæ Veronenses rescriptae ; y=codex
Summary of signs Gudianus. ę
and abbreviations Rb.=Ribbeck; Con.=Conington; Ld.=
given, or referred Ladewig ; Gos.=Gossrau ; Ben.= Benoist;
to, above. Th.—Thilo.
E.=Eclogues; G.=Georgics (this cannot
be confused with G.=schedæ Sangallensis, because it is used in
a different way); A.=Aeneid ; Cu.=Culex; Ci.=Ciris; Co.=
Copa; M.=Moretum; Ca.=Catalepton; D.=Dirae; L.=Lydia.
< > show variants in ms. readings.
[ ] enclose explanatory additions of the editor.
f shows that some ms. or edition used has a different reading.
Other abbrevations, it is believed, will explain themselves.
6. SPECIMEN ARTICLES.
A, AB. Abs does not occur.
I. Form: I. a before bº, c6, f5, i, 13, mio, n5, p**, q°, s**, t*5,
v7.
2. ab before a69, e5, h6, i*5, i(cons.) 5, 1°, O*°,
I. A. or Ab. r°, s°, t3, u*. •
Ecl. Geo. Aen. Min. Total
A is found 6 22 6O 6 94
A4b is found 2O 2I I33 II I85
Tota1 26 43 I93 I7 279
II. Usage:
aCCeSS11S .
portus ab accessu ventorum immotus Let ingens
ipse.. ] A. III. 57o.
adytum :
Ldixerat hæc, adytis cum lubricusJ anguis ab imis
. septena volumina traxit. A. V. 84.
Vid. also templum. -
Aeneas: [Iuno]
vincorf ab Aenea. . A. VII. 3Io.
æther: a. After verbs and particip.:
harum unam celerem demisit ab æthere summo
Iuppiter. A. XII. 853.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 3 I
Liamque rubescebat radiis mare et ] aethere ab alto
Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis. A. VII. 25.
Ltum cruor eti volsæ.] labuntur ab æthere plumae.
A. XI. 724.
deus æthere missus ab alto
festinare fugam Ltortosque incidere funis
ecce iterum | stimulatf. A. IV. 574.
hic pater omnipotens . . ę ę
Lintonuit radiisque ardentem lucis et auro
ipse manuf quatiens. ] ostendit ab æthere nubem.
A. VII. I43.
namque inproviso vibratus ab aethere fulgor
cum sonitu venit. A. VIII. 524.
Lnihil ipsa nec auræ.]
nec sonitus memor aut venientis ab æthere teli.
A. XI. 8o2.
[3. After combin. of verb and refleae.
Lsimul haec effatus ] ab alto
æthere se misit. A. IX. 644.
agger: a. After verbs and particip.:
Lcum Laomedontia pubes. ]
gramineo ripæ religavit ab aggere classem. A. VII. IO6.
vidit ab adverso venientis aggerei Turnus. A. XII. 446.
[3. After am adj. :
LLyncea tendentemi contra sociosque vocantem. ]
vibranti gladio conixus ab aggere dexteri
Occupat. A. IX. 769.
agmen:
conclamat ab agminet Volcensi. A. IX. 375.
altum : a. After verbs and particip.:
'Lardentes oculi atqueJ attractus ab alto
spiritus. G. III. 5o5.
Lhaec ait, et ] Maiaf genitum demittitf ab alto. A. I. 297.
hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto
Dardanus Let nostræ secum ferat omina mortis. ]
A. IV. 66I.
namque urget abf alto
arboribusque satisque motis Lpecorique sinister. ]
G. I. 443.
32 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
[navis] tris Eurus ab alto -
in brevia et syrtis urguet. A. I. IIO.
[3. After combin. of subst. and verb:
Lcunctatur et amnis
rauca sonans.] revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto.
A. IX. I25.
5. After subst.:
Linsula portum
efficiti obiectu laterum, ] quibus omnis ab alto
frangitur Linque sinus scindit sese.] unda Lreductos.J
A. I. I6o.
2.111111S .
etf quæi virgineo libata Acheloisi ab amne
liliai vimineisi attulit in calathis. CO. I 5.
Amphrysus:
Lte quoque, magna Pales, et te memorande canemus.]
pastor ab Amphryso, Lvos, silvæ amnesque Lycaei. ]
G. III. 2.
a111111S . a. After adj. promoum:
alter ab undecimo tum me iam acceperati annusf.
E. VIII. 39.
[3. After subst.:
Ltu quoque nunc stares immanis truncus in armis, |
esset par ætas et idem si robur ab annis,
Turne. A. XI. I74.
y. In phrases:
Ltu modo, quos in spem statues summittere gentis, ]
præcipuum iam inde a teneris impende laborem. G. III. 74.
pauper in arma pater primis huc misit ab annis. A. II. 87.
tua cernere facta
adsuescat primis et te miretur ab annis. A. VIII. 517.
Laudite o mentibus æquis,
Aeneadæ, | neve hæc nostris spectentur ab annis,
quæ ferimus. A. IX. 235.
2 1T2). .
Lobvius ] ambustum torrem Corynaeus ab ara
corripit. A. XII. 298.
Argos:
LHerculis Antoren comitem, qui | missus ab Argis
Lhæserat Euandro atque Itala consederati urbe. ]
A. X. 779.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 33
Lecce autem Inachiis. ] sese referebat ab Argis .
sæva Iovis coniunx. - A. VII. 286.
21T1112] .
Lper eversæ, genitor, fumantiaî Troiae
excidia obtestor, ] liceat dimittere ab armis
incolumem Ascanium. A. X. 46.
Lhis actis aliud genitor secum ipse volutat. ]
Iuturnamque parat fratris dimittere ab armis. A. XII. 844.
Arpi:
Latque iterum in Teucros Aetolis_] surgiti ab Arpis
Tydides. A. X. 28.
21TX .
Laocooni ardens summa decurrit ab arce. A. II. 4I.
ut belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce
extulit. A. VIII. I.
Ascanius:
fecerat Ignipotensi, illic genus omne futurae
stirpis ab Ascanio Lpugnataque in ordine bella. ]
A. VIII. 629.
aStrum :
Lcum levis ætheriis_] delapsus Somnus ab astris
Laëra dimovit tenebrosum._] A. V. 838.
auris :
ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aurei. A. IX. 4I7.
Aurora:
Let ingens.]
visus ab Aurora cælum transcurrere nimbus. A. IX. III.
2]V11S . Lventosque secabat
materno | veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles. A. IV. 258.
Belus:
implevitque mero pateram, quam Belus et omnis
a Belo soliti. A. I. 73o.
cælum :
Lquamvis_] solus avem cælo deiecit ab alto. A. V. 542.
Lhoci tunc | Ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto. A. VIII. 423.
hic pater omnipotens ter cælo clarus ab alto
intonuit. A. VII. I4I.
Limperio Iovis huc venio, qui classibus ignem
depulit et ] cælo tandem miseratus ab alto est. A. V. 727.
caput:
nam capite at summo regis (mirabile dictu)
candida cæsariei frondebanti tempora laurOf,
Lati roseus medio surgebat vertice crinis._] Ci. I2O.
34 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
cardo:
Llimina perrumpit. ] postisque a cardine vellit. A. II. 48o.
carina:
iam sibi tum at curvis male temperat unda carinis.
. . G. I. 36o.
CerV1X :
marmorea caput a cervice revolsum
. Hebrus volveret. - G. IV. 523.
Chaon : ¥
Chaoniamque omnem Troiano a Chaone dixit. A. III. 335.
Chaos:
Clymene . . . . .
aquef Chao densos divom numerabat amores. G. IV. 347.
crimen:
Laccipe nunc Danaum insidias, et ] crimine ab uno
disce omnis. A. II. 65.
culmen :
ruit alto a culmine Troia.
A. II. 29O.
Ldivom inclementia, divom,
has evertit opes ] sternitque a culmine Troiam. A. II. 6o3.
C111Ta :
Alcestis ab omni
inviolata vacati cura, Lquodf saeva mariti
in Chalcodoniisf Admetit turaf morataf est. ] Cu. 262.
vitamque ab omni vindicabimusf cura. Ca. V. (VII.) Io.
ego :
iam pridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat. E. II. 43.
aut redit a nobis Aurora diemque reducit. G. I. 249.
equus:
dereptumque ab equoi dextra complectitur hostem.
A. XI. 743.
LCamilla
occurrit. ] portisque ab equo regina sub ipsis
desiluit. A. XI. 499.
Euander:
namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis -
regem adit. A. X. I48.
femur:
ocius ensem
Aeneas, Lviso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus, ]
eripit a femine. A. X. 788.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 35
fluctus:
portus ab euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum. • A. III. 533.
flumen:
Lecce ruit magnisque | urbem terroribus implet,
instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros
Tyrrhenamque manum totis descendere campis.
A. XI. 449.
LTityre,J pascentes a flumine reice capellas. E. III. 96.
fons:
Lhuc ager ille malus. ] dulcesque a fontibus undæ
ad plénum calcentur. G. II. 243.
frater:
ulta virum poenas inimico ai fratre recepi. A. IV. 656.
frigus:
Lhuci mihi, dum teneras. ] defendo a frigore myrtos.
E. VII. 6.
gurges:
aut ad terram gurgite ab alto
quam multæ glomerantur aves. A. VI. 3Io.
Lnec quisquam æratas acies ex agmine tanto
misceri putet, aëriam sed.] gurgite ab alto
urgueri volucrumf raucarum ad litorat nubem.
A. VII. 7O4.
hasta: ¢
tum summa ipsius ab hasta
defringit ferrum. A. XI. 747.
Hector:
Lei mihi qualis erat, ] quantum mutatus ab illo
Hectore, qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli. A. II. 274.
herba:
Lcolor est et pluribus unus,
nec totus viridis, quia lacteat frustai repugnanti,
nec de lacte nitens, quia | tot variatur abf herbis. M. IO6.
EÌister:
coniurato descendens Dacus ab Histro. G. II. 497.
hostis:
Lnumina nulla premunt, ] mortali urgemur ab hoste
mortales. A. X. 375.
humus: -
æquævomique ab humo miserans attollit amicum. A. V. 452.
36 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
accessi viridemque ab humo convellere silvam
COnatuS. A. III. 24.
ictus:
abduxere retro longe capita ardua ab ictu. A. V. 428.
tunsai ceres silicum rapido decurriti ab ictu. M. 27.
Ida:
« hic Venus . ¢ ę ę
dictamnumi genetrix Cretaea carpiti ab Ida. A. XII. 412.
quem praepes ab Ida
sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis. A. V. 254.
ignis:
quinque tenent cælum Zonæ: quarum una corusco
semper sole rubens et torrida semper ab igni. G. I. 234.
ilex: &
ante sinistra cava monuisset ab ilice cornix. E. IX. I5.
(sæpe sinistra cava prædixit ab ilice cornix).
[Ben. ; not in Rb. or any early ms.] E. I. I8.
ille: a. After adj. promoum:
Lfortunate puer, ] tu nunc eris alter ab illo. E. V. 49.
[3. After verbs:
monte sub aërio, qui nunc Misenus ab illo
dicitur. A. VI. 234.
Ltotus et ] ille dies et qui nascenturi ab illo
Lexactum ad mensem. I pluvia ventisque carebunt. G. I. 434.
et nati natorum et qui nascenturi ab illis. A. III. 98.
imum :
• cuperemi cum vertere ab imo
structa meis manibus periuræi moenia Troiæ. A. V. 8IO.
Indi:
discurrit .
usquei coloratis amnis devexus ab Indis. G. IV. 293.
inguen:
Lhic demum, hippomanes vero quod nomine dicunt
pastores, ] lentum destillat ab inguine virus. G. III. 28I.
integrum:
magnus ab integro saeclorum nascitur ordo. E. IV. 5.
1pse :
Lipsum obtestemur | veniamque Oremus ab ipso. A. XI. 358.
Lipsai iugisf namque Ida potensi feritatisf, ] abf ipsa
Idaf faces altrix cupidisi praebebat alumnisi. Cu. 3II.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. ' 37
1S .
laurus erat . . . quam . . .
ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus
Laurentisque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis. A. VII. 63.
Iulus:
Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo. A. I. 288.
iugulum: •
contra ille repugnans
sustinet a iugulo dextram. A. XI. 75o.
Iuppiter: a. After particip.:
stabunt et Parii lapides, spirantia signa,
Assaraci proles demissæque ab Iove gentis
nomina LTrosque parens et Troiaei Cynthius auctor. ]
G. III. 35.
Lnunc etiam ] interpres divom Iove missus ab ipso
. . . celeris mandata per auras
detulit. A. IV. 356.
Lnunc et ] Iove missus ab ipso �
interpres divom fert horrida iussa < dicta M> per
al11T2\S. A. IV. 377.
[3. After combin. of verb and subst.:
quid memorem Alciden? et mii genus ab Iove summo.
A. VI. I23.
ab Iove principium musae : LIovis omnia plena._] E. III. 6o.
ab Iove principium generis, LIove Dardana pubes
gaudet avo. ] v, A. VII. 2I9.
*y. After subst.:
Italiam quaero patriami et genus ab Iove summo. A. I. 38o.
lac:
neque ego Alcippen neci Phyllida habebam,
depulsos a lacte domi quae clauderet agnosi. E. VII. I 5.
lacrima: quis talia fando .
temperet a lacrimis? A. II. 8.
limen:
Lnec non et | gemini custodes limine ab alto
præceduntf Lgressumque canes comitantur erilem._]
A. VIII. 46I.
Ct1n1 te
restitui superis letif iam liminet ab ipso? Cu. 224.
38 THE PLAN AND Scope
limes:
hinc tibi, quæ semper, vicino ab limite saepes . . .
saepe levi somnum suadebit inire susurro. E. I. 53.
litus: a. After verbs amd particip.:
socios in coetum litore ab omni
advocat Aeneas. A. V. 43.
Lgemino dimittunti bracchia muro
turriti scopuli ] refugitque abi litore templum. A. III. 536.
labitur interea resolutaî abi litore classis. Ci. 459.
Vid. populus, A. VIII. 686.
[3. After subst.:
addam . . .
Let duo rapta manu diverso ex hoste tropaeaJ
bisque triumphatas utroque ab litore gentes. G. III. 33.
v. After combin. of subst. amd verb:
Lfugite atque | abf litore funem
rumpite. A. III. 639.
lumen:
hic iuvenem in latebris aversum at lumine nympha
collocat. G. IV. 423.
Lycia:
et Clarus et Thæmoni Lycia comitantur ab altaf. A. X. I26.
malus:
nodos et vincula linea rupit,
quis innexa pedem malo pendebat ab alto. A. V. 5I I.
columbam,
Lquo tendant ferrum, | malo suspendit ab alto. A. V. 489.
[manus:]
Ltum lateri atque umeris Tegeaeumt subligat ensem, ]
demissa ab læva pantheræf terga retorquens. A. VIII. 46o.
mater :
Lmulti etiamf excretosf. | prohibent a matribus hædos.
ę G. III. 398.
1 me11S1S :
terrae
pingue solum primis extemplo a mensibus anni
fortes invortant tauri. G. I. 64.
mentum :
Loptuma torvæ
forma bovis, cui turpe caput, cui plurima cervix,
et ] crurum tenus a mento palearia pendent. G. III. 53.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON.
39
moenia:
cum sese a moenibus heros
LPriamides multis | Helenus Lcomitantibus. ] adfert.
«- A. III. 345.
moles:
primus ab adversa conclamat mole Caicus. A. IX. 35.
1T1O1TS :
infelix virgo nequiquam ai morte recepta
Lincultum solis in rupibus exigit ævum.J Ci. 517.
socios a morte reduxi. A. IV. 375.
cognoscite, Teucri, .
et qua servetis revocatum a morte Dareta. A. V. 476.
navis:
vos celsis nunc primum a navibus itis? A. II. 375.
Loramus: ] prohibe infandos a navibus ignis. A. I. 525.
referens a navibus ignis
Argolicis Phrygios torva feritatet repulsost. Cu. 302.
sociumque furens a navibus agmen
ferro accincta vocat. A. II. 613.
1nOmen :
(mox Italus Mnestheus, genus a quo nomine Memmi).
A. V. I 17.
OCCaS11S . •
quantus ab Occasu veniens pluvialibus hædisi
verberat imber humum. A. IX. 668.
Oeta:
et piger aurataf procedit Vesper ab Oetai. Cu. 203.
et gelidat venientemt ignemt quatiebat abi Oetaf. Ci. 35o.
Olympus:
primus ab ætherio venit Saturnus Olympo. A. VIII. 319.
OTa :
generos externis adfore ab oris,
hoc Latio restare canunt. A. VII. 27o.
Lille etiam. ] patriis agmen ciet Ocnusf ab oris. A. X. I98.
quæ manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris
Aenean. A. X. I64.
qualis hyperboreis aquilo cum densus ab oris
incubuit. G. III. I96.
primus init bellum Tyrrhenis asper ab oris
contemptori divom Mezentius. A. VII.
4O THE PLAN AND SCOPE
arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
LItaliam fato profugus Laviniafque_] venit
1itorat. • A. I. T.
Lsed vos qui tandem ] quibus auti venistis ab oris,
Lquove tenetis iter?_] A. I. 369.
quibus Hector ab oris
expectate venis? A. II. 282.
ordo:
illa manent immota locis neque ab ordine cedunt. A. III. 447.
tum satus Anchisa delectos ordine ab omni
centum Oratores angusta ad moenia regis
ire iubet. A. VII. I 52.
origo: a. After verbs and particip. :
Lmox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,J
Tithoni prima quoti abest ab origine Caesar. G. III. 48.
series longissima rerum
per tot ducta viros antiquat ab origine gentis. A. I. 642.
LO dea, ] si prima repetens ab origine pergam. A. I. 372.
[3. After subst.:
vestibulo astabant, aliique ab origine reges
LMartiaquef ob patriam pugnando volnerat passi._]
A. VII. 181.
y. In phrases:
nec singula morbi
corpora corripiunt, sed Ltota æstiva repente,
spemque gregemque simul. ] cunctamque ab origine gentem.
G. III. 473.
L'immo age, et | a prima, dic, hospes, origine nobis
insidias' inquit 'Danaum casusque tuorum.' A. I. 753.
altius omnem
expediam prima repetens ab origine famam. G. IV. 286.
OS .
totoque ardentis ab ore •
scintillae absistunti, Loculis micat acribus ignis._] A. XII. IOI.
Lea vox audita laborum
prima tulit finem, ] primamque loquentis ab ore
eripuit pater. A. VII. II8.
LIliacosque iterum demens audire labores
exposcit.] pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore. A. IV. 79.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. - 4 I
ovile:
illius aram
sæpe tener nostris ab ovilibus imbuet agnus. E. I. 8.
Pachynus:
Iovis coniunx . . . classemque ex æthere longe
Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno. A. VII. 289.
Pallas:
Arcades hisi oris, genus ai Pallante profectum, .
delegere locum Let posuere in montibus urbem._] A. VIII. 5I.
patria:
tu procul a patria L(nec sitf mihi credere tantum)
Alpinas a ! dura nives et ] frigora Rheni
me sine sola vides. E. X. 46.
pauper:
interdum locuples a paupere pluraî petebatf. M. 65.
pectus: -.
Ltum vero ingentem. ] gemitum dat pectore ab imo. A. I. 485.
funditque preces rex pectore ab imo. A. VI. 55.
Lquærenti talibus ille
suspirans.] imoque trahens a pectore vocem. A. I. 37I.
pestis:
Lrestinctusf donec vapor omnis et omnes. ]
quattuor amissis servatæ a peste carinæ. A. V. 699.
populus:
Lhinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis,J
victor ab Auroraef populis et litore rubro,
Aegyptum Lviresque Orientis et ultima secum
Bactra_] vehit. » A. VIII. 686.
portus: \
Lquare agite et primo læti cum lumine solis
quæ loca, quive habeant homines, ubi moenia gentis,
vestigemus et | a portu diversa petamus. A. VII. I32.
præsæpe:
ignavom fucos pecus a præsepibus arcent. G. IV. I68.
ignavom fucos pecus a præsepibus arcent. A. I. 435.
proavus:
quoif genus a proavis ingens clarumque paternæ
nomen erat virtutis. A. XII. 225. .
pulvis:
ceu pulvere ab alto
quomf venit et sicco terram spuit ore viator
aridus. G. IV. 96.
42 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
puppis:
segnemque Menoetenf .
in mare præcipitem puppi deturbat ab alta. A. V. I75.
ipse gubernator puppi Palinurus ab alta
L'heu ! quianam tanti cinxerunt aethera nimbi?'. ] A. V. I2.
tumi pater Aeneas puppi sic faturi ab alta. A. VIII. II 5.
prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntis. A. III. I3o.
prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntis. A. V. 777.
qui: a. After verbs:
tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris,
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim
diximus. A. VIII. 33 I.
Lagmen agens Clausus magnique ipse agminis instar, |
Claudia nunc at quo diffunditur et tribus et gensi
per Latium. A. VII. 7o8.
[3. After combin. of subst. amd verb:
hinc Dardanus ortus
Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum. A. III. I68.
Sergestusque, domus tenet a quo Sergia nomen,
LCentauro invehitur magna._] A. V. I2I.
radix:
quæ gravidam late segetem ab radicibus imis
sublimem expulsami eruerent. G. I. 3I9.
teneram ab radice ferens . . . cupressum. G. I. 2o.
pullulat ab radice aliis densissima silva,
ut cerasis ulmisque. G. II. I7.
Laccessit | telumque alta ab radice revellit. A. XII. 787.
1reX :
Lalia arma Latinis
quærenda aut ] pacem Troiano abi rege petendumi.
A. XI. 23o.
rupes:
Lvitam . . . inter deserta ferarum
lustra domosque traho, ] vastosque ab rupe Cyclopas
prospicio. A. III. 647.
sacellum:
ut herbæ
asperi auti rubusi a meo sinti remota sacello. Ca. III.* 8.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 43
sanguis: a. After verbs:
sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno. A. VIII. I42.
progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci
audierat. A. I. I9.
[3. After subst.:
Lsed fore qui gravidam imperiis belloque frementem
Italiam regeret, | genus alto at sanguine Teucri
proderet. A. IV. 23o.
'Dardanidæ magni, genus alto at sanguine divom'. A. V. 45.
Deiphobef armipotens, genus alto a sanguine Teucri.
A. VI. 5oO.
¥. After combin. of verb and subst.:
Lcerte hinc Romanos olim volventibus annis, ]
hinc fore ductores revocato a sanguine Teucri,
Lqui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent, ]
pollicitu'st. A. I. 235.
Lsunt et Siculis regionibus urbes
armafque, ] Troianoque a sanguine clarus Acestes. A. I. 55o.
8. After adj. prom. :
Lquorum alter Acarnan, ]
alter ab Arcadioi Tegeaeaei sanguine gentis. A. V. 299.
S2 X11IIl :
quam facile accipiter saxo sacer ales ab alto
consequitur pinnis sublimem in nube columbam. A. XI. 72 I.
sedes: a. After verbs and particip.:
luctificam Allecto dirarum ab sede dearumf
infernisque ciet tenebris. A. VII. 324.
ecce autem Boreas angustaf ab sede Pelori
missus adest. A. III. 687.
Lrespice ad haec: I adsum dirarum ab sede sororum,
Lbella manu letumque gero._] A. VII. 454.
Lhinc illum, | Corythi Tyrrhena ab sede profectum,
Laurea nunc solio stellantis regia cæli
accipit. ] A. VII. 2o9.
hunc illum fatis externa ab sede profectum
portendi generum Lparibusque in regna vocari
auspiciis. ] A. VII.
255.
44 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
[3. After combin. of verb amd subst.:
regnumque ab sede Lavini
transferet. A. I. 27o.
*y. After combin. of verbs and adj.:
Neptunus . .
Lfundamenta quatit. ] totamque at sedibus urbem
eruit. A. II. 6I I.
Lincubuere mari, ] totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt Lcreberque procellis
Africus._] A. I. 84.
Semen : -
absenti Aeneae currum geminosque iugalis
semine ab ætherio, spirantisi naribus ignem. A. VII. 28I.
socius:
pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque
confixi a sociis. A. II. 429.
solium : a. After verbs:
Lpræfatus divos ] solio rex infit ab alto. A. XI. 3oI.
Tartareum ille manu custodem in vincla petivit
ipsius a solio regis, traxitque trementem. A. VI. 396.
[3. After combin. of verb amd reflex.:
Lhæc ubi dicta dedit, ] solio se tollit ab alto. A. VIII. 54I.
specula: a. After subst.:
utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta
stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum,
advolat. A. X. 454.
[3. After combin. of verb and subst.:
dat signum specula Misenus ab alta
Lære cavo. ] A. III. 239.
stabulum:
absint et picti squalentia terga lacerti
pinguibus a stabulis. G. IV. I4.
quattuor a stabulis præstanti corpore tauros
avertit. A. VIII. 2o7.
Laut matrif multis balatibus.] agnum
Martius a stabulis rapuit lupus. A. IX. 566.
nec vero a stabulis pluvia inpendente recedunt
longius. G. IV. I9I.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON.
45
stirps: a. After verb amd particip.:
nec non et sterilis quæ stirpibus exit ab imis,
hoc faciati. G. II. 53.
seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum at stirpe volebat. A. I. 626.
ß. After subst.:
Lqui sanguine nostrum
nomen in astra ferant | quorumque ai stirpe nepotes
omnia sub pedibus . . . videbunt. A. VII. 99.
y. After adj.:
durum af stirpe genus natos ad flumina primum
deferimus. A. IX. 6o3.
δ. In phrases:
huic ai stirpe pedes temo protentus in Octo,
binæ aures, duplici aptantur dentalia dorso. G. I.
hoc ubi, non a stirpe valent cæsæque reverti
possunt. G. II.
'Dardanidæ duri, quæ vos a stirpe parentum
prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto
I7J.
3I2.
accipiet reduces.' A. III. 94.
quodque at stirpe fores geminis coniunctus Atridis.
A. VIII. I3o.
templum:
ecce trahebatur passis Priameia virgo
crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervæ. A. II.
Tenedos: a. After subst.:
ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
. . . angues
incumbunt pelago. A. II.
[3. After verb:
et iam Argiva phalanx instructis navibus ibat
a Tenedo. A. II.
tergum :
stivâfque, quæ currusi a tergo torqueat imos. G. I.
sæpe etiam stellas . . . videbis
præcipites caelo labi, noctisque per umbram
flammarum longos a tergo albescere tractus. G. I.
numquam . . . inpacatosf a tergo horrebis Hiberos.
G. III.
4O4.
2O3.
255.
I74.
4o8.
46 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
hos tota armenta secuntur
a tergo, Let longum per vallis pascitur agmen. I A. I. I86.
limen erat cæcæque fores .
postesque relicti
a tergO. A. II. 455.
Lregina in mediis patrioi vOcat agmina sistro ]
necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis. A. VIII. 697.
tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobis
a tergO pOssit, custodi et consule longe. A. IX. 322.
ruit ille recedensi
et miseri oppositis a tergo involvitur aris
Lin caput inque umeros...] A. XII. 292.
terra : a. After combin. of verb and subst.:
non illa quisquam me nocte per altum
ire neque at moveat <M* Rb. & Th. momeat M* R y edd.>
convellere funem. G. I. 457.
[3. Modifying substantive to be supplied:
iam fragilis poteram abi terrat contingeret ramos.
E. VIII. 4o.
tOruS :
inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto. A. II. 2.
trabs: •
et nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta. A. XII. 6o3.
Troia:
Phrygiique penates,
quos mecum abi Troiaf Lmediisque ex ignibus urbis ]
extuleram. A. III. I49.
quos simul abi Troia ventosa per aequora vectos
obruit auster. A. VI. 335.
tu : -
a te principium, tibi desinam <P desinet M>. E. VIII. I I.
tumulus:
sistit et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto. A. XI. 853.
turbo:
fulminibusf veluti fragor est at turbinet nisef
tegminibusf telisquef superi . . . Cu. 3I8.
uber: : • 24
atque hæc iam primo depulsus ab ubere matris
audeatf. G. III. 187.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 47
infantumque animæ flentes, in limine primo
quos dulcis vitaei exsortisi et ab ubere raptos
abstulit atra dies Let funere mersit acerbo. ] A. VI. 428.
CerVOS erat .
Tyrrhidaei pueri quem matris ab ubere raptum
nutribant. A. VII. 484.
ulmus :
nec gemere aëria cessabit turtur ab ulmo. E. I. 58.
umbra:
tum pater Omnipotens, aliquem indignatus ab umbris
mortalem infernis ad limina surgere vitae,
Lipse repertorem medicinae . . . . ]
. Stygias detrusit ad undast. A. VII. 77o.
unda: a. After particip.:
Lcoram, quem quæritis, ] adsum
Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis. A. I. 596.
[3. After subst. to be supplied:
vix lumine quarto
prospexi Italiam summa sublimis ab unda. A. VI. 357.
y. After subst.:
navita quos iam inde uti Stygia prospexitf ab unda
Lper tacitum nemus ire. ] A. VI. 385.
8. After combin. of verb and subst.:
INereisf ab undat
signat dabatf. Cu. 345.
e. After combin. of verb amd reflear.:
quo fessus ab undis
se recipit. G. IV. 4o3.
urbs: a. After verbs and particip.:
ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnim.
E. VIII, 68, 72, 76, 79, 84, 90, 94, IOO, IO4.
via prima salutis,
Lquod minime reris, ] Graia pandetur ab urbe. A. VI. 97.
quisve ruit tantus diversa clamor ab urbe? A. XII. 62I.
Lparcite, ] ab urbe venit, Liam parcite, carmina, ] Daphnisf.
E. VIII. IO9.
48 «, THE PLAN AND SCOPE
[3. After combin. of verb and subst.:
Lecce super mæsti magna ] Diomedis ab urbe
legati responsa ferunt. A. XI. 226.
y. After adj.: •
nec tam aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe. A. I. 568.
VentuS : iubeo .
et stabula a ventis hiberno opponere soli
ad medium conversa diem. G. III. 3o2.
Lhunc angustique imbrice tecti
parietibusque premunt artis et quattuor | addunt,
quattuor a ventis obliqua luce fenestras. G. IV. 298.
vertex :
Lceu duo nubigenæ cum. ] vertice montis ab alto
descendunti centauri. A. VII. 674.
unam . . . [navem]
ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus
in puppim ferit. A. I. II4.
præsertim si tempestas a vertice silvis
incubuit. G. II. 3IO.
tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent. A. XI. 577.
ille ictum venientem a vertice velox
prævidit. A. V. 444.
vesper:
et vespere ab atrOi
consurgunt venti. . A. V. I9.
volnus:
inter quas Phoenissa recens a volnere Dido
errabat. A. VI. 54o.
The article On the form of a, or ab, is given very briefly, the
number of times the preposition occurs before words beginning
with the various letters of the alphabet being
b. c.„„e„, expressed by a superior figure. The only dis-
on the formal advantage in this is that I cannot show here those
arrangement. places where the form of the preposition is doubt-
ful, or where it is uncertain whether Vergil used
any preposition or not. ' A.
It will be seen that I differ from Merguet's plan in some
particulars. The most important deviation is the arrangement
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 49
here of the prepositional combinations according to the 'dependent'
word rather than according to the verb by which the preposition
is 'governed.' The examples are in the alphabetical order of
the principal words in the phrases.
In case there is but one example, or in case all the examples
are used in the same way, whether after verbs and participles,
after substantives, or in phrases, I have not thought it
necessary to give any heading ; but wherever the phrases are used
in different ways, I have arranged the examples under their
proper headings. There is a great advantage, it seems to me,
in having all instances of a certain phrase together, and if one
cared for such information as that emphasized by Merguet's
method of arrangement, he can get it without much diffculty.
This combines fairly well the advantages of both systems and
avoids the logical arrangement of Raum, Zeit, Grenze.
I fear that in the printed lexicon the length of the quotation
will have to be cut down, and I have indicated in this specimen
article by heavy L-brackets (L J) the parts which may be omitted
in the lexicon. In A. VII. 3Io, ncor ab Aenea, I can see no
reason for a longer quotation. The sense is complete and the
meaning of ab is clear. It is not necessary in the lexicon to show
that Juno is speaking. On the other hand, if G. I. 234 were
given in this way: torrida semper ab igni, it would be necessary
to look up the quotation in the original to discover the meaning of
the passage and the use of ab. So I shall give two verses here,
making the sense complete.
But this does not meam that the whole of these two verses
must be given for every other word in them. For example,
the quotation for quinque would be simply quinque tenemt caelum
gonae. The same four words would illustrate caelum, and the
second semper requires only una [gona] torrida semper ab igni.
Finally, if the examples are short, they will be printed as
prose and placed together in a solid paragraph. However, the
attempt will be made in case the quotations are long, as they must
often be for substantives and verbs, to give each word its metrical
position in the verse even in the printed lexicon, as far as it can
be done without great waste. But it is obvious that this is
impossible in the case of many words, such as prepositions.
5O THE PLAN AND SCOPE
I. LIVING BEINGs: A. PROPER NAMES OF PERSONs:
a. After verbs amd particip. of real motion:
A logical amnis devexus ab Indis.—G. IV. 293. ab
arrangement Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis regem adit.
of A or Ab. —A. X. I48. visus ab Aurora cælum transcurrere
nimbus.—A. IX. I I I.
ß. After verbs amd particip. of metaphorical motiom:
aque Chao densos divom numerabat amores.—G. IV. 347.
demissæque ab Iove gentis nomina.—G. III. 35. a magno demis-
sum nomen Iulo.—A. I. 288. mutatus ab illo Hectore.—A. II.
274. genus a Pallante profectum.—A. VIII. 5I.
y. After verb amd subst. of beginning:
ab Iove principium [est] musæ.—E. III. 6o. ab Iove princi-
pium generis [est].—A. VII. 2I9. -
8. After verb of maming:
Chaoniamque omnem Trioano a Chaone dixit.—A. III. 325.
e. After verb and subst. of origim:
mi genus [est] ab Iove.—A. VI. I23.
§. After subst. demotimg origim:
quæro patriam et genus ab Iove.—A. I. 38o. genus omne
futurae stirpis ab Ascanio.—A. VIII. 629.
η. With passive verb or particip., demotimg agent:
Iove missus ab ipsO.—A. IV. 356. Iove missus ab ipso.—A.
IV. 377. vincor ab Aenea.—A. VII. 3Io.
6. After adj. demotimg a series:
Omnes a Belo soliti.—A. I. 73o.
B. PRONOUNS REFERRING TO PERSONs:
a. With verbs of real motiom—active: •
a me illos abducere.—E. II. 43. redit a nobis Aurora.—G. I.
249.
[3. After verbs of origim; a. Idea of origin being perfectly clear:
Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens per Latium.
—A. VII. 7O8. qui nascentur ab illo.—G. I. 434. qui nascentur
ab illis.—A. III. 98. -
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 5I
b. Idea of origin in verb mot so clear:
veniam . . . oremus ab ipso.—A. XI. 358. ab ipsa Ida faces
. præbebat alumnis.—Cu. 3 II.
5y. After verb amd subst. of beginning:
genus [est] a quo principe nostrum.—A. III. I68. a te prin-
cipium [est].—E. VIII. II.
8. After expressiom of maming:
monte . . . qui nunc Misenus ab illo dicitur.—A. VI. 234.
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim diximus.—A. VIII.
331. ab ea nomen posuisse colonis.—A. VII. 63. domus tenet a
quo Sergia nomen.—A. V. I2I.
e. After adj. demotimg series:
eris alter ab illo.—E. V. 49.
C. CoMMON NOUNS SIGNIFYING LIVING BEINGs:
a. After verbs and particip. of real motion—active:
veniens ab avo.—A. IV. 258.
ß. After verbs of implied motiom—active:
pacem Troiano ab rege petendum.—A. XI. 23o. a paupere
plura petebat.—M. 65. poenas inimico a fratre recepi.—A. IV.
656. victor ab Auroræ populis . . . Aegyptum viresque Orien-
tis et ultima secum Bactra vehit.—A. VIII. 686.
*y. After verb of protectiom:
prohibent a matribus hædos.—G. III. 398.
8. After verb and subst. of origin:
quoi genus a proavis . . . erat.—A. XII. 225.
e. After passive verb, demoting agent:
confixi a sociis.—A. II. 429. urgemur ab hoste.—A. X. 375.
2. PERSONIFICATIONS: With passive verbs, particip. or adj.,
demotimg agent:
portus ab eurOO fluctu curvatus.—A. III. 533. libata Achelois
ab amne lilia.—Co. I5. zonæ: quarum una . . . torrida semper
ab igni.—G. I. 234. variatur ab herbis.—M. IO6.
52 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
3. PLACE NOUNS: A. GEOGRAPHICAL PROPER NAMEs:
a. After verbs and particip. of real motion:
descendens Dacus ab Histro.—G. II. 497. Argiva phalanx
. navibus ibat a Tenedo.—A. II. 255. procedit Vesper ab
Oeta.—Cu. 2o3. surgit ab Arpis Tydides.—A. X. 28. ab ætherio
venit Saturnus Olympo.—A. VIII. 319. venientem ignem
quatiebat ab Oeta.—Ci. 35o.
ß. After verbs of implied motiom—active:
dictamnum . . . carpit ab Ida.—A. XII. 4I2. Lycia comi-
tantur ab alta.—A. X. I26. quos mecum ab Troia . . . ex-
tuleram.—A. III. I49. quem . . . ab Ida . . . rapuit Iovis
armiger.—A. V. 254. sese referebat ab Argis.—A. VII. 286.
y. After verbs of implied motion—passive:
missus ab Argis.—A. X. 779. quos . . . ab Troia . . .
per aequora vectos.—A. VI. 335.
8. After subst.:
a Tenedo . . . angues incumbunt pelago.—A. II. 203.
pastor ab Amphryso.—G. III. 2.
e. Adnominal qualifier of subst. e.vpressed:
Iovis coniunx . . . prospexit ab usque Pachyno.—A. VII.
289. -
B. COMMON NOUNs:
a. After verbs of real motiom—active:
sese a moenibus heros . . . adfert.—A. III. 345. vespere
ab atro consurgunt venti.—A. V. I9. decurrit ab arce.—A. II.
4I. vertice montis ab alto descendunt.—A. VII. 674. caelo
descendit ab alto.—A. VIII. 423. a flumine . . . descendere.
—A. XI. 449. ab equo regina . . . desiluit—A. XI. 499.
destillat ab inguine virus.—G. III. 28I. ducite ab urbe domum.
—E. VIII. 68&c. a navibus itis?—A. II. 375. init bellum
. ab oris . . . Mezentius.—A. VII. 647. labuntur ab
æthere plumae.—A. XI. 724. custodes limine ab alto præcedunt.
—-A. VIII. 46I. Tyrrhena ab sede profectum.—A. VII. 2o9.
ab sede profectum.—A. VII. 255. a stabulis . . . recedunt.
—G. IV. SI9I. ab undis se recipit.—G. IV. 4o3. refugit . .
ab litore templum—A. III. 536. surgens a puppi ventus.—A.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 53
III. I3o. surgens a puppi ventus.—A. V. 777. ab umbris
mortalem infernis ad lumina surgere vitæ.—A. VII. 770. urget
ab alto arboribus . . . notus.—G. I. 443. gurgite ab alto
urgueri volucrum . . . ad litora nubem.—A. VII. 7O4. [navis]
tris Eurus ab alto in brevia . . . urguet.—A. I. I Io. ab urbe
venit.—E. VIII. IO9. Troiae . . ab oris Italiam . . . venit.
—A. I. I. quibus . . . venistis ab oris?—A. I. 369. quibus
Hector ab oris . . . venis?—A. II. 282. ictum venientem a
vertice velox prævidit.—A. V. 444. ab æthere fulgor cum sonitu
venit.—A. VIII. 524. ab occasu veniens . . . verberat imber
humum.—A. IX. 668. nec sonitus memor aut venientis ab
æthere teli.—A. XI. 8o2. vidit ab adverso venientis aggere—A.
XII. 446.
[3. After verbs and particip. of real motion, passive—result of
motiom :
delapsus Somnus ab astris.—A. V. 838. dereptum . . ab
equo.—A. XI. 743. depulsus ab ubere matris.—G. III. I87. ab
ubere raptos.—A. VI. 428. matris ab ubere raptum.—A. VII.
484. a navibus ignis . . . repulsos.—Cu. 3o2.
5. After verbs of implied motion—active:
quattuor a stabulis præstanti corpore tauros avertit.—A. VIII.
207. socios . . . litore ab omni advocat Aeneas.—A. V. 43.
ab humo . . . attollit amicum.—A. V. 452. Allecto dirarum
ab sede dearum . . . ciet.—A. VII. 324. agmen ciet Ocnus
ab oris.—A. X. I98. manus . . . comitetur ab oris Aenean.
—A. X. I64. a terra moveat convellere funem.—G. I. 457. ab
humo convellere silvam.—A. III. 24. torrem . . . ab ara cor-
ripit.—A. XII. 298. avem cælo deiecit ab alto.—A. V. 542.
genitum demittit ab alto.—A. I. 297. demisit ab æthere .
Iuppiter.—A. XII. 853. Menoeten . . . in mare . . . puppi
deturbat ab alta.—A. V. I75. ea vox . . . primamque loquentis
ab ore eripuit pater.—A. VII. I I8. ensem . . . eripit a femine.
—A. X. 788. totam . . . a sedibus urbem eruit.—A. II. 6I I.
a vertice pontus in puppim ferit.—A. I. I I4. ab urbe legati re-
sponsa ferunt.—A. XI. 226. gurgite ab alto . . . glomerantur
aves.—A. VI. 3IO. tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit.—G. II.
3IO. aquilo . . . ab oris incubuit.—G. III. I96. ab alto
æthere se misit.—A. IX. 644. custodem in vincla petivit ipsius
a solio regis, traxitque trementem.—A. VI. 396. a portu diversa
54 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
petamus.—A. VII. I32. agnum Martius a stabulis rapuit lupus.
--A. IX. 566. a flumine reice.—E. III. 96. te restitui . . .
leti iam lumine ab ipso.—Cu. 224. telumque alta ab radice
revellit.—A. XII. 787. revocat . . pedem Tiberinus ab alto.
--A. IX. I25. ab litore funem rumpite.—A. III. 639. totum
. a sedibus imis . . . ruunt.—A. I. 84. ruit alto a culmine
Troia.—A. II. 29o. ruit . . . diversa clamor ab urbe.—A. XII.
62I. sternit . . . a culmine Troiam.—A. II. 6o3. solio se
tollit ab alto.—A. VIII. 54 I. imo . . . trahens a pectore
vocem.—A. I. 37I. trahebatur . . . a templo Cassandra ady-
tisque Minervæ.—A. II. 4O4. adytis cum lubricus anguis ab
imis . . . volumina traxit.—A. V. 84. a solio regis traxit.
— A. VI. 396. regnum . . . ab sede Lavini transferet—A. I.
27O. postis . . . a cardine vellit.—A. II. 48o. vertere ab imo
. . . moenia Troiae.—A. V. 8IO. a navibus agmen . .
vocat.—A. II. 6I3.
8. After verbs of implied motiom—passive:
attractus ab alto spiritus.—G. III. 5o5. demissa ab læva
pantheræ terga.—A. VIII. 46o. ereptus ab undis.—A. I. 596.
segetem ab radicibus imis sublimem expulsam eruerent.—G. I.
319. Boreas . . . ab sede Pelori missus adest.—A. III. 687.
deus æthere missus ab alto.—A. IV. 574. caput a cervice revol-
sum.—G. IV. 523.
e. After verbs of metaphorical motion:
ab ore scintillæ absistunt.—A. XII. IOI. ab . . , conclamat
mole Caicus.—A. IX. 35. conclamat ab agmine.—A. IX. 375.
puppi Palinurus ab alta [dixit].—A. V. I2. gemitum dat pectore
ab imo.—A. I. 485. dat signum specula Misenus ab alta.—A.
III. 239. Nereis ab unda signa dabat.—Cu. 345. belli signum
. . Turnus ab arce extulit.—A. VIII. I. Aeneas puppi sic
fatur ab alta.—A. VIII. II 5. capite a summo regis . . . fron-
debant tempora.—Ci. I2O. aethere ab alto Aurora . . . fulge-
bat.—A. VII. 25. fundit . . preces rex pectore ab imo.—A. VI.
55. gemere . . . ab ulmo.—E. I. 58. hauriat hunc oculis
ignem crudelis ab alto.—A. IV. 66I. solio rex infit ab alto.—A.
XI. 3OI. pater omnipotens ter cælo clarus ab alto intonuit.—A.
VII. I4I. monuisset ab ilice cornix.—E. IX. I 5. ' toro pater
Aeneas sic orsus ab altO—A. II. 2. pater omnipotens . . osten-
dit ab æthere nubem.—A. VII. I43. (praedixit ab ilice cornix.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 55
—E. I. I8). pullulat ab radice . . . silva, ut cerasis ulmisque.
——G. II. I7.
3. After verbs comtaiming compoumd idea of rest and motiom:
absint . . . a stabulis.—G. IV. I4. generos . . . adfore
ab oris.—A. VII. 27o. adsum dirarum ab sede sororum.—A.
VII. 454. teneram ab radice ferens . . . cupressum.—G. I.
2o. telum librabat ab aure.—A. IX. 4I7. nodum . . . leti
trabe nectit ab alta.—A. XII. 6o3. via prima salutis . . . Graia
pandetur ab urbe.—A. VI. 97. a mento palearia pendent.—G.
III. 53. pendetque . . . narrantis ab ore.—A. IV. 79. malo
pendebat ab alto.—A. V. 5I I. tigridis exuviæ per dorsum a
vertice pendent.—A. XI. 577. religavit ab aggere classem.—A.
VII. IO6. asper aut rubus a meo sint remota sacello.—Ca. III.*
8. malo suspendit ab alto.—A. V. 489.
m. After particip. denoting release:
resoluta ab litore classis.—Ci. 459.
6. After verbs demoting protectiom:
fucos . . . a præsepibus arcent.—G. IV. I68. fucos . . .
a præsepibus arcent.—A. I. 435. prohibe . . . a navibus ignis.
——A. I. 525. sustinet a iugulo dextram.—A. XI. 75o.
v. Adnominal qualifier of subst.; a. expressed :
ab ovilibus imbuet agnus.—E. I. 8. saxo sacer ales ab alto
consequitur pinnis sublimem in nube columbam.—A. XI. 72I.
hic dea se . . . sistit et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto.
—A. XI. 853. utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta.—A. X. 454.
addam . . . triumphatas utroque ab litore gentes.—G. III. 33.
navita quos . . . Stygia prospexit ab unda—A. VI. 385. hinc
tibi, quæ semper, vicino ab limite sæpes . . . saepe levi somnum
suadebit inire susurro.—E. I. 53. a fontibus undæ . . . cal-
centur.—G. II. 243. quibus omnis ab alto frangitur . . . unda.
—A. I. I6o.
b. mot e.vpressed:
caelo . . . miseratus ab alto est.—A. V. 727. ab rupe
Cyclopas prospicio.—A. III. 647. poteram ab terra contingere
ramos.—E. VIII. 4o. prospexi Italiam summa sublimis ab unda.
—A. VI. 357.
56 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
k. After adj. of place:
aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe.—A. I. 568. gladio
conixus ab aggere dexter occupat.—A. IX. 769.
A. After adverb of place:
procul a patria . . . frigora Rheni . . . vides.—E. X. 46.
4. TIME NOUNs; a. Ab='starting with':
pater primis huc misit ab annis.—A. II. 87. primis et te mire-
tur ab annis.—A. VIII. 5I7. neve hæc nostris spectentur ab
annis, quæ ferimus.—A. IX. 235. primis extemplo a mensibus
anni . . . . invortant tauri.—G. I. 64.
[3. Adnominal qualifier:
esset par ætas et idem si robur ab annis.—A. XI. I74.
5. OTHER COMMON NOUNs: a. After verbs and particip. of
real motiom:
abduxere . . . capita ardua ab ictu.—A. V. 428. neque ab
ordine cedunt.—A. III. 447. tunsa ceres silicum rapido decurrit
ab ictu—M. 27. ab hasta defringit ferrum.—A. XI. 747. stirpi-
bus exit ab imis.—G. II. 53. socios a morte reduxi.—A. IV. 375.
pulvere ab alto quom venit . . . viator.—G. IV. 96.
ß. After verbs and particip. demotimg result of motiom—passive
motiom:
aversum a lumine.—G. IV. 423. stabula a ventis . . . ad
medium conversa diem.—G. III. 302. satus Anchisa delectos
ordine ab omni . . . oratores . . . ire iubet.—A. VII. I52.
depulsos a lacte . . . agnos.—E. VII. I5. virgo . . . a morte
recepta.—Ci. 517.
¥. After verbs of implied motion:
liceat dimittere ab armis . . Ascanium.—A. X. 46. Iutur-
nam . . . parat fratris dimittere ab armis.—A. XII. 844.
fragor est a turbine.—Cu. 318. revocatum a morte Dareta.—A.
V. 476. genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno.—A. VIII.
I42.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 57
8. After verbs and particip. of metaphorical motiom:
a prima, dic, hospes, origine nobis insidias . . . Danaum.
—A. I. 753. crimine ab uno disce omnis.—A. II. 65. progeniem
. Troiano a sanguine duci.—A. I. I9. series . . . rerum
per tot ducta viros antiqua ab origine gentis.—A. I. 642. genus
a quo nomine Memmi [est].—A. V. I I7. hinc fore ductores
revocato a sanguine Teucri.—A. I. 235. Troiano . . [est] a
sanguine clarus Acestes.—A. I. 55O. seque ortum . . . Teucro-
rum a stirpe volebat.—A. I. 626. genus alto a sanguine Teucri
proderet.—A. IV. 23O. repetens ab origine famam.—G. IV. 286.
repetens ab origine pergam.—A. I. 372.
e. After verbs containing compound idea of rest and motion:
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.—G. III. 48.
&. After verbs signifying 'refrain from':
a curvis male temperat unda carinis.—G. I. 36o. temperet a
lacrimis?—A. II. 8.
η. After verbs denoting protection:
defendo a frigore myrtos.—E. VII. 6.
6. After verbs and particip. signifying 'protected':
portus ab accessu ventorum immotus.—A. III. 57o. servatæ
a peste carinæ.—A. V. 699. Alcestis ab omni inviolata vacat
cura.—Cu. 262. vitam . . . ab omni vindicabimus cura.—Ca.
V. (VII.) Io.
v. After verb of origin:
ab integro saeculorum nascitur ordo.—E. IV. 5.
k. After subst. demotimg origim :
genus alto a sanguine divom.—A. V. 45. genus alto a san-
guine Teucri.—A. VI. 5oo.
λ. After subst.:
iugalis semine ab ætherio [iubet duci].—A. VII. 28I. a stirpe
nepotes.—A. VII. 99. vestibulo astabant, aliique ab origine reges.
—A. VII. I8I.
58 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
μ. After adj. demotimg series:
alter ab Arcadio . . . sanguine.—A. V. 299. alter ab un-
decimo tum me iam acceperat annus.—E. VIII. 39. durum a
stirpe genus natos ad flumina , . . deferimus.—A. IX. 6o3.
recens a volnere Dido errabat.—A. VI. 45o.
6. IN PHRASES:
Corripiunt . . . cunctamque ab origine gentem.—G. III. 473.
iam inde a teneris impende laborem.—G. III. 74. currus a tergo
torqueat.—G. I. I74. a tergo albescere tractus.—G. I. 367. a
tergo horrebis Hiberos.—G. III. 4o8. armenta secuntur a tergo.
—A. I. 186. postes . . . relicti a tergo.—A. II. 455. a tergo
respicit anguis.—A. VIII. 697. manus se attollere nobis a tergo
possit.—A. IX. 322. oppositis a tergo involvitur aris.—A. XII.
292. huic a stirpe pedes temo protentus in octo.—G. I. I7I. a
stirpe valent.—G. II. 3I2. a stirpe parentum prima tulit tellus.
—A. III. 94. a stirpe fores geminis coniunctus Atridis.—A.
VIII. I3o. addunt, quattuor a ventis obliqua luce fenestras.
—G. IV. 298.
This article and the accompanying chart attempt not simply
to give a logical arrangement of a or ab, but more than that, to
show just what there is in the sentence which leads
c.„„„.„, .„ one to assign this or that meaning to the word. I
the logical intended to bring out here more strongly than is
arrangement. usually done the importance which attaches to the
moum of the phrase in the determination of the
semantic force of the preposition.
To discover how important the noun in the phrase is, let us
look, for example, at all the examples of mittere in the passive in
this article.
Iove missus ab ipso, A. IV. 356; Iove missus ab ipso, A. IV.
377; missus ab Argis, A. X. 779; Boreas . . . ab sede Pelori
missus adest, A. III. 687; deus aethere missus ab alto, A. IV. 574.
A glance at these shows us that, if the substantive in the phrase is
the name of a person, ab denotes the agent; but if it is a place
noun, ab means “from,” “away from,'' or “down from'' in the case
of aethere, because this means “the sky.'' A little change in this
last example might have substituted Iove for aethere, and this
would have changed the meaning of ab from “down from'' to “by.”
Again, in urgemur ab hoste, A. X. 375, hoste refers to persons,
so ab denotes agent; but in gurgite ab alto urgueri volucrum .
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 59
ad litora nubem, A. VII. 7O4, the same verb is used and in the
passive, but gurgite shows that ab means “from.” Add to this
the great number of time phrases, like ab ammis and of
phrases like a stirpe and a tergo where the verb has nothing to do
with the meaning, and we see clearly that the substantive ought
to be considered in our arrangement. Therefore, I first divided
the examples according to the substantives in the phrases, and
then within these divisions I arranged the examples according
to the verbs, substantives, or adjectives upon which the phrases
dcpend.
In regard to most of the subdivisions given above it is un-
necessary to speak at length. The heading “After verbs of real
motion'' is found in all the logical lexicons in the form “suspensum
e.v verbis movendi.” It may be remarked in passing that in
Vergil's mind refugit, in refugit ab litore templum, A. III. 536,
was probably just as much a verb of motion as if some Other word
were its subject. It really seemed to Aeneas and his men that
the temple receded, moved back, from the shore as they
approached.
The heading “Time nouns'' corresponds to that in the logical
lexicons “de tempore,” while the heading “In phrases**
corresponds to “absolute positum, in formulis quibusdam quae
locum quo significant.” Here, of course, they must regard the
noun of the phrase, for there is no verb that affects the con-
struction. `
Also, the heading “After verbs denoting protection'' calls for
no extended comment. For example, a word of defending is
naturally followed by a or ab meaning “from,” as in E. VII. 6,
dcfendo a frigore myrtos. -
As we have a great class of verbs denoting active motion, so
there is another smaller class of verbs of real motion which
cxpress passive motion, that is, the result of motion. Cf. Delbrück
on perfektische Aktionsart in his Vergleich. Syntax, II., p. I77.
In depulsus ab ubere matris, G. III. I87, depulsus shows clearly
that the colt has been separated from its dam. Again, in delapsus
Somnus ab astris, A. V. 838, the god of sleep has just reached
the side of Palinurus, “having glided down from the stars.” The
motion is over and the end of the journey reached, i.e., the result
of motion is clearlv expressed.
A few examples will justify the heading “After verbs of
implied motion.” In A. V. 43, socios litore ab omni advocat
6o THE PLAN AND SCOPE
Aeneas, advocat could hardly be called a verb of motion, but in
meaning it really differs little from “he leads” his men to the
place of assembly. This implies that “he goes'' followed by his
men, so advocat may be said to imply motion. Much the same
meaning is expressed by ciet in agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris, A. X.
I98. “Ocnus rouses a band from his native shores'' means, of
course, that “he leads” them to the war, and implies motion.
Demittere, for example, is not a motion verb of itself, but it clearly
implies motion. Vid. A. I. 297, genitum demittit ab alto. Much
like this is reicere in a flumine reice, E. III. 96.
Moreover, “to draw one's voice deep from his breast” implies
motion on the part of the voice or the air which produces the
sound. Vid. imo trahens a pectore vocem, A. I. 37I. Est is cer-
iainly not often a verb of motion, but in the sentence fragor est a
turbine, Cu. 318, being reinforced by fragor, “there is a crash, a
noise,'' est seems not to differ much from venit. Vid. A. VIII. 524,
ab aethere fulgor cum sonitu venit. So est may here be said to
imply motion.
In A. IV. 656, poemas inimico a fratre recepi, of course the
Latin point of view is not the same as the English, but Dido
speaks of “taking punishment from her brother.” “To take”
implies motion.
With this cf. restitui in Cu. 224, restitui leti limine ab ipso, “I
restored them,” “I took them back,'' which is much the same as
“I led them back.” This in turn suggests a comparison with A.
IV. 375, socios a morte reduxi, and we see that, so far as the idea
of motion is concerned, recepi, restitui and reduxi differ little.
Therefore, recepi belongs to this class.
This class is also well illustrated by the two following ex-
amples: Lycia comitantur ab alta, A. X. I26, and manus comi-
tctur ab oris Aeneam, A. X. I64, for “to accompany'' means “to
go along with.” Two other good examples are: pacem Troiano
ab rege petendum, A. XI. 23o, and custodem in vincla petivit
ipsius a solio regis, traxitque trementem, A. VI. 396. Clearly in
Vergil's mind petere was at least a verb of implied motion, for it
is here followed not only by a solio but by in vincla. Any verb
that can be followed by in, vincla, the acc., must denote motion, or
1mply motion. Then, too, traarit is followed by a solio just as
clearly as petivit is and fra.vit undoubtedly implies motion. More-
over, “to seek” is equivalent “to go in search of.”
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 6I
In the examples given under the heading “After verbs of
metaphorical motion,'' we can hardly say that there is any real
motion. Many of the examples are like this: ab conclamat mole
Caicus, A. IX. 35, “he shouts down from,'' where the only motion
takes place in the sound waves, but this is certainly a kind of
motion. Other similar examples are the following: Nereis ab
unda signa dabat, Cu. 345, and Aeneas puppi sic fatur ab alta,
A. VIII. II 5. So, too, “going back to the beginning and telling
the story from that point” expresses some sort of motion:
repetens ab origine pergam, A. I. 372.
Finally, in A. I. 235, hinc fore ductores revocato a sanguine,
“fore ductores,” “there would be leaders" means that “leaders
would cone,” but “to come” followed by a sanguine can denote
motion only in a figurative sense. Therefore, “metaphorical
motion” seems to apply very well to these examples, though all
of them might have been classed in some other way.
The classification “After verbs containing a compound idea
of rest and motion” is well illustrated by absint terga lacerti
pinguibus a stabulis, G. IV. I4, “let all lizards be far away from
the bee-hives.” The lizards are to be driven to a distance (mo-
tion) and then kept there (rest). The ordinary logical classi-
fication is simpler than this, making a special paragraph for
“esse” and another for “abesse.” A second example in which
the idea is very similar to the one above is Ca. III.* 8, asper aut
rubus a meo sint remota sacello.
In teneram ab radice ferens cupressum, G. I. 2o, ferre with
ab radice seems also to express both ideas of rest and motion.
That ab radice can be used after a verb implying motion is seen
in G. I. 319, segetem ab radicibus expulsam.
Finally, in a mento palearia pendent, G. III. 53, “the dewlaps
hang down from the chin,'' there seems to be some idea of motion
in pendere, “to hang down,” “to drop down,'' and also an idea of
rest is certainly prominent. That pendere does contain an idea
of motion we can see by comparing A. VIII. 46o, demissa ab laeva
pantherae terga. Pendet a is practically equivalent to demissa
CSt a,
Under slightly different names all the lexicons have the classi-
fications “Adnominal qualifier of a substantive,” “After adjectives”
and “After adverbs.” In the adnominal qualifiers of a substan-
tive, I have distinguished between those cases in which the sub-
stantive is expressed and those in which it is not. In case the
62 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
substantive is expressed, the Latin construction resembles the
Greek ö éke£ ávijp. For instance, in ab ovilibus imbuet agnus, E.
I. 8, the verb has, of course, no power to produce an a, but the
meaning is “a lamb from my folds.” So, tOO, a fontibus undae
calcentur means “vvater from the springs,” G. II. 243.
The “Adnominal qualifier of a substantive understood'' re-
sembles the Greek expression ö ékeí [ävjp]. In ab rupe Cyclopas
prospicio, A. III. 647, the meaning is “I from a cliff,” “from my
position on the cliff.” That is, ab rupe modifies the unexpressed
subject of prospicio. Achemenides is hiding behind the rocks
while the Cyclopes are tending their flocks in the plain below. A
different modification is shown by de in E. I. 76, pendere procul
de rupe videbo, where Meliboeus speaks of himself as lying in a
green cave and watching his goats as they hang from a bushy
crag. Another gOOd example of this class is poteram ab terra
comtingere ramos, E. VIII. 4o, “I from the ground was hardly
able to reach the boughs.” Ab terra cannot go with any verb or
moun expressed, but it must modify the subject of posse.
A very good short essay on ab in Vergil is given by Wagner
in the fourth volume of the Heyne-Wagner edition, page 387.
I quote the first twelve lines: “Ab ante consonas apud Virgilium
non legitur, nisi quum ea Præpositio locum et originem indicat
idemque valet, quod Græcum άτό. Numquam autem Passivis ab
1ungitur ita, ut sit δτό. Quare erret, qui Aen. II, 429. ex Burm.
Exc. edendum statuat: “Confixi ab sociis.” Sed ne tum quidem,
quum illa Præpositio Græcæ árò vim sustinet, semper abs scribitur;
requirit enim ea non solum certas quasdam consonas, sed etiam
vocabula. Itaque non solet ab ante alias consonas apud Virgilium
scribi, quam ante I, L, R, S et T, neque ante alia vocabula, quam
haec, quæ appositurus sum: Iove Ecl. III, 60. G. III, 35. Aen.
I, 38o. VI, I23 ; litore G. III, 33. Aen. III, 536, hoc quidem loco
Medic. a. m. sec., ibid. 639. XII, 787.”
In conclusion I would say that in this article I have ex-
perienced all the difficulty described by Meusel in his preface,
which is quoted above on page I4. After working for several
days On the classification and arrangement of the examples, I
seemed to have them arranged in a fairly satisfactory way. After
putting them aside for One day, I returned to them and I found
it necessary, as I saw the matter then, tO make many changes.
I was now pretty well satisfied that the verbs were properly
classified. Then for nearly four weeks I was unable to look at
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 63
the cards or to think about them. At the end of that time I
took up the cards again, and again I was compelled to change
the positions of many examples. Finally, after writing out the
article I felt obliged to make a few more changes.
The arrangement given above represents my opinion as to
the classification at present; but, if I ever have occasion to revise
the article, I am confident that I shall feel obliged to change a
good many examples from “real motion'' to “implied motion,''
or from “metaphorical motion'' to “adnominal qualifier of a sub-
stantive expressed.” .•
Two quotations from Delbrück on classification are pertinent
here. On p. I5I of his Vergleich. Syntax, II., he says: “Die
erste lässt sich dahin zusammenfassen, dass man oft nicht sagen
kann, ob eine Präposition in der Zusammensetzung noch etwas
von ihrer ursprünglichen räumlichen Bedeutung bewahrt, oder ob
sie bereits völlig zu einem Zeichen der Perfektivierung der Hand-
lung geworden ist.” Again, in the discussion of Mourek's classi-
fication of the Gothic verbal compounds with ga- on p. I59 he
says: “Natürlich kann man an dieser Eintheilung, wie an allen
Eintheilungen, etwas aussetzen, namentlich auch die Frage auf-
werfen, ob nicht unter den angeführten Belegen manche sind, die
besser schon als perfektivisch bezeichnet werden. Ich gehe in-
dessen darauf nicht ein, weil nach dem was oben S. I47ff. bei lat.
com bemerkt worden ist eine Entscheidung nach objektiven Kri-
tcrien nicht möglich ist.”
The chart, with the principal words in the prepositional phrases
arranged On the left and the words on which the phrases depend
classified at the top, is intended to show at a glance just where
the substantives in the phrases and the verbs, substantives, ad-
jectives, or adverbs on which the phrases depend cross. There-
fore, it will show at a glance the meaning of ab in each particular
phrase. A figure On the chart indicates how many times the two
words cross.
AMNIS, a stream, a river, the current. (62).
I. Form: amnis, G. I. II 5, III. 522, IV. 293, 373, A. II. 496,
VI. 55o, 659, VII. 465, 516, 7oI, VIII. 64, 24o, IX. 124, XI. 4o5;
amnis, G. IV. 3I9, A. VII. 728i, X. I99, 806; amni, A.
II. Amnis. XI. 3I6; amnem, E. V. 25, G. I. I4I, III. 37, IV. 362,
A. III. 694, VI. 318, 374, 7o5, VII. 792, VIII. 58, 204,
236, 597, IX. 245, XI. 562, XII. 417; amni, G. I. 2o3, III. 447, A.
64 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
VIII. 473, 549, IX. 469i, 790f, XI. 457 (amne), Cu. 24of, Co. I5
(amne); amnes, G. I. 479, II. I87, 485, III. 428, 554, A. IV. I64,
V. 807, XII. 524, Cu. 278i, 28If, D. 69; amnibus, A. VIII. 7I ;
amnis, G. IV. 233, A. V. 634i, VI. 67I, XI. 298; amnes, G. III. 2;
amnibus, A. IX. 3o.
- Sing. E1u.
N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab. N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab.
Ecl. I
Geo. 4 I 3 2 5 I I
Aen. IO 3 I I2 5 3 I 3 I
Min. 2 3
Tota1 I4 4 I I6 9 II I 4 I I
II. Metric: In 24 instances amnis is found in various parts
of the verse, while it forms the sixth foot 38 times. In every place
where amnis stands in the sixth foot, metrical considerations would
prevent the use of flumen or rivus.
III. Usage: ©*
A. Sing. I. Nom. a. Subj. :
ambio:
respicit Aeneas: subito et sub rupe sinistra
moenia lata videt, triplici circumdata muro,
quæ rapidus flammis ambit torrentibus amnis,
Tartareus Phlegethon. A. VI. 55o.
audio:
audiit et Triviae longe lacus, audiiti amnis
sulpurea Nar albus aqua fontesque Velini. A. VII. 516.
CunCtOr :
obstipuere animisi Rutulit, conterritus ipse
turbatisf Messapus equis, cunctatur et amnis
rauca sonans revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto.
A. IX. I24.
discurro:
quaque pharetratae vicinia Persidis urguet,
et viridem Aegyptum nigra fecundat harena,
et diversa ruens septem discurrit in orai
usqueî coloratis amnis devexus ab Indis,
omnis in haci certami regio iaciti arte salutem. G. IV. 293.
effluo:
spectabat
et gemina auratus taurino cornua voltu
Eridanus, quo non alius per pinguia culta
in mare purpureum violentior effluit amnis. G. IV. 373.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON.
65
€X€O :
præsertim incertis si mensibus amnis abundans
exit. G. I. II5.
non sic, aggeribus ruptis cum spumeus amnis
exit oppositasque evicit gurgite moles. A. II. 496.
exubero:
furit intus aquaif
fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis,
nec iam se capit unda, volat vapor ater ad auras.
furo: vid. e.vubero.
fugio:
nunc et Myrmidonum proceres Phyrgia arma tremescunt, .
A. VII. 465.
amnis et Hadriacas retro fugit Aufidus undas. A. XI. 4o5.
peto:
noni umbræ altorum memorum, non mollia possunt
prata movere animum, non qui per saxa volutus
purior electro campum petit amnis. G. III. 522.
refluo:
inde repente
impulit, impulsu quo maximus intonati æther,
dissultant ripæ refluitque exterritus amnis. A. VIII. 24o.
SO11O : ę
ceu quondam nivei liquida inter flumina
<P mubila MR and edd. > cycni,
cum sese e pastu referunt et longa canoros
dant per colla modos, sonat amnis et Asia longe
volvo:
conspicit ecce alios
inter odoratum lauri nemus, unde superne
pulsa palus. A. VII. 7oI.
plurimus Eridani per silvam volvitur amnis. A. VI. 659.
[3. Im app.:
ego sum, pleno quem flumine cernis
cæruleus Thybris, cælo gratissimus amnis. A. VIII. 64.
2. Gem. a. Depend. om moum:
pastor Aristæus fugiens Peneia Tempe
amissis, ut fama, apibus morboque fameque
tristis ad extremi sacrumf caput adstitit amnis
multa querens atque hac adfatus voce parentem. G. IV. 319.
66 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris,
fatidicæ Mantus et Tusci filius amnis. A. X. I99.
ac velut effusa siquando grandine nimbi
præcipitant . . . . tuta latet arcei viator,
aut amnis ripis, aut alti fornice saxi,
dum pluvit in terris. A. X. 8O6.
ß. In app.:
- quos de collibus altis
Aurunci misere patresi, Sidicinaque iuxta
æquora quique Cales lincunt, amnisfque vadosi
accola Volturni, pariterque Saticulus asper
Oscorumque manus. A. VII. 728.
3. Dat.:
est anticus ager Tusco mihi proximus amni,
longus in Occasum. A. XI. 3I6.
4. Acc. a. In app.:
Alpheumi fama est huc Elidis amnem
occultas egisse vias supter mare. A. III. 694.
� ę [3. Obj. of verbs and particip.:
asp1c1o:
tu Stygias inhumatus aquas amnemque severum
Eumenidum aspicies ripamve iniussus adibis? A. VI. 374.
cognosco:
vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem
venatu adsiduo et totum cognovimus amnem. A. IX. 245.
fundo:
et custos virginis Argus,
caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus urna. A. VII. 792.
inficio:
hoc fusum labris splendentibusi amnem
inficiti occulte medicans. A. XII. 4I7.
1ibo:
nulla nequei amnem
libavit quadrupes, nec graminis attigit herbamf.
E. V. 25.
metuO :
Invidia infelix furias amnemque severum
Cocyti metuens <P metuet MR Rb. in crit ed. &
«• Other edd.>
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 67
tortosque Ixionis anguisi
immanemque rotam et non exsuperabile saxum. G. III. 37.
prænato:
interea videt Aeneas ę
Lethæumque domos placidas qui prænatat amnem.
A. VI. 7o5.
supersum:
ipse ego te ripis et rectOi flumine ducam,
adversum remis superes subvectus ut amnem. A. VIII. 58.
teneO :
Alcides aderat taurosque hac victor agebat
ingentis, vallemque boves amnemque tenebant. A. VIII. 2o4.
verbero:
atque alius latum funda iam verberat amnem,
alta petens. G. I. I4I.
5. With prep.:
ad :
'dic' ait, “o virgo, quid volt concursus ad amnem?
quidve petunt animæ? A. VI. 318.
1m :
hanc, ut prona iugo lævom incumbebat in < Rb. ad
Others> amnem,
dexter in adversum nitens concussit et imis
avolsam solvit radicibus. A. VIII. 236.
prope:
est ingens gelidum lucus prope Caeritis amnem,
religione patrum late sacer. A. VIII. 597.
sub:
atf illum
curvata in montis faciemi circumstetiti unda
accepitque sinu vasto misitque sub amnem. G. IV. 362.
super:
sonuere undæ, rapidum super amnem
infelix fugit in iaculo stridente Camilla. A. XI. 562.
© 5. Abl. a. After verbs:
Cingo:
Aeneadæ duri murorum int parte sinistra
opposuere aciem (nam dextera cingitur amnii). A. IX. 469.
Turnus paulatim excedere pugna
et fluvium petere ac partem, quæ cingitur unda
<MPR and edd. amni 3 cursives>
A. IX. 79O.
68 THE PLAN AND Scope
ciaudo:
hinc Tusco claudimur amni,
hinc Rutulus premit et murum circumsonati armisi.
A. VIII. 473.
defluo:
dulcibus idcirco fluviis pecus Omne magistri
perfundunt, udisque aries in gurgite villis -
mersatur missusque secundo defluit amni. G. III. 447.
pars cetera prona -
fertur aqua segnisque secundo defluit amni, -
nuntia ventura Ascanio rerumque patrisque. A. VIII. 549.
do sonitum:
' haut secus atque alto in luco cum forte catervæ
consedere avium piscosove amne Padusae
dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni. A. XI. 457.
CXStO :
ad Stygias revocatus aquas vix ultimus amnif
extatf nectareas divom qui prodidit escas. Cu. 24O.
rapio:
atque illumi præceps prono rapit alveus amni. G. I. 2o3.
[3. With prep.:
etf quaei virgineo libata Achelois ab amne
liliai vimineisi attulit in calathis. Co. I5.
B. Plu. I. Nom. subj.:
C111*1^O :
aut ubi decursu rapido de montibus altis
dant sonitum spumosi amnes et in æquora currunt.
A. XII. 524.
do: vid. curro.
gemo:
milia multa daretf leto, gemerentque repleti
amnes, nec reperire viam atque <meque P> evolvere posset
in mare se Xanthus. A. V. 807.
incurro: •
incurrant amnes passim rimantibusf undis. D. 69.
liquor:
et fertilis ubere campus
(qualem sæpe cava montis convalle solemus
dispiceref; hoci summis liquuntur rupibus amnes
felicemque trahunt limum). G. II. I87.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 69
placeo: -
rura mihi et riguit placeant in vallibus amnes,
flumina amem silvasque inglorius. G. II. 485.
rumpo:
esti etiam ille malus Calabris in saltibus anguis, .
qui, dum amnes ulli rumpuntur fontibus et dum
vere madent udo terræ aci pluvialibus austris,
stagna colit. G. III. 428.
ruo: .
tecta metu petiere ; ruunt de montibus amnes. A. IV. I64.
sisto: pecudesque locutæ,
(infandum !) sistunt amnes terræque dehiscunt. G. I. 479.
SO11O .
balatu pecorum et crebris mugitibus amnes
arentesfque sonant, ripæ collesque supinii. G. III. 554.
StO :
iam rapidi steterant amnesf et turba ferarum
blandaî voce sequax regionem insederati Orphei. Cu. 278.
iamque imam viridit radicemi moverat alte
quercus humo steteranti amnesi silvæque sonoraei
sponte sua cantus rapiebanti cortice avara. Cu. 28I.
2. Dat.:
nymphæ, Laurentes nymphæ, genus amnibus undesti,
tuque, o Thybri tuo genitor cum flumine sancto,
accipite Aenean. A. VIII. 7I.
3. Acc. obj. :
1T1O1rOr ;
Ceu saxa morantur
cum rapidosi amnis, fit clauso gurgite murmur
vicinaeque fremunt ripæ crepitantibus undis. A. XI. 298.
repello:
bis gravidos cogunt fetust, duo tempora messis:
Taugete simul os terris ostendit honestum
Pleas et Oceani spretos pede reppulit amnis. G. IV. 233.
transnO: *
illius ergo
venimus et magnos erebi transnavimusî amnis. A. VI. 67I.
video:
nusquamf
Hectoreos amnisf Xanthum et Simoënta videbo? A. V. 634.
4.
7o THE PLAN AND SCOPE
4. Voc. :
Te quoque, magna Pales, et te memorande canemus
pastor ab Amphryso, vos, silvæ amnesque Lycaei. G. III. 2.
5. Abl.:
ceu septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus
per tacitum Ganges aut pingui flumine Nilus
cum refluit campis et iam se condidit alveo. A. IX. 3o.
IV. Modifiers; a. Gen. (8):
aquaif, A. VII. 465; Cæritis, A. VIII. 597;
Cocyti, G. III. 37; Elidis, A. III. 694; erebi, A. VI. 67I ; Eridani,
A. VI. 659; Eumenidum, A. VI. 374; Padusae, A. XI. 457.
ß. Adj. (33):
abundans, G. I. II 5; adversus, A. VIII.
58; Alpheusi, A. III. 694; Aufidus, A. XI. 405; extremus, G.
IV. '3I9; fumidus, A. VII. 465; gelidus, A. VIII. 597; gratus,
A. VIII. 64; Hectoreus, A. V. 634; lævus, A. VIII. 236; latus,
G. I. I4I ; Lethæus, A. VI. 7o5; Lycaeus, G. III. 2; magnus,
A. VI. 67I ; multus, A. VI. 659; piscosus, A. XI. 457; pronus,
G. I. 2O3 ; purus, G. III. 522 ; rapidus, A. VI. 55o, XI. 298Í,
562, Cu. 278; repletus, A. V. 807; riguusf, G. II. 485; secundus,
G. III. 447, A. VIII. 549; sedatus, A. IX. 3o; severus, G. III.
37, A. VI. 374; spretus, G. IV. 233; spumeus, A. II. 496;
spumosus, A. XII. 524; totus, A. IX. 245; Tuscus, A. VIII.
473, X. I99, XI. 3I6; ullus, G. III. 428; vadosus, A. VII. 728;
violens, G. IV. 373; virgineus, Co. I 5.
FLUMEN, a river, a stream, water, current, tears. (92).
I. Form: fluminis, G. I. 245, IV. 333, A. III. 389, VI. 7I4,
VII. 33, 2OI, X. 833; flumen, A. VII. 7I4, IX. 4I4, 8I4; flumine,
E. III. 96, G. I. 2OI, II. I47, I99, III. 36o, IV. 288,
III. Flumen. 527, A. I. 465, II. 305, 7I9, V. 38, VII. 430, 663,
VIII. 57, 62, 69, 72, 6IO, IX. 3I, XI. 449, 495, XII.
749; flumina, E. V. 2I, 84, VII. 52, VIII. 4, G. I. 3Io, 326, III.
254, 3IO, 530, A. IV. 250, V. 684, VI. 7I I, Ci. 233, D. 65;
fluminibus, A. XII. I39, D. 64; flumina, E. I. 51, V. 25, VI. 64,
VII. 56, IX. 40, X. I8, G. II. II, I 57, 486, III. I8, I44, I8o,
2I3, 270, 543, IV. 54, 278, 36o, 366, 383, 427, 457, A. VI. 8,
298, 369, 388, VII. I38, 699i, VIII. 713, IX. IO4, 585, 6o3, 679,
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 71
X. I I3, XI. 659, XII. 33 I, 518, Ci. II3, 326f, Ca. IX. (XI) 52,
D. I3; flumina, D. 67; fluminibus, G. II. I IO, A. XI. 273.
Sing. Plural.
N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab. N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab.
Ecl. I 4. 6
Geo. 2 6 5 I6 I
Aen. 5 3 I5 3 I I5 I
Min. 2 I 4 I
Total 7 3 22 I4 2 4I I 2
II. Metric: Only once does a form of this word occur in
the sixth foot. Cf. amnis and rivus. Thirteen times it is found
as the first word in the verse, while it stands in the fifth foot
sixty-seven times. Ten times the word occurs in the fourth foot
and the remaining example is in the second and third feet.
Cf. fluvius, amnis, and rivus.
Of course the four examples of fluminibus could hardly stand
in the fifth foot.
III. Usage:
A. Sing. I. Gem. depend. om moums:
alveus:
variæ circumque supraque
adsuetae ripis volucres et fluminis alveo
æthera mulcebant cantu lucoque volabant. A. VII. 33.
1T1OS :
maxumus hic flexu sinuoso elabitur anguis
circum perque duas in morem fluminis arctos. G. I. 245.
ripa :
sive errore viae seu tempestatibus acti .
fluminis intrastis ripas portuque sedetis,
ne fugite hospitium nevef ignorate Latinos
Saturni gentem. A. VII. 2OI.
thalamus :
at mater sonitum thalamo sub fluminis alti
sensit. G. IV. 333.
unda:
cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam
litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus
triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebiti. A. III. 389.
tum pater Anchises “animæ, quibus altera fato
corpora debentur, Lethaei ad fluminis undam
securos latices et longa oblivia potant. A. VI. 7I4.
72.
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam
volnera siceabat lymphis corpusque levabat
arboris adclinis trunco. A. X. 833.
2. Acc. obj. of verbs amd particip.:
ago:
/ tum toto corpore sudor
liquitur et piceum (nec respirare potestas)
flumen agit. A. IX. 8I4.
colo:
Casperiamque colunt Forulosque et flumen Himellæ,
qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt. A. VII. 7I4.
VOmO :
volvitur ille vomens calidum de pectore flumen
frigidus et longis singultibus ilia pulsati. A. IX. 4I4.
3. Abl. a. After adj.:
inclusus:
inclusum veluti siquando flumine nanctus
cervom aut puniceæ sæptum formidine pinnæ
venator cursu canis et latratibus instat. A. XII. 749.
rapidus:
rapidusi montano flumine torrens
sternit agros. • A. II. 3o5.
SecretuS :
/
natumque in valle reducta
ut procul egelidoi secretum flumine vidit. A. VIII. 6IO.
stagnans:
nam qua Pellaei gens fortunata Canopi
accolit effuso stagnantem flumine Nilum
et circum pictis vehitur sua rura phaselis .
omnis in hac certam regio iacit arte salutem. G. IV. 288.
[3. After verbs and particip.:
abluo:
tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque penatis;
me, bello e tanto digressum et cæde recenti,
attrectare nefas, donec met flumine vivo
abluero. - A. II. 719.
concipio:
Occurrit Acestes, .
Troïa Criniso conceptum flumine mater
quem genuit. A. V. 38.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON, 73
consido:
quare age et armari pubem portisque moveri
lætus in arva < Peerlk. arma mss.> iubet, et
Phrygios qui flumine pulchro
consedere duces pictasque exure carinas. A. VII. 43o.
duco:
ipse ego te ripis et rectoi flumine ducam,
adversum remis superes subvectus ut amnem. A. VIII. 57.
pasco :
sin armenta magis studium vitulosque tueri
ę petito longinqua Tarenti,
et qualem infelix amisit Mantua campum
pascentem niveos herboso flumine cycnos. G. II. I99.
perfundo: [Italy]
hinc albi, Clitumnei, greges et maxima taurus
victima, sæpe tuo perfusi flumine sacro,
Romanos ad templa deum duxere triumphos. G. II. I47.
liber ecus
aut adsuetus aquæ perfundi flumine noto,
emicat arrectisque fremit cervicibus. A. XI. 495.
refero: -
tumf quoque marmorea caput a cervice revolsum
gurgite cum medioi portans Oeagrius Hebrus
volveret, Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua
a ! miseram Eurydicen anima fugiente vocabat,
Eurydicen toto referebant flumine ripæ. G. IV. 527.
refluo: •
ceu septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus
per tacitum Ganges aut pingui flumine Nilus
cum refluit campis et iam se condidit alveo. A. IX. 3I.
stringo: o
ego sum, pleno quem flumine cernis
stringentem ripas et pinguiai culta secantem,
cæruleus Thybris, cælo gratissimus amnis. A. VIII. 62.
subigo:
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum
remigiis subigit. G. I. 2OI.
un1ectO :
sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani
multa gemens, largoque umectat flumine voltum. A. I. 465.
74 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
5. With prep.:
nuntius . . . magnisque urbem terroribus implet,
instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros
Tyrrhenamque manum totis descendere campis. A. XI. 449.
Tityre, pascentes a flumine reice capellas. E. III. 96.
C11111 .
nymphæ, Laurentes nymphæ, genus amnibus undefst,
tuque, o Thybri tuo genitor cum flumine sancto,
accipite Aenean. A. VIII. 72.
de:
surgit et ætherii spectans orientia solis
lumina rite cavis undam de flumine palmis
sustinet. A. VIII. 69.
in : [in the far north]
concrescunt subitæ currenti in flumine crustæ,
undaque iam tergo ferratos sustinet orbis,
puppibus illa prius, patulis nunc hospita plaustris. G. III. 36o.
Geryone extincto Tirynthius attigit arva
Tyrrhenoque boves in flumine lavit Hiberas. A. VII. 663.
B. Plu. I. Nom. subj. :
CreSCO :
diluit; implentur fossæ et cava flumina crescunt
cum sonitu. * G. I. 326.
C111TO :
hic tantum Boreæ curamus frigora, quantum
aut numerum lupus aut torrentia flumina ripast. E. VII. 52.
decurro:
nam neque me tantum venientis sibilus austri
nec percussa iuvant fluctu tam litora, nec quæ
saxosas inter decurrunt flumina valles. E. V. 84.
111a11O .
hincf largi copia lactis;
quami magis exhausto spumaverit uberet mulctra,
læta magis pressis manabunt fluminaj mammis. G. III. 3Io.
præcipito:
nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento
præcipitant senis [of Atlas]. A. IV. 25o.
prosum:
udo sub robore vivit
stuppa vomens tardum fumum, lentusque carinas
est vapor, et toto descendit corpore pestis,
nec vires heroum infusaque flumina prosunt. A. V. 684.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 75
requiesco: tempore . . . . .
quo rapidos etiam requiescunt flumina cursus? Ci. 233.
et mutata suos requierunt flumina cursusi. E. VIII. 4.
retardo:
ac neque eos iam frena virum neque verbera sæva,
non scopuli rupesque cavæ atque obiecta retardant
flumina correptosque unda torquentia montis. G. III. 254.
S11111 . -
extinctum nymphae crudeli funere Daphnim
flebant (vos corylii testes et flumina nymphis). E. V. 2I.
frondibus et victu pascuntur simplicis herbæ,
pocula sunt fontes liquidi atque exercita cursu
flumina, nec somnos abrumpit cura salubris. G. III. 53o.
horrescit visu subito causasque requirit
inscius Aeneas, quæ sint ea flumina porro,
quive viri tanto complerint agmine ripas. A. VI. 7I I.
nam tibi sunt fontes, tibi semper flumina amica. D. 65.
trudo:
cum nix alta iacet, glaciem quomi flumina trudunt. G. I. 3Io.
- 2. Dat. after verbs:
præsideo:
extemplo Turni sic est adfata sororem
diva deam, stagnis quæ fluminibusque sonoris
præsidet. A. XII. I39.
trado:
si minus hæc, Neptune, tuasi infundimus aurisf,
Battare, fluminibus tu nostros trade dolores. D. 64.
3. Acc. a. Subj. :
discedo: •
[Cyrene] simul alta iubet discedere late
flumina, qua iuvenis gressus inferret. G. IV. 36o.
[3. Obj. of verbs and particip.:
addo:
adde tot egregias urbes operumque laborem,
tot congesta manu præruptis oppida saxis
fluminaque antiquos supter labentia muros. G. II. I 57.
adeo: [Messala is on his campaigns]
nam quid ego inmensi memorem studia istat laboris ? .
nunc celeres Afros, periuraef milia gentis,
aurea nunc rapidi flumina adire Tagi? Ca. IX. (XI.) 52.
76 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
21T1O :
rura mihi et riguif placeant in vallibus amnes,
flumina amem silvasque inglorius. / G. II. 486.
coquo: •.
arebamt herbæ, et cava flumina siccis
faucibus ad limum radii tepefacta coquebant. G. IV. 427.
fugio:
hanc urbem .
fecerat infestam populatorf remige Minos,
hospito quodi set Nisii Polyidosi avitoi
Carpathium fugiens et flumina Cærateai
teXerat. Ci. II3.
inno:
/ neque enim, credo, sine numine divom
flumina tanta paras Stygiamque innare paludem. A. VI. 369.
libo: [the bees]
purpureosque metunt flores et flumina libant
summa leves. G. IV. 54.
nmOnStrO :
pars densa ferarum
tecta rapit silvas inventaque flumina monstrat. A. VI. 8.
parturio: -
nec fecunda .
semina parturianti segetes, non pascua colles .
ipsæ non silvæ frondes, non flumina montes. D. I3.
praelabor:
sin ad bella magis studium turmasque ferocis,
aut Alphea rotis praelabi flumina Pisae .
primus equii labor est animos atque arma videre
bellantum lituosque pati tractuque gementem
ferre rotam et stabulo frenos audire sonantis. G. III. I8o.
precor:
Tellurem nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur
flumina, tum Noctem Noctisfque orientia signa .
invocat. A. VII. 138.
pulso:
quales Thraeiciæ cum flumina Thermodontis
pulsant et pictis bellantur Amazones armis. A. XI. 659.
SerVO :
simul ipsa precatur
Oceanumque patrem rerum nymphasque sorores,
centum quæ silvasi, centum quæ flumina servant. G. IV. 383.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 77
portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat
terribili squalore Charon. A. VI. 298.
specto:
et ingenti motu stupefactus aquarum
omnia sub magna labentia flumina terra
spectabat diversa locis, Phasimque Lycumque
et caput, unde altus primumi se erumpiti Enipeus,
unde pater Tiberinus, et unde Aniena fluenta
saxosusque sonans Hypanis Mysusque Caicus,
et gemina auratus taurino cornua voltui
Eridanus, quo non alius per pinguia culta
in mare purpureum violentior effluit amnis. G. IV. 366.
teneO :
namque aliæ nullis hominum cogentibus ipsæ
sponte sua veniunt camposque et flumina late
Curva tenent. G. II. II.
tranO :
illas ducit amor trans Gargara transque sonantem
Ascanium ; superant montis et flumina tranant. G. III. 27o.
video:
at si formOnsus Alexis
montibus his abeati, videas et flumina sicca. E. VII. 56.
v. With prep.:
ad :
primus Idumæas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius . ę
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illif victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in Ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus. G. III. I8.
non ulli pastos illis egere diebus
frigida, Daphni, boves ad flumina. E. V. 25.
durum af stirpe genus natos ad flumina primum
deferimus. A. IX. 6o3.
tum canit, errantem Permessi ad flumina Gallum -
Aonasi in montis ut duxeriti una sororum. E. VI. 64.
et formonsus ovis ad flumina pavit Adonis. E. X. I8.
quisque es, armatus qui nostra ad flumina tendis,
fare age, quid venias. A. VI. 388.
78
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
apud :
qualis aput gelidi cum flumina concitus Hebri
sanguineus Mavors clupeo increpati. A. XII. 33 I.
circum :
in :
quales aëriae liquentia flumina circum,
sive Padi ripis Athesim seu propter amoenum,
consurgunt geminæ quercus. A. IX. 679.
stabat in egregiis Arcentis filius armis,
. genitor quem miserat Arcens,
eductum Martis < MPR and Rb. matris Others> luco
Symæthiai circum
flumina. A. IX. 585.
hic ver purpureum, varios hic flumina circum
fundit humus flores. E. IX. 4O.
piscosæ cui circum flumina Lernæ
ars fuerat. A. XII. 518.
iam maris immensi prolem et genus omne natantumf
litore in extremo ceu naufraga corpora fluctus
proluit; insolitae fugiunt in flumina phocæ. G. III. 543.
illam inter cædes pallentem morte futura
fecerat Ignipotens undis et iapyge ferri, -
contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum
pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem
cæruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos.
A. VIII. 7I3.
inter:
per:
ibant æquati numero regemque canebant,
ceu quondam nivei liquida inter flumina <P and
Rb. nubila MR and edd. > cycni,
cum sese e pastu referunt. A. VII. 699.
hic inter flumina nota
et fontis sacros frigus captabis opacum. E. I. 5I.
dixerat idque ratum Stygii per flumina fratris,
per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas
adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. A. IX. IO4.
Stygii per flumina fratris,
per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas
adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. A. X. II3.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 79
illa quidem, dumf te fugeret per flumina præceps,
immanem ante pedes hydrum moritura puella
servantem ripas alta non vidit in herba. G. IV. 457.
saeva <sacra Others> precor per lumina <Scaliger
flumina mss.> tei Ilithyiaei,
nei tantumi facinus tam nullai mente sequarisi. Ci. 326.
prope : [the amellus]
tonsis in vallibus illum
pastores et curva legunt propef flumina Mellaef. G. IV. 278.
secundum: [the mares]
saltibus in vacuis pascunt et plena secundum
flumina, muscus ubi et viridissima graminet ripa,
speluncaeque tegant et saxea procubetf umbra. G. III. I44.
tranS :
atque ideo tauros procul atque in sola relegant
pascua post montem oppositum et trans flumina lataf,
aut intus clausos satura ad præsæpia servant. G. III. 2I3.
4. Voc. :
flectite currentis lymphasf, vaga flumina, retro
flectite. D. 67.
5. Abl. Zwith verbs:
nec vero terrae ferre omnes omnia possunt.
fluminibus salices crassisque paludibus alni
nascuntur, steriles saxosis montibus orni. G. II. I Io.
et socii amissii petierunt æthera pinnis
fluminibusque vagantur aves. A. XI. 273.
IV. Modifiers; a. Gem. (8):
Hebri, A. XII. 33I ; Himellæ, A. VII. 7I4; Lernæ, A. XII.
518; Mellæ, G. IV. 278; Permessi, E. VI. 64; Pisæ, G. III.
I80; Stygii fratris, A. IX. IO4, X. I I 3; Thermodontis, A. XI.
659.
ß. Adj. (48) :
adversum, G. I. 2oI ; Alpheum, G. III.
I8o; altum, G. IV. 333, 359; amicum, D. 65; Caerateum, Ci. I I3;
calidum, A. IX. 4I4; cavum, G. I. 326, IV. 427; centum, G.
IV. 383; currens, G. III. 36o; curvum, G. II. I2, IV. 278;
egelidumf, A. VIII. 6IO; frigidum, E. V. 25; gelidumf, A. VIII.
6IO; herbosum, G. II. I99; id, A. VI. 7I I ; ignotum, A. VII.
I37; inventum, A. VI. 8; lætum, G. III. 3Io; largum, A. I.
8o THE PLAN AND SCOPE
465; latebrosum, A. VIII. 713; latum, G. III. 213; Lethæum,
A. VI. 714; liquens, A. IX. 679; liquidum, A. VII. 699; mon-
tanum, A. II. 3o5; nostrum, A. VI. 388; notum, E. I. 5 I, A.
XI. 495; omne, G. IV. 366; piceum, A. IX. 813; pingue, A.
IX. 3I ; plenum, G. III. I43, A. VIII. 62; pulchrum, A. VII.
43o; rectumf, A. VIII. 57; sacrum, G. II. 147, Ci. 326i; sævumf,
Ci. 326; sanctum, A. VIII. 72; secretum, A. III. 389; siccum,
E. VII. 56; sonorum, A. XII. I39; summum, G. IV. 55;
Symæthium, A. IX. 584; tantum, A. VI. 369; Tiberinum, A. X.
833, XI. 449; torrens, E. VII. 52; totum, G. IV. 527; Tyrrhenum,
A. VII. 663; vivum, A. II. 7I9; vagum, D. 67.
RIVUS, a brook, a stream, a rivulet, vater. (24).
I. Form: rivus, G. IV. I9, Co. I2 ; rivi, Cu. 57i ; rivo, E.
VIII. IOI ; rivum, E. VIII. 87, A. III. 35o, Cu. 39o; rivo,
E. V. 47; rivi, L. I8; rivos, E. III. I II, G. I.
IV. Rivus. IO6, 260, II. I65, A. IX. 456, XI. 668, M. 7I ;
rivis, E. X. 29, G. I. I32, IV. I2O, A. V. 2oo,
VI. 674f, VII. 683, VIII. 445, Cu. I49.
Sing. Plural.
N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab. N. G. D. Ac. V, Ab,
Ec1. I I I I I
Geo. I 3 2
Aen. I 2 4
Min. I I I I I
Tota1 2 I I 3 I 7 8
II. Mefric:
Ten of the twenty-four examples are found in the sixth foot.
Of the remaining I4, five cases are in the last half of the second
and in the first half of the third feet, while five Others are similarly
divided between the third and fourth feet. This leaves only four
forms that are found in other parts of the verse.
III. Usage:
A. Sing. I. Nom. subj. :
adsum: [for the bees]
at liquidi fontes et stagna virentia musco
adsint et tenuis fugiens per gramina rivos. G. IV. I9.
S11111 . •
estf crepitansi rauco murmure rivus aquæ. CO. I2.
OF A VERGIl LEXICON. • 8I
2. Gem. depend. on moum:
imminet inf rivii, præstantisi imaginisi undamf. Cu. 57.
3. Dat.:
fer cineres, Amarylli, foras rivoque fluenti
transque caput iace. E. VIII. IoI.
4. Acc. a. Obj. :
adgnosco:
Pergama et arentem Xanthi cognomine rivom
adgnosco. A. III. 35o.
[3. With prep.:
· cum fessa iuvencum
per nemora atque altos quærendo bOcula lucos
propter aquæ rivom viridi procumbiti in ulvaf. E. VIII. 87.
rivum propteri aquæ viridi sub frondet latentem
conformare locum capit impiger. Cu. 39O.
5. Abl.:
tale tuum nobis carmen, divine pOeta,
. quale per æstum p.
dulcis aquæ saliente sitim restinguere rivo. E. V. 47.
B. Plu. I. Nom. subj.:
tardo:
gaudebunt silvæ, gaudebunt mollia prata,
tardabunt rivi labentes curreret lymphæi
et gelidi fontes. L. I8.
2. Acc. a. Obj. of verbs and particip.:
claudo: -
claudite iam rivos, pueri: sat prata biberunt. E. III. III.
deduco:
quippe etiam festis quædam exercere diebus
fas et iura sinunt: rivos deducerei nulla
religio vetuit, segeti praetendere saepem. G. I. 269.
induco:
deinde satis fluvium inducit rivosque sequentisÍ. G. I. IO6.
ostendo: - [Italy]
hæc eadem argenti rivos ærisque metalla
Ostendit venis atque auro plurima fluxit. G. II. I65.
82 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
summitto:
norat et. occultae committere semina terrae
vicinosque aptei curvansi summittere rivos. M. 7I.
VOÍTTO :
sanguinis ille vomens rivos cadit atque cruentam
mandit humum moriensque suo se in volnere versat.
A. XI. 668.
ρ. With prep.:
ingens concursus ad ipsa
corpora seminecisque viros tepidafque recentemi
caede locum et plenosi spumantii sanguine rivos. A. IX. 456.
3. Abl. a. After verbs and particip.:
fluo:
tum creber anhelitus artus
aridaque ora quatit, sudor fuit undique rivis. A. V. 2OO.
fluit æs rivis aurique metallum,
volnificusque chalypsi vasta fornace liquescit. A. VIII. 445.
gaudeo: C2l11e1re1 m .
quoque modo potis gauderent intiba rivis
et virides apio ripae, tortusque per herbam
cresceret in ventrem cucumis. G. IV. I2o.
reprimo: [Jupiter]
et passim rivis currentia vina repressit. G. I. I32.
SaturO :
Amor non talia curat:
nec lacrimis crudelis Amor nec gramina rivisi
nec cytiso saturantur apes. E. X. 29.
SO1] O :
his suberati gelidis manans e fontibus unda,
quæ levibus placidum rivis sonat actai liquorumf. Cu. I49.
[3. After adj.:
lucis habitamus opacis
riparumque toros et prata recentia rivisi
incolimus. A. VI. 674.
quique altum Præneste viri quique arva Gabinae
Iunonis gelidumque Anienem et roscida rivis
Hernica saxa colunt, quos dives Anagnia pascit,
quos, Amasene pater. A. VII. 683.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 83
IV. Modifiers; a. Gem. (5):
aquæ, E. V. 47, VIII. 87, Cu. 39O, CO. I2;
argenti, G. II. I65; lymphae, L. 18; sanguinis, A. XI. 668;
Xanthi, A. III. 35o.
[3. Adj. (II):
arens, A. III. 35o ; crepitans, Co. I2 ;
fluens, E. VIII. IOI ; labens, L. I8; levis, Cu. I49; plenus, A. IX.
456; potus, G. IV. I2O ; saliens, E. V. 47; sequens, G. I. IO6;
tenuis, G. IV. I 9; vicinus, M. 7I.
THE VERGILIAN USE OF THE WORDS FOR “RIvER.'
V. Conspectus. a. Distribution over cases and numbers.
Plumen: amnis: fluvius: rivus: Total
Nom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O I4 2 2 I8
Gen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 I I I3
Dat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O I 4 I 6
Acc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I6 I I 3 33
Voc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O O O O O
Abl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 9 6 I 38
Total . . . . . . . .ç © © © © © © 32 44 24 8 IO8
Nom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 I I. 2 I 28
Gen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O O 2 O 2
Dat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 I I O 4
Acc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4I 4 6 7 58
Voc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I O O 2
Abl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 I 2 8 I3
Total .............. 6O I8 I3 I6 Io7
Total of both numbers ... 92 62 37 24 2I5
The favorite word for the fifth foot is naturally
3. Metrical flumen (cf. gramen), while that for the sixth
çonsiae, Aetohs, foot is amnis, with rivus second. In the middle of
the verse fluvius is much more common than any
other word.
A conspectus like the one just given may be interest-
ing, because it shows at a glance how Vergil uses the
various cases of a group of synonyms. It seems of
some importance to discover that the poet uses the abl. sing.
of flumem much oftener than the abl. sing. of all the other words,
while in the abl. plu. rivus is oftener used. Nearly half of the
examples of flumen are in the acc. pl. Flumem and rivus are
84 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
used about twice as often in the pl. as in the sing., while ammis
and fluvius are used about twice as often in the sing. Other
comparisons may be made. *
Again, this conspectus shows one use that may be made of
other articles in the lexicon. I believe that a long and valuable
article for a periodical could be made by drawing up a similar
comspectus for videre and its many synonyms and then making
the observations that suggest themselves. But in our lexicon
there is no place for such a comspectus.
Rivus is placed out of alphabetical order for the purpose of
bringing together all four of the words meaning 'river,' 'brook,'
“stream.' T
GRAMEN, grass, an herb, a plain (as covered with grass). (25).
I. Form: graminis, E. V. 26; gramen, G. IV. 63i, A. IX.
353; gramine, E. V. 46, G. II. 219, 525, III. I44i, A. III. 537,
XII. 664, Cu. 69, M. 96i ; gramina, E. X. 29,
vI. Gramen. G. I. 56, II. 2OO, III. 325, A. XII. 4I5, Cu. 47;
gramina, G. III. I74, IV. I9, A. II. 47I, VI.
684, VII. 655, 809, Cu. 5o, Ci. 3OO.
Sing. Plural.
N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab. N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab,
Ecl. I I I
Geo. I 3 3 2
Aen. I 2 I 4
Min. 2 I 2
Total I 2 8 6 8
II. Metric: Of the 25 examples of gramen only two are not
dactyls. Of the 23 dactylic forms, I7 are in the fifth foot.
Graminis, the only example of the gen., forms the fourth foot
in E. V. 26. Of the other dactylic forms not in the fifth foot,
three occupy the first foot, while two are in the fourth foot in
Ci. 3OO, and E. V. 46.
III. Usage:
A. Simg. I. Gem. depend. om.subst.:
nulla nequef amnem
libavit quadrupes, nec graminis attigit herbamf. E. V. 26.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 85
2. Acc. obj. :
aspergO : ·
¢ huc tu tusos <Rb. iussos mss. and edd. >
asperge sapores,
trita melisphylla et cerinthæ ignobile grameni,
tinnitusque cie et Matris quate cymbala circum. G. IV. 63.
carpo: ibi ignem
deficere extremum et religatosf rite videbat
carpere gramen equos. A. IX. 353.
3. Abl. a. With verbs and particip.:
prosterno: ati pectore puro
sæpe super tenero prosternit gramine corpus,
florida cumi tellus, gemmantis picta per herbas,
vere notatf dulcif distincta coloribusi arva. Cu. 69.
SerVO : e
servatum in gramine < mss. germine
edd. > bulbum
tinguit aqua lapidisque cavum dimittit in orbem. M. 96.
vestio: [the soil]
quæque suo semper viridii se gramine vestit,
nec scabie etf salsa lædit robigine ferrum :
illa tibi lætis intexeti vitibus ulmos. G. II. 2I9.
[3. With adj.:
[the mares]
saltibus in vacuis pascunt et plena secundum
flumina, muscus ubi et viridissima graminef ripai,
speluncaeque tegant et saxea procubeti umbra. G. III. I44.
¥. With prep.:
11) :
tu currum deserto in gramine versas. A. XII. 664.
pinguesque in gramine læto
inter se adversis luctantur cornibus hædi. G. II. 525.
tale tuum nobis carmen, divine poeta,
quale sopor fessis <lassis R> in gramine. E. V. 46.
quattuor hic, primum omen, equos in gramine vidi
tondentes campum late. A. III. 537.
Ca11eO : B. Plu. I. Nom. subj. :
luciferit primo cum sidere frigida rura
carpamus, dum mane novom, dum gramina canent,
et ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba. G. III. 325.
86 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
desum :
sin armenta magis studium vitulosque tueri .
petito longinqua Tarenti,
et qualem infelix amisit Mantua campum
pascentem niveos herboso flumine cycnos:
non liquidi gregibus fontes, non gramina deruntf. G. II. 2OO.
SaturO :
nec lacrimis crudelis Amor nec gramina rivisi
nec cytiso saturantur apes nec fronde capellæ. E. X. 29.
[sunt]
hic Venus, indigno nati concussa dolore,
dictamnumf genetrix Cretaeaf carpitf ab Ida,
puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem
purpureo (non illa feris incognita capris
gramina, cum tergo volucres hæsere sagittæ) :
hoc Venus . . . detulit. A. XII. 4I5.
velo:
propulit ei stabulis ad pabulaf notai capellas
pastor et excelsi montis iuga summa petivit,
lucidaï qua patulos velabant gramina colles. Cu. 47.
viresco:
hici segetes, illici veniunt felicius uvae,
arborei fetus alibi, atque iniussa virescunt
gramina. G. I. 56.
2. Acc. a. Obj. :
carpo:
interea pubi indomitæ non gramina tantum
nec vescas salicum frondes ulvamique palustrem,
sed frumenta manu carpes sata. G. III. I74.
pascor:
qualis ubi in lucem coluber mala gramina pastus, .
lubrica convolvitf sublato pectore terga. A. II. 47I.
tondeo:
vagantes
tondebantf tenero viridantia gramina morsu. Cu. 5o.
[3. With prep.:
ad :
Dictæas ageres ad gramina nota capellas. Ci. 3OO.
per:
at liquidi fontes et stagna virentia musco
adsint et tenuis fugiens per gramina rivos. G. IV. I9.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 87
post hos insignem palmaf per gramina currum
victoresque ostentat equos satus Hercule pulchro
pulcher Aventinus. A. VII. 655.
isque ubi tendentem adversum per gramina vidit
Aenean, alacris palmas utrasque tetendit. A. VI. 684.
illa vel intactæ segetis per summa volaret
gramina nec teneras cursu læsisset aristas. A. VII. 809.
IV. Modifiers; a. Gen.:
cerinthæ, G. IV. 63.
[3. Adj. (II) :
desertum, A. XII. 664; ignobile, G. IV. 63;
lætum, G. II. 525; lucidumf, Cu. 47; malum, A. II. 47I ; notum,
Ci. 3oo; roridumf, Cu. 47; summum, A. VII. 8o8; tenerum, Cu.
69; viridans, Cu. 5o; viridef, G. II. 2I9.
HERBA, grass, weeds, an herb, herbage, hay, a blade. (78).
I. Form: herba, E. IV. 24, VII. 57, G. IV. 272, Cu. 4O4;
herbæ, G. III. 216, 498, 528, A. V. 388f; herbam, E. V. 26f,
G. I. I34, I55f, II. 527, III. 295, IV. I2I, A. I. 2I4,
VII. Herba. III. 236, V. IO2, VI. 656, VII. IO9, IX. I64, 3I6f;
herba, E. VII. 45; herba, E. III. 93, VI. 59f, VIII.
I 5, G. I. II2, III. 326, IV. 459, Cu. I I 5, L. 66; herbæ, .G I. 69f,
I80, II. 4I I, III. 353, IV. 402, 427, A. III. I42, 65o, IV. 5I4,
VII. 758, Cu. 88f, I68f, Ca. III.* 7t; herbarum, E. VIII. 2, A.
XII. 396; herbas, E. II. II, VI. 54, VIII. 95, G. I. 90,
II. I29, 25 I, III. I26, I62, 283, 395, 436, 465, IV. I2, A. III. 22I,
IV. 404, V. 33o, Cu. 7o, Ci. 37O, M. 99; herbis E. II. 49, VII. 4I,
IX. I9f, G. I. IO7, 339i, II. I85, III. 494, IV. 2OO, A. VII. I9,
769, XII. 4o2f, Cu. I 59, M. 63, IO6f.
Sing. Plural.
N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab. N. G. D. Ac. V. Ab.
Ecl. 2 I I 3 I 3 3
Geo. I 3 5 3 6 IO 5
Aen. I 7 4 I 3 3
Min. I , 2 3 3 3
Total 4 4 O I3 I 8 I3 2 O I9 O I4
II. Metric: Of the 78 examples of herba, 55 are found in
the sixth foot. Of the other 23 forms, two (herbarum) could
not stand in the sixth foot. The remaining forms occur in various
places, but only Once as a part of the fifth foot. Cf. gramem.
88 THE PI.AN AND SCOPE
Every example of per herbam or per herbas stands at the end
of the verse, and there are I4 of them. In addition to these cases
after per, there are also I3 examples in which this word occurs
after other prepositions, and in each of these, too, the noun,
herba, herbas, or herbis, stands in the sixth foot. In only three
instances the preposition does not stand directly before its noun,
two of these being a nearly repeated verse, E. VIII. I 5 and G.
III. 326.
III. Usage:
A. Sing. I. Nom. a. Subj. :
est: hic est et Sparticaî myrtus
atque hyacinthos et hic Cilici crocusi editus arvoi, ,^ •
laurus item Phoebi surgens decus, hic rhododaphne
liliaque et rorisf non avia cura marini
herbaque turis opes priscis imitata Sabinai
chrysanthusfque hederæque nitor pallente corymbo
et bocchusf Libyæ regis memor. Cu. 404.
occido:
occidet et serpens, et fallax herba veneni
occidet. E. IV. 24.
sitio:
aret ager; vitio moriens sitit aëris herba. E. VII. 57.
[3. Im app.:
est etiam flos in pratis, cui nomen amelloi
fecere agricolæ, facilis quærentibus herba. G. IV. 272.
2. Gem. a. Depend. om verb:
carpit enim viris paulatim uritque videndo
femina, nec nemorum patitur meminisse nequet herbæ.
G. III. 2I6.
[3. Depemd. om subst.:
hic gravis Entellum dictis castigat Acestes,
proximus ut viridante toro consederat herbaef. A. V. 388.
frondibus et victu pascuntur simplicis herbæ,
pocula sunt fontes liquidi. . G. III. 528.
5y. Depend. om adj. :
labitur infelix studiorum atque immemor herbæ
victor equos fontisque avertitur et pede terram
crebra ferit. G. III. 498.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 89
3. Acc. a. Obj. :
attingo: nulla nequei amnem
libavit quadrupes, nec graminis attigit herbam
< hcrba, R>. - E. V. 26.
carpO :
incipiens stabulis edico in mollibus herbam
carpere ovis, dum mox frondosa reducitur æstas. G. III. 295.
insector:
infelix lolium et stiriles dominantur avenæ.
quod nisi et adsiduis herbam < tcrram R> insectabere
rastris,
et sonitu terrebis aves . ç è ©
heu magnum alterius frustra spectabis acervom. G. I. I55.
quæro:
ut . . . . sulcis frumenti quæreret herbam. G. I. I34.
[3. With prep. amd after verbs and particip.:
per:
conspicit ecce alios dextra lævaque per herbam
vescentis lætumque choro paeana canentist
inter odoratum lauri nemus. A. VI. 656.
Ca11e1re111 . ę ę
quoque modo potis gauderent intiba rivis
et virides apio ripæi, tortusque per herbam
cresceret in ventrem cucumis. G. IV. I2I.
haut secus ac iussi faciunt, tectosque per herbam
disponunt enses et scuta latentia condunt. A. III. 236.
ipse dies agitat festos fususque per herbam .
te libansi, Lenaee, vocati. G. II. 527.
tum victu revocant vires fusique per herbam
implentur veteris bacchi pinquisque ferinæ. A. I. 2I4.
ordine aëna locant alii fusique per herbam
subiciunt veribus prunas et viscera torrent. A. V. Io2.
discurrunt variantque vices fusique per herbam
indulgent vino et vertunt crateras aënos. A. IX. I64.
passim somno vinoque per herbamf
corpora fusa vident. A. IX. 3I6.
instituuntque dapes et adorea liba per herbam
subiciunt epulis. A. VII. IO9.
4. Voc. :
NMuscosi fontes et somno mollior herba, .
solstitium pecori defendite. E. VII. 45.
9O THE PLAN AND SCOPE
5. Abl. a. With verbs and particip.:
forsitan illum
aut herbaf captum viridi aut armenta secutum
perducant aliquæ stabula ad Gortynia vaccæ. E. VI. 59.
[3. With prep.:
111 .
illa quidem, dum < mon P> te fugeret per flumina præceps,
immanem ante pedes hydrum moritura puella
servantem ripas alta non vidit in herba. G. IV. 459.
cum ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba. E. VIII. I 5.
luciferii primo cum sidere frigida rura
carpamus, dum mane novom, dum gramina canent,
et ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba. G. III. 326.
luxuriem segetum tenera depascit in herba. G. I. II2.
et mecumf teneraf gavisai est læderet in herba
purpureos flores, quosi insuper accumbebat, ¢
bracchiai formosof supponens Cypriai collo? L. 66.
hic etiam viridi ludentes panes in herba
et satyrii dryadesque chorosi egere puellæt
naiadum coetu. Cu. II5.
frigidus, O pueri, fugite hinc, latet anguis in herba. E. III. 93.
B. Plu. I. Nom. subj.:
adsum:
ille colit lucos, illi Panchaia tura
floribus agrestes herbæi variantibus adsuntf. Cu. 87.
appareo: [in the far north]
illic clausa tenent stabulis armenta, nequet ullae
aut herbæ campo apparent aut arbore frondes. G. III. 353.
a reO :
arebant herbæ, et cava flumina siccis
faucibus ad limum radii tepefacta coquebant. G. IV. 427.
tum steriles exurere Sirius agros,
arebant herbæ et victum segesi ægra negabat. A. III. I42.
iuvo:
neque eum iuvere inf volnerat cantus
somniferi et Marsis quæsitæi montibus herbæ. A. VII. 758.
mollio:
mollibanti herbæ <Rb. in crit. ed. arte or aurae mss. and
Rb. in text ed. > venientisí adí omniai nisusf.
Cu. I68.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 9 I '
obduco:
bis vitibus ingruit umbra,
bis segetem densis obducuntf sentibus herbæ;
durus uterque labor: laudato ingentia rura,
exiguum colito. G. II. 4I I.
officio:
officiant lætisf ne frugibus herbæi. G. I. 69.
posco:
victum infelicem, bacas lapidosaque corna,
dant rami, et volsis pascunt radicibus herbæ. A. III. 65o.
quæro:
falcibus et messae ad lunam quærunturf aënisi
pubentes herbæ nigri cum lacte veneni. A. IV. 5I4.
femOVeO :
alter assiduaf colensi diligentia ut herbaet
asperi auti rubusf a meo sintf remota sacello,
alter parva manuf ferens semperi munera larga. Ca. III.* 7.
sitio:
medios cum sol accenderiti æstus,
cum sitiunt herbæ et pecori iam gratior umbrast. G. IV. 4o2.
subeo: [to injure the threshing floor]
ne subeant herbæ. G. I. I8o.
2. Gem. a. Depend. on subst.:
ille ut depositi proferret fata parentis,
scire potestates herbarum usumque medendi
maluit. A. XII. 396.
ß. Depend. om 'adj.:
immemor herbarumf quos est mirata iuvenca
certantis. E. VIII. 2.
3. Acc. a. Obj. of verbs amd particip.:
alo: [tellus]
umida maioris herbas alit, ipsaque iusto
lætior. G. II. 25I.
atterO :
errans bocula campof
decutiat rorem et surgentis atterat herbas. G. IV. I2.
carpo: [of sheep]
quam procul autt mollit succedere sæpius umbræ
videris auti summas carpentemf ignaviusf herbas
extremamque sequi aut medio procumberet campo
92 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
•-*
pascentem et seræi solam decedere nocti,
continuo culpam ferro compesce. G. III. 465.
contundo:
Thestylis et rapido fessis messoribus æstu
d alia serpullumque herbas contundit olentis. E. II. II.
O .
has herbas atque hæc Ponto mihi lectaf venena
ipse dedit Moerisi. E. VIII. 95.
fero:
at cui lactis amor, cytisum lotosque frequentis
ipsei manu salsasque ferat præsepibus herbas. G. III. 395.
incendo:
narcissum casiamque herbas incenditf olentes. Ci. 37o.
ingero:
hisi salis inspargiti micas, sale durus adesoi
caseus adicituri, dictas super ingeriti herbas,
et læva vestemi saetosa sub inguinai fulcit. M. 98.
madefacio:
levi cum sanguine Nisus
labitur infelix, cæsis ut forte iuvencis
fusus humum viridisque super madefecerat herbas. A. V. 33o.
misceo: SaeV2e nOVerC2e . ¢
miscueruntque herbas et non innoxia verba. G. II. I29.
hippomanes, quod sæpe malae legere novercæ
miscueruntque herbas et non innoxia verba. G. III. 283.
rumino:
ille latusf niveum molli fultus hyacintho
ilice sub nigra pallentis ruminat herbas -»
<herbis R>. E. VI. 54.
SeCO : [for the stallion]
florentisque secant herbas fluviosque ministrant
farraque, ne blando nequeati superesse labori
invalidique patrum referant ieiuniai nati. G. III. I26.
ę [3. With prep.:
11m : »
saepe etiam steriles incendere profuit agros .
seu plures calor ille vias et cæca relaxat
spiramenta, novas veniat qua sucus in herbas. G. I. 9o.
per:
it nigrum campis agmen prædamque per herbas
convectant calle angusto. A. IV. 404.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. - 93
A·
net mihi tumi mollis sub divoi carpere somnos
neu dorso nemoris libeat iacuisse per herbas,
cum positis novus exuviis nitidusque iuventa
volvitur. - G. III. 436.
cetera pascuntur viridis armenta per herbas. G. III. I62.
ati pectore puro
sæpe super tenero prosternit gramine corpus,
florida cumi tellus, gemmantis picta per herbas,
vere notati dulcif distincta coloribusf arva. Cu. 7o.
læta boum passim campis armenta videmus
caprigenumque pecus nullo custode per herbas. A. III. 22I.
4. Abl. a. With, verbs amd particip.:
cum exustus ager morientibus æstuat herbis,
ecce supercilio clivosi tramitis undam
elicitf ? G. I. IO7.
formæ magnorum ululare luporum,
quos hominum ex facie dea saeva potentibus herbis
induerat Circe in voltus ac terga ferarum. A. VII. I9.
tum casia atque aliis intexens suavibus herbis
mollia luteola pingit vaccinia calta. E. II. 49.
Hippolytum . . . . ad sidera rursus
ætheria et superas cæli venisse sub auras,
Pæoniisi revocatum herbis et amore Dianæ. A.VII. 769.
quis humum florentibus herbisf
spargeret aut viridi fontes induceret umbra? E. IX. I9.
ille retortot
Pæoniumf in morem senior succinctus amictu
multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbisi
nequiquam trepidat. A. XII. 402.
ß. With adj. :
immo ego Sardoniis videar tibi amarior herbis,
horridior rusco. E. VII. 4I.
hortus erat iunctus casulæ, . . . . . •
exiguus spatio, variis sed fertilis herbis. M. 63.
at quæ pinguis humus dulcique uligine læta,
quique frequens herbis et fertilis ubere campus .
hic tibi prævalidas olim multofque fluentis
sufficiet baccho vitis. G. II. I85.
94 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
5. With prep.:
ab:
color est ei pluribus unus,
nec de lacte nitens, quia tot variatur abi herbisf. M. IO6.
e : [the bees]
verum ipsæi e foliis natos, e <sed R> suavibus herbis
ore legunt. G. IV. 2OO.
in : pastOr . . . . . »
anxius insidiis nullis, sed lentus in herbis
securo pressusi somno mandaveratf artus. Cu. I59.
Ίhinc lætis vituli volgo moriuntur in herbis
et dulcis animas plena ad præsepia reddunt. G. III. 494.
in primis venerare deos, atque annua magnae
sacra refer Cereri lætis operatus in herbisi
extremæ sub casum hiemis, iam vere sereno. G. I. 339.
IV. Modifiers; a. Gen.:
frumenti, G. I. I 34; graminis, E. V. 26; Phoebi, A. XII. 4o2.
ß. Adj. (23) :
agrestis, Cu. 88; alta, G. IV. 459; facilis, G. IV. 272 ; fallax,
E. IV. 24; florens, E. IX. I9, G. III. I26; gemmans, Cu. 7o;
læta, G. I. 339, III. 494; magna, G. II. 25I ; mollis, E. VII.
45; olens, E. II. II, Ci. 370; Pæonia, A. VII. 769; pallens, E.
VI. 54; potens, A. VII. I9, XII. 402 ; Sabinai, Cu. 404; salsa,
G. III. 395; Sardonia, E. VII. 4I ; simplex, G. III. 528; suavis,
E. II. 49, G. IV. 2OO; supera, G. III. 465; tenera, E. VIII.
I5, G. I. II2, III. 326, L. 66; ulla, G. III. 352; varia, M. 63;
viridis, E. VI. 59, G. III. I62, A. V. 3oo, Cu. II 5.
GRATUs, pleasing, acceptable, dear, delightful. (27).
I. Form: Gratus, A. X. 392; grata, M. 55, 76, Ci. 297, Cu. 4I,
23O; gratumf, Cu. 66; grati, A. XI. 2I7; gratæ, Cu. 76; grata,
A. VIII. 283; gratior (masc.), G. III. 2II ; gratior
VIII. Gratus. (fem.), E. VI. II, G. IV. 4o2, A. V. 28, 344; gratis-
simus, E. VIII. I 5, G. III. 326, A. VIII. 64, IX.
327 ; gratissima (fem.), A. II. 269, III. 73, V. I28, X. I 58, 6o7,
XII. I425, Ci. 473; gratissima (neut.), Cu. 94.
II. Mefric :
Every example of the superlative of gratus is the last word
but one in the verse. The superlative is used twelve times.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 95
III. Usage:
A. Positive. I. With promoum:
nos vero hæc patriam grati referemus ad urbem
et te, siqua viam dederit fortuna, Latino
iungemus regi. A. XI. I27.
2. VVith, moums:
capellæ : om
illi sunt gratae rorantes lacte capellæ
et nemus et fecunda Pales et vallibus intust
semper opaca novis manantia fontibus antra. Cu. 76.
Ceres:
verum aliam sibi quæriti opem, neu sola palato
sit nonf grata ceres, quas iungat comparat escas. M. 55.
dona:
instaurant epulas et mensæ grata secundæ
dona ferunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras. A. VIII. 283.
errOr :
vos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in agrisf,
Daucia, Laride Thymberque, simillima proles,
indiscreta suis gratusque parentibus error. A. X. 392.
requies:
hic siseri et nomen capiti debentiat porraf, .
grataque nobilium requies lactuca ciborum,
. crescit. M. 76.
tOreuma :
necf fulgor in ulla
cognitus utilitate maneti nec pocula gratumi
Alconisf referentf Boethifque toreuma. Cu. 66.
virgo:
atque utinam celerif nei tantum grata Dianæ
Gnosia neuf Parthoi contendens spicula cornu
venatus esses virgo sectata virorum !
Dictaeas ageres ad gramina nota capellasf. Ci. 297.
vita:
et tibi sede pia maneat locus, et tibi sospes
debita felicis memoreturf vita per annos,
grata bonis lucens. Cu. 4I.
voluntas:
poena siti exitium, modo siti dumi grata voluntas,
existat par officium. Cu. 23O.
96 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
B. Compar. with moums:
pagina:
nec Phoebo gratior ullast,
quam sibi quæ Vari præscripsit pagina nomen. E. VI. II.
tellus:
an sit mihi gratior ulla,
quove magis fessas optem demitteret navis,
quam quæ Dardanium tellus mihi servat Acestem ? A. V. 28.
umbra:
medios cum sol accenderiti æstus,
cum sitiunt herbæ et pecori iam gratior umbrast. G. IV. 402.
11S11S .
sed non ulla magis viris industria firmat,
quam Venerem et cæci stimulos avertere amoris
sive bovom sive est quoii gratior usus equorum. G. III. 2II.
virtus:
tutatur favor Euryalum lacrimæque decorae
gratior et pulchro veniens in corpore virtus. A. V. 344.
C. Superl. with nouns:
amnis:
ego sum, pleno quem flumine cernis .
cæruleus Thybris, cælo gratissimus amnis. A. VIII. 64.
augur:
rex idem et regi Turno gratissimus augur. A. IX. 327.
coniunx: «
Iunonem interea compellat Iuppiter ultro:
'o germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx.' A. X. 6o7.
Delos:
liquitur ante alias longe gratissima Delos
Nereidum matri et Neptuno Aegaeo. Ci. 473.
Ida:
imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris. A. X. I 58.
nympha:
nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima
<M carissima PR > nostro. A. XII. I42.
quies: •
tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus ægris
incipit et dono divom gratissima serpit. A. II. 269.
1TOS :
cum ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba. E. VIII. I 5.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. 97
luciferii primo cum sidere frigida rura
carpamus, dum mane novom, dum gramina canent,
et ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba. G. III. 326.
statio:
tranquillo silet immotaque attolitur unda
campus et apricis statio gratissima mergis. A. V. I28.
tellus : •
sacra mari colitur medio gratissima tellus
Nereidum matri et Neptuno Aegaeo. A. III. 73.
Tempe: •
O pecudes, O panes et o gratissima tempe
fontisi hamadryadumi. Cu. 94.
Gratus is out of its alphabetical order, so that gramen, and
herba may be given side by side in this specimen of the lexicon.
SCINDO, to cut, tear, split, cleave, divide, separate, rend, break up,
plough. (2o).
I. Form: Scindit, G. IV. 42o, A. I. I6I, 587, VIII. I42,
XII. 87o; scindimus, G. I. 5o; scindebat, A. VII. 5Io; scinde-
*-. bant, G. I. I44; scindere, G. III. I6O, A. IX.
IX. Scindere, I46, XI. I 37; scindens, A. X. 765; scinditur, A.
including II. 39, VI. I82; scissa (fem.), A. IX. 478; scissa,
Proscindere. A. VIII. 702, XII. 609; scissumi, Ca. XIII. (V.)
39; scissa (neut.), M. 36; scindendum, G. II. 399.
II. Usage:
A. With simple object:
æquor:
Q. atf prius ignotum ferro quam scindimus æquor. G. I. 5o.
cedrum:
ferro sonat alta bipenni
fraxinus, evertunt actas ad sidera pinus,
robora nec cuneis et olentem scindere cedrum
nec plaustris cessant vectare gementibus ornos. A. XI. I37.
crinis:
atf procul ut Dirae stridorem adgnovit et alas,
infelix crinis scindit Iuturna solutos,
unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis. A. XII. 87o.
lignum :
nam primi cuneis scindebant fissile lignum. G. I. I44.
98 THE PLAN AND SCOPE /
quercum : vocat agmina Tyrrhus,
quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte coactis
scindebati, rapta spirans immane securi. A. VII. 5 Io.
terram : -
post partum cura in vitulos traducitur omnis,
continuoque notas et nomina gentis inurunt,
et quos aut pecori malint summittere habendo
aut aris servare sacros aut scindere terram
et campum horrentem fractis invertere glaebis. G. III. I6o.
vallum: » • [vallum
“sic < Rb. sed mss. & edd.> vos, o lecti, ferro quif scindere
apparat et mecum invadit trepidantia castra'. A. XI. 146.
viam:
quam magnus Orion,
cum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei
stagna viam scindens, umero supereminet undas. A. X. 765.
E. JVith refle Ar. :
est specus ingens
exesi latere in montis, quo plurima vento
cogitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos,
deprensis olim statio tutissima nautis. G. IV. 42o.
quibus Omnis ab alto
frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos. A. I. I6I.
vix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente
scindit se nubes et in æthera purgat apertum. A. I. 587.
sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno. A. VIII. I42.
robur: C. Pass. with subj. mom.:
sonat icta securibus ilex
fraxineaeque trabes cuneis et fissile robur
scinditur. A. VI. I82.
solum :
namque omne quotannis
terque quaterque solum scindendum glaebaque versis
æternum frangenda bidentibus. G. II. 399.
trabes: vid. robur.
volgus:
scinditur incertum studia in contraria volgus. A. II. 39.
ç D. Particip.: Λ
SC1SS2 .
evolat infelix et femineo ululatu,
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. , ®* * 99
scissa comam, muros amens atque agmina cursu
prima petit.
scissum :
videbo habentemi præterí ignavos nihil
fratres et iratum Iovem
scissumfque ventremi et herniosif patrui
pedes inediat turgidos.
A. IX. 478.
• Ca. XIII. (V.) 39.
SC1SS3 . <a
sævit medio in certamine Mavors
cælatus ferro tristesque ex æthere Diraei,
et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla. A. VIII. 7o2.
it scissa veste Latinus,
coniugis attonitus fatis urbisque ruina. A. XII. 6o9.
scissa: -*
continuis rimis calcanea scissa rigebant. M. 36.
II. Modifiers; a. Adv.:
repente, A. I. 586; terque quaterque, G. II. 399.
[3. Imstru. abl.:
cuneis, G. I. I44, A. VI. I8I, VII. 5o9, XI.
I 37; ferro, G. I. 5o, A. IX. I46.
PROSCINDO, to plough, to break up.
sin in sua posse negabunt
ire loca et scrobibus superabit terra repletis,
spissus ager: glaebisi cunctantis crassaque terga
expectaf et validis terram proscinde iuvencis. G. II. 237.
iuvat arva . . ę ę .
et qui, proscisso quæ suscitat æquore terga,
rursus in obliquom verso perrumpit aratro. G. I. 97.
Ecl. Geo. Aen. Mim. Total.
X. Videre. VIDEO, 25 33 2I4 24 296
- ACTIVE
Indicative Subjunctive
Pres. Imp. Fut. Perf. Plu. Fut. Pf. Pres. Imp. Perf. Plut.
ISt 5 6 26 I.
2d 2I 8 2 2 6
3d 27 4 4 28 I 3 3 I
ISt 7 8
2d 4 I
I5 (-ere). *
3d 7 2 I 4 (-erunt). I (—203)
;
v,
*¤
-
?
;
:
;
»
I OO THE PLAN AND SCOPE
�s
;
Infimifive : Participles:
Pres. 8 Pres. Future
IPerf. 6 Sing P1. Sing. Pl. ,
Nom. 3 I Nom. I I
Dat. I •
Acc. 2 (— 34)
Gerund: Supine:
Gen. I Abl. 9
Abl. I Total, 237.
PASSIVE
Indicative Subjunctive
Pres. Imp. Fut. Perf. Plu. Fut. Pf. IPres. Imp. Perf. Plu.
ISt 3 3 I I
2d
6 (masc.)
3d 2 I I I 3 (fem.)
5 (neut.)
ISt I
2d
I (masc.)
3d 4 I (fem.) (— 47)
4 (neut.)
Infinitive: Participles:
Pres. 8 Mas. Fem. Neut.
Gerundive: Nom. I
Fem. acc. I Acc. I
Abl. I (— I2)
Total, 59.
VIDEO, to see; to be seem, to appear, to seem, to sce111 best, to seem
good.
I. Form.: Video, A. III. 26, IX. 2o, X. 674, XII. I49, Cu.
2I6i ; vides, E. X. 48, G. I. 56, III. IO3, 25o, A. I. 338, 583,
II. 609, III. 316, IV. 4I6, VI. 323, 760, 779, VIII. II7, 356,
IX. 2IO, 739, XI. I79, XII. 33, Ci. 268, Ca. II.* 3, XII. (IV.) 4;
videt, E. V. 57, VII. 8, G. I. 243, A. I. I 28, 3o8i, 456, 5Io,
III. 5I8, IV. 83, 469, V. 612, VI. 454, 549, 7o3, VII. 89, 290, 374,
IX. 396, 555, X. 652, XII. 2, 86I, 9I8, Cu. I74, Ci. I82, 47I, L.
4; videmus, G. I. 45 I, II. 32, A. III. 220, 522, 584, 655, XI. 349;
videtis, A. II. 35o, III. 497, XI. 309, Ca. X. (VIII.) I ; vident,
A. II. 485, VI. I63, VIII. 99, 529, IX. 317, 780, XII. 408;
videbat, A. I. 466, VI. 86o, IX. 352, 639; videbant, A. II. I25,
VIII. 36o; videbo, E. I. 76, A. V. 634, X. 67I, XII. 63, Ca.
XIII. (V.) 22i, 37; videbis, G. I. 365, 455, A. IV. 49o, 566, VI.
873, XI. 53, XII. 679, 839; videbit, E. IV. I 5, A. II. 579, XI.
394, XII. 645i ; videbunt, A. VII. IOI ; vidi, E. I. 42, II. 25,
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. IOI
III. I7, VIII. 38, 4I, 99, G. I. I93, I97, 3I8, A. II. 5, 347, 499,
5OI, 56I, 746, III. 537, 623, 626, IV. 358, 655, VI. 582, 585, XII.
638, Cu. 227f, Ci. 43o, 534; vidisti, E. III. I4, A. IX. 269; vidit,
G. II. 502, IV. 459, 5o2, A. II. 507, 519, III. 307, 596, IV.
453, 587, VI. 495i, 684, VIII. 6IO, IX. 549, X. 365, 44I, 454, 72I,
790, 82 I, XI. 40, 263, 854, 909, XII. 222, 324, 446, Cu. 2OI, Ci.
8o; vidimus, E. X. 26, G. I. 472, A. I. 584, II. 643, III. 567,
IX. 244, XI. 243, 367; vidistis, A. I. 322; videre, E. VI. I4,
IX. 54, G. I. 49O, A. VI. 49O, VIII. IO7, 222, IX. 683, X. 573,
XI. 892, XII. 447, 937, Cu. 3o5 (bis), 3O9f, Ci. 5 IO; viderunt, A.
IX. I44, X. I39, XI. I47, XII. 542; videris, G. III. 465, IV. 4I4;
viderit, A. I. 265; videas, E. VII. 56, G. I. 387; videat, G. III.
476, A. I. I82, IV. 617; viderem, A. XI. 27o; videres, E. VI.
27f, A. IV. 4IO, VIII. 676, XI. 43, XII. 636, 8Io; videret, A.
III. 52, XI. 417, 797; viderent, G. I. 39I ; viderit, A. IX. 729,
X. 744, Ci. 5Oi; vidisset, A. V. 4I I ; videre, G. II. 438, III. 23,
I82, A. II. 28, VI. I 34, 818, Ca. I. I, IV. (XIII.) 2f; vidisse,
G. IV. I27, A. III. 43 I, VI. 454, 487, VIII. 353, Ci. 455;
videns, E. I. 69, A. VI. 4I9, VIII. I 9; videnti, E. VI. 2I ;
videntem, A. II. 555, IX. 345; videntes, G. I. 354; visurus, A.
VIII. 576; visuri, A. V. IO8; videndi, A. II. I37; videndo, G.
III. 2I 5; visu, A. I. III, III. 62 I, VI. 277, VII. 78,
VIII. 234, IX. 465, 52 I, X. 637, XII. 252f; videor, E. IX. 35,
X. 58, A. IX. I95; videtur, G. I. 395, A. IV. 467; videmur, A.
XII. 9Io; videntur, G. III. Io8, A. I. 396, 494, V. 23I ; videbar,
A. II. 279, 73o, III. I74f; videbatur, A. VIII. 707; videbitur,
E. IV. I6; visus (est), G. IV. 89, A. II. 27I, 682, 732, VIII.
33, IX. III ; visa est, A. IV. 287, 557, XII. I47; visa (est), G.
III. 5Io, A. I. 326, II. 773, III. 2o6, V. 637, 722, 768, VI. 87I,
VII. 73, 406; visum est, G. IV. 394, A. IX. 375; visum (est),
A. II. 428, 624, III. 2; visi (sunt), A. III. I5O; visæ (sunt), A.
VI. 257; visa (sunt), G. I. 478, A. III. 9o, IV. 46I, VIII. 525;
videar, E. VII. 4I ; viderer, A. IV. 33o; videri, E. III. 65, VI.
24, A. II. 46I, 59I, VI. 49, VIII. 604, X. 267, XII. 2I6; visa
(nom.), A. V. 6Io; visum, A. VI. 4O9; viso, A. X. 787; viden-
dam, A. II. 589. -
II. Usage: I. Active: A. Absolute I.
sæpibus in nostris parvam te roscida mala
. vidi cum matre legentem. . . .
ut vidi ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error. E. VIII. 4I.
IO2
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
nec mirum, vultu decepta puella
ut vidi ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error. Ci. 43o.
2. Parenthetical:
ille, vides, pura iuvenis qui nititur hasta,
proxima sorte tenet lucis loca. A. VI. 76o.
ille (vides), nostris quii moenibus adsideti hostis,
quem pater ipse deum sceptri donavit honore. Ci. 268.
3. With obj. implied:
nonne vides, cum præcipiti certamine campum
corripuere ruuntque effusi carcere currus,
cum spes arrectæ iuvenum, exultantiaque haurit
corda pavor pulsans? G. III. Io3.
vidi egomet duo de numero cum corpora nostro
prensa manu magna .
frangeret ad saxum sanieque expersai natarent
limina. A. III. 623.
vidi atro cum membra fluentia tabo
manderet et tepidii tremerent sub dentibus artus. A. III. 626.
[Aenean]
nec vidisse semel satis est; iuvat usque morari. A. VI. 487.
ingemuit cari graviter genitoris amore,
ut vidit, Lausus. - A. X. 79o.
Deliai sæpe tibi venit. mihif, Tucca, videre
non licet. * Ca. I. I.
B. With complement: I. De:
“nunc morere. ast de me divom pater atque hominum rex
viderit.' A. X. 744.
2. Ind. quest.:
nonne vides, utf tota tremor pertempteti equorum
corpora, si tantum notas odor attulit auras? G. III. 25o.
namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum
hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana iuventus;
hac Phryges, instaret curru < mss. & edd. cursu. Ld.>
cristatus Achilles. A. I. 466.
si vobis audentemi extrema cupido
certa sequif, quæ sit rebus fortuna videtis. A. II. 35o.
nec quae sonitum det causa videmus. A. III. 584.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. IO3
spes sibi quisque, sed hæc quam angusta videtis.
A. XI. 309.
ex illo qui me casusi, quæ, Turne, sequantur
bella, vides, quantos primus patiaret labores. A. XII. 33.
3. Vt zwith indic.:
nonne vides croceos ut Tmolusi odores,
India mittitf ebur, molles sua tura Sabæi,
at Chalybes nudi ferrum, virosafquei Pontus
castorea, Eliadum palmas Epiros equarum? G. I. 56.
viden ut geminae stant vertice cristæ
et pater ipse suo superum iam signati honore? A. VI. 779.
videoi uti flagrantia taedis
liminat conlucenti infestisi omniai templis. Cu. 2I6.
4. Rel. pron. with indic.:
vidisti quo Turnus equo, quibusi ibat in armis
2l11'€11S. A. IX. 269.
5. Acc. amd inf.: a. Pres. act. :
cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno
Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum
Teucrorumque alios. A. I. 5IO.
ut celsas videre ratesf atque inter opacum
adlabi nemus et tacitisf incumbere remis,
terrentur visu subito. A. VIII. IO7.
saepe etiam stellas vento inpendente videbis
præcipites caelo labi, noctisque per umbram
flammarum longos a tergo albescere tractus;
saepe levem paleam et frondes volitare caducas,
aut summa nantis in aqua colludere plumas. G. I. 365.
regina e speculis ut primami albescere lucem
vidit et aequatis classem procedere velis. A. IV. 587.
te quoque magnanimæi viderunt, Ismare, gentes
volnera derigeret et calamos armare veneno. A. X. I39.
quo subi confertos auderei in proelia vidi, r
incipio super his. - A. II. 347.
ibi ignem
deficere extremum et religatosi rite videbat
carpere gramen equos. A. IX. 352.
I O4
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
ne nocturna quidem carpentes pensa puellæ
nescivere hiemem, testa cum ardente viderent
scintillare oleum et putris concrescere fungos. G. I. 39I.
saepe ego, cum flavis messorem induceret arvis
agricola et fragili iam stringeret hordea culmo,
omnia ventorum concurreret proelia vidi. G. I. 3I8.
ergo inter sese paribus comcurrere telis *
Romanas acies iterum videre Philippi. G. I. 49O.
nunc iuvenem inparibus video comcurrere fatis,
Parcarumque dies et vis inimica propinquat. A. XII. I49.
condere; vid. c. infra, E. VIII. 99.
conlucere; vid. c. infra, A. IV. 566.
conludere; vid. albescere, G. I. 365.
ati non viderunt moenia Troiæ
Neptuni fabricata manu, considere in ignis? A. IX. I44.
postquam cuncta videt cælo constare sereno,
dat clarum e puppi signum. A. III. 518.
tu quoque Laurentes viderunt, Aeole, campii
oppetere et late terram consternere tergo. A. XII. 542.
quem simul ac Iuturna soror crebrescere vidit
sermonem et volgi variare labantiaf corda,
- � © ® in medias dat sese acies. A. XII. 222.
iam variaei pelagi volucres eti quaei Asia circum
dulcibus in stagnis rimantur prata Caystri,
certatim largos umeris infundere rores:
nunc caput obiectare fretis, nunc currere in undasi
et studio incassum videas gestire lavandi. G. I. 387.
Arcadas insuetos acies inferre pedestris
ut vidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci -
nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris. A. X. 365.
quod vitam moror invisam Pallante perempto, •
dextera causa tuast, Turnum gnatoque patrique
quami debere vides. A. XI. I79.
deficere; vid. carpere, A. IX. 352.
vidi lecta diu et multoi spectata labore
degenerare tamen. G. I. I97.
derigere; vid. arinare, A. X. I39.
mugire videbis
sub pedibus terram et descendere montibus ornos.
A. IV. 49O.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. Io5
in medio classis æratas, Actia bella,
cernere erat totumque instructo Marte videres
fervere Leucaten auroque effulgere fluctus. A. VIII. 676.
hoc etiam, emenso cum iam decedit Olympo,
profuerit meminisse magis; nam sæpe videmus
ipsius in voltu varios errare colores. G. I. 45 I.
non ego te vidi Damonis, pessime, caprum
e.rcipere insidiis . . . . . ? E. III. I7.
e.vcire ; vid. c. imfra, A. VIII. 99.
et sæpe alterius ramos impune videmus
vertere in alterius mutatamque insita mala
ferre pirum, et prunis lapidosa rubescere corna. G. II. 32.
talia vociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat
mucronem nec ferre videt sua gaudia ventos. A. X. 652.
sinf maculae incipienti rutilo inmiscerier igni,
omnia tum pariter vento nimbisque videbis
fervere. G. I. 455.
fervere; vid. c. infra, A. IV. 566.
fervere; vid effulgere, A. VIII. 676.
fidere; vid. e. infra, A. VII. 29o.
gestire ; vid. currere, G. I. 387.
habere; vid. c. infra, Ca. XII. (IV.) 4.
incumbere; vid. adlabi, A. VIII. IO7.
atque hic Aeneas (una namque ire videbat
egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis,
sed fronsf læta parum et deiecto luminat voltu. A. VI. 86o.
hinc genus Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget,
supra homines, supra ire deos pietate videbis. A. XII. 839.
labi; vid. albescere, G. I. 365.
tabidulamque videt labi per viscera mortem. Ci. I82.
. simul incipit ipse.
tum vero in numerum faunosque ferasque videresi
ludere, tum rigidasi motare cacumina quercus. E. VI. 27.
semina vidi equidem multos medicare serentis
et nitro prius et nigra perfundere amurca. G. I. I93.
moliri; vid. e. infra, A. VII. 29o.
motare; vid. ludere, E. VI. 27.
deiní tef movere lumbulosi in caltulaf
prensis videbOi altaribus
flavumquef propter Thybrimt olentes nauticum
VOCare. Ca. XIII. (V.) 22.
Io6
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
mugire ; vid. descendere, A. IV. 49o.
passimque armenta videbant
Romanoque foro et lautisf mugire Carinis. A. VIII. 36o.
quo magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat,
vidit, turicremis cum dona imponeret aris
(horrendum dictu), latices migrescere sacros
fusaque in obscenum se vertere vina cruorem. A. IV. 453.
obiectare ; vid. currere, -. G. I. 387.
oppetere ; vid. consternere, A. XII. 542.
non ego vos posthac viridi proiectus in antro
dumosa pendere procul de rupe videbo. E. I. 76.
perfundere; vid. medicare, G. I. I93.
procedere; vid. albescere, A. IV. 587.
*Anna, vides toto properari litore: circum
undique convenere.' A. IV. 4I6.
metabatf sesei circum loca; cum videt ingensi
adversum recubare ducem gregis, acrior instat »
lumina diffundens intendere. Cu. I74.
rubescere; vid. ferre, G. II. 32.
arma inter nubem caeli <in PRy suprascr. M>
regione serena
per suidumi rutilare vident et pulsa tonaret. A. VIII. 529. '
scimtillare; vid. comcrescere, G. I. 39I.
horribilis circum vidit sei sistere formas
piscibus etfcanibusque malisi vallatai repentest. Ci. 8o.
his ubi nequiquam dictis experta Latinum
contra stare videt .
tum vero infelix, ingentibus excita monstris,
immensumi sine more furit lymphata per urbem. A. VII. 374.
iam pulvere cælum
stare vident. A. XII. 4o8.
agmina. quae postquam matres succedere tectis
viderunt, maestam incendunt clamoribus urbem. A. XI. I47.
qualem primo qui surgere Im1enSe
autf videt auti vidisse putat per nubila lunam.
[bis]. A. VI. 454.
vicisti, et victum temdere palmas
Ausonii videre. A. XII. 937.
tonare; vid. rufilare, A. VIII. 529.
fraducere; vid. c. infra, E. VIII. 99.
variare; z'id. crebrescere, A. XII. 222.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. Io7
vertere; vid. ferre, G. II. 32, also migrescere, A. IV. 453.
volitare ; vid. albescere, G. I. 365.
b. Pres. pass.:
hunc Polydorum auri quondam cum pondere magno
infelix Priamus furtim mandarat alendum
Threicio regi, cum iami diffideret armis
Dardaniae cingique urbem obsidione videret. A. III. 52.
dari; vid. c. infra, Ca. XII. (IV.) 4.
fieri; vid. c. infra, E. VIII. 99.
quosve dabas gemitus, cum litora fervere late
prospiceres arce ecf summa totumque videres
misceri ante oculos tantis clamoribus æquor! A. IV. 4IO.
nec tu me aëria solam nunc sede videres
digna indigna pati. A. XII. 8IO.
qui sanguine nostrum
nomen in astra ferant quorumque at stirpe nepotes
omnia sub pedibus, qua Sol utrumque recurrens
aspiciti Oceanum, vertique regique videbunt. A. VII. IoI.
turbari; vid. c. infra, A. IV. 566.
verti; vid. regi, & A. VII. IOI.
c. Pres. act. and pres. pass.:
his ego sæpe lupum fieri et se condere silvis
Moerim, sæpe animas imis e.vcire sepulchris
atque satas alio vidi traducere messis. E. VIII. 99.
iam mare turbarit trabibus sævasque videbis
conlucere faces, iam fervere litora flammis,
si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem. A. IV. 566.
sed, ot superbe Noctuinei, noni vides
duas habere filias Atilium, -
duasi, et hanc et alteram, tibi dari. Ca. XII. (IV.) 4.
d. Pf. act.:
lumina tot cecidisse ducum totamque videmus
consedisse urbem luctu, dum Troia temptat
castra. A. XI. 349.
consedisse; vid. cecidisse, A. XI. 349.
deseruisse; vid. e. infra, A. VII. 29o.
e. Pres. amd pf. act.:
moliri iam tecta videt, iam fidere terræ,
deseruisse rates. - A. VII. 29o.
Io8
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
6. Acc. and particip. ; a. Pres. particip.:
cedens; vid. c. infra, A. XII. 324.
vidi et crudelis dantem Salmonea poenas. A. VI. 585.
ac prior “heus,' inquit, “iuvenes, monstrate, mearum
vidistis siquam hic errantem forte sororum. A. I. 322.
subiit cari genitoris imago,
ut regem æquævom crudeli volnere vidi
vitam exhalantem. A. II. 56I.
atquef illi longe gradientem et dira frememtem
ut videre, metu versi retroque ruentes
effunduntque ducem rapiuntque ad litora currusi. A. X. 573.
terga dabo et Turnum fugientem hæc terra videbiti ?
A. XII. 645.
fulgens; vid. laetans, infra, A. XI. 854.
gradiens; vid. fremens, A. X. 573.
videbo habentemi præteri ignavos nihil
fratres et iratum Iovem
scissumique ventremi et herniosii patrui
pedes inediai turgidos. Ca. XIII. (V.) 37.
ast alios secum includit recipitque ruentis,
demens, qui Rutulum in medio non agmine regem
viderit inrumpemtem. A. IX. 729.
instantia vidii
alterius, sine respectu mea fataî relinquens
ad pariles agor eventus, Cu. 227.
ipse deum manifesto in lumine vidi
intrantem muros. A. IV. 358.
Chromis et Mnasyllos in antro
Silenum pueri somno videre iacentem. E. VI. I4.
ut vidit laetantem <M* fulgentem M* PRy>
animis <M* armis M* PRy>
ac vana tumentem,
“cur” inquit “diversus abis?' A. XI. 854.
sæpibus in nostris parvam te roscida mala
(dux ego vester eram) vidi cum matre legentem. E. VIII. 38.
hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina vidit, .
sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis.
sternitur infelix Acroni. - A. X. 72 I.
vix ea fatus erat, summo cumi monte videmus
ipsum inter pecudes vasta se mole moventem
pastorem Polyphemum et litora nota petentem. A. III. 655.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. IO9
palans; vid. c. infra, A. IX. 78o.
et nunc palamtisi video gemitumque cadentum
accipio! A. X. 674.
inrumpunt aditus Rutuli ut videre patentisÍ. A. IX. 683.
petens; vid. movens, A. III. 655.
dixit, et ex oculis subito ceu fumus in auras
commixtus tenuis fugiti diversa, neque illum
premsamtem nequiquam umbras et multa volentemi
dicere praeterea vidit. G. IV. 5o2.
bellum ingens geret Italia populosque feroces
contundeti moresque viris et moenia ponet,
tertia dum Latio regmamtem viderit aestas. A. I. 265.
numquam illamfpost haeci oculi videre suorum
purpureas flavoi retinemtemf vertice vittas. Ci. 5 Io.
rorans; vid. c. infra, A. III. 567.
Pan deus Arcadiae venit, quem vidimus ipsi
sanguineis ebuli bacis minioque rubentem. E. X. 26.
illa quidem, dumi te fugeret per flumina praeceps,
immanem ante pedes hydrum moritura puella
servantem ripas alta non vidit in herba. G. IV. 459.
armatosque vident stantis in limine primo. A. II. 485.
isque ubi tendentem adversum per gramina vidit
Aenean, alacrisi palmas utrasque tetendit. A. VI. 684.
quattuor hic, primum omen, equos in gramine vidi
tondentes campum late. A. III. 537.
tumems; vid. laetans, A. XI. 854.
umdams; vid. c. infra, A. II. 6o9.
vidit ab adverso venientis aggeret Turnus,
videre Ausonii. [bis]. A. XII. 446.
volens; vid. premsams, G. IV. 5o2.
multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris. A. VII. 89.
b. Pf. particip.:
avolsus; vid. c. infra, A. II. 609.
desertosque videt portus classemque relictam. A. V. 6I2.
disiectam Aeneae toto videt aequore classem,
fluctibus oppressos Troas cælique ruinai. A. I. I28.
disiectus; vid. c. infra, A. II. 609.
[arcem et calamos] quæ tu, perverse Menalca,
et cum vidisti puero domata, dolebas. E. III. I4.
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
elisus; vid. c. infra, • - A. III. 567.
atque hic Priamiden lamiatum corpore toto
Deiphobumi viditi, lacerum crudeliter ora. A. VI. 495.
oppressus; vid. disiectus, A. I. I28.
Teucria cum magnoi manaret sanguine tellus
et Simois Xanthique liquor, Sigeaque præterí
litora cum Troas sævi ducisi Hectoris ira
funderet < Rb. videre some mss. & edd. vidi,
or vidit other mss.> in classes inimicaf mentef Pelasgas
vulnera tela necesi ignisi inferre paratosi? Cu. 309.
atque illi Misenum in litore sicco,
ut venere, vident indigna morte peremptum. A. VI. I63.
ille deum vitam accipiet divisque videbit
permixtos heroas, et ipse videbitur illis. E. IV. I 5.
receptus; vid. c. infra, • A. IX. 78o.
felictus; vid. desertus, A. V. 6I2.
unus abest, medio in fluctu quem vidimus ipsi •
submersum. A. I. 584.
turbatus; vid. c. infra, A. XII. 324.
c. Pres. act. and pf. pass. particip.:
Turnus ut Aenean cedentem ex agmine vidit
turbatosque duces, subita spe fervidus ardet. A. XII. 324.
hic, ubi disiectas moles avolsaque saxis
saxa vides mixtoque umdamtem pulvere fumum,
Neptunus muros. . . . quatit. A. II. 6o9.
tandemi ductores audita cæde suorum
conveniunt Teucri, Mnestheus acerque Serestus,
palantisique vident socios hostemque receptum. A. IX. 78o.
ter spumam elisam eti rorantia vidimus astra. A. III. 567.
7. With simple obj.: a. Names of persoms and peoples:
videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas
bellaque iam fama totum volgata per orbem,
Atridas Priamumque et saevom ambobus Achillem. A. I. 456.
hic et Aloidasi geminos immania vidi
corpora. A. VI. 582.
Atridas; vid. Achillem, • • A. I. 456.
monstrat amor verusi patriae, ut videre Camillamf.
- - A. XI. 892.
militia ex illa diversum ad litus abactii
Atrides Protei Menelaus ad usque columnas
exulati, Aetnaeos vidit Cyclopas Vlixes. A. XI. 263.
]
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I I I
vidimus, O cives, Diomedei Argivaque castra. A. XI. 243.
cum clamor ad auris
pervenit ac videt Euryalum. A. IX. 396.
a Arcades ipsum
credunt sef vidisse Iovemu. A. VIII. 353.
vox quoquef Moerimf
iam fugit ipsa; lupi Moerim videre priores. E. IX. 54.
ipsum autem sumptis Priamum iuvenalibus armis
ut vidit, “quæ mens tam dira, miserrime coniunx,
impulit his cingi telis?' . . . . . . inquit. A. II. 5I9.
Priamum ; vid. Achillem, A. I. 456.
'Troiugemas ac tela vides inimica Latinis.' A. VIII. I I7.
Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbemi. A. I. 338.
b. Names of places:
invidisse deos, patriis ut redditus aris
coniugium optatum et pulchram Calydona viderem?
A. XI. 27o.
iam procul et fluctuf Salaminiat suspiciti arva
florentesque videt iam Cycladas. Ci. 47I.
iamque rubescebat stellis Aurora fugatis,
cum procul obscuros collis humilemque videmus
Italiam. A. III. 522.
si tanta cupidoi
bis Stygios innare lacusi, bis nigra videre
Tartara . ę
accipe quæ peragenda prius. A. VI. I34.
effigiemt Xanthi Troiamque videtis,
quam vestræ fecere manus melioribus, opto, w
auspiciis. A. III. 497.
c. Persomal promouns:
nec sum adeo informis: nuper me in litore vidi. E. II. 25.
ego Daphnim
auspicio, ille ubi me contra videt, 'ocius' inquit
“huc ades, O Meliboee.' E. VII. 8.
d. Common moums, demonstratives, adjectives, and
promoums referrimg to things:
aetheria tum forte plaga crinitus Apollo
desuper Ausonias acies urbemque videbat,
nube sedens. • A. IX. 639.
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
postquam acies videt Iliacas atque agmina Turni, .
fertque refertque sonans clupeumque everberat alis.
A. XII. 86I.
aci simuli Aeneas fumantis pulvere campos
prospexit longe Laurentiaque agmina vidit,
et saevom Aenean adgnoviti Turnus in armis. A. XI. 909.
agmina; vid. acies, A. XII. 86I.
nusquami
Hectoreos amnis Xanthum et Simoënta videbo? A. V. 634.
interea videt Aeneas in valle reducta
seclusumf nemus et virgulta sonantia silvæi
ILethaeumque domos placidas qui prænatat amnem. A. VI. 7o3.
vis et Tarquinios reges animamque superbam
ultoris Bruti fascesque videre receptos? A. VI. 8I8.
primus equii labor est animos atque arma videre
bellantum lituosque pati tractuque gementem
ferre rotam et stabulo frenos audire sonantis. G. III. I82.
sol medium cæli conscenderat igneus orbem,
cum muros arcemque procul acf rara domorum
tecta vident. A. VIII. 99.
arma; vid. animos, G. III. I82.
isque ubi Dardanios habitus et Troia vidit
arma procul .
sese ad litora præceps
cum fletu precibusque tulit. A. III. 596.
“quid, siquis caestus ipsius et Herculis arma
vidisset tristemque hoc ipso in litore pugnam ?' A. V. 4I I.
at Danaum proceres Agamemnoniæïque phalanges
ut videre virum fulgentiaque arma per umbras,
ingenti trepidare metu. A. VI. 49O.
læta boum passim campis armenta videmus
caprigenumque pecus nullo custode per herbas. A. III. 22O.
et iuvat undantem buxo spectare Cytorum
Naryciaeque picis lucos, iuvat arva videre
non rastris, hominum non ulli obnoxia curæ. G. II. 438.
bella; vid. Achillem, A. I. 456.
caestus; vid. arma, A. V. 4II.
iuvat ire et Dorica castra
desertosque videre locos litusque relictum. A. II. 28.
castra inimica vides; nulla hinc exire potestas. A. IX. 739.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I I3
Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra videbo? A. X. 67I.
castra; vid. Diomede, - A. XI. 243.
accipe dona meo multum vigilata labore .
impia prodigiis ut quondam exterritai amorisf
Scylla novos avium sublimis in aëre coetus
viserit < Baehrens zriderit mss.> et tenui
conscendens siderat pinnai
cæruleis sua tecta superf volitaverit alis. Ci. 5o.
collis; vid. Italiam, A. III. 522.
coniugiumque domumque patres natosque videbit,
Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? A. II. 579.
comiugium; vid. Calydoma, A. XI. 27o.
nec currus usquam videt aurigamvei sororem. A. XII. 9I8.
domum ; vid. coniugium, A. II. 579.
effigiem; vid. Troiam, A. III. 497.
satis una superque
vidimus excidia et captæ superavimus urbi. A. II. 643.
fasces; vid. animam, A. VI. 8I8.
quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura
sponte tulere sua, carpsiti, nec ferrea iura
insanumquef forum aut populi tabularia vidit. G. II. 5o2.
tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum)
Alpinas a! dura nives et frigora Rheni
me sine sola vides. E. X. .
finibus extorris, complexu avolsus Iuli
auxilium imploret videatque indigna suorum
fumera. A. IV. 0 17.
vel quæ, Tiberine, videbis
funera, cum tumulum, præterlaberet recentem ! A. VI. 873.
sat fumerat fusif
vidimus ingentis et desolavimusi agros. A. XI. 367.
infelix, nati fumus crudele videbis? A. XI. 53.
habitus; vid. arma, A. III. 596.
quocumquef iret feruntf variæ nos tempora vitae,
tangerei quas terras quosquef videret homines,
dispeream, si te fuerit mihi carior alter. Ca. IV. (XIII.) 2.
hic vertex nobis semper sublimisi; at illum
sub pedibus Styx atra videt manesque profundi. G. I. 243.
(illum absens absentem auditque videtque). A. IV. 83.
I I4
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
Aeneas . . . . . . exire locosque
explorare novos. quas vento accesserit oras,
qui teneant (nam inculta videti), hominesne feræne,
quærere constituit. • A. I. 3o8.
iura; vid. forum, G. II. 5o2. .
hic illum vidi iuvenem, Meliboee, quotannis
bis senos cui nostra dies altaria fumant. E. I. 42.
sed quis Olympo
demissam tantos voluit tei ferre labores?
an fratris miseri letum ut crudele videres? A. XII. 636.
litus; vid. castra, A. II. 28.
locos; vid. castra, A. II. 28.
urbem praeclaram statui, mea moenia vidi. ' A. IV. 655.
respicit Aeneas: subito et sub rupe sinistra
moenia, lata videt, triplici circumdata muro. A. VI. 549.
haec duo præterea disiectis oppida muris,
reliquias veterumque vides monimenta virorum. A. VIII. 356.
accessi viridemque ab humo convellere silvam
COnatuS . ę ę
horrendum et dictui video mirabile monstrum. A. III. 26.
sed siquis, quæ multa vides discrimine talii,
siquis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve,
te superesse velim. A. IX. 2IO.
1muros; vid. arcem, A. VIII. 99, also castra, A. X. 67I.
matumque in valle reducta
ut procul egelidof secretum flumine vidit,
talibus adfata est dictis. A. VIII. 6IO.
natos; vid. coniugium, A. II. 579.
memus; vid. amnem, A. VI. 7o3.
mives; vid. frigora, E. X. 48.
candidus insuetum miratur limen Olympi
sub pedibusque videt mubes et sidera Daphnis. E. V. 57.
oppida; vid. monimenta, A. VIII. 356.
at vero ut voltum vidit morientis et ora,
ora modis Anchisiades pallentia miris,
ingemuit miserans graviter. *. A. X. 82 I.
Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem. A. VI. 323.
patres; vid. coniugium, A. II. 579.
pecus; vid. armenta, A. III. 22O.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I I5
pugnam; vid. arma, A. V. 4I I ; pugnas; vid. Achillem,
A. I. 456.
sed quanto ille magis formas sei verteti in omnis,
tami tui, mate, magis contende tenacia vinclaî,
donec talis erit mutato corpore, qualem
videris, incepto tegeret cum lumina somno. G. IV. 4I4.
iubes renovare dolorem, -
Troianas ut opes et lamentabile regnum
eruerinti Danai, quaeque ipse miserrima vidi
et quorum pars magna fui. A. II. 5.
O quis noni referat talisf divortia bellif,
quaei Troiaef videre viri videreque Grai. [bis]. Cu. 305.
agellulumi hunc, sinistrat eti antet quem vides,
erique villulami hortulumque pauperis
tuori malafque furisi arceo manui. Ca. II.* 3.
Sabinus ille, quemi videtis, hospites,
ait fuisse mulio celerrimus. Ca. X. (VIII.) I.
aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe? A. II. 746.
ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum
egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale videret,
procubuit moriens et humum semelf ore memordit. A. XI. 4I7.
freges; vid. animam, A. VI. 8I8.
regna; vid. Tyrios, A. I. 338.
*teni' inquit, “miserande puer, cum læta veniret,
invidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna videres
nostra neque ad sedes victor veherere paternas? A. XI. 43.
reliquias; vid. momimenta, A. VIII. 356.
namque sub Oebaliæ memini me turribus arcisi,
qua niger umectat flaventia culta Galæsus,
Corycium vidisse semem, cui pauca relicti
iugera rurisf erant. - G. IV. I27.
sidera; vid. mubes, E. V. 57.
ut vidit socios, “tempus desistere pugnæt:
. ' haec ait. A. X. 44I.
sororem ; vid. currus, A. XII. 9I8.
stagma; vid. paludem, A. VI. 323.
tabularia; vid. forum, G. II. 5o2.
sit satis hoc, tantum Scyllami vidisse malorum. Ci. 455.
tecta; vid. arcem, A. VIII. 99.
tela; vid. Troiugemas, A. VIII. I I7.
I I6
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
urbem; vid. acies, A. IX. 639; also vid. Tyrios, A. I. 338.
vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibusf urbem
venatu adsiduo et totum cognovimus amnem. A. IX. 244.
et mihi iam multi crudele canebant
artificis scelus et taciti ventura videbant. A. II. I25.
ne dubita, nam vera vides. A. III. 3I6.
virgulta; vid. ammem, A. VI. 7o3.
virum ; vid. arma, A. VI. 49O.
voltum ; vid. ora, A. X. 82 I.
invideo vobis, agri formosaque prata, .
vos nunc illa videt, vobisi meai Lydiai luditi. L. 4.
8. With two acc. :
simul haec invisa relinquam
lumina nec generum Aeneam captiva videbo. A. XII. 63.
[Arruns] reducem ut patria alta videret,
non dedit. A. XI. 797.
omnia nunc rident: at si formonsus Alexis
montibus his abeati, videas ut flumina sicca. E. VII. 56.
neque me indecorem, germana, videbis
amplius. A. XII. 679.
namquei uti ini aetherio signorum munerei præstans,
unum quem duplici stellatumf sideret vidi,
scorpios alternisi clarum fugati Orionat. Ci. 534.
haut aliter iuvenis medios moriturus in hostis •
inruit et, quat tela videt densissima, tendit. A. IX. 555.
9. Tzvo obj. and tzvo pred.:
tumi sciat, aërias Alpis et Norica siquis
castella in tumulis et Iapydisi arva Timavi
nunc quoque post tanto videat desertaque regnaf
pastorum et longe saltus lateque vacantisi. G. III. 476.
IO. Obj. amd pred. amd acc. amd inf.:
omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos. A. I. 583.
isque ubi se Turni media inter milia vidit,
hinc acies atque hinc acies adstare Latinas:
. . . . moriturus in hostis
inruit. A. IX. 549.
II. Tzvo obj. and acc. and inf.:
Eumenidum veluti demensi videt agmina Pentheus
et solem geminum et duplicis se ostendere Thebas. A. IV. 469.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I 17
I2. Obj. acc. and tvo ind. quest.:
iam nunc sollemnisi ducere pompas
ad delubra iuvat caesosque videre iuvencos,
vel scaena ut versis discedat frontibus utque
purpurea intexti tollanti aulæa Britanni. G. III. 23.
I3. Simple obj., also obj. and particip. : a. One
simp. obj. :
vidi ipse furentem
caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas. A. II. 499.
præstat Trinacrii mentas lustrare Pachyni .
quam semel informem vasto vidisse sub antro
Scyllam et cæruleis canibus resonantia saxa. A. III. 43I.
ut me conspexit venientem, et Troia circum
arma amens vidit . . . deriguit. A. III. 3o7.
b. Tzvo simple obj. :
vidi Hecubam centumque nurus Priamumque per aras
sanguine foedantem quos ipse sacraverat ignis. A. II. 5oI.
ipse caput nivei fultum Pallantis et ora
ut vidit levique patens in pectore volnus
cuspidis Ausoniae, lacrimis ita fatur obortis. A. XI. 4o.
c. Three simple obj. :
Aeneas . �
prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea siquem
iactatum vento videat Phryiasque biremis -.
aut Capyn aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. A. I. I82.
I4. Acc. amd inf. and acc. amd particip.; a. One inf.
and one particip.:
medium video discederet cælum
palantisque polo stellas. A. IX. 2O.
b. Two inf. and one particip.:
pulsus ego? aut quisquam merito, foedissime, pulsum
argueti, Iliaco tumidum qui crescere Thybrim
sanguine et Euandri totam cum stirpe videbit
procubuisse domum atque exutos Arcadas armis? A. XI. 394.
quotiens Cyclopum effervere in agros
vidimus undantem ruptis fornacibus Aetnam,
flammarumque globos liquefactaque volvere saxa! G. I. 472.
I I 8
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
c. Ome inf. and two particip.:
passim somno vinoque per herbamf
corpora fusa vident, arrectos litore currus,
inter lora rotasque viros, simul arma iacere,
vina simul. A. IX. 317.
I 5. Obj. amd four inf. amd tzvo particip.:
[ovem]
quam procul auti molli succedere sæpius umbræ
videris auti summas carpentemj ignaviusj herbas
extremamque sequi aut medio procumberet campo
pascentem et seraei solam decedere nocti,
continuo culpam ferro compesce. G. III. 465.
I6. Acc. and particip. and pred. adj. :
tum primum nostri Cacum videre timentem
turbatumque oculisi. A. VIII. 222.
I7. Acc. amd particip. amd inf., also acc. amd two inf.:
Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos
defecisse videt, sua nunc promissa reposci,
se signari oculisi, ultro inplacabilis ardet
attollitque animos. A. XII. 2.
I8. Acc. amd inf. and particip.:
[serpentem]
quem postquam vidit caesum languescere, sediti. Cu. 2oI.
vidi oculos ante ipse meos me voce vocantem
Murranum .
Oppetere ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum. A. XII. 638.
utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta
stare procul campis meditantem ini proelia taurum,
advolat. A. X. 454.
I9. Obj., obj. and particip., obj. and pred.:
urbis uti captæ casum convolsaque vidit
limina tectorum et mediumi in penetralibus hostem,
arma diu senior desueta trementibus ævo
circumdat. A. II. 507.
C. Particip.: a. Pres. : I. Nom. simg. zvith acc. amd inf.:
cui vates, horrere videns iam colla colubris,
melle soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam
obicit. A. VI. 419.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. II9
2. Nom. sing. zvith simple obj. :
quæ Laomedontius heros
cuncta videns magno curarum fluctuat æstu. A. VIII. I9.
3. Nom. sing. vvith obj. amd appos.:
post aliquot mea regna videns mirabor aristas? E. I. 69.
4. Dat. :
addit se sociami timidisque supervenit Aegle,
Aegle, naiadum pulcherrima, iamfque videnti
sanguineis frontem moris et tempora pingit. E. VI. 2I.
5. Acc. a. Simple obj. :
incensus et ipse
perfurit ac multami in medio sine nomine plebem,
. Rhoetumi vigilantem et cuncta videntem. A. IX. 345.
ß. Acc. amd tzvo particip.:
hæc finis Priami, fatorum hic exitusi illum
sorte tulit, Troiam incensam et prolapsa videntem
Pergama. A. II. 555.
6. Nom. plu. with simple obj. :
ipse pater statuit, quid menstrua luna moneret,
quo signo caderent austri, quid sæpe videntes
agricolæ propius stabulis armenta tenerent. G. I. 354.
b. Fut. : I. Nom. masc. simg. zvith simple obj. :
si numina vestra
incolumem Pallanta mihi, si fata reservant,
si visurus eum vivoi et venturus in unum :
vitam oro. A. VIII. 576.
2. Nom. masc. pl. with simple obj. :
læto complerant <complebant M> litora coetu
visuri Aeneadas, pars et certare parati. A. V. IO8.
D. Substant.: a. Absolute: I. Gerund:
carpit enim viris paulatim uritque videndo
femina, nec nemorum patitur meminisse nequet herbæf
dulcibus illa quidem inlecebris. G. III. 2I 5.
I2O
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
2. Supine:
stabat acuta silex, præcisis undique saxis
speluncæ dorso insurgens, altissima visu. A. VIII. 234.
[Polyphemus]
nec visu facilis nec dictu affabilisi ulli. A. III. 62 I.
parte alia horrendus visu quassabat Etruscam
pinum et fumiferos infert Mezentius ignis. A. IX. 52I.
id vero horrendum ac visu mirabile ferri. A. VII. 78.
tum dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram
in faciem Aeneae (visu mirabile monstrum)
Dardaniis ornat telis. A. X. 637.
cunctaeque volucres
convertunt clamore fugam (mirabile visui)
aetheraque obscurant pinnis. A. XII. 252.
[navis] tris Eurus ab alto
in brevia et syrtis urguet (miserabile visu). A. I. III.
quin ipsa arrectis (visu miserabilei) in hastis
præfigunt capita. A. IX. 465.
et Metus et malesuada Fames ac turpis Egestas,
ferribileSi visu formæ. A. VI. 277.
b. With obj.: Gen. of gerund with three simple obj. :
nec mihi iam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi
nec duplicis <P* dulcis My> natos exoptatumque parentem.
A. II. I37.
II. Passive ; A. Impersonal: a. Absolute:
et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbra
prodidit immemorem radiisque adversa refulsit.
haut temerei est visum. A. XI. 375.
b. With dat.:
cadit et Ripheus, iustissimus unus
qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi
(dis aliter visum). A. II. 428.
quippe ita Neptumo visum est, immania cuius
armenta et turpis pascit sub gurgite phocas. G. IV. 394.
c. JVifh infimifiwe :
postquam res Asiæ Priamique everterei gentem
inmeritam visum superis .
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I 2 I
diversa exilia et desertas quærere terras
auguriis agimur divom. A. III. 2.
solvite me, pueri: satis est potuisse videri. E. VI. 24.
B. Personal: a. Absolute:
turrim .
eductam tectis, unde omnis Troia videri
et Danaum solitæ naves et Achaicai castra, /
. . convellimus altis sedibus. A. II. 46I.
cum mihi se, non ante oculisi tam clara, videndam
obtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit
alma parens, confessa deam qualisque videri
cælicolis et quanta solet. A. II. 59I.
- maiorque videri
nec mortale sonans, adflata est numine quando -
iam propiore dei. A. VI. 49.
b. With subj. mom.:
infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusæ
visa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago. A. II. 773.
ille deum vitam accipiet divisque videbit
permixtos heroas, et ipse videbitur illis. E. IV. I6.
'nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum.' A. I. 326.
et simulacra modis pallentia miris
visa sub obscurum noctis, pecudesque locutae. G. I. 478.
c. With subj. acc. :
malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella,
et fugit ad salices, et se cupit ante videri. E. III. 65.
d. With comp. : I. De:
haut procul hinc Tarchof et Tyrrheni tuta tenebant
castra locis, celsoque omnis de colle videri
iam poterat legio. A. VIII. 6o4.
2. With pres. act. inf.:
(nec sopor illud erat, sed coram adgmoscere voltus
velatasque comas praesentiaque ora videbari). A. III. I74.
nunc terras órdine longo
aut capere aut captasi iam respectarei videntur. A. I. 396.
et iuxta genitorem adstat Lavinia virgo,
visa (nefas) longis comprendere crinibus ignem. A. VII. 73.
I 22
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
iam mihi per rupes videor lucosque sonantis
ire. E. X. 58.
possunt, quia posse videntur. A. V. 23 I.
“si tibi quæ posco promittunt (nam mihi facti
fama sat est), tumulo videor reperire sub illo
posse viam ad muros et moenia Pallantea.' A. IX. I95.
respectare; vid. capere, A. I. 396.
ac velut in somnis, oculos ubii languida pressit
nocte quies, nequiquam avidos extendere cursus
velle videmur et in mediis conatibus ægri
succidimus. A. XII. 9Io.
3. With pf. act. inf.:
postquam visa satis primos acuisse furores
consiliumque omnemque domum vertisse Latini,
protinus hinc fuscis tristis dea tollitur alis. A. VII. 4o6.
iamque propinquabam portis omnemque videbar
evasisse viam, subito cum creber ad auris
visus adesse pedum sonitus. A. II. 73o.
vertisse ; vid. acuisse, A. VII. 4o6.
4. Nom. and inf.: a. Pres. act.:
in somnis ecce ante oculos maestissimus Hector
visu§ adesse mihi largosque effundere fletus. A. II. 27I.
iamque propinquabam portis omnemque videbar
evasisse viam, subito cum creber ad auris
visus adesse pedum sonitus. ' A. II. 732.
adsurgere; vid. c. infra, G. III. IO8.
quarto terra diei primum se attollere tandemi
visa, aperire procul montis ac volvere fumum. A. III. 2O6.
attollere ; vid. aperire, A. III. 2o6.
huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
populeas inter senior se attollere frondes
visus. A. VIII. 33.
effigies sacrae divom Phrygiique penates,
quos mecum abi Troiaf mediisque ex ignibus urbis
extuleram, visi ante oculos astare iacentis
in somnis. A. III. I 5o.
ultro flens ipse videbar
compellare virum et maestas expromere voces. A. II. 279.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I 23
considere; vid. c. infra, x A. II. 624.
nam mihi Cassandrae per somnum vatis imago
ardentis dare visa faces. A. V. 637.
ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis ^-
vela dare et laxos iam iamque inmittere funis. A. VIII. 707.
nam neque adhuc Varioi videor nec dicere Cinna
digna, sed argutos inter strepere anser olores. E. IX. 35.
effumdere; vid. adesse, A. II. 27I.
visa dehinc cælo facies delapsa parentis
Anchisæ subito talis effundere voces. A. V. 722.
e.vpromere; vid. compellare, A. II. 279.
ecce levis summo de vertice visus Iuli
fundere lumeni apex. A. II. 682.
immitere; vid. dare, A. VIII. 7o7.
ire ; vid. c. infra, , A. IV. 467.
huic se forma dei voltu redeuntis eodem
obtulit in somnis rursusque itaî visa momerest. A. IV. 557.
ab aethere fulgor
cum sonitu venit, et ruere omnia visa repente
Tyrrhenusque tubæ mugire per æthera clangor. A. VIII. 525.
qua visa est Fortuna pati Parcaeque sinebant
cedere res Latio. A. XII. I47.
quaerere; vid. c. infra, A. IV. 467.
ruere ; vid. mugire, A. VIII. 525.
strepere; vid. dicere, E. IX. 35.
hic primum nova lux oculis offulsit et ingens
visus ab Aurora caelum transcurrere nimbus
Idæique chori. A. IX. III.
vix ea fatus erami : tremere omnia visa repente,
liminaque laurusque dei. A. III. 9O.
iuga coepta moveri
silvarum visaeque canes ululare per umbram
adventante dea. A. VI. 257.
volvere ; vid. aperire, A. III. 2O6.
b. Pres. pass.:
hinc exaudiri voces et verba vocantis
visa viri, nox cum terras obscura teneret. A. IV. 46I.
c. Pres. act. amd pres. pass. :
iamque humiles, iamque elati sublime videntur
aëra per vacuum ferri atque adsurgere in auras. G. III. Io8.
?
;
:
:
THE PLAN AND SCOPE
tum vero omne mihi visum considere in ignis -
A. II. 624.
Ilium et ex imo verti Neptunia Troia.
semperque relinqui
sola sibi, semper longami incomitata videtur
ire viam et Tyrios deserta quaerere terra. A. IV. 467.
5. With pred. mom.:
inmmo ego Sardoniis videari tibi amarior herbis,
horridior rusco, proiecta vilior alga,
si mihi non hæc lux toto iam longior annoist. E. VII. 4I.
“siquis mihi parvolus aula
luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret,
non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer.' A. IV. 33o.
desertus; vid. captus, A. IV. 33o.
verum ubi ductores acie revocaveris amboi,
deterior qui visus, eum, ne prodigus obsit,
dede neci ; melior vacua sine regnet in aula. G. IV. 89.
horridus; vid. amarus, E. VII. 4I.
hæc dum Dardanio Aeneae miramda videntur,
regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido,
incessit. \ A. I. 494.
vilis; vid. amarus, E. VII. 4I.
6. Subj. mom. amd pred. mom.:
profuit insertoi latices infundere cornu
Lenaeos: ea visa salusi morientibus una. G. III. 5IO.
fugiuntque notos clamore secundo.
at Rutulo regi ducibusque eai mira videri
Ausoniis, donec versas ad litorai puppes
respiciunt totumque adlabi classibus aequor. A. X. 267.
ipsæ iam matres, ipsi, quibus aspera quondam
visa maris facies et non tolerabile nomeni,
ire volunt. A. V. 768.
nimium vobis Romana propago
visa potens, superi, propria hæc si dona fuissent. A. VI. 87I.
at vero Rutulis inpar ea pugma videri -
iamdudum et vario misceri pectora motu. A. XII. 2I6.
hæc alternanti potior sentemtia visa est. A. IV. 287.
7. Nom. and prcd. momm. amd tzvo inf.:
nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur,
nec fratris radiis obnoxia surgere Luna,
;tenuiai nec lanæ per cælum vellera ferri. G. I. 395.
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I25
ę C. Particip : a. Perf.:
V1S2) :
Irim de cælo misit Saturnia Iuno . . . <*
nulli visa cito decurrit tramite virgo. A. V. 6IO.
visum:
ille admirans venerabile donum
fatalis virgæ, longo post tempore visum,
cæruleam advertit puppimi. A. VI. 4O9.
viso: -
Ocius ensem
Aeneas, viso Tyrrheni sanguine lætus,
eripit a femine. * 4 A. X. 787.
b. Gerumdive:
cum mihi se, non ante Oculist tam clara, videndam
obtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit
alma parens. A. II. 589.
III. Modifiers; Adverbs (4o) :
adhuc, E. IX. 35; aliter, A. II. 428; amplius, A. XII. 68o;
ante, E. III. 65; bis, A. VI. I 34; circum, Ci. 8o; contra, E. VII.
8; dehinc, A. V. 722 ; desuper, A. IX. 639; equidem, G. I. I93,
A. IV. 33o; forte, A. IX. 638; hic, E. I. 42, A. III. 537, VI.
494, 582; interea, A. VI. 7O3 ; ita, G. IV. 394, A. IV. 557; iterum,
G. I. 49O, A. X. 67I ; iam, E. X. 58, A. XII. 407; iamdudum,
A. XII. 2I7; non, E. III. I7; G. I. 56, III. IO3, 25o, A. IX.
I44, Ca. XII. (IV.) 4; nimium, A. VI. 87O; numquam, Ci. 5Io;
nunc, G. III. 476, A. I. 395, X. 674, XII. I49, 8IO, L. 4; nuper,
E. II. 25; nusquam, A. V. 633; passim, A. III. 22O, VIII. 36o;
post, E. I. 69; primum, A. III. 2o5, VIII. 222; procul, E. I. 76,
A. III. 522, 597, VIII. 98, 6IO; quippe, G. IV. 394; quondam,
A. V. 767, Ci. 48; quotiens, G. I. 47I ; repente, A. III. 9o,
VIII. 525; saepe, E. VIII. 97, 98, G. I. 354, 365, 368, 45 I, II. 32;
semper, A. IV. 467; semel, A. III. 43I, VI. 487; subito, A. VI.
548; tandem, A. III. 2o5; temere, A. IX. 375; tum, E. VI. 27, 28,
G. I. 395, A. II. 624, VIII. 222, IX. 638; ultro, A. II. 279;
usquam, A. XII. 9I8.
I 26 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
ON THE VERBS GIVEN ABOVE.
The arrangement of the examples of scimdere given above
is believed to be simple and easy to follow. The forms of the
active voice are given first. All of these are
XI. Remarks followed by a simple object or by a reflexive
on the verbs pronoum. Next come the examples of the
given above. passive voice, all three of which have subject
nominatives. Finally, the participles are given.
This arrangement will be followed in the case of all similar verbs,
since from it one can readily find whether Vergil has, or does
not have, any usage for which he is looking.
Proscindere is given in this specimen out of its alphabetical
order, to bring it into connection with the simple verb. In the
lexicon, of course, it will come in its proper place; but all com-
pounds will be enumerated under the simple verbs.
Some of the facts brought out by the table with which the
videre article begins may be interesting. For instance, the present
and perfect active indicative together are used I 55 times, which
is more than half of the whole number of Occurrences of this
word. Also the perf. 3d. pl. in -ere, is used fifteen times, while
the ending-erunt occurs only four times. The imperfect of the
verb is rare and the examples of the subjunctive of this tense
slightly outnumber those of the indicative. The future perfect
occurs but three times, while the pluperfect occurs but once and
this example is in the subjunctive. •
In the arrangement of the examples differing from Merguet,
I have put the verbal uses first and the substantive uses at the end.
The most interesting fact about Vergil's use of videre is the
great variety of constructions which he allows after it. The abso-
lute uses, either in parenthesis Or with object implied, are not
remarkable. The number of examples is small. This is also true
of the first four subdivisions “with complement,'' though we
may wonder why the poet in G. III. 25o has momme vides followed
by the subjunctive, while in G. I. 56 the same expression takes
the indicative. However, in this latter passage the reading mittit
is uncertain and in the Mediceam has been corrected to mittat.
With 5. we begin to see the great variety of constructions
after videre. We find it followed by one infinitive in the present
active, also by two, three, or four infinitives in the same tense.
It is followed by the present passive infinitive, sometimes by one
OF A VERGIL LEXICON. I 27
and sometimes by more, by the perfect infinitive and by various
combinations of most of these.
The participle constructions are almost as varied as those of
the infinitive. So, too, of the simple objects. Videre is followed
by one object, by two objects, or by a greater number.
It is followed at the same time by proper nouns and common
nouns. Then come various combinations of two objects, objects
and predicates, object and predicate and accusative and infinitive,
object and indirect questions, simple object and object and par-
ticiple, accusative and infinitive and accusative and participle,
object and four infinitives and two participles, accusative and
participle and predicate adjective, accusative and participle and
infinitive, also accusative and two infinitives, and finally an object
with object and participle and object and predicate. In what
other author can we find so great a variety of constructions?
At first I thought of making a separate class for videre, fol-
lowed by one present active infinitive, by two present active in-
finitives, and so for the others. This would have required a great
many subdivisions; but, more than this, it makes no difference
with the meaning of videre, which it is our purpose to discover,
whether it is followed by one infinitive or by four, by one simple
object or by several objects. However, the construction, for
instance, with an active infinitive differs slightly from that with
a passive infinitive or with a perfect, so these subdivisions are
retained.
Under the infinitives and participles, as well as under the
substantives used as objects, in case the verb is followed by more
than one I have given the quotation under the infinitive, participle,
or object in alphabetical order, and then I have referred to the
quotation in the proper place or places below.
To this I must make the following exceptions. In case the
quotation contains a proper noun and also one or more common
nouns, I have given the quotation under the proper noun and
referred to it under the common noun, without considering
whether the proper noun is first alphabetically or not. Also in
the participles used after videre, having made a separate class of
those examples in which we find a combination of the present
and the perfect and having put this class at the end of that section
of the article dealing with participles, I have given the participles
in their proper places and I have referred for the quotation to
the subdivision below. Thus “undaais, vid. c. infra, A. II. 6o9.”
I 28 THE PLAN AND SCOPE
The same statement applies to a similar combination of infinitives.
That is, I have made a separate subdivision for videre followed
by the “present active and the present passive,'' but above in their
proper places these infinitives are all given with a reference for
the quotation to a subdivision below. Thus, “traducere, vid. c.
infra, E. VIII. 99.** With these exceptions, the references are
always to quotations previously given.
After these uses of videre, I have given its participles, as was
done in the case of scindere. The participles are few in number
and the constructions after them are simple.
Then follow the substantive uses, as stated above, all of which
are gerunds and supines. These are also simple in construction.
The passive of videre is comparatively rare. There are only
59 examples, while there are 237 of the active. Here also, as in
the active, most of the forms are in the present and perfect. These
two tenses have forty of the fifty-nine passive forms. No plu-
perfect or future perfect occurs and there are only two sub-
junctives. The method of arrangement does not differ in any
important respect from the method employed in the active voice.
occastis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - -
-
.
- - Verb Verb Verb 9f | Verboforigi Verb | Verb and
- - - Metaphorical - Adj.=pass Verb of Verb, or adj., - of origin-idea] -idea not | and no; noun of Expressior of Noun of - - - - Adnom. qual. of subs Adjective Adjective | Adver Time Other
Real motion—passive: "\T£;;sse Metaphorical motion-active. motion-passive Compound idea of rest and motion. Passive verb—agent. part.—agt. protection. meaning “protected. from. | rel clear. soclear. 1 of origini beginning. naming. origin. Adnominal qualifier of substantive expressed. not expressed. denoting series.
a 1 1mm - - -
After verbs of real motion-active result of motion. Implied motion—active. - - - |
of place. | of plac phrases.] phrases.
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I. Living beings.
A. Proper names of persons:
Ascanius ...................
Aurora ......................
Belus ........................
Euander ...................
Hector ......................
Iuppiter .....................
Pallas . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........
B. Pronouns for persons:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C. Common nouns signifying
living beings:
pauper
populus ......................
proavus
rex ,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
socius .... --------------.....
II. Personifications:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* * * * * • • - - - - - - - - - - - - . . .
- - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
III. Place nouns.
A. Geographical proper names:
Amphrysus ..................
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .
* * * * * * * • • - - - - - - - . . . . . . .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pachynus
Tenedos
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
• * * * • • - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . .
agmen
altum .......................
* * * * * * • • - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . .
cervix .......................
culmen
cqtitis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
femur
-
fons
flumen
* * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . .
gtirges . . . . . . . ........... .. ...
humus ...
inguen .......................
iugulum ....................
laeva (manus) ...............
limen ........................
limes ........................
litus
malus ........................
mentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
moenia ....
moles ........................
navis ........................
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
praesaepe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
puppis ......................
radix ........................
Tttpes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sacellum .....................
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
solium
specula ......................
stabulum ....................
templum .....................
tortis ........................
trabs ........................
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
carina
crimen ......................
hasta ........................
ictus .........................
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
undecimus (annus) ..........
ventus .......................
volnus .......................
stirps ........................
tener (annus) ...............
tergum ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ventus .......................
. . - - - - - - - - -
- - - om the side of; f. (a), from (after); t f. taken from; ou aut from; f (b.) -
- - - - _ _ T- * * * * ' IT* IT, _ - - - - - - P-^. tt^ behimd).
Expl^s^tion of Abbreviations-f, from; b.w., beginning with; fit.o., from time of; af., away from; n.f, name from; d. f., down from; sif, starts from; f. (s), from (source); u.f, ip from; cf., coming from; sh.f., sheltered from; b. f., back from; o.f., off from; f. f., forth from; *ET -n tln- slul- - - - - - Ę '***" **®; qui, out it ftom (