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​Daniel Defor
Life and Works .
Extracts
from
Lowndes_Bohn, The Bibliographer's Manual,
N. Allibone Critical Dictionary of Engl. Liturature,
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Leslie Stephen, Dictionary of National Biography
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from Lowndes - Bohn,
The Bibliographer's Manual
of English Literature.
Relating to Daniel Defoe,
and Alexander Selkirk.

Copied by
Dr. H. Ullrich.

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1890.
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Daniel Defoe

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tanakan fund
(The Bibliographer's Manual of English
Literature containing an account of rare, curious,
and useful books, published in or relating to
Great Britain and Ireland, from the beginning
of printing; with bibliographical and critical.
notices, collations of the rarer articles, and the
prices at which they have been sold in the
present century, by William Thomas Lowndes.
New edition, revised, corrected and enlarged
by Henry G. Bohn. London: Henry B. Bohn,
York Street, Covent Garden. 1858-1864.
10 vols and. Appendix 1 vol.
(Vol. 11. 612–622). 1858.


612. Defoe's (Daniel) Works;
All those to which a black letter capital is prefixed have been republished
in one or other of the fore modern collections of his works, enumerated
at page 621, which are thus indicated: S Scott; Le Lewis; H. Hazlitt,
B Bohn ; K. Helkie z M. Morley (The red marks being additions
of Dr. H. Ulbrich, Chemnitz).
Desse Daniel. The Weekly Review. London 1704-1713. 4to. gools.
The first number of this periodical paper publication, (far superior to anything which had
hitherto appeared) was printed on the 19th of February 1704, repeated every Saturday
and Tuesday until 1705, and after that three times a week until its termination,
in May, 1713. Chalmers, in 1841, 8ools. Ht.l. A copy from Feb. 19, 1704, to March
23, 1710, is in the British Museum. This work paved the way for, and set
the example of that species of writing soon afterwards carried to it's perfection in
the Tablers and Spectators. To Volume 2 the following title was
of the affairs of France, with observations on transactions at Flome . " Londow 1705,
prefixed: A Review
440., and Volumes 3 to 8 were entitled, A Review of the state of the English
nation, 1706. 4to.
Though Lowndes and others indicate Qvols., there is no volume Gof the Review,
lth is complete in 8 volances, the last terminating on the 29th of July, 1712.
The only perfect copy Known is that purchased at Chalmers ſale by Mr. Cross-
ley. At the close of the 8th volume, Je Toe commenced a new paper under
a similar title, but of a larger size, each number consisting of only one leef.
613. A few numbers only exist. The (613) latest one known is in Mr. Crossley's
possession, the heading of which is Vol. 1 Review, no. 85, page 169 170,
For
ril 18 13.
Satur
History of the Union between England and Scotland, with a Collection
virginal Papers relating thereto. Edinburgh 1709. folio. 12.1.
With portrait, an oval, by W. Shelton. Large Paper 158. Dr Patrick Aber,
cromby published two Tracts in answer. Edinburgh 1907. 410.
Second edition, 1412, folio. London 1786, 44o. with life by J. Chalmers. Another
G.
with additions by J. L. De Lolme. Life by G. Chalmers. London 1787. 460.
Edwards, 668, 12s.
The Life and strange surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Marine,
who lived eight and twenty years all alone in an unhabited Island on the coas
been
of America, near the mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; having
cast on shore by shipwreck, wherein all the men perished but himself.
strangely malignigmakes,
With an account how he was at last as strangely
Written by himself. Lond. Printed by W. Taylor at the Ship in Pater-
Noster - Row. (Part 1.) 1719. 8 vo.
α
Robinson Crusoe is the most popular, delightful, and extraordinary of all defois
"Works, and has lost none of its original attraction, even at the distance of
Dr Johnson observed, nobody ever laid it at down without
century;
Lowndes says
Robinson Crusoe first appeared
wishing it were longer.
or Heath
in a periodical publication, entitled The Original London Post,
cote's Intelligence, from Nos. 125 to No. 289 inclusively; the latter dated
7 October, 1919. But this is an errory copied from Dibdin's Library Companion
p. 607, and repeated since by the compilers of the Grenville Catalogue
and other Bibliographers. The following in the correct statement :
The First Volunce of Robinson Crusoe was published in 800. 1719, 364 pp.,
preface 2 pp. with an engraving of Robinson Crusoe, sometimes placed as a
frontispice, and was entered at Stationers Hall, for William Taylor,
e year,
23 April 1719. Of this volume there were four editions in the same
as is indicated on the title-pages- Sixth edition 1822 with plates.
The Second Volume, called. The farther adventures of Robinson Crusco,
being the second and last part of his life &c. London 1719. 8vo. pp. 373, was
entered at Stationers Stall, 17 August 1719. A second edition, with a max
of the world, appears to have been published in the same year.
This map
was
no
afterwards used in the fourth edition of the first part. – A spurious Abridg.
12mo
ment of the first part was published by T. Cose, Amsterdam Coffee House, in
1719, of which Taylor, the publisher of the Genuine edition, warns the public
by an advertisement in the It. James's Post, dated Aug. 7, 1719.
Mr. Wilson, the biographer of Jefse, observes,. The popularity of the work as
doubt occasioned it to be printed in The Original London Post or Heathcote's
Intelligence ; but it is not impossible that Taylor sold Heathcote the right
of printing it in this paper. Un No. 125 of the Intelligence, Wednesday,
Oct. 1719, occurs the commencement of Robinson Crusoe, which was continued
the first leaf of each succeeding number without intermission to
Mo. 289, Oct. 19, 1720, (and not as Dibdin states, and Lowndes copies,
7 Oct., 1719), being the end of the second volume of Robinson Crusse.
On reverse of No. 289 is an announcement of a third volume, to be had of
Taylor. The third volume is that entitled, Serious Reflections," and met
with no success. Indeed, it is seldom reprinted with the work. All the above
mentioned editions are in the Grenville Library, British Museums,
on
<
८
Defoe," says Mr. Park, has been charged with surreptitiously appropriating
the papers of Alexander Selkirk ( See Selkirk ) in the formation of this celebra.
ted work : but the charge, though repeatedly and confidently brought ap
pears to be destitute of foundation: Tome have assumed that Arbuthnot,
others that Harley, Earl of Oxford, wrote the first part, and put it into
the hands of Defoe, who wrote the second. But these assertions arewith-
out sufficient foundation, and are refuted by Wilson.

614
-
First edition : Lond. 1719, 8vo. 2 vols. Roxburghe, 6411, 18. 45. First edition, with the
Serious Reflections, 3 vols. 1719-20, 4l. 16s. Sotheby's, 1846. – Twelfth edition. London
1761, 12 mo. 2 vols. with plates. – London 1781, 8vo. 2 vols - London 1785, plates after
Brown, by Pollard. 8vo. 2 vols. - London Logographical Press, with engravings by Poetar
and Serious Reflections, 1790, 8vo. 2 vols. – With Life by Chalmers - London, Stockdale,
1790, royal 8vv. 2 vols. with plates after Stothard by Medland. Steevens, 1208, 188.
Bindley, pt. m. 115, 1 l. 3s. Proofs, Baker, 383. 2 l. 15s. - With an interlineary
French Translation, by G. C. D. M. L. [ Mme de Montmorency Lavale / à Dampierre,
1797, royal
8vo. 2 vols. 1 l. 11s. 6d. It is said, only 25 / copies were printed.
London 1804, 8vo. 2 vols. Large Paper : A new edition, revised and corrected for the
advancement of nautical education, illustrated by technical and geographical
annotations, and embellished with maps and engravings. London, Mawman, 1875,
8vo. 12 s. _ With Life by Chalmers. London - Cadell, 1820, 8vo. 2 vols. with 22 en-
gravings from designs by Thomas Hothard, R.A., engraved by Charles Heath,
and numerous wood - cuts. Published at 2 1.2,p. Royal 8vo. Proofs - Engravers
Proofs before lettres. pub. at 8 l. 8s. Williams, 563, morocco, 4.1. Ms.
Robinson Crusoe, illustrated by George Cruikshank, with Life of Defoe by
T. Roscoe . London Major, 1831, small 8 vv. 2 vols. 18 s. Large paper proofs, 11.115.
L
-
l.
6d.

-
With Life by D. Ballantyne, revised by F. Lewis · London 1840. small 8vo.
Robinson Crusoe, illustrated by Grandville - London 1844, royal 8vo. 158.
Serious Reflection A translation in French appeared at Amsterdam, with plates
Picart, 1720-1721 - 12 mo. 3 vols. Paris 1784. 8vo. 4 vols. And the entire
work, with Vision of the Angelic World, translated into French by van
Effen and St.
and St. Olyacinthe, 6 vols 12 mo. usually bound in 3, with plates.
by
Paris 1768.
Serious Reflections during the Life and Turprising Adventures of
Robinson Crusoe : with his Vision of the Angelic World, written
by himself. London, W. Taylor, 1720, 8vo. pp. 654. Ontended as a
third volume to Robinson Crusoe, but was not successful.
་
Exploits of Robinson Crusoe. 12 mo. cuts n.d. long published as a chap
book.

on
A Tour through the whole Island of Great Britain, divided into Circuits
Tourneys; giving a particular and diverting account of whatever
is curious and worth observation. By a Gentleman. London,
G. Strahan (vol. 1), 1724. Vol 2, 1725. Vol. 3, 1727, 8vo. 3 vols.
Vol. 2 has a map of South Britain, engraved by Hermann Moll. Vol. 3 contains the
Northern counties of England and the South of Scotland, map of Scotland by
Moll. Reed, 1938. 3 vols. Al. 18. With additions, the celebrated novelist
Tamuel Richardson 1732. 8vo. 3 vols. Nassau, 10 s. London 1742. 12 mo. 4 vols
1753. 12mo. 4 vols . - 1762. 12mo, 4 vols - 1769. 12 mo. 4 vols. – Eighth edition,
continued by S. Richardson, and brought down to the present time by a Gentleman
of eminence in the literary world. London 1778.12 m 4 vols. Wilson calls this a
paltry incitation of De Toid work. It is not however, animitation, but analteration
with additions. The first edition is the only really valuable one, Defoe is lost in all
It Foi's Tours have been often confounded with A Journey through England, in
Familiar Letters from a Gentleman here to his Friend abroad fc. London,
Pemberton, 1722, 8vo. I vols. Vol. 3 being a Journey through Scotland 1726.
The author of this work was John Macky. Roxburghe 7208. 3 vols. 168.
–
mo.
а
S. L. A Journal of the Plague Year (1665); written by a bitizen who continued
signed
H.B.K. all the while in London. Never made publick before. London, 1722. 8vo. 12s.
Pp. 287. The running title, Menioirs of the Plaque. P. 287 id ergued H. F.
A fictitions narrative, which does not, however, exceed in the distressing
nature of its details the representations handed down to us by
Le
history.
witnesses. It is said the learned Dr. Mead believed it to be a
London 1754, 8vo. White Knights, 1098, 1 l. 10.
Nassau, pt. i. 944, 11.31. - London 1769, 8vo. pp. Vil and 456.
London 1819, 8vo. 12s. Other editions in her mourn alofthe Plague Year 1865-
12
Reprinted in Morley's
Universal Library, Vol. 8. (London 1886. 8vo); – With trad
Vol. 8. (London 1886.800); – Withintroduction by Ris. H. R. Haweis. London.
De Joe, A Journal
S. L. H. Memoirs of a Cavalier (Col. Andrew Newport); or a military
Journal of the Wars in Germany and the Wars in England from
the Year 1632 to the year 1648. London 1724. 8vo.
1607;
1886.
B.K.
–
Reed, 1933, 11.3s. This delightful novel is well known to have been freque
cited as a historical authority, – Second Edition, Leeds, n.d. 8vo. Cs.
Newark, 1782, 8vo. – London 1784, 12 mo. 3 vols. 7s. 6d. _ London 1792, 8 vo
– –
with portrait of Lord Essex. Bindley, pt. i. 1736, 98. Nassau, pt. 1. 940,
14s. Edwards, 1661, 16 s.


L.H. B. Memons of an English Officer (Captain George Carleton), who served
in the Dutch war in 1672 to the Peace of Utrecht in 1713. London 1728.
8vo. 10.0.bd
615.
This valuable and interesting work (a great favourite with Dr Johnson) has,
been likewise attributed to Dean Twift. – Defoe's part in this work,
ладо
Lord Mahon in his War of Succession, is very doubtful. 1743,
8 vs. 6s. With Preface and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Edinburgh
1809, 8vo. Goldsmid, 186, 7 s. Drury, 694, 5s. Large Paper.
Fonthill, 3093, 2 l. 11s. Duke of York, 3492, 101.6 di

H.
A true Collection of the Writings of the Author of The True born
Englishman. London 1703– 1705. 8 vo, 2 vols. 15s.
With portrait of the author by Vandergucht after Taverner. Of the first volume
there was a spurious edition containing but 13 articles, & full of errors, omissi -
ons and mistakes, says the author, and the titles of both volumes have
been more than once reprinted. ( Vol. 2, third edit was published, 1710, with
the addition of a key to the names).
Vol. I.
( The first editions are mentioned against each article, to avoid the necessity
of repeating them in the general list of defoè's Works which follows
p
тебе
•page).
L.H.B. The True Born Englishman: a Satyr. 1401, 440. – Second edition, with a preface,
K.M. in which Defoe vindicates himself from the charge of depreciating
his countrymen.
The Mock-Mourners, a Satyr, by Way of Elegy on King William. 1702. 44o.
Reformation of Manners: a Satyr. 1702, 410,
The Character of the late Dr. Jamvel Annesley, by Way of Elegy. 1697, foles.
The Spanish Tescent, a Poem. 1702, 4to.
The Original Power of the collective Body of the People of England, exam,
ined and asserted. 1701, folio. This is not mentioned in the table of
contents prefixed to the volume. Reprinted in 1769, with a dedication
to Beckford, fc.
H
H
H.
The Free-holders Plea against Stockjobbing Elections of Parliament Men.
1704 400.

H
An Argument showing that a standing Army, with bonsent of Parliament
is grot inconsistent with a free Government, &c. 1698, 4to.
The Danger of the Protestant Religion, from the present Prospect of a
religious War in Europe, 1700, 4 to.
The Villainy of Stock - Tobbers detected, fc. 1701, 4to.
The six distinguishing Characters of a Parliament-Man. 1701, 4to.
The Poor Man's Plea. 1698, 4to.
An Enquiry into the occasional Conformity of dissenters, in
Cases of Referment. 1697, 4to. Reprinted in 1901, with a
preface by Mr. Howe.
A Letter to Mr. How, by Way of Reply to his Considerations of the
Preface to an Enquiry into the occasional Conformity of dissenters.
1701, 4to.
An Enquiry into occasional Conformity, shewing that the Dissenters
are noways concerned in it. 1702, 4to.
A new Feet of the Church of England's Loyally: or Wiggish Loyally
and Torish Loyally compaid. London 1702, 4to. Reprinted in the
ninth volume of the Tomers Collection of Tracts. There is another
tract with same title, pub. 1687, often confounded with de Foè's-
H.K.M. The shortest Way with the Dissenters: or Proposals for the Establish.
ment of the Church; Lond. 1702, 440. A.
On the 25th of February, 1702. 1703 the House of Commons resolved
very powerful piece of irony,
nem, con that this book being full of false and scandalous
reflections on this parliament, and tending to promote sedition,
be burnt by the common hangman.
hangman to-morrow in New- Palace Yard!
L
The two great Questions considered. 1. What the French King will do,
with Respect to the Spanish Monarchy. 2. That Measures the
English rught to take. – London Hos, 4to.
The two great Questions further considered, with some Reply to the
Remarks. 1700, 4to.
Mr means that this tract is reprinted also in the Universal Library edit. by
Morley:
Vol. 43 : Famous Pamphlets, pp. 135-159. (London 1886,8 20
A brief Explanation of a late Pamphlet, entituled, The Shortest Way
with the Dissenters. 1702, 4to.
The shortest Way to Peace and Union &c. 1703, 410.
Vol. I.
A new discovery of an old Intreague: a Satyr levelled at Treachery and
Ambition. 1697, 1705.
More Reformation, a Satyr upon himself. 1703, 400.
An Elegy on the Author of the True -born English Man. 1704, 4to.
The Form, an Essay . 1704, 800.
B.
K.M. A lain to the Sillory. 1704, 440.
A Hymn to Victory. London 1704, 440. – Second edition, with ad,
ditions. London 1704.
The Pacificator. 1700, folio
The Double Welcome. A Poem to the Duke of Marlborough. 1705, 440.
The Dissenters Auswer to the High Church Challenge. 1704. 4to.
it Challenge of Peace, addressd to the whole Nation: 1703, 410;
K.
6-16
Peace without Union. By way of Reply to Sir Humphrys Mackworth's Prace
at Home. 1703, 4 to

More Short Ways with the Dissenters. 1704, 4to.
A new Test of the Church of England's Honesty. Edinburgh 1705, 440.
A serious Inquiry into this grand
and Question whether a Law to pre
vent the occasional Conformity of dissenters would not be in.
consistent with the Acts of Toleration, and a Breach of the Queen's
Promise. 1704, 4to.

H.
The Dissenter misrepresented and represented. 1704, 440.
The Parallel : or Persecution of Protestants the shortest Way to
prevent the Growth of Popery in Ireland. 1704, 440.
Charity, and employing the Poor a Grievance
Giving
Almſ
на
to the Nation. 1704, 8 vo.
Royal Religion : being some Enquiry after the Piety of Princes.
With Remarks (616) on a Book entituled A Form of Prayers
usd by King William. 1704, 4 po.
Defoe's other Works.
ora
or
(Those marked ? are doubtful or known to be by other writers).
? Speculume Crape-Gownorum, looking-glass for the Young Academicks,
foyl'd. London 1682, 4 to. 2 parts.
? A Treatise against the Turks. 1683, 440.
new
Presbytery rough drawn. A satyr in contemplation of the late rebellion.
London 1683. 4to.
A Tract against the Proclamation for the Repeal of the Penal Laws.
1687
A Pamphlet against the addresses to thing James . London 1687, 440.
A Tract upon the dispensing power. London 1687, 4 No.
2 A Voy
Voyage to the world of Cartesius; writter originally in French
translated into English by J. Taylor, 1692 8 vr. Jec edit. 1694.
Tome reflections
Sections on a pamphlet lately published, entitled, An argument
shewing that a standing army inconsistent with a four govenment,
&c. London 1697, 4to.
H.M. Essays on several projects. London 1697, 8vo. 5s. A Work containing
many sagacious remarks which may
statesmen of the present day. Reprinted under the title of Several
be perused with advantage even by
Essays relating to Academicks, Banks, Bankrupts, Charity
&.c. 1700.800. Another title was printed in 1702, as follows:
Loteries,
Essays upon several Subjects, or effectual Ways of advancing the inter
eets of the Nation. 8vo.
2. The Compleat Mendicant or unhappy Beggar, being the life of an un-
fortunate Gentleman. 1699, 8vo. 10 s. 6 d.
The succession of the crown of England considered. London 1701, 440.
H. History of the Kentish Petition, 1701, 460
Present State of Pacobitiem in England, 1701, 140.
? The Ballad, or some scurrilous reflections in verse, 1701, 8vo.
A Memorial from the Gentleman Freeholders and Inhabitants of the boun.
ties of — in behalf of themselves and many thousands of the good people
of England - London 1701. This is the celebrated Legion's Address to the
"Commons.
H. Legion's
on's
Н.
B.
late
new paper, being a Second Memorial to the Gentlemen of or
House of Commons. London 1702, 4to.

H
? Tempus adest; or War inevitable. 1708, 8vo.
The Lincerity of Dissenters vindicated from the Scandal of occasional
Conformity. 1703, 4to.
? The Reformer reformed. 1703.
By a
The Liberty of episcopal Dissenters in Scotland truly stated. By
Gentleman. 1703, 4to.
King William's affection to the Church of England examined.
London 17/03, 4to.
? The comical History of the Life and Death of Mumper, Generalissimo
of King Charles the second's Togs. By Heliostropolis, Tecretary to the
Emperor of
the Moon. 1704 8vo.
A Pindarie Ode prefixed to the second volume of the second edition
of the Athenian Oracle, in 19704, and signed d. I.
D.
It true state of the difference between Fir George Rooke and William
Colepeper &c London 1704, 440.
The Storm, or a Collection of the most remarkable Casualties which
happened in the Tempest (Nov. 26. 1703) 1704, 8vo. Nassau, pt. 1.
дня,
1.b. Second édit. n.d. 8vo. – London 1769, 8vo. 5 s.
1,
An Essay on the Regulation of the Press. 1704, 410.
An I.
Inquiry into the case of Mr. Asgill's general Translation;
shewing that it is not a nearer Way to leaven than the Grave.
1704, 8vo.
Original right; or the reasonableness of appeals to the People.
London 1704, 4to.
? Dictionarium Jacrum seu Religiosum. A &ictionary of all Religions,
Ancient and Modern. London 1704, 8vo.
The Protestant Jesuit unmasked. London 1704, 4to.
? Historical account of Oligh. Flyers in all ages. 1704, 440.
L. M. The Consolidator : or, Memoirs of sundry Transactions from the
World in the Moon, translated from the Lunar language, by
the Author of the True-born English Man, London 1705, 800.
360pp. 5s. This prose satire contains the first kints of many
of the ideas which Swift afterwards embodied in Gulliver, and
also a great many sly hipts at all the authors of the time, from
den to Tom B' the
Su
The Experiment; or the shortest way with the dissenters exempli =
fied, 1705, 4to. 5s. For this work the author was set in the
pillory. The following title was printed in 1707: The Modesty
and Sincerity of those worthy Gentlemen, commonly called High
Churchmen, exemplified!
Advice to all Parties . 1705, 410.
The high Church Legion : or the Memorial examined. Being a
new Test of Moderation: as it is recommended to all that love
the Church of England and the Constitution. 1705, 440.
An attack on Dr. Drake, a champion of the Tories.
•
617
L.K.M. The true Relation of the Apparition of one Mrs. Veal, the next day after her death,
the
to one Mrs. Bargrave at Canterburg, the 8th of September, 1705. 1705, 440.
Afterwards adjoined to subsequent editions of Drelincourt on Death ..
The Dyet of Poland; a satyrical Poem with Notes. London 1705, 440-
Jerry pt. iv. 593, 9s.
A Review of the affairs of France and of all Europe, as influenced by that
notion, &c. London 1705, 410. See Reviews p. 612.
Party Tyranny; or an occasional Bill in Miniature · London 1705, 440-
A Declaration without doors. London 1705, 44o.

H.
H
A Review of the affairs of Trance, with observations on transactions
at home. London 1705, 4to. See Review, p. 612.
? Faction display'd; a poem. London 1705, 800.
An answer to Lord Goursham Haversham's Speech. 1705, 410.
A reply to a pamphlet, entitled, The Vindication of Lord Haversham's
Speech. 1706, 460.
?
Remarks on the bill to prevent frauds used committed by Bankrupts,
and
with observations on the effect it may have upon Arade. London, 1706, 440.
A brief account of the Tack, in a Letter to a Friend. 1705, 800.
A Hymn to Peace; occasioned by the two Houses joining in one, Addressed
to the Queen. London (1706), 4to.
Thomas de Laune's Plea for the Nonconformists; with a Preface (by
Daniel Defoe ) 1706, 4to. An edition corrected, 1733, 8vo. See De Laune.
Ture Divino, a Satyr, in twelve Books, by the Author of the True bom
English man. London, 1706, folio, 346 pp. preface es pp with portreit
by Vander Gucht. 1706, 8 vo. 278 pp. besides title, dedication
to reason, preface contents, to the author, and introduction 28
leaves. Defoe's longest and worst poetical production. –
The 8 vo edition is spurious, and fall of blunders of every description
The Advantages of the Act of Security, compared to the intended Uncon
1706, 4to.
An Essay for removing national Prejudices against an Union
with Scotland. In ux parts. Londen 1706-1707, 440.
A Sermon preached by Mr. Daniel Defoe on the fitting up of Dr.
Burgess's Meeting House . London, 1706, 44o.
? The Coffee House Reachers; or High - Church Divinity corrected.
London 1706, 4to.
A letter to a friend, giving an account how the treaty of union
has been received here. With remarks on what has been written by
Mr. Hodges) and Mr. Reſidpath). Edinburgh 1706, 4to.
Caledonia,
1707, 8vo.
a Poem is Honour of Scotland and the Scots Nation. London,
Edinburgh 1906, fol - London 1748, 800.
? An Historical Account of the Sufferings of the episcopal Clergy in
Scotland. 1707 8vo.
? The fifteen Comforts of an honest Leotchman. 1707, 800.
The Quaker's Sermon on the Union; being the only
the only Sermon preached
and printed by that sort of People on that Subject. 1707, 800.
BACKGAZISTEL-LOA
!
몇까
​The Dissenters vindicated; or a short View of the present State of the Protest
aut Religion in Britain, as it is now professed in the Episcopal Church
of England, the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, and the Dissenters in
both. In answer to some Reflections in Mr. Webster's two Books pub,
lished in Scotland. London 1707, 8vo.

in
sheet.
A voice from the Youth, or an address from some Protestant dissenters
• England to the Kirk of Scotland. London 1707, 440. A single
Two great quections considered with regard to the Union. 1707.
The modesty and sincerity of those worthy Gentlemen commonly called
High Churchmenfc. Londow 1707, 440.
The Union Proverb : Of Skiddaw has a lap, Scruffel vots full well of
that · London 1707 - 1708, 440. [Reprinted in Tyke's English Proverbs,
third edition 8'vo).
? A Discourse concerning Trouble of Mind, arising from sundry temptations
London 1708, 8vo - (Soubtful) Republished under the title of An Account
of come remarkable passages in the Life of a private Gentleman.
1711.
AurAnswer to a Paper concerning Mr. De Toe aganist the History
of the Union . Edinburgh 1709, 440. A single sheet.
? Mars stript of his Armour, 1709. A lasking caricature of the
habits and manners of all kinds of military
men written
on purpose to delight quiet trades - people, and cure their daught
ters of their passion for red coats (probably written by Ned Hard
Ас
"Remo of forts. Clark and a brief vindication of Mr. De Joe.
Edinburgh 1709. It single sheet.
The Scot's Narrative examined; or the case of the spiscopal
Ministers in Scotland stated. Fondow 1709, 400.
Dr. Sacherwell's Recantation; or the fire of It. Paul's quickly
quenched, by a plea for the Mon-conformists. London 1789, 440.
? The History of Addresses. London 1709_11. 8 vs. 2 vols. Js.
This work has been claimed by Oldmission.
Armageddon, or the necessity of carrying our the War. 1709,8vo.
? Memoirs of the Life, etc. of Lognor Rozelli. Plates 1709.1724.
& vo. 2 vols. See Rozelli.
618.
A Word against a new Election, that the People of England may
see the happy Difference between English Liberty and French Sheringh
and may consider well before they make the Exchange. 17410, 8 vo
? Vox Populi. Vox Dei; being true maxims of Government, &c. Lond
1709; afterwards printed under the title of The Judgment of
Rights, Tower
whole Kingdoms and Nations concerninileges,
до
and of Slings, and Properties
of the People, Sc. 1710, 8vo. This has been ascribed to, and printed
as a work of Lord Somers. See Dunton, Johu, Somers, Lord
? The Character of a modern Addresser. London 1710,440. On a half
sheet.
.
H.
H.
? Compartial Secret Clistory of Arlus, Fortunatus and Adolphus, mi =
misters of state to the Empress of Grand Insula. London 1710 800-
? Survey of de Joe's singular modestyle. London 17108 00
Remarkable Passages in the Life of a private Gentleman (himself)
1711, 8vo. 6s. Treissue of a discourse concerning trouble of mind")
An Essay at a plain Exposition of that difficult phrase, A
good peace. 1711, 8 vor
An Essay on
on the South - Sear Trade with an Inquiry into the Ground
and deasons of the present dislike and complaint against
the settlement of a South. Sea Company, 1711, 8vo.
800
copy is known
The Edinburgh Courant, 1711, Febr. 12t. Of this volume of the
Courant, edited for a time by Defoe, no.
Eleven Opinions about Mr. Ollarligt; with observations, London 1711,8vo,
The Telonious Treaty
Treaty,; oran Inquiry into the reasons which moved
his late Majesty King William &c. London, 1711, 8 vo
An Essay on the History of Parties and Persecutions in Britain.
London 1711, 8vo.
Reasons for a speedy end to this expension War. 1711,800.
Ballance of Europe. 1711, 8vo.
B.
A seasonable baction against Papists and Jacobites. 1712, 8vo. 480.
B. H. Reasons against the Succession of the House of Hanover, with an Inguing,
How far the Abdication of thing James, supposing it to be legal
ought to affect the Person of the Pretender . 17124, & voo
And what if the Pretender should come
Pretender should come? or some considerations of the
Advantages and real Consequences of the Pretender's possessing the Grown-
of Great Britain. 17.12, 8vo.
B. H. An Answer to a Question that nobody thinks of, vij. But what if
the Queen should die? 1712, 8vo.
The Conduct of Parties in England, more cepacially of these Whigs, who
and a Treaty of Peace, 1712, 800.
H.
A new Fest of the Sense of the Nations being a modest comparison be
tween the Addresses to the late King James and those to her present
Majesty,
in order to observe how far the Sense of the Nation may
be judged by either of them. 1710, 8vo.
с
? An Answer to the Tale of a Mettle", folio, a single leaf, printed on one
side only. Oxford 1710.
? The New Wonder; or a trip to St. Paul's, London 1710 8 ver
Instructions from Rome in favour of the Pretender, &c. London, no date
(1710)8vo.
The High Church address to Dr Henry Sacheverell. London, 1710, 8vo.
An Essay upon Public Credit. London 1710, 800.
An Essay upon Loans. London 1910, 8 vr
A Letter from Captain Tom to the Mob now raised by Dr. Jacheverell.
London 1710.

B
now appear against the new Minist
Ministry
1
The present state of the parties in Great Britain, &c. London 1912, 8 vo
? Hannibal at the Gates; or the Progress of Jacobinion, with the present
Pamphlet now published,
Janger of the Pretender; and Remarks on a
intitled Hannibal at the Gates, &c London, 1712, 8 vo
in

? Reasons against Fighting
against Fighting. 1712 8 vo.
? Story of St. Alban's Ghost, or,
1492, 8vo.
The Apparition of Mother Haggy. London,
H. Some Thoughts upon the subject of an besay on the Treaty of Commerce
with 8vo.
L
H. Some further Observations on the Treaty of Navigation and Commerce
between Great Britain and France. 1713.
? Les Toupers de la Grande Bretagne, being the second Part of the Greans
of Europe. 1713, 8 vr.
"Whig's turned Tories; and Hanoverian Tories, from their avowed
Principles, proved Whigs; or each Tide in the other mistaken.
London 1713, 8 va
A general History of the Trade, and expecially considered as it
respects the British Commerce as well as at Home as to all Parts
of the World- 17/13, 8vo. Y nos. Hand 15th August, she
? It Letter from a Member of the House of Commons to his Friend in
1713, 820
A
the Country, relating to the Bill of Commercent of the persons
it strict enquing late Juel, with some
concerned on both sides. London 1713, 8vo.
A Short History of the Parliament (by R. Walpole). London 17/13,801
619. ? The groans of Europe at the prospect of the present posture of affairs.
London 1713, 8vv
A
or
It Letter to the Dissenters. London 1714, 8vo.
The Remedy worse than the Disease,
Reasons
the Bill for preventing the growth of
ons against passing
growth
oth of Schism. London 4714, 800.
Advice to the People of Great Britain; what they ought to expect
from the King. Flow they ought to behave to him. London 1714.
The Family Instructor; in three parts. 1715, 120ur. A second volume vas
afterwards added in 2 parts. London 1718. – An edition, 1809, 12 mo. 2 vols. 65
For The New Family Instructor, intended as a continuation or third
volume to the above, see next page under the date 1727.
4
The secret History of the White Staff, in three parts. London 1894-15. 800-
? The History of the Mitre and Purse, in which the first and second
Parts of the secret history are fully considered. Two parts.
London 1714, 8 va
and
H. An Appealsto Honour and Justice, tho' it be of this worst Enemies. 1715,
8vo. Reed, 1948, with MJ. additions, 30.6s. A plain, manly
convincing defence of this own political life.
A Reply to a Traitorous Libel, intitled "English Advice to the
Freeholders of Great Britains. London 1715, & va
Z
A Olyma to the Mob · London, 1715, 8 va
Нути
A
It Friendly Epistle by way of reproof from one of the people
called Quakers, the Thomas Bradbury! London 1915, 800
A Sharp
people called Quakers, to
Henry
J j MIS
8vo.
H
A Seasonable Expostulation with, and Friendly Reproof to James
Butler, duke of Ormond, &c Loudon 1715, 8vo.

? The Whigs vindicated; the objections brought against them answered
and the present Ministry prood to be the best friends to the Church
by J. Withers, London, 1715, 800
イ
​8vo.
Some Account of the two Night's Court at Greenwich ; wherein may
be seen the Reason, Rise, and Progress of the late unnatural Religion.
Rebellion. 17164
? Thoughts on Trade and a
Trade and a Public Spirit. London, 1716, 8 vo.
Memoirs of the Church of Scotland in her infant, growing,
persecuted and present State. London 1717, 800, 84. A very
valuable work. Bindley, pt. 1. 1735, 16.
Minutes of the Megotiations of M. Mesnager at the Court of Eugs
land. Translated from the Treuch. London, 1777, 800. 48.
A Declaration of Truth to Benjamin Hoadly. London, #777, 800
? What if the Twedes should come? with some Thoughts about
Keeping the Aring on Fort whether they
London 1717, 896.
come or not.
? The State anatomy of Great Britain, containing a particular
account of its several interests and parties, their bent and
genius. London, 1717, 8vo.
? History of the Press-yard. 1717, 8vo.
Memoirs of the Life and Eminent Conduct of Daniel Withams,
&c. London 17.18, & vo
between him, Robinson Crusoe
Friday, 1719! Reed, 1949, 4 tbd.
Life of Daniel Defoe, in a Dialogue
his
man
? Life and strange surprising Adventures of Mr. Dan. De Foe of
London, Hasier. 1719, 3ve (by Gildon).
L.H.B. The dumb Philosopher or Great Britain's Wonders being the
Life of Pickory "bronke, a Trinner's son in the county of
Cornwall. 1719,800. Reprinted, London, 1818, 4to.
A Letter to the Dissenters. London, 1719, 8vo. (this is a different
letter than that of pablished in 1714.
A curious Oration delivered by Father Andrews concerning the
present great Quarrels that divide the Clergy of France,
translated by Daniel Defoe. Londen 1719, 800.
The complete Art of Painting, a Poem, "translated from the
French of In Fresnoy, by J. J. Gentleman). London
17207
S.L.H.B. The Life, Adventures and Pyracies of the famous Captain
Singleton. London 1720, 800. Nassau, ph. 1.941, 18.10.
The third edition. London 1754, 12mo. 6s. bd.
K.
L.H.B. The History of the Life and Adventures of Mr. Duncan Campbell.
London 1720, 800. With a portrait and three plates. Nassau, pt.1.947,
1l. 6s. - Fonthill, 1477, 14 s. Second edition, corrected. E. Curll, 1720
8vo. This work had several title pages: to one the name of William
Bond, Bury St. Edmonds, Suffolk, appeared as the Author.
"

}
C
H. ? Christian Conversation, in six Dialogues. 1720, 8vo.
L.H.B. The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the famous Moll Flanders &c. who was
born in Newgate, written from her own memorandums: London. 1724,8 vo,
Strettell 436, russia, 1 C. Is - 1722. Reed, 1950, L.FI,
L.
Religious Courtship; being historical discourses on the Necessity of
marrying religious Husbands and Wives only be 17228 vo.
This one popular work was written to exhibit i'a familiar manner the
unhappy consequences of marriage between persons of opposite
persuasions in religion. – Seventh edition, 1743, 8vo. with fronti-
spice. Several editions published in 12 mo.
The History and remarkable Life of the truly honourable Colonal Jaque,
vulgarly called Colonel Tack. London M22. 8vo. Second edition
17h3. 8vo - Third edition, London 1724. 8vo. Reed, 1952, 1L.As.
London 1722
8vo.
? Remarks on Febrifugium Magnum, wrote by the Rev. Dr. Hancocke,
Travels of a Greek Philosopher through
the most wicked parts of the world, namely, England, Wales,
Leotland, Breland and Holland. London 1722, 800.
?
The Comical Pilgrim; or
? Hagellum; or a day answer to Dr. Canesche's wonderfully comic
Liquid Book, which the merely calls Febrifuginen Magnuen,
2
London 1723
8vo.
620
3. L. H.
B. K.
L.H.B. The fortunate Mistrees; or, a History of the Life and vast
Variety of Fortunes of Mademoiselle de Betan, afterwards the
Countess of Wintelsheim in Germany. Being the Person known
ལ
by the name of Lady Roxana in the Trice of thing Charles
The Second - London 1724, 8vo. Reed, 1951, 13 s. 6d. – In later
editions a continuation, evidently not by Defoe, but in imitation
of his style, is added. – 1775, 12 mo. 3, s.
The Great Law of Subordination considerd; on the Insolence
and musufferable Behaviour of Servants in Angland inquird into
London, 1724, 8vo. Reed, 1982, 7s.
7/
? A Spy upon the Conjuror; or a Collection of surprising Stories
relating to Mr. Duncan Campbell. By a Lady. London 1724,
8 vo (Attributed to Mrs Eliza Playwood, whose name appears
on the last title page).
да
gs.u.
Every Body's Business is Nobody's Business ;
private Abuses.
public Grievances; exemplified in the Pride, Insolence, and
exorbitant thages of our Women Servants&c. By Andrew
Moreton, 619. Fourth edition, corrected, 1725, Gvo. Reprinted,
1767.
L. B.
K.
S.L..H.B.A. New Voyage pound the World, by a bourse never sailed before.
London 1725, 8vo. 2 parts, frontispice and three plates.
Sp. of Ely, 915, 8s. It map has
been published, in which the track of this fictitious voyage
is laid down.
Roxburghe, 7159, 12s.
? The Dumb Projector; being a sumprising account of a tripts Hol,
Land made by Mr. Juncan Campbell. 1725, 8vo.
Mere Nature delineated; or, a Body without a Soul, being obser
vations upon the Young Forester lakely brought to town from
Germany. London 1726, 800. Aright, 2. l. 78.
L. B.
?H.
L.
L.
L.
H.
H
2
The Political History of the Devil, as well ancient as modern : in two
parts. London, 1726 8vo. With frontispice. Roxburghe, 6702, 8 s.
Reed, 1936, 80.6d - Second edition 1726, 800. – Third edition 1734,
8vo. Is. _ Fourth edition 1739. – Another, 1970.
? The Friendly Daemon; or the Generous apparition, London 1726, 8vo.
The Four Years voyages of Capt. George Roberts · London 1726,8vo.
An Essay upon Literature; or an enquiry into the Antiquities and
original of letters. London 19726, 8 vv.
The Supernatural Philosopher; or the Mysteries of Magick &c. Lraden,

.
1726,8 vo
The Noyages and Adventures of Capt. Robert Boyle, with the story
of Mrs. Willars, and the voyage of Richard Castelman.
London 1726, 8vo.
The Complete English Tradesman. London, 19271, 8 vs. 2 vols.
An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions. By
Andrew Moreton London, 1727, 8vo. Massou, pt. 1.945. Ph.51.
·
London 1729, 1735, Ussued in 1738 with a new title, The Secrets
of the Invisible World disclosed &c. London, 1770, 12mo,
The Protestant Monastery ; or, a Complaint against the Brutality
of the present Age, particularly the Pertness and Insolence of
Youth to aged persons. By Andrew Moreton, 619. 1727, 8vo.
A System of Magick; or, a History of the Black Art. London,
1727, 8vo. With a frontispiece. I s.
-
bd.
A Treatise concerning the Use and Abuse of the Marriage Bed.
1727, 800. Roxburghe, 1384, 1 l. 1s. Reed, 1985, 7s.
A new Family Instructor. London 17227, 8vo. Republished in 1732,
with a change in the title:
History of the principal discoveries and improvements in the
several Arts and Sciences. London, 1727, 8vo
A Plan of the English Commerce: being a complete Prospect of
the Trade of the Nation, as well the home Trade as the foreign;
in three parts. London, 1728, 8vo - Second edition, with an Appendix,
1730, 8vo. Reed, 1939, 2s. 6d. – New title, 1737, 8 ve
? Thoughts on Trade: London, 1728, 8 vs. Horne Took 182, 40. 6d.
Augusta Triumphans, or the way to make London the most
flourishing town lity in the Universe, &c. By Andrew Moreton/
Esq. London, 1729, 8vo.
An humble Proposal to the People of England for the increase of their
Trade and encouragement of their Manufactures. 129.
Disecctio Mentes Humanae ; or a satiric Essay upon Modern Critics.
London, 1730. 8vo. This was the last book printed during Defoed life;
pedied 1731.
1738, 12 mv. 2 vols, 5s.
Reed, 1944, 5.8.
from which Lewis reprint is taken, defoe is miserably garbled
and castrated
In the 12mo. edition
T
*

621. ? A Journey through the Austrian Netherlands. London, 1732, 8 va
? Secret Services of John Mackay, Esq. during the Reign of K. Williams, &. Anne
and K. George I. Published from the original Manuscript. Loudry, 1735. 8vo. 15
? Time's Telescope universal and perpetual, fitted for all countries and la,
pacities. By Duncan Campbell. London, 11734, & ver Constable, 302, 60. bd.
? It new English
А
English Dictionary, by B. N. De Foc. Westminster, 1735, 12 mo,
? A Postscript to John Bull, containing the History of the Crown Inn,
and other Novels, in four parts, and appendix. London,
? Remarks upon Remarks; or some Animadversions ond
by one who calls himself. Dr. Gardner, others say Daniel de Toe; in.
nr. d. 8vo.
Treatise wrote
inm
by
the Rev.
Hancock, for the Gennal Good of Mankind, 8vo. See p. 620, col. 1.
Mercator, or Commerce retrieved, a newspaper, 26 May, 1713, to 20 July,
1714, by William Brown and others. In answer to this appeared
British Merchant or Commerce preserved, 1. Aug. 1713, to 27 July
1714, by Henry Martyn, 1713. Defoe had the principal part in
this able and now very scarce paper.
British Nation. See : Weekly Review,
Review of the State of the British Nation. See: Her
612.
p.
L.B. ? The Life and Adventures of Mrs. Claistian Davies, the British Amazon,
commonly called Mother Ross. London 1741, 800. front.
Address on the Empris cument of the Hentish Petitioners (Reprinted in
the ninth volume of the Somers Collection of Tracts).
Parochial Tyranny; on the Housekeeper's Complaint against the
Exeactions, &c. of select Vestries, &c. Qy Andrew Moreton, Leg.
n.d. 8vo. (17271.
A
sheet.
land, cosamined and asserted.
The Dissenters vindicated from Reflections in a late Pamphlet,
called Lawful Tnyjudices. Edinburgh 1716, 440. It single
2. Ways for advancing the Nation. Reed, 3877, 10.6 d
The Selection from the Works of Daniel Je Foc. 1791.8 70.3 vols.
This selection consists of the well-known Adventures of Robinson
Crusoe : including his Serious Reflections, with a View of the Angelick
World; the True- Born Englishman, a saturi; and the Orginal Power of
the People of England
The Life of Daniel De Toe (by George Chalmers). London 1985, 440. –
London, 1790, 8vo. pork.
Memon's of the Life and Trines of Daniel de Fre, containing a Revied
of his writings, by Walter Wilson: London, 1830, 8've 3 vols. 2.1.20
Collecked series of Je Toe's Works have frequently securred in sales,
but no one has yet ever succeeded in forming an entirely complete set.
Mr. Grenvilled, detailed in the Bibliotheca Grenvilliana, is tolerably
extensive. A set sold at Mr. Wilson's sale in 1847 for 52 l. wanting,
among other things, the Weekly Review. Another soldat Puttick's,
in December 1849, for 71 l. was a little more complete. The most
complete set with which Jum acquainted is that belonging to
of Manchester.
the
De
Mr. Most of the proceedings in France for dis covers near Calais.
Autition. A
H. murderers of the English Gentlemen, Teph, 21, 1693, near Calais
Translated m the French.
1724,

*
Legen
THE RE
d
- ARY NE.
CADÈMIPS.
Novels (edited by Sir Walter Scott). Edinburgh, Ballantyne,
1810 . fsc. 8vo. 12 vols.
Contents: Robinson Crusoe; Memoirs of a Cavalier; Life of Colonel
Jack : Adventures of Captain Singleton; Voyage
World; and History of the Rague in London. 1665.
Drury 1100, 4 l. 50.
round the
"Works, with Memoir, by Wen. Hazlitt. London 1840-1843. (vich)
Vols. 1–3 (discontinued).
royal 8 vo
The contents of this edition are indicated by the letter H
prefixed to the preceding list.
•
Novels and Miscellaneous Works, with a Biographical Memoir
of the Author, literary prefaces and illustrative notes by
Sir Walter Scott and others (edited by C. Lewis), 1839–41.
fscp. 8 vo . 20 vols. published 5 lar.
Contents. - Vols I and II. Robinson Crusve. I. Captain Singleton.
II
IV. Moll Flanders. T. Colonel Jack, Apparition of Mrs. Veal,
II. Memoirs of a Cavalier. M. New Voyage round the World.
TI. . Captain Carleton . Mother Ross. IX. History of the Plague. the
Consolidator . I . History of the Devil. II. Roxana. IH. System
of Magick. III. History of Apparitions. J. Religious Court.
ship - XV. XV. Family Instructor. J. XUIT; English
Tradesman . MX - Duncan Campbell; The Dumb Thilosopher.
"Every Body's Business is Nobody's Business. XI. Life by
Chalmers. The Trueborn Englishman
J.
XV
a
Novels and Miscellaneous Works (as far as yet published,
in Bohn's British Classics - Evols. at Is. C d. each, vij =
Vol. I. Life and Adventures of Captain Singleton; Life of
Colonel Back.
Carleton
I. Memon's of a Cavalie: Memoirs of Capt. Singleton, Dickory
Cronke, or the Daund Philosopher; Every Body's Business
is Nobody & Business.
dumb
I. Moll Flanders ; History of the Devil.
II. Roxana, or the Fortunate Mistress; Life of Mother Ross-
an anon
T . History of the Plague, 1665; Fire of London 1666 (but this
ymous writer, Edward Waterhouse);
Betical Essay on the Storm; Trueborn
Tucs
is by
The Storm,
Englishman
II. Life and Adventures of Duncan Campbell: New Vegage
round the world. Tracts relating to the Hanoverian
ression, viss - A seasonable Warning
the Insionations of Papists and Jacobites in
against
the Pretender; an Answer to a Question that Nobody thinks of,
ur of
vij
But what if the Queen should die? - Reasons
The Succession of the House of Hanover. And what if the
should come?
M. Robinson Crusoe.
and Caution
fär.
ainst
*...
•
authentic sources,
8vo.
vs. 50.
576
K - The Works of Daniel Defoe carefully selected from the most
With Chalmers "Life of the Authorz
annotated. Edited by John S. Keltie.
Edinburgh : William P. Nimmol Co. 1880. Royal 8
kly discovered facts
Contents: Preface, Note on the recently
XM and 587 pp.
con,
cerning Defoe; Life of defoe; Robinson Crusse;
(Part set and 2nd). The Life of Colonel Jack, Meniones
of a Cavalier. The Life
Life and Adventures of Duncan-
Campbell: Journal of the Plague in London
Everybody's business is Nobody's business.
The apparition of Mrs. Vral. The Shortest Way
man. The True-born
English Leadesman ( Extracts), A. Hymn to the
almes no
with Dissenters.
charity
Siving
авто
на
The Complete English
Pillory.
•

P
M = The Earlier Life and the Earlier Works of Daniel Defoe, edited by
Henry Morley, London, George Routledge and Sons, 1889 8
( Carisbrooke Library, vol. 3.) .
t
Memoirs
The Consolidator; or,
Contents : An Essay on Projects; The Trueborn Englishman;
The Shortest Way with the dissenters; A Hymn
to the Pillory
of Fundry Fransactions in the World of the
Moon. A True Relation of the Apparition of
Mrs. Veal the next day after her death to
Mrs. Bargrave, at Canterbury, the eighth of
September 1705.

Extracts from Bohn- Lowndes,
relating to Alexander Telkirk,
Providence displayed:
Selkirk, Alexander
" or a very surprising account
of one. Mr. Alexander Selkirk, written by his own Hand. 4to.
Twelve pages. This tract is printed nearly verbation from the narrative
given by Capt. Woodes Rogers in his Cruizing Voyage round the World 1712
Other accounts of this man, on whose story Defoe is said to have
formed this Robinson Crusoe,
be found in Capt. Edw. Cooke's Voyage,
1712, 10. 34, and the Englishman by Sir R. Steele, no. 26. Reprinted in
the fifth volume of the Harleian Miscellany, vol. 5.
may
Providence displayed; or the remarkable Adventures of t
Selkirk, of Largo, in Scotland, &c. by Isaac James . London 1800, 12 mo,
With a map of the island and 24 cuts.
ひわ
​The Solitary of Tuan Fernandez, or the real Robinson Crusoe, By
the author of Picciola (Z. B. Paintaine/sic!). Translated
from the French by it. C. Wilber. Boston, U. S. 1851, 12 mo.
Notices respecting Alexander Selkirk from the parish records
of Largo in Leathand Fife, will be found in Collet's Relies of
Literature, 341-844,
་
enthalten:
Bd. I. Robinson Crusoe. First Part.
Beh
I
Second Part
放
​Third part: Serious Reflections.
h
4
h
M
4
L
и
n
Romances and Marratives by Daniel Defoe. Edited by G. A. Artten
with Portrait and Allustrations by 5. B. Yeats. 16 volumes
London, Z. M. Dent & Co. 1895. post 8100,
L.
де

by
M
n
IV. Juncan Campbell.
An Appeal to Honour and Justice
4. IX. Journal of the Plague
J. Colonel Fack. I ST. Colonel Jack. I.
Reverybody's Business is Nobody's Business.
The Protestant monastery,
NII The Fortunate Mistress (Roxana)). I.
میں
Appendix: Captains Woodes Rogers Account of the Rescue
of Alexander Selkirk
Steele's Account of Selkirk
A remarkable Passage of an Apparition.
The Friendly Demon; or, the Generous Apparition
V. Memoirs of a Cavalier
II Captain Singletons
TT. Moll Handers. I.
VIII Moll Flanders. I
4
XII The Fortunate Mistress (Roxana ) II -
4 X A New Voyage pound the World
а
XV. Due Preparations for the Plague
ян
The Dumb Philosopher (Dickory bronke).
The Apparition of Mrs. Veal.
Destruction of the Sole of St. Vincent
NPI. The King of Pirates : Captains Averge
The Cartoucheans in France.
The History of the Remarkable Life of John Sheppard.
A Narrative of all the Robberies, Escapes, & of John Sheppard.
Life
The Life and Actions of Jonathan Wild
of
The Adventures of Captain John Gow
Lives of six notorious Street - Robbers.
Daniel Defoe,
J. Austin Allibone.
(A Critical Dictionary of English Literature and
British and American Authors, Vol. I. 488-490)
1859.

Copied by
Dr. H. Ulbrich,
Chemnitz
1890.

Daniel Defoe (Aus: A britical Dictionary of English Literature
and British and American Authors, Living and
deceased, from the earliest accounts to the middle
of the nineteenth century. Containing thirty thousand
biographies and literang
forty
of subjects. By J. Austin Allibone.
London, Tribuer a lie. – Philadelphia, Childs a Peterson.
1859.
Dol. I. pp. 488-490.
notices,
with
indexes

J. 488
ar
а
De Joe, Daniel, 1661-1731, was a son of Games Foe (the son prefixed a de to his name,
butcher of St. Giles,
of St. Giles, Cripplegate, London - Educated among the Dissenters,
he was intended for a Presbyterian minister; but we find him first a political
author, (in 1683) then a soldier, as an adherent to of the duke of Monmouth,
and subsequently a hosier, a tilemaker, and a woolen merchant, in succession
The publication referred to above is the Treatice against the Turks, which was
intended to support the cause of the Austrians - His excellent treatise, called
Essay upon Projects, appeared in 1697. In 1699 he published a poetical
satire entitled The True-born Englishman, a defence of King William and
the Butch. This was successful, and gave the author a great reputation.
Three years later, the publication of the Shortest Way with the dissenters, involed
Defoe in great trouble.
an
4
In this playful piece of irony, the author gravely proposed as the easiest and
speediest way of ridding the land of Dissenters, to hang their ministers
and, banish the people. But both Churchmen and Dissenters viewed the
whole in a serious light; and while many of the former applauded the
author as a staunch and worthy Churchman as many of the latter,
filled with apprehensions dire, began to prepare for Tyburn and Smithfield.
The Ligh Church party, however, were not disposed to tolerate irony; the Ilouse of
Commons declared the book a libel, and ordered it to be burnt by the hands
of the common hangman and the zealous polemic
alous polemic was invited to ass une
a prominent position in the pillory. Pope thus refers to this unpalatable
exaltation:

Earless on high stood unabashed de Foc. Dunciad.
.
The sufferer himself displayed his equanimity by in diting a hymn to the pillory,
which he describes as
14
Condemned to punish fancy in-
A hieroglyphic state-machine
Whilst imprisoned in Newgate, where he was confined for two years, he pub. a
periodical paper called The Review. In 1706 he again entered the political field
by his Essay at removing Prejudices against the Union with Scotland, and in 1709
pub . his celebrated History of the Union. The lact of his political tracts was
An Appeal to Honour and Justice, intended as a hint to the House of
Ilanover of the obligations due to the neglected writer. A proper reward
QUANDA NE KADAR
DONNEN
PPARTENAYAH CANA
Nagy k UZIMA
AMA ME
>

210
would have been very acceptable to the author, for he seldom prospered
in trade, and often knew the bitterness of pecuniary embarrassment.
Among his best-known works, which amount in number to at least
Wilson thinks some have escaped him, and see Lowndes's Bible
Man., Watt's Bibl, and Biogr. Brit., – are the following: Robinson Cruson
(first published in 1719) A New Voyage round the World; The Life of Captain
Tingleton; The Adventures of Roxana ; The History of Duncan Campbell ;
The Life of
Moll Flanders; The Life of Colonel Jack ; The Memoirs of a
of a Cavalier
during the Avil Wars in Religious Courtship; A Formuel &
England
of the
Plague in 1665; The Political Hist. of the Devil and a Trystem of Magis;
A Relation of the Apparition of one Mrs. Veal; It Tour through England
and Scotland; An Essay on the Treaty of Commerce with France; A Plan
of the English Commerce; Giving Alus ao Charity. Of the last two works
на
an eminent authority remarks.

та
The Plan of the English Commerce is full of & information; and, though des
sultory, is ably written, and contains sundry passages in which
the influence of trade and industry in promoting the well being of the
labouring classes and the public wealth is set in the most striking point of
view... Giving Alms Charity is written with considerable cleverness..
But these arguments are not so conclusive as some have supposed..
The truth is, that in matters of this sort De For was quite as prejudiced
and purblind as the bulk of those around him. He had not read, or
he had read, he had plainly, at all events, profited nothing by, the
conclusive reasonings in the Tract on the fact bendix Trade, previously
referred to. See p. 100 . " Mc Mulloch's Lit of Polit. Econ.
Another authority entitled to great respect, remarks :
ہے
As a common writer, de Foc is fairly entitled to stand in the foremost
rank among
their fame.. His distinguishing characteristics are
among his
his contemporaries, whatever may be their performances of
orginality and
depth. He has many sentiments with regard to traffick, which are
through his Reviews, and which I never read in any other book.
George Chalmer'ss Life of Je Foc. London 1790. 8.
rescattered
An edition of the novels of de Joe was pub. in Edinburgh in 1810, 12 vols. 800.
works, with Memoir of his Life and
Miscellanenes Works, with Memoir, Literary
Lon. 1840-1843, 3 vols. 8vo.
Walter Scott and others (Talboy's edition). Oxford, 1840-1841, 20 vols. 12 mno.
Prefaces, Illustrative Notes, etc. by For
This edition is now
-very
scarce. It was pab. at 25. The reader must not fail to
procure that interesting work, The Life and Times of Daniel Se Joe, with Review
of his Writings and Opinions
Opinions on Important Matters, Walter Wilson, &
M, 3 vols. 8vo.
བ་
4
I have given your volumes a careful peruſal, and they have taken their degree
of classical authors on my shelves. De Foe was a
but what darkness vast in as to far the larger part of
De Toe was always my darling;
part of his writings.
I have now an
$
Epitome of them all.
C. Lamb.
and
ни
literary
рет
Је
a
com
never before
Lone
Before quoting some
author, and notices of
testimonies to defoid general merits as an
cite
cular works, it will be only potry to cell some opinions upon that delightful
luxuries
particular
romance - the first a
among
but the party abn
Allough
Ie Ive has been charged with surreptitionally appropriating the papers of Alexander
Park.
Selkirk to the formation of his celebrated work; but the
peatedly and confidently brought, appears to be destitute of fo
must not be neglected by the reader.
Howell's Life and Adventures of Selkirk must not be
As this is the latest, so it is the most authentic account of Selkirk, and em-
braces a variety of particulars relating to his personal history
municated to the public. It is an elegant little volume, and will be read with
interest by every
admirer of Robinson Crusoe. » Wilson's Memoir of Daniel de Fol
Other accounts of Selkirk will be found in this own narration, entitled Providence Dis.
played, printed from Capt. Woodes Rogers's bruising Voyage round the World, 1712. Jee
Isaac James's publication of Providence Displayed, 1800, 1200 - in Capt. Edus bookle's
Voyage 1712, p. 34; in the Englishman, by For Rd. Steele, no. 26; and in Collets Relics
of Literature, 341-344.
Robinson Crusse first appeared in a periodical publication entitled The Original London Post,
was so great
or Heathcote's Intelligencer, Nos. 125 to 289 inclusive, in 1719 . Its success was so
ear. In
that four odits, were pub., 3 in 2 vols. 800, and an abridgt. in 12mo, in the same year.
1720, 800, appeared Serious Reflections during the Life and Adventures of Robinson brusse.
with his Vision of the Angelic World. This was intended as a third vol. to Robinson Crusse,
but was not so well received. Of the many edits, of Crusoe, we may expecially notice Tyai's
illustrated one, pab. in about 40tos, with engravings from designs by Granville, and
an edit. of 1820, 2 vols. 800., with engravings by Charles Heath, from designs by Mr. Hodha
Of ever the late Mr. Hothard entered more warully upon any one of his labours
than another, these illustrations to Robinson Crusoe have that honour;
posed at a time when he was in fullest possession of his powers, there is a charm
about them which no other book illustrations possess. They are as unique in their
way as the book they adorn.
L
.com
4
Robinson Crusoe must be allowed, by the most rigid moralists, to be one of those novels
"which one may read, not only with pleasure, but also with profit. It breathes throughout
a spirit of piety and Renevolence; it sets in a very striking light the importance
of the mechanic arts, which they who know not what it is to be without them are
apt to undervalue . It fixes in the mind a lively idea of the horrors of solitude,
and, consequently, of the sweets of social life, and of the blessings we derive from
conversation and mutual aid; and it shows how by labouring with one's own
haud, one
may
secure independence, and
open for one's self many sources of health
and amusement. I agree, therefore, with Rousseau, that this is one of the best
books that can be put into the hands of children.» Dr. Beattie's Moral and
Critical dissertations.
one

↓
44
ל
3
។
We quote from Rousseau's opinion, refered to by Dr. Beattie :
As we must have books, there is one already written, whicch, in my opinion, afforde
a com.
ん
​plete treatise oumatural education. This book shall be the first Emilius shall read;
in this, indeed, will, for a long time, convict his whole library, and it will always hold
a distinguished place among others. It will afford us the text to which all our conver,
sations on the objects of natural science will serve only as a comment. It will serve
us as our guide during our progress to a state of reason; and will ever afterwards
give us constant pleasure, unless our taste be wholly vitiated.
h
You ask impaticully, What is the title of this wonderful book? Is it Aristotle, Pling
or Buffon? No ; this Rotineon Coussé. Evcilius and Sophin, or a New System of
Education, I 59-63, English Araus. 1767. 12mo.
4
Was there ever any thing written by mere man, that the reader wished longer, except
Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and the Pilgrim's Progress ? » Dr Janiel Johnson.
How happy that this, the most moral of romances, is not only the most
"charming of books, but also the most instructive." - Chalmers -
Robinson Crusoe is delightful to all ranks and classes. It is capital Kitchen
reading, and equally worthy fromits deep interest, to find a place in the
libraries of the wealthiest and the most learned." Charles Lamb
Perhaps there exists no work, either of instruction or entertainment, in the
Englich language, which has been more generally read, and more universally
admired, then the Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. It is difficult
to say in
what the charcu consists, by which persons of all classes and de-
nominations are thus fascinated; yet the majority of readers will recollect
it as among the first works that awakened and interested their youthfel
even in advanced life, and in the maturity of their
attention; and feel, even in advanced
understanding, that there are still associated with Robinson Crusoe,
the sentiments peculiar to that period, when all is new, all glittering
in prospect, and t when those visions are most bright, which the experience
of after life tends only to darken and destroy. Walter Scott-

<
La
We shall now quote some opinions of a few of our author's other works, and of his pe.
He
culiar excellencies as an author?
<
De Foe was employed by Queen stave on a special mission to Scotland respec
ting the Union. His work is the most authentic on the subject. Chalmers
- His History of the Union is sufficient to place the author among the
soundest historians of the day. J. F. Dibdin -
4
4
De Foe visited Scotland about the time of the Union, and it is evident that
the anecdotes concerning this unhappy period, must have been peculiarly
interesting to a man of his liveliness of imagination, who excelled
it in actual speech
all others in dramatizing a story, and presenting
Lon, Quar. Rev. XXIV. 361.
and action before the reader." Lon
4
It will be in vain to contend for any thing like the same merit
a
490 (as in Crusoe) in Moll Flanders, Captain Singleton, Colonel Rack, and Roxana,
yet it is, in part, of the same description. We advert to the singular truth
and correctness of the individual portraiture. Whether it is possible to
benefit the world by veritable likenesses of harlots, pirates, and sharpers,
may
be doubted, but it is something to have them exhibited in their
native deformity, without being sentimalized into Gulnares Conrads, and
interesting enfaus perdus of that Byronic description. Whatever caveat
may be entored against these productions, the first-rate sign of genius,
the power of imagining
character within a certain range of existence,
and throwing into it the breath of life and individualization,
a pre-eminent mental characteristic of Defoe » » Westminster Review MMI 69ff.
White all ages and descriptions of people hang delighted once Robinson Crusoe,
and shall continue to do so, we trust, while the world lasts, how few com
paratively will bear to be told, that there exist other fictions narratives by
the same author writer - four of them at least of no inferior interest : Roxana z
Singleton-Moll Flanders - Colonel Tack - are all genuine offspring of the same father
was
over
4
1
some
one
of
ev
very
them
every
An unpractised midwife would swear to the nose, lip, forehead, and eye of
fall of incident, and
of them. They are in their way, as
bit as romantic... We would not hesitate to say, that in no
other book of fiction, where the lives of such characters are described, is
close
or the suffering made more
and deliquency made less seductive,
guilt.
ди
the penitence more earnest or more bleeding, or
ка
follow the commission, or the penitence,
the intervening flaches of religious visitation upon the rude, uninstructed
soul, more meltingly and, fearfully painted. "Charles Lamb.
ilt
Most of
our readers are probably familiar with defoe's history of that great cala.
- a work in which fabulous incidents and circumstances
mity (The Plague).
are combined with authentic narratives, with an art and verisimilitude
which no other writer has ever been able to communicate to fiction...
The author of Robinson Crusoe was an Englishman, and one of those English-
Edui. Rev. XXIV, 321.

A
men who make us proud of the name.
Few men have been more accurate observers of life and manners, and of the
than de Foc.. His Movels, in spite of much improba,
mechanism of society, then de Foc.
have been oftener taken for true narratives than any fictions that
ever were composed. Lon-Quar. Rev. XXIV. 361.
bility,
rition,
не
as Keen critics as
In proof of the above assertion, we may mention that the alleged appearance of the appa -
Mrs. Veal was believed to be sober matter of fact; the Memoirs of
a Cavalier have been often cited as historical authority, and vere credited
Жиди
by Ford Chatam; the Journal of the Plague was believed by
Dr. Mead and Dr. Cheyne, and still more a
amusing
- the track of the pretended
Voyage round the World was
actually laid down in a staid, dignified, respectable
looking map ! On the publication of the Voyage to the World of Cartesius, scarce
mention was made of this New World, but an infinite number of French, English,
and Dutchmen resolve to go and see it. p.1.
The compliment conveyed in the last sentence of the annexed quotation which ve
italicize is therefore well deserved :
As a writer of fiction, whether we consider the originality of his genuis, the
そ
​simplicity of his design, or the utility of his moral, defre
universally acknowledged to stand in the foremost ground. That his
inventive powers were of the first order, no one can doubt; nor that be
possessed the art, above most other men, of infusing into
into his performances
all the genuine pathos of nature, without the least apparent effort
or exaggeration. Wilson.
they
Sir Walter Scott thus defines the pathos which affects us so sensibly in the writings
Joe.
of
the Pathos is not defoe's general characteristici he had too little delicacy of mind.
&q
board
on
When it comes, it comes uncalled, and is created by the circumstances,
not sought for by the author. The excess, for instance, of the natural
longing for human society which brusve manifects while
of the stranded Spanish vessel, by falling in a sort of agong, as he
repeated the words, Oh that but one man had been saved! oh that
there had been but one!" is in the highest degree pathetic. The agoni
zing reflections of the solitary, when he is in danger of being
to sea, in his rach attempt to circumnavigate his island, are
ch
Арав со поим
now
MAS
4
also
af
He
d as one
of the most
w
Ole must be acknowledged
of the ablest, as he was one
captivating, writers of which this island can boast. _ Chalmers.
*******
In an estimate of the writings of de Toc, the strongly- marked moral and religions
tendency of his compositions must by no means be forgotten. The eminent
authority just quoted, who, as his biographer, carefully investigated the
incidents of a troubled life extending to the threescore and ten years al
loved to many
declares as the result of his investigations that
The events of his life prove hinrentitled to the praise of integrity,
sincerity, and unvaried consistency. Sir Walter Scott.
Another biographer remarks that his review of the life
remarks that his review of the life and writings of de Foe
had satisfied him that


4
h
L
Religion was uppermost in his mind, that he reaped its consolations,
and lived under a habitual sense of its practical importance.
Wilson
६
Dam a strich,
and
stoick," says he, in whatever may be the event of things. I'll do
say what I think is a debt to justice and truth, without the
least regard to clamour and reproach; and, as I am utterly concerned
at human opinion, the people that throw away their breath so- a freely
in censuring me may
consider of some better improvement to make
of their passions than to waste them on a man that is both above and
below the reach of them. I know too much of the world to expect good
in it, and have learnt to value it a little to be concerned at the
evil. I have gone through a life of wonders, and am the subject of a vast
variety of providences. I have been fed more by miracler than Elijah,
when the ravens were his purveyors.
ors. I have sometime
up the scenes of any life in this distich:
ago summed
No man has tasted different fortunes more;
And thirteentimes I have been rich and poon.

1
4
In the school of affiction, Thave learnt more philosophy than at the academ
and more divinity than from the pulpit : in prison I have learnt that
liberty does not consist in open doors, and the egress and reg
and regress of loca,
motion. I have seen the rough side of the world as well as the smooth;
and have, in less than half a year, tasted the difference between the closet
of a king and the dungeon of Newgate. I have suffered deeply for cleaving
to principles, of which integrity Shave lived to say, none but those
O suffered for ever reproached me with it
G
For our
the mere
mere men
4
refreshly
as a
any class whatever.
The conclude with an eloquent tribute to de soè's merits from an authority
of the first pank !
by the bustle and cares of middle age,
part, surrounded as we are
mention of our author's name falls upon us as cool and,
drop of rain in the hot and parched midday. We are compelled
to regard him as a
huir as a phenomenon,
phenomenon, and to consider his genius as something
rare and curious, which it is impossible to assign to.
Throughout the ampule stores of fiction in which our litterature abounds,
more than that of other people, there are no works which at all resemblé
his, either in the design or execution. Without any precursor in the
strange and unwonted path he chose, and without a follower, he
spun his webs of coarse but original materials, which no mortal had
ever thought of using before; and when he had done, it seems as
though he had snapped the thread, and conveyed it beyond the reach
of imitation. To have a cauncerous train of followers is usually
considered as adding to the reputation of a writer; it is a peculiar
honour to De Foe that he had none. Whereever he had stolen a grace
beyond the reach of art, whereever the vigour and freshness of nature
are apparent, there he is unaccessible to imitation.. In the fictions
of De Foe we meet with nothing that is artificial,
breathe the breath of life." – "Lon. Retrospective Review π. 854., 1871.
I.
or that does not


Copy by Dr. H. Ullrich
Chemnity.
May 1890
уда

Daniel Defoe,
by
Leslie Stephen.
(Extracts from the Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XIV, 280-90).
1888.


Copied by
Dr. H. Ullrich.
Chemnitz.
1890.
0
***
.
Daniel Defoe. (Dictionary of National Biography
adited by Leslie Stephen.
Vol. XTJ. (Jamon - D'Eyncourt.)
London, Smith, Elder Co., 15 Waterloo Place
1888. [ pp. 280 - 293 Zweispaltig).

was
6. 280. Defoe, Daniel, (1661? – 1731), journalist and novelist, was born
in 1660 or 1661 in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate. This
6. 28%. a. date is fixed by his statement in the preface to the Protestant
Monastery, published 1727, that he was then in his sixty-seventh
year. His grandfather, Bames Joe, kept a pack of hounds (Renew,
vol. M. preface) and farmed his own estate at Elton, Northampton,
shire - His father, Bames Foe, was a younger son, who became a butcher
in St. Giles's, retired upon a competency, living in 1705, and is
called my
late father by his son on 23 Sept. 1708 [ib. I. 150, TV. 306).
For changed his name to defse or De Toe about 1703, for unascertained
reasons (see Wilson's Defoe I 231). The parish register contains no entry
the con-
of his baptism. His parents were
were nonconformists, and joined,
gregation in Bishopsgate Street formed by Samuel Annesley (9.21),
the ejected member minister of Cripplegate. Defoe's respect for his
pastor is shown by an elegy upon Annesley's death in 1697. It is
supposed, though on very slight evidence, that he married Annes,
He
ley's daughter (Wilson I. 345). Ill was thus brought up as a dissenter,
and at the age of fourteen sent to the academy at Newington Green
Kept by Charles Morton, another ejected divine. Jefre speaks well of
the school (Present State of Parties, 316-20). The lessons vere
all given
in English, and many of the pupils, according to defre, distinguished
themselves by their mastery of the language. Here he acquired the foun.
dation of the knowledge of which he afterwards in answer to Swift,
who had called him and Putchin (Examiner, No 16.) « two stupid
illiterate scribblers »". He understood Latin, Spanish and Italian,
" could read "Greek, and could speak Freuch«fluently" . He knew
something of mathematics, had a wide acquaintance with; 1 geography
the modern history, and expecially of the commercial condition of
all countries (Applebee's Journal, 1720; in Lee's Defoe II 435; and Res
view, M. 455. He had also gone through the theological and phils.
siphical courses necessary to qualify him for the ministry.
gave up the career for which he had been intended, thinking that
the profession position of a dissenting minister was precarious
and often degrading (Present State of Parties, 319). He went into
He
***
^
4
C
α
Fuste
business about 1685, and on 26 Fan 1687-88 became a liveryman of the
city of London. He denied (Review, I. 149, 150) that he had been
hosier, and appears to have been a hose factor, or middleman,
between the manufacturer and the retailer. Defoe imbibed the politi
cal principles of his teachers and friends. During the popish plas
he joined in meetings to protect the witnesses from intimidation.
(ib. M. 297). He was out with Monmouth in 1685 (Appeal to Honour an
281b. when some of his fellow – (287 b) students at Newington lost their
lives. Defoe's precise share in the rebellion does not appear. In 1701 he
wrote a curious pamphlet on the succession, proposing to invectigate
the claim of Monmouth and his descendants. Defoe speaks of an early
writing, which Mr. Lee identified with a « Letter.. on
Letter .. on his Majesty's Decla
ration for Liberty of Conscience 1687%. This seems really to belong to
Bishop Burnet (Notes and Queries, 4th ser. TV 253, 307). Earlier
writings,. Speculum Crapegownorum pts. 1 and I 1682, attacking
the clogy, and a tract attacking the Turks during the siege of
Vienna (1683), are regarded as spurious by Mr. Lee (I 15), though
attributed to the defre by Wilson (I85-93). In 1688 he joined William's
army
at Henley during the advance to London (Four through
Great Britain, vol. I. let. I pp. 64-70). He appeared as a
втопреч
in a volunteer regiment of horse which escorted William and Mary to
great banquet in the city, 29 Oct. 1689 (Oldmixon II. 697
His political or literary distractions or his speculative tendencies
were probably the cause of bankruptcy, which took place about
1692 (Review # 699). He had been engaged in foreign trade. The
had visited France, had been at Aix-la-Chapelle, and had resided
for a time in Spain (Tour, vol. I, let. I pp. 16, 121, M. let. I p. 64.
Review M. 527). His debts were considerable, and he se
says that
he had in 1705 reduced them, exclusive of composition, from
17000 l. to less than 5000 l. (Reply to Haversham's Vin-
see also letter to Fransham, Notes and Queries, 5th ser. M 283).
Kitchen, though an opponent, also bears tectimony to his having
honourably discharged in full debts for which composition had
been accepted (Balogue between a Dissenter and the Observator 1703),
Defse characteristically turned his experience to account by soon
afterwards writing an. Eessay upon Projects, which did not appear
however, till 1698 (Lee I 28, 38), containing suggestions for
national bank, for a system of assurance, for friendly societies,
for. pension offices or savings hacks, for idiot asylums, for
reform of the bankruptcy laws, and for various academies . The
suggestions, though of. course already in the air, place him among the most
a
Vindicatio
a
a

2.
54;
Diceking
His most remarkable
८
was
a
are a
intelligent observers of the social conditions of the day. About 1694 he was
invited to take charge of a commercial agency in Spain, but refused the
offer in order to take part, with some eminent persons in suggesting
ways and means to government, then struggling to meet the requirements
of the war. In 1695 he was appointed, accountant to the commissioners
of the glass duty; an office which he held until the suppression of the com
282 a mission (1. Aug. 1699); and healer became secretary to a factory started
at Tilbury in Essex to compete with the Dutch in making pantiles. He
had a share in the business, and its prosperity seems to be proved by the
reduction of his debts. Defoe became prominent in the last years of Wil.
liam as a writer in the defence of the King's character and prosey, On 1697
he had argued orgorously for a standing army.
production was The Two great Questions considered (1700), being a rigorous
defence of the expected war, upon the ground of the danger to our commerciel
interests of a French acquisition of the Spanish dominious in America.
A French translation, with a reply, appeared in 1701. In the same year Tutching
accused William of being a dutchman in a poem called. The Foreigners Defre
filled. with a kind of page, and retorted in The True- born Englishman,
Patyr ? published January 1701. In rough verses, sometimes rising to the
level of execeedingly vigorous prose, he declares that Englishmen
pace of mongrels, bred from the offscourings of Europe in all ages. The
sturdy sense of this shrewd assault upon the vanity of his countrymen
secured a remarkable success - Defve declares (bollected Writings, vol. II.
preface ) in 1700 that genuine and twelve pirated editions had been
printed, and eighty thousand copies sold in the streets. He described
himself on the title pages of onany cubsequent works as; author of the
True - Born Englishman", and he had the honour of an introduction to
Williams. He had attended Queen Mary when she gave orders for layingent
Cheusington Fardens (Tour, vol. I letter # p. 14), but apparently without
becoming personally known to her. William now treated him with a
confidence of which he often boasted in later years. His gratitude ap-
pears in several pamphlets and in annual articles in the Review upon
anniversaries of William's birthday. She wrote a pamphlet, Six &d.
tinguishing Characters of a Parliament-Man, on the election of the
parliament in Banuary 1701, calling attention to the serious questions
involved and denouncing stockjobbers. The tory majority impeached
William's chief whiq supporters, and imprisoned five gentlemen who
presented the famous, hentist petition on behalf of the whiy policy,
"Hereupon Defoe drew up the Legion Memorial " so called from the signa-
Aure, Our name is Legion, and we are
and we are many - audaciously rebuking
True-Born
с
the House of Commons. It was accompanied by a letter to the speaker
debioned, according to various accounts, by Jefve himself, on 14
May 1701, either disguised
cised as a woman or guarded by sixteen

峦
​4.
282 b gentlemen of quality (see Wilson, I. 395–406, where the documents are printed). The
house was unable or afraid to vindicate its dignity; and the petitioners, being
liberated on the riding of parliament (24 June 1701), were entertained at the
Mercers Hall, where defoe was placed by their side. The controversy gave rise
to a Vindication of the Rights of the Commons of England" by Sir Humphry
Mackworth (1701), to which Defoe replied in his most noteworthy discussion
C

of political theories, The Original Power of the Collective Body of the People
८
empty was no sufficient ground for a.
of England examined and asserted (dated 1702, but publicked 27 Dec. 17077.
When was became imminent in 1701, Defoe discussed the question in a
pamphlet called characteristically. Reasons against a War with France
(1701). Though ratensibly arguing that the French sanction of an
tible
his real purpose was
to urge that the solid interests of England lay in securing for itself
the colonial empire of Spain. Objection to continental alliances and
a preference of colonial enterprise were the characteristic sentiments
of the tony party. Defoe took a line of his own, and staunchly
adhered to this opinion throughout his career.
༡
C
a
a
William died 8 March 1702. Defoe showed his sincere regard for the Kings
memory in a poem called the Mock Mommers, pidiculing the insin.
cerity of the official lamentations, and attacked the high church
party, now coming into power, in a Test of the Church of Englands
"Loyalty." He now got into à singelar difficulty, which has suggested
various judgments of his conduct. A bill to suppress the practice
of occasional conformisty, was the favourite measure of the high
church party throughout the reign of Queen Anne . In 1697 the lord
mayor had given offence by attending the services both of the charch
and his chapel with his official paraphernalia. Defoe had then
attacked this inconsistency, arguing that as the vital principle
of dissent was the sinfulness of conformity, a desire to qualify
for office could not justify an act of conformity for that particular
purpose. In November 1700 he repainted his tract, with a preface
addressed to the eminent divine, John Howe; and in December published.
rejoinder to a reply from Plowe. In 1702 the high church party
now in power introduced a bill for suppressing the practice, which
passed the House of Commons in November. Defoe joined in the contro-
verery by an inquiry, audaciously arguing, in consistency with
his previous tracts, that the dissenters were not concerned in the
matter. The bill, as he urged, though not intended, was
283 a really calculated to purge them of a scandal . It would only touch
the equivocating dissenter, who claimed a right to practise what
he asserted to be a sin. Defoe's reasoning was undeniably forable.
Like the early dissenters in general, he did not object to the church
establishment on principle. On the contrary, he steadily main-
tained the church to be a necessary barrier agamit popery and iifi-
delity. He did not even object to some tests. The desired that they
should be such as to exclude the smallest number of protestants,
and asserted (Dissenters? Answer to High Church Challenge) that the
Dissenters would at once conform if the church would cease to insist
}
who
ever,
he was
measure
it is
upon the ceremonies to which they objected. The declared it to be a hardship that
dissenters should be excluded from preferment while forced to serve as
common sailors and soldiers. But his arguments told for a modifica
tion rather than for a repeal or evasion of the tests. The dissenters, how-
saw that in fact the measure against occasional conformity
would depress their interest, naturally held him to be a deserter. Defoe
himself perceived that the bill was supported by appeals to intolerance,
and though his peculiar attitude weakened his argument agamit the
heartily opposed to the spirit by which it was dictated.
To put himself right, he published. The Shortest Way with the Dissenters,
while the bill was struggling with the direct and indirect opposition of
the whig lords. Oskasibly adopting the character of a high flyer, he
called for an extirpation of the dissenters, like the extirpation
of protestants by the French King. The more vehement tories,
said, approved the pamphlet in sober earnest, and a clergyman
declared it to come next to the Bible in his estimation (Review, II 2177).
Defoe boasts that they were soon brought to their senses, and wore forced
to disavow the principles thus nakedly revealed. The was prosecuted
for libelling the church by thus misrepresenting its principles.
The Earl of Nottingham was expecially active in the matter (Leslie,
Rehearsel (1750), I62, 264). A reward was offered for his apprehension
in the Gazette", 10 Jan. 1602-1603. He is, it is said, a suiddle-sized
spare man, about forty years old, of a brown complexion, and dark.
brown - coloured hair, but wears a whig; a hooked nose, a sharp
chin, grey eyes, and a large mole near his mouth. The House of
C
Commons ordered the book to be burnt. He was indicted at the
Old Bailey 24 Feb4. 1703, and tried at the July sessions following.
Ole acknowledged the authorship, and was sentenced to pay a fine
of two hundred marks, to stand three times in the pillory, to be
283 be imprisoned during the queen's 283b pleasure, and to find
ве
securities for good behaviour during seven years. Before his trial
Defoe published a . Brief explanation, and during the next two
several other pamphlets endeavouring to set forth this principles, and
to reconcile his objections to the measure with his previous assertion
that it did not affect dissenters. Flow for he succeeded in
to years
naintaining.
a consistent ground may be disputed. Defoe always sought to gain,
piquancy by diverging from the common track in the name of
common sense, and tried to be paradoxical without being subtle.
But he never ceased to advocate toleration, though demanding only
such a liberal application of the law as would appare tender consciences
Desse stood in the pillory on 29, 60, and 31 Valy 1703. The people
formed a guard, covered the pillory with flowas, and drank his
health . He published a Hymn to the Pillory', which was sold
the crowd in large numbers, marked by the really fire lines -

ཉ་་
Tell them the men that placed him here
Are scandals to the times;
Are at a loss to find his
And cand

guilt
It commit his crunes.
Jafre.
was now imprisoned in Newgate. This business at Tilbung had to be
abandoned and he says that he lost 3500 l. invested in it (Review, MT.
495-496). He had a wife and six children; and though he was able
to continue his writings his position was precarious and trying.
He continued to write upon occasional conformity; the attacked Mogills
queer doctrine about translation; he had a controversy with Charles
Davenant upon the right of appeals to the people; the published a Lag-
man's Sermon upon the great stoom (27) Nov. 17/03/ and afterwards a fall
lult ac.
count of
с
t of it (17 duly 1704). this notoriety had led to a spurious publication
of his writings; and in 1703 he published the first volume of a true collection
which was followed by a second (with a second edition of the first ) in 1705.
His most laborious undertaking, the Review, was also begun during
his imprisonment. The full title of the paper was A Review of
the Affairs of France and off all Europe, as influenced by that
Nation. After the first volume the last clause became, with Obson,
tions on
Transactions at Home! The first number appeared 17 Febr.
1704. It was firt a weekly paper; after the eighth number. Lappeared
twice a week; and after the eighth number of the second volume thrice a
Scandal Club'contributed to its pages; Advices
week. An imagin
-imaginary
from the Scandal Club' filled five monthly supplements in 170x; and
284 a. for half a year in 1705 this part appeared twice a week as The Little
Review: At the end of July 1712 the Reviews ceased in its old form,
but a new series, called simply, the Review", appeared twice a week
until 11 June 1713. The whole was written by defoe, none of his
absences ever preventing its regular appearance. During its appearance
he gablished eighting other works, equalling the Reviews in bulk.
The only complete copy known belonged to James Crossley,
nor in the British Museum. The Review is a landmark in the
doubt helped
of English periodical literature, and its success po
to suggest the Taller and «Spectator. Tutchin's Observator bagen
1 April 1702, and Leslie's Rehearsal, 2. Aug. 1704, were his chief
rivals representing the extreme whigs and extreme bones respectrady.
The c Review included discussions of all the chief political quections
of the day. Throughout Defoe affected the attitude of an independent
critic, criticising all parties, although with a special antipathy
to the high-flyers. He was really, however, working in chains. Bu
the spring of 1904 the ministry had been modified by the expulsion
of the high chinch Earl of Nottingham, Defois Special enemy, and
the
admission of Harley, as secretary of state. The Occasional
and is
be
M
C
14
was
The result was that a sum
in
ему
a
and
as
Conformity Bill was no longer supported by the government. Harley, the first t
of English ministers to appreciate the influence of the press, sent a
that a sum of money,
message
sent
sons from the treasury to defoe's family and his fine dis charged. Four
months later, in August 1904, he was released from prison. He tells
Halifax (Letter of 5 April 1705) that he had scorned to come out off
dead master of discovering those
Newgate at the price of betraying
for (Lee, I, 107). But it
things which nobody would have been the worse
is clear that the final release implied some conditions, or capitulation
Defoe calls them. He frequently denied that he received a pension,
although he admits that some appointment was bestowed upon him
for a special service. He also asserts that he wrote, without the least
direction, assistance or enco
ncouragement (Revier, vol. I. preface). But
his bond for good behaviour has still in force. Of he was not directly
inspired, it was partly because his discretion could be trusted.
Few Grub Street Authors could afford a conscience. Defrè's pen was
the chief means of support for himself and his family. To use it
against the government was to run the risk of imprisonment,
the pillory;
and even the gallows, or at least of being left to
288h the mercy of his creditors. He therefore compromised with his con-
science by distinguishing between reticence and falschood. Pe
would defend what was defensible without attacking errors which
could only be attacked at his personal risk. Of he was led into
questionable casuistry, it must be admitted that journalists
in far less precarious situations have not always been more
scrupulous, and further that for some years he could speak
in full accordance with his conscience.
८
мое
He
After his appliberation Defoe retired for a time to St. Edmunds Bury,
and after his return to London in October suffered from a severe
illuess in the winter - He was able, however, to continue his literary
occupations. A,
A remarkable pamphlet, called. Giving Almus no Charity
provoked by a bill of Sir Humphry
a bill of Sir Hamphry Mack worth for employing the
poor, appeared in November 1704, and in 1705 his prose satire. The
"Consolidator, or Memoirs of Sundry Transactions from the World in
the Moon, which was followed by several appendices. Three letters,
to Lord Halifax in the spring and summer of 1700 show that he
was communicating with one of the whig junto and receiving
money through him from some unknown benefactor, together
with hints for his, Review (Letters in Lee, 1 106, 115–18, from
Addit. M. S. 7121). Harley about the same time employed him in
several honourable, though secret services (Appeal to Honour and
Bustice ) . From the same service pamphlet it appears that he was at
one time employed in a foreign country. No such employment is
known, unless the phrase is intended to cover Scotland. He was sent
into the country during the elections which began in May 1705, baking
satire,. The Dyct of Poland, in which he attacked the high church
party and praised Williain and the whigs. Tore phrases in a letter
to Harley (Wilson, II. 357-60/show that he was discussing
a
scheme
a

by
8
for at secret intelligence office. Plis, Review meanwhile was warmly sup
porting the war, calling for the election of sound supporters of the
"ministry and denouncing the backers who in the previous sessions had
tried to force the Occasional Conformity Bill through parliament by
backing it to a money bill.
C
८
C
On July 1706 appeared his, True Relation of the Apparition of one Mrs. Veal
and his political satire, in twelve books of verse, called, Jure divino.
be noticed that the common story that, Mrs. Veal was designed
to help off drelincourt's book on the Fear of Death' is disapproved by
facts. Prelincourts book was already
already popular,
(Lee, 1. 127, 128).
was only added to the fourth edition. I centar, and defais pamphlet
285 a The union with Scotland was now becom (265 a )ing prominent in the
political world. In Auquet or September 1706 defoe was sent to Edin-
burgh by the ministry, Kissing the queen's hand on his appointment
this duties were apparently to act as a secret agent with the party
favorable to the union. He published ux essays, towards remoring
"national prejudices against the measure both in England and Scotland,
and exerted himself vigorously for an object which was thoroughly
congenial to his sympathies. His - History of the Union ultimately
Appeared in 1709, and contains come useful historical documents. He
was consulted by committees upon onany quections of trade, and was
once in some danger from a hostile mob. His absence in Scotland
was partly due to the demands of creditors, who still persecated him,
after he had surrendered to the commissioners appointed for the relief
of debtors under an act of 1706 ( see letters to Francham of
this period in Notes and Queries, 5th ser. in. 261, 282). ble stayed
in Scotland throughout 1707, replying with spirit to various attacks
upon his supposed dependence on the ministry, which he denied at
the cost of come equivocation. In the beginning of 1908 he returned
to England. A settlement with his creditors seemed possible, andhis
political position was again doubtful. His patron, Harley, was now
ejected from the ministry, being at deadly fend with Godolphin and
Marlborough. Defoe, by his own account, was allowed by Harley
selfe in the most.
engaging terms to offer his services to Godolphin
hires
Substantially, of course, this was to treat defre
or underspur - leather in the cant phrase of the time, mistead of an
ally who would have a claim upon future support if asked to
resign with his employer. Defoe vent to Godelphin and bracts that
phe had no correspondence with Plailey for the next three years.
Godolphins received him civilly; pe again kissed the queen's hand
in confirmation of an appointment, previously made through
Harley, in consideration of a special service... in which I hadt
as much risk of my life as a grenadier upon a countercharp!"
M.
as a mere
рии

It may
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huns
ی کلی در
He
was
2
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an
war,
жу,
again sent to Scotland, then threatened by the invasion of 1708,
and, after visiting England during the elections, returned for another
mission in the summer. The Review was at this time printed in
as well as in London, and he had at one
Edinburgh as well as in
time thoughts
E settler
in Scotland altogether. (Lee, 1. 139). Some letters to
"Godolphin and Sunderland, written from Edinburgh in Mag and
Auguet 1708, & printed by the Historical MJ. J. Commission (8th Rep.
pp. 44, 48), show Defoe's complete dependence on the
government,
ess 6. it Letter to Harley of 2 Nov. 1706 (9th Rep. p. 469) suggests that his plan
285
of settling in Scotland was a mere pretence. The Review was now-
staunchly
whig, and during the elections of 1708 defre declared that if we ever had a
tory parliament the nation would be undone. (Review, v. 139). Ole sup.
ported Marlborough and Godolphin against the growing dis content with the
Tacheverell's famous sermon
sermon (5 Nov. 1709) gave him
opportunity
for attacking an old exemy, who had already hung out a bloody flag
and banner of defiance against the dissenters (a phrase frequently
quoted by defre and others at the time) in a sermon of 1702. Defoe first
declared that Sacheverell's violence should be encouraged rather than
suppressed, as the serious acceptance by high churchmen of the ironical
argument of the Shortest Way would most effectually expose the high
church spirit (ib. VI. 421). The impeachment, however, was carried out,
and was then supported by Defoe. He attacked Sacheverell's principles in the
Review, while disavowing any personal motive, and so vigorously that, as
he says, he was threatened with acsascination. The fall of the whigs fol:
lowed. Defoe supported them, and enlogised Sunderland, the moch vir.
до
most
lent of the party, on his dismissal (28. VII. 142, 145). When Godolphin-
(it. was
at last dismissed, defoe, as he puts it, was, providentially cast back
upon his original benefactor Harley. In other words, he was handed
back again to his old employer as a mere hanger - on of the office.
The spirit of the Review' changed abruptly, though Defoe taxed all
hid ingenuity to veil the change under an air of impartiality.
The whig argument, that credit would be increased by the expulsion
of Godolphin, had been urged in the Reviews! Defoe had now to prove
that all patriots were bound to support the national credit even
under a tory ministry. In August and October 1710 he published
two essays upon. Pallic Credit and Loans, arguing that whigs
проп
would be playing the game of the Jacobites by selling out of the funds.
These pamphlets vere so clearly in Harley's interest that they have been
attributed to him (Lee, 1. 171). Defre denied that the ministry would
favour the high-flyers, and tried hard to prove that if not whogs al-
ready, they would be forced into whiggisma by the necessity of
their position (Review, VII. 245). He received as he tells us (ib. 257),
scurrilous letters calling him a renegade, which is
-renegade, which is hardly surprising,
the urged the election of a moderaté parliament (ib. 348), as he had
previously urged the election of a whiy parliament. He became
awake to the terrible expensiveness of the war. We declared (truly enough) that
lets
а

C

•
Į
10.
286a
а
286 le
that the issue was now
<
for
necess
a were so
he had always held that the true interest of England lay chiefly in the American
trade; and after the death of the emperor, enforced the common argument
changed, and that it would be as foolish to give
the Spanish Indies to the emperor as it would have been to leave them to
the French. Though apparently not quite satisfied with the peace actu.
ally made, he urged acquiescence instead of joining
ing in the whig denuncis
of
that Meenager, the French agent, had one of his damphlets translated into
that
на
French, and sent the author one hundred pistoles. Defre informed the
government of the present. Meqnager, finding that he was in government
cumployment, refrained from further intercourse (Minutes of Negotiations"
of M. Mesnager, &e, possibly translated by Defse; see Lee, 1.269).
Defoe, however, continued, if with diminished vigour, to be an opponent
of high-flyers and lacobites. Be attacked the October blub, which was
trying to force ministers into extreme measures, in a vigorous pamphlet
(1711), while Swift remonstrated with them as a friend. At the end of the
same year his old adversary, Nottingham, made a compact with the
whige, who agreed to carry the Occasional Conformity Bill on condition
of Nottingham's voting against the peace. Defoe wrote passionately,
but vainly against the measure, both in his Reviews and in separate
pamphlets . Ble had gone too far with the tories to be accepted as a genuine
He
ден
supporter even of his old cause. The imposition of the new tax in
July 1713 injured Defoe's, Review. In the preface to the eighth volume
then issued he eloquently asserts his independence and his suffering
in the cause of truth. He continued the Review, however, through
another volume; and after its final suppression he took the chief part
in the Mercator, started in Carley's (nor Lord Oxfords) interest, although
he was not the proprietor or editor. It was devoted to arguing the
questions aroused by the treaty of commerce which was to follow
the peace of Utrecht. Defoe has been credited, upon the strength of
this work, with anticipating modern theories of free trade. In
fact, however, he accepted the ordinary theory of the time, and
only endeavoured to prove that the balance of trade would be in
favour of England under the proposed arrangement
Defoe had retired max on being again sent to Scotland during the
later mouths of 1712 . There he wrote,
There he wrote some anti-Dacobite pamphlet
some pamphlet of 1713 he continued this (256 b) controvney in
On the b
unit
ing
following his hegare
८
2
ег
ostensibly Dacobite : Reasons against the Succession of the House
of Clanover;". What if the Pretender should come?" and, An Answer
to a Question which nobody thinks of, viz. But what if the Queen
should die?' These writings, although clearly auti- Jacobite, gave offence
to the whigs. They were no doubt, a sincere defence of defois permanent
principles, though, as Professor Minto has pointed out, they were, in
some respects, calculated to serve lieford. They explicitly denied that
Oxford was in the Pretender's intact. Oxford, in fact was ng thrown
over.
by the Jacobite wing of his party, though upon joining the mi-
mistry he had made covertures to the exiled court. The existence
of such overtures was, of course, a secret to be carefully concealed from
1
a
was prosented
а
but obtained.
besides
с
were in
Defoe, and even from Oxford's far more confidential friend, Swift; and t
both Defoe and Grift were probably quite sincere in denying their exist
The whigs, however, who suspected Oxford, and regarded Defoe es wireling
renegade, would not forgive Oxford's supporter, though he might be
sincere defender of the Hanoverian succession. Jefre
for a libel. The judges declared that the pamphlets were treasonable
and defoe was committed to prison (22 April 1713), but o
pardon under the great seal. During the following year,
writing the Mercator, he published various pamphlets, which were
chiefly in Oxfords interest. On a Letter to the dissenters (December
1713) he exhorted them to neutrality, and intimated that they
hist
"` danger of severe measures. He had probably received some
of the Schism Act, passed in the next sessions in spite of Oxfords
opposition, by the extremes tories. In April, he replied warmly,
to Swift's attack upon the Scots in his Public Spirit of the Whigs,
though Swift was expported by Oxford, but in the same month he
published a defence of Oxford in a tract called Reasons for mis-
peaching the 2/ord) High) Treasurer). The Mercator dropped with
the fall of Oxford and the consequent want of official information.
A bookseller named Blurt had long published The Flying
Post, written.
by Ridpath, a bitter enemy of Jefrès. Hurt was suspected by
Rids
path's patrons of some communication with defoe, and the
"Flying Post was instantly taken out of his hands. Purt here,
upon engaged Defoe to issue a rival, Flying Post', which took
the whiy side. Defre, vainly eulogided the new ting upon the death
of Anne (1 Aug. 1714), and soon afterwards declared that Lord
287a Annesley who had been sent to Oreland by Boling (287 a) broke,
sertion to remodel the forces in the Pacobite interest, The as,
had gone
sertion produced an immediate prosecution for likel. While his
trial was pending, defoe wrote, apparently in September (Lee, 1.236,
240), his remarkable, Appeal to Honour and Justice, to meet the
odium now accumulating from all parties. Soon afterwards ap,
peared Advice to the People of Great Britain, exhorting to
moderation, and a Secret History of One Year, the first namely,
of William's reign, pointing out, with oborous application,
how William had been compelled to part with his thing cups
porters by their pusatiable rapacity. He was probably also author
of The Secret of the White Staff: This was written to all appearances
to defend Lord Oxford, now a prisoner in the Tower. Oxford thought
it necessary to disavow any complicity in the book, and enew stated
that it was intended to do him a prejudice. But this was in all
probability a merely prudential disarowal, which leaves to
Defre the credit tof defending his patrons in distress. A later pamphlet
called. Minutes of Negotiations of M. Mecnager... done out of the
French", was published during the proceedings against Oxford
in 1717, and closely intended in his favour. Olamixon says that
Defoe composed it by Oxford's direction, and it is assigned to
hum by Me. Lee (1.269). He denied the authorship, however,
emphatically in.
lly in the Mercurias Politicus (Notes and Queries, 4th sex.
1. 548, v. 177, 202, 393).

845
2
reason
The Appeal to Honour and Justice appeared in the first week of January
1715, with a conclusion by the publisher", saying that the author had been
struck by a violent fit of apoplexy six weeks before and was still in
a precarious state. Yet at the end of March appeared his Family
Instructor, a book of about 450 pages, which presumably had been
written before, and was now pablished hastily and incorrectly, by
of the author's absence from the press. During his illness defoe was visited
a quaker, and he adopted the quaker style is several pamphlets
which followed, reproving
Sachernell, the Duke of Ormonde and others.
On 1 July appeared a History of the Wars of his present Majesty,
· Charles XII of Sweden? On 12 Inly the was brought to trial for the
libel on Lord Annesley, and found guilty. Immediately afterward
he published a Hyran to the Mob, occasioned by Jacobite disturbances,
View of the Tests Rebellion, and another quaker
by
c
and in October ac

of the world,
८
pamphlet addressed to Bohn Eriskine, called by the oven
Duke of Mar : In November, Defoe's fellow-prisoners re-
2878. ceived sentence. Jefar himself escaped by a pingular arrangement. According
to his own account (Visions of the Angelick World, 48 - 50), ac etrong imme
pulse darted into his mind, ordering him to write to the judge, Chief-
justice Parker, afterwards Lord Macclesfield. Parker, who had been one of
3
ር
judges in 1713, put him in communication with Lord Townshend, then
secretary of state. Letters addressed to Charles De La Taye, of the secretary
of state's office, found in the State Paper Office in 1864, and first published
in the London Review 4 and 11 June 1864, reveal the transaction
which followed. Defoe again entered the employment of the
ment . Ole first wrote a monthly paper called, Mercurius Politicus, which
began in May 1716 and continued till at least Teptember 1720. In June
1716 he acquired from one Former a share in the News Letter, a weekly
paper which had been managed by Dryer, now dead. It was not published,
but circulated in manuscript, and was a favourite organ of the high church
perty . Defoe undertook that while the style should continue tory', he
manage it as entirely to take the sting out of it! lle continued
this until August 1718, but no copies of the work are known. Toon
afterwards, about August 17177, the undertook a similar position in the
management of Mist's Dournal, a lacobite organ started in the previous year
On 13 Dec. 1817 he acknowledges the receipt of 25 l. from the Earl of
Sunderland (Plist. M.S.S. Comm. 8th Rep. 24). He introduced himself
to Mist in the disquire of a translator of foreign news. Mist had not
the least suspicion of his connection with government, and Jefre
contrived to regulate the paper, and make himself essential to its
success. Mist published à Facobite letter in spite of Refoès protect
25 October 1718. He was arrested, but released by Defoe's influence. He
denied, in answer to contemporary attacks in. Read's Journal, that defor vas
flaky
employed by him, and a separation took place. Read observed that
Defoes share was sufficiently proved by the agreeablences of the style..
the little out he is truly a master of, of forging a story and imposing
it on the world for truth, a remart which shows, Défoè's reputation
just before the appearance of Robinson Crusoe.
on
ހ
Kama ki
1719
288 a
In
The reason
anonymous.
was
C
Defoe's defection caused the journal to decline, and in January
Mist Listard restored him to the virtual management of the journal.
Mist was again arrested in June 1720. Defoe managed the paper during
his imprisonment, but from this truce took comparativly little
share in the paper. His last article appeared 24 October 1724.
Defoe contributed to other papers at the same time. He started the
"Whitehall Evening Post, a tri-weekly journal, in September 1718, and
wrote for it till June 1720. On October 1719 he started the daily Post;
for which he wrote till April 1725; and, on dropping his connection with the
(Whitehall Evening Post", he began to contribute weekly articles to, Applebee's
Journal', in which he wrote regularly till 12. March 1726. From the date of his
second period of employment under Harley, defse became
clearly
that he was from that time regarded as a renegade. His connection
with Mist forced him to pass himself off as one of the Vacobites, a generation
whos & mofess, as he says in his letter in the State Paper office of 26 April
1718, my very soul abhorps. Ole had, therefore, to abandon his claims
to integrity, and submit to pass for a traitor. No man has a right to
make such a sacrifice, and if not precisely a spy, Mest and Misté
friends would hardly draw the distinction. The political questions
now less absorbing than in the earlier period, and defoés writings was in
great part of a non-political character. He was an adept in all the art of
journalism, and with amazing fertility wrote upon every topic likely to
attract public curiosity. This power had already been shown in comparative
trifles, such as, The History of the Great Stoom, Mrs. Veel's Ghost, and
of an earthquake in St. Vincent, contributed
x
८
were
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histor
i
mar

were
1718.
acurious Journal on 25 April 1719 he published the first volume
1
in
sum
by
and
Lu
Du
Aures
to Mist's
of Robinson Crusoe, founded on the four years residence of Alexander
Selkirk in the island of Juan Fernandez - Captain Rogers, who released
Selkirk, had told the story, which was alar told by Staple in the Englishman,
from Selkirk's own account. Defoe sold his book to William Taylor, a
Bookseller, who made a large by it. A fourth edition appeared
on 8 Aug.
1719, and was immediately succeeded by a second volume. In 1720 ap-
peared a sequel called, Serious Reflections during the life of Robinson
Crusoe ?. The extraordinary success of the book was proved by piracies,
numorous imitations (a tenth, according to Mr. Lee, 1. 300, appeared
by translations into many Pugrages. Gildon, who attac
bed in the Life and strange surprising adventuman bought it and left
of London, Plosiers (1719) says
it as a legacy with the Pilgrim's The Practice of Proty, and
Lord Revenge against Murther. Swift had it in his mind, when writing
Gulliver's travels. An absurd chong, preserved by J. Warton, is given
Letters of Eminent Literary Min" (Candon Soc.
1843) to the effect that. Artinson Ausve» was written by Lord Oxford
in the Tower . It needs no confutation. Defoe has also been confused
cused of appropriating Selkirk's (non-existent) papers (see Wilson)
# 456 - 458.) Defre published the Anatomy of Exchange Alley, an attack
upon stockjobbers, in the internal between the first and second volumes
of
D. De
C
old
Saray
ረ
4886.
Jer Hen
Ellis's
al.
ли
of c Robinson Cruses and the Chimera', an attack upon Laws system/
January 1720. He was much recupied in the following year with
the various developments of the South - Sea mania. But he tried
to work the vein opened by Robinson Crusoe . His unrivalled
skill in mystification has made it difficult to distinguish
the purely fictitions from the authentic part of his admitted mar-
ratives, and in some cases to separate genuine histories from otoris
composed by him. In October 1719 he published, The Dumb Philo.
sopher, an account of one
Dickory
Cronke, who
acquired the
power of speech just before this death, and prophesied as to the
state of

an oste ourope; and in December 1719 the Ring of the Triates,
Jack
1
C
an ostensible autobiography of Captain Avery,
pirate of the time. On 1720 he published two pamphlets
about another deaf and dumb soothsayer, Duncan Ampbell (9.v.).
The first included a story of a ghost which appeared in at Laun.
ceston in Cornwall. A manuscript transcript of this came into
the hands of C. J. Gilbert, who published it in his, History of
Cornwall as an
an original
inal document; and it has been used in Mrs.
Bray's Trelawney of Thelawney and Hawker's Footprints of Former
Men . Between 1422 and 1725. Defoe wrote various accounts of the
criminals, Cartouche, The Highland Roqué (Rob Roy))
Sheppard, and Sonathan Wild. The ingeniously induced Theppard/
when actually under the gallows, to give a paper to a friend, apparent,
ly Defoe himself, with, which the published pamphlet professed
to be identical (Lee, 1. 087). In other books the dispensed with,
an historical basis. The adventures of Captain Singleten, in which
Avery appears again, was published in 1720. Moll Flanders and Colonel
Back' both appeared in 1722, and Roxana in 1724. Mr. Lee attributes
a moral purpose to Defoe in these accounts of roques and harlots,
and it must be admitted that Defoe tacks some kind of moral to
stories which show no great delicacy of moral feeling and the
publication of which is easily explicable by lower motives.
One of his most remarkable performances, the Journal of the Plague
Year, appeared in 1922. It was suggested by the dread/which had
recently broken out in (2890) France; and the (of the plagus narrative
289a. has an air of authencity which imposed upon Dr Mead, who had been
appointed to report on desirable precautions. He quotes it as an authority
in his . Discourse on the Plague (1944) - Two other remarkable books
have been assigned to Defoe - The Memoirs of a Cavalier appeared in
1720. The preface clates that the memoirs had been found in the closet of
au eminent publick minister.. one of King William's secretaries of
state. The publisher identifies the author with Andrew Newport, second
of Richard Newport of High Ercall, Shropshire, created Lord Newport,
1642. Andrew Newport (d. 1699) was the younger brother of the Earl of
Bradford, who was born in 1620. As the cavalier says, that he was
son
писан
.
nar-
lives
own view a sincere and
८
<
born in 1608, and served under Gustavus Airephus, the identification is
impossible (some letters of Andrew Newport are given in, Plist. M. S. S. Commun.
5th Rep.). The account of the civil wars contains
many errors, and
might have been easily compiled from published documents, while the
personal anecdotes introduced are much in the style of defre. The
Carleton
authorship must be doubtful. The memoirs of Captain George-
(9.0.) often attributed to defae, are certainly gensive. The New
"voyage round the World, 125, is the lack of these fictitious
ratives which need be mentioned. – Defoe wrote memoirs of daniel
Williams, founder of the library for bull in 1718; and Curll also
published the history of duncan Campbell in 1720. It is remarkalls
that at this period, Defre (if Mr. Lee is right in attributing the ar.
ticle to him) published a bitter attack upon Curll in Mist's Journal
for 5 April 1718 (Lee, 11.02, where 19 is given in errors. The author
complains of the indecency of contemporary literature in a strain
which comes rather oddly from the author of catch-penny
of criminals. Defres however, was in his
zealous moralist, His books upon such topics vore voluminous
and popular. Toshis, Family Onstructor, published in 1715, he adoled
a second volume in 1718; and in 1727 the published a new Family Instruction
directioned chiefly against popery and the growing tendency to Socinia-
nism and Deism. Two volumes of the Complete English Tradesman
appeared in 1925 and 1727. Lamb (The Good Clerk's, first published in
Leigh Hant's Reflector, 1871) has pronounced an mucionally severe
judgment on the morality of these volumes, which, it must be ad-
mitted, is not of an clerated tendency; but perhaps it should
rather be called prosaic and prudential than denounced as base. It is of
Kind current in his class, and apparently sincere as
far as it
2896 The same onay be said of the Religious Courtship, 1922, and the Treative com
corming the Use and Abuse of the Marriage Bed 1927. Defoe's religious views,
otherwise those of the orthodox dissenters, were marked by a queer admix.
ture of popular superstition. His love of the current ghost stories and
delight in the vulgar supernaturalism appear in these treatises: The
Political History of the Devil', the System of Magic', and An
Essay on the Reality of Apparitions", afterwards called. The Secrets of
the Invisible World" did closed, which, appeared in May 1726, December 1726
and March 1727. At the same time, his intimate knowledge of
contemporary life and manners gives interest to books of a different
class; the Tour through Great Britain', of which three volumes
appeared in 1724-5-6; the Augusta Triumphans, or the Way to make
London the most
most flowishing Citysin the Universe, 128; a Plan of English
Commace ; 1928, and various pamphlets dealing with schemes for
the London
police. Defoe's writings are of the highest value as an historical
indication of the state of the middle and lower classes of his time.
ques.
C
improving
Stin

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с
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y
290a.
Defoe had been a diligent journalist until 1728. The attacks in the press
provoked by his apparent apostacy had died out about 1719 (Les
1. 309), as his energies had been diverted from exciting political
controversy. At the end of 17/24, Mist was for a fourth trims in
" prison. While there he drew his sword upon defre, who repelled
the ablack, wounded Mist, and then brought a surgeon to dress the wound.
(Lee, 1, 394); for Defoe's account see Applebees Dournal). In all probe,
bility Mist pad disconned defois relations with the government,
and failed to see that they called for gratitude. Soon afterwards
defois writings in newspapers ceased. His last regular article
in Applebee's Sournal appeared 12 March 1726 and in the following
November be complains (preface to tract on Street Robberies) that
he could not obtain admission to the journals, without feeing
the journalists or publishers! Mr. Lee plausibly conjectures that
Mist had revealed Defoe's secret to them, and that they thereupon
boycotted him as a recognised agent of ministers . In June
1725 he had adopted the pseudonym of Andrew Moreton, which he after,
wards used frequently for purposes of concealment. He appears at this
period to have been fairly prosperous. In a character of Defoe (Add.
M.S. 20094, f. 1657), apparently the report of some hostile agent about.
1705, it is said that he lives at Newington Green, at the house of his
father-in-law, who is lag elder in a conventicle. If Defse married
Annesley's daughter, this must (290) have been the father of a second
wife. He apparently had some permanent connection with Newington.
Henry Baker, J. R. S. [9. v.), who became his son-in-law, made his ac-
quaintance in 1724. Defoe, as Baker tells us, had then newly built a
handsome house at Stoke Newington (Robinson, History of Hoke
Newington). Sit was surrounded by four acres of ground; it had a coach,
house and stables, and defre amused himself with his garden, and
in the pursuit of his studies, which he found means of making very pro-
fitable." He had three lovely daughters, and his, way of living was
centeel! He had probabl
a fair income, though he had not
much realised estate. He paid 10 l. in 1721 to be excused from serving
a parish office. Some transactions, fully detailed by Mr. Lee from
the original deeds (Lee, 1. 361.067), show that in 1722 he invected
about 1000 l. in an estate called Kingswood Heath, at Colchester, for
the benefit of his daughter Hannah. An advertisement in the Daily Con-
of 15 March 8726, for some documents lock in a pocket book,
shows that defse was then engaged in commercial transactions pro-
bably as an agent for the sale of cloth. When Baker prosessed to marry
his daughter, Defoe had some difficulty in providing ready money for
the settlements, but ultimately gave sufficient securities.
Baker began a paper called, Universal Spectator, of which defre wrote
the first number (12 Oct. 1728), and on 30 April 1729 married the
daughter Sophia refor. Some catastrophe which must have happened
soon afterwards is only known from a letter written to Baker (first pruited
2
very
It
с
rant of

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ל
3
some
The allusions are
C
anc
mental power to write
by Wilson), and dated 12 Aug. 1730. The letter, expressing profound de;
pression, shows that for some reason defor had gone intorchiding; that
he had trusted all this property to his son (Benjamin Norton Defre) for
the benefit of the two unmarried daughters and thes, pour dying mother,
and that the son suffered them to beg their bread at his door," "He still
confides in Baker's affection, proposes a secret meeting with his fr.
mily, but sees great difficulties, and is in expectation of death.
far from clear, and the letter gives ground for
suspicion that defoe's intellect was partly unsettled. It refers, how¬
ever, to a blow from a wicked, pegured, and contemptible enemy,
and Mr. Lee's conjectural explanation is not certainly improbable.
Mist had escaped to France in the beginning of 1928, where he lived
with the Butte of Wharton. He may have revenged himself on his old
enemy by somehow conveying to the English gomment a
to the English government a charge of disloyalty
290 h against Defoe. 290 6. Defoe's letters in 1718 chor his sense that such
a misinterpretation of this dealings with the Jacobites was possible,
as the letters are intended to place his true position on record. Those who
had been pring to the original compact were dead or out of office.
Defre may have feared that he would be seriously charged with treason
and be unable to prove that he was treacherous to the Jacobites.
This, however, is conjectural. It is certain that he still retained enough
Effectual Scheme for the immediate The,
venting of Street Robberies", which appeared in 1731. On the previous
writer he had returned to London, and died of a lethargy, in Kaplemakers
Alley, Moorfields (not then a suiderable quarter), on 26 April 1731.
the was buried in Bunhill Fields. His we was buried in the same
place on 19 Dec. 1732. Olis library, with a curious collection of
Books on history and politics, was sold in Nov. 1731 (Notes and
Queries, 3rd ser. ix. 142). An obelisk was erected in Bunhill Fields
in 1870. it full account of his descendants kill 1880 is given by
Wilion (M. 641- 650). His eldest son, Daniel, appears to have been in
business, and to have finally emigrated to Carolina. This second
son, Benjamin Norton, was editor of the London Toural, in succession
to Thomas Gordonja well known writer, and was prosecuted for likel
in 1721. He opposed his father, with whom he was personally on bad terms.
Pope refers to him in the Innoiad, and repeats a scandel, derived from Savage
(Author to be let Reface), that he was
oyster_seller. The letters of defre and his daughter to Baker imply that he had
defois illegitimate son by
then only one son, or only
theson accused of a breach of trust. In 1796 he succeeded Rid-
one in England; and Benjamin is probably
path as editor of the Flying. Post, and he wrote a life of Alderman
Barber and memoirs of the Princess of Drange. Defoe's daughters vere
Maria, afterwards a Mrs. Langley; Hannah, who died numarried
at Wimborne Minster on 25 April 1759; Henrietta, married to Joha
Braton of Much Hadham, and afterwards excise officer at Wimborne,
where she died a widow in 1760; and Sophia, baptised on 24 Dec. 1701,
au

$
a tentu KUKAT
la
2919
on 4 Jan, 1762. Her
who married Henry Baker, J. R. J. 19. v.), and
sour
was
David Brokine (9.v.), was author of the Companion to the Play-
house"; and her son second son, Henry (1734-1766) [9. v.
] was grand,
father to the Rev. Henry defse Baker, vicar of Greetham, Rutland-
shire, who gave information to Wilson and communicated the letter
to Henry
Baker. Wilson also received information from James
defse, grandson of a grandson named Samuel one of this family
"hanged for highway robbery in 1771, another was cook in a
ship-of-war in 1787. Some notice of later descendants is in
Notes and Queries", 2nd ser. Vii. 57,94, 197, 299, XI. 303. A James Def
Jefre,
said to be a great-grandson, died in 1859, leaving some childrens
on whose behalf an appeal was made to Lord Palmerston (see
Tinces, 25 March 1861). A portrait of Defoe by Taverney, engraved
by Vandergusht, is prefixed to the first volume of the collected
writings (1703), and is probably the best. Another engrand
by W. Skelton is prefixed to the History of the Union. Mr.
D. C. Land states in Notes and Queries, 6th ser. &.T. 465, that
C

were
he had recently acquired a five portrait by Anella.
Lists of Refsir works are given by Chalmers, Hilson, Eaglitt
and in Lowndes's Manual, and vore carefully tested and correder
by Mr. Lee, who states that all previous errors were accumula -
ted and new evors added in Lowndes. Lee's final list includes
254 works, 64 of which were added by him, while many were
rejected. The full titles are
ll titles are given in
geven in Lee (1. XXM - 4.V.). The
following is a brief statement of the most important, claces,
fied according to subjects. Contributions to periodicals have
been noticed above?
The list in question from pp. 291a - 293a.
293 a. [ The chief authorities for defois life are his Appeal to Honour and Justice,
and incidental statesments in his Review and other works.
John Dunton's Life and Errors and Oldmixon's History of almers to a
was
prefixed by
notices. The first Life
G.
temporary
edition of defois History of the Union 1786, and Robinson Crusoe
(Stock dale), 1790. An elaborate and ponderous Life by Walter Wilson,
in 3 vols., appeared in 1830. The Life by W. Hazlitt prefixed to
the 1840 collection of Defoe's Works is chiefly founded upon Wilson.
William Lee's Life of Defre, forming the first of three volumes
of Life and Newly discound Writings, appeared in 1869. See also
Life and Times of Daniel Defoe by William Chadwick; 1859;
John Forsters Historical and Biographical resays, 1858,
Professor Mintos daniel defor, in English Men of Letters ] . L. S.
Anadition of defois Works in 3 vols. royal 8vo, with life by W.
Hazlitt, - published in 1840, and another in 20 vols. 12 mo. in
1840-1841.
was
292 bunten.
con.

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