º, 8.2% ſay75 / | tº 1/2- State Board of Education Purdue University Agricultural Extension Department and States Relations Service U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating - Educational Bulletin No. 41 Vocational Series No. 20 Supervised Home Project and Club Work r Issued under the direction of | * I I I NT I – - L. N. HINES STATE Supº RINTENDENT of PUBLIC INstruction INDIANA POLIS, INDIANA FORT W A Y N E PRINT | NG COMPANY C O N T R A CTO RS FOR INDIANA STATE PRINT | NG AND B | ND|NG F OR T W A Y N E J N D! A NA 1920 March 5th, 1920. To Whom Thie May Come : I desire to give a hearty word of approval to the club and project work be in-g conducted under the direction of the Extension Service of Purdue Univer eity in co- operation with the State Department of Public I ne truction. What is needed more than all other thinge, perhape, in our schools is a new and vitalized teaching of agriculture in all ite forme. This club work is helping to get results that could not be obtained in any other way. It is to be commended , and thoe e who are con- ducting it are to be encouraged in the great e ervice they are rendering . Very truly, 4. Zºn-12-2– D STATE suPEP Inºndent OF PUBJ, IC INSTRUCTION, LNH : MW (3) - - 2 º' -- -- - - - - - - - - - --~~~ - CONTENTS PART I Foreword Club Work Makes Big Gains During 1919 Table Showing Financial Results for 1919 Disseminating Results of Club Work Club Competition Standard Clubs County Organization The Vocational Project and the Club Project PART II Club Members at the State Fair Club Members at the International State Winners at Niagara PART III Short Visits with Indiana Club Leaders A Few Friends of Club and Vocational Work Have Their Say Good Words from Club Members FOREWORD Successful club work in Indiana is due to the splendid co-oper- ation of the various agencies in the state that are concerned with the education of boys and girls and young men and women. Indi. ana is credited with being in the forefront among states that avoid duplication of workers and expenditure of funds in pro- viding educational opportunity and direction for young people. The results that are being achieved from year to year in the gen- eral program of education and in the special phases of vocational and club work furnish convincing evidence that the working rela- tions of the various co-operating forces are real and are function. ing in a practical way. The agencies co-operating in the organization and supervision of club work in Indiana are the following: 1. The local community. The logical club leader for a county as a whole is the county superintendent of schools. The success of club work in Indiana is due in a large measure to the leadership of the county superintendents. They are ably assisted by county agricultural agents, home demon- stration agents, vocational agriculture and home economics teachers, township club supervisors, county club leaders, bankers, farmers, merchants, home economics workers, and other interested persons. The local community, either a district, township or county, is responsible for the success of club work. Club work springs from the need of the community. The federal and state agencies can assist only upon invitation from local leaders. Successful club projects can be carried out only by the perseverance and energy of the club member, and the encouragement and aid of parents and local club leaders. No class of club leaders believes in club work to a greater extent than the county agricultural and home demonstra. tion agents. Much of the development of club work in Indi- ana can be attributed to this group of leaders, who, in spite of increasing duties along other lines, still find time to supervise home project work. These agents can be depended upon to strongly support club work in every possible way: but because of important work which they must do with adults the detailed supervision of boys and girls must be (7) Cheap est? Which Form Of Education Is The / • . ſºlº- º*H- | | | \\" "...' . | \"\! { ſºil. '- - -sº 72-C dº yº £SAEX: º º * \tº "/ > .* - - T . ----, 2- Students Remember Nine-tenths of What They Do. Students Remember One-tenth of What They Hear. Students Remember One-tenth of What They Read. 9 2. done by township supervisors, vocational teachers, and other workers. - The State Department of Public Instruction contributes through many channels. Its large body of interested teach- ers in agriculture and home economics direct their instruc- tion that it may prepare for home projects. The school superintendents of county and city arrange schedules and courses of study to meet requirements of the student club member. The township trustee selects teachers with a view to their supervising home projects in connection with school work in agriculture and home economics. Special teachers have been willing to act as club supervisors, often at consid- erable sacrifice of time and money. A close relationship has been established in Indiana between the great body of teachers, the office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction and the boys' and girls’ clubs, owing to the fact that the State Department, the Federal Vocational Educa- tion Board, Purdue University and the U. S. Department of Agriculture are working together toward the same end. The Federal Board for Vocational Education, co-operating with the State Board of Education and the State Depart. ment of Public Instruction, is a strong factor in promot- ing home project and club work in Indiana. The data on club work for several years compel us to view the vocational teacher as a club leader most excellent in all particulars. Vocational agriculture and home economics teachers can give a small fraction of their time outside of school hours to club supervision. Their chief duty is to give vocational instruction under the general direction of the county superintendent of schools, or local board of edu- 'ation. Experience has proven that club work is one of the best means of developing interest in voctional work. For this reason the vocational teacher has found it highly advis- able to devote a small part of his or her time outside of school hours to club project work with boys and girls. The U. S. Department of Agriculture through the club divis- ion of the States Relation Service co-operates with state, county and local workers by supplying funds to assist in employing county leaders, by contributing supplies of leaf. lets, bulletins and other instructional material, and by giv. ing personal assistance through members of its staff. 10 5. The Purdue Agricultural Extension Department co-oper- ates with the above named agencies in carrying on club work by supplying funds for state workers and assisting local communities in employing teachers to supervise club projects, by supplying leaflets, bulletins, record blanks, rules and other printed matter, and sending out field work- ers who assist county superintendents, county agents and Other club leaders. 6. The State Employment Commission through its Junior Di- vision co-operates in providing vocational guidance to min- ors through the activities of club leaders and club members. These are the agencies for promoting club work in Indiana. Each of these units is exceedingly important, but the worker—the club member, is the important unit of consider- ation. That boys and girls may be profitably and pleas- antly employed, may be helped in the evolutionary process of becoming useful and intelligent citizens, is the great goal, the reason for the united effort that is being made in their behalf. The subject-matter in this bulletin was prepared by Mr. Fred L. Kem, Assistant State Club Leader, Purdue University; Miss Bertha Latta, State Supervisor of Home Economics Education, Indianapolis, and the undersigned. Z. M. SMITH, State Supervisor of Agricultural Education and Club Work. 11 PART I Club Work Makes Big Gains During 1919 Club work has flournished thruout all parts of Indiana (lur- ing the year 1919. Nineteen thousand, one hundred and sixty- one of Indiana’s brightest girls and boys produced, thru home projects, products valued at $428,796.94 at a cost of $182,032.81, leaving a net profit of $246,764.13. Such an achievement requires the kind of exercise of mind and muscle that develops ability to plan and execute, that insures better farming and better homemaking in the near future, that prepares for leadership, that promotes co-operative endeavor, that brings a realization of individual responsibility to the home, the school, the community, that strengthens the determination to suc- ceed in the face of most adverse circumstances, that gives suffic- ient insight into real life to insure genuine enjoyment in helpful service, that produces sterling qualities of character. Results such as these are invaluable and are not capable of measurement in terms of (lollars and cents. The fact that through school directed productive employment on the farm and in the home pupils achieve results incapable of expression in numerical terms, empliasizes the importance of gain- ful occupations as a means to higher ends. The growing of crops and livestock and the management of household affairs in such a manner as to bring large profits are worthy of commendation, be- Cause of the fact that the benefits of social institutions such as the home, the school, and the church can be enjoyed in proportion to the amount of funds available for such use. During the war the question was often asked whether or not club interest would be maintained upon the return to a peace basis. The experience of the past year has made clear in a definite way that while club work serves the State in an effective way dur. ing war conditions its effect is even more salutary during the reign of peace. This is to be expected since supervised home pro- ject work is not adapted so much to increased immediate produc- tion as it is to giving the boys and girls information and methods of work by which they become happy, prosperous, useful citizens. A community whose boys and girls have been sufficiently educated along the right lines need not worry about future production. Not only have boys and girls been trained in production of needed foodstuffs but leadership and community service have been 12 emphasized as well. A greater number of club organizations, made up of the young people themselves, have held regular meet- ings and rendered active service than during any previous year. It is felt, however, that only a small fraction of the possible bene- fits of club organization are being enjoyed. Year after year will show a steady gain in this direction. The one thing that is perhaps doing club work more good than any other is the hearty support given the work of the juniors by the various organized forces thruout the State. Project work has always had the support of the schools but the past year has shown a marked growth in the support given by other organiza- tions. Farmers' Institutes have always regarded project work favorably and during 1919 have been especially active in raising prize money and in devising ways and means of carrying on the work. Banks have loaned deserving club members twice as much money as during any previous year. Breeders organizations are offering financial assistance, and the Farmers' Federation is mak- ing supervised club work one of their major projects. The great- est support supervised home project work is receiving, however, is from the thousands of enthusiastic boys and girls who have tried the work and found it good, and from the parents of these young people who have learned from experience that the easiest and most effective way of interesting their boys and girls in the farm and home is to give them “partnership, ownership, com- panionship and fellowship.” The index of successful club work is the percentage of completed projects. In Indiana this feature of the work has always been emphasized with the result that Indiana is a leading State in per- centage of achievement. During 1919 seventy-one per cent of all projects were successfully completed and reports filed. This is a gain of six per cent over any previous year and is a record of which all club leaders should feel justly proud. The goal for 1920 is a “minimum of eighty per cent of completed projects.” With the loyal support of the club leaders our Indiana boys and girls will work hard to make this record possible. CLUB EFFICIENCY MEANS COMPLETED PROJECTS. In 1917 60% of all projects were corn ple+ed. In IS18 65 % of aſſ projects ºvere corn ple+ed. In 1919 7/Z of all Projects Pye re. corn ple+ed. Our goal for |S2O is 80% or rn ore cornpleted project, Table Showing Income From Project Work For the Year 1919 | Nºehl Number Name Of Il- OCCºmf Scope . . . . Total Cost per Value per TOtal Total Project rolled pleting Production Unit Unit | COst Profit 'Corn . . . . . . . . . . 901 626 1 , 647 A . . . . . . . . . 1 15, 392 . . . . . . . . 49C bu . . . . . . . . . 1.03 . . . . . . . . . . . | S57, 347 00 $61,768 00 Weg, growing , , , ; 19 , 674 13,989 17, 264S sq. rods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 , 643 20 84,980 82 Canning . . . . . . . S52 556 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 989 jars . . . . . 20C jar . . . . . . . . . 34 C jar . . . . . . . . . 9, 206 00 6, 270 00 Sewing . . . . . . . . S7S 56S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 627 pieces . . . . 96c por p ece . . . . . 1. 41 per piece. . . 5. 349 10 2, 545 10 Bread . . . . . . . . . 145 96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 305 loaves . . . . SC per loaf. . . . . . 14C por loaf. . . . . 1 .. 747 00 2,043 00 Pig Feeding. 996 689 || 1 , 304 pigs. . . . . 1S2, 764 lbs. p.k. . . ] 1 C per lb . . . . . . 1Sc por lb . . . . . 20, 103 21 14,629 55 Pºg Breeding . . . 726 513 6 1 2 gilts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7.09 per gilt in- 47 7S por gilt in- 10, 462 31 18, 796 42 Crea. Se C1 Ca SC Sow and Litter 230 156 177 SOWs . . . . . . . . 1 , 215 pigs. . . . . . 5 : 57 per pig in- 1 1 S. 64 per pig in- 6.76S 42 15, S73 20 CFC a SQ . in Crease Beef Calf. . . . . . 210 133 142 Calves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G9, 40 increase. . . 13S 20 jncrease. . 9 S67 31 9, 756 45 Dairy Calf. . 15S 96 99 Calves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. 60 incr Case. . C ; 16S. 73 ill Crease. . 2 5-4 6 I 0 10. 640 76 Poultry . . . . . . . 772 540 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 615 chicks . . 46c por chick. . . . ; 1 - 07 por chick . . 4,432 12 5, 920 16 Other Projects . . 1 , 643 1, 131 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 561 04 16, 0 || 4 26 Total . . . . . 27 . 275 19, 162 | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slsº . OS2 S1 $246, 764 13 15 Disseminating Results of Club World 1. Publicity should be given after work has been completed rather than before. Inform the community of results. Supervised project work is comparatively new and must compete with many established institutions in securing the interest and support of the community. For this reason the wise leader will make public the results secured by his club members. The community is interested in what has been done rather than what is hoped will be accomplished. While the work is in progress the leader should be busy (levising means and securing (lata to bring the results of his work favorably before the public. ſ |A Story of the Boys and Girls * "Club Work in Fountain County § , ni'ai Mºrs' 22, 1993 h" || AS COMPILE1) BY COUNTY AGENT McKINZIE AND , whiſ alſo CLUIR I,EAſ) ER HESLER AN1) PUBLISHED EXCLUS- * I him, union IVELY IN THE FRIEND. *]; tı (; fort) ºn ... ..] Fountain county LEADs the state IN ** Pºdj ("g 1 * t () ºf ſm. IROYS AND (;IItſ S Cluj B WORK CONTESTS [ſc. is nºt wo ... and Mor The Mammoth New Boys and (;irls P:tvillion at The Covington v. Mrs. 1, Ida Fair, the Only one of its Kind in the State, is Filled to fic, lºr, urit-r. Capacity with an Exhibit of which Everyone is Proud itſ thrº honni' {{{) 0'ſ-10.4%; twº I ſºw n w tº it, ('LU B W () Irić AN ID THE Pl! IBLIC SC HOOL (; U Y. A W. A 1.J., I, , ;", C., Suºi | ( ; ; ; ; ; , , ETERY for the lust ten year, it has been compulsory to twº-h ºr it ulture tº our common schoo!... Fºr sºme time it was ºnly is rººt tº be ºf ſº, I 'tº Now we have evolved a system, thirt vitalizes the teuthings of this ºbject it is to have the child do the thingn he was ſormerly told about. Club work became a ſactor in our course of study and course of action. The queſt tº “ſ efficiency wrah nil, iw'...ut 11 y | raised concerning home project work The only praet (tal way wins to have v. They will intelligent supervision not only during thi' - hool year tº ill ºr intº the varu. tion unonth's, 11 : “il lºy vli'l J1 it v Uſ) :kºr “, lii; • County Club ru'uler was, soon a reality with his township unsistan' . * | 11 hits been the policy of this oſlice up ashlat the club work in 11-y way, through {" ' ry. the school a watem Wr tº:lieve that the histºry of the Bºy; tırıq (, irl', ("a h i, łu, Fountain ("ounty will justify ...}} t.); tıme and ºt) ºrt , t), at he hºtº it, sº .t. ,, thy', wity. - * * | | - ..','! !. c. 1, ...ine.] }; the ...;|, . . . tº:v til' ... ; ; , , , , , iſ . . . . . . . . ºr important in the economy of any nation. Our natiºnal governºrºnt - caliz ing this, and ºut outly jºiviſtſ' money but will ; sº.t in Iºurini; ; thi’ “ ºr ' */ “hool tº far in. - - 2 , sº tº - +++-- - - r— 2. Means of I)isseminating Club Results. a. Many club leaders make very good use of the news- papers. When a club member wins a county or state prize, when an unusual record is made, when club officers are elected, and when the year's work is completed—all such incidents serve as the basis of good newspaper stories. Many vocational teachers fill a column in local papers each week. The testimony of editors is that this space is eagerly perused by subscribers. Great care must be taken to see that only accurate information reaches the public, and, in most cases, it is desirable that the club leader write his own publicity material. b. 16 Seasonal window displays attract much attention from people who otherwise would know little or nothing con- cerning what the club leader is trying to do. A seed corn testing display in the spring, and in the autumn displays of fancy apples, good seed corn, attractive canned goods and sensible club garments will do much to acquaint the public with the value of the work. Placards are essential in any display but window displays should never consist principally of charts and placards. Often “make-up” exhibits showing phases of club endeavor can be used to good advantage. . Many counties are using with good success placards: “Member of . . . . . . . . . . . . County Boys' and Girls’ Clubs.” The placards are nailed on gate posts and trees and serve as reminders to the boys and girls that they are engaged in worthy undertakings and are pledged to finish their projects. Corn, livestock, bread, and other judging contests adver- tise work among the young people themselves. Many boys and girls get their first enthusiasm for club work from participating in these contests. It is certain that the boy well trained in judging corn stands a splendid chance of growing corn successfully and the girl who can judge bread skillfully has already made great progress in the baking of good bread. Township and county fairs at which club products are shown serve as a splendid means of acquainting the pub- lic with the value of project work. County fair boards welcome the rejuvenating influence of club work. At the Bartholomew County Fair club work has been a steadily growing feature for years, while at the last Fountain County Fair there were exhibited in club classes 115 pigs and 32 calves in addition to good displays of poultry and culinary art. A splendid pavilion has already been erected in this county for the club display, but will of necessity be greatly enlarged for another year. The Jounty Fair Association erected a pavilion for club ex- hibits exclusively and has completed plans for adding to this another pavilion larger than the first one. Township fairs are fully as successful as county fairs in creating interest. An attendance of 2000 in not uncom- mon at township fairs. It goes without saying that these zº 17 fairs take careful planning and require co-operation of the highest order. Much of the detail work may be left to the club members themselves if they are carefully coached beforehand. Among the many successful town- ship fairs of last year may be mentioned Pendleton, Sum: mitville, Veedersburg, Metz and Owensville. º º * - Clinton County Livestock Judging Team. Winners at State Fair Contest. Members of Frankfort Vocational Class. f. Demonstrations by club members and vocational students before Farmers' Institutes and Farmers' Federation Meetings is another means of spreading the gospel of club work and as such cannot be surpassed. One voca- tional teacher reports that one corn selection demonstra- - Pauline Henderson, Tipton County, State Winner in the Sewing Contest. 19 tion won over a score of friends for this work, and was the best means of advertising he had ever attempted. Girls demonstrate canning, baking and sewing, while boys demonstrate corn selection, poultry culling, and corn testing. There are great possibilities in the dia- logue form of demonstration, which has been tried dur- ing the past year with gratifying results. The training of demonstration teams cannot be too highly recom- mended. - - g. Other means of giving publicity to club and home pro- ject work are slide lectures, moving pictures, talks on agricultural subjects by club members, debates on agri- cultural subjects, and reading of club essays at Farmers' Institutes. Much has been said about the value and advisability of publicity but the club leader should keep clearly in mind that first of all, he must have worthy club achie rements and the higher the quality of the irork the easier trill be the task of making the public acquainted with it. Club Competition Competition between local clubs of a county is getting a splen- did start in Indiana and is doing much to foster the development of teamwork and group responsibility. Club work to mean the most must not be merely an arrangement between the club leader and member. Good results can be secured in this way, but some valuable opportunities for developing the club member are over- looked. An example of how club competition has worked out in actual practice will be given with some detail: In Clinton County dur- ing the past year Owen, Michigan, and Union Townships com- peted for club honors as clubs as tell as individuals. A hand- some pennant was offered by County Agent Calvin Perdue to the township making the highest number of points on the following basis: Number enrolled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 points Percentage completing projects. . . . . . . . . 35 points Average final grade of contestant. . . . . . . 45 points Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ()() points - - - - º - - º- Bartholomew County Will Soon Become a Jersey C enter. Calves and Cows as Exhibited at the County Fair. 22 The township groups elected officers and began a vigorous Cam- paign for membership. After every available member was secured in the townships the task was far from complete for a much harder task was before the officers, that of holding the member- ship in line and seeing that each member did quality work. The club officers decided that the best way to keep interest alive dur- ing the long summer months was to hold regular monthly meet- ings. These meetings were well attended. A picture of one of these meetings can be found on the cover page of this report. When the results were finally completed the score stood as fol. lows: Michigan Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45% points Owen Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451/ points Union Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 points As a means of getting work accomplished club competition is worthy of much recognition, but as a means of developing boys and girls it warrants even greater attention from club leaders. ('alvin Perdue, County Agent, remarked at the close of the above contest : “I think so well of this method of handling club work that I shall adopt this plan for the entire county for the coming year.” - Another county agent who secured good results from club con- petition during the past year is A. Z. Arehart of DeKalb County. The club work in DeKalb County is organized around four Farin- ers' Institutes held at different centers in the county. Each cen- ter organized a club group working for a pennant as a prize and the friendly rivalry developed was such that Mr. Arehart intends to enlarge upon the plan for another year. Of course individual prizes are offered in addition to the club prize. To sum up the advantages of club competition : 1. Team-work and leadership is developed. 2. There has been no better plan (levised of getting club officers to undertake responsibility. 3. Emphasis upon rivalry between groups is better for the individual member than emphasis upon rivalry between individuals of the same group. 4. The member with a poor pig or who has had misfortune with his corn plot is as important in the final result as the Jeaders in the club race. This encourages the least suc- cessful member to finish in as satisfactory a manner as his circumstances will allow. | i. H. º * -|- - -| ---º - -i-º --- | - * , º, T - | º- º - | 24 Standard Clubs Below are listed the requirements for a standard club. When a club meets these requirements and a charter is issued the mem- bers can feel that they are enjoying a distinct honor. Fifteen clubs received charters in 1919. ** Requirements for a Standard Club 1. A standard club shall have at least five of its membership working on the same kind of project. 2. There shall be a local club leader in charge during the year. 3. There shall be a local club organization with the neces- sary officers and duties. 4. There shall be a definite program of work for the year. 5. There shall be held at least six regular club meetings dul- ing the year. The secretary shall be required to keep defin- ite records of the meetings and also of the progress of each 1member. A local exhibit shall be held annually. 7. There shall be a demonstration team which must give at least one public demonstration in the community. 8. At least 75 per cent of the members must keep definite rec- ords on the official blanks provided by the State Leader, complete the project and file a final report with the local club leader, who shall report promptly to the county agent. 9. For club representation in a state or district judging con- test, the team shall be chosen by competition between the members. - 10. An achievement day shall be held within the year. 11. The club shall affiliate with the farm bureau or other county organization responsible for club work. (5. County Organization The county superintendent of schools is the logical leader of club work in his county. He should invite and secure the assist- ance of the county agent, the home (lemonstration agent, the farmers’ federation, and other persons and organizations inter- ested in community betterment. The plans for club work should be an integral part of the program of work formulated for the county. If corn growing, swine production, gal'Ident making and canning are projects included in the general program, then the club work can be made to function along these lines. In 20 other words, the outstanding problems of a given community or of a county should be determined by the people under the leadership of their authorized committees and the club activities should contribute directly to the solution of these problems. An effective organization for formulating and executing the program for club work will include the county superintendent of schools, the county agent, the home demonstration agent, the Etta Maas Hoffstadt, Club Supervisor, Madison, Starting on a Ten Mile Tramp to Visit Club Members. farmers' federation, vocational teachers, a county club leader, township club supervisors, and other community organizations. The county superintendent of schools and those acting on the committee with him should draw up a complete statement of the plans for club work. The club projects to be worked out should be listed and the activities for each month in the year should be outlined. The membership of the general committee in charge and of sub-committees should be given. Provision should be made for a county club leader, for a super- visor in each township, and for financing the work. The county 27 leader and the township supervisors should be qualified by train- ing, experience, and natural aptitude to give the club members the instruction and supervision necessary from time to time to insure the successful completion of the projects. The Vocational Project and the Club Project The home project work (lone by vocational pupils is a part of the supervised practical work which forms an important part of the course of instruction given in the school. If a vocational pupil who has swine production for his home project becomes Yºj, J//yce CLUB WOR/C '' Buy Y 7//c/x/ AT A/YY AR/ca //y 7zfe C/TY VVO/YZo A-ſºº A-C/4- RCA LS YOcy ZEA/C &D /=Oxe 20////YA-A*. º - * Ç 7| - // - & 2. - ſ *\ , , ; i *_2: % º: ºn is * . . * - º \\ - - s--- º |\ ſ 4) -- / PS ; ſº y º s • ºy ºf V =~!. The City ("ousins Visit ('ountry ("ousin. a member of a swine production club in his community, partici- pates in the activities of the club, places his animals, his records, his story and his reports in competition with those of other mem. bers of the club, then his is both a vocational and a club pro- ject. In like manner would be classified a baking, canning, sewing, corn production, or other project. A vocational class might have a project in orchard care and management. This class might organize as a club, hold meet. ings, keep records, make reports, and enter its exhibits in com- petition with those of another club. In this case we have a class project which is also a club project. 28 A boy or girl not a member of a vocational class might com- pete with boys and girls in vocational classes. The fact of en- tering into such competition does not make the project of the non-vocational boy or girl vocational. In this case the project is a club project only. Project work is required of the vocational pupil. Club work is optional with those who participate. Club work is an excellent means of interesting boys and girls in vocational work in high schools. By means of club work, many pupils under fourteen years of age have become interested in their high school and have been induced to enter the vocational department after grad- uation from the elementary grades. Miriam and Martha Davis of Madison at work on their gowns. Vocational home economics pupils in many cases have taken great interest in competing with each other and with non-voca- tional pupils in projects such as the following: food preservation, specialized cookery, family sewing, care and repair of clothing, are of a room in the home, care and use of milk. The following brief accounts of work in vocational home eco- nomics departments in a few high schools in Indiana reveal the interest which girls and their parents have in the project work. Warsaw The vocational department at Warsaw is located on the main floor of the High School Building near the front entrance. The 29 fact that these rooms are large and sunny as well as easily acces- sible may account in part for their being visited frequently by the High School teachers, and pupils not taking Vocational work. However, the principal reason for the popularity of these rooms is to be found in the interesting and instructive work done there under the direction of Miss Gretchen Mueller, Vocational Home Economics teacher. After examining an exhibit of posters made by the sophomore Vocational class to illustrate various phases of - - - --- - tº A Complete Outfit for a Child of Four Years Made by Miss McCauley of Madison for Her Sister. Garments Are Made from Flour and Sugar Sacks. their housekeeping work, such as labor-saving devices, extermin- ation of household pests, laundry helps, etc., some of the academic teachers remarked that they wished they might have had the opportunity to take such a practical high school course. The girls are making a study of local meat markets, hardware and furniture stores, bakeries, etc. They not only “carry over” into their homes what they learn at school but they take to school what they make at home. After the freshman class learned to make bread in the school laboratory, they held a bread mak- ing contest, making the bread in their homes during one of the “Vocational half days” and later discussing their problems and scoring their products in class. This was followed by a trip to a commercial bakery. The department is in good standing because it has given the entire school an opportunity to learn of the work which it is 30 doing. However, the Vocational pupils will tell you if you in- quire, that in addition to their school work they are privileged to belong to a club, the principal aim of which is to promote good fellowship. This organization is composed of the Voca- tional girls in the two classes and is the means of holding them together as a Vocational unit. Worthington Interest in Vocational Home Economics at Worthington was stimulated in the Spring of 1919 by the enthusiasm of J. K. McCarter, Supt. of Schools. Mr. McCarter believes heartily in the possibilities of the department. He saw the need for the work and visited all of the girls out of school in the community to acquaint them with the opportunities of Vocational training. The response warranted the employment of a Vocational Home Economics teacher and as a result of the combined efforts of the Worthington Vocational Home Economics Girls at Work on the Porch at the Cottage. Superintendent, and the Vocational teacher, Miss Ethel Greene, a Vocational class of thirty-eight girls was enrolled the following September. This class is the largest in the State and it is as active as large. Interest in sewing is very keen. The girls take especial inter- est in making garments for little sisters. Articles made include 31 undergarments, aprons, blouses, and simple dresses. Patching and darning are included in the course and the garments re- paired prove the worth of this part of the work. The social side of the work is being developed in a very satis- factory way. The girls not only entertain at school but make refreshments for parties held in the community. The Home Eco- nomics cottage on the High School grounds affords an excel- lent place for entertainments, a list of which includes: Autumn, indoor picnic for the High School teachers, A Christmas dinner for the Vocational Advisory Com- mittee, A dinner on Valentine's Day for the High School teachers, A St. Patrick's party to which each Vocational pupil invited one guest. Worthington Vocational Home Economics Girls in Dresses Made at School. One of the most interesting points about this class is that it is about double the size of the ordinary first year High School class and is recruited from girls who had dropped out of school from one to four years before the establishment of the Vocational Home Economics department. Their teacher says that these girls could hardly be forced to stop school now. 32 Plymouth Probably nowhere in the State is there better co-operation between mothers and daughters for the promotion of Vocational Training than in Plymouth. The following is quoted from an article in the Plymouth Repub- lican written by Mrs. S. IE. Boys, who is a member of the Voca- tional Advisory Committee. “A Mother's Party” “Years-long it has been the custom for mothers to give parties for their daughters, but it is only in this modern age that it has entered into the minds of daughters to give parties to their mothers. On Wednesday afternoon the girls of the High School Vocational Home IEconomics class, taught by Miss I)olly Schlos- ser, played hostess to their mothers at the High School. A gracious committee of three * * * welcomed the guests upon their arrival and ushered them into the sewing room, which by the addition of a few home furnishings, had been transformed into a cheery reception room. Here each guest was introduced to all and kept pleasantly entertained with music and conver- sation until the photographer was announced and everybody lined up in front of the camera and looked pleasant until the signal to relax. Presently the guests were invited into the cooking room where an exhibition of recent needle work done by the girls was artis- tically arranged on walls and tables. Many dainty garments bore witness to the skill which the girls have attained. There were negligee dresses, pajamas, a child’s bathrobe, princess slips and various other neatly made and useful articles of clothing. Each was marked with the cost of material. Arranged impressively on several tables was a series of diet demonstrations. A model breakfast was displayed on one end Of a table and On the Other was a model luncheon. * * * * A most attractive display of dishes made from skim milk illustrated the value of this neglected food product. A salad and dessert exhibit were also very tempting. Under the legend “Use More Milk” was a vivid exhibit of “what one glass of milk equals.” The glass of milk stood in the center of the table surrounded by its equivalents. The hostesses served delicious refreshments of cake, coffee, and salad to their guests.” ‘butºſpu I ºu quouiſ I, I hu ssel）, soțulouooºi º tuo II iruoſiuoo A aqq ſq ºpuſ， uſqqqxzi uyº 34 Fairmount Miss Charline McClure, Vocational Home Economics teacher in the Fairmount High School, has aroused considerable interest in garment making among her vocational pupils. After each girl learned how to sew, the class began to work on factory prin- ciples with division of labor to acquire speed. Undergarments were made to order. Much interest was shown in this work and in the preparation for an apron sale. The girls are reported as having “become good judges of materials, and their selections show improvement in quality and design of materials.” *artholomew Girls Win in State Demonstration Contest at State Fair. Star City Star City has proved through the interest shown by the girls and young women of the town and township that All-Day and Evening Vocational classes in Home Economics can be main- tained to advantage in a rural community. In writing of the school cafeteria, one of the outstanding features of the Day Vocational work, Miss Tressia Vandivier, Vocational Home Economics teacher says, “There is much dif. ference between teaching girls to cook in order that it may be seen that they can cook and teaching them to cook food that is nutritious and palatable for their friends, and classmates.” 3 5 From sixty to ninety pupils are served a hot lunch daily while the lunch room course is being given. The servings cost three cents :ach ; thus for fifteen cents may be obtained a satisfying meal of milk, bread and butter, two vegetables, and fruit or cake. This school claims that the Vocational Home Economics de- partment provides an opportunity for the girls “To make them- selves efficient in the things necessary to congenial, happy and prosperous homes.” Is it any wonder that Star City and Van- buren Township are giving enthusiastic and unanimous approval and encouragement to this department. 36 PART II Club Members at the State Fair Club work was better represented at the 1919 state fair than at any previous fair. In addition to the usual club display held in the Oliver Building a state demonstration team contest for girls was staged. Fair visitors had the privilege of watching Sam Tomlison of Shelbyville, Winner in State Fair Poland China Class for Juniors club girls make garments, can fruits, vegetables and meats, and bake bread. The sewing team from Bartholomew County com- posed of Hazel Holder, Laura Kissling, Elizabeth Schaffer and Ada Newby, showed remarkable proficiency in making and ex- plaining the value of the club apron and won the handsome pennant awarded to the winning team. This team, however, was closely pressed by teams from Hendricks and Parke Counties. Any description of the State Fair would be incomplete without mention of the pigs exhibited by the boys and girls. They over- flowed the swine pens and an entire day was given to making the awards. The Big Type Polands led in number of entries 37 Iłoone's Daisy, Junior Champion Guernsey Calf at Indiana State Fair Exhibited by IRobert and ("arl Nelson of Lebanon. Both ("alf Club Members. Champion Dorset Horn Ram at Indiana State Fair Shown by James Kellerman, a Sheep Club Member. with 28 trim, well fed pigs, followed by the Spotted Polands and Duroc Jersey breeds, each class having 26 pigs exhibited. The Berkshires and Chester. White classes were smaller but full of quality. Prizes amounting to $1400.00 were distributed to the boys and girls. A noteworthy feature of the show was that the boys showing gilts in most instances were not the sons of estab- lished breeders. That these boys can produce pigs of quality is Carlton I Iayworth, Matthews, Winner in Duroc Class at State Fair He Refused $200 for His Gilt. shown by the fact that one of the pigs won a junior champion- ship when exhibited in the open classes and another later in the season won a blue ribbon at the International Livestock Show. It is thought that the boys and girls' pigs will always be a feature of the State Fair and later arrangements will be made for classes for cattle and sheep. The pig show for 1920 will be at least twice as large as last year. - º) Club members were not only given a chance to exhibit their prize animals at the fair but were also given an opportunity to display their skill in judging livestock. Thirty-three county teams in addition to 152 individual contestants entered the con- test. Careful preliminary work had been in progress through- out the summer months. Two hundred and ninety-five demon- strations had been held with an average attendance of fourteen, and ninety-seven judging contests with an average attendance of eighteen. In the team competition Clinton County won first place, Carroll second, Henry third, with Blackford fourth. Gearald Clamson of Carroll County won a $100 scholarship for making highest individual score. º - - . º - - - Clarence Million of White County with Lady. Prospect Winner of a Junior Cham- - pionship at the State Fair of 1919. The Gilt Later Sold for $675,00. 40 Club Members At the International The club round-up held at Purdue will always be the mecca for Indiana club winners, but the International Livestock and Grain Show is rapidly claiming the attention of our youthful stockmen. This year one hundred fifty-two enthusiastic youngsters made the trip to Chicago where they were banqueted and entertained during the week. The great packing companies such as Wilson Harry Griffin, Cass County, and His Gilt Which Won a Blue Ribbon at the International Livestock Show. and Company, and Armour and Company, went as far as was possible in turning over the keys of Chicago to the group of Indiana sight-seers. At a banquet staged by Wilson and Company, Thomas E. Wilson, President of the Company, said: “Sometimes, I think, youngsters do not fully appreciate the big things they are doing. I have not forgotten, in the slightest, that I once was a boy, and when I look back, considering present conditions, I wish that I might have had some of the opportunities which you have today.” º -º . - -º .º ---º s- s 42 State Club Winners Visit Niagara Following the custom established six years ago the state club winners were given a sight-seeing tour of one week's duration. Indianapolis, Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Detroit were visited during the third week in January. It is a common impression that it is unfortunate to see Niagara Falls during the winter rather than the summer. In this the youthful sight-seers will not agree. Their impressions can best be learned from reading a Preston Moody, Steuben County, Sets a New Record for Indiana Corn Yields. His Acre. Yielded 147.3 Bushels. quotation from Gilbert May, one of the party. He says in his story of the trip : “We were all very anxious to see the falls, so as soon as the motorman drove up to the American Falls and stopped we leaped out of the car, ran down the little slope, which led to the bottom of the cataract and looked up to see the won. derful falls which we had heard so much about. There they were and they surely were not deceiving. In fact no picture or description can give them the beauty and alarming sight which 43 they really possess. At the American Falls you see a great tor- rent of water pouring off of a smooth even-edged rock. It keeps pouring a steady flow of water that is apparently still, though over two million gallons of water pour over it every second.” At Detroit the Ford Plant was visited, as was also the home of the “Detroit News,” the greatest newspaper plant in the World. - --- - º º - … - º º - º - - - … Preston Moody's Corn field. But the thing that impressed the party the most was Detroit itself, Detroit a city of the new age, with broad streets, splendid new homes, happy, contented workmen, the men in the shops, the women in the homes and the children in school. The party re- ceived the utmost courtesy everywhere. Some of the winners were disappointed at first that the trip was not to be the usual one to Washington, D. C., but when the end came all voted that they were leaving the party with absolutely no regrets. . . \, * ~ … “Asſ. \ tº - . . . .*. 9 / .” º .." . s' K ~ , … 22 - Ş \ - /* {} º * l \ \ ". . . . * * $. - *A f --- ºz - - Prº-ºº: ſº *... * - º * , , , t , ~2 m ºrt | bºs ...t. §§ *** --E- B, * | * Sjº * • * L_2. U E. f : i , \ \x * | == * * - *-*-*=- --> sº « ^- -- 'TU, ~. | º i : º G% %g ºÉ* gº asº g & tº:- / " This boy was too busy because he had to help father. PART III Short Visits With Indiana Club Leaders Miss Reba J. Smith, vocational teacher in Domestic Science in the Greensburg High School, tells the following interesting story of her canning club experience: “In the canning club I found most striking examples of how parents have been won over to believe in the work. I urged several girls to make their work experimental by canning a quantity by the open-kettle method and a like amount by the cold-pack method and to make a compari- son to determine which method was most satisfactory. How pleas- ant it was to have the parents voluntarily say: “It is surprising how much better the new method is, which Helen learned at the canning club, and how simple it is.’ I think I shall always use it, especially for tomatoes for mine always break up so when can- ned by the old method. “Corn so difficult to keep is no longer an impossibility and I keep hearing how satisfactory the corn is when canned by the cold-pack method.” One mother has de- cided to always process her preserves and jams a few minutes before sealing. I might continue indefinitely along this line.” A commendable plan of rewarding achievement members has been tried successfully by Etta Maas Hoffstadt of Madison. Each member finishing and reporting her project is given a season ticket to the Chautauqua. This plan of rewarding each achieve- ment member is deserving of trial in many club localities. In Tipton County a series of ice cream suppers were given to 'aise club funds and to advertise the work of the county. The home demonstration agent reported that community spirit was aroused at the same time. In this county a county club picnic was held. Swimming, games, and contests formed part of the entertainment. A club song for each township was written by the home demonstration agent as well as a county song. A con- test between townships in singing and yelling gave zest to the meeting. Talks by club leaders and a marshmellow toast around the campfire closed the big event of the year for Tipton County's young people. Virginia Turner, first prize winner in the Jefferson County Sewing Club, was told four years ago by a sewing teacher that ºpunsuºuo tuuae, H ， Jo añ-Itſuº ext:1 ssu-LO I suoļļusoo. A 5-1 mous lºbº A 47 she was hopeless in sewing and would never learn. This child thru the club work has developed into a skillful worker. She has excellent judgment in the selection of materials, patterns and colors. She does all her own shopping and knows a bargain when she sees it. She has her own ideas and knows what is becoming to her and does not mind how much work she has to do to secure the results she desires. * In one community in Hendricks County the club members were quite scattered, so much that it was hard for them to meet in each other's homes. A kind hearted person (tonated the use of an old house. The girls scrubbed the floors and cleaned up generally. Then the mothers became interest col and donated chairs, couches, tables, until the old house became a cozy club house. They held meetings every two weeks. One afternoon the girls entertained their mothers at tea. One of the baking girls demonstrated how to bake quick breads, and another demonstrated the judging of a loaf of bread. Then the mothers became contestants in a judging contest staged by the girls who offered a bread pan as a prize. A very successful sale was held this year by the Monticello Junior Poland China Breeders' Association composed of pig club members of three and four years’ standing. An elaborate 'atalogue was issued and advertising space contracted for in a leading farm journal. The boys used their knowledge of man- ual training to fit up an old feed barn into a modern sales pavil- ion. The average of over seventy dollars for each animal was very satisfactory to the young owners, since most of the offerings con- sisted of young gilts. One exceptional gilt brought six hundred and seventy-five dollars. To hold a successful pig club sale is quite difficult. The success of this sale can be attributed to a strong club organization, worthy foundation stock of popular blood lines, careful culling of the offerings, and judicious adver- tising. All records were broken in Indiana Corm ("lub for 1919. I’res- ton Moody, age 13, of Steuben County, produced 147.3 bushels of corn (moisture test basis). Other yields of over 130 bushels were secured. Young Moody's phenomenal yield was produced on muck-loam soil well fertilized and manured. He had a per- 48 pect stand, with a stalk every nine inches. Corn club contest- ants are finding that fields of exceptional fertility will produce record yields if corn is planted either thicker in the row than usual or with the rows closer than is the common practice of planting. Not only were individual records established in the corn club but a new club record was established as well. The Blooming- ton Corn Club, H. V. Skeel, supervisor, enrolled seven members, Potato Club Members of Matthews applying Bordeaux with Sprayer Outfit Assembled by the Boys. Otis Calvin, Vocational Teacher. each of whom finished. Four of the seven produced over 100 bushels on their acres and the average yield for the seven acres was 101.3 bushels. This unsurpassed record merits careful atten- tion from club leaders who will be interested in Mr. Skeel's ac- count of his work: “I gave each boy a bulletin on seed corn selection and one on disease-free seed corn. I went with the boys into their fields almost every time I visited them. If for any reason they could not go I made it a special point to visit the field and then talk to them about the things I had observed. When cultivation came I gave each boy a bulletin on corn culti- vation. I suggested topics for each one to read and later ques- tioned them in an informal way about cultivation. 49 We went into each field and selected one hundred of the most nearly perfect stalks of corn. We tied a string just above each ear selected. I notified the boys when I would visit them to assist in marking the corn, weather permitting, and every boy was ready and waiting. The father of each boy was interested in this work. I made it very clear to the boys and parents when en- rollment was taken that all I wanted was the boy's time. I tried to meet every complaint with a suggestion of something to try out before the next visit. Poultry Club Exhibit at Weedersburg Township Fair. I placed the entire responsibility of the success of the club upon each individual boy. I also explained that there was no prize to be offered. The prize was to be the very best yield that could be produced. Last but not least was my insistence upon their honesty in the records they were keeping. I attempted to have some point to enter in the records each time I visited them.” A successful co-operation between a poultry club and a com- mercial hatchery was effected last year by vocational teacher N. I. Clunie of Harrison County. Eggs from pure bred flocks were furnished by the hatchery. The club member and parents agreed 5() to keep only one breed of poultry. Eggs produced from this stock were bought by the hatchery at an advance of five cents per dozen over the market price. Two ends were thus furthered, the keep. ing of purebred stock and the furnishing of a good market for the product. The Hendricks' County Club Outing held under the direction of 'ansy I. Norton, Home Demonstration Agent, was greatly appre- ciated by the two hundred girls in attendance. The use of a vacated house was secured for a few days and the party was orga- nized along the lines of a military camp. The cooking was done - -, Tº Line-up of Baby Beeves at Fountain County Fair. in the open. Each girl brought a dozen eggs, three or four slices of meat and donated twenty-five cents towards a fund for purchasing the rest of the food materials. Each (lay there were special calisthenics given for the benefit of the girls. Accord ing to the home demonstration agent the camp did more than any one thing to arouse club enthusiasm. The girls have agreed to be responsible for club enrollment next year. Club work in St. Joseph County has been developed with closer co-operation with the schools of the county than perhaps any county in the state. School teachers act as paid local super. visors. School credit has been given boys and girls deserving same, with the direct result that all members are encouraged to complete their projects. Another device used by St. Joseph 51 County to encourage completion of projects is a bronze achieve. ment medal. These are awarded publicly at a county meeting 'alled for the purpose. Liberal prizes stimulate the best quality of work while the social demands of the youngsters are cared for by club meetings and picnics. That club work will prosper under such a comprehensive plan is shown by the fact that St. Joseph County has shown a steady gain in completed projects for the past five years. Night classes for young farmers are quite popular where tried by vocational teachers. John A. Fletcher of the Metz Vocational school conducted a night school with an average attendance of twenty-five. A. T. Marvel of Pendleton has conducted two very successful night schools. He reports that it is the best means of securing community co-operation that he has ever tried. At these meetings lectures are not attempted and the informal dis- cussions, demonstrations, and laboratory work hold interest of the members. - A Few Friends of Club and Vocational Work Have Their Say “When a checking revealed the fact that over $25,000 was the 'alue of 1919 Club Work nearly all opposition was quieted. 1920 enrollment is very satisfactory.” GUY A. WALDRIP, County Supt of Schools, Fountain County. “We are certainly very proud of the showing in a practical way of the work of the students in the Vocational Class of the Auburn High School. The boys are quick to make application of principles taught and parents of the farm boys especially appreciate the value of the training that their sons are receiving. There are splendid possibilities for the future of American Agri- culture through vocational training.” A. Z. ARE HART, Sounty Agent, DeKalb County. “Another club year for Parke County has practically come and gone, but tucked away in our memories we have many pleasant º - _ Tº [* 7 - - - - - - The Night Class Develops- Community Interest and Support. Vocational Night Class under Direction of A. T. Marvel of Pendelton. 53 thoughts of the splendid work that was done by our girls, and of the good that is sure to come from such work.” MRs. MYRTLI. T. Coi,I,INGs, Volunteer Leader, Parke County. “Vocational work is a great advantage in any community. It creates interest in the boys, has its influence to keep the boys on the farm, and make good, prosperous farmers of them.” BEN H. BANTA, Township Trustee, Hanover Township, Jefferson County. “Supervised club work educates the boy or girl through the doing of the thing, not simply reading or talking about it.” FLOYi) M. ANN is, County Supt. of Schools, Marshall County. “The most important work that has ever been done to keep the boys on the farm and to establish a permanent agriculture is the Club and vocational work.” L. M. Vog LER, Pres. Indiana Corn (; rowers’ Association, Hope, Indiana. “Club work is our one best medium of getting in touch with the boys and girls who will become leaders tomorrow.” RUssDLL G. EAST, County Agent, Shelbyville, Indiana. “The work which our vocational agriculture class is doing is having a wholesome effect upon our community. Farmers fre- quently ask for suggestions from the class.” SUPT. ORVILLE M. CRAIG, Bremen Schools. “In the beginning our vocational department required careful nursing to keep it going. The work was experimental in the beginning, but the experience of a few years has brought about such changes that it is certainly destined to prove a vital service to the county. We now have thirty all-time vocational students 54 enrolled and they are certainly doing some excellent work. Their work is being felt throughout the community.” SUI"T. l. LM ER (). J ERMAN, (; reensl)urg, Indiana. “The efforts of the Indiana Horticultural Society to interest boys and girls in orchard club work will continue. The club workers of today are orchardists of tomorrow.” H. H. SWAIN, Secretary Indiana Horticultural Society. “The work in vocational agriculture is filling a long felt need in Scott County. The boys, and parents, too, are very much inter- ested in the home projects, and are getting results which mean much for the future of agriculture in this county.” W. L. CRAIG, Superintendent of City Schools, Scottsburg, Indiana. “I have been a teacher for years and have attended all kinds of educational meetings, but the one that impressed me most was the vocational and (lub Conference held at Purdue. I never knew before how valuable this line of work is to our children.” W. L. (; ARLIC, Township Trustee, Madison County. “A club worth while must have a goal to reach, must reach it, and that goal must be high enough that the satisfaction of achievement is experienced when it is attained.” B. V. WIDNEY, County Agent, Noble County. “The influence and example of the Sullivan ("ounty clubs have stimulated and aroused not only other boys and girls but men and women, as well, to greater and more scientific methods of WOrk.” - RIC II ARD PARK, County Supt. of Schools, Sullivan County. 55 Good Words From Our Club Members This year will be my last year in club work, since I am now eighteen, but I will still be with the work in mind and spirit. I hope club work will help all club members as it has helped me. I hope to attend many of the club meetings this coming year. TI IoM As Bito( K MAN, Bartholomew ("ounty. How to win the contest? Oh! how I wish I did know. But to be successful in any undertaking one must possess an ambi- tion to succeed, good management, a love of nature, and a know- ledge of how to do the right thing at the right time. I’AUI, Hoi,('RoPT, Madison ("ounty. Through all my work in raising my corn I have found the best way to win a contest is to, Hang on, cling on, no matter what they say, I’ush on, sing on, things will come your way Sitting down and whining never helps a bit, Best way to get there is by keeping up your grit. ( ; ILBERT MAY, Lawrence County. The best way to win is by hard work from beginning to end. ("HARLEs ('LAMIME, .) R., Blackford County. When the news came to my home that I was winner, I was so Overjoyed that the house would hardly hold me and I am not very large either. There was great rejoicing among my friends and relatives. PAULINE HENDERson, Tipton County. Sometimes you find boys and girls who say project work is too much hard work, but any boy or girl can make work a pleasure if they try. LY DIA HAWI; LITZEL, St. Joseph County. 56 I enjoyed every minute of my trip to Niagara and am going to try to win another prize. JAMES MAXWELL, Union County. Altho’ I cannot win I do not count my summer's work spent in vain, for I have learned many things about feeding which I did not know before and I have bettered myself financially. It never pays to give up. Washington in Sixteen Chicago in Seventeen I’urdue in Ilighteen, and Home in Nineteen. - CARL SONGER, Fountain County. |iliili 3 9015 O7653 3895