OF SOUTH MUSTRALIA.
*
*
THIRD EDITION.
(Ompiled, mir the authority of the Hon. Laurence O'Loughlin (Minister of Mines),
- by the Department of Mines, -
Y. L BEROWN, F.G.S.,
G{}VERNMENT GE()H, ()(HS
3 belaint : -
: C. E. BRistow, Gover NMENT PRINTER, North TERRACE.
1899,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHICAN LIBRARIE


















R E CO RI)
OF
|
i
l
:
;
THE WINS OF WITH MISIRIII.
THIRD EDITION.
––– emº- ºr-º- ºr- sº-ºd ºf º--~------------
Compiled, under the authority of the HOn, Laurence O'Loughlin (Minister of Mines),
by the Department of Mines,
EI. Y. L. E.EROWN, F.G.S.,
{}()WERNMENT (#E0L0(#IST.
3 belaibe:
BY AUTHORITY: C. E. BRIsTow, Gover NMENT PRINTER, NoKTH TERRACE.
1899.





%cºcº I./
f : . 3 -v- S /
, * PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
-- mºsº, sº mºnº-
the “Record of the Mines of South Australia " for the express
purpose of presenting to the public “a fairly reliable record of the
mining operations conducted in this province.” It was issued under
the authority of the Government, and was followed by a second and
more complete edition in 1890. This was gratuitously distributed, to
the extent of nearly 10,000 copies, at the Mining and Metallurgical
Exhibition held in London, with the view of directing attention to the
extensive and varied mineral resources of the province. Though every
possible endeavor was made to collect for that edition full particulars
regarding the mines, it was found that reliable information was not
obtainable respecting a very large number of mining leases and claims.
With the compiler of the present edition (Mr. E. H. Derrington), which
is so much larger and more complete than its predecessors, we have still
to regret the existence of that same kind of difficulty. Great care has
been taken to make the information contained in the present issue
as correct as circumstances would allow, though it will always be
necessary to bear in mind that the returns herein published—particu-
larly in regard to the quantity of gold produced—can never be
considered absolutely exact, because there are many prospectors whose
earnings do not come under the cognizance of the Government officials;
besides which a quantity of gold, by no means inconsiderable, is used
in local manufactures and exported privately, of which no account is
rendered. * * : -. - 1 r *
& IN 1887 the Government Geologist prepared the first edition of
In consequence of the great advance in the price of copper—our
great staple mineral—which has taken place recently, it was dee g
expedient that an early edition of the copper section of the “Record.”
should be published for the information of those engaged in copper
mining. This has been done, and the other sections, namely, gold,
silver-lead, and numerous miscellaneous minerals, are added in the
present issue. For facility of reference a general index has been
appended. . . . - - - -
H. P. L. BROWN, Government Geologist.
L. C. E. GEE, Warden of Goldfields.
Adelaide, May, 1899, -

E R RATA.
NoTE.--Frequent changes of names of mines (some even bearing two or more concurrently) give
rise to great inconvenience and cause annoying inaccuracies. The only information available to the
compiler has been in some instances incorrect, and has led to errors, which are herewith corrected
where attention has been directed to the matter. Thus— -
In substitution for “Mount Fitton Mine," page 34, read—
Mount Fitton Mine.—Situated 16 miles N.E. from Mount Freeling Police Station, Area,
320 acres. There is a large outcrop of limestone iniermixed with arenaceous sandstone, iron, and
nodules of copper, galena, and impure cerusite. . It has a strike 20° N. of W., and is about 15ft.
wide. The Inspector (1890) reported a shaft 40ft. deep in the lode, and a drive to cut the footwall.
Sampling from the lode gave good returns of silver and lead. Further sinking and testing were
recommended. In December, 1897, it was stated by the owners that one shaft had been sunk to a
depth of 100ft. (timbered), which cut through the lode at about 30ft. Ore from this lode assayed in
10 samples over 300Zs. silver per ton and 50 per cent, of lead, whilst a copper vein assayed 220zs.
silver per ton and 32 per cent, copper. There is an outcrop of yellowish ore carrying carbonates and
grey copper ore. The Government Geologist in February, 1899, reported that there is a wide lode
formation which has been worked to a depth of 56ft., and that a shaft was sunk 150ft., when, from
some unknown reason, work ceased ; so that for the want of 10ft. to 15ft. of driving the lode remains
unproved, though the favorable character of the lode at the 50ft. workings would lead to the
expectation of improvement at depth. - -
In lieu of “ Mount Fitton South,” pages 34 and 35, read the following:—
Mount Fitton South.-Situate 2% miles south from Billy's Springs, and within 20 miles of
the proposed Queensland Railway. Mr. Harrison, prospector, reported to the Mining Department
(September, 1898) that he and his mate had struck, at a depth of 47ft.; a solid body of copper ore in
a lode 4ft. wide. Four small parcels had been sent away (cost of carriage to Port Adelaide, £9 1s. 6d.
per ton), averaging 48* per cent, pure copper. Other parcels sent for treatment by the E. & A.
Copper Co., over 11 tons, gave 52% per cent. copper, and about 7 tons gave 423 per cent. The
prospectors stated that they have a large body of ore, but the great cost of transport retards develop-
ment of the mine. The Government Geologist reported in February, 1899, that the strike of the
lode is north and south, and the inclination 53° east. The shaft has been sunk to a depth of 60ft.,
following the dip of the lode. At the depth of 50ft, there is a drive 30ft. long, There is no doubt
about the existence of a rich shoot of ore, which will probably continue downwards to a considerable
depth, and the sinking of the shaft should be continued, and the lode proved by levels driven at
suitable intervals of depth. The tailings from the jigged ore showed on pan test fair prospects of
gold, and samples of tailings assayed gave the following results:—
Gold. - -- Silver. - Copper.
dwts. grs. dwts, grs. . . . per cent.
2 0 . . . . . . . . 2 21 tº º ſº º ſº º is º. 13°2
1 17 . . . . . . . . 3 23 tº ſº ſº º ſº º 10+
5 10 a s a s is tº e a 6 0 • * * * * * tº tº 18
1 3 . . . . . . . . . 4 13 tº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - # -
2 7 . . . . . is e º 4 5 tº e º 'º º a tº º 12}
The Goldfields Warden reported in the following April that work at the bottom of the mine was
difficult on account of bad ventilation, but remedial measures were being taken. Crosscuts to the
north and south upon the course of the lode disclose large and well-defined bodies of rich ore; and
at the bottom of the shaft yellow ore shows itself. About 7 tons of high-grade ore was ready at
surface for transport. Mr. Harrison stated that up to that time he had sent away about 100 tons of
ore, averaging 48 per cent, for copper. - - - -
- Bremer Mine.—This has been described as three and a half miles from Callington. It is
closely adjacent to that township, and was, we believe, formerly called the Worthing (or Worthing's
Mine), a mine of the same name being worked at the same period near Morphett Vale.
- Scott's Creek Mine.—Two mines—one near Callington (also called the Wheal Margaret) and
the other near Cherry Gardens—have been known by the same name, though 10 miles apart. The
last few lines of the paragraph “Scott's Creek Mine,” page 49, pertain to the “Wheal Margaret.”
* * ~ * * =' -- - - - - - -*4
**
For “Newopie,” page 39, read “Nepowie.”

IN DEx.
*
[NotE.—The letters C, ‘. 9. bindicate copper, silver, gold, and bismuth.]
- “...wº-rºr--rº-'gºt, as a ..,
18o
- Page. . - - - º
Aclare Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Barilla (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
“ North (s) ....... ................. 69 | Baroota Nob Gold Mining Syndicate ...... Ioš
Adams' Property (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 102 | Barossa Cement (g) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iob
Adelaide Beltana Blocks Silver Mining Syn- Barossa Goldfield . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . 105
- dicate . . . . . . . . 4 tº a tº a a º a u ę. 69 | Barossa Gold Reefs... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Io9
“ Copper Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Barossa Copper Mine... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
“ Gold and Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . I “. . . Deep Leads (g) . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * IO6
“. Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I25 “ Junction (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Aergunda Manganese Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I82 “ Redemption (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO9
Agery Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . tº º ſº e º s & E is T “ Treasure (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IoS
Aitchison's Claims (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO2 | Barritt's Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 I
Ajax Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . e s w = * IO2 | Basham's (s.and c) . . . . . . . . . & in º º 'º º is e º s e e t 3
Aladdin (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , IO2, I 43 “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Albert Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7o § { Prospect (s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Albion Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Baum's Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I Io
Algebuckina Gold Diggings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io2 | Belcher and Gray's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . I52
All Nations (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 || Belle of Barossa (g) .............. . . . . . . Io9
Alluvial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Beltana Broken Hill (Wariocta) (s)........ 71
Alma and Victoria (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I O2 “ Comstock Silver Mining Co. ...... 72
“ Extended (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO3 “. Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Almanda (s) . . . . . . tº s 6 & 8 s is a tº is is a º + c q x . . . . . 7o “ District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Angaston Prospecting Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . . IO3 “. Edith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Angaston Mine (e) ....... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * f “. King (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IOC
Angipena Treasure (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO3. “ North (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Ango Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I “ South Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . IOO
Anstey's Mine (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 “. Wheal Terrell Mining Syndicate (s) 100
Apex Hill () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 “ Winnowie Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . IOO
Appealinna (). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 | Belvidere (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º 3
Argosy Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 || Benalack’s Claim (c) . . . . . . * * * * * * m a. º. º. 9 s tº ºr 4
Arkaroola (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 | Bendleby Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Io
Arno Bay (Windittie) (e) ........ p t t t e º a tº 62 | Ben Lomond (Chambers') (s)....... ....... too
Aroona (Parara) (e)........ . . . . . . . . . . . ... 2 | Bertram's Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 114
Artepena Black Hill (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 79 | Bewley (0) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 186 | Big Ben (g) ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 114
Atlas () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 “ Ben Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II.5
Auburn Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . IoA, IoS ‘‘ Blow (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rio
Aurora Australis Line (g) ...... . . . . . . .... 130 “ Hill (8) ..... # * * * * * * s s is a e º 'º is a e s s a s . . 72
Australian Mining Company (e) . . . . . . . . . . | 2 | Biggs' Flat (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ... IIS
Avenue Gully (g) ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 | Billeroo (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 4
Avondale (s). . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 7o Billy's Springs (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iro
Ayliffe's Prospect (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 2 | Bimba Hill (e).......................... 4
Balaclava North (e). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 65 | Bingo (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
Bald Hill Gold Mining Co., K.I....... . . . . . Iod | Bird-in-Hand (g) ...................... 173
Bald Hill, Yorke Peninsula (e)............ 2 “ Extended (g) .......... . . . . . 174
Balhannah (e, b, and g) ....... tº * * * * * * * * 2, 104 || Birthday Line (g) . . . . . . . ............... 130
“ . . . . Freehold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 105 | Bismarck (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ Iof
Banksia (New Banksia) (g) ...... * * * s s is a s 105 | “. Prospecting Claim (g)............ IIo
Baratta Mine (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . 71 | Bitumen ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VI. INDEX.
Page. Page,
Black Hill Proprietary Silver Mining Co. . . IOO Burton's Mine..... ºn tº ... sº a s is a g º ºs º º tº a 4 a. s. c s sº II 2
Black Maria (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Buttamuk Mine (s).......... tº º 'º - © a º . . . . 72
Black Point Copper Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 || Caine's Lease (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * @ L is © tº dº 9
Black Nob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 * * * tº e º q . . . . . 66 | Caledonian (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Blackfellows' Creek Diggings (g). . . . . . . . . . I Io | Californian Claim (g) . . . . . º º ºr a tº e º 'º - e s is g º q II3
* { Reef (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I | Callana Copper Mine . . . . . . . . i e º 'º a tº º m º g º º Q
Blackler's Reward (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I43 | Cambrian Mine (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I25
Black Snake (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I52 | Cameron's Reef (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 13
Blackwood Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III | Campbell's Creek Mine (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Blair Athol (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 77 & & Silver Proprietary Co. . . . . . . . . 72
Blinman Mine (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * 4 | Carn Brea (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Block 45 (e)... . . . . . . . . . º, º 'º - † tº e is a s ºr w s tº a s 6 Carrieton, &c. (8) ....... * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . 73
Blue Star Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I77 Cartopo Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * s : I81
Bluestone (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * : * ~ * g wº tº º 7 Carver's Claims (g)..... s • * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - 167
Blumberg Blocks (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I52 Catarpo Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
£ 6 Boulder (g), . . . . . . . . tº º º dº º a º g º a 9. I52 Centennial Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
& 4 Development Syndicate (g). . . . . . 152 Central Brown Snake (g) . . . . . . . . . . tº ſº tº I 53
* { Gold Mines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Century Mine (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 º' g & 4 + 4. 9
{{ Gold Mining Syndicate . . . . . . . . 153 | Challa (e).............................. 9
“ Hannaford's (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 153 | Challoner (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I25
{{ Proprietary (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I53 | Chambers' (Ben Lomond) (8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6 & United (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I53 { { Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº º sº tº ºn a s ºr º II3
“ Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 88 “ Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . tº tº * * * * ~ * º 9
Bobbie Burns (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I59 Chapel Hill and Windlass Hill (g) , ....... 115
Bolland's Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . III | Chapman's Gully (g) . . . . . & a tº a s m s tº • . . . . . . I [5
Bon Accord (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * a s r. v . 7 £ “ Mine (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I5
Bonaventura (c) . . . . . tº a + · · · · · · is a s : * * * * * * * 7 | Chappel's Lode (c) . . . . . . . tº e º is a ºn tº tº ºr e º g g tº & 9
Boolcoomata () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Charlton Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . & . . [O
Booleroo Reef (g) . . . . . * : * * * * * * * * : s = ºr º e ... III | Charlton Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO
Bowker's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III | Cherry Gardens (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 73
Brady Claims (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I I I | Christmas Day Claim (g) . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * I31
Brady’s Hope (8) . . . . . . . . . $ 4 & 0 & 9 º' tº w = a is tº 72 £ 4 “ Rush (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIS
Breadalbane Mining Company (e) . . . . . . . . 7 Clara and St. Dora Copper Mine (Two Franks) Io
Breakell & Co.'s Claim (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IoS | Clarendon (s) . . . . . . . . . * * * G & © tº º e º 'º tº ſº º sº. 73
Break of Day (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I53 Clark's Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [O
{{ “ Rush (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I5 | Clive Copper Mine . . . . . . . & & tº ºf a ſº e º ſº a g ºn . . . I I
Bremer (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 7 | Cobalt and Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 181
Bremer's Property (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... III Cobra (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I53
Brennan's Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . tº tº º º is s s m s a I62 | Cockscomb West Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . 73
Bright Asbestos Co. . . . . . . . . ſº tº m is © & J & a º I86 || Cocoanut (c) . . . . . . . . tº $ 4 e º g tº G & º, ºn tº tº e º ºr e > II
Brilliant Gold Mining Syndicate ........ ... III | Coglin, Hundred of, sec. 163 ...... . . . . . . II
Brind's Mine (g) ..... ºn tº tº a s h 4 º' ºr a º tº gº º 'º e º is 174 Comet (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº a m ſº tº 4 + tº º a tº g º a tº 115
Britannia () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 7 | Confidence (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
“ Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 112 | Connemanna (e) .............. tº g º º is ſº ºl . . . II
Broughton Copper Mine................. º 7. { { “Copper Mine ...... . . . . . . II
Broken Hill Syndicate (s)............. . . . 72 “ “ Copper Mine West ....., II
“ “ (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 || Coodlamoonda Syndicate (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 73
“ and Waukaringa Gold Mine .. , 112 || Cooper's Claim ...... ... ................ tº
Brown Coal and Lignite ............ ... , 189 || Coorongite or Australian Caoutchouc ...... 180
Buckerfield & Co.'s Claim (g) ..... . . . . ... Ioë Copperer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Bugle Ranges (s)........................ 72 | Copperalinka Silver Mining Syndicate...... 73
Bullocky Gully (g)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 107 || Copper Hill...................... ...... 12
Bunyaroo Spring (g) ... . . . . . . . . . ....... , 112 | Copperenga (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Burgess' Reef (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 | Copper King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Burnside Gold Mining Syndicate .......... 112 || “ and Silver ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Burnt Pussy (6) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 66 “ Walley (Kooroona). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Burra Mine (e)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 || “ Top Mine () .................... 12
“ Gold Mining Syndicate ............ I 12 || Cornelius's Claims, Oonatra (e) ......... I2
Burrawing (e)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 || Coromandel Syndicate (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
INDEX.
VII,
Duscovitche's Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . .
I54
Eurelia, Hundred of (g) ...... . . . . . . ....
Page. Page.
Cornwall (New Cornwall) (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . I2 | Dutton's Mine (r) ...........'...'......... 15
Cottier's Hill (g)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IOG | Eagle Silver Mine ...................... 75
Countess of Jersey (g) .................. 168 | Earl Dalhousie (Jerry's) Mine .......... . . I5
Crinnis Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 | East Alma (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Criterion Mining Co. (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I 13 | East Balhannah Bismuth and Copper Mining -
£ ſº Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . tº s is 4 tº g º º . . I53 Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5
Crocker's Claim (c) . . . . . . . . . s v . . . * * * * * * * * * t3 | East Moonta . . . . . s s e º e s - e º is is e. © 4 is © P G - e. . 16
Crown Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº º 153 | East Paringa .......................... 66
Crow’s Claim (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... I 13 | Easter Gold Mining Syndicate ............ 143
Crozier and Shepherd's Claims (g) . . . . . . . . 148 | Easther's Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Crystal Brook . . . . . . . . ºn º ºr º ºr º ºs º º & E. tº G & º ºs º ºr 188 | Eastward Ho! (g) . . . . . ſº tº & ſº e º ºr a tº º . . . . . . . [3]
Crystal Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I 15 Ebenezer Claim (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 154
Cumanilla Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . in ºr m + c → * * * * 74 Echunga Goldfield ......... ... . . . . . . . ... 114
Cumberland Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I3 Echunga Gold Mining Company ......... . I I6
Cunliffe Copper Syndicate. ... ... . ........ 13 “ Government Prospecting Party ... I 16
Curramulka () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I3 Eclipse Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to $ tº a º ſº tº 6 & 122
Currency Creek Special Survey ....... tº a s” 13 Eclipse Mine East (g)........ • • . . . . . . . . . . I22
& “ Copper Mining Syndicate... 13 Edgar Giles Mining and Prospecting Co. 75
Cutaway Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . 4 * * * * * * * * 13 | Ediacara Blocks (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & © º - 75
4 tº Hill (g) ....... * * * * * * * * † - it tº + - E. I 13 { { Silver Mine. . . . . . . . ... e. tº tº e º 'º - . . . . . 75
Cuttlefish Manganese Syndicate .......... 182 “ Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Daisy Copper Mine...................... 14. “ Consols (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Dalton's Claim (g) ...... • & © tº º Aº ‘º s m ºr ºn tº ſº tº . 131 || Ediowie Copper Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . . I6
Dalhousie Syndicate (s).................. 74 || Edwards' Copper Mine .......... . . . . . . . . 16
- * { “ (g) . . . . . . . 4 tº s º f a • . . . . II.3 “ Rush (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Daly Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 || Edgardo Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I22
Dalkey Hill (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Eiffel Tower and Victoria Tower Group (g). 167
Dam Gully (g). . . . . . . . . . . . † - © . . . . . ... ... 162 | Elatina Copper Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Dan O'Connell's (Pflaumberg's) (g)..... ... 153 | Elder's (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº & 4. & E. & e ∈ . I6
Day Dawn (9)... . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * ... I 13 “ Section (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I54
Dark Hill (8) .................... . . . . . . 74 | Eldridge & Trinder's Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
“ “ Proprietary Silver Mining Syn... 74 Eleanor Claim (g) .............. tº tº 8 tº º ºr º e 177
Darke's Peak . . . . . . # * 0 tº * * * * * * * = N = 0 < * ... 74 Electra (y) tº tº a gº ºn " . . . . . . . . . . . I22
Dart's Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 13 | Ellen Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . tº € 4 & 5 º º & e º 'º ... I'82
Davell's (c) .......... . . . . $ tº a º º tº a tº º e º e ºs I4 | Elliot & Clark's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISI
Davison's Claim (0) ... . . . . ... . . . . . . ... 14 | Elsie Adair () ............. q is e s tº e . . . . . 16
Dawes' Diggings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 “ Brown (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . tº * * * * * * ... ... 154
DeBaum's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 “ May Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I31
Debney's Farm (g)......... . . . . . . . . . . ... I I4 Elvena Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Dempewolfe's Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 14 | Emily Mine () ........................ 77
Depôt Creek Copper Mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 Emu Copper Mine ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 16
Derrington Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 || “. Creek Copper Mine ................ 16
Devon Consols (6) ...................... 14 “ Flat Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Diamond Jubilee (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº dº tº e º ſº I5 | Enterprise (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 106, 154
“ Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It “ Mining Co. (e) . . . . . . ... ...... 17
Doig's Claim (s and g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , 74, II 3 { { Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Dolly St. Beatrice (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . * : * * * * * * 66 || Esmonde (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Dolphin (6) ....... . . . . . . . ............. . I5 | Etna (m) . . . . . . . . . . . tº 9 & © tº ºs º is tº tº ſº tº $ & 0 & 0 tº e 182
Dominick Mine (g)..................... . . I54 | Euchre Pack (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Doora (e).... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 | Budunda Hope (9) ...................... 131
Downer's Prospecting Party (g) . . . . . . . . . . 114 | Bukaby (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Dr. Dixon's Prospecting Claim (g) ........ 74 “ Blocks (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 78
Ducer's Sliding Rock....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 “ Extended (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Duke of Cornwall (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 “ Hill (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Duncan's Prospect (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 “ South (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Dunn's Gully (g) ...... ...... . . . . . . . . . I77 | Buko Mine (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Durdan (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 | Eureka (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Duryea Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 “ Woodside (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 174
yIII. INDEX.
Page. Page.
Excelsior (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 154 | Golden Crown (g) ...................... I 17
“ Para Wirra (g) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 143 “ Crown, Talunga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I55
Ey's Mine (s)......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 “ Crown No. 2 (g) ........ ... ...... I55
Farina Syndicate (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * 17 “ Crown No. 4 (g).................. 156
Farrant's Claim (g) . . . . . 4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I 22 “ . Crow (g) . . . . . . . . * G - d ... s. “ . . . . . 177
Faugh-a-ballagh (g) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I23 “ Gate (g) . . . . . . . . . . • ‘ :- . 177
Ferguson's Claim, Moolooloo (g) . . . . . . . . . , 123 ‘‘ Gully (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . [24
Fifth Creek Central (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [7 “ Pile (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... II?
“. . . “, “ (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 “ Point (g) . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I24
Finke's Mine (s) .... ................ . Ioo “. Record (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
“ Springs () .......... . . . . . . . . . . . 79 “. Reef (0) ................. . . . . . . . I 16
Finnis () ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 “ Rise (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 16
Fireclay ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 185 “ Rise West (g).......... . . . . . . .... I to
Flack's Gully (g) ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 “ Slope (9).................... 124, 156
Flagstaff Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * I 5 “ Slope West (g) .................. 156
Flaxman's Valley (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 “ Tower (?) ............... . . . . . . . IG8
Flinders Copper Mine,................... 17 “ Whistle (g)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.
“ Mine (s) . . . . . . tº 4 + · · º ºs e º 'º º 0. * * 79 || Gollop's Gully (g) ... . . . . . . . w = s. * * * * * * * * * Io?
“ . . . Silver Mining Co. ............ . . . Ioo Gordon Mine (m)... ................ ... ... 182
‘‘ Gold Mining Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . I23 Gordon Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
“. Range Cobalt, Nickel, Silver, and Gordon & Stirling's Claim (g) ............ 131
Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Goshen (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I3 I
“ Range Gold .................... 123 Goslin's Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 162
“ Umber, Oxides, and Ochre Mine ... 185 | Gowland's Reef (g), ............ . . . . . . ... 124
Forlorn Hope (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 || Graefe’s Prospect (s) . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 8o
Forest Glen Goldfield.... . . . . . . . . . . ...... 123 Grand Junction (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Forest Range Diggings ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 || Gray's Prospect (s)..................... , 8I
Fountain Head, Woodside (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . I74 || Great Beltana Comstock (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8I
“ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 || “ Benowrie (e and s] ............... . I9
Fox’s Property (g) .......... tº a sº s ºn e s ∈ S. s ºr a I24 “ Bradford (e)...................... 66
Franklin Harbor (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . ſº a tº t a º ºr - 79 “ Britain (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Frenchman's Lode ........ ... . . . . . . . . . . . 17o “ Comstock (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 81
Friend Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * - 18 “ Consols (°). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fritheli’s Lease (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I8 “ Eastern (g) . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . I31
Frome Copper Mining Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . 66 “ Eastern Birthday and Virginia Group. I69
“ Well (s) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 79 “ Eastern, Wadnaminga (g) .......... 169
Furniss's Property (0) .................. 124 “ Extended Beltana Silver Mining Co... 100
Gammon Creek Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 “ Gladstone (e)................... ... 19
Garden Gully Mine (g) . . . . . . . . .......... I54 || “ Gladstone (s)................... ... 81
Gawler River (g)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 “Gorge () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 19
Gems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 “. Kirwan (6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
German Gully (?) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II6 “ Montezuma (e).................... 20
“ Reef Mine (g) .................. 155 “ Mount Lyndhurst (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Gibbons & Co. (g) ...................... I3 I “ Mount Lyndhurst Silver Mining Co... 100
Gilead P. Beck (s) ..... . . . . . .... . . . . . ... 79 “ Nevada Silver Mining Co. .......... Ioo
Gilles Gien Osmond (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8O “ Northern (Two Brothers) (c) . . . . . . . . 20
Gill's Bluff (e)..... . . . . . .............. ... 18 || “. Northern (s)...................... 82
Gladstone Flux ........................ 187 “ Northern Silver Mining Co. ........ 82
Glenalbyn () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 80 “ Union (g) ................ ........ 125
“ Mining Co. (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 “ Western Dark Hill Silver Mining Co., 82
Glen Dhu (0) .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 “ Wheal Orford, Reedy Creek (e)...... 20
“ Osmond Union (8) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . 8o “ Winnowie Central Silver Mining Co.. 82
“ Taggart (g)........................ 124 || Green and Gold Mine (e) ................ 20
Glenloth Well (g) .............. . . . . . . . . I24 | “ Olary (g)'............. . . . . I25
Goddard's (g) . . . . ............ ... . . . . . . . i43 || Green Hill Lead (g) .................... Ioé
“ Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 106 || “..' Hill Gully (g) .................... Iof
Gold Section 226 (g) .................... 169 || Greenock Creek (e).... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
“ “ 264........................ 170 || Gregor's Claim (e)...................... 20
“ Sections 156,157, and 236, Wadnaminga 168 Grey Dawn (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
INDEX. IX.
- Page. . . . . Page.
Griffith's Claim (c) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 | Inglewood (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Grunthal Copper Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 | Irenida Gold Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 163
Grunthal Mine (g) ... . . . . . tº º e i & 4 ºr a R is sº ºn º º 125 Iron and Flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 187
Gubbin's Copper Prospect ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Ironclad Prospect (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Gum Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Iron King (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . **
“ Well (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 I “ Monarch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Gumeracha Gold Venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 “ “ North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..., 187
4 & Syndicate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Ivey's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ........ 132
Gurr's Copper Venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2I Jackman's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... II.7
Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Jackson's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... II.7
Haddy's Reward (g) . . . . . . . . . . . tº is 4 ~ * * * II 7 || Jago & Harris's Prospect (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Hahndorf (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Jenkins' Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . * * * * tº s º ... ... 132
“ Gully (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 | Jessie Darling (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Hallett's Mine (e) ..... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 66 || John Brown (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . I 27
Hall & Edwards' Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I56 “ Bull, Echunga (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 17
Hall's New Find (g) . . . . . . * † s e º º tº a s tº a 4 e º II 7 “ “ Mine (Cocking's Warioota) (c) .. 22
Hamley Mine, Karkarilla (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . 2I “ “ Claims (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [70
“ Extended (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 “ “ Silver Mining Syndicate . . . . . . , , , IOO
Hamlin's Gully (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * , Io; Johnson's Gully, Gumeracha (g) ....... ... I78
Hamlin Mine (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Johnston's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 17
Hannaford's Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * > * * * 126 Joker (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº t e º e º ſº a . . . . . . . 83
Hardy's Prospect () ............. * † is B & tº 82 Jubilee Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . ..... ... 101
Harold's Claim (g) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Junction, Echunga (g) .................. 117
Harrison's Claim (Mount Fitton South) (c). , 2 I Junida (g) ..... * * * * * * * *... . . . . . . . . . ... 128
Iſarris’s Hill Copper Mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Jupiter Creek (g)................... ... ... I ºf
Hart's Claim (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Kadina Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ **
Hawker Syndicate (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 ‘‘ Section 339 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Haycock's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I 32 “ Section 233 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 23
Hay Walley (g) . . . . . in tº º ſº is , , º, º 'º º ºr • * * * * * I77 Kalkabury Mine (c) . . . . . . . * * * * * s w w a º . . . 23
Heaslip's Lease (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Kanappa (e) . . . . . . . & & J & & © . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 23
Heinrich's Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I56 || Kangarilla Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Heithersay's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 | Kangaroo Island...................... ... 84
Helene Silver Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 * : Gold . . . . . . . ........... ... ... 128
Hender's Property (s). . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . 82 “ Mine (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 18
Hercules Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Kanmantoo Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Hick's Silver Mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 * { West (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Hill's Section (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 || Kanyaka Mine (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * 23
Hindmarsh Gold Mining Syndicate (Prince Kaolin .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 183
of Wales).......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 || Kapunda Mine (e) ...................... 24
Hill, River Coal Co. . . . . . . • * - - - * * * * * * * * * I9 I “. Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I26
Hissey's Gülly (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of Karkarilla (Hamley) (e)................ 25
Hitché's Hill Lead (g) ............. . . . . . Io9 || Karkulto Mine (e) ............. . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Hog Bay (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 | Kathleen (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Holmes & Neilsen's Claim (0) ............ 22 || Kelly's Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Holmes & Radford's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 || Kergersland's Lease (g) ............ ...... 157
Homburg Claim (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 | Ketchowla (e) ............ • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Homé Mine (Home Shaft) (c) • - - - - - - - - - - º 22 | Keyneton Mine (s) . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . IOO
Hooper's Luck (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 || “. King () ...................... 84
Hope Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 “ Proprietary (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 84
Horseshoe Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 | King Mine (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 118
** Wenture (c) . . . . . . . . . . . tº a ºn in A ºn 4 66 || King's Bluff (y) ...................... ... 128
Hoskin's Warrakilla (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 | Kingston Mine (e) .................... ... 26
Howell's Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . I 56 || Kintore (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..., 26
Hutchinson's Claim (g) .................. 126 “ Hill (c and s).................... 26
Hundred of Noarlunga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 | Kirkeek's Treasure (g) .............. . .. 128
Hyland's Great Gun (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I27 | Kirwan (e) . . . . . . . . . . . ................. 26
Hynes' Reef (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 || Kitticoola (Reedy Creek) (c and g) ........ 149
Imperial Mint (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 || Klem's Claims (g) ...................... 171
Indicator Weins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 || KOajeune Mine (e) .................. .. 26
x. INDEx.
Page. - Page,
Kohinoof (c), , . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Macdonnell Hill Claims (c) ......, . . . . . . . 28
“ (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 | Macdonald Mine (e) . . . . . . .............. 28
Kooagnie (e)............................ 26 || Macfarlane's Mine (s).................... 85
König’s Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Mack's Prospect (s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Kooroona (Copper Valley) (c) ............ 26 || Maddigan's Claim (g) ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . I58
Kuitpo Gold Mining Syndicate. . . . . . . . . . . . 177 | Magill Mine (e) ....... tº a tº a tº ºn a 2 v 3 tº . . . . . . 66
Kulpara (Copper Hill) (e)....... . . . . . . . . . 27 Maitland Mine (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Kuntha Hill (coal) . . . . . . . . . . . . tº s. A & 4 W H M + tº 190 Malcolm's Barossa (Barossa Redemption) (g). 109
Kurilla Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 | Mallee Hut (e).......................... 29
Lady Alice (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 || Malone's Claim (c) . . . . . . . . a * * * * * * * * * * * * , 28
“ Buxton (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 | Malpas's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº # 4 + 4 º' h it tº s a ºn I 30
“ Elizabeth (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 85 Mammoth Black Ridge (e)...... ſº ºn tº $ 4 tº º ... 29
“ Edith (g) '........ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Mammoth Silver Mining Proprietary Co.... Ior
“ Emily (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 126 | Mandarin (6) . . . . . . . . ................. , 29
“ Franklin (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 129 Mangalo Creek (s) . . . . .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
“ Franklin (s) ...................... 85 | Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 182
“ Pearce (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to8 || “ Mine........................ 182
“ Smith Silver Mining Co............. Iol | Mannahill (8) ..................... . . . . . 85
Lake Torrens Mine (e) ... . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * 27 § { Proprietary Mine (s) ...... . . . . 85
** ** Silver Mine . . . . . & e º ſº ſº tº dº tº º ºs ºs 100 | Margaret Silver Mine.................... 101
Lambert's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 || Maria Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I37
Langford & Gadd’s Rush (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 || Marshall's (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Laura Gold Mining Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 || Mary Copper Mine ...................... 29
Lawrence's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 18 Mary's Gully (g)......... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... 107
Lease 1293 (e)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 | Matta Matta (e) ...... † - I ſº º is tº a º ^ = i, a t < * , a • 29
“ 852 (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 | Mattapara (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
“ 1326-27 (6) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 | Mattawarangala (c), .... • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
“ 472, Kangaroo Island (g). . . . . . . . . . . . 129 || May Queen (g) . . . . . . . . * º º tº B & a tº º & B & e ºs , I 34
Leases 634-5-6-7, Teetulpa (g). . . . . . . . . . . . I68 || McConville's (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 29
Leather and Chips (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 | McCormack's Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . * : * * * * . I 57
Legge & Walshe's Claims (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . I49 McGrath's Mineral Leases (s) ...... . . . . . . 86
Leigh's Creek Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 | McLean's Lease (g)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I34
* { { Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . * - ſº & tº a tº ºr a 28 McLeish’s Claim (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 29
“ Coal Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 | McMurtrie's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº a s a a º º . . . . 134
Lester's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 McVittiè's Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I57
Lewis's Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Meadow’s Reefing Co. (g) . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * I34
Ley's Syndicate (g). . . . . . . . . * * * g a s e a . . . . . 129 || Medora (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * . . . . . . . 134
Lilian Claim (g) . . . . . . . s h : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 157 Melville's Rush (g)....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io9
‘‘ Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . tº & G - tº * * * * * * * * I57 || Menkoo Mining Co. (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lloyd's Mine (9)........................ 157 | Menzie's Barossa North (g) ......... . . . . . Io9
“ Próspect (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 “ Barossa (Royal Phoenix) (g) . . . . . . Io9
“. Section (s)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Merchant's (g)....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 174
Lindó's Claim (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 184
Lindschau's Copper Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 || Mid-Alma Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • I34
Lipson's Cove (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 28 || “ Moonta (e) . . . . . . . . . * - s tº $ tº a 9 s s w w & ... 30
Little Crumb (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 157 || “. Northern Mining Co. (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . IoI
Lobethal (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 181 || Mier's Copper Prospect .......... . . . . . . . . 30
“. Reefs (g) . . . . . . . . . . • * a s s = < * * * * * 157 Mildaltie Mine (c and 8)......... . . . . . . . . . 30
Long Gully (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 18 “ “ (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
( & Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 118 Miller's Mine (e)........................ 3O
Lucky Hit (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Minburra (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
- “ Junction (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Mingary (New Lux) (g)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I35
. . . North (g) . . . . . . . . ............ 157 Mintaro (alluvial) (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I35
Lux (New Mingary; New Lux) (g)........ 129 || Mint (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
“ Extended (g) . . . . . . . . . . . & d tº ſº º f tº º a 4. . 130 Mizpah (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I 18
Lyndoch Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . 130 || Mochatoona (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .30
“ Walley Gold and Copper Mine .... 130 || Monarch's Head (c) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Mabel Extended Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . 85 Mons. Aureus Gold and Silver Mining Syn. 177
“ Silver Mining & Prospecting Syndicate 85 || Monster Lode (e)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 30

INDEX. x1
“ Kintore Claim (g)
Page, Page.
Montacute (c and g) tº # * * * * * * * * * * * * . 31, 135 | Mount Lily (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Montague's Nevada (s).............. 86 “ Liverpool () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Monte Christo (g) . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . I35 “ Lofty Copper Mining Syndicate .... 66
Moppa (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * I 35 “ Lofty Park Silver Lead Mine . . . . . . 87
“ Hill (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 “ Lyall (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Moojoolie () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 “ Lyell, Turnerton (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Mooloolie (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 “ Lyndhurst (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • , 35
“ South (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 “ Lyndhurst No. 2 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Moonta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 3 I “ Macdonald (9) . . . . . . . . tº º is tº º ſº a 2 & e ... I79
“ Consols (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 “ Magnificent (g) ....... . . . . . . . . . . . I37
‘‘ Gully (g) . . . . . . . tº e º Aº ºn tº º is is J. C. § a ... 107 “ Malvern (s) . . . . . . ........ & 4 & º Q wº 87
Moore's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . & & a t m º º ºr tº: I32 “ Mary Copper Mine, ... ..., . . . . . . . . 36.
Moore Bros.' Discovery (8) ...... * + … º. º. is ſº º 86 “ Moore Gold Mining Syndicate ...... 137
Mooroo Mine (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 “ Mulga (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Moorowie Copper Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 “ Mulga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I38
Mottram's Prospect (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 “ Nor-west (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Mottram Bros.” Claim (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 “ Ogilvie (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I38
Morialta (, and 8) .................... 86, 136 “ Ogilvie West (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 181
Morphett's Mine (e) .......... tº it tº º in tº ... .. 66 || “ Ogilvie New Find (g) . . . . . . . 138
Mortlock’s Mine (e)... . . . . & e i s m s m = t w = * * * 66 “ Ogilvie West (iron) ..... # tº º is e s a s. 181
Mountain of Jight (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 “ Osmond (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Mount Barker Special Survey . . . . . . . . 32 “ Pangabus (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
“ Bold (0) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . &2 “ Perseverance (Megaw's) (c) ........ 37
“ Bold (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 “ Pleasant Diggings ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . I58
“ Bourne (c) ..... § - E + E. E. G. tº º 66 “ Pleasant Gold Mining Co........... 144
“ Brandt Gold Mining Co. 4 tº a 9 tº I36 “ Pleasant Reefing Syndicate (g)...... 144
“ Burr (6) ... . . . . . . . . 4, a m + s m . . . . . . 33 “ Remarkable (c) ..... • . . . . . . . . . . 37
“ Carry (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 ‘‘ Rhine Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . , 88
“ Chambers (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 “ Roebuck Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . Ion
“ Charles (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75 ** Rose (c) . . . . . . tº ſº tº w ł & © e º 4 c s e º a . . 37
‘‘ Coffin (c) . . . . . . . tº a º º 'º 5 & e s a tº a º º is 33 “ Rose North (c) ..... • . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
“ Coffin (g) . . . . . . . . . . . tº it iſ º g º 4 m º º º . . I37 “ Rufus (g). . . . . . . . . tº º º e º 'º 6 tº ſº a tº e º 'º - 138
“ Craig (g) . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * tº a 4 1 s a tº 136 “ Rugged (Patawarta) (c)..........., 38
“ Craig (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . # * : * * c e ſº 33 “ Serle (8) ........................ 88
“ Cultâlga (g) . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 172 “ Stuart (c) . . . . . tº º tº a tº - • . . . . . . . . . . . 38
“ Deception (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 “ Torrens (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 138
“ Desire (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 33 “ Venture (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I39
“ Distance (s) . . . . . . . * * * * * * * B tº º tº $ tº , , 87 “ Victoria (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 139
“ Dutton Range (g) . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * ... I36 || Muldana (e)........ .. d tº º s º O s a n e s s e º e a m . 38
“ Elkington (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 || Muldoon's Claim (g) . . . . . tº 8 e º sº dº tº . . . . . . . . 139
“ Emily (e)...... tº 8 + W. & 4 s tº º . . . . . . . . . 33 Muldanippa Hill Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . Ion
“ Euro (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Mules' Yard (c) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
“ Frederick Silver Mining Association. IoI Murninnie Mine (o) .................... 38
“ Freeling (s)...... * * * * * u, º ſº, º ſº ºr ºn . . . . 87 { { Bismuth and Copper Co. ... ... 179
“ Fitton (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Musgrave Mine (e)...................... 66
“ Fitton (e). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 i Mutooroo Mine (0) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 38
“ Fitton Copper and Silver Mining “ Extended (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 “ West (e)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
“ Fitton Consolidated (6) ... . . . . . . . . . 34 § { Copper and Silver. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
“ Fitton South (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Myponga (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 139
“ Grainger (g) .............. . . . . . . 136 | Nackara (e).................... • . . . . . . , 39
“ Griffith's (0) ... . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 35 { { Mining Co. (8).......... . . . . . . . . IoI
“ Gunson (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 | Nairne (e)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 39
“ Hematite (iron) .................. 187 Nalyappa (Wilkawat) (e) ............ . . . . 39
“ Hemming (e) . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 | Nantawarra (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
“. Howden (º) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 | Napoleon (8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
“ Jagger (iron) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS7 | Neate's Copper Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 39
“ James (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * IoI Nectar Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 132
I37 | Nepowie (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
XII.
INDEX.
- Tage. - - Page.
Nest Egg Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . I75 | North and South....... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Nevada (e) • *, *, * ... • *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 “ Australian (0) .................... 67
“ Mine (s)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 “ Beltana Syndicate () . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 89
New Ajax Consolidated (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 “ Britain (e)...... ............ . . . . . . 67
“ Alma and Victoria (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H4O “ Devon (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
“ Burra Burra (Warrawilka) (0) . . . . . . . . 40 Gladstone (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IOI
“ Cornwall (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 “ Kapunda (e)... . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . 42
“ Devon (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * 40 “ Mount Rhine Silver and Ochre Mine. 89
“ Discovery (g)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO9 “ “ “ “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
“ Eclipse (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75 & 4 Mutooroo (°). . . . . . ........ tº tº º A & © tº º 42
“ Ediacara (s)....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 “ Nairne ()............ . . . . . . . . . . . . i4
“ Ediacara Consols (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 “ Para River (g).................... I4I
“ Enterprise Gold Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . I4O “ Poona (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
“ Era Gold Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75 “ Rhine (0) ..... • • - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
“ Era South Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 75 “ Tunkillo Mining Corporation (c) . . . . 42
“ Gawler (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 “. . Wallaroo (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 42
“ Golden Record (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 140 “ Warrakila (g) ................. . . . I IQ
“ Heckla (c) . . . . . . • - - - - - - . . . . . s is a º – a 67 “ Yelta (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 42
“ Milo (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 169 | Northern Consolidated (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
“ Moonlight (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 | North-East Doora (c) ......... • . . . . . . . . . . 67
“ Moonta (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " * is e : B & 4 & 1 & 40 “ Matta (e)............... • * * * * 42
“ Mid-Moonta (e) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 “. . Moonta () .................. 41
“ North Crystal (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I 18 || North-Eastern Syndicate (e)........... ... 171
“ Paramatta (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . & s s e i s : * * 40 | Nor’-West Prospecting Co. (g)....... • . . . . I42
“ Reedy Creek (e)............ . . . . . . . . 40 Normanville (iron) ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 188
“ Republic (°). . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I44 “. . . º Coal Co.. ... tº is ºn 4 + · · ... • * * * * * ... 191
“ Rush (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 118 Nuccaleena (e).......................... 42
“ Stirling Reef (g) . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * 140 || Nuggetty Gully (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & sº u e º e g Io?
“ Tipara () . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . ... 4o Oladdie (Exeter) (e) . ... . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 43
“ Venture (g) ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 “ Mine (e)........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
“ Wallaroo (e) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 “ Section 45 (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 43
“ Warrioota (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IOI “ Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 43
“ West Waukaringa (g) ...... . . . . . . 177 | Olary Copper Mine . . . . .. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • 43
“ Year's Eve (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I44 “ Copper Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
“ Yelta Copper Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4O “ Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Newman's Claim (c) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 “ Mine (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I42
Nichol’s Nob (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a a s , s , a s 141 | Old Bundaleer Copper Mine . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 43
“ Gold and Copper Mining Syndicate 40 “ Nairne Consols (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
“. . (6) ............................ 40 “ Noll's Mine (e).............. . . . . . . . 43
Nickel Mining Co. . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . 181 || “ Strathalbyn Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Nil Desperandum (e).................... 67 || “Welcome (e)........................ 44
Nildottie (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 “ Workings (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17o
Nilpena Copper Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - 41 || Onetree Hill (Shillabeer's) (g) ............ 142
Nillinghoo Gold Mining Co. .............. 141 Onkaparinga Copper Mine...... • * : * ~ * . . . . . 44
“. . . Birthday (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 I “ Diggings (g) ................ 119
“ Eastern Blocks (g) ............ 141 Oodla Wirra (g) .......... ... .......... I42
“. Extended (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 I “. . Flux ...................... 188
“ Goldfield (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 I £ & South Mine (s)...... . . . . . . . . 90
“. . Lookout Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 141 Oonartra (e)....... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
“. . Proprietary (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [42 Ophir Mine (e). . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... 44
“ Western Blocks (g)............ 142 “ (?) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Niltibury Mine (s)............. . . . . . . . . . 88 Oraldana Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Nitrate Deposits.......... ... • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Oratta (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 67
Nitschke Copper Mine ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 | Oratunga Copper Mine ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Niven's Lease (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 || “ Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Nob Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 || Orient (Cumberland) (e)....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Nonpariel () ......................... . . 41 Oulnina Reefs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . I43
“ Silver Mining Syndicate ........ Iol Oulnina Mine (s)........................ 90
No Gammon Reef (g).................... 132 || “ Towers (9), ............ . ........ 168
*;

INDEX. xIff.
Prince Alfred (°). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
. . Page Page.
Outalpa Gold Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I42 | Prince Albert (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Overland Corner (e)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 || “ Albert Silver-lead Mine ...... . . . . 91
Padmore & Co.'s Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 || “ Albert Gold Silver and Bismuth Mine 147
Parra Wirra Gold Reefs ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . I43 “ Albert Copper Mine .............. 67
Para Mine (e) '............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 “ . Albert Mine (e) ..... ... .......... 67
Parabana Hill Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . ......... 45 || “ of Wales (e).......'............... 48
Parabarana Mine (e) .................... 45 Princess Royal (e) ...................... ', 48
Parachilna Gap (e) . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . 45 | Provincial Mining Co. (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ior
Paramatta Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 | Prosperity Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 159
Parara (e). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 | Prout's Manganese Mine ................ 182
Paratoo Copper Mine . . . . . . ſº tº 4 tº 6 º' + = - a m a 45 Pulpara and Caroona United (s) . . . . . . . . . . IoI
Paringa Mining Co.'(s) .................. 90 | Puttapa Mining Co. (s) '.............. ... '91
“ Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 | Queen Bee (e and g) '.................... . 48
Parliamentary Claims (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75 “ Mine (g) ................ 119, 147, 177
Palmer Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 ‘‘ of Sheba (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 145
Pape's Claim (g) ..... '•' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... I 77 “ Victoria Extended (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Para Wirra Prospecting Syndicate (g)...... I45 Quartz Blow (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I IQ
. “ Freehold Proprietary (g) . . . . . . I45 Quorn Comstock (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Partridge’s Prospect (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 “ Loco. Syndicate (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Patawarta Mine (e)...... * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 “. . Manganese Mine. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [83
Patsey’s Springs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Rae's Claims (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Peake Goldfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I46 Ramsey's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I59
Pearson's Claim (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I47 | Ravensburg Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 91
Peela Weela (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * 46 Rawnsley’s Bluff (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Penang (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Recompense (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [42, 159
Penny-Richardson's Gold Mining Syndicate. I58 || Redhill Lead (g) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 107
Penrhyn Mine (g) . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * 158 “ Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io9
Peralilla (s) . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 | Reedy Creek (e) ........................ 48
“. Flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 “ Creek (Kitticoola) Gold Mining Syn. I49
Perry's Claims (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 | Reefs near Putt's Well ...... . . . . . . . . .... I48
Percival's Discovery (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 | Republic (6):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... " IOI
Perseverance (8) “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 | Rhynie Mine (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Peter's Hill Silver Mine ............ . . . . go Rhineberg Proprietary Silver Mining Co. . . . . 91
Phillip's Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * is a a 46 | Rhine Valley Silver Mining Co. .......... 91
‘‘ Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iſ nº ºf 90 | Rhondda Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
“ United (g) .................... 126 Ridge Gold Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Phosphatic Deposits .................... 184 Riley’s Discovery (c) ....... • . . . . . . . . 48
Phoenix Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Rischbeith's Well (g)..... y - E 4 e ſº s & & e º 'º tº ...”. I49
“ Mining Co. (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Riversedge Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
“. Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io9 Roberts and Padmore's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . I33
“ Gold Mining Co........... ... ... I 19 Robertson's Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Pidinga Lignite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Robertstown Silver Field ..... . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Pimponda (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 || Rocky River (g) ...... . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Pindelpena (e).............. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 | Roper Gold Mining Syndicate ............ 149
Pine Hut Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 || Roseberry Gold Mining Co. ............. , 177
Pipeclay Reef (g) ............ . . . . . . . ... I 59 || Roseman & Co's Claim (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io9
Plane & Riddell's (New Crystal) (g) ...... 119 || Ross Bros.” Claim (g).... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Pliocene Leads (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 || Roseworthy (c) . . . . tº º ºs e º ºr ºr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Poatt's Sections (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 158 || Royal Blackbird (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 159
Poona (e) . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 “ Charlie Gold Mine................. 149
Poonawurta (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 “. Keyneton (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Poor Man’s Gully (g) - tº G & ºn tº a ſº tº . . . . . . . . . . . I IQ ** Mint (s) ck tº de E. E. e º º ye. * ...nº º 'm s Jº a tº tº a ... . . . . . . . .92
Port Adelaide Syndicate (g) .............. 158 “. . Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367
Port Augusta Coal Prospecting Syndicate ... 191 “ Mining Co. (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Port Lincoln (C) ........................ 47 Royston Roberts' Leases (g) .............. 150
Potter's Claims (g) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 132 Rufus Silver-lead Mine ....... • . . . . . . . . . . 92
Preamimma (e) '.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Russack's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Premier Copper Mine.... ........ ... ... , 47 | Rutile -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Ryan's Copper Mine ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
XIV. INDEX.
. . . . . . . . Prince Albert (8) . . . . . . . .
- . " Page. Page.
Sailor's Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & b > e a tº ºf 120 | South Australian Pyrites and Gold Mining Co. 150
S ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 | “. Creek () ........................ 5
Saltia Copper and Coal Syndicate . . . . . . . . 49 “ Crystal (g) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2O
Sawmill Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 “ Devon (e)........................ 5
Schmidt's Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 “ Doora () ........................ 5
Scott's Creek (0) .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 “ Echunga (g)...................... i20
“ Creek Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 “ Hamley (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
“ Diggings (g) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I45 “ Kanappa (g)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
“ Mine (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º & a s Q & tº a . I83 “ Kapunda (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
“ Queen Victoria Gold Mine Corpora- “ Kurilla (e)...................... ... 67
tion Claim . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 160 “ Moonta (c) . . . . . tº a tº $ & 4 & a tº a & © tº a 51
Scrubber's Camp (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 187 “ Mutooroo Blocks (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Sebastopol Mine (g) tº ſº ſº tº ſº tº ſº º ſº a tº º is a p I50 “. Reedy Creek (g) ......... . . . . . . . . . 177
Section 41, Clare (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 I “ Wallaroo (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
“ 89 and 90, Kuitpo (g) ........ . . . . 151 | South-East Discovery (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I50
§ { 108, Talunga (g) • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 59 { Doora () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SI
“ 125, Talunga (g) ....... . . . . . . . . . I 59 “ Moonta (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 67
“ 126, Talunga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 || Spear Creek (e) .................... . . . . 5 I
“ 264, Wadnaminga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17o | Spike Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO7
“ 289, Kuitpo (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 151 || Spring Creek (c) . . . . . . . . . # * * * * * * * g º º ſº º is ſº 5i
“ 1305-6, 6625, 6396, Talunga (g) . , 159 || Springfield Freehold Silver-lead Mining Syn. Ior
“ 5339, Echunga (g)...... . . . . . . .... 120 Steinback's Claim (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
“ 6334, Talunga (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 159 | Standard (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . * ºn g º g º ſº . . . . . . . . 67
“ 6335, Talunga (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 59 “ Silver Mining Syndicate ........ IoI
“ 6396,6624,6625, and 116, Talunga (g) 158 || Stanley Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
“ 6397, Talunga (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 | Star of Adelaide (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IGO
“ 6511, Talunga (y). . . . . . . . . . . . .... 158 { { No. 2 (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
* 5539, Onkaparinga (g) . . . . . . . . . .... 151 | Stirling Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . I2O
“ 6558, Talunga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [58 “ Co. (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . is tº * : * * * . I 77
“ 6572 and 1673, Talunga (g), ....... 158 || Stony Creek (g) . . . . . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... I60
{{ 6593, Talunga (g) tº m h : ſº G is a s a s = * . . . . I 59 Strawbridge's Gully (g) A Q & ſº ſº ºn i º tº . . . . . . tº tº ſº ſº I63
“ 6625, Talunga (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 16o | Strathalbyn Mines (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
** 6626, Talunga (g) . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * . 160 | St. George (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
“ 6627, Talunga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I59 “Patrick's (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I45
“ 7117, Talunga (g)................ 160 | Sunbeam (s). . . . . . . * † ºn º º is is is º º sº º º i º ºr • * * * * 93
Sellick's Hill (g) . . . . . . • * * * * * ............ 150 Sunny South (y). . . . . . . # , º, ø, º º is tº $ in tº ºr iſ tº I2O
“ (s)........................ 93 | Tabular Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I92
Shale Deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 191 Talisker Mine (s)....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Sheaoak Log (c) . . . . . . . § º is ſº tº . . . . . . . . . . , , 67 | Taltabooka Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5I
Shepherd's Gold Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 I “ Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I51
Shetjche's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . .......... 145 || Talunga Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Silverina (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . ... 49 Talunga Goldfields Development Co. ...... . I6o
Simmons' Lead (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 || Tambaroora Line of Reefs (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Simond's Gully (g)...................... 120 | Taree () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Sims' Rush (g). . . . . . . . . . ................ 108 || Taylor's Claim (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Sir Dominick (e)........................ 49 | Teatree Gully Silver Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Slaty Rock Mine (c) . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 & 4 (coaſ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Sliding Rock Mine (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . & 50 | Teatree Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 53
Smithfield (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ... 145 | Teetulpa Goldfield ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Smith's Olary (0) .............. . . . . . . . . 50 | Teetulpa Reefs (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
“ Claim, Wadnaminga (g) ...... 133, 171 | Terry's Show (8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Snug Cove (s)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº º & O 93 || Three Blocks Syndicate (s) ..... . . . . . . . . . 95
Sod Hut Mine (c) ............... . . . . . . . 67 | Tiddy Widdy (8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
South Australian Co.'s Copper and Lead Mine 51 Tieca (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
“ . Broken Hill () . . . . . . . . . . 93 | Tilka's Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I64
tº . . . “ (g) .......... 170 | Tipper's Lease (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
“ . . Manganese Mine . . . . . . . . 183 Torrens River (2) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
“ . . Mount Morgan (g)........ 177 “ Mine (C) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
. Tower Hill (e)........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 53
INDEX. xv.
*rk Page. - *:
Towitta Silver-lead Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º Wº..."... .............. ſº
Toy's Golden Slope North (g) ........"...º. Wandita () ........................ . . 57
“ Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 j 160 Warcowie Claim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
#ºsiº........... : Wº.................... 171
Trengoff Gold and Silver Mine............ 164 W. (6) ........................ 87
Tresevean Mining Co. (e)................ º: wºwº, ... . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Trevue Mine (g) © p > * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº º 95 || Warrina Copper Mining Syndicate . . . . . . . . 57
Trinkaleena Mine (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Warrakibla Broken Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2I
Trinity Copper Mine . . . . . # s a a º 'º º a s a s º º * . * { North (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
tº.................. à º'.................... .
Triumph Syndicate (g) . . . . . . . * * * : * > & d iſ º & .. “ South (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
º - Talunga (g) tº º ſº º ſº e tº a g º ſº º, º is $ º: . I33 ſ & South Extended (g). . . . . . . . . . . . I? I
i.º. 53 Warrioota (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
†. tº ...... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I42 & Silver Mine • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #
£alil (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * *
ry A Para Wirra (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I46 Wºº.…::::::::::::: 95
Tumby () ... . . . . . . . a º ſº º a • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º & t § • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4 tº Mining Syndicate ::::::::::::: 53 Waterloo Claim (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Tungkillo (c) g is is a s a lº m = ± s : * V tº º in is is 54 Wattle Blossom (g).... * g º is “ ſº . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Turnerton (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ and Dab (e)... . . . . . . . . . tº ſº ºn 3 tº ºf a tº a ... 58
Two Brothers (e).... . 4 & A iſ a tº y º in º • * * * * * * 54 Watts' Gully (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
“ Franks (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº $ $ * “ Sugarloaf (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Two-in-the-Bush (g) . . . . . . . . . tº º a W. J . * * * * Io? | Watson's Workings (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.
Two-Speck Gully (g) . . . . . . . . . tº a 4 tº in a ſº I65 Waukaloo (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Twigham Diggings (g) ... . . . . . . . . ... ". . º.º..................... ;
Ukaparinga (e).: ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Webb and Robertson's Claim () .......... 58
Ulooloo Copper Mine ....... * I is is . It is ſº º t e is 16; Weepowie and Niltebury (s) . . . . . . . ... . . . . 9%
“ Goldfield ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 | Welcome Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Umberatana (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 | Wegener's Sections (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 161
United Consols (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . tº a g º L. M in Wagner's Reef ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Uncle Tom Silver-lead Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; W. ...................... I33
Union Jack (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; west Aim'o' tº ſº tº # * is ſº sº ſº tº º ſº tº ſº ſº º I gº . . . . . . 172
*:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: # "º"...º................ ',
{{ Mine (g s & a 4 tº º is ſº tº a u q r * * * * * * * * * * { % - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Wºº.................: ; , º, ............ ... 96
Vesey's Claim () ............. | | | | * [.. I s ſº º ſº ſº. : * { Waukaringa (g) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Visºry Mineº ... . . . . . . . º 55 | Western River Silver Mine .............. 96
Copper Mine ºn tº º ſº º ſº ::::::::::::: 95 | Westward Ho (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
v.º.º.º............... 67 | Wheal Acraman ()...................... ;
* : * ~ + · · is ºn tº a C is ºn tº ºn is ºr 41 g is ºn tº tº ſº in ſº $ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
“ Gold Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io9, º º º :::::::::::::::::: . . . 59
£ & Hill () e is p ∈ is tº s º º ſº 9 m s s a s is s s a s a I2 I “ Barton (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 59
{{ Mine (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 is . . . tº ** Bassett Copper Mine . . . . . . . . . . . * * * 59
“ Mint Silver Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . 95 “ Besley (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
{ { Reef Mine (g) e is a g º º a w w tº $ tº # 4 ºl * * * ; § { ... ................ 67
$ i Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * = a tº ſº. I 2 I ** Blinnam (e) * a e º ºs º º iſ a tº a º q t t e s is & t e 59
Victor George (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 “ Butler (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº E u is tº £ tº E 59
Victory Gold Mining Co. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . º: “ Coglin (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Vienna Claims (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º ſt 5. (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 59
Virginia (g) . . . . . . . ... a = * G - G - ... . . ; * Ellen Silver Mine ................ 96
Vocovocana (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * g- 56 “ Emma (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IoI
Vulcan (c) . . . . . 0 s in tº e s is a s is is t t e e º is a s tº * * * * * 5 § ine . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Wadnaminga Goldfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - º & 4 . º . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Wakefield (c) ...... § { q ∈ g º ºs p q > t is tº b & ſº ſº º q & º “ Francis (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I IO
“ Gully (g) In g º tº ſº º ſº ºr ſº tº . . . . . . . . . . . . & 178 * { Friendship (e). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Wallace's Gully ....... tº e º a tº e º 'º º ºs º O ſº ſº ... tº ** Frost (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Wallaroo Mine (c) ....... ſº a ſº º ºs. º 'º º Aº º º . . . . 5 * * G icº . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
§ { East (New Cornwall) (e) • * * * * * * 56 6 (; &W e ::::::::::::::::: tº º is º 60
“ Hundred of, Section 661 (e)...... 56 Gleeson (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xvi.
INDEx.
. r Page. - - - - - Page
Wheal Gold ...... ... . . . . . . . . ......... 60 | Wilpena Hill Proprietary (s).............. 99
“ Goyder (e) .................. .... 60 | Winckler's Claim (s)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
“ Grainger (s) .................... for Windittie (e) .......................... 62
“ Hancock (e) .................... 60 | Windlass Hill (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 121
“ Harmony (e) .................... 67 || Winnininnie Gold and Silver Proprietary Co. 172
Hughes (e) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 60 l Winnowie Consolidated (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
“ Humby (e)...................... 60 Winning Hope Silver Mining Co. ........ Ioo
“ James (e)...... . . . ~ * * * * * * * * * a a n s w 6o Wiperaminga (e)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
“ Margaret (8) .................... 97 || Wirrawilkä (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
“ Maria (e)........................ 6o | Wirrialpa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .99
“ Mary () ........................ 98 || Woman in White, Mount Cultalga (g) . . . . 172
“ Mary (e)................ . . . . . . . 67 || Wombat (e)........ ...... . . . . . . . . . . ... 63
“ Mixter (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 || Wonga Wonga (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
“ Nitschke (a) '..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 | Woodhouse Estate (s) ..... . . . . . . . . . IOO, 172
“ Prosper (e)...................... 60 Woodlóómoolka (c). . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . 63
“ Rodgers (s)............... ....... 98 || Woodnamooka (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
“'Tose () ... . . . . . .............. ... 98 || Wolseley Mine (s) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iol
“ Sarah (e).................... ... , 61 || Wonna Gold Mining Syndicate . . . . . ... 67, 173
“ Stuart (e)........................ 61 || Woodside Mines (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
“ Susan (e)........................ 61 “ Gold Mining Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
“ Turner (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I “ Consolidation Syndicate (g)...... 176
“ Virgin (c) . . . . . . . . . tº E * : * * * * * * * * * * 67 || Worthing Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
“ Watkins (s).... . . . • . . . . . . . . * - 7 - © tº 98 || Wyacca Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 63
“ William (e)............. . . . . . . ... 67 || Yalpoodnie (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Wheelbarrow Range (s), ................. 98 || Yattagolinga (e)............... . . . . . . . . . 64
Whyte Park (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 61 || Yedla (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Wickham Hills (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 || Yelta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Wicklow Hut (s)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 || Yongala (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Wilkawat (Nalyappa) (c) . . . . . . • * . . . . . . . # 62 Yootoomookina (c) & a tº G & ºr a tº . . . . . . . . * * * * * 64
Williams and Roberts's Lease (c) . . . . . ... .. 62 | Yorke Peninsula Consols (c) .............. 65
Willigun Hill (c), ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Young's Claims (e)............ . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Willippa Silver Field.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 “ Cobalt Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Willowie Forest Reserve (g). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 | Yudnamutana (e)' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Willow Copper Mining Syndicate ....... , , 68 “ (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 177
“ Creek Mine (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 || Young Australian (9)... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Willouran (c) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . 62 “ No. 1 (7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Wilpena Copper and Silver Show ........ 62 * { { No. 2 (9)................ 146
“ and Arkaba Syndicate (e) ........ 62 “ No. 3 (9), . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I46
“ Silver-lead Mine ... . . . . . . . . . . . 99 || Young Queen Reef (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I46
MINING RECORDS

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
COPPER.
Adelaide Copper Mining Company.— In 1846 this company was
formed to work section 5526, hundred of Onkaparinga, situated 12 miles N.E. by
E. from Adelaide, near the Victoria gold mine. About 70 tons of ore were raised
ere the men abandoned the mine, and joined the rush to the Victoria gold diggings,
in 1851-2. There are eight or nine lodes, nearly vertical, or having a very slight
underlay to the westward. In some places the lodes come together and form
large bunches of quartz and copper ore; strike S.W. and N.E., and width varies
from about 6in, to 6ft. The ores consist of carbonates and grey and yellow copper-
ore, associated, in some instances, with silver and gold. A few years ago 5 tons of
ore, from a lode east of the old workings, yielded 22% per cent. of fine copper.
Noticeable features in the workings are the great number of shallow drives, the
number of parallel lodes that have been struck, and the fact that they all carried
ore more or less near the surface. Acting Inspector Parkes examined and reported
(18/12/91) that a syndicate was then raising fair copper ore, and that there were
several segregated veins and bunches of ferruginous quartz stained with carbonate of
copper in the workings. Tunnels had been driven on the course of these veins which
had disclosed lodes. Pumping machinery and thorough prospecting were necessary.
Small quantities of silver and gold were detected in the ores upon assay.
Adelaide Gold and Silver Mining Company.—Locality, a mile and a
half east from Mount Ogilvie. The Inspector of Mines, in October, 1890, described
the property as possessing a nice-looking lode 2ft. wide, carrying carbonate and oxide
of copper, on which was a shallow shaft.
Agery Mine.—A discovery situated about 12 miles S.E. from Moonta. Two
prospecting shafts were sunk on no stronger indication than a sparry outcrop. The
work was soon stopped, and the land subsequently fell into the hands of agricul-
turists. - . . . . .
* Albion Mine.—Adjacent to the Paramatta Mine. An unsuccessful attempt
was made by a joint stock company to cut the Paramatta lodes, but after expending
a considerable amount in sinking shafts the venture was abandoned.
Angaston.—Prior to 1846 two copper lodes were discovered close to Angaston
in the valley of the River Gawler. One was traced for 200yds., and from samples
of ore taken 33 per cent. of copper is said to have been obtained by assay.
Ango Copper Mine.—A mineral lease, 80 acres, seven miles east from Blinnan.
Shaft, 60ft. deep; at 40ft. a level was driven 15ft. on course of lode, which is 3ft.
wide, dipping at a slight angle to the south-east, and composed of felspar with small
veins of chalcopyrite and chalcolite. (Inspector of Mines, 4/2/91.)
A. - • . -
2 MINING RECORDS.
Apex Hill Mine.—Situated in rather rough hilly country, 176 miles N.N.E.
from Port Augusta, Mount Lyndhurst district. A lode running about N.E. and S.W.
is traceable for about 150 yards on the surface, its back consisting of ironstone, with
quartz and copper ore. Stains of copper are found in places away from the lode;
there are very strong green stains on the face of a precipitous rocky hill at one side
of the creek, while the hill on the opposite side is covered with blue stains. The
ore in the lode, not very rich, looks promising, and consists of green and blue car-
bonate, with a little grey ore. (Austin, 1863.) -
Appealimna Mine.—Situated about 40 miles in a N.N.E. direction from
Hawker, west of Mount Carnarvon, and nine miles east of Wilpena Head Station. For
35 years it remained unworked, being abandoned in 1860-1. Working recom-
menced at the end of 1896. In August, 1897, the Government Geologist visited
and reported—The lode outcrop consists of a brecciated and conglomeritic lime-
stone containing green carbonate of copper, copper glance, copper pyrites, and
native copper, associated with gossan, iron oxides, pyrites and specular iron, calcspar,
carbonate of lime, and iron. A good wall on south side, none apparent on north side
of lode, which merges into the country rock, containing a considerable percentage
of native copper. Strike of lode formation, 15° east of north; dip, about 80° north-
ward, with varying width; 3ft. wide at 77 ft. ; proved for a length of 100ft., and
worked out down to 50ft. in 1859. At 77ft. there is a strong lode formation
carrying a good percentage of copper ore, which should encourage deeper sinking,
with a probability of payable copper being opened up in the lode.
Arkaroola.--One of three mineral claims in the neighborhood of Wooltana.
The copper does not make in depth in anything like payable quantities, and prospects
are not sufficient to encourage further sinking. - - -
Aroona (Parara).-This property consisted of four sections, not far from
Moonta Mines, adjoining the Yelta Mine, taken up by a small prospecting company.
They costeaned on all the four sections, and sank a shaft to a depth of five or six
fathoms on what was believed to be an extension of one of the Moonta lodes. But,
though the indications were excellent, the capital of the adventurers failed in
sufficiency, and the workings ceased years ago. -
Atlas Mine.—During the excavation of a cutting on the tramway from Moonta
to Wallaroo a lode was discovered embedded in limestone, and a small company,
with very limited capital, commenced working. A trial to a depth of about three
fathoms in hard ground with poor results, and a fall in the copper market closed
operations. -
Australian Mining Company.— Established in London in 1845, with a
subscribed capital of £400,000, in 20,000 shares of £20 each, of which (in 1847)
£40,000 were paid up. Their principal properties were at Tungkillo, Reedy Creek
(34 miles north-easterly from Adelaide), and at Charlton (14 miles south of Mount
Remarkable). (See CHARLTON and TUNGKILLo.)
Ayliffe's Prospect.—On the same line of outcrop as Jago and Harris's claim,
about three-quarters of a mile distant. Copper ore of low percentage occurs in a
bedded lode formation 2ft. to 3ft. thick, which has been followed down on its inclina-
tion 80ft. No payable deposit found.
Bald Hill, near Moonta-Favorable indications induced a little costeaning
some years ago. Nothing further done. . -
Balhannah Copper and Bismuth Mine.—Situated on section 4048, hun-
dred of Onkaparinga. The Government Geologist (March, 1898) issued a full report,
with diagrams, from which these particulars are taken. The mine was worked from
1867 to 1876, and operations then ceased; the shafts and old stopes are now nearly full
COPPER. 3
of water, and some have fallen in. It yielded copper pyrites, native copper, carbonate
of copper, native bismuth, sulphide of bismuth, carbonate of bismuth, gold, silver,
galena, zinc blende, &c. The veinstones consist of gossan, brown iron ore, pyrites,
quartz, spathic iron (carbonate of iron), calcspar, &c. The country rocks are
argillaceous sandstones and slates striking N. 10° to 15° W., and dipping eastward at
an angle of 50° to 60°, and the lode cuts through the country rocks nearly at a right
angle, a fact indicating probable permanency in depth ; its general trend is approxi-
mately E. 20° S. and W. 20° N., with dip almost vertical. Considerable quantities
of copper and bismuth were raised, and a balance-sheet, presumably for the half-year
ending January 31st, 1871, shows that £1,800 worth of copper ore had been produced
to date. July 31st, 1875, the balance-sheet shows that the net proceeds from copper
ore sold amounted to £14,577. The closing of the mine was gazetted officially in 1877.
The lode appears to have yielded rich ores of copper and bismuth, and to have been of
a considerable size, 3ft. to 10ft. In 1874 the manager reported the whole face of the
drive, 6ft. broad, was composed of yellow sulphuret of copper, coated black, with
sulphuret and native bismuth; and the lode looked as well under foot and over head
as in the face. The main shaft was 300ft. deep ; at the level there the lode was said
to be 7ft. wide, and a cross-course came in from the west. An old miner (Leunig)
asserts that he sent up from this cross-reef a block of ore, bismuth, copper, and quartz,
weighing half a ton, which showed gold throughout, and that pieces of the stone
contained $oz. to 20zs. of solid gold. It was said that this lode was in places 30ft.
wide. The Government Geologist holds the opinion that it is a valuable property.
It is stated that this mine is about to be re-opened. - -
Barilla Mine.-- Situated near Mount Lyndhurst Station. The Inspector of
Mines reported (20/10/90) an examination—A shaft, vertical and underlie, sunk on an
outcrop, and numerous shallow pits; small segregated veins of ironstone and carbo-
nate of copper shown; strike east and west through calcareous and indurated slates.
His opinion was that the main lode had not been touched, and that it contained “a
first class show.” -
Basham's.—Situated near Port Elliot. (See BASHAM's PRosPECT, SILVER.)
Beltana Copper Mine.—This mine lies among low ranges about 18 miles
west of Beltana Station, and half-way between the southern end of the Mount
Deception Range and Lake Torrens. The ore deposit is represented by a thin zone
of soft arenaceous shales impregnated with and enclosing small patches and modular
pieces of atacamite. The deposit dips apparently at an angle of 20° to 25° north-
ward, underneath a thick bed of hard limestone forming the flat top of a low hill.
The workings lying on the southern slope of this hill consist of four openings, two
of which are mere shallow excavations and the third an underlie shaft of about 16ft.
deep, with a crossdrive. The fourth is also an underlie shaft about 60ft, in depth.
- The shales exposed are very soft and full of streaks and concretionary masses of
impure brown iron ore, with seams and, cavities full of crystalline coatings of
atacamite. Besides these, small patches and veins of gypsum occur, and angular
irregular masses of eavernous quartz, the hollows of which are mostly occupied by
atacamite in fine acicular crystals, associated occasionally with carbonate of lead.
The prospects of this mine do not appear to warrant any great expenditure. (Ulrich,
1872.) It produced a few tons of ore, but the smallness of the capital employed
prevented a proper development of the mine. Silver has since been found in this
locality. (See EDIAGARA and WARRIoot.A.)
Beltana District.—An unnamed copper discovery was made in 1896 at a place
eight miles west from Beltana, and some prospecting was done. A shaft 14ft. deep
was sunk and an open cutting excavated. From these a parcel of ore weighing
34 tons yielded 25 per cent, of fine copper.
Belvidere Mine.—Situated on the north end of Peter's Hill, six miles N.W.
from Hamilton, on the River Light, 60 miles from Adelaide. The mine was worked in


4 MINING RECORDS.
1849, but there is no record of any work having been done from 1853. There are
two shafts on the course of the lode about 450ft. apart. A lenticular shoot of ore
must have been taken out. The Inspector of Mines reports that there are still some
small patches of lead and copper ore showing in places. The formation is regular
and continuous. The lode strikes north and south, and underlies east. The walls, well
defined, consist of clay slate. An assay of galena taken from this mine gave silver
24ozs. 16dwts. and lead 77 per cent. A correspondent states (Register, 27/10/97) that
fine bands of copper and lead ores are visible in the workings; and carbonate of lead
in a lime formation near the surface yielded on assay, lead 68 per cent, and silver
2202s. per ton; copper assays went from 30 to 50 per cent. It was proposed to
sink the main shaft to water level. No later information to hand.
Benalack's Claim.—Locality, 28 miles from Lyndhurst Siding. Ore raised,
15 tons; assays up to 33% per cent. Shaft down 80ft.; lode looking well.
Billeroo Mine.—Locality, 20 miles N.W. from Bimbowrie Head Station. The
property has six lodes—three parallel, two crosscourses, and a “blow.” The main
lode bears N.E. and S.W., and is about 24ft. wide. Eighty tons of grey ore have
been sent away, of a percentage varying from 28 to 75. Three shafts have been
sunk, the deepest 120ft.; and a drive has been put in to a length of 20ft. In one
place a face of ore was met with 5ft. wide, and containing 75 per cent. of metal. The
veinstone consists of quartz and gossan, and the country rock of schistose slate. The
mine was opened about 1874. - - - -
Bimba. Hill.—This mine is situated 10 miles N.N.E. from Bimbowie Station.
The Government Geologist reported (March, 1897) a shaft sunk 50ft. on the under-
lie, with a lode formation of siliceous iron, iron oxide, gossan, &c.; strike, N.E. and
S.W.; dip, 55° N. ; contains a small percentage of copper, and a bunch of good ore
is said to have been found. The formation is favorable and continues strongly for a
distance of half a mile or more, and is worthy of thorough prospecting. The country
rocks consist of micaceous flaggy slates and schist, clayslate, quartzite, and metamor-
phic sandstone, striking N. 10° to 20° E., and dipping vertically and at high angles,
and penetrated by granite dykes, quartz, and ironstone reefs.
Bingo.—From this mine, adjacent to the Wallaroo Mine, it is believed that
considerable quantities of ore were obtained before reaching the 10-fathom level.
There was reputedly a lode 7ft. to 8ft. wide of grey ore, trying 40 per cent, for fine
copper. At greater depth the lode was lost, and never was recovered.
Black Point Copper Discovery.—Situated on Yorke Peninsula, west side
of St. Vincent Gulf, a little south of Ardrossan. In 1846 a block of land skirting
the shore, and containing 200 acres, was bought with a view to open a copper mine.
A shaft was sunk two or three fathoms upon a promising-looking lode, and a good
deal of costeening was done. Other claims were taken out, an outcrop showing
below high water mark and extending under the sea. The attempt to work these
with a small capital resulted in failure; and all the workings ceased when the price
of copper receded so much as to make ordinary copper-mining unprofitable. . .
Blimman Mine.—In the Flinders Range, about 2,000ft. above the Parachilna
Plains, and distant 272 miles from Adelaide, and about 112 N.N.E. from Port
Augusta. Area, 640 acres. A great outcrop on a hill about 90ft. above a creek,
350ft. in length and nearly 100ft. thick, rich in copper, is said to have attracted the
attention of a shepherd named Blinman in 1862. The workings consist of a main
shaft 450ft. deep, from which drives have been put in north and south, which are
known as the 15, 25, 35, 50, 60, and 70 fathom levels. The longest levels north-
ward, which are the 75, 25, 35, and 50, extend 300ft. from the shaft; southward, the
longest level is the 15-fathom, which extends 250ft. The lowest, or 70-fathom level,
coPPER. - 5
has been driven 130ft. north and the same distance south. The rock formations are
crystalline siliceous limestone; bedrock, fine argillaceous and calcareous sandstone,
quartzite, and, in some places, clay slate, having a vertical dip, and striking north and
south through the mine. The copper ores, which at the lower levels consist chiefly
of sulphides, are disseminated through the rock in specks, patches or pockets, strings,
and veins running in an east and west direction across the rocks, and also with them,
forming altogether a metal-bearing belt of strata in places 20ſt. to 30ft. wide. Some of
the cross veins are of considerable size, and in one or two places they are of sufficient
importance to be classed as lodes. They are also richer in ore than the main ore-
bearing strata which they penetrated. So far as can be seen there is no defined
boundary between the ore-bearing strata and the barren rocks; in other words, the
full width of ore-bearing rock has not yet been determined. By following up the
rich crosscourses or putting in crosscuts this could be ascertained. The upper
portions of the mine, from the surface to the 35-fathom level, have been stoped out
in an irregular manner—probably the bunches of richest ore were followed—leaving
large cavities separated by portions of unworked ground, which contains an appreciable
percentage of copper ore, and which will probably be worked at some future time.
These excavations are of considerable width, in places from 15ft. to 20ft. or more,
and a large quantity of ore must have been raised from them. The present workings
are at the 50-fathom level and between that and the 70. Here the ore is being
stoped out to a width of 25ft. to 30ft., the workings more resembling those of a
uarry than of a mine. The main shaft was at the time of the Government Geologist's
visit (1888) 35ft. below the 70-fathom level. The mine posseses one or two special
advantages: as the country rock is solid and without joints, no timbering is required,
and the stopes, after the removal of the ore, are left open ; and all the material raised
from the mine is ore-bearing, so that, with the exception of that which comes out of
the shaft, no mullock has to be raised. The ore-bearing belt of strata is more or less
vertical for about 300ft., and then underlies to the eastward at a high angle. The
veinstones associated with the copper ores are calcspar, sulphate of barium (heavy
spar), and occasionally quartz. The rocks forming the ranges, which have an
elevation of 2,000ft, above sea-level, consist of alternating strata, composed of
quartzose, sandstones, and shales, siliceous and dolomitic limestone, clay, and calcareous
slates and flagstones, sandstones, quartz, brittle shales, and kaolinised slates and
sandstones. In the neighborhood of Blinnman these strata form an articlinal arch,
owing to the intrusion of igneous rocks (greenstone, eurite, &c.) which appear at the
surface in a few places. In the centre of the arch the strata are vertical, and have
a north and south strike, while on each side they are inclined at various angles to the
westward and eastward. It is in the centre of these disturbed strata that the copper-
bearing strata in which the mine is situated occur. The supply of water is small but
increasing, and is likely to increase as the shaft is sunk deeper, and eventually a
sufficient supply will be secured for concentrating purposes. A cross drive at right
angles to and through the vertical beds would most probably increase the supply.
—(1890.) Mr. Masey, colonial director, supplied the following information for
the former edition :-The value of the copper sold previous to the “seven years'
drought” (about 1874), when the mine ceased working, was £250,000. In 1881
it was re-started and worked to 1884, when the fall in the price of copper took
place, the output at the time being from 80 to 100 tons of 23 per cent. ore per
month. In the beginning of 1889 the mine was again started, and was put into
thorough working order, the output being raised to 150 tons of 23 per cent. ore per
month, which was sent to the Wallaroo Smelting Works. The ordinary ore raised
averages 8 per cent, and is dressed up to 23 per cent., whilst that from the cross-
courses and leaders, which can readily be separated by hand-picking, averages from
30 to 40 per cent of copper. The number of men employed above and below,
80; expenditure in wages and general charges per month, £1,200. It may be
added that whilst it is apparent, from the width of the stopes between the 50 and
and 70 fathom levels, that great quantities of ore were removed in former times, it is
clear that there is no falling off in yield as the mine gets deeper; and I am of opinion
that the strata will continue to be ore-bearing to a great depth, and that the mine is
to all intents and purposes a permanent one. - - - - - -
6 MINING RECORDS.
- Professor Geo. H. F. Ulrich, F.G.S., reporting upon this mine in 1872, speaking of
the outcrop, writes:— - :
The deposit, as a whole, is bounded on the east by bluish and mottled shaly slates, with a ver
steep eastward dip, which changes, however, at a short distance further east, to about 30°. The .
on the west side is not well exposed at the surface, but apparently consists of a calcareous, ferrugi-
nous, partly brecciated sandstone, striking north 25° east, and dipping westerly at an angle of about
50° at a short distance, north and close eastward of main stock; a great irregularity is apparent in the
outcrops of the rocks of the country, calcareous shales and sandstones alternating * * * *
The larger veins of ore traverse the stock mass at oblique, sometimes at nearly right angles, but
innumerable smaller veins run intermediately and join the lower ones from all sides, whilst the stone
between is more or less strongly impregnated with ore. At 40 fathoms in depth, sulphide ore (copper
pyrites) makes its first appearance, and increases in quantity down to the water-level at 50 fathoms,
where, in the bottom of a large pit, south of engine shaft, a fine vein of rather friable, but nearly
pure copper pyrites was struck, that runs nearly east and west, and is from 1ſt. to 3ſt, in thickness.
In this portion of the mine the deposit * * * looks undoubtedly richer in ore than nearer the
surface, the impregnation and veins of copper pyrites through the matrix reaching perhaps 20 to 25
per cent. . - . . -
Besides the minerals already mentioned the following occur in the deposit:—Azurite (blue carbo-
nate of copper) rarely, in small specks near the surface; reddish and black cupriferous brown iron
ore, in veins and patches; a black and muddy sulphide, coating copper pyrites; very little iron
pyrites; galena, in small specks; heavy spar (sulphate of baryta), in nests and irregular veins, often
finely crystallised; white calcite, in thin veins and nests; aragonite, in fine druses of needle-shaped
crystals; quartz, in thin seams and small patches On the slope of the hill, in close proximity to
the deposit, the rocks also enclose small nests of micaceous iron ore. -
Below the water level a vein of bisulphuret ore was struck, finely disseminated
through magnesian limestone; depth of shaft, 70 fathoms. The ores obtained from
the mine, from the surface to the 45-fathom level were azurite and chalcocite, and
from this level to the deepest point, chalcopyrite prevailed—pure iron pyrites being
almost absent. At the 70-fathom level a series of vughs were discovered. (James,
1886.)
Mr. E. F. Cooke says “there is but one lode running north and south, with cross
courses, and nearly perpendicular down to the 50-fathom level; from there to the
70-fathom, about 1 in 5. The width of the lode ranges from 14ft. to 18ft. In the
sulphurets leaders of solid ore gave about 28 per cent. of metal. The whole of the
lode was full of veins of ore averaging from 2 to 5 per cent., and was capable of
being dressed up to 25 per cent. The water level was slightly below the 50-fathom
level. Drives to the length of 35 fathoms have been put into the carbonates on
either side of the engine shaft. In sinking a winze below the 60-fathom level to
meet the 70-fathom one, an immense vugh was discovered filled with water. The
ore around this remarkable place is a rich sulphuret, and is coated with black
oxide.” -
During the period when the mine was being worked by the E. & A. Copper Co.,
viz., from 1882 to 1885, ore to the extent of 1,860 tons was smelted. - -
The Inspector of Mines reported that a strong lode runs through the property,
which, besides maintaining an equal percentage of copper, makes at intervals exten-
sive deposits of ore. Thousands of tons of carbonates must have been extracted
formerly, and poorer places were left unworked because of lack of water for dressing
and heavy cost of transit. But the water difficulty has been in a large measure
overcome, and there should be produced 150 tons of 23 per cent, copper per month,
besides 40 tons of 28 per cent. carbonates. The ore brings £8 per ton above Chili
bar quotations, and the cost of transit to Wallaroo and smelting charges is £4 12s.
per ton, making the mine payable even at the present low price of copper.—(1889.)
Recently the mine was let on tribute, and a fair quantity of ore was extracted. It
is said that a large quantity of good milling ore awaits treatment; but the latest
reports indicate abandonment, though the supply of ore is said to be “inexhaustible.”
Mining operations have been re-started, and the holders are calling for tenders for
the cartage of 2,000 tons of ore to the railway. - . . .
Block 45.-Situated near Hawker; a claim held by a local syndicate, who
sank a shaft 60ft. close to a small ironstone blow. No details have been received,
COPPER. 7
Bluestone Mine. - Situate 15 miles N.W. from Arrowie. The copper and
calcareous formations are mixed in a conglomerate form, with slugs of hematite. Two
shafts have been sunk, but there is no defined lode. No inducement to continue work.
Bon Accord Copper Mine.—Adjoins the Burra Mine, a fact which in-
fluenced the adventurers. The indications of copper were slight, but a large sum of
money was spent, and a considerable amount of work done. The engine-shaft was
sunk to a depth of 50 fathoms, and other shafts were sunk and drives put in. Some
of the spoil raised was impregnated with particles of ore, amongst which may be
detected red and black oxides. (Austin, 1883.)
Bonaventura.—A copper discovery on section 53, Copper Mine Creek, hun-
dred of Cassini, Kangaroo Island. The show was worked by an Adelaide syndicate,
which collapsed for want of funds, and it was abandoned. It is said that 40 tons of low-
grade copper was raised, the highest return being 10 per cent. On a recent inspec-
tion the Government Geologist reported that no information could be gained as to the
character of the lode, there being no surface indications, and the shaft being full of
water. The country rock is clayslate, striking east and west, with vertical dip. A
fragment of ore from a refuse heap assayed 53 per cent. for copper; but his opinion
was that no lode of any value was discovered, but possibly a small vein or bunch
only. .
Boolcoormata, Mine.—Situate 42 miles N.E. of Mannahill. There are four
or five shafts, and many open cuttings in quartzite, mica, schist, sandstone, slate, and
granite, all more or less stained with copper. So far as can be judged no defined
lode has been found. The mine had been long abandoned in 1885. -
Breadalbane Mining Company.—Established in 1850 to work five
sections adjoining the property of the Strathalbyn Mining Company. In 1851 the
mine was closed down.
Bremer Copper Mine.—Situated 36 miles S.E. from Adelaide, and three and
a half miles from Callington, near the Bremer Creek. It was discovered in 1850, and
worked for several years. The surrounding country is flat, composed of clayslate,
micaceous schist, and occasionally a little quartz. Mr. J. B. Austin reported that the
prevailing ore is yellow sulphide, with black oxide; peacock ore is also found. The
copper smelted at the works adjoining, during the time the mine was being worked,
averaged 96 per cent, of pure copper, notwithstanding that the refining process was
omitted. The mine was a part of the property of the Britannia Mining Company.
Towards the end of 1897 sinking to strike a copper lode at a depth of about 50ft.
was commenced. It was said that some years previously a body of 30 per cent. ore
was struck in that lode, but the insecure shaft collapsed. There are large bodies of .
mispickel (arsenical pyrites) in the mine, formerly thrown away on the spoil heaps,
but now of commercial value. , - w
Britannia Mining Company.—Established in 1849, and held 7,000 acres
of land as a mineral special survey on the Bremer Creek. The operations of the
company were confined to leasing setts of its land for mining purposes. In 1852 they
had nine mines in active operation on this property, viz., the Wheal Friendship, the
Wheal Maria, the Wheal Prosper, the Bremer, the Tresevean, the Menkoo, and three
others. -
Broughton Copper Mine.—Situated on the Broughton River, hundred of
Andrews. The indications were very promising, and some rich ore was obtained, but
the country was so hard that the venture would not pay for working, and after a few
months the mine was abandoned. (Austin, 1863.) -
- Burra Burra Mine.—This property is situated about 100 miles from Ade-
laide, a little to the east of north, on bald hills standing 130ft. above the surrounding

s MINING RECORDS.
country; was found in 1845 by a shepherd named Pickett. The ores obtained from
this mine have been chiefly red oxides, very rich blue and green carbonates, including
malachite, and also native copper. (Austin, 1863.) The discovery of this mine,
supporting, as it did at one time, a large population, marked a new era in the history
of the colony. The capital invested in it was £12,320 in £5 shares, and no subse-
quent call was ever made upon the shareholders. The total amount paid in dividends
was £800,000. After being worked by the original owners for some years the mine
was sold to a new company, but during the last few years it has not been worked,
owing in some degree to the low price of copper and also to the fact that the deposits
then being worked apparently became exhausted. For many years the average yield
was from 10,000 to 13,000 tons of ore, averaging 22 to 23 per cent. of copper. It
is stated that, during the 293 years in which the mine was worked, the company spent
£2,241,167 in general expenses, the output of ore during the same period amounting
to 234,648 tons, equal to 51,622 tons of copper. This, at the average price of copper,
amounted in money value to £4,749,224. The mine stopped working in 1877. In
1859 the number of men employed was 1,170. In the deeper levels regular lodes are
met with, running north and south, containing very rich ore of malachite, red oxide,
and grey sulphuret of copper; but above the 30-fathom level there is no appearance
of lodes, the ore (malachite and carbonate) being deposited with the greatest irregu-
larity. The blue carbonate often occurred in round modules, with regularly formed
crystals projecting from the surface. The malachite was found in the form of
stalactite, in slabs incrusting fissures, and irregularly-shaped masses, which had been
deposited in cavities of the rocks. The country rocks are much broken and twisted,
and consist of a cherty siliceous formation, crystalline white and grey limestone, blue
slaty shales, and argillaceous sandstone. Just prior to the stoppage of the Burra
Burra Mine, and whilst Captain Sanders was in charge, it is understood that good
percentage ore was being obtained from a lode which had been opened at a compara-
tively shallow depth beneath the basin from which had been quarried the enormous
yield of carbonate ores. For a number of years the mine has lain unworked, but
recently an attempt has been made to recommence operations under the stimulus
afforded by a much improved price for copper.
It having been decided to use the diamond drill for lode exploration, the Govern-
ment Geologist made an examination with reference to the choice of a site for the
bore, and access was given to the plans of the mine, and the reports of managers
who were in charge before the mine was closed. These were incomplete, but
evidenced that there are three main lines of lode, namely, Kingston’s, Sanders’, and
Tinline's, which trended in a north-westerly direction and inclined to the north-east-
ward, on the average 1ſt. in 6. The richest part of the mine was found to be at a
place where there is now a deep open cut. Here the lodes and small veins of ore
intersected the country rock in all directions, and they were very rich in copper ore,
chiefly carbonates. The depth to which this ground was worked was 60 fathoms.
The ground containing these deposits was soft, and, becoming hard, the conclusion
arrived at was that the copper ore had cut out. The deepest shaft, Morphett's, is
down 100 fathoms, and in it Sanders’ and Kingston’s lodes have been cut, the latter
being now in the shaft at or near the bottom. These lodes consist of a brecciated
calcareous formation, containing calcspar, asbestos, steatite, quartz, &c., with peacock
copper ore, as can be seen from an inspection of the spoil heap at the shaft.
The diamond drill bore (under Government supervision) was put down with the
object of striking Sanders' or Kingston's lode at a depth on the inclination. The
data used in determining the site of the bore was taken from the old mine reports.
The bore reached a depth of 1,004ft., and entered a brecciated lode formation at
780ft. At 813ft. copper pyrites and quartz were observed in the core, and continued
to occur for many feet below that depth. The drill continued in a similar lode
formation, as above, for the remainder of the distance sunk. In the latter portion of
the boring the core became fragmentary and not continuous, indicating the existence
of vughs and cavities. This bore has proved that the copper-bearing lode mentioned
in the last reports of the mine management as existing at a depth of 600ft. in Morphett's
shaft, as well as in Waterhouse's and Peacock’s shaft, is continuous in strike, and
that it exists at a depth of 200ft. (200ft. deeper than it was proved in Morphett's shaft).
COPPER... " . 9
The Government Geologist considered the result of this boring most satisfactory,
because it proves the continuance downwards of the copper-bearing ground, and also :
that the recorded opinions and information of the mine managers are correct. He was
also of opinion that enough data had been obtained by means of the bore to warrant
the placing of Morphett's shaft in working order, and restarting mining operations
from that point. A second site for boring has been selected near the southern end
of the open cut, on or near the line of Tinline's lode, in the argillaceous rock, which
is interstratified with limestone, which is the prevailing rock formation. -
Burrawing Mine.—Situated on two sections in the hundred of Yaranyacka,
near Tumby Bay. It was opened about 1871, and wound up in 1874. A good deal
of work was done upon it, and ore to the value of £6,338 was sold; expended on the
property, over £30,000. Assays of ore varied from 17 up to 37 per cent. of fine
copper, and bismuth was present in the proportion of about 1% per cent. No work
of any consequence has been done in the mine since 1874, and further information is
not obtainable. Country rocks, micaceous and quartzose schist and slate.
Caine's Lease.—Situated eight miles west from Beltana. It was reported that
in July, 1896, a shaft was down 14ft. and that ore had been raised returning 20 per
cent. of metallic copper. - .
Callana Copper Mine.—Locality, half a mile N.W. from the Dome Trig, on
the Callana Station, near Hergott Springs. The Government Geologist reported an
examination :-Several shallow pits excavated to prospect various outcrops of brown
iron ore, gossan, limestone, carbonate of iron, and quartz, containing small bunches
of copper ore. The outcrops broken and irregular, the country rocks having been
twisted and contorted. No kode worth working yet (15/4/98) developed, the sinking
being too shallow to be regarded as a test of the value of these small copper-bearing
outcrops at depth. It is, however, doubtful whether a regular well-defined lode exists,
owing to the disturbed character of the country rocks, though bunches of good ore
may probably be found. -
Carn Brea.—Situated in the neighborhood of Robertstown. A strong lode,
composed principally of quartz, runs through the claim N.E. and S.W., underlying
S.E. at an angle of 45°. The lode in the bottom of a 50ft. shaft is fully 7ft, thick,
with excellent walls, but the proportion of copper is too small to pay. It is stated
that gold has been seen in the quartz, but samples taken and tested did not show a
trace. (Inspector of Mines.)
Century (Raisbeck’s).- Situated one mile S.W. from Callington, and
adjoining the West Calilngton ; area, 90 acres. Alode formation 10ft. wide is stated
to exist, but not yet developed.
Challa.-A prospecting venture, started with a view of working on the westerly
extension of what was known as the Paramatta lode, near Moonta, and situate near to
the Wheal James and Wheal Hughes mines. There was a good deal of costeaning
done, and two shafts were sunk on the lodes to a depth of about 18 fathoms, when
drives were put in 14 or 15 fathoms on a lode containing quartz, impregnated with
mundic and streaks of yellow ore; but the lodes were not sufficiently productive to
induce expenditure of capital, and, about 1870, the three sections were forfeited.
Chambers' Mine.—Situated 10 miles south from Adelaide. In 1858 3. magni. -
ficent block of malachite, weighing upwards of a ton, was reported by the Register
to have been brought to Adelaide from this mine.
Chappel’s Lode.—Situated near the Yudnamutana Mine. It is a gossan lode
with copper ore in siliceous limestone, with green actinolite and greenstone; strike,
W. 10° S. The arenaceous limestone extends for some distance, and other limestone
bars are visible. This lode is well-defined, but has not been worked. (July, 1884.)
10 MINING RECORDs.
Charlton Copper Mine.--This is a property belonging to the Australian
Mining Company, is situated on the Rocky river, and is 14 miles S.E. from Mount
Remarkable. Twenty thousand pounds is said to have been spent on this property,
without any return. The mine was not being worked when Mr. A. R. C. Selwyn,
Victorian Government Geologist, visited the district in 1859. He described the ore
seen in the spoil heaps as consisting almost entirely of small nodular lumps of impure
blue carbonate, embedded in a rough white rock, chiefly composed of decomposed
felspar, with grains of quartz and a little mica. Several shafts were sunk.
Charlton Mine.—Locality, two miles north of Wirrabara township; area, 634
acres of freehold, the property of the Australian Mining Company, Limited. There
are two lodes, which yielded blue carbonates. The influx of water stopped the work-
ing in December, 1858. . -
Clara and St. Dora Copper Mine (Two Franks).—Situated about six
miles S.E. of Davenport Siding, on the railway line, and about 32 west of Hergott
Springs. The Government Geologist reported (7/10/95 and 22/2/97)—The ground
held by the proprietor (Mr. Montague) comprises four 40-acre blocks. The workings
consist of open cuts and shallow shafts. No. 1, 30ft. deep, with drives at bottom and
excavations round it near the surface. The copper ore occurs in hard limestone in
bunches, small veins, and vughs, and also in soft calcareous rock, associated with the
limestone as copper glance, green carbonates, &c. There is every indication of its
continuance downwards in that rock. No. 2 is a shaft 20ft, deep, in jointed grey
limestone containing veins of rich copper ore. No. 3 is an open excavation to 26ft.
in the deepest part, and 10ft. to 20ft. wide and about 40ft. long, in copper-bearing
limestone, the ore occurring in irregular veins, streaks, and pockets. The excavation
has proved ore-bearing rock 34ft. from east to west and 10ft. to 20ſt. from north to
south. There is apparently a lode formation in the east end and south side of soft
calcareous and argillaceous rock, containing veins of iron oxide and copper ore as car-
bonate, &c. Besides the ordinary copper ores obtained here, copper glance (rich sulphide
of copper) frequently occurs, as well as red oxide and native copper. Similar deposits
exist in several other parts of these blocks, and on the eastern portion of blocks 313
and 314 small outcrops of copper ore show themselves, not yet prospected. From the
fact of the limestone dipping vertically it will probably be found to contain copper to
a considerable depth. The soft formation in No. 3 along the southern boundary of
the limestone will probably be found to carry a defined copper lode. The ore raised
has been of an unusually high percentage, and there is a large quantity of low-grade
ore at the surface ready to treat when water is available. A newspaper paragraph
states that it was purchased by the E. & A. Copper Company in 1897. The earlier
report mentions that 30 tons 4cwts. 1 qr. of ore sent away averaged 39:25 per cent.
In April, 1898, the Government Geologist again reported on this property. A main
shaft had been sunk 90ft., and two crosscuts driven from it in a northerly and wes-
terly direction. The western crosscut, driven through limestone 41 ft., had met with
a lode formation containing bunches of copper ore, probably a continuation down-
wards of that in the open cut. The northern crosscut, driven 65ft., had not met
with any ore. A new shaft had been sunk 30ft., 192ft. distant N.E. from the main
shaft, through limestone containing bunches and veins of rich copper ore. A large
quantity of dressing ore was lying on the surface. The work done had not yet proved
or disproved the opinion previously expressed as to the character of the mine.
Clark’s Copper Mine.—Locality, two miles E.N.E. from Mount Lyndhurst
trig., and formerly known as Mount Lyndhurst Mine. It was reported upon by
Professor Ulrich in 1872. The Government Geologist examined it in 1897, and
reported that there are numerous old shafts and cuttings on the various parallel lodes
extending east and west, and dipping north. Clark's present workings consist of
an underlie shaft sunk on a lode with good walls striking N.E., and dipping N.W.
at 45°, in slate and claystone. The old workings it is said were carried to a depth of
100ft. only. The prospects of obtaining ore are good. -
COPPER. . 11
Clive Copper Mine.—This mine is four miles from Nichol's Nob, and 40
from Lyndhurst Siding, on the Great Northern railway. Its proprietary hold 640
acres. In a fair proportion of the costeaning pits carbonate of copper was seen by
the Inspector of Mines, and he came to the conclusion, from the general indications,
that the claims comprise a strong cupriferous belt, from which large quantities of
copper can be extracted at small cost. A shaft has been sunk about 40ft., and there
is a strong lode showing fully 9ft. thick in places. The lode is composed of calcspar,
carrying irregular branches or deposits of high-grade copper ore. At the time of
the Inspector's visit there were about 30 tons of high-grade ore at grass. (1889.)
Cocoanut.—At a small station near Clinton, a copper discovery was made in
1865, ore lying upon the surface. Two leases were taken out, but little work was
done -
Coglin, Section 163, Hundred of.-The Government Geologist examined
this copper find in 1896, and states that there is a lode outcrop consisting of quartz
veins, gossan, siliceous and calcareous rock, and iron oxides, stained with carbonate
of copper, and containing other copper ores. Where opened up the formation is
15ft. wide, and strikes north-easterly and dips north-westerly, and is traceable along
the surface for two or three chains. Deepest sinking 30ft. Samples taken and
assayed showed respectively 28%, 6, and 28% per cent. for metallic copper. The
country rocks are claystone and calcareous clayslate with limestone bars. Well
worth testing to a greater depth. . . .
Connemanna-A Yorke Peninsula venture, on land lying S.E. of the Prince
of Wales Mine. The effort to discover a payable lode was not successful.
Constitution Hill Copper Mine.—This is situated about four miles south
from Mount Serie. It contains two outcrops of ore, which show on the northern slope
of a low rise within about half a mile N.W. of the terminating point of a high spur
connected with Constitution Hill. The first and most important outcrop represents
a lode-like mass of a dense, brittle quartzite, which is thickly traversed in all
directions by larger and smaller quartz veins, most of them, however, running in the
strike of the mass. Both quartzite and vein quartz are full of small green patches,
seams, and coatings of atacamite, and there are scattered larger vein-like masses and
patches, which show within an earthy atacamite envelope, nuclei of dark-grey oxide
of copper, generally associated with calcite. This dark-grey oxide is very seldom
pure oxide, but contains a variable percentage of sulphide of copper, and it is from
the decomposition of this ore that it has most probably arisen. The outcrop extends
for about six chains in length, showing a strike of N. 35° E., and apparently dipping
steeply to the S.E. Its thickness is about 15ft. The second outerop of copper ore
lies about one and a half chains eastward of the first, to which it shows great
resemblance in mineral character. It is only from 1 ft. to 2ft, thick, and is traceable
on the surface for about one chain in length. The country between the two ore
outcrops, and for some distance both east and west, consists of argillaceous friable
mudslates, which show between the outcrops a strike of N. 23° E., and dip easterly
at a very flat angle; further east this strike is E. 35° N., with a south-easterly dip
of 40°. West of the large quartz reef, more especially on top of the hill, the slates
are traversed by quartz and ironstone or gossan reefs in great abundance, and large
blocks of brecciated brown iron ore appear scattered over the surface. (Ulrich,
1872.) . -
Constitution Hill Copper Mine West.—This mine lies about one and
a half miles west of the hill. The ore indications occur in a lode of hard yellowish
and reddish-white flinty limestone, and consist of thin veins and coatings of malachite
and scattered specks of greyish oxide of copper. The lode is from 3ft. to 4ft. thick,
and strikes W. 20° N., with dip apparently steep to the northwards. The country
which the lode traverses consists of fissile purple slates, showing false bedding, and
striking nearly due east and west, with a northward dip of about 60°. These are
succeeded, at six chains southward, by grey calcareous slates. (Ulrich, 1872.) .

12 MINING RECORDS.
Cooper's Claim.—Situated N.W. from Walparoota Springs, Outalpa. Twelve
tons ore raised, 8 per cent. for copper. Deepest shaft, 6ft.; working an open
cutting. . . . . . . . .
Copperer.—An early lease of a copper claim six miles inland from Tumby Bay.
The workings were discontinued in 1859. e - -
Copperenga.-Situate near Tumby Bay. From the workings tributors obtained
rich copper prior to the Victorian gold rush. It has not been worked since, but a
recommencement is under consideration. -
Copper Hill (Kulpara Mine).--This was another of the large group of
adventures in the district of Yorke Peninsula entered upon as one of the results of
the success of Moonta and Wallaroo Mines. A lode was discovered in a very
favorable channel of ground by a shepherd. In 1861 a company was formed for
prospecting twelve sections on the Kulpara Plains, some of which were said to
contain well-defined lodes, and it was asserted that red oxide of copper and green
carbonates had been picked up on the surface. A large lode was opened upon, but
instead of following down the lode, a vertical shaft was sunk which cut through the
footwall, and the lode was lost. - -
Copper King.—Situated east of the Montezuma Mine, Tumby district, and
stated to possess a lode formation 3ſt. to 4ft. wide, mainly of manganese, carrying
rich blue and green carbonates. Work was not prosecuted beyond the early pros-
pecting stage. -
Copper and Silver.—Five miles east from Riverton there has been found
recently a lode carrying copper and silver-lead, the former in the form of carbonates
intermixed with grey ore, assaying, it was said, 30 to 50 per cent. The assays for
silver were given at 23ozs. silver, 68 per cent. lead per ton (Hawker); and, respec-
tively, 3202s, silver and 66 per cent. lead, 24ozs, and 55 per cent., and 400Zs. and
75 per cent.; cheap carriage to a railway station. - -
Copper Top Mine.-Situated near the Peake Station. Mr. Gee, Goldfields
Warden, examined this copper prospect in August, 1898, and states that apparently
the copper had completely cut out, and the quartz underneath looked hungry and
poor, but rose and red-tinted quartz is beginning to show.
Copper Valley (Kooroona).-This was a venture opened on the boun-
dary of the Hamley Mine, with a view to discover the continuation of what
was known as Bower's lode in the Moonta Mines, which had proved very produc-
tive. At a depth of three fathoms from the surface a lode was opened upon which
was deemed well worth the outlay of capital, all the conditions being favorable; but
on the collapse of the copper market in the “seventies” work was discontinued.
Cornelius Claims.—Situation, 10 miles south from Benowrie Station, on the
Outalpa sheep run. On the 80-acre block leased, on a ridge, traces of copper can be
seen for a considerable distance, and in the bedding of the strata there are (says the
Inspector of Mines) bunches of copper. Parcels of ore yielding 18 per cent. of
metallic copper have been sent away, but the general average of the ore is of lower
grade, it being intermixed with iron oxide and silica. The enclosing rocks are granite
and clayslate, whilst beds of black micaceous gneiss are prevalent. Colors of gold
were observable in the copper ore, and it was thought that the quantity of gold
might increase if the copper deposits became more siliceous in depth.
Cornwall (New Cornwall):-This is a mining property near to Kadina
which was believed to carry a continuation of two lodes that had been worked in the
Wandilta Mine, near to the Wallaroo Mines. As usual in discoveries in that locality
there was a show of green carbonates mixed with the nodular and loose gravelly lime-
COPPER. 18
stone, and the adventurers were rewarded by lighting upon a fine deposit of grey ore
and green carbonate of copper not far from the surface, and a large and beautiful
specimen was sent for public exhibition. The adventurers went to great expense, . .
importing a large engine direct from Cornwall, and sinking to a considerable depth
for prospecting at that period and that locality. Operations ceased after awhile, and
nothing in the way of practical working was attempted on the property for some
years. The Government Geologist reported, on September 15th, 1898, that no infor-
mation could be gained respecting this property except from the surface workings. .
There are apparently two lodes, running more or less parallel in a north-westerly
direction. These are strong formations of considerable width. The deepest shaft is
said to be 360ft., and the water level is about 50ft. from the surface. The underlie
is slight and to the S.W. - - -
Crinnis Copper Mine.—This property is in the Angaston district. The
lode is of an exceedingly interesting character. In the heaps of “spoil” that have
been thrown out there were found specimens of native copper, blue and green carbo-
nates, red oxides, sulphurets, and copper pyrites, also micaceous and magnetic iron
ore, carbonate of iron, chalcedony, opal, and white crystalline limestone. The vein
has an irregular N.E. and S.W. strike. (Selwyn, 1859.) -
Crocker’s Claim.—Situation, two and a half miles from Osborne's shaft, on
the Mutooroo Mine. Three or more lodes have been opened up in shallow costeaning
pits, and some high-grade copper ore has been sent away. This should eventually
prove a valuable mine. (Inspector of Mines, 1889.)
Cumberland Mine.—This mine, about a mile and a half to the south of the
Clinton Road and 11 miles from Kadina, belonged to the Wallaroo group, on Yorke
Peninsula. What appeared to be a fine lode of very rich grey ore was found on the
surface, but proved to be a blow only, and ran out in about three fathoms. Some
fine galena was also similarly met with. Three shafts were sunk—one to the depth
of 27 fathoms, and many fathoms of drives and costeaning were cut, but the lode
could not be found, and the mine was abandoned. (Austin, 1863.)
Cunliffe Copper Syndicate.-This was a Yorke Peninsula prospecting
venture; operations discontinued. +t
Curramulka Mine.—Situated in the hundred of Curramulka, Yorke Penin-
sula. There are traces for some distance of copper ore in calespar, in the blue
crystalline limestone, but there is no appearance of a lode, and Ilothing to warrant the
sinking of a shaft (1864), although it is probable that there is a lode deposit some-
where near to account for the presence of such specimens as were obtained. -
Currency Creek Special Survey.—A copper lode intersected the town-
ship lands, and specimens of blue and green carbonate brought thence to Adelaide
created much attention at the time. (1848.) No work appears to have been done.
Currency Creek Copper Mining Syndicate.-Locality of operations,
about four miles from Goolwa, adjoining the Great Bradford. Two lodes, strike
N.E., width 2ft. and 3ft. 6in., and shafts were sunk 10 fathoms, following dip of -
lode, and a drive put in 140ft. The ore is a red oxide; highest assay, 37 per cent.
for metallic copper. Operations suspended for want of funds. . . . . . . .
Cutaway Copper Mine.—The Government Geologist examined this pro- .
perty, which is near Leigh's Creek, and found that there was a well-defined bedded
lode, of a fair but varying width, enclosed by good walls; strike east and west, dip
south. The lode carries low-percentage copper, which dresses up to 25 per cent.
On the same claim there is a wide outcrop formation striking S.W. and N.E.,
containing carbonate of copper and grey ore. Sinking and driving should be
carried on.

14 MINING RECORDS.
Daisy Copper Mine.—Locality, near the Yudnamutana Mines. It contains
two lodes, one of which is about 4ft. wide and traceable for 80 yards along the sur-
face, carrying grey and red oxide and green carbonate in fine gossan, (Austin, 1863.)
Daly Copper Mine.—Situated about five and a half miles E.N.E. of the
Yudnamutana Mines, and the country to the south and westward is, if anything,
more broken, rocky, and wildly romantic than that in the neighborhood of the
Yudnamutana. The workings, such as they are, are opened in a very strong mass
of quartzite that runs at a strike of about N. 45° W, up the steep slope and along
the top of a range which rises to a height of about 200ft. above a creek lying to the
S.W. The ore is of a very good percentage, and consists of earthy, and sometimes
crystallised, malachite and azurite, interspersed with patches and seams of red and
grey oxides of copper. The quartzite is generally much fractured, rather brittle, and
full of argillaceous veins, only in some places where the latter disappear it is very
hard and tough, and traversed by veins of quartz, often finely crystallised and
enclosing scales of micaceous iron ore. It extends, with two short breaks occupied
by earthy conglomeratic shales, for about 25 chains in length, and shows abundant
copper stains nearly all the way. The rocks of the district are of metamorphic
character, presenting mica schist, hornblende schist, satiny and spotted slates, all of
the same valieties as observed near the Yudnamutana Mine. (Ulrich, 1872.)
Davell’s.-Locality, section 25, Oladdie. The Government Geologist states
that there are copper-stained rocks and small vein formations, but too irregular and
ill-defined to warrant large prospecting outlay. Assay value, 54 per cent. copper.
Davison’s Claim.—This property is about two and a half miles from the
Blinman Mine. It contains good indications, reaching from the gully to some dis-
tance up the hill. A lode of ore of fair quality was discovered by sinking a shallow
pit at the bottom of the hill, and in two or three other places ore was found. (Austin,
1863.) . . -
Depot Creek Copper Mine.—Situated about 12 miles from Mount Rose
and near Eyre's Depôt. The general character of the lodes here is favorable to the
production of copper ores of good quality. The lodes contain green carbonate of
copper, grey ores, and red oxide. (1860-9.) -
Derrington.—This prospect was worked on a section a short distance from
Moonta Mines, and secured favorable results, but funds failed. The workings lapsed
in 1873. - - - . .
Dempewolfe’s Claim.—Lease 448, near Mount Lyndhurst Head Station.
The deepest shaft sunk was (December, 1895) 30ft., and the ore raised was said to
have averaged 423 per cent, for copper at that date. A later return (July, 1896)
mentions that the shaft had reached 50ft. in depth, and that the ore returned 28} per
cent. - . - - :
Devon Consols (New Devon, or Gurner’s).-Shortly after the Wal-
laroo Mine had commenced working, a discovery in its vicinity, said to have been
made whilst excavating for a water tank, was named the Devon Consols. A small
syndicate took out a lease and did some work, getting a little good ore near to the
surface, but afterwards forfeited their claim. Then a company was formed, ultimately
having a nominal capital of £28,000. All the available part of that capital became
exhausted, and the affair was wound up, not for want of productive lodes and a good
prospect, but for want of funds. It is stated that there are five proved lodes in
the Devon Consols lease, running about east and west. The country is a micaceous
schist, decomposed as it approaches the lodes. At the time of stopping work, prior to
the last change of proprietorship, there was at the bottom of one of the shafts a 6ft.
widelode of killas and ore, of which width 18in, was composed of yellow sulphurets.
About 1,300 fathoms of levels were driven by the former proprietors, who had set up
COPPER. - - 15
a 60 h.p. winding and pumping engine, with crusher and jigger, and separate steam
power for working the machinery. After spending about £50,000 in developing the
property, and getting everything into thorough working order, the mine operations
ceased. - -
Diamond Jubilee Copper Mine.—Locality, about six miles east from
Leigh's Creek. A claim about 80 acres in extent, worked by a small syndicate.
In October, 1897, it was reported a tunnel had been driven 285:t., and a lode 8ft.
to 9ft. wide had been fully exposed. Samples taken from the 100ft. level gave
as bulk returns—“Firsts,” 30}, 32%, and 34 per cent. ; “seconds,” 19% and 22 per
cent. The ore was said to be free from mundic. A letter from Mr. Frank Stacy,
published December 1st, 1898, states that another truck of copper ore had been
treated, which returned 55 per cent. for copper, and some went even higher. There
had been 40 tons of ore sent from Leigh's Creek siding during November. -
Dolphin.—This prospect adjoins the Wallaroo Mines on the west, and is
regarded as a good property, though all the costeaning done to cut the Wallaroo
lodes resulted unsuccessfully. Operations ceased when the small subscribed capital
was exhausted. -
Doora.—Situated a short distance S.W. from the Wallaroo property and adjoin-
ing the Kurilla, on the private property of Sir W. W. Hughes. It was discovered
through small pieces of -carbonates being thrown up by burrowing rats. There has
been a great deal of copper ore taken out, and the lodes are reputedly large, but the
ore is of low percentage. -
Duke of Cornwall.—Situated about six miles from Kadina on the Adelaide
Road and adjoining the Truro. Four prospectors joined fortunes, costeaning on a
gossany iron outcrop, to endeavor to cut the Cornwall lodes. The venture was
unsuccessful. -
Duryea Copper Mine.--Locality, about one mile south of the Wallaroo
Mines. It contained a great deal of ore requiring treatment by some cheap process.
At the 12, 22, and 32 fathoms crosscuts and levels were driven, and two regular
lodes, heavily charged with mundic, were found running nearly east and west, and
underlying nearly 18in. in the fathom. In the 32-fathom level a good course of rich
yellow and black ore existed, and here the two lodes seemed to have run together.
There is a good deal of black ore in veins throughout the mine, and some small
branches of sulphide ore; but in several places patches of unproductive ground
occur. (Austin, 1863.) More extended workings proved this mine to be unremu-
nerative. - - - .
Dutton’s Mine.—Situated 82 miles north of Adelaide. It adjoins the Princess
Royal Mine on the south. Work ceased in 1851; but in April, 1897, mining was
resumed, and it was reported that a good lode had been cut, and a high-class ore
raised. : -
Earl Dalhousie (Jerry’s) Mine.—Situated S.E. of Copper Hill, and
worked by Messrs. Levi & Watts, at the outset, on the strength of a discovery of
green stains in stones, by a shepherd in their employ. Two shafts and a number of
costean pits proved to the proprietors that there was no payable lode. -
East Balhannah Bismuth and Copper Mining Company.—In
1872 a prospectus proposed to work sections 4046, 4047, and part of 4048, adjacent
to the Balhannah Mine.
‘Easther’s Claim.—Situated in the hundred of Cudlamudla, and at one time
prospects were said to be so encouraging that a syndicate called it the Northern
Monarch, and commenced operations. Four shafts were sunk, and drives were put

16 MINING RECORDS.
in, but failed to disclose any courses of ore that would pay to work. The Inspector
of Mines' report was that the picked ore bagged on the surface was worth only about
15 per cent., and, considering the smallness of the quantity obtainable and the lowness
of the grade, there was scarcely an inducement to proceed with expenditure. Copper
can be traced for a long distance on the surface on a north and south course.
East Moonta-A prospecting venture, near the Moonta Mine, intended to
open on known lodes in the locality; but operations were not continued owing to
the difficulty of providing capital when copper became depressed in value.
. . . Ediowie Copper.—Situation, block 16, Arkaba. A correspondent states
that early in 1897 four men were sinking on a copper lode which was showing a
good prospect. - . .
Edwards' Copper Mine.—Locality, 19 miles N.N.W. from Quorn, on
France's farm. The Inspector of Mines reported (1892) that a few small pits had
been sunk in calcareous clay slates at various points where copper carbonates were
seen. A shaft had also been sunk partly in an iron and maganese formation, but
the property was valueless, neither pits nor shaft disclosing any ore of value.
Elder’s Sections.—Sections 17623-4, situated two miles S.E. of Mutooroo
line of lode, and adjoining Crocker's. Acting Inspector Parkes reported (9/7/90)—
These sections are on the strike of Crocker's lode, are in a belt of mineralised country,
and exhibit quartz outcrops. No work done up to that date.
IElsie Adair.—Locality, near Mount Coffin. The Government Geologist
describes this claim as having a stratified formation, striking E. and W., and
dipping S.; it does not carry much copper. -
Elvena Copper Mine.—Locality, I 1 miles north from Beltana, and two and a
half miles east of the Great Northern railway line. The Inspector of Mines (Parkes)
described (1892) the property as consisting of two 80-acre blocks. A shaft had been
sunk 106ft. on a fissure of old crystalline limestone; a well-defined formation with a
small quantity of carbonates distributed through it. Strike, N. 24° E.; dip, 66° W.
At 40ft. level, a drive on the course of lode 30ft, southward, and then a winze 18ft ;
average width of lode 2ft. A main shaft sunk to 20ft., and stoping done southwards.
No. 3 shaft 15ft., about 100ft. north of No. 2. From No. 3 a costeam had been cut
westward 50ft. and 4ft. deep. From Nos. 1 and 2 shafts 70 tons ore sent away
averaging 443 per cent, copper per ton. On the eastern block some large shafts sunk,
yielding 20 tons ore, worth 25 per cent, fine copper per ton. The Inspector regarded
the property as worthy of being fully tested by deeper sinking and drives.
Emu Copper Mine.—Situated between Wallaroo and New Cornwall Mines.
Operations were commenced with the purpose of finding the spot where the lodes of
the two mines junctioned. The test gave discouraging results, affairs were wound up,
and the lease was forfeited. - -
- Emu Creek Copper Mine.—Situated 10 miles north from Beltana Railway
Station, in a country composed of grey arenaceous banded slates and clay slate. The
Inspector of Mines stated (1889) that the hill is traversed by a lode of magnetite
and brown oxide of iron, and on the west there is an outcrop of limestone covering
the cap of the lode. On this being disturbed carbonates can be found. The
size of the lode is undetermined, the work done being on the footwall. Two veins
exposed vary greatly in width. A shaft had been sunk 106ft. on a good branch of
carbonates, and at 30ft. a workable branch was followed in a drive for 25ft., and
12 tons of 30 per cent. ore raised and sent away. Below the 30ft., level the veins
pinched, and the shaft was continued on the underlay; but the branches appeared to
is worthy of being further tested.
get further apart. Another shaft was sunk on irregular branches of ore. The mine
COPPER. - 17
Emu Flat Copper Mine.—Locality, S.W. of the township of Clare. The
vein opened is a mixture of quartz, carbonate of lime, and sulphate of baryta, in grey,
white, and brown slate, and hard white calcareous and siliceous rock, and the ore,
impure green and blue carbonates, mixed with sulphurets of copper and iron. Not
much work has been done on it. (Selwyn, 1859.) : |
Enterprise Mining Company.—This company held various sections on
lease and freehold, amongst others section 5535, on the Sixth Creek; section 5607,
on the Torrens; and section 267, adjoining Wheal Gawler Silver-lead Mine. On
the Sixth Creek section, ores were found comprising red oxide containing specks of
virgin copper, grey copper, black oxide, and occasionally traces of blue and green
carbonate. The company began operations in the spring of 1847, but its operations
were limited. -
IEnterprise Copper Mine.—Locality, 11 miles from Gawler, near Williams.
town; 160 acres held on lease. No work done recently. -
Euko Mine.—This mine owed its discovery to burrowing rodents, just in the
same manner as that heralding the Doora find. Costeaning, the prospectors found
the back of a lode, which was found to be parallel to the lode in the North Yelta and
south of it. A shaft was sunk 22 fathoms on the lode, but a crosscourse at the
14-fathom level interfered, and the lode has never been discovered north of it.
Farina Syndicate.—Situate near Nicol's Nob. The Inspector of Mines
reported (1890) that a shaft had been sunk to the depth of 30ft. on a ferruginous
quartz vein, which carried carbonate and sulphide of copper enclosed in argillaceous
slates. He recommended deeper sinking, and a trial for gold as well as copper.
Fifth Creek Central Mine.—Situation, about eight and a half miles from
Adelaide, hundred of Onkaparinga. The company acquired 147 acres by purchase,
and, at the date of the Inspector of Mines' visit, had spent about £600 in mining
operations. Ore sent to the Port Adelaide Smelting Works realised 11+ per cent.
fine copper, and 45ozs. of silver per ton. The samples taken by Inspector Rose-
warne for trial by the Government Assayer gave, per ton—No. 1, 5% per cent. of
copper and 850zs. of silver; No. 2, 3% per cent. copper and 6ozs. 11 dwts. of silver;
and No. 3, 4} per cent. of copper and 28ozs. 15dwts. of silver; average, 5 per cent.
copper, and 400Zs, silver. The ore could be dressed to 30 per cent. copper containing
2400Zs. of silver to the ton. The constituents of the lode are gossan and oxide of iron,
with blue and green carbonates of copper. The ore had been found in very limited
quantities, but development would probably lead to the discovery of larger bodies,
In 1892 Inspector Parkes reported that the property consisted of 188 acres of
freehold; a tunnel had been driven 468ft., where it cut the main lode, drives had
been put in east and west, with total length of 600ft. ; at 35ft. west from the end of
the tunnel a winze had been sunk 90ft. The lode in the winze was 4ft. wide,
carrying small branches of rich copper ore. No. 2 tunnel, higher up the hill, had
been driven 145ft. north, cutting the lode, which was then driven upon 27ft. west
and 476ft. east, with a winze connecting with the No. 1 tunnel. No. 3 tunnel had
been driven on the course of the lode east 246ft., and a winze holed to No. 2. He
was of opinion that the lode was valueless for silver, and that Nos. 2 and 3 tunnels
should never have been opened; effort should have been directed to deeper sinking
and exploration for copper, the lode being stronger in depth than near the surface.
A subsidy was granted by the Government for further prospecting. The mine is at
work on a limited scale, and 13 tons of ore treated at the Port Adelaide Smelting
Works realised £120 4s. 7d. - . . . - -. . . - -
Plinders Copper Mine.—Situate two miles north of Tumby Bay, Spencer's
Gulf. This mine was opened about 1863. It consists of several claims, comprising
altogether about 200 acres, and has several lodes. An Adelaide syndicate has recom-
menced working the property. A main shaft is down 105ft, deep; 300galls, of water
lº
18 MINING RECORDS.
making per day. A drive is (December, 1898) being put in at water level to connect
with a winze sunk 45ft. below the 60ft. level, giving a large stoping block. The
lode is about 2ft. 6in. wide, with well-defined walls, and carrying good blue and
green carbonates, with patches of black and yellow ore. At that date No. 2 lode had
a shaft down 50ft., and the Register correspondent stated that the rich grey ore
continued, the lode was over 2ft. wide, and ground improving. Assays gave 34% and
363 per cent. The lodes do not outcrop; the ore carries a trace of gold. Mr. J.
Bails, one of the present owners, states that samples brought to Adelaide from the
depths respectively of 25ft., 70ft., and 105ft. were found upon assay to yield 20, 22,
263, 40, and 51% per cent. of metallic copper. He also states that the mine was
formerly worked on a tribute of 13s. or 14s., with satisfactory results.
Friend Copper Mine.—Locality, about a mile and a half north of Burr
Well, on Burr or Finke Creek, Mount Lyndhurst district. The Government
Geologist examined it early in 1897, and his report stated that shallow shafts had
been sunk at intervals, and cuttings made for 50 or 60 chains along the outcrop,
which runs in an east and west direction on the southern flank of a long range.
There are three adjoining claims, totalling 10 chains wide by 60 long. At the western
end small veins of rich copper glance occur in claystone and sandy clayslate. The
main shaft had been sunk 40ft. through vertical claystone, in the bedding of which
there is a thin vein of copper glance and carbonate of copper, lin. to #in. thick,
accompanied by a band of copper-bearing claystone 6in. to 8in, thick, with thin bands
of copper glance, and copper ore is seen in the surrounding country rock. These
have every appearance of going to a depth. Eastward of this shaft is an open cut
made in the vertical strata of flaggy slate and claystone, in which occur bedded veins
of copper glance and red oxide of copper, with sometimes native copper. Ribbon-
like bands of copper glance interlaminate the slate, and are distributed through it.
Further eastward calcareous claystone is stained with carbonate of copper, and shows
copper glance. Shaft No. 1, on the centre block, 12ft. deep, shows that claystone is
penetrated by copper ore for a width of about 7ft., and contains thin interbedded veins
of copper giance and red oxide, with cross veins, Further east surface prospecting
had exposed copper-bearing slate, with small veins of copper ore. The general strike
of the copper-bearing rock is east and west, conformably with the country rock, clay-
stones and sandy clayslates. The ores are very rich in copper; the lode formation is
not large, but will probably continue to a considerable depth, and a payable mine is
likely to be developed by systematic prospecting. Return to end of December showed
that the deepest shaft was 72ft.; average value of ore, 10 per cent. for copper.
Frithell’s Lease.—Situated seven miles south of Paralana Head Station.
The shaft was down 35ft. at the date of report, and there was also an open cutting.
It was stated that eight tons of ore had been mined, averaging 28 per cent, for fine
copper. The lode then pinched and operations ceased. .
Forlorn Hope Claim.—Situated at Mount Ogilvie. The Inspector of Mines
reported (October, 1890)—There are a number of very irregular and segregated veins
in the property, the general strike of which is 210°, and that upon one a shaft
had been sunk 34ft., and a tunnel driven 80ft. into the hill, but nothing of importance
had been met with. The claim was not of such value as to warrant a large outlay
upon it. - - - -
Gammon Creek Mine.—Situate near Mount Burr Mine. The lode is well
defined, showing on the surface for about three chains in length an average width of
4ft. Specimens sent to Adelaide contained grey sulphides. (1860-9.)
Gill’s Bluff.- Situated two miles northerly from Gill’s Bluff Mine, and a mile
easterly from the Bluff. It has yielded copper and nickel in small quantities.
Glenalbyn Mining Company.—Established 1850, to mine four sections
a mile N.W. from Strathalbyn. Operations ceased in 1851 as a result of the exodus
of miners to the Victorian diggings. - ,
$
COPPER. 19
Gordon Copper Mine.—Locality near Gordon township, and worked in 1896
with promise of good results. .
Great Benowrie Copper and Silver Mining Company.—Situated
16 miles from Mingary Railway Station. The secretary (Mr. O'Connell) states that
the property taken up by this company was 1,800 acres of Crown lands, and contains
about 10 lodes, with strike east and west and a width of 5ft. One shaft had been
sunk to the depth of 100ft., and a drive had been put in a distance of 20ft., the
country being granite. The ore readily dressed up to 20 per cent. The company
went into liquidation. - -
Great Britain. — This copper mine is situated on the seashore at Port
Wallaroo. A shaft was sunk just above high-water mark, and a strong lode found.
In rough weather the high tides damaged the workings, and the directors were
unable to make provision against this difficulty. The mine is full of water and, in
1890, had remained so for some years.
Great Consols.-This was a costeaning venture, undertaken by a few pros-
pectors, between Moonta and Penang. Very little was done in the way of explora-
, tion ere it was abandoned. - -
Great Gladstone Copper Mine.—Situated 32 miles easterly from Port
Augusta, on the slopes of low hills lying to the eastward of Mount Brown. The
country consists of clayslate and quartz. There are several outcroppings of ore, and
the backs of the lodes consist chiefly of ironstone, but there are fine specimens of
rich copper ore, grey oxide and brown ore, besides green carbonates and a little
malachite, Small particles of galena were also met with. Three shafts were sunk,
varying from 8 to 17 fathoms in depth, and drives were put in for some distance.
This mine is rich in specimens for the cabinet, the crystals of quartz stained with
copper and other metals being very beautiful. (Austin, 1863.) The Inspector of Mines
reported in March, 1890, a shaft had reached a depth of 100ft, going down between
two iron lodes, the gossan being argentiferous, sometimes yielding 50ozs, silver to the
ton. The shaft should, with such a good prospect, be sunk to a much greater depth,
as the two lodes might unite and prove valuable for silver.
Great Gorge Mine.—Situated at Yankalilla. The Inspector of Mines
reported (11/2/91)—An adit had been driven into the hill (80ft., cutting a lode
with a strike E.N.E. and W.S.W., upon which a drive was put in 20ft., alleged to
have holed into a shaft from top of a hill. At the end of the adit a winze had been
sunk, from which it was stated that nodules of copper pyrites had been obtained.
Enclosing rock, micaceous schists. . He could not report favorably. About a quarter
of a mile W.S.W. an underlie shaft on the footwall of the lode had been sunk 20ſt.
There were indications of copper.
Great Kirwan Mine.—Eight mineral claims, each 80 acres, situate about 12
miles S.E. of Hawker. (See KIRw AN.)
Great Mount Lyndhurst.—Situated six miles west of Mount Lyndhurst
Head Station, on a low hill composed principally of argillaceous slates. Inspector
Parkes (October 6th, 1890) reported that there were several shafts and pits on the
property, all in bad condition. There was nothing like a lode showing on the surface,
but he saw small segregated veins crossing the strata not worth developing. Again
he inspected the mine (August 27th, 1895) and found that a shaft had been put down
50ft, on two small segregated veins, composed principally of chalcolite, with small
deposits of atacamite; strike, N. 20° E., with dip N.N.W. Two other shafts had
been sunk, one 22ft. deep having a small but rich vein of copper. In No. 5 shaft,
15ft, deep, is a strong vein carrying small bunches of chalcolite equal to 50 per cent.
copper. Ore to the value of £355 had been sent away, and some was ready bagged,
(See CLARK’s CoPPER MINE.)
20 MINING RECORDS.
Great Montezuma —Locality, east of and adjoining the Flinders Mine,
Tumby. Under date November 18th, 1898, it was reported in the newspapers
that a securely-timbered shaft was down 82ft. on a well-defined lode, 2ft. wide,
strike east and west, and dipping S.W., and carrying high-grade black oxide and
green carbonates. A second shaft, 50 yards east, had proved the lode down to
32ft. 6in., and the width was found to be from 2ft. 6in. to 3ft., carrying rich grey
ore intermixed with chlorides, &c. December official return, six months, 5 tons of
20 per cent. ore. -
Great Northern (Two Brothers) Mine.—Situated 14 miles N.W. of
Blinnan. A fair amount of work was done over 30 years ago, without cutting the
lode. It was in November, 1898, taken up, and is being worked under the name
of the Great Northern Copper Mine. It is stated that a lode from 1ſt, to 3ft. wide
outcrops the full length of the section, composed of micaceous iron impregnated with
green carbonates, assaying 10 to 14 per cent. At a depth of 3ft. from surface solid
ore comes in, assaying up to 50 per cent, for copper. -
Great Wheal Orford Mine (Old Reedy Creek).-This venture
was comprised in the property of the Australian Mining Company at Tungkillo.
There were several lodes, and extensive work was done on one or two of them.
One shaft was sunk to a depth of from 40 to 50 fathoms, and an adit was driven
to a distance of 300 fathoms. The 10, 20, and 30 fathom levels were also driven
to considerable distances. The lodes were from 2ft. to 8ft. wide, and contained green
carbonates and grey ore. (See under “GoLD.”)
Green and Gold Mine.—This mine is situated about 10 miles E.N.E. of
Olary Railway Station, and possesses a large lode formation of siliceous iron ore, con-
taining a lode of copper pyrites and carbonate of copper about a foot wide. The
walls consist of micaceous schist and micaceous granite with garnets. The lode
strikes E.N.E., and an excavation made showed an increase in thickness. The rock
formations are metamorphic granite, gneiss, and mica schist, with dykes of eruptive
granite. (See also “Go LD.”) -
Greenock Creek Mine.—Distant 34 miles from Adelaide. Indications were
considered good, but work was suspended in 1851. - .
Gregor’s Mine.—Situation, three miles above the Gorge and near the Para-
chilna Creek. Prospecting for copper has been carried on for a good many years,
and a small quantity of ore is said to have been sent away. The veinstones are ferro-
calcite and quartz. The country is much broken up, and is precipitous, but indications
warrant greater effort in prospecting. (See MoUNT MARY and NILPEENA.)
Griffith's Claim.—Situated at Mount Ogilvie. The Inspector of Mines
reported (6/10/90) that a shaft had been sunk on a vein of ferruginous quartz 1ſt.
thick; worth trying at greater depth. No further particulars obtainable.
Grunthal Copper Mine.—(See under “Goºn.”)
Gubbin’s Copper Prospect.—Situated near Weedna Springs, Mount Searle
Run. A letter from the prospector, published in the Register of December 8th, 1898,
gave the following particulars: He was sending away from Leigh's Creek 12 tons
copper ore, following a six-ton parcel; some from the pile assayed 44; per cent. for
copper and 9dwt. for gold per ton, the lowest gold assay in three samples being
5dwts. A great many assays had proved the presence of gold and a small amount
of silver. The lode was 4ft. wide, and the highest assay had given 58% per cent.
The official return gave 29 per cent, as the highest yield, with 3dwts, gold per ton.
A good lode showing in the face of the drive. • T
COPPER. 21
Gum Well.—Situated about 56 miles east of Petersburg, two miles west from
Gum Well Station. This is an old mine with an open cutting, 30 yards in length and
10ft. deep, and a shaft about 40ft. deep. In the cutting a quartz and ironstone reef
is disclosed, carrying copper ore. The strike of the reef is E.N.E. The rocks are
black and bluish calcareous slates, and fine-grained slaty sandstone and limestone.
(1885.) : -
Gurr's Copper Venture.—Situate on the Oopina Run, eight miles N.W. from
Waukaringa, the property containing 80 acres. The Inspector of Mines reported, in
February, 1891, that a shaft had been sunk 20ft., cutting a small vein of ferro-calcite
carrying a little carbonate of copper. From the vertical shaft an underlie had been
sunk to a depth of 67ft. At about 300ft. west another shaft had been commenced.
Wein too small and poor to warrant continued expenditure.
Hamley Mine (Karkarilla).--This forms one of the Moonta group, on
Yorke Peninsula. In the first instance (1861) a small company subscribed 20 shares,
taking up seven sections west of Moonta Mines. Afterwards the present property
was secured. In March, 1862, ore was cut where the engine shaft now stands, and
a second shaft was sunk. Carbonates and black and yellow ore were discovered at
17 fathoms, and then nothing of value until the depth of 40 fathoms was reached.
The mine shortly afterwards stopped work, but very soon a re-construction under the
present name led to a renewal of operations with successful results. There are six.
lodes running in a westerly direction, and underlying 3ft. per fathom, and bearing
12° E. of N. Their average width is 3ft., and the ores they contain are chiefly
yellow and purple. The veinstone associated with the metallic minerals is quartz
and felspar, and the country rock is hard and close. The quantity of ore raised
(February, 1887) equalled 41,814 tons of the value of £333,739, and the average
value of the copper was 20 per cent. Nine shafts have been sunk, the deepest of
which is 153 fathoms. The ore occurs in a regular defined lode with occasional
bunches. (1887.) The description given (1890) by Mr. J. S. Scott, secretary to the
company, is as follows:– “This company holds a lease of Crown lands adjacent to
the Moonta Mine. The property contains six lodes, which strike 12° E. of N., and
have an average underlie of 3ft. per fathom. They vary in width from 1ſt. to 6ft.,
with here and there deposits which go from 10ft, to 15ft, in width. There are nine
shafts, and their several depths are 165, 120, 100, 90, 80, 65, 60, 40, and 30 fathoms,
following the dip of the lode. The total length of drives is 2,550 fathoms, and cross-
cuts have been driven to the total extent of 250 fathoms. The matrix of the ore is
quartz, and occasionally portions of the bedrock, the walls of the lodes being com-
posed of porphyry. The ore is a chalcopyrite, from 20 to 30 per cent, and bornite
50 per cent., and the yield is from one to four tons per fathom.” It is stated that
£58,899 has been distributed in dividends among the shareholders. Six months
return at end of 1898—deepest shaft, 175 fathoms; ore raised, 2034 tons, averaging
22g per cent. - -
IHarris’s Hill Copper Mine.—Situate two miles north from Tumby; has two
defined lodes running east and west, and 27ft, apart. From a small hole close to the
main lode half a ton of green carbonate and red oxide ore was taken. In August,
1897, four shafts had been sunk to a depth of 15ft. Two of the lodes yield red oxide
of copper, assaying 25% per cent. There are also green and blue carbonates, and
sulphate of copper. -
JHarrison’s Claim.—Situated near Mount Fitton. The Hode, 3ft. to 5ft.
wide, enclosed in granite, consists of kaolinised granite, iron oxide, and a little
quartz, with grey and carbonate ore. The strike is north and south, inclination
53° E. The shaft is 60ft. deep following the lode, with a drive at 50ft. Account
sale notes show that parcels of ore sold from this mine went from 353 per cent, to
563 per cent, for copper. It is probable that the rich shoot of ore will continue wo
a considerable depth. - *. ... ' ' ' .
22 MINING RECORDs.
Hercules Copper Mine.—Situate about six miles north from Waukaringa;
holding, 160 acres. Inspector Parkes reported (29/8/90) three distinct segregated
veins; general strike S.S.W., with dip E.S.E. 45°; country rock, indurated sand-
stone and slates. A shaft had been sunk 44ft. on western vein; at the bottom the
vein pinched and was of no value. Another sinking had opened upon a lode
consisting of quartz and copper, and he advised that prospecting by deeper sinking
should be carried out.
Holmes and Neilsen's Claim.—Situated half a mile S.S.E. from Leigh's
Creek. The Government Geologist reports that there is here a wide bed of primary
sandstone, more or less vertical, striking east and west, containing rich carbonate ore
in small veins and nodules throughout the mass. There is a large quantity of material
suitable for concentration. -
Home Mine (Home Shaft).—This is one of the numerous shafts in the
Wallaroo Mines, Yorke Peninsula. It is a short distance N.W. of the Matta Matta
Mine, and near to the town of Kadina. Other shafts in the immediate neighborhood
are the Wombat, Taylor's, Young's, and Hughes'. These are sunk upon the same
lode, running east and west, at considerable intervals apart. Mr. Austin wrote in
1863 :— . - .
In Hughes' shaft, at the 40-fathom level, a drive has been carried east on a splendid course of
solid ore, 8ft. in width. The prevailing nature of the ore in this mine is yellow sulphuret, but a
variety of ore has been met with in the course of the workings, namely, red and grey oxides, car-
bonates and muriates, and a little malleable copper. The average quality from these mines does not
exceed probably 15 per cent, but the quantity is enormous.
Iron King Copper Prospect.—Five claims, situate about 20 miles east-
ward from Hawker, hundred of Adams. They were (13/8/96) stated to be yielding
good results. In February, 1897, the main shaft had been sunk to 70ft.; green and
blue carbonates and yellow and purple ore. Copper ore in a limestone ridge gave
32 per cent. and traces of silver. The Government Geologist examined the claims
and found that there was an outcrop of magnetite (magnetic iron oxide) some 60ft.
wide and 12 chains long, striking in a north-easterly direction through vertical beds
of clay rock, calcareous slates, and limestone. The indications are not sufficient to
.
warrant much outlay beyond surface prospecting.
Jago and Harris’s Prospect.--Locality, Uroonda. There is an outcrop
of limestone, quartz, and gossan, containing copper pyrites and carbonates, the for-
mation being in one place 2ft. 6in. wide; strike N. 50° E. The prospectors have
sunk shallow shafts and excavations, and an assay return of sample gave 3% per cent.
of copper. .
Copper ore has also been discovered and prospected to a small extent on section
20, Uroonda, and on mineral section 5777, Moockra.
John Bull Mine (Cocking’s Warioota).—Situated about four miles
east from the township of Beltana. The original finders, four miners, worked on
these claims for twelve months, without the aid of machinery. The lode, as it
appeared on the surface, was almost flat. About 50 tons of ore were tried, and gave
nearly 45 per cent. without dressing. (1860-9.). (See SILVER.) The Warden of
the Goldfields recently examined this mine, and found two men were working on a
very flat vein of copper from 2in. to #in. thick, enclosed in hard indurated slate,
and assaying up to 43 per cent. for fine copper. In the vicinity the ground was
worked for alluvial deposits of copper slugs.
Kadina Mine.—This was a speculative venture in the neighborhood of the
town of that name, Yorke Peninsula, but no satisfactory results were secured.
Radina, Section 339, Hundred of-The Government Geologist examined
this copper prospect in September, 1898. He found that prospecting shafts which
have been filled up or have fallen in, had been sunk on a lode from which copper
ore was said to have been mined,
COPPER. - 23
Radina, Section 233, Hundred of.-Prospecting shafts were sunk here -
on a large lode. -
Ralkabury Mine.—Situated near Moonta, and worked many years ago, when,
it was stated, good copper ore was raised. -
Kanappa Mine.—Situate on section 1836, hundred of Angas, and 37 miles
E.N.E. from Adelaide. The Government Geologist inspected this mine (July, 1898),
which was worked five years after its discovery in 1867, producing, it was stated,
300 tons of copper ore. The mine was again taken up fifteen years ago, and 80
or 90 tons of ore was raised in twelve months. The original shaft, 50ft, deep, and the
drives were full of water. Recent workings include open cuts and shallow shafts on
the lode. Samples from the spoil-heaps and copper-ore tailings assayed from 4dwts.
12grs, to 5dwts. 23grs. gold, and from 3dwts. 30grs, to 8dwts, 13grs. silver.
Samples from recent workings showed a trace of gold. The recommendation of the
Government Geologist was that prospecting at depth should be carried on for copper
and gold. i
Kanmantoo Mine.—Situated 33 miles S.E. of Adelaide, in the property of
the South Australian Company. It was worked by them from 1846 to 1852, yielding
3,410 tons of fair ore. It was found, however, that the expenses were greater than
the profits, and work ceased. Subsequently mining has been carried on by small
local companies at different times, but never at a profit, and the mine was not worked
for some years. Mr. J. B. Austin wrote in 1863 as follows:– * †
The principal lodes are the Kangaroo, Emily's, and the Boundary lode. The two first run north
and south, and the latter is a counter lode. The first lode, yielded yellow ore of a moderate per-
centage. Emily's lode gave large quantities of yellow ore, which at the 10-fathom level gave place
to red oxide and native copper. Two levels have been driven on the lode at 16 and 26 fathoms
respectively. The copper produced at the smelting works from the ore now being raised amounts to
about 12 tons per month. A great amount of work has been done at this mine since its commence-
ment. The South Australian Company raised about 4,000 tons of ore, and opened a large extent of
ground. Mr. W. B. Dawes, the subsequent lessee, raised about 1,900 tons. Smelting works were
built in the neighborhood of Scott's Creek, and consisted of a calcining, a reverberatory, and a
refining furnace, and other necessary buildings.
The Inspector of Mines, reporting in 1889, said the shafts had caved in by reason
of non-working, but that the large open quarries bore evidence of the size of the
bunches of carbonate ore worked. The series of lodes and crosscourses make
lenticular bunches of ore on a lode bearing north and south. About 15,000 tons of
ore had been got by occasional working during a period covering thirty years. The
water proceeding from one of the crosscuts holds sufficient copper in solution to yield
precipitates of high grade, which would supply a regular income for opening up
the mine, which is not yet explored beyond the 30-fathom level. The Inspector
added that a mine that had from carbonate ores given such returns as shown in this
case, and that had not been worked deeper than the 30-fathom level, should certainly
have a reasonable amount of expenditure in opening up thoroughly, and erecting the
necessary dressing machinery. -
Kanman too Mine West.—Situated on a section adjoining the last-men-
tioned mine; but no great amount of work done upon it, nor any special results
recorded. Some good carbonates were obtained in one part of the mine. (Austin,
1863.) The Inspector of Mines says (1889) this property has the Paringa lodes, and
is worthy of further test. With sufficient capital to provide dressing machinery and
open up the mine, payable returns might be expected. A 6in. lift would keep the
mine dry, and low-grade ore might be made to give returns, because of the possibility
of economical working, and the adjacency of the railway. -
Kanyaka Mine.—Situated in the hundred of Kanyaka. In a country con-
sisting chiefly of pipeclay, decomposed slate, and soft sandstone, there is a very
well-defined lode, having near the surface the appearance of indurated clay, strongly
stained with copper, and containing occasional stones of ore of fair average per-

24 - MINING RECORDS.
centage. The lode is from 2ft. to 30in. in width, but is rather flat, dipping from the
horizon only about 2ft. in the fathom. A great deal of gypsum is found at the sides
of the lode. Several shafts have been sunk, the deepest of which is 15 fathoms,
and these are connected by drives extending for about 40 fathoms. (Austin, 1863.)
Kapunda Mine.—Situated north of Adelaide some 50 miles. It is the oldest
copper mine in South Australia, having been discovered in 1842, by Mr. Francis S.
Dutton and Mr. Charles Samuel Bagot. The workings are on hilly ground of
moderate elevation. The first ore was raised at the Kapunda Mine on January 8th,
1844; and on the 23rd of the same month, five dray loads were dispatched to Ade-
laide. The news of the discovery had the effect of stimulating the search for minerals
in all directions. There are four lodes, of widths varying from 4ft. to 6in. The main
lode is intersected by Cox's lode at an angle of 25°; Hart's lode crossed both Main
and Cox's, and it was there that the best deposits of ore were discovered. The direction
of the lodes is 25° east of north, and the underlie as a rule is 2ft. in the fathom.
Associated with the metallie minerals is a run of blue decomposed slate on the east
and north, red soapstone on the west, and on the N.W. a hard dark rock which dips
toward the south, and though seen on the surface is not again met with until a depth
of 75 fathoms is reached. The proportion of metal to the ton is about 183 per cent.
There are eight shafts, comprising two of 75 fathoms, one of 35 fathoms, and five
ranging from 14 to 25 fathoms. The water level is eight fathoms below the surface.
On the 14th June, 1879, the mine was sold under liquidation, and from that date to
about May, 1886, was worked by tributers. The ore raised by them is valued at
about £9,000. In Harcus’ “South Australia,” 1876, Mr. J. B. Austin stated that
the quantity raised from the time of the opening of the mine until it was sold
averaged 2,000 tons per year, or a total of about 70,000 tons. At the 75-fathom
level an exceeedingly rich lode of from 2ft. to 3ft. in width was found, consisting of
yellow sulphide of copper, said to be equal to 24 per cent. Mr. Alfred R. C. Selwyn,
Government Geologist of Victoria, who visited the Kapunda Mines in 1859, remarks:
The mines are worked in a very peculiar soft aluminous rock of various colors—from pure white
passing into pink and red, grey and blue. Frequently it is either covered with spots or traversed at
right angles to the beds by thin veins or streaks of a pure white soft mineral, probably silicate of
alumina. The galleries are all driven with pickaxe and spade, the rock seldom being hard enough to
render the use of powder necessary. The general dip of the beds near Kapunda is west 10° to 20°
south. The veins, of which there are several running in parallel lines, north by east, and south by
west, have also a westerly underlay from 25° to 80°. To the N.E. they all terminated abruptly in a
soft dark-blue pyritous slate, which runs N.E. and S.W., dipping to the N.W. from 25° to 70°. On
their southern strike the veins are all intersected by a series of nearly east and west faults, throwing
them to the eastward in steps. The ores, blue and green carbonates and red and black oxides and
native copper, seem to occur in very irregular veins and patches occasionally in the planes of the
bedding. - . * -
The copper from this mine, it is stated, has always, because of its purity, com-
manded the highest price in the world given for that metal.
The latest examination is reported by the Government Geologist under date March
1st, 1899. He states that the mine workings are flooded; but the evidence collected
shows that there are several lodes which strike more or less meridionally and dip
westerly. Harris's shaft is 480ft. deep, and by a drive at 420ft. Dunstan's, Hart's,
Tratton's, and Magor's lodes were cut in 150ft. Dunstan's lode has been stoped
from that level up to the 180ft. level for about 150ft. in length, Hart's lode from the
420ft. to the 240ft, for a length of 240ft., Tratton's lode from the 420ft. to the.180ft.,
and Magor's lode was similarly worked. Main lode was worked along the surface
by an open cut for a length of about 350ft. Buhl engine shaft is 450ft. deep, and is
connected with Harris's by the 420ft. level. From this level Main lode was stoped
to the surface for a length of 600 ft. in a lode 6ft. wide and well defined. Robert's
lode was worked to a depth of 180ft. and for a length of 120ft. These are apparently
the principal lodes in the mine; but there are others, including Richards', Hodges',
Charlotte, Wheel Dutton, &c. The last named has been worked down to 222ft. At
Hillside, in the adjoining section, in a line with Main lode, are two parallel lodes,
which have been worked to a depth of 150ft. and about 120ft. in length. The
testimony of old reports and of verbal descriptions by miners who worked on the
COPPER. 25
property agree in the statement that for many years the mine was very productive.
From the period when the mine closed down tributers have been at work on the pro-
perty, and a royalty of 30 per cent. was obtained by the owners. The primary cause
of the abandonment of mining operations by the company was the large influx of
water at the deepest point reached in Harris's shaft; but it is believed that rich lodes
have been left unworked at depth. The Government Geologist points out that it is
not at all probable that the lodes, which have been worked with profit down to the
420ft. level, die out or become exhausted at such a comparatively shallow depth, and
advises the sinking of a main shaft to a depth of 600ft. at a convenient distance west
to cut the lodes at depth (which all dip in that direction) as well as to drain the mine.
Captain Osborne was in charge of the mine for some years, having been engaged
expressly, it is stated, to treat the poor ores by leaching with acid, which resulted in
saving large quantities of fine copper, and during his management very little was done
in the development of the mine. It appears that the mine was only really worked
for a period of about twenty-two years. The following table furnishes interesting
details of results during the nine years indicated, and suggests the probability that the
mine is yet likely to yield payable results under systematic and improved methods:–
Assay. - Assay.
Year. Ore Sold. & +5 . || Precipitates Sold. º +5 Total Value,
§ § § § § 3.
* .r. {1} H rº dº
§ | 3 || 3 | 3 || 3 || 3
+: ºr: H <! Fr. H
Tons c. H Ç d o IłS C, Ç º -
{2lcwts.) Q. ſo |o ſo gº." {} | lo */ f 8, d.
1870 765 10 2 || 26 32; 23; 374 l 7 1 59% 62; ; 57; 21,347 15 2
1871 1,317 18 2 || 21 23} 14 249 19 2 || 66# 80 63 21,584 8 6
1872 1,730 13 0 || 13% 20 8% 51 8 1 59% 73; 34% 19, 186 15 3
1873 1,538 3 ||34 |3}} | . 155 15 0 || 36|| || 78; ii 21,971 16 10
1874 1,391 12 2 || 14 }} | 9; 121 13 1 || 60%; 79% 24 17,385 2 6
1875 1,250 13 0 || 14; 19+ 9% 129 4 0 || 63% 81} || 25 16,681 5 4
1876 1,428 10 1 || 15 # 20+ 12; | 26 6 () || 69 82} | 35} 17,350 10 11
1877 1,194 17 1 || 15* . 16** | 1.1% 190 12 2 || 65 81% 38; 16,026 4 5
1878 314 7 2 if 16 173* | 14 || 91 0 2 || 76++ 84% 31.3% 5,649 11 0
11,235 20 0 || 16*s ºmºmºm sº-º-º: 1,484 16 1 || 64; m — £156,883 9 11
Karkarilla Mine.—(See HAMLEY.)
Karkulto Mine.--Situated between Kapunda and the Burra, about 35 miles
from the first-named township. This mine is chiefly remarkable from the fact that,
though the indications of copper were considered extremely good, very little copper
was obtained. Large and regular lodes were found, the walls were well defined, but
the ironstone and gossan in them did not, as was hoped, give place to copper.
(Austin, 1863.) It was held by the South Australian Mining Association conjointly
with the Burra Mine.
Relly’s Mine.—Situated two and a half miles N.W. of Blinnan Mine, on a
mineral licence over 80 acres. There is a lode striking east and west, 23ft. wide, on
which an underlie shaft has been sunk 30ft., and a drive 6ft. west has been put in.
The walls are composed of soft siliceous limestone, and the lode gives about 25 tons
of carbonate ore per fathom. Facilities for transit and smelting would lead to great
development of this and other similarly situated mines. (Captain Doble, 1890.)
Retchowla.-Near Pandappa Dam, N.E. District. There was a show of copper
on the surface at this place, and a fair amount of work was done to prove the lode;
but, as the prospects were not promising, the mine was abandoned. Galena is said
to have been found in the neighborhood. -
26 MINING RECORDS.
. Kingston Mine.—Situate seven miles N.E. of Kooringa. Some stones of ore,
oxide of copper, and silver-lead, have been found on the property. No information
given beyond 1867. - -
Kintore Mine.—Situated seven miles S.E. of Yunta Railway Station. A
vertical shaft was sunk, and a vein cut at 40ft., which was followed on the underlie
at an angle of 20°, and shows specular iron, oxide and carbonate of copper, inter-
mixed with quartz; but the Inspector of Mines was of opinion that this discovery
was not worth following up (1889). In October, 1890, the Inspector reported that
an underlie shaft had been put down 75ft At 65ft. the vein changes in dip from
20°; nothing of value in sight, either there or in a vertical shaft sunk to cut the vein.
Kintore Hills Copper and Silver Mine.—Situated about seven miles
N.N.E. from Walloway Railway Station. The Inspector of Mines reported on the three
sections in 1892, which had then been prospected for three years, but not systemati-
cally. A few shallow pits had been sunk on small segregated veins carrying
carbonates. A quartz lode, striking E. 10° N. with dip to N.N.E., is also metal-
liferous. Silver, as well as carbonate of copper, was also found, running up to about
6ozs, per ton. Other lodes and irregular metalliferous deposits also exist. Nothing
of value in sight; more and deeper prospecting recommended. .
Kirwan Mine.—Situated four miles south from Mount Craig, 72 miles N.E. of
Port Augusta, and about 12 miles from Hawker, at the foot of a range of hills
sloping towards a plain to the westward. The country consists of a light soft killas
and a kind of pipeclay. There are several lodes and bunches of ore on the property,
running generally to the east of north, and underlying from 18in. to 2ft. in the fathom.
Three shafts have been sunk, and at the bottom of the deepest, 21 fathoms, there is
a lode between 3ft. and 4ft. wide, composed of quartz and copper pyrites. In a
crosscut driven to the S.E., a lode of fine blue and green carbonates about a foot wide
was cut. A short distance to the west two shafts were sunk on the course of the
lode, which is composed of carbonates of copper intermixed with ironstone, and is
traceable for 300 yards. On another section, about a mile and a half S.E. of the
Kirwan, 'a small shaft was sunk on a lode running east and west, and which produced
some fine grey and red oxide. The country on the Kirwan Mine differs somewhat
from that on either side, and would seem to be a band of more favorable strata for
copper. (Austin, 1863.) Recently the property was examined by the Mines In-
spector, who states that the claim has been worked for copper twice, and was started
over twenty years ago. The ground is favorable, and there are several outcrops.
There is a large north and south lode composed of iron, quartz, and manganese, and
a strong pyritous lode running N.E. and S.W. A tunnel driven into the hill disclosed
six veins of copper of excellent grade. It is a fair prospect, and worthy of being
tested in depth. Several tons of ore, yielding 30 per cent. of copper, are stated to
have been raised at this mine. (1889.) - -
Roaj eune Mine.—Situated three miles east from Port Wallaroo. Two or three
shafts were sunk, and some good copper ore was taken out. Capital was unobtainable
and the mine was abandoned. g - -
Roh-i-moor Mine.—Situated one and a half miles N.E. from the Paramatta
Mine, near to the Challa. A shaft was sunk about 10 fathoms, and small specks of
yellow ore found in good ground, but total results were disappointing.
- Kooroona Mine.—(See CoPPER VALLEY.)
Kooagnie Copper Mine.—Carbonates of copper were found on private
land four miles from Kadina, and costeaning led to the discovery of a lode
formation. A shaft was sunk on the dip of the lode south, but the vein not proving
productive of any large bodies of ore, a vertical shaft was put down 80ft., and cross-
cutting was carried on. The indications on the surface, in the estimation of the
Mining Inspector, warranted a continuation of prospecting operations. (1889.)
COPPER. . 27
Kulpara Mine.—(See CoPPER HILL.)
Rurilla Mine.—Situated a little to the S.W. of the Wallaroo Mines. It con-
tains three lodes underlying north, with an east and west bearing, and having an
underlie ranging from 1 ft, 8in. to 2ft. 3in. in the fathom. The width of the lodes
varies from lift. to 9ft., and the ore they contain is chiefly chalcopyrite. Sometimes,
indeed, it is pure chalcopyrite, but in other instances it contains from 3 to 15 per
cent. of copper. The veinstone associated with the metallic minerals is iron pyrites,
portions of the bedrock, &c., while the country rock is talcose schist. Twenty-six
shafts, including the trial shafts, have been sunk, the deepest of which is 498ft. The
length of drives put in at various levels in 1886 equalled three and one-sixth miles.
The water level was reached at 30ft. The deposits of copper ore are chiefly along the
lead of the lodes, associated with “gangue,” the present supplies being mostly chalco-
pyrite. In many ways this mine is similar to the Wallaroo Mines, the chief difference
being that the veinstone is not so mixed with “gangue,” so that the chalcopyrite is of
a higher percentage. Accurate information with regard to the total amount of ore
raised and its money value has not been obtainable; but, during the ten years from
1874 to 1884, the ore sold from this mine equalled 19,397 tons, of the value of
£155,068. Of the ore raised prior to 1874 no record was kept, and of that obtained
since 1884 it is probable that at least 1,000 tons have been sold, valued at £5,000.
(1886.)
Lady Buxton Copper Mine.—Situated six miles south from Paralana Head
Station. A shaft was down, in 1896, to the depth of 20ft.; and returns obtained in
July of that year showed the ore yielded from 24 to 324 per cent. of fine copper.
Lake Torrens Mine.—Situated adjacent to the Beltana Mine, on the Western
Plains. It was originally taken out by resident squatters, and held by them for
several years. The lode is said to show on the surface for a distance of 600 yards, and
is alleged to be 6ft. wide in some places, carrying good copper ore. (1860-9.)
Leather and Chips Mine.—This mine was situated near Wallaroo Mines,
and not far from and south of the Doora. It was one of a series of speculative
ventures. It was never worked. - -
Lease 852 (Cave's).-Locality, Mount Coffin; about to recommence working.
Lease 1293.-Situated on the Moolooloo Run, about 16 miles N.N.E. from
Leigh's Creek. A shaft has been sunk to the depth of 150ft. The average produce
of the ore is 24 per cent, fine copper. -
Leases 1326-7.-Situated south from Mount Craig, hundred of Adams.
Nothing done, pending raising working capital. - : -
Leigh's Creek Copper Mine.--Situated four miles east from Mount Coffin.
There are two north and south lodes, composed of calcite, quartz, and gossan, with a
dip 45° east, alternating with slate, dip west; strike E. 20° S. The ores are blue
and green carbonates. Two shafts have been sunk to a depth of 80ft. to 100ft.
Another mine is situated about two miles S.E. of Leigh's Creek Railway Station,
from which some copper ore has been obtained. Green carbonate exists in small
veins, coloring a white argillaceous sandstone; associated with this are reefs of iron
ore and siliceous rock. (Visited in 1884.) The Inspector reported an examination
of the mine, October 9th, 1890. A considerable amount of work had been done.
There were two lodes; on the southernmost, shafts and trenches had exposed carbo-
nates and red oxide of copper ; and, at the base of a hill capped with quartzite, a
tunnel had been driven 270ft., which had cut the lode. At the end of the tunnel a
winze had been sunk to a depth of about 30ft., from which the lode should be tested.
It has been stated that it is increasing in size at that depth.

28 - MINING RECORDS.
Leigh’s Creek—Ward and Campbell and Ormsby recently pegged claims in
the neighborhood of Leigh's Creek, for prospecting outcrops of copper-stained rocks,
and their search is now proceeding. - . . . . .
Lewis’s.-Locality, near Sanderston, hundred of Angas. Work done to end of
1898 : four costeans 11 ft. to 18ft. deep, and about same in width ; a cutting in the
top of the hill, 100yds. long, 15ft. deep, and 8ft. wide; and drives of various lengths.
Lindo's Claim.—Situated at Cudla Mudla, and not worth working, according
to the judgment of the Inspector of Mines. There is, in very hard ground, a small
irregular vein of ferro-calcite carrying carbonate of copper.
Lindschau’s Copper Chow.—Locality, about a mile from Radtzki and
Elliot's gold claim. The Government Geologist reports the existence here of out-
crops of quartz stained with green carbonate of copper, and carrying a small
percentage of that metal. - -
Lipson’s Cove Mine.—Situation, on the eastern coast of Spencer's Gulf;
area, 778 acres, of which 554 acres is freehold. In 1860 operations commenced on
a lode producing grey ore, carbonate, and black sulphuret of copper. It was stated
that there were a number of promising lodes within the boundary of the property,
and shallow shafts were sunk, from which ore of a good percentage was obtained.
Other places in the neighborhood were prospected, and strong lodes were discovered,
Some of which it was alleged could be traced for a distance of three miles. -
Lloyd’s Prospect.—Situated on Ashby's farm, near Clare. The Government
Geologist examined this venture in 1888, and pronounced that there was no lode and
nothing to lead anyone to suspect the existence of one.
Lyndoch Mine.—(See under GoLD).
MacDonnell Hill Claims.—Situated on the Outalpa sheep run. The
Inspector of Mines reported (1889) that very little work had been done, the deepest
pit being 20ft. In the first pit there was visible a branch of very fair grade carbo-
nate and oxide of copper, well worth sinking on; apparently a true lode, gradually
increasing in size as depth is attained, with east and west bearing, and southern
underlie. Like most of the copper ores in the north-east, a small quantity of gold is
present, but not sufficient to pay for cost of extraction. The other costeanings on
the ground show that a considerable extent of it is copper-bearing, and the claims are
only two miles from a railway. There is sufficient inducement for further prospect-
Ing.
MacDonald Mine.—Situation, one and a half miles east of Daly Bluff, among
very high and rugged hills; area, 220 acres. The report of the Inspector des-
cribed a shaft 35ft, sunk in the entrance of a short tunnel, on a vein containing
copper and bismuth, which runs through crystalline limestone. A number of lodes
run through the property, the prevailing rocks being granite, micaceous schist,
indurated slate, and crystalline limestone. His opinion of the value of the property,
if systematically developed, was highly favorable.
Maitland Copper Mine.—This property comprised seven claims, 560 acres,
about four miles N.E. from Maitland, Yorke Peninsula. The secretary reported that
blue and green carbonates found on the surface led to a shaft being sunk on the dip
of the lode, which is 4ft. wide, yielding grey and yellow ore. The lode is said to be
in a fissure in the granite.
Malone’s Mine.—Situated about eight miles from Watt's Sugar Loaf, and
11 miles from the township of Kanyaka. A lode containing stains of copper was
found on the surface, and, on sinking, some good ore was met with. (Austin, 1868.)
COPPER. - * 29
Mallee Hut Claim.—Locality, about 16 miles south from the Blinman Mine,
and about six miles S.W. from Mount Emily. A lode opened in a creek showed good
walls, with killas and fluccan and fine gossan in the lode, and a fair amount of green
carbonate of copper and yellow ore. The lode is nearly perpendicular, and 18in.
wide. A small shaft was sunk, but the mine was ultimately abandoned. (Austin,
1863.) .
Mammoth Black Ridge Mine.—This is situated four miles south from
Artepena Trig, and three miles east from Artepena Dam. The Mining Journal says
that there is here an outcrop, 100ft. wide in places, which can be traced for more
than a mile, and that the ore in lode formation assays 16 per cent, for metallic copper
and 1660zs. of silver and 10dwts, of gold per ton. A crosscut at 95ft. from surface
is stated to have tapped a leader 2ft 6in. thick of free gold milling quartz. (See
SILVERINA in the “SILVER'' Section.) - - -
Mandarin Copper Show.—Locality, 10 miles S.E. from Mount Lyndhurst
Station, on the track from Lyndhurst to Mount Rose Mine, two miles N.W. of the
crossing over Frome Creek. The Government Geologist examined this property in
1896, and reported that several shallow pits had been sunk, proving the presence of
copper ore in places for a width of 100 yards, and along the strike for about half a
mile. The ore consists of copper glance, red oxide, and carbonate of copper in veins
in claystone and quartz; strike, north and south. Slugs of rich copper ore, chiefly
carbonate, were visible along the outcrop, which had been merely costeaned in different
places. An exhaustive and systematic search would probably lead to the discovery
of larger deposits of copper ore. -
Mary Mine.—Locality, 20 miles N.E. from Olary.
Matta Matta Mine.—Situated near Kadina and Wallaroo Mine, Yorke
Peninsula. Two shafts were sunk, each to a depth of 20 fathoms, and a fine lode of
ore, running about E.S.E. and N.W., was cut at the 10-fathom level. It contained
green carbonate and grey sulphuret, with red oxide and a quantity of maileable
copper. (Austin, 1863.) The mine was worked as a separate property for a short
time subsequent to the beginning of the mining industry on the Peninsula. The
operations of the proprietors were, however, suspended in consequence of the
influx of water; and ultimately the mine was included in the property of the Wal-
laroo Company.
Mattapara Mine.—Situated near Moonta. It was opened about 1874, and
was worked on a small scale for some time, but results did not encourage continued
working when the price of copper fell to an unremunerative rate.
Mattawarangala Mine.—This was on lease 11504, situated four miles S.E.
of Mattawarangala Head Station. It ceased working in the “eighties,” and the lease
was forfeited in 1890. There does not appear to have been any attempt to resume
prospecting.
McConville’s Mine.—Situated about six miles south from Kanyaka, amongst
low bald hills. There is a lode on the surface, running about 300 yards north and
south, and about 18in. thick. The ore, which is mixed with gossan and felspar, is
not continuous, but occurs in patches. It is a rich sulphuret of a dark greenish-grey
color. A shaft was sunk on the lode to the depth of about three and a half fathoms
and a drive was then carried for five fathoms, copper ore being found throughout.
(Austin, 1863.)
McLeish’s.-Situated north from Mount Jacob. It was reported that 5 tons of
40 per cent. copper have been raised from this claim. -
Menkoo Mining Company. --This company held a lease from the Britannia
Mining Company, Bremer; stopped working in 1851, - -
30 MINING RECORDS.
Mid-Moonta Mine (New Mid-Moonta).--Situated near Moonta Mine.
Exploratory costeaning was undertaken because of the direction of the Moonta lodes;
and, favorable indications of deposits of ore being discovered, two shafts were sunk,
the one called Harvey’s and the other Morris's, 17 and 30 fathoms respectively. In
the latter, levels were driven on the course of the lode at 24 fathoms, and a quantity of
high percentage ore was taken out, the lode at foot averaging 4ft. wide, with every
sign of improvement. As a result of the low price of copper, strong influx of water,
and insufficient appliances and capital, the affair came to a standstill. An attempt
was made to revive it a couple of years ago (1888), but resulted in liquidation before
practical work was resumed. More recently an effort has been made to secure
English capital, with a view to a resumption of work, and it is understood that the
necessary capital has been secured. -
Miers’ Copper Prospect.—Locality, section 58, Eurilpa. There is a lode
formation of spathic iron and calespar, with disseminated copper ore, striking N.W.,
carrying a small percentage of copper, which has been prospected by shallow shafts
and open cuts. Further prospecting should be done.
Mildaltie Copper and Silver Mine.—Situated 260 miles N.E. from
Adelaide, and 12 miles S.E. of the railway, in the district of Mingary, in a slightly
undulating, undisturbed belt of highly metalliferous country. The following par-
ticulars have been furnished by Mr. W. H. James, mining manager :--Mining
operations were started by the company costeaning across the line of the strata
(schistose rock) revealed three well-defined lodes with a strike N.N.E. and S S.W.,
traversing the company's three 80-acre sections. In putting down a shaft in a
strong, well-defined lode, 30ft. of sinking yielded 10 tons of 30 per cent, ore.
The minerals near the surface were malachite and azurite, embedded in gossan, the
latter worth 16ozs. silver per ton. At present bottom black sulphide is being raised.
The full width of lode is not determined, but trenching on its course has shown it to
be continuous in length. The lode improves in quality and size in depth, and the
company has fully a mile of lode to work upon. Assays given by Government
Assayer of samples supplied to him, gave—(1) copper glance, 5ozs. silver and 583 per
cent, copper; (2) ironstone, 30+ per cent. copper ; (3) azurite, 6ozs. of silver, 19+
per cent, copper ; (4) malachite, 21% per cent, copper, -
Miller’s Mine. —Inspector Parkes examined and reported March, 1892,
describing it as situated four miles N.N.E. from Nackara Railway Station. A
shaft had been sunk 37ft. on a small irregular vein carrying green carbonate of
copper, and other shallow pits in various parts of the property. Nothing of value
disclosed. - - -
Minburra. —This claim lies to the west of Waukaringa. A little work was done
in strong outcrops without every encouraging results. - - -
Mochatoona Mine.—Locality, 27 miles N.N.E. from the Blinman. This mine
was formerly considered a wonderful discovery. For some time men were employed
there, but the mine workings were eventually abandoned. Prospected from 1860 to
1869. . -
Monster Lode.--This property is near the Wheal Ellen Mine, about three
miles from the town of Strathalbyn. It consists of several mining sections, upon
which a few miners worked for some months on tribute. (Austin, 1863.)
Monarch’s Head.—Situated near Hawker, and held by a local company in
1896. A shaft was put down 55ft. through hard ground; but softer country came
in, and carbonates of lime and copper, and manganese and a small vein of asbestos
were met with. A newspaper report (25/2/97) stated that a drive was being put in
at the 65ft. level, the face showing soft ironstone and gossan, suggesting assay for
silver. - . . . . .
COPPER. 31
Montacute Mine.— Situated on the Mount Lofty Range, and about 10 miles
nearly N.E. from Adelaide, is one of the oldest mines in the colony, having been
discovered in 1843-4. The mine is on a steep spur of the range, and extensive out-
croppings of ore were visible on the surface. The ores found were chiefly yellow
and peacock ores, averaging 18 per cent. Some native copper was also found.
(Austin, 1863.) In 1848 the quantity of ore raised was about 1,500 tons; the
quantity shipped about 1,000 tons, and the highest price realised in Swansea about
£18 per ton. In 1846 the Customs returns gave 503 tons of ore as exported from this
mine. Work was stopped by the discovery of the Victorian goldfields in 1851 with-
drawing all the miners. (See under “GoLD.”) The mine has been taken up for
working, and operations have been carried on with some vigor. -
Moolooloo Mine.--Situated 28 miles N.N.E. from the Blinman. This discovery
was tested by a company, but the ores were not sufficiently rich to pay expenses of
cartage to smelting works, 30 miles distant. Reports mention that on the hill is
a “boil” capped with iron and manganese, showing good ore in several places.
Worked from 1860 to 1869, but very little work was done. Working has recently
been resumed, and the six months’ return to end of 1898 shows that a ton and half
of ore yielded 7cwts, of copper, which was sold at 10s. per unit. Two shafts are down
ëach 25ft. - -
Moolooloo Mine South.-Locality the same, and description similar to that
of the Moolooloo Mine proper. Operations conducted from 1860 to 1869.
Moonta Mine.--Discovered in 1861. It is situated on Yorke Peninsula, on
the eastern shores of Spencer Gulf, and the property comprises 2,673 acres of land
leased from the Crown. There are five main lodes on the property, and from each of
these various spurs and minor lodes branch out, and are connected with the main
lode by occasional cross veins. Including these there are 27 lodes. Their direction
is N.W., and their underlie varies from 3ft. to 6ft. in the fathom. The main lode
bears N. 20° E., and the others vary from that to N. 45° F. The width ranges from
6in. to 20ft., and the ore obtained from the main lodes in the present workings is
chiefly chalcopyrite and occasionally bornite. The bulk of the veinstone—chiefly
quartz and at times portion of the bedrock—as raised ore and “gangue’” gives from
2 to 5 per cent of copper, but sometimes clean chalcopyrite gives 20 to 30 per cent.,
and bornite from 30 to 50 per cent. The country rock is feldsite porphyry, orthoclase
porphyry, a special variety. The quantity of ore raised from the mine from the com-
mencement to the 30th June, 1886, equalled (in gross tons of 21 cwt.), 476,180 tons,
and the average percentage of copper on net dry weight of dressed ore equalled 20
per cent, and the total value in the colony."of this ore amounted to £4,579,097.
Seventy-seven shafts have been sunk, including 21 trial shafts. The shafts are
vertical for a short distance, then mostly follow the dip of the lode. The deepest shaft
is 287 fathoms (1,722ft.), and the levels measure, approximately, 293 miles—(1889).
The aggregate length for thoroughfares, including drives, winzes, and shafts, is about
42 miles. The water level was reached at about five fathoms. The deposits of
copper ore are chiefly along the lead of the lodes associated with “gangue,” the
present supplies being mostly chalcopyrite and occasionally bornite. An exceedingly
small proportion of green carbonate ore was formerly found close to the surface; but
a large proportion of the green ore was atacamite, and this was generally met with
below the other. Sometimes red oxide was found with the atacamite. The yield
varies from half a ton to eight tons per fathom. The peculiarity of this cupriferous
district was disclosed by the removal of these ores and the sinking of the shafts—
namely, that although the lodes continued regular, no further ore was met with, and,
as a rule no stain of copper was seen until the depth of from five to 10 fathoms was
reached, when rich oxide and malleable copper deposits were struck, and after that
black and grey sulphides. These deposits, however were chiefly worked out in past
times, Chalcopyrite occurred at an average depth of about 20 fathoms, and this, with
occasional deposits of bornite, has held down either in large or small proportions to
the present deepest point of operations. This mine at one time employed upwards of

32 MINING RECORDS.
1,600 men and boys, and still keeps a very large number (1,138) at work. Copper
ore raised during four months ending December 31st, 1889, 5,759 tons; assumed to
be the average rate of output. This mine was amalgamated with the Wallaroo Mine
in 1890. The latest information published gives the acreage held as 2,691, and states
that on Elder's lode Taylor's shaft is now down 2,340ft., and that the lode there is
20ft. wide, but not rich. The deepest shaft on Beddome's lode is now 1,600ft., and
rich oxide is met with, giving from 20 per cent. to 70 per cent, fine copper. On
Hogg's lode sinking is being carried on below the 1,440ft. level. On Green's lode
they are down to 1,440ft., and the lode at that depth is not so productive as formerly.
On Fergusson's lode the depth reached is 1,500ft. The ores have to be dressed for
the smelters, the bulk broken not averaging more than 3 per cent. for copper; and
the ground is hard to work. . The total value of ore raised to end of 1898 was
£5,113,252; wages paid, £3,945,252; and dividends distributed, £1,168,000. In
the amalgamated mines more than 1,800 persons are employed. -
Moonta Consols.—This was the title of a prospecting company that made an
attempt on the eastern side of the Moonta Mine to discover some of the lodes; a
little costeaning was done, but the adventurers were unsuccessful.
Mooroo Mine.—Situated a few miles to the west of Prism Hill, and about
25 miles north from Mount Chambers. The indication leading to the discovery of
this mine was a hill stained with copper from top to bottom, but the only work
done was the sinking of two shafts to the depth of six and eight fathoms respectively.
About 20 tons of ore were raised, but the water coming in strongly, and no promising
lode being found, operations were discontinued. (Austin, 1863.) r
Moorowie Copper Mine. —Situated on the Arrowie sheep run, on an
eastern flank of the Flinders Range, about 100 miles from the Hawker Railway
Station. The Inspector of Mines reported (September, 1889)—An outcrop, run-
ning N.E., with an underlie to the N.W., has been opened upon in several places,
and small bunches of good copper ore are found distributed irregularly in a ferro-
calcareous formation. A shaft has been sunk 100ft, on the lode, which varies from
3ft. to 4ft. in thickness. The ore is of excellent quality, the company’s assays have
ranged up to 79 per cent., and the Government Assayer's return on samples tried
reached as high as 64 per cent. Cartage to railway, £3 per ton. -
Mottram Bros.” Mineral Lease.—Locality, about three and a half miles
east from Leslie's Well, Mount Lyndhurst. Deepest shaft, 30ft. ; opencut costeans
and drives; 24 tons raised, average produce 16 per cent. The Inspector reported
(May, 1892) that shallow pits had been sunk and copper ore sent away; 6 tons
yielded 25% per cent. fine copper, and 5 tons 30+ per cent. The property was, in his
opinion, well worth developing.
Mount Barker Special Survey.—It was reported that several parallel
lodes existed on section 31, near Kanmantoo, which carried red oxide of copper; but
no late information has been received. - - - . . -
Mount Bold.—East of Clarendon, hundred of Noarlunga. The Inspector of
Mines describes this mine as being on Crown lands, the area held being 160 acres.
A shaft has been sunk 145ft. At 60ft. depth a fair lode was exposed with an east
and west course and southern underlie. On the hanging wall there is a branch of
fair-grade yellow and peacock copper ore, and the lode will yield about a ton per
fathom of ore dressing up to 20 per cent. Assays for silver gave 220zs. per ton.
The surrounding country is clay slate. There is a large extent of copper-bearing
ground, and there is plenty of water available for dressing machinery. Even at the
present (1889) low price of copper, he was of opinion that the mine might be worked
to give a margin of profit. In June, 1894, the mine was being worked on tribute, and
it was stated that some good peacock ore had been taken out, and that the lode gave
a ton of ore per fathom, dressing up to 20 per cent, for fine copper, the assay showing
also 220zs. of silver per ton. - - : - . . . . . . .
COPPER. 33
Mount Burr Mine.—This mine is situated 14 miles north from Patsey's
Springs and 56 miles north from the Blinman. The rock of which the mount is com-
posed, and mainly also the spur on which lies the mine, is a coarse quartz grit, silicified
and concretionary in places. It therefore assumes an appearance similar to that of the
cupriferous outcrop of the Ooraldana mine. Shallow shafts have been opened on the
spur, and the ore, according to specimens lying about, consists of earthy-green car-
bonate, with some chloride, and occasionally blackish grey, and, more rarely, red oxide
of copper, associated more or less with brown hematite. The main ore-bearing part
of the mine lies close along the boundary of the quartz grit and calcareous slate.
This slate is also ferruginous and concretionary in part, and strikes E. 35° N., and
dips N. 35° W. at 40° to 50°. The principal workings consist of a tunnel about four
chains in length, starting from a small gully. In this tunnel are exposed, inter-
stratified with the slate beds, brown iron ore, richly and intimately impregnated with
grey oxide and green carbonate of copper. This lies in thin layers, the thickest of
which is not more than 3in. The walls, which are rather soft, contain green carbonate,
mixed with chloride of copper; they also show glistening crystalline particles and
thin veins of selenite. Further in, where the tunnel takes a strong bend to the south-
ward, is to be found on the face a large pocket of ochreous brown iron ore. (Ulrich,
1872.)
Mount Chambers Mine.—Situated six miles south from the hill of that
name and 32 miles east from the Blinnan. The surface of the ground is covered with
boulders of primitive limestone. Several large blocks of malachite were found in a
clear space, running north and south between the boulders, and green carbonate is
scattered about. There is no regularly defined lode, but blocks of ore were found
in three different parts of the section. The country is moderately hard pipeclay.
Several shafts were sunk in search of a lode, but without success. (Austin, 1863.)
Mount Coffin Mine.—Distant seven miles easterly from Leigh's Creek and
about a mile S.E. of the Mount Coffin Trig., on the side of a steep hill. The lode
runs almost east and west, and carries a small but rich quantity of ore composed of
chalcocite, malachite, and atacamite in a much-jointed slate. The dip is S. 10° W.
65° to 70°. Two or three small shafts have been put down and an incline drive fol.
lowing down the shaft alongside the lode. The lode is traceable for about two miles
on the surface, and the underlie is about 2ft. in 6ft. to the south. About 78 tons of
ore have been raised, but it is very dredgy, and requires machinery to dress it. The
mine stopped working in 1883. (See GoLD.)
Mount Craig.—This mine is 16 miles east from Wonoka. A great deal of work
was done here, but no important results followed. (Austin, 1863.)
Mount Deception.—Between Beltana and Wirtaweena mines six mineral
sections were taken up for mining purposes. They yielded some fine specimens and
nothing more. (Held between 1860-9.)
Mount Desire.—In the neighborhood of this hill, which is situated about 13
miles S.E. of Mernmerna, on the Great Northern Railway, two mineral claims were
taken out. They were west of the mount, at distances of three and eight miles
respectively. Very little work was done upon them, though the mineral indications
were considered good. (Date of prospecting, 1860-9.)
Mount Elkington Mine.—Situated six miles west from the Blinman. The
prospectors, in 1860, took up three sections, finding in two of them a well-defined
lode. Held up to 1869.
Mount Emily Mine.—Situate 11 miles due south from the Blinnan and five
miles from the mount itself. It is near the top of a small conical hill. The work is
represented by a small excavation opened in a calcareous, mullocky shale, which is
Permeated by green carbonate and chloride, and contains scattered specks and small
C
34 MINING RECORDS.
seams of grey oxide of copper. There are also present irregular roundish lumps of
crystalline limestone, which, on being broken, show copper coloration throughout.
Resting on this deposit, and forming the top of the hill, is an impure limestone,
which apparently dips at an angle of 50° or 60° northward. The cupriferous shale
seems to form an interstratified layer between limestone deposits. A bold outcrop of
quartz commences about 10 chains N.E. from the excavation, striking N. 20° E., and
dips nearly vertically. Copper stains and coatings show here and there; but the
principal ore enclosed is galena in thickly scattered specks, small patches, and
occasionally in veins. Two other outcrops are close at hand, but neither of them
show copper stains or lead-ore impregnation. The country between these reefs
consists of indurated calcareous shales and slates, with interstratified bands of hard
limestone; the strike is nearly east and west, dip N. at 50° to 60°. These rocks,
judging from fragments scattered on the surface, seem to be traversed in the vicinity
of the mine by small dykes of diorite greenstone; and about a mile southward, on
the slope of a range, is a massive outcrop of the same rock. This should receive the
attention of the prospector, for the reason that in Victoria dykes of this rock are
traversed by auriferous quartz veins. Some of the richest mines in that colony are
working on similar dykes. (Ulrich, 1872.)
Mount Euro Mine.—Situated amongst high and rugged hills, 28 miles N.E.
from the Blinnan. A heavy reef of quartz and ironstone carries strong green and
blue stains of copper, with occasional small pieces of ore; and in one place some
ood specimens of grey oxide were found. No work has been done on this section.
(Austin, 1863.) -
Mount Fitton Mine. — Situated 16 miles N.E. from Mount Freeling Police
Station. Area, 320 acres. There is a large outcrop of limestone intermixed with
arenaceous sandstone, iron, and nodules of copper, galena, and impure cerusite. It
has a strike 20° N. of W., and is about 15ft. wide. The Inspector (1890) reported
a shaft 40ft. deep in the lode, and a drive to cut the footwall. Sampling from the
lode gave good returns of silver and lead. Further sinking and testing were recom-
mended. In December, 1897, it was stated by the owners that one shaft had
been sunk to a depth of 100ft. (timbered), which cut through the lode at about 30ft.
Ore from this lode assayed in 10 samples over 300Zs, silver per ton and 50 per cent,
of lead, whilst a copper vein assayed 220zs. silver per ton and 32 per cent. copper.
There is an outcrop of yellowish ore carrying carbonates and grey copper ore.
Mount Fitton Copper and Silver Mining Syndicate.—Locality
of claims, about 60 miles east from Farina and within 10 miles of Innamincka mail
track. The property was being worked in 1890, and it was alleged that a lode fully
17ft. wide runs through the claims. A ton of ore taken from a crosscut of the out-
crop returned 20 per cent. of copper and 26ozs. of silver. These particulars were
supplied by Mr. R. Taylor, hon. sec.
Mount Fitton Consolidated.—This is the name of a syndicate formed
recently to work a mineral claim adjoining Harrison's Claim, Mount Fitton, in which
a highly productive lode exists, said to give 50 per cent, copper ore. - .
Mount Fitton South. —Situate 23 miles south from Billy's Springs, and
within 20 miles of the proposed Queensland Railway. Mr. Harrison, prospector,
reported to the Mining Department (September, 1898) that he and his mate had
struck, at a depth of 47ft., a solid body of copper ore in a lode 4ft. wide. Four small
parcels had been sent away (cost of carriage to Port Adelaide, £9 1s. 6d. per ton),
averaging 48.1% per cent. pure copper. Other parcels sent for treatment by the
E. & A. Copper Co.—over 11 tons gave 52% per cent. copper, and about 7 tons gave
42 per cent. The prospectors state that they have a large body of ore, but the great
cost of transport retards development of the mine. The Government Geologist in
February, 1899, reported that there is a wide lode formation which has been worked
to a depth of 56ft., and a shaft was sunk 150ft., when, from some unknown reason,
COPPER. r - 35
work ceased; so that for the want of 10ft. to 15ft. of driving the lode remains
unproved, though the favorable character of the lode at the 50ft, workings would
lead to the expectation of improvement at depth. - -
Mount Griffiths Mine.—This venture adjoins the western boundary of the
Fifth Creek Central, and a large amount of work has been done; but the Inspector
of Mines is of opinion that there is no prospect worth following, although in one gully
near a boundary a fair quantity of carbonate of copper has been opened up. Still the
property is in a mineralised belt of country, and a drive to intersect the Central lode
at 500ft, would fully prove it. (1889.) -
Mount Gunson Copper Mine.—Situated about 90 miles N.W. from Port
Augusta, and one mile west from Pernatty Lagoon. There are two lodes, bearing N.E.
and S.W., and ranging from 6ft. to 18ft. in width. The ore consists of green and
blue carbonates and grey ore, containing about 26 per cent. of metal. The work
done includes five shafts from 10ft. to 25ft. deep and surface prospecting; and about
40 tons of ore, averaging 20 per cent. copper, has been raised, besides 200 tons low-
class ore suitable for concentrating. This mine has been worked by a small syndicate,
but operations were suspended because of the expense of cartage and scarcity of
good water. The ore has been raised from an almost horizontal deposit, varying from
Ift. to 3ft. thick. Some of the ore by assay gave 1802s, silver. The veinstone asso-
ciated with the metallic mineral is quartz, and the country rock is sandstone and slate.
The mine was discovered about the year 1875.
Mount Hermming Mine.—Ten miles S.E. from Beltana township, and 16 -
miles N.W. from the Blinnan. A shaft 38ft. deep was sunk, disclosing a good lode
at bottom. (Period held, 1860-9.)
Mount Howden. —Locality, Bimbowrie. It is reported that this mine has
been worked during the last two years with successful results.
Mount Lily Mining Company.—A property on which in 1865 ten men
were employed, and cobalt as well as copper was obtained,
Mount Liverpool Mine.—Situated about 26 miles to the north of Port
Lincoln. According to Mr. Austin, some good ore was raised from it at different
times, but owing to the hardness of the ground work has been long discontinued.
Mount Lyndhurst Mine.—Situated 23 miles S.E. from Farina. Workings
represented by three small batches of holes on two low east and west ranges that
closely adjoin. The stuff exposed in each of these workings consists of soft, shaly
mullock, traversed by thin seams of quartz thickly impregnated and coated with
chloride and silicate of copper. Solid small nodular masses of these ores are rare,
but in the two excavations near the top of the range there occurs a calcareous gossan
which encloses occasional specks of grey oxide of copper. The second batch of
workings lies in the same range, about 10 chains further east, and consists of two
shafts about 100ft. apart. The deepest of these is about 20ſt., and the two are con-
nected by a drive. The ore deposits here are of the same character as those in the
first batch. Judging from some specimens left near the shafts the ore has been ef
pretty good quality. The third batch of workings is situated on the northern slope
of the opposite low range, about 10 chains southwards of the place just noticed.
There are a number of shallow shafts, and one about 40ft. deep is sunk on what
appears to be a regular gossan lode 1ſt. or 2ft. thick. This is combined with a quartz
reef which crosses the country at a strike of W. 10° N., dipping southerly at 45° to
50°, and which can be traced from this point further eastward for nine or 10 chains
along the slope of the range. The gossan contains veins and patches of very good
ore, composed of dense grey oxide, intimately impregnated with chloride of copper.
Portions consisting of a hard siliceous brown iron ore enclose occasionally large and
small particles of red oxide and specks of native copper. There are three parallel

36 MINING RECORDS.
quartz reefs which occupy conjointly a width of 40ft. to 50ft., and extend for four or
five chains in length at a strike nearly east and west, with apparently a steep southerly
dip. The quartz is full of patches, and is traversed by veins of brown iron ore, but
shows no copper indications. As regards the country traversed by the cupriferous
gossan veins and quartz reefs, it consists of white and grey, much jointed, feldspathic-
looking slates, alternating with slaty, more or less ferruginous sandstone. Mean
strike E. 5° N. ; dip N. 5° W., at 33° to 35°. Considering the character of the
copper ore, and that it occurs in gossan veins connected with well-defined quartz
reefs, which are true lodes, the last-mentioned place presents encouraging prospects.
Prospecting for gold in the alluvial drift of the gully and on the surface of some of
the slopes of the adjoining ranges, would be advisable, as the country does not look
unlikely for this metal. (Ulrich, 1872.) (See CLARK’s.)
Mount Lyndhurst Mine, No. 2.-Lies about seven miles west from Mount
Lyndhurst No. 1, on the top of a steep hill that rises about 120ft. above the adjacent
gully. The copper ore occurs here in a number of closely adjoining gossan and
quartz veins, which vary in thickness from 1 ft. to 8ft. These cross light bluish
flaggy, more or less concretionary, arenaceous slates at a strike of N. 45° E., and dip
N.W. at 40° to 45°. In the walls of these veins and in the less regular hanging
walls there seem occasionally to occur pockets and irregular veins of brown iron ore
and grey oxide, intimately impregnated with chloride and carbonate of copper. The
ore, as seen in the heaps on the ground, is of rather poor quality, consisting of a
breccia-like mixture of concretionary gossan and quartz, impregnated with chloride,
carbonate, and grey oxide of copper. The country lying between these two mines
(Mount Lyndhurst, Nos. 1 and 2), and for several miles northwards, presents quite
an auriferous aspect, and well deserves to be prospected for gold. (Ulrich, 1872.)
Mount Lyell Mine (Turnerton). —Situate three and a half miles north
from Leslie's Well. Area, 80 acres. The Inspector of Mines reported (1895) very
little development or permanent work. An open cutting, 20ft. wide and 14ft deep,
had been made along the strike of a large mullocky lode containing irregular
deposits of rich copper ore ; strike, W. 45° N.; dip, 45°. Several shafts sunk in
the bottom of the cutting, the deepest 35ft. The ore gave an average of 253
per cent, copper.
Mount Mary Copper Mine.—Situation, Parachilna Pass. The Inspector
of Mines states that there is a N.E. and S.W. copper lode on section No. 11,618,
into which several openings have been made, and a branch of high-class ore exposed.
No. 11,666 has been prospected by a shaft and shallow tunnel. . On No. 1 1,619 a
tunnel driven 90ft. into a hill has cut a big lode, coursing N.N.E. On this a shallow
shaft has been sunk; several openings on the surface have revealed excellent pros-
pects. An open cutting above these workings exposes a fine lode of copper of
excellent grade. Hand picking can raise the average value of the ores to fully 35
per cent. Good supply of water and wood. The assays returned—(1), 41 per cent.
of copper; (2), 38; (3), 35% and 4dwts. 17grs, gold per ton; and (4), 36 per cent.
and 4dwts, 12grs. of gold. (1889). - - -
Mount Mulga Mine.—Situated near Boolcoomata Station. The Government
Geologist reported (December, 1896) an examination, stating that there was an
extensive outcrop of baryta, extending N.W. and S.E. some 60 chains, and from
50ft. to 100ft. wide in places. It splits into veins at the ends, running through
micaceous and quartzose granitic rock, with hornblendic and micaceous schist. A
shaft has been sunk on this outcrop, vertical for 15ft, or 20ft., and then underlying
to the N.E. The baryta in this shaft has copper pyrites and green carbonate dis-
seminated through it to the width of 4ft. or 5ft. in places. Six of the assays returned
traces of gold and copper, and one sample gave 6dwts. of gold and 8dwts, of silver
to the ton with 19.4 per cent, of copper. The indications warrant driving on the
copper-bearing portions of the lode, and following it down to determine its character
more thoroughly. - . - • ,
COPPER. 37
-|
Mount Nor’-West.—A copper mine, E.N.E. of Kingston's Well, has been
worked by means of some shallow shafts, but the indications are slight. Green car-
bonate of copper occurs in the joints of a quartzite band, striking N.W. through
calcareous and clay slates. (1888.) It was reported in 1896 by Captain Thomas
Matthews that malleable copper had been discovered on the property, and that very
rich grey and carbonate ore had been found on the surface. The ore carried a very
high percentage of copper. :
Mount Perseverance (Megaw’s Claims).-Situated four miles N.N.W.
from Olary Railway Station; area 80 acres. A large lode of quartz and ironstone
traverses this property, dipping to the east, enclosed in micaceous schists. The
Inspector of Mines reported a shaft sunk 20ft. on the hanging wall of the lode, and
north of that several pits excavated. Assayed sample gave neither gold or silver,
though it was alleged that silver had been got. From a vein parallel to the main
lode copper had been mined, yielding 18 per cent. of copper. Claim worth prospect-
ing for gold. - -
Mount Remarkable Mine.—Copper ore was found here about the year
1846-7. It was of fair quality, and some samples of it, together with a mineral
supposed to be emery, were sent to England. The lode was small and “pinched,”
and the ground very hard. Nothing worth the name of mining was done, and the
claim was abandoned. The mine is 175 miles distant from Adelaide. (Austin, 1863).
Mount Rose Mine.—This is situated about 56 miles N.N.E. from the Blinnan,
and two miles north of Mount Rose, at the foot of a high spur. One main shaft and
several smaller ones have been sunk to a depth of 10 to 13 fathoms. Apparently the
copper ore occurs in two or three short pipe veins running close together or inter-
secting each other, and dipping, as a body, steeply westward or nearly vertical. The
surface outcrops of these veins seem to have consisted of large masses of gossan,
more or less thickly impregnated with malachite, and occasionally azurite. Of the
ore occuring in depth, a lot left near the main shaft indicates it to be an irregular
dense mixture of iron pyrites, copper pyrites, and impure copper glance, but the iron
pyrites predominates. A soft micaceous slaty shale appears to form the veinstone in
depth. The country in which the veins occur is composed of massive beds of
yellowish-grey arenaceous banded slates and slaty sandstones, which alternate with
thin bands of dense crystalline limestone and calcareous shale and sandstone. The
strike and dip of these rocks is indistinct close to the mine, whilst further off great
differences in strike and dip indicate a strong curve, or perhaps some disturbance in
the beds. Considering the nature of the ore and the relation of the veins to the
country, there is a good chance of the veins continuing in depth. There is, however,
one cause for apprehension, namely, that the iron pyrites, which is already very
abundant, might still more increase in depth, and thereby cause a serious deteriora-
tion in the quality of the ore. (Ulrich, 1872.) - -
Mr. E. F. Cooke, of the E. and A. Copper Company, kindly furnishes the follow-
ing information from his recollection of the mine:— - -
No regular lode, I believe, was discovered, although large quantities of grey sulphurets and black
oxides were raised, and sent down for smelting at Port Adelaide. This ore was of a very high per-
centage, the solid being sold at from 45 per cent, to 52 per cent, and the dredgy stuff averaging
from 32 per cent. to 35 per cent. The ore was discovered in patches, interspersed throughout with
what appeared to be sedimentary ground. Two shafts have been sunk, the deepest being 33 fathoms.
and drives have been put out in all directions, extending about 25 fathoms in an east and west
direction, and about 15 fathoms in a north and south direction. The greater part of the ground has
been taken away to the 23-fathom level. In sinking between the 23 and 33 level some solid leaders
of mundic were cut through, and in a drive from the bottom of the 33 two leaders of the same
mineral with traces of black ore were found, and at the end of the drive what appeared to be a solid
lode. On picking into this it let down such a quantity of water that the engine was unable to cope
with the influx, and the mine was shortly afterwards abandoned. (1886.)
Mount Rose North-This is a prospect on an adjoining section, exhibiting
similar characteristics. - -

38 MINING RECORDS.
Mount Rugged, or Patawarta.-Situated nine miles N.N.E. from the
Blinnan. This claim contains several lodes, having backs of ironstone protruding
above the surface, and showing green carbonate of copper and yellow ore. In addi-
tion to good specimens of ore, bismuth of a high percentage has been found here.
(Austin, 1863).
Mount Stuart Mine.—Situated 18 miles N.N.E. from the Blinman. In a
mass of rock running across a gully, containing stains of copper and a good vein of
ore, two shafts were sunk near the rocks, one on each side of the gully. There was
some ore extracted, and blue and green carbonates, but the general aspects were not
favorable for continuance of operations. One of the shafts was sunk to a depth of
10 fathoms. (Austin, 1863.)
Mountain of Light.—Situate S.E. from Leigh's Creek two and a half miles.
A report, dated October 8th, 1898, spoke very encouragingly of the prospects.
The Government Geologist saw the property in January, 1899, and observed a large
formation containing kaolin, grit, and sandstone, associated with iron oxide and
copper ore in patches, but with no indication of a defined lode. Strike west, dip
south.
In a locality near to this a new discovery was pointed out, where was visibie
copper-stained sandstone and grit, with copper carbonate and grey ore of a fair per-
centage.
Muldana, Mine.—Situate N.W. of Wirrawilka Mine, and about 15 or 16
miles east of Wonoka. It is said that a large lode runs through these sections, north
and south, containing iron, green carbonates, and yellow and grey sulphurets of
copper. There is no record of work done during its history—1860-9.
Mules' Yard Mine.—County of Burra; lies near Stony Gap. This was a
venture which has long been abandoned. -
Murninnie.—This property was held by the Bismuth and Copper Mining and
Patent Smelting Company. It was reported in July, 1866, that the mine contained
a large quantity of plumbago, which could be profitably worked on a realised price of
£10 per ton. The lode in the south adit was stated to be from 6ft. to 8ft. wide.
Mutooroo Copper Mine.—Situated about 14 miles S.W. of Cockburn Rail-
way Station. The property comprises a total area of 320 acres. The Inspector of
Mines says the ore appears to be making in lenticular deposits, some being of great
extent. Large masses of intrusive rocks are frequent, the point of contact being
marked by ore of high grade. The surface over three lodes has been opened, and
oxidised copper ores of nearly every description are found, including atacamite,
azurite, malachite, chrysacolla, and cuprite. In depth the ores change to chalco-
pyrite, erubescite, and chalocite. At a depth of 140ft. in Hamlyn's shaft yellow ore
intimately associated with iron pyrites is found. There has been a considerable quan-
tity of work done, and the property has been proved at the western end three-quarters
of a mile from the northern workings. The quantity of ore in sight and on the sur-
face awaiting concentration is enormous—perhaps not less than 11,000 tons. The
ore can be dressed up to 35 to 40 per cent, and with copper at £50 the mine could
profitably employ a large number of hands. At a later period (1890) he again ex-
amined the property, when a drive had been put in at the 200ft. level, where the
indications led to the expression of his opinion that with further driving and sinking
a higher grade ore would be met with. The lode was settled and size unknown, but
a width of 7ft. was exposed and no hanging wall in sight. The stopes in the upper
levels in the north end were looking exceedingly rich, and in one place would yield
15 tons of 40 per cent, ore per fathom. The low-grade ore would average throughout
12 per cent., but at present no ore under 30 per cent. is sent away from the mine.
There is an extensive mineral belt in the locality, and one that will permit of perma-
ment mining. . -
COPPER. 39
Captain Tregoweth, the mine manager, furnished the following particulars in
1890 :-
The area held is a mineral lease of 320 acres, and so far as developed there are three lodes; strike
N.N.E., with underlie generally 75° W.N.W.; width 3ft. to 20ft. Deepest shafts 227ft., 210ft.,
200ft., and several others; three vertical and three following the dip of the lode. Drives north and
south on course of lodes, 850ft., ; crosscuts east and west, 330ft. Matrix of ore, black and brown oxide
of iron, decomposed diorite and talcose rock, with iron pyrites; country, clay slate and micaceous
sandstone, with intrusive dykes of diorite; and the ores consist of various rich oxides, grey ore, green
and other carbonates, and native copper; output 60 tons per month. The directors have not made a
call upon the shareholders since the formation of the company, but have paid over £12,000 in divi-
dends, and, though hindered by the low price of copper recently, have done a great deal of exploratory
work, and are now doing more than paying working expenses.
During the last three and a half years 2,517 tons of ore has been extracted,
averaging 6-58 per cent. -
Nackara Mine.—This consists of some shallow workings, three and a half
miles from Paratoo Railway Station. Specimens procured showed red oxide and
grey and green ores. Two shafts were sunk to a depth respectively of 12 and 6
- fathoms. The lode was said to be 2ft. wide. (1867.)
Nairne.—A copper mine was opened in this locality, but the workings were not
continued.
Nalyappa (Wilkawat).-Situate a little south of Moonta Mine. This min-
ing adventure was undertaken early in the history of mining on Yorke Peninsula, in the
hope that the Moonta and Hamley lodes might be met with outside the south-western
boundaries of these properties. A great deal of money was spent, and though some
of the anticipations formed were realised the result did not induce the adventurers to
continue their outlay. The mine has not been worked now for a number of years.
Napoleon Mine.—Situated in the neighborhood of Mount Craig, 79 miles
from Port Augusta. About 15 tons of ore were taken from this mine, but it has not
been worked of late years. The veinstone consists of carbonate of lime and feldspar
containing a few specks of ore. (1867.)
Neate’s Copper Mine.—The Inspector of Mines reports as follows:—This
mine is situated three and a half miles N.E. from Caltowie, on an outcrop of meta-
morphic rock. Green carbonates can be traced along the surface for a considerable
distance, and on this line several costeaning pits have been sunk. At the east end of
the claim there is some ironstone which may be the back of a lode, and at the north
end in each pit there is a fine show of carbonate of copper. Samples assayed 26;
and 18 per cent, respectively. The lodes, which are in soft ground, might be deve-
loped very cheaply, and are worth testing. -
Newopie Mine.—Situate in the neighborhood of Wooltana. It has a copper
lode 18in. wide, containing green carbonates, red oxides, and grey ore. (Austin,
1863.) Very little work done.
Nevada Copper Workings.-Locality, two miles eastward from Walter's
Well, and about 12 miles E.N.E. of Mount Lyndhurst Station. The Government
Geologist reported an examination in the latter part of 1896 —No. 1, an underlie
shaft 50ft. or 60ft. deep, angle 35° to 40° S., sunk on a formation partly lode and
partly bedded, consisting of carbonate and oxide of iron, calcspar, and copper ores.
Commencing with a width of ore lin. to 2in. the formation increases as followed
down to 2ft. or 3ft., where it consists of copper pyrites, carbonate, copper glance,
and iron oxide. Merely prospecting work done up to that date; probably more
bunches of ore to be met with in following down the lode formation. Strike,
W.S.W.; dip. 35° to 40°; country rock, calcareous clay slate and limestone. No. 2
workings, situate half a mile east, consisted of an open cut in gossany ironstone,
hematite, &c.; formation 3ft, thick at bottom, and probably would yield copper ore
40 - MINING RECORDS.
*
at a greater depth. A few colors of gold visible in the gossan and ironstone. In this
neighborhood lumps of rich copper ore are found in the loamy surface soil, indicating
. . the presence of a copper lode, probably of value. Three samples of gossan and iron-
stone returned gold, respectively loz. 15dwts., 7dwts. 14grs., and 7dwts. per ton.
New Burra Burra (formerly Warrawilka).-Situated 12 miles east
of Hawker. Seven mineral licences, comprising an area of 560 acres, held by a
syndicate. A large quantity of copper has been sent away from the old workings.
Shafts have been sunk promiscuously in the highly-mineralised ground. These lodes
are composed principally of calcspar, in which are shoots of carbonate of copper,
which have been followed and picked out, so that it is (says the Inspector of Mines)
only in one or two places that there is any copper at all in sight. The ore is of fair
quality. Nos. 1, 2, and 3 shafts are all about 50ft. deep, whilst others appear to be
deeper. There are three tunnels. The ground is easily worked, and likely to con-
tain cupriferous deposits. The cost of carriage to Port Augusta is 22s. per ton.
(1889.) Properly worked, and a greater depth reached, the nine should be
remunerative. . .
New Cornwall.—(See CoRNWALL.)
New Devon.—(See DEvoN CoNsoLs.)
New Mid-Moonta.--(See MID-MoonTA.)
New Moonta.-A Yorke Peninsula prospect, situated east from Moonta
Mines. A shaft was sunk to 180ft., and a big lode with large iron boulders was
struck, but it contained very little copper.
New Paramatta.—(See PARAMATTA.)
New Reedy Creek.—(See REEDy CREEK.)
New Tipara.-On this property, situate near Moonta, a shaft was sunk by
some Moonta miners, and abandoned. They were succeeded by another party of
prospectors, who were attracted by the nature of the stuff they saw on the spoil-heap.
They sank a shaft, but found the water too “quick” for their resources. After a
second abandonment the Government sold the land for suburban allotments. -
New Yelta Copper Mining Company.—Some miners co-operated to
work this property, which is near to Moonta Mine. Results of the experiment have
not been made known, beyond the fact that capital was exhausted.
Nichol’s Nob.—Situated in the Mount Lyndhurst district, one mile east from
the Nob. A good deal of work has been done on a mine showing traces of copper. A
tunnel has been driven in calcareous feldspathic and siliceous clay, and calcareous
slates and sandstones, containing in the cracks carbonate of iron and gypsum.
Other mines are in the neighborhood. In one, three parallel lines of openings have
been put down on gossany lodes in calcareous slates and claystones. A good deal of
work has been done on this mine for a distance of 15 to 20 chains. On a third,
shafts and stopes have been put in on a gossany lode, striking N. 40° W., under-
lying to the east 70°, (1883-4.) (See GoLD.) - - - .
Nichol’s Nob Gold and Copper Miming Syndicate.—The Inspector
of Mines reported (October 7th, 1890) an examination of claim, and that a shaft
had been sunk to a depth of 21 ft. on a well-defined vein of ironstone and copper
1ft, thick. Another shaft to the south, sunk to a depth of 80ft., and some shallow
pits have all produced copper ores. A small tunnel has been driven 50ft. The veins
are enclosed in argillacedus slates. - - . . .
COPPER. 41
Nildottie Mine.—Situated 23 miles east from Blinman. On this property the
lode is not well defined. There is, however, a lode of galena which looks promising.
(Austin, 1863.) -
Nilpena Copper Mine.—Situation, near Parachilna Gap, Flinders Range,
about 10 miles from the railway station ; area 240 acres, held under Crown leases.
There are four lodes, of which only two are worked; width 10ft., and widening as
depth is reached. Two shafts have been sunk to a depth of 60ft., following the dip
of the lode. An adit 130ft, and a level 30ft. have been driven. Ore, carbonate and
grey and black oxide; assay 26% per cent.; containing rock, clay slate. The lodes
crop up at the tops of high hills. The Inspector of Mines reported that from the
latter, when he visited the mine in February, 1890, 62 per cent. ore was being raised.
The lode in the bottom is widening out, and will probably make a good-sized shoot
of ore. The mine should prove payable as development advances. -
Nitschke Mine.—Situated near to Freeling, in the hundred of Nuriootpa.
It was opened more than 30 years ago, and worked for a time, and subsequently
about the year 1869. There are numerous shafts, one of which is 200ft. deep. The
veins have a strike N. 10° E. The veinstone associated with the ore is calcareous
spar; the rocks are crystalline limestone, white marble, and talcose schist. (1886.)
Niven’s Lease, No. 681.-Situated a mile and a quarter N.E. from Leigh's
Creek. Prospecting for a lode. Slugs of copper met with assaying 20 per cent.
to 40 per cent for fine copper. Lease 595, belonging to same owner, is reported to
be yielding ore giving 1% per cent metallic copper.
Nob Copper Mine.—Situated about four and a half miles N.N.E. from the
Paratoo Railway Station. The Government Geologist reported (1895) that there were
here four or five lode outcrops containing copper; strike, north and south ; dip,
about 48° to the west; country rocks, clay slate and calcareous clay slate. They
are true lodes, and five shallow shafts are sunk on the underlie. No. 1 has a vein of
gossan and iron ore, with green carbonate of copper, varying in thickness from a few
inches to a foot, which has been sunk upon for 10ft. In No. 2 excavation, about
6ft. deep, an argillaceous gossany vein, stained with carbonate of copper, is exposed.
No. 3 sinking exhibits a gossany vein 3in. to 6in. wide, carrying oxide and sulphide
of copper of fair percentage. A rough average sample returned 34 per cent. metallic
copper, and a trace of gold. No. 4 excavation shows a well-defined vein of gossan
and ironstone, with oxide and sulphide of copper, varying in width from 3in. to
10in.; strike, north and south; dip, 40° to 45° west; has been sunk upon 18ft. or
20ft, following the underlie. No. 5 shaft shows a similar vein to that last mentioned,
containing a fair percentage of copper. Samples from these shafts returned 52% per
cent. and 40% per cent, of metallic copper on assay, together with a trace of gold;
No. 1 shaft yielded ore returning 2dwts. of gold to the ton. These small veins have
every appearance of continuing down and increasing in size. The indications war-
rant prospectors sinking to water-level and exploring by drives, the probability being
that larger deposits of copper ore will be met with. -
Nonpareil–A prospecting venture near Kadina, which struggled with limited
capital to develop a fairly good claim. Abandoned many years ago.
North-East Moonta Mining Company. — A large company was
formed under this name to prospect in the mineralised country midway between
Moonta and Kadina, and, in the course of a great deal of costeaning work, the backs
of two or three lodes were opened. In one place a shaft was sunk to a depth of
20 fathoms, and a drive was put in ; but, as the lode did not promise satisfactory
results and the water required pumping machinery, that, and other trial shafts on
some of the 20 or 30 sections held, was abandoned. -
*y
42 MINING RECORDS.
Northern Consolidated Mining Proprietary.—This company held
36 claims, each 80 acres, north of Port Augusta, including a number of partly deve-
loped mineral properties.
North Kapunda Mining Company.-Established 1846; stopped work-
ing in 1851, owing to the general collapse in South Australian mining.
North Mutooroo Copper Mining Company. — Locality, adjoining
Mutooroo Mine and near Cockburn. Six hundred and forty acres are held from
the Crown under a 99 years' lease. The company endeavored to discover a continu-
ation of the Mutooroo lodes; but, the demand for copper having been reduced, com-
paratively little work was done.
North Poona. – Situation, west of Moonta and Wallaroo tramway, near the
Poona Mine. Costeaning revealed the back of a lode, upon which a shaft was sunk
17 fathoms. Black oxide was found, but not in payable quantities. Further sinking
exposed a well-defined lode 3ft. wide, in an easy channel of ground: Lack of capital
stopped all further operations.
North Rhine Mine.—Situated about 10 miles from Angaston. Two lodes
run nearly parallel in a north and south direction, with an underlie towards the west
of about 18in. in the fathom. The ores found near the surface were green and blue
carbonates. Three shafts were sunk, the deepest being 43 fathoms, and a drive of
70 fathoms was put in. At 20 fathoms the lode was 4ft. wide, and was composed of
ore, mundic, and spar. Owing to the large proportion of mundic the lode proved
unremunerative. The mine was opened in 1849-50, and was worked till 1851; from
that date to 1859 it lay idle, but was re-worked from 1859 to 1862-3. (Austin, 1863.)
North Tungkillo Mining Company were sub-lessees of the Australian
Mining Company. After £519 had been spent on their mine, the results not being
payable, it was abandoned.
North-East Matta.--Situated near the Matta Matta, close by Kadina.
According to the report of Mr. Mitchell, lately mine manager of the Kurilla Mine,
dated June 8th, 1888, two shafts were sunk on this property to the depths respec-
tively of 60ft. and 120ft. In the latter a lode has been driven upon north 24ft., and
in the end it was 2ft. 6in, to. 3ft. wide, and contained first class black oxides and
sulphide of copper mixed with iron pyrites and quartz. He regarded the lode as a
“strong and permanent vein.”
North Wallaroo.—Situated near Kadina, north of Wallaroo Mines. Land
was taken up by a prospecting company, who enlarged the undertaking and formed
a limited liability company. They kept three miners at work for about nine months,
and then work ceased. - -
North Yelta.-Adjoining the Yelta Mine, near Moonta Mines. Worked for
some years, and believed to be now incorporated with the Yelta property.
Nuccaleema Mine.— Situated 13 miles N.W. from the Blinman. The open
workings indicate that the ore deposit is a true lode. It is in a flat curve, having
a mean strike of W. 20° N., and, crossing the steep slope of a hill of medium
height, traverses the beds of the country. The strike of these is N, 45° W., with a
N.E. dip at an angle of about 33°. The underlie of the lode and its thickness near
the surface appear to have been very irregular. The rocks near the lode, in depth,
consist of hard blackish, thick bedded, calcareous slate, but at the surface they are
yellowish-white, rather soft, and full of veins and small patches of brown iron ore
with green copper stains. The examination of the metallic and other minerals, as
seen in a large heap of ore on the dressing floor, gave the following result:-
Ochreous gossan, enclosing massive patches and druses of acicular crystals of
COPPER. 48
atacamite, generally associated with some malachite and silicate of copper, patches
of tile ore, a few small veins and patches of red oxide of copper, and still fewer
specks of native copper. Mammillary brown iron ore and calcite appear frequently
in irregular cavities. From below the water level, massive, coarsely crystalline,
spathic iron, full of specks, patches, and seams of copper pyrites, associated with a
little iron pyrites, quartz, crystalline, and in veins, occasionally white calcite, imper-
fectly crystallised, in druse cavities. (Ulrich, 1872.) A great deal of work was
done on this mine, but it was ultimately abandoned, and remained unworked for
many years. A newspaper report in March, 1898, indicated that the old mine had
again been taken up by a party of miners for fossicking purposes, and that they
were getting fair returns. -
Oladdie (Exeter) Mine.—Situated in the hundred of Eurelia. The claim
was taken out on account of good surface indications, but the prospect was never
developed. (Date of holding, 1860-9.)
Oladdie Mine.—Situated on an educational lease about 10 miles from Orroroo,
in the Bendleby Ranges; favorable for carrying mineral lodes. Describing this
venture as seen on a recent visit, the Mine Inspector states that there are several
outcrops of lodes crossing each other obliquely, and on the surface can be seen specks
of copper distributed through the limestone capping. A tunnel has been driven
apparently on the hanging-wall of a large formation, about 2 per cent. of which is
copper. A picked sample selected by the inspector gave 123 per cent. of copper and
1dwt. of gold per ton. The prospect suggests further development, and the district
as a whole is worthy of attention. (1889.)
Oladdie Station.—Locality, section No. 91. Jointed argillaceous sandstone,
copper stained. Not likely to lead to the discovery of payable copper.
Oladdie, Section 45, Hundred of.-Locality, south from Colliny Spring.
There are north and south veins of limestone, spathic iron, quartz and iron oxide at
intervals, showing a little carbonate of copper; rocks, calcareous slates and
limestone. No indication of a defined lode or formation. A picked sample gave
8 per cent. copper. It is unlikely that anything more than small pockets of ore will
be found. (Government Geologist, February, 1899.) -
Olary Copper Mine.-Locality, seven miles N.E. from Olary Railway
Station. Area, 240 acres. The Inspector of Mines reported, October 29th, 1890,
that a vertical shaft had been sunk to a depth of 140ft, on a large quartzite lode.
At the brace there was good sulphide of copper obtained from the lode at bottom of
the shaft, and the lode at surface carries small quantities of copper. On the south-
east portion of the claim a shaft had been sunk in the lode to a depth of 60ft. Both
shafts had so much water in them that an examination at depth was not possible.
To the north of this the lode is copper stained, and a large lode of baryta outcrops
N.W. In his opinion the property was worthy a further test by sinking and driving,
with better surface appliances. -
Olary Copper Show.—Near to Olary. . According to a newspaper report
(Register, December 28th, 1898), a copper show has been discovered. The forma-
tion 25ft. to 30ft. wide, with an unlimited supply of ore, which will go from 10 per
cent. to 20 per cent, for copper, and also give a good percentage of gold. No
reliable information. - ... '
Old Bundaleer Copper Mine.—This was a discovery on private property
north of the old head station. -
Old Noll's Mine.—This property adjoins the Daly Mine at the south-west
corner of the section. It is on a hill of considerable elevation, and contains a fine
deposit of green carbonate and red and grey oxide of copper in a large reef of rocks
44 MINING RECORDS.
running for some distance along the top of the range. (Austin, 1863.) The Inspector
of Mines reported in 1890 that this venture adjoins the Sir Dominick on the south,
and was worked for a short time by a Ballarat company. They raised about 30 tons
of copper ore (at the time of his visit still lying on the ground). The quartzite and
country are similar to those on the Sir Dominick. The mine is in an almost inacces-
sible region. .
Old Welcome.—Locality, near Mount Jacob. A prospecting venture; deepest
shaft 20+t.
Oonartra. Mine.—Situated 17 miles N.W. from Olary Railway Station, and 500
yards north of Oonartra Creek; area, 240 acres. The Mine Inspector reported in
November. 1890, that the crown of an anticlinal formation of gneiss and granite is
covered with stains of copper and small veins; strike, 110°. At the east end of the
surface workings a pit sunk 8ft. deep showed small veins of carbonates and grey
copper dipping south. At the western end a shaft had been sunk on the underlie
4lft. into a hard quartzite stained with copper, and to the west of this a shaft had
been sunk 16ft. and a drive put in 15ft. south, and the ground had been scratched
in all directions. The property, in his opinion, deserved better treatment.
Onkaparinga Copper Mine.—This is situated on the Echunga Goldfields.
There is no indication of copper at the surface, but a well-defined quartz reef with
pyrites strikes north and south, with a dip of 30° west. It is in sandy micaceous
slate of the same dip, and underlies false-bedded micaceous sandstone and grit. This
reef was originally prospected for gold. A shaft 30ft. deep was put down alongside
the reef, and a tunnel was driven in the side of the hill to within a few feet of the
shaft, at about 20ft. from the surface. In connecting the drive with a tunnel the
present (1884) holders of the mine struck a mullocky copper lode, which makes and
leaves the reef at 18ft. from the surface, running vertically down. The minerals
contained in the lode are crystalline quartz, pyrites, chalcopyrite, native copper,
chalcocite, malachite, and azurite. Two miles eastward, on a hill, is a lode formation
with a quartz reef containing copper stains and small crystals of atacamite (1883.)
Ophir Mine.—Silver and copper were mined for in this venture, which figured
in the share list quotations in 1869. Locality unknown.
Oraldana Mine.—Situated 68 miles N.W. from the Blinman. The copper ore
occurs as an impregnation in a ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate. This covers
an area of several square chains, and from it rise two craggy, highly silicified,
irregular masses of from 8ft to 12ft. high, and standing about two and a half chains
apart. These outcrops, as well as the mass between, show abundant copper stains
and coatings in every joint and crevice. They also contain small pockets filled with
soft white arenaceous clay, through which little nodular concretions of malachite are
scantily distributed. On being broken the softer parts of the rocks show specks and
thin seams of grey oxide of copper, whilst the larger malachite nodules often contain
this ore in the centre. Very little work was done on this mine. (Ulrich, 1872.)
Oratunga Copper Mine.—Locality, 12 miles west from Blinman Mine; area,
80 acres of land leased from the Crown; carrying a lode striking north and south,
and 13ft. wide. Five shafts have been sunk, two vertical and three following the
dip of the lode, which contains green malachite and copper pyrites. In the north
portion of the mine the lode is composed of chalybeate and spathic iron and copper
pyrites. The mine was worked in former years, and it is believed large quantities of
copper could yet be obtained from it. (Captain Doble, Blinnan.)
Oratunga Mine.—This property lies on the southern slope of a low range
about 12 miles N.W. from the Blinnan Mine. The ore deposit represents a so-called
pipe vein 12ft. to 14ft. in width and from 6ft. to 8ft. thick, with well-defined walls,
dipping eastward at an angle of about 60°. Brown, much cleaved, flaggy slates
COPPER. 45
alternate with greyish-white argillaceous ores. The strike is N, 5° W., and the dip
in that direction is somewhat steeper than the slatebeds, which strike N. 40° E., and
show a N.W. dip of 15° to 20°. At the outcrop the ore consists of an ochreous
gossan, full of small patches, irregular veins, and fine druses of acicular crystals of
malachite. There are occasionally similar druses of aragonite associated with it. In
depth the ore changes to coarsely crystalline chalybite (carbonate of iron) full of small
patches and seams of copper pyrites, and generally associated with quartz. The
stoppage of the mine is said to have been caused by the deposit being faulted in
depth by a slide, and that the search for it became too expensive. (Ulrich, 1872.)
This slide was met with at a depth of 12 or 13 fathoms, and a floor came in having a
slope of about 25°. This was followed down until the work was stopped by water.
| The depths of the shafts ranged from six to 15 fathoms. (Austin, 1863.)
Orient.—(See CUMBERLAND.)
Overland Corner.—A copper mine was opened in this locality many years
ago, but nothing payable was found. (1867.) -
Parabarana Hill.—Claims Nos. 421 and 422 are situated south of Paralana
Head Station. The ore raised was reported to be worth 29% per cent. for metallic
copper.
Parabarana Mine.—Situated at Parabarana Creek, 84 miles east of Farina,
and about two miles S.E. of Parabarana Hill. It has three distinct lodes, two run-
ning north and south and one east and west. Two pits have been sunk, and in each
blue and green carbonates have been found. This mine has been worked recently,
and a shaft is down to about 200ft. It is now stated that there are seven distinct
lodes, and that a large quantity of ore fit for concentration is accessible. It is alleged
also that gold to a high assay has been found in the ores, Mr. Cullingworth (1899)
states that the copper value of the ore is from 10 per cent, to 12 per cent., and that
a good body of ore is in a 3ft. lode at bottom of the deepest shaft, carrying on an
average 8 per cent. to 10 per cent, for copper.
Parachilna Gap.–There was an early discovery of copper in a place one and
a half miles inside the Parachilna Gap, and 16 miles S.W. of Blinman. It is said
that there is a good copper lode 6ft. wide, with well-defined walls, yielding 35 per
cent. of metallic copper. It was examined specially in 1872 with a view to resume
working. It is alleged that the lode contains oxide of copper and yellow sulphurets.
Paramatta Mine.—This mine, situated a little north of Moonta, was worked
for many years, with a fair yield; but the country became so hard and working so
difficult and expensive, as compared with results obtained, that operations were sus-
pended, and the mine has not been worked now for some years. The deepest shaft
was 500ft. It is said that this mine, together with the Wheal Hughes and Wheal
James, have been acquired by a company, and will be worked as one property.
Para Mine.—Situate 25 miles N.E. by N. from Adelaide. The indications
were good, but work was suspended, as in many other instances, in 1851.
Parara Mine.—This was a working near Ardrossan, on Yorke Peninsula, where
the surface indications were very promising. After sinking a shaft and driving for
some time the adventurers Geased working, the available capital having been ex-
hausted. - -
Paratoo Copper Mine.—This mine is described by the Inspector of Mines
as situated in a locality favorable for cupriferous lodes. Small outcrops of manganic
iron run east and west, showing copper. Picked pieces of copper ore from this
outcrop assay as much as 62 per cent, metallic copper. Two shafts sunk 70ft. are
connected by a drive. The bunches of ore are very irregular, but the sinking has
46 - MINING RECORDS.
not yet reached settled country, so the value of the mineral deposit has never been
ascertained. The sinking is easy. (1889.)
Paringa Mine.—This property is in the neighborhood of the Bremer and
Kanmantoo mines, 36 miles from Adelaide. About 900 tons of ore, it is said, were
raised by tributers, who ceased work when they came to the water-level; but the
mine has been abandoned for many years. In 1896 a syndicate was formed to work
a portion of the property for gold. (See “ SILVER-LEAD" section.)
Patawarta Mine.—(See MoUNT RUGGED.)
Peela Weela.-This was a prospecting venture on land lying to the N.E. of
the Wandilta Mine, where a show of green carbonates induced a search for a lode.
The effort was not successful. -
Penang Mine.--One of the ventures outlying from the Moonta Mines some
little distance. There was a good strong lode opened upon, containing gossan and
iron; but after a very slight search the prospectors ceased their operations.
Perry’s Claims.--Situated near Leigh's Creek. The Goldfields Warden
reported in August, 1898, that there was a large ore body from 5ft. to 6ft. wide. A
shaft sunk in it had proved the lode to the depth of 50ft., and the owners of the
claim saw no difficulty in the way of weekly forwarding a parcel of from 10 to 15
tons of copper ore dressed up to 20 per cent.
Phillips Mine.—Situated at Rapid Bay. Copper lodes were found cropping
out of the surface of the ground, consisting of grey, yellow, and peacock ores. (See
under “SILVER-LEAD.” -
Phoenix Mine.--This was a prospecting venture, situated between Wallaroo
and the Paramatta Mine. A small quantity of copper ore was raised, but the value of
the find did not encourage the prospectors.
Phoenix Mining Company—The property held was situated 60 miles
north from Adelaide, near Tothill's Gap. The company was formed in 1850,
and stopped working in 1851, when the rush for gold mining set in.
Pindelpana Mine.—Situated on the Paralana Range, west from the Yudna.
mutana Mine. The ore deposits were green carbonate and grey ore. The lode runs
nearly east and west for 70 or 80 yards, and varies in width on the surface from 2ft.
to 6ft. (Austin, 1863.) .
Poona.—This mine is situated very near to the Moonta Mine, and its discovery
was due to the exposure of a lode by the excavation of a rather deep cutting on the
Moonta and Wallaroo tramway. It was regarded as a very promising mine, and
sent away a considerable quantity of marketable ore. It was one of the very many
small mines that ceased work during the depression in the copper market in the ’70
decade. The Inspector of Mines, in his report in December, 1890, described this
mine as situated adjoining the Paramatta Mine, and the property as consisting of
240 acres. There were two shafts, one said to be 120ft. and the other 228ft. deep,
on the course of the lode. The spoil heap exhibits quartzite, felspar, and porphyry.
A sample from the heap gave 273 per cent, for copper. It is purposed to work this
property in conjunction with a number of other mines in its vicinity. (February,
1899.) - -
Poonawurta Mine.--Situated 42 miles N.E. from Adelaide. A company,
established in 1846, after spending a considerable sum of money on the property
without obtaining any satisfactory results, sold the land for £1,000, and the working
ceased.
COPPER. 47
IPort Lincoln Mine.—Situated four miles from Tumby Bay. A fair quantity
of good ore was raised from this mine at different times, but the hardness of the
ground was an obstacle to its being profitably worked. (Austin, 1863.) Several
shafts were sunk, but the influx of water was very considerable. The property com-
prises 705 acres, in nine adjoining sections, taken up by a company formed in 1861.
Its prospectus stated that 300 tons of ore averaging between 25 per cent. and 30 per
cent. had been raised by the prospectors who commenced the mine.
Preamimima Mine.-This mine is situated about six miles N.E. from Calling-
ton, and was opened in 1854. Some good ore, chiefly carbonates, was raised, but the
lode being lost, the mine was abandoned. It was re-opened for a short time about
the year 1862, and the engine shaft was sunk to a depth of 47 fathoms. Some black
ore was found, but not in paying quantities. Mundic was met with throughout the
workings, and also some muriate of copper, (Austin, 1863.) Working recently
resumed. -
Premier Copper Mine.—This mine is situated about a mile and a half from
New Luxemburg and from the Mingary and Queen Bee gold mines. A vertical shaft
has been put down, and (says the Inspector of Mines) at about 11 fathoms it reached
a very heavily-mineralised country, with thin veins of sulphides interlacing in all
directions. The indications are very favorable, and it is considered an excellent
prospect. The lode sunk upon is said to carry silver in small quantities. (1889.)
Prince Alfred Mine.—Situated 28 miles N.E. from Carrieton, on the Great
Northern Railway. The ore deposit is very interesting on account of its presenting
a fine example of the so-called bedded or layer lode, i.e., it lies both in strike
and dip between the strata—grey flaggy clayslate. The strike is variable, being N.
14° E. for 120ft., N. 9° E. for 100ft., N. 22° W. for 95ft., and N. 10° E. for about
150ft., and dips westward 45° to 50°. It has been traced for nearly 20 chains in length,
showing, as far as exposed, a thickness varying from 3ft. to above 20ft. The deposit
consists of a confused accumulation of large and small masses of clayslate connected
and traversed by veins of calcite. Through this mass malachite is thickly distributed
in seams, coatings, and irregular patches, associated with brown iron ore. Towards
and below the water-level, at about 20 fathoms, the green carbonate and brown iron
ore give way to a dense impregnation, fine veins and massive aggregations of copper
pyrites, but slightly intermixed with iron pyrites, and occasionally associated with
small particles of spathic iron and white calcite. In one place the lode is very rich,
and is taken out for nearly 20tt. in width. The distribution of the copper ore is not
uniform, but varies in richness throughout the workings. (Ulrich.) Three shafts
were sunk in different places on the property, but only one at the principal workings.
Large stopes were opened out from the surface down to about 20 fathoms. The
greatest depth of any shaft was about 40 fathoms on the underlie, and the water-
level was reached at 150ft. Drives were put in for some hundreds of feet. The
mine has not been worked since 1872 until recently, when the water was pumped out
of the upper levels and machinery was provided for making the ores marketable.
In 1890 operations were being carried on in a very limited fashion, the main effort
being apparently to make the mine pay its own expenses. The prospect was
very encouraging, and deserved a liberal expenditure of capital. The Inspector of
Mines visited this property (1889), and, in his report upon it, says that “working as
it is at present, under difficulties, on a small scale, and with primitive raising
appliances, the mine pays excellently ; with a plant capable of dealing with a large
quantity of ore it would pay handsomely and become an important undertaking.”
The lode is a very large one, ranging from 12ft. to 20ſt., and through the whole
matrix there are veins of very rich ore distributed irregularly. The course of the
lode is N. 10° E., with a dip W. at an angle of 45°; it can be traced for a mile, and
has been opened on the northern boundary, where a small but compact lode of high-
grade copper ore is shown. In February, 1899, the Government Geologist reported
having again examined this property, and describes the lode as being of a bedded
character, associated with spathic iron in veins, and calcspar and brecciated rock;
48 MINING RECORDS.
and copper is distributed irregularly through the whole mass. He describes the
shafts, but the workings being under water personal examination was impossible; but
he was of opinion that the lode was a strong and permanent one, justifying systematic
and exhaustive exploration at deep levels, and the employment of systematic methods of
mining. The present holders of the mine have only recently taken it up, and beyond
stoping ore from portions of the lode which had been left standing as supports in the
workings, they had not, at the time of his visit, commenced mining the property.
Appended to the report was a long reprint from Professor Ulrich's report of 1872
(now out of print). - . - .
Princess Royal Mine.—This mine was discovered prior to the Burra Mine,
which it adjoins. Considerable success attended the early workings of the property.
A quantity of ore was raised, and showed an average of over 27 per cent. of copper.
In 1851 water was reached at the 30-fathom level; the capital of the company was
expended, and the mine was therefore abandoned. The total proceeds of the ore
raised were about £7,000. The land (10,000 acres) was sold for a sheep run.
(Austin, 1863.) - -
Primce of Wales.—A prospecting venture near Moonta, where, in 1873-4,
costeening was carried on by a small syndicate until pecuniary resources were ex-
hausted. No records.
Queen Bee.—Locality, New Luxemburg. The report of the Government
Geologist (1897) was in effect that a quartz lode from 3ft. to 4ft. thick, containing in
places rich shoots of copper ore continued down to 200ft. There was a first-class
prospect of a payable copper mine being developed by proper mining; but fossick-
ing on and near the surface must be abandoned for a more legitimate method. (See
also “GoLD’” Section.)
Rae’s Claims.- Situated west of Crocker's, at Mutooroo. The Inspector of
Mines considers the property presents every inducement for working.
Rawnsley’s Bluff Mine. — Situated about 14 miles east of Mernmerna
(Great Northern Railway), and S.W. of the Bluff itself. A strong reef of ironstone
shows on the surface for 250 or 300 yards, and contains some good stones of green
carbonate of copper. (Austin, 1863.) .
Reedy Creek Mine.—(See Tung KILLo and GREAT WHEAL ORFoRD, now
KITTI Cool,A.) . -
Rhondda Mine.—Situated on section 48, four miles north from Carrieton.
Worked many years ago for a brief period only, leaving no record of results. Strike
of lode east and west, dip 33° south. The workings, which are now in a dangerous
condition, have followed the inclination of the lode 180ft.; it appears to be only a
few inches thick. Two men are fossicking, and the ore obtained is of poor quality.
(Government Geologist, February, 1899.)
Rhynie Mine.—Situated four miles west from Riverton. A copper mine
having rich indications was worked here by Messrs. Nickolls Bros. in 1867. -
Riley's Discovery.—Locality, a mile and a half from Patsey's Springs. The
lode is said to carry ore worth 23% per cent, for copper. -
Robertson’s Copper Mine.—Locality, section 13, hundred of Paratoo,
four miles from Nackara Railway Station. The Government Geologist reported in
February, 1899, that there was here a well defined lode 2ft. to 4ft. wide, with a
copper-bearing vein 6in. to 12in, wide on the hanging wall. Five shafts and a
number of excavations, partly worked the lode for a length of 400ft. Copper con-
tents vary, samples assaying up to 26% per cent. There is a trace of gold, and a
small quantity of silver also present. Stoping has been carried on from 50ft. to
surface. The lode, though small, is likely to be permanent, and is well worth pros-
pecting by inclined shafts. -
sº
Roseworthy Mine.—Situated 31 miles north from Adelaide. A copper mine
is said to have been opened in 1867 at a place two miles N.W. from the township.
Royal Mining Company of South Australia.-This company pur-
chased 720 acres of land, chiefly in the neighborhood of Kapunda, at a cost of
£1,500, but no important discoveries were made. (December, 1846.) Amalgamated
with the Emu Flats Association, June, 1850. - -
Ryan’s Copper Claim.—The Inspector of Mines visited this claim, situated
in the hundred of Uroonda, in 1889, and states that two small shafts had been sunk
on the underlie of a copper lode, which dips at an angle of 30°, the size of the branch
varying from 4in. to 12in. It is enclosed in a talcose schist, and would be inexpen-
sive to work. The ore went up to 45 per cent., and the mine looked very promising.
Saltia Copper and Coal Mine.—Situated about a mile N.W. from Saltia
Railway Station. The Inspector of Mines reported in 1892 : . Shallow shafts and
trenches sunk in a small crystalline limestone vein copper-stained, which is enclosed
in argillaceous slates. Of no value. A pit was sunk 12ft. on a small fluccan vein
where coal was alleged to have been discovered. The Inspector reported very
unfavorably of the whole affair, as being worthless. - -
Schmidt’s Mine.—Situated near Mattawarangala Creek and two miles easterly
from the well. The cap of a quartz lode containing copper has been removed by
means of an open cut, a drive, and a shaft 12ft. deep. The lode varies from 2ft. to
3ft. 6in. wide, and contains low-percentage copper ore. The dip of the lode is very
slight, making this an easy venture to prospect below the present excavations. This
the Government Geologist considers would be worth doing. (February, 1899.)
Scott's Creek Mine.—Situated about 18 miles from Adelaide, near Cherry
Gardens, on the side of a steep but not very high hill, on the surface of which, in
ironstone rock, some strong stains of copper were found, and a shaft was sunk. The
ore was chiefly grey oxide, mixed with a little green and blue carbonate. The lode
was small, but regular and well defined; at the depth of five fathoms there was but
little ore, the lode being chiefly composed of gossan. The lode is nearly a downright
one, having but little underlie. (Austin, 1863.) The Inspector of Mines, after
visiting this mine a little while ago, described it as distant a mile and a half north of
the Aclare Mine, and though the locality was favorable for copper as well as silver
mining, referred it to the latter series. (See “SILVER MINEs.”) -
Scrubbers’ Camp Mine.—Situated about 28 miles north from Kooringa.
There were several shafts sunk, and promising ore was found, principally blue car-
bonates. The ground is soft and easily worked. (Date of working was 1867.)
Silverina Mine.—Situated four miles south from Artepena Trig, and three
miles due east from the dam; area, 640 acres. The Mine Inspector reported (1892)
the existence of a large ironstone lode, with an outcrop in some places 40ft. high
and 60ft. wide. It could be traced three-quarters of a mile ; strike N. 30° E.,
dipping W., and enclosed in calcareous clayslates. The lode consists of siliceous
ironstone, with small spats of green carbonate of copper. (See MAMMOTH BLACK
RIDGE.) . . . . . . . . . . ." § 2 . . .
Sir Dominick Mine.—This property adjoins the Daly Mine, about five and a
half miles E.N.E. from the Yudnamutana Mine. The range rises to a height of 400ft.,
and its crest consists of an immense rugged mass of ferruginous, highly fractured
quartzite, forming a nearly perpendicular wall of over 100ft. in thickness. On
50 MINING RECORDS.
account of the mode of occurrence of the copper ore, this mass closely resembles the
quartzite layer of the Daly Mine, but the ore contents of the pockets are not so rich
as are those of the latter. The rocks of the district present the same varieties as
those near the Yudnamutana Mine. (Ulrich, 1872.) In 1890 the Inspector of
Mines reported upon this property, mentioning that it had been worked fourteen
years previously. He noted small veins and modules of blue and green carbonate of
copper running through and intermingled with soft rock. A considerable amount of
useless work had been done, as, for example, a tunnel driven 142ft. about 40ft. below
the crown of the hill. This tunnel cut through a formation fully 60ft. wide. A
shaft has been holed into the tunnel at 60ft. Carbonate of copper in small quantity
runs through the whole width of the lode. A shaft was sunk 50ft. west on the
hanging-wall of a parallel lode. Lower down the hill another tunnel was driven
155ft. In the opinion of the Inspector this should have been continued as the
property is a good one, wanting capital for development. a ' -
Slaty Rock Mine.—Locality, section 35, Cudlamudla. A calespar lode,.
containing an appreciable percentage of grey copper ore and carbonate, with
occasionally red oxide; strikes N. 42° W. for 500ft., the thickness of the lode
varying from a few inches to 5ft. The deepest shaft is 33ft., and passed through
3ft. 6in. of lode. There is a good prospect of payable copper being found by
following down the shoots of ore. (Government Geologist, 1899.)
Sliding Rock Mine.—Situated 14 miles from Beltana Railway Station, on
the south side of Sliding Rock Creek, at the base of a hill of medium height, com-
posed of hard limestone. The main ore deposit is a lode varying from 18in. to 10ft.
wide. Its course is tortuous, and has a mean strike of N. 20° E., and with an eastward
underlay of 3ft. in the fathom. It traverses the beds of the country, which strike
W. 20° N., and dip southward at an angle of about 60°. The walls, which are fairly
well defined, consist on the eastern side of a blackish aluminous shale, resting against
a hard bar or reef of impure brown iron Öre; and on the western one of soft sandy
concretionary light-colored shale, which near the surface is more or less thickly
stained with blue and green carbonate of copper and brown iron ore. The existence
of the ironstone reef in the eastern wall is of great value to the mine, for the reason
that it dams back a seemingly great accumulation of water in the rocks behind. At
the surface the ore consists of rather earthy and not very rich-looking carbonates;
but it changes in depth to an association of red oxide of copper, native copper, green
and some blue carbonates, in a soft, clayey partly ferruginous matrix. The red
oxide occurs frequently in large crystalline, granular, and vein-like masses; the
native copper in pure crystallised masses, occasionally several cubic inches in size;
and the carbonate—mostly malachite—forms veins and druses in connection with the
former. Beneath the water-level traces only have as yet been discovered of black
sulphide of copper ore. About the middle of the length of lode opened, the latter is
traversed, without being faulty, by a crosscourse of 13ft. in width, and striking W.
17° N. . This crosscourse carries ore similar to that of the main lode, and has been
followed for seven fathoms towards the west. The limestone, of which the hill is
composed, is greyish-black, micro-crystalline, hard and tough, and, according to
chemical analysis, contains a large percentage of magnesia, some silica, and carbona-
ceous matter. (Ulrich, 1872.) A description published in 1896 states that particles
of malleable copper disseminated throughout a clay formation in the mine (in places
30ft. wide) were being experimentally treated by means of puddling machines, yield-
ing 70 per cent: samples of ore. . - -
Smith's, Olary.—A lode of copper was found near King's Bluff, in the
Olary district, in 1887. It strikes N.W. and S.E., and can be traced along the
surface of the ground for some distance. An excavation has been made on a rubbly
broken cap of the lode to a depth of about 10ft., and several tons of ore have been
raised. Sufficient work has not been done to prove the value of the lode, but its
appearance is very encouraging. The rocks with which it is associated are quartzite
and quartzose sandstone, and granite. (1887.)
º
coPPER. 51
South Australian Company’s Copper and Lead Mines.—Situated .
at Rapid Bay. English assays gave 19 per cent. copper, 66 per cent, lead, and 14ozs.
15dwts. silver. (Dutton, 1846.) . - . .
South Creek Copper Mine,—Situated about four miles north from the Burr
well, on a large creek. It has been worked on three lodes. Two of these to the
south are parallel lodes 3ft. apart, in a calcite reef, with well-defined walls. These
dip 82° south, and are easily traced for some distance on the surface. The ore in
this lode consists of green carbonates in kaolinized slate. It was worked to about
70ft., when the water level was struck, and operations were discontinued.
South Devon.—This mine, situated between the Duryea and the Doora, not
far from the Wallaroo Mines, had two lodes, which were discovered by costeaning.
A shaft was sunk on the south lode to the depth of 22 fathoms, and a crosscut was
driven to the parallel lode, which was from 2ft, to 3ft. wide, and carried a little
yellow ore. A good deal of work was done, but nothing has been heard of the mine
since the depression in the price of copper occurred.
South Doora.-Held by a prospecting syndicate, formed to search for a
continuation of the Doora lode. It was reported that a large quantity of excellent
copper was at one time raised from this mine. - .
S.E. Doora.-A similar venture to the above. The claim contains a strong
show of ironstone and gossan. .
South Kapunda Mining Company.—Established 1850, and its property
was situated between the Kapunda and North Kapunda Mines. It appears to have
stopped working in 1854. - -
South Moonta.—This claim was about two miles south from Moonta Mine,
and the adventurers essayed the discovery in their three sections of the continuation
of its lodes. They costeaned to a depth of 30ft., and in two places got very favor-
able indications. The small local company soon exhausted its capital and operations
ceased. - * .
South Mutooroo Blocks.-Adjacent to Mutooroo Mine. The Mine
Inspector reported (30/6/90) that two costeans had been put down in a large lode of
ferruginous quartz, revealing nothing payable; but that without doubt the Mutooroo
lode runs through the property. - - -
South Wallaroo.—(See DEvoN CoNsols.)
Spear Creek.—There is a copper lode lying twelve miles east from the township
of Stirling North; unworked. - * -
Spring Creek Mine.—Situated 85 miles from Port Augusta and 11 miles
north from Melrose, on the northern flank of Mount Remarkable. A small drive of
about two fathoms has been made about 120ft. above the level of the creek, into the
hill, and shows several veins of red oxide from lin, to 6in. in thickness. A reef of
rocks running up the face of the hill contains numerous stains of copper. On break-
ing off pieces of rock where these stains occur, ore is almost invariably found; in
some cases blue and green carbonates, but more frequently red oxide and ruby ore,
and sometimes a little native copper. . (Austin, 1863.) . . . .
Stainbank’s Mine.—This prospect is situated on private lands at Fifth
Creek, and the ground is composed of clay, slate, and sandstone, traversed by
numerous quartz and iron reefs. A tunnel driven into a hill 250ft. has intersected a
small mullocky reef, from which samples give on assay gold, silver, and copper in
52 MINING RECORDS.
small quantity. The mine is within an autiferous belt of country. (Inspector of
Mines, 1889.) - -
Stanley Mine.—This mine is situated 76 miles N.E. from Blinman Mine, and
four miles east from Yadnamutana Mine, and lies in a low hilly district or basin,
surrounded by high ranges. The country consists of metamorphic slates and sand-
stones, which strike W. 15° to 20° N., and dip southerly at angles varying from 60°
to 85°. There are four separate lodes much resembling one another in mineral
character. The one nearest the Daly Mine lies on a low range, and crosses micaceous
slate. It is from 2ft to 4ft. thick, and at the surface is composed of gossan, beneath
which succeeds slaty and clayey mullock, with argillaceous veins, and also patches
and veins of quartz and calcite, Judging from some specimens left on the surface,
the ore seems to consist of concretionary lumps and irregular veins of malachite and
azurite. Some of the gossan ore, on chemical examination, showed very faint traces
of bismuth. The length of the vein appears from the workings to be only about one
and a half chains, its strike N. 30° W., and its underlie W. 30 S., at an angle of 55°.
The walls are not well defined. About the centre of its length it makes a sharp turn
W. 30° N. for about 6ft. The workings are—a deep underlie shaft communicating
with a vertical one sunk to the depth of 30ft., where it strikes the underlie of the
lode. Another vertical shaft, about 50ft. deep, lies in a gully in the line of the strike
of the lode, and about five chains north of the underlie.shaft, but neither traces of
lodestone, nor even copper stains, are observable in the spoil heaps around it. The
second lode lies about 12 chains east of the first one. The ore occurring in
depth consists of brown iron ore, enclosing patches of copper pyrites, iron pyrites,
malachite, and azurite. The workings consist of a short trench and an underlie shaft
apparently 55ft. deep. Judging from these the ore seems only to extend for about
15ft in strike. The strike of the lode is W. 30° N., and it dips S. 30° W. at an angle
of about 65°. Its hanging-wall is well defined, and is represented by a strong reef of
quartzite. The footwall is less regular, and consists of micaceous slate. The third
lode lies about 11 chains S.E. of the foregoing one, and much higher up the range.
The ore enclosed in the outcrop is of a far superior quality to that of the others, con-
sisting of veins and solid lumps of malachite, azurite, and tile ore, embedded in
cupriferous brown iron ore. Both the carbonates appear also frequently crystallised
in cavities. The presence of bismuth ore could only be detected by chemical ex-
amination. Traces only of it could be found, notwithstanding that it had been
reported to have occurred in large quantities. The workings consist of underlie
shafts—one apparently 60ft. in depth—and shallow excavations on either side. In a
distance of not more than one and a half chains the lode showed great irregularity of
of strike and dip - the former being in the mean W. 15° N.; the latter, according to
the main underlie shaft, 80°, in a shallow excavation on east end, about 45° south-
ward. The thickness of the lode varies from 2ft. in the western to above 8ft. in the
eastern workings. The fourth lode is similar in character to the third lode. Its
features, more especially conformity in strike and dip, indicate that it and the fore-
going ones are “makes” of the same great lode, the fissure of which is closed, or
perhaps only indistinct on the surface between. The workings comprise a small
excavation on east side, and close to the gully, and a tunnel of about one chain in
length driven into the hill opposite. At the opening of the tunnel there is a rugged
protrusion of quartzite, traversed by quartz veins. (Ulrich, 1872.) The Inspector of
Mines examined this mine in October, 1890, and reported that it had not been
worked since 1874. Several old shafts had been sunk on the course of the lode,
which strikes east and west, one to a depth of 80ft., and a considerable quantity of
copper must have been obtained. The north shaft is down 60ft., where the lode is
about 4ft. wide, carrying a small quantity of blue and green carbonates. The matrix
of the lode is calcite and soft clayey slate, with jumbled veins of ironstone and quartz.
On the north line of lode a shaft had been put down 72ft., and close to it a shaft had
been driven 80ft. into a low hill, and the lode had been stripped to the surface,
evidently with a good yield of copper ore. Numerous lodes traverse the property, of
a kindly nature, and 20 tons of bismuth raised from a depth of 40ft, on the south
lode realised £120 per ton, (1890.) - • - * ,
COPPER. - 53
Strathalbyn Mines.—Situate near the township. They were originally .
opened by private enterprise in 1848. Some good copper ore was raised and
smelted on the property. The mines were afterwards sold, but were never re-
worked. (Austin, 1863.) - - -
Taree—on a claim situated east of the Derrington Mine, near Moonta, pros-
pecting was carried on for the discovery of the Derrington lode, but without success,
and the venture collapsed. (1873.) - :
Teatree Copper Mine.—The Inspector of Mines reported an examination
of this property, situated four miles from Arrowie Station, in September, 1889. A
fine outcrop of copper-stained ironstone can be traced for a mile on a course S. 20° E.,
dip E. 20°. A shaft was sunk 20ſt. on a lode formation of 3ft., which carries
low-grade ore. The cost of cartage and low price of copper make this a second-rate
prospect. - ,
Tiddy Widdy.—This was the name of a venture not far from Ardrossan and
the Parara Mine, Yorke Peninsula, which was regarded as having very good pros-
pects. It was abandoned because of lack of capital. (1873.) -
Tower Hill Mine.—This property lies between Tower Hill and the Avon-
dale Mine, and is about 20 miles S.E. from Farina. The lode is 6in. to 8in. wide,
with no defined walls. As it goes down it is improved in bulk by the addition of
small leaders, and is dipping 30° to 56° E., whilst the rocks, which are calcareous
slates, dip 75° N. The workings consist of an underlie shaft of about 60ft. in depth,
and from there the lode has been followed by a drive for 40ft. without any apparent
change. The ore consists of chalcocite with stains of malachite, and a little chalco-
pyrite and atacamite. About 20ft, south of the lode is a well-defined reef of calcite
with copper stains. It is probable that this will junction with the lode lower down,
when it will assume a more definite character. (1884.) . -
Tresevean Mining Company.—They held a lease from the Britannia
Mining Company, at Bremer. Stopped working in 1851. In July, 1896, there was
a brief resumption of work here on tribute, but no information has been received as
to results.
Truro Mine.—This property, situated about six miles from Kadina, in the
neighborhood of the Cornwall mine, was taken up as a prospecting venture, but was
long ago abandoned, no results adequate to the outlay having been obtained. (1873.)
Tumby Mine.—This mine is eight or nine miles north from Tumby Bay,
Spencer Gulf. The lode is 3ft. 6in. wide, and consists of blue and green carbonates,
gossan and spar. Two shafts were sunk—one to a depth of nine fathoms and one to
7ft. Date of working, about 1867. - - .
Tungkillo (Kitticoola) Mine, the property of the Australian Mining
Company, is 34 miles N.E. from Adelaide. The company was formed in 1845,
and operations were begun a year or two later, and were continued up to 1852,
when the working ceased. During that time the money spent in developing the mines
at Tungkillo and Charlton amounted to upwards of £108,217. A number of shafts
were sunk, and the work was conducted in accordance with the most scientific methods
of the day. The ores were rich in quality, but “bunchy”; the lode worked was
over 30ft. wide. The ore taken out reached 22 per cent. for copper, on the average.
The Royal South Australian Almanac for 1848, stated that the Tungkillo Mine con-
tained emery, and that in December, 1847, 100 tons were sent to Port Adelaide for
shipment. The following account of this mine is taken from an article, dated 1850,
in “Iron,” volume v11. :— • - * , -
There were two lodes at the north end of the property and six at the south. Near the former the
ground was dark-grained micaceous granite. . Above the water level of the mine there were carbon-
ates, black oxide, and black sulphurets, and below the level copper pyrites. Iron was conspicuous
54 - MINING RECORDS.
in all the Iodes, and the rock was very hard. The mine contained a chamber 20ft. high, from which
had been taken an immense bunch of ore. When, however, this bunch was quarried out the lode
suddenly contracted and soon passed off into mere strings. Efforts to secure better ground or to find
another bunch were unsuccessful. - -
On Baker's lode the workings comprised two shafts of 60 fathoms and 40 fathoms,
respectively. At the 40-fathom level there was an adit and railway 198 fathoms in
length, and in addition there were three other levels of 95, 70, and 30 fathoms in
length. This mine is now named Kitticoola, and is again being worked. (See
under “GoLD.”)
Turnerton Mine.—Situated six miles N.E. from Leslie's well. The Inspector
of Mines reported in October, 1890, that several pits had been sunk on small leaders
of quartz and carbonate of copper. A high hill has a large outcrop of quartzite,
in many places showing copper stains. The strike of the lode is 30° W. of S.,
with a dip of 30° to the S.E.; prevailing strata soft and indurated calcareous slates.
He held the opinion that the property was worthy of a good trial.
Two Brothers Mine.—Situated about two miles north from Nuccaleena.
The indications were good at first, a lode of rich oxide 2ft. in width being traceable
for the whole length of the section; but when sinking and driving began the lode
was lost. (Austin, 1863.) . - . -
Two Franks Copper Mine.—Locality, six miles S.E. from Davenport
Railway siding, and 40 miles N.W. from Hergott Springs. The Inspector of Mines
reported in January, 1891, that three 80-acre sections were held under mineral lease,
in which a shaft had been sunk 20ft. in a large limestone formation. He was
informed that t6 tons of 40 per cent, copper ore had been won from shallow workings,
and veins and bunches of rich ore were observable. Average assay from samples
taken, 28; per cent. metallic copper. No defined vein in sight, but carbonate of
copper seen for a considerable distance along the course of the limestone. (See
CLARA ST. DoRA.) -
TJKaparinga Mine.—In March, 1889, the Inspector of Mines reported on
this property, which is situated about a mile and a half from Williamstown, and was
first worked in 1850, under the name of the Wheal Friendship. He says that copper
ore, raised in limited quantities, produced as high as 45 per cent., but the general
bulk was of low quality. In later years it has been worked at different periods by
parties of tributors, but is now idle. There are two lodes, one N. 10° E., the other
N.E., with probability of conjunction at the south end of the claim. An adit level
cut the north lode at the depth qf 100ft. and it was proved by a winze to a further
depth of 95ft. The lode formation is very poor in copper, but is bunchy, averaging
not more than 4 per cent, ore, which could be dressed up to 35 per cent. In the
bottom the bulk of the lode is white quartz, traversed by small veins of good OTE.
There is a large quantity of ground opened up ready for stoping. On the south end
of the claim a tunnel has been driven 200ft. hillwards, intersecting both lodes. In
the end the N.E. lode is fully 12ft. wide, with regular, well-defined walls, carrying a
fair percentage of yellow ore. There is, the Inspector says, some probability of gold
being found in this mine. . . - ' . -
Ulooloo Copper Mine.—Situated three miles east from the Ulooloo Railway
Station. One hundred acres of private land were held on lease, in a mineralised belt
of country, bounded on the south by a high range of granitic and gneissic rocks.
The Inspector of Mines reported that creeks run eastward from the range which
give auriferous indications. A few feet south of a strong outcrop of iron a vertical
shaft has been sunk 108ft., and a crosscut thence intersected the iron lode, 18ft.
thick. The country is congenial for stratified deposits of copper—in fact copper is
distributed in slugs on the surface, for 200ft., and the ground, composed of quartz,
hornblende, feldspar, and carbonate of lime, has nodules of green and blue car-
bonates interspersed, besides here and there red oxide of copper. There are two

\,
COPPER. - 55
other outcrops on the property, one of quartz and the other of iron, which have not
yet been tested. The nature of the ground makes the work of exploration compara-
tively inexpensive. 1889.) (See GoLD.) * -
Dmberatana Mine.—The Inspector of Mines reported that this claim is on
the mineralised range of hills that contain the Yudnamutana, Daly, Stanley, and
Wheal Turner mines, and is situated about three miles north of the latter. No work
had been done, but there is a lode carrying carbonate of copper, which can be traced
through the claims. It is of too low a quality to pay for dispatch from such a
distant and inaccessible locality. (1889). In 1890 the following information was
the result of a later inspection :-The property consists of 280 acres. A large
outcrop of quartzite, very much fractured and disturbed, traverses a high hill, in
which carbonate of copper can be seen from end to end. There is a parallel lode
east, on which a shaft 30ft. deep had been sunk, from which 6 tons of marketable
ore had been raised. A tunnel driven down near the foot of the hill to intersect, the
two lodes would in all probability repay the outlay. " .. 2 - -
TJnited Consols.—Locality, near Kadina. A claim taken up because of
strong mineral indications found in the Nonpariel Mine, which it adjoined on the
- northern side; held in 1873. -
Uroonda Cooper Mine.—(See RYAN's.)
Vesey's Claim.—This is situated about 10 or 12 miles N.E. from Nuccaleena.
There is a well-defined lode running nearly through the section containing rich ore,
green carbonate and grey oxide, and some of the latter is said to contain 70 per cent.
of copper. The country consists of clayslate and pipeclay. But little work done.
(Austin, 1863.)
Victory Mine.—Situated 17 miles east from Leigh's Creek. It is stated that
a lode exists in this property 15in. wide, and that a sample sent down for assay gave
54 per cent of metallic copper, with 35oz. 10dwt. silver, and 3 per cent. nickel.
Victory Copper Mine.--This property is on the top of a hill about 80ft.
high, three miles east from Mount Bourne, and 32 miles N.E. from Beltana township.
The hill is composed of quartzite, dipping to the south. The lode runs north and
south, and dips E, 68°; it is from 9in. to 4ft. in width; has a well-defined footwall,
but no hanging-wall. The ore consists of chalcocite with malachite, atacamite, dark
oxides and Sulphides. It runs in a shoot to the N. 45°, from 30ft. to 40ft. long and
20in. wide. The mine has been worked to a depth of 170ft. by an underlie shaft
without striking water. The lode has twice pinched out and made again. Three
shafts have been sunk, and drives to the extent of 100ft. made on the course of the
lode. Three hundred tons of ore have been sent away during the last year or two,
averaging, it is said, about 31 per cent. (1884.) The mine was not working in
1887. The Government Geologist reported the results of his examination at the
latter end of 1896. He stated that this was an old mine, having been at work
previously to 1884. The strike of the lode is from N. and S. to N. 10° W., with
an underlie 70° to the E., cutting across the strike of the strata, which consists
of quartzite, metamorphic sandstone, and indurated claystone. The lode is better
defined at the lower levels than nearer the surface, but its width is small. Three
men at the time of inspection were engaged getting out ore from portions of a lode
which had been left unworked, and which was not very well defined. The shoot of
ore is short, and it should be followed down and worked at a greater depth. Gossan
from this mine on assay returned a trace of gold, and silver at the rate of 5oz. 5dwt.
per ton. - = - - . . . . .
Vocavocana Mine.—This mine, situated west from Apex Hill, has a well-
defined north and south lode, and good grey ore has been raised from it. The lode
shows for about 200 yards on the surface. (1860-69.) -
56 - MINING RECORDS.
Vulcan Mine.—This was a claim taken up about six miles S.E. from the
Wallaroo Mines. In costeaning a nice deposit of ore was found, and prospecting
shafts were sunk, but the lode from which this bunch of ore was supposed to have
been derived was never discovered, and the claim eventually reverted to the Crown.
Wakefield Mine.—This is in a locality 69 miles north from Adelaide. In
1845 a copper lode of considerable regularity was operated upon in this claim, and
some hundredweights of copper of good quality were produced. (Date, 1848.)
Wallaroo Mine.—This mine was discovered in 1860. It is situated on Yorke
Peninsula, and is 10 miles north from Moonta Mines, and now includes the Kurilla.
It occupies rather over 2,000 acres of Crown lands. There are five lodes on the
property, and there is the Kurilla lode. The main lode is nearly vertical, although
occasionally the underlie is a little to the north, and sometimes a little to the south.
Strike of lodes, 10° to 20° south of east. The lodes vary in width, from a few inches
to 12ft. or 14ft., and the ore they contain is chiefly chalcopyrite. As raised from
the mine it varies from 3 to 10 per cent., with occasionally small quantities of rich
ore. The deposits of copper ore are chiefly along the lead of the lodes, and are
associated with “gangue.” The present supply is mostly chalcopyrite. There are
no regular shoots. In connection with the limestone i over the lode, a little green
carbonate of copper was found, but a large proportion of the green ore was atacamite.
Below this oxides of copper were met with, both red and black, then grey and black
sulphides with iron pyrites. These deposits of ore were mostly exhausted many
years ago. Chalcopyrite came in at varying depths of from 10 to 30 fathoms, and
this is almost the only kind of ore now being raised at the mine. It continues down
to the bottom of the deepest shaft. The veinstone associated with the metallic
minerals is composed of portion of the bedrock, iron pyrites, calcareous spar, &c.
The country formation is schistose rock. The quantity of ore raised from the time
the mine was opened to December 31st, 1886, was 451,016 tons (of 21 cwt.), of
the value of £2,030,143 in the colony. It yielded, on the average, about 10 per cent.
of copper. Thirty shafts, including trial shafts, have been sunk, the deepest being
195 fathoms. The water level was reached at about five fathoms. The drives, levels,
etc., including Matta and Kurilla, extend a distance of 20 miles. The yield now
varies from half a ton to six tons per fathom. (1890.) The Moonta Mine has been
amalgamated with this, which has besides taken over the Matta Matta, Kurilla, Devon
Consols, &c. The value of ores won prior to the amalgamation was £2,229,096, and
dividends paid £430,254. Since then the value has been, up to the end of 1898,
£1,876,134; and dividends paid, £104,000. Taking both mines º the wages
reached over £7,000,000, and the dividends realized amounted, it is ſaid, to 25 per
cent. The bulk of the ore broken at Wallaroo Mine is said to be fit for the smelters,
say 12 per cent. It has been worked nearly 40 years, and the deepest shaft is
1,620ft., and sinking is now being continued. - - g
Wallaroo East Copper Mining Syndicate.—This was formed in
August, 1897, for the purpose of acquiring the New Cornwall Mine, consisting of
four mineral leases in the hundred of Kadina, and a project was on foot to sell to
English capitalists. No information received as to results.
Wallaroo, Section 661, Hundred of.- On examination, in the latter
part of 1898, the Government Geologist found that on this mineral ground prospecting
shafts had been sunk in a felsitic rock stained with carbonate of copper, and con-
taining small branches and veins of carbonate of copper. The lode is said to strike
east and west, and dip north. At the depth reached, 60ft., these appear to have been
small, and associated with branch veins. . .
Walparuta Claim.—Situated a mile south from Walparuta Spring, from
which a stream runs through the claim. Inspector Parkes, in 1895, reported that
there were numerous small segregated veins of quartz and copper enclosed in
indurated mica schist. Samples assayed gave a mere trace of gold, and the opinion
of the inspector was unfavorable to further outlay.
\ *
COPPER. 57
Wandilta Mine. —This was a discovery following the finding of the lode in the
Cornwall Mine and adjacent to it. The prospectors sank to a depth of 30 fathoms,
got a branch lode containing green carbonates and grey ore, and drove on it until it
“gave out.” The property was subsequently owned by the Wallaroo Company.
The Government Geologist, reporting on this property in September, 1898, mentioned
that the main shaft was said to be 240ft. deep, and from it a lode 2ft. to 3ft. thick
had been driven upon for 190ft. No information of the quantity or quality of the
ore raised is available. - - - - - . . . .
Warcowie Claim.—Situated N.E. of Hawker. The Mining Journal of May
7th, 1898, reported that a rich seam of ore had been found at a depth of 70ft.,
leading from the “blow,” and containing copper, gold, and silver. Sinking was
carried on to a depth of 91 ft., when a drive was put in at the 70ft. level to follow
the ore body when the “blow” was struck at 25ft., so sinking was again resumed to
170ft. It is intended (says this authority) to drive south under the large outcrop, a
contract having been let. •
Warra Warra Copper Mine.---The Government Geologist, early in 1898,
reported upon this mine, which is situated seven miles southward from Rischbeth's
well, and a mile east of Tarlton's Nob, near Mount Nor’-West. The workings con-
sist of vertical shafts 133ft. apart, sunk to 60ft. and 65ft., with crosscuts and drives
to intersect and mine a lode formation which outcrops on an E.N.E. line. Shaft No.
1 discloses a mullocky lode formation 18ft. thick, with copper ore in small per-
centage. Shaft No. 2 cuts the same lode, which has been driven upon both ways a
total of 72ft., there being good walls, the lode varying from 2ft. to 6ft. in width, the
ore being of low percentage for copper. This lode contains green carbonates, native
copper, copper glance, copper pyrites, red oxide, &c., associated with quartz, kaolin,
gossan, and kaolinised rock, the latter being stained by carbonate of copper, country
rock, kaolinised and indurated slates and flags, sandstone, and quartzite in alternate
strata, dipping at high angles southward. At depth the deposits of copper ore
should be richer, and as a prospecting venture the chances of the mine are very
good. An underlie shaft should be sunk on the lode to water level. There is at
present no water for ore-dressing purposes, nor any timber in the immediate neigh-
borhood. Acting on the advice of the Government Geologist the No. 2 shaft was
sunk down to 144ft. on the underlie, with assistance by Government subsidy, and
copper was worked upon at that depth. (September, 1898.) More recently an
inspection was made by the Government Geologist in relation to an application for
another subsidy. He found the shaft was 157ft. deep following the inclination of the
lode, and that a crosscut had been driven at the bottom across the lode 40ft., and
was still in the formation, which was stained with green carbonate. Vertical depth
from the surface 205ft. The large size of the lode formation increases greatly the
amount of driving and crosscutting necessary in prospecting for the shoots of ore;
but the soft nature of the formation, and absence of water lessen the cost of work
materially. ſ . -
Warrina Copper Mining Syndicate.—Claim situated eight miles from
the Warrina Railway Station, on the Peake Run. Area, 160 acres, within which it
is alleged there are five distinct lodes. It is also stated that gold to a satisfactory
value had been dollied out of the ore. - - . .
Warrioota Mine.—Situated on the northern slope of a low range, about 10
miles S.E. from the township of Beltana. The ore deposit is a lode Ift. to 2ft. wide,
which strikes E. 15° N.—very nearly coincident with the strike of the country—but
dips irregularly through the latter, first for a few feet vertical in depth, and then at
an angle of 70° northward. The hanging-wall looks well defined, but the footwall
seems irregular. Judging from the nature of the veinstuff left near the two deepest
shafts, the general mineral character of the lode alters within a short distance. At
the one shaft it is composed of a soft, somewhat calcareous quartzose mullock,
densely traversed by thin quartz veins; these enclose small nodular masses of earthy
58. MINING RECORDS.
malachite, and occasionally of azurite, associated with calcite. A trial of some of the
ore gave traces, though very faint, of bismuth. Specimens of veinstones left near the
other shaft consist of a dense and hard ferruginous and highly quartzose striped
matrix enclosing thin seams and small druses of acicular crystals of malachite, besides
veins of cupriferous gossan. In general these veinstones resemble the poorer surface
stone of the Blinman Mine: No trace of sulphide ore could be detected. The
country in the neighborhood of the workings looks undisturbed, and consists of
alternating beds of thin cleavable slates and fine-grained thin-bedded partly micaceous
slaty sandstones; strike, E. 20° N.; dips southward at an angle of about 35° some
distance eastward of the workings near the line of the lode. Judging by the rather
poor ore last raised and left on the ground, the future prospects of the mine are not
very favorable. If gold crushing and saving machinery were at hand, the trial of a
few tons of the lodestone for gold is to be recommended, and the prospecting for this
metal generally in the gullies and in the quartz reefs in the neighborhood. In fact,
a zone of country of considerable width exists in this neighborhood which is traversed
by strong promising-looking quartz reefs, and altogether presents an auriferous aspect.
(Ulrich, 1872.) - - -
Wattle and Dab.—The name of a prospecting venture near Kadina, which
was unsuccessfully tried in 1873, in the neighborhood of the Wallaroo Mine.
Webb and Robertson’s Mine.--This is situated a mile east of Nichol's
Nob, near Mount Lyndhurst. The lodes follow the strike and dip of the rocks,
which are calcareous slates, much floored; they strike N. 20° W., and dip 67° E. 20° N.
There are three lines of lodes; the one to the north has been prospected only; it
consists of calcite and gossan, with grey ore and pyrites, about 8in. wide. The
middle lode has been worked by a shaft, 30ft. deep. It is 4ft. wide, but not well
defined. (1884.) -
Welcome Mine.-Situated 68 miles N.E. from the township from Beltana, and
about 18 miles S.E. from the Yudnamutana Mine. There are two small batches of
workings on adjoining spurs—a higher and a lower one. The workings on the higher
spur consist of an open trench, 3ft. to 4ft. wide and about 40ft. long, exposing a quartz
reef of 1ſt. or 2ft. in thickness. It strikes N. 32° E., and dips W. 32° N. at 62°.
The underlie wall is well defined, and is composed of a gritty silicified sandstone and
boulder conglomerate. The enclosed boulders are mostly quartzite. The hanging
wall is less regular, and is composed of fissile, rather concretionary slates. These
appear to have been disturbed, as, on the top of the spur, they show a very flat dip of
about 8° to 10° S.W., while further off they strike N. 30° W. and dip W. 30° S. at
20°. In the reef, and in a few feet of the hanging walls, are exposed solid patches
and thick veins of ore, consisting of grey oxide, coated generally with green carbonate
and chloride of copper. The ore-bearing part of the country does not seem to extend
much beyond the trench on either side, for towards the south the ore patches dis-
appear, and the veins split and thin out, and northward from the trench no ore is
traceable for more than a few feet. In the second batch of workings the ore is of a
similar character to that in the first batch. (Ulrich, 1872.) There is a strong lode
of solid grey ore 2ft. wide, averaging 40 per cent. for copper; and in a hill south of
this mine a series of lodes of varying thickness, which yield ore assaying up to a very
high percentage. (A. Frost, 1890.) (Wide McLEISH's.)
West Callington Copper and Silver Mine (Wheal Prosper).
—The mine manager's report at the end of 1896 referred to resumed operations, and
described the exploring work done and the ore met with in prospecting the old
workings. At a later period, capital being scarce, a voluntary winding-up was resolved
upon. For some time and up to 1893 the mine was worked upon tribute; and in May,
1896, a syndicate attempted to resuscitate the mine, but the outcome (as above)
seems to have been a failure, though a newspaper report alleged that the lode in bulk
assayed 14 per cent. to 16 per cent, and that the ore could easily be dressed to a much
higher percentage. “Picked assays have gone 60 per cent.” It was thought that
“12 per cent. ore would pay working expenses and leave a good margin for profit.”
COPPER. . 59
West Doora-Situated between the Doora and Derrington mines. A great
deal of costeaning was done in search of the Doora lode. The claim was subse-
quently abandoned. (1874.) . r .
Wheal Acraman Mining Company.—This was situated 10 miles
E.N.E. from Adelaide, near the Montacute Mine. (1854.) - -
Wheal Austin Mine.—This is situated half a mile S.S.W. of the Yudna-
mutana Mine. There is an immense reef of ironstone and gossan, containing strong
stains of copper and numerous stones of green carbonate and grey oxide. It is from
18ft. to 20ft. in width, and its course is very regular. (Austin, 1863.)
Wheal Barton Mine.—This is situated near Angaston, and was worked for
a time and then closed, without results. (Austin, 1863.) -
Wheal Bassett Copper Mine.—Situated three miles south from Nackara
Railway Station. Area 40 acres, on the forest reserve. The Inspector of Mines
reported (March, 1892) that four shafts had been sunk on a calcareous mullocky vein,
in which there was green carbonate of copper. No. 1 shaft was down 160ft.; the
others from 40ft. to 50ft. No defined vein, only segregated veins copper-stained.
He was of opinion that the property was valueless.
Wheal Besley Mine.—Situated 12 miles N.E. from Sliding Rock Mine. There
are two lodes on the section bearing very good gossan, impregnated with green and
blue carbonates, and containing occasional good stones of ore. The lodes run north
and south, and are traceable for a distance of 300 yards. Liver-colored and yellow
ore is found scattered on the surface. (Austin, 1863.) - .
Wheal Blinnman.-This property is near the Blinman Mine. The lode runs
nearly north and south, and is distinctly traceable for about 200 yards on the surface.
It is backed by a reef of indurated clayslate, intermixed with ironstone and gossan.
In the clayslate small pieces of green carbonate and grey ore are found. At the top
of a hill the lode forms into a large “blow,” in which the ore was discovered. On
the rocks being broken away a fine lode of rich ore was seen, 8ft, wide, and under-
lying westward into the hill about 18in. in the fathom. Five shafts were sunk on
this lode, ranging in depth from two to nine fathoms. Some rich green and blue
carbonates were occasionally met with, and specks of the finest yellow ore. (Austin,
1863.) -
Wheal Butler.—This mine lies about two miles N.E. from the Blinman. A
good lode passes through the property, and this has been opened at intervals for
nearly a quarter of a mile. It yields a peculiar reddish-brown or liver-colored ore,
supposed to be merely a variety of ironstone, but which, on being assayed, produced
37 per cent. of copper. The back of the lode consists of ironstone, micaceous iron,
gossan, and quartz; and, below these, stones of green and blue carbonate and a
quantity of liver-colored ore are found. The underlie is about 3ft. in the fathom.
(Austin, 1863.)
Wheal Devon.—This was a prospecting venture near Kadina, commenced in
search of the Kurilla lodes. There was a fair amount of costeaning, and a down-
right shaft was sunk about 10 fathoms; also a little driving was done, but with poor
results. The venture was then abandoned. (1874.)
Wheal Fortune Copper Mine. —Locality, Green's Plains. An old
mine; a shaft sunk to a depth of 13 fathoms, and a lode 18in. wide, the ore said to
be of excellent quality. It was worked in 1861-2, held by a company of Moonta
miners, who regarded it as a good prospecting venture. -
Wheal Friendship.–Worked on a lease from the Britannia Mining Com-
pany as a prospecting venture; abandoned in 1857, at the time of the gold exodus.
60 MINING RECORDS.
Wheal Fortune Mine,—This mine was on land leased from the Paringa
Mining Company (1850), in the Mount Barker district. It yielded black oxide and
other ores. No recent information received. - ' . : ſ , -
Wheal Frost Mine.—This is close to the Yudnamutana Mine, and consists
of a small conical mountain of greenstone, thickly impregnated with green carbonate
and red oxide of copper. Geologically considered, the belt of range country stretching
from west of the Yudnamutana mines, towards the Freeling heights, has every pros-
pect of containing copper ore deposits and perhaps gold. (Ulrich, 1872.)
Wheal Gleeson.—One of the Yudnamutana mines. There are three shafts.
The lode strikes irregularly north and south, with a dip steeply eastward. It is
apparently from 1 ft. to 3ft. in thickness only, and consists, near the surface, of rubbly
slate, mullock full of veins, and irregular masses of brown and micaceous iron ore,
enclosing seams, solid patches, and coatings of earthy malachite. (Ulrich, 1872.)
... Wheal Goyder.—This venture was situated near to the Paramatia Mine, and
stopped working about 1874. - : , . . . .
Wheal Hancock Mine.—Locality, adjacent to the Welcome Mine, 68 miles
N.E. from Beltana. There is a good lode distinctly traceable for about 250yds. It is
about 18in. wide, and consists of fine grey oxide. There are veins and stains of ore,
with small pieces of malachite scattered on the surface near the lode, which runs
N.E. and S.W., underlying westward into the hill. (Austin, 1863.)
Wheal Hughes Mine.—This property is situated not more than a mile
distant on the northern side of Moonta, and N.W. of Moonta Mine. In the
outset the discoverers obtained a good deposit of yellow ore coated black. This cut
out, and a good deal of money was spent in further search. The mine then lay un-
worked for a number of years, but in 1890 an unsuccessful effort was made to re-work
the property, which is believed to contain valuable lodes. About to be re-started.
Wheal Humby Mine.—Situated four miles S.W. from Moonta. Indications,
similar to those at the Moonta, led to sinking to a depth of four fathoms, when the
back of a lode was cut, consisting of ironstone mixed with green carbonate of copper.
(Austin, 1863.) . . " * , ,
Wheal James.—This mine, adjacent to the Wheal Hughes, was discovered
prior to, and led to, the finding of the Paramatta, and at one time a great deal of
exploratory work was done. The quantity of ore raised was not remunerative, and
operations ceased. A good opinion is still held respecting this venture, though it
has not been worked for many years. Work to be resumed. . . . . .
Wheal Maria.-This mine is situated 18 miles S.E. from Adelaide. It was
opened as a copper mine about the year 1850, but not being immediately productive
and the prospectors lacking capital, it was abandoned. About the year 1886 it was
re-opened as a silver-lead mine. (See ALMANDA, under SILVER-LEAD.)
Wheal Gold Copper Mine.—This was a speculative venture, situated
N.E. of the Mattapara, taken up in the expectation of discovering a continuation of
the Mattapara lode, and abandoned some years ago. (1874.) . .
Wheal Mixter.—Locality, close to the beach, near Wallaroo. It was worked
by Captain Hughes long before the discovery of the Wallaroo Mine, copper ore
having been picked up freely. The influx of water prevented work being continued.
Wheal Nitschke, -(See NITsch KE.)
wheal Prosper.—(see west CALLington)
COPPER. 61
Wheal Sarah Mine. — Situated in the neighborhood of the Bundaleer
station, near Clare. There are three east and west lodes, with a dip of 75°. They
have been worked a few feet only. The ores are micaceous iron mixed with green
carbonates and sulphurets. The country is hard siliceous white and brown rock with
bands of grey arenaceous slates and brown sandstone, with a dip W. 85° to 90°.
(Selwyn, 1859.) It is stated that specimens of the ore exhibited in Green's Ex-
change in 1858 ran to 50 per cent. for metallic copper.
Wheal Stuart Mine.-Situated about three and a half miles S.S.E. from
Moonta. A quantity of green carbonate ore was found on the surface. A shaft was
sunk eight and a half fathoms, through gossan, steatite, ironstone, and quartz.
(Austin, 1863.) - • * -
Wheal Susan Mine.—Locality, on the eastern plain, near Paralana. There
is a strong lode of ironstone running above the surface for 50 or 60 yards, con-
taining grey copper ore and green carbonate. There is also a good crosscourse
running into the lode. (Austin, 1863.) . . . . . . .
Wheal Turner.—This mine, situated eight miles eastward from Umberatana
Station and six miles south from Yudnamutana, was examined by the Inspector of
Mines in October, 1889. The property consists of six claims, 480 acres. A bold
hill of quartzose rock, rising abruptly from a creek 400ft., shows several copper-
bearing lodes running northerly and easterly. In No. 1 shaft (50ft.) a large lode
of excellent copper is disclosed, and No. 2 (16ft.) shows a kindly formation, good
walls, and a fair percentage of copper in rich veins. Other good prospects on the
property have not been opened up much, but prove that there is a large extent of cup-
riferous country. The difficulty in working this mine is its distance from a railway,
so that the ores require dressing to a high percentage for transit. Mr. Barrett, the
secretary, furnished (April, 1890) the following particulars:— -
There are eight lodes upon the property, varying in width from 4ft. to 20ft., and four shafts have
been sunk, following the dip of the lode, the greatest depth reached being 54ft. The ore consists of
green carbonate, azurite, copper glance, grey ore, and red oxide, the matrix being quartz and iron,
and the country is sandstone and clay slate. The bulk average assay shows 25 per cent. copper, from
hand-dressed ore; and the mine, which has a satisfactory prospect, is as yet only in its infancy.
The Inspector examined the mine in October, 1890, and reported that a shallow
pit had been sunk on a large lode in the N.E. section, from which carbonate of
copper had been taken, the enclosing strata consisting of micaceous schist and sand-
stone. The main workings were half way up a high rugged hill, which exhibited
an immense outcrop of quartzite veins, and bunches of very rich carbonate and
cuprite ore penetrated for a long distance along its course. Several shallow shafts
had been sunk on the footwall of the lode, the deepest being only 54ft. All the open
workings and pits examined showed payable ore. A spur vein, sunk upon 8ft.,
carried some very good ore, covered with soft calcareous clay. West of main work-
ings is a large outcrop of earthy iron ore, which should be tested for silver. On the
N.W., section there is an outcrop of calcspar, in which is carbonate of copper. The
Government Geologist examined this mine in 1893 and described the workings. He
stated that places were shown in the cuttings or stopes where bunches of rich copper
ore, namely, grey and red oxide, carbonate, and chloride, had been extracted, and
that there was every indication of a good lode existing below. Fine gold was visible
in the gossan. There is in the claim an ironstone blow, apparently a lode outcrop,
and quartz reefs. Up to date little work had been done beyond stoping out the ore
in sight on the surface and driving tunnels. An auriferous mullocky formation is in
No. 2 tunnel, and the kaolin and iron ore veins are similar to the rich auriferous
veins worked on the Echunga Goldfields. The property should be more thoroughly
prospected. . -- . . . . . . . . . . ; -
Whyte Park Mine.—Locality, forest reserve, Wirrabara. Prospecting has
been done by means of three shafts, two winzes, and two drives. Copper ore of poor
quality has been found, in conjunction with calcite. Quite as much testing has been
done as the indications and locality warrant. (Inspector of Mines.) .
62 MINING RECORDs.
wilkawat Mine.—(See NavyAPFA.)
Williams' and Roberts' Leases.—Locality, 16 miles N.W. from Blin-
man. Official return six months, end of 1898, showed 22 tons raised, averaging
14 per cent for copper. Deepest shaft, 18ft., and an open cut.
Wilpena Copper and Silver Show.—Situated on the Wilpena run,
Hawker district. The Inspector of Mines (1890) reported that from a winze ore
was being raised worth 62 per cent, for metallic copper; rich black oxide was being
obtained, and the lode was widening as depth was reached. In the issue of the
Mining Journal of May 7th, 1898, the statement is made that “an argentiferous
copper-bearing lode, 14ft. to 20ft. wide, has been opened up for over 100ft. in
length. Quartz stringers cut through all the lodes in this locality, and the ore carries
good gold values.” -
wilpena and Arkaby Syndicate—Holding four mineral claims—two
in the hundred of Moralina and two on the Wilpena run. . . , ''
Willigun Hill Mine.-Locality, adjoining the Stanley Mine, two miles
south from Mount MacDonald. It has an area of 320 acres. On the S.W. por-
tion a shaft has been sunk 30ft. (said the Inspector, 2/10/90) on the footwall of a
very large lode of ferruginous quartzite, and good copper obtained. Strike of lode
90°, with a dip S. The enclosing strata consist of indurated slates and sandstone.
It is a good mineral property, and should have adequate capital for development.
Willouran Mine.—Situated 14 miles S.W. from Hergott, and about five miles
north from Willouran Hill. This mine was opened about the year 1880, and 100 tons
of copper ore was raised and sent away, the average produce being 24 per cent.
of fine copper. The ore is very ferruginous, and is combined with oxides and
oxychlorides of copper. . The lode is traceable along the range for a distance of four
miles, and ore has been found, with a few slight breaks, for several miles further. A
shaft was sunk to a depth of 50ft., and a drive was put in for about 100ft. on the
course of the lode. Nodules, apparently of iron, are found on the surface, but, when
broken, the iron is found to be but a thin coating, the bulk of the stone being grey
oxide of copper of 35 or 40 per cent. The district further north, beyond the
“Dome,” contains other rich deposits of copper, (Austin.) s
windittie Mine.—Section 2115, hundred of Mann, Franklin Harbor District.
Wiperaminga Mine.—Situated near Boolcoomata, 43 miles N.E. of Manna-
hill. Two or three shafts and open cuttings have been made on quartzite reefs,
stained with blue and green carbonate of copper. The quartzite and micaceous
schists and slates are penetrated by coarse granite dykes. This mine has been aban-
doned for some time, and, as far as can be judged, no defined lode has been found.
(1885.) . - - -
Wirrawilka Mine.—This property is situated 14 miles east from Hawker,
and about two miles north from Mount Plantagenet. The rocks of the country
seem principally to consist of metamorphic slates and limestone. Some irregular
workings in the limestone appear, from specimens left on the ground, to have
yielded some very good ore, grey oxide of copper enclosed in concretionary
masses of green carbonate. The ore appears to occur in pockets, as there is no
evidence of a lode crossing the limestone. The limestone is hard, sometimes coarsely
crystalline, and is coated with green carbonate, and shows abundant joints and
crevices. Another batch of workings consists of one deep and four shallow shafts,
sunk in line, over a length of three chains. The ore deposit here is a contact lode,
bearing a great resemblance to that of the Yudnamutana Mine. It runs at a strike
of N. 150° E., with apparently a steep westerly dip, within the boundary of a strong
dyke of diorite greenstone and chloritic and micaceous slates; these near the surface
COPPER. - - 63
are very soft and friable. The copper ore raised appears to have been green car-
bonate, rarely associated with grey oxide of copper. From masses lying near the
shafts, it would seem as if micaceous iron ore, calcite, and lode slate were the
nearly exclusive occupants of the lode fissure, and that the copper ore occurred very
sparingly through them. A mineral, abundant in the spoil heap of the deepest shaft,
of lavender-blue color and fibrous texture, proved to be the rare species of crocidolite
or blue asbestos. (Ulrich, 1872.) - :
Wombat Copper Mine.—This is situated near Kadina, and was discovered
through a wombat hole exhibiting carbonate ore. It was eventually incorporated
with the Wallaroo Mine property. (See HoME MINE.) -
Woodloomoolka.-Situated in the neighborhood of Mount Jacob, 64 miles
east from Leigh's Creek Railway Station. A lode of copper ore has been traced and
prospected for some distance by holes from 10ft. to 15ft. deep. The lode formation
is from 3ft. to 4ft. thick, and rich veins of copper glance have been exposed. Two
miles northwards several shallow pits have been sunk. In one of these, at a depth
of 8ft. or 10ft. in a well-defined lode formation, a vein of rich copper ore is exposed,
which is worth sinking on. (1884-5.) - -
Woodnamooka.-The Inspector of Mines describes this as one of a series of
mineral claims in the neighborhood of Wooltana Station, showing a bold outcrop
carrying low-grade copper. It is such a show as may be frequently met with in the
Flinders Range, but the prospect is not sufficiently encouraging to warrant further
outlay. (1889.) - - . . .
- Worthing Mine.—This is situated near Morphett Vale, 16 miles south from
Adelaide. This mine has been abandoned for many years, owing to the hardness of
the ground, and because the ore was not found in payable quantities. The lode strikes
east and west, and contains quartz, iron, and copper pyrites. The rocks are clayslate.
There are several shafts, and the pumps are still in the mine A report reached
London in 1859 that the ore from this mine averaged 15 per cent, for copper, and
rich carbonates and good black and yellow ore were in the mine.
Wyacca Mine.—Locality, section 1, hundred of Basedow, about eight miles
S.W. from the Blinman Mine. It was worked until 1867. The Government
Geologist reported upon this property in 1896, stating that several shafts had
been sunk and cuttings made over a considerable area and on various veins of ore.
Workings had been recently resumed, and in an underlie shaft a vein of rich copper
ore was being stoped out, its thickness being from lin. to 8in.; but the footwall was
well defined, and gave indications of permanency of the vein. The lode underlies
60° to 70° N., and strikes W.S.W. The ore, which is associated with carbonate
of iron, calcspar, &c., consists of rich sulphides and oxides. The underlie shaft
should be sunk to a greater depth. At the old abandoned workings in the vicinity
there are evidences of copper ore having been raised from veins of considerable size
in connection with calcareous and siliceous outcrops. The bed rocks consist of
clayslates, claystone, calcareous clayslates, limestone, quartzite, sandstone, &c. A
statement was recently published by the Mining Journal to the effect that after
several months' sinking a rich body of ore had been struck, which gave high assays
of three metals. - - . . . . - *
The Government Geologist, in February, 1899, again reported upon this mine, .
stating that the underlie shaft, 145ft, was connected with a vertical shaft, 120ft., by
a crosscut 40ft. long. The walls of the lode are smooth and true, and about 4ft.
apart, the copper-bearing portion being on the hanging-wall. In the western end of
the level it is 2ft. 2in. thick, and in the eastern end 4in. ; between the two points it
varies from lift. 6in. to 2ft. The veinstone consists of spathic iron and calespar
richly impregnated with copper pyrites, erubescite, and occasionally oxides. A small
parallel vein accompanies the main lode, about 8ft. or 10ft. distant. Drives on the
lode at present depth would probably lead to the discovery of payable deposits of
64 MINING RECORDS.
ore, and the lode appears likely to continue to a considerable depth. The inclined
shaft should be continued, and drives on the course of the lode should also be put
in at a deeper level. In that way the mine could be economically developed. A
sample taken from the veinstone assayed 26; per cent. for copper, fine tailings 144
per cent., and veinstone from the bottom of the shaft 10+ per cent. About 1,000ft.
away S. 14° E. another shaft has been sunk on the lode formation of considerable
width in places, with a good footwall. Bunches of good copper ore occur in a
ferruginous and calcareous lode, striking N. 85° E., and dipping north 56°. The
shafts are 40ft. and 60ft. deep respectively, and copper ore has been traced 600ft.
along the strike. There should be deeper sinking and crosscuts to prospect this lode.
Yalpoodnie Mine.—Situated in the neighborhood of Franklin Harbor. One
shaft was sunk to about 20 fathoms, but no work has been done upon the mine for
many years. - t - :
Yattagolinga Copper and Lead Mine. —There are lodes in a cliff at
Rapid Bay, 3ft. to 6ft. in width. About 10 tons of ore raised per month. (Dutton,
1846.) [See also under “SILVER,” Phillips's Mine.
Yedia Mine.—This is one of the Yudnamutana group of mines. A fine
regular lode is visible for nearly 300yds., running S.E. by E. There are also two
secondary lodes running parallel to the main lode.
Yelta Copper Mine.—Formerly, for some years, worked with success, and
at present comprised in the Moonta Mine properties. In 1891 the Inspector of Mines
examined this property, which he described as adjacent to Moonta Mine, on its
northern side, and comprising seven 80-acre sections. The mine being full of water,
he was indebted to Captains R. Cowling and Nancarrow for information. The trial
shaft had been sunk 156ft. on the course of the middle lode, within a few chains of
the Moonta boundary. The lode was well defined, and had yielded small quantities of
rich ore. At a short distance north Scott's shaft had been sunk 338ft. on the course
of Wearing's lode. This shaft was started about 1864, and hundreds of tons of ore
had been hauled from it during the 10 or 12 years of its continuous working. Close
to Scott's is the old working shaft known as Wearing's, used for ventilation. Hughes'
shaft had been sunk at about 600ft. north of Scott's to a depth of 180ft., for the most
part on the course of the lode. Good ore in fair quantity had been raised from these
workings. East of Hughes' a shaft had been put down 240ft. on Hancock's lode;
and Lindsay’s shaft was sunk to a depth of 60ft., a short distance north of the last-
mentioned sinking, but was then discontinued owing to the inflow of water. N.E.
Wright's shaft was put down 540ft., 90ft. vertical, the remainder following the dip
of the lode. Chamber's shaft was sunk 180ft., and the Office shaft 420ft., and holed
to Wright's at different levels. The Tank shaft had been sunk 240ft.; and Tuxford's
240ft., 60ft. vertical, and then following the dip of the lode; and Wyley’s shaft 90ft.,
the latter being discontinued because of the influx of water. The ore from Wright's
and adjoining shafts is refractory, consisting of magnetite and chalcopyrite, which
cannot be dressed by ordinary treatment; but thousands of tons were ready for
stoping. The mine was, in the opinion of the Inspector, worthy of being vigorously
worked, as the Moonta Mine lodes should pass through the property. It is stated
that the mine has been acquired by English capitalists; and arrangements are now in
progress for forking the water and carrying on the workings.
Yongala Copper Prospect.--Situation, half a mile east of Yongala town-
ship. An area of 40 acres was taken up in 1894, on the strength of a sample assaying
47 per cent for copper, 9ozs. of silver, and a trace of gold.
Yootoomookina Mine.—Situated 16 miles east from Blinman. It has a north
and south lode of copper traceable for nearly a mile. It is about 5ft. wide, carrying
good ore 15in. thick. The underlie is west about 1ſt. in the fathom. (Austin, 1863.)
COPPER, -- 65
Yorke Peninsula Consols.--This company was formed to prospect claims
on four sections adjoining the Vulcan Mine, about six miles S.E. from the Wallaroo
Mine. (1873.) *
Young’s Claims.-Locality, near Pernatty Lagoon, 90 miles N.N.W. of
Port Auguata. Work just commencing. - -
Yudnamutana Mines.—This copper venture is situated about 168 miles'
N.E. from Port Augusta and about 60 miles S.E. from Farina. A feature of great geo-
logical interest in this district is the presence of an intrusive rock—a peculiar kind of
greenstone—with metamorphic concomitants of great variety of texture and mineral
character. The chief and most developed ore deposit is a so-called “contact lode.”
It runs within the boundary of the intrusive rock on the east and the accompanying
metamorphic schists on the west, lying in places between the two or traversing one,
sometimes the other, rock in its course. Its mean strike is N. 10° W. and its dip
eastward at 70° to 80°, whilst the metamorphic rocks adjoining strike N. 40° to 45°
W. and dip south-westerly at 60° to 70°. The lode seems to have varied from 2ft.
to 15ft. in thickness, and has been traced southward, from the top of the hill, to close
upon 20 chains in length. At the furthest point south a vertical shaft has been sunk
about 50ft. deep. The ore produced from this was very poor, consisting of brown
jaspery quartz, full of veins and patches of micaceous iron and ochrey-brown iron
ore, with many scattered green stains and coatings in hollows and joints. Nine
chains northward from this shaft is a whim shaft, sunk beneath the water Revel. Ore
raised from this shows for the greater part a kind of breccia, composed of brown
jaspery-looking ferruginous limestone, brown iron ore, and chrysocolla, associated
with malachite and occasionally azurite. Of sulphide ore no traces were observable.
Besides fine pieces of malachite and chrysocolla there were some smaller ones of
reddish-grey oxide, which would indicate that the ore from this portion of the lode
was of very good quality. From an excavation on top of the hill a large quantity of
rich ore—silicate, carbonates, and oxides of copper—was obtained. The western
wall of this pit consists of metamorphic slates striking N.W. and dipping S.W. at
65°; the eastern one of massive greenstone, showing here and there small protruding
bosses of a syenitic character. The lode shows in the northern face of the pit, but
is thin and apparently very poor, and continues so on the surface. In open work-
ings and in a tunnel close by the ore was of a similar character. Judging from the
appearance of the district there is no reason why gold should not exist and be found,
both in the reefs and the creeks, if properly prospected for. (Ulrich, 1872.) [See
under “GoI.D.”] The Inspector of Mines examined this property in 1890, and
described it as situated about five miles west from the Sir Dominick Mine. A great
deal of work had been done, and most of the old workings had fallen in, so that an
underground examination was impossible; but from general features observable the
property should be worth opening up.
The following list comprises a number of prospects, claims, and mines which were
worked to a greater or less extent, and some of them very early in the history of this
Province, but respecting which little (if any) information is obtainable:–
ALI, NATIONS MINE.-Situated near the Burra Burra Copper Mine; worked by a
Melbourne company about 1867.
ANSTEY’s MINE (Mukurta), Highercombe, near Adelaide.—The ore existed in
bunches in a gossany lode 2ft. to 4ft. wide, and was being worked in 1846.
BALAKLAVA NoFTH.—Wound up voluntarily.
BARossa CoPPER MENE.-Situated 22 miles N.E. from Adelaide; at one time
held by the Royal Mining Company. ‘. . . . . .
E.
66 . MINING RECORDS.
Bewiſey MINE.—Situated west of Waukaringa.
Black Mania—Locality, one mile south from Boolcoomata Station.
. Black Nob, Arkaba. —Area held, 160 acres. -
Burst PUssy Claſs-section 200, hundred of Coglin.
CALEpoRIA, near Hawker.--Area, eleven 40-acre blocks.
CATARPo MINE.—Situated 100 miles N.H.E. from Adelaide.
Ducer's SLIDING Rock—Two mineral claims adjoining the old Sliding Rock
Mine. - - .
Dolly St. BEATRice.—Leigh's Creek.
EAST PARI NGA.—Near the Paringa Mine, Callington district.
ELATINA MINE-Situated S.W. from Mount Emily.
Euchre Pack—Seven mineral claims, each 80 acres, adjoining the Callana, 14
miles from Hergott. - -
FINNIss.-Situation, four miles from Finniss Railway Station, where a discovery
of malleable copper was made in July, 1869.
- Flaxman's VALLEY MINE-Situate 88 miles N.E. from Adelaide.
FROME Copper MINING SYNDICATE-Three mineral leases, situate three miles
south of Allioota, on the Angipena sheeprun, near Beltana. -,
GRAND JUNCTION MINE.—Situated 45 miles N.E. from Adelaide; worked in
1867. . . . . . -
Great Bradford Mise-situated four and a half miles from Finniss Flat ;
has been abandoned for many years.
HALLETT's MINE.-Situated within two miles from Reynella; has remained un-
worked many years. . - r -
HAM Ley ExtENDED.—Situated near Moonta.
Haar's MINE.-Situated south of Ardrossan.
Horseshoe VENTURE.-Situated on the Onkaparinga river.
Maori, Mixe–opened in 1846, and worked a short time.
MARY CoPPER MINE.—Locality, 20 miles N.E. from Olary.
Mooroolre MINE,-Locality unknown; the mine stood in the share list of 1869.
. Morrier's MIN E-Situated 51 miles N.E. from Adelaide; worked about 1867.
Monrock's Miss —Situated near the Burrawing, Tumby Bay.
Mount Bourse Mine-A prospecting venture on Yorke Peninsula.
MoUNT Lofty CoPPER MINING SYNDICATE.-Prospectors held an area of 80
acres, taken up for mining. w .
Musgrave MINE.—This was a prospecting venture adjoining the Moonta Consols.
Murooroo Extended Syndicate.--Held a properly adjoining the Mutooroo
Copper Mine.
Murooroo WEST-Near the Mutooroo ; said to have a strong pyritous lode worth
thorough prospecting. r -- . . . - . . . . .
COPPER. 67
Murooroo Copper AND SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—Went into liquidation in
June, 1895. - - - - . . . . . .
NEw GAwLER.—An unsuccessful venture of the Yorke Peninsula Prospecting
Company. • - .
NEW HECLA Corres MINING SYNDICATE.—Locality, North Rhine.
NEW WALLARoo.—A Yorke Peninsula prospecting venture.
NIL Despreanoux—The share list of 1869 quotes this as a working mine. -
North Australias—quoted in the newspapers of 1869; locality not known.
North Bal TAIN.—Locality, north of Port Wallaroo.
- - North DEvoN.—A discovery of a lode near Kadina; the working was limited to
costeaning, and then ceased. . - .
NoFTH-EAST Door A.—Situated near to the Doora Mine.
ORATTA.—Locality unknown; the name appears in the share lists of 30 years ago. -
PINE HUT MINE.—Situated 50 miles N.E. from Adelaide. -
PRINCE ALBERT Copper MINE.—Near Moonta. -
PRINCE ALBERT's MINE.—Locality, nine miles E.N.E. from Adelaide.
Roy AL MINE,-An unsuccessful mining venture in the Moonta district.
SHEAoAK Log.—An old copper mine was worked, situated about three and a half
miles E.S.E. from this place.
SouTH-EAST MoonTA —Locality, near the Moonta Mines.
SouTH HAMLEY. — Adjoining the Hamley Mine.
South KURILLA.—A prospecting venture of not much value.
STANDARD MINE.-Another Yorke Peni sula prospecting venture, long ago lost
sight of. -
SoD HUT MINE.—A venture of like character.
TERRY's SHow.—Situated 12 miles S.W. from Hergott,
TRINITY MINE,-On section 18357, east from Mutooroo.
ToRRENs River MINE,-A copper venture on section 5536.
TRINITY Coppe R MINE —Locality, adjoining the Mutooroo Mine.
Victonia MINE-Locality, near Moonta.
WARRAKIM Bo MINE-Situated N.W. of Kanyaka. *
WAUKALoo MINE.—Situated seven miles N.E. from the Boolcoomata Mine.
WHEAL ALFRED.—Situated 10 miles E.S.E. from Keyneton.
WHEAL BEssIE.—Near the Port Lincoln Syndicate's workings,
WHEAL HARMony.--Situated 25 miles east from Adelaide.
wireal, Mary MINE –Locality, 25 miles E.S.E. from Adelaide; worked in 1864.
WHEAL VIRGIN.—Situated S.W. from Davenport Siding. -
Wheat WILLIAM,-Situated 10 miles E.S.E. from Keyneton,
68 MINING RECORDS.
WILLow CorpER MINING Szºpicate—Six mineral blocks, having an area of
480 acres, were held by this syndicate at Cradock, hundred of Yednalue. -
WILLow CREEK Mine.—Situated north of the Napoleon Mine.
WongA WongA.—Situated 25 miles E.S.E. from Adelaide.
The subjoined list is from the official return made of the copper mines which were
in existence in 1869:-- . - . . . . .
Adelaide, Bon Accord, *Bremer Mines, *Burra Burra, *Blinman, *Burrawing,
*Catarpo, Euko, *Daly and Stanley, Dominick, *Hamley, *Kanmantoo, *Kanmantoo
West, Kanyaka, *Kapunda North, *Kapunda South, Karkulto, Kinevan, Kanappa,
Matta Matta, *Moonta, Mount Chambers, Mount Deception, Mount Emily, Mount
McKinlay, Mount Rose, Mount Samuel, Murninnie, *Mount Lyndhurst and Burr,
*Mattawarrangala, *Moojoolee, Napoleon, *New Cornwall, North Rhine, *North
Yelta, North Wandilta, Nuccaleena, *North-East Moonta, Ooraldana, *Poona,
Preamimma, *Paramatta, *Prince Alfred, *Reedy Creek, *Spring Creek, Strath-
albyn, “South Wombat, Two Brothers, *Wandilta, *Wallaroo Mines, Welcome,
*Wheal James, *Wheal Hughes, Wirrawilka, Wonga Wonga, Wyacca, Windiddie,
*Yelta, *Yudanamutana, and *Yorke Peninsula Mining Company.
Note—Where an asterisk * is prefixed the mine was at work in 1869.
SILVER-LEAD. 69
S |LVER - LEAD,
Aclare Mine.—Situated on section 1296, in the hundreds of Kanmantoo and
Strathalbyn, and three miles from Callington Railway Station. The property com-
prises 269 acres of mineral freehold, and is watered by the Mount Barker and Nairne
creeks. There are nine lodes disclosed in this mine at the present time bearing
N. 10° E., with an easterly underlie of 23ft. in the fathom ; their width varying from
1 ft. to 36ft. On the surface the ore consists of carbonate of lead and at depth
carries gold, silver, nickel, lead, zinc, antimony, iron, and sulphur; and to a depth of
25ft. the carbonate yielded 50 per cent. of lead and 90ozs. of silver to the ton. Some
recent shipments of ore sent to Europe averaged 520zs, silver; and the average per-
centage of the ore was, from near the surface, lead, 50 per cent., silver, 90ozs. ; from
30ft. to 114ft., a little lead, about 40 per cent. of zinc, and silver varying from 600Zs.
to 30207s. The veinstone associated with the metallic minerals is principally silica.
The value of the ore was variable, but some realised £19 per ton in London. The
ore occurs in shoots of carbonates or sulphides, striking southerly at an angle of 30°
east. There are five shafts on the main workings, the deepest of which is 30 fathoms,
or 180ft. Seven drives have been put in to the following distances:—52 fathoms,
35 fathoms, 30 fathoms, 16 fathoms, 11 fathoms, 6 fathoms, and 3 fathoms, a total
of 153 fathoms, or 918ft. Besides the main workings an adit has been driven for
312ft. to cut the main lode, but no ore was obtained. Other adits have been driven
and shafts sunk, but nothing payable was met with outside the main workings.
This mine was the property of, and was worked for years by, Mr. F. C. Singleton,
who furnished, in 1887, the foregoing information. The Inspector of Mines, report-
ing upon it in 1879, when not worked, said that the surface portion had not suffered
much decomposition, so that carbonate and oxide ores are scarce, and sulphides are
found very near the surface. It is a true fissure vein, and increases gradually in
width downwards. In the west end of the 120ft. level there is a solid body of ore
7ft. wide, whilst the foot and hanging wall workings show the foundation to be very
much wider. Two or three other of the five shafts all disclose the permanency of
the lode, and its uniform ore-bearing character. The ore in its present state would
be refractory, but the zinc would pay well for extraction. At a subsequent visit, as
stated by the Inspector, 1 cwt. of samples taken from across the face of the lode at
the 120ft, level returned 6 per cent, of lead, 35 per cent, of zinc, and 32Ozs. 13dwts.
8grs, silver per ton. That gentleman expressed his conviction that the Aclare Mine
is undoubtedly a good one ; and since the resumption of working an important im-
provement, greatly enhancing the value of the property, had occurred. A formation
8ft, wide of carbonate ore had been discovered in the hanging wall, which gave on
assay 10 per cent. of lead, 58ozs. silver, and 10Z. 13dwts. of gold per ton, with only
a trace of zinc ; the whole bulk would probably average 50ozs. per ton. Active work
was being carried on at the mine, and other prospects were being opened in the district.
The Aclare Mine had in 1890 become the property of the Kangarilla company, a
proprietary formed in England, by whom it was worked for a year, and not proving
payable, mining ceased. A newspaper correspondent stated in October, 1896, that
permanent lodes of rich silver-bearing ore had been proved to a considerable depth,
but the ore was refractory, carrying gold, antimony, zinc, and other metals, besides
silver.
Aclare North Mine.—This property adjoins the Aclare Mine, and a good
deal of work was done in sinking trial shafts and driving a tunnel on the course of
a not very productive lode outcropping in a hill by the side of a creek. It has been
regarded as a promising prospect. -
Adelaide Beltana Blocks Silver Mining Syndicate.—Area and
locality of property: eight mineral claims, containing each 80 acres, immediately
north of and adjoining Beltana North and Winnowie Consolidated, and about five
chains from the Ediacara claims, near Beltana.
70 MINING RECORDS.
Albert Mine.—(See PRINCE ALBERT.)
Almanda Mine.—Situated about 18 miles S.E. from Adelaide. It was opened
in 1850 and worked as a copper mine, but not being productive at a shallow depth,
work ceased. In 1866 the mine was examined, and from assays made of some stones
left on the surface it was found to be poor in copper but rich in silver. Seven
samples assayed gave from 440zs. to 1 150zs, of silver to the ton of ore ; five other
samples yielded from 25ozs. to 750zs, of silver to the ton; and three samples assayed
elsewhere gave from 300Zs. to 750zs, of silver per ton. In 1868, a mineral claim
(No. 2759) was taken out by a few persons, and 4 tons 8cwts, of ore, crushed in a
Chilian mill in June, yielded about 28ozs. to the ton. Later on amalgamating pans
were tried, and by this process some 6,000ozs. of silver were produced. In 1870 fresh
assays from various parts of the mine were made, and yielded results of from 570Zs.
to 660Zs, silver to the ton, and about 5 per cent. of copper. At a depth of 16 fathoms
in the engine shaft the lode assumed a hard character and contained barytes, quartz,
silver ore, arsenic, &c. In 1877 the engine shaft was sunk to a depth of 21 fathoms,
and assays from stone raised gave—silver, from 88ozs, to 1630zs. per ton; gold,
1oz. 13dwts. perton; copper, from 7% per cent, to 16 per cent. ; and from the western
drive, off the engine shaft, 40ozs. of silver to the ton, and 4% per cent. of copper. In
1881 the winze in Ey's tunnel was sunk to a depth of 76 fathoms, but the water
came in too strongly to be kept under by hand labor. Assays gave 17ozs. silver to
the ton, and 16dwts, 8grs. of gold. The workings consist of two shafts of 21 fathoms
and 16 fathoms, and a winze in Ey's tunnel, sunk to a dépth of 76 fathoms. There
are also two tunnels of 40 fathoms and 20 fathoms each, a dam, various buildings,
and a furnace. The mine is not being worked. . . .
Artepena Black Hill Mine.—Situated two and a half miles N.W., from
Artepena Trig. Station, and a mile south from Irvine's Lookout. The Inspector of
Mines reported in 1892 that the ground held by Payne and Bowden comprised two
80-acre sections, and that the southern part of the property exhibits ferruginous
slate and limestone ridges like ironstone outcrops lying in regular terraces to the
tops of the hills. No work had been done, but it was alleged that 2% ozs. of silver
per ton had been got from surface samples. Worth prospecting. - ,”
Avondale Silver-Lead Mine.—Situated about two miles S.W. from
Mount Lyndhurst, and 15 miles from the railway station. Area—Five mineral
sections of 80 acres each, in which four or more well-defined parallel lodes of almost
pure galena, without any vein stuff, traverse the strike at right angles, of jointed
and cloven beds of quartzite, argillaceous slaty shale, and schist. Only two have
been worked. The lodes vary in width from a few inches to over 2ft. (later reports
give the width as 3ft, to 5ft.); they strike north and south (magnetic) with a high
westerly dip. A shaft has been sunk to a depth of 100ft., and the galena is still
visible in quantity, both in the shaft and in the outcroppings along the surface.
Assays of five samples of ore from this mine were some time ago made by the
Government Assayer, and the results read as follows:—
No. 1 . . . . . . . . 77 per cent, lead, and 5ozs. 14dwts. 8grs. silver per ton.
No. 2 . . . . . . . . 73 per cent, lead, and 4ozs. 18dwt.s. silver per ton.
No. 3 (gossan). 21 per cent, lead, and 7ozs. 7dwts. silver per ton.
No. 4 . . . . . . . . 67 per cent, lead, and 4ozs. 14dwts. 7grs. silver per ton.
No. 5 . . . . . . . . 72 per cent. lead, and 8ozs. I gr. silver per ton.
The ore is easily raised, and a large quantity was sent to London, but the results
were not considered payable. T. A. Masey, Esq. (1890) furnished the following
particulars:–Several hundred tons of galena, assaying from 50 to 75 per cent. of
lead and from 9ozs. to 12ozs. or 15ozs. of silver to the ton, have been raised. The mine
was worked some time back, and presumably profitably, and has now again been
taken up with the view of being vigorously developed, as the ore could be sold at a
profit as a flux to the smelting works. Several tons of ore are being forwarded to
England for treatment under a new alkaline reduction process. The ore showing in
one of the lodes at about 15ft. from the surface would yield 4 tons of 75 per cent.
SILVER-LEAD, . 71
galena to the fathom, and would require very little dressing. The Inspector of Mines
reported in 1890 that an underlie shaft had been sunk 70ft. on small veins of galena
of uncertain character, striking north and south, with a sharp dip westerly. Some
stoping had been done, and some shallow holes sunk near to each other and to the
underlie, from which a considerable quantity of ore had been raised. There are
several outcrops that have the appearance of being caps of lodes. In 1892 he gave
another report after an inspection ; at that date very little work had been done in the
previous two years. There should be further prospecting.
Baratta Mine.—Situated near the Baratta Springs, about 10 miles west from
Eukaby. At the time of the Government Geologist's examination (1888) a shaft was
being sunk to prospect an outcrop of brown iron ore and ferruginous strata near the
junction of a mass of crystalline limestone with kaolinised slates. Samples of the
surface ore were said to have yielded good silver assays. He was of opinion, from
the nature of the outcrop, that a lode containing silver was not likely to be found.
At a later period the ſnspector of Mines reported that there were several iron
“blows” at the foot of a big hill, improperly supposed to be the outcrop of a lode.
Two shafts had been sunk, and a crosscut put in, but nothing of value was found.
The further expenditure of capital in mining upon this place, he said, would be sheer
waste. (1889.) No work done for years past. -
Barritt’s Mine.—Situated about a mile and a half from Normanville. The
lode was found to run east and west, and was about 12in. wide, underlying north,
about 3ft. in 40ft. The silver-lead was in yellowish clay, and the ore contained about
60 per cent. of lead, and from 3ozs. to 5ozs, of silver to the ton. About 25 tons of
ore was raised when first the mine was worked. It has been worked in later years
by various people, but there are no available records of results. The ore was valued
at £10 per ton in London, but the buyers complained of the way in which it had
been dressed. One shaft was put down to a depth of 70ft., but the water level was
not reached. A drive of about 8 fathoms was put in. The ore occurred in blocks of
almost pure galena, weighing as much as 2cwts. each, also in large crevices and in
loose rocks. The lode ran from the surface to the bottom of the shaft. (1887.)
Basham’s.—The Inspector of Mines reported upon this property in September,
1890; it is situated at Port Elliot, and two shafts had been sunk, one of which had
fallen in ; the other was 40ft. deep. There are boulders of ferruginous sandstone,
covered by a layer of limestone, which had been mistaken for a lode, but samples
gave no return of silver. -
Basham’s Prospect.—An iron “blow" outcropping through the alluvial on
Basham's property, close to Port Elliot, formerly quarried for road metal, showed
silver and copper, The Inspector of Mines expressed the opinion that the junction
of the granite with the clayslate being a favoring circumstance, there was encourage-
ment to prospect the locality. Assays of samples he took from the ground gave
4ozs. 9dwts. of silver to the ton, (1889.)
Beltana. Broken Hill (Warrioota).-This mine is situated near Randell’s
Lookout, Beltana. The workings at the time of the visit of the Government Geologist
(April, 1888) included a tunnel driven 60ft, through kaolinised slate and sandstone.
There was no lode visible, but segregations of ore were found embedded in the rock.
There was an outcrop containing gypsum and manganese, and iron “blows” oecurred
in the same class of rock. Though a lode had not been found, yet larger deposits
might occur and might furnish means of discovering one. Two average samples taken
from the tunnel yielded silver to the extent of 20zs, 18qwts. 193rs. per ton, with 41
and 32% per cent. of lead; and a sample procured by the manager gave 3ozs. 15dwts.
3grs, of silver per ton and 47 per cent, of lead, with a trace of gold. Previous to
this there was a report of the existence of a lode 60ft. wide, the ore from which had
given high assays, but this report was not verified when the mine was worked,
neither was rich ere discovered. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72 - MINING RECORDS.
Beltana Comstock Silver-Lead Mining Company. — Locality,
Mount Serle Run, near Beltana; area, 200 acres. On the surface there is an outcrop
of galena, and there are other galena lodes in the locality.
Beltana Edith.-Four mineral claims, four and a half miles west from Beltana
township. Shafts were sunk in soft slates and sandstones near an iron outcrop, and
near an old shaft showing stains of copper ore. - - -
Beltana North.-At the time of the visit of the Government Geologist, in
April, 1888, costeaning was being done to a small extent in hard crystalline lime-
stone, in which a few specks of galena were occasionally seen. At a more recent
period the Inspector of Mines examined the property, and found that an endeavor
was being made to cut the Ediacara lode, and he was of opinion that the vertical
shaft put down must have passed through it and into the footwall. The course of
the lode is W. 10° S., and the dip S. 20° E. He considered that the prospects of
the Ediacara Mine justified prospecting on this property. (1889.) .
Big Hill.—This mine is situated two and a half miles from the Great Gladstone
Silver Mine, and contains a lode of brecciated gossan and iron ore of considerable
width, cutting across horizontal clay and calcareous slates. The prospectors reported
good assay results, but the samples taken by the Government Geologist returned
neither silver nor gold. (1888.) - -
Brady’s Hope Syndicate.—The Inspector of Mines reported in 1890 that
there was a small gossany iron lode embedded in a calcareous formation in the claims
held by this syndicate. The Assayer failed to find any trace of silver or gold in the
samples submitted, though the lode looks favorable for these metals. - -
Broken Hill Silver Syndicate. —In 1896 a syndicate commenced pro-
specting near Hawker in an ironstone and galena formation. They struck a 20ft.
wide body of iron ore, which carried lead and gossan, which the prospectors expected
to assay well. - - . -
Bugle Ranges.—In a locality five miles east from Macclesfield and six miles
south of Mount Barker, a mine was found to yield silver, but not to any great extent.
Very little work was done upon it. (1887.) * -. - .
Buttamuk Mine.---Mineral lease of 80 acres, hundred of Coglin, has a
strong iron lode in a creek, carrying oxide of iron and large bunches of micaceous
iron, from which encouraging assays for silver are said to have been obtained. To
prove the lode in settled country a shaft 105ft, deep has been sunk, and from the
bottom a drive west 26ft. has passed through the footwall of the lode, which runs
N.E. and S.W., underlying S.E. The country rock is decomposed, and further sinking
is required to prove the value of the sulphides. There is also another iron oxide lode
in the property, carrying a small percentage of mundic. Government assay of
samples taken showed in siliceous ironstone 4grs. gold to the ton, and from ferru-
ginous quartz 3dwts. of gold to the ton. Further sinking necessary. The Inspector
of Mines reported in 1891 that prospects were not encouraging, no settled country
having been met with. The sinking has been through a sedimentary deposit, and
micaceous iron was the only mineral present. . -
Campbell’s Creek Mine.—This property is situated about two miles east
from Cape Jervis. Lead has been found on the property, but no payable lode cut.
The ore found was good, but was not in payable quantities. (Austin, 1863.) It sub-
sequently became a part of the Talisker property. (See TALISKER.) - -
Campbell silver Proprietary Company. – Area and locality, 640
acres, situated at Bundaleer.
SILVER-LEAD. - 73
Carrieton, Eurelia, Orroroo, Black Rock, Coomooroo, Wal-
loway, McGee Springs, McCulloch, Eurilpa. — Several localities
near these townships were inspected by the Government Geologist in July, 1886,
where shallow shafts had been sunk on supposed silver lodes. Assays from some of
these places are stated to have yielded from 4ozs. to 2400Zs, of silver to the ton.
After examination of the supposed ores, however, he was forced to conclude that the
rich samples of ore sent down from the mines for assay were not taken from the
places they were supposed to come from ; or, if so taken, were enriched by the
addition of silver ore or silver. No permanent, continuous, well-defined lode was
seen at any of the claims. In some instances the supposed lodes consisted of bed-
rock alone. :
Centennial Silver Mining Company.—Area and locality, four mineral
claims situate at Trebilcock's Gap, four miles west from Beltana Railway Station. It
is stated that silver, copper, and gold have been found on the property. -
Chambers' Mine. — Locality, 10 miles south of Adelaide. (See BEN
LoMoMD.) .
Cherry Gardens.—It was reported that on section 1059, near Mount
Malvern, hundred of Noarlunga, samples of ore had been raised, yielding up to
28ozs. of silver per ton. The Inspector of Mines made an examination of the locality,
and reported that a small underlie shaft had been sunk to a depth of 17ft. on a
quartz lode, which dipped south. In his opinion the prospect did not give indication
of the presence of gold or silver. The samples he took gave no return of metal.
He did not recommend any further outlay.
Cornelius' Claims.-Locality, Olary. (See OonaRTRA.)
Clarendon.—Some years ago a mine was opened here. There is a brown iron
ore lode dipping S.E. A shaft 40ft. was sunk in clay slate, and there are several other
holes sunk along the cap of the lode. (See GoLD.)
Cockscomb West Silver Mining Company.—Twelve mineral blocks,
containing 960 acres, in the Cockscomb Paddock, Oulnina Run, about six miles from
Winnininnie Railway Station. In 1892 the Inspector of Mines reported that very
little work had been done on the leases, and none within the two years before his
visit.
Coodla Moonda Syndicate.—Locality, the seashore, under Newland's
Head. The place was worked in 1863 on indications of the presence of silver. In
1890 the Inspector of Mines reported that a pit had been sunk in indurated slate to
work a small vein of quartz and galena. He pronounced it to be a small cleavage
vein only, and not worth following. - - .
Copperalinka Silver Mining Syndicate.—Area and locality, two
mineral sections, 14171 and 14172, 160 acres, 16 miles east of the Mannahill Rail-
way Station,
Coromandel Syndicate.—The 20 acres held by this syndicate from the
South Australian Company is situated one mile and a half from Blackwood Railwa
Station. The Inspector of Mines reported in 1890 that a small vertical shaft had
been sunk 34ft., and at that depth a drive had been put in N.W. 20ft., and a winze
sunk in a small clay vein or flucan 36ft. From the bottom of this winze a drive was
carried west 12ft., following a small vein running irregularly through argillaceous
slates, and carrying in patches small nodules of galena. There is no lode, nor any-
thing worth further prospecting; but a better prospect might possibly result from a
search in some other portion of the property. . . . . . . .
74 MINING RECORDS.
Cumanilla Mine.—(See CHERRY GARDENs.) A shaft was sunk about 13
fathoms deep, and the ore raised was said to have contained a good percentage of
silver and lead. (1887.) . -
Dalhousie Syndicate.—Situation of property, Golden Gully, 10 miles north
from Petersburg. Rock formation, blue limestone, slate, and sandstone, traversed in
places by thin veins of calcite, containing galena and gossan. These have been
prospected by shafts and cuttings, which have failed to trace these veins to any lode
formation. (1887.) The Government Geologist reported in March, 1897, that a
shaft 70ft. in depth had been sunk on the underlie of a lode formation, consisting of
limestone with iron oxide, gossan, and calcareous matter, which strikes N.E. and
dips S.E. at an angle varying from 50° to 70°, and which has a width of from 1ſt. to
2ft. The country rocks are clay slate and calcareous clay slate and limestone. No
mineral excepting iron ore observable, but he was informed that a little galena had
been met with. Silver-lead and galena have been found elsewhere on the section
(75) in thin veins of calcite, and in the joints of the limestone rock, but of small value.
The rock formation is favorable to the occurrence of metallic minerals.
Dalkey Hill Mine.—Situation, five miles south from the Premier Mine, in
the New Luxemburg district. The Inspector of Mines, who examined and reported,
stated that two vertical shafts were sunk to strike the lode at a shallow depth.
The ground is of a favorable character for carrying plumbiferous lodes, but the
surface exhibits contortions making it impossible to determine the general strike
or dip of the country rock. The formation carries galena and partly decomposed
sulphide ore, encased in calcareous matter; the balance of the gangue consists of
quartzite, schist, and siliceous ironstone. The ore appears to make in bunches, and
dips south. Samples taken assayed 60 per cent. lead and 21ozs. silver to the ton.
This venture should be prospected very carefully and completely. (1889.) Little
has been done in this property for some years past.
Lark Hill Mine (See ALBERT).-Locality, two miles S.E. from Giles' Nob,
Oulnina Run. There are several quartz reefs and veins, with galena, carbonate of
lead, and gossan. Some of these contain but a small percentage of silver-lead;
others offer sufficient inducement to cause a thorough prospecting of the locality, as
the lodes are wide and well defined and worth a trial. The rock formations consist
of micaceous clay slates, calcareous slates, and micaceous schist, with dykes of
eruptive granite. Three samples taken assayed as follows:—(1) carbonate of lead,
1902s. 4dwts, silver per ton, and 66 per cent. of lead; (2) galena, 370Zs. 18dwts.
silver per ton, and 72 per cent. of lead; (3) carbonate of lead, 4ozs. 6dwts. silver
per ton. On the occasion of a recent visit (1890) the Inspector of Mines arrived at
the conclusion that the mine did not warrant further outlay. Recently it has been
amalgamated with the Albert Silver Mine. . -
Dark Hill Proprietary Silver Mining Syndicate.—Eight mineral
claims, 640 acres, 35 miles east from Mannahill Railway Station, and on the road
known as the Pegged Line Track. - - -
I}r. Dixon’s Prospecting Claims.-Locality, two miles westward of
Taltabooka Well. Some prospecting was done on galena veins, associated with
quartz reefs. A sample of the galena assayed 17ozs. 6dwts, of silver per ton and
62 per cent. of lead. -
Doig's Claims.-Locality, 12 miles west from Beltana, near Winnowie, and
east of and adjoining Beltana Broken Hill. Carbonates and other copper ores have
been found, but not in payable quantities. (1888.) - -
Darke's Peak.-In 1895 a trial for silver was made in a mineralised piece of
country in the Franklin Harbor district by Mr. G. Standley, of Yadnarie, and a shaft
SILVER-LEAD. 75
was put down 40ft. It is stated that the assay showed 33ozs, of silver to the ton, and
four men were at work who complained of unpleasant mineral fumes. Subsequent
results are not known. '. -
Duncan’s Prospect.—Locality, sections 603 and 604, hundred of Hanson.
The Inspector of Mimes reported (April, 1890) that a number of pits had been sunk
on two small segregated veins of quartz, carrying small patches of galena; strike north
and south, with a sharp dip west. Enclosing strata, indurated slates capped with lime-
stone. The deepest sinking was 20ft, vertical, and a small vein of quartz and galena
had been followed on its dip 10ft. or 12ft. An assay had yielded 7ozs, of silver per
ton and 33 per cent of lead. A sample taken by the Inspector, and assayed by the
Government Assayer, returned 5ozs. 17dwts. silver, and 53 per cent, lead. The veins
opened up were too small to be of value.
Eagle Silver-Lead Mine.—Situated not far from Glen Osmond. The course
of the lode is due east and west, with a northern underlie, with smooth and regular walls
averaging 4ft, apart. A great deal of work has been done on the property in sinking
shafts and tunnels, and one of the latter would have 380ft. of backs when it reached
the shaft towards which it was being driven. Ore sold averaged 47% per cent. of
lead and 10ozs. 5dwts, of silver per ton. Individual assays ranged higher, and the
pyrites also carry gold. Mr. Kingsborough, the secretary, supplied the following
information in 1890: – - *
The Eagle Mine is on section 1003, hundred of Adelaide, containing 77 acres, held under rent
and royalty. There are two lodes, ranging up to 6ft. wide, and two shafts, the deepest 115ft., and
a winze 92.ft., all following the dip of the lode, and 842ft. of drives. The ore is a sulphide, carried
in a gossany matrix, and the country is a clay slate. The bulk assays have been 54%, 59%, 61%, and
53% per cent. for lead, and 7ozs, 12dwts. 16grs., 11ozs. 12dwts. 12grs., 1202s, and 100Z.s. silver per
ton. g
The Inspector of Mines visited the property in March, 1890, and reported favorably
of the prospects of the mine. The tunnel had been extended from 188ft. to 275ft.,
and had intersected a lode formation. In the bottom level from McDonald’s shaft
there is a shoot of zinc, assaying 45 per cent. ; probably the lead will make again
below. The width and regularity of the lode would indicate that large quantities of
argentiferous galena will probably occur at a greater depth.
Edgar Giles' Mining and Prospecting Company.—The property
taken up consisted of 19 mineral claims, 1,520 acres, N.E., and one of 80 acres near
Anabama Station, on which it is said silver, lead, gold, copper, and antimony were
discovered.
Ediacara Blocks,—At the time of the Government Geologist's visit in April,
1888, costeaning was being carried on at three places on this property. Galena is
disseminated through a bed of crystalline limestone from 1ſt. to 2ft. thick, inclining
at a low angle eastward. Another excavation further south shows a similar deposit
with a lower percentage of galena. The main workings are in a creek still further
south. An average sample of the ore yielded on assay 48ozs. 10dwts. 4grs. of silver
per ton and 62% per cent. of lead. It is possible that large deposits of ore in patches
may exist, but from the nature of the bedrock their locality and extent will be un-
certain. The limestone should be sunk through into the underlying shales to see
whether or not the ore continues from one rock formation into the other. > -
Ediacara Silver Mines.—In May, 1892, the Government Geologist specially
reported upon the geology of the Ediacara field. He stated that there are three
principal rock formations, the whole forming a basin or synclinal trough. The
upper metalliferous deposits occur in dolomitic limestone, and are known locally as
the upper lode. The lower metalliferous deposit is contained in an argillaceous shale
and sandstone formation, which does not exceed 50ft, or 60ft. in thickness. In the
upper lode argentiferous ores, consisting chiefly of galena, carbonate of lead, and
iron gossan, occur in a flat brecciated calcareous deposit, and irregular veins extend-
ing through fissures in the limestone rock. The deposit is too uncertain to justify
76 - MINING RECORDS.
expectation of continuous supplies of ore, or of the existence of a large defined lode,
although pockets of ore may exist. Assays have proved that portions of the upper
lode are extraordinarily rich. The lower ore deposits contain segregations of
carbonate of lead, gossan, and ironstone, and carbonate of copper, and do not
constitute a true lode, but have been intruded through the stratified beds of soft
rock. This belt of ore-bearing strata can be traced southwards below the limestone
escarpment for two and a quarter miles. This formation may prove to be ore-bearing
over a considerable area. Shafts have been put down about 200ft. to prospect for
the lower metalliferous deposits, but an influx of water prevented reaching the
requisite depth. There is a great probability of a true lode existing beneath the
limestone formation all over the synclinal area. By boring or sinking a line of shafts
across the basin this area could be fully prospected; and the inclined tunnels in the
Warrioota block might be continued. In no part of South Australia do silver-lead
deposits occur as they present themselves here, and the prospecting operations
suggested are very desirable. - , • ‘, .
Ediacara Mine.—This consists of mineral blocks containing altogether 600
acres, 18 miles west from Beltana Railway Station. The general prospects of this
enterprise justified, in the opinion of the Inspector of Mines, the employment of a
number of men to open the bodies of ore. The bulk of the ore in sight required
dressing machinery. Samples assayed by the Government Assayer gave per ton---
(1) galena, 42 per cent, lead and 7ozs. 10dwts, silver; (2) galena, 52 per cent, lead and
3902s. 4dwts. silver ; (3) glance, 16 per cent. copper and 342O2S. silver; (4) galena,
51 per cent, lead and 10ozs. 2dwts, silver; (5) galena, 52 per cent, and 20zs. 9dwts.
silver; (6) galena, 63 per cent. and 17ozs. 6dwts. silver; (7) galena, 52 per cent. and
18ozs. 9dwts, silver. Taking the whole of the exposed bodies of ore, the average bulk
would assay 16 per cent. lead and 4ozs. silver to the ton. The ore is in veins lying in
the laminations of the strata; in the north quarry the formation is 3ft. thick, of
which 18in, is galena ore, and it dips at an angle of 15°. The copper and silver
glance forms not more than 1 per cent, of the bulk of the ore, and it is found in
small and irregular bunches here and there along the surface. On a subsequent
examination (in 1889) the same official reported that the general prospects of the
mine had greatly improved, and that in the west shaft at the depth of 50ft. from the
surface driving had been commenced, and the lode exposed consists of carbonate of
lead, argentiferous gossan, and calcite, and occasionally pieces of galena. In the
north shaft or quarry the ore has increased in size, being now 2}ft, and carrying
lead throughout. This deposit appears to be making a series of “wallows,” the flat
portion making ore, whilst in the vertical downthrow the ore is scarce. The prospects
of the mine are much brighter, but it will not be brought into a payable condition
until the ground is proved systematically. Mr. Dalton, the secretary to the company,
stated that subsequently to the above report being written the west shaft had been sunk
a further depth of 50ft., and that chlorides had been found in small quantity. The
north shaft is now called Greenwood’s shaft, and here driving and stoping were
being carried on. There was lying at grass ore, estimated at 600 to 800 tons, suitable
for concentration, that it was thought would dress up to 25ozs, to 300Zs. silver per ton,
and 55 to 60 per cent, lead. Actual results by hand-jigging gave 26ozs. silver, per
ton and 56 per cent, lead. In November, 1890, the Inspector of Mines examined
this mine, and reported shafts had been sunk and drives put in, and a considerable
quantity of ore could be worked from Greenwood's shaft, where the lode was 5ft.
thick. He took samples from all parts of these workings, which upon assay returned
17ozs. 12dwts. of silver per ton and 42 per cent. of lead; the ore could easily be
brought by concentration up to 360Zs. of silver per ton. A short distance N.E. from
Greenwood’s a ventilation shaft, sunk 30ft., cut at 15ft, a lode formation 6ft. wide,
carrying silver glance, chlorides of silver, and earthy cerussite, &c., assaying 38ozs.
10dwts of silver and 37 per cent, lead. The south quarry workings gave samples
assaying 12ozs, silver per ton and 50 per cent, lead. Further south along the out-
crops galena and copper occur in small patches. The west shaft has been sunk in
disturbed country 100ft. vertically and 10ft. on an easterly underlie, cutting through
a large formation, carrying baryta and argillaceous limestone, intermixed with small
SILVER-LEAD. 77
bunches of calcite and earthy cerussite. Samples from the drives returned 20zs.
5dwts. of silver and 13 per cent, lead. This mine with fair treatment would, in the
Inspector's opinion, become dividend paying. (See also NEw EDIACARA.) -
Ediacara Consols.-Situated 17 miles west from Beltana, held under mineral
leases covering 15 80-acre blocks. The Inspector of Mines reported (9/4/92) that a
great deal of work had been done here, and that Greenwood’s tunnel on the upper
lode had been driven 389ft., and other levels had been put in and shafts sunk.
Morish's tunnel was in 273ft. on the lower lode. The company holding the leases had
expended £25,458, and were prospecting the property thoroughly. They had received
£3,500 from sales of ore They sought assistance from Government, which they
said would not have been needed if the lode had not been “thrown” by a strong fault.
The Government Geologist reported at length in May, 1892, explaining the geological
features and the characteristics of the metalliferous deposits, as given in his account
of the Ediacara silver mines. He stated that the workable portion of this deposit
had been stoped out in Greenwood's tunnel, and only the thinner portions of the
veins remained. Owing to irregular distribution and hardness of the containing rock,
prospecting for other deposits would be costly and results uncertain. In the lower
ore deposits there are segregations of carbonate of lead, gossan, and ironstone and
carbonate of copper; and baryta and calcareous matter are associated with the ore,
and in some places quartz and manganiferous ironstone veins and gypsum penetrate
the deposit to a considerable extent. Near the westward end of Morish's tunnel the
argillaceous strata containing the ore have been cut off by a purely local fault
running in a north-easterly direction, the quartzite being thrown up to a height of
70ft. A lode formation of a more or less vertical nature may be found to exist
in the fissure caused by this fault, and other faults may exist beneath the synclinal
basin. Assays per ton of samples from the upper lode, Greenwood’s tunnel, showed
from ferruginous limestone, silver 800Zs. 14dwts. ; fahlerz, ironstone, and atacamite,
silver 5,881 ozs. ; fahlerz, ironstone, and cerussite, silver 2,8890Zs. 15dwts, ; and
fahlerz, cerussite, and limestone, silver 5200Zs. 14dwts. From the lower lode,
Morish’s tunnel, ferruginous cerussite, silver 1460Zs. per ton and lead 35 per cent. ;
ferruginous cerussite, silver 1990Zs. 12dwts. per ton and lead 36 per cent. These
were specimens of the richest veins, average samples not being obtainable, the bulk
of the ore having been worked out. The mine was not being worked in January,
1899.
Emily Mine.—This property consists of 80 acres, near Big Hill, one mile and a
half from South Gladstone. Galena occurs here in a brecciated limestone with
gossan, striking north and south through slates and limestone. A sample of the ore
yielded on assay 12ozs. 18dwts. 1gr. of silver to the ton and 32 per cent, of lead.
The gossan gave no result. The Inspector of Mines examined and reported in
October, 1890, stating that there was a shaft down 58ft. on a very fine-looking lode
of ironstone, containing small particles of galena, traceable through the lease. A
sample from the cap assayed for silver gave no return, but one taken from the spoil-
heap of the shaft gave 2#ozs. of silver per ton. The shaft should be sunk 250ft.
and drives put in. - -
Eukaby.—A discovery of silver-lead was made 48 miles east of Hawker by
Dr. Stephens on his sheep run at Eukaby Hill. Assays made by Mr. G. Goyder, jun.,
gave the following results:— . -
Lead. Siłver. Gold.
- - ozs, dwts, grs. ozs, dwts, grs.
Galena yielded . . . . . . . . 60 per cent. .. 78 5 0 per ton. . . 0 0 14 per ton.
“ . . . . . . . . 31} “ ... 15 lºſ () “ ... O 0 22 * * -
“. . . . . . . . . 44 “ . . 15 4 0 “ 0 - 0 6 “
& 4 . . . . . . . . 70 { { ... 77 1 0 “ . . . 1 14 16 “
. . é & . . . . . . . . 62 § { , , 35 8 0 “ . . . 0 4 14 **
Iron ochre and cerussite tº- ... O 3 6 “ . 0 3 2 * *
Lead ore (black) ...... 61% per cent. .. 26 9 0 “ ... O 4 14 “
Ironstone and quartz . . — . . 0 19 0 “ . . trace. -
Granular lead ore..... . 46% per cent. .. 2 16 0 “ ... Q 15 13 “
78 MINING RECORDS.
At a subsequent period, the mineral deposits being extensive, several companies were
formed under names given below. The general strike of the lodes is N E., and they
are more or less vertical and well defined. - - .
Lukaby Blocks.--An area of mineralised country adjoining Eukaby Hill was
reported upon by the Inspector of Mines in the following terms:—“Systematic
prospecting is being carried out, and, to prove the ground thoroughly and economi-
cally, three shafts have been sunk across the supposed line of lodes, with the
intention of proving the intervening ground by cross-cutting. One almost vertical
shaft is down 128ft., and carries a smooth wall for the whole depth, the ground
being hard, and sinking slow. At 120ft. there are fine veins of galena exposed in
a width of lode of 8ft., which appear likely to unite and form a larger body in depth.
Other two shafts are down 76ft. and 60ft, respectively, and the general prospects
warrant further sinking and cross-cutting. Samples assayed by the Government
Assayer contained 39 per cent, lead and 220Zs. silver to the ton; porous ironstone,
5ozs. silver; and a third, 62 per cent, lead and 31 ozs, silver to the ton.” (1889.)
The secretary supplemented the above by the statement that the area leased from
the Crown contained 480 acres, and that there were surface indications of 11 lodes,
the strike being N.E. and S.W., and the width 2ft. and upwards. Also that of the
seven shafts sunk—four being vertical and three following the dip of the lode—the
deepest was 161ft. The country consists of slate, and the matrix is ironstone.
(1890.) -
Eukaby Extended.—These two leases, containing 800 acres of land, adjoined
the Blocks and the West Eukaby, and became the property of English capitalists,
who sent out a mining captain to take charge. It was understood that a considerable
amount of capital would be available for development, and the results would
determine very speedily the value of this silver field. The Inspector of Mines in
1889 reported that the only work then done was in sinking two pits, in each of which
an iron lode was disclosed, but samples that he took did not contain any mineral of
importance. His opinion was that it could not be placed on the list of promising
mines. The report of the mining captain referred to did not lead to further expendi-
ture in development of the property.
Eukaby Hill.—Another portion of the mineral area above referred to. It
became the property of a Melbourne syndicate. The amount of nominal capital was
considerable, but consisted very largely of paid-up shares, which the promoters
received. There are several lodes of galena, iron ore, gossan, &c., running N.E. in
more or less parallel lines, and some of them are rich in galena near the surface, but
have not been proved. Three samples from different lodes assayed 11902s. 8dwts.,
45ozs. 12dwts., and 6ozs. 2dwts. respectively. The Inspector of Mines in decided
terms condemned the expensive management of the mine, and stated that there were
no fewer than 11 shafts, one alone costing £600, without adequate reason for sinking.
On the north side of the hill there are several bedded veins of ironstone carrying
lead, as carbonate and sulphide. Small stones of grey ore could be selected assaying
high for silver, but the general average was low. At best it could only be considered
a fair prospect. The company owned 21 blocks, containing 1,680 acres. (1889.)
Eukaby South-Amalgamated with Eukaby Blocks.
Ey’s Mine,—Situated about five miles east from Black Rock Railway Station.
The Inspector of Mines examined this property, and reported that a pit had been
sunk on a small irregular vein of ferruginous crystalline limestone, in which were
small deposits of galena, the country consisting of argillaceous slates. Another shaft
struck the vein at a depth of 19ſt., but nothing of value was found, and further
expenditure was not recommended. -
Fifth Creek Central.—(See also CoPPER.) This mine developed in the
direction of argentiferous deposits, and the Inspector of Mines estimated that the
SILVER-LEAD. 79
lode formation averaged 2002s, to the ton. The following assays, which showed that
the silver in every instance was in the form of chlorides, were obtained:—(1) gossan,
1902s. 14dwts. ; (2) clay, 11ozs. 9dwts. ; (3) ironstone, 410ozs. 9dwts. ; (4) flucan,
1oz. 2dwts. ; and (5) grey ore, 84ozs. 5dwts. It is stated that 13 tons treated at the
Port Smelting Works averaged 48ozs. silver to the ton, and realised £120 4s. 7d.
The lode was patchy in regard to its silver-bearing so far as it had been driven upon
(1889); but it is certainly a well-defined fissure vein. The directors proposed to
drive by contract work a tunnel 200ft. to 300ft. lower than the present lowest level,
with a view of proving the country for 370ft, below the top of the hill. During the
five months ending February 28th, 1890, 31 tons were sold, which yielded an average
of 50ozs. silver per ton.
Finke’s Springs.-(See MoUNT SERLE.)
Flinders Mine.—Situated about three miles west from the Wirrialpa Mine;
area 280 acres. Galena was said to have been found on the surface, and a good deal
of sinking was done, which did not prove much beyond the presence of poor copper
ore; but the vein was not followed down. (1889.) Later a great deal was made
of an alleged discovery of ore, which was said to yield up to 840zs, of silver per ton
and 16 per cent, of lead, but the assays made by Mr. Goyder of samples taken by
the Inspector of Mines (who reported unfavorably upon the property) gave very
low results, and the mine was abandoned. .
Fountain Head Mine.—Situated between Wirrialpa and Blinnan. Trenches
and shafts were excavated to find a galena lode, the existence of which is indicated
by the presence of slugs and boulders of galena on the surface. Only small veins of
galena and carbonate were found near the junction of kaolinised slates and sand-
stones with crystalline siliceous limestone. In the latter the lode will probably be
found. There is a permanent spring of water here. (1889.)
Franklin Harbor.—Locality, Mangalo Creek. Near a hut on this creek thin
veins of galena traverse mica schist and mica slate over a space of 40ft. to 50ft. in
width. The galena is also found on the surface in the form of small rounded slugs.
There are no workings, with the exception of a trench about 6yds. long and from
4ft. to 5ft. deep. The rock is soft and easily worked. The following were the
results of assays made by the Government Assayer:—(1) galena, 20Zs. 9dwts, of
silver; (2) galena, 20zs. 9dwts. ; (3) galena, 9dwts. 19grs. ; (4) galena, 1oz. 15dwts.
22grs. ; (5) galena, 16dwts, 8grs. ; (6) galena, 20Zs. 15dwts. 12grs, per ton.
Frome Well.—(See MoUNT SERLE.)
Gilead P. Beck. —Locality, near the Duck Ponds, Freeling Waters. A lode
of massive galena 13ft. to 2ft. wide shows on the surface, on which two holes,
respectively 4ft. and 6ft. deep, were sunk, exposing a well-defined lode formation of
galena and gossan with quartz. It strikes east and west through green clay slates,
and the stone is good enough at the surface to warrant sinking a shaft to a consider-
able depth. A sample gave 12ozs. 18dwts. 1gr. silver to the ton, and 62% per cent.
lead. The Government Geologist observed recently that a shaft had been put down
50ft. and a level driven 50ft. along the lode, which carried 2ft. to 3ft. of galena.
The mine was worked four months in 1888, and was then abandoned, but was again
taken up. In September, 1892, the Inspector of Mines reported that the lease
contained 160 acres, and that a shaft had been sunk 50ft, on the course of a very
strong and well-defined lode of ironstone and galena. At 50ft. a drive was put in
N.E., and the lode was found to be 7ft. wide. A sample taken from a bunch, of
galena gave a return of 33ozs. 6dwts. of silver per ton and 75 per cent. of lead, and
a sample of the ironstone gave a trace of silver. The lode is traceable on the surface
a considerable distance. The enclosing rocks are sandstone and slate, with bands of
limestone, . -
80 MINING RECORDS.
Gilles Glen Osmond Mine.—Situated on a flank of the Mount Lofty Range,
three and a half miles S.E. from Adelaide, and on it a very large amount of work has
been done. The Government Geologist inspected this mine in 1888, and reported
that the principal workings were on the Victoria lode, and three levels had been driven.
The shoots of ore worked in earlier times dipped into the hill. The width of the
lode formation varies from 1ſt. to 4ft. or more. There are other parallel lodes upon
which work has been done. Assays of various samples showed silver from 4ozs.
15dwts, to 35ozs. 9dwt.s. per tom, and lead from 16 per cent. to 70 per cent., the
richer ores being obtained from the bottom level in the Victoria lode. The Glen
Osmond lodes in general are small compared with some of those at the Barrier; on
the other hand, the ore contains the highest percentage of lead and a fair amount of
silver. In 1889 operations were confined to three places, but there are five or six
lodes in the claim all striking east and west, with at times a slight deviation south.
The lode formations are regular and well defined, and by driving payable bunches of
ore should be found. Mr. H. Conigrave, the manager, reported that there are
fourteen lodes, six of which have been prospected and worked; they strike east and
west, and dip to the north at a ruling angle of 70°; widths from 1 ft. to 4ft. The
O.G. shaft and winze goes down 260ft., Victoria 310ft., Gore 178ft., (2) Verco 178ft.
and 100ft., all following the dip of the lodes. The total length of drives is 4,947ft.
Matrix—iron, calcspar, sulphate of baryta, clay, gossan, and ferruginous quartz;
country, calcareous clay slate. The ore is galena and carbonate of lead, giving an
average assay of 21 ozs, silver per ton and 71 per cent. lead. An English proprietary
company worked the mine from 1847 to 1850, paying a royalty to the owners of one-
eighth, and extracted from the property £30,000 worth of silver and lead. An
unsuccessful demand for reduction of the royalty led to a stoppage of operations
until the existing company commenced work. In May, 1891, the Inspector of Mines
made an examination, and recommended Government assistance (which had been
applied for), on the ground that the company was prepared with assistance to sink
500ft. for the development of the mine, to test the lodes at the depth of 150ft. below
water level. At a meeting of shareholders in 1895 it was stated that owing to
insufficiency of funds mining work had not been resumed; the register had been
purged in respect of defaulting shares, and the property was held by 10,000 shares
instead of the 65,000 first registered. Up to date mining has not been resumed.
Glenalbyn Mines.—Commenced in 1850. The property comprised four
sections situated about a mile to the N.W. from Strathalbyn. At 18 fathoms
below the surface a fine lode of galena was found, the ore of which was said to
contain 18% per cent. of lead and 16}ozs. silver to the ton. A shaft was sunk about
30 fathoms, and the galena was found to be impregnated with yellow copper ore.
Several hundred tons of the ore were sent to England. The mine ceased working in
1863. - -
Glen Osmond Union Mining Company.—Operations began on pre-
liminary section No. 295, four miles east from Adelaide, in December, 1846. Thirteen
lodes were discovered, but work was confined to three situated on the northern and
southern extremities of the section and in the centre. Adits and levels were driven,
winzes and four shafts were sunk. During eight months (March, 1884) 160 tons of
ore were shipped. Cartage, 7s. per ton; freight, 50s. per ton, free in London. This
mine was at one time the property of Mr. Osmond Gilles; it was opened by him, and
200 tons of ore was raised. r
Graefe’s Prospect.—Situated on section 96, hundred of Morgan. The
Government Geologist reported in 1896 that there was a vein of calcspar, ironstone,
and gossan containing galena, striking north and dipping west at 30° to 40°, worth
prospecting. The Government Assayer returned 67 per cent. of lead, and 16ozs.
14dwts. of silver per ton from samples treated. The country rocks are clay slates,
calcareous slates, and limestone, striking north and south, and dipping at high angles,
and sometimes vertical, r -

SILVER-LEAD. 81
Gray’s Prospect.—Situated on private property in the hundred of Goolwa.
The Inspector of Mines reported in 1890 that there was an outcrop of quartz upon
which a shaft had been sunk to the depth of 45ft. It was alleged that assays had
given good returns of silver, but samples tested by the Government Assayer gave no
result in silver or gold. It was not thought desirable to advise further expenditure.
Great Beltana Comstock-on the surface of this property there is an
outcrop of galena about 1.ft. 6in. wide in a calcareous slate; and there are other galena
lodes in the neighborhood. Little work done. (1888.)
Great Benowrie.—(See CoPPER.)
Great Comstock Mine.—The proprietary of this mine held 24 mineral
claims, aggregating 1,920 acres, in the neighborhood of the Blinman, upon which
very little work has been done. The Inspector of Mines states that a shaft has been
sunk vertically 73ft., and then continued on the underlie to a depth of 117 ft. on a
poor formation consisting of calcite, baryta, and gossan, the surrounding country
being limestone and argillaceous slate, not at all favorable for plumbiferous
deposits. He did not observe any mineral of commercial value in the property, and
no lode formation worth prospecting. (1889.) -
Great Gladstone Silver Mine.—Situated in the Pindelpena Creek, six
miles north-easterly from Yeralina Station, and 60 miles east from Farina Station,
on the Great Northern Railway. There is a lode formation, consisting of iron ore
and gossan, containing fragments of the surrounding slate rocks, and striking north
and south through the horizontal and slightly-inclined clay and calcareous slates.
Several shafts have been sunk, and tunnels driven along the course of the lode, and
galena has been obtained in two or three places at no great depth. At the south end
of the claim galena has been obtained which assayed well for silver. The lode is well
defined and well worth testing. A sample of the galena and gossan gave 88ozs.
7dwts, 6grs. per ton and 46 per cent. lead, and of gossan alone, 1oz. 15dwts. 22grs.
silver per ton. The country in the vicinity is clay slate in horizontal beds, and cut-
ting this almost vertically on a north and south line there is a strong fissure lode
composed of argentiferous gossan and lead, from which high assays of silver can be
obtained. The lead makes in lenticular bunches. This lode should make down to
great depths, and give richer deposits below. It is traceable for miles, and is lead-
bearing throughout ; its composition is carbonate of lime, gossan, and galena, and its
character may be gleaned from the fact that 3 tons recently selected from the
surface heaps and forwarded to the smelting works gave 50ozs. of silver per ton and
45 per cent. of lead. These particulars are given in the report of the Inspector of
Mines, who obtained an assay of a sample he took to the Government Assayer, show-
ing 38 per cent. of lead and 590Zs. of silver per ton. During February, 1890, it was
found that the hill shaft had reached a depth of 100ft., and was going down between
two iron lodes, possibly branches of the same lode divided by a “horse” of country.
The composition of each was the same, namely, ironstone of a gossany character,
with veins of calcite in the fracture. Mr. Alfred Frost states that there are three
lodes running north and south, the main lode ranging from 2ft. to 20ft. wide, with
six shafts and drives 182ft, and 90ft. respectively. [There were upwards of 100.
claims taken out in this locality, upon which very little work had been done up
to February, 1890.] In September, 1893, the Mine Inspector examined and reported
that the width of a well-defined lode running through the property (160 acres) was
5ft, but it was very mullocky. In the southern portion of the property a tunnel had
been driven 87ft. along the course of the lode and an air shaft had holed at 40ft.
No. 1 shaft north was down 90ft. and No. 2 to 54ft. No. 2 tunnel had been driven
182ft., and the lode in it is of the same character as in the other workings. Two
shafts had been sunk respectively 35ft. and 82ft. The most northerly shaft on a
lower site had cut water at 76ft. This should be sunk deeper, as the lode stuff is
better as depth is made, and indicates a possibility of obtaining payable ore at a
deeper level. - -
F
82 . MINING RECORDS.
Great Northern.--Locality, two miles west from the Great Gladstone. There
ale well-defined lodes of ferro-calcite, calcite, iron ore, and gossan, striking north and
south through horizontal slates. Prospecting shafts were being sunk at the time of
inspection by the Government Geologist (1888), but no useful mineral showed itself
to encourage further prospecting. At the latter end of 1890 the Inspector of Mines
reported that a shaft had been sunk 30ft. on one of the outcrops; a sample he took
gave no assay return of value. There was, however, an outcrop on a knoll near the
track to Mount Ogilvie that deserved prospecting. It was useless to continue pros-
pecting the lode upon which work was then being carried on. º
Great Northern Silver Mines Company. — This company was
possessed of interests in the North Gladstone and Big Hill Mines, and in mineral
claim 19929, and of six sections at Pindelpena. Limited prospecting had been done,
but nothing very encouraging discovered beyond the fact that there are two well-
defined lodes of ferro-calcite, calcite, iron ore, and gossan, striking north and south.
(1888.) - 3. .
Great Western Dark Hill Silver Mining Company. — This
property consisted of two mineral claims, 11140 and 11141, 160 acres, 30 miles
south-east of Mannahill railway station, adjoining the Prince Albert Mine.
Great Winnowie Central Silver Mining Company.—Two mineral
claims were held, 11593 and 11594, about 173 miles from Beltana Railway Station,
and adjoining the Beltana Broken Hill. No work done. (1888.) .
Hahndorf.-At this place a silver mine was opened many years ago, but is not
now worked. A quantity of ore was raised, said to be of rich quality. Pieces of
quartz and reef formation were found to carry a small percentage of galena,
containing silver at the rate of 14ozs, per ton. Mr. W. S. Whitington, the original
worker of this mine, stated that ore raised by his party was assayed by Mr Cosmo
Newbery, and by assayers in England and Germany, and gave on an average 71 per
cent. of lead and 21ozs. of silver to the ton. Operations were stopped by the flooding
of the main shaft, and want of capital. The workings are in soft kaolinised clay, and
sandy and plumbagenous slates. (1887.) -
Hardy’s Prospect.—Situated at the Glen Osmond stone quarries. In May,
1890, the Inspector of Mines reported that several small parcels of galena had been
saved from small veins whilst the quarry was being worked, but there was nothing of
metallic mineral value in the property. .
Hawker Syndicate.—A mineral claim was taken up adjoining those of the
Broken Hill Syndicate, near Hawker, in 1896. A report was made that an
apparently rich lode formation carrying kaolin had been struck. A shaft was com-
menced by the side of a large outcrop. - - -
Hender’s Property. — Situated in the hundred of Strathalbyn. The
Inspector of Mines in 1890 reported that there were three parallel lodes outcropping,
two of them large and composed of quartz, and the other a small ironstone lode.
Upon the latter a shaft had been put down 20ft., and about 100ft. distant a costeaning
trench, 20ft, long by 7ft. deep, showed the lode to be 2ft. wide at surface, but that
it pinched considerably in the bottom of the excavation. No indication of either
silver or lead. A shaft sunk to a depth of 50ft. on one of the quartz outcrops does
not cut the lode, a mistake having been made as to the dip. A drive should be put
in. Samples taken from the lodes showed neither silvernor gold. -
Helene Silver Mine.—The Inspector of Mines reported that this property
consists of two mining leases containing 160 acres, apparently taken up because of a
large iron “blow” on a slight elevation, flanking a low range near Minburra Station.
A shaft was sunk 75ft., and a drive was put east and west on the course of the lode,
SILVER-LEAD. - 83
which consists of gossany ironstone of great width. It has a north-east and south-
west course. The surrounding country is clay slate, traversed by strong quartz
reefs. (1889.) . - -
Hicks’ Silver Mine.—Situated between the telegraph line between Snaky
and Starvation Creeks, Kangaroo Island. It is an abandoned working, with shaft and
costean pits in a broken mass of quartz reef and quartzose rock. The Government
Geologist recently visited this place, and states that there is nothing to show that
any metallic mineral has ever been found in the workings. It was probably a
prospecting venture.
Hill’s Section.—Situated close to Mount Freeling. The Inspector of Mines
reported (1890) that a shaft had been sunk 16ft. on a large ironstone and limestone
outcrop, striking east and west, all along which splashes of galena were to be seen.
Samples taken did not yield silver or gold, but it was alleged that some fair returns
of silver had been obtained. The property requires a thorough test.
Hooper’s Luck. —A claim, situated five miles S.W. from Waukaringa, worked
for silver and lead on a regular and continuous outcrop of quartz and gossany iron-
stone, which extends for miles. Where the gossan prevails the lode makes and
carries a fair percentage of lead. Three shallow shafts have been sunk and cos-
teaning pits dug, and in these the lode formation may be seen, varying in size from
lft. to 8.ft. The course of the lode is W. 3° S., with an underlie S.E. at an angle of
75°. The lode matrix is admirably adapted for concentration, as the waste is very
light. This claim is well worth testing to the water level. From a bulk assay of
3 tons of ore, obtained from a surface trench and roughly dressed, 30 per cent. of
lead and 6ozs, 14 dwts. of silver per ton were obtained. (lnspector of Mines, 1890.)
Hope Mine. —Locality, about seven miles E.N.E. from Taltabooka. Shafts
have been sunk, one to a depth of 100ft., and crosscuts driven in slate and sand-
stone, near iron ore, gossan, and crystalline limestone outcrops, which are not lodes,
and do not appear likely to contain any useful metal. (Inspector of Mines, 1889.)
Imperial Mint Mine.—The Inspector of Mines reported in 1890 that this
mine is 25 miles east from Leigh's Creek Railway Station, on Mount Serle sheep run.
In several places lodes have been opened up, and lead in carbonate and sulphide forms
can be obtained, but not in payable quantities. The ground consists of micaceous
and talcose schists, overlying a hard blue slate, and the outcrops of lodes are iron-
stone stained with oxide of lead. There is a vertical shaft 92ft. deep, carried down
to 50ft. in a formation composed of galena, pyrites, and argentiferous gossan, and
then hard blue slate comes in. At the bottom a crosscut has been driven, and a
winze put down. There is a break in the slate, and walls are showing, enclosing
what appears to be lode material, about 3ft. wide, but no trace of lead or iron can be
found in it. . .
Joker.—Locality, about 20 miles east from Ketchowla Station. A large amount
of sinking and driving has been done at this place on the ironstone outcrops on the
strength of traditions that silver had been found. The Government Geologist, after
inspection in 1888, came to the conclusion that there were no lodes on the property
nor any inducement for anyone to do more than prospect the surface. The samples
he tested were destitute of silver or any other metal of commercial value. In May,
1892, the Inspector of Mines reported that the mine was situated four miles south
from Mount Freeling Police Station. A vertical shaft 42ft, deep and some pits had
been sunk and a drive put in from shaft, which disclosed nothing of value. On a
large quartzite dyke small spats of galena are to be seen and galenaite found in the
jointings; the dyke has been mistaken for a lode. * -
Kangarilla Mine.—This property has an area of 212 acres, parts of sections
797 and 796, hundred of Kuitpo, about 22 miles S.E. from Adelaide. The workings
84 MINING RECORDS.
consist of a tunnel 150ft. long and a shaft at the mouth of the tunnel full of water.
A trace of ore shows on one wall here and there, and a vein of galena and carbonate
of lead about 3in, or 4in, wide extends for 20ft. or 30ft. along the bottom of the drive.
The sinking is very hard and the ore-bearing portion of the lode very limited, so that
unless it is very rich in silver it would not pay to follow. (1887.) The Inspector of
Mines in 1888 reported that at the place where the principal work had been done
there was a true lode formation about 3ft. wide, running east and west with a
northern underlie. The work then done on the mine included Lean’s tunnel, driven
on the course of the lode 100ft., the formation being very small throughout; and on
a shoot of ore cut near the entrance, followed down for 50ft., when sinking was
stopped because the influx of water was heavy. No. 2 shaft was on the hill, and was
sunk to the level of the tunnel, 90ft. A good shoot of ore was passed through dipping
east, and several tons of fair ore were obtained. A level was being pushed westward
from the bottom of the shaft to connect with Lean's tunnel. This would save haul-
ing, and enable operations to be concentrated on the shoots of ore, besides assisting
in the important work of sinking the shaft to a greater depth. There was every
indication that this lead lode would improve in depth.
Kangaroo Island (see also WESTERN RIv ER).-At Western River there are
some mineral claims traversed by a large lode showing a continuous outcrop for their
whole length, respecting which Captain W. H. Price (1887) furnished the following
information :-It varies in width from 50ft. to 250ft., and bears about S.W. by N.E.,
and is composed of quartz showing in places galena and carbonate of lead. In one
place the cap of the quartz has been broken through to a depth of 5ft. or 6ft., and a
solid lode of galena disclosed 5ft. or 6ft. wide, and assaying about 78 per cent. of
lead, and 12ozs. silver to the ton of ore. At this point, on the surface, the lode
shows a width of 150ft. [Note—The Government Geologist recently issued a
report, which described not only the geographical and geological character of
Kangaroo Island, but also referred to the mines and mineral deposits to be found
there. The substance of the information given will be found under the respective
mine headings.] .
Keyneton King.—The Inspector of Mines reported (1889) that this claim,
situated in the hundred of North Rhine, contains two distinct iron outcrops, upon
which several openings had been made, showing formations composed of manganic
iron, silica, and galena, with pockets of a kindly-looking gossan. Galena taken
from the footwall and submitted to the Government Assayer gave 63 per cent. of
lead and 3202s, 13dwts. silver per ton, and from the hanging wall 8ozs. more silver.
Samples taken from the bottom of the opening, 16ft., gave—(1) 60 per cent. of lead
and 35ozs. 2dwts. silver per ton; (2) 69 per cent. and 450zs. ; (3) 68 per cent. and
41ozs. The 16ft. sinking produced about 24 tons of hand-picked ore of similar
quality. The course of the lode is north and south, with an underlie east. Mr.
Wiehaus supplied the following additional information :-More than 30 years ago
Captain Rodda mined for silver in the neighborhood unsuccessfully. It is only
recently that the true fissure lode was discovered. One hundred and twenty acres of
private property are held at a rental of £45 per annum and a 5 per cent. royalty.
There are two lodes, striking north and south, which underlie east, 4ft. and 5ft. wide
respectively. There are four shafts, two vertical and the others following the dip of
the lode, which has a matrix of iron gossan and clay. Harrold Bros. gave an assay
of 62ozs, silver per ton and 76 per cent. lead, and a bulk of 14 tons gave 390Zs. silver
per ton and 64 per cent, lead. (1890.) -
Keyneton Proprietary Mine.—Situated in the hundred of North Rhine.
The Inspector of Mines, in 1889, reported that a considerable sum had been spent in
costeaning and sinking shafts, some apparently without a definite object, and one is
in a slate formation its whole depth. . In the trenches lead has been found in small
pockets lying on hard limestone. The country is not favorable for lead ores in large
bodies, and there is nothing in the property justifying further expenditure,
+5
SILVER-LEAD. 85
Lady Elizabeth Mine.—Locality, about a mile south from Clary Railway
Station. A shaft has been sunk about 20ft., and a drive put in for a short distance.
Galena in small quantities is disseminated through the limestone rock, but the
prospect of a lode being found is not encouraging. (1888.)
Lady Franklin Mine.—Locality, section 153, hundred of Warrow, four
miles south from Marble Range Trig. Station, and 30 miles from Port Lincoln.
The Government Geologist inspected this property in 1897, and stated that prospect-
ing shafts and costean pits had been sunk through tertiary limestone, clay, and
gravel, into the bedrock, some to water level, 20ft., and others to a greater depth,
The main shaft was down 60ft., sunk through talcose argillaceous rock, steatite,
and serpentinous slate, with white granular quartz, blue solid quartz veins, and soft
argillaceous material. Galena, zinc blende, and pyrites occur in what appears to be
a wide lode formation or cap of a lode, and probably payable deposits of silver
would be found on further prospecting. There is also a fair chance of the lode
formation proving auriferous. At a meeting of shareholders in May, 1898, it was
stated that samples of ore smelted at Wallaroo gave 22 per cent. lead, and 13 ozs.
silver, and 12grs. gold per ton. Subsequently to that date the main shaft has been
carried to a depth of 88ft. Galena in a small bunch was struck at 78ft., continuing
to 82ft., assaying 22 per cent., 27% per cent., and 33 per cent, lead and 2% ozs. silver
per ton. Below 82ft. no galena visible. Water making 1,500galls. per hour ;
pumping machinery inefficient. Government assistance has been granted. (See
also GoLD.) -
Lobethal.--Locality, 27# miles east from Adelaide. A silver mine was opened
near this township many years ago. The lode runs north and south, and is composed
of iron gossan, quartz, and mundic. A vein of cobalt and silver is said to exist in
the same lode, being principally an ore of cobalt. (See under CoPALT.) (1887.)
Lloyd's Section.—(See CHERRY GARDENs.)
Mabel Extended Silver Mining Company.—Property, four mineral
blocks, 320 acres, situate near Beltana. The work done consists of deep open
cuttings across an outcrop of rock containing iron ore and manganese, with no
appearance of any lode or vein. *
Mabel Silver Mining and Prospecting Syndicate.—Property held,
mineral claim 11636, Beltana, adjoining Beltana Broken Hill Silver Mining Co.'s
property.
Macfarlane’s Mine is in the neighborhood of the Glen Osmond mines, and
forms one of the same group. Very little work has been done.
Mack’s Prospect.—Situated on section 1278, mundred of Adelaide. A con-
siderable amount of work was done about 1890 on a lode which it was said contained
silver and lead. No official inspection has been made.
Mangalo Creek.-(See FRANKLIN HARBOR.)
Mannahill.—Seven miles south from the railway station a small vein of galena
was discovered, associated with gossan, quartz, and carbonate of lead, enclosed in
bluish clay slates and sandstone. Three holes, the deepest 6ft., were sunk, but no
defined reef disclosed. (1888.) (See GoLD.) -
Mannahill Proprietary Mine.—Situated near Wadnaminga; area, three
80-acre mineral leases. No. 1 shaft, according to the report of the Inspector of
Mines, has been sunk a vertical depth of 90ft, and thence a drive has been put in .
S.E., a distance of 65ft. The sinking has been in a calcareous slate, with no indica-
tion of a lode. No. 2 has been put down (for the most part on an underlie) 59ft.,
86 MINING RECORDS.
in a small mullocky formation of no value. Klemm's shaft is down 35ft. There
are only very small superficial deposits of ferruginous quartz and galena, and n
defined lode. The mine is not worth further outlay. - - . . .
Marshall’s.-This mine is situated about three miles S.E. from Nichol's Nob.
The Government Geologist reported in 1891 that there were shallow shafts sunk, and
that there is a very large lode of ironstone, kaolin, and gossan, from which samples
were taken. The assays went from nil up to 62ozs. of silver per ton at 25ft. from
the surface, and indicated that there were rich patches or veins containing silver,
which is in the form of chlorides. Assays of small samples, remarked the Govern-
ment Geologist, are frequently misleading, and he recommended a bulk assay of
100 tons.
McGrath’s Mineral Leases.—Situated near Trinity Hut; area, 160 acres.
The Inspector of Mines has reported that a large lode running east and west is in
this holding, but little work had been done on it. A sample taken from the lode,
composed of ferruginous quartz and galena, assayed 220Zs. 4dwts, silver per ton and
12 per cent. lead. More recently samples were alleged to return 12207s. 8dwts, per
ton and 45% per cent, lead. - - -
Mildaltie Silver and Copper Mine.-Situated near the Queen Bee
mine. In the gossany portion of a strong lode it was alleged that assays gave
150ozs. of silver per ton, but the main constituent of the lode is copper. (See
CoPPER.)
Montague's Nevada.-This is a silver and lead mine near Leigh's Creek.
In April, 1898, a heavy body of ore was reported to have been met with in the
western stope at the 70ft. level; also that the eastern stope was yielding good ore.
The produce of this mine was being shipped by the prospectors to Swansea, as they
alleged that they got better returns than those obtainable in this province. Work
has been discontinued.
Moore Bros.” Discovery.—In 1888 a discovery of silver-lead was made in
a slate country. Locality, about one and a half miles S.S.E. of the Mingary reefs.
The galena and carbonate of lead form a vein about 12in, thick, underlying west at
a low angle, and galena occurs in a very pure condition in large slabs. An assay
made by the Government Assayer gave 1802s. 6dwts, silver per ton. .
Morialta. --Locality, section 464, hundred of Adelaide, where are also the
Morialta gold diggings. The Government Geologist reported in 1897 to the effect
that a reef outcrop showed for 350ft. along the base of a hill, which had been opened
by short tunnels and pits. The lode, striking north and south, contained brown iron
ore, gossan, quartz, and argillaceous matter, mixed with the bedrock. In places the
veinstone is rich in silver. The School of Mines assays gave from 20zs. 17 dwts. of
silver per ton up to 5600Zs. of silver per ton (ironstone with oxide of antimony and
lead). In January, 1898, one of the shafts had reached a depth of 106ft. on an
inclination of 24° easterly, and it was advised that drives should be put in at the
water level, and the main shaft put down, another 100ft. if the prospects obtained in
the drives warranted the outlay. A twelve months' later visit of inspection was paid,
when systematic prospecting was again advised. On the 4th January, 1899, under
instructions, the Government Geologist again examined this mine. The principal
work done had been deepening shallow shafts and cuttings, and excavating ore from
the outcrop. Samples from a shallow shaft assayed severally Ildwts., 20zs. 14dwts.,
and 202s. 16dwts. of silver per ton. Two samples from the outcrop yielded 78ozs.
12dwts. and 1 oz. 3dwts, of silver per ton. The payable portion of the lode appeared,
so far as explored, to be confined to about 40ft. of outcrop. The place is worthy of
systematic prospecting. Assay returns of three small parcels sold showed respec-
tively 410Zs., 400Zs., and 24ozs. of silver per ton. . . . . . . -
SILVER-LEAD. - 87
Mount Bold Mine.--(See CoPPER.)
Mount Carry Mine.—Situate four and a half miles from Angorichina Head
Station. After an examination in 1891, the Inspector of Mines reported that a large
and well-defined lode of barite can be traced here, but the only work done had been
a drive cutting 10ft. into the lode without reaching the hanging wall. Samples
assayed for silver did not give any return; but the lode should be tested at 100ft.,
and drives put in 100ft, each way.
Mount Distance.—Here there is a galena lode at the top of the Mount. It
lies west from the Gilead P. Beck mine, and is apparently the same line of lode.
(1889.) The Inspector of Mines examined this property in the latter part of 1890,
and reported that there was only a small underlie pit sunk (two days' work) on a
thin vein of ironstone and galena, which he considered not worth prospecting.
Mount Lofty Park Silver-Lead Mine.—Situated on section 840,
hundred of Onkaparinga. The Inspector of Mines, after examining the property,
reported that the workings consisted of a drive on the course of the lode about 25ft.,
in which a winze had been sunk 24ft. At 18ft. drives were put in east and west,
and in the latter 11 ft. exposed a solid lode of cubical galena 2:#ft. thick. The east
drive is about 20ft., but the lode is not so large in the back, though similar to the
west portion under foot. The course of the lode is east and west with a slight dip
to the north. The shoot of ore appears to be making payable ground in depth.
The lode running into steep hills may be advantageously worked by means of
tunnels, and about 300ft. of backs might be obtained by about the same length of
drive. The value of the ore is about £6 per ton, and with a yield of 5 tons of
selected ore per fathom the outlook is a very promising one. Since the date of this
report a tunnel has been driven at a lower depth and a winze put down, and other
drives put in on the course of the lode. Work partly suspended, pending mechanical
appliances being obtained for dealing with the water and dressing the ore. (1889.)
Subsequently the mine was abandoned owing to the large quantity of zinc blende in
the lode, and a lack of capital on the part of the small company working the mine.
Mount Lyall.—Locality, a mile and a half north of Wirrialpa. A great deal
of costeaning was done near some outcrops of iron, and promising assays of silver
were said to have been obtained, but the Inspector of Mines reported that he saw
nothing that would warrant working. (1889.)
Mount Freeling.—Claims situated about 60 miles east from Farina, at
Mount Freeling. No information as regards work done. . -
Mount Malvern Silver Mine.—Situated on Mr. Partridge's property,
between Blackwood and Cherry Gardens. The Inspector of Mines reported
(December, 1890) that a shaft had been sunk 116ft., which in the first 60ft, passed
through a very fair lode formation carrying chlorides of silver. Between 60ft. and
90ft. nodules of galena were obtained, and from that depth to 116ft. the shaft was in
a “horse” of mullock. Two drives were put in and a winze. The lode in one place
was opened fully 12ft. wide, but no wall reached. Throughout the whole of the lode
formation bunches of galena and cerussite are seen, which promise increase of size at
a greater depth. In the face of the 90ft. level the barite, 4ft. wide, carries a little
lead, and shows signs of making larger towards the footwall. The lode has
been “thrown" to the north, but there was a fair prospect for the mine if the present
shaft was sunk to 150ft. with a corresponding shaft east. Much of the lode stuff put
to spoil would pay if properly treated. A bulk sample assayed 17ozs. 13dwts. of
silver and 57 per cent, of lead. This should stimulate further operations. Another
inspection was made in March, 1893, when it was found that a large amount of sink-
ing and driving had been done, besides the erection of machinery. McDonald’s
shaft had been sunk to 175ft., a winze holed from the 50ft. level, and levels had been
driven east and west from the bottom of the shaft. The eastern drive had been holed
88. - MINING RECORDS.
to Harvey's shaft, a substantial skip-road had been constructed, and other good min-
ing work done. The sum of £4,722 had been disbursed in machinery, and nearly 235
tons of ore had been taken out for a gross return of £1,196 2s. 6d. Plenty of ground
was ready for stoping, but the ore was too small in quantity and low in quality to
pay. Samples from the bottom of the shaft assayed 150zs, 17dwts. of silver and
75 per cent. of lead. The lodes opened up improved in depth and warranted further
exploration, - -
Mount Osmond.—Situated at Glen Osmond, about four miles S.E. from Ade-
laide. There are two principal lodes, named respectively the Champion and Wheal
Augusta. On the former the workings comprise a tunnel driven along the centre of
a quartzite bar in clay and calcareous shale, carrying flat leaders of galena and gossan,
zinc blende, calcspar, and quartz. The Wheal Augusta is a true lode, with walls 2ft.
to 3ft. apart, bearing east and west to E, 10° S., with an underlie 70° to 80° N.
In sinking deeper more solid country might be expected, and with it a larger and
richer lode. An assay gave 55 per cent, lead and 11ozs. 9dwts. silver per ton from
the Wheal Augusta, and 35 per cent. lead and 7ozs. 7dwts. silver per ton from the
Champion. (Government Geologist, August, 1888.) The Inspector of Mines
reported, at the close of 1889, that the tunnel had been driven 320ft., and disclosed
three lenticular shoots of ore. The lode formation consisted of gossan, baryta, and
galena in nodules, and was 6ft. wide from wall to wall at the end of the drive. A
sample assayed by the Government Assayer yielded 73 per cent. lead and 1802s.
silver per ton. (1890.) 3. . . "
Mount Rhine Silver Mining Company.—Situated on section 17,
hundred of Angas; area, 173 acres, held at a nominal rental for 21 years. The
secretary (April, 1890) supplied the following particulars:—There is an east and
west lode, in the upper part 5ft. wide and increasing to a width of 40ft., and another
north and south many yards wide; dip 45° south; a shaft is down 80ft. and a winze
80ft. ; and drives have been put in 180ft. and 30ft. The ore gives from bulk 10ozs.
of silver to the ton and 20 per cent. of lead, Some assays have given 45ozs. of
silver and 70 per cent. of lead, and one 490Zs. of silver and 1;ozs. of gold. This
mine was working for two years, in the first instance for silver, but latterly for ochre,
because of the immense quantities found in the mine. (1890.)
Mount Serle.—Locality, 32 miles east from Leigh's Creek Railway Station
and about one mile and a half east of Stuart's Waterholes. A promising lode of
rich galena and carbonate of lead has been prospected 2ft. or 3ft. below the surface.
Between Finke's Springs and Frome Well galena and carbonate of lead have been
found in three or four localities in clay and calcareous slaty shale, the lode formation
being calcspar and ferro-calcite, with sometimes quartz and ferruginous gossan.
These lodes are worth further prospecting. Assays made by the Government
Assayer from ore procured from these claims show :-Cerussite, one mile and a half
east of Stuart's Waterholes, 58.5 per cent, lead and 3ozs. 9dwt.s. silver per ton ;
galena, 65.4 per cent, lead and loz. 3dwt.s. silver; galena from No. 2 claim, one mile
and three quarters west of Frome Well, 70 per cent, iead and 8ozs. 10dwts. silver;
cerussite from most westerly claim, 70 per cent. lead and 7ozs. 4dwts. silver. No
recent information. - . wr -
Nevada Mine.—Locality, one mile and a half north from Wirrialpa; area
160 acres, on which there are several iron backs, one of them a fissure lode, 12ft.
thick. A downright shaft 30ft., a crosscut 9ft., and a shaft continued 70ft. on the
underlie at an angle of 50° showed no encouraging results. Samples taken by the
Inspector of Mines showed no trace of silver. (1889.) - - - • .
Niltibury.—Locality, near Blinnan. A quantity of work was done on an out-
crop of iron ore (oxide), with carbonate of copper stains in crystalline limestone, and
on quartz and manganese veins, and on a vein of galena. No information as to
results. (See WEPowre and NIITIBURY MINE.) (1888.) .
SILVER-LEAD. --- 89
New Ediacara Mine.—On the occasion of an inspection the Government
Geologist brought from this mine, in 1897, samples of ores from various depths in the
dolomitic formation or upper lode. The samples were free from gangue, not picked.
Some of them were from what was known to be a very rich part of the mine. The
assay results were: --No. 1, 6920zs., 8dwts. silver per ton, 30 per cent. of lead and 22
per cent. of copper; No. 2, 7220zs. 8dwts, silver, 16.1 per cent lead, and 373 per cent.
copper; No. 3, 55ozs, silver, 51.1 per cent, lead, and 5% per cent. copper; No. 4,
16902s, 12dwts. silver, 43.8 per cent, lead, and 104 per cent. copper; No. 5, 478ozs.
4dwts. silver, 47.3 per cent, lead, and 103 per cent, copper ; No. 6, 101.ozs. 8dwts.
silver, 59.6 per cent. lead, and ; per cent. copper; No. 7, 7902s, 18qwts, silver,
61.2 per cent, lead, and # per cent, copper; and No. 8, 23ozs. 14dwts. silver, 68.4
per cent. lead, and a trace of copper. Boring operations are now being carried on by
the Government. (See also EDIACARA.)
New Ediacara Consols.--An attempt to sell this venture in England
proving unsuccessful, and local capital with which to continue working being un-
obtainable, the company has been wound up voluntarily. This property has been
held by three companies since 1890, and it is believed that £20,000 has been spent
upon it in various ways unsuccessfully. It was in liquidation, and possession fell to
the Government in consideration of a subsidy granted and rent overdue. (Register,
24/2/99.) - -
North Beltana Syndicate.—Costeaming was carried on by this syndicate
in hard crystalline limestone, in which a few specks of galena were occasionally seen.
(1888.) No information as to results. -
North Mount Rhine Silver and Ochre Mine.—Situated near Mount
Frederick, hundred of Angas; area 175 acres, held under lease for 21 years with
right of renewal. The Inspector of Mines, in 1891, reported that a tunnel had
been driven 196ft. on the course of a lode striking W. 30° S., consisting of ferro-
siliceous limestone and ochre, in which there are small patches of galenaite, A
sample taken assayed 4ozs. silver per ton and 20 per cent. of lead. Other workings
have included stopes and the sinking of winzes, and though the silver prospect was
only moderate, the Inspector regarded the mine as valuable because of the ochre
alone. On an average the lode is 4ft. wide, and is enclosed by walls of micaceous
schist. The mine had been worked cheaply, and should be energetically developed.
Olary Silver Mining Company.—Four mineral sections, 10649, 10652,
14162, and 14163, 320 acres, situate two and a half miles from the Olary Railway
Station, formerly known as Batchelor and Moody's Great Iron Blow. At the period
of the Government Geologist's visit a shaft had been sunk on the north side, and
another was being sunk (depth about 45ft.) on the south side of a large outcrop of
silico-ferruginous lodestone stained with copper carbonate, and containing pyrites.
The stone looked likely for gold, and an assay of a sample of the ore containing
pyrites yielded silver at the rate of 3ozs. 9dwts, per ton; gold, a trace. There are
numerous quartzose and ferruginous reefs with copper stains in the neighborhood
which appeared likely to contain gold. The rock formation is gneissic micaceous
granite, mica slate, &c., with eruptive granite. The Inspector of Mines reported in
1889, that the shaft on the south side was down at a depth of 110ft. in a solid body
of pyrites, which sampled (1) 1 dwt. 12grs. gold ; surface heap, 1 dwt. 8grs. gold per
ton. Driving east on the lode an excellent quartz and pyrites leader was followed.
(See under GoLD.) - - -
Old Strathalbyn Mine.—This adjoins the Wheal Ellen property. A shaft
was sunk in the gossan for a depth of four fathoms, and then the gossan was found
to carry gold and silver down to seven fathoms, when it began to make carbonate of
lead. Sinking deeper, the lode was found to be about 12ft. wide, and to be composed
of sandy mundic, zinc blende, and galena of low percentage. A drive at the 17
fathom level cut through about 10ft. of zinc blende and galena of about 20 per cent.
of lead. At this level a counter branch was met with composed of white quartz and
90 MINING RECORDS.
galena, free of zinc and mundic and rich for silver. At the 22-fathom level a change
took place, the galena and zinc blende forming themselves into separate leaders.
Specimens are said to have yielded 65 per cent. of lead and 400Zs. of silver to the
ton. The shaft was sunk seven fathoms below this level. There is no record of ore
raised, and the mine has not been worked for many years, (1887.)
Oodla Wirra South Mine.—Situated four miles north from the railway
station. Five 80-acre sections are held under mineral lease. The Inspector of Mines,
reporting in March, 1892, stated that there was a vast bed deposit of iron of first-
class quality, and he recommended cessation of prospecting for silver, in favor of
quarrying the iron for flux. (See GoI.D.)
Oulmina Mine.—Situated 14 miles S.E. from Mannahill. Weins of galena have
been found in various sinkings in this neighborhood. (See TRINKALEENA, &c.)
Paringa Mining Company.—A lode of black carbonate of lead was found
on this property, in addition to the copper lode. (See the WHEAL MARGARET
SILVER-LEAD MINE ; also see Copp ER.) (1887.) -
Partridge's Prospect.—Situate on section 269, hundred of Noarlunga. The
Inspector of Mines examined this property in 1890, and reported that an outcrop of
heavy spar could be traced 200ft., striking east and west, and underlying N. 53°. A
shaft had been sunk, and a pit 150ft. to the east, each exposing the lode. Samples
from surface ironstone and barite gave 5dwts. of silver per ton; another, from shaft,
28ozs. 16dwts., in barite and chloride of silver—the latter an unusual association with
heavy spar, and noteworthy, as much silver may have been lost in other mines in the
spoil-heap from want of knowledge of this possibility.
Patsey’s Springs.--One mile west from these springs a prospecting party
discovered a lode composed of galena and carbonate of lead, calcspar, and quartz.
An assay of the ore gave 70Zs. 2dwts. 11 grs. of silver per ton, and lead 57 per
cent. (1888.)
Peralilla Mine. (See IRoN,)—Situated in the hundred of Goolwa. The
Inspector of Mines reported that this property was of no value for silver, but excellent
as a flux quarry. . - *
Perseverance Mine.—Situated on section 52, hundred of Cassini, Kangaroo
Island. Some shallow shafts have been sunk, affording no information as to lodes or
formations. The Government Geologist took two samples from a heap of quartz and
zinc blende ore lying near one of the shafts: one returned—zinc 39.1 per cent.,
gold a trace, silver 12dwts. ; the other, zinc 31 per cent., gold and Silver nil. The
bedrocks are clay slates, sandstones, and quartzites. Strike, east and west; dip,
vertical and south. A little galena visible in the lodestone. .
Peter’s Hill Silver Mine.—Situated five miles east from Riverton; area
160 acres of private property. The Inspector of Mines reported (1890) that a shaft
had been put down 90ft. on a well-defined lode. Silver and a good class of copper
ore had been obtained, and assay returns for the former gave 25ozs. 9dwts. per ton,
with 40.3 per cent. of lead. A small vein of quartz gave 15grs, of gold and 6dwts, of
silver per ton. A sample of galena yielded upon assay 220zs I dwt. of silver per ton
and 75 per cent. of lead. Another shaft had been sunk, and there were winzes, but
examination could not be made because of the water in the mine. His opinion was
that this is a true lode, enclosed in argillaceous slates, and dipping east 55°, and that
the mine is worth further prospecting. .
Phillips' Mine.—Situated at Rapid Bay, 62 miles S.W. from Adelaide;
opened in 1844. The lodes of lead were close to the surface, and are said to have
yielded 75 per cent. of lead and about 23ozs. of silver to the ton. After about 50
tons of silver-lead ores had been raised the work ceased from some cause not stated.
SILVER-ILEAT). - 91.
Prince Albert Silver-Lead Mine. —Locality, about 30 miles N.E. from
Mannahill Railway Station, and about one mile and a half from the Dark Hill claims,
which have been amalgamated with this. The Inspector of Mines (1888) reported
that there was a vertical shaft 80ft. deep, from the bottom of which a crosscut had
been driven south 147ft. In the costeaning pits south of the shaft there was a large
body of quartz exposed, in which lead in the form of carbonate and sulphide could
be seen. No. 1 shaft was sunk vertically 28ft., then at an angle of 52° for 22ft.,
following the underlie. At this depth a crosscut was driven 26ft., all in lode forma-
tion, pockets of lead ore being frequently met with. Samples taken from various
places in this crosscut gave, according to returns by the Government Assayer - (1)
61 per cent. of lead, 14ozs. 1dwt. silver per ton; (2) 67% per cent. of lead and 16ozs.
16dwts. of silver; (3) 70 per cent. of lead and 21 ozs. 18dwts. silver; (4) 30 per
cent, of lead and 10ozs. 14dwt.s. silver per ton. That the lode makes in depth was
shown by the fact that at 20ft. vertical the lode is barely 6ft. wide, whilst 30ft.
deeper it has been proved for 26ft. without the hanging wall being sighted. The
strike of the lode is E.N.E., and it makes lenticular masses of ore. Further east
another shaft discloses a similar shoot of ore. The country is favorable, consisting
of micaceous and talcose schists, impregnated with thin pipe veins of ferruginous
matter. (1890.) -
Puttapa Mining Company.—Locality, seven miles north from Beltana;
area, five mineral claims. It is claimed that silver, gold, and copper have been
found on this property. No information obtainable.
Quorn Comstock.--Locality, 12 or 14 miles north from Quorn, and near
Mount Arden. A shaft has been sunk 25ft. on a massive outcrop of brown iron ore,
supposed to contain silver, but no assaying was done before undertaking the expense
of putting down a shaft. (1888.) -
Quorn Loco. Syndicate.—Formed in 1896 to work some blocks about 23
miles east from Hawker, and close to the properties of the Hawker and Broken Hill
Syndicates. A shaft has been sunk in lode formation, 60ft., said to be carrying
carbonate of lead and oxide of silver, #
Ravensberg Mine.—The Inspector of Mines reported that this mine is
situated about a mile and a half from Hahndorf, in the hundred of Onkaparinga. A
few holes had been sunk on an ironstone formation, which is about 3ft. wide, and
which is apparently a true fissure vein bearing north 10° east, and underlying west.
The ground is in an auriferous belt of country, and possibly the ironstone may carry
gold in depth. (1890.)
Rhineberg Proprietary Silver Mining Company.—A lease of 233
acres, section 38, hundred of Angas, was held by this company. The secretary
supplied the following :-There are two lodes, striking north and south, about 5ft.
wide. Two shafts were sunk and some costeaning done. Specks of galena were found
in a soft gossan in a micaceous schist country, but the company wound up for lack of
capital. (1890.)
Rhine Valley Silver Mining Company.—Locality and area of pro-
perty, six sections, 10550, 10556, 10084, 11442, 11443, 11445, and 11655–550 acres.
The secretary (April, 1890) stated that this property is on the edge of the Murray
Flats, and contains two lodes of an average width of 5ft., with a dip of 45° east.
The deepest shaft is 90ft., and a drive of 60ft. has been put in. The lode contains
galena in ironstone, with micaceous schist country; the ore is patchy. The mine
was first opened in 1888, having a good surface show. Assays have been had up to
from 300Zs. to 400Zs, silver per ton and 60 per cent, lead.
- Riversedge Mine.—Situated on the banks of the Torrens, 13 miles from
Adelaide. It was worked for copper in 1847. A lode of silver-lead was subsequently
92 MINING RECORDS.
discovered, and an assay of the ore made at the time by Dr. Davy showed the pro-
portion of silver to be about 627ozs. to the ton of ore. The works were stopped for
want of capital.
Robertstown Silverfields.-Locality, about 28 miles from Kapunda, a
little east of north. Early in 1886 a discovery of silver was reported, and from 15 to
20 claims were taken out and worked. Assays were made, and results varying from
3ozs, to 300Zs. of silver per ton were reported. Numbers of shafts were put down,
one to a depth of 100ft. In May the Government Geologist examined the material
raised from the shafts and workings, and was unable to detect the presence of any
metallie minerals but iron ores and manganese, with two exceptions—Moonta
claim and Murphy's claim. In the first there were small quantities of galena and in
the second copper. This result, coupled with the absence of vein formation, led to
a doubt of the presence of silver in anything like payable quantities. He collected
samples, more especially from those points whence good assay returns were said to
have been made. These samples—22 in number—were submitted to the Government
Assayer, and out of the whole number only one, that from the Moonta claim,
yielded any silver. The result was 13dwts. per ton. As far as could be ascertained
the men working in the mines had never seen any silver ore in the stone they had
been raising, but depended altogether on the “assays,” which encouraged them to
continue, but much money, time, and labor were wasted in searching for a metal
which does not exist in appreciable quantities in this locality. (1886.)
Royal Keyneton.—Locality, hundred of North Rhine, part of sections 825,
826, and 828. The Inspector of Mines reported (1889) that several shafts had been
sunk, but none to any great depth ; but a main shaft was being put down by nine
men. The surface is covered by a stratum of limestone, which appears to show
synclinal and anticlinal formations, and large modules of galena, rich in lead and
carrying a fair percentage of silver, were observed, but in limited quantity. In the
main shaft there is a bed of gypsum with veins of iron and specks of galena in the
cleavage, probably deposited by infiltration. In the old workings there is a vein of
blende and galena. A great deal of costeaning was done, but nothing was found
except nodules of galena enclosed in limestone. There are two ironstone “blows * *
showing lead, but in small quantity. The mineral indications warrant efforts at
development. -
Royal Mint.—Locality, three miles N.E. from Finke's Springs. A prospecting
shaft was sunk alongside a large outcrop of iron ore. (1889.) No recent information.
Rufus Silver-Lead Miine.-Situated in Bimbowrie paddock, near Mount
Victor, about 12 miles from Teetulpa. The Inspector of Mines reported that the
ground is favorable for silver-lead lodes, being composed of fine micaceous schist.
The claim is opened up to a very limited extent, there being only two pits sunk, each
showing a lode formation. A branch on the footwall carries lead ore, a sample of
which assayed 10 per cent. lead, and 13ozs. 6dwts. silver per ton. Other samples
yielded 9ozs. 10dwts, silver and 4grs. of gold per ton. The lode should be followed
down on the underlie. (1889.)
Scott’s Creek Mine.—Situated about three miles from Callington Railway
Station, and a mile and a half from the Aclare Mine. There is a large formation,
which bears north and south and dips west. The Inspector of Mines reports that,
judging from the excavations, a large quantity of lead ore must have been obtained
from an irregular lenticular body. In the south stopes there are veins of ore dis-
tributed through a formation of 12ft., but not in anything like payable quantities.
Taking the surface indications, it appears as if, where the large mass of ore was
found, at least four branches joined, and a further search northward should be made
for a continuation. There are some geological features which this mine bears in
common with the Aclare in the regular splitting of the lodes, the difference being
that in the latter they are south, whilst here they are north. A vertical shaft has
been sunk 120ft. on the west or hanging-wall side of the lode, and a crosscut is now
SILVER-LEAD. . 98.
in 43ft. westerly, intersecting veins of mineralised quartz and galena; but there are
no extensive bodies, so that an extension will be required to cut the footwall of the
lode. This mine, like others in the neighborhood, can be developed cheaply, and a
low-quality ore can be made to yield profits, as there is plenty of water for dressing
purposes. The mine is considered worthy of further testing. (1890.) [Not E.-
In the copper section of the “Record ” there occurs a transposition. The reference
to a more recent visit of the Inspector, and the statement that the locality is
“favorable for copper as well as silver mining,” belongs rightly to this paragraph."
Sellick’s Hill.—Situated one mile and a half east from Aldinga Bay and five
miles south from Aldinga. Silver-lead was found in the hills about a mile from the
township. Some holes were put down, but no results are on record. The Inspector
of Mines reported that the strata consists of a crystalline blue limestone; but westward
of the workings there are bands of blue clayey slate, striking S.S.W. and N.N.E.
Very little work was done; but gossany iron-ore, with veins of calcite were met with.
Half a mile south a large quartzite iode carries specks of galena. Assays from the
northern end of the claim are said to have yielded 7 ozs. silver to the ton ; but the
general features of the property do not encourage prospecting. (1889.)
South Australian Broken Hill Mine.—Locality, about eight miles S.E.
from Oulnina woolshed. A shaft was commenced (June 3rd, 1888) on a lode striking
E.N.E., and underlying to the southward at an angle of about 45°. It is composed
of quartz and oxide of iron, with carbonate of lead and copper. The width varies
from lift. to 6in. The shaft was not sunk to a sufficient depth to show whether the
lode is likely to be permanent or not, nor are the surface indications such as to indi-
cate the presence of a large permanent lode. It is worth being prospected in a more
energetic manner, but the published reports concerning it appear to be greatly
exaggerated. The samples of ore brought from the mine assayed 360Zs. Ildwts.,
4202s., 8ozs. 10dwts., 8ozs., and 11ozs. of silver and a trace of gold per ton. On a
second visit to the property the Government. Geologist was not permitted to descend
the shaft; but on a subsequent occasion the Inspector of Mines inspected, after which
he reported that he did not observe any lead on the mine, nor could he by assay of
samples detect the presence of silver or lead. This fact points to the probability that
the lode seen by the Government Geologist (1888) had either not been followed
down, or that the mineral deposit he saw had been worked out. -
Snug Cove.—The Inspector of Mines reported (1889) that there are several out-
crops on the hillside within a few chains of high-water mark at Snug Cove. In one,
lead being found, an underlie shaft was sunk 35ft. carrying the lode down. . It strikes
east and west and dips south. It is a fissure lode, and its constituents favor the
occurrence of shoots of lead ore, and was said to carry lead in the form of
carbonates and sulphides. The enclosing country consists of micaceous slate, and
is favorable for the existence of lead lodes. -
South Australian Prince Albert.—Locality and area — mineral licence
7439, near Giles' Nob, Oulnina Run, covering 80 acres. - -
Sunbeam Claim.—This lies adjacent to the Rufus Mine, near Mount Victor.
A shaft has been sunk upon the property, opening to view a ferruginous quartz lode,
carrying bunches of silver-lead ore -
Talisker Mine.—This mine, which lies 15 miles south from Normanville, and
about three miles north of Cape Jervis, was opened about June, 1862, and was
worked till about June, 1872. There are four or five lodes, but only one—the
Talisker lode —was worked. The bearings of two of them were N. 6° W., and of the
others N. 40° E., and the average underlie was about 2ft. per fathom. The width
varied from 6in. to 22ft. On the surface the ore consisted of arseniates, phosphates,
and carbonates, and at 10 fathoms below the surface, galena. Some of the surface
ore went as high as 2000Zs. of silver to the ton, but the average of the mine was
about 400Zs. of silver. The veinstone associated with the metallic minerals is arsenical

94 MINING RECORDS.
pyrites and quartz; in some places zinc blende. The country rock is crystalline
schist. Seven shafts were sunk, the deepest being 432ft., and various drives were
put in for a total length of 3,500ft. The ore was found intermixed with quartz,
arsenical pyrites, and indurated slate; it was also found in shoots of various lengths
and widths. These shoots dipped south at an angle of about 50°. The arsenical
pyrites contained gold, silver, lead, iron, arsenic, and sulphur; and in some places
blende, but none of these Iminerals were in sufficient quantity to pay for extraction.
The foregoing information was supplied by Mr. W. H. Price, M.E., and the
following is gathered from extracts from a letter in the possession of Messrs. Harry,
Harvey, & Co.:-The proceeds of ore raised were about £16,000. The gross pro-
ceeds of silver-lead sold were £29,885 15s., ranging from £27 10s. 9d. to £39 16s. 6d.
per ton of 20cwt. The average cost of freight, commission, and all other dis-
bursements in silver-lead sold in London was 6% per cent. The quantity of silver-
lead shipped was 939 pigs, and 30,593 ingots, the total weight being 889 tons
4cwts. 04rs. 4lbs. of 20cwts, to the ton. The percentage of silver contained in the
lead ranged from 63ozs. to 91 ozs. 13dwts. 20grs. per ton. The lead was sold at
£16 12s. 6d. to £22 per ton; the larger quantity at £17 5s. per ton. The silver sold
at 5s. 43d. to 5s. 6d. per ounce, the larger quantity at 5s. 53d. The lead produced
in 1870 contained an average of 6902s. 12dwts, 11grs ; and in 1871 the average rose
to 860Zs. 9dwts. 4grs., being an increase of 233 per cent. of silver per ton of lead.
The mine stopped working for want of capital. Working having been resumed
on this property in 1890, the Inspector of Mines reported upon it, stating that there
is a series of lodes on the claim, 197 acres, four of which are on section 1554,
whilst on Campbell's Creek Mine, now part of the Talisker property, there are three
more. On the main lode, known as the Talisker, four shafts have been sunk, and
hundreds of feet of drives put in. The width of the lode varies from 12in. to 22.ft.,
and carries the richest ore in shoots dipping south, whilst large pockets of ore
make at times into the hanging wall. These yield many tons of good ore. The
composition of the lode is quartz, arsenical pyrites, indurated slate, and galena, and
it is very suitable for concentration. From the records obtainable the lead carried
1 oz. of silver per unit, so that 50 per cent of lead would carry 50ozs. of silver,
making the present value £14 10s. per ton on the mine. The situation of the mine
gives special facilities for dressing and sending the ore away by sea. The mine
being full of water, the Inspector could not examine the underground workings,
but quotes Captain Tresize, manager of the Broken Hill Bonanza, who formerly
worked in the Talisker Mine, and who states that the ore portions of the main
lode carry a good percentage of high-grade argentiferous galena, of much better
quality than any of the sulphide ores met with on the Broken Hill Proprietary
line of lode; and he has often wondered that so valuable a property was allowed to
lie idle so long. The Inspector of Mines again examined the mine in April, 1890,
and confirmed his previously-expressed conviction of the value of this property.
In 1897 a description of work then being carried on stated that the lode in Hale's
winze was being sunk upon, a depth of 136ft. having been reached. The lode was
4ft. 6in. wide, containing sulphide ore of good quality. The water in Glyde's shaft,
280ft deep, was being forked, and development was to proceed. - - -
Teatree Gully Silver Mine.—Situated not far distant from Modbury, and
recently visited by the Inspector of Mines, who reported that it contains an immense
outcrop of ironstone, apparently striking north and south, and traceable for two
miles. In a large excavation, fully 100ft. in diameter and 30ft. deep, a shaft 150ft.
deep had been sunk, showing a lode of compact ironstone the first 20ft. ; it is then
thrown out of the shaft to the west, and for 30ft. the shaft goes through sand drift,
changing at that point into stone, which goes to the depth mentioned. A crosscut
west intersects the lode at 25ft. from the shaft, and at that depth it is found to
consist of honeycombed quartz, oxide of iron, and a nice gossan, with stains of
copper. The general appearance of the lode is favorable to the theory of it becoming
charged with pyrites and gold-bearing in depth. The crosscut is in a highly
mineralised strata, full of quartz stringers, showing pyrites and carbonate of copper,
and this should be driven further, and the mine tested to water level. (1890.)
SILVER-LEAD. 95.
Three Blocks Syndicate.—The property is on the Oulnina Run, near
Mannahill, and a wide quartz reef containing galena is being sunk upon. It strikes
north and south and has smooth walls. The percentage of galena it contains is
small. -
Trinkaleena Mine.—Situated about 16 miles east from Mannahill. Several
shallow shafts have been sunk on a small galena vein. The most northerly of these
is about 25ft. deep, on a leader composed of quartz, galena, and iron pyrites, 4in. or
5in. thick, stained with copper. The percentage of galena is small. The second
shaft, 10ft. deep, is on a vein of galena, with gossany quartz, striking E.N.E. In
the third shaft, about 25ft. deep, the vein of galena is larger and richer than that in
the other shafts; the wall is also better defined. There are shallow shafts and holes
in the neighborhood, but no ore of importance appears to have been obtained from
them, nor (in 1888) had any work been done for some time.
Uncle Tom Silver-Lead Mine. —Locality, Mingary. The report by the
Inspector of Mines states that near the top of a round hill there is a formation about
3ft. thick, striking N.E. and S.W., with a dip 20° N.W. A vertical shaft, 9ft. deep,
had been continued on the underlie 20ft., and a little lead showed, intermixed with
mica schist. In open trenches near the shaft several tons of good cubical and steel-
grained lead ore were obtained. The costeaning done had not proved the ground
properly, but the strata is unfavorable for permanent lodes. The claim is in a
mineralised belt of country, and deserves, further and systematic prospecting. A
trial of samples by the Government Assayer gave 723 per cent. of lead and 41ozs. of
silver per ton. (1890) -
Victoria Mint Silver Mining Company.—This property is at Mount
Serle, adjoining the Imperial Mint Company's claim.
Victory Mine.—Situated 17 miles east from Leigh's Creek. It is stated that
the lode is about 15in. wide, and that a sample sent to Adelaide assayed 35ozs.
10dwts. silver, # per cent. nickel, and 54 per cent. copper.
Warrioota Silver Mine (Beltana Broken Hill). —Situated two miles
south from the Ediacara Mine; area, five 80-acre sections It was examined in 1892
by the Inspector of Mines, who reported that this mine was first worked in 1887 by
the Beltana Broken Hill Company, when the outcrop of the lode along the face of the
hill was stripped for a distance of 300ft. ; Lewis's tunnel was driven east 150ft., and
winzes and drives were put in. There is a large formation composed of calcareous
sandy clay covered by crystalline limestone. Small ferruginous sandstone veins
traverse the formation, which also carries small quantities of cerussite of no value.
The old workings do not show anything payable. In another tunnel more ore is
present, and very fair patches of galena. Samples taken assayed 2002s. 8dwts. of
silver per ton and 523 per cent. of lead. Exploration should, in the opinion of the
Inspector, be continued.
Watervale.—Near to this village a shaft was sunk some years ago for silver.
It is down 30ft. in brown iron ore ; simply a bed or capping of iron ore, and not a
lode, and there is no chance of obtaining silver in it. (1889.) - -
Watson’s Workings.-Locality, Rose Tennant Paddock, east from Hawker.
The Government Geologist in 1896 examined this prospect, which was on a bar of
siliceous, calcareous rock, kaolin, and sandstone, through which specular iron is
largely disseminated. No lode formation. Assays showed no trace of silver or gold,
and indications warranted only a small amount of prospecting. - •
Waukaringa.-A few miles westward of Blackfellow's Reef, some years ago
galena was found in an excavation a few feet deep, on a ferruginous quartz lode.
An assay showed that this ore contained 12ozs. 14dwts. 1991's, of silver to the ton.
96 MINING RECORDS.
Wepowie and Niltibury Mine.—Locality, seven miles N.W. from Blin-
man, on the Moolooloo sheep run; area, 640 acres. Mr. Henry Sutcliffe reported
that there are three lodes—two north and south, respectively, 15ft. to 20ft, and 10ft.
to 12ft. wide, and one east and west 20ſt. wide ; three shafts 0ft., 96ft., and 87ft.
deep ; and 210ft. of drives. The matrix of the ore is quartz and ironstone, and the
nature of the country rock is siliceous limestone, with dykes of sandstone, quartzite,
and clay slate. The galena gives 50 to 723 per cent. of lead, and from 3ozs. to
12ozs. of silver per ton, and the quartz from 6dwts. to 15dwts, of gold. The
Inspector of Mines reported (1889) that a great deal of work had been done on the
claim on two outcrops 100ft. apart. Strike of lode N.N.W. and S.S.E., underlying
slightly east. The percentage of lead is high (713), but the quantity of silver in six
samples did not in any instance reach 50zs. To the westward a shaft sunk 49ft.
shows a fair display of argentiferous lead and carbonate of copper. The main lode
exhibits lead in patches for two miles. Some old workings show massive lead ore.
The Mining Journal of May 7th, 1898, stated that this mine had been reopened by a
party of working miners, who were getting a fair quantity of lead from it.
West Eukaby Mine adjoins the Eukaby Hill and the Eukaby Extended
mineral sections. A large quantity of galena and carbonate of lead with manganese
and gossan has been raised from a lode at a shallow depth ; it has been traced for
some distance running N.E. and S.W., and contains silver-lead. . Three samples
from this lode when tested gave respectively 180Zs. 3dwts., 12ozs., and 360Zs. 5dwts.
of silver per ton. Although not large, the Eukaby lodes are rich in ore as a rule,
and are likely to continue to a considerable depth, and to develop larger masses of
ore when sunk upon. The bedrocks are calcareous slates and limestones. The
Inspector of Mines reported in 1890 that a considerable amount of work had been
done in sinking trial shafts along the line of the lodes. No. 5 shaft contains a true
fissure lode, 3ft. thick at the surface, and gradually widening as depth is attained.
The course of the lode is N.W. and S.E., underlying S.W. at an angle of about 75°.
The matrix of the lode is argentiferous ironstone, highly favorable for carrying shoots
of silver-lead ore in lenticular branches. Assays also prove the iron to be auriferous.
There are parallel lodes which could be proved by crosscuts from this shaft. There
are favoring indications in the other shafts, one of which is down 90ft., and another
60ft., and there has apparently been legitimate effort to prove the ground, the mineral
indications being very encouraging. Capital should be employed to put the shafts
down to a greater depth, and there is little doubt the company would be rewarded
by finding mineral deposits of value. The mine continued working until water-level
was reached, and then a crosscut was driven 37ft. ; but the lack of capital prevented
the purchase of machinery, and operations were suspended.
Western River Silver Mine.—Locality, the mouth of the Western
river, Kangaroo Island. In the latter part of 1898 the Government Geologist
examined this property, and his report states that open cuts have been made in a
quartz formation, which extends east and west, and in which carbonate of lead of
good percentage was found. The metalliferous portion is 1ſt, to 2ft, wide. With
the exception of one winze sunk in the bottom of the open cut, the lead ore does not
appear to have been prospected in depth. There is a fair possibility of the ore
exposed in the open cuts continuing downwards. The mine is only in a prospecting
stage, though the work was commenced in 1892. (See also KANGARoo IsLAND.)
Wheal Coglin Mine.—This property is three miles from Rapid Bay. Several
shafts were sunk from 7 fathoms to 35 fathoms in depth. About 70 tons of ore were
shipped to England and sold at about £14 per ton. The lodes ranged from 6in.
to 2ft. in width, and consisted of barytes, gossan, and silver-lead of good quality.
(1887.) No recent records. . . .
Wheal Ellen Silver Lead Mine.—Situated on section 2728, Strathalbyn.
It was opened in 1857, was in active operation in 1860, and afterwards lay idle for
many years. The following account is compiled from papers supplied by Mr. John
SILVER-LEAD. 97
Harvey:—The mine is situated on top of a hill 40 fathoms above the bed of the
creek. The lode on the back for many fathoms in length is carbonate of lead rich in
silver. It is from 4ft. to 5ft. wide on the average and underlying to the east about
2}ft. to 3ft. in the fathom: the shoots of ore dip north. The ground about the lode
is soft white slate, a mixture of clay and mica, and very soft for working. Five shafts
have been sunk, namely, the Main, McCourt's, New, Corkscrew, and North. Three
of them are sunk to depths of 20 fathoms, 60 fathoms, 40 fathoms, and a number of
drives and levels have been put in. About £35,000 was expended on the mine up
to the close of the year 1859, of which not more than one-half was for underground
work, the remainder of the sum being represented by the purchase and improvement
of the property and the building of smelting furnaces, miners' dwellings, machinery,
etc. The proceeds, during the same period, amounted to a net value in England of
£20,000. The lode in the 40-fathom level in New shaft averaged about 23 ft. wide,
and was composed of galena and zinc blende ores. Ores found in other shafts and
workings were galena, zinc blende, mundic, auriferous gossan, and carbonate of lead;
also stains of blue and green carbonate of copper. In the North shaft, at a depth of
25 fathoms, a branch of rich copper ore, about 3in. wide, was met with, and at 26
fathoms the width increased to 10in., and consisted of red oxide, black oxide, and
grey copper ores. During 18 months’ work about 2,000 tons of lead ore were raised,
and yielded 90,000ozs. of silver. Specimens of the auriferous gossan, assayed by
Messrs. Johnson & Sons, London, yielded gold at the rate of 4ozs. per ton, silver
45}ozs. per ton, and 59 per cent. of lead. The country rock consists of mica schist,
micaceous sandstone, and quartzite. The Inspector of Mines reported upon it at the
end of 1889, stating that thousands of pounds must have been spent upon it in
former years, but though there were raised during one term of 18 months 2,000 tons
of ore that yielded on an average 45ozs, silver to the ton, the smelting appliances
were so defective that great loss of metal must have been sustained. A piece of
lead with slag attached, picked up from the slag heap, produced when tried by the
Government Assayer 50zs. 9dwts. of gold and 2690Zs. of silver per ton, and 96 per
cent. of lead. The lode has been opened up about 1,000ft. on its course, and
hundreds of feet of drives exist in levels from the 10 fathoms to the 60 fathoms. A
gossan lode, 2ft. wide, shows in Spence's shaft, which is kindly in character and yields
fair prospects for gold. The lode in Bassett's shaft, at the 50-fathoms level, holds a
large block that would pay for working, and it is composed of quartz, cubical and
antimonial galena, and sometimes zinc. The hanging portion of the lode resembles
the Aclare ore. The main portion of the lode in this part of the mine has probably
not been cut. The auriferous nature of the whole of the lode formation is an
important feature. The mine is comparatively untried. It was understood that
operations might be resumed, when, by sinking the shafts and opening new levels,
and providing dressing machinery suiting the nature of the ores, good returns may be
hoped for. Galena from the 50 fathoms level assayed 40 per cent. lead and 24 ozs.
13dwts. silver per ton. Gossan and ironstone gave gold as well as silver. (1890.)
Wheal Gawler.—Locality, Glen Osmond, adjoining the Wheal Watkins on
the north. It was the first mine opened in the province. On account of the dis-
covery of rich specimens of galena on the surface the land was purchased and mined.
Work was started in May, 1841, and several tons of very pure galena were raised.
From a trial made in England the yield was, dressed ore 77 per cent. lead and 1902s.
4dwts. 4grs, silver per ton; undressed, 613 per cent, lead and 1902s, 2dwts. Agrs.
silver per ton. In 1848 an assay made by C. E. Schonne, Calcutta, of 107 slabs of
bullion sent from the smelting works, Glen Osmond, yielded at the rate of 35ozs.
silver to the ton, and one small one went as high as 70ozs. to the ton. The 107 slabs
were the produce of the common carbonates, and the small slab was from the average
ores, (1887.) - - - - -
Wheal Margaret.—This is situated in the Mount Barker District, and was
leased from the Paringa Mining Company in 1848. It appears to have been worked
up to the outbreak of the Victorian goldfields, in 1851. In the old workings it is
apparent that a large bunch of ore was taken from about the 7-fathoms to the
G
98 MINING RECORDS.
15-fathoms level. At this point the lode was contracted to about 1ſt. in width by a
“horse” of exceedingly hard quartz. There is no record of the amount of ore raised
during the first working of the mine. Work was resumed for about six months in a
later year under the direction of Captain Price, who supplied the following:—There
are three lodes, bearing from N. 10° E. to N. 5° W., and having an underlay of from
18in to 2ft. in the fathom easterly; widths varying from 2ft. to 12ft, and the ores
composed of galena mixed with zinc blende, and occasionally small strings of copper
ore. The veinstone associated with the metallic minerals is a flinty and v, ry hard
quartz, together with a flucan of chlorite on the hanging wall, with some veins of
copper. The country lock is metamorphic slate. The ore, when properly dressed,
will assay from 50 per cent. to 60 per cent. of lead and 5202s, to 800Zs. of silver to
the ton. Thirty-five tons of ore yielded, on assay, from 45ozs. to 55ozs. of silver to
the ton. Three shafts, the deepest being 15 fathoms, have been sunk to the water
level, and the drives and levels extend about 200ft. The ore occurs in shoots and
small veins of about 3in, thick. Parliamentary Paper No. 83 of 1860 states that
Mr. Jno. Bentham Neales first smelted lead by the Cumberland process at this mine
in 1850. The first stampers used in the colony were erected on this property, and
the first colonial-made pumps and lifters were used to keep the water under. (1887.)
Wheal Mary.—An old silver-lead mine near Normanville. There are several
shafts along a north and south line. In one or two places there is a little galena in
calcspar. There is also some gossany ion ore in the limestone, apparently in cavi-
ties. The bedrock is composed of limestone. (1886.) - .
Wheal Rodgers.--This is a claim three or four miles north-west from Blin-
man, upon which a ferro-calcite and limestone outcrop was (1889) being prospected,
and a yellow earthy gossan, with brown iron ore and manganese, was being raised,
Wheal Rose Mine.—Amalgamated with the Wheal Margaret.
Wheal Watkins Mine.—Situated near Glen Osmond, four miles from
Adelaide; freehold section 910. It was opened in 1843 and remained steadily
productive until the year of the Victorian diggings (1851). ' The Government
Geologist examined this mine in 1888, and described the lode as having a general
strike of about F. 10° S and underlying north 70° to 80°. A very large amount of
work was done in earlier years, and the upper portions of the lodes appear to have
been worked out. The total depth of the main shaft is said to be 480ft., but at that
date the workings had not been cleared out beyond the depth of 255ft. The country
rocks are clay and calcareous slates and limestone, having a low dip of 10° to 15° S.
and S.E., traversed by a fault, in which the lode has been deposited and which is
likely to continue in depth and contain rich patches or shoots of ore. There are
other lodes, such as Fink's, Gore's, &c., which have not been developed. Assays by
the Government Assayer:-(1) Galena and gossan from winze east of shaft, 40-
fathom level, silver, 200Zs. 2dwts, per ton and 67 per cent, lead; (2) from stopes 49
fathoms west, silver, 220zs. 4dwts. and 67 per cent.; (3) 220zs. 17dwts. and 57 per
cent.; (4) galena and gossan from stopes 40-fathom level west, silver, 15ozs. 14dwts.;
lead, 55 per cent. Average of silver, 200Zs. 4dwts. per ton; lead 61% per cent.
Wheelbarrow Range.—Near to Farrell’s Flat there is an old shaft which
has been sunk on a quartz vein containing galena to a depth of about 30ft. An assay
of the galena returned silver at the rate of 7ozs, per ton. The vein is small, but
worth prospecting to a depth of 50ft. or 60ft. on the underlie. Prospecting has been
done along the same line for a distance northward for about a mile, but beyond traces
of galena nothing has been found worth mentioning. (Inspector of Mines, 1889.)
Wicklow Hut.—Situated near Franklin Harbor. A shaft has been sunk on
this mine to a depth of about 30ft. on a decomposed granite dyke ºft. or 4ft. wide.
Thin galena veins have been cut, and can be easily worked, as the rock is soft.
Assays made by the Government Assayer gave—Galena (1) per ton, 1oz. 6dwts.
3grs. of silver; (2) loz. 6dwts, 3grs.; (3) 10Z. 9dwts. 99rs. (1887.)
SITIVER-LEAD. 99
Wilpena Silver-Lead.-Situated about two miles N.E. from Wilpena
eating-house and N.E. from Hawker Railway Station. A mineral discovery was
made some years ago, represented by a well-defined quartz reef from 2ft. to 4ft.
thick. The crystalline quartz of the main portion of this reef is full of thin strings
and small patches of galena; some of the patches are several cubic inches in size,
and in some places partially converted into carbonate of lead. This reef should be
thoroughly examined, because lodes similarly composed at the outcrop have fre-
quently been found to carry more valuable ores lower down, such as bournonite and
tetrahedrite. (Ulrich.) This lode is probably the same as the one in which silver-
lead ore has recently been found. In 1896 it was reported that operations had been
vigorously recommenced, and that a large quantity of ore was being raised by 16 men
for smelting. -
Wilpena Hill Proprietary.-A syndicate was formed in 1896 to work
seven 40-acre claims two and a half miles north from Wilpena Head Station, and 40
miles from Hawker. It was stated that a lode 70ft. to 100ft. wide outcrops on a hill
200ft. high, with bands of lead running through it, and splashed with galena. An
assay from a 17ft. sinking on the crown of the hill gave 20zs. of silver per ton of
gossany iron, and the lode carried lead throughout to the extent of 2% per cent. A
40ft. shaft on a parallel lode, which exhibited galena at the surface and down for
12ft., then yielded to carbonate of lead 2ft. wide and solid, assaying 32 per cent. of
lead with a little silver. A quartz leader 18in. wide also carries galena.
Willippa Silver-field.—Locality, 25 miles N.E. from Hawker. The reports
published in December, 1896, stated that in a drive 21ft. 6in. lead was showing very
freely. A body of iron had been struck, supposed to be the lode, showing lead and
gossany ironstone, and expected to turn out rich for silver.
Winckler’s Claim.—Locality, two miles S.W. from New Luxemburg. During
six months ending December 31st, 1898, 62% tons tieated gave a return of 353 tons
of lead and 6890Zs. of silver. Deepest shaft, 80ft.
Winnowie Consolidated Mine.—Situated near the Ediacara. In the
opinion of the Inspector of Mines this mine was worthy of being thoroughly
prospected. (1889.)
Wirrialpa.-A discovery of silver-lead ore was some time ago made adjoining
the Wirrialpa Mine, 20 miles east from Blinnan, and six miles north from Wirrialpa
station. Captain W. H. James, of Blinnan, considered it a most important discovery,
and stated that he had traced the outcrop for a distance of from three to four miles
in a direct line. In places quantities of galena and carbonate of lead are visible.
(1887.) This mine belongs to the South Australian Mining and Smelting Company,
and was under the same management as the Blinman Mine. At the surface galena
shows in veins traversing the soft ground, and passes into a crystalline limestone, in
which it fills irregular cavities, and forms large masses, each several tons in weight.
This main lode strikes in a north-westerly direction, and is crossed by another in
which baryta is associated with galena and carbonate of lead. A vertical shaft has
been sunk 120ft., and at 60ft. both lodes were being driven upon. Though the galena
occurs irregularly in the limestone, still it has every appearance of continuing in
depth and yielding a good supply of ore. Several other shafts have been sunk on
veins of galena and on iron ore with copper. The ore raised is estimated at 60 tons,
averaging 70 per cent. of lead and 5ozs. to 80Zs. of silver per ton. The geological
formation is the same as that at Blinnan, and similar dykes of igneous rock have
tilted up the strata, which in many places are twisted and contorted, and vary in dip
from horizontal to vertical. It is likely that metalliferous deposits will be found at
the junction of the igneous dykes and stratified rocks. The Inspector of Mines
reported in 1889 that the surface prospects exhibited galena in ironstone, baryta, and
calcspar. There was an underlie shaft going down 50ft. The lode formation was
regular, and its constituents were ironstone, quartz, and limestone. A vertical shaft
100 - MINING RECORDS.
put down 73ft. was not deep enough to strike the lode, but was continued on an
underlie 56ft. on what appeared to be lode formation. The locality is favorable, and
the mine is well situated, but only large deposits of mineral can be worked at a profit,
because of the low value of the ore and the distance from a market. A favorable
feature is the entire absence of minerals of a refractory nature. In depth the lead is
several ounces per ton better value for silver than at the surface, and the ground is
cheaper to work. On the surface large quantities of lead can be seen in the outcrops.
A great deal of work has been done, smelters have been erected, and a large quantity
of machinery has been placed on the mine. Taking all things into consideration,
the mine has been opened up at a moderate cost, and promises to become remunera-
tive. Correspondence in the Register (10/8/98) intimated that the mine was again
closed down, after a party consisting of three men and a lad had worked for three
weeks, and had dispatched 11% tons of lead ore.
Winning Hope Silver Mining Company.—Three mineral leases
held in 1890, about 12 miles N.E. of Wadnaminga township, 775-6-7. A shaft had
been put down 177ft., a drive from the 100ft. level 180ft., and a winze at the end
of the drive 66ft. No intimation of further development or results.
Woodhouse Estate.—On sections 1150-l, hundred of Onkaparinga, an out-
crop of siliceous magnetite contains (according to assay procured by the Acting
Inspector of Mines, in 1890) loz. 12dwts. of silver per ton. There is likely-looking
alluvial ground at the “Devil's Hole” and towards Carey's Gully on this estate.
The following mining ventures are grouped as having had an existence, and to
some extent been worked, but in respect of which no recent information has been
procurable:— . -
BELTANA KING.—Mineral claim 10927, south of Beltana Broken Hill claims.
BELTANA SouTH SILVER MINING CoMPANY.--Two mineral leases, 10925 and
10926, 106 acres, adjoining the above. * . -
BELTANA WHEAL TERRELL MINING SYNDICATE.—Three mineral claims, com-
prising 240 acres, near Beltana.
BELTANA WINNow IE SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—Two mineral claims east of
and adjoining the Beltana Broken Hill property.
BEN LoMond MINE.—This mine was known as Chambers' Mine. Locality 10
miles south of Adelaide. (See also GoLD.) -
BLAck HIELs PROPRIETARY SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—Locality, 16 miles
S.E. of Kooringa. . . - - - -
FINKE's MINE-Locality, Glen Osmond. Not much done, and work ceased many
years ago. * , - - -
FLINDERs SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—Area, 80 acres, situated at the old
Wirrialpa Station, Blinman. - !, . -
GREAT' ExTENDED BELTANA SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—Area and locality,
mineral claims 11830, 11831, 11832, 11833, 11834, 11835, 11836, 11837, and
11901, Beltana. -
GREAT MoUNT LYNDHURST SILVER MINING ComPANY. —Two mineral sections,
11369 and 11370, 160 acres, 30 miles north of Beltana.
GREAT NEVADA SILVER MINING CoMPANY. —Two mineral claims, 10449 and
10450, 160 acres, situated at Wirrialpa.
JoHN BULL SILVER MINING SYNdicate.—Eight mineral blocks, 580 acres,
three miles N.E. of Westward Ho. - . . . . . .
SILVER-LEAD. 101
JUBILEE SILVER MINING ComPANY.—Two mineral claims, 10686 and 1160,
160 acres, 12 miles N.E. of Wirrialpa Silver Mine,
KEYNETON.—There were one or two silver-lead prospects in this neighborhood,
but working ceased many years ago. -
LADY SMITH SILVER MINING Com PANY.—Two mineral claims, 11129 and
11130, at Wilpena. -
LAKE ToBRENs SILVER MINE.—Four leases, situated immediately south of the
Ediacara Silver Mine, Beltana; changed hands in 1890.
MAMMOTH SILVER MINING PROPRIETARY CoMPANY.—Locality of property,
Wallaipa. - - -
MARGARET SILVER-LEAD MINE.—See Paringa.
MID-North ERN MINING Comſ PANY.—Ten mineral licences were held in various
localities.
MoUNT FREDERICK SILVER MINING Association.—Property held 373 acres,
at Rhine Valley.
MoUNT JAMEs.—Nine mineral claims, near Beltana.
MoUNT RoKBUCK SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—Two mineral claims, 10972 and
10973, 160 acres, at Blinman. -
MULDANIPPA HILL SILVER MINING CoMPANY.—A claim situate near Oulnina.
NAGKARA MINING CoMPANY.—This company held 80 acres, part of section 184,
hundred of Coglin, and block 12307, situate within six miles of the Oodla Wirra
Railway Station. -
NoNPAREIL SILVER MINING SYNDICATE.—Fourteen mineral claims, each 80
acres, situate on Oulnina run, -
NoFTH GLADSTONE,-Near Great Gladstone.
NEw WARRIootA SILVER MINE.— '.
PRov1NCIAL MINING CoMPANY.—Property situated five miles S.E. of Adelaide.
No records obtainable. -
PULPARA AND CARoonA UNITED. Locality, Pulpara and Caroona. Property
held under mineral licences. No records.
REPUBLIC.—Situated on the Mingary line of reefs.
SPRINGFIELD FREEHold SILVER-LEAD MINING SYNDICATE. —Sections 921,
1004, and 1076, 240 acres, near the Eagle-on-the-Hill, and adjoining the Eagle
Silver Mine. - - -
STANDARD SILVER MINING SYNDICATE.--Mineral block of 80 acres, at Glen
Osmond. - - - - - -
TowrTTA SILVER AND LEAD MINE.—Situated on sections 157 and 158, hundred
of North Rhine. - - - -
WHEAL EMMA MINING CoMPANY.—This was in existence in June, 1854.
WHEAL GRAINGER.—Situated five miles S.E. from Adelaide
WHEAL TYRELL PRosPECTING CoMPANY.—A property near Winnowie. Two
shafts were sunk near an iron ore “blow ’’; no satisfactory result reported. (1888.)
Wolse[EY MINE.-Situated near the Beltana prospecting ventures in the Mount
Serle district. - .* . . . . . .
The subjoined list of silver mines in existence in 1869 shows by prefixed
asterisk (*) those which were at work –"Almanda, “Ben Lomond, Campbell's
Creek, *Glen Osmond, *Talisker, *Wheal Coglin, and Wheal Ellen.
102 - MINING RECORDS.
Adams’s Property.—Locality, Kuitpo. In December, 1890, the Acting-
Inspector of Mines reported that a shaft had been sunk 130ft., but that there were
no indications of payable gold being found. . . -
Adelaide Gold and Silver Mining Company.—(see CoPPER.)
Aitchison’s Claims.—Locality, sections 81, 82, and 84, hundred of Coo-
mooroo. The Inspector of Mines reported in February, 1895, and recommended
that the large lode on 82 should be thoroughly tested. The sample assayed from
near the surface gave only lawt. of gold per ton; better results might be got at
depth.
Ajax Gold Mining Company—(see NEw AJAX.)
Aladdin.—After sinking a shaft 9ft., excavating costeans 75ft., sinking a
main shaft 48ſt., and driving 7ft., operations ceased.
Algebuckina Gold Diggings.--(See PEAKE.)
Alma and Victoria Gold Mine.—This mine is situated 16 miles west
from Teetulpa Goldfield; said to have been the discovery of a shepherd, about 1872.
Several companies were floated, but subsequently collapsed, the primary cause of the
successive abandonments being the scarcity of water and the expense of cartage.
On this mine a very large sum of money has been spent in developments and experi-
ments in the extraction of gold from its matrix. Up to the 31st March, 1890, it
was estimated that £142,884 17s. 11d. had been spent on the mine, including
#124,375 12s. 10d. paid for wages and materials and working expenses, and £18,509
5s. 1d. on plant, machinery, and buildings; and the quantity of gold obtained was
22,917ozs. I dwt., valued at £91,747 5s. 4d. The management at that date spoke
hopefully of the future of the mine. There are four lodes upon the property, having
a strike of about 15° north of east, and underlying south about 30°, with an average
width of 5ft. Water level was reached at 160ft. The ore consists of arsenical
pyrites, associated with carbonate of lime and quartz, and occurs in shoots and
patches, and the gold is so coated with pyrites as to be undistinguishable. In 1889
the Government Geologist inspected this mine from the surface to the bottom of the
workings, about 600ft, on the underlie, where a large reef of pyrites was being
stoped underhand. To avoid the disadvantage of working in this manner a new
main vertical shaft was in progress. The following treatment was adopted for the
extraction of gold :—The crushed ore was run from the stamps into Denny pans,
used as concentrators, no quicksilver being placed in them. When these pans had
run for some time the heavy pyrites and gold left behind (the fine pyrites and slime
having been washed away into settling pits) were taken out, roasted, and amalga-
mated in a 1Jenny pan. Tailings belonging to previous crushings were also passed
through at the same time. Samples of the waste tailings from the pans assayed on
the average 1dwt. 8grs, of gold per ton, showing that at the time there was very little
loss of gold, and that the concentration was as perfect as need be. It also showed
that the ore, which is chiefly pyrites, is not difficult to treat. Specimens of the
pyrites from the bottom of the mine were taken at the same time and found to
contain gold at the rate of 8dwts. and 17dwts. per ton. The Inspector of Mines
reported that this mine was a very important one, employing on an average 140
hands, and the plant was reducing 300 tons of stone per week. Rock-drills were to
be used, and the company proposed to increase their crushing power 50 per cent,
a course fully warranted by the quantity of stone in sight. The manager, Mr.
Hosking, stated that there were two east and west lodes, with a southern underlie of
GOLD. - 103
about 32°; the north lode 7ft. and the south lode 2ft. 6in. wide. There were 12
shafts, the two deepest being 1,180ft. and 260ft., and five of these shafts followed the
dip of the lode. There were about 6,000ft. of drives in the mine. The matrix is
composed of quartz and calcspar, and the country of sandstone with occasional veins
of slate. The ore raised consisted of nearly pure sulphides, and the yield during the
six months to April, 1890, averaged 15dwts. 7grs. per ton, the gold being worth
£4 2s. 8d. per oz. The lode pinched greatly and then disappeared, and the country
was exceedingly hard. Exploratory borings by atmospheric drillings were made, but
no body of ore was discovered; and in December, 1894, the company decided upon
winding up. The machinery plant was sold and removed. At the present time the
large quantity of tailings left is being treated under the Deeble agitating cyaniding
process. - -
Alma Extended.—I,ocality, Waukaringa, west from the Alma and Victoria
Gold Mine. There are three lodes upon the property, with an east and west strike,
one being 3ft. wide, the second averaging 3ft., and the third 5ft. wide. One shaft
was put down vertically to a depth of 470ft., and 390ft. of driving was done. The
matrix of the gold consists of iron pyrites and quartz. Assays made from time to
time yielded very satisfactory results. The Inspector of Mines reported favorably,
and gave as the assay of a sample by the Government Assayer 202s. 2dwts, of gold
and 3dwts, of silver to the ton. The plant and construction expenditure on this
property to the end of February, 1890, amounted to £8,819 10s. 10d., and wages and
materials account reached £9,487 17s. 1d.; total expenditure, £18,307 7s. 11d. In
August, 1890, Mr. W. Bell presented a report to the directors, which stated that the gold
occurred probably in oblong patches, and that the stone required selection to avoid
working at a loss. He sampled and found in the stone gold up to 10Z. 12dwts, 6grs.
per ton, and in six of the 12 parcels nil; raw concentrates, 3ozs. 5dwts, 8grs. ;
roasted concentrates, 20zs. 9dwts.; tailings from amalgamating pans, loz. 9dwts.
9grs. ; and slimes, 700 yards from battery, 4dwts. 3grs. per ton. The company
stopped working in October, 1892, and wound up in November, 1898.
Angaston Prospecting Syndicate.—Workings on section 781, hundred
of Moorooroo. The Government Geologist examined this property in 1896, and
stated that water-worn gold had been found in a tertiary conglomerate resembling
the Barossa auriferous cement, and also in quartz and ironstone detritus lying upon
metamorphic micaceous sandstone and schist bedrock. In the first place examined
there was a shaft down 60ft., which, if continued, would most probably come upon
auriferous gravel or boulder wash. The debris should be prospected in each place
with a dish, to trace the gold to the reef or vein which was its source. On section
777 an ironstone vein containing gold was being prospected, and similar veins and
quartz outcrops exist on all the sections. The rock formation of the district generally
is favorable to the occurrence of gold and other metallic minerals, and is a continua-
tion of the Blumberg and Mount Pleasant auriferous rocks. Deep leads may possibly
exist in the neighborhood. . . - .
Argosy Claim.—Situated at Blumberg, near the Dan O'Connell Claim.
Shaft sinking and costeaning (October, 1896); lode not struck. Another claim
taken on the South Australian Company's land; sinking hard and wet. (1897.) It
is understood that negotiations are in progress for re-working this claim. -
Angipena Treasure Mine.—Situated on leases 330 and 331. The
Government.Geologist examined this property in 1896, and reported that on 331 a
shaft had been sunk on the underlie of a lode formation, 23ft., consisting of ferru-
ginous claystone with veins of brown iron ore, gossan, and quartz, associated with
manganese and carbonate of lime, and a brecciated formation, which appeared to be
a part of the lode ; no defined hanging wall reached, though a well-defined footwall
is shown. Strike of lode E. 20° S. The country rocks are indurated slate and sand-
stone and soft clay slates, and flags on the northern side of the lode, which has been
104 MINING RECORDS.
deposited along the line of junction of the hard and soft strata. It is not a true lode.
An outcrop can be traced along the surface, and samples taken from the formation
at shallow depths panned off a little fine gold, indicating the existence of small
auriferous veins in the main formation. If the shaft were sunk to a greater depth, the
direction of the dip of these veins might be ascertained. This formation is likely to
continue in depth. In one place it is 10ft. wide; and in another place an excavation
shows a formation 4ft. to 5ft. wide, striking E. 20° S., and dipping 55° to 60° north.
It is enclosed between hard jointed quartzite, forming a footwall, and softer flags
and slates. In lease 330 the width of the formation, as seen in the several excava-
tions, varies from 2ft, 6in. to 7ft., and in places where there is an outcrop of
hematite, brown iron, and gossan it widens to 12ft. or 14ft. Samples assayed
returned either no gold or only a trace. In the previous year the Inspector took
samples, from which an assay returned 9ozs. 19dwts. of gold and 10Z. 3dwts, of
silver per ton. Subsequently it was alleged the mine had been “salted,” and the
company working it went into liquidation. - +
Auburn Gold Mining Company.—(See BARoss.A.)
Bald Hill Gold Mining Company.—Locality, Cuttlefish Bay, Kangaroo
Island. In 1896 an association held 43 acres at about 400ft. above sea level, showing
outcrops that were believed to be auriferous, and it was stated that battery crushings
yielded 3dwts. of gold per ton; it was also stated that by the Christmas process of
extraction 12d wis. per ton was obtained; and 5 tons treated by Haycraft resulted in
15dwts. per ton. In December, 1898, the Government Geologist examined this
property, and reported that a shaft had been sunk and a tunnel driven into a large
quartz lode, 18ft. to 20ft. wide, near the top of Bald Hill. No gold is visible in the
stone, but pyrites show occasionally. The rocks and veinstones are favorable to the
occurrence of gold, but samples assayed gave no returns of gold or silver. More
surface prospecting advisable. . . -
Balhannah Mine.--This is situated on section 4048, Onkaparinga, 14 miles
E.S.E. from Adelaide. From 1867 to 1876 the mine was at work; after that date
operations were discontinued. In 1883 the mine was forked with a view to a restart,
but nothing more was done, and shortly afterwards the property was sold and the
machinery removed. The mine is now full of water. The Government Geologist's
published report (March, 1898) gave a detailed description of the mine, and stated
that the veinstones consist of gossan, brown iron ore, pyrites, quartz, spathic iron
(carbonate of iron), calcspar, &c.; and from the spoil heaps may be easily picked
out ores of copper and bismuth, native bismuth, and sulphide and carbonate of bis-
bismuth, and that gold may be obtained by washing and panning off. The metallic
minerals and metals are: copper, pyrites, native copper, carbonate of copper, native
bismuth, sulphide of bismuth, carbonate of bismuth, gold, silver, galena, zinc blende,
etc. There are eight shafts and a tunnel, and a lode formation 10ft. wide, striking
northerly, and a quartz and ironstone reef 340ft. distant in a southerly direction.
These two outcrops probably cross the main lode 80ft. to the east of the new engine
shaft. Other reef outcrops also exist, bearing a favorable appearance for metallic
minerals and gold. The trend of the main lode is about E. 20° S. and W. 20° N.;
country rocks, argillacedus sandstones, and slates, and the lode cuts through them
nearly at a right angle, so that probably the lode will live at a considerable depth.
There appears to have been a large production of bismuth, and in 1874 two parcels
were reported as shipped, assaying 200Zs. to 400Zs. of gold per ton; also that £14,577
had been the net proceeds from copper ore sold to July 1st, 1875. The mine
manager's reports described the richness of the lode, and old miners furnished the
Government Geologist with corroborative statements. Among these was the asser-
tion that at the 300ft. level there was a reef 18ft. thick unworked. The opinion of
the Government Geologist was that the mine is a valuable one for gold. The influx
of water is estimated at 8,000galls, per hour. The mine has been worked unskil-
fully, but if operations are conducted more scientifically it should give highly payable
* -: «Tº r rºl. : : - -
GOLD, 105
The late Mr. J. B. Austin contributed the following note for the former edition of
the “Records”:— - - -
The mine was first worked for copper, of which a considerable quantity was obtained near the
surface. Bismuth was found associated with the copper, and the quantity increased, until it appeared
likely to prove more valuable than the copper. Gold was found in the bismuth, and some beautiful
specimens of small nuggets of pure gold in native bismuth were met with, the precious metal being
in the proportion of 5ozs. of gold to lewt. of bismuth. Cobalt in small quantities, also antimony
and plumbago, are said to have been found in this remarkable mine. . The workings were carried
down to a depth of 50 fathoms, where there is a wide but dredgy lode, yielding about 1 ton of
bismuth to the fathom, with some copper and gold. From £25,000 to £30,000 worth of copper was
raised from this mine, and about £7,000 worth of bismuth. Some exceedingly rich specimens of
gold in ironstone gossan were obtained, and several nuggets, the largest weighing abºut 2% ozs. A
considerable quantity of white carbonate of iron is also found. -
Balhannah Freehold.—This is understood to be the name now given to the
above property, and for the working of which the assistance of English capital is
being sought. - - •
Banksia Mine (New Banksia).-Its locality is section 4261, hundred of
Onkaparinga, near Oakbank. Gold has been obtained from a series of more or less
parallel leaders, striking N.E. and S.W., and dipping S.W. 45°, through metamorphic,
granitic, and argillaceous rocks associated with granite. The veinstone consists of
quartz, cellular and ferruginous iron oxide, and micaceous iron. One shaft is sunk
to a depth of about 80ft. Fifteen tons of stone yielded about 11 dwts. of gold per
ton. Mr. J. C. F. Johnson states that a small crushing of 9 tons gave 9ozs. 6dwts.
of gold, and that assays of pyrites from the same claim have given as high as 10ozs.
per ton. The Inspector of Mines reported an examination of this mine, and stated
that there are a series of parallel leaders striking nearly east and west, with a
southern dip. Four of these have been opened upon by means of shallow shafts.
There is also a large ironstone reef cutting these at right angles, and striking north
and south, with a dip at a low angle to the east. The strata are composed of meta-
morphic and argillaceous rocks, with granite. The matrices are quartz, cellular iron,
oxide, micaceous iron, and iron pyrites, the latter assaying very high for gold.
Assays of samples taken by the Inspector to the Government Assayer gave—(1)
pyrites, 3ozs. 8dwts, of gold to the ton; (2) ditto, 20Zs. 10dwts. ; (3) north and
south lode, 1oz. 4dwts. ; (4) 6ozs, 17dwts. ; (5) quartz, 8dwts. In the former
working of this mine, 10 tons crushed at New Era Mine yielded 23dwts, per ton;
13 tons crushed at Two-in-the-Bush Mine yielded 13dwts., and 25 tons 16dwts., and
another 25 tons 17dwts. per ton; 8 tons crushed at the Bird-in-Hand Mine gave
19dwts. per ton ; 25 tons treated at the Eureka Mine gave 14dwts. per ton,
and 30 tons 10}dwts. per ton; 5 tons treated at Sandhurst, Victoria, gave 18dwts.
per ton. The total of 141 tons yielded 1060Zs. 11dwts. of gold, the average being
over 15dwts. per ton, and the value of the gold was £3 18s. 10}d. per ounce. In
these trials no effort was made to deal with the pyrites, and assays prove that they
carry the bulk of the gold. The ground is easy and cheap to work, and seven of the
lodes have been proved to be gold-bearing. (1889.) For a time operations were
resumed in 1895, but at the present time the mine is not being worked.
Baroota Nob Gold Mining Syndicate.—Mining operations were being
carried on in the hundred of Baroota when the Inspector of Mines (February, 1895)
reported. He stated that the vein worked upon was highly mineralised and auri-
ferous, and should be further prospected, as also a parallel vein about 12ft. east.
Another discovery in the locality was reported in November, 1896. No details to
hand. - - -
BAROSSA GOLDFIELD. -
This goldfield is situated in the S.W. corner of the hundred of Barossa, distant
from Adelaide about 22 miles and three miles from Gawler. It was discovered in
1868 in the gully now known as Spike Gully, which is one and a half miles long—
the prospector's claims being near the centre. The depth of sinking was from 5ft. to
20ft. Some of the claims were very rich, yielding as much as £1,000 per man. The
106 . MINING RECORDS.
rocks of the district are supposed to be of Lower Silurian age, from their lithological
resemblance to those of the Victorian goldfields; but from their highly metamorphic
appearance, and the fact that no fossils have been found, it is impossible to say
decidedly of what age they are. In several places intrusive granite dykes are met
with, and in one particular line, from Malcolm's Creek to Mount Gawler, they are
very frequent. These rocks consist of metamorphic, argillaceous, and micaceous
schists, sandstones and grits, granite, gneiss, hornblende schists, mica schists, and
quartzite, with granite, greenstone, and feldspathic dykes. As a rule they have a
uniform strike of about 20° east of north, and dip to the eastward from 35° to 70°.
There is an exception to this rule near the Bismarck diggings, where the dip is 70°
in two places, probably caused by local agency, as it does not extend far. (1887.)
BARoss A CEMENT.—The Government Geologist having reported that the auriferous
cement deposits on the Crown lands at Goddard’s Hill were worth testing, the
Minister of Mines ordered a test of 24 tons at the Mount Torrens battery. The total
result from treatment by battery and cyanide process was 11ozs. 14dwts. of gold.
The Government Geologist regarded this return as highly payable if the cement could
be treated locally, as thousands of tons of similar deposit were available. Subse-
quently two other parcels were tried — one at Mount Torrens and the other at
Petersburg Government Works; but the yield of gold was not payable.
BARoss A DEEP LEADs were the then richest diggings discovered in South Aus-
tralia; they are situated at the head and down the side of Spike Gully. The
following are some of the most important :— - - -
Cottrº's HILL LEAD crosses Moonta Gully and Moonta Hill, in the direction of
Yetti Creek. It started from the surface, going down into deep ground in ledges.
There it was rich, yielding as much as 8ozs. to 90Zs. to the tub ; but it gradually
became poorer as it crossed the gully, and did not pay to work far into the Moonta
Hill. -
EDw ARDs’ RUSH.-Two or three claims paid very well; but as the washdirt WàS
cemented, it had to be crushed. - -
ENTERPRISE.-Locality, Barossa Ranges, seven and a half miles from Gawler.
In 1886 prospectors Clode and Gaston found alluvial gold in a gutter. A deep lead
was believed to exist in a gully running north and south, and companies were
formed, and a large number of claims were pegged. A vast quantity of water and
drift were met with in sinking, and two of the companies amalgamated, procured
machinery, obtained three small subsidies from the Government, and did excellent
work. But, though the existence of a deep lead was proved, the difficulty of coping
with the water and drift-sand was beyond all available resources, and the undertaking,
with its timbered shafts and drives underneath the deep lead, was reluctantly
abandoned. - • . - - - -
GoDDARD’s HILL is on a spur between Nuggety and Gollop's Gullies. The lead
splits in two, one point coming down the point of the hill, whilst the other goes into
Gollop's Gully. . -
GREEN HILL LEAD, on the ridge between Green Hill Gully and Spike Gully, runs
in a north-easterly direction into the Red Hill. -
HITCHE's HILL LEAD, or Deep Lead, is a continuation of Victoria Hill Lead, but
is not so rich, though it paid very well down to Water Flat, where there are some
springs. Here the lead was lost, but lower down, where it ran into Walkervale
Gully, it was again payable for a short distance. The deepest sinking—120ft.—was
on the ridge at the head of Spike Gully. * - , - . . . . " .
MELv1LLE's RusH is situated about a mile from Williamstown. It starts on the
main ridge, and winds down a small spur in the direction of Victoria Creek. The
sinking was very hard, and the depth ranged from 15ft. to 20ft., All the washdirt
had to be crushed, and, except in the case of one or two claims, did not pay well.
GOLI). 107
RED HILL LEAD, between Two-Speck and Nuggety Gullies, is a continuation of
Simmons’ and White Leads. - -
SIMMons' LEAD lies between the heads of Spike Gully and Two-Speck Gully :
evidently a continuation of White Lead.
VICToBIA HILL, S.E. from Spike Gully. The sinking was from 70ft. to 80ft.
deep, and as much as 11ozs. 14dwts. of gold was taken off the bottom of the shaft,
the largest piece of gold being 7ozs, in weight. The Inspector of Mines (Rosewarne)
expressed the opinion that the reefs would probably become gold-bearing in depth to
a payable degree, but so far they were not continuous or regular. There had not
been any systematic mining, though work had been carried on for years. In con-
nection with an application for a subsidy, the Inspector of Mines reported (Nov.,
1890) that the property consisted of four amalgamated reef claims. A number of
pits, and an underlie shaft 60ft, deep had been sunk on some small segregated veins
of ironstone and quartz in soft sandstone and micaceous schist. It was stated that
1000Zs. of gold had been taken out from the old workings. S.E. of the underlie
shaft is a main vertical shaft, 150ft. deep, at the bottom of which the micaceous
schist is stained with carbonate of copper. A crosscut N.W. was advised, to prove
whether the veins continued in depth.
WHITE LEAD is situated between the head of Spike Gully and the road, and is cut
through by several small gullies. The sinking is very hard, being nearly all through
cement, with layers of sand between ; and as the washdirt was also cemented,
batteries had to be erected for crushing. Some of the cement yielded as high as
13ozs. to 14ozs. to the ton. The depth of sinking varied from 5ft. to 60ft., according
as the shafts were situated either on the top of a spur or near the edge of one of the
small gullies. The thickness of the washdirt varied from 2in. to 8in.
In PARA WIRRA very little has been done in prospecting deep leads, and the
BISMARCK is the only one that has been worked. This claim is situated on the north
side of Devil's Gully. The lead runs in a northerly direction, crossing several small
spurs and gullies; but only one carried gold. The sinking is very hard, being mostly
cement. The claim never proved payable, although some small nuggets were found,
weighing from 1dwt. to 1 oz. (1887.) -
The alluvial diggings of this goldfield are very limited in extent, and seem generally
to have derived their gold from the deep leads which they had cut through. The
most important on the Barossa side are:—
BULLocKY GULLY, which was thoroughly worked, but was not payable.
GoLLOP's GULLY, also very rich at the part where it spreads out into a little flat.
GREEN HILL GULLY paid to work for the distance of a few chains below Green
Hill Lead. - -
HAMLIN’s GULLY was rich immediately below the Lady Alice reef. The gold was
large and rough, and the largest nugget found weighed 3ozs. -
HISSEY’s GULLY paid very well, although most of the washdirt had to be crushed,
The depth of the sinking was from 15ft. to 30ft. - .
MARY's GULLY. — A number of holes were sunk, but nothing payable was found.
MoonTA GULLY paid very well.
NUGGETY GULLY was very payable, and yielded nuggets up to loz. in weight.
SPIKE GULLY was where gold was first discovered in soft ground at a depth of
from 5ft. to 20ft. The gold was nuggety, ragged, and smooth. Some of the claims
were very rich, a single one having yielded as much as £1,000. -
Two-SPECK GULLY paid to work from Spike Gully to Green Hill.
There were two or three other alluvial places worked, such as Vixen's and Devil's
Gullies, and at the diggings on the east side of Mount Gawler, where small quantities
of gold were found. . . .
“a
# , i.
; :
.*.
108 MINING RECORDS.
SIM's RusH.—Early in 1887 a discovery of alluvial gold was made on sections
Nos. 574 and 1103, near the junction of Spike Gully and Yetti Creek. The gold
was found in ordinary alluvium, which increased in depth to the northward, and also
in an old lead, being a continuation of that which was previously worked between
Yetti Creek and Spike Gully. Some of the claims were sunk to a depth of 25ft.,
but great difficulty was experienced owing to the strong influx of water. An
extension of the lead may be looked for to the northward, where the surface
indicates an area of similar “made ’’ ground. Patches of this are found on many of
the hills in the neighborhood. The trend of the newer or alluvial lead, worked
in Sim's paddock, is probably down the Yetti Creek into the South Para River. It
is impossible to state the amount of gold obtained from these diggings owing to the
reticence of the miners and the owners of the property. The rocks of the neighbor-
hood are white kaolinised clay slates, quartzose sandstones, and metamorphic granite.
BAIROSSA GOLD REEFS.
A good deal of work has been done on these reefs, though little success has been
experienced. In some instances this has been due to want of system ; in others,
even where the prospects were good, the enterprise has been abandoned for some
unknown reason; and in other instances again, payable shoots of gold have not been
followed, and vertical shafts have been sunk, striking the reef in a barren part.
AUBURN GoLD MINING CoMPANY.-Some claims were taken up on Goddard's
Hill, where a shaft was sunk 110ft. At 60ft, it passed through some gold-bearing
leaders, but these were not followed. -
A shaft was sunk to a depth of 80ft. or 90ft. in 1869, between Two-Speck and
Nuggety Gullies, but no gold was obtained. -
BARoss A.—The first auriferous reef found here was Moonta Hill, which, as far as
was worked, was not payable. -
BARoss A JUNCTroN.—-In this claim an open cut has been run 90ft. into the hill,
and at the end there is a shaft 30ft. deep sunk on a quartz reef, 3ft, to 4ft. wide,
said to carry fine gold; a winze shows that the reef dips east. Another shaft, three
chains away, is down 36ft., and the reef is stated to be 4ft. to 5ft. wide; and another
shaft is down 27ft. (1896.)
BARoss A TREASURE.—A syndicate put down a shaft 115ft., and a leader passed
through gave a high assay. It was reported that the property was sold to the
Menzies Company.
BELLE of BARossA.—Several shafts put down from 10ft, to 80ft. deep, from one
of which rich specimens were taken. Two distinct reefs worked. (1896.)
BREAKELL & CoMPANY, in 1882, put a tunnel 80ft. in length into Goddard’s
Hill, but got nothing. In 1882 they extended the tunnel to a length of 500ft.; they
sank a shaft on Cotter’s Hill to a depth of 100ft., and in driving to the west cut a flat
reef 9ft. thick, but in neither case was gold obtained. - -
Buckerried AND Coxpany's CLAIM—This lies N.W. of the Treasure. A
shaft has been put down to the depth of 90ft, on the underlie, and it is stated that
gold has been visible in some of the stone raised. -
LADY PEARCE GoLD MINE,-Locality, sections 429 and 430, hundred of Barossa.
The Government Geologist examined this mine in March, 1896. The chief workings
then consisted of two tunnels and a shaft in a steep spur 400ft. high, margining the
South Para River. There is a reef varying from a few inches to 3ft. or 4ft. in width.
The country rock consists of decomposed granite and metamorphic, argillaceous, and
talchose granitic schist and slate. Alluvial gold has been obtained in the river
below. The drives are in greenish serpentinous granite, with veins of quartz, specular
iron, clay, and gossan. The strike of the formation or reef is a little west of north in
GOLD. + 109
No. 1 tunnel, and in No. 2 it is north and south, dipping at a low angle east.
Specimens of gold obtained from rich shoots in the reefs were shown. Further
prospecting is required to test whether the stone would prove payable before any
machinery was set up. A crushing of 4 tons was reported (Register, 28/8/96) at
Gawler, which was said to have yielded 8ozs. 13dwts. of gold. During the following
August, no capital for development being available, the directors closed with a pro-
posal for amalgamation with the Menzie's mine, and that union was effected.
MALcol M’s BARoss A GoLD MINE (now BARoss A REDEMPTIon) was discovered in
1871. There is a large vertical sandstone reef, about 15ft. wide, with small leaders
of quartz. The main shaft was sunk 200ft., and at 80ft. a leader carrying gold and
20 per cent. of copper was struck. At the bottom of the main shaft a 200ft. drive
was put in to the east, and a non-auriferous reef was cut. Another shaft to the
south of the main shaft was sunk 150ft. In 1896 there was a change of ownership
and it was reported that the mine was worked with good results. .
MENZIE's BARoss A NoFTH (HoRSESHoF. BEND).-Area, 40 acres; situated north
of Menzie's Barossa. In 1896 one shaft was down 70ft., and there were several
shallow shafts. It is stated that there are seven reefs in the property, and that
assays of prospectors’ samples returned 5ozs. of gold per ton. This is now being
worked for copper, and it is stated that 5 tons of ore per week is being sent from
the mine, which is worth from 10 to 15 per cent. for fine copper.
MENZIE's BARoss A (Roy AL PHOENIX).—Area, 40 acres. In 1896 workings had
been confined to one reef, though it was stated that there were eight others in the
property. The ore consists of gossan and ferruginous quartz in a 6ft. reef, which has
been opened at the end of the tunnel. The original Menzie's Barossa Company held
two 20-acre blocks, and after existing six months it amalgamated with the Lady
Pearce, which had an area of two 20-acre blocks also. Afterwards another 20-acre
block was taken up, so that the total holding was about 100 acres. Operations were
carried on principally on the Lady Pearce blocks, but the results of crushings proved
very unsatisfactory. There was a considerable quantity of sulphide of copper in the
ore. Some special tests were made with a parcel of 206 tons of stone, and the yield
was only 3dwts. 23grs. per ton, with 1991.s. per ton in the tailings. The capital
became exhausted, and an attempt at reconstruction having failed the company
holding the property has gone into liquidation. -
NEw D1scovery.—In June, 1896, the statement was published that some pro-
spectors working in the old workings, in the vicinity of the Lady Pearce Mine,
struck the cap of a reef at 100ft., and a lode was exposed, said to be 5ft. or 6ft. wide,
and carrying gold. -
PHOENIX R.E.E.F.—A discovery of auriferous stone in this reef was reported in
September, 1895, which it was said assayed Ioz. 12dwts, per ton. -
PHOENux RoyAL GoLD MINE.—Locality, Victoria Hill; area, 40 acres. This is
now known as the Menzie's Barossa. (See above.) It was stated that there were
nine north and south reefs on the property, that tunnels had been driven, and that
the ore was in places heavily charged with gold. (Register.)
RED HILL Gold MINING CoMPANY.—About 1868 this proprietary sank a shaft
120ft. on a vertical reef. At 70ft. they got good prospects and sent a crushing to
Adelaide, but the returns not being so good as had been expected, the mine was
stopped. In 1882 the ground was again taken up. Three shafts, of depths ranging
from 60ft. to 70ft., were sunk, but without successful results. - -
Rosem AN & CoMPANY., in 1882, took up some claims in Gollop's Gully, and
opened out on a reef 3ft. or 4ft. thick. They also sank a shaft 40ft. on the same
reef, and took out a crushing, but it was not payable.
WrcroRIA GoLD MINE was taken up in 1884. From stone found on the surface,
and crushed, 35ozs. of gold were obtained. The reef first found was followed down

110 MINING RECORDS.
40ft.; a vertical shaft was sunk 150ft. to the east, but failed to cut it. A drive to
the east through very hard ground was, in 1886, put in to meet it. There are two
reefs, one striking almost due north, and the other N.E.; both dip to the east. The
prospects washed from the stone taken were very good, and proved that the reefs
were worthy of being tested in a systematic manner. The rocks are feldspathic slates
and schists, sandstone, quartzite, and grit. In an official return made in 1871 by the
Warden of Goldfields, the value of gold found on this field, from 1868 to 1871, was
estimated at £95,000. A return made by the English, Scottish, and Australian
Chartered Bank stated the amount of gold bought by that Bank from October, 1868,
to June 30th, 1870, was 5.2520zs. 4dwts. 7grs. The price paid was at the rate of
£3 17s. per ounce, and the total value represented was £20,221 0s. 6d. No recent
information, - *
WHEAL FRANCIS.–In 1896 there was a shaft down 140ft., a drive 20ft., and a reef
3ft. wide, and the stone crushed and panned, it was stated, showed gold freely.
Baum's Gold Mining Company held a 28 years' lease of portions of
section 64, Forest Range, hundred of Onkaparinga, containing 95 acres. No records.
Bendleby Mine.—Mineral claims 16371-4, in the hundred of Bendleby. A
quartz leader has been followed down 50ft., the matrix copper-stained, but lode poor.
North of the shaft is a strong quartz outcrop traceable for miles, and likely to carry
gold, but nothing has been found. -
Ben Lomond.—(See TEETULPA.)
Bertram's Reef.- (See EcHunga.)
Big Ben.—(See EcHUNGA)
Big Blow Mine, situated about four miles N.E. from Outalpa sheep station.
Area 80 acres. There are two rugged outcrops of conglomerate, Sample from depth
of 20ft. contained no mineral; the surface quartz and pyrites yielded 16grs. of gold
per ton. (Inspector of Mines, 1889.) - *
Billy Springs are 72 miles east from Farina. About one mile south of the
springs some digging has been done in shallow ground, having a limestone bottom,
strewn with quartz wash from a large reef a little to the east Gold has been found
here. The samples seen in 1884 were coarse and rough, and showed no signs of
being waterworn. - - i
Bird-in-Hand Mine.—(See Woodside.)
Bird-in-IHand Extended.—(See Woods IDE.)
Bismarck Mine.—(See PARA WIRRA) -
Bismarck Prospecting Claim.—An amalgamation of four claims, now
included in the New Lux. . The Bismarck shaft is 50ft deep, and is sunk perpen-
dicularly on a quartz vein, in which, not far from the surface, coarse gold could be
seen. The vein occurs in a solid hornblendic rock resembling amphybolite. In
Strawbridge's shaft the reef is over 4ft. wide. The quartz contains carbonate of
copper and gossan, and fine gold can be obtained by crushing and washing. (1889.)
Blackfellows' Creek Diggings were discovered about the 1st March,
1887. They are situated on section No. 292, hundred of Kuitpo, and about half a
mile above the junction of Blackfellow's Creek and the River Finniss, on an alluvial
GOLD. - 111
flat on the creek. The sinking varies from 8ft. to 10ft. in depth, and is wet. The
gold found was fine. There are wide alluvial flats, and a large extent of Crown land
available for prospecting purposes. -
Blackfellows' Reef is in the Waukaringa district. This claim is said to have
yielded the coarsest gold yet found in this locality. The vein is very thin, and con-
sists of quartz with carbonate of iron, iron pyrites, and oxide of iron in greenish
clay slate and argillaceous sandstone. The proportion of gossany quartz and iron ore
found in this and neighboring reefs is considerable ; the gold is found in both, in a
finely divided state. The lodes are strong and extend for long distances, and will
doubtless be found to continue to considerable depths when followed. (1888.)
Blacksnake Reef.--(See TALUNGA.)
Blackwood Gully is an alluvial diggings situated on section 626, hundred of
Kuitpo, and supposed to have been discovered by a Government prospecting party,
about twelve or fourteen years ago. The gully has been worked for a distance of a
quarter of a mile, and the sinking is shallow. At the upper part of the workings
there are apparently several runs of gold, and at this point a wide area has been
worked across the flat. Nuggets of moderate size have been secured, and some
very rich specimens have been got in Couch's claim. They were found at a depth
of from 10ft. to 20tt., in a vein composed of quartz, gossan, and kaolin. In April,
1887, 44 tons of stone were crushed by the New Era battery, at Woodside, and
yielded 4ozs. 11dwts, of gold. The bedrocks are kaolinised clay, and sandy slates,
sandstone, and quartzite, traversed by quartz reefs and veins. It is probable that
the alluvial gold has been derived from veins similar to those in Couch’s claim,
traversing the bedrock. This gully has been worked intermittently for several
years. It is likely that a good deal of gold has been taken from it, but, in the
absence of any records, it is impossible to form any idea of the amount. It was
reported (5/10/95) that a 1lb. nugget was unearthed at these diggings by W. Randell,
and subsequently that other finds were made in old ground.
Blue star Gold Mining Company-(see Textures).
Bolland’s Syndicate.—Locality, section 128, Uraidla. The Government
Geologist's report states that two tunnels have been driven eastward into a hill
which struck favorable-looking veins of quartz, ironstone, and pyrites, but yielded no
gold upon assay. It is probable that auriferous veins or reefs may be found on more
thorough prospecting both in this and section 41.
Bowker’s Claims.-Situated at Lovely Gully, Waukaringa, adjoining the
Broken Hill Syndicate claim. In August, 1894, it was reported that good gold was º
showing in the stone. No other information received.
Booleroo Reef.-In May, 1895, at Bunyeroo alluvial workings, a reef was
found at a depth of 25ft., and it was reported that gold showed plainly in the stone.
The reef is composed of ironstone and quartz, with a thick casing of conglomerate,
consisting of gossan, ironstone, and quartz, in which gold is visible.
- Brady Claims.-Situated fourteen miles from Mingary Railway Station.
Assay has shown to trace of gold or silver from six samples. (Inspector of Mines.)
Bremer’s Property.—Situated near Hahndorf. A shaft had (1891) been
sunk 30ft., and a crosscut driven 10ft. in argillaceous slates and sandstone. At
200ft, a pit had been sunk 8ft. on a small vein of quartz. The Inspector of Mines
thought the show not worth further expenditure. -
Brilliant Gold Mining Syndicate.—Prospectors put down a shaft at a
place near Riverton, and this syndicate was formed. A crosscut penetrated a large
body of calcite and quartz, and the hanging wall of an ironstone lode, outcropping at
112 MINING RECORDS.
the surface, was met with, the lode being 4ft. wide. The large ironstone lode passed
through in the shaft was reported to have given good results in gold and silver from
the surface downwards, and a drive was being put in to cut it. In this small leaders
of decomposed iron and quartz were met with, which yielded fine gold.
Brind Mine.—(See Woodside.)
Britannia Gold Mining Company.—Property held, 24 mineral claims,
situated at Mount Victoria. -
Broken Hill Syndicate.—Locality, Waukaringa. . The Inspector of Mines
reported in March, 1895, that there was an underlie shaft down 55ft., and a vertical
shaft 60ft. Operations were hampered by lack of funds.
Broken Hill and Waukaringa Gold Mine.—Inspected 1894, the
report being that the property consisted of a 20-acre lease near Lovely Gully. The
lode is 3ft. 6in. wide, strike N.E., dip N.W. In sinking to a fair depth (the lode
having been poor near the surface) an ironstone vein was cut, which carried rich
gold, one dish yielding 1dwt. 6grs.
Bunyaroo Spring.—This is near Leigh's Creek. Alluvial gold was discovered
in a small gully. The circumstances of the find are not known, but a storekeeper at
Leigh's Creek alleged that he bought £200 worth of gold said to have been found
there. (1889.) -
Burgess’s Reef, or the Koh-i-moor Mine is about 15 miles S.W. from
Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, and consists of a narrow leader of quartz in clay slate and
schistose sandstone, &c. There was no gold visible in the quartz, but a faint color
was obtained from some that was crushed. One and a half tons of quartz was sent
to Melbourne for treatment by the Virginia Company and the United Pyrites Com-
pany, and yielded as follows:–40lbs. of pyrites gave loz. retorted gold, value £3
17s. 3d. The 40lbs. of pyrites tailings yielded 9grs. of gold—total loz. 9grs.
(Gavin Gardner, 1887.) The Government Geologist examined the property in 1886,
and again recently, when he found that a tunnel and shaft had been sunk by the
original prospector, E. Prime, and subsequently, with the assistance of a Govern-
ment subsidy, a shaft was sunk on the top of a hill near the head waters of the
Branch Creek. No special results on record.
Burton’s Mine.—Situated on section 6247, Mount Torrens. A shaft is down
70ft. on a reef of micaceous iron and quartz, with gold. There is also a cellular
silico-feldspathic dyke, from which stone crushed yielded 14dwts. of gold per ton.
The reef and dyke strike east and west. In 1894 a small parcel from the reef was
treated; and only 3dwts. to 4dwts. of gold per ton was obtained, similar stone having
previously yielded 14dwts, or 15dwt.s. per ton. A further parcel of 50 tons treated at
the Mount Torrens battery gave only a pennyweight return. Work stopped.
Burnside Gold Mining Syndicate.—In November, 1894, the Inspector
of Mines reported upon workings on W. Deimel’s sections 1051 and 1052, hundred of
Adelaide, 117 acres. A tunnel had been driven 36ft. on the course of a lode at
Slape's Gully; strike W. 20° S., with a 37° dip E.S.E. The lode, composed of
ferruginous quartz enclosed by walls of claystone, was of an average width of 3ft.
No trace of gold on assay. Another lode had been opened half a mile south, large
and well-defined, striking N. 15° W. Samples returned no gold, but the line of lode
should be prospected. It was said that free gold had been found in the lode.
Burra Gold Mining Syndicate. —Locality, Paratoo goldfield. In
January, 1896, it was stated that a shaft had been put down 110ft. on the lode.
Three samples sent from the 106ft. level assayed at the School of Mines gave
respectively—7ozs. 6dwts. of gold, and 8dwts. of silver per ton; 20zs. 10dwts. of
gold; and 2dwts, of gold per ton. - .
GOLD. 113
Cameron’s Reef.-Locality, eight miles from Waukaringa. The Inspector of
Mines reported upon this property in March, 1894, and stated that a lode exists,
which, at a depth of 30ft., was 12in. wide, enclosed in calcareous slate. It appeared
likely to be auriferous, but assays gave no trace of gold.
Chambers’ Hill Gold Mining Company.—In 1894 a voluntary wind-
ing up was resolved upon, and a new company was formed, called the Hill End
Amalgamated Gold Mining Company, with a capital of £30,000 in 10s. shares.
California Claim.—On the Queen Bee (New Luxemburg) line of reef; a
crushing of 10 tons is said to have averaged 9dwts. per ton.
Chapman’s Gully.—(See ECHUNGA.)
Comet Mine.-(See EcHUNGA.)
Criterion Mining Company.—Locality of property, Mount Pleasant. No
information of work done since 1873. - *.
Criterion Reef.--(See TALUNGA.)
Crow's Claim.—Adjoining the Queen Bee Mine. Two shafts were sunk to a
depth of about 100ft. in soft micaceous and hornblendic schist, containing thin veins
of quartz showing gold; but no large reef has yet been struck.
Crystal Gold Mining Company.—(See EcHUNGA)
Cutaway Hill.—Locality, near the Leigh's Creek Railway Station. Colors
of scaly gold were found in prospecting the shallow alluvium. The ground should
be further tried by testing the deep alluvium of the neighboring flats.
Dalhousie Syndicate.—Locality, section 75, hundred of Morgan. The
Government Geologist reported in 1897 that a shaft had been sunk 70ft. on the
underlie of a lode formation, consisting of limestone, with iron oxide, gossan, and
calcareous matter; strike N.E., width from 1ft. to 2ft. ; country rocks clay slate,
calcareous clay slate, and limestone. No metallic mineral seen; a little galena reported.
Silver-lead and gossan on other parts of the section; nothing of importance, though
the rock formation is favorable to the presence of metallic minerals,
Dart’s Syndicate.—Locality of operations, Mount Torrens. It was stated
in June, 1895, that good gold-bearing reefs were being prospected, one 2ft, wide,
the other about 9in, striking N.E. and S.W., and very solid, dipping west. flighly
favorable assay results are said to have been obtained. An auriferous reef has
been found on an adjoining section held by the syndicate.
Day Dawn.—Locality, Waukaringa, adjoining West Alma; area, 79 acres of
Crown lands, on long lease. There is a lode running east and west, 2ft. 6in. wide.
One shaft has been put down 176ft. following the dip of the lode. The matrix of
the ore is quartz intermixed with ironstone, and the country rock is sandstone.
DeBaum's Claims.--Situated near New Mingary Mine, north of and adjoin-
ing Pope's claims. A shaft has been sunk on a reef 4ft. wide, striking W. 20° S.
The rocks in the locality are metamorphic and intrusive. The formation generally
resembles that of the Barrier. - . . - -
Doig's Claim.—Situated on the Angipena field. The Government Geologist
in April, 1896, reported that he found here an irregular mass or “blow,” in which
were veins of kaolin and pockets of ferruginous clay and gossan. Country rock
chiefly crystalline limestone. Assays of average samples gave no trace of gold.
H.
114 - MINING RECORDS.
Durdan.—(See TALUNGA)
Duscovitche's Reef-(See TALUNGA)
Downer's Prospecting Party.—This was composed of a number of un-
employed men who, in 1894, received assistance from Sir John Downer, to enable
them to test some of the river flats in the neighborhood of the Onkaparinga. It is
said they were fairly successful. ' → -
Debney’s Farm.—Locality, section 96, hundred of Haines, Kangaroo Island.
The report of the Government Geologist (December, 1898) states that there is a large
quartz outcrop, containing arsenical pyrites, which has been only slightly prospected.
The lode has a north-easterly strike, and dips about 45° S.E. The appearance of
the veinstone is highly favorable for gold, and the lode should be systematically
prospected. Of four samples assayed two returned a trace of gold.
THE ECHUNGA GoLDFIELD.
It is claimed that this field was discovered in the early part of the year 1852 by
Mr. W. Chapman. The first sign of gold was got on what was known as “The
Company's land,” not far from the old. Wheatsheaf Inn, and a thorough search was
begun. Very rich surface gold was found on land not far from the place where the
first prospect had been washed, on the side of the hill above Donkey Gully. The
gold was traced thence to Chapman's Hill, where it was found at the foot of a
tree, laid bare by the dripping of water from the branches. Half an ounce was
picked up by dry fossicking, and on the following day several ounces of gold were
washed from the roots of this tree. An offer of £1,000 reward for the discovery of
a payable goldfield was published in the Government Gazette of December 18th,
1851, Mr. Chapman, sen., and Mr. Hampton went to town on August 23rd, 1852,
to claim the reward, taking with them about 7ozs, of rough gold. The conditions of
the reward were that licences (at that time 30s. each) to the value of £1,000 should
be taken out during the first two months, and that £10,000 worth of gold must also
be found within the same period of time. In two months 684 licences were taken
out, being equal to £1,026 sterling. The Messrs. Chapman, Hardiman, and Hampton
applied for the reward after an interval of three months, but were not successful.
There was no proof that £10,000 worth of gold had been obtained, except the state-
ments made by diggers and storekeepers; these represented that £18,000 worth had
been got. The matter was brought before the Executive Council, and a sum of £500
was given to the prospectors, leaving the question of reward still open. About 1871
two sums, £200 and £300, were paid for the discovery of gold at Jupiter Creek.
Mr. We Barker, a storekeeper on that field, bought gold to the extent of £3,000.
BELL’s CLAIM.–(See WARRAKILLA MINE.)
BERTRAM's REEF was taken up in 1872. The gold was first found in an almost
flat bed of quartz, 13ft. wide and 3ft. thick, splitting up into leaders southwards.
Twelve tons of this stone yielded 34 dwts, of gold per ton; and 20 tons, from a
depth of 32ft., gave 6dwts. per ton, Shafts and cuttings were put in on a large
quartz reef in yellow sandstone, grit, and quartzite, with kaolinised clayslate in
bands. The deepest shaft was 80ft. - - - - - * . . . . ;
BIG BEN MINE.—-Situated on section 393, hundred of Kuitpo. This mine some
years ago produced a quantity of very rich stone, and was worked for some time, but
after a while the reef was lost and the mine was stopped. . It is stated that
subsequently the reef was recovered, and splendid specimens of stone taken from it.
It is said to be 11 ft. wide, and that a trial crushing of 5 tons gave a return of
15dwts. to the ton. In August, 1896, the Goldfields Warden inspected this mine,
and reported that it was being worked by four miners, and that an adit was being
driven into the hill to cut westerly shoots of gold. Some good stone had been taken
out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GOLD. - 115
BIGGs' FLAT.--A patch of rich ground was found here in 1877 by a Government
prospecting party. The depth of sinking varied from 7ft. or 8ft near the river to
36ft. at some distance from it. A good quantity of gold was got, of which the
coarsest pieces weighed about 20Zs. Native copper was found with the gold. Other
places on this flat were prospected, but, as far as is known, no payable results were
obtained. The sinking varied from 25ft to 30ft. in depth, and was very wet. It is
probable that other leads of gold may be found on the flat. - :
BREAK-OF-DAY RUSH.-A small patch of surfacing, from which about £40 worth
of gold is supposed to have been obtained. - -
BIG BEN HILL.—Locality, Chapman's Gully. In December, 1897, a new shaft
was put down to follow the lode (underlying 1 in 2), consisting of quartz, ironstone,
and gossan, with well-defined walls. The width varies, but where first struck it was
13ft., the whole, it was said, being auriferous and payable. A ton and a half treated
returned 202s, 12dwts. of gold. (Register, 22/12/97.) - • * *
CHAPEI, HILL AND WINDLAss HILL contained basin-shaped hollows, filled with
boulder and pebble wash, rich in gold. From the vicinity of these basins several
small leads of gold started. Yorkey's lead was followed down into Wattle Flat,
where it became too poor to pay for working. Sandy's lead started at the surface,
and yielded from one claim, 8ft. square, 25ozs. of gold, and a nugget of 6ozs, in
weight. A number of shafts were sunk, varying in depth from 10ft. to 120ft. on
various leaders, one of which carries a little gold. -
On the west side of Chapel Hill gold was got at the surface; going westward the
lead was found to pass over falls or precipices of 20tt., 15ft., and 10ft. in height,
with flat spaces between. Where the bottom dipped towards these precipices there
was the richest ground. They did not run straight; they were much cut under in
places, and ran quite out at Bell's point. The gold was patchy, with narrow con-
necting gutters. In some places these were very rich, prospects having been obtained
of 12ozs. to the tub, and 5ozs. or 60Zs. to the dish.
CHAPMAN's GULLY was the one first opened on the field, and proved to be the
richest ; at one place some rich specimens of gold in ironstone were found. An iron-
stone leader crosses the gully, but has (December, 1884) never been prospected. The
depth of sinking at the upper part of the gully was from 6ft. to 7ft., and 12 ft. at
the lower part. The gully has been worked, and was very rich up to the private
property (section 3893), and it it probable that that land contains a quantity of gold.
CHAPMAN's GULLY MINE was started in 1881. The main shaft was put down
130ft., but no gold was met with. On a white quartz leader a west underlie shaft
was put down 40ft. It was driven on for a distance of 25ft, and a prospect of 2grs.
to a dish was obtained. A second shaft, 44ft. deep, cut a gossany leader, dipping
west, carrying gold. A third was put down on a white quartz leader carrying gold,
and several other shafts were sunk to shallow depths. It is now in the hands of a
company who are tunnelling and are in 100ft. Stone recently treated gave loz.
ldwt. per ton. - :
CHRISTMAS RUSH.-Here the sinking was soft, and varied from 30ft. to 40ft, in
depth. The bottom was uneven, and payable gold was obtained. -
CoMET MINE.—An engine shaft was sunk 130ft., and an underlie shaft was put
down on a reef of from 2ft. to 5ft, thick. Ten ounces of gold was got from the
crushing of a few tons of quartz. Southwards 3ozs, resulted from four dishfuls
of dirt. A crushing of 10 tons gave 8dwt.s. per ton. Some prospecting was done in
this mine during 1885-6, but no payable results were obtained, and the machinery
was removed. - . --
CRYSTAL GoLD MINING CoMPANY. —Locality, Jupiter Creek; area, 20 acres.
This company was wound up, and subsequently the property was worked by a party.
of miners who were unsuccessful. .It is now held in conjunction with the Phoenix,
adjoining, and there is a prospect of capital becoming available for working the
mine. (See also PLANE & RIDDLE's MINE.) - . . . . . . . . . .
116 MINING RECORDS.
DIAMoND GULLY.-A small quantity of gold was got in hollow ground, but it
was not sufficiently rich to be payable. - -
ECHUNGA GoLD MINING CoMPANY.-No. 1 whip-shaft was sunk to the water
level, 90ft., and No. 2 shaft 70ft., with a drive, in which was cut a leader carrying
gold. No. 3 shaft was sunk 50ft. in search of a leader in which gold had been found
some years previously. The leaders dipped to the west until they came to what is
known as the “black leader.” From this some good specimens were taken. Its
thickness varied from 6in. to 16in. At a depth of 60ft. a large number of leaders
were met with, averaging about lin. thick. A crushing taken from a face of 7ft., in
which were four leaders, went 23 dwts. to the ton; and a crushing of about 40 tons
from the leaders yielded about 50ozs. of gold. A shaft was sunk to a depth of
250ft., and at 230ft. a drive was put in N.W. for 180ft., but nothing was found. A
second drive was put in to the east 220ft., and a bunch of mundic and copper ore was
met with. . . . .
ECHUNGA GovKRNMENT PRosPECTING PARTY.—Early in 1886 the Government
decided to test the deep leads on Crown lands in the neighborhood of Echunga. The
first locality selected was on sections Nos. 158 and 159, hundred of Kuitpo. Shafts
were sunk, and the existence of a deep lead was proved. The washdirt consisted of
waterworn quartz and other gravel, and was similar to that found to be auriferous in
the old Echunga diggings. It occupied a watercourse of over 300ft. in width, and
varied in thickness from 1ſt. to 2ft. The bedrock was soft decomposed slate and
pipeclay. A drive of 260ft. was put in from the main shaft at a depth of 65ft., and
was driven across the lead near its junction with the wash. The dirt was tested with
the dish for the whole length of the drive. In appearance it was most favorable for
gold, and there were all the indications usually found in similar drifts and well-
defined gullies, and yet not a trace of gold was found. This is extraordinary, and pro-
bably is the first instance in which an old pliocene lead in a gold-bearing district has
proved to be absolutely barren of gold. The second site selected was on section 337
and others, adjoining hundred of Kuitpo, and about two and a half miles south from
Echunga. Trial shafts were sunk across a wide extent of flat country and a lead was
found. The deep ground had to be tested by boring, as the presence of drift sand
rendered sinking difficult. Several bores were bottomed, but only a thin stratum of
washdirt was found. The drift sand made the boring exceedingly difficult. As the
bores progressed eastward the ground became deeper until the lowest depth was
reached at 110ft. At this point the work was discontinued as the next bore would
have come on private property. The manager of the party, Mr. G. Mellor, reported
that to sink a shaft through the drift sand that he had met with would cost £2,000.
Although the upper part of the lead has proved barren, yet the lower part towards
the Meadows may be auriferous. But as the best sites for shafts are on private pro-
perty, some time will probably elapse before anything is done to test the leads.
GERMAN GULLY. —A ridge of rock in one of the claims contained copper.
Gold EN REEF MINE.—Three shafts were sunk to depths of 108ft., 110ft., and
50ft. The last one cut a leader at 25ft., which carried gold. The mine was started
in 1882. i . . - . . .
GoLDEN RISE WEST. —This property has an area of 10 acres, and was regarded
as having excellent surface indications of auriferous deposits. (1895.) At a shallow
depth a 2ft. vein was struck, composed of gossary quartz and ironstone, enclosed in
greenish clay slate rock. - g
GoIDEN RISE GoLD MINING ComPANY.—Locality, section 417, Kuitpo, near
Donkey Gully. The Government Geologist reported in 1896 that two shafts had
been sunk, and at 60ft. a drive had been put in to intersect the auriferous vein or
veins supposed to have supplied the gold found in the neighboring gullies. He was
of opinion that prospecting by trenches sunk into the bedrock and with the dish
would have been primarily a more economical method of test as to the presence of
gold in veins or reefs. - -
GOLD. 117
GoIDEN PILE MINE.-Locality, section 5172, Onkaparinga. The Government
Geologist reported in 1898 that the workings on this property consisted of an
inclined shaft 58ft. deep, with drives at 25ft. and 54ft. The auriferous vein, which is
a few inches wide, fills a fissure conforming to the bedding of the blue clay slate
which forms the country rock. The vein contains, with argillaceous material, quartz
and ironstone, and carries fine gold, which also exists in the soft decomposed rock
which accompanies the lode. A parcel of 10 tons 16cwts, treated by cyanide yielded
11ozs. 16dwts. 14grs. of gold. Samples taken yielded various results up to 12dwts.
per ton. The prospects justify exploration at greater depths.
GoLDEN CRowN.—Adjoining the Kangaroo. The lode consists of white quartz,
with cavities filled with clay and quartz crystals. Prospecting was proceeding in
1895 by drives at a depth of 35ft. - - -
HADDY's REWARD.—Locality, Mount Pleasant. A report was made in November,
1896, that a vertical timbered shaft had been sunk 86ft., water level; that a quartz
and ironstone lode had been cut in the 70ft. level, carrying gold, an assay procured
by the prospectors returning 3ozs. to the ton; two tunnels had been driven, and in
one an auriferous reef had been struck, and also two nice leaders on the top of the
hill. The stone raised was said to be payable. -
HAHNDoRF GULLY was discovered in 1856-7. The first payable gold was got by
S. Jeffery, in about 7ft, sinking ; higher up the gully claims were bottomed at 20ft.
The gold was rough and rugged. A branch gully was worked in 1872.
HALL's NEw FIND.—Situated at the old Echunga Diggings. The Inspector of
Mines in January, 1893, reported that Hall had put down two small shafts north of
the old shaft, respectively 18ft. and 20ft. deep. An irregular vein of ferruginous
quartz, from 1 in. to 4in. wide, had been cut, and Hall took out about 50zs. of gold.
From another pit, and from the same vein apparently, another digger took out about
11ozs. of gold; and other diggers had been more or less successful on that lead.
JAcKMAN's MINE.—Drives and shafts to depths of from 30ft. to 60ft. were put
down to prospect veins of quartz, ferruginous quartz, and ironstone, traversing
quartzite grit and argillaceous sandstone. There are no well-defined walls, the
formation being merely a collection of veins; some of them contain pyrites. In one
of the drives a dyke-like mass of kaolin, with quartz and small veins of decomposed
feldspar, and quartz and mica, has been cut, and might be prospected for gold with
advantage. No quartz from this mine had (1890) been crushed, but it was estimated
-
to yield from 5dwts, to 10dwts, of gold per ton.
JAckson's CLAIM.–Situated on Spier's land. Shaft down 30ft. (1895); cap of
reef struck at 8ft., increased from 6in. to 2ft. in width; water was difficult to contend
with. .
John BULL MINE.—Several rich shoots of ore, it is said, have been found on this
property, and it was thought (April, 1897) to be worthy of a further trial. -
JoHNspon's.-Prospectors were working in September, 1897, near Oakbank. In
a shaft 20ft. deep cellular and ferruginous quartz was taken from a drive, and a lode
14in. wide was proved to exist. For 4 tons 7ewts. treated at the Cyanide Works a
return of 60Zs. 2dwts. 21grs. was given, equal to 1% ozs. per ton. -
Junction MINE.—The strike of the reef in this claim is east, and the dip 30°
south, and it consists of quartz with specks of galena. It is only a small vein; and
there is no information of results obtained. (1887.)
JUPITER CREEK.—A claim was taken up in 1868 by Breakell & Co., who erected
crushing machinery and sank a number of shafts, ranging in depth from 50ft. to
100ft., and connected by a drive 474ft. in length. A reef was cut at a depth of 70ft.,
and a bucketful of stone yielded loz. 3dwts. (1887.) . A newspaper report, in
March, 1895, stated there were only six men working in this locality. The sinking
118 MINING RECORDS.
is 11 ft., but water comes in at 4ft. or 5ft., making prospecting difficult. In April,
1897, diggers were still at work, and a 20Z. nugget was reported. The gold, it is
stated, has been always heavy in character, and the largest nugget found weighed
13ozs. - -
KANGA Roo MINE.—This was discovered in 1872, and a company was formed. A
small crushing, taken from a westerly leader, from 4in. to 6in. thick, gave gold at the
rate of 202s, to the ton. A shaft 95ft, deep was then sunk; at 50ft. the reef was
cut, and a drive south was put in a distance of 100ft.; a crushing gave less than
$oz. per ton. Another shaft was sunk 150ft., with a drive of 250ft., but no reef
was cut. The mine was then abandoned. In 1881, however, work was resumed, and
a crushing from the 95ft. shaft yielded #0Z. per ton. A main shaft was then sunk
100ft., and a battery and machinery erected. The works were then stopped, owing
probably to want of funds. Six tons of quartz were crushed by Mr. A. von Doussa,
at Hahndorf, and yielded 8ozs. gold; the stone was from a leader, which on being
followed pinched out. (1887) - -
KING MINE was started in 1881. An underlie shaft was sunk on the reef, to a
depth of 120ft. At 71 ft. the reef was 4ft. thick, and a drive was put in along its
course; 10 tons of quartz yielded 13 ozs. of gold; 250 yards to the east another shaft
was put down to a depth of 50ft.; here the reef was 3ft. thick, and 10 tons of quartz
gave 10Z. of gold. (1887.) . - -
LAw RENCE's CLAIM.–Three shafts were sunk to depths of 20ft., 28ft., and 35ft.,
at distances of 20tt. to 30ft. apart, and were connected by drives, in a soft decom-
posed sandy and micaceous slaty shale, through which pass a number of small
leaders. Near the surface these veins are composed chiefly of kaolin, becoming
mixed lower down with glassy and ferruginous quartz and ironstone. In them, near
the surface, some rich patches of gold were found, but owing to their number and
irregularity, the run of the gold is difficult to follow. Comparatively little work has
been done. There was no crushing apparatus, and the gold was washed out with
cradle and dish. It is impossible to ascertain the total amount of gold found, the
only certain information being that 410Zs., of the value of £157 16s. 10d., was sold
to the Melbourne Mint shortly after the work began. The gold found was often in
filaments; the largest piece, when cleaned, weighed 20zs. The mine was discovered
in 1884. In 1885 20 tons of stone were raised, and were crushed at the Ridge
battery, Woodside. The yield of gold was loz. 6dwts. 6grs. (1887.) -
* .
Long GULLY. —Three companies were formed in 1866 to work the cement (or
conglomerate) in this gully, but no payable results were obtained. (1887.)
LoNG GULLY MINE.-- Locality, Jupiter Creek, and worked in 1872. No records
left. . . . . . -
MIzPAH MINE.—This is situated near Mount Pangas, on the Hahndorf road. The
Government Geologist, reporting upon the property in June, 1896, stated that there
were three shafts in direct line, each cutting the lode formation, which runs due
west, and is about 3ft. wide, with slate walls, and consists of parallel shoots of fer-
ruginous quartz in intervening bands of pipeclay. Gold was visible in two shafts,
and prospects were obtained in every dish; water exists at 24ft. Alluvial claims
were worked many years ago in this locality with good results. Nothing has been
done below water-level, the owners being unable to cope with the inflow. It is
believed that capital could be profitably spent upon this property.
NEw No RTH CRYSTAL CALEDONIAN GoLD MINING SYNDICATE.—Sixteen quartz
claims, twenty-eight acres, situated at Jupiter Creek. (1887.)
NEw RUSH was discovered in 1858 or 1859 by a party of eight prospectors, who
were rewarded by a grant of money from the Government. The prospectors also
discovered gold at Blacksand Corner and at other places, which have since been
worked. Two or three months after the first discovery payable gold was struck,
and yielded from 12ozs. to 14ozs. to the load of dirt. The gold was scattered along
GOLI). - 119
the foot of a precipice 10ft. to 15ft. high, on a flat bottom. The sinking ranged
from 20ft. to 30ft. in depth, and was very hard, owing to the beds of gravel and
cement. (1887.) - , - . . . .
NonTH WARRAKILLA Gold MINING SYNDICATE–Seventeen acres were held,
north of and adjoining Bell’s claim. The mine was opened up about July, 1895.
ONKAPARINGA RIVER DIGGINGs were discovered in 1870 by Messrs. Scudds.
The river flat was found to be auriferous as far down as Pennyweight Flat. The
payable gold was found between the waterholes; some of these were pumped out,
but very little gold was found in them. Seaman's Point was the richest part of the
river; payable gold was also got at Blacksand Corner, and near Biggs' Flat; at
Hack's Bridge also it was discovered, but not worked. (1887.) .
PHOENIX. GoLD MINING CoMPANY.—Fourteen acres, part of section 356, Jupiter
Creek, hundred of Kuitpo, and known as Wolters’ claim, leased from the Crown.
The sole work done by the proprietary of this claim was to sink a closely timbered
main shaft 11ſt, by 4ft. 6in, down to 200ft., and driving 200ft. The intention
was to go down with the shaft to a depth of 300ft, or 400ft. ; but being unable
to raise the necessary capital the company, seven months after incorporatio A,
went into liquidation. (1887.) In November, 1890, the Inspector of Miles
reported that the workings were on the same dyke as that operated upon by the
Crystal Gold Mining Company. The country rocks are soft argillaceous slates and
sandstone, enclosing a formation in which are small veins of gossan and ferruginous
quartz, and bands of kaolinised clay. A vertical shaft 215ft. deep has been sunk
east of the dyke, and on the west a small vertical and underlie shaft 65ft. deep, and
from the bottom of this a drive north had penetrated 42.ft. None of these workings
yielded payable results, but a considerable quantity of gold had been obtained in
former years. This is now held in connection with the Crystal. - s
| PLANE & RIDDIE's MINE (now called the NEw CRYSTAL).-The workings
consist of an underlie shaft 110ft. deep, a vertical shaft of 20tt, and a drive of about
20ft. in length put in an easterly direction from the underlie shaft at a depth of 70ft.
The bedrocks consist of mottled kaolinised clay slates and sandy shales dipping
easterly. The reef from which the gold is procured is composed of an irregular
dyke-like mass of soft decomposed claystone, intermixed with quartz, and a ferrugi-
nous gossany lode formation, with veins of kaolin. Work done very limited (1884).
An excavation of irregular shape had been made where the stuff had been stoped out,
judging by which about 20 tons to 25 tons had been removed and washed. This is
said to have yielded 428ozs. of gold, some of which was in small nuggets. The
underlie shaft has reached the water level at 110ft., and in it there is another reef
lying more or less parallel to the one worked. Adjoining and near to this claim
there are several others which have been worked and have yielded small quantities of
gold. (1887.) Now held in connection with the Phoenix.
Poor MAN's GULLY and Poor MAN’s HILL.--The sinking was through hard
gravel and cement, varying in depth from 1 ft. to 30ft. It was stated that payable
gold and also diamonds were found here. (1887.)
QUARTZ BLow.—Locality, Chapman's Gully. Gold was found in leaders by the
alluvial miners in 1855, the surface leaders being very rich. The National Company
purchased the claim, erected machinery, and sank a shaft 125ft. for water. Of this
they got a good supply. In following the leaders down 30ft., a five-gallon bucketful
of specimens is said to have contained £300 worth of gold. This company also pros-
pected a large reef, but without any good results. On the ground again becoming
open to miners small patches of gold were got from time to time, and on the dis-
covery of a patch rather richer than usual, in 1881, by R. and T. Hall, the claim was
sold to two gentlemen, who formed it into a company, called the Echunga Gold
Mining Company. (See ante.) (1887.)
QUEEN MINE was discovered in the year 1871. Gold was found on the surface, in
a leader which yielded 400Zs of gold. Subsequently 5 tons were crushed and gave
120 - MINING RECORDS.
5dwts, per ton. In 1881 the ground was taken up by a company. They erected a
battery, and pumping and winding machinery; and sank a shaft 100ft. deep, with a
drive 100ft. west. A reef was cut 4ft. wide carrying a quantity of mundic, and was
driven upon for a distance of 30ft. To the north of the main shaft two other shafts
were sunk, and were connected, at a depth of 25ft., by a drive 180ft. long; 23 tons
of stone were crushed and yielded 4}ozs. of gold. In October, 1894, work was
recommenced, and in 1896 the Inspector of Mines pronounced this to be a very
promising looking property. - - r -
SAILoR's GULLY, discovered in 1872, contained a lead of gold extending the
whole length of the gully. The sinking was in hard and dry alluvium, and to a depth
of from 6ft. to 15ft. The largest nugget found weighed 4ozs. (1887.)
SAwMILL Gully, discovered in 1872, yielded nuggets, the heaviest of which
weighed about 1oz. Gold in quartz was also found. The sinking was wet, and the
depth ranged from 1ft. to 10ft. (1887.) -
SECTION 5339.-A prospect on a bend of the Torrens River. The stone very poor,
no defined reef; nearly 11 tons yielded only 11grs. of gold per ton. . . .
SIM on D's GULLY.-Three or four claims were payable. Professor Ulrich, in his
report (1872) states that a great portion of the gold found in Felter's Flat and
Chapman's Gully was not waterworn, but hackly and crystalline: a circumstance
indicating that, whilst the waterworn gold came from the denuded pliocene drifts,
the hackly and crystalline were derived from the quartz reefs in the immediate
vicinity. (1887.) -
SouTH CRYSTAL MINE,-Situate in Jupiter Gully. A great deal of work was
done, and numerous quartz stringers met with in the drives, and some leaders were
found. The Inspector of Mines expressed the opinion that what the prospecting
undertakings wanted in this neighborhood was a trial sinking to a depth of 500ft.
before driving or crosscutting. (1887.) -
SouTH ECHUNGA MINE.-Started in 1881; machinery was erected, and a main
shaft was sunk to a depth of 180ft., but no reef was found. (1887.)
SUNNY SouTH MINE.- Situated in Sailor's Gully. The Inspector of Mines in
1890 reported that four shafts had been sunk and drives put in upon this property.
The lode is from 18in. to 3ft. wide, carrying gold, and the country rock is soft
argillaceous slate. The gold was very fine, and required special treatment, and the
property, in his opinion, was well worth thoroughly testing.
STIRLING REEF.—At a depth of 4ft, some gold-bearing leaders were found in the
slate and greenstone, Good results were obtained by simply crushing and washing
the stuff, and an Adelaide company erected a five-stamp battery, and worked for
about twelve months. The profits not being sufficient to cover the expenses
the work was stopped. During the next nine months tributors made very good
wages in working it; then five more stamps were added to the battery, and crushing
was carried on for about 18 months, and then the mine was abandoned. The
material crushed consisted of quartz and ironstone leaders, and a greenish soapy
stone known as “green dyke.” The richest gold was found in the last-named stone.
The place of working was a large open cutting in grit, slate, sandstone, and con-
glomerate, the latter being composed of kaolin and waterworn quartz, with
mica and feldspar crystals. In the hard rocks, magnetic iron sand is plentiful, and
quartz and ironstone leaders are visible to a small extent. Professor Ulrich visited
and reported on this mine in 1872. He did not consider it a genuine quartz reef,
but more nearly resembled what, in Victoria, are called mullock reefs. He compared
it to a large fissure, in places 30ft. and 40ft. wide, filled confusedly with masses of
the wall rock, grit and slate. The interstices between these masses are filled with
mullock enclosing irregular pockets and veins of quartz, through which rather solid
crystalline specks of gold are distributed. Irregular veins cross the mass in all direc-
tions, horizontally, vertically, and obliquely; consequently, as each vein cannot be
separately followed, the reef has to be quarried out, and the stuff subsequently
classed. This, besides being a troublesome process, is also one during which it is
GOLD. : 121
impossible to prevent a large quantity of poor matter getting mixed with the quartzose
mullock, resulting in the low average yield of 2dwts, to 23 dwt.s. per ton. There
can be no doubt but that this reef has largely contributed, by denudation, to the gold
found in the Onkaparinga River. Professor Ulrich was of opinion that, on a large
scale, the reef might be profitably worked, and that there was a chance of its
becoming much better defined in depth. (1887.) -
VicTorra MINE was discovered in 1872. The lode consisted of hard quartzite,
interlaced with gold-bearing quartz veins. It was very rich near the surface. The
deepest shaft was 70ft. to the water level, with a drive of 70ft. to the reef. Shafts,
trenches, and open workings were put in along the outcrop of a quartz reef striking
north, and underlying east, through quartzite, sandstone, and kaolinised clay slates.
(1887.) -
VIcToBIA REEF MINE.-Situated at Sailor's Gully. Very rich shoots of gold-
bearing quartz, says the Inspector of Mines, were found, which quickly cut out.
The reefs should be proved below water-level. (1889.) -
VICTOR GEORGE MINE was taken up and worked in 1881, on a brown ferru-
ginous leader dipping west, and from 1ſt, to 2ft. thick. One hundred feet east of the
reef a shaft was sunk 70ft., with a drive 100ft. to the west. Five tons crushed
yielded 4oz. to the ton. Other shafts and tunnels were put in on hard massive quartz
veins in sandstone and quartzite. (1887.)
WATTLE BLossom MINE.—Situated at Jupiter Creek, near the Phoenix and
Crystal Mines. It was restarted in July, 1896, with the intention of trying to
discover the continuation of the Crystal ironstone lode.
WARRAKILLA REEF.—This property has yielded very fine specimen gold, and it
was reported in May, 1897, that 9ewts, returned 14ozs. 13dwts, 4grs. of free gold;
some bismuth and gold being fantastically intermixed. It was thought that a con-
tinuation of the Balhannah lode had been struck. -
WARRAKILLA NortII.—It was reported that gold was showing in two of the
drives, and assays had given 4dwts, to the ton.
WARRAKILLA SouTH.—There were in May, 1897, four shafts, totalling a depth
of 150ft., and a drive 275ft. Besides the lodestrong seams of quartz and gossan were
encountered. Assays were stated to have yielded 4dwt.s. per ton.
WARRAKILLA SouTH EXTENDED.—Area 10 acres. In a drive 30ft. (August,
1895) several leaders had been met with, one carrying colors. In August, 1896, it
was stated that nothing payable had been struck.
WARRAKILLA BROKEN HILL,~Area, 40 acres. In November, 1895, a drive was
being put through the hill. Between sandstone and slate a deposit of quartz con-
taining pyrites was found, and was regarded as promising. - -
WINDLAss HILL-A reefing prospecting area, on which, in July, 1895, a leader
was struck, giving colors of gold. -
It is noticeable that a small amount of work only has been done in this district in
testing the reefs at a depth. Where deep shafts have been sunk the reefs met with
have not been followed or worked in a systematic manner. It is impossible to state
the amount of gold obtained on the field since its opening. In a return made in
1871 by the then Warden of Goldfields the value of gold found during the first
three years that the field was worked was estimated at £250,000.
Gold bought by the English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank, from May,
1866, to November, 1872, has been officially stated as follows:— -
ozs, dwts, grs. Value.
Onkaparinga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 13 2 £3,003 18 0
Echunga and Jupiter . . . . . . . . . . . ... 2,021 7 17 7,588 16 1
Total tº ºn tº ſº º & • u u v ć tº C. L. º E tº L. 2,799 0. 19 £10, 587 H4 1
122 MINING RECORDS,
East Alma Mine.—Situated adjoining the Alma and Victoria Mine, and
flanked by various unworked gold mining leases on the east side. The area is 77
acres. There are two lodes, having a strike east and west, and 2ft. 6in. wide. Two
shafts have been put down, respectively 190ft. and 109ft., following the dip of the
lode, and from the former there is a drive 148ft. long, and from the latter 20ft. The
lode formation contains quartz intermixed with ironstone, and the country rock is
sandstone. No ore yet treated. The company spent in the work of development to
the year 1890 the sum of £3,151 2s. 8d. -
Eclipse Mine.—Locality, section 80, Onkaparinga. The reef strikes north
and dips to the eastward, and the bedrock, consisting of greenish clay slate and sand-
stone, strikes north and south, and dips 45° E. Gold was found in 1875, and
carbonate of bismuth, showing gold. This was said to have yielded at the rate of
14ozs, to the ton. A small company was formed, and the reef was worked for some
weeks, but the results obtained were not good, and the company dissolved. It was
subsequently reported that the reef had not been worked at the spot where the best
indications of gold had been seen. The section became the property of Mr. Love,
when work was resumed, and the results were reported to have been exceedingly
good. The country in the neighborhood is favorable for alluvial gold in the gullies
and surfacings, (1888.) -
Eclipse Mine East.—Situated on section 65. A shaft was sunk (1883) in
the hope of cutting the Eclipse reef at a depth of 100ft. No records. -
Edgardo Mine.—Locality, Taltabooka, and adjoining the Triumph. The In-
spector of Mines reported, in 1895, a shaft down to 90ft. The lode averaged 2ft. 6in.
in width: Samples taken from a heap on the surface gave a return of 1dwt. of
gold and 202s. 2dwts, silver per ton.
Eldridge & Trinder’s Reef.- Situated in Ruddaway's section, about a
mile and a half from the Mount Torrens Battery. It was reported that an east and
west ironstone and quartz reef was struck, 2ft. wide, well defined, and carrying gold.
Electra.--Section 2791, hundred of Kuitpo ; some shafts were sunk, but no
record of results to hand. .
Empress Victoria.—(See TEETULPA.)
Esmonde Mine.—Situated two miles S.E. from Taltabooka Well; area, 20
acres. Two parallel east and west lodes, dipping south, traverse the property. A
shaft on the south lode was reported by the Inspector of Mines (1895) to be 125ft.
deep, and at that point there are two drives, east and west. The lode from top to
bottom averaged about 14in., and consisted of ferruginous quartz intermingled with
small quantities of carbonate and sulphide of lead, enclosed in indurated and soft
micaceous schists. Samples taken assayed 1 oz. 12dwts, gold and loz. 3dwts, of
silver per ton. The north lode has an average width of 10in., and is of a similar
character; samples assayed loz. of gold and 202s. 6dwts. of silver per ton. A parcel
of 6 tons sent to Freiburg returned gold to the value of £43 9s. 5d. A report was
published (20/1/97) that from 5 tons 12cyts. of stone sent to Mount Torrens for
treatment there was returned from the battery. 1 lozs. 13dwts. 1gr., worth £3 17s. 9d.
per ounce; from cyaniding 3ozs. 9dwts. 7grs., worth £4 4s. per ounce; total value of
gold recovered, £59 16s. 1 ( d. ; total cost of treatment, including cartage from Bal-
hannah to Mount Torrens and bank charges, £8 8s. -
Eureka.-(See WooDSIDE.)
Farrant’s Claim.—Situated two miles from Hahndorf, and adjoining the
Victoria Reef. The Inspector of Mines reported in June, 1890, that a large amount
of work had been done in sinking and driving. The lode prospected was 5ft. wide,
GOLD. * 123
composed of quartzite with quartz veins; strike, S.S.E. and N.N.W., dipping west
at an angle of 35°. Enclosing rocks, argillaceous slates with bands of pipeclay.
Samples taken did not return gold, but some gold must have been obtained by the
owners, for they had spent thousands of pounds in fossicking over the surface. The
property should be proved by deep sinking. - -
Faugh-a-Ballagh Mine, Taltabooka.-Adjoins the Esmonde, and was
first opened in 1893 by Carroll and party. The lnspector of Mines reported in 1895 that
the lode appeared to be a continuation of the Esmond north lode; fully 18in. wide
from top, increasing to 2ft. 6in. ; same constituents in lode and similar country rock.
The stone is richer as depth is reached. Samples taken from ore at grass assayed
1oz. 13dwts. of gold and 3ozs. 12dwts. of silver per ton. -
Ferguson’s.-Locality, N.E. from Moolooloo Head Station. A recent trial of
15cwts. of stone was stated to have yielded at the rate of 10dwts, per ton.
Flinders’ Gold Mining Syndicate. — The property held is in the
hundred of Booyoolie. The Inspector of Mines recommended in 1895 deeper
sinking of the shaft until it cut through the reef, and then continuing it on the
underlie 50ft. The lode should also be opened up at a point east of the creek
workings, where a small pit had been sunk. . -
Flinders Range Gold.—In February, 1895, it was reported that a gold
discovery had been made about 10 miles west of Melrose, and near Baroota Nob. A
very high result came from private assay, and claims were pegged. Results have not
been announced. -
Forest Glen Goldfield.—The Inspector of Mines, in J uly, 1890, reported
that the diggers here were in the majority of cases unsuccessful, but a few holes had
yielded a few pennyweights.
Forest Range Diggings are on the road to Lobethal, in the hundred of
Onkaparinga. In 1854 gold was found in Stony Creek, section 514. Prospectors
Biggs, Mason, and Norton got 200Zs, gold from two loads of washdirt. The country
rocks consist of greenish micaceous clay slate and kaolinised slates; there are also
large quartz reefs with ferruginous cappings. The Inspector of Mines says of this
property —An enormous quantity of prospecting has been done at shallow depths,
and shafts sunk in clusters, apparently without any definite object. One tunnel has
been driven 234ft., and its greatest depth is not more than 40ft. from the surface.
The ground has been proved only in one place to a depth of 145ft. If the reefs were
proved to a depth of 500ft. it is probable that satisfactory returns would be obtained.
In one place carbonate of bismuth was found, but the discovery was not pursued.
For the 1890 edition Mr. Vinrace Lawrance, at request, supplied the following infor-
mation :-Our company is mining for gold and bismuth, and holds 238 acres of free-
hold. No true fissure lode has yet been discovered, but innumerable veins, quartz
deposits, and dykes exist. The general strike is N, 4° to 6° W., with a dip 38° to
60° E., the reefs varying from 12ft. width to mere streaks. Eight shafts have been
sunk of depths ranging from 40ft. to 106ft., of which only three follow the dip of
reefs. The nine drives aggregate 1,382ft. The reefs consist of concretionary iron-
stone, quartzite, and quartzose sandstone. The country rock is said to be litho-
logically identical with that of the central and western goldfields of Victoria. The
ore consists of iron and arsenical pyrites, and so far no payable reef has been opened.
A crushing of 25 tons gave only 26wts, to 3dwts, of gold to the ton. It is, however,
estimated that from £15,000 to £20,000 worth of alluvial gold was obtained here by
prospectors and diggers in former times. (1890.) It was reported in 1896 by Mr.
A. Baum that a nugget of gold weighing over 10ozs, had been found on section 65,
close to where rich gold was found several years previously, and where a nugget
weighing 48ozs, was met with. . . . . .
124 MINING RECORDS.
Fountain Head.—(See Woodsip E.)
Rox’s Property.—Section 829, hundred of Adelaide. The Inspector of
Mines reported in June, 1890, that there were strong indications of two lodes out-
cropping as ferruginous quartz, striking S.S.W. and N.N.E., and looking favorable
for gold; but assays did not give any return. Nothing had been done to test the
reefs. The Rev. Tenison Woods held the opinion that gold would be found in them.
Furniss's Property. —Locality, near Macaw Creek, three miles south from
Rhynie. An ironstone formation outcrop, which was alleged to carry gold. A shaft
was sunk to a depth of 50ft., and a sample assayed was stated to have returned
1oz. 10dwts. of gold and several ounces of silver per ton. It was also reported
(Advertiser, 2/2/97) that at 40ft, a small body of kaolin, with chloride of silver, had
been met with, that the silver ore carried exceedingly fine gold, and that there was
a solid body of ore at the bottom of the shaft. The ironstone lode outcropping can
be traced several miles. The name given is the Brilliant Gold Mine. In March,
1897, the prospector reported to the syndicate of holders that at 53ft. the shaft
disclosed a lode 10ft, thick, and that there were other two lodes on the property.
They proceeded to create a working capital of £180 by subscribing 60 shares at £3
each. -
Gawler River.--The upper branches of the river, known respectively as the
North and South Para, are auriferous, gold having been found along their courses.
Very little prospecting has been done, owing to the greater part of the ground being
private property. (1887.)
Glenloth Well.—Locality, a mile and a half east of the well, Wilgena. The
Government Geologist reported in 1893 the discovery of gold at this place. It
was not waterworn, but flaky and in long filaments. Rock formation, kaolinised
granite, and other metamorphic granite dykes, and quartz reefs.
Glen Taggart.—This property is situated at Clarendon, and existed as a gold-
field a little over twelve months, after being opened under the Mining on Private
Property Act. It was reported that a quantity of gold was secured.
Golden Gully.—Locality, 10 miles north from Petersburg, hundred of Morgan.
Several shafts have been sunk on quartz, jasper, and ironstone, specular iron and
gossany veins, apparently in the hope of striking some kind of metallic ores, and
without any surface indication at all warránting such work being done. Up to 1887
there were no satisfactory results. In January, 1897, it was reported that a strong
lode formation had been discovered, having well-defined walls and an easterly dip;
said to be 4ft. wide, and capped with ferruginous calcite, carrying gold and silver.
Golden Point.—Locality, 15 miles east from Terowie. Weins, composed of
quartz and gossan, with pyrites and iron oxide, occur between layers of clay slate and
jointed sandstone, proved in a shaft to a depth of 50ft. It was stated that from
Ample's claim 23 tons of stone yielded 53 ozs. of gold under treatment at Woodside.
The rocks are similar to and are a continuation of the Ulooloo rocks, and the country
generally has an auriferous appearance. Mr. Adamson, jun., forwarded these crush-
ings : —At Teetulpa battery 2 tons gave 1 oz. per ton; Eureka battery, 2 tons gave
14dwts. per ton; and at Ballarat School of Mines, 10 tons gave 10dwts. per ton.
The Inspector of Mines reported on this property in 1889. He saw veins of
auriferous quarts and gossan from 3in, to 8in. thick. The gold found was fine, and
assays ranged from 5dwts. up to loz. 1 dwt. per ton. - - -
Golden Slope Mine.—Section 1286, Mount Pleasant. Shaft sunk 22ft. on
an irregular formation composed of soft micaceous schist, with veins and bunches of
siliceous ironstone. Samples assayed 2dwts. of gold per ton. The formation is
patchy, some parts being very rich. (Inspector of Mines, 1894.) , ,
GOLD. 125
Gowland’s Reef.-Locality, Mount Torrens. Work was suspended in 1894,
a parcel of 25 tons proving that the reef would not pay to work. -
Great Ironclad Gold Mining Company.—(See TEETULPA)
Green and Gold Mine.— (See also “Copp ER.) This property is 10 miles
from the Olary Station. Near the surface coarse gold was said to have been fre-
quently seen in the copper, and fine gold can be obtained by crushing the gossan
found in one of the lodes. There are quartz outcrops on the neighboring hills,
which should be prospected for gold. (1889.) - -
Grunthal Mine is situated about a mile north from the township of Grunthal.
There are two shafts, both nearly full of water. On the surface there are several
buildings, including an engine-house. The veinstone raised consisted of quartz,
calcspar, and gossan, with iron and copper pyrites. The country rocks are clay slates
and argillaceous sandstones, dipping east. The locality is a likely one for gold. No
information received concerning the past working of this mine. (1887.)
Glen Dhu Gold Mining Syndicate.-Workings on section 3501
Mitchell's), near Prospect Hill, Kuitpo. The Inspector of Mines reported in June,
1890, that there was an outcrop of quartz, which had been sunk upon 43ft., but the
lode had not been tested for width. Assays from samples he took showed that the
lode was not payable, and his opinion was that it was not likely to improve.
Great Union Gold Mine.--This is situated 26 miles due west from Min-
gary Head Station. The deepest sinking is 21ſt. It was formerly worked for
copper, the highest percentage reached being 27, and the average yield 13 per cent.
One of the owners (W. E. Coons) stated that the copper carried gold, for which he
was paid in sales made, and that the copper ore was giving way to gold, the lode
carrying 3ozs. to the ton. It occurs in a soft gossan, with a partly decomposed
quartz, altogether 9ft. wide, and the gold can be saved by washing. -
GUMIERACHIA AND MOUNT CIFAWIFORD
GOLDIFIELDS.
Situated in the hundred of Para Wirra. The following are some of the details
respecting the claims:— -
ADELAIDE SYNDICATE.-Locality, Watts' Gully, Gumeracha. The first shaft was
put down on the eastern side of the gully. When the solid ground was reached a
drive was put under the gully with the idea of cutting a reef. The second shaft was
put down on the top of the hill to a depth of 80ft. Two very small leaders were
cut, but no reef. (1887.) -
Avenu E GULLY. —Locality, Gumeracha Goldfields. On the western side of this
gully are three or four old shafts. One is about 50ft, deep, and has been timbered,
but the timbers have become rotten and unsafe. There are two reefs, one solid
white quartz and the other ferruginous quartz and gossan; they strike north and
south, and dip 70° or 80°W. The rock is mica schist. (1887.)
CAMBRIAN MINE,--Situated in Watts’ Gully, and worked in 1894 by an Adelaide
syndicate. The old main shaft had been carried down to 102ft., and a drive was
following the course of the lode north and south. It was 6ft. wide, and consisted of
ironstone, quartz, gossan, and pyrites. The prospectors regarded the mine as giving
good assays. -
CHALLONER MINE.-Besides costeaning, a shaft was sunk 25ft. (1896), at which
depth the prospectors put in a crosscut to open on two large lodes visible on the
surface. No further information received. - - -
GUMERACHA GoLD VENTURE.—Situated in Dead Horse Gully. This reef, found
by Wallace in 1885, strikes N. 20° W., dips west, nearly vertical. In places it is
126 MINING RECORDS.
nearly 6ft. wide, but it is not solid. There are two shafts. The northern one was
sunk 43ft. on the reef, but as it was unsafe, another was put down to the southward
to a depth of 37 ft. The reef was not struck, the shaft being a little to the east of
it; but at a depth of 15ft, a leader was struck. The intention was to sink 60ft. and
drive to the reef, but work was suspended. The rock is mica schist, striking north
and south, and dipping E. 50°. It was hard to work, and the difficulties were
increased by a large influx of water in both shafts. (1887.) -
GUMERACHA SYNDICATE.-The claim held is situated across Watts’ Gully, close
by the fork, and covers all the ground where the heaviest gold (alluvial) was found.
A tunnel was put in 86ft. into the eastern bank of Watts' Gully and the reef cut.
There is also a shaft sunk through mica schist to a depth of 60ft. in the eastern
branch gully ; two small leaders containing mundic were passed through, but no reef
of any size was struck. (1887.) -
HANNAFORD’s REEF, Gumeracha.-A large reef running in north-easterly direc-
tion and dipping west. A series of shafts were put down close together along the
whole length of the outcrop, besides numerous pits and trenches. The mine was
worked many years ago, and in 1896 four men were put on. A shaft 45ft, deep was
sunk, and the underlie of the reef was being followed. No recent information.
HUTCHINson's CLAIM.–Locality, Gumeracha, between Watts' and Snake Gullies.
There is a small reef striking S.W. and N.E., dipping west, containing mundic, and
from which some fair prospects were obtained at the surface. A shaft was sunk, and
at 15ft. went through the reef; sinking was continued to 40ft. in the hope that the
reef would turn and dip in an easterly direction. The claim was abandoned in 1887.
KAPUNDA SYNDICATE.-Locality, Watts' Gully. The property consisted of some
claims taken up on the western side of the gully, near the fork, for the purpose of
finding the vein from which the gold was supposed to have been derived. Fossicking
amongst the quartz “blows” was unsuccessful, and a tunnel was then put into the
hill for a distance of 137ft., at a spot about half-way down from the ridge. The
rock passed through was mica schist and segregations of quartz dipping to the east,
but no reef was found. Operations were suspended. The Kapunda Syndicate had
other claims at the head of Blood and Thunder Gully. A shaft was sunk and various
cuttings made, but no reef found. (1887.)
L \DY EMILY MINE,-Worked in 1896 by an Adelaide syndicate; situation near
Gumeracha. A shaft, sunk on the eastern block on a large lode formation, cut the
lode at 15ft. It consists of ironstone and quartz, and was reported to carry fine
gold. The shaft was down 30ft. and the lode rapidly making in size. There is a
large body of silicate of iron going down the shaft, which carries gold. Assays
from the outcrop, it is said, gave loz. 4dwts. per ton. On the western block another
shaft was being sunk in good country, where the lode is of great width, and thought
to be auriferous. - -
PHILIP's UNITED MINE.-Situated at the head of Watts' Gully, Gumeracha; was
opened January 1st, 1886. There are two shafts, with several costeans and pits.
The first shaft was sunk on a reef dipping to the west; the reef was cut at 14ft.
from the surface, and was found to be from 12in. to 18in. wide. The shaft was sub-
sequently sunk to 52ft., and a 26ft. drive put in at the bottom, but without result.
No. 2 shaft was sunk lower down the hill and cut a reef 2ft. from the surface; at
13ft. a second reef was struck of a width of from 3ft. to 4ft., and striking S.W. and
N.E. 50°. At 37ft. a floor was cut, striking north and west, dipping west 50°.
(1887.) - - -
WATTs’ GuILY.—Situate on section 111, hundred of Para Wirra, was discovered
in 1884, and was the centre of operations. It was remarkable for the number of
nuggets found, some of which were of considerable weight. One purchased by the
Government weighed 14ozs. 8dwts. The total amount of gold obtained is not known,
but may be estimated at not less than 1,000ozs. In addition to Watts' several other
gullies were opened up northward for a distance of two or three miles. (1887.)
GOLD. 127
Harrold’s Claim.—Locality, section 16, Arkaba. The report of the Govern-
ment Geologist in 1896 was to the effect that the workings were on a quartz reef
traversing clay slate and sandstone, consisting of veined quartz with gossan and iron,
and having a favorable appearance for gold, but not showing any. Assays gave no
return. More prospecting advisable. - . . .
Heaslip’s Lease.—This adjoins the Mount Grainger mine, and the Inspector
of Mines reported in March, 1895, that a shaft was down 17ft., and the lode was
said to be carrying good gold. .
Heithersay's Claim.—The Government Geologist examined this property
in 1895, and noted ironstone outcrops which were likely to contain other minerals.
On lease 17874 a small gully had been worked for alluvial gold by dry-blowing.
The “mountain cork” variety of asbestos (short fibres felted into a mass) was found
in the neighborhood. e .
Hog Bay.—In 1895 a report came from Kangaroo Island of a new discovery of
gold at Hog Bay by a syndicate that had been at work some weeks. No further
information. - . -
Horseshoe Syndicate Mine.—Situated three miles west from Lovely
Gully, in the Waukaringa district; area, 20 acres. The Inspector of Mines reported
that there are five distinct lodes going through the property. A shaft had been
sunk 40ft. on a strong well-defined lode, composed of quartz, gossan, and ironstone;
strike N. 35° E., with a dip E. 35° S.; 4ft. wide at the bottom of the shaft, and
enclosed by walls of indurated claystone. The assay of samples gave no returns.
No. 4 shaft, 60ft. deep; strike of lode E. 30° N., and dip S.E. A drive at the
bottom of the shaft exhibits a strong lode carrying copper, as do most of the other
lodes in small quantities, but no trace of gold. Surface prospecting recommended.
Hoskins' Warrakilla Gold Mine.—This name was given to the Warra-
killa South property, when it was wound up voluntarily in June, 1897. -
Hundred of Noarlunga.-In 1894 an Adelaide syndicate worked a large
reef containing sugary spar and iron pyrites, carrying a little gold. The assays were
poor, though one was said to have reached 1 oz. 3dwts. of gold and 5ozs. of silver
per ton. It is on Crown lands, and distant about a mile from the Almanda Silver
Mine. -
* Hyland’s Great Gun Mine.—Situated on section 418, Monarto, and was
examined by the Government Geologist in 1897. Principal workings, two shafts
30ft. apart, between 50ft. and 60ft deep, on a large reef outcrop consisting of quartz,
ironstone, and argillaceous material, striking east and west through kaolinised slate
and metamorphic sandstone and slates. Width of lode, 3ft. to 6ft. near the surface,
but not proved at the bottom of the shaft. Other veins of quartz and ironstone exist
in the vicinity, and the veinstone has a favorable appearance for gold. The reef
extends only 30ft. or 40ft. along its course; operations had not got beyond the pros-
pecting stage. A little fine gold is visible in some of the quartz and ironstone veins.
Samples tested showed the existence of gold, but not in payable quantities, there
being only a few pennyweights to the ton.
Inglewood Mining Company.—Gold was found at Inglewood 154 miles
north-easterly from Adelaide. The only information obtainable is that during June,
1870, the English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank bought 7ozs. 15dwts. of
gold obtained there. - tº *
John Brown Line of Reef.—This now forms part of the New Mingary
(Lux), and includes three other claims that have also been amalgamated with it.
Shafts were sunk along the line of reef, and gold could be seen in the surface quartz
128 . MINING RECORDS.
and gossan. A crushing of 5 tons from the vicinity of the John Brown shaft
averaged 18dwts. gold per ton. The country rocks are metamorphic micaceous
granite, with coarse eruptive granite dykes. (1889.)
Junida.-Situated about a mile N.N.W. from Taltabooka Well; area, 20 acres;
formerly known as the Jubilee. A shaft 17ft. deep was examined by the Inspector
of Mines in 1892, in which was an ironstone vein 5in. wide, from which he took
samples. Assays returned no trace of gold or silver, and his opinion was that the
venture was valueless. -
Kangaroo Island Gold.-In October, 1894, there was a report of a rich
discovery of gold W.S.W. from Queenscliffe. Samples tried in Adelaide yielded, it
is alleged, about 10ozs. per ton, the reef being traceable “for miles.” A strong
syndicate was formed. In March, 1895, a parcel of over 10 tons of ore treated at
Mount Torrens Cyanide Works gave an average yield of 1dwt. 16grs. per ton.
King's Bluff.-Situated three miles W.N.W. from Olary Railway Station. A
discovery of gold was reported to have been made at this place on the 4th March, 1887,
a prospector getting 8grs. of gold to the dish of dirt by washing, at the foot of King's
Bluff, in a dry creek running into a gully a quarter of a mile wide and about two
miles in length. A rush of from 300 to 500 men took place, but, though the pro-
spectors are said to have obtained an ounce of gold for their first week's work, the
results as a whole were not encouraging. In common with the Teetulpa field, the
want of water was much felt, and the place could not be properly tested. In the
mine a considerable amount of work was done in sinking and driving. The lode
strikes north-easterly, and consists of irregular masses of quartz, with leaders, cutting
through a thick bed of quartzite. The veinstone is white quartz, sometimes flinty,
with cavities partly filled with clay and quartz crystals. A micaceous clay, probably
a decomposed dyke, is associated with the reef, and also contains gold. The reef
apparently occupies fissures caused by the upheaval of the strata in the form of an
anticlinal arch. One shaft was sunk into the slate which underlies the quartzite, and
is in blue calcareous slate with iron pyrites, Southwards, on the same line, a shaft
was sunk in quartzite on a formation of quartz veins between smooth walls; these
veins also contain gold. Other small veins were found to be auriferous here and near
the alluvial gully discovered by Messrs. Mellor Brothers. By continuing the present
shaft it would be found whether there were other auriferous veins at the junction of
the hard and soft strata. In the neighborhood there are also small ironstone and
quartz veins, striking east and west through slate. Southward of this mine there are
ironstone and quartz veins traversing slate country. One of these was worked to a
depth of about 15ft., and the quartz obtained was said to have yielded 3}ozs. of gold
per ton. It is probable that when the rich formations have been sunk through other
reefs will be found beneath near the junction of the different beds. About 1889 the
King's Bluff Mine ceased working, and the company went into liquidation.
Kirkeek’s Treasure.—Situated on the Nillinghoo goldfield, three miles
N.W. from Mount Victor Trig. The Government Geologist reported upon this pro-
perty at length in March, 1897. The main shaft was 210ft. deep. A lode of
considerable width exists, which was thought to have been cut off by a slide or fault;
but there is no proof of this, and the probability is that the lode will continue to
greater depths. Where stoped out the lode was proved to be 10ft. to 15ft. wide in
places, and it is fed by leaders and flat veins coming in from the walls. Another
shaft has proved the lode to be of a good size eastward, and a cutting 272ft. east of
the main shaft has exhibited a wide lode formation of quartz and other lodestone.
The strike of the line of reef is E. 10° N., dip, about 80° in the vicinity of the main
shaft. The lode formation has been traced along the line of reef 300ft., and has
been proved in the main shaft to exist at a depth of 100ft. There is every reason to
expect that it will continue at greater depth, and that large bodies of ore will con-
tinue to be met with. The Government Geologist was of opinion that this lode was
well worthy of being systematically and properly mined, and that the ore should be
GOLD, . 129
treated by the most approved methods. In 1895, 67 tons 17cwts. treated at the
Mount Torrens Cyanide Works yielded on an average 10Z. 11 dwts. 21grs. per ton.
The mine has been closed down, water being unobtainable. . . .
Koh-i-moor Gold Mining Company. —Locality, about 15 miles S.W.
from Kingscote, on Goyder's Range, Kangaroo Island. The Government Geologist.
reported the existence of thin veins of quartz, some of which carried gold. The
original prospector, E. Prime, drove a tunnel and sank a shaft, and, with Govern-
ment assistance, put down another shaft from the top of the hill, but without
special results.
Lady Alice Mine.—(See PARA WIRRA)
Lady Edith Mine.—(See PARA WIRRA)
Lambert’s Claim.—Situated at Paratoo, seven miles N.E. from Nackara
Railway Station. The Inspector of Mines reported in May, 1894, that four reef
claims were held. Little work had been done, and up to date nothing of a payable
nature found. About a year later the Inspector found that an underlie shaft had
been sunk 115ft., a vertical shaft 28ft., an underlie shaft 30ft., and one 20ft.
veitically and 70ſt. underlie. Fair stone was being raised that showed gold very
freely, and the reef was in some places 5ft. wide, composed of ferruginous quartz
and ironstone. The Inspector stated that the country was auriferous for miles
round. -
Lady Franklin Gold Mining Syndicate.—The property held is situated
adjoining to and east of Marble Range, Port Lincoln district. The Goldfields
Warden reported in 1897 that the workings consisted of five shafts, of depths varying
from 16ft. to 55ft., besides costeans, &c. In the main shaft galena in quartz was
struck at 20ft., and at 55ft, sugary quartz, containing fair specimens of rough gold.
An influx of water stopped operations. Samples from near the bottom assayed from
5dwts. 23grs, to 12dwts, of gold per ton, with traces of silver and lead. It was
unfortunate that operations ceased just when success seemed probable, as this dis-
covery might have been the means of opening up an entirely new gold-mining district.
Laura Gold Mining Syadicate.—Operations in progress in 1895 at
Lovely Gully. The Inspector of Mines reported that an underlie shaft was down
160ft, and that a vertical shaft cuts it at 68ft. At the 110ft. level a drive had been
put in 14ft. The vein of ore was exceedingly small, both in the bottom and in the
drive. Some rich specimens were formerly obtained from this property.
Lease 472.--Locality, Cuttlefish Bay, Kangaroo Island. This was worked for
gold, and the deepest shaft was 42ft. Six tons of ore returned a total of 18dwts. of
gold. -
Ley’s Syndicate.—Locality of workings, a mile and a half S.W. of Coppera-
linka Dam, and 93 miles from Olary Railway Station. Area, 20 acres. The Inspector
of Mines in 1892 reported that shallow pits had been sunk on small ferruginous
quartz veins, which carried 1 dwt. of gold per ton. A vertical shaft had been sunk
16ft. on an ironstone and quartz lode 4ft. 6in. wide, and striking E. 10° N. Samples
taken gave an assay return of 10Z, 188wts, per ton. The mine should become pay-
able if the lode continues down at its present size. * -
Londonderry Gold Mining Company.—(See TEETULPA.)
Lux Gold Mine (Mingary and New Mingary).-Locality, New
Luxemburg, 14 miles from Olary. This property included a number of claims, among
them the old Bismarck and John Brown. For years work was carried on under great
difficulties, so that the mine has never yet been properly developed. There are a
I
130 . MINING RECORDS.
number of reefs on the property, some of which gave rich specimens of gold. The
Inspector of Mines (1895) was of opinion that 8dwts. to the ton should pay; the
manager estimated that the whole of the ore would average 15dwts. There were
20 men employed at the time of his visit. Financial reasons led to the holders
letting out the mine on a tribute, and more recently it was understood that work had
ceased for a time. With a reasonable amount of capital the mine should prove a
profitable undertaking. -
Lux Extended.—Adjacent to the Lux; said to have good prospects.
Lyndoch.-On section 3250, near Lyndoch, the Government Geologist noted in
1889 that two men sinking through the tertiary drifts were obtaining a little gold in
the cemented quartz gravel and boulders overlying the bedrock. The sinking was
about 30ft. and dry, but the results were not payable, though it appeared probable
that payable gold would be obtained when a deeper run of ground was met with.
Lyndoch. Valley Gold and Copper Mines.—(See CoPPER.) The
property is on section 54, Barossa, and the Government Geologist reported upon it in
September, 1898, to the effect that some quartz lodes are exposed penetrating an out-
crop of quartzose sandstone. In an open cut a lode formation shows quartz associated
with argillaceous siliceous ferruginous material, and containing blue and green car-
bonate of copper and pyrites. It has a very favorable appearance for gold, is 6ft. or
7ft. thick in places, and looks like the cap of a permanent lode. Samples taken from
the lode and tailings showed gold and silver up to 4dwts. of the former and 12dwts.
of the latter. Judging by the results from the tailings, it is probable that gold in
payable quantities was obtained in the old workings, which it is said reached to a
depth of 160ft. Later in the same year the mine was put into voluntary liquidation,
though crushings yielding an 8dwts. return per ton had been obtained.
Malpas’s Section.— In April, 1895, it was reported that gold had been found
on section 5660, at the foot of Black Hill, hundred of Adelaide. The Inspector of
Mines reported that a small cutting had been made in a bank of alluvium ; and the
owner had stated that from half a ton of material 6dwts. of gold was obtained, and
that 11 tons produced 8dwts. The Government assay from alluvium and bedrock
gave no return of gold. There was, in the opinion of the Inspector, no sign of a lode
Movittie's Hill.—(See TALUNGA.)
New Moonlight Mine.--This claim adjoins the Lady Franklin Mine, Port
Lincoln district. Six shafts have been sunk, averaging from 20ft, to 37ft. in depth.
The reef, well defined, was reported to be auriferous, and further sinking was decided
upon. (July, 1897.) - - - -
THE MANNAHILL REEFS
Are about eight miles W. 10° N. from Mannahill, and 80 miles east from Petersburg,
and include the following :- . -
Aurora Australis LINE-This belt of reefs lies northward of, and roughly
parallel to, the Birthday reefs, at a distance of 20 to 30 chains. Claims were taken
up from opposite McEvoy's Prospecting Claim, in a south-westerly direction, for a
mile or so. .
BIRTHDAY LINE.-On the prospecting claim (McEvoy’s) several shafts and
excavations were made. The first, 14ft. deep, was sunk on a large quartz and iron-
stone reef, about 4ft. thick, striking E.N.E. in clay and calcareous cleaved slates.
The stuff for crushing consisted of ferruginous quartz, quartz, iron ore, and gossan,
with a little iron pyrites. A cutting was made in the middle of the claim across the
veins. The largest of these was 2ft. thick, underlying S.S.E. In a cutting towards
*
GOLD. - 131
the east small specks of gold were to be seen in the stone raised; 63 tons of stone
from this place, mixed with 13 tons from Gibson's claim further eastward was
crushed at Waukaringa, and was said to have yielded 15ozs. of gold. .
CHRISTMAs DAY CLAIM (Roberts & Co.) has an underlie shaft 65ft. deep, at
an angle of 55° to 66°. The reef ranges in width from 6in. to 12in. In addition to
brown iron ore and ferruginous and white quartz the reef contains mundic ; small
specks of gold are sometimes visible in this stone. (1889.)
DALtoN's CLAIM.–Here a large outcrop of quartz occurs, and a trench was cut;
no result reported. (1888.)
EASTWARD Ho!—A prospecting venture on reefs of quartz, iron oxide, and gossan.
Operations stopped. (1888.) -
ELLlot & CLARKE's CLAIM.–A shaft was sunk l 2ft. on a reef, which is from
12in. to 18in. wide, striking N.E. by east. There is also a shaft 20ft. deep on a
vertical reef, which is from 12in, to 18in. thick Pyrites is here associated with the
oxide of iron. About 4 tons of quartz was raised. (1888.) .
ELSIE MAY REEF.—Goslin's claim is situated about two miles in a westerly
direction from the prospecting claim. This reef was prospected in several places,
and trial crushings taken from two of them. At the eastern end the deposit of iron
oxide and gossany iron ore, of which the veinstone is composed, lies almost flat on
the top a low spur, cropping out to the surface northward and dipping gradually
southward, where it has a steeper inclination. The thickness of the deposit varies
from 12in. to 1-in., and 6 tons was crushed. In a W.N.W. direction some 700ft.
distant a crushing of 6 tons was taken out from an outlying patch of iron ore and
gossan, a foot or more in thickness, which is apparently a portion of a flat-reef out-
crop, which has not been denuded from the crown of the hill. These 12 tons of ore
were crushed at Waukaringa, with a satisfactory yield of gold. (1888.) - -
EUDUNDA HoPE.—There was a vertical shaft put down 110ft., which passed
through pyrites and galena in a small vein. There was also some costeaning, done,
but operations ceased for lack of capital. (1888.) In 1898 the Mines Department
raised and forwarded two parcels of ore and sent it for treatment at the Petersburg
Cyanide Works. The results proved that the ore was not payable.
GIFBons & CoMPANY.—On this claim an underlie shaft was sunk 34ft., on a vein
of ironstone and quartz, having a width at the bottom of 1 ft. The second underlie shaft
further south was 27ft. deep, and exposed a reef which is from 1 ft. to 2ft. thick at the
surface, and underlies at an angle of 70° S.S.F. From this claim 13 tons of quartz
were crushed with 63 tons from McEvoy's Prospecting Claim, as previously men-
tioned; this mixing of the quartz rendered the results from each claim uncertain.
The specimens shown to the Government Geologist by the proprietors contained the
coarsest particles of gold he saw on the field. About 11 tons of auriferous stone
raised. (1888.) -
Gordon AND STIRLING's CLAIM is the next, going eastward, adjoining McEvoy's.
The first excavation was about 12ft. deep, on a reef of quartz and ironstone, with
gossany cavities. The second, 15ft. deep on a large reef 6ft. or 7ft. thick underlying
S.S.E. 45°. The third working was a shaft 30ft. deep on a reef from 2ft. to 3ft. thick
in the bottom, where it showed a considerable quantity of gossan; about 18 tons of
crushing material were raised on this claim from the two parallel reefs prospected.
(1889.) - - .
Goshen CLAIM.–Four or five shafts of an average depth of 8ft. or 10ft. were
sunk on veins of quartz, ironstone, and gossan. (1889.) - -
GREAT EASTERN.—The Mine Inspector reported (1889):-This claim adjoins the
Birthday Claim. A shaft has been sunk 36ft. on the underlie, the lode running
W. 10° S. and dipping south at an angle of 30°. The stone is a ferruginous quartz, and
gold can be seen clearly, coarse and free. The average size of the reef is 10in,
182 MINING RECORDS.
Samples casually taken gave 10ozs. 8dwts, of gold and 8dwts. 4grs. silver to the ton.
(1889.) In September, 1898, 32 tons 13cwts. of ore yielded 370Zs. 15dwts. 11grs.
gold per ton at Petersburg Cyanide Works. - -
HAY.cock's CLAIM adjoins Gordon and Stirling's. An underlie shaft was sunk
28ft. between two quartz and gossany quartz veins, 3ft. apart. Two other leaders
show at the bottom of the shaft, underlying S.E. 45° to 50°. A trial crushing of 5cwts.
was obtained from two holes near the shaft in 1888, and yielded 14 dwts, of gold.
Holm Es AND RADFoED, in 1889, sank a shaft about 30ft. deep on a quartz and
iron ore reef. There are several mineral veins more or less parallel in this and the
adjoining claims. -
Ivey's CLAIM—Two or three small veins have been exposed by trenches and
shallow shafts; they have the same underlie and belong to the same belt of reefs as
those further westward. An underlie shaft was sunk 18ft. (1889.)
JENKIN's CLAIM was the most easterly in work in 1889. Here some 3 tons of
quartz were raised from a large blow of quartz, iron ore, and gossan in one place,
and a similar quantity from two other places, where there is a reef 2ft. or 3ft. thick,
In this, as well as in some of the other claims near, calcspar (crystallised carbonate
of lime) is associated with the vein quartz.
H. Konig's CLAIM.–An underlie shaft about 25ft. was sunk on a small vein.
No detailed particulars available. (1889.) ."
Lester's CLAIM.–An ironstone vein striking E.N.E., and dipping S.S.E., was
sunk on in two places, and about 2 tons of stuff raised for crushing. (1888.)
Moor E's CLAIM.–Three or four shallow shafts were in 1888 sunk on two small
parallel veins, which underlie to the S.E.E., but are less inclined in that direction
than the veins in the other claims; specks of gold were seen in the stone from the
southern vein.
NECTAR CLAIM.–Half a mile north-westerly from No Gammon Mine. There are
no fewer than six shafts within a distance of 50 yards. Ironstone leaders or veins
traverse the joints of the bedrock. In the sixth shaft, 20ft, deep, 6ft. of quartz was
passed through. The rocks are hard and broken. The ironstone leaders cut across
the bedding of the rocks, whilst the quartz reef just mentioned conforms more or
less to the bedding. From this claim 2 tons 8cwts. of ore was smelted at the Inter-
colonial Smelting Works, Spotswood, Victoria, and yielded gold at the rate of 202s,
17 dwts. 3grs. to the ton, and 2 tons. 6cwts. crushed at Waukaringa averaged 20zs.
11dwts. per ton. (1887.) - -
No GAMMON REEF.—Situated about five miles N.W. from Mannahill. Work
suspended in 1888. Several holes were sunk, and trenches cut to a shallow depth,
for a distance of about 20 chains. Commencing eastward the first hole was 33 ft.
deep, in brown iron ore and quartz, which apparently formed the broken outcrop of
a reef; the second hole 6%ft. deep, in rubbly quartz, gossan, and iron ore, also the
broken outcrop of a large reef; the third, a shaft 20ft. deep, in rubbly quartz and
soft calcareous clayslates; the fourth, an excavation 2ft. to 3ft. wide and 8ft. deep,
in broken ground, apparently the top of a large reef (about 15 tons of stuff were
raised here); the fifth, 15ft. deep, and in it a flat ironstone and quartz reef 2ft. to
3ft. thick was sunk through and followed for a few feet on its underlie ; the sixth,
an excavation 15ft, deep in kaolinised and calcareous clayslates. Besides these there
were other holes and excavations, including a trench some 70 yards long and 2ft. to
4ft. deep. An assay gave 1902s, to the ton of stone from this mine. -
PADMoRE & Co.—A shaft was sunk about 30ft., and 4 tons or 5 tons of quartz
raised. This reef contains mundic, (1888.) - -
Potter's CLAIMs are about 300 yards southwards from Goslin’s reef; a number
of claims were taken up on a quartz and iron ore reef, with a low inclination to the
southward. (1888.)
GOLD. 133
Rob ERTs & PADMoRF, Gor. DEN HILL,~Two veins of quartz and ironstone
prospected, and about 2 tons of stone raised. A shaft was sunk 13ft. on a large reef
of quartz, gossan, and ironstone. The strike of the reef is north-easterly, and it
underlies north-westerly 70°, (1888.) . . .
TRoy AN MINE.--Contains two lodes, underlying to the south, and varying in
width from 2ft. 6in. to 4ft. The ore is gossan and ironstone. Four and a half tons
crushed yielded at the rate of 1 oz. of gold to the ton. The ore occurs in veins and
shoots, which vary in width from 2ft. to 3ft., and dip S.W. Four shafts were sunk,
the deepest 60ft., and drives put in for a total length of 130ft. A vertical shaft to
strike the reef, and with the hope of finding water, was sunk. (E. F. Troy, secretary,
1887.) The stone found on this field is composed of hematite, quartz, brown iron
ore, iron pyrites, ironstone, and gossan, and it is difficult to see the gold without
crushing and washing. Eleven samples, consisting of gossan, quartz, pyrites, and
tailings, were assayed, and, with the exception of two, were found to contain gold.
In 1895 this old venture was being reworked, and a parcel of stone sent to the
Mount Torrens battery, one mile distant, proved that the mine was carrying payable
gold. The lode is of a very solid character. (Register, 24/6/95.)
SMITH's CLAIM.–An underlying shaft has been sunk 15ft., two veins underlying
south-south-easterly, 60°. About 5 tons of crushing stuff raised. (1888.)
WERNER's CLAIM.– A shallow underlie shaft was sunk on a small vein, dipping
60° south-south-easterly; about 3 tons of quartz raised. (1888.) . -
WEST ward Ho!—From this mine, 12 miles N.W. from Mannahill Railway
Station, 1% tons of ore was sent by the Government to be treated in Melbourne, and
it gave a return of 202s. 6dwts, per ton. The mine became the property of Dr. Dixon,
and a 20-head battery was worked. The reef is large, runs east and west, and under-
lies southward at a low angle. It is composed chiefly of iron oxides and gossan, and
has every appearance of being permanent, and can be easily mined. Water-level,
60ft. The Inspector of Mines reported, in 1889, that thousands of tons of vein
material had been dealt with, but the gold, being fine, had escaped into the tailings to
the extent of fully 10dwts, to the ton. The sulphide ore had been proved to carry
over 13 ozs. to the ton, a portion being free gold. From the concentrates 68ozs.
8dwts, and 21grs. gold and 3ozs. 5dwts. 8grs. of silver per ton were obtained; and
the tailings of the concentrates showed 16dwts, gold to the ton. Recently the tailings
lying there were treated, resulting in a bar weighing 104ozs., valued at £42s. 6d.
per ounce, obtained by the Deeble process. In December, 1898, this property was
examined by the Government Geologist. He states that the main inclined shaft had
been sunk 72ft. below water-level, and that at the bottom there had been a drive put
in for 50ft. A large pyritous lode, varying in thickness from 5ft. to 10ft., a continua-
tion of the lode worked on the surface, is disclosed, and looks to be strong and
permanent. The veinstone is chiefly iron and arsenical pyrites, associated with
quartz, ironstone, and gossan; and it has been followed from the surface 225ft. The
samples taken from the bottom and the end of the excavation gave good assay results,
up to as high as 1 oz. 9dwts, per ton, and show that the lode at the deepest point
reached is rich in gold. The vertical depth from the surface is only about 150ft.,
and taking into consideration this fact, together with the size of the lode and the
large quantity of auriferous pyrites that could be cheaply obtained by a proper
system of mining, it is almost certain that satisfactory results would accrue if skilfully
worked. - -
All these claims adjoin one another along the line or belt of reefs, extending in an
east-north-easterly direction for about a mile. In some places they conform to the
bedding of the rock for a short distance; at others they cut across it, and apparently
fill up fissures made by faults in the strata. The strike of the rocks is roughly
approximate to that of the veins, and they dip in a south-south-easterly direction, at
a low angle. The rocks consist of clay and sandy slates, claystones, and calcareous
clay slates. The general strike of this belt of rocks is east-north-easterly, and the
134 MINING RECORDS.
general underlie south-south-easterly. The veinstone is composed of a hard glassy
and white quartz, with cavities containing gossan, ferruginous clay, iron oxides, and
pyrites, and admixtures of these with quartz. The gold occurs in fine particles, and
is generally contained in the iron ore and siliceous ferruginous rock, though sometimes
seen in the quartz. Owing to the nature of the veinstone, it is difficult to discern
the gold without crushing and washing the material. Many of the reefs contain
traces of copper. The gold has doubtless been derived from the decomposition of
the pyrites. - . f
Taken generally, the nature of these reefs is very encouraging, although there is
no reason for supposing that all claims taken up would prove payable, the gold being
as usual in shoots and patches, which will have to be followed. From the abundance
of iron oxide in the vein stones it is safe to infer that when the water-level is
reached they will chiefly consist of iron pyrites, which is already present to some
extent in some of the reefs near the surface. (1890.) -
May Queen.—Situated in German Gully. In sinking, a reef 4ft, wide was
found at a depth of 30ft., with gold distributed in the quartz. A trial crushing
returned $oz, per ton. A strong pumping plant was required to keep the water
under. (April, 1897.) - . -
McLean’s Lease.--Adjoining the Walter Outalpa, on an alluvial flat. It
was examined in 1895 by the Inspector of Mines, who reported that prospecting
operations were in progress, by which means a lode had been traced, but had not
been tested. . . -
McMurtrie’s Claims.-Situated on Blackfellow's Creek, hundred of Kuitpo,
five miles south from Prospect Hill. The Inspector of Mines reported that there is
a strong well-defined reef, on the average 3ft. 6in. wide, principally ferruginous
quartz, carrying a layer of plumbic schist, and in this flaky gold could be seen, An
average-looking stone taken from the footwall of reef assayed 10Z. 15dwts, gold per
ton, whilst the schist, in which no gold was visible, yielded 8dwts. 5grs. Course of
reef, N. 10° E. From a shaft 40ft. fully 100 tons was taken out. At the south end
a shaft has been sunk 20ft.; reef 3ft. thick, carrying free gold. (1889.)
Meadows Reefing Company.—About 1872 prospecting commenced in
the locality named, but sinking was stopped by the heavy influx of water, and
operations were not resumed. (1887.) -
Medora Mine.—Adjoins the Mount Grainger Mine on the south. In October,
1897, it was reported that the lode had been struck at 45ft. in the two vertical shafts
sunk, and that gold was showing freely. At the Petersburg Cyanide Works a parcel
of 193 cons of ore was treated August, 1898, which returned 420zs. 11dwts. 21 grs.
of gold. Crushing in December, 1898, of unpicked stone averaged 20zs. 17dwts.
21grs. per ton. The last lot of samples, treated by Harrold Brothers, it was said
yielded 33 ozs. of gold per ton of ore. :
Mid-Alma Mine.—Sixteen acres were held on lease from the Government
between the Alma and Victoria and the East Alma, and the two lodes in it strike
east and west, one averaging a foot and the other a foot and a half in width. Two
shafts have been put down to the respective depths of 296ft., and 93ft., both follow-
ing the dip of the lodes; and there is a drive of 80ft. The ore matrix is quartz
intermingled with ironstone, the country rock being argillaceous sandstone. The
total amount expended to April, 1890, in the development of this mine was
£3,917 12s, . . . . . . . . . . . ; : . -
GOLD. 135
Mingary Gold Mine (New Mingary, Lux).-The Inspector of Mines
on several occasions examined and reported upon this mine, which is situated in
auriferous country at New Luxemburg, about 14 miles from Olary Railway Station.
He reported there were several quartz reefs upon the property, ranging from 1ſt. to
4ft. thick, already proved to be auriferous to a great depth. The various shafts
exhibited large quantities of stone, in which free gold could be discovered—payable,
if water could be obtained for treatment. The gold is distributed over a large area.
Samples treated by the Government Assayer gave—(1) cellular quartz, 3ozs. 5dwts.
gold per ton; (2) ferruginous quartz, 1 dwt. 1 grs. ; (3) ironstone copper-stained,
11ozs. 9dwts. gold per ton ; and in neither of these stones was there any gold visible.
This he regarded as a valuable property, and each visit confirmed the opinion first
formed, that success would follow the economical treatment of the large bodies of
stone the mine possesses. The company was reconstructed as the New Mingary and
later as the Lux. The REPUBLIC, BISMARCK, John Brown, DEBAUN’s, FootB’s,
and the STAR OF HoPE and other claims were (1890) included in the New Mingary.
(See NEw MINGARY.) . - -
Mintaro Alluvial Diggings.--Locality, section 2153, and a small adjoining
reserve, hundred of Stanley. The gold, says the Government Geologist, is found on
two bottoms, namely, in the surface loam and gravel, from a depth of 6in. to a
foot or two, and in the red clay and wash underneath, and which rests upon the bed-
rock. The gold is of an unusually good quality; some is waterworn, and nuggets of
a few ounces in weight have been found. Gold has also been found in other places
in the vicinity. No well-defined quartz reefs or igneous dykes are visible, and the
gold may have been derived, as at Echunga, from small kaolin and ironstone veins.
The rocks are favorable to the occurrence of gold, and places where there are
cappings of tertiary gravel and conglomerate, as well as the gullies and creeks of the
district, might be tested for gold. (1892.)
Montacute Mine.—This mine is mentioned under the head of “Cop PER,”
but it is said to have yielded gold. No information has been obtained beyond the
fact that samples from the lode, on washing, gave good colors. (1890.) In 1897
it was stated that from 1844 to 1851 this mine was worked for copper only, but that
assays, showing gold up to 4ozs. 13dwts. 8grs. per ton, had been obtained. On
September 17th of the same year it was reported that in the western drive, 150ft. from
surface, a lode, 2ft. wide, carrying copper and gold, had been cut. The estimate
of value was 10dwts. to 15dwts, of gold per ton, and 40 per cent. of copper.
Monte Christo Mines (Sullivan's Claim).-Locality, one mile N.E.
from Mount Victor; area, seven ordinary reef claims. The Inspector of Mines
examined this property in October, 1894, and reported that there are several strong
outcrops of lodes, and on the eastern slope of a hill a shaft cut one of them at 20ſt.,
passing through it at 30ft., and drives were put in. Paint gold was visible on some
of the stone, and samples taken gave an assay result from a trace to 1dwt. per ton.
In another shaft, 35ft. deep, a strong vein strikes east and dips south. Further
prospecting in depth recommended. -
Moppa Goldfield.—Locality, two and a half miles from Greenock. It was
reported that alluvial diggers did well here between 1893 and 1895, two men
obtaining 2802s, of gold, one piece weighing 19qwts. 17grs. Subsequent workings
proved that the gold was to be found in irregular patches, and was difficult to trace.
Sinking was from 12ft. to 30ft. in soft sandy clay. In the latter part of 1895 only a
few diggers continued working there. The Inspector of Mines in 1893 reported that
20 men were working on alluvial on sections seven miles south of Kapunda, some of
whom had obtained a little gold. Gold exists in reefs in the locality, and there is a
considerable area of alluvial ground. Results up to that date had been poor, but little
work had been done to prove the property. It was recommended to test a deeper
gully south of section 7, and one on section 5. - * - . . . . . . .
136 MINING RECORDS.
Moppa Hill Goldfields.--In September, 1894, some men were obtaining
gold near Fitzgerald's and on Heggie's and Johnson’s land. Several men had been
getting fair prospects. The gold was reported to be of good quality, being purchased
at the Melbourne Mint at £4 ls. per ounce.
Morialta.-In 1890 gold was being found in gullies on the Morialta Estate, at
therhead of the Fifth Creek, in the hundred of Adelaide. It was of a peculiar
cha acter, being frequently found in flat pieces, bearing serrated feather-like markings.
The owner of the land bought 50ozs, of gold from the diggers, but there is every
reason to believe that this represented but a small proportion of the quantity found.
Diggers were still working there in 1890. An important mineral find was reported
in 1896, and it was alleged that samples taken from a lode were rich in silver, with
a trace of gold. (See SILVER.)
Morning Star Gold Mining Company.—(See TEETULFA.)
Morning Star South Gold Mining Company.- (See TEETULPA.)
Mottram’s Prospect.—Situated in the Angipena mining district. The
Government Geologist reported (March, 1896) that a shaft had been sunk 60ft. in
soft slate, near a small outcrop of ironstone and crystalline limestone, and drives put
in. Average samples from ferruginous material and manganic iron in the veins gave
each a trace of gold. - r - -
Mount Brandt Gold Mining Company. —Twelve quartz claims, 2784
to 2795, a mile and half from new Mingary Mine. No records. r
Mount Craig.—An Adelaide exploring and prospecting syndicate reported in
July, 1897, striking a 2ft, reef in this locality which carried good gold.
Mount Dutton Range.—In June, 1889, the Government Geologist roughly
prospected this locality, which lies some 12 or 15 miles north-westward of Alge-
buckina and higher up the Neales river. Encouraging prospects of alluvial gold
were found in several places, though not sufficient to indicate an immediately payable
goldfield; but there is every reason to suppose that payable patches of auriferous
ground exist and might be found by diligent prospecting. The areas occupied by
the Mount Dutton, Peake, and Mount Dennison Ranges, extending from near Anna
Creek to Mount Dutton, a distance of about 80 miles, are surrounded by mesozoic
plains, with a great thickness of sandstones, shales, and other deposits covering the
bedrock. Prospecting for gold should commence on or near the outcrops, and once
a lead or run of gold is struck it is possible that it may be traced far out beneath the
mesozoic deposits of the plains.
Mount Fitton.-Situated 76 miles east from Farina. A quartz reef lies
about two mikes S.E. of the trig. It contains hematite and gossan, and yields specks
of gold on being crushed. The basin-shaped area around Mount Fitton appears to
be a locality favorable for gold prospecting, both in the reefs and alluvium. (1884.)
Mount Grainger.—Situated about nine miles north of Oodla Wirra. In
December, 1894, the then Inspector of Mines reported in detail, the sum of his
statements being that at about 150ft, above the creek a long open cut had passed
through a rubble formation 30ft. wide, with quartz stringers showing gold occasionally,
whilst decomposed material prospected over 20zs. of gold per ton. Jaspery honey-
combed quartz was abundant; also yielding excellent prospects. A strong well-
defined quartz reef exists, carrying gold; strike N.E. and S.W. The gold was free,
coarse, and easily saved; and 5dwts, per ton should pay. The results from 20
washings showed from 10%. to 60Zs, per ton. A subsequent inspector reported that
doubtless there would be a compact lode found at depth. Samples taken by him from
the workings varied from 2dwts. to 3ozs. 14dwts. of gold per ton, and 3ozs. 2dwts. of
GOLD. 137
silver per ton. In March, 1895, he found that the underlie shaft had been
continued to 53ft., and a drive put in 20ft. from that level; with a winze thence
45ft. ; lode still in unsettled country; prospects good ; 202s. per ton anticipated.
The Government Geologist examined the property in 1895, and stated that the
rich formation is composed of hard and soft sandstone, quartzite, clay slate, and
argillaceous sandstone, with calcareous sandstone grit and quartzite in the neighbor-
hood. The gold-bearing veins together make an irregular lode formation 3ft.
to 4ft. in width, apparently due to the intrusion of veins or dykes of igneous rock
into sandstone and clay slate, in the fissures of which rocks ferruginous material
has been deposited. The formation resembles those occurring near Mount Pleasant.
Good prospects of fine gold are to be obtained by washing the vein-stuff from
any of the excavations on the mine. Some of the stone treated at the Govern-
ment Cyanide Works gave these results:–Stone, 4 tons 6cwts., treated by battery,
5ozs. 3dwts. 99rs., valued at £3 18s. per ounce. ; by cyanide, 15dwts. 14grs, valued
at £4 per ounce, . : - . .
Maria Syndicate.—The property held is situated two and a half miles S.E.
of Talta booka Well; area 20 acres. Auriferous quartz was discovered on the surface
in 1894. The Inspector of Mines reported that some costeaning pits showed a fair
amount of auriferous stone. Samples from these and from heaps on the surface
assayed 20zs. 6dwts of gold and loz. 12dwts. of silver per ton. There is no defined
lode, but the property is worthy of development, (1895.) * : *
Mount Coffin.—In January, 1825, it was reported that gold was being obtained
in a gully here by dry-blowing, and that there were rich patches of alluvial indicated
in the vicinity.
Mount Kintore Claim.—Locality, one mile and a half from Alma to the
N.W.; area, 40 acres. Two peaks on a hill form a centre towards which six distinct
reefs of white barren-looking quartz strike. The Inspector of Mines stated that the
whole hill is a mass of “hungry-looking ” quartz, not likely to carry payable gold.
He had samples tried by the Government Assayer without any valuable result.
Scarcely any testing work had been done on the claim at the time of his visit.
(1889.)
Mount Magnificent.—Gold was found on section 209, hundred of Myponga
near the River Finniss, and two miles in a W.N.W. direction from Mount
Magnificent. At a spot 20 chains east of the river, and 150ft. up the slope of the
hill, a large quartz reef crops out. A tunnel has been driven into the hill about 10ft.
below the reef to a lode formation from 2ft. to 3ft. in thickness, and from which
quartz was excavated for about 16ft. The reef strikes north and south, with an
underlie of 45° E. North and south of the tunnel it bends round in the shape of
a horseshoe. The quartz generally is very ferruginous. Good prospects of rough
gold were obtained from stone taken from the tunnel and the outcrop; no fine
particles were found. The reef is large and well-defined. This is the prospectors'
claim. On Mincham's claim a tunnel of about 75ft. was driven along a small reef
higher up the hill to the S.E., having a south-easterly underlie, and composed of
white and ferruginous quartz. No gold was to be seen in the quartz. An attempt
was made by a small company to work these reefs, but the claim was abandoned
before much work had been done, and before any payable results had been obtained.
Subsequently shafts were put down, and tunnels driven, but no valuable discovery
made. The Inspector of Mines stated that the mine was situated in an auriferous
belt of country. The long tunnel had been driven 275ft, (1889.) Prospecting for
reefs should be encouraged in this vicinity. . . .
Mount Moore Gold Mining Syndicate.-Sixteen quartz claims amalga-
mated, situated near the New Mingary Mine, 17 miles from the Mingary Railway
Station: (1887.) - * ,
138 - MINING RECORDS.
Mount Mulga Mine.—Situated on the Boolcoomata Ranges, 13 miles north
from Olary Railway Station. The Inspector of Mines (1893) reported the existence of
a large lode, enclosed by gneiss and mica schist. A vertical shaft was down 50ft.
At 15ft. the lode was struck, and the shaft passed through it at 45ft. At the 25ft.
level an underlie shaft had been put down 75ft. Samples from the bottom of the
shaft gave 3dwts. of gold per ton, with a trace of copper. In his opinion, though
the lode looked poor, it was worth further prospecting. -
Mount Ogilvie Goldfield.—Locality, near Tower Gap, Mount Lyndhurst
sheep run. Gold was found to occur in small veins of ferro-calcite (carbonate of lime
and iron) and quartz, traversing siliceous and calcareous slates. Rich specimens of
gold were obtained from these veins, associated with ores of cobalt, nickel, and arsenic,
in which the gold was sometimes found embedded. The Inspector of Mines reported
that there is a continuous run of broken hills and low-lying ranges from Gill's Bluff
to Nichol’s Nob, a distance of ten miles, capped by beds of concretionary slates, in
places ferruginous, and besides there are masses of siliceous and cherty slates. Very
little work had been done. Gold was visible in the baryta, and the compact ullmanite
nearest the baryta was remarkably rich in gold. A stone that showed no visible
gold on being crushed and panned off yielded gold estimated at fully 100ozs. to the
ton. The vein would pay well for working, even if only for nickel. There was no
trace of copper 2ft. below the surface, though the outcrop contained carbonate of
copper, (1889.) -
Mount Ogilvie West.—Locality, S.W. of and adjoining Mount Ogilvie
Mine. Two shafts were sunk, No 1,42ft. vertical, passing through nine leaders con-
taining quartz, calcspar, and iron, carrying a little gold (loz, 14dwts, by assay); and
No. 2, sunk on the underlie of a lode at an angle of 50° to a depth of 64ft. The
width of the lode on surface increased to not less than 20ft. at the depth mentioned,
where the lode consists of iron, calcspar, quartz, oxide of manganese, and earthy iron
gossan. A picked parcel of 11 cwts. of this treated in the Huntington Mill yielded
1oz. 9dwts., being at the rate of 3ozs, to the ton, and assays have been had as high
as 220Zs. gold and 1180Zs. of silver. A small lot of 1 cwt., treated by Harrold Bros.,
yielded 43 per cent. nickel and 3 per cent. bismuth with traces of cobalt. Two other
reefs on the property have not yet been tested. (Captain J. M. Dillon, 1890.)
Mount Ogilvie New Find. — Situated about three-quarters of a mile east
from Nichol’s Nob, taking in the ground formerly held by the Nichol’s Nob Copper
Company. The Inspector of Mines reported that the gold was discovered by washing
some of the fine stuff that had accumulated from copper ore-dressing in former days.
Excellent prospects were obtained. There is a well-defined and regular lode 3ft.
thick, carrying a low quality copper ore, from which the gold is obtained. (1889.)
Mount Pangaeus Mine.—Situated in Hahndorf Gully, about two miles from
Hahndorf; area, 25 acres. The Inspector of Mines stated (1889) that a tunnel had
been driven 666ft. into the mount, and an air-shaft was being sunk. Two reefs had
been intersected, which should unite at about 80ft. below the tunnel level. Work
has ceased. -
Mount Rufus.-Locality, Shannon's sections 149 and 150, 17 miles N.E. from
Kapunda, hundred of Dutton. "The Inspector of Mines reported in January, 1895,
that on the saddle of a high hill there is a strong body of quartz, 3ft. wide, enclosed
by decomposed granite stained with iron; samples gave no return of gold. A vein
of quartz on the crown of the hill assayed a trace of gold. There are other shallow
sinkings exposing veins which gave no results, but these veins are of a kindly mature
and auriferous. They should be tested at a depth of 50ft.
Mount Torrens Gold Mine.—This property, two and a half miles from
Blumberg, hundred of Talunga, was worked years ago, as an alluvial claim under
the name of the “Criterion,” and good patches were found containing heavy gold.
GOLD. 139
The Inspector of Mines reported (1889) that the company held ground under a lease
for 25 years. A vertical shaft should cut the reef at the depth of 145ft. ; it has an
east and west strike, with a dip north 1.ft. in 4. The reef, averaging 4ft. in width, is
composed of quartz, iron pyrites, and a flucan carrying free gold. One hundred and
forty tons, put through an ordinary battery, yielded 7dwts, gold to the ton, whilst
two parcels sent to the smelters averaged 1 oz. 2dwt.s. per ton. Two hundred and
twenty tons gave 6dwts. of free gold to the ton, but the tailings assay 1oz. 10dwts.
of gold and several ounces of silver to the ton. The Inspector was present when a
parcel was treated, and 4cwts. No. 1 concentrates assayed 6ozs. 8dwts. gold and
9dwts. silver per ton; No. 2 assayed 20zs. 17dwts, gold and 4dwts, silver per ton.
On an application for a Government subsidy the Inspector examined this mine in
April, 1890, and reported that the lode averaged 4ft. wide of quartz and pyrites, and
appeared highly payable. Samples taken assayed respectively, 14ozs. 14dwts, of
old and 7dwts, of silver per ton ; 9ozs. 18dwts, of gold and 7dwts. of silver; 3ozs.
15dwts, of gold and a trace of silver; 50zs. 4dwts. of gold and 2dwts. of silver ; and
8ozs. 13dwts. of gold and 5dwts, of silver. There was bismuth in four of the samples.
In May, 1895, it was reported that a sale of the mine to a London syndicate had
been effected. Recent crushings returned severally 180Zs. 0dwts. 12grs. for 35%
tons of stone, and 17ozs. 18dwts. 14grs. for 70 tons, and 33 dwt.s. per ton in tailings.
This property was subsequently purchased by the Government, and is now being
worked by them, in conjunction with the battery and cyanide plant, under the
direction of the manager of the Cyanide Works. -
Mount Venture is on section 4107, Onkaparinga. In January, 1887, gold
was found on the cap of a reef, which strikes nearly due north and south, with an
underlie east, and traceable on the surface for some distance. A shaft was sunk to
a depth of 63ft., and at 31 ft. a crosscut put in. This showed the reef to be 18ft.
wide. Assays taken yielded gold at the rate of 2; ozs. to the ton. At 63ft. drives
were extended north and south along the reef, which consists of ironstone, with
veins of quartz. The existence of a defined and continuous shoot of gold was not
proved. (1889.) - -
Mount Victoria Mine is about two miles S.W. from Mount Victoria, in
the N.E. district. Prospecting for copper ore was carried to a depth of about 60ft.
The lode contains specular iron, carbonates, red oxide, and sulphides of copper, and
iron pyrites. The lode strikes N.W., and is about 2ft. wide, in a soft decomposed
granitic dyke, Gold occurs in the green carbonate, the quartz, and the iron oxide, in
coarse and fine specks. The lode is worth testing for gold to a depth much greater
than that reached. (1883.)
Muldoon’s Claim.—Situated at Angipena. The Government Geologist
examined this property in April, 1896, and found a shaft down 30ft. on a large
“blow" of brown iron ore, siliceous iron, and gossan, up to 15ft. wide, and pyrites
found in iron oxide. Four average samples returned in two cases a trace of gold,
and in the others nil. . - -
Myponga.—In May, 1886, the Government equipped a party of eighteen men
to prospect for gold in the hundred of Myponga. They began on section 287,
Meadows Creek, near its junction with the Finniss, and in a line of shafts, varying
in depth from 5ft. to 17ft., put across the creek, gold was found, but not in payable
quantities. The eastern slope was tried within 100yds. of the creek, and a fair
prospect was found in 4ft. sinking. In one shaft a small patch yielded about
ioz. 10dwts. of rough gold. Around this shaft a great number of others were sunk
to depths of from 4ft. to 30ft., but no payable gold was found. A little distance
below the junction of the Finniss and Meadows creeks some holes were put down to
depths of 11ſt, and 14ft., but greater depths could not be reached owing to the in-
flux of water. Some specks of gold were met with in the drift. Four hundred
yards below this point a line of shafts was thrown across the river, and two distinct
runs of gold were struck. Near Mount Compass shafts were sunk from 3ft, to 40ft.
140 MINING RECORDS.
deep, and gold was found in nearly all. In the 40ft. shaft it was found at 17 ft., on
a false bottom. From that depth the sinking was through sand cement on to a
granite bottom. Other trial shafts were put down in the neighborhood of Mount
Compass, without result. Holes were also sunk down the river to about 300yds.
below the junction of Blackfellows' Creek. Specks of gold were found in most of the
holes. Returning to their starting point on the Meadows Creek, and prospecting
northwards, the party obtained signs of gold in nearly every gully, but not in payable
quantities. In Cooper's Gully a good prospect of shotty gold was got, but operations
were greatly retarded by the large quantity of water met with. At Lantern Flat,
about a mile and a half north of the starting point, the party prospected places where
two long gullies come into it. Some of the dirt yielded from 2dwts. to 3dwts. of
gold per load. Prospecting operations were not carried beyond this point. (1887.)
At a spot directly on the boundary of Myponga and Kuitpo a few yards square of
surfacing was prospected for gold. A trial washing yielded four or five specks.
Since then nothing worth mentioning has been done. By making a race from the
Finniss river a short distance above this point sluicing could be engaged in during
several months of the year. (1889.) -
Nantawarra.-Locality, old Nantawarra Dam. In a conglomerate ironstone
deposit, in the bed of a dry creek on Johnson's land, it was reported in October,
1895, that traces of gold had been found. No further information received.
New Ajax Consolidated.—Area, 40 acres; eight miles S.W. from Wauka-
ringa. A well-defined reef (reports the Inspector of Mines) can be traced for a
considerable distance, and had been sunk upon in ten places, the shafts being from
30ft. to 12(ft. deep ; course, N.E. and S.W., with an underlie N.W. Formation,
layers of ferruginous quartz and chlorite slate. Samples taken gave as high as
1oz. 4dwts. per ton; 100 tons tried at New Alma gave 10dwts, per ton. There was
a Government subsidy granted to assist in the development of this property. The
secretary (April, 1890) furnished the following particulars :—The main vertical shaft
is down to a depth of 170ft., and the principal underlie shaft 157ft. There are eight
other shafts, varying in depth from 20ft. to 80ft. The strike of the lode is N.E. by
E., and the dip 45° N.W., and the length of the drive 30ft. Width of lode 4ft. 6in.,
composed of ferruginous quartz and chlorite slate, and the country rock is calcareous
slate and sandstone. The ore consists of oxide of iron and quartz, and assays have
given results ranging from 10dwts. to 4ozs. 8dwts, 6ozs. I dwt., and 7ozs. 7dwts. per
ton. The Mine Inspector, in June, 1892, reported that a great deal of work had
been done. Samples from the shaft and levels (280ft. and 310ft.) returned 13dwts.
of gold per ton; a bulk assay had given Ioz. 9dwts. of gold and a trace of silver per
ton. In the company’s shaft there is a lode 2ft. wide and well defined. . . .
New Golden Record.—(See GoLDEN REcoRD.)
New Alma, and Victoria Gold Mine.—Locality, Waukaringa. The
mine was yielding only 8dwts. 143 grs, per ton in September, 1894, and in November
of that year a winding-up was resolved upon. From the first start in 1872 to
October 31st, 1894, the working expenses had been £1.94,291 13s. 6d. ; machinery,
etc., £30,164 16s. 10d. ; total, £224,456 10s. 4d. ; gold produce, £180,566.8s. 1d. ;
dividends paid, £24,000. Gold average, 1889 to 1872, 16dwts. 20grs. per ton,
worth £4 1s. 11; d. per ounce. . -
New Enterprise.—Situated eight miles S.W. from Waukaringa. From
official returns, December 31st, 1898, there was raised during six months 349 tons of
stone, which yielded 78ozs. 19dwts, of smelted gold, equal to between 4dwts, and
5dwts. per ton. Deepest shaft, 350ft. - - - •
New Stirling Reef.-Five gold leases, 56 acres, situate on Stirling Hill and
the Onkaparinga River. The little work done resulted unfavorably, (1887.)
North Nairne.—I ocality, near the Nairne Railway Station and nearly adjoin-
ing the New Banksia. The Inspector of Mines reported that there was a large reef
upon the property, which required capital for thorough prospecting. From 3dwts, to
4dwts. per ton could be obtained by trial crushings all through the reef, which is 10ft.
thick at the 140ft. level, but pinches going south. At the 80ft, the reef averages 5ft.
It had been estimated that under effective treatment the reef would yield 10Z. per ton.
The lease contained half a mile in length of reef, striking north and south, with a dip
east at an angle of 10°. The drives opened and winzes sunk exposed fully 11,000
tons of material. Numerous assays obtained averaged 12dwts. per ton, and the gold
was of high quality; and 5dwt.s. should pay the cost of breaking and extraction.
Stopped working, wanting capital. (1890) It was decided in 1895 to accept an
offer to work the mine, but results have not been reported. -
North Para River.—On section 586 a party of men tunnelling in the banks
of this river, at the junction between the bedrock and the tertiary drift, got washdrift
consisting of cemented gravel and boulders, and gold was obtained. The ground
tried up to 1889 was not regarded as payable, .
Nichol’s Nob Mine.—Situated in the Farina district; was formerly worked
as the Nichol’s Nob Copper Mine, but prospectors examining the old dressing-floor,
found fair prospects of gold. The Inspector of Mines reported that there is a
strong well-defined lode bearing N. 20° W. and underlying N.E. which carries a fair
percentage of copper near the surface. It changes in character in depth, the quartz
cutting the copper almost entirely out, and carrying gold in a free state, with a kindly
assºciation of iron. The surrounding country is favorable for gold, and warrants
further exploration and development. (1889.)
Nillinghoo Birthday Mine.—Adjoining the Extended. Area 16 chains.
1t is said that the Kirkeek’s Treasure lode runs through them. Very little surface
work had been done (July, 1894), but a shaft had been commenced to test the lode
at 100ft. in depth. - -
Nillinghoo Eastern Blocks.--A shaft down 106ft. (July, 1894)
Nillinghoo Extended.—Situated on the western slope of Lookout Hill.
Area, 13 reef claims In July, 1894, it was stated that a shaft was down 55ft. in a
very hard unsettled lode formation 30ft wide Leaders met with were said to
carry payable gold. Vughs were found containing cubes of hematite, some of which
measured 9in. across. - -
Nillinghoo Gold Mining Company.—A report was published in July,
1894, to the effect that a shaft was down on the property worked more than 100ft.
in soft slate country, and that drives were put in north 30ft. and south 70ft. without
meeting with a lode, and a second shaft with drives was also unsatisfactory in result.
Nillinghoo Goldfield.—Situated near Mount Victor. The Government
Geologist in 1895 described the mode of occurrence of gold here, remarking upon
the peculiarities exhibited in the Kirkeek's Treasure Mine. The country rocks con-
sist of quartzite, sandstone, siliceous slate, and clay slate, striking east and west, and
tilted up into an anticlinal arch. The lode strikes through these rocks in an easterly
and westerly direction, penetrating the quartzite rock, which contains thin bands of
kaolinised slate. The lode formation carries hematite, brown iron ore, and gossan,
with quartz and kaolin intermingled with quartzite rock, and cavities are occasionally
filled with brown clay containing crystals of limonite of all sizes, cubical and modified
(evidently at one time pyrites), and crystals of quartz. The limonite has resulted
from oxidation. (See Kirkeek's Treasure.)
Nillinghoo Lookout Hill.—A crosscut was (J uly, 1894) put in from No.
1 shaft 120ft. Several leaders were passed through, the largest nearly lft. wide,
carrying gold. . -
142 * MINING RECORDS.
Nillinghoo Proprietary.—Locally known as Sudholz's claims, there being
18 reef claims within it. Little is known about the property. - -
Nillinghoo Western Blocks.-A new shaft down in a lode formation,
carrying, it was reported, a fair quantity of fine gold. - - -
Nor’-West Prospecting Company.—This was formed at Hammond in
December, 1894, to send out prospectors through the country lying between the settled
districts and the western boundary of the province. A party was formed and Govern-
ment assistance obtained, but results were not satisfactory.
Olary Mine.—Situated about two and a half miles from Olary Railway
Station. The Inspector of Mines reported that that there is a strong lode, which can
be traced fully two miles, bearing E.N.E. and almost vertical, chiefly quartz, but at
intervals making large siliceous ironstone “blows.” A good deal of work had been
done, and a shaft sunk 110ft. on a solid body of pyrites. Two assays showed
respectively 1dwt. 12grs and 1dwt. 8grs. of gold to the ton. The auriferous pyrites
were likely to become richer in depth. (1889.) - -
One Tree Hill.—Locality, Shillabeer's section. Prospecting commenced in
1896 on a reef traceable along a ridge, and it was stated that two samples assayed
respectively 20zs. 11dwts. 16grs, and 5ozs, per ton of ore. A syndicate secured a
mining right over four sections. A later newspaper report (Register, 1/2/97) stated
that a tunnel had been driven 21 1ſt., and a lode 2ft. wide, and numerous leaders had
been prospected. Open cuts had been excavated and a shaft sunk 40ft. It was
alleged that the outlook was very promising, assays having yielded at the rate of
20zs, or 3ozs. per ton. Work has been discontinued.
Oodla Wirra.-The Government Geologist examined Heithersay's claims in
this locality, and expressed the opinion that the ironstone outcrops were portions of
a lode formation, and had resulted from the decomposition of iron pyrites at a lower
depth. He also thought that the lode formation was likely to contain other metallic
minerals. On lease 17874 a small gully had been worked for alluvial gold, some of
which he saw. - - -
Outalpa Mine (Carson’s).--Situated a mile and a quarter north by west
from Outalpa railway siding. In 1897 it was reported that excellent results were
obtained from stone treated at Petersburg. Samples assayed by Mr. E. W. Hawker
were stated (April, 1897) to have returned respectively per ton 5ozs. 11 dwts. 15grs.
of gold, 20gs. 15dwts. 7grs., and 50Zs. 9dwts, 18grs. - -
Recompense Claim. — Situated between Blumberg and Mount Torrens.
In putting down an underlie shaft it was reported that an auriferous reef was cut,
about a foot wide, the vein carrying quartz and ironstone. A vertical shaft was also
commencing. (1894.) • - -
Try Again Mine.—In November, 1897, it was stated that there was at 50ft.
a lode 2ft. wide, consisting of quartz, ironstone, and pyrites. The gold could be seen
in the stone, and £3 19s. 6d. per ounce was obtained for the smelted gold resulting
from the last parcel treated. In March, 1898, the shaft was down to 78ft., close
timbered, and a crushing in July returned 10dwts. 193rs, per ton. -
Triumph Syndicate.—Locality, Taltabooka, a mile south from the Esmonde.
The Inspector of Mines reported in 1895 that several shallow underlie shafts had
been sunk on a well-defined lode, which strikes E. 30° S. Samples from the deepest
shaft (18tt.) assayed 17dwts, of gold and loz. 9dwts, of silver per ton. The lode
averaged 2ft. wide, and was composed of ferruginous quartz with small quantities of
carbonate and sulphide of lead, . .
GOLD. 143
OULNINA REEFS. -
These lie 18 miles S.S.E. from Mannahill, the field being proclaimed under the
name of the Wadnaminga Goldfield. Rich specimens of gold in quartz were obtained
in 1888, and a number of claims were taken up and amalgamated under the names of
Eiffel Tower, Golden Tower, Junction, Oulnina Tower, Victoria Tower, &c. There
were 214 claims applied for, and it was stated that more than 100 diggers were at
work upon these reefs. (See WADNAMINGA GoLDFIELD.) - -
PARA wiBRA GOLD REEFs.
ALADDIN.—A shaft was sunk 50ft, or 60ft. in slate, with a drive on a reef at the
bottom, from which good prospects are said to have been obtained, but for some
reason the stone was never tried. (1887.)
BLACKLER's REWARD.—Locality, adjoining the Excelsior, Blumberg. In August,
1896, it was reported that a lode of ferruginous quartz, 5ft. wide, with good walls,
had been struck, proved to be auriferous. A shallow shaft, a drive east, and costean
constituted the bulk of the work done. It was stated that geod gold was obtained.
EASTER GoI.D. MINE SYNDICATE.—Locality of workings, Watts' Gully.; area,
20 acres. The Inspector of Mines (September, 1894) reported an examination of
this property, which comprises 20 acres. In a costean the reef showed 2ft. 6in.
wide, with walls of micaceous schist. An underlie shaft was down 37ft., apparently
under the footwall of the lode. A vertical shaft, 65ft, deep, has a small leader and
had cut a little water. A 60ft. vertical shaft had been sunk on the eastern lode,
which it reached at 45ft., and a drive was put in at the 60ft. level, when the lode was
again opened upon. The lode is auriferous, but has not been properly tested.
ExcELSIOR.—The stone from a hole on the cap of the reef here is said to have
yielded 8dwts. to the ton. There are two shafts, each 70ft. to 80ft. deep, connected
by a level at the bottom. They are sunk in a soft, decomposed slate, which near the
bottom becomes blue and very hard. Some small ironstone leaders were cut in the
south shaft. The quartz is very barren-looking and frequently contains a good deal
of mica. (1887.)
GoDDARD's, on the same line, has a shaft 160ft. deep. A drive was put through
slaty granite and gneissic rock to the reef, but no gold was found. (1887.)
HAMLIN MINE is on the same line as the Lady Alice and the Try Again Mines,
but is on private property, sections 3271 and 3272. A network of leaders was met
with, too poor to work. Two or three shafts were sunk to the north, but no payable
quartz found. (1887.) The Inspector of Mines reported an examination on
February 28th, 1894. He stated that in 1876 a shaft was put down 100ft, with a
view of working the Lady Alice lode; another was put down 70ft. to cut the Queen
lode, and a little work was done on the New Year's Eve lode. Another shaft north
of the old workings has a well-defined lode 5ft. wide in the bottom, which gave an
assay return of 1 dwt. of gold per ton. In the opinion of the Inspector that shaft
should be sunk a further depth of 100ft. and drives put in north and south, and the
old Hamlin shaft should be utilised for further exploration.
LADY ALICE GoLD MIN E is situated in Hamlin's Gully. The main reef strikes
about 10° east of north, and underlies to the east; but it is either split by a “horse”
or crossed by a smaller reef, which underlies to the north-east. This smaller reef
carried the rich stone, both in gold and copper, the latter in the form of sulphides,
oxides, and native copper. The only place where the spur reef came to the surface
is on the north side of the gully, and it was at this spot where the gold was first
discovered. When the deep vertical shaft was sunk, this reef was passed through
at 30ft., but the sinking was continued to 160ft., and the main reef was struck at
100ft. Three levels were put in from the shaft to the junction of the reefs, at 50ft,
144 - MINING RECORDS.
and 100ft., and again at 160ft. A rise was carried up 400ft. on the spur reef to a
point on the hill a little to the S.E. of the main shaft. From this the mine was sub-
sequently worked. The upper part of the reef has all been stoped, The captains
who at different times had charge of this mine devoted most of their time to working
the main reef. This, except at the junction, was very poor in gold; and the spur
reef, consisting of payable stone, was worked by tributers. The mine in 1886 had
water in it to within 14ft. of the surface; but it is said that the 6in. pumps now in
the mine are capable of keeping it under. The mine was discovered in 1881, but a
company subsequently formed failed to make the mine pay. During six months of
1874 the mine was worked on tribute, and yielded 1,1490Zs. 19dwts. 21grs. of gold.
The value of the copper produced at the same time was £208 2s. 8d. From the
floating of the company in 1873 to its winding up in 1879 the value of the gold
obtained was £22,000, and of copper £4,000. The bedrock in the neighborhood
has a general strike of north and south. It consists of gneissic granite, feldspathic
schist, quartzose, and micaceous and hornblendic schist, yellow feldspathic rock, with
quartz in rounded pieces. Gneissic granite is the prevailing rock. About £7,000
was spent on this mine, and the Government subsidised the work done. It was
stated by the manager (1888) that a new discovery of gold had been made in a drive
going towards the junction of the main with the spur reef, and that the copper
bagged showed at least 20zs. of gold to the ton. The Inspector of Mines states that
there are two reefs, the main one going north and south; that the ground is totally
untried in depth, and that the upper levels yielded ore of value. Mr. Scarfe, the
secretary, reported (1890) the then owners were sinking vertical shaft 250ft ; driving
crosscut west to reef 90ft., and driving along its course with the idea of picking up
the junction of the spur with the main reef at 250ft. from the surface in new
ground. The Inspector of Mines reported in November, 1890, that the vertical
shaft had been sunk to a depth of 250ft., and at 240ft. a level was driven which
holed into the old workings. A drive 400ft, north on the course of the lode proved
that up to that date it had not been payable. He recommended sinking the shaft to
350ft., and a drive along the course of the lode to prove its character; and that the
application for a subsidy of £800 should be granted, which was accordingly given
on the usual terms. In March, 1893, Mr. D. M. Sayers reported that a new shaft
12ft. deep had disclosed a lode 9ft, wide, which gave promise of being auriferous;
and in the following June exhibited a button of gold 4ozs. 14dwts. 22grs, resulting
from a crushing of 4 tons 14c.wts. 1gr. and 24lbs. of stone = 1 oz. 3dwts. 5grs per
ton. It was stated that hundreds of tons of a similar nature could be got out.
LADY EDITH MINE is to the south of the Lady Alice, on the main line of reef.
The shaft was sunk 260ft., through very hard granitoid and gneissic rock, but the
reef did not carry a payable amount of gold. (1887.) - -
NEw REPUBLIC MINE,-Adjoins the Golden Slope West claim. A lode was cut
at 23ft., and sinking was continued. The width of the lode was 3ft., and widening
in depth, and reported to give prospects of fine gold. :
NEw YEAR's Eve REEF.—Adjoining the Young Australian. A shaft was put
down 20ft. in yellow slate. The reef is small, but has veins containing much fine
gold. Very good prospects and specimens were obtained, and a trial crushing at
Woodside is said to have given 12dwts. to 16dwts. per ton. (1887.)
MoUNT PLEASANT GoI.D. MINING CoMPANY.—Locality, Toy's Reefs; area 18
acres, one mile south-east from the township. In 1894 a report was obtained by
the holders from Captain Craze, who gave a history of former workings, and stated
that a regular well-defined reef 18in. wide, dipping west, had been met with, and by
driving it had been exposed 34ft. Samples gave varying prospects of rough and
fine gold; and gave promise of the reef being permanent, with improving quality.
Mount PLEASANT Reering Syndicate.—The property held includes the Golden
Slope and the Golden Slope West Mines. The Government Geologist examined the
- property in 1895, and reported that the gold-bearing veins consisted of oxide of iron,
GOLD. : 145
quartz, and claystone, with decomposed granite traversing micaceous schist and
kaolinised micaceous rock, the whole forming a combination of dyke and vein forma-
tion. A shaft had been put down on the underlie (60° to 70° E.) to water level at
75ft., and 150 tons of vein-stuff yielded 300Zs, of gold. In another shaft there is
at a depth of 20ft. a quartz reef 5ft. or 6ft. wide. Alluvial gold had been worked
on the surface of this property, and in auriferous gullies; the locality was known as
the Mount Pleasant diggings, which yielded over a thousand ounces of gold between
1870 and 1883. In the Golden Slope West there are auriferous veins in an outcrop
consisting of quartz, gossan, and ironstone in micaceous and kaolinised strata.
Some rich patches of gold-bearing ore have been met with in the reef at a depth of
from 60ft. to 80ft. In all the reefs gold has been found in patches, generally rough
and flaky, and fine gold has been obtained by washing. The amount of prospecting
done is limited, and if systematic exploratory work were pursued it is probable that
other rich deposits would be found. A main shaft should be sunk, from which the
several reefs could be tested at depth, and fossicking for rich specimens should cease.
PARA WIRRA PROSPECTING SYNDICATE.--The area held comprises sections
3274-77-78, and 80, adjoining the South Para River. The Government Geologist
reported in March, 1896, that he had inspected some shallow shafts and excavations
here. A 15ft. shaft exposed a small vein of quartz and ironstone, striking north-
east; no gold visible, but the reef widens at the bottom, where water-level is
reached. A baryta vein 2in. to 6in, thick contains iron ore and gossan stained with
carbonate of copper. There are dykes of granite and quartz which have not been
opened up, and other veins and outcrops were noted. There is a well-defined reef
near the top of the spur, consisting of quartz, ironstone, and sandstone, striking
N.N.E., and dipping 70° S.S.W. The property lies between the Lady Alice and
adjoining auriferous reefs and the Barossa diggings, and consequently is in a good
position for prospecting for reef and alluvial gold.
PARA WIRRA FREEHoLD PROPRIETARY-The reports respecting the property of
the company were good, but capital was inadequate, and for financial reasons the
lease reverted to the former owner.
QUEEN or SHEBA–Leases 261 and 262, each 20 acres, N.E. from Benowrie,
QUEEN VICTORIA ExTENDED.—Situated near the Young Australian. It was
reported in June, 1896, that prospecting operations were being carried on, and that
in one excavation there was a lode fully 4ft. wide, carrying fine gold. An underlie
shaft had also been put down 35ft, and showed a 2ft. 6in. lode that was widening
as it went down. -
Scott's DIGGINGs.--It was reported in June, 1895, that very rich stone had been
struck 5ft. from the surface, in a north and south reef, 5ft, wide, in a paddock that
had been tried by Sir John Downer's prospecting party.
ST. PATRICK's GoI.D. MINING SYNDICATE.—Workings west of the Black Snake
Mine. An underlie shaft 150ft., with a wide formation, carrying gold. The lode,
it is said, dips suddenly at 130ft. Rich gold specimens were occasionally found, but
the mine has been abandoned. The lode is wide and continuous, consisting of iron-
stone, gossan, pyrites, and quartz, bearing north and south. There is also a large “
outcrop of baryta or heavy spar, apparently a lode. (Government Geologist, 1895.)
SHETrchE’s CLAIM—In Zadow's paddock. A well-defined lode running north
and south, consisting of honeycombed quartz and iron, with pyrites, was being worked
in August, 1894. - -
SMITHFIELD.—Another mine on the Lady Alice line of country, worked without
success. (1887.) '', '•
TIECA MINE is at the head of the Lady Alice claim in the northern branch of the
gully. No reef visible, but a drive was put into the hill for 200ft. or 300ft., and a
shaft was sunk in the gully to a depth of 70ft, in the slate rock. No reef cut.
(1887.) -
K
146 MINING RECORDS.
TRY AGAIN MINE is on the north side of the creek, and is on a continuation of
the Lady Alice reef. At this point it splits into a network of leaders, three of which
are the pringipal ones. In 1871 G. Davy and others found a rich patch of surfacing,
beneath which were gold-bearing leaders. These were followed down to a depth of
40ft., when copper ore was met with, associated with gold. A company was formed,
winding and crushing machinery was erected, and a shaft was sunk 250ft. Several
small leaders were struck by cross-cuts from the shaft, one of which, a foot in thick-
ness, contained copper ore and gold. The mine was abandoned, (1887.) -
You Ng AUSTRALIAN.—This is an amalgamation of four claims, on private pro-
property, just below the Lady Alice Mine, and has three principal parallel reefs.
The one nearest the Lady Alice is named the Young Queen, and was opened up
about 17 years ago. Two shafts 20ft. deep were sunk, and a cutting in very hard
slaty rock was made; but though good prospects were obtained the work was dis-
continued. The reef strikes first 10° east of north, then north-west. (1887.)
You Ng AUSTRALIAN No. 1 has been worked from a cutting and a shallow shaft.
The reef is from 4ft. to 5ft. in width, and well defined, containing manganese, native
copper, copper pyrites, galena, baryta, calcite, carbonate of iron, and iron pyrites.
It was rich on the hanging wall, and contained coarse, almost nuggety, gold. There
are several other shafts, the deepest being 26ft. Forty tons of stone was crushed
at the Lady Alice battery, but the results were not made public. The rock is an
altered sandy clayslate, dipping 45° E. (1887.) g-
YouNg AUSTRALIAN No. 2 adjoins the New Year's Eve claim on the north. It
includes a flat in Wild Dog Gully, from which a good deal of alluvial gold was got.
A hole was sunk on a network of ferruginous quartz leaders, which proved to be
very rich in gold. One piece, nearly all gold, weighed 16dwts. and as much as 10Z.
3dwt.s. was got from a prospect crushed in a mortar. A shaft was sunk 44ft. in
settled ground to cut the reef, which is large, glassy, and crystalline, often much
iron-stained, but carrying no gold. (1887.) - - .
You Ng AUSTRALIAN No. 3 is situated to the north of No. 1. The reef is 16ft.
wide, and has been worked by a large excavation to a depth of 20tt. A crushing of
5 tons went 12dwts, to the ton. Mr. F. C. Singleton stated that £1,400 worth of
alluvial gold was got from the sections comprising the Young Australian property.
(1887.) -
You Ng QUEEN REEF.—A report was made in January, 1897, that the prospectors
had struck auriferous stone 9in. thick at a depth of 8 ft., and that at 14ft. the stone
was 2.ft. thick and still carried gold. In Mitchell's underlie shaft at 25ft. the stone
was showing gold freely.
Peake Goldfield.—The Government Geologist examined and prospected a
lace on the Neales river, where some years before gold was found—a waterhole
called Algebuckina, about 16 miles north from the Peake Telegraph Station, where
the track crosses the Neales. Only a few colors of gold were obtained at the time,
but the discoverer, Biddle, continued the search, and succeeded in striking payable
gold. As far as can be ascertained, about 600Zs. of gold were got up to March,
1887. During eleven weeks' work a party of three men got 13ozs, of gold; this
appears to be the richest result obtained. Colors of gold have been found over an
area of country extending from Mount Dutton to Coppertop Hill, a distance of 35
miles. The extent of country available for prospecting is comprised within the
Dennison, Peaké, and other ranges to the northward, which outcrop in isolated areas
from beneath mesozoic plains, and along the courses of the Neales and other rivers
where they have cut into the bedrock. The auriferous area is therefore compara-
tively limited. The Government Geologist visited and reported in July 1889, and
expressed a very favorable opinion of the Neales district as a place where auriferous
GOLD. . . 147
. f
deposits might be found. Later a Government party was sent by the Government
Geologist to bottom certain shafts in the River Neales, Algebuckina. It was
reported that shafts Nos. 1 to 4 were bottomed without meeting any gold except a
few fine colors in the course of sinking, and that the water in every case rose to within
4ft. of the surface, making about 3,000galls, per hour after a depth of about 10ft.
was reached. They proved the valley for about one-third of its width, and the
Government decided to discontinue the workings, which were abandoned. The
principal place where the alluvial gold was worked is along the conglomerate
escarpment bordering the Neales river. Small quantities of this metal were also
found up the valley of the Neales and in gullies at Mount Dutton.
At the end of 1898 a syndicate was formed, and a small battery was erected near
the Algebuckina Bridge in order to test the large cement deposits on the banks of
the Peake Creek. The returns were unsatisfactory and work was discontinued. . .
During 1897 the Government assisted in prospecting for alluvial gold near Mount
Kingston, but without payable results. (See also ALGEBUCKINA.)
Pearson’s Claim.—This is in the Carrieton district, where the prospectors
had, in July, 1894, sunk down to a depth of 25ft. on a lode. Mr. Pearson reported
that at 5ft. from the surface a portion of the lode crushed for 13 ozs., that at 25ft.
the lode was 3ft. wide, and that it was improving as depth was made.
Pimponda.- Situated about one mile west of Old Boolcoomata Station. The
Inspector of Mines stated that the proprietors held six mineral claims and 15 gold
leases. The country is made rugged by intrusive granite, and there are large dioritic
dykes traversing it and the clay slate. A reef in No. 1 shaft is composed of quartz
and copper, and specks of gold can be discerned ; and in No. 2 shaft good prospects
of gold are obtainable from an iron and copper branch varying from 8in. to 18in. in
thickness. Gold was not found until sinking reached a depth of 25ft. The outcrop
of reef is well defined, and continues for two miles. After a much more recent visit
the Inspector reported that, in the hill shaft, at a depth of 61 ft. a strong body of
quartz had been exposed, and that a parcel of the stone tried gave the return of
#ozs. to the ton. (1889.)
Prince Albert Gold, Silver, and Bismuth Mine.—This property is
situated about five miles N.E. from Yudnamutana Trig. Hill. A shaft has been sunk
30ſt. and the lode driven upon east and west. The lode has also (July 22/95) been
tested to a depth of 6ft. to 8ft. for a distance of 50ft., and from the uncovered lode
(a length of 20ft.) the prospectors obtained as high as 51 per cent. of bismuth, from
a trace to 3ozs. 5dwts. of gold, and from a trace to 50zs, of silver per ton, with 31
per cent. of copper. This property was known formerly as the Mount Macdonald
Mine. (See Bismuth.) - . . .
Queen Bee Gold Mine.—Situate at New Luxemburg, adjoining the Lux
(Mingary) Gold Mine. The reefs run parallel and north-easterly about 800ft., and
them attain a width of 7ft. or 8ft. in places. The Inspector of Mines reported that
the rocks of the locality are metamorphic and intrusive, and it is probable that
besides the eruptive granite, dioritic dykes will be found in sinking. The geological
structure of the country is very similar to that of the Barrier, and shows a continua-
tion of the same formation. The reefs are situated near the boundary of the granite
and metamorphic rocks and slate, and the formation is similar to that in the Yudna-
mutana and Neales River districts, where gold has been found. The quartz lodes in
this locality are largely developed and permanent in appearance, and a low average
yield of gold will pay better than a high average where the reefs are small. He also
reported, as a result of a later visit to this mine, that on a strong outcrop of quartz
three shafts had been sunk, and samples panned off showed excellent prospects.
The reef carried bunches of carbonate of copper, and free gold could be seen in the
stone. The average width of the reef was 3ft. 6in., with a dip of 1ſt. in 22ft.
Samples selected by the Inspector gave an average of 13ozs, of gold per ton. -
Samples taken on a second visit, and assayed by the Government Assayer, gave
148 . MINING RECORDS.
(1) copper 354 per cent., gold 16grs.; (2) copper 274 per cent., gold 2dwts. 6grs.;
(3) copper-18 per cent., gold 10dwts. 10grs.; and (4) copper 33 per cent., gold 4dwts.
2grs. During 1890 another visit of inspection was paid. Ore was being raised and
bagged, the last parcel sent assaying in bulk loz. 10dwts. gold and 9ozs. silver per
ton, with 32% per cent. of copper. Mr. T. A. Masey stated that returns from ore
sold were highly satisfactory, and that a specimen of quartz showing gold obtained
at the depth of 105ft. assayed 160Zs. 3dwts. to the ton, and that all the reefs on the
property had proved to be auriferous. In 1897 the Government Geologist examined
the mine and reported that there was a well-defined lode, about 3ft. wide, at a depth of
270ft., which carried gold and copper. The property was being worked by an English
capitalist. The Government Geologist's report was to the effect that at the 200ft.
level there is a quartz lode, varying in thickness from 3ft. to 4ft., containing in places
rich shoots of copper ore, and it was besides very promising for gold. There was a
first-class prospect of making it a payable copper mine if developed properly.
REEFS NEAR PUTT'S WELL,
The Government Geologist reported on the auriferous reefs near Putt's Well in
1888 —These reefs are situated about one mile and a half north of Putt's Well,
near Oonatra Creek, on the Boolcoomata run. Claims were taken up for about
1,000 yards along the line of reef in an east and west direction. At the western
end Messrs. Crozier & Sheppard held six claims. There are small veins of quartz
and gossan, with calcareous and argillaceous material stained green with carbonate
of copper, varying in width from an inch or two to a foot. The bedrock consists of
feldsite, containing both mica and hornblende, evidently a metamorphic rock which
has been altered by the intrusion of eruptive granite dykes. From another shaft
about 30ft. deep, where there are two small perpendicular veins in similar rock, a
crushing of 4 tons is said to have been raised and sent to Woodside. These veins are
small, and composed of quartz, iron oxide, and gossan. The bedrocks are schistose,
gneissic, feldspathic, and micaceous rocks, with eruptive dykes of granite. Sullivan,
Mathews, and Legge's claims come next. Sufficient work has not been done to prove
anything here, the shallow holes which have been sunk having exposed only thin
copper-stained veins of quartz and gossan of an irregular and uncertain nature. For
the next 1,400ft. there is no reef showing, the ground being chiefly occupied by coarse
eruptive granite, which appears to have cut out the reefs. At that distance there is
a siliceous reef in micaceous sandstone and slate with granite veins; also 700ft. fur-
ther on there is a still larger outcrop of similar rock close to the granite boundary.
Both appear likely to contain gold. Walsh and Legge's claims are the last on the
line where any appreciable work had been done. Two shafts were sunk about 14ft.
each. There is a large vein formation here, and besides the gossan and other iron
oxide, some rich copper ore was obtained. Eastward of these claims the eruptive
granite takes the place of the metamorphic rocks. I found it difficult to discover
any gold in the veinstone from these claims except by crushing and washing, although
I have been shown moderately rich specimens of auriferous quartz by reliable persons
which had been obtained there. So far as the veins had been followed they are
are small and irregular, but more prospecting is required before it would be safe to
say that larger and richer veins do not exist in the locality. The general rock for-
mation of the country is gneissic granite, mica schist, micaceous slate, and sandstone,
with eruptive dykes, and bosses of granite. The latter rock is, in the neighborhood
of the reefs, much mixed up and intruded into the metamorphic rocks in which the
auriferous veins occur, so that the latter may be expected to be irregular and uncer-
tain. It is advisable, however, that the veins should be sunk on to greater depths
and more fully prospected, and that the silicious reef outcrops in the neighborhood
should be tested. The following assays of rough averages from the veinstone raised
and lying near the shafts were made by the Government Assayer:—
CRoziER & SHEPPARD's CLAIMs.—No. 1, quartz and gossan, gold, 2dwts. 16grs.
per ton, No. 2, quartz and gossan, gold, 6dwts, 13grs. per ton, No. 3, quartz, gold,
2dwts, 16grs. . . . . . - - - -
GOLD. - 149:
LEGGE & WALSH's CLAIMs.—No. 1, quartz and gossan, gold, 1 dwt. 2grs. per ton.
No. 2, quartz and gossan, gold, 2dwts. 14grs. to the ton. - .
At the time of the visit only three men were at work at the reefs. There is a great
supply of drinking water at Putt's Well. The ranges here are steep and high, and
the gullies consequently narrow and well defined, and easily tested for alluvial gold;
its presence is probable. - .
Reedy Creek Gold Mining Syndicate. — Area and locality, about
538 acres, at Palmer, held on lease for twenty-one years on a royalty of 5 per cent.
Captain Angel supplied the following particulars:—There are several lodes on the
property, one of which (Masterman's) is 30ft. wide; and there are three shafts
respectively, 420ft., 90ft., and 40ft. The ore is pyrites, the bulk assays averaging
1 oz. 4dwts per ton. The mine was opened many years ago as a copper venture,
but there was a stoppage of working until comparatively recently, when it was dis-
covered that the pyrites were rich in gold. It is now being worked by an English
company. The manager states that there are nine lodes on the property, five striking
east and west, and the others north and south. One lode is 18ft. wide, one 10ft.,
one 8ft., and six average 5ft. There are six shafts, one being 420ft. deep, following
the dip of the lode ; two are vertical, 240ft. and 180ft. respectively. The total length
of drives is 3,068ft. The matrix of the ore is quartz; country, granite, and schists,
the lode carrying iron pyrites, yielding 17dwts, gold per ton. Adjoining mines are
named Palmer, Golden Gate, and South Reedy Creek. (1890.)
Rischbeith’s Well.—During 1888 gold was reported to have been discovered
at Rischbeith’s Well, about 40 miles south-west of Hergott Springs. The rocks
consist of inclined and twisted limestones, sandstone, and slate beds, intersected with
quartz and iron oxide veins. Alluvial gold and specimens of gold in oxide of iron
were found, and several claims were taken up in the locality, but what work was done
in the way of mining on them is not known, nor have any payable results been
reported. - .
Roper Gold Mining Syndicate.-- Prospecting operations were, in 1895,
carried on by this syndicate, on a 20-acre lease, in the hundred of Booyoolie. The
lode is 18in, wide, enclosed in decomposed gneissic rock. Samples from the bottom
of the shaft gave an assay return of 4dwt.s. per ton.
Rocky River.—Locality, eight miles west from Gladstone. It was alleged
that gold and silver were found in a lode formation, but the Government Geologist
reported that there was no lode, but simply small irregular outcrops of ferruginous
claystone and iron ore in a bedding of clay slate, limestone, quartz, sandstone, &c.,
which strike north and south and dip slightly to the east. The country rocks are
not favorable to the occurrence of gold, but any defined lode or reef found may
reasonably be prospected. The surface and gullies in the vicinity of the find should
be tested with a dish. -
Royal Charlie Gold Mine.—Situated about seven miles from Teetukpa.
The workings consist of an underlie shaft sunk to a depth of 180ft. and a vertical
shaft 62ft. deep connected with the underlie shaft. At 180ft. a drive was put in
for 25ft, or 30ft. along the reef 5ft. wide; strike north and south. The veinstone
consists of quartz and other silicious material, brown iron ore, gossan, and pyrites.
The country rocks are clay and calcareous slates and sandstone. Besides the main
reef there are two cross veins striking east and west and S.S.E. respectively. Though
the main reef is short, yet, owing to its great thickness, it has yielded a large quantity
of crushing stuff. Assays of stone have given—(1) quartz, ironstone, and pyrites,
gold 4dwts. 1gr per ton; (2) ditto, rough average from a heap, gold 8dwts. 2grs. .
per ton; (3) ditto, ditto, gold 10Z. per ton; (4) ironstone, gold 202s., silver 13dwts.
150. MINING RECORDS.
per ton; (5) ditto, gold 33ozs. 12dwts., and silver 10ozs. 2dwts. per ton; (6) iron-
stone and quartz, gold 15ozs. 13dwts. per ton. As the gold is not visible in the
stone before washing it is impossible to judge what proportion of lode stuff is of the
richness indicated by the assays. The Inspector of Mines reported later assays
of samples of blanketings and tailings yielding respectively 1oz. and 3dwts. per
ton; and subsequently that he had got as high as 4ozs. per ton, and also that he
had obtained an assay of 10Z. 5dwt.s. from the tailings pit. (1889.) It is stated that
10 tons of auriferous stone were sent to England with a view of showing the character
of the reefs. A 50-ton parcel yielded 3dwts, to the ton only, but it was stated that
three or four times that quantity of gold was left in the tailings, it being what was
called “float” gold. A sample treated by Mr. Cosmo Newbery gave a return of
6dwts. per ton. - -
Royston Roberts’ Leases.—These are situated adjoining Lambert's Mine
at Paratoo, about eight miles from Nackara Railway Station. The Inspector of Mines
examined this property, and reported that there was a main shaft 84ft. deep on the
underlie, and at the 35ft. level a drive east 51ft. 9in. was put in to cut the lode,
which dips at an angle of 1 in 3. Another shaft had been sunk 56ft. near the
southern boundary of the claim. There are several other lodes on the leases, and all
of them are irregular in width, in places pinching down to a few inches, but in other
parts expanding to a width of 4ft. or 5ft. Mr. Roberts reports that three or four
assays of samples had given over 13ozs. to the ton, and one sent to the School of
Mines assayed 34ozs. per ton. Official returns received by the Mines Department
state that on lease 161, at the end of 1898, the deepest shaft was 98ft., and a new
shaft had been sunk on the boundary 82ft., and there was another 66ft. deep, besides
several small shafts. The country was unsettled, but a rich leader existed on the foot-
wall of the lode. On lease b69 the deepest shaft was 120ft. Efforts were being
made to raise more capital. -
Sebastopol Mine, section 436, in the Waukaringa district, containing 30
acres. It has one shaft 100ft. deep, but there are no results to record.
Sellick’s Hill, hundred of Willunga, five miles south of the township of
Aldinga. A reef on the surface was reported to contain gold. An adit about 30
yards in length was driven from a gully about 200ft. below, but as the reef was not
met with the work was abandoned. (1887.)
South Australian Pyrites and Gold Mining Company.—Its
properties, situated on the German reef, near Blumberg and Mount Pleasant, are
held on lease for specific periods, varying in length. . .
South-East Discovery.—An alleged discovery of gold was announced in
September, 1896, the locality being near Marcollat, in the Great Desert, about 40
miles from Kingston. The Government Geologist reported at the end of 1896 that
he had examined several localities in the district, which was being prospected for
gold, as follows:--(1) Papineau Rocks, five miles S.S.E. from Avenue Range North
Head Station, where there is an outcrop of felspar porphyry, surrounded by tertiary
deposits, the rock unusually dense and solid, without any trace of lode. (2) Bin
Bin Islands, four miles N.E. from a deserted station, where an outcrop of felsite and
felspar porphyry is backed on the west side by blue metamorphic quartzite; no lode
visible, though the junction of the rocks is favorable to its existence. (3) Gip Gip,
four miles north from Marcollat, an outcrop of bluish metamorphic quartzite, with
disseminated iron pyrites; no appearance of lode. (4) Didicoolum, where there is an
outcrop of rocks containing quartz veins and pyrites; strike north and south, dip
vertical; the country rocks favorable to the occurrence of gold and other metallic
minerals. It was stated that native copper and tin had been found, but nothing to
indicate the latter was observed. These outcrops are at long distances apart, and are
surrounded by a thick deposit of tertiary limestone, sand, clay, &c. The assays made
from samples taken from these several places gave no trace of gold, silver, copper, or
GOLD. . 151.
Section 41, Hundred of Clare.—The Government Geologist, reported
upon this property in May, 1893. He found that there was a quarry in flaggy
argillaceous slate and sandstone, the rocks dipping vertically, and striking north 10°
to 15° W. Gold was obtained by washing the soil, decomposed rock, and other
debris covering the rock on the eastern side of the quarry, where there are several
small veins, from lin. to 3in, thick, which cut through the vertical strata at an angle
of about 45° E., with a strike of N. 10° W. These veins are composed of siliceous
brown iron ore and brown iron ore and gossan. The gold is not water-worn, but is
crystalised in flat plates and octahedral and dendritic forms, showing that it has been
derived directly from the veinstone, through the decomposition of the latter; hence
the gold found upon washing the debris. It is not probable that this is the only
auriferous locality in the district, as the bedrocks are similar to those in which gold
is found elsewhere in this province. In many places they are traversed by quartz
reefs trending northerly and southerly, some of which may prove to be auriferous.
On sections 138, 219, 214, 217, 523, 233, &c., there are quartz and ironstone reefs,
which are worth prospecting. Alluvial gold may exist in payable deposits in the
alluvium of the numerous creeks and gullies of the district. For the purpose of
testing the value of the discovery it was recommended that the veins should be
followed down the underlie, to determine whether a larger vein or reef could be
discovered, and that the surface soil and debris should be prospected to the north
and south of the actual discovery. .
Section 5539, Onkaparinga.-Prospecting operations were in 1897 carried
on here at a bend of the River Torrens. The Government Geologist reported
unfavorably as to the probability of finding auriferous deposits of value. Stone
treated at Mount Torrens Cyanide Works gave an average of about 11 grs. of gold
per ton.
Shepherd’s Gold Claim.—Locality, section 98, Eurelia. There are here
short quartz lodes, 2ft. to 3ft. wide in places, carrying iron ore and clay veins,
traversing slate conglomerate rocks, which extensively outcrop. Gold is obtained in
the clay seams, and is said to have been found in coarse specks in the quartz.
Assays of four samples made—one gave 1 dwt. per ton and two others traces only.
Sections 89 and 90.—Locality, hundred of Kuitpo. Held by W. Dixon
jun. ; assays showed from 14 dwts. to 8ozs. per ton, according to his return to Mines
Department.
Section 289.--Locality, hundred of Kuitpo. Held with the two above referred
to by Dixon & Fisher. Shaft down 86ft. ; lode cut.
South Kanappa Gold Mine.—The report of the Inspector of Mines, after
an examination in 1894, was to the effect that this property consisted of three gold
reef claims on section 1870, Angas, and that several shafts had been sunk on
irregular veins of ironstone and quartz, ill defined, running through a hard syenite.
He took samples from a heap of ironstone, the assay result of which was 11dwts. of
gold per toll. From the north end of the claims samples taken gave 5dwts. of gold
per ton. - -
Taltabooka Gold.—In 1896 the late Mr. J. B. Austin sent 5cwts, of stone
from each of three claims, from depths varying from 30ft. to 120ft., with no gold
visible in the samples. The average return from the whole was reported as 20zs.
2dwts, 15grs. of gold per ton, with 13ozs. 12dwts. of silver per ton. -
Taltabooka Gold Mine.—The Adelaide and Suburban Prospecting Syndi-
cate held a lease two miles east from the well, which the Mine Inspector reported
upon in June, 1892. He said there were numerous segregated veins on the
lease; general strike east, dip south. On one of these a shaft was down, 75ft., and
samples yielded 10Z. 1dwt. 5grs. of gold, per ton. The north ironstone vein-ore
assayed 20Zs. 14dwts. 12grs. of gold per ton. There was fair reason for carrying on
prospecting operations. - -
*

152 MINING RECORDS.
Toy's Reef-Situated at Mount Pleasant; it was being worked in 1894. The
lode was 2.ft. wide, the stone carrying gold, but hardly rich enough to cart to the
battery. The Golden Slope leader had been cut, and gave good prospects.
Toy’s Golden Slope North.--An underlie shaft was down 100ft. in
November, 1897. It was stated that as depth was made the richer became the ore
and the heavier the pyrites. Gold was not visible in the stone, which consists of
quartz, pyrites, and felspar, but it was said that capital prospects could be obtained
by crushing and washing. - -
Tippin’s Lease.—No. 472, Kangaroo Island. It was worked in 1890, when
the deepest shaft was 40ft., with a 22ft. crosscut, and a tunnel from the side of the
hill 34ft. It was stated that 50 tons of stone yielded an average of 12dwts. per ton.
HUNDRED OF TALUNGA.
Gold has been found here on private and Crown lands, but our information as to
results is not very recent.
BELCHER AND GRAY's Cr,AIM.–Locality, near Stony Creek. A lode 2ft. wide,
striking N.E. and S.W., and dipping west; shaft down 22ft., on ferruginous quartz
carrying fine gold. (1894.)
BLACK SNARE MINE,-Locality, section 127, hundred of Talunga. The ground
was taken up because some good specimens were found along the outcrop of the
reef. Some of the stone crushed was said to have yielded well. The reef runs
E. 30° N., dipping west. Two timbered shafts were put down, and cut the reef at
60ft. ; they were connected by a drive, and one shaft was, for some reason, sunk
30ft. deeper. An engine shaft was sunk 50ft. and timbered, and some shallower
shafts were put down. This mine was being worked in conjunction with the German
Reef in 1890. The Inspector of Mines reported upon it in 1894 and 1895. He
stated that a strong well-defined lode traverses the section E. 25° N., averaging 4ft.
in width from surface to the 100ft. level, and was enclosed in mica schist. The stone
under foot in the west level he estimated at 17dwts. of gold per ton of ore, and as
being richer than the ore got from the stopes. He thought that there should be a
good profit at 12dwts. to 16dwts. per ton. At a meeting of the shareholders in 1894
the chairman stated that the first lot of stone taken out averaged 13dwts. per ton for
400 tons. An English company, with an announced working capital of £25,000,
took this property in 1896, and it was reported in March that some prospecting
shafts had been sunk and good stone obtained. In the following August it was
stated that capital ore was being got from a lode 3ft. wide. In January, 1897, it
was alleged that 30 tons of ore per diem was being treated; main shaft down 210ft, ;
at that depth they were driving east and west on a lode between 5ft, and 6ft. wide,
and 40 men were working on the mine. On the 24th April it was reported in the
Advertiser that the mine was shut down for want of capital, after expending £5,000
BLUMBERG BLocks.—In this property a shaft was sunk in May, 1895, which
struck an auriferous reef 15in. wide. The prospectors purposed sinking and developing.
BLUMBERG BotſI.D.E.R.— Situated on two sections of Wagner's land, on one of
which is the Jessie Darling, where a reef was discovered, with gold showing very
freely. Good prospects were washed from the rubble. (Register, 29/9/96.)
BLUMBERG DEverlopMENT SYNDICATE.-A property formerly named the Penny-
Richardson, 125 acres, was in 1896 taken up by an Adelaide syndicate. It was
estimated that a return of 8dwts, to the ton would give a handsome profit. Arrange-
ments were then making to treat the stone on the ground. The process employed
was that known as Penny-Richardson's, and it was carried on for a short time only.
The ground has now been abandoned. - . . . . . .
GOLD. - 153
BLUMBERG GoLD MINEs.--It was reported in March, 1898, that from 64 tons of
ore crushed 134ozs. of gold was obtained, and that another parcel of 50 tons was
being treated. In May a shaft 120ft. was being sunk, and a large quantity of water
had to be dealt with. A small crushing had given satisfactory results. (Register,
24/5/98.) In consequence of a large influx of water the company stopped operations,
but workings are now being carried on by the owner of the property. -
BLUMBERG (HANNAFoRD's).-Section 132, Para Wirra. A well-timbered shaft
was (September, 1896) down 40ft., and a S.W. drive was being put in to cut the
reef, which has an easterly strike. Gold was obtained on the surface.
BLUMBERG Gor,D MINING SYNDICATE.-Shaft down 100ft. (August, 1896), and
sinking was continued; water troublesome. The prospectors hoped shortly to cut
the reef, which was said to be rich in the shallower levels.
BLUMBERG PROPRIETARY GoLD MINING AND PROSPECTING Associatios.-
Property held, 55 acres on Mr. Peake's land. At the 30ft. level a drive was (August,
1896) put in S.W. 15ft., cutting a strong lode of quartz and ironstone, 2ft. 6in. wide,
showing gold. Another shaft was commenced, designed also to cut the lode. In
May, 1897, it was announced that a small company had been formed to develop the
property.
BLUMBERG UNITED MINE, section 6572, was being worked in February, 1886,
Shafts were sunk on several veins and reefs and some surfacing done, yielding
excellent results. It was reported that 700Zs, were obtained in a five-acre patch of
alluvial. (1889.) -
BREAK of DAY-A claim in the Blumberg group that was understood to be
turning out payable ore in the early part of 1897. - -
f
CENTRAL BRow N SNAKE..—This mine is one of the Blumberg claims. A report
published May 25th, 1895, stated that a shaft was being sunk to get under the lode,
which was believed to be a continuation of the German Reef. In the drive the lode
was 4ft. wide, with smooth solid walls. Stone was said to be showing gold freely.
CoERA.—This property was retaken in July, 1895, to be worked by an Adelaide
syndicate. It was stated that formerly good returns of gold were obtained here,
CoNFIDENCE MINE (Conlon’s).-In November, 1894, after considerable expendi-
ture for labor and machinery, the auriferous ore, consisting of iron, quartz, and pyrites,
was found not payable, and work was suspended.
CRITERION REEF.—Situated near to Mount Torrens. On this property there
are two reefs, one striking east and west and the other north and south. The
latter underlies to the north at a rather flat angle. In width it varies from lift. to 3ft.,
and is bunchy in character. This reef was worked many years ago, but the results
were not payable, and the mine was unworked for some years. More recently work
was resumed. A shaft was sunk to a depth of 50ft. and a drive of 50ft. put in.
Twenty-five tons of stone raised and crushed at the New Era Battery, Woodside,
yielded about 12dwts. of gold to the ton. -- -
CRowN MINE (GARDEN GULLY).—Forfeited by the early prospectors after
taking out a small crushing. Working was resumed by the owner of the land in
1895. It was given out that “a splendid body of rich stone” was being worked and
that tests gave good returns in fine and coarse gold. :
DAN O’Conn ELL.-On the top of a rise an east and west reef outcrops 12ft.
wide. It was thought to be likely to prove payable. In September, 1896, a promis-
ing lode was reported as having been cut in a shaft 35ft. deep, besides some gold-
bearing leaders. A crushing three months later gave 18dwts, per ton; the reef.
pinched, and work was discontinued. - - .
154. - MINING RECORDS.
Dominigk MINE.-Near Daly's Bluff, and formerly worked for copper. As a test
of the kaolin, gossan, and siliceous veins in the tunnels the Government Geologist
took 12 rough average samples, which assayed from traces to 3dwts, 14grs. of gold
per ton. From the upper tunnel samples gave from a trace to 2dwts. per ton. More
prospecting should be done to find payable auriferous stone.
DURDAN MINE is on section No. 6343, a mile and a half east of Blumberg, hundred
of Talunga. It contains one lode, bearing north and south, dipping easterly, one foot
in five, and varying in width from 10ft. to 14ft. The ore is auriferous quartz, occurring
in patches, with fine gold distributed through the whole of the reef, and in some
places in the surrounding country. The average yield of gold to the ton was over
1oz., value £3 12s. 6d. per ounce. The auriferous veinstone consists of cellular and
solid quartz, penetrating a greenish serpentine granite, which has intruded into meta-
morphic sandstone and micaceous slates. One vertical shaft has been sunk to a depth
* of 100ft., and the water-level was reached at 90ft. The drives extend a distance of
90ft. What has been done upon this property is not sufficient to accurately test the
real value of the lode. The Inspector of Mines, in 1889, said the mine had been
worked in a primitive manner for many years, and capital was wanted for machinery.
Samples from reef in No. 1 shaft, vertical and 100ft. deep, gave under the analysis of
the Government Assayer 7ozs. 12dwts. per ton. The reef was proved at the 35ft.
and the 80ft. levels. The reefs are principally quartz and remarkably free from base
metal, but the gold, being very fine, requires careful treatment. A sample from the
35ft. level gave 4ozs. 7dwts. to the ton. There are 400 tons on the surface that
would pay for treatment. Ground easy to work, and with the natural facilities
available, an average return of 12dwts. (a low estimate) should pay.
DUscovitchE’s REEF is on section 6339. Some years ago rich specimens of gold
were found in a quartz reef about 3ft. wide.
EBENEZER CLAIM.–In 1894 this claim was worked, but operations were suspended
on account of a large inflow of water.
ENTERPRISE MINE.—In September, 1897, the new shaft on this property had
been put down to sufficient depth to allow of driving for the lode. : ,
ELDER's SECTION, No. 125.—Here a 40ft, shaft was put down at the junction of
two reefs. One of these is about 2ft. wide, well defined ; strike S.W. and N.E.,
dipping N.W. 45°; the other is a solid white quartz reef, striking S.F. and N.W.
ELSIE BRowN.—A newspaper report describes this as a 40-acre block, adjoining
the Garden Gully Mine. A reef was cut in the latter part of 1894, an underlie shaft
was sunk, and at 10ft. the reef was found to be 3ſt, wide, carrying gold.
ExcKLSIOR MINE,-Locality, Blumberg. In August, 1896, a report was published
that “splendid stone” had been struck at 75ft, showing gold freely. A second shaft,
44ft. deep, was also on good ore. -
FLAGSTAFF MINE.—Held by an Adelaide syndicate. A small vein was struck in
an old underlie shaft, and at 63ft. it was found to be 2ft. wide, and was still making.
It contained ironstone, quartz, and pyrites, and it was stated yielded fine gold when
crushed. (August, 1896.) The deepest shaft was reported in 1897 to be 90ft, on
the underlie, and it was stated that two others were being sunk. There was a drive
along the lode 12ft., and a crosscut 25ft. - -
GARDEN GULLY MINE. – Locality, section 6346, McLean's property. The
Inspector of Mines reported that in April, 1894, payable gold was found in a ferru-
ginous quartz vein, striking north 20° east; width 2ft. 6in., enclosed by micaceous
sandstone walls. The assay return for samples taken was 18dwts. per ton; and at
the Government Cyanide Works 25 tons treated returned 14dwts. 22grs. per ton. It
was said that at the bottom of a 30ft. shaft the vein was 4ft. wide. In another shaft
at a shallow depth it was 18in.
GOLD. 155
GERMAN REEF MINE.—Situated on section 7118, hundred of Talunga. The reef,
showing a well-defined outcrop for more than 20 chains in length, strikes N. 5° E.,
and dips W. 15° N. The rocks traversed by it strike N. 40° E., and dip
W. 20° N., and consist of highly micaceous metamorphic sandstone, alternating
with mica schist. Gold was found in the outcrop for a distance of at least 10
chains, and in two places was extremely rich. At one of these places, low down on
the slope of a long hill, the reef has been worked on the underlie to a depth of about
40ft., and for a distance of about 100ft. in length. Tolerably well-defined walls show
in the faces, and an alternately flat and steep dip. The thickness of the portion
removed varied from 2ft. to 6ft., but the quartz became poorer in depth, the last
raised averaging from 3dwts, to 5dwt.s. per ton. The second place where rich gold
was found is on the top of the hill, but here the outcrop has been partially worked.
A vertical shaft was put down at this spot, and the reef was struck at a depth of 90ft.
to 100ft. ; but it proved to be poor, and was only 6in. thick, while on top it ranged
in places from 2ft. to 5ft. All along the outcrop the quartz is rich in iron pyrites,
and some, by its cellular texture and very ferruginous character, shows that much of
this ore has been decomposed. The pyrites becomes still more abundant in depth,
and fine seamy quartz raised from the vertical shaft contains it at the rate of 25 per
cent. to 30 per cent. In similar cases in Victoria, namely the increase of pyrites and
the decrease of free gold in depth, it has been found that the pyrites is payable, and
sometimes richly auriferous. (Ulrich, 1872.) This mine had stopped working at the
time of Professor Ulrich's visit, but arrangements were subsequently negotiated to
work the ores under a system different to that hitherto pursued. A Frue ore-con-
centrator, for the purpose of concentrating the pyrites contained in the tailings after
the ore had been crushed, was proposed, the pyrites to be treated by roasting and
chlorination for the extraction of the gold. Mr. A. Caudan, the manager, reported
(March, 1887) that about 50 tons of highly ferruginous stone had been raised from a
depth of 30ft. It contained limonite, and sulphides of iron; gold often visible, but
very fine, and yielded on assay from 1 oz to 3ozs, or 4ozs. per ton. At the north end
of the section the stone carried fine-grained oxide of iron, with magnetic iron and
silver combined. In the oxide of iron the gold is of a coarse description. The dip
of the reef is westerly throughout, but the angle varies in every few feet in depth.
The rocks forming the country are metamorphic quartzite and sandstone, mica schist,
mica slate, and sandstone traversed by dykes of coarse granite. In 1870-1, the
English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank bought gold obtained from this
reef to the extent of 395ozs. 13dwts. 5grs., equal in value to £1,527 2s. 8d. The
Black Snake reef is being worked in conjunction with the German reef. A report in
the Advertiser of September 8th, 1896, stated that a well-defined reef, 2ft. wide had
been met with in a drive at the 50ft, level, the stone carrying coarse gold. In July,
1897, the Government Geologist reported in detail upon this property, which had
remained unworked many years. He gave a description of the old workings, and
summed up that the whole length of the reef outcrop was 730ft. In this two shoots
of auriferous quartz had been stoped out for a distance of 160ft. and 100ft. respec-
tively, to an uncertain depth. Extraordinarily rich gold was found on the surface and
obtained from the reef below; and evidences led to the conclusion that a vertical shaft
should be sunk on the western side of the outcrop to cut the reef at 150ft. or 200ft.,
and thence exploratory drives excavated. There are other reef outcrops worth pros-
pecting near the northern corner of the section ; and alluvial gold has been worked
at several places. - - - -
GoLDEN CRowN.—Situated a short distance north from the Lucky Hit. In May,
1896, it was reported that a shaft was down 65ft., where there was a lode 5ft. thick,
upon which a drive was being extended N.W., and that rough gold could be seen in
the stone. . . . . - -
GoLDEN CRow N No. 2.-In a vertical shaft at 20ſt, a reef was struck, width 1.ft.,
the quartz and ironstone heavily charged with mundic. It was stated that in much
of the stone gold was plainly visible. Sinking was continued on the course of the
lode, depth (August, 1896), 45ft. The lode was widening, the width being 2ft. 4in.
156 - MINING RECORDS.
GoLDEN CRow N No. 4.—Shaft down 20ft., drive, 10ft., opening on a ferruginous
quartz lode, which, it was alleged, was carrying good gold. Another shaft down 65ft.,
with 55ft. of drive at the 40ft. level on the course of the lode S.E. and N.W., which
it was stated (August, 1896) looked very promising.
GoLDEN SLoPE MINE,-From drives at the 25ft level good gold was (October,
1896) being won, with very fine specimens.—Register. - :
GoIDEN SLOPE WEST.-It was reported at the date above mentioned that a drive
had been put in on the course of the lode, which was 9tt. wide, irregular, and
disturbed, but more settled as depth was made. In June, 1897, it was stated that at
the 120ft. level the reef was opened upon in a crosscut, and found to be fully 6ft.
wide, and heavily charged with iron pyrites. Assays obtained respectively from
Mr. Hawker and Mr. Fraser yielded high returns of coarse free gold as well as from
the pyrites. This and the Golden Slope claim were taken up by the Mount Pleasant
Reefing Syndicate. (See PARA WIRRA GoLD REEFs.)
HALL AND EDwARDs’ CLAIM.—Situated near Scott's Diggings. In August,
1894, a shaft was being sunk, and nice gold, it was alleged, was struck at 30ft. ;
width of reef not then ascertained. Battery treatment gave 1 oz. 6dwts. per ton.
HoMBURG CLAIM.–After lying unworked a long time operations were resumed
in May, 1895. No recent information.
HINDMARSH GoLD MINING SYNDICATE.-The prospectors were in August,
1894, sinking an underlie shaft, the lode dipping east. It was stated that a large
parcel of promising looking stone was at grass. It was re-named in 1896 as the
Prince of Wales, when the main shaft was put down to 40ft., and a lode was struck at
about 9ft, from the surface. The stone was described as white quartz carrying gold.
HEINRICH's MINE,--Section I 16, Talunga, now known as the Talunga Goldfields
Development Company’s claim, and worked in a skilful way by an English company,
who have placed a large machinery equipment on the ground. The Government
Geologist reported in March, 1896, that there was a shaft 25ft. deep, from which
drives north and south had been put in, following the reef, which consists of
quartz and kaolin in veins and enclosed masses in the joints of the quartz. The
reef varied in width from 5ft, to 3ft., and looked likely to be permanent. There
was coarse gold visible in the solid quartz. No stone had been treated by battery,
but the owner of the claim stated that 141 ozs, .15awts. 5grs. of gold had been picked
and dollied out from the stone raised. The auriferous surfacing had proved that the
reef contained gold for about five chains along its outcrop, and it was reasonable to
expect that a corresponding length of auriferous reef or vein would be found below,
A favorable looking quartz vein, containing much iron oxide and pyrites, had also
been opened up, width 12in. to 17in., which would probably join or intersect the
main reef. The country rocks here are composed of kaolinised slate or pipeclay,
micaceous sandstone, argillaceous sandstone and slate. A payable mine could be
developed here by skilful and systematic working. (See also Scott's QUEEN
VICTORIA GoI.D Muni Ng CoRPoRATION and TALUNGA GoLDFIELDS DEVELOPMENT
CoMPANY’s CLAIMs.) J .
How ELL’s SYNDICATE.—Working in three of Wagner's paddocks, Blumberg.
In No. 1 a large reef was struck, and the property was being prospected generally.
(June, 1896.)
HYNES’ REEF.—In August, 1896, the Government Geologist reported upon this
property, stating that shafts had been sunk here upon two lines of auriferous reef,
about 120ft. apart, the auriferous material consisting of ferruginous, argillaceous, and
quartzose vein stuff, and sometimes quartz mixed with clay and kaolinised country
rock. The western reef varies in width from 1in. to 2ft., and in places branches
into two or three veins; strike N.E. and S.W., dip N.W. at an angle of from 40° to
55°. The country rock is soft argillaceous sandstone and slate, with quartzite and
sandstone bands. The eastern reef is of a similar character, but more quartz is .
GOLD. - 157
visible. The deepest shaft was 70ft., the last 35ft, being on the underlie. Good
prospects were obtained by washing the vein stuff, and rich specimens of fine and
coarse crystalline gold had been won. (See also BLUMBERG GoLD MINEs.)
JEssIE DARLING.—It was reported in August, 1896, that in an underlie shaft at a
depth of 20ft. there was a lode 3ft. wide, “carrying splendid gold.” -
KATHLEEN CLAIM.–This was formerly known as the Wild Pigeon, and adjoins
the Cobra. In 1895 it was being worked by an Adelaide Syndicate, and an underlie
shaft was down 80ft. A good lode, 2ft. wide, was reported to have been struck, and
samples were sent to the School of Mines, some showing, it was stated, 4ozs. 99rs.
per ton, and others proving over 20z. stone. When sinking the prospectors cut into
an old tunnel of 300ft., driven 30 years ago in following veins of copper ore.
KergensixND's Lease—This adjoines Hynes' property, and in 1897 was being
prospected. The Register (20/10/97) stated that capital reefs had been found, the ore
from which gave good assays for gold. -
LILIAN SYNDICATE.—The claim adjoins the Golden Crown No. 1. A shaft had
been sunk 40ft. (August, 1896), where the lode was found, and prospects were sated
to be good, fine and coarse gold being obtained by the dish. -
LILIAN.—A claim held in 1896, situated on a hill, where a shaft was sunk, and
drives were being put in at the bottom level.
P.1TTLE CRUMB.—Near Lucky Hit. In an underlie shaft at 24ft. a lode 1.ft, thick
had been found, striking N.E. and S.W., and well defined, widening in depth, and
giving good dish prospects.
LLoyd's MINE.-Included in the Blumberg Blocks. The lode is regarded as a
continuation of the Durdan lode. -
LoBETHAL REEFs.--A lease of 37 acres was held at Lobethal in 1895, containing
three reefs, alleged to carry gold. A crushing for the prospector gave 20zs. per ton,
tailings assaying 6dwts. 12grs. [It was stated that there was a good tin lode near,
and samples were exhibited.] - -
LUCKY HIT. —The Government Geologist, reporting upon this property in August,
1896, stated that the auriferous veins were similar to those in Hynes' Reef, varying
in size but persistent, cutting through and across the bedding of the country rock.
Shaft 45ft. ; good prospects washed, and gold frequently seen in the veinstone. A
parallel reef of a similar kind, 100ft. N.W., had been worked. These reefs and those
in Hynes' property belong to the class called “mullocky,” and will probably continue
to a considerable depth. He thought it likely that other parallel veins would be
found. The Advertiser (16/9/96) stated that a crushing treated at the Government
Cyanide Works had yielded 4ozs, per ton, and that the tailings had still to be treated.
In June, 1896, a crushing of 40 tons returned 12202s. 6dwts. 8grs. = 30zs. dwt.
3#grs. per ton. There are five shafts, three drives, trial holes, and costeans on this
property. A later crushing assayed 1 oz. 10dwts. 7 grs, per ton. -
Lucky HIT North.-An underlie shaft 45ft. showed (August, 1896) a 2ft. lode
consisting of auriferous quartz and kaolin, yielding good prospects. The country is
difficult to work owing to the rotten nature of the ground. - - -
Lucky HIT JUNCTION.—Ground hard; reef cut in a shallow hole, from which
auriferous stone was raised. Two vertical shafts, 30ft and 42ft., had been put down;
it was uncertain whether the stone was payable. (September, 1896.) ' : -
McCormack's Reef-Aſter lying for a long time unworked, a start was made in
May, 1896. Results unknown. -
McVITTIE’s HILL, section 1340.—Here shafts were sunk on a quartz reef; their
depths range from 40ft, to 60ft. The yield of gold per ton is said to have been
10ozs. 11dwts. Gold can be seen in some of the fragments of quartz lying near the
shafts. This mine was known as McLean's Triumph.

158 MINING RECORDS.
MADDIGAN's CLAIM.–Work resumed in August, 1894, at which date the two old
shafts had fallen in, and new shafts were required. .
MoUNT PLEASANT D1GGINGs.-Sections 1287, 1288, 1289, &c., are Crown lands,
and are situated about a mile south of the township of Mount Pleasant, from which
the diggings derive their title. Two long gullies were worked for alluvial gold, and
several shafts sunk on the bedrock in prospecting for quartz reefs. The works were
carried on many years ago, and it has been impossible to get information respecting
the total quantity of gold procured. However, Mr. Dutton, manager of the bank of
South Australia, Mount Pleasant, stated that from February, 1870, to July, 1883,
7290Zs. of gold from this field passed through the bank. The English, Scottish, and
Australian Chartered Bank bought 360ozs., value £1,374 17s., during the same
period. - . . .
Alluvial gold has been found in—
SECTION 6572 and in section 1673, adjoining the section in which the Durdan
Mine is situated. - -
SECTIONs 6396, 6624, 6625, and 116 were also worked for alluvial gold. Those
of the sections which belong to the South Australian Company yielded the following
amount of gold:— - -
Ozs. 38 -
Section 6625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold 58 . . . . Wałue 232
§ { 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º, º 'º a s h m ſº wº ** 199 . . . . “ 96
{ { ; & a º is is a ſº is + i tº º ſº a tº ſº e º ſº, º f tº a # ºr e H tº a ſº I g a 4 m is “ 77 . . . . “ ;
“ 6511 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... “ 414 .... “ 1,648
748 £2,981
Section 6558—From a small patch of surfacing 77ozs, of gold, value £305, was
obtained. Numerous shafts were sunk in prospecting for the reefs, and quartz from
one of these is said to have yielded 9}dwts, of gold to the ton. - '
SECTION 6511.—Small patches of surfacing were worked in a shallow alluvial
gully. I)uring the last five months of 1885 Messrs. Facett and Garland obtained
126ozs. 10dwts, of gold, equal in value to £504. Shafts were sunk on the section
to prospect quartz lodes; result not reported. The prevailing rocks are mica schist
and quartzite, with coarse granite dykes and quartz veins.
NEwMAN's CLAIM.–Prospecting resulted in the discovery of some small leaders,
but they were not thought worthy of further exploration. (Register, 18/9/96.)
OPHIR MINE.-Locality, near Mount Pleasant. At 20ſt, depth the prospectors
struck a lode, but it “faulted,” and in August, 1894, they were driving with the
hope of picking it up; result unknown. - - -
PENNY-RICHARDson’s GoLD MINING SYND1CATE.—(See BLUMBERG DEVELOP-
MENT SYNDICATE.) -
PENRHYN MINE, section 6332,-Rich surfacing was got here. Shafts were sunk
on quartz reefs in the vicinity, but no payable stone was found, so the mine was
abandoned, and the shafts collapsed. In October, 1895, prospecting operations were
resumed, and in September, 1896, 15dwts. per ton was the return from a parcel
described as “rather mullocky.” A new shaft was being put down.
Port ADEIAIDE SYNDICATE.—The property prospected is Crown lands at
McVittie's Hill, and in the middle of April, 1890, at a depth of 35ft., a reef 18in.
thick was struck, showing free gold, and giving great promise. -
PoATT's SECTIONs.—These are 201 and 937, Para Wirra and Talunga. In the
former there is a large ferruginous quartz lode striking E. 20° N., dipping north,
enclosed in soft argillaceous slates. In the latter there is a fairly strong lode,
Samples from each section returned no trace of gold, r
GOLD. - 159
PIPECLAY REEF.—In January, 1898, two small but rich reefs were worked here
from 14ft. up to the surface, the ore being sent away for treatment. Some samples
previously taken by the Inspector of Mines gave a return of loz. 14dwts, of gold per
ton; but the subsequent returns were disappointing, and work was stopped.
PRosPERITY CLAIM.–Formerly known as the “Poverty.” Re-pegged and re-
started in May, 1895. -
PRINCE ALBERT.—Situated on Mr. Belcher's land. A new shaft was going down
on this claim through hard ground, in September, 1896.
RAMsAY's CLAIM.–Prospecting here has resulted in the discovery of some nice
leaders and a promising-looking reef, which was to be sunk upon. (Register,
18/9/96.) - .
REcoMPENSE CLAIM.–Worked for some time in 1894, but operations were
suspended because of the difficulty of coping with the water. :
Bob BIE BURNs' CLAIM.–At the 40ft. level a drive N.W. was being put in on the
lode (ironstone, quartz, and pyrites), which is 3ft. wide, and the prospectors were
sinking another shaft 25ft. Fine gold seen in the stone. Prospects encouraging.
(Report, October, 1896.)
Ross BRos’ CLAIM.–On Hynes' property. Shaft down 45ft. The stone, it was
stated, was showing (1896) good gold. .
Roy AL BLACKBIRD.—Situated in Watts’ Gully, near Blumberg, where a great
quantity of alluvial gold was secured at one time. Shaft sunk 50ft., crosscut 30ft.
Several leaders exposed. Assays up to 12dwts. In 1896 this claim was being
floated into a company property.
RUSsACK's CIAIM.–This lies N.E. of Hannaford's. A quartz reef had been
struck, said to be 7ft. or 8ft. wide and carrying gold (September, 1896). In the
following January the lode was reported to consist of white honeycombed ferruginous
quartz, striking east and west, and that assays had returned up to 6ozs, per ton.
SECTION 6835.—The Government Geologist's report on this property in the latter
part of 1895 was to the effect that a quartz reef 8in. to 10in. thick, remarkably well
defined and apparently permanent in character, exists upon this property. The
country is auriferous, and probably other veins exist. A certificate of assay of the
reef-stone showed 10Z. 7dwts. 10grs. to the ton, leaving 2dwts, 11 grs. in the tailings.
SECTION 6593.—Small quartz reefs outcrop, containing oxide of iron and pyrites;
flats likely for alluvial gold. (Government Geologist's report, 1895.)
SECTION 6334.—A reef crosses the S.E. corner, from which, it is reported, rich
specimens of gold were obtained; workings had fallen in. (Ibid.)
SECTIONs 1305, 1306, 6625, 6396.-Quartz reef outcrops occur, looking likely for
gold; some had been worked to a shallow depth. The most promising reef shows on
the surface in the S.W. corner of 6625, running thence into 6396. (Ibid.)
SECTION 126.—The north end is in a line with the strike of the Black Snake Reef
(section 127), and in a small creek alluvial gold was being worked. (Ibid.)
SECTion 125.—A strong auriferous reef of laminated quartz had been exposed
containing pyrites, and should be tested. (Ibid./ . . . .
SECTION 108.—The continuation of the German Reef should be looked for here.
(Ibid, 1896.) - -
SECTION 6627–The N.W. portion is on the trend of the Black Snake Reef,
(Ibid.) - - - . . . . . .
160 MINING RECORDS.
SECTION 6626.-There are two veins, 12in. and 10in., neither showing gold, but
in the S.E. corner there is an outcrop which is apparently a continuation of Wagner's
Reef; the stone is favorable. (Ibid.) : - - -
Section 6625.-The reef above described passes into this area, and in the S.E.
corner a patch of alluvial gave rich returns. Its working exposed a reef, which was
probably the source of the gold. This place should be thoroughly prospected.
(Ibid.) -
SECTION 6397.-A reef was being worked near the S.E. corner and was giving
good returns; it is parallel to the last-mentioned reef. (Ibid./
SECTION 7117.-There are many outcrops of quartz, but apparently no defined
reefs or veins. If the German Reef is continuous it should traverse the S.E. portion
of this section. (Ibid./
The Government Geologist thinks that there is a fair probability of alluvial gold
being found in the creek flats on all these sections.
Scott’s QUEEN VICTORIA GoLD MINING CorportATION CLAIM.–Sir John
Downer's assisted miners tapped a reef on the property held (92 acres) from which
there had been, it was estimated, altogether £20,000 worth of gold obtained. There
is, it is alleged, a gold-bearing body of ore of considerable size. The Advertiser
(20/4/96) stated that Heinrich and Hall got 50ozs. of gold, and dollied out 15lbs.
weight of specimens from the workings,
ST. GEORGE.-A 12-acre claim belonging to the St. Patrick Company. In August,
1896, a vertical shaft was being sunk on the property. -
Stony CREEK.—In July, 1896, a shaft was down 25ft., and levels driven east and
west, the lode being in the former 22in, wide, and in the latter 16in. A parcel of
stone was being sent to Adelaide for treatment.
STAR of ADELAIDE.-An underlie shaft shows an auriferous lode, making as it
went down, and at 15ft, depth it was 16in. wide, consisting of quartz and iron-
stone with pyrites. (1897.)
STAR of ADELAIDE, No. 2.- A shaft was down 50ft., where a lode 5ft. wide
was exposed. (1897.) -
TATUNGA MINE.—Area, four sections; principal workings on section 115. The
Inspector of Mines reported (1895) that seven shafts had been sunk 20ft. to 62ft.
The lode is strong and well defined, striking N. 20° E., but poor in character. The
assays, on treatment at the Government Cyanide Works, gave returns from parcels of
ore treated:—12dwts. 18grs. and 1 dwt. 10grs. per ton. The lode is patchy, but should
be worth further development. - -
TALUNGA GoLDFIELDS Development CoMPANY.—It was announced in February,
1897, that a flotation had been made in London under the above name, with a capital
of £350,000. A shaft is down 188ft, and it is stated that the lode is 3ft. wide at
bottom, and carries over 20zs. of gold per ton.
TRELoak's CIAix-situated on the South Australian Company's land, near the
Lucky Hit. The prospectors had (January, 1897) cut what they regarded as Hynes'
No. 1 reef; it was 15in. wide, of ferruginous quartz and said to carry gold. Mr.
Treloar reported that he had also struck a reef on Cahill's land.
Toy's REEF.—In 1894 this was being worked, the reef being 2ft. wide carrying
gold. t
TRIUMPH-An old venture. Acquired in July, 1896, by the Blumberg Prospect-
ing Company, and work was resumed, - -
GOLD. : - 161
VIENNA CLAIM—A new shaft was, in 1896, down 35ft., on a lode discovered at a
depth of 6ft. from the surface. It was only a few inches wide, but increased as
depth was made, and was reported to be yielding good auriferous stone.
WEGENER's SECTIONs.—The Government Geologist, reporting in 1896 upon this
property, stated that a quartz outcrop on section 1633 strikes N. 50° E., from which
a good many years ago 50zs. of gold was got out of a small hole. In the N.W. part
of the same section is another reef about 5ft. wide, and underlying N.W., the vein-
stone consisting of cellular and solid quartz, with pyrites and brown iron oxide. It
was stated that 10 tons crushed 12dwts. per ton. On section 1635 there is a vein
of the same character, and on this and section 123 there are outcrops apparently on
the same line of reef. The widths vary from 1 ft. to 8ft. A small flat vein of lami-
nated quartz exists, and from a shaft on this vein quartz of a favorable character for
gold was met with. Other outcrops exist, and the property is in a central position
in an auriferous district. -
WAGNER's R.E.E.F.—Situated about half a mile from Black Snake. In 1894 an
underlie shaft was down 20ft.; lode 4ft. and increasing, strike N.E. and S.W. Lode,
ironstone, quartz, and pyrites ; good walls. Assays reported to range from 17ozs.
down to loz. 4dwts. per ton. No late news.
TEETULPA GOLDEIELDS
Are situated about 15 miles east from Waukaringa, and about 12 miles north-west of
the Birthday Reef, at Mannahill; discovered by Thos. Brady, of Lancelot, and Thos.
Smith, of Broughton, October 6th, 188%. The first gold was found in the centre of
the gully now known as “Brady's.” . Several pieces, weighing in all about 13 ozs.,
were dug out of the cracks in the slate by Smith, using his knife only. The pro-
spectors put in their claim to the Government reward of £1,000. A rush from Ade-
laide and great excitement followed, and a working population numbering at one
time about 4,000 to 5,000 people occupied the field. The prospectors took out
their reward claims (10 in number) at the spot where they had found the first gold;
other claims were quickly pegged out, following the creek in a northerly direction
for a distance of half a mile. The first nugget of any size was found by McDougall
and Opperman, and weighed 8ozs. 14dwts. The largest nugget known to be found
on the field was got by Horner, in a claim about 20yds. north of Brady’s claim. It
weighed 290z. 15dwts. Other nuggets, of 14ozs. 16dwts., 130zs., 10ozs, and
smaller sizes were found more frequently. Work on the field was hindered by the
want of water. All the dirt had to be carted to Tonkin's Well, a distance of about
two miles. The results from washing were variable, ranging from 1 dwt. or 2dwts.
up to 4ozs. per load of dirt. For a time the digging was confined to the bed of the
creek, where heavy floods had washed away the earth to a depth of 4ft. Here the
claims were easily worked. As a rule the earth and gravel were broken up by the
pick and then fossicked over with a knife. Every gutter and crevice in the slate
beds was carefully cleaned, and it was in these that the nuggets were most frequently
found. About October 27th, however, some holes were put down in the high ground
on the west side of the watercourse. Here the sinking was from 18ft. to 25ft. deep.
A good wash was met with about 18in, from the bottom, and in many claims the
yield was very rich indeed. This locality was named Windlass Hill. From one
claim the owner states he got £700 worth of gold during a period of five or six
weeks, and afterwards sold his claim for £50. On the 31st October a rush took
place to the upper part of the gully, south of the prospectors' claims. This was
caused by a man finding a 15dwt. nugget, together with 5dwts. of small gold. This
part of the gully had been tried previously, but nothing had been found in it. This
discovery, however, put more heart into the miners, and the gully was soon tested in
every part. It proved to be very rich. Nuggets weighing from 14ozs, downwards
I.
162 MINING RECORDs.
were found in many claims, and some of the washings were very good. Here the
sinking averaged about 8ft. The gully was not more than four claims broad; the
gold lay in gutters and pockets, and from one of these as much as 1902. was taken.
The following is a list of the nuggets bought by the Government, and includes
the heaviest pieces found on the field:— - -
- Where Found. - weight. Price Paid.
. - oz. dwt. grs. £ s. d.
*
BRADV's GULLY.—Three claims north of prospectors' claims.... 29 15 0 120 0 0
£ & {s. - 4 : . . . . 21 8 0 80 4 0
{ { { iſ . . . ; : { . . . . 19 7 5 78 19 7
§ { - { { * { - . . . . 13 12 22 51 3 0
d : “ - & 4 - . . . . 8 14 0 34 16 0
{ { . “ “ 10 9 0 41 16 ()
* { iſ { £ & 3 7 18 13 1 1 0
& 5 . { { - £ 4 3 12 2 13 10 4
& { ( & { { 3 : 3 I2 11 17 0.
* { - § { £ 6 * , it e 1 10 0 5 12 6
& # South of prospectors’ claims ... . . . . . . . . . . . 14 13 8 55 () ()
“ .* “ . . . . . s a a • s . . . 9 2 0 34 2 6.
€ $ § { • * : * . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 18 24 l l l
& & “. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 0 15 10 0
[ { - “. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 2 13 10 4
{ % “. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 12 11 17 0
{ { “. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 4 8 4 17 4
{ & Windlass Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 () 8 6 41 13 0
& “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1 0 40 4 0
* { { { * ſº 8 6 || 8 33 7 0
{ { { % * , s : ſº is 4 tº * 4 9 8 18 8 6
“ $ * tº º iſ ſº * * * * * B g is g g g g ºn 2 I 2 11 10 9 10
Goslin's GULLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * u, ü, ê º m 'm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I l 9 19 45, 19 0
“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 19 11 31 17 10
“. . . . . . . . . . . . tº a # * in I is tº a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 12 28 6 ()
i é • * . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * ~ * g + p in g E tº ºn tº e º 'º is a fi 4 16 20 18 8
STRAwbRIDGE's GULLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 15 20 14 6
With regard to the amount of gold got on the field it is difficult to form an estimate,
but Mr. Cowle, Manager of the English, Seottish, and Australian Chartered Bank,
supplied the information that from November 22nd, 1886, to April 15th, 1887, the
bank bought 10,571.ozs, of gold. Large quantities of gold were also bought by the
local storekeepers.
The Government Geologist, after visiting the field in July, 1888, reported that
mining was then confined to fossicking on the old alluvial diggings and to reefing,
and that most of the claim-holders had suspended working pending assistance from
the Government. A great deal of crushing ore had been raised, but, in the absence
of proper plant, had not been tested. Below the water-level the oxides of iron found
so plentifully associated with the quartz would give place to pyrites (sulphide of
iron). In October, 1897, the supervisor of the Government prospecting parties
reported the discovery of a nugget of gold weighing 60Zs. 12dwts. in the old work-
ings in Brady’s Gully. - .
BEN LoMoMID CLAIM.—There is on this claim a reef of uniform character, 2ft.
6in. between the walls, not properly tested. - i .
BRENNAN’s GULLY. —This lies south of Strawbridge's, and is parallel to it. The
prospectors found a sample of fine gold, others found a few grains only. -
DAM GULLY comes into Brady's from the west, south of Windlass Hill. Six-
ounce and smaller nuggets were found in claims on the high ground north of the
watercourse. The sinking averaged 20ft. in depth, and the gold, as in the other
gullies, was very patchy and irregular. . - . . .
FLACK's GULLY joined Brennan's Gully, and good prospects were got, but nothing
very payable. . . . . - . . - .
Goslin's GULLY.-This lies east of Brady's Gully, runs north and south, and
joins Brady's about half a mile below the prospectors' claims, At this place Hugh
GOLD, 163
O'Kane struck a pocket containing about 24ozs, of rough nuggety gold, the largest
piece being about 4ozs. This was at a depth of 5ft. The gully was at once pegged
out, and soon proved to be as rich, if not richer, than Brady's, Nuggets of good
size, from 11}ozs. downwards, were obtained, and the washings were extremely good,
many of them going 7ozs., 4ozs., 3ozs., and 1 oz. to the load of dirt. This may have
been due partly to the fact that the men in Goslin's Gully did not dry fossick to the
same extent as did those in Brady's Gully. .
IRENIDA GoLD MINE.-Locality two miles from Taltabooka Well. There is
reported to be a nearly vertical lode, 3ft. wide, with good walls, containing iron ore
in bunches which carries free gold. Strike N.N.E. and S S.W. Samples yielded:
3}ozs. gold and 4dwts. silver per ton; 16dwts. gold and 23 ozs. of silver per ton;
loz. 3dwts. of gold per ton. Fragments of galena outcropping gave 54 per cent, lead
and 218ozs. 17dwts. silver per ton. (J. Parkinson, 1892)
IRoncLAD PRosPECT.--In May, 1897, this mine was reopened, and a small
quantity of stone was raised for treatment. .
LANG For D AND GADD’s RusH was about a mile and a half north of Brady's
claims, and about 50yds, west of the watercourse. The sinking was from 17ft. to
25ft., and it was thought to be a continuation of the lead from Windlass Hill.
Some of the men got fair prospects, but not sufficiently good to pay for cartage of
dirt to the well for washing. This rush was worked intermittently.
PLIo: ENE LEADs.—Northwards of where Brady’s Gully runs on to the Salt Creek
Flats there is a tableland of drift, known to diggers as “made ground,” similar in
character to that of Para Wirra, Barossa, Echunga, and other parts of the main range,
It is most probable that gold will be found by prospecting it. Work has been done
here and “colors” are said to have been obtained, but operations were suspended,
as no payable results were quickly forthcoming. This drift extends northwards
towards Mount Victor, in the neighborhood of which there are gravel-capped rises
indicating its presence. It may also pass under the Salt Creek alluvial flats. In
1887 several shafts were sunk, on the recommendation of the Government Geologist,
commencing at a point near Salt Creek, where the bedrock was met with about 10ft.
from the surface, and extending westward across the plateau. These shafts appear
on inspection not to have been bottomed, but to have been abandoned on reaching a
hard calcareous cement and conglomerate; the question, therefore, as to the existence
of a lead of gold is still undecided. The finding of deep ground and payable gold
here would be a matter of great importance, as there is a large area to the northward
of similar country. $n '
The ranges near Bumbumbie—to the east of Brady's Gully—consist of gneiss,
mica schist, granite, &c., and these are penetrated by granite dykes and masses,
and probably by diorite, as this and other hornblendic rocks are seen in the creeks,
The calcareous slates and limestone dip away from the granite and metamorphic
rocks at a low angle. Some of the slates contain boulders and pebbles of quartzite
embedded in them. A large portion of the nuggets found on this field show no sign
of having been derived from quartz reefs. Most of them are partially coated and
have their hollows filled with travertine limestone; ferruginous limestone rock and
iron oxide is frequently found adhering to them. The veinstones found in the
district consist chiefly of quartz; iron ore and limestone also occur, either combined
or separately. Auriferous washdirt, cemented with carbonate of lime, is also found;
it is a hard rock, and the gold is not visible on the surface. Payable gold may some-
times be passed over, if the cement is not carefully examined. There is also a proba-
bility of small nuggets becoming completely coated with the travertine limestone, and
so being passed unnoticed. This material may be removed from the gold by placing
it in a solution of spirits of salt, or by heating it in a fire and converting the car-
bonate of lime into quicklime.
STRAwaridge's GULLY lies south of Brady's, and runs in a north-easterly direc-
tion, emptying near Tonkin's Well. It was a most likely-looking place for gold,
164 MINING RECORDS.
and was worked for some weeks. One man obtained a pocket holding over 6ozs,
including a nugget of 59zs. 5dwts. ; but, with that exception, nothing more than fair
prospects were obtained. - . . . . . . . -
TEETULPA REEFs-There are two sets of reefs or veins in this district—one
traversing the bedrock in an east and west direction, and the other striking in a
meridional direction. They are composed of veinstone consisting of quartz, gossan,
carbonates of lime and iron, hematite, brown iron ore, and iron pyrites. Carbonate
of bismuth and lead, with traces of copper ore, have also been noticed. So far the
greater part of the work done was on the north and south reefs. These have a strike
ranging from north 10° to 15° and 20° west; the underlie is steep, and inclines from
70° to 80° to the east. They are well defined, and are of considerable width in some
of the claims, and have well-defined walls; they run parallel to one another in groups
of three or four. Numerous shafts have been sunk, the greatest depth at present
attained being about 70ft. As a rule the gold is very fine, and, owing to the
ferruginous nature of the stone, is very difficult to see. In the Victoria claim, how-
ever, a pocket consisting of quartz and gossan has been found containi, g very rich
specimens of a wiry filamentous gold of a peculiar and remarkable character. Other
claims in which gold was seen are Meache's, Ironclad, Nos. 1 and 2; and on the
Ironclad belt of reefs the Jubilee, Blue Star, Warrior, &c. Owing to the nature of
the stone its value cannot be judged merely by examination, and up to 1890 no
crushings had been made. Assays and hand crushings were resorted to, but the
former are often deceptive and the latter test is generally only sufficient to show that
gold does or does not exist in the small samples tried. * . i
Victory Gold MINING CoMPANY.—Area and locality, 400ft. by 800ft. at the
head of Goslin's Gully, adjoining the Blue Star and Jubilee reefs. -
WAKEFIELD GULLY ran into Brennan’s also, but above the prospectors’ claims.
Not very much work was done. - - - . . .
Tilkas Mine.—Locality, section 25, hundred of Cassini, Kangaroo Island. The
Government Geologist has reported a recent examination, and states that excavations
are being made on a large lode outcrop of quartz and other siliceous material, con-
taining arsenical pyrites. At a depth of 45ft. the lode and formations, though
ill-defined are of considerable width. The outcrop has a north-westerly strike, and
dips 60° south-westerly, and can be traced for some distance. Of seven samples
assayed only two returned a trace of gold. A washed sample of pyrites however,
gave 4dwts, of gold and 8dwts. of silver. A ton treated at the Government battery
at Mount Torrens yielded 5dwts. 3grs, gold, valued at £3 14s. 6d. per ounce. Worth
prospecting for payable shoots of gold.
Torrens River.—For some months in 1887 a number of men worked for gold
at a spot about two miles above the gorge, where the Sixth Creek comes in, and also
along the bed of that creek. Alluvial gold was found in the river by sluicing on
section No. 6154, near the Gumeracha bridge, and on sections Nos. 6074, 6060,
6l 13, and for some distance along the river near Blumberg, and elsewhere. What
portions will prove payable can only be ascertained by thorough work. The river is
auriferous from its source to the gorge where it issues from the hills, and from thence
it has probably carried gold down towards the sea. This can only he proved by
testing the deep tertiary deposits on the Adelaide plains. . . . . . . . .
Trengoff Gold and Silver Claim.—Situate about a mile and a half from
Angaston, at the base of a large hill of marble, traversed by a dioritic dyke The
Inspector of Mines 'stated (1889) that at the point of intersection of the diorite and
the marble there is a “blow" of specular and oxide iron, There is a lode formation
GOLD. 165
apparently fully 25ft. wide, and stones said to have been obtained at a depth of 30ft.
showed free gold in the vughs. The appliances were inadequate to keep the water
under, and so sinking was retarded. - - . . ; . . . . . .
Trevue Mine, four miles east from Gawler, on the private property of Hon.
James Martin, M.L.C. The Inspector of Mines reported in 1889 that on the top of
a hill of clay slate there had been sunk a shaft disclosing a reef, which runs north
and south, and underlies westward, but the strata are contorted. A shaft, 90ft. deep,
cut several quartz leaders, mostly mineralised, and a crosscut was put in the bottom
of the shaft, but did not cut the reef, which is slightly auriferous.
Twigham Diggings.--About two miles eastward of the Ulooloo diggings a.
small patch of alluvium was worked for gold. There is no information available as
to results obtained. (1886.) - -
Union Jack Gold Mining Syndicate.—Area and locality, eight claims,
total 800ft. by 600ft., on the Ajax Reef, Waukaringa. No records.
ULOOLOO GOLDFIELD.
This auriferous area is situated about twenty miles north of Hallett. It was dis-
covered in 1870-1, and the first workings were on section No. 650, on what is known
as the White Lead. Workings were also opened on Noltenius's Creek, section 673,
and were followed down on to Coglin's Creek. Work was carried on in an intermittent
manner, and it has been impossible to ascertain the total quantity of gold obtained;
but £18,000 worth was, up to August, 1886, transmitted through the post office as
Hallett. No quartz reefs or veins have been worked, the gold found being alluvial,
and generally coated, and mixed with iron ore. Along Coglin's Creek the gold it
found in two formations--the alluvium of the present creek, and in the old creek-bed
or deep lead, following the creek and sometimes crossing it. In the present creek
the sinking was only a few inches in depth, whilst in the deep lead it ranged from
20tt. to 30ft. Both the lead and the creek follow the strike of the rocks, viz., north
and south. Some parts of the diggings were fairly rich. Attempts to prospect some
of the deep leads have been frustrated by the great influx of water at about 40ft.,
but this could be overcome by pumping. The absence of water, except in the
Ulooloo Creek, is a drawback to efficient prospecting, and another matter that is
against the success of the field is that the area of Crown lands is small and is sur-
rounded by freeholds. The neighboring country is strongly auriferous. With
regard to results obtained by miners, the Warden of Goldfields reported on July
5th, 1886, that Ellis and Carpenter had washed 11ozs. of gold from 17 loads of dirt,
and that Herbert's party had washed 5ozs. from two and a half loads. The Govern-
ment prospecting party got various amounts of gold, ranging from 2dwts. up
to 13dwts. per load. The gold found is coarse and nuggety, and some but little
waterworn. - - . . ' - -
The rocks of this field consist of clay and calcareous slates and limestones, with
quartzose, sandstone, and sandstone bands. They contain numerous reefs and veins
of quartz and ironstone, and the surface is frequently strewn with fragments of these
veinstones. . - - - -
Uraidla Goldfields.--A local correspondent, writing on August 13th, 1889,
stated that one party of three men worked about four days, and obtained 6ozs. of
gold; and that most of the best gold had been got near the leaders, several of which
cross the gully. Where the most gold was found there was more iron in the soil.
The sinking on the side of the hill averaged only about 12tt. The gold had not been
confined to a small lead, but had apparently been spread over the bottom, and so the
diggers were working their claims out all round. The flats are thought to be also rich,
and portions have been tested. . . . . . . . . . . . .
166 - MINING RECORDS.
Uraidla Mine.—Held by Bolland's Gold Mining Syndicate. The Government
Geologist reported, in 1896, on the property worked by this company on section 128,
Onkaparinga. Two tunnels, driven into a hill on the N.W. portion of the section,
had intersected several veins of quartz, ironstone, and pyrites, which strike in a
northerly direction. The veinstones have a favorable appearance for gold, but
samples taken exhibited no trace when assayed. This and the section adjoining on
the south should be thoroughly prospected, as there are numerous veins and reefs.
Later newspaper information states that at end of last year several claims had been
worked, and two gutters had yielded each 25ozs. of gold. - -
Percival’s Discovery.—This is situated about three and a half miles from
Uraidla. Men quarrying stone for road metal discovered an auriferous reef. A
shaft was put down on the underlie, and stone was bagged for treatment. (May, 1897.)
Victoria Gold Mine, ten miles east from Adelaide in the neighborhood of
Montacute, was opened by a company in January, 1846. The property of the
company comprised 147 acres of land. The Royal South Australian Almanac, 1848,
gave the following account:--
Soon after the operations of the company commenced a vein of auriferous gossan was discovered
in the principal shaft, and at length it was found impregnated with native gold of almost perfect
punity. Genuine specimens of the gold soon adorned the cabinets of the curious, and the working
jewellers of Adelaide were employed to mount South Australian gems in some of the virgin gold thus
found in the province. The exitement was extreme, the £2 shares went rapidly up to £30 each, and
the fortunate purchasers at the advanced price thought their fortunes were made. But all at once the
prizes wore very much the appearance of blanks; a ruinous reaction ensued ; the price of shares
went down to £3 each. - - -
This mine ceased working in 1852.
d
THE WADNAMINGA GOLDFIELD.
The Government Geologist recently reported fully on this field. The Wadnaminga
Goldfield Reserve comprises an area of thirty-six square miles. It is crossed in a
north-easterly and south-westerly direction by three main ridges of elevated country,
and partially by two other detached ranges. These are intersected by creeks trend-
ing from N.E. to S.W., into wide alluvial flats. The bighest elevation of the hills
forming these ranges is from 300ft, to 350ft., the general average height being about
200ft. The strike of the rocks conforms roughly to that of the ranges. In the
north-western corner of the reserve the rocks consist of mica slates and sandstones,
clay slates, calcareous clay slates and flags, and limestones, striking from E. 30° N.
and W. 30° S. to north-easterly and south-westerly, and dipping vertically and
southward. The lowest beds are the most micaceous. The limestone, which is
crystalline and dolomitic, is interstratified in beds of irregular thickness. The slates
and flags, as well as the limestone in this vicinity, contain scattered boulders and
pebbles of various varieties of granite, quartzite, sandstone, slate, limestone, and
other rocks, sometimes forming a true conglomerate. Some of these boulders are
very large, and, judging from their size and mode of occurrence, have probably been
transported by ice action at an early period in geological history. The country-rocks
in which the two main groups of auriferous lodes occur have already been described
in connection with these groups. In the south-western portion of the reserve there
are extensive beds of sandstone, calcareous sandstone, and quartzose sandstone, inter-
stratified with clay slates and calcareous slates, limestone, micaceous slates, and
sandstones, which have been thrown into an anticlinal arch, trending north-easterly
and south-westerly. In the south-eastern corner of the reserve calcareous sandstone
beds are interstratified with mica slates and beds of limestone; they strike north-
easterly and south-westerly, and dip south-easterly at angles of 45°. Further to the
south-west similar beds strike W. 20° S. and dip vertically and at high angles in a
northerly direction. . . . . . . -
A rich auriferous quartz vein was found in 1888, and called the Eiffel Tower; and
afterwards the Victoria Tower, Oulnina Tower, Countess of Jersey, and other lodes
were discovered. Another line of auriferous lodes—the Birthday (Milo) and the
GOLD. 167
Great Eastern, and the Virginia was found in the following year. Work has since
been carried on intermittently and not altogether satisfactorily ; but payable results
were obtained from the Birthday, Great Eastern, and Virginia. In an earlier report
the Government Geologist gave a tabular statement of gold obtained from 1889 to
September, 19th, 1891, as furnished by T. D. Johnson— - .
Ore—tons. ozs. dwts. grs.
Prospectors on Eiffel Tower and Victoria Tower lodes (1889) — 250 0 0
Grand Junction Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0# 16 () ()
Golden Tower (specimens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * , a s a "T" 10 0 ()
Wictoria Tower * I e g º & a tº e tº q q. m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 H28 13 10
: (specimens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is ; º ;
* * * . . . . . tº º is ſº º ºr tº • . . . . * } 0 tº $ ſº tº * * * * * * * * c > * > 0 & it;
•. { { tº e º ºn tº ſº * * s > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g { * * * o;" 5 t] {}
Birthday Party * G tº a G & ºn s is a s - ºt tº ºr a tº s a tº a tº ºn tº g º O ſº gº tº a t t e º a tº 4. 0} 6 0. ()
Great Eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 0 0
“ . . . . . . . . . . tº € $ We nº g º e º 'º º in a d : a s p ∈ e º 'º º º º O ſº tº ==º 10 () 0
Judd's Own . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * - ſº ſº tº tº e , , , 5 7 0 0
Eiffel Tower. . . . . tº $ ſº tº ºn tº dº ſº tº e g tº s • b , s s s a s a s m s a t t = < * * * * T 25 0 0
Earl of Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº 6 s is a s it tº it a tº º º tº 1 83 () ()
Countess of Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." .. 1 I 6 () 0
* tº $ tº a s g º º is i iſ tº a º a ºl. In ſº u q ∈ G & ºl G + + ºn tº a lº & 1 # 1 0 0
f : (specimens). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mºmº 10 0 ()
Nugget (Pollock) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº ſº tº e º 'º º ºr ºn sº- 8 14 0
Virginia Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 80' 0 0
Overton & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 () {}
Commonwealth prospectors . . . . . . . . . * a s m in a tº e s tº a º a º ºs º º is lſ) 1 (j () ()
Carver & Smith . . . . . He is s 4 º C tº dº & E tº tº ſº st q i = a - tº a lº s = s a s a s T 5 () ()
787 7 10
NoTE—This is by no means a full record of the gold obtained to the date above mentioned.
EIFFEL ToweR AND VICTORIA TOWER GROUP.
The veins consist of quartz, brown iron ore, hematite, and gossan, having a very
low underlie–10° and 15° to 30°, seldom exceeding 45°. The walls generally are
from 2ft. to 4ft. apart, and enclose, besides the quartz, sections of the country rock.
The lodes cut across the strata, and small subsidiary veins meet them at nearly right
angles. The principal veinstone is quartz, generally of the white opaque variety,
also tabular and laminated; brown iron ore, hematite, gossan, calcspar, and spathic
iron are also often present.
Travertine limestone coats the different veinstones and the country-rock along the
vein outcrops, but is found to die out as they are followed down from the surface.
INDICATor WEINs.-In connection with the quartz lodes there are small subsidiary
veins, sometimes consisting of quartz, gossan, and ironstone, at others merely fissures,
cutting the lodes nearly at right angles. These are locally known as “indicators,”
as indicating the presence of gold. Where the lodes are cut by them, rich pockets
of gold have been found to occur. So far as observed, these indicators are in the
hanging wall only, and do not pass through the footwall, but there is some uncertainty
on this point. If they cut through the lode completely, they must have been formed
subsequently to the deposition of the lode; if they only penetrate one wall, they
have probably been formed simultaneously with the fissure in which the lode matter
was deposited. -
The gold occurs in the solid quartz, and in the lamination of the quartz; in iron-
stone and gossan; and has also been observed in the travertine limestone deposit, in
lumps or nuggety pieces, flat crystalline plates, and fine particles. Pyrites is present
in the veins near the surface, and will doubtless become more plentiful below water-
level, and replace the iron oxides. Galena and carbonate of lead ore are disseminated
through the veinstone of all the lodes to a greater or less extent, and carbonate and
other ores of copper occasionally occur. -
CARVER's CLAIMs.-Gold sections 153, 221. No permanent body of veinstone has -
been discovered, but rich stones have been got out and alluvial gold has been worked
168 MINING RECORDS.
near the principal shaft in shallow ground. A quartz lode, with iron oxides and
carbonate of iron, 4in. to 12in. thick, is in the vicinity, and other vein outcrops occur.
More prospecting advisable. • , - - . . . . . . -
Gold SECTIONs 156, 157, AND 286–Cuttings and shallow shafts have disclosed
quartz reefs and small veins; favorable to the presence of gold.
LEASEs 634-5-6-7 (W Estward Ho !).--The return for the half-year ending 1898,
was 1,500 tons of tailings treated, and a like quantity the previous half year: total,
3,000 tons; yield, 43 dwt.s. per ton = 675ozs, of gold. Deeble’s process.
OULNINA ToweRs.—A strong quartz outcrop extends 374ft. on this claim, with a
variable strike, and is 2ft. to 5ft. wide; main shaft 188ft. deep on an average incline
of 16° westerly. The lode splits into two veins at the bottom of the shaft, but in
No. 2 shaft it is 2ft. thick. It is stated that a ton of stone in one instance yielded
30ozs, of gold; later 12 tons gave 12dwts, of gold per ton.
VicToRIA ToweR.—Gold sections 206, 243,244. A curved line of outcrop extends
800ft. The main shaft (inclined) reached water at 335ft., and has a total depth of
445ft., and the lode contains much pyrites. Indicator veins #in, to 1jn. thick traverse
the lode, and where they have intersected, it is said, coarse gold has been found.
The quartz has a highly favorable appearance for gold. Surface deposits of gold
were being worked. The lode is large and persistent and of an unusual average
thickness, and has been proved to contain rich specimens of gold. If opened up
properly and worked on a larger scale it should be a successful mine. It is worth
noting. with regard to the future working of this mine, that vertical shafts would be
much cheaper and more economical than inclined shafts. As an example—the main
shaft has been sunk 335ft. to water level; a vertical shaft to reach the same point
would only have to be sunk about 155ft. from the surface. The mine was worked
for five years, from 1889 to 1894, by a Victorian company. A dry-crushing plant was
erected during that time, and 250 tons are stated to have been treated, yielding
7dwts, per ton. Since 1894 little work has been done. The mine is now held by
Messrs. Heming and Holdaway. Five tons 15cwts. raised by them, and treated at
the Petersburg Government Cyanide Works in March, 1898, yielded 4ozs. 19dwts. of
gold, valued at £14 18s. 6d. An ex-manager furnished the following information
to the Government Geologist :— -
In 1890........ ...... • * * * * * * * 15cwts. yielded 12802s. 13dwts. 10grs. of gold
In 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 * * tº l 60 0 < * 0 < * * *
In 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* 10 “ * { . 5 * * 0 t < 0 < t “
A specimen of gold in quartz weighing 8ozs. 14dwts. was found on the surface.
Mr. Jessop states that 10 tons treated at Footscray, Victoria, yielded 520zs. of gold.
Twenty tons treated at the Countess of Jersey battery, Wadnaminga, yielded 90Zs.
18dwts., and 3 tons at the same battery yielded 11ozs. 6dwts, of gold. Three
average samples of coarse tailings remaining from the treatment by the dry crushing
process, taken by the Government Geologist, yielded gold and silver as follows:—
No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold, a trace per ton; silver, a trace per ton.
No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 4dwts. 1gr. “ “ 2dwts. 11grs. “
No. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘‘ 4dwts. 23grs. “ “ 3dwts. 5grs. “
Count Ess of JERSEY.—Gold section 245. There are two outcrops, and the main
shaft goes down 306ft. on the underlie, 29° S. The lode varies from 3in. to 3ft. in the
214ft. level, and from 6in. to 9in. in the bottom. Walls well defined; no gold found
but in the vicinity of indicator veins. On the lesser outcrop two shafts have been
sunk. A strong cross vein runs at right angles to the strike of the main lode.
Operations have been principally in search for gold specimens. A Victorian company
worked it from 1891 to 1894. In the former year 2 tons yielded 16ozs. and 11ozs.
respectively. (Johnson.) The workings are in good order and in a condition to be
re-started at any time. . . . . ' ' ' ', - -
GoLDEN ToweR MINE.—Locality, block 247, Wadnaminga. The Government
Geologist reported in 1898. He stated that the reef runs east and west, and outcrops
GOLI). - 169
440ft., dipping south at 45° on an average. The main shaft is down 109ft. on the
underlie, which is 44° S., and 48° in the lower part. The quartz is 6in. thick near
the surface, and increases to 18in. ; walls well defined, and 3ft. to 4ft. apart. In
No. 2 shaft the lode is 18in. thick at the surface and 3in. thick at bottom, 32ft.
Quartz laminated, and contains galena and green carbonate of copper. Gold visible
in the slate casing, in the quartz, and in the travertine limestone. No. 3 shaft 41 ft.
deep, inclined, has the lode in the bottom 18in, thick, and 3in, to 6in. at the surface.
The lode looks favorable for permanency in depth and for the presence of gold, of
which metal very rich specimens were obtained in the outcrop; every inducement to
sink on the lode to a greater depth. - - -
TAYLoR’s CLAIM.–Gold section 249. Several shafts have been sunk on a quartz
outcrop, extending for a distance of 370ft. It strikes W. 30° S., and has an average
dip of 45°. The thickness of the vein varies from 3in, to 12in. The quartz is
laminated and glassy, and is associated with a calcareous and slaty formation. The
footwall is well defined. The share capital being too small to effectively work the
property, an issue of an equal number (10,000) 10s, shares was attempted in 1898,
The directors held a good opinion of the mine, and it was stated that stone treated
at Petersburg Cyanide Works in May, 1898, gave for 4 tons 16cwts., 9ozs. 16dwts.
10grs. of gold = 20zs. 0dwts. 20grs. per ton. At the end of 1898 the reported yield
was 2}ozs, per ton. - . s -
GoLDEN REcoRD (NEw GoLDEN RECQRD).-Gold section 262 (late Earl of Jersey
and Eiffel Tower). The lode strikes N.E. and S.W., and dips 15° to 24° S.E. The
veinstone, which consists of laminated and crystalized quartz, with pyrites, galena,
and iron oxides, varies from 3in, to 18in., and contains rich shoots of gold. Extra-
ordinarily rich gold has been found here, and it is reported that a parcel of ore
treated at Kapunda yielded loz. 19dwts. per ton. A vertical shaft 15ft. deep has
been sunk to the lode, which has then been worked by winzes and drives for a
distance of 90ft. Besides these workings the original Eiffel Tower Syndicate and
the Earl of Jersey Syndicate had previously sunk shafts on the inclination of this
lode to the south-westward, and a vertical shaft 110ft. to cut it. No information as
to the result of these operations is available. The lode is of small size; it con-
tains, however, rich shoots of gold, which should be followed down and prospected
at deeper levels. - -
GREAT EASTERN, BIRTHDAY, AND VIRGINIA GROUP.
The lodes have usually two well-defined walls, and vary in width from 3ft. to 5ft.,
the veinstone being sometimes on the hanging wall and sometimes on the footwall,
with occasional splits, and dip on the average 25° southerly. The indications suggest
that the lodes will be found to exist to a considerable depth ; the country rocks are
clayslates, calcareous clayslates, micaceous slates and sandstone, micaceous and argil-
laceous limestone, and massive limestone. . - -
GoLD SECTION 226. —A quartz lode extends 300ft., striking W. 10° S., and
dipping S. 28°; thickness varies from 6in. to 12in, Shallow workings and a 30ft.
sinking. No record of stone treated. - -
GREAT EASTERN.—The quartz lode just above mentioned continues across this
claim (150) for a distance of 800ft. A good deal of work has been done, and the
veinstone has been proved rich in places. It consists of quartz and iron oxides,
with traces of galena. In January, 1898, 6 tons treated at the Government
Cyanide Works yielded 10ozs. 16dwts. 9grs. of gold; February, 11 tons gave 17ozs.
9dwts. 3grs. ; and March, 4 tons 16cwts., gave 3ozs. 5dwts. 99rs, of gold. In
December, 1898, it was reported that work restarted here. It was estimated that
there was 1,200 tons of ore in the stopes suitable for treatment by battery. An
additional 20 acres was added to the area of the claim. -
NEW MILo (BIRTHDay)—The eastern lode outcrop extends 330ft. E. and W., from
2in, to 6in. thick, dipping south at a low angle. Two shafts have been sunk 30ft.
170 - MINING RECORDS.
deep on the underlie ; in the eastern shaft the lode at bottom is 12in. thick; in the
western end it is split into two veins. The western lode outcrop extends 370ft.,
dipping 20° S. There are three shafts, inclined, sunk to a considerable depth, and a
good deal of stoping has been done, some of the stone being very rich. Two samples
of quartz and pyrites taken by the Government Geologist, assayed respectively—
gold, 3ozs. 6dwts. 23grs., silver, 15dwts, 23grs ; and gold, 25ozs. 7dwts. 23grs.,
silver, 10ozs. 21grs. per ton. The mine was worked more or less regularly until
August, 1897. In July of that year a motion was carried by shareholders in the
direction of winding-up the affairs of the company. The following are official gold
returns :- - -
tons. cwts. - ozs, dwts. grs.
May, 1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ore, 15 0 gold returned, 12 10 0
“ 1893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ** 12 3 83 0 0
1893 to 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 9,460 0 “ 4,240 12 0
1893 to 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... tailings (cyanide) ſ iſ 6,138 12 0
The average value of the bullion has been £218s. 6d. per ounce. The property
is now being worked by Messrs. Deeble, Rees, and James. .
VIRGINIA MINE.—Discovered in 1890. The outcrop of the lode has been worked
out 980ft. It strikes W.S.W. and dips at low angles to the south. The veinstone
has varied from a few inches to 2ft., and consists of quartz, with iron pyrites, galena,
and carbonate of lead. A quantity of ore treated returned from 20zs. to 24 ozs. per
ton. The mine closed down in 1895. Official returns show that the ore treated in
1892 totalled 545 tons 50wts., yielding 1,490ozs. 10dwts. of gold; that a six months'
return to June, 1893, gave 62902s, 2dwts, 5grs. for 923 tons of stone, and a six
months' return to August, 1894, showed a yield of 1,0690Zs. from 1,284 tons of stone.
MISCELLANEOUS MINES.
NoFTH AND SouTH.—On block 152 a quartz lode runs N. 13° W. 300ft.,
dipping westerly 25°, and varies from a few inches to 2ft. Main shaſt 166ft.,
following the inclination of the lode. Three other shafts sunk. The mine was at
one time worked by the New Milo Gold Mining Company, and it was reported that
rich specimens of gold were found. An average of loz, per ton was returned on
treatment of a 20-ton parcel of ore by the Milo battery.
GoLD SECTION 264. —Situated in the Wadnaminga group, and held by Dr.
Shanahan, who was raising ore, and had 25 tons at grass at the end of 1898.
FRENCHMAN LoDE.—Gold sections 154 and 155. The main outcrop is traceable
560ft.; average thickness, 1ſt., but in one place 10ft., where apparently there are
two or three separate veins. The lode is favorable for gold. There are other veins
on the block worth prospecting. -
JoBN BULL CLAIMS (Dixon's).-Numerous prospecting pits and shafts have been
sunk here on quartz and ironstone veins, which are of a character favorable to the
occurrence, of gold; the locality is a likely one for the surface prospector.
SouTH AUSTRALIAN BROKEN HILL. —At these old workings there are shallow
vertical and inclined shafts on veinstone and lode formation, consisting of laminated
quartz, oxides of iron, gossan, and carbonate of iron, containing galena, carbonate of
lead, and copper ore. The lode is small and irregular. Three assay samples taken
returned—(1) 19dwts. 14grs. gold and 17ozs. 1dwt. 9grs. silver; (2) Idwt. 8grs.
gold and 6dwts. 20grs. silver; (3) 3dwts. 6grs. gold and loz. 1dwt. 20grs. silver
per ton. Samples of carbonate of lead returned silver at the rate of 360Z. 11dwts.,
420zs., 8ozs. 10dwts., 8ozs., and 11ozs. respectively per ton, besides a trace of gold.
The silver ore seems to have run out in depth. It is possible that the lode may
increase in size at a greater depth ; it is worth further prospecting.
OLD Work INGs.-There is a strong lode outcrop of hematite, limonite, quartz,
and other siliceous veinstone south of No. 261, the thickness varying from 2ft, to 4ft.
Samples assayed showed a trace of gold only. Deeper prospecting required.
..GOLD. - 171
KLEM’s CLAIMs.—These are situated in a range running across the corner of the
goldfield reserve. Shafts have been sunk on a siliceous, calcareous, and ferruginous
formation, containing carbonate of iron, quartz, and galena. An assay gave a
trace of gold, and silver 190Zs. 5dwts. 11 grs. per ton. - . . . .
NoFTH-EASTERN SYNDICATE. – On the claim held prospecting was proceeding on
a lode 1 ft. to 2ft. thick, well-defined, resembling in composition the large indicator
vein on the Countess of Jersey Mine. A sample of the pyrites gave of gold a trace,
and of silver 4dwts. 21grs. per ton. - -
SMITH's.—Situated near the Gorge, south of Wadnaminga. A sample taken from
a vein of brown iron ore assayed— gold, 14dwts. ; silver, 8dwts. per ton. Surface
gold would probably be found in this locality. . :
GoLDEN WHISTLE.—It was reported in the Register of March 4th, 1895, that a
new discovery had been made at the western end of the field, and that gold showed
plentifully in all the specimens taken out.
There are two batteries on the field, viz.:-The New Milo battery of ten stamps,
with cyanide vats, &c., and the Countess of Jersey, of ten stamps, with berdan pans.
The New Milo battery is situated on gold section 225. The tailings collected
during the time it has been at work are now being treated by the cyanide process.
Water for crushing purposes is pumped from a well half a mile south west of the
battery. Water is also procured from the mine for that purpose. The Countess of
Jersey battery, situated about three-quarters of a mile westerly from the township,
has not been at work for some years. An excavated dam and a well have been sunk
to provide water for crushing; these are still in good order, and water is obtainable
from the latter. The Virginia battery, which was erected on gold section 207, has
been removed. ' ' ". -
Gold has been obtained from alluvial gullies and surfacing at several places along
the Eiffel Tower and Victoria Tower group of lodes, viz., on gold sections 153, 156,
221, 236, 243, 248, 26.1, 262, 265, 266, and westward along the same range of hills.
Except where the gullies are narrow and well defined, it has only been found in
small and not payable quantities. This is doubtless owing to the wide extent of the
alluvial flats and plains rendering it a difficult matter for prospectors to locate and
follow the “runs" of gold which there is every reason to infer exist beneath
them. . . .
The number of auriferous quartz lodes on the Wadnaminga Goldfield so far
opened is large ; as a general rule, although small in size, they are persistent in dip
and strike, and have well-defined walls. So far as followed down they have in no
instance been found to die out ; in some cases they have thinned out considerably,
but this thinning out may be, and most probably is, only a temporary falling off in
thickness, and should not discourage prospecting at greater depths. The auriferous
specimens found from time to time in many of these lodes have been unusually rich,
and are sufficiently encouraging to warrant more energetic and systematic prospecting
and mining.
With the exception of the New Milo and Virginia, none of the mines hithert
opened up can be said to have been systematically worked.
Warden Gold Mine.—Locality, near the Warrina Railway Station. A dis-
covery was made by the Government Prospecting Party in 1898. , ºr
The Government Geologist, in 1894, reported favorably of the Mount Denison
and Mount Margaret Ranges country, and his opinion has been confirmed by this
and other discoveries. - - - - - - - -
172 MINING RECORDS.
Waterloo Claim.—The Inspector of Mines visited this claim in May, 1889,
and reported that two shafts had been sunk on section 4232, near Hahndorf. A
strong quartzite reef contains a fair percentage of slightly auriferous pyrites. The
hanging wall is sandstone and the foot wall slate, both walls well defined. -
Waterfall Gully.—The Inspector of Mines in November, 1894, inspected a
large quartz lode outcropping and traversing sections 985 and 1115, and striking
S. 10° W. A private assay certificate showed a return of 5ozs. 4dwts. 12grs. of fine
gold and 10Z. 6dwts. of silver per ton of ore. . . . . . . .
Woodhouse Estate.—The report upon sections 1150 and 1151, Onkaparinga,
in 1890 expressed the opinion of the Inspector of Mines that there was no gold in
the samples tested. (See SILVER.) -
Watervale.—In July, 1896, a newspaper correspondent stated that an auriferous
discovery had been made near Hoyleton, from which assays of from 8ozs. to 12ozs.
of gold per ton were obtained. A little later this was contradicted as false and mis-
leading, and that the discovery was at a place near Watervale, bulk assays giving
only 2dwts, per ton. The locality was hilly, and numerous quartz and ironstone reefs
traverse the district. The Government Geologist reported in 1897 that four shafts
had been sunk on an ironstone formation running north and south, and having no
defined walls. Quartz outcrops in the vicinity, and the rocks are favorable to auri-
ferous deposits, though not necessarily in a payable quantity. He was of opinion
that the prospects did not justify further shaft-sinking. .
West Alma Gold Mining Company.—Gold mining leases No. 437A
and 552, Waukaringa, adjoining the Alma Fºxtended and the Day Dawn, and contain
eighty acres held on a twenty-one years' Crown lease. There is a lode running east
and west, 3ft. wide, consisting of quartz intermixed with ironstone, and two shafts
following the underlie of the lode have been put down, one 343ft. and the other 70ft.
The country rock is sandstone. The manager reports that sinking the deeper shaft
has been suspended pending the erection of machinery to cope with the water, but
at the bottom the lode had considerably improved, and was 4ft. thick. The amount
spent on plant and construction to date is £469 15s. 5d., and wages and material
£1,738 11s. 4d. ; total, £2,148 6s. 9d. (March, 1890.) Since then it has ceased
working.
Wickham Hills.--Wm. Porteus assisted in sinking three shafts in the Wick-
ham Hills, in a search for a deep lead. One was put down 57ft.; a second, half a mile
from the first, was sunk to 63ft., a d bottomed on hard rock, dipping at an angle of
45°. Between these two a third shaft was sunk to the water-level at 107 ft., but not
bottomed. Small quantitities of gold were found in shallow sinking on the sides of
the hills; the discovery has not been followed up. h
Winnininnie Gold and Silver Proprietary Company.—The pro-
perty held consisted of 24 gold claims, 14 miles from Mannahill Railway Station,
formerly known as the Railway and Shepherd’s claims. The company erected an
Astra or Chilian mill. A good deal of costeaning and stoping was done on an
outcrop, and the result obtained was good, some of the reef yielding at the rate of
7ozs. to the ton. The reef has a very low angle, following the bed of the strata, 15°
to 20°. (1889.) - -
West Waukaringa.-Situated three miles west from the Alma. A con-
siderable quantity of work has been done, and the Inspector of Mines reported in 1889
that the regularity of the reef formation and its proved gold-bearing character
warranted testing the property at greater depth. T - 1 - -
woman in white Mine (Mount Cultalga).-Situated one mile and a
half south of old Boolcoomata Station. The lode is very large, and consists of a
GOLD, . 173
quartzose, feldspathic, ferruginous veinstone, often stained with carbonate of copper.
ſts width is unknown, as no walls or junction with the bedrock have been observed.
The workings consist of an excavation from 30ft. to 40ft, wide, and from 20ft, to 30ft.
deep, from which has come about 1,000 tons of stone for crushing. The yield of
gold per ton has varied from 8dwts. to 17dwts. In addition to the excavation, several
prospecting holes have been sunk along the line of reef. The water-level is about
70ft. from the surface. The gold is fine, and is disseminated through the veinstone,
which, besides being stained with carbonate of copper, often carries copper pyrites.
The bedrock consists of metamorphic, micaceous, and hornblendic gneissic schists,
traversed by coarse granite dykes. In the vicinity of the workings there is a mass
of diorite and micaceous diorite. A further exploration is desirable, as there is
good reason to suppose that payable gold will be met with. (1887.) At a later
period the Inspector of Mines reported that the general appearance of the lode matrix
was similar to the richer portions of the reef exposed in the Alma and Victoria
Mine, and that it was a fair prospect, worthy of a full test. A feature in this
mine was the occurrence of native copper in the country rock. The proprietors
considered that 6dwts. of gold per ton would pay, with sufficient water. -
Womma Gold Mining Syndicate.—Six claims situated at Wonna, about
16 miles from Terowie. (See GoLDEN PoſNT CLAIM.)
THE wooDSIDE MINEs.
BIRD-IN-HAND MINE.—Situation, section 5278, Onkaparinga; 59 acres held on
lease 50 years. It has three lodes bearing 10° east of north, with an underlie of 40°
east. Their width varies from 1ſt. to 8ft. The country rock consists of decomposed
schist, with bands of sandstone, and the veinstone associated with the metallic
minerals is quartz. Seven shafts have been sunk, one to a depth of 84lft. ; the
drives and levels extend for about 4,000ft. in length. The water-level was reached at
90ft. The quantity of stone raised equals 17,014 tons, and the smelted gold obtained
6,07902s., of the value of £18,642 15s. Stone taken from the stopes between the
210ft. and 275ft. level gave 1,544ozs. of smelted gold from 3, 183 tons of quartz.
The gold appears in shoots apparently perpendicular to the vein. This mine was
being worked in 1887, and machinery consisting of a 50-inch cylinder beam-engine,
and 18-in. pumps, had recently been erected. The Inspector of Mines in 1889
reported that the mine had produced since starting 8,8600Zs. of gold by the treat-
ment of 21,000 tons of lode formation, that from the bottom level producing on an
average 13dwts, per ton. The mine was comparatively speaking shallow, and there
was encouragement in the fact that the length of payable ground increased with the
depth attained. Only one of three parallel reefs had been worked to any extent;
and there was not the slightest doubt of permanency; they should be worked
profitably down to a depth of 2,000ft. The Victoria shaft should be continued
down to 600ft. before the reef was touched. Mr. Scarfe, the secretary, supplied the
following information :-The Victoria vertical shaft is 350ft., main shaft vertical
410ft., and others of shallower depth, part on the underlie. The length of drives
is about 5,500ft. The gold occurs in shoots, and 21,487 tons of material treated
gave 9,017ozs, smelted gold. The value of the machinery on the mine is estimated
to be £17,271, and of the gold raised £26,408 0s. 7d. Work partially stopped
pending reconstruction of the company. (1890.) The Government Geologist
inspected the property in March, 1897, and noted the great width of the reef-4ft.
to 8ft.—its friable nature, and the length of the shoot of auriferous quartz, which
appeared to be increasing as depth was made. The average of 13dwts. 5grs. per
ton from 4,453 tons might be taken as a fair indication of the value of the reef
unworked below the 350ft. level. Continued sinking of the Victoria shaft, and
opening levels at each 100ft. is essential for development, and with economic mining,
and employment of the most improved method of extraction of gold, the mine should
become payable. In June, 1897, the Woodside Consolidation Syndicate for a time.
ceased working here, pending definite arrangements for fully manning the mine,
174 MINING RECORDS.
BIRD-1N-HAND EXTENDED MINE,-Locality, section 5250, hundred of Onka-
paringa, two and a half miles east from Woodside. It was opened many years ago,
but owing to want of funds the work was discontinued. Gold was frequently seen
in the stone, but none of it was crushed. There is one lode with a north and south
bearing and underlie; it is 20ft. wide, and is a continuation of the reef in the Bird-
in-Hand property. The ore is ferruginous quartz, which on assay yielded at the rate of
17dwts. to 1 oz. of gold per ton. It occurs in a large broken reef, consolidating under
foot; about 50 tons of ore was raised. The workings consist of one shaft sunk to a
depth of 100ft., and drives extending 250ft. This mine was not being worked at the
date of the last edition of the “Record.” - -
BRIND MINE.- Locality, west side of section No. 5256, hundred of Onkaparinga,
adjoining the Bird-in-Hand Mine. The reef at the south end is 6ft. thick, and con-
sists of white quartz, enclosing pyrites and some carbonate of lead in cavities. It
strikes a little west of north and dips E, 25° N. at an angle of 57°. A shaft was
sunk to a depth of 38ſt. A portion of the surface was sluiced to a depth of 3ft., and
50ozs. of gold obtained. This included nuggets—among them one of 16ozs., and
others of 9ozs., 7ozs., 5ozs., and 4ozs. (1887.)
EUREKA MINE is on section 5259, hundred of Onkaparinga. It contains one lode
bearing 24° W. of north and underlying 42° E. It is 6ft. wide and carries gold
in quartz. The country rock consists of sandy schist, with bands of sandstone and
dioritic slate. Four shafts were sunk, one of which is on the underlie of the reef,
and is 229ft. deep. The drives and levels extend a distance of 500ft. The water-
level was reached at 47ft. The ore occurs in shoots dipping slightly north. The
stone containing free gold was treated by battery, and yielded an average of 12dwts.
of gold per ton; but the reef, as it continues in depth, developed galena, blende, iron
and copper pyrites. These yielded on assay from 202s, to 3ozs. of gold, and from
5ozs. to 10ozs. of silver to the ton. Owing to the mine not having been regularly
worked it is impossible to give the quantity or value of the stone raised in past times,
(1887.) In 1894 the Eureka was taken up by an Adelaide syndicate, who sent stone
and mullock for battery treatment, with, it was said, satisfactory results.
FountAIN HEAD MINE is on section 5241, hundred of Onkaparinga. A vertical
shaft was sunk 92ft , and at 74ft. a reef was struck. This, it was reported, gave
rich prospects of gold, but, an influx of water stopped the work. An underlie shaft
was sunk on the same reef 27ft., and gold was found in the stone; two other shafts
were sunk to depths of 85ft. and 42ft. respectively. The quartz is cellular, and
contains iron pyrites; gold is visible on crushing, and also in the quartz. The width
of the reef is about 2.ft. 6in. An assay of a sample of the quartz, in which gold was
not visible, yielded gold at the rate of loz. 6dwts. 3grs. per ton. (1883.)
MERCHANT's PRoPERTY-Section 214, Onkaparinga. In 1890 the Inspector of
Mines reported that he found that there was a 3ft. lode of quartz, pyrites, and barite
outcropping at the base of a high hill, strike east and west, dip north, and that a
certificate of assay showed 7dwts, of gold per ton. From another large lode it was
alleged that 10dwts, of gold per ton were obtained; but the Government assay gave
no return from either place. The Inspector thought the locality should be tried for
alluvial gold. . . . . . - - - .
MINT MINE is on section 5259, hundred of Onkaparinga. It contains one lode
bearing N.W., having an underlie of one in two to the N.E. The width varies from
lft. to 3ft. Auriferous quartz occurs in patches, but a little fine gold is distributed
through the mass of the ore. The average yield of gold from 30 tons was about
4dwts. per ton, exclusive of specimens obtained. The workings consist of two
underlie shafts, the deepest about 60ft., and a drive 20ft. in length. Water-level,
is at 55ft. Very rich specimens were found in this mine at a depth of 40ft. on the
footwall of the reef. They were lying on a ledge formed by the rock, Some of
them contained as much gold as quartz, - . . . . .
GOLD, . . . 175
MoUNT CHARLEs.-Situated near Woodside. Some shallow excavations have
been made in quartz reefs in this neighborhood, but so far as can be ascertained no
quartz was crushed or gold obtained.
NEST-EGG MINE is on section 5297, hundred of Onkaparinga. A shaft was sunk
52ft. on a quartz vein about 4ft. wide. A vertical shaft, 84ft., in the direction of
the underlie, was also sunk to 50ft., and connected with the first shaft by a drive,
This passed through two other quartz veins. A main shaft was sunk 120ft. to strike
the reef on the underlie. Owing to the quantity of water met with in sinking,
operations had to be suspended. The underlie of the Fountain Head reef would
probably be met with in sinking.
NEw EcLIPSE.-A claim near Oakbank. A trial crushing was reported in
September, 1897, the parcel being 4 tons 7cwts., and the yield equal to 13 ozs. to
the ton. The stone was taken from a well-defined reef at a depth of 20ft. from
surface. A recent crushing gave a return of 10Z. 0dwt. 7grs. per ton. - l
NEw ERA GoI.D. MINE.-Situated on part sections 5263 and 5267, hundred of
Onkaparinga, about two and a half miles from Woodside. There is one main reef
bearing north and south, and two spurs bearing to the north-east. The underlie is,
1ft. in 3ft. to the east, and the width varies from 6ft. to 20ft. The stone consists of
auriferous quartz, highly ferruginous, and has yielded 4dwts, to 8ozs. of gold to the
ton. About 14,000 tons of stone were raised and crushed, yielding gold to the value
of £18,500. The veinstone associated with the metallic minerals is ferruginous
silica, and the country rock consists of pipeclay, mica schist, sandstones, and diorite.
The gold occurs in patches, but fine gold is distributed through the whole width of .
the stone, and in some places is found in the surrounding country. The best shoot
is where the spur reef joins the main north and south reef, and dips to the north
about 5ft. in 100ft. One vertical and six underlie ' shafts have been sunk, the
deepest being 120ft. There are two drives —one of 920ft. at the 112ft. level, and
one of 100ft. at the 50ft, level. Water-level, 50ft. (1887.) Subsequently two
crushings of stone yielded 428ozs, 14 dwts. 12grs. of gold. The following particulars
were furnished by the manager :—There is one lode, striking nearly north and south,
averaging about 10ft. thick. No. 1 shaft is 180ft, deep, and No. 2 is down 90ft.,
both vertical, and there is a tunnel driven 700ft. from a creek making the 112ft.
level. The matrix of the ore is a much-jointed ferruginous silica, and the country
sandy slate and diorite. The ore carried is an iron oxide, with occasional patches
of oxide and carbonate of bismuth, in which the gold is richer. When this mine
was first opened 30 tons of the stone gave 83ozs. to the ton, and 160 tons 3}ozs. to
the ton. Then the whole width of stone, sometimes 30ft. across, was put through.
for an average yield of 10dwts. The lode was stoped to the 112ft. level, when the
water became very heavy; and after sinking to 180ft. work had to be stopped
because of inadequate pumping appliances. In 1895 this mine was again worked,
when it was stated that ore was being taken from a lºde 8ft. wide, striking nearly
north and south. Payable results were being obtained from the ore by cyanide
treatment. The lode is a true fissure vein, and has been proved auriferous for a
length of 700ft.
NEW ERA South—Situated between the New Era and Two-in-the-Bush Mines.
Work was commenced about June, 1895. -
NEw VENTURE is on section 5260. Some work was done in driving tunnels, but
no gold was found. - -
PARLIAMENTARY CLAIM.–Locality, sections 5050 and 5051. A number of
shallow openings have been made. Near the reef there was a run of surface gold
10 yards wide, going #gr. to the dish. - - . .
Ridge Gold MINE is situated on part section 5249, hundred of Onkaparinga,
south of the Bird-in-Hand Mine. There are three lodes bearing 10° east of north,
with an underlie of 40° east, varying in width from 1ſt, to 16ft. The country rock
176 MINING RECORDS.
consists of decomposed schist and sandstone, and the veinstone associated with the
metallic mineral is quartz. Five shafts have been sunk, the deepest being 140ft.
The main shaft was sunk to a depth of 120ft. vertical, but had to be abandoned
in consequence of quicksand being met with. Water-level, 45ft. Drives and levels
have been made to a total length of about 1,700ft. Two thousand five hundred tons
of stone has been raised, yielding 380ozs, of smelted gold, valued at over £1,213. The
crushings, however, at this mine were trial crushings and intermittent. The gold
occurs in shoots. (1887.) The Inspector of Mines (1889) reported that, judging
from the nature of the stone and character of the battery, whilst 4dwts. of gold per
ton had been saved, double that quantity had been lost in the tailings. There was
thousands of tons of auriferous quartz in sight. If anything like 90 per cent, of the
actual gold in the stone could be secured the greater portion of the reef would pay
for stoping, and a large number of men should be profitably employed. Mr. Scarfe,
the secretary, stated that this property had the Bird-in-Hand, Brind, and Fureka
reefs, and the widths varied from 1 ft. to 16ft. The deepest shaft was 210ft., and
1,700ft, represented the total extent of drives, Pyrites exist at lowest level, and
sº
3750zš. of smelted gold was obtained from 2,116 tons of crushed quartz.
Two-IN-THE-BUSH MINE is on part section 5261, hundred of Onkaparinga.
There is one lode, bearing 10° east of north, with an underlie of 40° east. The
width varies from 13ft. to 18 ft. The country rock consists of decomposed schist and
sandstone, and quartz is the veinstone associated with the metallic minerals. Three
shafts were sunk, the deepest of which was 265ft. vertical. Trives and levels
measuring about 1,000ft. in all had been made. Water-level, 100ft. From 2,198 tons
of stone 3860Zs. of smelted gold, valued at over £1,130, had been obtained. The
crushings on this mine had been trial ones, and intermittent. The principal work done
was the sinking of the main shaft, and an endeavor to open up the ground at the
deepest possible point that could be drained by the pumps. Mr. Scarfe, the
secretary, reported that the drainage of the mine, being affected by the pumping
operations at the Bird-in-Hand Mine, further work was deferred pending the success-
ful development of that enterprise. r - -
Woods IDE GoI.D. MINING CoMPANY.—A syndicate in 1895 acquired the Bird-in-
Hand and Ridge mines and land on which a mine called the New Era South was being
started. Costeaning was commenced on the latter to pick up the New Era reef, and
3,000 tons of Ridge tailings and 10,000 to 12,000 tons of Bird-in-Hand tailings and
slimes were to be treated. -
Woodside Consor.IDATION SYN picATE.—In 1897 an English Syndicate, it was
reported, had acquired an option over 2,694 acres of auriferous country round
Woodside, some of the mines being the Bird-in-Hand, New Era, Bird-in-Hand
Extended, Ridge, Nest-Egg, Fountain Head, Two-in-the-Bush, Eureka, Mint, and
New Venture. Operations were commenced on the two mines first enumerated.
There were sanguine anticipations that the venture would prove profitable.
Walter Gold Mine.—Situated a mile and a half north from Walparuta
Springs, Outalpa. In June, 1895, the Inspector of Mines reported on the property
held, three 20-acre leases. A vein composed of ferruginous quartz with pyrites in
small quantity, 3in, to 15in. wide, had been opened by a shaft 30ft. deep. . It was
reported that stone from the surface assayed 202s, to 3ozs, per ton; samples from
the stone taken from the shaft for test by the Government Assayer gave 1 dwt. gold
and I dwt. of silver per ton. In July, 1897, the Goldfields Warden brought for test
two samples from the bottom of one of the shafts, which assayed respectively 70Z.
6dwts, and 4ozs. 13dwts. of gold perton. The mine was being worked by & Laura
syndicate, Three shafts have been sunk, . . . . . . .
GOLD. - 177.
Yudnamutana Gold Discovery.—Near the Yudnamutana Mine the
gravel and detritus has been worked to a slight extent for gold. Gold is also found
here and there in the creeks and watercourses; but the work done simply consists of
some very shallow holes and surfacing. But the last-named operation is difficult,
owing to the creek beds and flats being filled with boulders. Prospecting might be
carried on with advantage lower down the creeks, where they become less steep.
This discovery is believed to have been made by a Government prospecting party
about the year 1874. s
Mines respecting which no information has been received:—
BLUE STAR.—TEETULPA.
BLAIR ATHol.–In the Wadnaminga group of mines.
DUNN's GULLY. —An alluvial claim at Waukaringa; was worked in 1895.
ELEANOR CLAIM.–BLUMBERG. .
GoIDEN CRow SYNDICATE-Locality, Blumberg reefs.
GoLDEN GATE MINE-Near to Reedy Creek Mine.
GREY DAwn MINE.—Near Golden Slope West Mine, Mount Pleasant.
HAY WALLEY GoLD MINING SYNDicATE–Mineral lease section 5301, a mile
and a half north-east of Nairne.
KUITPo Gold MINING SYNdicate—Formed to work 10 quartz claims at
Hahndorf. No records.
Mons AUREUs GoID AND SILVER MINING SYNDICATE.—Property, 200 acres
mineral land, near Petersburg. No records.
NEw WEST WAUKARINGA GoLD MINING CoMPANY.—Gold-mining lease of
section 550, 20 acres, Waukaringa. No records. - ;
OLD NAIRNE Consols.—Situated about three miles N.E. from Nairne,
PALMER MINE-Adjoining Reedy Creek Mine.
Parr's CLAIM—Near Lux Mine. -
QUEEN MINE. – Situated on section 3851, Kuitpo.
RosBBERY GoLD MINING Co.—Sixteen quartz claims near Mannahill. No par- -
ticulars to hand. (1888.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SouTH AUSTRALIAN MoUNT MURGAN GoLD MINING Comp ANY. —No information.
SouTH REEDY CREEK MINE.-Adjoining Reedy Creek Mine. No records.
STIRLING REEE Company—No records of work done, but the company was in
existence about 1872.
TAMBanooga LINE of Reefs, situated near Hahndorf, were worked in the year .
1872, but there are no records extant. - -
M
178 MINING RECORDS.
J ohnson's Gully.—Ten miles north of Waukaringa. Found in 1894. An
ounce of coarse gold was obtained from six buckets of washdirt, and nuggets from
a few grains to 3dwt.s. were secured. Twenty diggers were at work. In March,
1895, the Inspector of Mines found 44 men there, one of whom stated he was getting
an ounce per diem, whilst others were barely making a living.
An alluvial discovery was made, in 1891, adjoining the Buttamuk Mine, near
Oodla Wirra. Fairly coarse gold was washed out in the creek.
In a report (1894) on the Peake and Dennison Ranges, the Government Geologist
directed attention to localities worth prospecting, instancing a branch of the Anna
Creek (where colors up to half a grain in weight were obtained), the heads of the
Douglas and Davenport Creeks, eight to 10 miles south from Mount Margaret, a
gully near Springs, Coppertop Hill, Peake Creek, and areas covered with quartz
gravel drift from that creek to some distance N.W. of Mount Kingston North. The
deep ground auriferous gravel deposits should be tested. .
Alluvial gold has been found in the vicinity of the old Kohinoor Mine, Kangaroo
Island. - . -
At Dawe's Diggings, on the Eleanor river, about eight miles beyond Mount
Pleasant, Kangaroo Island, holes have been sunk for a distance of one and a quarter
miles in the alluvial flats and the rising ground. Gold occurs in the washdirt,
associated with rutile and zircon. An older drift deposit or tertiary lead has been
found in some of the holes. A more thorough test of the field by some experienced
diggers appears desirable. About a mile below these diggings colors of gold have
been obtained, and as the river flat is narrower, it would be a much easier place to
thoroughly prospect. It was stated that colors could be obtained for miles round,
and diggers were of opinion that heavy gold would be found. -
On the Government Reserve, near P. Hynes' residence, good alluvial gold WaS
found in 1897, including a nugget weighing 3ozs. 11dwts, of pure gold. (Advertiser,
May 5th). 4.4 - - - -
In 1894, a number of men were testing Boolyeroo for alluvial with moderate
success. - - .
At BLUMBERG in March, 1895, diggers were still getting gold in the bed of the
river. . . - - - .
On SECTIons 1573, ABORIGINAL ResERVE, and 6842, TALUNGA, alluvial gold
has been found.
Gold has been obtained from alluvial gullies and surfacing at several places along
the EIFFEL ToweR and VICTORIA ToweR group of lodes, viz., on gold sections 153,
156, 221, 236, 243, 248, 261, 262, 265, and 266, and westward along the same range
of hills, but, excepting in narrow well-defined gullies, not in payable quantities. .
. At WALLACE's GULLY alluvial was worked for six months by the discoverer
alone before the place was known to other prospectors. It was said that he got
nearly 100ozs. in that period, the bulk being nice rough gold of a superior quality,
and that the largest nugget weighed a little less than 20Zs. -
BISMUTH. 179
B|SMUTH,
Balhannah Mine.—(See under GoLD.)
Daly and Stanley.—No information.
Mount MacDonald Mine. —Locality, Freeling Heights, N.E. from Yudna-
mutana. There are four lodes, striking east and west, only one being worked upon
at present. (1890.) Three shallow shafts have been put down, following the dip
of the lode, which is 9tt. wide, without walls, and contains oxide and carbonate of
bismuth, associated with carbonate of copper. Yield of bismuth, 19 per cent. to 60
per cent., and of copper, 20 per cent.—(A. Frost.) The secretary stated that three
bags of ore weighing 4cwts. 1gr., which were forwarded through Messrs. Harrold
Bros. to the Royal Works, at Oberschelma, realised 500 marks, say equal to £24 10s.
This is now called the Prince Albert Gold, Silver, and Bismuth Mine (see GoLD
section), and it was stated that in 1895 the prospectors obtained as high an assay as
51 per cent. of bismuth, besides gold and silver. In 1890 the Inspector of Mines
reported to the effect that this mine had been worked at intervals for years for copper,
there being a large lode formation of spar and carbonate of copper in irregular blocks.
The bismuth was found as a carbonate near the surface, but became a sulphide a few
feet down, and was distributed throughout the lode formation, to the extent of
about 2 per cent., and with rough hand-picking give 33 per cent. of metallic bismuth,
worth at that time 11s. per pound.
Murninnie Mine, containing bismuth and copper, is situated on the western
shore of Spencer's Gulf, six miles inland. It is 64 miles south from Port Augusta,
and 136 miles north from Port Lincoln. There are five lodes bearing north and
south, with little underlie. In width they vary from lift. to 10ft., and the ores they
contain are bismuth, copper, nickel, silver, and cobalt. The percentage of bismuth
varies from 18 to 79, copper 10 to 20. The country rocks consist of quartz, iron-
stone, decomposed slate, and hard slate.. Near the adit in the gully there is a
little granite. Six shafts have been sunk, one to the depth of 30 fathoms, and two
drives have been put in a distance of about 100ft. each. About 1,000 tons of ore have
been raised, which is stated to have been worth about £44 per ton in its natural state.
The first indications of ore was found in a large block on the surface. The lode was
then followed down for 12 fathoms at an angle of 45°, and at that depth a pocket was
found containing 60 tons of ore. The winze below the pocket carried a lode 5ft.
wide for a distance of 10 fathoms, then came a shoot of about 40 tons. (1890.)
Murninnie Bismuth and Copper Company.—No records.
180 MINING RECORDS.
BITUMEN.
An alleged discovery of bitumen and mineral oil on the sea beach at the mouth of
the Glenelg river and westward was reported upon by the Government Geologist in
July, 1898. He stated that no traces of bitumen could be detected on the beach,
and the lumps previously found were probably erratic fragments washed up from
sources at present unknown, like those found along the coasts of Kangaroo Island,
Yorke Peninsula, and Port Lincoln. As to the presence of mineral oil, suggested by
the local discoloration of the sea at the place visited, analysis showed that there was
no mineral oil or trace of bitumen present, but finely comminuted seaweed, causing
the appearance of a scum. . - -
Similar discoveries have been reported from time to time in other localities, but up
to the present there has been nothing found suggesting the existence of true deposits
of this nature. - -
COORONGITE, OR AUSTRALIAN
CAOUTCHOUC.
This is an indiarubber-like material, which was discovered many years ago not far
from the Salt Creek, which empties itself into the Coorong, a saltwater inlet extending
from the Murray Mouth for about 90 miles parallel to and a short distance from the
coast. It was first observed on the surface in little hollows in the sand on a run
held by Mr. Gall, and resembled patches of dry leather; it generally occurred in
swamps. The theory formed was that this, substance had resulted from the overflow
of petroleum or rock oil, and boring operations have since been conducted at various
periods, with the view of tapping the oil-bearing strata from which this peculiar
substance was supposed to have exuded. The greatest depth of bore attained was
somewhere about 500ft., and so far as is known the beds passed through were tertiary
sands, clays, and limestones, resting on blue clay slate. An English company
imported boring machinery from America, with a view of renewing the search for
rock oil; and after spending £3,000 (the greater portion of which was paid for inci-
dental expenses) gave up the quest. Mr. T. U. Scrutton for many years has given
enthusiastic attention to the subject, but has not succeeded in inducing capitalists to
adventure upon a scientific search. There is a wide difference of opinion as to the
origin of the “coorongite,” some scientific authorities in England and America
ascribing it to a vegetable origin, regarding it as a gum which has exuded from a
plant or lichen; whilst others assign to it a subterranean origin. The point remains
at present officially undetermined. - - -
There have been other discoveries which have led to some hope of finding
petroleum, but so far on investigation there has been no substantial evidence of its
existence in any quantity. Thus in 1897 the Advertiser of September 25th stated
that at Ethel's Cove, three and a half miles from Normanville, a large body of
kerosene shale, “simply saturated with oil,” had been found, the hill, 450ft. high,
being “one mass of this shale.” We have heard nothing further of this. Again it
was stated (March, 1898) that petroleum oil had been discovered at D’Estre Bay,
Kangaroo Island, and a company was formed to work the claim. In 1896 it was
reported that petroleum had been found oozing from a swamp in the hundred of
Kongorong, near the sea coast. So far as we are aware, nothing has resulted from
these discoveries.
COBALT AND NICKEL. 181
COBALT AND NICKEL,
Both these metals occur associated with gold in ferro-calcite veins at NICHOL's
Nob, near Mount Lyndhurst. The minerals containing them include smaltite
(composition: nickel, cobalt, and arsenic), gersdorffite (nickel, sulphur and arsenic),
and erythrite (oxide of cobalt and arsenic).
Ullmanite (composition : nickel, antimony, and sulphur) occurs at GILI's BLUEF,
near Mount Lyndhurst, and 36 miles S.E. of Farina Railway Station, in thin veins of
ferro-calcite traversing hard calcareous flags. On being analysed it was found to
contain a fair percentage of nickel. An assay by the Government Assayer gave :-
Nickel, 24 per cent.; antimony, 54 per cent. No veins have yet been found of
sufficient size to be worked profitably, (1888.) -
CARTOPo CREEK, near the Burra,_Some mineral leases have been taken up here
to search for cobalt. Several shallow tunnels and holes have been excavated in soft
argillaceous and kaolinised sandstone, with limestone bands. The strike is north
and south. (1887.)
Cobalt has also been searched for at GUM CREEK, near the Burra, and is found
elsewhere in many of the manganese ores, but not in payable quantities.
An Olary correspondent of the Register announced in May, 1897, that a lode had
been discovered at an unnamed place 29 miles distant, which carried “a high
percentage of cobalt and nickel,” and that assays at Port Adelaide had yielded 18
per cent. cobalt, 7 per cent, nickel, and 23 dwts. of gold per ton.
CoBALT discovery near Willowie, three miles north from Mount Remarkable,
which has not been worked. (Conservator of Forests.)
Flinders Range Cobalt, Nickel, Silver, and Copper Mine.—
This is a mineral licence for 80 acres, two miles from Blinnman Mine, where there are
six lodes, two striking north and south, and four east and west, of varying widths
up to 10ft. and 11 ft. A shaft 35ft. deep follows the dip of the lode, and there is a
drive put in north 18ft. The lodes yielded by analysis cobalt, nickel, silver, copper,
and a small quantity of gold. The north and south lode yielded about 2 tons per
fathom, and the east and west lode 3 tons. (Captain Doble, Blinman, 1890.)
Lobethal.-Within half a mile of this township a mine of cobalt and silver is
said to exist. The lode runs north and south, and is composed of iron, gossan,
quartz, and mundic. (1867.)
Mount Ogilvie West.—The ore here is said to carry 4% per cent. of nickel,
and half per cent of bismuth, and a trace of cobalt. - - - -
Nickel Mining Company.—The Mine Inspector reported in October, 1890,
that this company held 80 acres at Mount Ogilvie. From the surface down to 7ft. a
vein had changed from quartz to a soft calcareous formation, from which 2 tons of
nickel ore averaged 20 per cent. of nickel and about 5 per cent. of cobalt ; another
2 tons, which would return 5 per cent. of nickel and 1% per cent. of cobalt had.
been raised. The vein had been cut in both shafts. - -
Young’s Cobalt Claims.-These are situated near the township of South
Blinman, between the Blinman and the Wheal Friendship Mines. The Inspector of
Mines stated that he examined, the claims on the 18th February, 1890, and found
several tons of ore at grass; cobalt, ditto, with silver and copper. The outcrops of
the lodes show copper intermixed with iron and quartz, the cobalt being found in
nodules near the intersections of two lodes, the ore—erythrite arseniate of cobalt-
being seen in each. It is of peach-red color, varying to greenish grey. This form
182 MINING RECORDS.
of ore is the result of decomposition of other cobalt ores, and suggests the possibility
that this mineral will carry down to depth. One per cent. cobalt ore would pay well,
the samples from ores at grass assaying at the rate of 6 per cent. cobalt and 12
per cent. copper. On these claims there are also several good copper prospects,
and silver has also been found. A full assay has been furnished by the Government
Assayer: No. 1 sample, 6% per cent. copper, 11:72 per cent. cobalt, 20zs. 12dwts.
silver per ton; (2) 28 per cent, copper, 1.46 per cent, cobalt, 6 per cent, nickel;
(3) 14; per cent. copper, 1-15 per cent. cobalt, 3ozs. 5dwts. silver per ton;
(4) 73 per cent. copper, 4.89 per cent. cobalt. The Inspector of Mines reported in
1891 that the vein was 1ſt. thick, and that samples assayed 23 per cent. of nickel
and 1 per cent. of cobalt, but there had been richer ore taken out. On the footwall
side there were patches of copper, nickel, and cobalt. Probably the ores would
prove richer at depth. -
The Mine Inspector remarked in his report that, besides rich copper lodes, in the
northern districts the rarer metals, such as nickel, cobalt, and bismuth are also found,
and in quantities that in any other part of the world but South Australia would be
regarded as phenomenal; all that was required was capital for the development of
the mines. - - -
MANGANESE,
Manganese and iron ores are common in many parts of the province. The ore
often contains cobalt, but not in sufficient quantity to render its working payable.
Aergunda Manganese Mine.—Situated nine miles east from Blinman, on
the Angorichina run ; area 160 acres. A large bed of manganese outcrops on the
side of a hill, with blue limestone above and below it. Yield 35% per cent. of
manganese, but transit expenses too great to allow of profitable working.
Cuttlefish Manganese Syndicate.—Locality of operations, Cuttlefish
Bay, Kangaroo Island. It was reported in April, 1897, that the deposit was traceable
more than a mile, and that a drive had been put in the cliff 130ft., the lode being
cut at 10ft., and satisfactory assays obtained. • *, -
Ellen Mine, 12 miles S.E. of Gordon, yields this mineral.
Etna Mine, six and a half miles N.E. of Gordon, also yields manganese.
Gordon Mine, eight and a half miles N.E. of Gordon, carries this mineral.
Manganese Mine.—Locality, section 89, hundred of Dudley, Kangaroo Island.
The Government Geologist reports that a tunnel has been driven 80ft. in a north-
easterly direction on a well-defined lode formation, with good walls 3ft. to 4ft.
apart, dip south-easterly 70° to 80°. The lode is associated with a band of crystalline
marble and calcareous sandstone, and is enclosed in mica schist and mica slate rocks.
No trace of gold or silver was obtained by assay of samples of the gossan and man-
ganese ore, but the assay return for manganese was 23 per cent. . . .
Prout's Mine is near Scott's Mine, and now called the South Australian
Manganese Mine. (See below.) . . . . . . . . . .
MANGANESE,-KAOLIN, 183
Quorn Manganese Mine. —Locality 17 miles N.F. from Quorn. The Inspec-
tor of Mines stated that a sample he took assayed 32 per cent, for manganese, and that
good ore was in sight. (April, 1891.)
Scott's Mine is situated between Orroroo and Hammond, close to the railway
line. . * . . . . .
South Australian Manganese Mine.—Locality, Boolcunda Creek,
near Willochra; area, 80 acres of Crown lands, leased for 99 years. The com-
pany commenced operations in 1882-3, and did a considerable amount of work,
winning a fair output. Mr. W. Dunn, the secretary of the company, states that
there are four parallel lodes having a westerly strike, one averaging 9ft. in width,
and the others 2ft. to 5ft. There are five vertical shafts (deepest 75ft.), and a
tunnel 140ft. One drive has been put in 80ft., and the other over 200ft. The lodes
are composed of pyrolusite, manganite, and psilomelane, and the yield is now from
3,000 to 4,000 tons per annum. Ore has been sent away continuously during the
last three or four years. (1890.) - .
Tumby Mining Syndicate.—Locality of working, hundred of Stokes. A
parcel of 17 tons was shipped at the end of 1895, described as a first-class sample.
No further information to hand. - - , “ . . ' ' '
Watt’s Sugar Loaf. —Locality, about five miles from Gordon (Great
Northern Railway). A large deposit of manganese has been worked for some time.
Blocks of 10 to 12 tons of ore were found on the surface, and a considerable
quantity was shipped to England. - - -
Willowie Forest Reserve.—In 1886 a deposit of manganese was found in
the Willowie Forest Reserve, about four miles north of Melrose. An analysis made
by the Government Assayer showed that the manganese contained cobalt varying in
percentage from 17 to 2:31. No work has been done to test the lode.
The Government Geologist, reporting generally upon mineral claims in the neigh-
borhood of Orroroo and Carrieton, says that manganese ores are frequently seen in
outcrops or “blows,” some of them being very rich. These outcrops, as a rule, are
not of a permanent character, although some of them will yield a considerable
quantity of ore. The chief places where these occur are at McGee's Springs, Eurelia,
Kinnane's, and Byerlee's, near Carrieton. There is an abandoned manganese mine on
section 46, hundred of Moockra, which was worked a few years ago, when a large
quantity of manganese was obtained from it, which was shipped to England, via Port
Augusta. It has the appearance of being a large lode with a strike N. 28° E., and
a dip of 55° W. Parallel outcrops have also been worked. Manganese is known to
occur or has been worked on section 11, in the same hundred; sections 168 and 178,
hundred of Yanyarrie; and section 25, hundred of Bendleby.
KAOLIN, OR CHINA CLAY.
The Government Geologist reported (December, 1896) the existence of a deposit
of white and pink kaolin, or china clay, of good quality in a locality two miles north
from Yatina. It is a portion of the argillaceous slaty strata constituting the bed-
rock of that neighborhood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
184 MINING RECORDS.
For many years there have been rumors of the discovery of gems, including
diamonds, in the Echung A GoLDFIELD. The feeling that it was desirable to test
the credibility of these statements induced the Commissioner of Crown Lands in
1879 to engage the services of an experienced digger, Mr. G. T. Bean, to examine
the district and report. He went over the field and stated that diamonds had been
found in Long Gully and in other localities, and that Chapman's Gully presented
features resembling those of the diamond-field at Kimberley, South Africa. He added
that there were also other places in the Echunga district in which it was probable
that diamonds would be found, and he recommended that a systematic search for
diamonds should be organised. It is stated that more than fifty good saleable
diamonds have been found in the district since the first discovery made many years
ago; and latterly renewed attention has been given to the whole question of
prospecting for precious stones. A National Gem Prospecting Association has
been formed, and 60 acres of land has been taken up in the vicinity of what is
called the National Dam on the diggings. Among the rumors current are the state-
ments that the diamondiferous drift there is on the average 20ft. thick, and that the
diamonds found in the past have generally ranged from one and a half to seven
carats. A Register correspondent states that the most notable gem found near the
dam was Glover's diamond, which was valued at £70, whilst two small ones were
sold for £10. Another was secured weighing nine and a quarter carats. Most of
the diamonds hitherto found have been discovered accidentally. Many other gem
stones of various kinds have been found in different parts of the province, including
Kangaroo Island.
MERCURY.
There were rumors of the discovery of native mercury in some leases in the
hundred of Myponga, seven miles east from Willunga. In 1885 leases were taken
out, and the Inspector of Mines was informed that it had been found in tunnels
driven into a hill. He took samples, but discovered no trace. The mercury was
said to be in the decomposed granite, and it was alleged that leases taken out totalled
2,400 acres. The Government Geologist (June, 1891) visited the several localities
where finds were alleged to have taken place, and came to the conclusion that the
bedrock of the tunnels and the alluvial drift at a shaft that had been sunk (15ft.)
both contained mercury in small quantities. He recommended further prospecting
with a view to test the existence of a lode. He paid another visit in December,
1892, but found that his advice had not been followed, and it appeared to him that
the ground was held for speculative purposes only.
PHOSPHATIC DEPoSITs.
In the tertiary formations through which the River Murray has cut its way the
Government Geologist has discovered, during an examination of over 90 cliff sections,
deposits of phosphate of lime. He collected specimens of fossil shells, whalebones,
limestone, clay, marl, &c., and some were found to contain a small percentage of
phosphoric acid. The expectation is that at greater depths larger deposits of this
valuable fertiliser would be found. - •
SALT.—GYPSUM.–FIRECLAY. 185
SA L. T.
During several years past a salt industry has been slowly growing on the southern
part of Yorke Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. Large quantities of salt have been put
into the market for local consumption, besides that which has been exported. Leases
of lake beds have been issued, and worked by companies and small parties of
prospectors, and later there has been a subdivision to some extent of the larger
holdings. The principal workings have been at Lake Fowler, but a good deal has
been done on the island. In regard to the latter, the Globe Salt Company was
formed to acquire thirteen mineral leases, and it was stated that the salt could be
gathered, cleaned, and bagged for 2s. per ton. Their workings were at a large lake at
the head of the American river. At Edithburgh the Castle Salt Company has started
with the view of exploiting the product from the Yorke Peninsula lake district.
North Mount Rhine.—Situated near Mount Frederick, hundred of Angas.
The Inspector of Mines (1891) reported very highly of a deposit of ochre of a first-
class quality in this property, which besides has silver and lead ores. . .
Flinders Range Umber, Oxides, and Ochre Mine. —This pro-
perty is situated 12 miles east of Blinman, and contains 160 acres, held under
mineral licence, on which Captain Doble reports that there are six lodes, varying in
widths from 4ft. 6in. to 50ft., the last mentioned being a very large iron lode
embedded in yellow ochre and pipeclay. He judged from the appearance of the
deposits that they are likely to yield silver when fairly prospected. (1890.)
A deposit was also found in 1897, at Blackwood Gully, in a tunnel, which it was
claimed would have commercial value as a paint basis. -
GYPSUM.
Some attention is being given to this mineral as a fertiliser, and a considerable
quantity has been raised recently by the Lake Fowler Fertiliser Company, who have
a manufactory in the hundred of Melville, Yorke Peninsula. Among other
prospectors and places Mr. Hasel, at Warrenbeen, is obtaining gypsum, whiting,
and salt. -
At a place four and a half miles south from Mount Lofty Railway Station, fireclay
is being raised; and also at a place near Blakiston; said to be of excellent quality.
186 . . . . . MINING RECORDS: ' ' '
NITRATE DEPOSITs.
It being reported that deposits had been found near Arthurton rich in phosphoric
acid, the Government Geologist—replying to an inquiry—stated that it was doubtful
whether there existed beneath the salt lakes of Yorke Peninsula any deposits of
phosphatic nodules and nitrate of potash, resulting from the bones and excrement of
animals of a bygone age. No indications had been met with favoring the reverse
view.
ASBESTOS.
In 1891, the Inspector of Mines examined claims at Oodla WIRRA SouTH,
where he saw what was apparently a large deposit of imperfect asbestos, of no value
commercially. A shaft showed a better class of the mineral at the bottom.
* The Government Geologist reported in 1895 on HEITHERsax's MINERAL CLAIM,
near Oodla Wirra, stating that there was an outcrop showing a variety of asbestos
known as mountain cork; other varieties might exist beneath. -
The Inspector of Mines reported upon the SAILoRs' GULLY ASBESTos' MINE, 16
miles S.E. from Gawler, in 1892. He stated that there were small veins of asbestos
dipping east. He took a good sample from a depth of 20ft. There was an
abundance of “mountain cork” scattered about the surface. - -
The Government Geologist reported in 1896 that eastward from HAWKER, hundred
of Adams, a vein of crocidolite (a variety of asbestos) 3in. or 4 in. wide had been
opened up, traversing crystalline limestone and calcareous, argillaceous, and
arenaceous slaty rocks. The vein was too small to be of any importance, and it was
questionable whether that variety of asbestos was of any value.
Bright Asbestos Company.—Locality, eight miles N.E. from Roberts-
town, and east of section 48, hundred of Bright. In 1894 the Inspector of Mines
reported that this venture related to two 80-acre sections. A pit, about 60ft. long
and 10ft. wide, had been sunk about 7ft. deep in the bed of a creek, and small
irregular veins and bunches of asbestos were found, the quality varying, being worth
from £6 to £15 per ton. About 6 tons were bagged ready for market. He was
informed that £7 10s. per ton had been offered for it. . . . . .
RUTI LE.
This mineral is said to exist in large quantities in kaolin at a mine situated between
Blumberg and Mount Pleasant. It has been pronounced by the School of Mines as
being of excellent quality. It is stated that hundreds of tons of the material are in
sight.
IRON AND FLUX. 187
| R ON AND FLUX.
Gladstone Flux Quarry.—Known as Hicks' Blow; supplying flux to the
Port Pirie smelters. Also there is a quarry at Huddleston, near the “blow.”
Gum. Creek.-Near the Burra. On section 427 there is a large excavation in
soft argillacecus slaty sandstone, from whence iron ore and manganese have been
taken out of a “blow.” (1883-4.)
Mount Jagger Iron Mine is situated on the summit of the mount, nine
miles S.E. of Willunga, and 11 miles north of Victor Harbor. A small company was
formed in 1873, and smelting works, consisting of a furnace 30ft. high, engine and
blowing cylinder, and the necessary sheds, were erected, at a cost of about £2,500.
These were placed five miles from Mount Jagger, upon one of the sources of the
River Hindmarsh. Water and fuel were abundant, and also crystalline limestone.
This was in huge boulders, and of so hard a character that lithofracteur had to be
used in working it. The principal supply of ore was from the summit of Mount
Jagger, 500ft. above the works. The mount is capped by a mass of black oxide,
yielding 50 per cent. of pure iron, and unmixed with any matrix. A vertical shaft
was sunk to a depth of 70ft., and the ore held good all the way down. Charcoal for
the furnace was supplied at £2 per ton, and the ore at 12s. per ton. About 50 tons
of iron ore was smelted, but owing to the ignorance of the furnace-keeper the furnace
was frequently allowed to get cold, and then the ore had to be cut out. This so
damaged it that at last it became unsafe to work, and, there being no funds in hand
to build a fresh furnace, the company was wound up. The amount of capital
subscribed was far too small for the proper working of the mine, being not more than
£3,000. The cost of making the iron was reckoned at about £2 10s. per ton. Mr.
C. L. Dubois furnished the foregoing account. (1887.) Later workings have been
attempted.
Scrubber's Camp, near the Burra Mine, has been worked as a copper mine,
but a lode of iron ore runs through the property.
Numerous iron “blows’ have recently been prospected for flux suitable for use in
the silver smelting now carried on so extensively, and a considerable trade in iron ore
is being prosecuted, the neighborhood of Kapunda furnishing a large quota. Kers-
brook reports (1898) having sent 301 tons; Wilson, Para Wirra, 617 tons; Bismarck,
Para Wirra, 705 tons; leases 336 and 434, near Williamstown, 2,205 tons for the
twelve months; Hall’s leases, Corunna, 1,000 tons, &c., &c.
Iron Monarch. — Locality, six miles south from Corunna Head Station,
where there are large outcrops of irregular masses of magnetite. Tunnels have been
driven through chromiferous serpentine, which it was alleged had produced 3 per
cent, of nickel.
Iron Monarch North.--An adjoining 320 acres, at the north end of a .
broken range known as the Pinnacle. There is an immense outcrop of magnetite,
yielding 69.21 per cent of iron and 1:01 per cent. of silicate. -
Mount Hematite Iron Mine.—Locality, 11 miles north of Beltana; area,
160 acres. On the northern block large outcrops yield 56.4 per cent. of brown
hematite iron and 5.5 per cent of silica. The Inspector of Mines in 1892 judged that
15,000 to 20,000 tons of good quality ironstone could be quarried.
Peralilla-Situated in the hundred of Goolwa. A large bed of ironstone was
(1891) being quarried for flux. It was prospected for silver, but the Inspector of
Mines thought it valueless for that metal.
188 MINING RECORDS.
Crystal Brook.-Locality, Kealley's section. Ironstone quarried and carted
to the smelters at Port Pirie realised 11s. 6d. per ton—just the cost of raising the
OTC,
Oodla Wirra Flux Quarries.—The supply of ironstone was reported by
Mr. E. W. Hawker in April, 1898, to be practically unlimited, and some of it carried
gold. The flux was being sent to Port Pirie, the quantity for six months ending
December, 1898, being 1,076 tons. . . . . . . -
Yankee Mine.—Locality, Blinnan; a large body of iron ore in sight; some
sent to Port Pirie for test as flux. (August, 1898.) - - -
Blumberg commenced in May, 1898, to send parcels of iron to Dry Creek
Smelting Works for flux; a large supply being available.
Normanville, it has been reported, has an immense deposit of iron, of a pure
quality, and of “very high commercial value”; quarrying operations were com-
menced in 1897. . - . . . . .
Eurelia, Hundred of.- on section 120 there are irregularly shaped
exposures of brown iron oxide, associated with clay and sandy slates and quartz,
which are being quarried for flux. Three assays showed—iron 51.1 per cent., 64.7
per cent, and 66 per cent, respectively. -
Other places could be enumerated where large bodies of iron ore, suitable for
fluxing purposes, are existent, but they are almost too mumerous to list.
. It is recorded that in 1860 a bar of iron was manufactured in Melbourne from
South Australian iron ore, and that it proved to be of very superior quality.
BROWN COAL AND LIGNITE. 189
BROWN COAL AND LIGNITE.
So far as is at present known there are no coal measures in this province of the
age of those that are worked in New South Wales. There is a great gap in the
series of formations, namely, from the lower palaeozoic (Cambrian, Silurian, and
Devonian) to the cretaceous; none of the intervening rocks in that series having
been observed outcropping upon the surface. Although this is unfortunately the
case, still it is possible that beneath the thick deposits of tertiary and cretaceous age,
which overlie the greater part of the older rocks, there may exist any of the older
formations which occur in other parts of Australia. The only means by which this
point can be determined is by boring, and as this is an expensive and tedious opera-
tion, the experiment would be too costly and the results too uncertain to warrant
anyone employing that method on the mere chance of success.
Kuntha Hill, Leigh's Creek, Teatree Gully, Rhine Villa,
". . Wirrabara, &c. -
From time to time announcements have been made of supposed discoveries of
coal, which in most instances have proved to be, at best, merely recent tertiary
lignites, of no value for fuel. In two cases, however, namely, at KUNTHA HILL, 110
miles north of Hergott, and at Leigh's Creek, on the Great Northern Railway line,
north of Quorn, a better class of brown coal and lignite has been found. -
LEIGH’s CREEK was visited by the Government Geologist in February, 1889, in
consequence of a reputed discovery of carbonaceous shale at the railway tank, near
to the Leigh's Creek Railway Station and at Glen's Gums. He expressed his opinion
that the shales were probably of cretaceous age, that there were good grounds for
assuming the presence of coal in them, and that it was desirable to test the question
of the presence or absence of coal in workable quantities by boring or sinking shafts.
A private company was then organised, and they sank a shaft 70ft., at which depth
the great influx of water prevented further sinking. Subsequently this company
received assistance from the Government, who had provided a diamond drill and
undertaken the payment of two-thirds of the cost of boring. The bore was started at
Glen's Gums on February 7th, 1890, and the following sections were passed through
in the first bore, there being no samples forwarded illustrative of the first 15ft, :—
15ft. to 100ft. . . Blue shale.
100ft. to 125ft. ... Blue shale. - . . . . .
125ft. to 135ft. ... Carbonaceous shale, interstratified with thin layers of lignite or
brown coal, - -
135ft. to 137ft. ... Seam of lignite 2ft. thick (*see analysis).
137ft. to 142ft. ... Carbonaceous shale. -
142ft. to 152ſt. ... Blue shale.
152ft. to 158ft. ... Shale, and carbonaceous shale, with layers of lignite.
158ft. to 164ft. ... Blue shale. -
164ft. to 170ft. ... Blue or white shale. . !,
170ft. ... Blue rock, kaolinised gritty slate, &c., with much mundic, resting
- on inclined beds of calcareous clay slates, quartzite, and limestone
- of primary age. . . . . . . . . . . .
In December, 1889, the Government Geologist inspected the locality of a supposed
coal discovery near WIRRABARA, hundred of Appila. He had to report that he saw
no coal at the site of the assumed deposit, and that the rock formation there was of
too great an age geologically to warrant any search for the mineral in that district.
•An analysis of four samples of this seam have been made by the Government Assayer and Analyst with
the following average results:– - - - . . . . . . . .
Moisture ..............…. 1855 per cent. . . . .
Hydro-carbon,...... .............. 83-88, “ . . .
Coke ... - ............................... 88°48 “ -
Ash................................................... 8*69 “
- . . . : 99-90 “ . . .
This analysis compares favorably with brown coal or liguite found in America of the same age.
190 i.
MINING RECORDS.
In August, 1888, because of an alleged discovery of coal, “similar in character and
equal in quality to that obtained at Newcastle, New South Wales,” the Government
Geologist paid a visit of inspection to a place near RHINE WILLA, on the Murray
Flats, hundred of Angas. The coal was said to have been found on the surface, and
also in a bed of clay, in which a shaft had been sunk to the depth of 110ft. He came
to the conclusion that the finding of these fragments of good coal in the position
he saw in no way indicated the existence of coal seams beneath these tertiary clay.
deposits, and that the adjoining bedrocks were, geologically speaking, too old to
contain coal; that the coal found was not in situ; and that the only coal likely to
be met with in sinking was lignite. A contrary opinion having been expressed by
Mr. Howchin, F.G.S., who subsequently inspected the locality for the discoverers, a
company was formed, and boring commenced on the site of the discovery, resulting
unsuccessfully. Since 1888 the Wyndham Company have put down two bores on
the property without success. In each case a very thick bed of carbonaceous mud
and lignitised wood was penetrated, but there was nothing in either section that
was at all like the mineralised shale found at surface, excepting a few small fragments.
found near the base of the tertiaries in the first bore. * , -
KuNTHA Hill is situated on the Birdsville track, 110 miles north of Hergott
Springs. The Government Geologist inspected this place in the earlier part of 1889,
and obtained samples from a shaft which had been sunk. He arrived at the opinion
that the “coal” had been deposited in lake or swamp basins, which originally had
received the waters of the Diamantina and Cooper's Creek, and that there was a
highly encouraging prospect of obtaining brown coal or lignite by boring or sinking.
But he pointed out that the remoteness of the locality from a railway, and other
natural disadvantages, such as lack of timber, water, &c., would seriously affect the
work of prospecting, and would make the sinking of the numerous shafts necessary for
exploration of the supposed coalfield very expensive. He observed that the clay and
shale sunk through contained in abundance fragments of fossil leaves and carbonaceous
matter generally, which belonged to the fresh water beds of the lower tertiary or
upper cretaceous rocks, and overlaid marine cretaceous formations. The following
information was furnished by Mr. Niehaus, manager of the company formed to
prospect the property:—The area held is 10,000 acres, under permit from the Hon.
the Commissioner of Crown Lands, and in the prosecution of the search for the coal
seams three shafts and two bores have been put down vertically, the depths of the
former being respectively 70ft., 84ft., and 150ft.; and of the bores, 298ft. and 112ft.,
and three seams of coal have been passed through in the shafts of the thickness
severally of 2ft. 6in., 2ft., and 5in. A direct, as well as comparative analysis, is
appended:— :- •
Wyoming brown coal (similar formation in western North America)—
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * - ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . 10-0
Wolatile matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-0
Fixed carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * 49-0
Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . m = n e s sº sº 4 & 5 m s tº a # s = * * * * * * * 5'0
Kuntha Hill coal, two samples, analysed by Mr. Geo. Goyder, jun.— .
. . . . . . . . . - . . First Second
- . . . Sample. Sample.
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 : 68 11-0
Volatile matter...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 36.63 36.77
Fixed carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.70 43°39
Ash a w w w a s a e s s s a . . . . . . . . . • *.* • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ; 8-99 - 7-84
Teatree Gully.—In this locality, which is 12 miles from Adelaide, a good
deal of attention was given for a time to another supposed discovery of coal or
lignite, and it led to an examination by the Government Geologist in September,
1588. In this neighborhood there is a bed of white clay, which is mined at the
depth of 100ft. for use in the manufacture of pottery, for which it is excellently
adapted; and in this clay a little woody, lignite and some carbonaceous matter occur.
He reported according to the facts, and expressed the opinion that the lignite did
not indicate the presence of true coal, and that there was no chance of discovery of

BROWN COAL AND LIGNITE. 191
a coal seam by boring. Despite this expression of opinion, a company was formed
and a drop-drill procured from the Government. A bore was put down, it is
believed, to a depth of 249ft., when it reached solid limestone or calcareous slate.
No record appears to have been kept of the strata passed through, but the first
100ft, would doubtless consist of tertiary sands and clays, underneath which boulders
or gravel would be met with resting on the bedrock.
Pidinga Lignite.—At Pidinga, 86 miles north of Fowler's Bay, there is a bed
of lignite outcropping on the shores of a salt lake. By shallow sinkings of a foot or
two the deposit was found to extend for about half a mile, or all across the lake. By
boring, the bed of lignite was ascertained to be 30ft. thick, and fossil resin was
found to occur in it. The quality of the lignite is not good enough to allow of its
being used as fuel. -
Port Augusta Coal Prospecting Syndicate.—Locality of workings,
near the Uno Head Station. In July, 1895, the Government Geologist examined the
place, and reported that blue laminated slate or shale bearing a resemblance
to coal-shale had been raised from a well. The rock formation of the country
consists of quartzite, quartzose sandstone, and clay slates, into which felspar porphyry
has been intruded. The black slate in the well belongs to this formation, and is of
the same age as the Flinders and other ranges, and is, therefore, too old to contain
coal measures or coal.
Hill River Coal Company.—Locality of operations, near Mintaro. The
report of the Government Geologist, in 1894, was to the effect that in the sections of
the rock pointed out to him by those interested he saw no evidence of a likelihood of
the existence of coal measures. The rocks in the vicinity are of too great age to
contain coal measures or coal. -
Normanville Coal Company.—Locality of coal permit, No. 231, the
Sugarloaf, midway between Normanville jetty and Carrickalinga Head. The
Government Geologist reported in February, 1892, that fragments of coal, much
waterworn, were strewn over a rocky beach, apparently washed up from the sea.
The presence of a coal seam was supposed, but the rocks are of a greater age
geologically than any in which workable seams of coal have been proved to exist.
Of such a seam there is no probability, and the presence of the fragments of coal is
due to accidental circumstances.
Prospecting for coal has been attempted in sundry localities in the province without
success, the rocks proving generally of too great an age to contain coal deposits.
Shale Deposit.—Locality, between Victor Harbor and Port Elliot. The
Government Geologist, in 1892, reported that there are numerous evidences of a
shale formation underlying the tertiary beds, with small outcrops of primary rocks,
and eruptive granite occurs in large masses along the coast and in dykes. Where the
tertiary and alluvial beds have been washed away the shale formation is exposed.
It is jointed, and varies in color from bluish green to black, and is interstratified with
beds of sandstone and occasionally concretionary limestone. On section 314,
Encounter Bay, many years ago, a shaft and bore were put down, and on section 582 a
shaft, 100ft. deep, both in a search for coal. Fossilliferous remains not having been
met with the age of the deposit cannot be determined. If it belongs to the mesozoic
age there is a possibility of coal existing similar to that found under like circumstances
in this province and Victoria. A bore would be the proper method of test. The
gravels and boulder drift cappings in the district appear to be of the same age as the
tertiary gold drifts further north, and are a continuation of them, and would probably
prove to be auriferous in places.
Lignite has also been found in other localities, as, for example, Coffin's Bay,
where it was proved to exist in thin seams and of poor quality—unfit for fuel,
† :
; :
{
l
Return of the Quantity and Value of Metals and Minerals, &c., the Produce of the Province of South Australia, Exported Annually, 192
Copper LEAD. CorpER ORE. LEAD ORE. REGULUs. BISMUTH ORE MANGANESE. GoLD. SILVER. TIN. Total Declared
t * ... s. AND BISMUTH. • . Unemu- Value
YEAR. - . — smº-º-º-º: **** merated. of all Mineral
; , - - * - - - Exports
Quantity. Value Quantity. Value Quantity. Value. Quantity. value, quantity. Value. || Quantity. Value. ||Quantity. Value. Quantity, Value. Quantity. Value. |Quantity. Value Annually.
• , Cwts. #, Cwts. A. Tons. 4. Tons. 4. Tons. A. Cwts. Á Tons. A. Oz8 Å Ozs. # Cwts, A A. A
1840 . . g=e * ſº-º-º: * tº-ºº-ºº T- U-º-º: armam * — tº- gººm sºngs * *se I ? 4-º'-º's *E* &= - * %il
1841 .. tºº- *gºs * * Egmº º-º-º- -- - * — * º gºgº * tºº *s * ſº-º-º: tºº. sº * = rº ... 390
1842 . . * *º-º: º-º-º-ºw tºaº amº - — -- mºrº- tºmºyº sº tºmº tºmº jºsmºs gººms $º-º: * * ſ ºpe gºmºge tº-º-º- nil
I843 . . tº- * tº- wºmºsº I} 23 18% IO4 * *-nº g== mºº -º-º-e iº. --> *g. * * * * * {-º tºm ſº 127
1844 . . <-º-º: gº sº-º: jº- 277 4,009 2O3 2,427 wº-ºº: — *= lºmº --- tº ºr Hº- sº- * * * * * gºgº Gº-º: mº 6,436
1845 . . * sº- wº- &º-º-º: 662% Io,874 85% 871 189 I,739 *m *ºr tº-wº * ſº nº-º-º: ºr * ** * sº I3,484
1846 gºs cº-º- 17 2C) 6,461% 140,794 I47 I,437 * <--- *-ºs tººk * tººk *=p tºº. * * {º sº * 142,251
1847 .. * Ex- 2I9 2O3 9, I52 171,883 I45 2, IO4 * tºº. -*** Eº sºsº. sº- tº-r *=e -º-º-º: gº *mºng tºº. tº-3 IR- I74, I90
1848 . . 73 2 I 5 I 30 IO4 I6,323# | 3 Io, I 72 682 IO,452 — sº *E. &=hººl — * Fºº sº-º-º-º: ºmºs * *rēº * tº- sº-º-º: g==} 320,943
1849 .. 8,676 33,812 29 29 9,999 182,807 259 2,877 I 22 -º-º-º: *r * ſº *= ſº- * * * * * * tº e º q=s=ºre 219,547
I85o .. 44,595 I74,574 615 393 ,784 179,316 335 2,94 I 208 || 8,240 - *º * **** *gº 4-º-º: irº-r-Hº * &=& *=5 —- 365,464
I851 .. 50,774 I95,545 * * 4,948 IO2,309 I3 I I, 592 232 II,070 || – -º-º: *ºgs mº- - * Fºus *= - tº * * 3IO,516
1852 .. 39,187 161,847 vºm-r — II, 3 II 200,30I - -º-º-º- 403 || 12,630 sººn * rº-º-º-º: *º-ºr ſº-º-º- gº-ºº: *=º * - ºr *= -- 374,778
1853 . . 24,303 II 3,235 I8 36 3,767 63, II 2 23 36I tºms **** g== * * + ºx-º rº- * sºmºs ***** * & ºr *º 176,744
1854 .. , I IQ 35,312 e-mºa - 3,247 56,784 || 22 425 32 2,3 IO ſº ſº-º-º: tº ºr *-4 &º- *-ºs * tºº. * gºmºs tºge 94,831
1855 . . I2,255 67,383 I6 8O 4,039 80,724 I44 3,650 63 3,720 EºPº *-* sºmys gºal-assº. tºº-º- --> tº a sº- tºm’ * * * * * * — I55,557
1856 . . 44,980 248,460 * *g Q,468 I56,351 35 377 71 2,854 * Rºº-º-º-º-º: * * g==gs- * mº- tº º gººgºsy * *-*. 408,042
1857 . . 56,893 290,739 - * 8,036 I41,285 || I,422 23,855 79 2,960 sº-> ** * **** * gººga ſººn- *} tº-º- *-*. *Fºg 458,839
1858 ... 47,796 250,042 * tº- 6,697 Ioq,780 853 14,200 I54 4,260 - º wº-º-º: tº- * -º-º-º- tºmº, alºmº * * * * * ſº * . * 373,282
1859 . . 56,745 289,841 I,261 5,710 7,306 IOI,745 262 8,068 I4 I 5,654 sº-ºº: *- *-ºs **** *= +º- gº- *=ga * = ºr * * ºr 41 I,018
1860 . . 65,429 || 331,775 || I,824 || 8,275 7,097 89, 130 68 2,480 || 338 I4,877 <=º * **** -- ſº-> sº-º-º-º: fºº * fº * - 446,537
1861 .. 61,047 294,572 || 1,256 4,426 7,817 I33,749 I5 300 39Q | 19, 125 *** —- e- ** gººs & º *m-rrºº º *ºgº * === tº-º-; 452,172
1862 .. 85,872 400,591 426 981 6,216 124,263 97 2,266 4:8 I9,518 s=gas * wº- *º-e - *gº, mº *s *= -º-º-º: *º- 547,619
1863 .. 96,039 || 447,944 27I 525 5,343 83,262 45% 9,997 39 I,655 * cº fºss ‘E- tºº mº- * = . E-sºº ** º tºº 542,393
1864 . . . I34,055 637,791 63 I2 I 4,545 38, 125 566% 13, Io? 52 2,480 tº E * tº-vº *r-r *s tº- * * * = Fº * * ºn * 691,624
1865 .. IOO,196 433,795 82 I33 16, 176 184,677 86 I,507 – === * *rºrº gºmys *** tº- -º-º-º-º: **** *-i-º-º: *= — * 620, II2
I866 .. I29,272 584,509 I, 35I 2,991 I6,824 225,683 648 II,318 wº , -e g=e * sº- ſº gº º * tº-º-º: * *ºg * 824,501
1867 . . . I 56,863 627,384 || 3,391 || 5,464 || 1 1,430 II.3, 409 2I 2 3,353 25 560 || 384 2,061 tº-º-º- - *= 4- * *= * wº ºgºs 752,231
I868 . . IO4,227 400,691 3,049 5,670 20,725 207,519 76 I, 245 IO 2 I3 500 I,045 -> *r-sur-de * sº-g nº-º-º: Y-º mºs * * 616,383
1869 .. 92,7 371,566 || 2,936 4,471 || 26,835 250,259 24 296 tº- gº-ºº- 42 500 sºmer º * =º *F em * — * 627,092
1870 . . . Io9,421 394,919 || 2,564 4,089 || 20,886 I73,861 3 2 I **** * 73 I, I 30 &= - me sºmºre {-º-º-º-º: ºr- *m. º tºº — 574,020
1871 .. I27,91 I 518,080 3,381 5,497 20, 127 II 9,903 * - * *º-º-º: 223 4,720 tº- tº-rº- &Eº- - mº- sº-º-º-º me." wº-ºº-º-º: *F 648,200
1872 .. I49,050 680,714 - grºssº. 26,964 I22,020 6I 2,324. — gººs 22 1,168 sº ºr º-º-º: *= * ***- cºs * gººgº dº 806,226
1873 . . . I41,744 635, 131 I4 20 || 27,382 133,371 mºmºmº - --- <-º 9} | 1,775 º-sº *r 76; 293 wº- º -*s ſº- + º-º-º: 770,590
1874 . . . I32,587 | 557,306 e-w - 22,854 I36,530 24 332 tºº-º-º: dº-E 29; I,960 ºgºsº * * * I, III || 4, I?5 tº sº; * Gº-Rº. — tº- 700,303
1875 . . I36,835 578,065 *-** &ºmº 26,436 I75, IOI I32 66 * - — IOO 2, I2O e-º-º-º: *g I,802; 7,034 tº ." wº- tººs {--> * -- ºn 762,386
1876 .. Io9,269 427,403 II I4 22,682 I64,597 17 215 * — 2O 2OO *g * 2,501 9,888 łmnº * -º - *s rººk 6O2,317
1877 . . . Ioz,871 397,602 37I 295 || 18,532 165,408 6 I2O *-3. — *sº tº- * wº- * * — sº == * * 563,425
1878 .. 71,866 || 252,206 * *E. I 7,007 I55,381 --- ºr-rrºr-r-º-º: 39% 937 tº-wº- &º-ºº: cº-º-º-º-º-º: 324 I, 225 A-EP *- * = wº- º 409,749
1879 . 67,370 217, 186 6o 90 I3,715 I34,2O2 tºº Eº- 43% I,40I <-º- tº- º +ºme 20 90 {=} mºgº * *mºr mm, 352,969
1880 .. 66, 108 233,374 * ſº- I4,622 II 2,773 *- *** 34} | 1,091 *º- * * -. *r-ºre ==\;=º º -- nº- ** º *y 347,238
1881 .. 76,485 263,370 *=es gººs 21,638 I54,926 go 1, 182 9% 2OO £ºr *gº. *º-º-º: Eº 220 880 =. * ſº tºº. º- 420,558
1882 . . 72,955 259,884 — - 25,897 I95,686 82 2, III — nº-º — *s I31 664 764 3,080 * **ast *** * * º 461,425
1883 . . 67,975 234,780 º gºmº. 18,687 I40,545 907 || 13,757 — *= * *- 333 2,079 || 2,671 to,534 **** g=ºr * tºº rº-º-º: 401,695
1884 .. 91,441 || 287,753 -º-º: *-* 23,968 I81,477 386 5,898 e- *º-yº * tº- 59 23 3,970 I5,469 tºº * * eºs — 490,833
1885 . . 70,352 I94,090 I52 I37 || 18,639 128,893 || 37 I,496 wº- - gºssºs * me 893 || 4,692 18,295 *= º g-º-º: tºº -º-º-º: 343,804
1886 .. 72, 7 Io I72,330 28 I83 || I4,782 58,538 || 33% 602 * — * sº-º-º: I,550 | Io,895 || 8,825 | 32,535 —. Lºmºs º º sº 275,173
1887 . . 77,490 | 186,624 270 I23 || I2,695 53,709 || I2O 1,800 36% 535 tº- s-rºº I,452 5, 144 || 19,082 i72,003 E-º-> gººms IOO I6 * 319,954
1888 . . 63,310 252,627 2,780 I,973 I2,873 72,600 || I7 I# 2,550 182: 2, 155 tº-º tº- I,02I 3,507 8,728 || 34,205 I,929 372 *s {Rºº. sms 369,989
1889 . . . 80, 172 212,933 || 5,505 || 2,942 || I7,729 82,355 || 327#, 2,332 || 326+ | 5,339 tº s *rºrs: I,596 || 5, Io; Io, I24 37,305 || 2,700 490 196 340 - 349, I43
1890 . . . 59,237 I55,417 * — I5,380 71,575 || 523 8,452 — — tº- nº-ºº: 2,764 7,023 5, 184 20,808 * ** tº ºn Lºº Lº 370 263,645
1891 . . 7I,033 182, I42 e- q- 13,035 53, 175 || 128 1,787 — sº- tº-º-º: tº- 847 I,725 6,994 | 27,380 wº-º-º-º: 193 68. 792 267,069
1892 .. 53,074 I32,040 580 334 || Io,596 43,485 i. 74 52I — 4-rººf *=e wº-rººt 704 || 1,526 || 6,569 26,097 == *E. ſº wºssº 48 2O4,05 I
1893 ... 86,393 || 208,967 407 I85 I, 259 5,808 || 34 420 —- gººgº. * U-º-º-º: 2,428 6,359 || 3,262 | I2,561 tº-º-º-º- *= wº gºs I90 234,490
1894 .. 98,888 208,639 74 34 309 1,963 || – — tºmº *- g=nº. *== I74 517 || 8,904 || 33,401 * ºmºm, * * * * &===º 2,961 247,515
1895 ... IO3,352 226,494 84 39 2 H2 1,607 || 2 II mº mmºgº. º + == 48 146 || 7,473 || 26,060 * ** -º-, wº 723 255,980
92,069 219,052 || 987. 707 348 3, ISO * -- I - mº- + = ſº-º-º-º- wº- m; 4,031 I4,350 — rººm- wº wººsasº, 598 237,857
1897 . . 94,096 238,277 || I,631 I, I46 545 4,640 § I,522 || – **** Rºsº * = — || 10,322 || 39,020 * sº —, — I,346 285,951
1898 . . 95,414 244,865 || 6,316 3,806 53633, 3,992 *182}# 950 * -º * - ** gº-ººs * 2,798 || Io,676 * – — Kºº. 560 264,849
4,061,062 15,163,893 || 42,169 61,246 || 673,733}| 6,308,616 ſº 169,089 || 3,516#| 125,545 || 1,402} | 16,679 || 13, II2 45,911 || 120,358 |457,364 || 4,629 862 489 424 || 7,588 22,357,607
* Silver lead,
NoTE.—The total export for 1860 includes iron and Iron ore to the value of ................................. 41 I The total export for 1876-7 and 1883-5 includes tin to the value of............................................. £,
44 “ 1874 * { tº {{ 44 is a 1 m n + = e s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2C) ºt º 1848-9 includes emery to the value of , .. . - • . . . . . . . . . . . [1922.
“ & 4 1879 6% {{ tº § {{ ... 812 - . . 1868-9 includes copper precipitate * the value of ............. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .,..., 8,821
“ 1886 ... “ . . “ 1870 includes silver to the value of.......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 79