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His Majesty Charles the First
Mounted upon a White Horſe, under a Friumphal Arch; attended by the Duke d'Espernon.
bearing the hing's Helmet: Taken from a Capital Picture of S "Unt. Van Dyke bring 11 foot
highing foot wride non in the hoyal Palace at Kensington Engravd by James Smith
humbly Inscribid to the KING
AN IMPARTIAL
H I S T O RY
OF THE
R E B E L L I O N
A N D
CIV I L WARS
IN
E N G L A '
ND,
1
1
During the Reign of
King CHARLES the Firſt.
With the precedent Paſſages and Actions
that contributed thereto,' and the happy End and Conclu-
fion thereof by the Reſtoration of King Charles II.
Faithfully Collected from CLARENDON, Bibop KENNET, ECHARD,
RUSH WORTH, and other Writers,
By JACOB HOOPÉR, Eja;
1
?
LONDON:
Printed, and Sold by all the Bookſellers in Town and Country,
M. DCC, XXXVIII.
V
4 15
H78
.
7
;
(iii)
MWINDINIMUMMITAJATUSJIJIH
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MINIMMTANITIMTMTMiNTITITITIVULININININ
SUUTTA
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TORUL. MTI17571DULUL III Hidaliu.!!!!
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11:111::!!!!1139118! Hiilikum(IIIDIIL.Tifli:tituu.DE/TTITAITIANSULINETICS
THE
PRE FACE
is a difficult Province Reader; who will meet, in his progreſs
to write the Hiſtory of through this work with many Pašages;
the Civil Wars of a Great that, he will judge; may diſoblige the
I
and Powerful Nation, Poſterity of even well meaning Men in
where the King was en- thoſe days ; much more than of ſuch as
gaged with one Part of were crafty, cunning, and wicked enough
his Subječts againſt the other, and both to deſign the miſchiefs that enſued. And
Jdes were ſufficiently inflamed: And the we hope that the repreſenting the Truth,
Neceſſity of ſpeaking the Truth of ſeveral without any mixture of private Paſſion or
Great Men, that were engaged in the Animoſity, will be so far from giving
Querrel on either side, who may still offence to any Ingenious Man of this time,
have very conſiderable Relations, de that it will be received rather as an In-
ſcended from Tbem, now Alive, makes ſtruction to the preſent Age, than a Re-
162 Teſ Invidious as well as Difficult. proach upori the laft.
We are not ignorant that there are Moreover, the Tenderneſs that sight
Liccounts, containºd in this following seem due, out of Charity, good Manners,
Hiſtory, of ſome Eminent Perſons in thoſe and good Nature, to our Countrymen,
Times, that do not agree with the rela our Neighbours, or our Relations, bath
ţions we have met with of the ſame Per- been indulged a long ſpace of time ; and
Jons, publiſi'd in oiber Authors. But might poſibly be abuſed, if it should not
they who put forth this Hiſtory, cannot give way, at laſt, to the uſefulneſs of
buit think the World will generally be of making this work publick, in an Age,
Opinion, that others may as likely have when so many Memoirs, Narratives,
been miſtaken in the grounds and infor- and pieces of Hiſtory come' out, as it were .
mations they have gone upon, as our All on purpoſe to juſtify the taking up Arnis
tibors; who will be eſteemed to have had againſt that King, and to blacken, revile,
opportunities, equal at leaſt with any and ridicule the ſacred Majeſty of an
others of knowing the Truth ; and, by Anointed bead in diſtreſs ; and when so
the Candor, and Impartiality of what much of the Senſe of Religion to God,
ebey relate, may be believed not to have and of Allegiance and D:lty to the Crown,
wiada
any wilful miſtakes.
is ſo defaced, that it is already, within a
However, all things of this Nature little more than ſeventy Years ſince the
iniuſt be ſubmitted, as this is, with great Murder committed on that Pious Prince,
diference to the judgment of the equal by ſome Men made a Myſtery to judge, on
whoſe
iv
The PRE FACE.
I
1
whoſe fide was the Right, and on which his Own, or thoſe intruſted by him in the
the Rebellion is to be chcrged.
chief Adminiſtration of his Government,
We hope therefore it will be judged beppen to fall into an Intereſt contrary
neceſſary as well as uſeful, that an im to that of bis People, ond. will purſue
partial Account of the moſt matericl Paf- that mijteke, thet Prince muſt have Tez-
ſages of thoſe unhappy times ſhould at laſt rible Conflikts in the courſe of his Roign,
come out; and thet ze ſtall have the ge- which way foever the Controverſy ends :
neral Approbation, for having contribue- On the other hand, bet People, who,
ted thus far to taken Men to that though Invaded and Oppreiſed in their
Honeſty, Juſtice, Loyally, and Piety, juſt Rights and Liberties, mall not reſt
which formerly Engliſhmen have been ſatisfied with recfonable Reparctions and
valuable for, and without which it is Securities, but, having got Power into
impoſible any Government, Diſcipline,' their Hands, will incke urjuſtifiable Uſe
or Authority can be long maintained. of it, to the utter Subverſion of that Go-
There is no doubt, but this good King vernment they are bound iii Duty and
had ſome Infirmities, and Imperfections; Allegiance to Support, do but at laſt make
and might thereby .be, mijed into ſome Rods for their own Backs, and very often
miſtokes in Government, which the No- bring upon themſelves, from other hands,
tion, in Parliament repreſented, might a more ſevere Bordege then that they had
kave reformed by moderate and peaceful spook off.
Counſels. But the Reformation loft it's To demonſtrate this General Obſerva-
Name, and it's Nature too, when so tion, let it be conſidered in Particular,
many Afts paſs’d by him in Parliament, what was the Advantage this poor Na-
that did reſtrain the Prerogative of the tion gained from all the Vistories obtain'd
Crown from doing the Miſchiefs it had over King Charles in the Field, and af-
been taxed with, had not the Effeet they terwards, in the Impriſoning, and Pro-
ought to have met with, of reſtraining the ſecuting him to Death: What amends did
People too from farther demands; and when it make for the Infringement and Prejui-
the inordinate Ambition, Anger, and Re- dice, they complained of, in their Rights
venge of ſome of the great Leaders could and Liberties, to ſet up the Protector
not be limited within any bounds, till Cromwell, who, under a Thouſand Ar-.
they had involved the Nation in Blood, tifices and Cruelties, intended no other
'deſtroy'd many Thouſands of their own Reformation, but inſtead of Whips, to
Countrymen, and fellow Citizens, and chaſtiſe the poor People with Scorpions ;
brought ať loſt their own Sovereign to loſe and, inſtead of their Idol Common-
bis Head on a Scaffold, under a pretended wealth, which ſome had vainly imagin’d
form of a High Court of Juſice, unpre- to themſelves, to make bimſelf that very
cedented from the beginning of the World; heted thing, a King, which had been ſo
and to finiſh their work, had overthrown abominable in his own Sight? And after
all the Laws of their own Country, in .him, what did all the other ſeveral ſorts
the Defence of which, they would have of Government, ſet up ſometimes to gra-
had it thought, they had been obliged to tify the Ambition of one. Party, and
draw their Swords:
Joinetimes of another, end in, but ſo many
Without queſtion, every body that all ſeveral ways of Oppreſſion; which, after
duly conſider the whole Account of theſe many Years Spent in Exkauſting the Blood
Tranſaktions, will be able to impute mif- . and Treaſure of their Country, at length
takes, miſcarriages, and faults enough . made way for the happy Reſtoration of
to both sides : And we fball leave them the Son, and Family of that King, whom
to their own ſedate, and compoſed Re- they had fo Barbarouſly brought to an un-
fie£tions. But we cannot omit making timely End, with the utmoſt Scorn, and
this one Obſervation, that where any Deriſion of all that had pretended to Rale
King by ill Judgment, or ill Fortune,.ch in His ſtead?
.
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A N I M PAR TI A L'
HIS T O RY
OF THE
REBELLION, &c.
ACING Janes the firſt inſtances of his favour to Perſons near
dying in the end of him) and the charge of the War upon
March, 1625, left Spain and France, that both the known
K
his Son Charles en and caſual Revenue being anticipated,
gaged in a War with the neceſſary ſubſiſtence of the Houſhold
Spain, but unprovi- was unprovided for ; and the King on
ded with Money to
the ſuddain driven to thoſe ſtreights
manage it ;-though for his own Support, that many ways
it was undertaken by the conſent and were reſorted to, and inconveniencies
advice of Parliament: The People be- ſubmitted to for Supply ; as ſelling the
ing naturally enough inclined to the Crown Lands, creating Peers for
War (having ſurfeited with the unin- Money, and many other particulars,
terrupted Pleaſures and Plenty of 22 which no acceſs of power, or plenty,
YO
Peace) and fufficiently inflamed lince could repair.
againſt the Spaniard; but quickly Parliaments were Summon'd, and
weary of the Charge of it: And there again Diffolved in diſpleaſure : And
fore, after an unproſperous and charge- that in the fourth Year (after the Diffo-
able attempt in a Voyage by Sea upon lution of the two former) was deter-
Cadiz, and as unfucceſsful, and more inined with a Profeſſion, and Declara-
unfortunate one, upon France at the tion, that, Since for ſeveral ill ends the
Iſle of Ree (for ſome difference had calling again of a Parliament was di-
likewiſe about the ſame time begotten vulged, however bis Majeſty had ſhewed,
a War with that Prince) a general Peace by bis frequent mecling with his people,
Was ſhortly concluded with both King- his love to the uſe of Parliaments,
doms; the Exchequer being ſo ex- get the late abufé having, for the
hauſted with the Debts of King James, preſent, driten bis Majeſty unwilling-
the bounty of Charles I. (who upon his ly out of that courſe, be ſhall account
acceſs to the Crown, gave many coſtly it preſumption for any to preſcribe any
B
time
22
6
The Hiſtory of the Rubelli ,;?
ment.
time to his Majeſty for Parliaments. the Preſſures not ever; Dar impus
Which words, were generally inter- ſcarce ever before hearil of in Parlia-
preted, as if no more Aſſemblies of that And that Meeting upon very
Nature were to be expected, and that all unpopular, and unplauſible Reaſons,
Men were prohibited upon the Penalty immediately Diffolved, thoie five Sub-
of Cenſure, ſo much as to ſpeak of a ſidies were enactel, throughout the
Parliament.
whole Kingdom, with the ſame rigour,
And here I cannot but let my ſelf as if, in truth, an Act had paid to
looſe to ſay, that no Man can ſhew me a that purpoſe : Divers Gentlemen of
Source, from whence thoſe Waters of prime Quality, in ſeveral Counties of
bitternefs, we now tafte, have more England, were, for refuſing to pay the
probably flowed, than from theſe un- fame, committed to Priſon, with great
reaſonable, unſkilful, and precipitate Rigour and extraordinary Circumſtan-
Diffolutions of Parlianients ; in which, ces. And could it be imagined that
by an unjuſt ſurvey of the Paſſion, In- thoſe Men would meet again in a free
folence, and Ambition of particular Convention of Parliament, without a
Perſons, the Court meaſured the Tem- ſharp and ſevere expoftulation, and in-
per and Affection of the Country; and quiſition into their own Right, and the
by the ſame ſtandard the People cond power that had impoſed upon that
fidered the Honour, Juſtice, and Piety, Right? And yet all thcle Provocations,
of the Court ; and ſo uſually parted, at and many other, almoft of as large an
thoſe ſad ſeaſons, with no other Re- extent, produced no other Refentment
fpect, and Charity one toward the o than the Petition of Right (of no pre-
ther, than accompanies Perſons who judice to the Crown) which was like-
never meant to meet but in their own
wiſe purchaſed at the Price of five
Defence. In which the King had al- Subſidies 'more, and, in a very ſhort
ways the diſadvantage to harbour Per- time after that Supply granted, that
fons about him, who with their utmoſt Parliament was likewiſe, with ftringe
Induſtry, falſe Information, and Ma- Circumſtances of Paſſion on all ſides,
lice, improved the faults, and infir- Diffolved.
mities of the Court to the People, and The abrupt, and unkind breaking
again, as much as in them lay, ren- off the two firſt Pürliaments was wholly
dered the People ſuſpected, if not odi- imputed to the Duke of Buckingham,
'ous to the King.
and of the Third, principaly to the
It is not to be denied, that there Lord Weſion, then Lord High Trea-
'were, in all thoſe Parliaments, eſpe- ſurer of England; both in reſpect of
cially in that of the fourth Year, ſeve- the great Power, and Intereſt they then
ral Paſſages, and diſtempered Speeches had in the Affections of his Majeſty,
of particular Perſons, not fit for the and for that the time of the Diffolu-
Dignity, and Honour of thoſe Places, tions happened to be when ſome Charges,
and unſuitable to the Reverence due and Accuſations were preparing, and ..
to his Majeſty and his Councils. But I ready to be preferred againſt thoſe two
do not know any formed Act of either great Perſons. And therefore the En-
Houſe. (for neither the Remonſtrance, vy, and Hatred, that attended them
nor Votes of the laſt Day were ſuch) thereupon, was inſupportable, and was
that was not agreeable to the Wiſdom, viſibly the cauſe of the Murder of the
and Juſtice of great Courts upon firſt (ſtabbed to the Heart by the hand
thoſe extraordinary Occaſions. And of a Villain, upon the meer impious
whoever confiders the Acts of power, pretence of his being odicus to the
and injuſtice of ſome of the Mini- Parliament) and made, no doubt, ſo
ſters, in thoſe intervals of Parliament, great an impreſſion upon the Under-
will not be much ſcandaliz'd at the ſtanding and Nature of the other,
warmth, and vivacity of thoſe Meet- that, by degrees, he loſt thai temper
ings.
and ferenity of Mind, he had been be-
In the fecond Parliament there was a fore maſter of, and which was moſt fie
mention, and intention declared of to have accompanied him in his weigh-
granting five Subſidies, a proportion ty Imploymenis: Inſomuch, as, out
(how contemptible ſoever in reſpect of of indignation to find himſelf worſe
uſed
in the Reign of King CHARLES i.
uſed than he deſerved, he cared leſs to may beſt ſee the face of that time, and
deſerve well, than he had done ; and the Affections and Temper of the Peo-
inſenſibly grew into that Publick ha- ple in general.
tred, that rendered him leſs uſeful to For the better taking this Proſpect,
the Service that he only intended. we will begin with a ſurvey of the Per-
I wonder leſs at the Errors of this ſon of that great Nian, the Duke of
Nature in the Duke of Buckingham; Buckinghain (who was ſo barbarouſly
who, having had a moſt generous Edu- Murdered about this time) whoſe In-
cation in Courts, was utterly ignorant fuence had been Unfortunate in the
of the Ebbs and Floods of Popular Publick Affairs, and whoſe Death pro-
Councils, and of the Winds that move duced a Change in all the Counſels.
thoſe Waters; and could not, without The Dake was indeed a very extraordi-
the ſpirit of Indignation, find himſelf, nary Perſon, and never any Man, in
in the ſpace of fix Weeks; without any any Age, nor, I believe, in any Coun-
viſible cauſe intervening, from the try, or Nation, roſe, in fo ſhort a
greateſt height of popular Eſtimation time, to ſo much greatneſs of Honour,
that any perſon hath aſcended to (in- Fame, and Fortune, upon no other
ſomuch as Sir Edward Coke blaſphem- advantige or recommendution, than of
ouſly called him our Saviour) by the the Beauty and Gracefulneſs of his Per-
ſame breath thrown down to the depth ſon. I have not the leaſt purpoſe of
of Calumny and Reproach. I ſay, it undervaluing his good Parts and Quali-
is no marvel that he could think of no ties (of which there will be occaſion
better way, to be freed of theſe incon. ſhortly to give ſome teſtimony), when
veniences, and troubles, the Paſſions I ſay, that his firſt introduction into
of thoſe Meetings gave him, than to Favour, was purely from the Hand-
Diſolve them, and prevent their com- ſomeneſs of his Perſon.
ing together : And that when they He was a younger Son of Sir George
ſeein'd to neglect the publick Peace, Villiers of - Brookſby, in the County of
out of Animolity to him, he intended his Leiceſter ; a Family of an antient ex-
o:vn Eaſe and Security in the firſt place, traction, even from the time of the Con-
and eaſily believed, the Publick might queſt, and Tranſported then with the
be otherwiſe provided for, . by more Conqueror out of Normandy. After Sir
Intent and Diſpáſſionate Councils. George's firſt Marriage, in which he had
But that the other, the Lord Weſton, two or three Sons, and ſome Daughters,
who had been very much, and very who ſhared an ample Inheritance from
Popularly converſant in thoſe Conven- him; by a ſecond' Marriage with a
tions, who exactly knew the Frame and Lady of the Family of the Beaumonts,
Conftitution of the Kingdom, the Tem- he had this Gentleman,' and 'two-other
per of the People, the Extents of the Sons and a Daughter, who all came
Courts of Law, and the Juriſdiction of afterwards to be raiſed to great Titles
Parliaments, which at that time had and Dignities. George, the eldeſt Son of
feldom, or never committed any Ex- this ſecond bed, was after the death of
ceſs of Juriſdiction, that he ſhould be his Father, by the ſingulare affection
lieve, that the Union, Peace, and and care of his Mother, who enjoyed a
Plenty of the Kingdom could be pre- good Joynture, in the account of that
ſerved without-Parliaments, or that the Age, well brought up ; and, for the
Paffion, and Diſtemper gotten, and Improvement of his Education, and
received into Parliaments, could be giving an Ornament to his hopefui Per;
removed, and reformed by the more: ſon, he was by her ſent into France ;
paſſionate Breaking and Diſſolving where tie ſpent two or three Years in
them; or that That Courſe would not attaining the Language, and in Learn-
inevitably prove the moſt Pernicious ing the exerciſes of Riding and Danc-
to himſelf, is as much my Wonder, ing; in the laſt of which he excelled
as any thing that hath ſince happened. moſt Men, and returned into England
And here it will give much Light to by the time he was 2 1 Years old.
that which follows, if we take a View King James reigned that Time, and
of the State of the Court, and of the though he was a Prince of more Learn.
Council at that time ; by which we ing and Knowledge than any other of
that
I
8
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
.were
that Age, and really delighted more very few Weeks upon this Stage, when
in Books, and in the Converſation of he mounted Higher, and, being
learned Men, yet, of all Wiſe Men Knighted, without any other Qualifica-
living, he was the moſt delighted and tion, he was at the ſame Time made
taken with Handſome Perſons, and with Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber, and
Finé Cloaths. He begun to be weary Knight of the Order of the Garter,
of his Favourite, the Earl of Somerſet, and in a ſhort Time he was made a Bi-
who was the only Favourite that kept ron, a Viſcount, an Earl, a Marquis,
that Poſt ſo long, without any publick and became Lord high Admiral of
Reproach from the People. But by the England, Lord Warden of the Cinque
Inſtigation and Wickedneſs of his Ports, Maſter of the Horſe, and en-
Wife, he became, at leaſt, privy to a tirely diſpoſed of all the Graces of the
horrible Murder, that expoſed him to King, in conferring all the Honours,
the utmoſt ſeverity of the Law (the and all the Offices of three Kingdoms
Poiſoning of Sir Thomas Overbury ) without a Rival; in diſpenſing whereof,
upon which both He and his Wife he was guided more by the Rules of
condemned to die, after a Appetite, than of Judgment, and fo,
Trial by their Peers, and many Perſons exalted almoſt all his own numerous Fa-
of Quality were Executed for the mily, and Dependants ; whoſe greateſt
fame.
Merit ..was their Alliance to Him ;
Whilſt this was in agitation, and be- which equally offended the antient No-
.fore the utmoſt diſcovery was made, bility, and the People of all Conditions,
Mr. Villiers appeared in Court, and who ſaw the Flowers of the Crown
drew the King's Eyes upon him. every Day fading, and witherd; wiriiſt
There were enough in the Court ſuf- the Demeſnes, and Revenue thereof
ficiently angry, and infenced againſt were facrificed to the enriching a Pri-
Somerſet, for being what themſelves de vate Family (how well ſoever originally
ſired to be, and eſpecially for being a extracted) ſcarce ever heard of before to
Scots-Man, and aſcending, in ſo ſhort the Nation, and the expences of the
a Tine, from being a Page, to the Court fo vaſt and unlimited, that they
Height he was then at, to contribute all had a ſad proſpect of that Poverty and
they could to promote the One, that Neceſſity, which afterwards befel the
they might throw out the Other: which Crown, almoſt to the Ruin of it.
being eaſily brought to paſs, by the Many were of Opinion, that King
proceeding of the Law upon his afore- James, before his Death, grew weary of
ſaid Crime, the Other found very little this Favourite, and that if he had lived,
difficulty in rendring himſelf Gracious he would have deprived him at leaſt of
to the King, whoſe Nature and Difpo- his large, and unlimited Power. And +
ſition was very flowing in Affection to this Imagination fo prevailed with ſome
wards Perſons ſo adorned. Inſomuch Men, the Lord Keeper Lincoln, +
that in few Days after his firſt appear-., the Earl of Middleſex, Lord High
ance in Court, he was made Cup-bear-: Treaſurer of England, and other Gen.
er to the King, by which he was, of tlemen of Name, though not in ſo
Courſe, to be much in his Preſence, high Stations, that they had the Cou-
and fo. admitted to that Converſation rage to withdraw from their abſolute
and Diſcourſe, with which that Prince dependence upon the Duke, and to
always abounded at his Meals.
make ſome other Eſays, which proved
His Inclinations to his new Cup. to the Ruin of every one of them ;
bearer diſpoſed him to adminiſter fre- there appearing no Mark or Evidence,
quent Occaſions of diſcourſing of the that the King did really leſſen his Af-
Court of France, and the Tranſactions fection to Him, to the Hour of his
there, with which he had been ſo lately Death. On the contrary, as he Creat-
acquainted, that he could pertinently el him Duke of Buckingham in his Ab-
enlarge upon that Subject, to the King's fence, whilft he was with the Prince in
great Delight, and to the gaining the Spain, fo, after their Return, the Duke
Eileen and Value of all the Standers executed the fame Authority in confer-
by to Himſelf: which was a Thing the ring all Favours and Graces, and in re-
King was well pleaſed with. He acted venging himlelf upon thoſe who had
manifeſted
as
3
in the Reign of King CH ÅRLES Í.
him.
manifeſted any Unkindneſs towards himſelf might chooſe;. in the inſtant;
And yet notwithſtanding all to gratify his perſonal Interpoſition,
this
, if that King's Nature had equally which, in a Treaty with an Embalfa-
diſpoſed him to pull down, as to build dour, might be drawn out in length, or
and erect; and if his Courage and Seve- attended with Overtures of Recom-
rity in puniſhing and reforming, had pence by ſome new Conceſſions, which
been as great, as his Generoſity and In- would create new Difficulties.
clination was to oblige, it is not to be Theſe diſcourſes made fo deep In-
doubted, but that he would have with- preſſion upon the Mind and Spirit of
drawn his Affection from the Duke in- the Prince (whoſe Nature was inclined
tirely, before his Death.
to Adventures) that He was tranſported
For it is certain, that the King was with the thought of it, and moit in-
never well pleaſed with the Duke, after patiently ſolicitous to bring it to paſs.
the Prince's going into Spain ; which The greateſt difficulty in yiew was how
was infinitely againſt his Will, and they might procure the King's conſent,
contrived wholly by the Duke: Who, who was very Qulick-lighted in diſcern-
out of Envy, that the Earl of Briſtol ing Difficulties, and raiſing Objectioris,
ſhould have the ſole Management of fo and' very flow in maſtering them, and
great an Affair (as hitherto that Treaty untying the Knotts he had made; In a
had been wholly conducted by him in Word, he knew not how to wreſtle
Spain, where he was Extraordinary with deſperate . Contingencies, and ſo
Émbuſfadour) had one Day inſinuated abhorr’d the being' entangled in ſuch.
to the Prince the common Misfortune This was firſt to be attempted by
of Princes, that in ſo Subſtantial a part the Prince himſelf
, by communicating
of their Happineſs in this world, as it to the King, as his earneſt Deſire and
depended upon their Marriage, them- Suit, with this Circumſtance, that. ſince
felves had never any part, but muſt re his doing, or not doing what he moſt
ceive only an account from others of deſired, depended wholly and entirely
the Humour, and Beauty of the Ladies upon his Majeſty's own Approbation
they were to Marry; and thoſe Reports and Command, he would vouchlafe to
feldom proceeded from Perſons totally promiſe not to communicate the Thing
Unintereſted, by reaſon of the Parts propoſed, before he had firſt taken his
they had acted towards ſuch Prepara- own Reſolution ;, and that this Condi-
tions. From hence he diſcourſed how tion ſhould be firſt humbly inſiſted on,
Gallant and how Brave a Thing it before the ſubſtantial Point ſhould be
would be, for his Highneſs to make a communicated; and ſo this approach
Journey into Spain, and to fetch home being firſt made, the Succeſs and Pro-
his Miſtreſs; that it would put an end fecution was to be left to the Duke's
preſently to all thoſe Formalities, which Credit and Dexterity. All Things be-
according to the Style of that Court, ing thus concerted between his High-
and the now Progreſs in all things of neſs and the Duke, (and this the begin-
Ceremony, might yet retard the In: ning of an entire Confidence between
fanta's Voyage into England many them, after a long Time of declared
Months; all which would be in a Mo- Jealouſy and Diſpleaſure on the Prince's
ment removed by his Highneſs's own Part, and Occaſion enough adminiſter'd
Preſence ; that it would be ſuch an on the Other) they ſhortly found fit
Obligation to the Infanta herſelf, as ſhe Opportunity to make their Addreſs to-
could never enough value or requite, gether. His Majeſty cheerfully con-
and being a Reſpect rarely paid by any fented to the Condition, and being well
other Prince upon the like Addreſſes, pleaſed that all ſhould depend upon his
could proceed only from the high Will, frankly promiſed, that he would
Regard and Reverence he had for not, in any degree, Communicate to
her Perſon; that in the great Affair, any Perſon the Matter, before he had
that only remain’d undetermined, and taken and communicated to them his
was not entirely yielded to, though un own Reſolutions.
der a very Friendly deliberation, which The Prince then, upon his Knees,
was the Reſtoring the Palatinate, it was declared his Suit and very importunate
Fery probable, that the King of Spain Requeſt, the Duke ſtanding a long
С
Time
r
3
IO
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
2
Time by, without ſaying a Word, in ſuch a ſecret Way, but that the
while the King diſcourſed the whole Counſel it ſelf night be refume, vihen
Matter to the Prince, with leſs Paſſion new Meaſures ſhould be taken. 3.10
than they expected, and then looked this Imagination was too reaſonable
upon the Duke, as inclined to hear what not to be Foreſeen by them, and ſo
He would ſay; who ſpoke nothing to they had provided themfelves accord-
the Point; whether in Prudence, ad- ingly. And therefore, as ſoon as they
viſeable or not ; but enlarged upon the had the King's Promiſe upon the main,
infinite Obligation his Majeſty would they told him, the Security of ſuch a
confer upon the Prince, by his yielding Deſign depended on the Expedition,
to the violent Paſſion his Highneſs was without which there there could be no
tranſported with; and, after many Secrecy obſerved or hoped for ; That,
exalted Expreſſions to that Purpoſe, if it were deferred till ſuch a Fleet could
concluded, that he doubted, that his be made ready, and ſuch a: Equipage
Majeſty, refuſing to grant the Prince prepared as might be fit for the Prince
this his humble Requeſt, would make a of Wales, ſo much time would be
deep Impreſſion upon his Spirits, and ſpent, as would Diſappoint the princi-
Peace of Mind; and that he would, he pal Ends of the Journey; if they should
fear'd, look upon it as the greateſt Mif- fend for a Paſs to France, the Cere-
fortune and Amiction, that could befal mony in the aſking and granting it,
him in this World. The Prince, then and that which would flow from it, in
taking the Opportunity, from the good his Paſſage through that Kingdom,
Temper he ſaw his Father in, to enlarge would be, at leaſt, liable to the ſame
upon thoſe two Points, which he knew Objection of delay: Beſides that, ac-
were moſt Important in the King's own cording to the myſteries and intrigues
Wiſhes and Judgment,. That this ex of State, ſuch a Paſs cou'd not in point
pedierit would put a quick end to this of Security be reaſonably. Depended
Treaty, which could not be continued, upon; and therefore they had thought
after his Arrival in that Court, but that of an Expedient, which would avoid
his Marriage muſt preſently enſue, all Inconveniencies and Hazards; and
which he knew well enough, the King that it ſhould be executed before it
did moſt impatiently deſire of all Blel ſhould be ſuſpected ; that it had never
ſings in this World: He ſaid likewiſe, hitherto been, in the leaſt Degree,
he would undertake that his Preſence conſulted but between themſelves (which
would in a Moment, deternine the Re-' was really true) and therefore, if they
ftitution of the Palatinate to his Bro now undertook the Journey only with
ther and Siſter ; which was the ſecond two Servants, who ſhould not know
Thing the King longed moſt paſſionate any thing till the Moment they were
ly to ſee, before he ſhould leave this to depart, they might eaſily paſs thro'
World.
France, before they ſhould be miſs'd at
Theſe diſcourſes, urged with all the Whitebell ; which was not hard to be
Artifice and Addreſs imaginable, ſo far conceived, and ſo with the leis Dir-
wrought upon, and prevailed with the quiſition was confented to by the King;
| King, that with leſs heſitation than his and the farther Deliberation of what
-Nature was accuſtomed to, and much was more to be done both in Matter
leſs than was agreeable to his great and Manner, and the Nomination of
Wiſdom, he gave his Approbation, the Perſons who ſhould attend them,
and promiſed that the Prince ſhould and the time for their Departure was
make the Journey he was ſo much in- deferr'd to the Conſultation of the next
clined to. Whether he did not upon Day.
the ſuddain comprehend the Conſe When the King, in his Retirement,
quences, which would naturally attend and by himſelf, came to Revolve what
ſuch a raſh Undertaking, or the leſs had been ſo looſely Conſulted before,
conſidered them, becauſe Proviſions, as he had a wonderful Sagacity in leich
which muſt be made for ſuch a Jour-' Reflections, a thouſand Difficulties and
ney, both with reference to the Ex- Dangers occurr'd to him, and ſo many
pence and Security of it, would take Precipices, which could hardly be
R much time, and could not be done avoided in ſuch a Jourrier ; bifides
thrin
i
1
)
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
II
thoſe Conſiderations, which the violent Intereſt, the Execution whereof would
Affection of a father to his only Son, break his Heart, and that they would
ſuggeſted to him, he thought how ill an give over any further purſuit of it.
Influence it might have on his People, The Prince, and the Duke took not
too much diſpoſed to murmur and com- the Pains to anſwer any of the Reaſons
plain of the leaſt Inadvertency ; and his Majeſty had inſiſted on ; his High-
that they looked upon the Prince as the neſs only putting him in mind of the
Son of the Kingdom, as well as his Promiſe he had made
Own. He conſidered the Reputation before, which was ſo Sacred, that he
he ſhould loſe with all Foreign Princes hoped he would not Violate it ; which
(eſpecially if any ill Accident ſhould if he ſhould, it would make him never
happen) by ſo much departing from more think of Marriage. The Duke, who
his Dignity in expoſing the immediate better knew, what kind of Arguments
Heir of the Crown, his only Son, to were of Prevalence with him, treated
all the Dangers, and all the Jealouſies, him more rudely; told him, no-Body
which particular .Malice, or that fa- could believe any Thing he ſaid, when
thomleſs abyſs of Reaſon of State, might he detracted ſo ſoon the Promiſe he had
prepare and contrive againſt him; and.. ſo ſolemny made ; that he plainly diſ-
then, in how deſperate a Condition cern'd, that it proceeded from another
himſelf, and his Kingdoms ſhould re- Breach of his Word, in, coinmunicat-
main, if the Prince miſcarried by ſuch ing with ſome Raſcal, who had furniſh-
an unparalleld Weakneſs of his, con- . ed him with thoſe. pitiful: Reaſons he
trary to the light of his Underſtanding, had alledg’d, and he doubted not but
as well as the current of his Affections. he thould hereafter know who his Coun-
Theſe Reflections were ſo Terrible to ſellor had, been; That if he receded
him, that they robbed him of all Peace from what he had promiſed, it would
and Quiet of Mind; inſomuch as when · be. ſuch a. Diſobligation to the Prince,
the Prince, and Duke came to: him who had ſet his Heart now upon the
about the Diſpatch, he fell into a great Journey, after his Majeſty's Approba-
Paſſion with Tears, and told them, that ţion, that he could never forget it, nor
he was Undone, and that it would forgive any Man who had been the Cauſe
break his Heart, if they purſued their of it.
Reſolution ; that upon a true and dir The Prince, who had always ex-
paſſionate Diſquiſition he had made preſs’d the higheſt Duty and Reverence
with himſelf, he was abundantly
. con towards the King, by his humble and
vinced, that, beſides the almoſt in- importunate Entreaty, and the Duke,
evitable Hazards of the Prince's Per: by his rougher Dialect, in the end pre-
fon, with whom his Life was bound
up. vailed ſo far (after his Majeſty bad.pal-
he forefaw it would ruin the whole De- fionately, and with many Oaths re-
fign, and irrecoverably break the Match. nounced the. having communicated the
Then he put the Duke in mind (whom Matter with any Perſon,living) that the
"he hitherto believed only to comply Debate was again reſum’d upon the
with the Prince to oblige him, after a Journey, which they, earneſtly deſired
long Alienation from his Favour). how might not be deferr'd, but that they
inevitable his Ruin muſt be, by the might take their leaves of the King
Effeet of this Counſel, how ungracious within two Days, in which they
he was already with the People; and would have all Things ready that were
how
many Enemies he had, amongſt neceſſary, his Highneſs pretending to
the greateſt Perſons of the Nobility, Hunt at Theobalds, and the Duke to
who would make ſuch uſe of this Oc- take Phyſick at Chelſey.
caſion, that it would not be in his Ma They told him, that being to have
jeſty's Power to protect him. And only Two more in their Company, as
then he concluded with the Diſorder was before reſolv'd, they had thought
and Paſſion, with which he begun, with (if he approved them) upon Sir Francis
Sighs and Tears, to conjure them, that Cottington, and Endymion Porter, who,
they would no more preſs him to give though they might ſafely, ſhould not
liis Conſent to a Thing fo contrary to be truſted with a Secret, till they were
his Reaſon, and Underſtanding, and
even ready to be embarked. The Per-
fons
12
The Hiſtory of the Rebellius
ſons were both grateful to the King; the There appear'd Dilpleaſure ánů A3-
former having been long his Majeſty's ger enough in the Countenances both of
Agent in the Court of Spain, and was the Prince and Duke; the latter ſaying
how Secretary to the Prince; the other, that, as ſoon as the King fent for him, he
having been bred in Madrid, after whilper'd the Prince in the Ear that he
many years Attendance upon the Duke, would be againit it: that he knew his
was now one of the Bed-Chamber to Pride well enough ; and that, becau!
the Prince: So that his Majeſty cheer- he had not been firſt adviſed with, he
fully approved the Election they had was reſolved to diſlike it; and therefore
made, and wiſh'd it might be preſently he reproach'd Cottington with all poi-
imparted to them ; ſaying, that many ſible Bitterneſs of Words, told him the
Things would occur to them, as neceſ- King aſked him only of the Journey;
ſary to the Journey, that they two and which would be the beſt Way, of
would never think of ; and took that which he might be a competent Coun-
occaſion to ſend for Sir Francis Cotting- ſellor, having made the Way ſo often
ton to come preſently to him (whilſt the by Poft; but that he had the Prcfump-
other remaind with him) who being, tion to give his Advice upon matter of
of Cuſtom, waiting in the outward State, and againſt his Maſter, without
Room, was quickly brought in ; whilft being callid to it, which he ſhould re-
the Duke whiſper'd the Prince in the pent as long as he liv'd; with a thou-
Ear, that Cottington would be againſt fand new Reproaches, which put the
the Journey, and his Highneſs anſwer'd poor King into a new Agony; on the
he Durſt not.
behalf of a Servant, who he foreſai
The King told him, that he had al- would ſuffer for anſwering him honeft-
ways been an honeſt Man, and therefore ly. Upon which he ſaid, with ſome
he was now to truſt him in an Affair of Commotion, Nay, by God, Stenny,
the Higheſt Importance, which he was you are very much to blame to uſe him
not, upon his Life, to diſcloſe to any ſo: he anſwered me directly to the Que-
Man alive; then ſaid to him, Cotting- ſtion I aſked him, and very Honeltly
fon, here is Baby Charles and Stenny (an and Wiſely: and yet you know he ſaid
Appellation he always uſed, of and to no more than I told you before he was
wards the Duke) who have a great mind cali'd in. However, after all this Paf-
to go by Poſt into Spain, to fetch home the fion on both Parts, the King yielded ;
Infanta, and will have but Two more in and the Journey was at that Conference
their Company, and have choſen You for agreed on, and all Directions given ac-
What think You of the Journey? cordingly to Sir Francis Cottington; the
(He often proteſted ſince, that when he King having now plainly diſcover'd,
heard the King, he fell into ſuch a that the whole Intrigue was originally
trembling that he could hardly ſpeak. contrived by the Duke, and fo vio-
But when the King Commanded him to lently purſu'd by his Spirit and In-
Anſwer him, what He thought of the petuoſity.
Journey) He reply'd, that he could not The Manner, Circumſtances, and
think well of it, and that he believed, it Concluſion of that Voyage, with the
would render all that had been done to- extraordinary Accidents that happen'd
wards the Match, Fruitleſs : for that in it, have been taken Notice of in the
Spain would no longer think themſelves Hiſtory of thoſe Times; in which it
obliged by thoſe Articles, but that, when manifeſtly appears, how much of the
they had the Prince in their Hands, they Prophet was in the Wiſdom of the
would make new Overtures, which they King; and that deſigned Marriage,
believ'd more Advantageous to tbem; a. which had been ſo many Years in
mongſt which they muſt look for many Treaty, even from the Death of Prince
that would concern Religion, and the Harry, and ſo near concluded, was
Exerciſe of it in England. Upon which ſolely broken by that Journey; which,
the King threw himſelf upon his Bed, with the Pallages before mentioned,
and ſaid, I told you this before, and King James never forgave the Duke of
fell into new Paſſion, and Lamentation, Buckingha112 ; but retained as ſharp a
that he was undone and ſhould loſe B.iby Memory of it, as His Nature could
Charles.
contain,
This
one.
in the Reign of King CHARLES İ.
13
fidence being repored ſtill in the Duke, and the great Dexterity he uſed in get-
This Indiſpoſition of the King to one or both Houſes, as occaſion ſhould
wards the Duke was exceedingly en be offered, make a Relation of what had
creaſed, and aggravated, upon and af- paſs’d in Spain, eſpecially concerning
ter the Prince's return out of Spain. the Palatinate : that fo the Houſes be-
For though it brought infinite Joy and ing put into ſome Method and Order
Delight to his Majeſty, which he ex of their future Debate; they might be
preſs'd in all imaginable Tranſport, and more eaſily regulated, than if they were
was the Argument of the loudeſt, and in the Beginning left to that Liberty,
moſt univerſal Rejoycing over the whole which they naturally affected, and from
Kingdom, that the Nation had ever which they would not be reſtrain'd,
been acquainted with ; in which the but in ſuch 3, Manner, as would be
Duke had ſo full a Harveſt, that the grateful to themſeves.
Imprudence, and Preſumption of carry Things being thus concerted, after
ing the Prince into Spain was totally the Houſes had been three or four Days
forgotten, or not remember'd, with together, the Prince began to ſpeak of
any Reference to him, and the high the Spaniſh Affairs, and of his own
Merit and ineſtimable Obligation, in Journey thither, and forgot not to men-
bringing him Home, was remember'd, tion the Duke with more than ordinary
magnified, and celebrated by all Men Affection. Whereupon it was thought
in all Places; yet the King was wonder- fit, that the whole Affair, ſhould be
fully-diſquieted, when he found that the ſtated and enlarged upon in a Con-
Prince was totally alienated from all ference between the two Houſes, which
Thoughts of the Marriage, and that his Highneſs and the Duke were deſired
they were reſolv'd to break it with, or to manage. How little Notice ſoever
without his Approbation or Confent. any Body elſe could take of the Change,
And in this the Duke reſum’d the ſame the Duke himſelf too well knew the
Impetuoſity he had ſo much indulged hearty Reſentment the King had of
to Himſelf in the Debate of the Jour- what. had paſs’d, and the Affection he
ney into Spain.
ſtill had for the. Spaniſh Treaty: and
The King had; upon the Prince's therefore he had done, and reſolvid
Return, iſſued out Writs to call a Par- ſtill to do, all he could; to make him-
liament, which was in the twenty firſt ſelf grateful to the Parliament, and
Year of his Reign; thinking it necef- Popular amongſt the People; who, he
fary, with relation to the Perplexities knew, had always deteſted the Match
he was in, for the breach of this Match with Spain, or in Truth any Alliance
with Spain (which he foreſaw muſt en with that Nation.
ſue) and the fad Condition of his only So when, at the Conference, the
Daughter in Germany, with her nume Prince had made a ſhort Introduction to
rous Iſſue, to receive their grave Ad- the Buſineſs, and ſaid ſome very kind
vice. By the Time the Parliament Things of the Duke; of his wonderful
could meet, the Prince's entire Con- Care of him, whilſt he was in Spain,
as the King's ſeemed to be, the Duke ing him away; he referr'd the whole
had wrought himſelf into the very great Relation to Him: Who ſaid, That the
Eſteem and Confidence of the principal true Ground of the Prince's Journey into
Members of both Houſes of Parliament, Spain, which, be well knew, had begot
who were moſt like to be the leading ſuch a terrible panting in the Hearts of
Men, and had all a Deſire to have as all good Engliſh-Men, had been only to
much Reputation in the Court, as they make a clear
Diſcovery of the Sincerity of
had in the Country. It was very rea- the Spaniard, and, if his Intentions were
fonably thought neceſſary, that as the real, to put a ſpeedy End to it by Marry-
King would; at the opening of the ing of the Lady upon the Place; if he
Parliament, make mention of the found it otherwiſe, to put his Father,
Treaty with Spain, and more at large and himſelf at Liberty to diſpoſe of him-
of his Daughter's being driven out of ſelf in some other Place. That the Em-
the Palatinate, which would require baſſador in whoſe Hands that great Af-
their Aſiſtance and Aid; ſo that the fair was ſolely managed, when, in one
Prince and Duke ſhould afterwards, to Diſpatch, he writ that all was concluded,
4
D
in
14
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion ·
in the next, uſed to give an Account of whole, and concurrd with them in it.
new Difficulties, and new Demands; That he was so much troubled, when he
And, when all Things were adjuſted at firſt ſaw the Prince, wbo alighted at bis
Madrid, ſome unexpected Scruples dif- Houſe, that be could not contain himſelf,
covered themſelves at Rome, with which but wiſh'd that bis Highneſs were at
the Council 'in Spain ſeem'd to be ſur- Home again : That be bed afterwards,
priz'd, and appeared to be confounded, when he found that bis Highnejs liked it e
and not to know what to ſay. Theſe Ebbs Infanta, perſwaded bim in private ti:-1
and Floods made the Prince apprehend, he would become a Papiſt; and tk::
that the Purpoſe was to amuſe us, whilft without changing bis Religion, it would
they bad other Deſigns in ſecret Agitation. not be poffible ever to compefs that 11c; -
And thereupon, that his Highneſs had riage.
prevailed with his Father to permit bim He told them, That the King her
to make the Journey, that he might make ſent for the Earl to return Home, where he
that uſual Diſcovery, which could not on ſhould be calls to Account for all his Mif-
tberwiſe be made in qny reaſonable carriages. Whereas in Truth the King
Time.
had recall'd him rather to aſſiſt him a-
That they no ſooner came to Madrid, gainſt the Duke, than to expoſe him to
than they diſcovered that there had never his Malice and Fury; his Majeſty hav-
been any real Purpoſe that the Infanta ing a great Eſteem of that Earl's Fi-
should be given to him: That, during to delity to him, and of his great Abi-
fo long an abode as his Highneſs made lities.
there, they had never procurd the Diſ The Conference ended in a wonder-
penſation frou Rome; which they mightful Applauſe in both Houſes, of the
eaſily bave done : And that at laſt, upon Prince and Duke's Behaviour and Car-
the:Death of the Pope, Gegory the 15th, riage throughout the Affair, and in a
the whole Proceſs was to begin again, and haſty Reſolution to diffwade the King
would be tranſazted with the Formalities, from entertaining any farther Motions
which :they should find neceſary to their towards the Match, and frankly and
other Affairs.
réſolutely. to enter into a War with
That they would not ſuffer the Prince Spain; towards the carrying on of
to confer with, or so much as to ſpeak to, which they raiſed great Mountains of
hardly, and very rarely to ſee bis Mi- Promiſes, and, prevailing in the firſt,
ſtreſs, whom they pretended be ſhould never remember'd to make good the
forthwith narry. That they could never latter ; which too often fall out in ſuch
obtain any better anſwer in the Bufinefs Counſels.
of the Palatinate, than that the Reſtoring When King James was inforiuild of
it was not in the Power of that King, what the Duke had fo confidently :-
though it had been taken by the ſole Power vow'd, for which he had rot Authority,
af Spain and the Spaniſh Army, under or the leaſt Direction from him; and
the Command of the Marquis Spinola, a great Part whereof himſelf knew to
who was then in the entire Polefion of be untrue ; and that he had adviſed an
it; but that his Catholick Majeſty would utter Breach of the Treaty, and to enter
uſe his Interpoſition, with all the Credit upon a War with Spain, he was infi-
he had with the Emperour and Duke of nitely offended ; ſo that he wanted only
Bavaria, without whoſe joint Conſent it a reſolute and briſk Counſellor, to aliit
could not be done, and whoſe Conſent he him in deſtroying the Duke ; and ſuch
hoped to obtain; but that he was well af- a one he promiſed himſelf in the arrival
fured, that there was no more real In- of the Earl of Briſtol, whom he ex-
tention in that point of Reſtitution, than pected every Day.-
in the other of Marriage; and that the His Majeſty had another Exception
Palatinate could not be hoped to be re- againſt the Duke, which touch'd him
covered any other way than by Force, as near ; and in which he enlarged him-
which would eaſily bring it to paſs. felf much more. Lionel Cranfield, who,
Throughout his whole Diſcourſe he (though extracted from a Gentleman's
made frequent Reflections upon .the Family) had been bred in the City, and
Earl of Briſtol, as if he very well being a Man of great Wit and Under-
knew the Spaniards Purpoſes in the Standing in all the Myſteries of Trade,
hud
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
15
ad found Means to work himſelf into ſhould find, that their Security did noz
the good Opinion and Favour of the depend ſolely upon his own Protection :
Duke of Buckingham ; and, having Which Breach upon his Kingly Power
fhortly after married a near Relation of was ſo much without a Precedent (ex-
the Dike's, with wonderful Expedition cept one unhappy one made three Years
was made a Privy-Counſellor, Maſter before, to gratify likewiſe a private Dif-
of the Wardrobe, Maſter of the Wards, pleaſure) that the like had not been
and, without parting with any of theſe, practiſed in very many Years.
was now become Lord High Treaſurer When this Proſecution was firſt en-
of England, and Earl of Middleſex, and terd upon, and that the King clearly
had gain’d ſo much Credit with the diſcern’d it was contrivd by the Duke,
King, that during the Duke's Abſence and that he had likewiſe prevail'd with
in Spain, he was not only negligent in the Prince to be well pleas'd with it ;
the ifluing out ſuch Sums of Money, as his Majeſty ſent for them, and with
were neceſſary for the defraying thoſe much Warmth and Paſſion; diffwaded
unlimited Expences, and to correſpond them from appearing farther in it; and
with him with that Deference he had conjur'd them to uſe all their intereft
uſed to do, but had the Courage to dif- and Authority to reſtrain it, as ſuch a
putt his Commands, and to appeal to Wound to the Crown, that would not be
the King, whoſe Ear was always incli eaſily, healed. And when he found the
ned to him, and in whom he begun to Duke unmov'd by all the Conſidera-
believe himſelf ſo far faſtened, that he tions, and Arguments, and Commands,
íhould not ſtand in need of the future he had offer’d, he ſaid, in great Choler,
Support of the Favourite. And of all By God, Stenny, you are a Fooli end
this the Duke could not be without an- will ſportły repent 'this Folly, and will
ple Information, as well from his own find, that,', įn this Fit of Popularity, you
Creatures, who were near enough to are making c-Rod, with which you will
obſerve ; as from others, who, caring be ſcourged your Self: And turning in
for neither of them, were more ſcanda- ſome Anger to the Prince, told him,
liz'd at fo precipitate a Promotion of a That he would live to have his Bélly full
Perſon of fuch an Education, and whom of Parliament Impeachments; and, wher
they had long known ſo much their In I fall be dead, you will have too much
ferior, though it could not be denied cauſé
' to remember, how much you bave
that he filld the Places he held with contributed to the weakning of the Crown,
great Abilities.
by the two precedents you are Now for
The Duke no fɔoner found the Pare found of ; intending as well the En-
liament diſpoſed to a good Opinion of gaging the Parliament in the War, as
him, and being well aſſured of the the Proſecution of the Earl of Middle-
Prince's faſt Kindnefs, then he project- ſex.
ed the Ruin of this holi Rival of his, But the Duke's Power, ſupported by
of whom he ſaw clearly enough that the the Prince's Countenance, was grown
King had ſo good an Opinion, thať it ſo great in the two Houſes, that it was
would not be in his fole Power to cruſh in vain for the King to interpoſes, and
him, as he had done others, in the ſame; fo (notwithſtanding ſo good a Defence
and as high a Station. And ſo he eaſily made by the Earl, that he was abſolv'd
procured ſome Leading Men in the from any notorious Crime, by the inn-
Houſe of Commons, to cauſe an Im- partial Opinion of many of thoſe who
peachment for ſeveral Corruptions, and heard all the Evidence) he was at laſt
Miſdemeanours, to be ſent up to the condemn'd in a great Fine, to a long
Houſe of Peers againſt that great Mi- and ſtrict Impriſonment, and never to
niſter, whom they had ſo lately known fit in Parliament during his Life: A
their Equal in that Houſe ; which dif- Clauſe of ſuch a Nature as was never
poſed them with great alacrity to this before found in any Judgment of Par-
Proſecution. The wiſe King knew well liament, and, in truth, not to be inflict-
enough the ill Conſequence, that muſt ed upon any Peer but by Attainder.
attend ſuch an Activity ; and that it How much alienated foever the King's
would ſhake his own Authority in the Affection was in truth from the Duke,
Choice of his own Miniſters, when they upon theſe three Provocations ; (1) The
Prince's
3
16
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
be
Prince's Journey into Spain ; (2) The continued in the ſame degree of Favour
Engaging the Parliament to break the at the leaſt, with the Son, which he
Match, and Treaty with Spain, and to enjoyed ſo many Years under the Fa-
make a War againſt that Crown; and ther. A rare Felicity! ſeldom known,
(3) The Sacrificing the Earl of Middle- and in which the Expectation of very
ſex in ſuch a Manner, upon his own many, was exceedingly diſappointed;
Animoſity; yet he was ſo far from who knowing the great Jealouſy and
thinking fit to manifeſt it (except in Indignation, that the Prince had hereto-
Whiſpers to very few Men) that he was fore conceiv'd againſt the Duke, for
prevaild with to reſtrain the Earl of having been once very near ſtriking him,
Briſtol upon his firſt Arrival, without expected that he would now remember
permitting him to come into his Pre- that Infolence, of which he then ſo
fence, which he had poſitively promi- often complain’d ; without conſidering
ſed; and reſolv'd to do; and in the the Opportunity the Duke had, by the
End ſuffer'd his Attorney General to Converſation with the Prince, during
exhibit a Charge of High Treaſon, in his Journey into Spain, and whilſt hé
his Majeſty's Name, againſt the ſaid was there, to wipe out the Memory of
Earl, who was thereupon committed to all former Overſights, by making them
the Tower ; but ſo little dejected with appear to be of a leſs Magnitude than
it, that he anſwer'd the Articles with they had been underſtood before.
great Steddyneſs and Unconcernedneſs,
But a Parliament was neceſſary to be
and exhibited another Charge of High call'd, as at the Entrance of all Kings
Treaſon againſt the Duke, in many to the Crown, for the Continuance of
Particulars.
ſome Supplies and Revenue to the King;
And in this Order and Method the which have been ſtill uſed to
grant-
War was haſtily entered into againſt ed in that Seafon. And now he quick-
Spain ;. and a new Treaty ſet on Foot ly found how prophetick the laſt King's
for the Prince of Wales with the Daugh- Predictions had proved, and were like
ter of. France; which was quickly con to prove. The Parliament that had ſo
cluded, though not fully compleated rafhly advanced the War, and fo paf-
till after the Death of King James ; fionately adhered to his Perſon, was
who, in the Spring following, after a now no more ; and though the Houſe
ſhort Indiſpoſition by the Gout, fell of. Peers conſiſted ſtill of the ſame
into an Ague, which meeting many Men, and moſt of the principal Meni
Humours in a fat unweildeď Body of of the Houſe of Commons were again
58 Years old, in four or five Fits, car- elected to ſerve in this Parliament, yet
ried him out of the World, After they were far from wedding the War;
whoſe Death many ſcandalous, and li- or taking themſelves to be concern'd to
bellous Diſcourſes were raiſed, without make good any Declaration made by
the leaft Colour, or Ground; as ap- the former : So that though the Wat
pear'd upon the - ſtricteſt, and moſt was entred in, all hope of obtaining
malicious Examination that could be Money to carry it on was even deſpe-
made, long after, in a time of Licence, rate ; and the Affection they had for
when no Body was afraid of offending the Duke, and Confidence in him, was
Majeſty, and when proſecuting the not then ſo manifeft, as the Prejudice
higheſt Reproaches, and Contumelies a- they had now, and Animoſity againſt
gainſt the Royal Family, was held very him, was viſible to all the World. All
meritorious.
the Actions of his Life ripp'd up, and
Upon the Death of King James, ſurvey'd, and all malicious Gloſſes,
Charles Prince of Wales ſucceeded to made upon all he had ſaid, and all he
the Crown, with as univerſal a Joy in had done: Votes and Remonſtrances
the People, as can be imagin'd, and in paſs'd againſt him as an Enemy to the
a Conjuncture, when all the other Parts. Publick ; and his ill Management made
of Chriſtendom, being engaged in War, the Ground of the Refuſal to give the
were very ſolicitous for his Friendſhip; King that Supply he had Reaſon to ex-
and the more, becauſe he had already pect, and was abſolutely neceſſary to the
And this kind of
diſcovered an Activity, that was not State he was in.
like to ſuffer him to ſit ſtill. The Duke Treatment was ſo ill ſuited to the Duke's
great
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 17
great Spirit, which indeed might have Endeavours ſhould have been uſed to
eaſily been bowed, but could very have extinguiſhed that War, in which
hardly be broken, that it wrought con the King was ſo unhappily engaged a-
trary Effects upon his high Mind, and gainſt Spain, a new War was as pre-
his 'Indignation, to find himſelf focipitately declared againſt France, and
uſed by the ſame Men. For they who the Fleet, that had been unwarily de-
Aatter'd him moſt before, mention'd fign’d to have ſurpriſed Cales, under a
him now with the greateſt Bitterneſs General very unequal to that great
and Acrimony; and the ſame Men who Work, which no ſooner return’d with-
had call'd him our Saviour for bringing out fucceſs, and with much damage,
the Prince out of Spain, call'd him than it was repaired, and the Ariny
now the Corrupter of the King, and reinforced for the Invaſion of France,
Betrayer of the Liberties of the People, in which the Duke was General himſelf,
without imputing the leaſt Crime to and made that unfortunate Deſcent up-
him, to have been committed ſince the on the Ine of Ree, which was quickly
Time of that exalted Adulation, or that afterwards attended with many unprof-
was not then as much known to them, perous Attempts, and then with a mi-
as it could be now: ſo fluctuating and ſerable Retreat ; in which the Flower
unſteady a Teſtimony is the Applauſe of the Army was loſt. So that how ill
of popular Councils.
foever Spain and France were inclined to
This Indignation, I ſay, ſo tranſport- each other, they were both bitter Ene-
ed the Duke, that he thought neceſſary mies to England; whilſt England it ſelf
to publiſh and manifeſt a greater Con was ſo totally taken up with the
tempt of them, than he ſhould have thought of Revenge upon the Perſon
done; cauſing this and the next Parlia- who they thought had been the Cauſe of
ment to be quickly diſſolvid, as ſoon as their Diſtreſs, that they never con-
they ſeem'd to entertain Counſels not ſider'd, that the ſad Effects of it (if not
grateful to him; and before he could inftantly provided againſt) muſt inevita-
well determine and judge what their bly deſtroy the Kingdom: and gave no
Temper was in Truth like to prove; Truce to their Rage, till the Duke
and, upon every Diffolution, ſuch as finiſhid his courſe, by a wicked Affaf-
had given any Offence, were im- ſination in the fourth Year of the King,
priſon'd, or diſgraced; new. Projects and the thirty ſixth of his Age.
were every Day ſet on foot for Money; John Felton, an obſcure Man in his
which ſerv'd only to offend and in- own Perſon, who had been bred a Sol-
cenfe the People, and brought little dier, and lately a Lieutenant of a Foot
Supplies to the King's Occaſions; yet Company, whoſe Captain had been
raiſed a great Stock for Expoftulation, kill'd upon the Retreat at the Ine of
Murmur, and Complaint, to be ex- Ree, upon which he conceiv'd that the
poſed when other Supplies ſhould be re- Company of right ought to have been
quired. And many Perſons, of the conferr'd upon Him, and it being re-
beſt Quality and Condition under the fuſed to him by the Duke of Bucking-
Peerage, were committed to ſeveral ham General of the Army, had given
Priſons, with Circumſtances unuſual and up his Commiſſion of Lieutenant, and
unheard of, for refuſing to pay Money withdrawn himſelf from the Army:
required by thoſe extraordinary Ways; He was of a melancholick Nature, and
and the Duke himſelf would paſſionately had little Converſation with any Body,
ſay, and frequently do many Things; yet of a Gentleman's Family in Suffolk,
which only griev'd his Friends, and in- of good Fortune and Reputation. From
cenſed his Enemies, and gave them as the Time that he had quitted the Army,
well the Ability as the Inclination to do he reſided in London ; when the Houſe
him much harm.
of Commons, tranſported with Paſſion
In this fatal Conjuncture, and after and Prejudice againſt the Duke of Buck-
many ſeveral coſtly Embaſſies into ingham, had accuſed him to the Houſe
France, in the laſt of which the Duke of Peers for ſeveral Miſdemeanors and
himſelf went, and brought triumphant- Miſcarriages, and in ſome Declaration
ly home with him the Queen to the Joy had ſtyled him, The cauſe of all the
of the Nation; in a Time when all E
Erilis
5
18
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
Evils the Kingdom ſuffer' d; and an itir Inpatience and litereit perſwaded
Enemy to the Publick,
them were not advanced with Expedi-
Some Tranſcripts of ſuch Expreſſions tion; and fo tliey held much Diſcourſe
and ſome general Invectives he met with the Duke of the Impofiibility that
with amongit the People, to whom his Intelligence could be true, and that
that great Man was not grateful, it was contrived by the Artifice and
wrought ſo far upon this melancholick Dexterity of their Enemies, in order
Gentleman, that by degrees, and.(as to abate the Warmth and Zeal that was
he ſaid upon ſome of his Examinatiohs) uſed for their Relief, the Arr ul of
by frequently hearing ſome popular which Relief thoſe Eneinies had ſo
Preachers in the City, he believed he much Reaſon to apprehend; and a
fhould do God good ſervice, if he killid longer Delay in ſending-it would cafe
the Duke; which he ſhortly after re- 'them of that terrible Apprehenſion,
foly'd to do. He choſe no other In- their Forts and Works towards the Sea,
ſtrument to do it with, than an ordinary and in the Harbour, being almoſt
Knife, which he bought of a common
finiſh'd.
Cutler for a Shilling: and thus provid This Diſcourſe, according to the na-
ed he repair’d to Portſmouth, where he tural Cuſtom of that Nation, and by
arrived the Eve. of St. Bartholomew. the uſual Dialect of that Language,
The Duke was then there, in order to was held with that Paſſion and Vehe-
prepare and make ready the Fleet and mence, that the Standers by, who under-
the Army, with which he reſolved in ſtood not French, did believe that they
few Days to tranſport himſelf to the were angry, and that they uſed the Duke
Relief of Rochel, which was theri ftrait- rudely. He being ready, and informid
ly beſieged by the Cardiral Richelieu ; that his Break-faſt was ready, drew to-
and for the Relief whereof the Duke wards the Door, where the Hangings
was the more oblig'd, by Reaſon that, were held up; and, in that
very
Par.
at his being at the Iſle of Ree, he had re- fage, turning himſelf to ſpeak with Sir
ceiv'd great Supplies of Victuals, and Thomas Fryer, a Colonel of the Army,
fome Companies of their Garriſon from who was then ſpeaking near his Ear, he
that Towr, the want of both which was on a ſuddain ſtruck over his Shoul-
they were at this Time very ſenſible of, der upon the 'Breaſt with a knife; up-
and grievid at.
on which, without uſing any other
This Morning of St. Bartholomew the Words, but, The Villein baih killd
Duke had received Letters, in which ine; and in the ſame Moment pulling
he was advertiſed that Rochel had re out the Knife himſelf, he fell down
liev'd it ſelf; upon which he directed dead; the Knife having pierced his Heart.
that his Break-faſt might fpeedily be No Man had ſeen the Blow, or the
made ready, and he would make hafte Man who gave it, but in the Confuſion
to acquaint the King with the good they were in, every Man made his own
News, the Court being then at South- conjecture, and declared it as a Thing
wick the Houſe of Sir Daniel Norton, known; moſt agreeing that it was done
five Miles from Portſmouth. The by the French, from the angry Dil-
Chamber wherein he was dreſſing him- courſe they thought they had heard from
ſelf, was 'full of Company, of Perſons' them. And it was a kind of a Miracle,
of Quality, and Officers of the Fleet they were not all kill'd in that Inſtant ;
and Army.
the fober fort, that preſerv'd them from
There was Monſieur de Soubize Bro- it, having the fame Opinion, of their
ther to the Duke of Rohen, and other Guilt, and only reſerving them for
French Gentlemen, who were very ſol- a more judicial Examination and Pro-
licitous for the Embarkation of the ceeding.
Army, and for the Dep:řture of the In the Crowd near the Door, there
Fleet for the Relief of Rochel: and. was found upon the Ground a Hat, in
they were at that Time in much Trou- the inſide whereof there was ſew'd upon
ble and Perplexity, out of Apprehen- the Crown a Paper, in which were writ
fion that the News the Duke had re four or five Lines of that Declaration
ceiv'd that Morning might Nacken the made by the Houſe of Commons, in
Preparations for the Yoyage, which which they had ſtyld the Duke an E-
nemy
1
I
in the Reign of King CHARLES Í.
19
nemy to the Kingdom ; and under it a ſcience ; and that the Motives thereinta
ſhort Ejaculation or two towards a would appeer; if bis Het were found, iit
Prayer
. "It was eaſily enough concluded which he had therefore fixed them, because
that the Hat belonged to the Perſon who be believ'd it very probable that he irig?at
had committed tủe Murder : But the periſh in this Aitempt. He confeſs'd, ;
Difficulty remain'd ſtill as great, Who that he had come to Totein but the Nişkt
that Perſon ſhould be ? for the Writing before, and had kept his Lodging, that he
diſcover'd nothing of the Name, and might not be ſeen, or teken notice of ; and
whoſoever it was, it was very natural to that he had core that Morning to the
believe, that he was gone far enough, Duke's Lodging, where he had waited at
not to be found without a Hat.
the Door for his coming out ; and when
In this Hurry, one running one Way, he found, by the Motions to Klint hos
another another Way, a Man was ſeen was coming; he drew to ihe Door, as if
walking before the Door very compo- be held up the Hanging and Sir Thon
ſedly without a Hat ; whereupon one mas Fryar Speaking with the Duke, as
crying out, Here is the Fellow that kill'd hath been ſaid, and being of much lower
the Duke ; upon which others run thi- ftature than the Duke, who a little irclin-
ther, every body aſking, Which is He? ed towards him, he took the Opportunity
Which is he? to which the Man with- of giving the Blow over his Shoulders.
out the Hat very compoſedly anſwer'd, He ſpoke very frankly of what he
I am He. Thereupon ſome of thoſe had done, and bore the Reproaches of
who were moſt furious, ſuddenly ran thoſe who ſpoke to him, with the
upon the Man with their drawn Swords Temper of a Man who thought he had
to lill him ; but others, who were at not done amiſs. But after he haci been in
leaſt equally concern'd in the Loſs, and Priſon fome Time, where he was treat-
in the Senſe of it, defended him: Him- his ed without any Rigour, and with
ſelf with open Arms very calmly and Humanity enough; and before, and at
chearfully expoſing Himſelf to the Fury his Trial, which was about four Months
and Swords of the moſt enraged, as be- after, at the King's Bench Bar, he behav-
ing very willing to fall a Sacrifice to ed himſelf with great Modeſty and won-
their ſudden Anger, rather than to be derful Repentance ; being, as he ſaid,
kept for that deliberate Juſtice, which convinced in his Conſcience, that he
he knew muſt be executed upon him. had done wickedly, and afkd the Parn
He was now known enough, and ea don of the King, the Dutcheſs, and all
fily diſcoverd to be that Felton, whom the Dake's Servants, whom he aclanowa
we mention'd before, had been a Lieu- ledg’d to have offended; and very car-
tenant in the Army: He was quickly neſtly beſought the Judges that he
carry'd into a private Room by the Per- might have his Hand ſtruck off; with
ſons of the beſt Condition, ſome where- which he had perform’d that impious
of were in Authority, who firſt thought Act, before he ſhould be put to Death.
fit ſo far to diffemble, as to mention the The Court was too near Portſmouth,
Duke only grievouſly wounded; but not and too many Courtiers upon the Place,
without hope of Recovery. Upon which to have this Murder long conceald
Feltoz ſmiled, and ſaid, he knew well from the King. His Majeſty was at
enough he had given a Blow that had the publick Prayers of the Church,
determind all their Hopes. Being then when Sir John Hippeſly came into the
alk'd (which was the Diſcovery princi- Room, with a troubled Countenance,
pally aim'd at) by whoſe Inſtigation he and without any Pauſe, in reſpect of the
had perform'd that horrid and wicked Exerciſe they were performing, went
Act; he anſwer’d them with a wonder- directly to the King, and whiſperd in
ful Afſurance, That they should not tricia his Ear, what had fall’n out. His Ma-
ble themſelves in thet Enquiry ; that no jeſty continu'd unmoved, and without
Man living bad Credit of Power enough the leaſt Change in his Countenance, till
with him to have engaged, or diſpoſed Prayers were ended; when lie fuddäin-
bim to ſuch ar. Action; that he had never ly departed to his Chamber, and threw
intruſted bis Purpoſe and Reſolution to a himſelf upon the Bed, lamenting with
ny. Man ; that it proceeded only from much Paſſion, and with Abundance of
Himſelf, and the impulſe of his own Con- Tears, the Loſs he had of an excellene
Servant,
20
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Servant, and the horrid Manner in that If the Infanta did not, as ſoon as five
which he had been depriv'd of him : was married, ſuppreſs that Licence, ſhe
and he continued in this melancholick would herſelf quickly undergo the Miſchief
diſcompoſure of Mind many Days. of it: Which gave the firſt Alarum to
Yet his Manner of receiving the the Duke to apprehend his own Ruin in
News in Publick, when it was firſt that Union, and accordingly to uſe all
brought him in the preſence of ſo many his Endeavours to break and prevent it ;
(who knew or faw nothing of the Paf- and from that time he took all Occa-
fion he expreſsid upon his retreat) made ſions to quarrel with, and reproach the
many Men believe, that the Accident Conde Duke.
was not very ungrateful; at leaſt, that it One Morning the King of Spain de-
was very indifferent to him ; as being fir'd the Prince to take the Air, and to
rid of a Servant very ungracious to viſit a little Houſe of Pleaſure he had
the People, and the Prejudice of four Miles from Madrid, ſtanding in a
whoſe Perſon exceedingly obſtructed all Foreſt, where he us’d ſometimes to
Overtures made in Parliament for his Hunt; and the Duke not being ready,
Service.
the King and the Prince, and the In-
And, upon this Obſervation, Perſons fante Don Carlos went into the Coach,
of all Conditions took great licence in the King likewiſe calling the Earl of
ſpeaking of the Perſon of the Duke, Briſtol into that Coach to aſlift them in
and diffecting all his Infirmities, believ. their Converſation, the Prince then not
ing they ſhould not thereby incur any ſpeaking any Spaniſh; and left Olivarez
diſpleaſure of the King's. In which to follow in the Coach with the Duke
they took very ill Meaſures; for from of Buckingham. When the Duke came,
that Time almoſt to the Time of his they went into the Coach, accompanied
own Death, the King admitted very with others of both Nations, and pro-
few into any degree of Truſt, who had ceeded very cheerfully towards the over.
ever diſcover'd themſelves to be Ene- taking the King ; but when upon the
mies to the Duke, or againſt whom he way he heard, that the Earl of Briſtol
.
had manifeſted a notable prejudice. was in the Coach with the King, he
There are two Particulars, which lie broke out into a great Paſſion, revild
heavieſt upon his Memory, either of the Conde Duke as the Contriver of the
them aggravated by Circumſtances very Affront, reproach'd the Earl of Briſtol
important, and which adminiſter fre- for his Preſumption, in taking the Place
quent Occaſions by their Effects to be which in all reſpects belong'd to Him,
remember'd.
who was join'd with him as Embaſſador
The Firſt, his engaging his old un- Extraordinary, and came laſt from the
willing Maſter and the Kingdom in the Preſence of his Maſter, and reſolv'd to
War with Spain (not to mention the go out of the Coach and to return to
bold Journey thither, or the Breach of Madrid. Oliverez eaſily difcover'd by
that Match) in a Time when the Crown the Diſorder, and the Noiſe, and the
was ſo poor, and the People more in- Tone, that the Duke was very angry,
clin’d to a bold Enquiry, How it came without comprehending the Cauſe of it
to be ſo, than dutiful to provide for only found that the Earl of Briſtol was
its Supply: and this only upon perſonał often nam'd with ſuch a Tone, that he..
Aninioſities between him, and the Duke begun to ſuſpect what in Truth might
of Olivarez, the ſole Favourite in that be the Cauſe. And thereupon he com-
Court, and thoſe Animofities from very manded a Gentleman, who was on
trivial Provocations, which flowed in- Horſeback, with all ſpeed to overtake
deed from no other Fountain, than that the King's Coach, and deſire that it
the Nature and Education of Spain re- might ſtay ; intimating that the Duke
ſtrainid Men from Gaiety, and Frolique had taken ſome Diſpleaſure, the Ground
Humour, to which the Prince's Court whereof was not enough underſtood.
was more inclin'd. And Olivarez had Upon which the King's Coach ſtay'd,
been heard to cenſure very ſeverely the and when the other approach'd within
Duke's Familiarity, and want of Re- diſtance, the Conde Duke alighted, and
fpect towards the Prince (a Crime inon- acquainted the King with what he had
ſtrous to the Spaniard) and had ſaid, obferv’d, and what he conceiv'd. The
3
King
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
21
King himſelf alighted ; made great Prince's departure from the King, Mr.
Compliments to the Duke, the Earl of Clark, one of the Prince's Bed-Cham-
Briſtol excuſing himſelf upon the King's ber, who had formerly ſerv'd the Duke,
Command, that he ſhould ſerve as In was ſent back to Madrid, upon Pre-
terpreter.
In the End Don Carlos went tence that ſomewhat was forgotten
into the Coach with the Favourite, and there, but in Truth, with Orders to the
the Duke and the Earl of Briſtol went Earl of Briſtol not to deliver the
with the King, and the Prince; and ſo Deſponſorios (which, by the Articles,
they proſecuted their Journey, and after he was oblig'd to do, within fifteen
Dinner return’d in the ſame Manner to Days aft: r the arrival of the Diſpenſa-
Madrid.
tion) until he ſhould receive further Or-
This with all the Circumſtances of it ders from the Prince, or King, after his
adminiſter'd wonderful occaſion of Dif return into England.
courſe in the Court and Country, there Mr. Clark was not to deliver this
never having been ſuch a Comet feen in Letter to the Embaffador, till he was
that Hemiſphere; their ſubmiſs Re- ſure the Diſpenſation was come; of
verence to their Princes being a vital which he could not be advertis’d in the
Part of their Religion.
Inſtant. But he lodged in the Embaſ-
There were very few Days paſs’d af- fador's Houſe, and falling ſick of a
terwards, in which there was not ſome Calenture , which the Phyſicians
Manifeſtation of the higheſt Diſplea- thought would prove Mortal, he ſent
fure and Hatred in the Duke againſt for the Earl to come to his Bedſide, and
the Earl of Briſtol. And when the deliver'd him the Letter before the Ar-
Conde Duke had ſome eclairciſment rival of the Diſpenſation, though long
with the Duke, in which he made all after it was known to be granted; upon
the Proteſtations of his ſincere Affection, which all thoſe Ceremonies were per-
and his Deſire to maintain a clear, and form’d to the Infanta,
faithful Friendſhip with him, which he By theſe Means, and by this Method,
conceiv'd might be, in ſome degree, this great Affair, upon which the Eyes
uſeful to both their Maſters ; the other of Chriſtendom had been ſo long fix’d;
receiv'd his Proteſtations with all Con came to be diſſolv'd, without the leaſt
tempt, and declar'd, with a very un Mixture with, or Contribution from
neceſſary Frankneſs, That he would have thoſe Amours, which were afterwards
no Friendſhip with him.
ſo confidently diſcours'd of.
The next Day after the King return'd The other Particular, by which he
from accompanying the Prince towards involv'd himſelf in ſo many fatal Intri-
the Sea, where, at parting, there were cacies, from which he could never ex-
all poſſible Demonſtrations of mutual tricate himſelf, was, his running vio-
Affection between them; the King lently into the War with France, with-
cauſed a fair Pillar to be erected in the
kind of Provocation, and upon
Place where they laſt embrac'd each 2. particular Paffion very unwarrantable.
other, with Inſcriptions of great Ho. In his Embaſſy in France, where his
nour to the Prince, there being then in Perſon and Preſence was wonderfully
that Court not the leaſt Suſpicion, or admired and eſteem'd, and in which he
Imagination, that the Marriage would appear’d with all the Luftre the Wealth
not ſucceed. Inſomuch that afterwards, of England could adorn himn with, and
upon the News from Rome that the Dif- outſhin'd all the Bravery that Coart
penſation was granted, the Prince hav- could dreſs it ſelf in, and overacted
ing left the Delponſorios in the Hands the whole Nation in their own moſt
of the Earl of Briſtol, in which the peculiar Varities: He had the Ambi-
Infante Don Carlos was conſtituted the tion to dedicate his moſt violent Af-
Prince's Proxy to Marry the Infanta on fection to a Lady of a very ſublime
liis behalf; She was treated as Princeſs Quality, and to purſue it with moſt
of Wales, the Queen gave her Place, importunate Addreſſes; Infomuch as
and the Engliſh Embaffador had fre- when the King had brought the Queen
quent Audierices, as with his Miſtreſs, in his Siſter as far as he meant to do, and
which he would not be covered: Yet, deliver'd her into the Hands of the Duke
I ſay, the very next Day after the to be by him conducted into England;
6
F
the
out any
22
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Duke in his Journey, after the de. during his Life, the Queen never had
parture from that Court, took a Re- any Credit with the King, with refe-
folution once more to make a Viſit to
rence to any publick Affairs, and ſo
that great Lady, which he believ'd he could not divert the Reſolution of mak-
might do with much Privacy. But it ing a War with France.
was ſo eaſily diſcover'd, that Proviſion The War with Spain had found the
was made for his Reception, and if he Nation in a Surfeit of a long Peace, and
had purſued his Attempt, he had been in a Diſpoſition inclinable enough to
without doubt affaſſinated; of which War with that Nation, which might
he had only ſo much Notice, as ferv'd · put an End to an Alliance the moſt un-
him to decline the Danger. But he grateful to them, and which they moſt
ſwore, in the Inſtant, That he would ſee, fear'd, and from whence no other Da-
and ſpeak with that Lady, in ſpite of the mage had yet befallen them, than a
Strength and Power of France. And Chargeable and Unſucceſsful Voyage by
from
the Time that the Queen arriv'd Sea, without the Loſs of Ships or Men.
in England, he took all the Ways he But a War with France muſt be carried
could to undervalue and exaſperate that on at another Rate, and Expence. Be-
Court and Nation, by cauſing all thoſe ſides, the Nation was weary and ſur-
who fled into England from the Juſtice feited with the Firſt, before the Second
and Diſpleaſure of that King, to be re was enter'd upon; and it was very viſi-
ceiv'd and entertained here with Bounty ble to wiſe Men, that when the general
and Magnificence; and the more ex. Trade of the Kingdom, from whence
traordinary the Perſons were, and the the Support of the Crown principally
more notorious their King's Diſpleaſure reſulted, ſhould be utterly extinguiſh'd
was towards them, the more reſpectfully with France, as it was with Spain, and
they were receiv'd and eſteem’d. He interrupted or obſtructed with all other
omitted no Opportunity to incenſe the Places, (as it muſt be, in a great mea-
King againſt France, and to diſpoſe ſure, in a War, how proſperouſly foe-
him to aſſiſt the Hugonots, whom he ver it might be carried on the Effects
likewiſe encourag'd to give their King would be very fad, and involve the
ſome Trouble.
King in many Perplexities; and it could
And which was Worſt than all this, not but fall out accordingly.
he took great Pains to leſſen the King's Upon the Return from Cales without
Affection towards his young Queen, be- Succeſs, though all the Ships, and all
ing exceedingly Jealous, left her In- the Men were ſeen ; and though by that
tereft might be of force enough to croſs Fleet's putting in at Plymouth, near two
his other Deſigns: And in this Strata- hundred Miles from London, there
gen), he ſo far ſwerv'd from the Inſtinct could be but very imperfect Relations,
of his Nature, and his proper Inclina- and the News of Yeſterday was contra-
tions, that he who was compounded of dicted by the Morrow; beſides that the
all the Elements of Affability, and Expedition had been undertaken by the
Courteſy towards all kind of People, Advice of the Parliament, and with an
had brought himſelf to a habit of Ne- univerſal Approbation of the People, ſo
glect, and even of Rudeneſs towards the fo that no body could reaſonably ſpeak
Queen.
loudly againſt it; yet, notwithſtanding
One Day, when he unjuſtly appre- all this, the ill Succeſs was heavily born,
hended that She had ſhew'd ſome diſre- and imputed to ill Conduct.
fpect to his Mother, in not going to her But the running into this War with
Lodging at an Hour ſhe had intended France (from whence the Queen was ſo
to go, and was hinder'd hy a meer Ac- newly receiv’d) without ſo much as the
cident ; he came into her Chamber in Formality of a Declaration from the King,
much Paſſion, and, after ſome Expoftu- containing the Ground, and Provoca-
lations rude enough, he told her, She tion, and End of it, according to Cuſtom
Mould repent it; her Majeſty anſwering and Obligation in the like Caſes (for it
with ſome Quickneſs, he reply'd info was obſerv'd that the Manifiſto which
lently to her, that there had been Queens was publiſh'd was in the Duke's own
in England, who had loſt their Heads. Name, who went Admiraland General of
And it was univerſally known, that, the Expedition) opened the Mouths of all
Men
1
11
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
23
;
Men to inveigh againſt it with all Bitter- theſe two Wars ſo wretchedly enter'd
neſs, and the ſudden ill Effects of it, into, and the Circumſtances before
manifeſted in the Return of the Fleet to mention'd, which flow'd from thence,
Portſmouth, within ſuch a Diſtance of the Duke's Ruin took its Date ; and
London, that nothing could be con never left purſuing him, till: that exe-
ceald of the Loſs ſuſtain’d; in which, crable Act upon his Perſon the Ma-
moſt noble Families found a Son, or a lice whereof was contracted by that ſole
Brother, or near Kinſman wanting, evil Spirit of the Time, without any
without ſuch Circumſtances of their Partner in the Conſpiracy. And the
Deaths, as are uſually the Conſolations, Venom of that Seaſon increas'd and
got
and Recompences of ſuch Cataſtrophes. Vigour ; untill, from one Licence to
The Retreat had been a Rout without another, it proceeded till the Nation
an Enemy, and the French had their was corrupted to that monſtrous Degree,
Revenge by the Diſorder, and Confu: that it grew fatiated, and weary of the
fion of the Engliſh themſelves ; in which, Government itſelf; under which it had
great Numbers of Noble and Ignoble enjoy'd a greater Meaſure of Felicity,
were crowded to Death, or drowned than any Nation was ever poffeſs’d of;
without the Help of an Enemy i and and which could never be continued to
ſome thouſands of the Common Men them, but under the ſame Government.
were wanting, fo few of thofe principal And as theſe Calamities originally
Officers, who attain’d to a Name in ſprung from the inordinate Appetite
War, and by whoſe Courage and Ex- and Paffion of this young Man, under
perience any War was to be conducted, the two much Eaſineſs of two indulgent
could be found.
Maſters, and the Concurrence of a thou-
The Effects of this Overthrow did fand other Accidents; ſo, if he had
not at firſt appear in Whiſpers, Mur- liv'd longer, the Obſervation and Ex-
murs, and Invectives, as the Retreat perience he had gain’d, which had ve-
from Cales had done ; but produc'd ry much improv'd his Underſtanding,
ſuch a general Confternation over the with the Greatneſs of his Spirit, and
Face of the whole Nation, as if all the Jealouſy of his Maſter's Honour (to
Armies of France and Spain were united whom his Fidelity was ſuperior to any."
together, and had cover'd the Land. Temptation) might have repair'd many
Mucinies in the Fleet and Army, under of the Inconveniences, which he had
Pretence of their Want of Pay, but in introduc'd, and would have prevented
truth, out of Deteſtation of the Service, the Miſchiefs which were the natural
and the Authority of the Duke. The Effects of thoſe Cauſes.
Countries throughout the Kingdom There were many Stories ſcatter'd a-
were ſo incenſed, that they refus d 'to broad at that Time of ſeveral Prophecies
ſuffer the Souldiers to be billetted upon and Predictions of the Duke's untimely
them; by which, they often underwent and violent Death. Amongſt the reſt
greater Inconveniences and Miſchiefs, there was one, which was upon a bet-
than they endeavour'd to prevent. The ter Foundation of Credit, than uſually
Endeavour to raiſe new Men for the ſuch Diſcourſes
Recruit of the Army by Preſſing, found There was an Officer in the King's
Oppoſition in many Places ; and the Wardrobe in Windſor Caſtle, of a good
Authority by which it was done not Reputation for Honeſty and Diſcretion,
fubinitted to, as being counted illegal. and then about the Age of fifty Years
This produc'd a Reſort to Martial Law, or more; this Man had in his Youth,
by which many were executed; which been bred in a School, in the Pariſh
rais’d an Aſperity in the Minds of more where Sir George Villiers the Father of
than of the Common People. And this the Duke liv'd, and had been much
Diſtemper was ſo univerſal, that the cheriſh'd and oblig'd, in that ſeaſon of
leaft Spark ſtill meeting with combuſti- his Age, by the faid Sir George, whom
ble Matter enough to make a Flame ; afterwards he never ſaw. About ſix
all wiſe Men, look'd upon it as the Pre- Months before the miſerable End of the
diction of the Deſtruction and Diffolu- Duke of Buckingham, about midnight,
tion, that would follow.
this Man, being in his Bed, at Windſor,
And it cannot be deny'd, that from where his Office was, and in very good
Health,
are
founded upon.
24
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Health, there appeard to him on the tenance, and bitterly reproaching hiin
Side of his Bed, a Man of a very vene for not performing what he had pro-
rable Aſpect, who drew the Curtains of mis’d to do. The poor Man had by
his Bed, and, fixing his Eyes upon this Time recover'd ihe Courage to tell
him, aſk'd him, if he knew him. The him, That in Truth he had deferr'd ibe
poor Man, half dead. with Fear, and execution of his Commends, ipon con-
Apprehenſion, being aſk'd the ſecond fidering, how difficult e Thing it would
Time, Whether he remember'd him? be for him to get any Acceſs to the Duke,
and having in that Time callid to his having Acquaintance with 10 Perſon
Memory the Preſence of Sir George about him ; and if 'be could cotein Ad-
Villiers, and the very Cloaths he uſed miſion to him, he should never be able to
to wear, in which at that Time he perſwade him, that he was ſent in ſuch
ſeem'd to be habited, he anſwer'd him, a Manner; but he ſhould at best be
That he thought him to be that Perſon. thought to be mad, or to be ſet on and
He replyed, He was in the Right; that employ'd, by his own or the Malice of
he was the ſame, and that he expeated a other Men, to abuſe the Duke ; and ſo
Service from him; which was, that be he ſhould be ſure to be undone. The Per-
ſhould go from him to his Son the Duke of ſon reply'd, as he had done before,
Buckingham, and tell him, if he did not That he Mould never find reſt, till he
ſomewhat to ingratiate himſelf to the People, mould perform what be required; and
or at leaſt, to abate the extreme Malice ihey therefore he were better to diſpatch it:
had againſt him, he would be ſuffer'd to That the Acceſs to his Son was known to
live but a ſhort Time. After this Dif- be very eaſy ; and that fece Men waited
courſe he diſappear’d, and the poor long for him; and for the gaining him
Man, if he had been at all waking, Credit, he would tell him two or three
Nept very well till Morning, when he Particulars ; which he charg'd him never
believ'd all this to be a Dream, and to mention to any perſon living, but to
conſider'd it no otherwiſe.
the Duke himſelf; and he should no ſooner
The next Night, or ſhortly after, the hear them, but he would believe all the
fame Perſon appear’d to him again reſt he ſhould ſey: and to repeating his
about the fame Time of the Night, Threats be left him.
with an Aſpect a little more ſevere than In the Morning, the poor Man,
before; and aſk'd him, Whether he more confirm’d by the laſt Appearance,
had done as he had requir’d him ? And made his Journey to London, where the
perceiving he had not, gave him very Court then was. He was very well
ſevere Reprehenſions; told him, He known to Sir Ralph Freeman, one of
expected more Compliance from him; and the Maſters of Requeſts, to whom he
that if he did not perform his Commands, went; and though he did not acquaint
he should enjoy no Peace of Mind, but him with all Particulars, he ſaid enough
jould be always purſued by him: upon
to him to let hini ſee there was ſomewhat
which he promis'd him to obey him. extraordinary in it; and the Knowledge
But the next Morning waking out of a he had of the Sobriety, and Diſcretion
good Sleep, though he was exceedingly of the Man, made the more Impreſſion
perplex'd with the lively Repreſentation in him. He deſir'd, that, By his
of all Particulars to his Memory, he means he might be brought to the D'€,
was willing ſtill to perſwade himſelf that to ſuch a Place es mould be thought fit:
he had only dream'd: and conſidered, affirming, That he had much to jy to
that he was a Perſon at ſuch a diſtance hiin, and of ſuch a Nature, as could re-
from the Duke, that he knew not how quire much Privacy, and ſome Tinie and
to find any admiſſion to his Preſence; Patience in the Hearing. Sir Rala pro-
much leſs had any hope to be believ'd in miſed, He would speak first tiitli ibe
what he ſhould ſay. So with great Duke of him, and then he ſhould 1:1..'7-
Trouble and Unquietneſs, he ſpent ſome ſtand bis Pleaſure ; and according, in
T'ime in thinking what he ſhould do; the firſt Opportunity, he did intorm
iind in the end reſolv’d to do nothing in him of the Reputation and Hoof
the Matter.
the Man, and then what he i till,
The ſame Perſon appear’d to him and of all he knew of the Maiter. ine
che third Time with a terrible Coun- Dike, according to his ului cnneis
and
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 25
and Condeſcenſion, told him; That be happen'd within few Months after) was
was the next' Day early to Hunt with the brought to his Mother, ſhe ſeem'd not
King; that his Horſes ſhould attend him in the leaſt degree ſurpriſed ;- but re-
et Lambeth Bridge, where he would land ceivid it as if ſhe had foreſeen it; nor
by five of the Clock in the Morning; and did afterwards expreſs ſuch a degree of
if the Man attended him there at that Sorrow, as was expected from ſuch a
Hour, he would walk, and ſpeak with Mother, for the Loſs of ſuch a Son.
bim, as long as ſhould be neceſary. Sir This Digreſſion may not be thought
Ralph carried the Man with him the altogether improper in this Diſcourſe,
next Morning, and preſented him to For as the mention of his Death was
the Duke at his landing, who received very pertinent, in the Place it happen'd
him courteouſly; and walk'd aſide in to be made ; ſo upon that Occaſion, it
Conference near an Hour, none but his ſeem'd the more reaſonable to digreſs
own Servants being at that Hour in that .upon the Nature and Character of the
Place ; and they and Sir Ralph, at ſuch Duke; as being the beſt Mirroúr to
a Diſtance, that they could not hear a diſcern the Temper and Spirit of thai
Word, though the Duke ſometimes Age; and the wonderful Concurrence
ſpoke, and with great Commotion ; of many fatal Accidents,' to disfigurę
which Sir Ralph the more eaſily ob- the. Government of two Excellent
ſerv'd, and perceiv’d, becauſe he kept Kings; under whom their, Kingdoms
his Eyes always fixed upon the Duke; in general proſper'd exceedingly, and
having procur'd the Conference, upon enjoy'd a longer Peace, a greater
ſomewhat he knew there was of extra- Plenty, and in fuller Security, than had
ordinary. And the Man, told him in been in any former Age. :
his return over the. Water, That when And becauſe there was ſo 'total a
he mention'd thoſë. Particulars, which Change of all Counſels, and in the
were to gain him Credit, the Subſtance whole Face of the Court upon the
whereof be ſaid he durft: not impart ta Death of that mighty Favourite ; all
hini, the Duke's Colour chang’d; and he Thoughts of War being preſently laid
Severe he could come. to that Knowledge aſide, and the Proviſions for Peace and
only by the Devil; for that those Par- Plenty taken to Heart; - it will not be
ticulars were known only to himſelf, and unuſeful to enlarge the Digreſſion, be-
to one Perſon more, who, he was ſure, fore a return to the proper Subject of
would never ſpeak of it.
the Diſcourſe, by a Proſpect of the
The Duke purſued his purpoſe of Conſtitution of the Court, after that
Hunting; but was obſerved to ride all bright Star was ſhot out of the Horizon :
the Morning with great Penſiveneſs, and Who were the chief Miniſtérs, that had
in deep Thoughts, without any delight the principal Management of publick
in the Exerciſe he was upon : and be- Affairs in Church and Statė; and how
fore the Morning was ſpent, left the equal their Faculties and Qualifications
Field, and alighted at his Mother's were for thoſe high Tranſactions.
Lodgings in White-Hall; with whom Sir Thomas Coventry was then Lord
he was ſhut up for the ſpace of two or Keeper of the Great Seal of England,
three Hours; the Noiſe of their Dif- and newly made a Baron. He was a
courſe frequently reaching the Ears of Son of the Robe; his Father having been
thoſe who attended in the next Rooms; a Judge in the Court of the Common
and when the Duke left her, his Coun- Pleas: who took great Çare to breed
tenance appear'd full of Trouble, with him, though his firſt-born, in the ſtudy
a Mixture of Anger ; a Countenance, of the Common Law; by which he
that was never before obſervd in him, himſelf had been promoted to that de-
in any Converſation with her, towards gree; and in which, in the Society of
whom he had a profound Reverence. the Inner-Temple, his Son_made. a
And the Counteſs herſelf was at the notable Progreſs, by an early Eminence
Duke's leaving her found overwhelm'd in Practice and Learning ; infomuch as
in Tears, and in the higheſt Agony he was Recorder of London, Sollicitor
imaginable. Whatever there was of all General, and King's Attorney, before
this, it is a notorious Truth, that when he was forty Years of Age. A rare
the News of the Duke's Murder (which aſcent! All which Offices he diſcharg’d
G
with
و
7
26
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
with great Abilities, and ſingular Re- great Men, and thoſe in Authority, the
putation of Integrity. In the firſt Year moſt certain Stairs to aſcend by.
after the Death of King James, he was He was then ſent Emballador to the
advanc'd to be Keeper of the Great Seal Arch-Dukes, Albert and Iſabella, into
of England, and enjoy'd this Place with Flanders ; and to the
Dier in Germany,
an univerſal Reputation for the Space to treat about the Reſtitution of the
of about ſixteen Years, even to his Palatinate; in which Negociation he
Death, fome Months before he was behav'd himſelf with great Prudence,
fixty Years of Age: which was another and with the concurrent Teſtimony of
important Circumſtance of his Felicity; his being a Wiſe Man, from all thoſe
that great Office being ſo flippery, thať Princes and Embaſſadors with whom he
no Man had died in it before, for near treated.
the Space of forty Years. Nor had his Upon his return he was made a Privy
Succeſſors, for ſome Time after him, Councellor, and Chancellor of the Ex-
much better Fortune.
chequer, in the Place of the Lord
Sir Richard Weſton had been advanc'd Brooke; He behaved himſelf very well
to the White-Staff, into the Office of in this Function, and appear’d Equal to
Lord High Treaſurer of England, ſome it; and carried himſelf ſo luckily in
Months before the Death of the Duke Parliament, that he did his Maſter much
of Buckingham; and had, in that ſhort Service, and preſerved himſelf in the
Time fo much diſappointed his Expecta- good Opinion, and Acceptation of the
tion, that many who were privy to the Houſe ; which is a Blefling not indulg'd
Duke's moſt fecret Purpoſes, did be to many by thoſe High Powers.
lieve, that if he had out-liv'd that He was made Lord Treaſurer upon
Voyage in which he was engaged, he the removal of the Earl of Marl.
would have remov'd him, and made borough, and few Months before the
another Treaſurer. There were at that Death of the. Duke. The former Cire.
Time five noble Perſons alive, who had cumſtance, which is often attended by
all ſucceeded one another iinmediately Compaſſion towards the Degraded,
in that unſteady Charge, without any and Prejudice towards the Promoted,
other Perſon intervenings the Earl of brought him no diſadvantage: For be-
Suffolk ; the Lord Viſcount Mandeville, fides the delight that Seaſon had in
afterwards Earl of Mancheſter; the Changes, there was little Reverence to-
Earl of Middleſex ; and the Earl of wards the Perſon remov'd; and the ex-
Marlborough.
treme viſible Poverty of the Exchequer,
He was a Gentleman of a very ancient ſhelterd that Province from the Envý
Extraction by Father and Mother. His it had frequently created ; and open'da
Education had been very good amongſt Door for much Applauſe to be the Por-
Books and. Men. After ſome Years tion of a wife and provident Miniſter.
ſtudy of the Law, in the Middle Tem He did indeed appear on the ſudden
ple, he travell’d“ into Foreign Parts, wonderfully Elated, and ſo far threw og
and at an Age fit to make Obfervations his old affectation to pleaſe ſome very
and Reflections ; out of which, that, much, and to diſpleaſe none, in which
which is commonly called Experience, Art he had excelld ; that in few
is conſtituted. After this he berook Months after the Duke's Death, he
himſelf to the Court, and liv'd there ſome found himſelf to ſucceed him in the Pub-
Years, at that diſtance as was agreeable lick Diſpleaſure, and in the Malice of
to the Modeſty of the Age, 'when Men his Enemies, without fucceeding him in
were ſeen fome Time before they were his Credit at Court, or in the Affection
known; and well known before they of any conſiderable Dependants.
were preferr’d, or durft pretend to Bne I know not by what Frowardneſs
it.
in his Stars he took more Pains in exa-
He ſpent the beſt part of his Fortune mining into other Mens Offices, than
.in his Attendance at Court; and in- in the Diſcharge of his own; and not ſo
volv'd his Friends in Securities with much Joy in what he had, as Trouble
The
him, who were willing to run his hope and Agony for what he had not.
ful Fortune, before he receiv'd the leaſt truth is, he had ſo vehenient a Deſire
Fruit from it, but the Countenance of to be the ſole Favourite, that he had no
Reliſh
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
27
Reliſh of the Power he had ; and in that. him a Baron, then Earl of Portland,
Contention he had many Rivals, who and Knight of the Garter ; and above
had Credit enough to do him ill Offices, this, gave a young beautiful Lady near-
though not enough to ſatisfy their own ly allied to his Majeſty, and to the
Ambition ; the King himſelf being re Crown of Scotland, in Marriage to his
foly'd to hold the Reins in his own eldeſt Son) could not make him think
Hands, and to put no further Truſt in himſelf Great enough. Nor could all
others, than was neceſſary for the Ca- the King's Bounties, nor his own large ,
pacity they ſerv'd in. His Wife, and Acceſſions, raiſe a Fortune to his Heir. ;
all his Daughters were declard of but after fix or eight Years ſpent in out-
the Roman Religion : And though he ward Opulency, and inward Murmur
himſelf and his Sons fometimes. went to and Trouble that it was not greater ; af-
Church, he was never thought to have ter vaft Sums of Money and great
Zeal for it ; and his Domeſtick Conver- Wealth gotten, and rather conſum’d.
ſation and Dependants, with whom only than enjoy!d; without any Senſe or De.
he uſed entire Freedom, were all known light in ſo great Proſperity, with the
Papiſts; and were believ'd to be Agents Agony that it was no greater ; he died
for the reſt. And yet with all this Dif- unlamented by any ; bitterly mentiond
advantage to himſelf, he never had Re- by moſt who never pretended to love
putation and Credit with that Party ; him ; and ſeverely cenſur’d, and com-
who were the only People of the King plain’d of by thoſe who expected moſt
dom who did not believe him to be of, from him, and deſerv'd beſt of him
their Profeſſion. For the Penal Laws and left a numerous Family, which was
(thoſe only excepted which were San- in a ſhort Time worn out, and yet out-
ġuinary, and even thoſe ſometimes let liv'd the Fortune he left behind him.
Jooſe) were never more rigidly executed, The next great Counſellor of State
nor had the Crown ever fo great a Re- was the Lord Privy-Seal, the Earl of
venue from them, as in his Time; nor Mancheſter, who was likewiſe of a no
did they ever pay fo dear for the Fa- ble Extraction, and of a Family at that
vours and Indulgencies of his Office time very fortunate. His Grandfather
towards them.
had been •Lord Chief Juſtice, and left
No Man had greater Ambition to by King Harry the Eighth one of the
make his Family great, or ſtronger De- Executors of his laſt Will. He was
ſigns to leave a great Fortune to it. the younger Son of his Father, and
Yet his Expences were ſo prodigious, brought up in the Study of the Law in
eſpecially in his Houſe, that all the the Middle Temple ; and had made a
Ways he uſed for Supply, which were Progreſs through all the eminent De.
all that occurr'd; could not ferve his grees of the Law, and in the State:
turn ; inſomuch that he contracted fó At the Death of Queen Elizabeth, or
great Debts that the King was pleas'd thereabouts, he was Recorder of Lon-
twice to pay his Debts ; ațleaſt towards don; then the King's Serjeant at Law;
it, to diſburſe forty thouſand Pounds in afterwards Chief Juſtice of the King's
ready Money out of his Exchequer. Bench. Before the Death of King
Beſides, his Majeſty gave him a whole James, by the Favour of the Duke of
Foreſt (Chute-Foreſt in Hampſhire) and Bučkingham, he was rais'd to the Place
much other Land belonging to the of Lord High Treaſurer of England,
Crown; which was the more taken no- and within leſs than a Year afterwards,
tice of, and murmur'd againſt, becauſe, by the withdrawing of that Favour, he
being the chief Miniſter of the Reve was reduc'd to the almoſt empty Title
nue, he was particularly oblig'd, as of Preſident of the Council ; and, to
much as in him lay, to prevent, and allay the Senſe of the Diſhonour, crea-
even oppoſe ſuch Diſinberiſon; and be- ted Viſcount Mandevile. He bore the
cauſe, under that Obligation, he had Diminution very well, as he was a wife
avowedly croſs'd the Pretences of other Man, and of an excellent Temper; and
Men, and reſtrain'd the King's Bounty quickly recover'd ſo much Grace, that
from being exercis'd almoſt to any. he was made. Earl of Mancheſter, and
To conclude, all the Honours the Lord Privy-Seal, and enjoy'd that Of-
King conferr'd upon him (as he made fice to his Death; whilſt he ſaw many
Removes
28
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Removes, and Degradations, all in the like the great Leviathan he might ſport
other Offices of which he had been himſelf; from which he withdrew, as
poſſeſs’d.
ſoon as he diſcern'd the Repoſe there-,
The Earl of Arundel was the next Ofa of was like to be diſturbed, and died
ficer of State, who in his own Right and in Italy, under the fame doubtful
Quality preceded the reſt of the Coun- Character of Religion in which he
cil. He was generally thought to be a liv'd.
proud Man, who liv'd always within William Earl of Pembroke was next,
himſelf, and to himſelf, converſing a Man of another Mould, and of ano-
little with any who were in common ther Fame and Reputation with all
Converſation; ſo that he ſeem'd to live Men, being the moſt univerſally be-
as it were in another Nation ; his Houſe lov'd and eſteem'd of any Man of that
being a Place to which all People re- Age; and, having a great Office in the
ſorted who reſorted to no other Place; Court, he made the Court it ſelf better
Strangers, or ſuch who affected to look eſteem’d, and more reverenc'd in the
like Strangers, and dreſs’d themſelves Country. And as he had a great Num-
accordingly. He reſorted ſometimes to ber of Friends of the beſt Men, ſo no
the Court, becauſe there only was a Man had ever the Confidence to avow
greater Man than himſelf; and went himſelf to be his Enemy.
thither the ſeldomer, becauſe there was King James promoted him to the Of-
a greater Man than himſelf. He liy'd fice of Lord Chamberlain of his. Hours
towards all Favourites, and great Offi- hold ; and the Court appear'd with the
cers, without any Kind of Condeſcen more Luſtre, becauſe he had the Go-
tion, and rather ſuffer'd himſelf to be vernment of that Province. He was a
ill treated by their Power and Authority great Lover of his Country, and of the
(for he was often in Diſgrace, and once Religion, and Juſtice, which he b-
or twice Priſoner in the Tower) than liev'd could only ſupport it ; and his
to deſcend in making any Application Friendſhips were only with Men of
to them.
thoſe Principles. · And as his Conver-
And upon theſe Occaſions he ſpent a fation was moſt with Men of the moſt
great interval of his Time in ſeveral pregnant Parts, and Underſtanding, fó
Journeys into foreign Parts, and, with towards any ſuch who needed Support,
his Wife and Family, had liv'd ſome or Encouragement, though unkņówni,
Years'in Italy; the Humour and Man- if fairly recommended to him, he was
ners of which Nation he feem'd moſt very liberal. Sure never Man was
to approve, and affected to imitate. planted in a Court, that was fitter for
He had 'in his Perſon, in his Aſpect, that Soil, or 'brought better Qualities
and Countenance, the Appearance of a with him to purify that Air.
great Man, which he preſerv’d in his Yet his Memory muſt not be flattera,
Gate and Morion. He wore, and af- that his 'Virtues and good Inclinations
fected a Habit
very
different from that may be believ'd; he was not without
of the Time, ſuch as Men had only be ſome allay of Vice, and without being
held in the Pictures of the moſt confi- clouded with great Infirmities, which
derable Men; all which drew the Eyes“ he had in too exorbitant a Proportion
of moſt, and the Reverence of many He indulg'd to himſelf the Pleaſures of
towards him, as the Image, and Repre- all kinds, almoſt in all Exceſſes. To
ſentative of the Native Gravity of the Women he was immoderately given up.
Nobles, when they had been moſt Ve. But therein he likewiſe "retain’d ſuch a
nerable : Buy this was only his Out- Power.over his very Appetite, that he
lide ; his Nature and true Honour being was not ſo much tranſported with Beau-
niuch diſpps'di to Levity and Delights, ty, as with thoſe' Advantages of the
which indeed were very defpicable and Mind, as manifeſted an extraordinary
childiſh. He was rather thought not Wit and Knowledge, and adminiſtred
to be much. concern'd for Religion, great Pleaſure in the Converſation. To
than to encline to this, or that Party of theſe he facrificed himſelf, his precious
any: and had little other Affection for Time, and much of his Fortune. And
the Nation or the Kingdom, than as fome, "who were neareſt his Truſt and.
he had a great Share in it, in which Friendſhip, were not without Appre---
henſion,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 29
henſion, that his natural Vivacity, and open for his Entrance, which the King
Vigour of Mind begun to leſſen, receiv'd as fo great an Obligation, that
and decline by thoſe exceſſive Indul- he always after lov'd him in the ſecond
gences.
Place, and commended him to his Son
About the Time of the Death of at his Death, as a Man to be rely'd on
King James, or preſently after, he was in point of Honeſty and Fidelity;
made Lord Steward of his Majefty's though it appear'd afterwards, that he
Houſe ; that the Staff of Chamberlain was not ſtrongly built, nor had ſuf-
might be put into the Hands of his ficient Ballaſt to endure a Storm; of which
Brother, the Earl of Montgomery, up more will be ſaid hereafter.
on a new Contract of Friendſhip with The other, the Earl of Dorſet, was,
the Duke of Buckingham ; after whoſe to all Intents, Principles, and Pur-
Death, he had likewiſe ſuch Ofices of poſes, another Man; his Perſon beauti-
his, as he moſt affected, of Honour ful, and graceful, and vigorous; his
and Command ; none of Profit, which Wit pleaſant, ſparkling, and ſublime;
he cared not for : and within two Years and his .other Parts of Learning, and
after, he died himſelf of.an Apoplexy, Language, of that Luſtre, that he could
after a full and chearful Supper. not miſcarry in the World. The Vices
The Earl of Montgomery, who was he had, were of the Age, which he
then Chamberlain of the Houſhold, was nor ſtubborn enough to contemn,
and afterwards Earl of Pembroke, and or reſiſt. He was a younger Brother,
the Earl of Dorſet were likewiſe of the Grandchild to the great Treaſurer Buck-
Privy Council ; Men of very different hurſt, created at the King's firſt En-
Talents, and Qualifications. The for- trance, Earl of Dorſet, who outliv'd his
mer being a young Man, ſcarce of Age Father, and took care and delight in
at the Entrance of King James, had the the Education of his Grand-Child, and
gcod Fortune by the Comelineſs of his left him a good Support for a younger
Perſon, his Skill, and indefatigable Indu. Brother ; beſides a Wife, who was Heir
ftry in Hunting, to be the firſt who drew to a fair Fortune. As his Perſon and
the King's Eyes towards him with Af- Parts were ſuch as are before mention'd,
fection; which was quickly fo far im- ſo he gave them full ſcope, without re-
prov'd, that he had the Reputation of a ſtraint; and indulgd to his Appetite all
Favourite. Before the end of the firſt, the Pleaſures, that ſeaſon of his Life
er ſecond Year, he was made Gentle- could tempt, or ſuggeſt to him.
man of the King's Bed-Chamber, and He entred into a fatal Quarrel, upon
Earl of Montgomery; which did the a Subject very unwarrantable, with a
King no harm : For beſides that he re young Nobleman of Scotland, the Lord
ceived the King's Bounty with more Bruce ; upon which they both tranſ-
Moderation than other Men who ſuc- ported themſelves into Flanders, and at-
ceeded him ; He was generally known, tended only by two Surgeons placed at
and as generally eſteem'd ; being the a Diſtance, and under an Obligation
Son of one Earl of Pembroke, and not to ſtir, but upon the fall of one of
younger Brother to another, who libe- them, they fought under the Walls of
rally fupplied his Expence, beyond Antwerp, where the Lord Bruce fell
what his Annuity from his Father would dead upon the Place; and Sir Edward
bear.
Sackvile (for ſo he was then calld) be-
He pretended to no other Qualifica- ing likewiſe hurt, retir'd into the next
tions, than to understand Horſes and Monaſtery, which was at Hand. Nor
Dogs very well, and to be believed ho- did this miſerable Accident, which he
neft and generous, which made him always exceedingly lamented, make
many Friends, and left him then no that thorough Impreſſion upon him,
Enemy. He had not fate many Years but that he indulg'd ſtill too much to
in that Sun-fhine, when a new Comet thoſe importunate and inſatiate Appe-
appear'd in Court, Robert Cerr, a Scots- tites, even of that individual Perſon,
Man, quickly after declared Favourite; that had ſo lately embark'd him in that
upon whom the King no rooner fixed deſperate Enterprize ; being too much
his Eyes, but the Earl, without the leaſt Tinder not to be inham'd with thoſe
Murmur, or Indiſpoſition, left all Doors Sparks.
8
H
bis
30
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
a
His Elder Brother did not enjoy his tion, than any other of that Country;
Grandfather's Title many Years, before by chooſing their Friendſhips and Con-
they deſcended, for want of Heirs verſation, and 'really preferring it to any
Male, to the Younger Brother. But in of his own.
theſe few Years the Elder, by an exceſs He was ſurely a Man of the greateſt
of Expence in all the Ways to which Expence in his own Perſon, of any in
Money can be apply'd, ſo entirely con the Age he liv'd; and introduced more
ſum'd almoſt the whole great Fortune of that Expence in the Exceſs of Cloaths
that deſcended to him, that, when he and Diet, than any other Man; and
was forc'd to leave the Title to his was indeed the Original of all thoſe In-
younger Brother, he left upon the Mat- ventions, from which others did but
ter nothing to him to ſupport it; which tranſcribe Copies. He had a great uni-
expos’d him to many Difficulties and verſal Underſtanding, and could have
Inconveniences. Yet his known great taken as much Delight in any cther
Parts, and the very good general Repu- Way, if he had thought any other as
tation he had acquir’d, notwithſtanding pleaſant and worth his Care. But he
his Defects, inclin'd King James to call found Buſineſs was attended with more
him to his Privy-Council before his Rivals and Vexations; and, he thought,
Death. And if he had not too much with much leſs Pleaſure, and not more
cheriſh'd his natural Conſtitution, and Innocence.
Propenſity; and been too much griev'd, He left behind him the Reputation of
and wrung by an uneaſy and ſtreight a very fine Gentleman, and a mot ac-
Fortune ; he would have been an ex- compliſh'd Courtier ; and when he had
cellent Man of Buſineſs, for he had a in his Proſpect the gathering together
ſharp, diſcerning Spirit, and was of that Cloud in Scotland, which ſhortly
Man of an obliging Nature, much after cover'd both Kingdoms, he died
Honour, and great Generoſity, and with as much Tranquillity of Mind to
of moſt entire Fidelity to the Crown. all Appearance, as uſed to attend a Män
There were two other Perſons of of more ſevere Exerciſe of Virtue; and
much Authority in the Council, becauſe with as little Apprehenſion of Death,
of great Name in the Court; as they which he expected many Days.
deſerv'd to be, being without doubt two
The Earl of Holland was a younger
as accompliſh'd Courtiers, as were found Son of a noble Houſe, and a very fruit-
in the Palaces of all the Princes in ful Bed, which divided a numerous If-
Europe ; and the greateſt Improvers of fue between two great Fathers : The
that Breeding, and thoſe Qualifications, Eldeſt, many Sons and Daughters to
with which Courts uſed to be adorn'd; the Lord Rich; the Younger, of both
the Earl of Carliſle, and the Earl of Sexes, to Montjoy Earl of Devonſhire.
Holland : both by their long Experience The Reputation of his Family gave him
in Court well acquainted with the Af no great Advantage in the World,
fairs of the Kingdom, and better vers'd though his eldeſt Brother was Earl of
in thoſe Abroad, than any other who Warwick, and Owner of a great For-
fat then at that Board.
tune ; and his younger Earl of New.
The former, a younger Brother of a port, of a very plentiful Revenue like-
noble Family in Scotland, came into the wiſe. He, after ſome Time ſpent in
Kingdom with King James, as a Gen- France, betook himſelf to the War in
tleman; under no other Character, Holland, which he intended to have
than a Perſon well qualified by his breed- made his Profeſſion; where, after he
ing in France, and by ſtudy in human had made two or three Campaigns, ac-
Learning; in which he bore a good cording to the Cuſtom of the Engliſh Vo-
Part in the Entertainment of the King, luntiers, he came in the leiſure of the
who much delighted in that Exerciſe : Winter to viſit his Friends in England,
and by theſe Means, and notable Grace- and the Court that ſhin'd then in the
fulneſs in Behaviour, and Affability, in Plenty and Bounty of King James; and
which he excell'd, he had wrought about the Time of the Infancy of the
himſelf into a particular Intereſt with Duke of Buckingham's Favours, to whom
his Maſter, and into greater Affection he grew in a ſhort Time very accepta-
and Eſteem with the whole Engliſh Na- ble. But his Friendſhip was more en-
tire
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 31
tire to the Earl of Cerlifle, who was of the Queen's good Opinion and Fa-
more of his Nature and Humour, and vour (which the Duke neither had, nor
had a Generoſity more applicable at cared for) he made all poſſible Ap-
that Time to his Fortune and his Ends. proaches towards the obtaining his
And it was thought by many who ſtood Truſt, and ſucceeded him in his Power;
within View, that for ſome Years he or rather that the Queen might have
ſupported himſelf upon the Familiarity ſolely that Power, and he only be ſub-
and Friendſhip of the other ; which ſervient to her; and upon this Account,
continued mutually between them very he made a continual War upon the Earl
many Years, with little Interruption to of Portland the Treaſurer, and all others
their Death.
who were not gracious to the Queen, or
He was a very handſome Man, of a deſir'd not the Increaſe of her Authority.
lovely and winning Preſence, and gen- And in this State, and under this Pró-
tile Converſation ; by which he got ſo tection, he receiv'd every Day new Ob-
eaſy an Admiſſion into the Court, and ligations from the King, and great
Grace of King James, that he gave o- Bounțies, and continued to flouriſh a-
ver the Thought of further intending bove any Man in the Court, whilſt the
the Life of a Soldier. He took all the Weather was fair : but the Storın did
Ways he could to endear himſelf to the no ſooner arife, but he chang'd ſo much,
Duke, and to his Confidence; and wiſe- and declined ſo faſt from the Honour
ly declin’d the receiving any Grace or he was thought to be Maſter of, that
Favour, but as his Donation ; above all, he fell into that Condition, which there
avoided the ſuſpicion that the King had will be hereafter too much Cauſe to
any Kindneſs for him, upon any Ac- mention and enlarge upon.
count but of the Duke, whoſe Creature The two Secretaries of State were
he deſir’d to be eſteem'd, though the Sir John Coke, and Sir Dudley Carleton,
Earl of Carliſle's Friend. And he proſ- who from his Employment in Holland,
per'd ſo well in that Pretence, that the was put into the Place of the Lord
King ſcarce made more Haſte to ad- Conway, who, for Age and Incapacity,
vance the Duke,. than the Duke did to was at laſt remov'd from the Secretary's
promote the other.
Office, which he had excerciſed many
He firſt preferr'd him to a Wife, the Years with very notable Ínſufficiency.
Daughter and Heir of Cope, by whom Of theſe two Secretaries, the former
he had a good Fortune ; and amongſt was a Man of very narrow Education,
other Things, the Manour and Seat of and a narrower Nature ; having continu-
Kenſington, of which he was ſhortly af- ed long in the Univerſity of Cambridge,
ter måde Baron. And he had quickly where he had gotten Latin-learning
ſo entire a Confidence in him, that the enough; and afterwards in the Country
Duke prevaild with the King to put in the Condition of a private Gentle-
him about his Son the Prince of Wales, man, till after he was fifty Years of
and to be a Gentleman of his Bed-Cham- Age; when, upon ſome Reputation he
ber, before the Duke himſelf had Rea- had for Induſtry and Diligence, he was
ſon to promiſe himſelf any Proportion of callid to ſome painful Employnent in
his Highneſs's Grace and Protection, the Office of the Navy, which he dif-
He was then made Earl of Holland, charg'd well; and afterwards to be
Captain of the Guard, Knight of the Secretary of State, which he enjoy'd to
Garter, and of the Privy-Council ; ſent a great Age: and was a Man rather un-
the firſt Ambaſſador into France to treat adorn'd with any Parts of Vigour and
the Marriage with the Queen, or rather Quietneſs, and unendow'd with any
privately to treat about the Marriage notable Virtues, than notorious for any
before he was Ambaſlador. And when weakneſs or defect of Underſtanding,
the Duke went to the Iſle of Ree, he or tranſported with any vicious Inclina-
truſted the Earl of Holland with the tions, appetite to Money only excepted.
Command of that Army with which he His Cardinal Perfection was Induſtry,
was to be recruited and affifted.
and his moſt eminent Infirmity Cove-
In this Confidence, and in this Po- touſneſs. His long Experience had in-
fture he was left by the Duke when he form’d him well of the State and Affairs
was kill'd; and having the Advantage of England; but of Foreign Tranfac-
tions
32
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
tions very well
tions, or the common Intereſt of Chri- himſelf with conferring a ſingle Obli-
ſtian Princes, he was entirely undiſcern. gation.
ing and ignorant.
The Duke had obſery'd that the
Sir Dudley Carleton was of a quite con Channel in which the Church Promo-
trary Nature, and underſtood all that tions had formerly run, had been liable
related to Foreign Employments, and to ſome Corruptions, at leaſt to many
the Condition of other Princes and Na- Reproaches ; and therefore had com-
with the Government, Laws, and Affairs, and the recommending to the
Cuſtoms of his own Country, and the Vacancies which ſhould happen, to Dr.
Nature of the People. He was a younger Laud, then Biſhop of Bath and Wells,
Son in a good Gentleman's Family, and and ſworn of the Privy-Council. And
bred in Chriſt-Church, in the Univer- the King, after the Duke's Death, con-
ſity of Oxford, where he was a Student tinued that Truſt in the ſame Hands,
of the Foundation, and a young Man of infinitely to the Benefit and Honour of
Parts, and towardly Expectation. He the Church, though, it may be, no leſs
went from thence early into France, and to the Prejudice of the Biſhop; who,
was ſoon after Secretary to Sir Harry too ſecure in a good Conſcience, and
Nevil, the Ambaſſador there. He had moſt ſincere worthy Intention, thought
been ſent Ambaſſador to Venice, where he could manage and diſcharge the
he refided many Years with good Repu Place and Office of the Greateit Mini-
tation ; and was no ſooner return'd ſter in the Court (for he was quickly
from thence into England, that he went made Arch-Biſhop of Canterbury) with
Ambaſſador into Holland to the States out the leaſt Condeſcenſion to the Arts
General, and reſided there when that and Stratagems of the Court, and with-
Synod was aſſembled at Dort, which out any other Friendſhip, or Support,
hath given the World ſo much Oc- than what the Splendor of a Pious Life,
caſion ſince for uncharitable Diſputa- and his unpoliſh'd Integrity would re-
tions, which they were call’d together concile to him ; which was an unſkil-
to prevent.
ful Meaſure in a Licentious Age, and
He was once more Ambaſſador ex may deceive a good Man in the beſt of
traordinary in Holland after the Death Times that ſhall ſucceed ; which expo-
of King James, and was the laſt who fed him to ſuch a Torrent of Adverſity
was admitted to be preſent, and to Vote and Miſery, as we ſhall have too natural
in the General Aſſembly of the States, an Occaſion to lament in the following
under that Character ; of which great Diſcourſe.
Privilege the Crown had been poſſeſs'd There were more (too many more)
from a great Part of the Reign of Queen Honourable Perſons in that Time of
Elizabeth, and through the Time of the Privy-Council, whoſe Faculties were
King James to that Moment; which not notorious enough to give them any
adminiſter'd freſh Matter of Murmur great Part in the Affairs, nor had their
for the giving up the Towns of the Brill Advice much Influence upon them. .
and Fluſing, which had been done ſome Other very notable Men were ſhortly
Years before by King James ; without after added to the Council, who will
which Men thought thoſe States would hereafter be remember'd, in their pro-
not have had the Courage ſo ſoon to per Places and Seaſons. What hath
have degraded the Crown of England been ſaid before contains Information
from a Place in their Councils, which enough of the Perſons in Employment,
had proſper'd ſo eminently under the and the State of the Court and King-
Shadow of that Power and Support. dom, when the Duke of Buckingham
As ſoon as he return'd from Holland, was taken from it; by which, and the
he was call’d to the Privy-Council. lively Reflections upon the Qualifica-
The making him Secretary of State, and tions of the ſeveral Perſons in Authority
a Peer of the Realm, when his Eftare in Court, and Council, no Man could
was ſcarce viſible, was the laft Piece of expect that the vigorous Deſigns under-
Workmanſhip the Duke of Buckingham taken by the Duke, would be purſued
liv'd to finiſh, who feldom ſatisfy'd with equal Reſolution and Courage ;
b:
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
33
but that much the greater Part of them fore, at the breaking up of the laſt Par:
would be wholly intent upon their own liament, and which was commonly ung
Accommodations in their Fortunes (in derſtood To inbibit all Min to speak of
which they abounded not) or in their another Parliament, produced two very
Eaſe and Pleaſure, which they moſt ill Effects of different Natures. It af-
paſſionately affected; having, as hath ficted many Good Men to that degree,
been faid, no other confideration of the that it made them capable of receiving
Publick, than that no diſturbance there- ſome Impreſſions from thole who were
in might interrupt their Quiet in their diligent in whiſpering and infuſing: an
own Days:. And that the reſt, who had Opinion into Men, That there was
larger Hearts, and more publick Spirits, really an Intention to alter the Farın; of
would extend their Labour, Activity, Government both in Church, and States
and Advice, only to ſecure the Empire of which, ſaid they, @greator : Inſtance
at Home by all peaceable Arts, and cannot be given, than this:publick declar-
advancement of Trade, which might ing (as it was interpreted) that we ſhall.
gratify the People, and fill the empty have no more Parliaments
. , Then, this
Coffers of the impoveriſh'd Crown freedom from the Danger of ſuch an
To ivhich end the moſt proper Expe- Inquiſition did not only encourage ill
dients were beſt underſtood by them, Men to all Boldneſs and Licence, but
not to enlarge it, by continuing and wrought ſo far upon Men leſs inclined
propagating the War, the Ways, and to ill (though not built for Examples)
Means whereof they knew not how to that they kept:not thoſe ſtrict Guards.
comprehend; and had all the deſperate upon themſelves they uſed to do; eſpe:
Imaginations, and Jealouſies of the End cially if they found themſelves above
and neceffary Conſequences of it. And the reach of ordinary Juſtice, and fear'd
ſo they all concurrd (though in no not extraordinary; they by degrees.
thing elſe) in their unanimous Advice thought that no Fault, which was like
to the King, to put the quickeſt Period to find no Puniſhment. Supplemental:
be could poſſibly, to the expenſive War a- Acts of State were made to ſupply De-
gainſt the two Growns: and, his Ma- fects of Laws, and fo Tonnage, and
jeſty following their Advice, a Peace Poundage, and other Duties upon Mer.
was made with both upon better Terms chandizes, were collected by Order of
and Conditions, and in leſs Time, than the Board, which had been poſitively
from the known Impatience of the refuſed to be ſettled by Act of Parlia-
War could reaſonably have been ex- ment, and new, and greater Impoſi-
pected, or hoped for. And after ſome tions laid upon Trade: Obſolete Laws
Unquietneſs of the People, and un were reviv'd, and rigorouſly executed,
happy Aſſaults upon the Prerogative wherein the Subject might be taught,
by the Parliament, which produced its how unthrifty'a Thing it was, by too
Diffolution, and thereupon ſome fro- ftrict a detaining of what was his, to put
ward and obſtinate diſturbances in the King as ſtrictly to enquire what was
Trade, there quickly followed ſo excel- his own.
lent a Compoſure throughout the By this ill Huſbandry the King re-
whole Kingdom, that the like Peace ceiv'd a vaſt ſum of Money from all:
and Plenty, and univerſal Tranquility Perſons of Quality, or indeed of any
for ten Years was never enjoyed by any reaſonable Condition throughout the
Nation ; and was the more viſible and Kingdom, upon the Law of Knight-
manifeſt in England, by the ſharp and hood; which, though it had a Founda-
bloody War fuddainly enter'd into be- tion in Right, yet in the Circumſtances
tween the two Neighbouring Crowns, of Proceeding, was very greivous. And
and the univerſal Conflagration that no leſs unjuſt Projects of all Kinds,
from the Invaſion of the Swedes, many ridiculous, many ſcandalous, all
cover'd the whole Empire of Germany. very grievous, were, ſet on Foot; thes
And ſo we ſhall return to the Diſcourſe, Envy and Reproach of which came to
to which this very long Digreſſion hath the King, the Profit to other Men: in-
given a greater Interruption than was fomuch that
, of two hundred thouſand
intended.
Pound drawn from the Subject, byli
:
That Proclamation, mentioned be- thefe Ways in a Year, ſcarce fifteen?
9"
I
hundred
+
34
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
upon Perſons of Quality and Honour,
hundred came to the King's uſe. To re to a vaſt extent, bölding (as Thucydides
coinpenſe the Damage the Crown ſaid of the Athenians) for Honourable,
ſuſtain'd by the Sale of the old Lands, that which Pleaſed, and for Fuft, that
and by the Grant of new Penſions, the which Profited; and being the ſame Per-
old Laws of the Forreſt were reviv'd, fons in ſeveral Rooms, grew both Courts
by which not only great Fines were im- of Law to determine Right, and Courts
pos’d, büt great Annual Rents intend- of Revenue to bring Money into the
ed, and like to be ſettled by way of Treaſury ;' the Council-Table by Pro-
Contract, which Burthen lighted moſt clariations enjoyning to the People what
who thought themſelves above ordinary hibiting that which was not prohibited;
Oppreſſions, and were therefore like to and the Star-Chamber cenſuring the
remember it with more Sharpneſs. Breach and Diſobedience to thoſe Pro-
Laſtly, for a Spring and Magazine that clamations by very great Fines, and
ſhould have no bottom, and for an Impriſonment.
everlafting Supply of all 'Occcafions, a And here I cannot but again take the
Writ was fram'd in a Form of Law, Liberty to ſay, that the Circumſtances
and directed to the Sheriff of every and Proceedings in thoſe new extra-
County of England, To provide a ship ordinary Caſes, Stratagems, and Impo-
of War for the King's Service, and to fitions, were very Unpolitick, and even
ſend it amply provided and fitted, by ſuch Deſtructive to the Services intended.
a Day; to ſuch a Place; and with that And if the Buſineſs of Ship-money,
Writ were ſent to each Sheriff In- being an Impoſition by the State, un-
ſtructions, that, Inſtead of a Ship, be der the Notion of Neceſſity, upon a
Scould levy upon his County ſuch a Sum of Proſpect of Danger, which private Per-
Money, and return the same to the fons could not modeſtly think them-
Treaſurer of the Navy for his Majėſty's ſelves qualify'd to diſcern; had been
uſe'; with Direction, in what Manner be manag'd in the ſame extraordinary Way
jould proceed' againſt ſuch as refuſed; as the Royal Loan (which was the im-
and from hence that Tax had the De- poſing the five Subſidies after the ſecond
nomination of Ship-money; a Word of a Parliament ſpoken of before) was; Men
laſting Sound in the Memory of this would much eaſier have ſubmitted to it;
Kingdom; by which for ſome Years as it is notoriouſly known, 'that Preſſure
really accru'd the yearly Sum of two was born with much more Cheerfulneſs
hundred thouſand Pounds to the King's before the Judgment for the King, than
Coffers; and it iwas in Truth the only ever it was after; Men before pleaſing
Project that was” accounted to his own themſelves with doing ſomewhat for
Service. And, after the continued Re- the King's Service, as a Teſtimony of
cipt of it.for about four Years together, their Affection, which they were not
was at laſt (upon the refuſal of a pri- bound to do; many really believing
vate Gentleman to pay twenty or thirty the Neceſſity, and therefore thinking
Shillings as his Share) with great Solen- the Burthen reaſonable; others obſerv-
nity publickly: argued before all the ing, that the Advantage to the King
Judges of England in the Exchequer was of Importance, when the Damage to
Chamber, and by much the major Part them was not conſiderable; and all aſſur-
of them, the King's Right to impoſe ing themſelves, that when they ſhould
afferred, and the Tax adjudg’d-Lawful; be weary, or unwillling to continue the
which Judgment prov'd of more Ad- Payment, they might reſort to the Law
vantage and Credit to the Gentleman for relief, and find it.
condemnd (Mr. Hambden) than to the But when they heard this demanded
King's Service.
in a Court of Law, as a Right, and
I For the' better Support of theſe ex found it; by ſworn Judges of the Law,
tradrdinary Ways, and to protect the adjudged ſo, upon ſuch Grounds and
Agents and Inſtruments who muſt be Reaſons as every Stander-by was able to
enmployed in then, and to diſcounte- ſwear was not Law, and ſo had loſt the
nånce and ſuppreſs all bold Enquiries, Pleaſure and Delight of being kind,
and Oppoſers, the Council-Table, and and dutiful to the Řing; and inftead of
Sno-Chamber enlārge their Juriſdiétions Giving, were requir'd to Pay, and by a
bэт'
Logick
it
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
35
more
}
Logick that left no Man any Thing was more ſecure than England; that he
which he might call his own, they no might take a nearer View of thoſe great
look'd
upon it as the Caſe of one Bleſſings which God had pour'd upon
Man, but the Caſe of the Kingdom; him, he reſolv'd to make a Progreſs
nor as an Impoſition laid upon them by into the northern Parts of his Kingdon,
the King, but by the Judges; which and to be ſolemnly crown'd in his King-
they thought themſelves bound in Con- dom of Scotland, ' which he had never
ſcience to the Publick Juſtice not to ſub- ſeen from the Time he had firſt left it,
mit to.
when he was about two Years old. In
And here the Damage and Miſchief order to this Journey, which was made
cannot be expreſs’d, that the Crown with great Splendor, and proportionable
and State ſuſtain'd by the deſervd Re- Expence, he added to the Train of his
proach and Infamy that attended the Court many of the greateſt Nobility;
Judges, by being made uſe of in this, who increas’d the Pomp of the Court
and like Acts of Power; there being at their own Charge (for ſo they were
no poſibility to preſerve the Dignity, requir*d to do) and leem'd with Ala-
Reverence, and Eſtimation of the Laws crity to ſubmit to the King's Pleaſure,
themſelves, but by the Integrity and as ſoon as they knew his Deſire; and ſo
Innocency of the Judges. And no his Attendance in all reſpects was pro-
Queſtion, as the Exorbitancy of the portionable to the Glory of the greateſt
Houſe of Commons, in the next Par- King.
liament, proceeded principally from This whole Progreſs was made from
their contempt of the Laws, and that the firſt ſetting out, to the end of it,
Contempt from the ſcandal of that with the greateſt Magnificence imagi-
Judgment: ſo the Concurrence of the nable ; and the higheſt exceſs of Feaſt-
Houſe of Peers in that Fury, can be ing was then induced, or, at leaſt
imputed to no one Thing more, than to Feaſting was then carried to a Height
the irreverence and ſcorn the Judges it never had attain'd before, from,
were juftly in; who had been always whence it hardly declined afterwards,
before look”d upon there as the Oracles to the great Damage and Miſchief of
of the Law, and the beſt Guides to af- the Nation in their Eſtates and Man-
fift that Houſe in their Opinions and ners. All Perſons of Quality and Con-
Actions: And the Lords now thought dition, who liv'd within diſtance of the
themſelves excus’d for fwerving from northern Road, received the great Per-
the Rules and Cuſtoms of their Pre- fons of the Nobility with that Hoſpi-
deceſſors, in not aſking Queſtions of tality which became them; in which
thoſe whom they knew no Body would all Coſt was employed to make their
believe ; thinking it a juſt Reproach Entertainments ſplendid, and their
upon them that they themſelves ſhould Horſes capable of thoſe Entertain-
make uſe of the Licence which the O ments. The King himſelf met with
thers had taught them, and determine many Entertainments of that Nature,
that to be Law, which they thought at the Charge of particular Men, who
to be reaſonable, or found to be con deſired the Honour of his Preſence,
venient. If theſe Men had preſervd which had been rarely practiſed till then
the Simplicity of their Anceſtors, in by the Perſons of the beſt Condition,
leverely and ſtrictly defending the Laws, though it hath ſince grown into a very
other Men had obſerv'd the Modeſty inconvenient Cuſtom. But when he
of theirs, in humbly and dutifully obey- paſs’d through Nottingham-hire, both
ing them.
King and Court were receiv'd, and en-
When the King found himſelf pof- tertained by the Earl of Newcaſtle,
ſeſs’d of that Tranquility, that he had and at his own proper Expence, in
no Reaſon to apprehend any Enemies ſuch a wonderful Manner, and in ſuch
from Abroad, and leſs, any Inſur an exceſs of Feaſting, as had farcce
rections at Home, againſt which no ever before been known in England;
Kingdom in Chriſtendom, in the Con- and would be ſtill thought very pro-
ſtitution of its Government, in the digious, if the , fane noble. Perſon had
Solidity of the Laws, and in the Na- not, within a Year' or two afterwards,
ture and Diſpoſition of the People,
made
36
· The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
made the King and Queen a more dence of publick Joy that couid be ex
ſtupendious Entertainment.
pected; and the Parliament, then held,
The great Offices of the Court, and with no leſs demonſtration of Duty,
principal Places of Attendance upon paſs’d and preſented thoſe Acts which
the King's Perſon, were then upon the were prepard for them to the Royal
matter equally divided between the Scepter ; in which were ſome Laws re-
Engliſh and Scots; the Marquis of Ha- ſtraining the extravagant Power of the
milion Maſter of the Horſe, and the Nobility, which, in many caſes, they
Earl of Carliſle firſt. Gentleman of the had long exercis'd, and the Diminution
Bed-Chamber, and almoſt all the fe- .whereof they took 'very heavily, though
cond Rank of Servants in that Place, at that Time they took little Norice of
being of that Kingdom ; ſo that there it; the King being abſolutely advis'd in
was as it were an Emulation between the all the Affairs of that Kingdom then,
two Nations, which ſhould appear in and long before and afcer, by the fole
the greateſt Luſtre, in Clothes, Horſes, Counſel of the Marquis of Hamilton,
and Attendants: and as there were who was, or at leaſt was then believ'd
many of the principal Nobility of Eng- to be of the greateſt Intereſt of any Sub-
land, who attended upon the King, and ject in that Kingdom, of whom inore
who were not of the Court; ſo the will be ſaid hereafter.
Court was never without many Scotiſh The King was very well pleas'd with
Voluntiers, and their Number was well his Reception; nor indeed was there
increas'd upon this Occaſion in Nobility any Thing to be blam’d, but the
and Gentry, who were reſolved to con- Luxury and vaſt Expence, which a-
fute all thoſe who had believed their bounded in all reſpects of Feaſting,
Country to be very poor.
and Cloaths with too much Licence ;
The King no ſooner enter'd Scotland, which being imputed to the commend-
but all his Engliſh Servants and Officers able Zeal of the People, of all Condi:
yielded up their Attendance to thoſe of :tions, to ſee their King amongſt them,
the Scotiſh Nation, who were admitted whom they were like never to ſee there
into the ſame Offices in Scotland, or again, and ſo their Expence was to be
had ſome Titles to thoſe Employments but once made, no Man had cauſe to
by the Conſtitution of that Kingdom; ſuſpect any miſchief from it, and yet
as moſt of the great Offices are held by the Debts contracted at that Time by
Inheritance; as the Duke of Richmond the Nobility, and Gentry, and the
and Lenox was then High Steward, and Wants and Temptations they found
High Admiral of Scotland by Deſcent, themſelves expos’d to, from that un-
. as others had the like Poffefſion of o- limited Expence, did very much con-
ther Places; ſo that all the Tables of tribute to the kindling that Fire, which
the Houſe, which had been kept by ſhortly after broke out in ſo terrible a
the Engliſh Officers, were laid down, Combuſtion: nor were the ſparks of
and taken up again by the Scots, who Murmur and Sedition then ſo well
kept them up with the ſame Order, and cover’d, but that many diſcerning Men
equal Splendor, and created the Engliſh diſcover'd very pernicious Deſigns to
with all the Freedom and Courteſy ima- lurk in their Breaſts, who ſeem'd to
ginable; as all the Nobility_of that have the moſt chearful Countenances,
Nation did, at their own Expence, and who acted great Parts in the Pomp
where their Offices did not intitle them and Triumph. And it evidently ap-
to Tables at the Charge of the Crown, pear'd, that they of that Nation, who
keep very. noble Houſes to entertain Thin'd moſt in the Court of England,
their new Gueſts; who had ſo often, had the leaſt Influence in their own
and ſo well entertained them: and it Country, except only the Marquis of
cannot be denied, the Behaviour of that Hamilion, whoſe Affection to his Ma-
Nation towards the Engliſh was as gene- ſter was even then ſuſpected by the
rous and obliging as could be expect- wiſeſt Men in both Kingdoms; and
ed; and the King appear'd with no leſs that the immenſe Bounties the King,
Luſtre at Edinburgh, than at White and his Father had ſcattered anongit
Hell; and in this Pomp his Coronation thoſe of that Nation, out of the Wealth
paſsid wich all the Solemnity, and Evi- of Exgland, beſides that he had facri-
ficed
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 37
.
ficed the whole Revenue of that King- inſtituted the neareſt to the Practice of
dom to themſelves, were not looked the Apoſtles, and the beſt for the Pro-
upon as any Benefit to that Nation, pagation and Advancement of Chri-
but as Obligations caſt away upon par. îtian Religion, of any Church in the
ticular Men; many of whom had with World ; and on the other Side, though
it waſted their own Patrimony in their no Man was more averſe from the Ro-
Country.
miſh Church thin he was, he had the
The King himſelf obſerv'd many of higheſt diſike and prejudice to that
the Nobility to endeavour to make part of his own Subjects, who were a-
themſelves Popular by ſpeaking in Par- gainſt the Government eſtabliſh'd, and
liament againſt thole Things which did always look upon them as a very
were moſt grateful to his Majeſty, and dangerous and ſeditious People ; who
which ſtill påfs'd notwithſtanding their would under pretence of Conſcience,
Contradiction ; and he thought a little which kept them from ſubmitting to
Diſcountenance upon thoſe Perſons "the Spiritual Juriſdiction, take the firſt
-would either ſuppreſs that Spirit within Opportunity, they could find, or make,
themſelves, or make the Poyſon' of it to withdraw themſelves from their
leſs operative upon others. But as thoſe 'Temporal Subjection; and therefore he
Acts of Diſcountenance were too often had, with the utmoft Vigilance, cauſed
believ'd to proceed from the Diſpleaſure that Temper and Diſpoſition to be
of the Marquis of Hamilton, and by watch'd and provided againſt in Eng-
that Means rather advanc'd, than dif- land; and if it were then in truth there,
pers’d them, ſo they had an admirable it lurk'd with wonderful Secrecy.
dexterity in ſheltring themſelves from In Scotland indeed it cover'd the
any of thoſe Acts of Diſcountenance, whole Nation, ſo that, though there
which they had no mind to own; were Biſhops in Name, the whole Juriſ-
when it hath been viſible, and was then diction, and they themſelves.were, up-
notorious, that many of the Perſons on the Matter, ſubject to an Afiembly,
then, as the Earl of Rothes, and others, which was purely Preſbyterian; The
of whom the King had the worſt Opi- Clergy, for the moſt Part corrupted in
nion, and from whoin he purpoſely their Principles i a. leaft, none coun-
with-held any Grace by never ſpeaking tenanced by the great Men, or fayour’d
to them, or taking notice of them in by the People, but "ſüch; though it
the Court; yet when the King was muſt be own'd their Univerſities, eſpe-
abroad in the Fields, or paſſing through cially Aberdeen, flouriſhed under many
Villages, when the greateſt crouds of excellent. Scholars, and very learned
People Hock’d to ſee him, thoſe Men Men. Yet, though all the Cathedral
would ſtill be next him, and entertain Churches. were totally neglected with
him with ſome Diſcourſe, and pleaſant reference to thoſe Adminiſtrations, over
Relations, which the King's gentle Dif- the whole Kingdom, the King's own
poſition could not avoid, and which Chapel at Holy-rood-Houſe had ſtill been
made thoſe Perſons to be generally be- maintain’d with the Comelineſs of the
liev'd to be moſt acceptable to his Ma- Cathedral Service, and all other Decencies
jeſty ; upon which the Lord Félkland uſed in the Royal Chapel; and the whole
was wont to ſay, that keeping of State Nation ſeem'd, in the Time of King
was like committing. Adultery, there must James, well inclin’d to receive the
go Two to it; for let the proudeſt or Liturgy of the Church of England,
moſt formal Man reſolve to keep what which that King exceedingly deſir'd, and
diſtance he will towards others, a bold 'was ſo confident of, that they who were
and confident Man inſtantly demoliſhes Privy to his Councils, in that Time,
that wholė Machine, and gets within did believe, the bringing that Work
him, and even obliges him to his own to paſs was the principal End of his
Laws of Converſation.
Progreſs thither fome Years before his
The King was always the moſt pun- Death; though he was not ſo well
ctual obſerver of all Decency in his De- fatisfy'd at his being there, two or three
votion, and the ſtricteſt promoter of of the principal Perſons truſted by him
the Ceremonies of the Church, as. be- in the Government of that Kingdo
lieving the Church of England to be dying in, or about that very Time; but
K
though
II
38
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
though he returned without making any Seditious Miniſters of Confuſion, that
viſible Attempt. in that Affair, yet he could be found in the Kingdom; of
retain'd ſtill the Purpoſe and Reſolution which King James had ſo ſad experience,
to his Death to bring it to paſs. after he came to Age, as well as in his
The King his Son. propos'd nothing Minority, that he would often fay,
more to himſelf, than to Unite his That bis acceſs to the Crown of England
three Kingdoms in one Form of God's was the more valuable to him, as it re-
Worſhip, and publick Devotions; and deem'd him from the Subjection to the ill
there being now ſo great a Serenity in all Manners and inſolent Practices of thoſe
his Dominions, there is great Reaſon to Preachers, which be could never ſhake off
believe, that in this Journey into Scot- before. The King before his return
land to be crown'd, he carried with from thence, with the full Conſent and
him the Reſolution to finiſh that im- Approbation of the Arch-biſhop of St.
portant Buſineſs in the Church, at the Andrews, erected Edinburgh into a Bi-
ſame Time. To that end, the then Bi- ſhoprick; aſſign’d it a good and con-
ſhop of London, Dr. Laud, attended on venient Juriſdiction out of the neareſt
his Majeſty throughout that whole limits of the Didceſs of St. Andrews,
Journey, which, as he was Dean of the appointed the faireſt Church in the
Chapel, he was not obliged to do, and Town to be the Cathedral, ſettled a
no doubt would have been excus'd competent Revenue upon the Biſhop
from, if that deſign had not been in out of Lands purchaſed by his Majeſty
view; to accompliſh which he was no himſelf from the Duke of Lenox, who
leſs ſollicitous than the King himſelf, fold it much the cheaper, that it might
nor the King the leſs ſollicitous for his be conſecrated to ſo pious an End; and
Advice. He preach'd in the Royal plac'd a very eminent Scholar of a good
Chapel at Edinburgh (which ſcarce any Family in the Kingdom, who had been
Engliſh-man had ever done before in educated in the Univerſity of Cambridge,
the King's Preſence) and principally to be the firſt Biſhop in that his new
upon the benefit of Conformity, and City; and made another Perſon of
the reverend Ceremonies of the Church, good Fame and Learning, the firſt
with all the marks of Approbation and Dean of his new Cathedral, upon whom
Applauſe imaginable: the great Civility likewiſe he ſettled a proper Main-
of that People being ſo univerſal, that tenance; hoping by this Means the
they would not appear unconformable better to prepare the People of the
to his Majeſty's wiſh in any Particular. Place, who were the moſt numerous,
And many Wiſe Men were then of and richeſt of the Kingdom, to have
Opinion, that, if the King had then a due reverence to Order, and Govern
propos’d the Liturgy of the Church of ment, and at leaſt, to diſcountenance,
England to have been receivid and if not ſuppreſs the Factious Spirit of
practis d by that Nation, it would have Preſbytery, which had ſo long ruled
been ſubmitted to without Oppoſition; there. But this Application little con-
but, upon mature Conſideration, the tributed thereunto : the People gene-
King concluded that it was not a good rally thought, that they had too many
Seaſon to promote that Buſineſs. Biſhops before, and ſo the increaſing
During the King's ſtay in Scotland, the Number was not like to be very
when he found the Conjuncture not yet grateful
to them.
ripe for perfecting that good Order, The Biſhops had indeed very little
which he intended in the Church, he re- Intereſt in the Affections of that Na-
folv'd to leave a Monument behind him tion, and leſs Authority over it; they
of his own Affection and Eſteem of it. had not Power to regulate their own
Edinburgh though the Metropolis of the Cathedrals, and very rarely ſhew'd
Kingdom, was but a Borough Town themſelves in the Habit and Robes of
within the Dioceſs of the Arch-Biſhop Biſhops; and durft not conteſt with the
of St. Andrews, and govern’d in all General Aſſembly in matters of Juriſ-
Church Affairs by the Preachers of the diction: ſo that there was little more
Town; who, being choſen by the than the Name of Epiſcopacy preſerv’d
Citizens from the Time of Mr. Knox, in that Church. To redeem them from
had been the moſt Turbulent, and that Contempt, and to ſhew that they
ſhould
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
39
;
ſhould be conſiderable in the State ; for the preſent there appear'd no ſign
how little Authority ſoever they were of Diſcontent, or ill Will to them;
permitted to have in the Church, the and the King left Scotland, as he be-
King made the Arch-biſhop of St. An- liev’d, full of Affection and Duty to
érews, a Learned, Wiſe, and Pious him, and well inclin'd to receive a
Man, and of long Experience, Chan- Liturgy, when he ſhould think it ſea-
cellor of the Kingdom (the greateſt ſonable to commend it to them.
Ofice, and which had never been in It was about the end of Auguſt in the
the Hands of a Church-Man ſince the Year 1633, when the King return'd
Reformation of Religion, and Suppref- from Scotland to Greenwich; where the
ſing the Pope’s Authority) and four or Queen kept her Court; and the firſt
five other Biſhops of the Privy-Coun-. Accident of Moment, that happen'd
cil, or Lords of the Seffion; which after his coming thither, was the Death
his Majeſty preſum’d, by their Power of Abbot Arch-Biſhop of Canterbury ;
in the Civil Government, and in the to which place the King appointed Dr.
Judicatories of the Kingdom, would Laud the then Biſhop of London ; and Dr.
render them ſo much the more re- Juxon was made Biſhop of London in
verenced, and the better enable them the Room of Dr. Laud.
to ſettle the Affairs of the Church There were three Perſons (Pryn, Bur-
which fell out otherwiſe too; and it ton and Baſtwick) moſt notorious for
had been better that invidious Promo- their declar'd Malice againſt the Go-
tion had been ſuſpended, till by their vernment of the Church by Biſhops,
grave and pious Deportment they had in their ſeveral Books and Writings,
wrought upon their Clergy to be better which they had publiſh'd to corrupt
diſpos'd to obey them, and upon the the People, with Circumſtances very
People to like "Order and Diſcipline; Scandalous, and in Language very
and till by theſe Means the Liturgy had Scurriijus and Impudent; which all
been ſettled, and receiv'd amongſt Men thought deſervd very exemplary
them; and then the advancing ſome puniſhment: They were of the three
of them to greater Honour, might have ſeveral Profeſſions which had the moſt
done well.
influence upon the People, a Divine, a
But this unſeaſonable Accumulation. Common Lawyer, and a Doctor of
of ſo many Honours upon them, to Phyſick ; none of them of Intereſt, or
which their Functions did not intitle · any Eſteem with the worthy Part of
them (no Biſhop having been ſo much their Profeſſions, having been formerly
as a Privy-Counſellor in very many all looked upon under Characters of
Years) expos'd them to the univerſal Reproach ; yet when they were all ſen-
Envy of the whole Nobility, many tenced, and for the Execution of that
whereof wiſh'd them well, as to their Sentence brought out to be puniſh'd as
Eccleſiaſtical Qualifications, but could common and ſignal Rogues, expos'd
not endure to ſee them poffefs'd of thoſe upon Scaffolds to have their Ears cut off,
Offices and Employments, which they and their faces and their Foreheads
look’d upon as naturally belonging to branded with hot Irons (as the pooreſt,
themſelves; and then the Number of and moſt mechanick Malefactors uſed
them was thought too great, ſo that to be, when they were not able to re-
they over-ballanc'd many Debates ; and deem themſelves by any Fine for their
ſome of them by want of. Temper, or Treſpaſſes, or to ſatisfy any damages
want of Breeding, did not behave them- for the Scandals they had rais'd againſt
felves with that decency in their De- the good Name, and Reputation of
bates, towards the greateſt Men of the others) Men begun no more to conſider
Kingdom, as in Diſcretion they ought their Manners, but the Men; and each
to have done, and as the others rea- Profeſſion, with Anger and Indignation
ſonably expected from them ; ſo that enough, thought their Education, and
inſtead of bringing any Advantage to Degrees, and Quality, would have
the Church, or facilitating the good ſecur'd them from ſuch Infamous Judg-
Intentions of the King in ſettling Or- ments, and treaſur'd up Wrath for the
der and Government, it produc'd a Time to come.
more general Prejudice to it; though The Remiſsneſs of Archbiſhop Abbot,
and
40
'.
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
and of other Bishops by his Example, much done, brought the Power an.)
had introduced, or at leaſt conniv'd at Juriſdiction that impos’d the doing of
a Negligence, that gave great ſcandal it, to be call'd in Queſtion, contradict-
to the Church, and no doubt offended ed, and oppos’d. Then the Manner,
very many pious Men.
The People and Geſture, and Poſture, in the Cele-
took ſo little care of the Churches, and bration of it, brought in new Diſputes,
the Parſons as little of the Chancels, and adminiſter'd new ſubjects of Of-
that, inſtead of beautifying, or adorn- fence, according to the Cuſtom of the
ng them in any Degree, they rarely Place, and Humour of the People: and
provided againſt the falling of many. thoſe Diſputes brought in new Words
of their Churches; and ſuffer'd them and Terms (Altar, Adoration, and
at leaſt to be kept ſo indecently, and Genuflexion, and other Expreíſicns)
novenly, that they would not have en for the more perſpicuous carrying on
dur'd it in tlre ordinary Offices of their thoſe Diſputations. New Books were
own Houſes; the Rain and the Wind written for and againſt this new Practice,
to infeſt them; and the Sacraments with the ſame Earneſtneſs and Conten-
themſelves to be adminiſter'd where the tion for Victory, as if the Life of
People had moſt mind to receive them. Chriſtianity had been at ſtake. Beſides,
This profane Liberty and Uncleanlineſs, there was not an equal Concurrence, in
Arch-Biſhop Laud reſolvd to reform the Proſecution of this Matter, amongſt
with all Expedition, requiring the o the Biſhops. themſelves; ſome of them
ther Biſhops to concur with him in ſo proceeding more remiſsly in it, and
pious a Work; and the work ſure was ſome not only neglecting to direct any
very grateful to all Men of. Devotion: Thing to be done towards it, but re-
yet, I know not how, the Proſecution ſtraining thoſe who had a Mind to it,
of it with too much affectation of Ex- from meddling in it. And this again
pence, it may be, or with too much produced as inconvenient Diſputes,
Þaſion between the Miniſters and the when the Subordinate Clergy would
Pariſhioners, rais'd an evil Spirit to take upon them, not only without the.
wards the Church, which the Enemies · Direction of their Dioceſans, but ex-
of it took much Advantage of, as ſoon preſsly againſt their Injunctions, to
as they had an Opportunity to make the make thoſe Alterations and Reforma.
worſt uſe of it.
tions themſelves, and by their own Au-
The removing the Communion Ta- thority.
ble out of the Body of the Church, The Arch-Biſhop guided purely by
where it had us'd to ſtand, and to be his Zeal and Reverence for the Place
applied to all uſes, and fixing it to one of God's Service, and by the Canons
Place in the upper End of the Chancel, and Injunctions of the Church, with
which frequently made the buying a the Cuſtom obſerv'd in the King's
new Table to be neceſſary'; the in- Chapel and in noſt Cathedral
cloſing it with a Rail of Joyners Work, Churches, without conſidering the long
and thereby fencing it from the approach Intermiſſion, and Diſcontinuance, in
of Dogs, and all Servile uſes; the many other Places, proſecuted this Af-
obliging all Perſons to come up to thoſe fair. more paſſionately than was fit for
Rails to receive the Sacrament, how ac the Seaſon; and had Prejudice againſt
ceptable ſoever to grave and intelligent thoſe, who cut of fear or overſight, or
Perſons, who lov'd Order and Decency, not underſtanding the Thing, had not
yet introduc'd firſt Murmurings amongſt the ſame Warmth to promote it.
The
the People, upon the very Charge and Biſhops who had been preferr'd by his
Expence of it; and if the Miniſter Favour, or hoped to be ſo, were at leaſt
were not a Man of Diſcretion and Re as Sollicitous to bring it to paſs in their
putation to compoſe and reconcile thoſe ſeveral Dioceſſes; and ſome of them
Indiſpoſitions (as too frequently he was with more Paſion, and leſs Circum-
not, and rather infam'd, and increas'd ſpection, than they had his Example
the Diſtemper) it begot Suits, and Ap- for, or than he approv'd ; proſecuting
peals at Law. The Opinion that there thoſe who oppos’d them, very fiercely,
was no Neceſſity of doing any Thing, and ſometimes unwarrantabls, which
and the Complaint that there was too was kept in Remembrance. Whiltz
other
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 41
other Biſhops, not fo many in Number, taken Notice of, with
taken Notice of; with great Infolence
or fo valuable in Weight, who had not and Aſperity to undertake the Defence
been beholding to him, nor had Hope of all Things which the People general-
of being ſo, were enough contented to ly were diſpleas'd with, and who did not
give perfunctory Orders for the doing affcct to be much cared for, by thoſe
of it, and to ſee the Execution of thoſe of their own Order. So that from this
Orders not minded ; and not the leſs unhappy Subject; not in it ſelf of that
pleas’d to find, that the Prejudice of important Value to be either enter'd
that whole Tranſaction reflected fole- upon with that Reſolution, or to be
ly upon the Arch-Biſhop.
carried on with that Paſſion, proceeded
The Biſhop of Lincoln (Williams) upon the Matter a Schifin amongſt the
who had heretofore been Lord Keeper Biſhops themſelves; and a great deal of
of the Great Seal of England, and ge- Uncharitableneſs
Uncharitableneſs in the Learned, and
nerally unacceptable whilft he held that moderate Clergy, towards one another;
Office, was, ſince his Diſgrace at Court, which, though it could not increaſe the
and Proſecution from thence, become Malice, added very much to the Abi-
very popular ; and having ſeveral lity and Power of the Enemies of the
Faults objected to him, the Puniſhment Church to do it Hurt, and alſo to the
whereof chreaten'd him every Day, he Number of them. For without doubt,
was very willing to change the Scene, many who lov'd the eſtabliſh'd Gó
and to be brought upon the Stage for vernment of the Church, and the Ex-
oppoſing theſe Innovations (as he call'd erciſe of Religion as it was us'd, and
them) in Religion. It was an unlucky deſir'd nor a Change in either, nor did
Word, and cozen'd very many honeſt diſlike the Order and Decency, which
Men into Apprehenſions very prejudi- they ſaw mended; yet they lik’d not
cial to the King, and to the Church. any. Novelties, and ſo were liable to
He publiſh'd a Diſcourſe and Treatiſe entertain Jealouſies that more was in-
againſt the Matter and Manner of the tended than was hitherto propos'd; e-
Proſecution of that Buſineſs s a Book ſo ſpecially when thoſe Infuſions proceed-
full of good Learning, and that Learn- ed from Men unſuſpected to have any
ing ſo cloſe and ſolidly applied, that it Inclinations to change; and known Al-
gain'd him Reputation enough to be fertors of the Government both in
able to do Hurt; and ſhew'd that, in Church and State. They did obſerve
his Retirement, he had ſpent his Time the inferior Clergy took more upon
with his Books very profitably. He them than they were wont, and did not
us'd all the Wit and all the Malice he live towards their Neighbours of Quali-
could, to awaken the People to a Jea- ty, or 'their Patrons themſelves, with
louſy of theſe Agitations, and Innova- that Civility and Condeſcention, they
tions in the Exerciſe of Religion; not had uſed to do
had uſed to do ; which diſpos'd them
without Inſinuations that it aim'd likewiſe to a withdrawing their good
at greater Alterations, for which he countenance, and good Neighbour-
knew the People would quickly find a
hood from them.
Name ; and was ainbitious to have it The Arch Biſhop had not been long
believ’d, that the Arch-biſhop was his in that Poſt, when there was another
greateſt Enemy, for his having con great Alteration in the Court by the
Itantly oppos’d his riſing to any Go. Death of the Earl of Portland; High
vernment in the Church, as a Man, Treaſurer of England; a Man ſo.jealous
whoſe hot and haſty Spirit he had long of the Arch-Biſhop's Credit with the
known.
King, that he always endeavourd to
Though there were other Books writ- leſſen it by all the Arts and Ways he
ten with good Learning, and which could ; which he was ſo far from effect-
fufficiently
anſwer'd the Biſhop's Book, ing, that, as it uſually falls out, when
and, to Men of equal and diſpaſſionate Paſſion and Malice make Accuſation,
Inclinations, fully vindicated the Pro- by ſuggeſting many Particulars whick
ceedings which had been, and were the King knew to be untrue; or be-
ſtill very fervently carried on ; yet it liev'd to be no Faults, he rather con-
was done by Men whoſe Names were firm’d his Majeſty's Judgment of him,
not much reverenced, and who were and prejudiced his own Reputation,
L
His
I 2
42
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
His Death cauſed no Grief in the Arch- of them being his Friends; and the
Biſhop; who was upon it, made one of latter ſtill enjoying his Place, and hav-
the Commiſſioners of the Treaſury and ing his former Acceſs, and ſo continu-
Revenue, which he had reaſon to be ſor- ing a joynt Commiſſioner of the Trea-
ry for, becauſe it engag‘d him in Civil fury with him, and underſtanding that
Buſineſs, and Matters of State, wherein Province much better, ſtill oppos’d,
he had little Experience, and which he and commonly carried every Thing a-
had hitherto avoided. But being 0- gainſt him ; ſo that he was weary of
blig'd to it now by his Truſt, he en the Toil and Vexation of that Buſineſs.
ter'd upon it with his natural Earneſt The Treaſurer's is the greateſt O.Fice
neſs and Warmth, making it his prin- of Benefit in the Kingdom, and the
cipal Care to advance, and improve Chief in Precedence next the Arch-
the King's Revenue, by all the Ways Biſhop's and the Great Seal; ſo that the
which were offer'd, and ſo hearken’d to Eyes of all Men were at gaze
who
all Informations and Propoſitions of that ſhould have this great Office; and the
kind; and having not had Experience greateſt of the Nobility who were in
of that Tribe of People, he was ſome- the chiefeſt Employments, look'd upon
times miſed by them, to think better it as the Prize of one of them ; ſuch
of ſome Projects than they deſervd: Offices commonly making Way for
But then he was ſo entirely devoted to more Removes and Preferments; when
what would be beneficial to the King, on a ſudden the Staff was put into the
that all Propoſitions and Deſigns, which Hands of Dr. Juxon, Biſhop of London,
were for the Profit of particular Perſons, a Man ſo unknown, that his Nanie was
how Great foever, were oppos’d and ſcarce heard of in the Kingdom, who
croſsd, and very often totally fup- had been within two Years before, but
preſs’d, and ſtifled in their Birth, by a private Chaplain to the King, and the
his Power and Authority, which crea-
Preſident of a poor College in Oxford.
.ted him Enemies enough in the Court, This inflam'd more Men than were an-
and many of Ability to do Miſchief, gry before, and no doubt did not only
who knew well how to recompenſe Tharpen the edge of Envy and Malice
Diſcourteſies, which they always called againſt the Arch-Biſhop, but moſt un-
Injuries.
juſty indiſpos'd many towards the
The Revenue of too many of the Church itfelf; which they look'd upon
Court conſiſted principally in Enclo as the Gulph ready to ſwallow all the
ſures, and Improvements of that Na- great Offices, there being others in
ture, which he ſtill oppos'd paſſionate- View, of that Robe, who were ambi-
ly, except they were founded upon tious enough to expect the reſt.
Law; and then, if it would bring Pro In the mean Time the Arch-Biſhop
fit to the King, how old foever the himſelf was infinitely pleas’d with what
Law was, he thought he might juſtly was done, and unhappily believ'd he
adviſe the Proſecution. And to he did had provided a ſtronger Support for the
a little too much countenance the Com- Church ; and never abated any thing
miſſion concerning Depopulation, which of his Severity and Rigour towards Men
brought much Charge and Trouble up- of all Conditions ; or in the Sharpneſs
on the People, and was likewiſe caſt of his Language and Expreſſions, which
upon his Account
was ſo natural to him, that he could
He had obſerv'd, and knew it muſt not debate any Thing without ſoine
be ſo, that the Principal Officers of the Commotion, when the Argument was
Revenue, who govern'd the Affairs of not of moment; nor bare Contradic-
Money, had always acceſs to the King, tion in Debate, even in the Council,
and ſpent more Time with him in pri- where all Men are equally free, with
vate than any of his Servants, or Coun- that Patience and Temper that was ne-
cellors, and had thereby frequent Op- ceſſary; of which, upon a ſhort Recol-
portunities to do good or ill Offices to lection, he was always ſorry for, and
many Men; of which he had had Expe- moſt readily and heartily would make
rience, when the Earl of Portland was Acknowledgment. No Man ſo wil-
Treaſurer, and the Lord Cottington lingly made unkind Uſe of all thoſe
Chancellor of the Exchequer ; neither Occaſions, as the Lord Cottington, who,
being
in the Reirn of King CHARLES I.
43
being a Maſter of Temper, and of the ſacrificed to ſuch an Occaſion; and the
moſt profound Diſſimulation, knew too Lord Cottington, who was more ſolicit-
well how to lead him into a Miſtake, ed by the Countrey People and heard
and then drive him into Choler, and moſt of their Murmurs, took the Buſi-
then expoſe him upon the Matter to the nefs moſt to Heart, and endeavour’d by
Judgment of the Company; and he all the Ways he could, and by frequent
choſe to do this most, when the King Importunities, to divert his Majeſty
was preſent.
from purſuing it, and put all Delays he
The King, who was exceſſively af- could well do, in the Bargains which
fected to Hunting, and the Sports of were to be made ; till the King grew
the Field, had a great Deſire to make very angry with him, and told him, He
a great Park for Red, as well as Fallow was reſolu’d to go through with it, and
Deer, between Richmond and Hampton- had already cauſed Brick to be burn'd, and
Court, where he had large Waſtes of much of the Wall to be built upon his own
his own, and great Parcels of Wood, Land; upon which Cottington thought
which made it very fit for the Uſe he fit to acquieſce.
deſign'd it to; but as ſome Pariſhes The building the Wall before Peo-
had Commons in thoſe Waſtes, fo, ple conſented to part with their Land,
many Gentlemen, and Farmers, had or their Common, look'd to them as if
good Houſes, and good Farms inter- by Degrees they ſhould be ſhut out from
mingled with thoſe Waftes of their both, and increas'd the Murmur and
own Inheritance, or for their Lives, or Noiſe of the People, who were not con-
Years; and without taking of them in- cern'd, as well as of them who were ;
to the Park, it would not be of the and it was too near London not to be
Largeneſs, or for the Uſe 'propos’d. the common Diſcourſe. The Arch-
His Majeſty deſir’d to purchaſe thoſe Biſhop (who deſir'd exceedingly that
Lands, and was very willing to buy the King ſhould be poſſeſs'd as much of
them upon higher Terms than the Peo- the Hearts of the People as was poſſible,
ple could ſell them at to any body elſe, at leaſt that they ſhould have no juſt
if they had Occaſion to part with them, Cauſe to complain) meeting with it,
and thought it no unreaſonable Thing refolv'd to ſpeak with the King of it;
upon thoſe Terms, to expect this from which he did; and receiv'd ſuch an
his Subjects; and fo he employ'd his Anſwer from him, that he thought his
own Surveyor, and other of his Offi- Majeſty rather not inform’d enough. of
cers, to treat with the Owners, many the Inconveniencies, and Miſchiefs of
whereof were his own Tenants, whoſe the Thing, than poſitively reſolvd noi
Farms would at laſt expire.
to deſiſt from it. Whereupon one Day
The major Part of the People were he took the Lord Cottington aſide (be-
in a ſhort Time prevaild with, buting inform’d that he diſlik'd it, and,
many very obſtinately refusèd ; and a according to his natural Cuſtom, ſpake
Gentleman, who had the beſt Eſtate, with great Warmth againſt it) and told
with a convenient Houſe, and Gardens, him, He ſhould do very well to give the
would by no Means part with it; and King good Counſel, and to withdraw him
the King being as earneſt to compaſs it; from a Reſolution, in which his Honour
it made a great Noiſe, as if the King and Juſtice was so much calld in queſtion.
would take away Men's Eitates at his Cottington anſwer'd him very gravely,
own Pleaſure. The Biſhop of London, Tbat ibe Thing deſign’d was very lawful,
who was Treaſurer, and the Lord Cot- and he thought the King reſolu'd very
tington, Chancellor of the Exchequer, well, ſince the Place lay so conveniently
were, from the firſt entring upon it, for his Winter Exerciſe, and that be
very averſe from the Deſign, not only fould by it not be compelld to make ſo
for the Murmur of the People, but be- long Journies, as he us’d to do. in that
cauſe the Purchaſe of the Land, and Seaſon of the Year, for his Sport, and
the making a Brick-wall about ſo large that no body ought to diffwade him from
a Parcel of Ground (for it is near ten it.
Miles about) would coſt a greater Sum The Arch-Biſhop inſtead of finding
of Money than they could eaſily pro a Concurrence from him, as he expect-
vide, or than they thought ought to be ed, ſeeing himſelf reproach'd upon the
Matter
44
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
upon the Wildneſs of his Government to be ſo firmly ſettled,
Matter for his Opinion, grew into with him; you ſee how unjully your
much Paſſion, telling him, Such Men Pelion bath tranſported 3'01!. By which
as be would ruin the King, and make him Reprehenſion he found how much he
loſe the Affections of his Subjects; that had been abus’d, and relented it ac-
for his own Part as he had begun, so be cordingly.
would go on to diſwade the King frein Whatſoever was the Cauſe of it, this
proceeding in so ill a Counſel, and that excellent Man, who ſtood not upon the
he hop'd it would appear who had been advantage Ground before, from the
his Counſellor. Cottington glad to ſee Time of his Promotion to the Arch-
him ſo ſoon hot, and reſolv'd to in- Biſhoprick, or racher from that of his
flame him more, very calmly reply'd being Commiſioner of the Treaļury,
to him, That he thought a Man could exceedingly provok'd, or underwent
not, with a good Conſcience, hinder the the Envy and Reproach, and Malice of
King from purſuing his Reſolutions, and Men of all Qualities, and Conditions ;
that it could not but proceed from Want who agreed in nothing elſe: all which,
of Affection to his Perſon, and he was though well enough known to him,
not ſure that it might not be High Trea were not enough conſidered by him,
son.
who believed as moſt Men did, the
The other,
Diſcourſe, in great Anger aſk'd him, that it could neither be ſhaken from
Why from whence he bad receiv'd that within or without, and that leſs than a
Doitrine ? he ſaid, with the ſame Tem- general Confuſion of Law and Goſpel,
per, They who did not wiſh the King's could not hurt him; which was true
Health, could not love him ; and they who too; but he did not foreſee how eaſily
went about to binder his taking Recrea- that Confuſion might be brought to
tion, which preſerv'd his Health, might paſs, as it proved ſhortly to be.
be thought, for ought he knew, guilty of
the higheſt Crimes. Upon which the It was towards the End of the Year
Arch-Biſhop in great Rage, and with 1633, when the King returned from
many Reproaches left him, and either Scotland, having left it to the Care of
preſently, or upon the next Opportuni- ſome of the Biſhops there to provide
ty, told the King, That be now knew ſuch a Liturgy, and ſuch a Book of
who was his great Counſellor for making Canons, as might beſt ſuit the Nature
bis Park, and that he did not wonder and Humour of the better Sort of thać
that Men durst not repreſent any Argu- People ; to which the reſt would eaſily
ments to the contrary, or let his Majeſty ſubmits and that, as faſt as they made
know how much be ſuffer'd in it, when them ready, they ſhould tranſinit them
ſuch Principles of Divinity, and Law, to the Arch-biſhop of Canterbury, to
were laid down to terrify ihem; and ſo whoſe Aliſtance the King joind the
recounted to him the Conference he had Biſhop of London, and Dr. Iren, who,
with the Lord Cottington, bitterly in- by that Time, was become Bishop of
veighing againſt him, and his Doctrine, Norwich; a Man of a ſevere four Nature,
mentioning him with all the ſharp Re- but very Learned, and particularly
proaches imaginable, and beſeeching verſed in the old Liturgies of the Greek
his Majeſty That his Counſel might not
and Latin Churches: And after his M2-
prevail with bim, taking fome Pains to jefty ſhould be this Way certified of
make his Concluſions appear very falſe what was ſo fent, he would recommend
and ridiculous.
and enjoin the Practice and Ule of both
The King faid' no more, but, My to that his Native Kingdom. The
Lord, you are deceiv'd, Cottington is Biſhops there had ſomewhat to do, be-
100 hard for you ; upon any Word be bath fore they went about the preparing the
not only diſwaded me more, and given Canons, and the Liturgy; what had
more Reaſons againſt this buſineſs, than paſs'd at the King's being there in Par-
all the Men in England have done, but liament, had left bitter Inclinations,
bath really obſtructed the Work by not do- and unruly Spirits in many of the most
ing his Duty as I commanded bim, for popular Nobility ; who watch'd only
szbich I bave been very much diſpleaſed for an Opportunity to inflime the Peo-
ple,
in the Reign of King, CHARLES 1
45
İ.
ple, and were well enough contented to bation) iffued out his Proclamation for
ſee combuſtible matter every Day gà- the due Obſervation of them within his
ther'd together to contribute to that Fire. Kingdom of Scotland.
The promoting ſo many Biſhops to It was a fatal Inadvertency that theſe
be of the Privy-Council, and to ſit in Canons, neither before, nor after they
the Courts of Juſtice, ſeem'd at firſt were ſent to the King, had been ever
wonderfully to facilitate all that was in ſeen by the Aſſembly, or any Convoca-
deſign, and to create an Affection and tion of the Clergy, which was ſo ſtrict:
Reverence towards the Church, at leaſt ly oblig'd to the Obſervation of them;
an Application to and Dependance up. nor ſo much as communicated to the
on the greateſt Churchmen. So that Lords of the Council of that King-
there ſeemed to be not only a good Pre- dom į it being almoſt impoſſible that
paration made with the People, but a any new Diſcipline could be introduc'd
general Expectation, and even a Deſire into the Church, which would noč
that they might have a Liturgy, and much concern the Government of the
more Decency obſerv'd in the Church. State, and even trench üponi
, or refer
And this Temper was believed to be to the Municipal Laws of the King-
the more univerſal, becauſe neither dom. And, in this Conſideration, the
from any of the Nobility, nor of the Arch-Biſhop of Canterbury had always
Clergy, who were thought moſt averſe declared to the Biſhops of Scotland,
from it, there appear'd any ſign of That it was their part to be ſure, that
Contradiction, nor that licence of Lan- nothing they ſhould propoſe to the King in
guage againſt it; as was natural to that the Buſineſs of the Church, ſhould be con-
Nation, but an entire Acquieſcence in trary to the Laws of the Land, which he
all the Biſhops thought fit to do, which could not be thought to underſtand; and
was interpreted to proceed from a Con- that they ſhould never put any Thing in
verſion in their Judgment, at leaſt to a Exécution, without the Conſent and Ap-
Submiſſion to Authority : whereas in probation of the Privy-Council
. But it
Truth, it appeared afterwards to be was the unhappy Craft of thoſe Biſhops
from the Obſervation they made of the to get it believ'd by the King, that the
Temper, and Indiſcretion of thoſe Bi- Work would be grateful to the moſt
Shops in the greateſt Authority, that conſiderable of the People, in order to
they were like to have more Advan- obtain his Majeſty's Authority for the
tages adminiſter'd to them by their ill Execution of that which they believed
Managery, than they could raiſe by any would not find Oppoſition againſt his
Contrivance of their own.
Majeſty's Will, which was then in great
It was now two Years, or very near Veneration in that Kingdom; and ſo
ſo much; before the Biſhops in Scotland, they did not, in Truth, dare to ſubmit
had prepar'd any Thing to offer to the thoſe Canons to any other Examination,
King towards their intended Reforma- than what the King ſhould direct in
tion; and then they inverted the pro- England.
per Method; and firſt preſented a Body It was, in the next Place; as ſtrange,
of Canons to precede the Liturgy; that Canons ſhould be publiſh'd before
which was not yet ready; they chooſing the Liturgy was prepard (which was
to finiſh the ſhorter Work firſt: The not ready in a Year after or there-
King referr'd the Conſideration of the abouts) when three or four of the Ca-
Canons, as he had before reſolved to nons were principally for the Obſerva-
do, to the Arch-Biſhop, and the other tion of; and punctual Compliance with
two Biſhops formerly nam'd, the Bi- the Liturgy; which all the Clergy were
ſhop of London, and the Biſhop of to be ſworn to ſubmit to, and to pay all
Norwich; who, after their peruſál of Obedience to what was enjoyn’d by it,
them, and ſome Alterations made, before they knew what it contain'd.
with the conſent of thoſe Biſhops who Whereas if the Liturgy had been firſt
brought them from Scotland, returned publiſh'd with all due Circumſtances, ic
them to the King; and his Majeſty, is poſſible that it might have found a
impatient to ſee the good Work entred better Reception, and the Canons have
upon, without any other Ceremony been leſs examin'd.
(after having given his Royal Appro The Scotiſh Nation, how capable
13
M
foever
46
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
foever it was of being led by ſome which made Impreſion upon Men of
great Men, and miſled by the Clergy, all 'Tempers, Humours, and Inclina-
would have been corrupted by neither tions; And that no Ecclefiaftical Perfor
into a barefac'd Rebellion againſt their should become Surety, 67 Bound for any
King, whoſe Perſon they lov’d, and Man; that National, or General Af-
reverenc'd his Government; nor could ſemblies should be calld only by the King's
they have been wrought upon towards Authority ; that all Biſhops, and other
the lefſening the one, or the other, by Ecclefiaftical Perſons, who die without
any other Suggeſtions, or Infuſions, Children, ſhould be oblig'd to give a good
than ſuch as ſhould make them jealous, Part of their. Eſtates to the Church, and,
or apprehenſive of a Deſign to intro- though they ſhould have Children, get to
duce Popery ; a great Part of their Re- leave ſomewhat to the Church, and for
ligion conſiſting in an entire Deteſtation Advancement of Learning; which ſeem'd
of Popery, in believing the Pope to be rather to be Matter of State and Policy,
Antichriſt, and hating perfectly the than of Religion ; thwarted their Laws
Perſons of all Papiſts.
and Cuſtoms, which had been obſerv'd
The Canons now publiſh'd, beſides by them ; leſſen'd, if not took away,
(as hath been touch'd before) that they the Credit of Churchmen; and prohi-
had paſs'd no Approbation of the Cler- bited them from that Liberty of Com-
gy, ,or been communicated to the merce in Civil Affairs, which the
Council, appear'd to be ſo many new Laws permitted to them; and reflected
Laws impos'd upon the whole King- upon the Intereſts of thoſe who had, or
dom by the King's ſole Authority, and might have a Right to inherit from
contriv'd by a few private Men, of Clergymen. That none hould receive
whom they had no good Opinion, and the Sacrament but upon their Knees; that
who were Strangers to the Nation ; ſo the Clergy Jould have no private Meet-
that it was thought no other than a ings for expounding Scripture, or for con-
Subjection to England, by receiving ſulting upon Matters Ecclefiafticál; that
Laws from thence, of which they were no Man ſhould cover bis Head in the Time
moſt jealous, and which they moſt paf- of Divine Service; and that no Clergy-
ſionately abhorr’d. Then they were man ſhould conceive Prayers ex tempore,
ſo far from being confin'd to the but be bound to pray only by the Forn.
Church, and the Matters of Religion, preſcrib'd in the Liturgy (which by the
that they believ'd there was no Part of Way was not ſeen or fram’d) And that
their Civil Government uninvaded by no Man ſhould teach a publick School, or
them, and no Perſons of what Quality in a private Houſe, without a Licence
ſoever unconcern'd, and, as they firſt obtain'd from the Arch-Biſhop of the
thought, unhurt in them. And there Province, or the Biſhop of the Dićceſe.
were ſome Things in ſome particular All theſe were new, and Things with
Canons, how rational foever in them- which they had not been acquainted ;
ſelves, and how diſtant foever in the and though they might be fit to be
Words and Expreſſions from inclining commended to a regular and orderly
to Popery, which yet gave too much People piouſly diſpoſed, yet it was too
Advantage to thoſe who maliciouſly ſtrong Meat for Infants in Diſcipline,
watch'd the Occaſion, to perſwade and too much Nouriſhment to be ad-
weak Men that it was an Approach, miniſtred at once to weak and queaſy
and Introduction to that Religion, the Stomachs, and too much inclin’d to
very Imagination whereof intoxicated nauſeate what was moſt wholſome. But
all Men, and depriv'd them of all Fa. then to apply the old Terms of the
culties to examine and judge.
Church, to mention That Quatuor tem-
Some of the faid Canons defin'd, and pora, and reſtrain all Ordinations to the
determin'd ſuch an unlimited Power and four Seaſons of the Year; to enjoin a Font
Prerogative to be in the King, according to be prepard in every Church for Bap-
to the Pattern of the Kings of Iſrael, and tiſm, and a decent Table for the Commu-
ſuch a full Supremacy in all Cafes Eccle- nion; and to direct, and appoint the
fiaftical, as bath never been pretended 10 Places where both Font and Table ſhould
by their former Kings, or ſubmitted to by ſtand, and decent Ornaments for either ;
the Clergy, and Laity of that Nation; to reſtrain any Excommunication from be-
ing
in the Reign of King CÉ AR LĖS 1: :
42
ing pronounced, or Abſolution from being of the Time. The Priøy-Council had
given, without the Approbation of the no other Notice of it than all the King-
Bilbop; to mention any Practice of dom had ; the Sunday before, when it
Confeflion (which they look'd upon as was declared, That next Sunday the Li-
the ſtrongeſt, and moſt inſeperable turgy ſhould be read; by which they
Limb of Antichriſt) and to enjoin That were the leſs concern’d 'to foreſee; or
no Preſbyter ſhould reveal any Thing he prevent any Obſtructions which might
ſhould receive in Confeſſion, except in happen.
fuck Cafes, where by the Law of the The Proclamation had appointed it
Land, bis own Life should be forfeited ; to be read the Eaſter before, but the
were all ſuch Matters of Innovation, Earl of Traquaire High Treaſurer of
and in their Nature ſo ſuſpicious, that Scotland (who was the only Counſellor
they thought they had Reaſon to be or Layman relied upon by the Arch-
jealous of the worſt that could follow ; Biſhop of Canterbury in that Buſineſs)
and the laſt Canon of all provided perſwaded the King to defer it till Julù
That no Perſon should be receiv'd into that ſome good Preparation might be
Holy Orders, or ſuffer'd to preach, or made for the more chearful Reception
Aiminiſter the Sacraments, without firſt of it. And as this pauſe gave the dif-
ſubſcribing to thoſe Canons.
contented Party more Heart, and more
It was now eaſy for them who had Time for their feditious Negociations,
thoſe Inclinations, to ſuggeſt to Men ſo the ill Conſequence of it, or the
of all Conditions, that here was an en- Actions which were ſubſequent to it,
tire new Model of Government in made him ſuſpected to be Privy to alí
Church and State ; the King: might do the Conſpiracy, and to be an Enemy to
what he would upon them all, and the Church ; though in Truth there
the Church was nothing but what the neither appear’d then, nor in all the
Biſhops would have it be ; which they very unfortunate Part of his Life after
every Day infuſed into the Minds of the wards, any juſt ground for that Accufa-
People, with all the Artifices which ad. tion and Suſpicion ; but as he was exceeda
miniſter Jealouſies of all kinds to thoſe ingly obliged to the Arch-Biſhop, ſo
who were liable to be diſquieted with he was a Man of great Parts, and well
them; yet they would not. ſuffer any. affected to the Work in Hand in his
Diſorder to break out upon all this own Judgment; and if he had been as
Occaſion, bu: all was quiet , except much depended upon, to have advis d
ſpreading of Libels againſt the Biſhops, the Biſhops in the Proſecution, and for
and propagating that Spirit as much as the Conduct of it, as he was to aſſiſt
they could, by their Correſpondence in them in the carrying on whatſoever
England; where they found too many they propos’d, it is very probable, that
every Day tranſported by the fame In- either ſo much would not have been
fuſions, in Expectation that theſe Seeds undertaken together, or that it would
of Jealouſy from the Canons would have ſucceeded better; for he was with-
grow apace, and produce ſuch a Re-- out doubt not inferior to any of that
ception for the Liturgy as they wiſh'd Nation in Wiſdom and Dexterity. And
for.
though he was often provok’d, by the
was about the Month of July, in Inſolence of ſome of the Biſhops, to a
the Year 1637, that the Liturgy was Dinike of their overmuch Fervour,
publiíh’d, and appointed to be Read in and too little Diſcretion, his Integrity
all the Churches. And in this parti- to the King was without blemiſh, and
cular there was the ſame affected and his Affection to the Church ſo notori,
premeditated Omiſſion, as had been in ous, that he never deſerted it, till bothi
the Preparation and Publication of the it and he were over-run, and trod un-
Canons; the Clergy not at all confult- der Foot; and they who were the
ed in it, and, which was more ſtrange, moſt notorious Perfecutors of it, never
not all the Biſhops acquainted with it; left perſecuting him to the Death.
which was leſs cenſur'd afterwards, On the Sunday Morning appointed
when ſome of them renounced their for the Work, the Chancellor of Scot-
Function, and became ordinary Preſ- land, and others of the Council, being
byters, as ſoon as they ſaw the Current preſent in the Cathedral Church, the
Dean
48
The Hyjtory of the Rebellion
Dean began to read the Liturgy, which Hitherto no Perſon of Condition or
he had no ſooner enter'd upon, but a Name appear’d, or ſeem'd to counte-
Noife and a Clamour was rais'd nance this feditious Confuſión ; it was
throughout the Church, that no Words the Rabble, of which no body was
could be heard diſtinctly, and then a named, and which is more ſtrange, not
Śhower of Stones, and Sticks, and one apprehended ; and it ſeems the
Cudgels were thrown at the Dean's Biſhops thought it not of moment e-
Head. The Biſhop went up into the nough to require any Help or Protec-
Pulpit, and from thence put them in tion from the Council; but without
mind of the Sacredneſs of the Place, of conferring with them, or applying,
their Duty to God and the King ; but themſelves to them, they diſpatch'd a-
he found no more Reverence, nor was way an Expreſs to the King, with a full
the Clamour and Diſorder leſs than be- and particular Information of all that
fore. The Chancellor, from his Seat, had paſs’d, and a Deſire that he would
commanded the Provoſt and Magi: take that Courſe he thought beſt for the
ſtrates of the City to deſcend from the carrying on his Service.
Gallery in which they ſat, and by their Until this Advertiſement arriv'd
Authority to ſuppreſs the Riot; which from Scotland; there were very few in
at laſt with great Difficulty they did, England who had heard of any Diſor-
by driving the rudeſt of thoſe who ders there; or of any Thing done there
made the Diſturbance out of the Church, which might produce any. The King
and ſhutting the Doors; which gave himſelf had been always ſo jealous of
the Dean Opportunity to proceed in the Privileges of that his native King-
the reading of the Liturgy, that was dom, and that it might not be diſho-
not at all attended or hearken'd to by nour'd by a Suſpicion of having any
thoſe who remain’d within the Church; Dependance upon England, that he
and if it had, they who were turn'd never ſuffer'd any Thing relating to
out continued their barbarous Noiſe, that to be debated, or ſo much as com-
broke the Windows, and endeavour'd municated to his Privy Council in this
to break down the Doors ; ſo that it (though many of that Nation were,
was not poſſible for any to follow their without Diſtinction, Counſellors of En-
Devotions.
gland) but handled all thoſe Affairs
When all was done that, at that Time himſelf with two or three Scots-Men,
could be done there, and the Council who always attended in the Court for
and Magiſtrates went out of the Church the Buſineſs of that Kingdom, which
to their
Houſes, the Rabble follow'd was upon the Matter ſtill diſpatch'd by
the Biſhops with all the opprobrious Lan- the ſole Advice and Direction of the
guage they could invent, of bringing Marquis of Hamilton.
in Superſtition and Popery into the And the Truth is, there was ſo little
Kingdom, and making the People Curioſity either in the Court, or the
Slaves ; and were not content to uſe Country, to know any thing of Scot-
their Tongues, but employ'd their land, or what was done there, that
Hands too in throwing Dirt and Stones when the whole Nation was follicitous
at them; and treated the Biſhop of to know what paſs’d weekly in Germany
Edinburgh, whom they look'd upon as and Poland, and all other Parts of
moſt active that Way, fo rudely, that Europe, no Man ever enquir'd what
with Difficulty he got into a Houſe, was doing in Scotland, nor had that
after they had torn his Habit, and was Kingdom a Place or Mention in one
from thence remov'd to his own, with Page of any Gazette ; and even after
great Hazard of his Life. As this was the Advertiſement of this Preamble to
the Reception it had in the Cathedral, Rebellion, no Mention was made of it
ſo it far'd not better in the other at the Council-Board, but ſuch a Dif-
Churches of the City, but was enter- patch made into Scotland upon it, as
tain’d with the fame Hollowing and expreſs’d the King's Dinike and Dir-
Outcries ; and threatning the Men pleaſure, and oblig'd the Lords of the
whoſe Office it was to read it, with the Council there to appear more vigorouſ-
fame bitter Execrations againſt Biſhops ly in the Vindication of his Authority,
and Popery.
and Suppreſſion of thoſe Tumuits.. But
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.,, 49
مو
all was too little. That People after Peace, preſently fome Nobleman depu-
they had once begun, purſued the Bu- ted by the Tables publiſh'd a Protelta-
fineſs vigorouſly, and with all imagina- tion againſt thoſe Orders and Procla-
ble Contempt of the Government; and mations, with the ſame Confidence;.
though in the Hubbub of the firſt Day and with as much Formality, as if the
there appear'd no body of Name or Government were regularly in their
Reckoning, but the Actors were really Hands.
of the Dregs of the People ; yet they They calld a General Aſſembly;
diſcover'd by the Countenance of that whither they ſummon’d the Biſhops to
Day, that few Men of Rank'were for appear before them, and for not ap-
ward to engage themſelves in the Quar- pearing, excommunicated them; and
rel on the Behalf of the Biſhops ; where- then they united themſelves by ſub-
upon more confiderable Perſons every ſcribing a Covenant, which they pre-
Diy appear'd againſt them, and the tended, with their uſual Confidence, to
Women and Ladies of the beſt Quality be no other than had been ſubſcribed
declar'd themſelves of the Party, and, in the Reign of King James, and that
with all the Reproaches imaginable, his Majeſty himſelf had ſubſcribed it ;
made War upon the Biſhops, as Introdu- by which Impoſition People of all De-
cers of Popery and Superſtition, againſt grees, ſuppoſing it might be a Means
which they avow'd themſelves to be ir to extinguiſh the preſent Fire, with all
reconcileable Enemies ; and their Huf- Alacrity engag'd themſelves in it ;
bands did not long defer the owning the whereas in truth, they had inſerted a
ſame Spirit ; inſomuch as within few Clauſe never heard of; and quite con-
Days the Biſhops durſt not appear in the trary to the End of that Covenant,
Streets, nor in any Courts, or Houſes, whereby they oblig'd themſelves to
but were in Danger of their Lives; and purſue the Extirpation of Biſhops, and
ſuch of the Lords as durſt be in their had the Confidence to demand the fame
Company, or feem'd to deſire to reſcue in expreſs Terms of the King; in An-
them froin Violence, had their Coach- ſwer to a very gracious Meſſage the
es torn in Pieces, and their Perſons af- King had ſent to them. They publiſh'd
faulted, inſomuch as they were glad to bitter Invectives againſt the Biſhops,
ſend for ſome of thoſe great Men, who and the whole Government of the
did indeed govern the Rabble, though Church, which they were not content-
they appear'd not in it, who readily ed to ſend only into England to kindle
came and redeem'd them out of their the ſame Fire there, but, with their
Hands; ſo that by the Time new Or- Letters, ſent them to all the reform'd
ders came from England, there was Churches, by which they rais'd ſo great
fcarce a Biſhop left in Edinburgh, and a Prejudice to the King, that too many
not a Minifter who durſt read the Li- of them believ'd, that the King had a
turgy in any Church.
real Deſign to change Religion, and
All the Kingdom flock'd to Edin- introduce Popery.
burgh, as in a general Cauſe that con It is very true, there were very many
cern'd their Salvation, and reſolv'd of the Nobility, and Perſons of princi-
themſelves into a Method of Govern- pal Quality of that Nation, and in E-
ment, erected ſeveral Tables, in which . dinburgh at that Time, who did not
Deputies fat for the Nobility, the Gen- appear yet, and concur in this feditious
tlemen, the Clergy and the Burgeſſes; Behaviour, or own their being yet of
out of either of which Table a Council their Party; but on the contrary ſeem'd
was elected to conduct their Affairs, very much to diſlike their Proceedings:
and a Petition drawn up in the Names But it is as true, that very few had the
of the Nobility, Lairds, Clergy, and Courage to do any thing in Oppoſition
Burgeſſes to the King, complaining of to them, or to concur in the Profecu-
the Introduction of Popery, and many tion of any regal Act againſt them.;
other Grievances. And if the Lords which did in ſome Reſpect more ad-
of the Council iſſued out any Order a vance their Deſigns, than if they had
gainſt them, or if the King himſelf fent manifeſtly joynd with them. For
a Proclamation for their Repair to their theſe Men, many of whom were of the
Houſes, and for the Preſervation of the Council, by all their Letters into Ena
14
N
gland,
50
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
gland, exceedingly undervalued the Dif- whole Kingdom of England, with the
order, as being very eaſy to be ſuppreſs’d Indignities he had ſuſtain'd in Scotland;
in a ſhort Time, when the People's Eyes which he did by Proclamations, and
jould be open'd; and that the moving Declarations at large, ſetting out the
the Courts to some other Place, and a whole Proceedings which had been;
gracious Condeſcention in the · King in and in the End of the Year 1638, de-
offering Pardon for what was past, clar'd his Reſolution to raiſe an Army
would
ſuddenly ſubdue them, and every to ſuppreſs their Rebellion ; for which
body would return to his Duty: And he gave preſent Order.
the City of Edinburgh itſelf writ an And this was the firſt Alarm England
humble Letter to the Arch-Biſhop of receiv'd towards any Trouble, after it
Canterbury, excuſing the Diſorders had enjoy'd for ſo many Years the moſt
which had been rais'd by the Ignorance uninterrupted Proſperity, in a full and
and Rudeneſs of the meaneſt of the plentiful Peace, that any Nation could
People, and beſeeching him to inter- be bleſs'd with: And as there was no
cede with his Majeſty for the Suſpenſion Apprehenſion of Trouble from within,
of his Prejudice to them, till they ſhould ſo it was ſecur'd from without, by a
manifest their Duty to him, by inflitting ſtronger Fleet at Sea than the Nation
exemplary Puniſhments upon the chief had ever been acquainted with, which
Offenders, and cauſing the Liturgy to be drew Reverence from all the neighbour
receiv'd, and ſubmitted to in all their Princes. The Revenue had been ſo
Churches; which they profeſs'd they well improv'd, and ſo warily managʻd,
would in a ſhort Time bring to paſs that there was Money in the Exchequer
So that by this Means, and the Inter- proportionable for the undertaking any
poſition of all thoſe of that Nation who noble Enterprize ; nor did this firſt
attended upon his Majeſty in his Bed- Noiſe of War, and Approach towards
Chamber, and in ſeveral Offices at Action, ſeem to make any Impreſſion
Court, who all undertook to know by upon the Minds of Men, the Scots be-
their Intelligences, that all was quiet, ing in no Degree either lov’d or fear'd
or would ſpeedily be ſo; his Majeſty by the People; and moſt Men hoped,
(who well knew that they who appear'd that this would free the Court from
moſt active in this Confederacy were being henceforth troubled with thoſe
much inferior to thoſe who did not ap- Men ; and ſo they ſeem’d to embrace
pear, and who profeſs'd great Zeal for the Occaſion with notable Alacrity;
his Service) hardly prevail'd with him- and there is no doubt but if all of that
ſelf to believe that he could receive any Nation who were united in the Rebel-
Diſturbance from thence, till he found lion (ſome of which ſtaid yet in the
all his Condeſcenſions had rais’d their Court) had march'd in their Ariny,
Inſolence, all his Offers rejected, and and publickly own’d the Covenant,
his Proclamation of Pardon ſighted which in their Hearts they ador’d, nei-
and contemn'd; and that they were ther the King, nor the Kingdom,
lifting Men towards the raiſing an Ar- could have ſuſtain'd any great Damage
my, under the Obligation of their Co- by them ; but the Monument of their
venant, and had already choſen Colonel Preſumption and their Shame would
Leſly, a Soldier of that Nation of long have been raiſed together, and no other
Experience and eminent Command Memory preſerv'd of their Rebellion
under the King of Sweden in Germany, but in their memorable Overthrow.
to be their General; who being lately God Almighty would not ſuffer this
diſoblig'd (as they callid it) by the diſcerning Spirit of Wiſdom to go-
King, that is, denied ſomewhat he had vern at this Time; the King thought
a mind to have, had accepted of the it unjuſt to condemn a Nation for the
Command, Then at laſt the King Tranſgreſſion of a Part of it, and ſtill
thought it time to reſort to other Coun- hoped to redeem it from the Infamy of
ſels, and to provide Force to chaſtiſe a general Defection, by the exemplary
them, who had ſo much deſpiſed all his Fidelity of a ſuperior Party, and there-
gentler Remedies.
fore withdrew not his Confidence from
He could now no longer defer the any of thoſe who attended his Perſon,
acquainting the Council-Board, and the who, in truth, lay Leiger for the Co-
venant,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. Á Í
yenant, and kept up the Spirits of their and to make a Deſcent upon the Land,
Countrymen by their Intelligence. and join with ſuch Forces as the Loyal
The King haften’d the raiſing an Party of that Nation ſhould draw to-
Army, which was not long in doing. gether to aſſiſt the King's, which his
He choſe to make the Earl of Arundel own Intereſt (as was believ'd) would
his General, a Man who was thought give great Life to, his Family being
to be made choice of for his Negative numerous in the Nobility, and united
Qualities : He did not love the Scots; in an entire Dependance upon him.
he did not love the Puritans; which Upon the firſt March of the Army
Qualification were allay'd by another Northwards, the Earl of Eſex was fent
Negative, he did not much love any with a Party of Horſe and Foot, to
Body elſe: but he was fit to keep the uſe all poſſible Expedition to poffefs
State of it; and his Rank was ſuch, himſelf of Berwick, which the King
that no Man would decline the ſerving had been advertisid the Scots would
under him.
ſpeedily be Maſters of. The Earl loft
The Earl of Elex was made Lieu- no Time, but march'd Day and Night
tenant-General of the Army, the moſt with great Order and Diligence: and
popular Man of the Kingdom, and the every Day met ſeveral Scots-men of
Darilng of the Sword-men; who, be Quality well known to him, and ſent
tween a Hatred and a Contempt of the expreſsly to the King, who all ſeverally
Scots, had nothing like an Affection for made him very particular Relations of
any Man of that Nation ; and there- the Strength of the Scots Army, the ex-
fore was ſo well pleaſed with his Pro- cellent Diſcipline that was obſerv'd in
motion, that he began to love the King, it, and the Goodneſs of the Men, and
the better for conferring it upon him, that they were by that Time poffeſs'd
and enter'd upon the Province with of. Berwick; and when he was within
great Fidelity and Alacrity, and was one day's March of it, a Perſon of
capable from that Hour of any Impreſ- principal Condition, of, very near Re-
fion the King would have fix'd upon lation to the King's Service (who pre-
him.
tended to be ſent upon Matter of high
The Earl of Holland was General Importance to his Majeſty from thoſe
of the Horſe, who, beſides the Obli who moſt intended his Service there) met
gations he had to the Queen (who him, and advis'd him 'very earneſtly
vouchſafed to own a particular Traft in not to advance" farther with bis Party,
him), was not then liable to the leaſt which, he ſaid, was ſo much inferior in
Suſpicion of want of Affection, and number to thoſe of the Enemy, that it
Zeal for the King's Service.
would infallibly be cut off ; that himſelf
In the Beginning of the Spring, overtook the Day before a ſtrong Party
which was in the Year 1639, an Army of the Army, conſiſting of three thouſand
was drawn together of near fix thou- Horſe and Foot with a Train of Artillery,
fand Horſe, and about that number in all which he left at ſuch a Place (which
Foot, all very well diſciplin'd Men, un he named) within three Hours March of
der as good and experienced Officers, as Berwick, where they reſolved to be the
were to be found at that Time in Chriſten- Night before, ſo that his proceeding far-
dom. With this Army abundantly fup- ther muſt be fruitleſs, and expoſe him to
plied with a Train of Artillery, and all inevitable Ruin. Theſe Advertiſements
other Proviſions neceſſary, the King wrought no otherwiſe upon the Earl,
advanced in the beginning of the Sum- than to haften his Marches, inſomuch
mer towards the Borders of Scotland. that he came to Berwick ſooner than he
This was not all the Strength that propos’d to have done, enter'd the
was provided for the ſuppreſſing that Place without the leaſt Oppoſition,
Rebellion, but the King had likewiſe and by all the Enquiry he could make
provided a good Fleet, and had cauſed a by ſending out Parties, and other Ad-
Body of three thouſand Foot to be em- vertiſements, he could not diſcover
bark”d on thoſe Ships; all which were that any of the Enemies Forces had
put under the Command of the Mar- been drawn that Way, nor indeed that
quis of Hamilton, who was to infeſt the they had any conſiderable Forces to-
Country by Sea to hinder their Trade, gether nearer than Edinburgh,
The
52
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
upon
The Earl being thus poſſeſs'd of his in the Tenure which many Men held
Poſt, loft no Time in advertiſing the their Eſtates by, he found that the
King of it, and ſent him a very particu- Kings had uſually, when they went to
lar Account of the Informations he had make War in their own Perſons, calld
received from fo many Ear and Eye as many of the Nobility to attend
Witneſſes, who were all that Time in them as they thought fit.
the Court, and very fit to be ſuſpected Thereupon he ſummon'd moſt of the
after the publiſhing of ſo many Falls Nobility of the Kingdom, without any
hoods; and theſe very Men had been conſideration of their Affections how
conſtant in the ſame Reports, and as they ſtood diſpoſed to that Service, to at-
confident in reporting the Defeat of the tend upon him by a Day appointed, and
Earl of Elex and cutting off his Party, throughout that Expedition ; preſuming
as they had been to himſelf of the Scots that the Glory of ſuch a viſible Appear-
March, and their being Maſters of ance of the whole Nobility, would look
Berwick. The Joy was not conceal'd like ſuch an Union in the Quarrel, as
with which his Majeſty receiv'd the would at once terrify and reduce the
News of the Earl's being in Berwick, Scots; not conſidering that ſuch Kinds
the contrary whereof thoſe Men made of uniting do often produce the great-
him apprehend with much Perplexity ; eſt' Confuſions, when more and the
but they underwent no other Reproach greater Men are callid together than
for their Intelligence, than that their can be united in Affections and Inter-
Fears had multiplied their Sight, and eſts; and in the neceſſary Differences
that they had been frighted with other which ariſe from thence, they quickly
Mens Relations; which Remiſneſs, to come to know each other ſo well, as
call it no worſe, was an ill Omen of they rather break into ſeveral Diviſions,
the Diſcipline that was like to be ob- than join in any one publick Intereſt;
fery'd.
and from 'hence have always riſen the
If the War had been now vigorouſly moſt dangerous Factions, which have
purſued, it had been as ſoon ended as threaten'd and ruin'd the Peace of Na-
begun; for at this Time they had not fions ; and it fell out no better here.
drawn three thouſand Men together in If there had been none in the March
the whole Kingdom of Scotland, nor but Soldiers, it is moſt probable that a
had in Truth Arms compleat for ſuch a poble Peace would have quickly enſu-
Number, though they had the Poffef- ed, even without fighting ; but the
ſion of all the King's Forts and Maga- Progreſs was more illuſtrious than the
zines there, nor had they Ammunition March, and the Soldiers were the leaſt
to ſupply their Fire-Arms; Horſes Part of the Army, and leaſt conſulted
they had, and Officers they had, which with.
made all their Shew. But it was the In this Pomp the King continued
fatal Misfortune of the King, which his Journey to York, where he had a
proceeded from the Excellency of his full Court, thoſe Noblemen of the
Nature, and his Tenderneſs of Blood, Northern Parts, and many others who
that he deferr'd ſo long his Reſolution overtook not the King till then, join-
of uling his Arms; and after he had ing all in that City; where his Majeſty
taken that Reſolution, that it was not found it neceſſary to ſtay fome Days;
proſecuted with more Vigour.
and there the Fruit, that was to be ga-
He more intended the Pomp of his ther'd from ſuch a Conflux, quickly
Preparations than the Strength of them, budded out. Some Rules were to be
and did ſtill believe that the one would ſet down for the Government of the
ſave the Labour, of the other. At the Army; the Court was too numerous
fame Time that he reſolv'd to raiſe an to be wholly left to its own Licence ;
Army, he cauſed Enquiry to be made, and the Multitude of Scots in it, admi-
what Obligations lay upon his Subjects niſtred matter of Offence and Jealouſy
to affiſt him, both as he went himſelf to People of all Conditions, who had
in Perſon, and as it was an Expedition too much Cauſe to fear that the King
againſt the Sco!s; which, in the ancient was every Day betray'd; the common
Enmity between the two Nations, had Diſcourſe by all the Scots being either
been provided for by fome Laws; and to magnify the good Intentions of their
Country-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 53
Countrymen, and that they had all their proper Errand, and left the Mat-
Duty for the King, or to undervalue ter of the War wholly to them, in all
the Power and Intereſt of thoſe who human Reaſon, his Enemies had been
diſcover'd themſelves againſt the ſpeedily ſubdu'd; and that Kingdom
Church.
reduc'd to their Obedience.
It was therefore thought fit by the Before the King left York, Letters
whole Body of Council, that a ſhort and Addreſſes were ſent from the Scots;
Proteſtation ſhould be drawn, in which Lamenting their ill Fortune, that their
all Men Mould profeſs their Loyalty and Enemies had ſo great Credit with the
Obedience to his Majeſty, and diſclaim King, as to perſwade him to believe that
and renounce the having any Intelligence, they were or could be diſobedient to hini;
or holding any Correſpondence with the a Thing that could never enter into their
Rebels. No Man imagin'd it poſſible loyal Hearts; that they deſir'd nothing
that any of the Engliſh would refuſe to but to be admitted into the Preſence of
make that Proteſtation ; and they who their gracious Sovereign, to lay their
thought worſt of the Scots, did not Grievances at his Royal Feet, and leave
think they would make any Scruple of the Determination of them entirely to his
doing' the fame, and conſequently that own Wiſdom and Pleaſure. And though
there would be no Fruit, or Diſcovery the Humility of the Style gain'd them
from that Teft; but they were de- many Friends, who thought it great
ceiv'd; the Scots indeed took it to a Pity, that any Blood ſhould be ſpilt in
Man, without grieving their Con a Contention which his Majeſty might
ſcience, or reforming their Manners. put an End to by his own Word as
But amongſt the Engliſh Nobility, the ſoon as he would hear their Complaints,
Lord Say, and the Lord Brook (two po- yet hitherto the King preſerv'd him-
pular Men, and moſt undevoted to the ſelf from being wrought upon, and
Church, and, in truth, to the whole march'd with convenient Expedition to
Government) poſitively refus'd in the the very Borders of Scotland, and en-
King's own Preſence to make any ſuch camp'd with his Army in an open
Proteſtation. They ſaid, If the King Field called the Berks, on the further
fufpected their Loyalty he might proceed Side of Berwick, and lodg'd in his
against them as he thought fit ; but that Tent with the Army; though every
it was against the Law to impoſe cay Day's March wrought very much upon
Oaths or Proteſictions upon them which the Conſtitution if not the Courage of
were not enjoyn'd by the Law; and, in the Court, and too many wiſh'd aloud,
that reſpeit, that they might not betray That the Buſineſs were brought to a fair
the common Liberty, they would not ſub- Treaty.
siit to it.
Upon the Advertiſement that a Par-
This adminiſtred Matter of new Dif- ty of the Scots Army was upon the
pute in a very unfeaſonable Time; and March, the Earl of Holland was ſent
though there did not then appear more with a Body of three thouſand Horſe,
of the ſame Mind, and they two were and two thouſand Foot; with a fit
committed, at leaſt reſtrain’d of their Train of Artillery, to meet it, and en-
Liberty, yet this diſcover'd too much gage with it ; who march'd according-
of the Humour and Spirit of the Court ly into Scotland early in a Morning as
in their daily Diſcourſes upon that Sub- far as a Place callid Dunce, ten or
ject; ſo that the King thought it beſt twelve Miles into that Kingdom. It
to diſmiſs thoſe two Lords, and require was in the beginning of August, when
them to return to their Houſes: And the Nights are very ſhort, and, as ſoon
if all the reſt who were not Officers of as the Sun riſes, the Days for the moſt
the Army, or of abſolute Neceſſity a part hotter than is reaſonably expected
bout the King's Perſon, had been like- from the Climate ; and by the Teſti-
wiſe diſmiſs’d and ſent Home, the Bu- mony of all Men that Day was the hot-
ſineſs had been better profecuted. teſt that had been known. When the
Indeed if the King himfelf had Earl came with his Horſe to Dunce, he
ſtay'd at London, or, which had been found the Scots drawn up on the Side
the next beſt, kept his Court and refi- of a Hill, where the Front cculd only
ded at York, and ſent the Army on be in View, and where, he was in-
15
0
form’d
54
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
form'd, the General Leſly and the View, he diſpatch'd Meſſengers one af-
whole Army was; and it was very true, ter another to the King, with an Ac-
they were all there indeed ; but it was court of what he heard and ſaw, or
as true, that all did not exceed the believ'd he ſaw, and yet thought not
Number of three thouſand Men, very fit to ſtay for an Anſwer ; but with the .
ill arm’d, and moſt Country Fellows, joint Conſent of all his chief Officers
who were on the ſudden got together to (for it was never after pretended that
make that Shew; and Leſly had plac'd any one Officer of Name diſſwaded it,
them by the Advantage of that Hill ſo though they were ſtill aſham'd of it)
ſpeciouſly, that they had the Appear- retir'd towards his Foot, to whom he
ance of a good Body of Men; there be- had likewiſe ſent Orders not to advance;
ing all the Semblance of great Bodies and ſo wearied and tired by the Length
behind on the other Side of the Hill; of the March, and more by the Heat
the fallhood of which would have been of the Weather, which was intolerable,
manifeſt as ſoon as they ſhould move they return'd to the Camp, where the
from the Place where they were, and King was; and the Scots drew a little
from whence they were therefore not to back, to a more convenient Poſt for
ftir.
their Reſidence.
The Horſe had outmarch'd the Foot, The Covenanters, who very well
which, by reaſon of the exceſſive Heat, underſtood the Weakneſſes of the
was not able to uſe great Expedition; Court, as well as their own Want of
beſides there was ſome Error in the Or- Strength, were very reaſonably exalted
ders, and ſome Accidents of the Night with this Succeſs, and ſcatter'd their
that had retarded them ; ſo that when Letters abroad amongſt the Noblemen
the Enemy appeard firſt in View, the at Court, according to the Humours of
Foot and the Artillery was three or the Men to whom they writ; there be-
four Miles behind.
ing upon the Matter an unreſtrain'd
Nothing can be ſaid in the Excuſe Intercourſe between the King's Camp
of the Counſel of that Day, which and Edinburgh.
might have made the King a glorious, They writ three ſeveral Letters to
King indeed. The Earl of Holland the three Generals, the Earl of Arun-
was a Man of Courage, and at that del, the Earl of Efex, and the Earl of
Time not at all ſuſpected to be corrupt- Holland. That to the Earl of Eſſex
ed in his Affections; and though he was in a dialect more ſubmiſs than to
himſelf had not ſeen more of War than the others; they ſaid much to him of
two or three Campaigns in Holland be- his own Fame and Reputation, which
fore his coming to the Court, he had added to their Afliktion that he should be
with him many as good Officers as the in Arms against them; That they had
War of that Age, which was very not the least Imagination of entring into
active, had made, and Men of unqueſ- War againſt England ;
their only
tionable Courage and Military Know- Thought and Hope was to defend their
ledge. As he might very fafely make own Rights and Liberties, which were
a Halt at Dunce till his Foot and Ar- due to them by the Law of the Land, un-
tillery came up to him, ſo he might till tbey might have Acceſs to his Majeſty
ſecurely enough have engag'd his Body to expoſe their Complaints to him, from
of Horſe againſt their whole inconſide- which they were hindred by the Power
rable Army, there being neither Tree and Greatneſs of ſome of their own Coun-
nor Buſh to interrupt his Charge ; but try-men ; being deſirous the Earl ſhould
it was thought otherwiſe ; and no underſtand that their principal Griev-
queſtion it was generally. believ'd, by ance was the Intereſt of the Marquis of
the placing and drawing out their Hamilton, who, they knew, was not
Front in ſo conſpicuous a Place, by the in any Degree acceptable to the Earl ;
Appearance of other Troops behind and therefore deſir’d him to be ready is
them, and by the ſhewing great Herds do them good Offices to the King, thai
of Cattle at a Diſtance upon the Hills they might be admitted to his Preſence.
on either Side, that their Army was The Earl of Eſſex, who was a punctual
very much ſuperior in Number. And Man in point of Honour, receiv'd this
therefore as ſoon as the Earl came in Addreſs fuperciliouſly enoughi, ient is
to
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
55
to the King without returning any An- thoſe Noblemen who moſt furiously
ſwer, or holding any Conference, or perſecuted the Church, and preſided in
performing the leaſt Ceremony, with thoſe Councils; the King's refuſing to
or towards the Meſſengers.
give leave to ſome Officers of Horſe;
The Earls of Arundel and Holland who had offer'd to make Inroads into
gave another Kind of Reception to the the Country, and deſtroy the Stock
Letters they receiv’d. To the former, thereof, whereby they would be pre-
after many Profeſſions of high Efteem fently oblig'd to make Submiſſion, and
of his Perſon, they enlarg‘d upon their to aſk Pardon; and laſtly the Recep-
great Affection to the Engliſh Nation, tion of the Earl of Holland after his
and how they abhorr’d the Thought.of a ſhameful Retreat, with ſo much Satisa
War between the two Nations ;, they be- faction and Joy, as his Majeſty had ma-
fought him to preſent their Supplication nifefted upon his Return (having after
(which they inclos’d) to the King, and the firſt Meſſenger's arrival from Dunce;
to procure their Deputies Admiſſion to his when the Enemy was in View, ſent
Majeſty. The Earl us’d them with him Orders not to engage) made it then.
more Reſpect than was fuitable to the ſuſpected, as it was afterwards believ'd
Office of a General, and made many by thoſe who ftood neareſt, that his
profeſſions of his Deſire to interpoſes and Majeſty had in Truth never any Pur .
mediate a good Peace between the Na. poſe to make the War in Blood, but
tions ; and it was confidently reported; believ'd that by ſhewing an Army to
and believ'd, that he had frequently them which was able to force them to
made thoſe profeſſions by ſeveral Mef- any Conditions, they would have begg'd
ſages he had ſent before into Scotland; Pardon for the Conteſt they had made,
and he had given Paffes to many obſcure and ſo he ſhould have ſettled the
Perſons, to go into and return out of Church, and all Things elſe according
that Kingdom.
to his Pleaſure; and ſure he might have
Their Letter to the Earl of Holland done ſo, if he had but ſat ſtill, and
was in a more confident Style, as to a been conftant to his own Intereſt, and
Man from whom they expected all poſitive in denying their inſolent De-
goce Offices. They ſent him likewiſe mands. But the Scots in the Court had
à Copy of their Supplication to the made Impreſſion upon ſo many of the
King, and deſir'd himto uſe his Cre-. Engliſh Lords, that though at that Time
dit i hat a Treaty. might be. enter'd into, there were very few of them who had
and that his Majeſty would appoint Men entred into an uulawful Combination
of Religion and of publick Hearts to ma- againſt the King, yet there was almoſt
nage the Treaty. From this Time the a general Diſlike of the War, both by
Earl was found at leaſt enough inclin'd the Lords of the Court and of the Coun-
to that Intereſt; and the King's Rea- try; and they took this opportunity
dineſs to hear Diſcourſes.of a Pacifica to communicate their Murmurs to each
tion, and that Meſſengers would be other; none of the Perſons who were
ſhortly ſent to him with Propoſitions moſt maligned for their Power and In-
worthy of his Acceptation, abated thoſe tereſt with the King being upon the
Animoſities, and Appetite. to War, Place; and all Men believing, that
which had made all the Noiſe in the nothing could be aſk'd of the King but
March.
what muſt be ſatisfied at their Charge,
Indeed the Marquis of Hamilton's whoſe Damage they conſider'd, though
neighbourly Reſidence with his Fleet it was to be procurd at the Expence of
and Foot Soldiers before Leith, with- the King's Honour. When the Co-
out any Shew of Hoſtility, or any venanters underſtood by their Intelli-
Cate taken to draw his Friends and gence; that the Seaſon was ripe, they
Followers together for the King's Ser- lent their Supplication (of which they
vice; on the other side, the Viſits his had ſcatter'd ſo many Copies) to the
Mother made him on Board his Ship, King, and found themſelves ſo welcome
who was a Lady of great Authority to all Perſons, that their Modeſty was
among the Covenanters, and not ad not like to ſuffer any Violence in offer-
dicted to them and their Covenant, her. ing the Conditions.
Daughters being likewiſe married to The Scots had from the beginning,
practiſed
56
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
practiſed a new ſturdy Style of Addreſs, it very convenient for himſelf. There
in which, under the Licence of ac was no other of his Council of name but
.cuſing the Counſel and Carriage of o the General, the Earl of Arundel, who
thers, whom yet they never nam’d, was always true to the Character under
they bitterly and infolently reproach'd which he has been delivered, and
the moſt immediate Actions and Dire. thought he had been General long
etions of his Majeſty himſelf; and then enough. All the Luftre of the Court
made the greateſt Profeſſions of Duty was in that part of the Nobility which
to his Majeſty's Perſon that could be attended upon Command, at their own
invented. The King had not, at that Charge; and therefore the more weary
Time, one Perſon about him of his of it. The Earl of Pembroke hath been
Council who had the leaſt Conſidera- forgotten, who abhorred the War as
tion of his own Honour, or Friendſhip obſtinately as he loved Hunting and
for thoſe who ſat at the Helm of Af- Hawking, and ſo was like to promote
fairs: The Duke of Lenox only except- all Overtures towards Accommodation
ed; who was a Young Man of ſmall with great Importunity; ſo the Scots
Experience of Affairs, though a Man found Perſons to treat with according
of great Honour, and very good Parts, to their own wiſh. The Earl of Elex
and under the Diſadvantage of being ſtill preſerving his Grandeur and Pun-
look'd upon as a Scots-man; which he ctuality, poſitively refus'd to meddle in
was not in his Affections at all, being the Treaty, or to be communicated
born in England of an Engliſh Mother, with, or ſo much as to be preſent, or
and having had his Education there; receive any Viſits from the Scotiſh Com-
and had indeed the Manners and Af- miſſioners till after the Pacification was
fections of an Engliſh-man, and a Duty concluded.
and Reverence for the King and the The Covenanters were firm, and ad-
Church accordingly; and would never her'd ſtill to their old natural Principle,
truſt himſelf in thoſe Intrigues, as too even in this their Addreſs; juſtified all
myſterious for him.
they had done to be according to their
The reſt who were about the King in Native Rights, and for the better Ad-
any Offices of Attendance, were the vancement of his Majeſty's Service,
Earl of Holland, who we had occaſion which they had always before their Eyes ;
to mention before in the firſt Entrance and deſir'd to have thoſe receive ex-
upon this Diſcourſe, and whom we ſhall emplary Puniſhment, who had done thena
have often occaſion hereafter to ſpeak ill Offices and miſrepreſented their Car-
of; and therefore ſhall ſay no more of riage to the King ; and that ſome Noble
him. now, than that he neither loved. Lords might be appointed to treat upon all
the Marquis of Hamilton, whom he be- Particulars. “And upon no other Sub-
lieved the Scots intended to revenge miſſion than this, a Treaty was preſent-
themſelves upon; nor Wentworth the ly entred upon and concluded.
Deputy of Ireland; nor the Arch-Bi Whoſoever will take upon him to
Shop of Canterbury; nor almoſt any relate all that paſs'd in that Treaty,
Thing that was then done in Church or muſt be beholding to his own Inven-
State. Secretary Coke, who had all the tion; the moſt material matters having
Diſpatches upon his Hand, was near paſs'd in diſcourſe, and very little com-
eighty Years of Age ; a Man of Gravi- mitted to Writing. Nor did any two
ty, who never had Quickneſs from his who were preſent agree in the ſame Re-
Cradle; who lov'd the Church well lation of what was ſaid and done ; and
enough as it was twenty Years before; which was worſe, not in the fame Intos.
and underſtood nothing that had been pretation of the Meaning of
done in Scotland, and thought that no comprehended in Writing. An A xde
thing that was or could be done there, ment was made, if that can be calid
was worth ſuch a Journey as the King an Agreement in which no body meint
had put himſelf to. Sir Harry Vane what others believ'd he did : The Armies
was Comptroller of the Houſe, and a were to be Diſanded; an Ast of Oblivion
buſtling Man; who had Credit enough paſs'd; the King's Forts and Caſtles to be
to do his Buſineſsin all Places, and cared reſtor’d; cod an Aſſembly and Perlia-
for no Man otherwiſe than as he found ment to be call'd for full Settlemenit;
10
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
57
no Perſons reſeru'd for Juſtice, becauſe Proceedings which had been in the late
no Fault had been committed. The General Aſſembly at Glaſcow (by which
King's Army, by the very Words of all the Biſhops ſtood Excommunicated)
the Agreement, was not to be diſbanded and renewed all their Menaces againſt
until all ſhould be executed on their them by Proclamation ; and impos'd
Part; and the King himſelf, at that grievous Penalties upon all who ſhould
Time, reſolved to be preſent in the Af- preſume to harbour any of them in
ſembly at leaſt, if not in the Parlia- their Houſes ; ſo that, by the Time the
ment; but the Impatience of all was King came to London, it appear'd
ſuch for Peace, that the King's Army plainly, that the Army was diſbanded
was preſently diſbanded; his Majeſty without any Peace made, and the Scots
making all poſſible Haſte himſelf to in equal Inclination, and in more Repu-
London, and ſending the Earl of Tra- tation to affront his Majeſty than ever.
quaire to Edinburgh to 'prepare all Upon which a Paper publiſh'd by them,
Things for the Aſſembly; whilft the and avow'd to contain the Matier of the
Scots made all the Careſſes to many of Treaty, was burn'd by the Common
the Engliſh, and both breath'd out in Hangman; every Body diſavowing the
mutual Confidence their Reſentments Contents of it, but no Body taking up-
to each other.
on him to publiſh a Copy that they
The Marquis of Hamilton left his own’d to be true.
Fleet before Leith in a very peaceable The Miſchief that befel the King
Poſture, and came to the Berks ſome from this wonderful Atonement cannot
Hours after the Treaty was ſign'd; be expreſs'd, nor was it ever diſcover'd
which was very convenient to him, for what prevailed over his Majeſty to bring
thereby he was free from the Reproach it ſo wofully to paſs; all Men were
that attended it, and at Liberty to find aſhamed who had contributed to it, nor
Fault with it; which he did freely to had he diſmiſs’d his Army with ſo oblig-
the King, and to ſome others, where. ing Circumſtances as was like to incline
by he preſerv’d himſelf in Credit to do them to come willingly together again,
more Miſchief. Many were then of if there were occaſion to uſe their Ser-
Opinion, and ſtill are, that the Mar- vice. The Earl of Elex, who had
quis at that Time was very unacceptable merited very well throughout the whole
to his Countrymen ; and it is certain Affair, and had never made a falſe Step
that the chief Managers at the Treaty in Action or Counſel, was diſchargʻå
did perſwade the Engliſh in whom they in the Croud, without ordinary Cere-
moff confided, that their principal Aim mony; and an Accident happening at
was to remove him from the Court; the ſame Time, or very ſoon after, by
which was a Deſign willingly heard, the Death of the Lord Aſton, whereby
and univerſally grateful. But what- the Command of the Foreſt of Need.
ever State of Grace he ſtood in when wood fell into the King's Diſpoſal,
he came thither, he did himſelf ſo good which lay at the very Door of that Earl's
Offices before he parted, that he was Eſtate, and would infinitely' have grati-
more in their Disfavour. The fied him, was denied to him, and be-
King's Army was preſently diſbanded, ſtow'd upon another; all which wrought
and the Scots return’d to Edinburgh with very much upon his high Nature, and
all they deſired; having gotten many made him ſuſceptible of ſome Impreſ-
more Friends in England than they had fions afterwards, which otherwiſe would
before; kept all their Officers, and as not have found ſuch eaſy Admiſſion.
many of their Men as they thought fit, The Factions and Animoſities at
in Pay; and proſecuted all thoſe who Court were either greater, or more
had not ſhewed the ſame Zeal in their Co- viſible, than they had been before.
venant as themſelves, with great rigour, The Earl of Newcaſtle, (who was Gover-
as Men whoſe Affections they doubted; nor to the Prince, and one of the moſt
and inſtead of remitting any Thing of valuable Men in the Kingdom, in his
their Age againſt their Biſhops, they Fortune, and his Qualifications) had,
enter'd a publick Proteſtation, That at his own Charge, drawn together a
they did not intend, by any Thing con- goodly Troop of Horſe of two hun-
tained in the Treaty, to racete any of the dred; which for the moſt Part con-
16
Р
fifted
1
no
58
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ſiſted of the beſt Gentlemen of the Time after, Sir Harry Vane (who was
North, who were either allied to the Treaſurer of the Houſe) by the dark
Earl, or of immediate Dependance up- Contrivance of the Marquis of Hamil-
on him, and came together purely up- ton, and by the open and viſible Power
his Account; and called this Troop the of the Queen, made Secretary of State ;
Prince of Wales's Troop; whereof the which was the only Thing that could
Earl himſelf was Captain. When the make the Removal of the other old
Earl of Holland march'd with that Man cenſur'd and murmur'd at; and
Party into Scotland, the Earl of New- this was attended again with a declar'd
caſtle accompanied him with that Troop, and unſeaſonable Diſlike and Diſplea-
and upon Occaſion of ſome Orders, de- ſure in the Queen againſt the Lieute-
ſired that Troop, ſince it belonged to nant of Ireland, newly made Earl of
the Prince of Wales, might have ſome Stafford; who out of ſome Kindneſs
Precedence; which the General of the to the old Man, who had been much
Horſe refus’d to grant him, but re truſted by him and of Uſe to him, and
quired him to march in the Rank he out of Contempt and Déteſtation of
had preſcribed ; and the othero bey'd Vane, but principally out of a Deſire to
it accordingly, but with reſentment; have that Miſcarriage expiated by a
imputing it to the little Kindneſs that greater Sacrifice, oppos’d the Removal
was between them. But as ſoon as the of Secretary Coke with all the Intereſt
Army was diſbanded, he ſent a Chal- he could, got it ſuſpended for ſome
lenge to the Earl of Holland, by a Gen- Time, and put the Queen to the Exer-
tlemen very punctual, and well ac čiſe of her full Power to perfect her
quainted with thoſe Errands; who took Work; which afterwards produced
a proper Seaſon to mention it to him, many fad Diſaſters. So that this un-
without a Poſibility of Suſpicion. The happy Pacification kindled many Fires
Earl of Holland was never tuſpected to of Contention in Court and Country,
want Courage, yet in this Occaſion he though the Flame broke out firſt again
ſhew'd not that Alacrity, but that the in Scotland.
Delay expos'd it to notice; and ſo, by On the other side, the Scots got ſo
the King's Authority the Matter was much Benefit and Advantage by it, that
compos’d; though diſcours’d of with they brought all their other miſchievous
Liberty enough to give the whole Court Devices to paſs with Eaſe, and a prof-
occaſion to expreſs their Affections to perous Gale in all they went about.
either Party.
They had before little Credit abroad in
The King himſelf was very Melan- any Foreign Parts, and ſo could pro-
cholick, and quickly diſcern'd that he cure neither Arms nor Ammunition ;
had loft Reputation at home and abroad; and though they could lead the People
and thoſe Counſellors who had been at Home, out of the Hatred and Jea-
moſt faulty, either through want of louſy of Popery, into unruly Tumults,
Courage or Wiſdom (for at that Time yet they had not Authority enough o-
few of them wanted Fidelity) never af- ver thcin to engage them in a firm Rew
terwards recover'd Spirit enough to do folution of Rebellion ; the Opinion of
their Duty, but gave themſelves up their unqueſtionable Duty and Loyalty
thoſe who had ſo much overwitted to the King, was that which had given
them ;, every Man ſhifting the Fault them Reputation to Affront him: Nor
from himſelf, and finding fome Friend durít they yet attempt to lay any Tax or
to excuſe him; and it being yet neceſ-. Impoſition upon the People, or to put
ſary that ſo infamous a Matter ſhould them to any Charge. But, after this
not be cover'd with abſolute Oblivion, Pacification, they appear'd much more
it fell to Secretary Coke's turn (for whom conſiderable Abroad and at Home ;
no body cared) who was then near four Abroad where they were not ſo much
ſcore Years of Age, to be made the conſider'd before, now that they had
S.acrifice; and, upon Prerence that he brought an Army into the Field againſt
had omitted the Writing what he ought the King, and gain'd all they pretend-
to have done, and inſerted ſomewhat ed to delire without Reproach or Ble-
he ought not to have done, he was put miſh. France, their old Ally, look'!
out of his Onice; and within a ſhort upon them as good Inſtruments to dif-
turb
to
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
59
turb their Neighbours; and Cardinal much Reputation, that they had per-
Richlieu (who had never look'd upon ſwaded very many to believe, that they
the Defeat and Overthrow at the Iſle of had all manner of Fidelity to the King,
Ree, as any, Reparation for the Attempt and had too much Cauſe to complain of
and Diſhonour of the Invaſion) was ve the hard Proceedings againſt them by
ry glad of the Opportunity of diſturb- the Power of ſome of their own Coun.
ing the Reſt and Quiet, which had not trymen ; and the Acquaintance they
been favourable to his Deſigns; and made with ſome particular Lords, to
ſent an Agent privately to Edinburgh, that Degree, that they did upon the
to cheriſh and foment their unpeaceable Matter agree what was to be done for
Inclinations; and receiv'd another from the future, and how to obſtruct any
thence, who follicited Supplies, and Oppoſition or Proceedings by thoſe
communicated Counſels; he ſent them who were look'd upon as Enemies by
Arms and Ammunition, and promiſed both Şides : For none in Scotland more
them Encouragement and Aſliſtance diſliked all that was done in Court, and
proportionable to any Enterprize they the chief Actors there, than thoſe
ihould frankly engage themſelves in. Lords of England did; though they
Holland enter'd into a cloſer Correſpon- were not ſo well prepar’d for an Expe-
dence with them; and they found dient for the Curę.
Credit there for a great ſtock of Arms The People of Scotland being now
and Ammunition upon Security of Pay- reduced by them to a more implicit
ment within á Year; which Security Obedience, and no body daring to op-
they eaſily found a way to give. And poſe the moſt extravagant Proceedings
thus countenanced and ſupplied, they of the inoſt violent Perſons in Power,
ruickly got Credit and Power over the they loſt no Time, as háth been ſaid,
People at Home; and as ſoon as they to make all Preparations for a War
had form’d fome Troops of thoſe who they meant to purſue. Moſt of the
had been liſted by them under good King's Privy-Council and great Mini-
Officers (whereof ſtore reſorted to them ſters, who (though they had not vigq-
of that Nation out of Germany and Swe- rouſly performed theịr Duty in iupport
den) and allign'd Pay to them, they made of the Regal Power) till now had been
no longer Scruple to impoſe what Mo- ſo reſerv?d, that they ſeem'd not to ap-
ney they thought fit upon the People, prove the Diſorderly Proceedings, now
and to levy iť with all Rigour upon as frankly wedded that Intereſt as any
them who refuſed, or expreſsd any of the Leaders, and quickly became the
Unwillingneſs to ſubmit to the Impofi- Chief of the Leaders.
tion; and made the Reſidence of
any As the Earl of Argyle; who had been
amongſt theni very uneaſy, and very preſerv'd by the King's immediate
inſecure, who were but ſuſpected by Kindneſs and full Power, and reſcued
them not to wiſh well to their Proceed- from the Anger and Fury of his in-
ings; and ſo they renewd all thoſe cenſed Father who, being provoked
Forms for the Adminiſtration of the 'by the Diſobedience and Inſolence of
Government, which they had begun in his Son, reſolv'd ſo to have diſposid of
the beginning of the Diſorders, and his Fortune, that little ſhould have ac-
which they diſclaim'd upon making companied the Honour after his Death.
the Pacification; and refus’d to ſuffer But by the King's Interpofition, and in-
the King's Governor of the Caſtle of deed Impoſition, the Earl, in Strict-
Edinburgh (which was put into his neſs of the Law in Scotland, having
Hands about the very fame Time) ei- need of the King's Grace and Pro-
ther to repair ſome Works which were tection in regard of his being become
newly fall’n down, , or ſo much as to Roman Catholick, and his Majeſty
buy Proviſion in the Town for the Food granting all to the Son which he could
of the Garriſon.
exract from the Father, the old Man
But that which was the greateſt Be was in the end compelld to make over
nefit and Advantage that accru'd to all his Eſtate to his Son; reſerving only
them from the Agreement, and which ſuch a Proviſion for himſelf, as ſupport-
was worth all the reſt, was the Conver- ed him according to his Quality dur-
ſation they had with the Engliff with ſo ing his Liſe, which he ſpent in the
Parts
60
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Parts beyond the Seas. The King had Command; and that the Acceſs of the
too much Occaſion afterwards to re- Earl of Argyle to that Party, would
member, that in the cloſe, after his drive others as conſiderable from it, who
Majeſty had determined what ſhould be never did, or ever would unite with him
done on either Part; the old Man de- in any Deſign; and therefore advis'd
clar'd He would ſubmit to the King's That his Majeſty would require them to
Pleaſure, though he believ'd be was ſend ſome Perſons intruſted by their Body
bardly dealt with; and then with ſome to attend him, and give an Account of
Bitterneſs put his Son in mind of his the Reaſons of their Proceedings. They
undutiful Carriage towards him ; and demanded a ſafe Conduct for the Secu-
charg'd him to carry in his Mind bow rity of the Perſons they ſhould employ,
bountiful the King had been to him; which was ſent accordingly; and there-
which yet, he told him, He was ſure be upon ſome Perſons of the Nobility,
would forget : and thereupon ſaid to and others, were commiſſion'd to wait
his Majeſty, Sir, I muſt know this on the King; amongſt which the Lord
young Man better than you can do ; you Lowden was principally rely'd on for
have brought me low, that you may raiſe his Parts and Abilities; a Man who
him; which I doubt you will live to re was better known afterward, and whom
pent; for be is a Man of Craft, Subtil- there will hereafter be ſo often Occaſion
ty, and Fallhood, and can love no Man; to mention, as it will not be neceſſary
and if ever he finds it in his power to do in this place further to enlarge upon
you Miſchief, he will be ſure to do it. him. They behav’d themſelves, in all
The King conſider'd it only as the reſpects, with the Confidence of Men
Effect of his Paſſion, and took no other employ'd by a Foreign State ; refus’d
Care to prevent
it, but by heaping eve to give any Account but to the King
ry Day new Obligations upon him ; himſelf; and even to himſelf gave no
making him a Privy-Counſellor, and other Reaſon for what was done, but
-giving him other Offices and Power to the Authority of the Doers, and the
do Hurt, thereby to reſtrain him from Neceſſity that requird it ; that is, that
doing it ; which would have wrought they thought it necceſſary : But then
upon any generous Nature the Effect it they polith'd their ſturdy Behaviour
ought to have done. The Earl (for with all the Profeſſions of Submiſſion
his Father was now dead) came not to and Duty, which their Language could
Edinburgh during the firſt Troubles; afford.
and though he did not difſemble his At this Time the King happen’d to
Diſpleaſure againſt the Biſhops, becauſe intercept a Letter which had been ſign'd
one of them had affronted him, in by the chief of the Covenanters, and
truth, very rudely, yet he renew'd all particularly by the Lord Lowden, writ-
imaginable Profeſſions of Duty to the ten to the French King; in which they
King, and a Readineſs to engage in complain’d Of the Hardneſs and Inju-
his Service, if thoſe Diſorders ſhould ſtice of the Government that was exerci-
continue ; but after the Pacification, ſed over them; put him in mind of the
and diſbanding of the King's Army, Dependance this Kingdom formerly had
and the Covenanters declaring that upon that Crown ; and deſir'd him now
they would adhere to the Acts of the to take them into his Protection, and give
Aſſembly at Glaſcow, he made haſte to them Afiftance; and that his Majeſty
Edinburgh with a great Train of his would give entire Credit to one Colvil,
Family and Followers; and immedi- who was the Bearer of that Letter, and
ately
ſign’d the Covenant, engag'd for well inſtructed in all Particulars : And
the Proviſion of Arms, and raiſing the Letter it ſelf was ſeald, and direct-
Forces; and in all Things behav'd ed Au Roy ; a Style only uſed from
himſelf like a Man that might very Subjects to their natural King. This
ſafely be confided in by that Party. Letter being ſeen and peruſed by the
There wanted not Perſons ſtill who Lords of the Council, and the Lord
perſwaded the King that all might yet Lowden being examin'd, and refuſing
be ended without Blood ; that there were to give any other Anſwer, than That it
great Diviſions amongſt the chief Leaders, was writ before the Agreement, and
ihrough Emulations and Ambition of thereupon reſerv'el and 110ver fint; that
if
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
61
if he had committed any Offence, be ought and the Indignation they had at their
to be queſtion'd for it in Scotland, and Preſumption in their Deſign of invad-
not in England; and inſiſting upon his ing England, made it believ'd that a
ſafe Conduct, demanded Liberty to re Parliament would expreſs a very ſharp
turn: All Men were of Opinion that Senſe of their Inſolence and Carriage
ſo foul a Conſpiracy and Treaſon ought towards the King, and provide Reme-
not to be ſo ſlightly excuſed; and that dies proportionable.
both the Lord Lowden, and Colvil Upon theſe Motives and Reaſons,
(who was likewiſe found in London, and with the unanimous Conſent and Ad-
apprehended) ſhould be committed to vice of the whole Committee, the King
the Tower; which was done accord- reſolv'd to call a Parliament, which
ingly ; all Men expecting that they he communicated the ſame Day, or ra-
ſhould be brought to a ſpeedy Tryal. ther took the Reſolution that Day, in
This Diſcovery made a very deep his full Council of State, which ex-
Impreſſion upon the King; and per. preſs’d great Joy upon it; and direct-
ſwaded him that ſuch a foul Applica- ed the Lord Keeper to iſſue out Writs
tion could never have been thougt of, for the meeting of a Parliament upon
if there had not been more Poyfon in the third Day of April then next enſu-
the Heart, than could be expellid by ing; it being now in the Month of
eaſy Antidotes ; and that the Itrongeſt December ; and all Expedition was ac-
Remedies muſt be provided to root out cordingly uſed in ſending out the faid
this Miſchief: Thereupon he firſt ad- Writs, the Notice of it being moſt
viſed with that Committee of the Coun- welcome to the whole Kingdom.
cil, which uſed to be conſulted in fe That it might appear that the Court
cret Affairs, What was to be done was not at all apprehenſive of what the
That Summers Action had waſted all Parliament would or could do, and
the Money that had been carefully laid that it was conven’d by his Majeſty's
up; and to carry on that vaſt Expence, Grace and Inclination, not by any Mo-
the Revenue of the Crown had been tive of Neceſſity; it proceeded in all
anticipated ; ſo that, though the raiſing reſpects in the fame unpopular Ways it
an Army was viſibly neceffary, there had done, Ship-money was levy'd with
appeard no Means how to raiſe that the fome ſeverity; and the ſame Ri-
Army. No Expedient occur'd to them gour uſed in Eccleſiaſtical Courts,
fo proper as a Parliament, which had without the leaſt Compliance with the
been now intermitted near twelve Humour of any Man; which hook'd
Years. And though thoſe Meeting had like Steadineſs; and, if it were then
of late attended by ſome Diſorders, the well purſued, degenerated too ſoon af-
Effects of mutinous Spirits ; and the terwards.
laſt had been diſſolv'd (as hath been In the Interval, between the ſealing
fald before) with ſome Circnmſtances of of the Writs and the Convention of a
Paſſion and Undutifulneſs, which ſo far Parliament, the Lord Keeper Coventry
incenſed the King that he was left in- died ; to the King's great Detriment,
clinºd to thoſe Aſſemblies; yet this rather than to his own. He was a very
long Intermiſſion, and the general wiſe and excellent Perſon, and had a
Compoſure of Men's Minds in a happy rare Felicity, in being look'd upon ge-
Peace, and univerſal Plenty over the nerally throughout the Kingdom with
whole Nation, made it realonably be great Affection, and ſingular Eſteem,
lidvd, notwithſtanding the Murmurs when very few other Men in any high
of the People againſt ſome Exorbitan. Truft were ſo; and it is very probable,
cies of the Court, that ſober Men, and if he had liv'd to the ſitting of that
ſuch as lov’d the Peace and Plenty they Parliament, when, whatever lurk’d in
were poſſeſs'd of, would be made the Hearts of any, there was not the
Choice of to ſerve in the Houſe of Com; leaſt outward Appearance of any Irre-
mons; and then the Temper of the verence to the Crown, that he might
Houſe of Peers was not to be appre- have had great Authority in the form-
hended; but eſpecially the Opinion of ing thoſe Counſels, which might have
the Prejudice and general Averſion preſerv'd it from ſo unhappy a Diffolu-
over the whole Kingdom to the Scots, tion. His Loſs was the more manifeſt
17
Q
and
62
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and viſible in his Succeſſor ; the Seal irgs in Parliament; of a quick Con.
being within a Day or two given to ception, and of a ready and voluble
Sir John Finch, Chief Juſtice of the Expreſſion, dextrous in diſpoſing the
Court of Common Pleas; a Man ex- Houſe, and very acceptable to them.
ceedingly obnoxious to the People up. The Earl of Arundel, Earl Marſhal of
on the Buſineſs of Ship-money; and England, was made Lord Steward of
not of Reputation and Authority the King's Houſe ; an Officer necef-
enough, to countenance and advance fary in the beginning of Parliament ;
the King's Service.
being to ſwear all the Members of the
Theſe Digreſſions have taken up too Houſe of Commons before they could
much Time, and may ſeem foreign to fit there. Two Days after, the Com-
the proper Subject of this Diſcourſe; yet mons preſented their Speaker to the
they may have given ſome Light to the King, who, in the accuſtom'd Manner,
obſcure and dark Paſſages of that Time, approv'd their Choice ; upon which
which were underſtood by very few. they return'd to their Houſe, being
The Parliament met according to now form’d and qualify'd to enter upon
Summons upon the Third of April in any Debates.
the Year 1640, with the uſual Cere The Houſe met always at eighe of
mony, and Formality: And after the the Clock, and roſe at twelve ; which
King had ſhortly mention'd His Deſire were the old Parliament Hours; that
to be again acquainted with Parliaments, the Committees, upon whom the great-
after ſo long an Intermillion; and to re. eſt Burden of the Buſineſs lay, miglia
ceive the Advice and Aſiſtance of his have the Afternoons for their Prepara-
Subjeets there; he referr'd the Cauſe of tion and Diſpatch. It was not the
the preſent Convention to be enlargʻd Cuſtom to enter upon any important
upon by the Lord Keeper : Who re- Buſineſs, in the firſt Fortnight; both
lated the whole Proceedings of Scotland; becauſe many Members uſed to be ab.
His Majeſty's Condeſcenſon's the Year fent ſo long; and that Time was uſu-
before, in diſbanding his Army upon their ally thought neceſſary for the Appoint-
Promiſes and Profefrons ; their Inſolen- ment and Nomination of Committees,
cies fince ; and their Addreſs to the King and for other Ceremonies and Prepara-
of France, by the Letter mention'd be- tions that were uſual: But there was no
fore; which the King had touch'd up. Regard now to that Cuſtom ; and the
on, and having forgot to make the Appearance of the Members was very
Obſervation upon the Superſcription great, there having been a large Time
himſelf, he requir'd the Keeper to do between the iſſuing out of the Writs,
it; who told them after the whole Re- and the meeting of the Parliament, fo
lation, That his Majeſty did not expeet that all Elections were made, and re-
Advice from them, much leſs that they turn’d, and every Body was willing to
ſhould interpoje in any Office of Media- fall to the Work.
tion, which would not be grateful to him; Whilft Men gazed upon each other,
but that they ſhoul!,- as ſoon as might be, looking who ſhould begin (much the
give his Majeſty ſuch & Supply, as he greatelt Pirt having never before fate in
mnight provide for the Vindication of his Parliament) Mr. Pyn, a Man of good
Hordur, by roiling an Army, which the Reputation, but much better known
Seaſon of the Year, und the Progreſs the afterwards, who had been as long in
Rebels had already macie, celld for' with thoſe Affemblies as any Man then livings
out Delay; and his Majeſty aſſurd brake the Ice, and in a fet Diſcourſe of
them, if they would gratify bim with above two Hours, after mention of the
the Diſpatch of this Matter, that he King with the moſt profound Reve-
would give them Time enough afterwards rence, and Commendation of his Wil-
to repreſent any Grievances to him, and 'dom and Juſtice, he obſerved, That ty
a favourable 1:1ſwer to them: And ſo the long Intermilion of Parliaments,
diſmiſs'd the Commons to chooſe their many
many inwarrantable Tpings kad been
Speaker ; to which Serjeant Granvile practis:!, notwithſtanding the great Vir-
was deſign'd, and choſen the ſame tue f his Majeſty; apd then enumerat-
Diy: A Mi:: very equal to the Work, ed all the Projects which had been fet
very well acquainted with the Proceed on foo:; all the illegil Proclamations
t
which
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
o }
which had been publiſhed, and the Pro- any particular Man fould preſume to
ceedings which had been upon thoſe Pro- Speak againſt it with that Bitterneſs, and
clamations; the Judgment upon Ship- to call it an Abomination, was very of-
mony; and many Grievances which re- fenſive, and unwarrantable; and deſir'd
lated to the Ecclefiaftical Juriſdiction; that that Gentleman, who had usd that
fumming up ſhortly, and ſharply, all Expreſſion, might explain himſelf, and
that moſt reflected upon the Prudence, then withdraw. Very many cali'd him
and the Juitice of the Government; to the Bar; and the Sollicitor's Dif-
concluding That he had only laid that courſe was thought to have ſo much
Scheme before them, that they might ſee Weight in it, that Mr. Peard very
how much Work they had to do to ſatisfy hardly eſcap'd a ſevere Reprehenſion :
their Country ; the Method and Manner which is mention’d only that the Tem-
of the doing whereof he left to their Wif- . per and Sobriety of that Houſe may be
dons. Mr. Grimſton inſiſted only on taken notice of, and their Diffolution,
the Buſineſs of Ship-money; the irre- which ſhortly after fell out, the more
gular and prepoſterous engaging the lamented.
Judges to deliver their Opinion to the Though the Parliament had not fat
King, and their being afterwards divi- above ſix or ſeven Days, and had ma-
ded in their Judgments; and ſaid, He nag'd all their Debates, and their whole
was perſwaded, that they who gave their Behaviour, with wonderful Order and
Opinions for the Legality of it, did it a- Sobriety, the Court was impatient that
gainst the dictainen of their own Con no Advance was yet made towards a
ſcience. Peord, a bold Lawyer, of Supply; which was foreſeen would take
little Note, inveigh'd more paſſionate up much Time, whenfoever they went
ly againſt it, calling it an Abomination : about it, though never fo.cordially s
upon which, Herbert, the King's Sol- and therefore they prevaild with the
licitor, with all imaginable Addreſs, in Houſe of Peers, which was more en-
which he then excelld, put them in tirely at the King's Diſpoſal, that they
mind, with what Candour his Majeſty would demand a Conference with
had proceeded in That, and all other the Houſe of Commons, and then pro-
Things, which related to the Adminiſtra- poſe to them, by way of Advice, that
tion of Juſtice to all his People; that, they would begin with giving the King a
bow perſwaded ſoever he was within him- Supply, in Regard of the Urgency, nd
ſelf of the Juſtice as well as Neceſīty of even Neceſſity of his Affairs, and after-
levying Ship money, he would not ſend wards proceed upon their Grievances, or
out a Writ for the doing thereof, till be any Thing elſe as they thought fit; and
receiv'd the affifinative Advice of all the the Houſe of Peers accordingly did
Judges of England; and when the Pay- give their Advice to this Purpoſe at a
ment was oppos'd by a Gentleman (and Conference.
then he took Occaſion to commend This Conference was no ſooner re-
Mr. Hambden, who fat under him, for ported in the Houſe of Commons, than
his great Temper and Modeſty in the their whole Temper ſeem'd to be ſha-
Proſecution of that Suit) the King was ken. It was the undoubted fundamena
very well contented that all the Judges of tal Privilege of the Commons in Parlia-
England should determine the Right; ment, that all Supplies ſhould have
that never any Cauſe had been debated their Riſe and Beginning from them ;
and argued more ſolemnly_before the this had never been infringéd, or vio-
Judges; who, after long Deliberation lated, or ſo much as queſtion’d in the
between themſelves, and being attend- worſt Times ; and that now after ſo
ed with the Records which had been cited long Intermiſſion of Parliaments, that
on both sides, deliver'd each Man bis all Privileges might be forgotten, the
Opinion and Judgment publickly in the Houſe of Peers Thould begin with an
Court, and ſo largely, that but two Action their Anceſtors never attempted,
Judges argu'd in a Day ; end after all adminiſter'd too much Cauſe of Jealou-
zivis, and a Judgment with that Solem- ſy of ſomewhat elſe that was intended ;
13.ly pronounc'd for the King, by which and ſo with an unanimous Conſent they
th: King was as legally poſessid of that declar'd it to be so high e Breach of Prin
Right, as of any Thing elſe he had; that vilege, that they could not proceed upon
anv
64
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
any other Matter until they first receiv'd adjudged bis Right, was not willingly
Satisfaction and Reparation from the ſubmitted to by the People ; to manifest
Houſe of Peers; and which the next therefore his good Affe&tion to his Subjets
Day they demanded at a Conference. in general, he made this Propoſition,
The Lords were ſenſible of their Er- That if the Parliament would grant bim
ror, which had been foreſeen, and diſ- twelve Subſidies to be paid in three Years,
ſwaded by many of them; they ac in the Manner propos’d (that was, five
knowledgʻd the Privilege of the Commons Subſidies to be paid the firſt Year, four
as fully as they demanded it, and hop'd the Second, and Three to be paid the
they had not broken it by offering their laſt Year) bis Mijeſty would then releaſe
Advice to them without mentioning the all his Title of Pretence to Ship-money
Nature of the Supply, the Proportion or for the future, in ſuch a Manner as bis
Manner of raiſing it, which they con Parliament should adviſe.
feſs'd belong'd entirely to them: In fine, Though Exceptions might have been
they deſir'd them, That this might be taken again in point of Privilegé, be-
no Occaſion of waſting their Time, but cauſe his Majeſty took Notice of the
that they would proceed their own Way, Difference between the two Houſes;
and in their own Method, upon the Af- yet that Spirit had not then taken fo
fairs of the Kingdom. This gave no deep Root; ſo that they reſolv'd to en-
Satisfaction ; was no Reparation; and ter, the next Day after the Delivery of
ſerv'd their Turn who had no Mind to it, upon a full Debate of his Majeſty's
give any Supply, without diſcovering Meffage ; they who deſir’d to obſtruct
any ſuch Diffatisfaction, which would the giving any Supply, believing they
have got them no Credit, the Houſe ſhould eaſily prevail to reject this Pro-
generally being exceedingly diſpos'd to poſition, upon the Greatneſs of the
pleaſe the King, and to do him Service. Sum demanded, without appearing not
But this Breach of Privilege, which was
to favour the Cauſe in which it was to
craftily enlarg'd upon, as if it fwal- be employ’d, which they could not
low'd
up all their other Privileges, and have done with any Advantage to them-
made them wholly ſubſervient to the ſelves, the Number of that Claſſis of
Peers, was univerſally reſented. A Men being then not conſiderable in the
Committee was appointed to examine Houſe. It was about the firſt Day of
Preſidents of former Times, in Caſe of May that the Meſſage was deliver'd,
Violation of their Privileges by the and the next Day it was reſum'd about
Lords, though not of that Magnitude, nine of the Clock in the Morning, and
and thereupon to prepare a Proteſtation the Debate continu'd till four of the
to be ſent up to the Houſe of Peers, Clock in the Afternoon; which had
and to be entred into their own Jour- been ſeldom us'd before, but afterwards
nal; and in the mean Time no Pro- grew into Cuftom. Many obſerv'd
ceedings to be in the Houſe upon any That they were to purchaſe a Releaſe of
publick Buſineſs, except upon ſome an Impoſition very unjuſtly laid upon the
Report from a Committee.
Kingdom, and by purchaſing it, they
After ſome Days had paſs’d in this ſhould upon the Matter confefs it had been
Manner, and it not being in View just, which no Man in bis Heart ac-
when this Debate would be at an End, knowledgºd; and therefore wiſh'u That
the King thought of another Expe. the Judgment might be first examin’d,
dient, and ſent a Meſſage in writing to and being once declar'd void, what they
the Commons by Sir Harry Vane, who pould preſent the King with, would ap-
was now both Secretary of State and pear a Gift, and not a Recompen.ce :
Treaſurer of the Houſhold, and at that But this was rather modeſtly inſinuated
Time of good Credit there; wherein than inſiſted upon; and the greater
his Majeſty took Notice, that there was Number reflected more on the Propor-
ſome Difference between the two Houſes, tion demanded; which ſome of thoſe
which retarded the Tranſaetion of the who were thought very well to under-
great Affairs of the Kingdom, at a Time ſtand the State of the Kingdom, confi.
tuben a Foreign Army was ready to in- dently affirm'd to be more than the
vade it : That he beard the Payment of whole Stock in Money of the Kingdom
Ship-money, notwithſtanding tbat it was amounted to s which appeard fhortly
after
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
65
..
were
after to be a very groſs Miſcomputation. fir’d the Queſtion might be put, When
There were very few, except thoſe of ther the Houſe would conſent to the Pro-
the Court (who were ready to give all poſition made by the King, as it was con-
that the King would aſk, and indeed tain'd in the Meſage which would
had little to give of their own) who did have been ſure to have found a Nega-
not believe the Sum demanded to be tive from all who thought the Sum too
too great ; and wiſh'd that a leſs might great, or not pleas'd that it
be accepted, and therefore were wil. Thould be given in Recompence of
ling, when the Day was ſo far ſpent, Ship-money.
that the Debate might be adjourn'd till When many callid to have this Oue.
the next Morning; which was willing- ſtion, Serjeant Glanville the Speaker
ly. conſented to by all, and ſo the (who ſat by amongſt the other Mem-
Houſe roſe. All this Agitation had bers whilſt the Houſe was in a Com-
been in a Committee of the whole mittee, and had rarely us’d to ſpeak in
Houſe, the Speaker
. having left the fuch Seaſons) roſe up, and in a moſt
Chair, to which Mr. Lenthall, a Law- pathetical Speech, in which he excellºd,
yer of no eminent Account, was calld. endeavour'd to perſwade the Houſe To
But there was not, in the whole Day, comply with the King's Deſire, for the
in all the Variety of Contradictions, an Good of the Nation, and to refuncile bim
offenſive or angry Word ſpoken ; ex to Parliaments for ever, 'wk b this fea-
cept only that one private Country Gen- ſonable Teſtimony of their Affections would
tleman little known, faid, He obſerv'd infallibly do. He made it manifeſt to
that the Supply was to be employd in the them how very inconſiderable a Sum
ſupporting Bellum Epiſcopale, which he twelve Subſidies amounted to, by tel-
thought the Biſhops were fitteſt to do them- ling them. That be bad computed what
ſelves : But as there was no Reply, or he was to pay for thoſe twelve Subſidies ;
Notice taken of it, ſo their was no bo- and when he nam'd the Sum, he being
dy who feconded that envious Reflec- known to be poſſeſs’d of a great Eſtate,
tion, nor any other Expreſfion of that it ſeem'd not worth any farther Delibe-
Kind.
ration. And in the Warmth of his
The next Day as ſoon as the Houſe Diſcourſe, which he plainly diſcern'd
met, and Prayers were read, it reſolv'd made a wonderful Impreſſion upon the
again into a Committee of the whole Houſe, he let fall ſome ſharp Expreſ-
Houſe, the ſame Perfon being again fions againſt the Impoſition of Ship-
call'd to the Chair ; it was expected money, and the Judgment in the Point,
and hop'd, that there would have been which he ſaid plainly Was against the
ſome new Meſſage from the King, that Law, if he underſtood what Law was
might have facilitated the Debate ; but (who was known to be very learn'd)
nothing apppearing of that Kind, the which Expreſſion, how neceſſáry and
Propoſition was again read; and Men artificial foever to reconcile the Affec-
of all Sides diſcours'd much of what had' tions of the Houſe to the Matter in
been ſaid before, and many ſpoke with Queſtion, very much irreconcild him
more Reflection upon the Judgment of ai Court, and to thoſe upon whom he
Ship-money than they had done the had the greateſt Dependance.
Day paſt, and ſeem'd to wiſh, That There was ſcarce ever a Speech that
whatſoever they should give the King more gather'd up and united the Incli-
ſhould be a free Teſtimony of their Affece nations of a popular Council to the
tion and Duty, without any Releaſe of Speaker; and if the Queſtion had been
Ship-money, which deſervd no Confideo preſently put, it was believ'd the Num-
ration, but in a ſhort Time would appear ber of the Diflenters would not have
void ard null. And this ſeem'd to a- appear'd great. But after a fhort Si-
gree with the Senſe of ſo great a Part lence, fome Men, who wiſh'd well to
of the Houſe, that Mr. Ilambilen the the Main, expreſs’d a Dilike of the
moſt popular Man in the Houſe (the Way, ſo that other Men recover'd new
fame who had defended the Suit againſt Courage, and callid again with ſome
the King in his own Name, upon the Earnctneſs, That the Queſtion formerly
Illegality of Ship-money) thought the propes'd by Mi. Humbden jould be put;
Matter ripe for the Queſtion, and de- which ſeem'd to meet with a Concur.
R
rence.
18
66
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
rence,
Mr. Hyde then ſtood up, and King e Stepply, if it were not in the Propor-
defir'd That Queſtion might not be put; tion and Manner propos’d in his 11ejoſly's
ſaid, it was a captious Queſtion, to Melage, it would not be accepted lry biii;
which only one Sort of Men would clearly and therefore deſir’d that Queſtion inight
give their Vote, which were they who be laid aſide ; which being again urg'd
were for a Rejection of the King's Pro- by the Sollicitor General upon the Au-
poſition, and no more reſuming the Debate thority of what the other had declar'd,
upon that Subje£t ; but that they who de- and other Privy-Counſellors ſaying no-
fired to give the King a Supply, as he thing, though they were much dif-
believ'd most did, though not in ſuch a pleas'd with the Secretary's Averment,
*Proportion, nor it may be, in that Man- the Buſineſs was no more preſs’d: But
ner, could receive no Satisfaction by that it being near five of the Clock in the
Queſtion ; and therefore he propos’d, to Afternoon, and every body weary, it
the End that every Man might frankly was willingly conſented to that the
give his Yea, or his No, that the Que- Houſe ſhould be adjourn’d till the next
stion inight be put only upon the giving Morning.
the King a Supply, which being carried Both Sir Henry Vene, and the Sol-
in the. Affirmative, another Queſtion licitor General (whoſe Opinion was of
'
aight boiupon the Proportion, and the more Weight with the King than the
Manner ;* ind if the first were carry'd others) had made a worſe Repreſenta-
in the Negative, it would produce the tion of the Humour and Affection of
ſame Effeet, as the other Queſtion pro- the Houſe than it deſerv'd, and under-
pos'd by Mr. Hambden would do.
took to know, that if they came toge-
This Method was receiv'd by ſome ther again, they would país ſuch a Vote
with great Approbation, but oppos’d againſt Ship-money, as would blaſt that
by others with more than ordinary Revenue and other Branches of the Re-
Paſſion, and diverted by other Propo- ceipt ; which others believ'd they
Sitions, which being ſeconded took would not have had the Confidence to
much-Time, without pointing to any have attempted ; and very few, that
Concluſion. In the End Serjeant Glan- they would have had the Credit to have
ville ſaid, That there had been a Queſtion compaſs’d. What follow'd in the next
proposºd by his Countryman, that agreed Parliament, within leſs than a Year,
very well with his Senſe, and mov'd that made it believ'd, 'that Sir Henry Vene
the Gentlemen might be callid upon to acted that Part maliciouſly, and to
propoſe it again. Mr.Hyde ſtated the bring all into Confuſion; he being
Caſe again as he had done, anſwer'd known to have an implacable Hatred
ſomewhat that had been ſaid againſt it, againſt the Earl of Strafford, Lieute-
and mov'd 'That Queſtion might be put. nant of Ireland, whoſe Deſtruction was
Whereupon for a long Time there was then upon the Anvil. But what tranf-
nothing ſaid, but a confus’d Clamour, ported the Sollicitor, who had none of
and cal], Mr, Hambden's Queſtion, Mr. the Ends of the other, could not be
Hyde's Queſtion ; the Call appearing imagin’d, except it was his Pride, and
much ſtronger for the laſt than the for- Peeviſhneſs, when he found that he was
mer; and it was generally believ'd like to be of leſs Authority there, than
that the Queſtion had been put, and he look'd to be; and yet he was heard
carried in the Affirmative, though it with great Attention, though his Parts
was poſitively oppos’d by Herbert the were moſt prevalent in puzzling and
Sollicitor General, for what Reaſon no perplexing that Diſcourſe he meant to
Man could imagine, if Sir Henry Vane crois. Let their Motives be what they
the Secretary had not ſtood up, and would, they two, and they only,
faid, That, as it had been always his wrought ſo far with the King, that
Cuſtom to deal plainly and clearly with without ſo much Deliberation as the Af-
thot Houſe in all Things, so he coulil not fiir was worthy of, his Majeity the next
but now aſure them, that the putting, Morning, which was on the Fifth of
and carrying that Quefliol, coulil be of Miy, near a Month after their first
110 Uje ; for that he cells mest fure, and Meeting, ſent for the Speaker to attend
hard Authority to tell them ſo, that if him, and took Care that he ſhould go
they M.011!!! pas e Tcie fer the giring the directly to the Houſe of Peers, upon
ſome
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
67
Out.
fome Apprehenſion that if he had gone jeſty would refuſe, was heartily ſorry
to the Houſe of Commons, that Houſe for what he had done; declar'd with
would have entred upon ſome ingrate- great Anger, That he had never giveir
ful Diſcourſe'; which they were not in- bim ſuch Authority; and that be knew
clin’d to do: and then ſending for that well that the giving binany SPP'y coorld
Houſe to attend him, the Keeper, by have been welcome to him, becauſe the
his Majeſty's Command, diſſolv'd the Reputation of bis Si:bjects cfjting bim
Parliament.
in that Conjun&ture, was all that be
There could not a greater Dimp look'd for, and confider'd. He conſult-
have ſeiz'd upon the Spirits of the ed the fame Day or the next, whether
whole Nation, than this Diffolution he might by his Proclamation recall
caus'd ; and Men had much of the Mi- them to meet together agxin ; but find-
fery in view, which ſhortly after felling that impoſſible, he fell roundly to
It could never be hop'd that find out all Expedients for raiſing of
more ſober and diſpaſſionate Men would Money, in which he had ſo wonder-
ever meet together in 'tnat Place, or fuļ ſucceſs, that, in leſs than three
fewer who brougha ill Purpofes with Weeks, by the voluntary Loan of the
them; nor could any Man imagine particular Lords of the Council, and of
what Offence they had given, which other private Gentlemen about the City,
put the King upon that Reſolution. ſome relating to the Court, and others
But it was obferved, that in the Coun- Strangers to it, there was no leſs than
tenances of thoſe who had moit oppos'd three hundred thouſand Pounds paid in-
all that was deſired by his Majeſty, to the Exchequer to be iſſued out as his
there was a marvellous Serenity; nor Majeſty ſhould direct; a Sum that ſuf-
could they conceal the Joy of their ficiently manifefted the Plenty of that
Hearts : for they knew enough of what Time, and greater than moit Princes
was to come, to conclude that the in Europe could have commanded in ſo
King would be ſhortly compellid to ſhort a Time, and was an unanſwer-
call another Parliament, and they were able Evidence, that the Hearts of his
as fure, that ſo many, ſo unbiaſs'd Subjects were not then alien'd from their
Men, would never be elected again. Duty to the King, or a juſt. Jealouſy
Within an Hour after the Diffolving, for his Honour.
Mr. Hyde met Mr. St. John, who had All Diligence was uſed in making
naturally a great Cloud in his Face, and Levies, in which few of the General
very ſeldom was known to ſmile, but Officers which had been employed the
then had a moft chearful Aſpect, and Year before were made uſe of; though
feeing the other melancholick, as in it was great Pity that the Earl of Elex
Truth he was from Heart, alk'd him, was not again taken in ; which had in-
What troubled bim? who anſwer'd, fallibly preſerv'd him from ſwerving
That the ſame tha! troubled him, he be- from his Duty, and he would have dif-
lived troubled mojt Good-men; that in charged his Truſt with Courage and
fucb a Time of Confuſion, so wiſe a Par- Fidelity, and therefore probably with
licment, wbicb alone could bave found Succeſs ; but he was of a haughty Spi-
Remedy for it, was so unfo@fonably dif- rit, and did not think his laſt Summer's
miſsd: The other anſwered with a lit- Service ſo well requited, that he was
tle Warmth, That all was well; and earneſtly to follicit for another Office;
that it muſt be IVorſi, before it could be though there is no doubt but he would
Better; and that this Parliament could have accepted it, if it had been of-
never bare done what was neceſſary to be fer’d.
done ; as indeed it would not, what he A General was appointed, the Earl
and his Friends thought neceffary. of Northumberland; and the Lord Con-
The King, when he had better re- way General of the Horſe; which
fieEted upon what was like to fall out, made the great Officers of the former
and was better informed of the Temper Year, the Earl of Arundel, the Earl of
and Duty of the Houle of Commons, Elex, and the Earl of Holland (who
and that they had voted a Supply, if thought theniſelves free from any Over-
Sir Henry Vane had not hindred it by ſights that had been commited) more
ſo poſitive a Declaration that his Ma- capable of Infuſions by thoſe who were
ready
68
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ready to work acording to the Occur- caſions, and in the beſt Companies
rences upon their ſeveral Conſtitutions. He was of a very pleaſant and inoffen-
But the Reputation of the Earl of Nor- ſive Converſation, which made him
thumberland, who had indeed arriv'd at generally very acceptable : ſo that the
a wonderful general Eſtimation, was Court being at that time full of Faction,
believ'd to be moſt inſtrumental in it; very few loving one another, or thoſe
and the Lord Conway was thought an reſorted to any who were not lov'd by
able Soldier, and of great Parts. Be- them, he alone was even domeſtick
ſides, the Earl of Elex and Holland with all, and not ſufpected by either of
were thought leſs governable by thoſe the Lords or the Ladies Factions.
Councils to which the main was then to The War was generally thought to
af
be entruſted, the Earl of Strafford bear- be as well provided for, as, after the laſt
ing a Part in them; to whom the firſt Years miſcarriage, it could be, by his
was very averſe, and the latter irrecon-' being made General of the Horſe ; and
cileable.
no Man was more pleaſed with it, than
Diſpatches were ſent into Ireland to the Arch-Biſhop of Canterbury, who
quicken the Preparations there, which had contracted an extraordinary Opinion
the Earl had left in a great Forward- of this Man, and took great Delight in
neſs, under the Care of the Earl of Or- his Company, he being well able to ſpeak
mond his Lieutenant General : Money's in the Affairs of the Church, and ta-
iſſued out for the Levies of Horſe and king Care to be thought by him a very
Foot there, and for the making a zealous Defender of it; when they who
Train ; all which were as well advanced, knew him better, knew he had no kind
as, conſidering the general Diſcom- of Senſe of Religion, and thought all
poſure, could be reaſonably expected. was alike. He was ſent down with the
The King, the Earl of Northumber- firſt Troops of Horſe, and Foot, which
land, and the Earl of Strafford, thought were levied, to the Borders of Scotland,
they had well provided for the worſt in to attend the Motion of the Enemy,
making the Lord Conway to be Gepe- and had a Strength ſufficient to ſtop
ral of the Horſe: a Man very dear to them if they ſhould attempt to paſs the
the two Earls; and indeed, by a very River, which was not fordable in above
extraordinary Fate; he had got a very one or two Places, there being good
particular Intereſt and Eſteem in many Garriſons in Berwick and Carliſle
. And
worthy Men of very different Qualifi- in this poſture he lay near Newburn in
cations. He had been born a Soldier the out-ſkirts of Norihumberland.
in his Father's Garriſon of the Brill, Whilſt theſe Things were thus pub-
when he was Governor there ; and bred lickly acted, private Agitations were
up, in ſeveral Commands, under the not leſs vigorouſly intended. The
particular Care of the Lord Vere; Treaty and Pacification of the former
whoſe Nephew he was ; and though he Year, had given an Opportunity of
was married young, when his Father forming Correſpondencies, and con-
was Secretary of State, there was no triving Deſigns, which had been more
Action of the Engliſh either at Sea or clandeſtine ; and the late meeting in
Land, in which he had not a conſiderable Parliament had brought many together,
Command; and always preſervºd a more who could not otherwiſe have met, and
than ordinary Reputation, in ſpite of diſcovered Humours and Affections,
ſome great Infirmities, which uſe to be which could not elſe have been ſo eaſily
a great Allay to the Credit of active communicated. The Court was full
Men ; for he was a voluptuous Man in of Faction and Animoity, each Man
eating and drinking, and of great more intending the Ruin of his Adver-
Licence in all other Exceſſes, and yet fary, and ſatisfying his private Malice,
was very acceptable to the ſtricteſt, and than advancing his Maſter's Service, or
the graveſt Men of all Conditions. complying with his publick Duty, and
And which was ſtranger than all this, to that purpoſe directing all their End
he had always reſerved ſo much Time deavours, and forming all their Inter-
for his Books and Study, that he was
courſe ;
whilſt every Man unwiſely
well verſed in all Parts of Learning, it thought him whom he found an Ene-
leaſt appear'd like ſuch a one in all Oc- my to his Enemies, a Friend to all his
other
.
:
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
69
was
other Affections ; or rather by the Nar- from his Impriſonment ; without im-
towneſs of his Underſtanding, and Ex- parting that Reſolution to the Council ;
tent of his Paſſion, contracted all his and after a few Days Admittance and
other Affections to that one of Revenge. kind Reception at White-Hall
And by this Means thoſe Emiffaries diſmiſs d into Scotland; his Authority
for the Confuſion which was to follow and Power with that People being as
were furniſh'd with Opportunity and conſiderable as any Man's, and his
Art to intangle all thoſe (and God Conduct as neceſſary for the Enterpri-
great many). who žes they had in hand. This Stratagem
were tranſported with thoſe vulgar and was never underſtood; and was then
vile Conſiderations; cheap, ſenſeleſs variouſly ſpoken of; many believing hę
Libels were ſcatter'd about the City, had undertaken great Matters for the
and fix'd upon Grates and publick re- King in Scotland, and to quiet' that
markable Places, traducing and vilify- Diſtemper; others, that it was an Act
ing thoſe who were in higheſt Truſt entirely compaſs’d by the Marquis of
and Employment: Tumults were raiſed, Hamilton, who was like to ſtand in
and all 'Licence both in Actions and need of great Supporters, by that ex-
Words taken; inſomuch as a Rabble of traordinary Obligation to endear him-
mean, unknown, diffolute Perſons, to ſelf with that Nation; or to commu-
the Number of fome thouſands , at nicate ſomewhat to that Nation, if his
tempted the Houſe of the Lord Arch- Condition before were ſo good that it
Biſhop of Canterbury at Lambeth, with needed no Endearment. They whº
open Profeſſion and Proteſtation, that publiſh'd their Thoughts leaſt,' made
they would tear him in Pieces, which no Scruple of ſaying, That if the Policy
(though one of that Rabble, a Sailor, were good and neceſſary of his first Com-
was apprehended and executed in South.mitment, it ſeem'd as just and prudent 10
wark, upon an Indictment of high have continued him in that Reſtraint.
Treaſon) was ſo juſt a Cauſe of Terror, The Progreſs in the King's Advance
that the Arch-Biſhop, by the King's for Scotland, was exceedingly hinderd
Command, lodg'd for ſome Days and by the great and dangerous Sickneſs of
Nights in White-Hall; which Place the Earl of Northumberland the General :
likewiſe was not unthreaten'd in their whoſe Recovery was either totally de.
ſeditious Meetings and Diſcourſes. This ſpair'd of by the Phyſitian, or pronoun-
infamous, ſcandalous, headleſs Inſur- ced to be expected very Nowly ; ſo that
rection, quaſh'd by the deſerv`d Death there would be no Poſſibility for him
of that one Varlet, was not thought to to derform the Service of the North :
be contriv'd or fomented by any Perſons Whereupon he ſent to the King, to de-
of Quality; yet it was diſcourſed after fire that he would make Choice of ano-
in the Houſe of Commons by Mr. ther General. And though the Lord Con-
Strode (one of thoſe Ephori who moſt wey in all his Letters ſent Advertiſement,
avow'd the curbing and ſuppreſſing of that the Scots had not advanced their Pre-
Majeſty) with much Pleaſure and Con- parations to that Degree that they would
tent; and it was mention’d in the firſt be able to march that Year, yet the King
Draught of the firſt Remonſtrance had much better Intelligence that they
(when the ſame was brought in by Mr. were in Readineſs to move ; and ſo
Pym) not without a Touch of Appro- concluded that it was neceſſary to ſend
bation, which was for that Reaſon another General ; and deſign'd the
ſomewhat alter'd, though it ſtill carri- Earl of Strafford for that Command,
ed nothing of Cenſure upon it in that and to leave the Forces in Ireland,
Piece.
which were raiſed to make a Diverſion in
Things ſtanding thus both in Court Scotland, to be govern'd by the Earl of
and City, and the Scots preparing with Ormond. The Earl of Strafford was
great Induſtry for Invaſion, and we, at ſcarce recover'd from a great Sickneſs,
leaſt, for a Defence, on a ſudden the yet was willing to undertake the Charge,
Lord Lowden (who before 'was ſaid to out of pure Indignation to ſee how few
be committed for defiring Protection Men were forward to ſerve the King
and Aid from the French King, by a with that Vigour of Mind they ought
Letter under his Hand) was diſcharg'd to do; but knowing well the malicious
19
S
Deſigns
70
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Deſigns which were contriv'd againſt beaten by great Inequality of Numbers
himſelf, he would rather ſerve as Lieute as oft as they encounter'd, if they were
nant-General under the Earl of Northuin. not ſupported by Englih Troops.
berland, than that he ſhould reſign his In this posture the Earl of Strafford
Commiſſion : And ſo, with and under found the Army about Durbam, bring-
that Qualification, he made all poſſible ing with him a Body much broken with
Haſte towards the North, before he his late Sickneſs, which was not clearly
had Strength enough for the Journey. ſhaken off, and a Mind and Temper
But before he could arrive with the confeſſing the Dregs of it, which being
Army, that infamous irreparable Rout marvellouſly provok'd and infam'd
at Newburn was fall’n out; where the with Indignation at the late Diſhonour,
Enemy march'd at a Time and Place, reder'd him leſs gracious, that is, leſs
when and where they were expected, inclin’d to make himſelf ſo, to the Of-
through a River deep though forda- ficers, upon his firſt Entrance into his
ble, and up a Hill, where our Army Charge ; it may be, in that Maſs of
was ranged to receive them: Through Diſorder, not quickly diſcerning to
thoſe Difficulties and Diſadvantages, whom Kindneſs and Reſpect was juſtly
without giving or taking any Blows due. But thoſe who by this Time na
(for the five or fix Men of ours who doubt were retain’d for that Purpoſe,
were kill'd, fell by their Cannon, be- took that Opportunity to incenſe the
fore the paſſing of the River) they put Army againſt him; and fo far prevail'd
our whole Army to the moſt ſhaineful in it, that in a ſhort Time it was more
and confounding Flight that was ever inflam'd againſt him than againit the
heard of; our Foot making no leſs Enemy; and was willing to have their
Haſte from Newcaſtle than our Horſe Want of Courage imputed to Exceſs of
from Newburn ; both leaving the Conſcience, and that their being not
Honour; and a great deal of the ſatisfy'd in the Grounds of the Quarrel
Wealth of the Kingdom, ariſing from was the only Cauſe that they fought no
the Coal-Mines, to thoſe who had not better. In this Indiſpoſition in all
Confidence enough (notwithſtanding Parts, the Earl found it neceſſary to re-
the Evidence they had ſeen of our Fear) tire with the Army to the Skirts of
to poffeſs that Town in two Days af- Yorkſhire, and himſelf to York (whither
ter; not believing it poſſible that ſuch the King was come) leaving Northum-
a Place, which'was able to have main- berland and the Biſhoprick of Durban
tain'd the War alone fome Time, could to be poffefs'd by the Victors; who be-
be ſo kindly quitted to them: The ing abundantly ſatisfy'd with what they
Lord Conway never after turning his never hoped to poſſeſs, made no Haſte
Face towards the Enemy, or doing any
to advance their new Conqueſts
Thing like a Commander, though his It was very much wonder'd at, that
Troops were quickly brought together the Earl of Strafford, upon his firſt Ar-
again, without the Loſs of a dozen fival at the Army, call d no Perſons to
Men, and were ſo alham'd of their a Council of War for that ſhameful
Flight, that they were very willing as Buſineſs of Newburn, or the more
well as able to have taken what Revenge ſhameful quitting of New-Caſtle, where
they would upon the Enemy, who were not ten Barrels of Muſquet-Bullers,
were poffefs'd with all the Fears imagi- nor Moulds to make any; the Enemy
nable, and would hardly believe their having been long expected there, and
own Succeſs, till they were aſſur'd that our Army not leſs than a Month in that
the Lord Conway with all his Army Town; Time enough, if nothing had
reſted quietly in Durham, and then they been done before, to have made that
preſum'd to enter into New-Caſtle. Place tenable for a longer Time than it
But it ſeem'd afterwards to be a full could have been diſtrels'd. Whether
Vindication of the Honour of the Na- the Earl ſaw that it would not have
tion, that, from this infamous Defeat been in his Power to have proceeded
at Newburn, to the laſt entire Conqueſt finally and exemplary upon that Inqui-
of Scotland by Cromwell, the Scots Ar fition, and therefore choſe rather not to
my ſcarce perform'd one ſignal. Action enter upon it; or whether he found the
againſt the Engliſh, but were always Guilt to be ſo involv'd, that though
fome
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 71
ſome were more obnoxious, few were Anticipations upon the Reveriue to that
unfaalty; or whether he plainly dif- · Degree, that there was not left where-
cern'd to what the whole tended, and withal to defray the neceſſary Expence
ſo would not trouble himſelf further in of the King's Houſhold. A Parliament
diſcovering of that, which, inſtead of a would not be eaſily thought of on this
Reproach, might prove a Benefit to the Conſideration, that it could not come
Perſons concern'd; I know not : But together ſpeedily enough to prevent
publick Examination it never had. that Miſchief to which it ſhould be
The Scots had no riĉed now to ad- chiefly applied : For if we were not
vance their Progreſs; their Game was then in a Condition to defend our ſelves,
in the Hands of better Gameſters. Be- in forty Days (the fooneſt a Parliament
ſides, they were not to make the leaſt could meet) an Army elate with Victo.
Inroad, or to do the leaſt Treſpaſs to ry, when no Town was fortify'd, or
their Neighbours of Yorkſhire ; who Paſs ſecur’d, might run over the King-
were as follicitous, that they ſhould not dom ; eſpecially the People being every
be driven farther back; and therefore where ſo like to bid them welcome.
inſtead of drawing their Train’d Bands A New Invention, that had not been
together, which of themſelves would practiſed in ſome hundreds of Years,
have been a greater or better Army than was thought of, to call a great Council
was to contend with them, to defend of all the Peers of England to meet and
their Couritry, or the Perſon of the attend his Majeſty at York, within
King then with them, they prepard twenty Days; that by their Advice that
Petitions of Advice and good Counſel great Affair might be the more proſpe-
to him to call a Parliament, and to rouſly managed.
remove all other Grievances but the The Lords came to York to the great
Scots. At the ſame Time fome Lords Council in September ; and the firſt Day
from London attended his Majeſty at of their meeting the King declar'd to
York with a Petition, fign'd by others, them. That be was reſolvid to call a
eight or ten in the whole, who were Parliament to aſſemble at Weſtminſter
craftily perſwaded by Mr. Pym, Mr. the third Day of November following ;
Hambden, and Mr. Saint-John, to which was as ſoon as was poſſible. And
concur in it, being full of Duty and on the firſt Day of the Lord's meeting,
Modeſty enough; without conſidering a Petition is preſented to his Majeſty
that nothing elſe at that Time could full of dutiful and humble Expreſſions
have done Miſchief; and fo ſuffer'd from the Scots, who well knew their
themſelves to be made Inſtruments to- Time, and had always (how rough and
wards thoſe Ends which in Truth they undutiful ſoever their Actions were)
abhorr'd.
given the King as good and as ſubmif-
In theſe Diſtractions and Diſcompo- live Words as can be imagin'd. This
fures, between an Enemy proud and Petition, full of as much Submiſſion as
inſolent in Succeſs, an Army corrupted, a Victory it ſelf could produce (as was
or at beſt diſhearten’d, a Country mu- urgʻd by ſome Lords) could not but be-
tinous and inclin’d to the Rebels, at get a Treaty, and a Treaty was reſolvid
leaſt not inclin'd to reduce them, and on ſpeedily to be at Rippon, a Place in
a Court infected with all three, the the King's Quarters; but then ſpecial
King could not but find himſelf in Care was taken, by Caution given to his
great Straits ; beſides that his Treaſure, Majeſty, that no ſuch ungracious Per-
which had hitherto kept that which was fons might be intrufted by him in this
beſt from being worſe, was quite ſpent. Treaty, as might beget Jealouſies in the
The raiſing and diſbanding the firſt Ar- Scots, and ſo render it fruitleſs; and
my 'ſo unfortunately and wretchedly, therefore the Earls of Hertfort, Bedford,
had coſt full three hundred thouſand Pembroke, Saliſbury, Ejex, Holland,
Pounds, which the good Huſbandry of Briſtol, and Berkſhire. The Lords Man-
the Miniſters of the Revenue had trea- devile, Wharton, Dunſmore, Brook, Sa.
ſur'd up for an emergent Occaſion; and vile, Paulet, Howard of Efcrick (the
the borrowing of ſo much Money for Lord Say being ſick, and ſo not pre-
the raiſing and ſupplying this latter ſent at York) were choſen by the King;
Army, had drawn Alignments and all popular Men, and not one of them
of
72
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
of much Intereſt in the Court, but on- sons from about the King ; whoſe owit
ly the Earl of Holland, who was known gracious Diſpoſition and Inclination would
to be fit for any Counſel that ſhould be bountifully provide for the Happineſs of
taken againſt the Earl of Strafford, who all bis Dominions, if thoſe ill Men bed
had among them ſcarce a Friend or no Influence upon bis Counſels.
Perſon civilly inclin'd towards him. There was not a Man of all the En-
When theſe Commiſſioners from the gliſh Commiſſioners to whom this Kind
King arriv'd at Rippon, there came o. of Diſcourſe was not grateful enough,
thers from the Scots Army of a Quality and who did not promiſe to himſelf
much inferior, there being not above ſome Convenience that the Aterations
two Noblemen, whereof the Lord which were like to happen might pro-
And with thoſe Lords with
Gentlemen and Citizens, and Alexander whom they deſir'd to enter into a great-
Henderſon their Metropolitan, and two er Confidence, they conferr'd more o-
or three other Clergymen. The Scots penly and particularly, of the three
applied themielves moſt particularly to Perſons towards whom their greateſt
the Earls of Bedford, Eſex, Holland, Prejudice was, the Arch-Biſhop, the
and the Lord Mandevilen though in Earl of Strafford, and the Marquis of
publick they ſeem'd equally to careſs Hamilton (for in their whole Diſcourſes
them all ; and beſides the Duty they they ſeem'd equally at leaſt incenſed a-
profeſs'd to the King in the moſt fub- gainſt him, as againſt either of the
miſs Expreſſions of Reverence that other two) whom they reſolv'd ſhould
could be us'd, they made great and vo be remov'd from the King.
luminous Expreſſions of their Affe&tion This appear'd ſo hopeful a Model to
to the Kingdom and People of England; moſt of the King's Commiſſioners (who
and remembred the infinite Obligations having no Method preſcrib'd to them
they had from Time to Time receivd from to treat in, were indeed ſent only to
this Nation ; eſpecially the Afſtance they hear what the Scots would propoſe, the
had from it in their Reformation of Re- King himſelf then intending to deter-
ligion, and their attaining the Light of mine what ſhould be granted to them)
the Goſpel; and therefore as it could ne- they never conſider'd the Truth of
any
ver fall into their Hearts to be ungrate- of their Allegations, nor deſir’d to be
ful to, so they hop'd that the good People inforın’d of the Ground of their Pro-
of England, would not entertain any ill ceedings; but patiently hearken’d to all
Opinion of their coming into this King- they ſaid in publick, of which they in
dom at this Time in a Hoſtile Manner, tended to give an Account to the King;
as if they had the leaſt Purpoſe of doing and willingly heard all they ſaid in pri-
wrong to any particular Perfon, much vate, and made ſuch Uſe of it as they
leſs to alter any thing in the Government thought moſt conduc'd to their own
of the Kingdom; proteſting that they bad Ends. The Scottiſ Commiſſioners pro-
the ſame Tenderneſs of their Laws and poſed, That for the avoiding the effu-
Liberties, and Privileges, as of their fion of Chriſtian Blood, there might be
own ; and that they did hope that this fome Way found to prevent all Acts of
very Manner of their coming in might be Hoftility on either Side ; which could
for the Good of this Kingdem, and the not poſſibly be done, except fome Or-
Benefit of the Subjects thereof, in the giv- der was given for the Payment of their
ing them Opportunities to vindicate their Army, which was yet reſtrain'd to cloſe
own Liberties and Laws; which, though and narrow Quarters. And the Truth
not yet ſo much invaded as thoſe of Scot- is, they were in daily Fear that thoſe
land bad been, were enough infring'd by Quarters would have been beaten up,
thoſe very Men who had brought ſo great and ſo the ill Courage of their Men too
Miſery and Confuſion upon that Kingdom; eaſily diſcover’d, who were more taught
and who intended, when they had finiſk’ to ſing Pſalms, and to pray, than to
their work there, and in Ireland, to ea uſe their Arms; their Hopes of pre-
ſtabliſh the Same Slavery in England as vailing being, from the beginning,
they had brought upon the other tica founded upon an Aſſurance that they
Kingdoms. All which would be prevents ſhould not be put to Flight,
ed by the Removal of three or four Per There had been in thit infamous
Rout
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 73
Rout at Newburn two or three Of.. would not be able to do; and to-
ficers of Quality taken Priſoners, who wards this he labour'd with all In-
endeavouring to Charge the Enemy duſtry and Dexterity. The Duke of
with the Courage they ought to do, Richmond was young, and uſed to
being deſerted by their Troops could diſcourſe with his Majeſty in his Bed-
not avoid falling into the Scots Hands ; Chamber rather than at the Council-
namely, Wilmot, who was Commiſſary- Board, and a Man of Honour and Fi-
General of the Horſe, and 0 Neil who delity in all places, and in no degree
was Major of a Regiment; both Of- of confidence with his Country-men,
ficers of Name and Reputation, and of becauſe he would not admit himſelf in-
good Efteem in the Court with all thoſe to any of their Intrigues. The Mar-
who were incenſed againſt the Earl of quis had leave_to be wary, and
Strafford, towards whom they were would give his Enemies to new Ad-
both very indevoted. Theſe Gentle- vantages.
men were well known to ſeveral of the Nor indeed was there any Man's Ad-
principal Commanders in the Scots vice of much Credit with the King,
Army (who had ſerved together with but that of the Earl of Strafford; who
them in Holland under the Prince of had no reaſon to declare his Opinion,
Orange) and were treated with great upon ſo nice a Subject in the Preſence
Civility in their Camp; and when the of the Earl of Holland and Sir Harry
Commiſſioners came to Rippon, they Vane; and thought there was only one
brought them with them, and preſent- way to be purſu'd (which was not to be
ed them to the King by his Commif- communicated at the Council) and that
fioners, to whom they were very ac was to drive the Scots out of the King-
·ceptable; and did thoſe who delivered dom by the Army: and without con-
them more Service by the Reports they ſidering what was done at the Treaty
made of them in the Army when they (which had not yet agreed upon any
returned, than they could have done by Ceffation) he ſent a good Party of
remaining Priſoners with them. Horſe, Commanded by Major Smith,
After few Days the Commiſſioners to fall upon upon a Scotiſh Quarter in
return'd to the King at York, and gave the Biſhoprick of Durham, who defeat-
him an Account of what had paſs’d, ed two or three of their Troops, and
and of the extraordinary Affection of took all their Officers. Priſoners, and
the Scots to his Majeſty's Service; and made it manifeſt enough that the King-
Wilmot and O Neil magnify'd the good dom might be rid of the reſt, if it were
Diſcipline and Order obſerv'd in the vigorouſly purſu'd; which the Earl of
Army, and made their Numbers to be Strafford heartily intended. But Leſly,
believ'd much ſuperior to what in the Scotiſh General, complain’d that he
Truth they were.
himſelf had forborn to make any ſuch at.
Three of the Commiſſioners, and no tempt out of reſpeet to the Treaty; and
more, were of the King's Council, the the Engliſh Commiſſioners thought
Earls of Pembroke, Saliſbury, and Hol- themſelves neglected, and affronted by
land, who were all inſpired by the Scots, it. And when it was found that his
and lik'd well all that they pretended Officer who conducted that Enterprize
to deſire. Beſides thoſe, the King had was a Roman Catholick, it made more
no body to conſult with but the Lord noiſe; and they prevailed with the King
Keeper Finch, the Duke of Richmond, to reſtrain his General from giving out
the Marquis of Hamilton, the Earl of any more luch Orders.
S:rcfford, and Sir Harry Vane principal The King begun ſo far to diſlike the
Secretary of State. The firſt of which, Temper of the Commiſſioners, that he
the Lord Keeper, was obnoxious to ſo thought the Parliament would be more
many Reproaches, that though his Af- jealous of his Honour, and more ſenſi-
fection and Fidelity was very entire to ble of the Indignities he ſuffer'd by the
the Kirg, all his Care was to provoke Scots, than the Commiſſioners appear’d
no more Enemies, and to ingratiate to be; and therefore he ſent them
himſelf to as many of thoſe as he per- back to Rippon again to renew the
ceived were like to be able to pro- Treaty and to conclude a Ceſſation of
tect him, which he knew the Kirg Arms upon as good Terms as they.
T
could;
20
74
The Fliſtory of the Rebellion
could; ſo that the Scots Army might the Parliament; the Earl of Strefford
not advance into Yorkſhire, nor enlarge ſtaying ſtill in the North to put thự
their Quarters any Way beyond what Army into as good a Poſture as he
they were already poſſeſs’d of: And could, and to Tuppreſs the mutinous
this Conceſſion being agreed to, they Spirit it was inclin'd to; and if it were
ſhould not enter upon any other Parti- poſſible, to diſpoſe that great County
culars, but adjourn the Treaty to Lon- (of which he had the entire Command)
don; which was the only Thing the to a better Temper towards the King's
$cots. deſir’d, and without this they Service, and to a greater Indignation
could never have brought their Deſigns againſt the Scots ; of whom they did
to paſs. When the other Lords re not uſe to have too_charitable an Opi-
turn’d to Rippon, the Earl of Pembroke nion. But in both theſe Applications
was ſent with two or three other Lords he underwent great Mortifications; the
to London, with a Letter from the Officers of the Army every Day aſking
King, and a Subſcription from the his leave to repair to London, being
Lord's Commiſſioners of the Treaty choſen to ſerve in Parliament ; and
(which was then imore powerful) to when he denied to give them Paſſes,
borrow two hundred thouſand Pounds they went away without them : And
from the City, for the Payment of both the Gentlemen of the Country who had
Armies whilft the Ceſſation and Treaty moſt depended upon him, and been
ſhould continue; which they hop'd would oblig'd by him, withdrawing their Ap-
quickly be at an end, and the Scots return plication and Attendance, and entring
into their own Country. The City was into Combination with his greateſt E-
eaſily perſwaded to furniſh the Money, nemies againſt him.
to be repaid out of the firſt that ſhould It is not to be denied, the King was
be rais'd by the Parliament; which was very great Straits, and had it not in
very ſhortly to meer.
his Power abſolutely to chooſe which
The Commiſſioners at Rippon quick- Way he would go ; and well foreſaw,
by agreed upon the Ceffation ; and that a Parliament in that Conjuncture
were not unwilling to have allow'd fif- of Affairs would not apply natural and
ty thouſand Pounds a Month for the proper Remedies to the Diſeaſe ; for
Support of the Scots Army, when they though it was not imaginable it would
did align but thirty thouſand Pounds run the Courſes it afterwards did, yet
a 'Month for the Payment of the it was viſible enough he muſt reſign ve-
King's; and to have taken the Scottiſh ry much to their Affections and Appe-
Commiſſioners Words for their Muſters, tite (which were not like to be con-
which made their ·Numbers ſo much tain'd within any modeſt Bounds) and
ſuperior to the other : But that Sum of therefore no queſtion his Majeſty did
fifty thouſand Pounds a Month was af not think of calling a Parliament at
terwards reduc'd to about five and firit, but was wrought to it by degrees :
twenty thouſand ; and the whole a Yet the great Council could not but
mounting to above fifty thouſand produce the other ; where the Unſkil-
Pounds a Month, was a Sum too great fulneſs and Paſſion of ſome for Want of
for the Kingdom to pay long, as was diſcerning Conſequences, and a gene-
then generally believ'd. It was pre- ral Sharpneſs and Animoſity againſt
tended that two Months would put an Perſons, did more Miſchief than the
end to the Treaty; ſo that the two hun Power and Malice of thoſe who had a
dred thouſand Pounds, which the City form’d Deſign of Confufion : For
had ſupply'd, would diſcharge all the without Doubt that Fire at that Time
Diſbanding : And in this Hope the (which did ſhortly after burn the whole
King confirm'd the Ceffation, an fent Kingdom) might have been cover'd
a fafe Conduct for ſuch Cominiffioners under a Buſhel. So as in truth there
as the Scots ſhould think fit to ſend to was no Counſel fo neceſſary then, as
London for the carrying on the Treaty. for the King to have continued in his
All which being done, the King and Army, and to have drawn none thither
the Lords left York, that they might but ſuch as were more afraid of Diſho-
be at London before the beginning of rour chan Danger; and to have truſted
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 75
the Juſtice and Power of the Law with which exceeded all Limits, and cenſured
fuppreſſing of Tumults, and quieting all Degrees of Men: Of the inſolen:
Dilorders in his Rear.
Speeches of this Biſhop to that Nobleman,
But the King was without the Pre- and of the ill Life of anothers of their
fence and Attendance of any Man in own great Humility and Dusty to their
whoſe Judgment and Wiſdom he had ſacred Sovereign, without whoſe Fatour
a full Confidence; for the Earl of and Protection they would not live : And
Strafford was at the Army; and they laſtly, Of their ſeveral moſt ſubmiſſive Al-
who firſt propos'd the calling the Peers, dreſſes, by Petition and all other Ways
knew well enough that the King knew to his Majeſty, being deſirous, when
Parliaments too well to be inclin'd to their Grievances were but beard, to lay
call one if they ſhould propoſe it ; and themſelves and their Complaints at bis
therefore they propos d another Expe- Royal Feet, and to be moſt entirely diſ-
dient, which he knew not; and ſo was pos'd by him in ſuch Manner, as to bis
ſurpriz'd with the Advice (which he Wiſdom alone ſhould be thought fit; but
thought could do no Harm) and gave that by the Power and Interpoſition of
Direction for the iſſuing out of the their Adverſaries, all their Süpplications
Writs, before he enough conſider'd had been reječted, and they never yet ad-
whether it might not in truth produce mitted to be heard.
ſome Miſchief he had not well thought With theſe and the like Artifices the
of; as he quickly found.
good Lords were ſo wrought upon,
The next Error to this was, that at trat they eaſily conſented to whatever
the Meeting of the great Council at was propos'd ; nor was there any Pro-
York, and before any Conſent to the poſition made and inſiſted on by then
Treaty at Rippon, there was not a State at the firſt or fecord Treaty, which
made, and Information given of the was not for the Matier fully conſented
whole Proceedings in Scotland, and to;, whereas, if their Lordſhips had
thereupon ſome Debate and Judgment been fully advertis'd of the whole
by the whole Council before the Sixteen Truth, his Majeſty had full Power, by
depirted, for their Information and In- the Laws of Scotland then in force, to
ſtruction : And this had been ſtrange- make that Reformation he intended.
ly omitted before at the Pacification, The laſt and moſt confounding Er-
infomuch as many who had been em ror was renoving the Treaty to London,
ploy'd in that firſt at the Berks, and in and upon any Terms conſenting that
the laſt at Rippon, confeſs'd that none the Scottiſh Commiſſioners ſhould reſide
of them (and they were of the Prime there before a Peace concluded. By
Quality) then did, or ever after, know which Means, they had not only Op-
any thing of the Laws and Cuſtoms of portunity to publiſh all their Counſels
that Kingdom, but what they had re and Directions in their Sermons to the
ceiv'd at thoſe Meetings from the Per. People (who reſorted thither in incre-
ſons who were naturally to make their dible Numbers) and to give their Ad-
own Defence, and ſo by accuſing others vice, from Time to Time, to thoſe of
to make their own Caſe the more plau- the Engliſh who knew not ſo well yet
fible; in which it could not be expect- to compaſs their own Ends, but were
ed they would mention any Thing to ready (when any Buſineſs was too big
their own Diſadvantage.
and unweildy to be manag’d by the few
By them they were told Of a Liturgy who were yet throughly engag'd) to
impos’d upon them by their Biſhops, con- interpoſe in the Name of their Nation,
trary to, or without Act of Parliament, and with Reference to Things or Per-
with ſtrange Circumſtances of Severity fons to make ſuch Demands from and
and Rigour; of fome Clauſes in that.Li- on the Behalf of the Kingdom of Scoto
turgy, different from that of the Church land, as under no other Style would
of England, with pretty ſmart Com- have receiv'd any Countenance; and
ments of Advice, and Animadverſions this brought that univerſal Terror with
upon thoſe Alterations : Of a Book of it (.15 will appear to the Life in the
Canons in which an extraordinary and Proceſs of this Hiſtory) upon thoſe of
extravagant Power was aſſerted to the neareſt Relation to the King's Service,
Biſhops: Of a High Commiſion Court, as well as thoſe at a greater Diſtance,
Wha
و
76
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
who clearly diſcern'd and deteſted the quiſitive into more than they were rea-
Villany and Wickedneſs of thoſe Tranſ- dy to communicate, and for the rest
actions, that their Warineſs and Wif- depended upon their Diſcretion and
dom could not be great enough to pre- Judgment; and ſo prepar'd and dif-
ſerve them, if they did not ſtupidly pos'd, by ſecond and third Hands,
look on without ſeeming to underſtand many to concur and contribute to ſeve-
what they could in no Degree controul ral preparatory Actions, who would
or prevent.
never have conſented to the Concluſions
In all Conſpiracies there muſt be which naturally reſulted from thoſe
great Secrecy, Conſent, and Union ; Premiſes.
yet it can hardly be conceiv’d, with This united Strength, and humble
what entire Confidence in each other, and active Temper, was not encoun-
the numerous and not very rich Nobi- ter'd by an equal Providence and Cir-
lity of Scotland concurr’d in the carry. cumſpection in the King's Councils, or
ing on this Rebellion : Their ſtrange an equal Temper and dutiful Diſpoſition
Condeſcenſion and Submiſſion to their in the Court; nor did they who re-
ignorant and inſolent Clergy, who ſolv'd honeſtly and ſtoutly to diſcharge
were to have great Authority becauſe the Ofices of good Servants and good
they were to infame all Sorts of Men Subjects to the utmoſt Oppoſition of all
upon the Obligations of Conſcience ; unlawful Attempts, communicate their
and in Order thereunto, and to revenge purpoſes to Men of the ſame Integrity,
a little Indiſcretion and ill Manners of that ſo they might unite their Counſels
ſome of the Biſhops, had Liberty to e-
as well in the Manner and Way, as
rect a Tribunal the moſt tyrannical their Reſolutions in the End. But
over all Sorts of Men, and in all the every one thought it enough to preſerve
Families of the Kingdom: So that the his own Innocence, and to leave the
Preacher reprehended the Huſband, 'Reſt to thoſe who ſhould have Authori-
govern'd the Wife, chaſtis’d the Chil- ty to direct. The King was perplexed
dren, and inſulted over the Servants, and irreſolute, and according to his
in the Houſes of the greateſt Men. natural Conſtitution (which never dif-
They referr’d the Management and pos’d him to Jealouſy, of any Man of
Conduct of the whole Affair to a Com. whom he had once thought well) was
mittee of a few, who had never before full of Hope, that his Condition was
exercis’d any Office or Authority in the not ſo bad as it ſeem'd to be. The
Publick, with that perfect Reſignation Queen wiſh'd much better to the Earl
and Obedience, that no body preſum'd of Holland, than to the Arch-Biſhop or
to enquire what was to be done, or to the Earl of Strafford, neither of them
murmur at, or cenſure any Thing that being in any Degree acceptable to her ;
was done; and the General himſelf, ſo that ſhe was little concern'd for the
and the Martial Affairs, were ſubject Danger that threatned them: But when
to this Regimen and Diſcipline as well ſhe faw the King's Honour and Dignity
as Civil ; yet they who were intruſted invaded in the Proſecution, ſhe with-
with this Superiority, paid all the out drew her Favour from the Earl of Hol-
ward Reſpect and Reverence to the land; but then ſhe was perſwaded, by
Perſon of the General, as if all the thoſe who had moſt Credit with her, to
Power and Diſpoſal had been in him believe, that by the Removal of the
alone.
great Miniſters, her Power and Au-
The few Engliſh (for there were yet thority would be encreas’d, and that
but very few who were intruſted from the prevailing Party would be willing
the beginning of the Enterprize, and to depend upon her; and that by gra-
with all that was then projected) were tifying the principal Perſons of them
Men of reſerv'd and dark Natures, of with ſuch Preferments as they affected,
great Iuduſtry and Addreſs, and of ſhe would quickly reconcile all ill Hu-
much Reputation for Probity and In mours : And ſo ſhe hearkened to any
tegrity of Life, and who truſted none Overtures of that Kind; which were
but thoſe who were contented to be always carried on without the Conſent
truſted to that Degree as they were wil or Privity of thoſe who were concern'd,
ling to truſt them, without being in who in Truth more diflik'd her ab!o-
lute
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
77
lute Power with the King, than any great, and the Faction ſo ſtrong, to
other Exceſs of the Court, and look'd hinder his being elected in the City,
upon it as the greateſt Grievance. E- that four others were choſen for that
very Man there conſider'd only what Service, without hardly mentioning his
Application would be moſt like to raiſe Name; nor was there leſs Induſtry us’d
his own Fortune, or to do thoſe Harm to prevent his being choſen in other
with whom he was angry, and gave
Places ; Clerks were corrupted not to
himſelf wholly up to thoſe Artifices make out the Writ. for one Place, and
which might promote either. To pre: Ways were found out to hinder the
ſerve themſelves from the Diſpleaſure Writ from being executed in another,
and Cenſure of the Parliament, and to Time enough for the Return before the
render themſelves gracious to thoſe who Meeting : So great a' Fear there was,
were like to be powerful in it, was all that a Man of entire Affections to the
Men's Buſineſs and Sollicitude. And King, and of Prudence enough to ma-
in this very unequal_and' diſpropor- nage thoſe Affections, and to regulate
tion'd Condition and Temper, was the the contrary, ſhould be put into the
King's and the Scottiſh Army, the Chair. So, that the very Morning the
Court and the Country, when the Par- Parliament was to meet, and when the
liament met.
King intended to go thither, he was
inform’d that Sir Thomas Gerdiner was
The Parliament met upon the Third not return'd to ſerve as a Member in
of November, 1640, with a fuller Ap- the Houſe of Commons, and ſo was
pearance than could be reaſonably ex not capable of being choſen to be
pected, from the ſhorč Time for Elec- Speaker ; ſo that his Majeſty. deferr'd
tions after the iſſuing out the Writs ; his going to the Houſe till the After-
inſomuch as at the firlt not many Mem- noon, by which Time he was to think
bers were abfent. It had a fad and a of another Speaker.
melancholick Aſpect upon the firſt En Upon the Perufat of all the. Returns
trance, which preſagʻd ſome unuſual into the Crown Office, there were not
and- unnatural Events. The King him- found many Lawyers of eminent Name,
ſelf did not ride with his accuſtom'd (though many of them proved very e-
Equipage, nor in his uſual Majeſty to minent Men afterwards) or who had
Westminſter, but went privately in his ſerv'd long in former Parliaments, the
Barge to the Parliament Stairs, and af- Experience whereof was to be wiſh'd ;
ter to the Church, as if it had been to and Men of that“ Profeſſion had been
a Return of a Prorogued or. Adjourn’d moſt commonly thought the moſt pro-
Parliament. And there was likewiſe per for that Service, and the putting it
an outward Accident, which broke out of the Channel at tha: Time was
many of the King's Meaſures, and in- thought too hazardous : So that, after
finitely diſorder'd his Service beyond a all the Deliberation the Shortneſs of
Capacity of Reparation. From the . that Time would admit, Mr. Lenihall,
Time the calling a Parliament was re a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, was pitch'd
folvid upon, the King deſign’d Sir upon by the King, and with very great
Thomas Gardıner, who was Recorder of Difficulty rather prevailid with than
London, to be. Speaker of the Houſe of perſwaded to accept the Charge. And
Conimons; a Man of Gravity and no doubt a worfe could not have been
Quickneſs, that had ſomewhat of Au- deputed of all that Profeſſion who were
thority and Gracefulneſs in his Perſon then return'd; for he was a Man of
and Preſence, and in all Refpects equal very narrow timorous Nature, and of
to the Service.
no Experience or Converſation in the
There was little Doubt but that he Affairs of the Kingdom, beyond what
would be choſen to ſerve in one of the the very Drudgery in his Profeſſion (in-
four Places of the City of London, which all his Deſign was to make him-
which had very rarely rejected their ſelf rich) engag'd him in. . In a-Word,
Recorder upon that Occafion; and left he was in all Reſpects very unequal to
that ſhould fail, Diligence was us'd in the Work, and not knowing how to
one or two.other Places that he might: preſerve his own Dignity, or to reſtrain
be elected. The Oppoſition was ſo the Licence and Exorbitance of others,
U
his
a
21
78
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
his Weakneſs contributed as much to amiſs in the Government, as Done and
the growing Miſchiefs, as the Malice contriv'd maliciouſly, and upon Delibe-
of the principal Contrivers. However, ration, to change the wbole Frame, and
after the King had that Afternoon re- to deprive the Nation of all the Liberty
commended the diſtracted Condition of and Property which was their Birthright
the Kingdom (with too little Majeſty) by the Laws of the Land; theſe Calemi-
to the Wiſdom of the two Houſes of ties falling upon us in the Reign of a pi.
Parliament, to have ſuch Reformation ous and virtuous King, who lov'd bis
and Remedies applied as they ſhould People, and was a great Lover of Ju-
think fit, propoſing to them, as the ſtice. And thereupon enlarging in ſome
beſt Rule for their Counſels, That all ſpecious Commendation of the Nature
Things ſhould be reduced to the Praktice and Goodneſs of the King, that he
of the Time of Queen Elizabeth; the might wound him with leſs fufpicion,
Houſe of Commons no ſooner return'd he ſaid, We must enquire from what
to their Houſe, than they choſe Mr. Fountain theſe Waters of Bitterneſs
Lentball to be their Speaker ; and two flow'd; what Perſons they were who bad
Days after, with the uſual Ceremonies so far inſinuated themſelves into his Royal
and Circumſtances, preſented him to Affections, as to be able to pervert bis
the King, who declar'd his Accepta- excellent Judgment, to atuſe bis Name,
tion; and ſo both Houſes were ready and wickedly apply his Authority to coun-
for the Work.
tenance and ſupport their own corrupt.
There was obferv'd a marvellous e- Deſigns. Though he doubted there would
lated Countenance in many of the be many found of this Claflis, who had
Members of Parliament before they met contributed their Joynt Endeavours to
together in the Houſe; the ſame Men bring this Miſery upon the Nation ; yet
who fix Months before were obſerv'd be believ'd there was one more Signal in
to be of very moderate Tempers, and that Adminiſtration than the rest, being
to wiſh that gentle Remedies might be a Man of great Parts and Contrivance,
applied, without opening the Wound and of great Induſtry to bring what he
too wide and expoſing it to the Air, deſign'd to paſs; a Man, who irrthe Me-
and rather to cure what was amiſs, than mory of many preſent, bad ſate in that
too ſtrictly to make Inquiſition into Houſe an earriest Vindicator of the Laws,
the Cauſes and Original
of the Malady, and a most zealous Afertor and Champi-
talk'd now in another Dialect both of on for the Liberties of the People ;- but
Things and Perſons; and ſaid That that it was long fince he turnºd Apoftate
they must now be of another Temper than from those good Affections, and was be-
they were the last Parliament; that they come the greatest Enemy to the Liberties
must not only ſweep the Houſe clean be- of bis Country, that any Age had pro-
low, but must pull down all the Cobwebs ducºd. And then be namid the Earl of
which hung on the Top and Corners, that Strafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,
they might not breed Dust, and ſo make and Lord Preſident of the Council efta-
a foul Houſe bereafter; That they had bliſß'd in York for ibe Northern Parts
now an Opportunity to make their Coun- of the Kingdom; who, he ſaid, bad in
try bappy, by removing all Grievances, both Places, and in all other Provinces
and pulling up the Cauſes of them by the wherein bis Service had been us’d by the
Roots, if all Men would do their Duties; King, rais'd ample . Monuments of bis
and us'd much other ſharp Diſcourſe to tyrannical Nature; and that he believ'd,
the ſame Purpoſe : By which it was if they took a ſhort Survey of his Aations
diſcern'd, that the warmeſt and boldeſt and Behaviour, they could find bim tbe
Counſels and Overtures, would find a principal Author and Promoter of all
much better Reception than thoſe of a thoſe Counſels what had expos’d the King-
·more temperate Allay; which fell out dom to ſo much Ruin; And ſo inſtanc'd
accordingły : And the very firſt Day in ſome Actions done by him in
they met together, in which they could England and in Ireland, ſome proud
enter upon Buſineſs, Mr. Pyn, in a and over confident Expreſions in Dir-
long Diſcourſe, lamented the miſerable courſe, and fome paſſionate Advices he
Condition of the Kingdom, aggravated had given in the moſt ſecret Councils
all the Particulars which had been done and Debates of the Afilirs of State ;
adding
0
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 72
1
1
adding ſome lighter Paffiges of his Va- probation from the whole Houſe: nor
nity and Amours ; that they who were was there, in all the Debates, one Per-
not inflam'd with Anger and Deteſta- fon who offer'd to ſtop the Torrent by
tion againſt him for the former, might any favourable Teſtimony concerning
have leſs Eſteem and Reverence for his the Earl's carriage, ſave only that the
Prudence and Diſcretion : And ſo Lord Falkland (who was very well
concluded, That they would well conſider known to be far from having any Kind
how to provide a Remedy proportionable neſs for him) when the Propoſition was
to the Diſeaſe, and to prevent the farther made for the preſent accuſing him of
Miſchiefs they were to expect from the high Treaſon, modeſtly deſired the
Gontinuance of this great Man's Power Houſe to conſider, Whether it would
end. Credit with the King, and bis In- not ſuit better with the Gravity of their
fluence upon his Counſels.
Proceedings, firſt to digeſt many of thoſe
Mr. Pym had no ſooner finiſhed his Particulars which had been mentiond,
Diſeourſe, than Sir John Clotcvorthy (a by a Committee, before they ſent up to ac-
Gentleman of Ireland, and utterly un- cuſe bim; which was very frankly an-
known in England, who was, by the ſwer'd by Mr. Pym, That ſuch a Delay
Contrivance and Recommendation of mighi probably blaſt all their Hopes, and
ſome powerful Perſons, return'd to ſerve put it out of their power to proceed far-
for a Borough in Devonſhire, that ſo he ther than they bad done alrecdy; that
might be enabled to act this part againſt the Earl's Power and Credit with the
the Lord Lieutenant) made a long and King, and with all tboſe who had most
confus'd Relation of bis Tyrannical car Credit with King or Queen, was ſo
riage in that Kingdom ; of the Army be great, that when he ſhould come to knocco
bad raise there to invade Scotland; how that ſo much of his Wickedneſs was diſco-
ke had threatned the Parliament, if they verd, bis con Conſcience would tell him .
granted not fuch Supplies as he requir'd; what he was to expect; and therefore be
of an Qaih ke bad fram’d to be admi- would undoubtedly procure the Parlia-
niſter'd to ell the Scotiſh Nation, which inent to be diſfalvd, rather than undergo
inhabited. that Kingdom, and his ſevere the Juſtice of it, or take ſome other def-
Proceeding againſt Some Perſons of Qua- perate Courſe to preſerve himſelf, though
lity wha: refúsd to take that Oath ; and with the Hazard of the Kingdom's Ruin :
that he had with great Pride and Pafon Whereas, if they preſently ſent up to
publickly declared at bis leaving that impeach bim of High Treaſon before the
Kingdom, If ever be ſhould return to that Houſe, of Peers, in the Name and on the
Sword, he would not leave a Scotiſh-man Behalf of all the Commons of England,
to inhabit in Ireland: with a Multitude who were repreſented by them, the Lords
of very exalted Expreſſions.
would be obligd in Juſtice to commit hini
Then Sir John Hotham, and ſome into ſafe Cuſtody, and so sequeſter hin
other Yorkſhire-Men, who had receiv'd from reſorting to Council, or having Aca
ſome Diſobligation from the Earl in the ceſs to his Majeſty ; and then they ſhould
Country, continued the Invective, men- proceed against him in the uſual Form
tioning many Particulars of his imperi- with all neceſſary Expedition.
ous Carriage, and that he had in the To thoſe who were known to have
Face of the Country, upon the Exe no Kindneſs for him, and ſeem'd to
cution of ſome illegal Conimiifion, de- doubt whether all the Particulars al-
clar'd, that they should find the little ledg’d, being prov'd, would amount to
Finger of the King's Prerogative heavier High Treaſon, it was alledg’d, That the
::pon them than the Loins of the Laco; Houſe of Commons were not Judges, but
which Expreſſion, though upon after- only Accuſers, and that the Lords were
examination it was found to have a quite 'the proper Judges whether ſuch a Com-
contrary Senſe, marvellouſly increas'd pliçetion of enormous Crimes in one Per-
the Paffion and Prejudice towards him. Son, did not amount to the higheſt Offence
In concluſion, it was mov'd accord- the Law took Notice of, and therefore
ing to the ſecret Reſolution taken be- that it was fit to preſent it to them.
fore, that he might be forthwith Ima Theſe Reaſons of the Haſte they
peach'd of High Treaſon; which was no. made, ſo clearly deliver’d, gave that
fooner mention'd, than it found an Ap- univerſal Satisfaction, that without far-
ther
80
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
ther conſidering the Injuſtice and Un- fels ; and of what Conſequence fuch a
reaſonableneſs of it, they voted unani- Precedent might be to their own Privilege
mouſy That they would forthwith send and Birthright; and then withdrew.
up to the Lords and accuſe the Earl of The Peers with very little Debate re-
Strafford of High Treaſon, and ſeveral folv'd He should be committed to the Cu-
*other Crimes and Miſdemeanours, and ſtody of the Gentleman Uſher of the Black-
défire that he might be preſently ſeque- Rod, there to remain until the Houſe of
fered from the Council, and committed to Commons should bring in a particular
Safe Cuſtody; and Mr. Pyni was made Charge againſt him : Which Determi-
Choice of for the Meſſenger to perform nation of the Houſe was pronounced to
thật Office. This being determin'd, him at the Bır upon his Knees, by the
'tlre Doors were open'd, and moſt of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, upon
'the Houſe accompanied him on the the Wool-lack : And ſo being taken
Errand.
away by Maxwell, Gentleman Uſher,
It was about three of the Clock in Mr. Pyn was call'd in, and inform’d
the Afternoon, when the Earl of Straf- what the Houſe had done; after which
ford (being. infirm, and not well dif- (it being then about four of the Clock)
pos’d in his Health, and ſo not having both Houſes adjourn’d till the next
ſtirr'd out of his Houſe that Morning) Day.
hearing that both Houſes ſtill ſat, The next Art, was to make the Se-
thought ft to go thither. It was be- verity and Rigour of the Houſe as for-
lievºd by fome, that he made that Haftę midable as was poſſible, and to make
then to accuſe the Lord Say, and ſome as many Men apprehend themſelves
others, of having induced the Scots to obnoxious to the Houſe, as had teen in
invade the Kingdom ; but he was any Truſt or Employment in the King.
ſcarce enter'd into the Houſe of Peers, dom. Thus they paſs’d many general
when the Meſſage from the Houſe of Votes concerning Ship-money, in,
Commons was call'd in, and when Mr: which, all who had been High Sheriffs,
Pym at the Bar, and in the Name of all and fo collected it, were highly con-
the Commons of England, impeach'd čern'd. . The like ſharp Concluſions
Thomas Earl of Strafford of High Trea were made upon all Lords Lieutenants
Ton, and ſeveral other heinous Crimes and their Deputies, which were the
and Miſdemeanours, of which he ſaid prime Gentlemen' of Quality in all the
the Commons would in due Time make Counties of England. Then upon ſome
Proof in form ; and in the mean Time Diſquiſition of the Proceedings in the
deſir'd in their Name, that he might Star-Chamber, and at the Council-Ta-
be fequeſter'd from all Councils, and ble, all who concurr'd in ſuch a Sen-
be put into ſafe Guſtody : And ſo tence, and conſented to ſuch an Order,
withdrawing, the Earl was, with more were declared Criminal, and to be pro-
Clamour than was ſuitable to the Gra- ceeded againſt. So that, in a Moment,
vity of tliat Supreme Court, call'd up- all the Lords of the Council, all who....
on to withdr:iw, hardly obtaining Leave had been Deputy Lieutenants, or High
to be firſt heard in his Place, which Sheriffs, during the late Years, found
could not be denied him.
themſelves within the Mercy of theſe
He then lamented his great Misfor- grand Inquiſitors, and hearing new
tune'to lie under to heavy a Charge; pro- Terms of Art, that a Complication of
fefs'd bis Innocence and Integrity, which ſeveral Miſdemeanours might grow up
be made no doubt be mould make appear to Treaſon, and the like, it was no
to them ; defir'd that be might have bis Wonder if Men. deſir'd by all Means
Liberty, until ſome Guilt frould be to get their Favour and Protection.
prov'd; crd deſir'd then to confider, When they had ſufficiently.ſtartled
what Miſchief they ſhould bring upon Men by theſe Proceedings, and upon
themſelves, if upon ſuch a general Charge, half an Hour's Debate, fent up an
without the mention of any one Crime, a Accufation againſt the Lord Arch-Bi.
Peer of the Realm ſhould be committed to ſhop of Canterbury of High Treaſon,
Priſon, and so depriv'd of his place in and ſo remov'd him likewiſe from the
that Houſe, where he was summor'd by King's Council; they refted ſatisfied
the King's Writ to alist in their Coun- with their general Rules, Votes, and
Orders,
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 81
all that had paſs'd) had withdrawn draw upon them, for their paſt Offen-
Orders, without making Haſte to pro- ' ſeveral Warrants under his own Hand
ceed either againſt Things or Perſons ; were produc'd for the Diſcharge of
being willing rather to keep Men in Proſecutions againſt Prieſts, and for
Suſpenſe, and to have the Advantage the releaſe of Prieſts out of Priſon :
of their Fears, than, by letting them Whereupon, whilſt the Matter ſhould
fee the worſt that could befall them, be debated, according to Cuſtom, he
loſe the Benefit of their Application. was order'd to withdraw, and ſo went
For this Reaſon they us’d their utmoſt into the uſual Place, the Committee-
Skill to keep off any Debate of Ship- Chamber ; immediately whereupon,
money, that that whole Buſineſs night the Houſe of Commons went to a Con-
hang like a Meteor over the Heads of ference with the Lords upon fome o-
thoſe that were in-any Degree faulty in ther Occaſion, and returning from that
it; and it was obſervable, when not- Conference, no more reſum’d the De-
withſtanding all their Endeavours to bate of the Secretary, but having con-
divert it, that Buſineſs was brought in- fider'd ſome other Buſineſs, roſe at
to Debate, and upon that (which could their uſual Hour; and ſo the Secretary
not be avoided) the Lord Finch nam'd had Liberty to go to his own Houſe;
as an avow'd Factor and Procurer of from whence, obſerving the Diſpofition
that odious Judgment; who, if their of the Houſe, and well knowing what
Rule were true, That an Enúeavour to they were able to ſay againſt him, he
alter the Government by Law, and to in- had no more Mind to truſt himſelf in
troduce an Arbitrary Power, were Trea- that Company, but the ſame Night
fon, was the moſt notoriouſly and unex. withdrew himſelf from any Place where
cufably guilty of that Crime of any Enquiry might be made for him, and
Man that could be nam’d; before they was no more heard of till the News
could endure the Mention of an Accu came of his being landed in France.
ſation of High Treaſon, they appointed So that within leſs than fix Weeks,
a Committee, with great Deliberation theſe terrible Reformers had caus'd the
and Solemnity, to bring in a Charge two greateſt Counſellors of the King-
formally prepar'd (which had not been dom, and whom they moſt fear'd, and
done in the Caſe of the Lord Arch-Bi- ſo hated, to be remov'd from the King,
Shop, or the Earl of Strafford) and then and impriſon'd, under an Accuſation of
gave a Day to be heard for himſelf at High Treaſon; and frighted away the
the Houſe of Commons Bar, whereby, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Eng-
againſt all Order, he was to take Notice land, and one of the principal Secreta-
of what was handled in the Houſe con ries of State, in Foreign Kingdoms, for
cerning himſelf; and then finding that fear of the like; beſides the preparing
by their own Rules, he would be like- all the Lords of the Council, and very
wiſe accus'd of High Treaſon, they many of the principal Gentlemen
continued the Debate ſo long, that the throughout England, who had been
Lords Houſe was riſen, ſo that the Ac- High Sheriffs, and Deputy Lieutenants,
cuſation was not carried up till the next to expect ſuch Meaſure of Puniſhment
Morning; and before that Time, the from their general Votes and Reſolu-
Lord Keeper (being well inform’d of tions, as their future Demeanour ſhould
vour ;
himſelf; and ſhortly after went into ces; by which Means, they were like
Holland ; the Lord Littleton, then to find no vigorous Reſiſtance or Oppo-
Chief Juſtice of the Court of Common fition in their farther Deſigns.
Pleas, being made Keeper of the Great Having made their firſt Entrance up-
Seal of England in his Place.
on Buſineſs with this Vigour, they pro-
About the ſame Time Sir Francis ceeded every Day with the ſame Fer-
Windebank, one of the principal Secre-
and he who expreſsid moſt
taries of State, and then a Member of Warmth againſt the Court and Go-
the Houſe of Commons, was accus'd of vernment, was heard with the moſt Fa-
many Tranſactions on the Behalf of the
every Day producing many
Papiſts, of ſeveral Natures (whoſe ex form'd elaborate Orations, againſt all
traordinary Patron indeed he was) and the Acts of State which had been done
he being then preſent in the Houſe, for many Years preceding. That they
X
might
vour
23
82
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
might haſten the Proſecution of the whereof very many were then of tlie
Earl of Strafford, which was their firſt Houſe of Commons; found themſelves
great Deſign, they made a cloſe Com- involvid under ſome of thoſe Votes,
mittee of ſuch Members, as they knew and liable to be proceeded againſt upon
to be moſt for their Purpoſe, who the firſt Provocation; whereby they
ſhould, under an Obligation of Secrecy, were kept in ſuch awe, both in the one
prepare the Heads of a Charge againſt Houſe, and the other, as if they were
him; which had been ſeldom or never upon their good Behaviour, that they
heard of before in Parliament, and that durſt not appear to diſike, much leſs
they might be ſure to do their: Buſineſs to oppoſe, whatſoever was propos’d.
effectually, they ſent a Meſſage to the All Perſons impriſon'd for Sedition
Houſe of Peers, to deſire them to nomi- by the Star-Chamber upon the moſt ſo-
nate a ſeleEt Committee likewiſe of a few, lemn Examination and the moſt grave
to examine upon Oath ſuch Witneſses, as Deliberation, were ſet at Liberty, that
the Committee of the Houſe of Commons they might proſecute their Appeals in
for preparing the Charge againſt the Parliament. In the mean Time, though
Earl of Strafford Mould produce before there were two Armies in the Bowels of
them, and in their Preſence, and upon the Kingdom, at ſo vaſt an Expence,
ſuch Interrogatories as they ſhould offer; Care was taken only to provide Money
which, though it was without Prece- to pay them, without the leaſt mention
dent, or Example, the Lords preſently that the one ſhould return into Scotland,
conſented to, and nam’d ſuch Men as and the other be diſbanded, that ſó
well knew what they had to do. Then that vaſt Expence might be determin’d:
they cauſed Petitions to be every Day But on the contrrry, frequent Infinua-
preſented, by ſome who had been tions were given, That many great
griev'd, by any ſevere Sentences in the Things were firſt to be done before the
Star-Chamber, or committed by the Armies could be diſbanded; only they
Lords of the Council; againſt Lords deſir’d the King, That all Papiſts might
Lieutenants of Counties, and their De- be forthwith caſhier'd out of bis Army,
puty Lieutenants, for having levyed which his Majeſty could not deny; and
Money upon the Country, for conduct- fo fome Officers of good Account were
ing and cloathing of Soldiers, and o- immediately diſmiſs'd.
ther Actions of a Martial Nature (which The Engliſh and the Scotiſh Armies
had been done by thoſe Officers lo qua- remain'd quiet in their ſeveral Quarters
lify'd, from the Time of Queen Eliza- in the North, without any Acts of Ho-
beth, and was practiſed throughout her ftility, under the Obligation of the Cef-
Reign) and againſt Sheriffs, for having fation, which was ſtill
prorogued from
levyed Ship-money. Upon all which Month to Month, that the People
Petitions all the Acts how formal and might believe that a full Peace would
judicial ſoever, without ſo much as be quickly concluded. And the Trea-
hearing the Sentences of Judgments ty, which during the King's being at
read, were voted to be illegal, and a- York had been held at Rippon, being
gainſt the Liberty and Property of the now adjourn'd to London, the Scottiſh
Subje£t; and that all who were guilty of Commiſſioners (whereof the Earl of
fuch Proceedings, should be proſecuted for Rothes, and the Lord Lowden, who
their Preſumption, and ſhould likewije hath been mention'd before, were the
pay Damages to the Perſons injur’d. chief) came thither in great State, and
By which general Votes they had was receivid by the King with that
made themſelves ſo terrible, that all Countenance which he coul not chooſe
Privy-Counſellors, as well for what but ſhew to them; and were then
they had done at the Board, as in the lodged in the Heart of the City, near
Star-Chamber, all Lords Lieutenants, London-Stone, in a Houſe which uſed
who for the moſt part were likewiſe to be inhabited by the Lord Mayor or
Counſellors, whereof all were of the one of the Sheriff's, and was ſituate ſo
Houſe of Peers ; and then all who were near to the Church of St. Antholiris,
Deputy-Lieutenants, or had been She- that there was a Way out of it into a
riffs ſince the firſt iſſuing out of Writs Gallery of the Church. This Benefit
for the Collection of Ship-money, was well foreſeen on all Sides in the
Accom-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
83
Accommodation, and this Church al no other Juſtice to be done againſt theſe
fign’d to them for their own Devotions, two criminal Perſons but what should
where one of their own Chaplains ſtill ſeem good to the Wiſdom of the Parlia-
preach'd, among which Alexander Hen- ment.
derſon was the chief, who was likewiſe It was eaſily diſcern'd from that Ex-
joyn’d with them in the Treaty in all preſſion concerning Their awn Country-
Matters which had Reference to Reli- men, that they meant no Harm to the
gion : And to hear thoſe Sermons Marquis of Hamilton, againſt whom,
there was ſo great a Conflux and Re. in the beginning of the Rebellion, all
ſort, by the Citizens out of Humour their Bitterneſs leem'd to be directed,
and Factions by others of all Qualities and who was thought to have the leaſt
out of Curioſity; and by ſome that Portion of Kindneſs or good Will from
they might the better juſtify the Con- the three Nations, of any Man who re-
tempt they had of them, that from the lated to the King's Service. But he
firſt Appearance of Day in the Morn- had, by the Friendſhip he had ſhew'd
ing on every Sunday, to the ſhutting in to the Lord Lowden, and procuring his
of the Light, the Church was never Liberty, when he was, in the Tower
empty. They (eſpecially the Women) for ſo notorious a Treaſon, and was to
who had the Happineſs to get into the be in the Head of another as ſoon as he
Church in the Morning (they who ſhould be at Liberty ; and by his Ap-
could not, hung upon or about the plication and Dexterity at York in the
Windows without to be Auditors or Meeting of the great Council, and with
Spectators) keeping their Places till the the Scottiſh Commiſſioners employ'd
Afternoons Exerciſe was finiſhid ; which thitheſ before the Treaty; and by his
both Morning and Afternoon, except Promiſe of future Offices and Services,
to Palates and Appetites ridiculouſly which he made good abundantly; pro-
corrupted, was the moſt infipid and flat cur'd as well from the Engliſh as the
that could be deliver'd upon any Deli- Scots, all Aſſurance of Indemnity; which
beration.
they ſo diligently made good, that they
The Earl of Rothes had been the were not more ſollicitous to contrive
chief Architect of that whole Machine and find out Evidence or Information
from the beginning, and was a Man of againſt the other two great Men, than
very good Parts, and great Addreſs; they were to prevent all Information or
in his Perſon very acceptable, pleaſant Complaint, and to ftifle all Evidence,
in Converſation, very free and amorous; which was offer’d, or could be pro-
and unreſtrain'd in his Diſcourſe by any duc'd againſt the Marquis.
Scruples ºf Religion, which he only And they were exceedingly vigilant
put on then the Part he was to act re to prevent the Scotiſh Commiſſioners
quir’d it, and then no Man could ap- entring into any Familiarity, or Con-
pear more conſcientiouſly tranſported. verſation with any who were not faft to
There will be ſometimes Occaſion to their Party; inſomuch as one Day the
mention him hereafter, as already as Earl of Rothes walking in Weſtminſter-
much hath been ſaid of the other, the Hall with Mr. Hyde; towards whom
Lord Lowden, as is yet neceſſary. he had a Kindneſs by Reaſon of their
They were no ſooner come to the mutual Friendſhip with ſome Perſons of
Town, but a new Committee of the Honour, and they two walking towards
Members of both Houſes, ſuch as were the Gate to take Coach to make a Viſit
very acceptable to them, was appointed together, the Ear) on a ſudden deſir’d
to renew and continue the Treaty with the other To walk towards the Coach,
them that had been begun at Rippon ; and he would overtake him by the Time
And then they publiſh'd and printed he came thither ; but ſtaying very long,
their Declaration againſt the Arch-Bi- he imagin’d he might be diverted from
ſhop of Canterbury and the Lieutenant his purpoſe, and to walk'd back into
of Ireland, in which they ſaid; That as the Hall, where preſently meeting him,
they did reſerve thoſe of their own Coun- they both purſu'd their former Inten-
try who had been incendiaries between tion; and being in the Coach, the Earl
the two Kingdoms, to be proceeded againſt told him, That he muſt excuſe bis having
in their own Parliament, so they deſir'd made him ſtay so long, becauſe be bad
been
84
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
been detain'd only concerning bim; that that the Scottiſh Army could ever retire
when he was walking with bim, a Gen- into their Country, and conſequently that
tleman paſhng by, touch'd his Cloak, the King's Arniy could be diſbanded, be-
which made him deſire the other to go bem fore exemplary Juſtice was done upon that
fore; and turning to the other perſon, Earl to their Satisfaction. When they
he ſaid, That ſeeing him walk in ſome had inflam'd Men with this Confidera-
Familiarity with Mr. Hyde, be thought tion fufficiently; they, without any
bimſelf oblig'd to tell him, That he walk- great Difficulty prevail'd in two Propo-
ed with the greateſt Enemy the Scottiſh fitions of moſt fatal Conſequence to the
Nation had in the Parliament, and that King's Service; and to the Safety and
be ought to take heed how he communica- Integrity of all honeſt Men.
ted any Thing of Importance to him; and The firſt, For a Committee to be ſet-
that after he was parted with that Gen- tled of both Houſes for the taking prepa-
tleman, before be could paſs through the ratory Examinations. Thus the Alle-
Hall, four or five other eminent Men, gation was, That the Charge againſt the
ſeverally, gave him the ſame Advertiſe- Earl of Strafford was of an extraordina-
ment and Caution; and then ſpoke as ry Nature, being to make a Treaſon evi-
unconcernedly and as merrily of the dent out of a complication of ſeveral ill
Perſons and their Jealouſy as the other Afts ; that he muſt be traced through
could do. Men who were ſo ſagacious many dark Paths, and this precedent ſee
in purſuing their Point, were not like ditious Diſcourſe compard with that ſub-
to miſcarry.
ſequent outragious Aetion, the Circum-
The firſt Compliment they put upon stances of both which, might be equally
the Scottiſh Commiſſioners was, that conſiderable with the Matter itſelf; and
they were carefs’d by both Houſes with therefore that before this Charge could be
all poſſible Expreſſions of Kindneſs at so direetly made and prepar'd as was ne-
leaſt, if not of Submiſſion; and an Or- ceſſary (for he was hitherto only accus'd
der was carefully entred, That upon all generally of Treaſon) it was requiſite
Occaſions the Appellation ſhould be us’d of that a Committee ſhould be made of both
(our Brethren of Scotland) and upon Houſes to examine fome Witneſſes upon
that, wonderful kind Compliments Oath, upon whoſe Depoſitions, his Im-
paſs’d of a ſincere Reſolution of Amity peachment would eaſily be framed. This
and Union between the two Nations. was no ſooner propos’d in the Houſe of
Things being thus conſtituted, it be. Commons, than conſented to; and up-
came them to ſatisfy the publick Ex- on as little Debate yielded to by the
pectation in the Diſcovery of their new Lords; and the Committee fettled ac-
Treaſons, and in ſpeedy Proceedings cordingly: Without conſidering that
againſt thoſe two great "Perſons. For fuch an Inquiſition would eaſily prepare
the better preparing whereof, the Scot a Charge againſt the moſt innocent
tiſh Commiſſioners in the Name of that Man alive; where that Liberty ſhould
Nation, preſented two diſtinct Decla- be taken to examine a Man's whole
rations, againſt the Perſons of the Life ; and all the Light, and all the
Arch-Biſhop and the Earl of Strafford, private Diſcourſes had paſt from him,
ftuffed with as much Bitterneſs and Vi- might be tortur’d, perverted, and ap-
rulency as can be imagin’d. Theſe plied, according to the Conſcience and
Diſcourſes were publickly read in both the Craft of a diligent and malicious
Houſes ; that againſt the Arch-Biſhop Proſecution.
of Canterbury' was for the preſent laid The Second was, For the examining
aſide, and I am perſwaded, at that upon Oath Privy-Counſellors, upon ſuch
Tiine, without any Thought of reſum- Matters as bad paſs'd at the Council-
ing it, hoping that his Age and Impri- Table. The Allegation for this was,
ſonment would have quickly freed them That the principal Ingredient into the
from farther Trouble. But a ſpeedy Treaſon avith which the Earl was to be
Proceeding againſt the other was vehe- charg'd, was, a Purpoſe to change the
mently preſs’d, as of no leſs Impor- Form of Government; and, inſtead of
tance than the Peace between the two that ſettled by Law, to iníroduce a Poco
Kingdoms, nor without ſome Intima er meerly arbitrary. Now this Déſign
tion, That there could be no Expectation muſt be made evident, as well by the
Advices
5
in the Reign of King CHARLESI85
1.
.
mer;
Advices which he gave, and the Ex- which would not endure the Light, yield-
preſſions he utter'd upon emergent Oc- ed that they ſhould be examind; which
caſions, as by his publick Actions; and was ſpeedily done accordingly, by the
thoſe could not be diſcover'd, at leaſt Committee of both Houſes appointed
not prov'd, bụt by thoſe who were pre- for that. Purpoſe.
ſent at ſuch Conſultations, and they The Damage was not to be expreſs’d,
were, only. Privy-Counſellors. As it and the Ruin that laſt Act brought to
was alledg’d, That at his coming from the King was irreparable ; for, beſides
Ireland the Earl had ſaid in Council that it ſerv'd their Turn to prove thoſe
there ; That if ever be return'd to that Words againſt the Earl of Strafford,
Sword again, he would not leave a Sco- which Sir Harry Vane ſo punctually re-
tiſh-Man in that Kingdom; and at his member'd, and beſides, that it was
arrival in this Kingdom, the Lord Matter of Horror to the Counſellors,
Mayor and ſome Aldermen of London to find that they might be arraign'd
attending the Board, about the Loan of for every inconſiderate Expreſſion or
Moneys, and not giving that Satisfa£tion Word they had us’d there ; and ſo
was expected, that he ſhould pull a Letter made them more engag'd to ſervile
out of his Pocket, and few what Courſe Applications ; it baniſh'd for ever all
the King of France then took for the raif- future Freedom from that Board, and
ing of Money; and that he ſhould tell thoſe Perſons, from whom his Majeſty
the King, That it would never be well was to expect Advice in his greateſt
till be bang’d up a Lord Mayor of Lon- Streights; all Men ſatisfying them-
dan in the City to ierrify the reſt. ſelves, That they were no more oblig'd to
There was no greater Difficulty to deliver their Opinions there freely, wher
ſatisfy the Houſe of Commons with the they might be impeach'd in another Place
Reaſonableneſs of this, than of the for- for so doing ; and the evincing this
but the compaſſing it, was not ſo uſeful Doctrine, was without doubt
like to be eaſy; for it is viſible, that more the Deſign of thoſe grand Mana-
though the Lords ſhould join with gers, than any Hope they had, of re-
them, the Privy-Counſellors would in- ceiving further Information thereby;
fiſt upon the Oath they had taken, and than they had before.
pretend That without the King's Conſent And for my Part I muſt aſk leave of
they might not diſcover any Thing that thoſe noble Lords, who after the King's
had paſs'd at thai Bord; so that the Conſent gave themſelves Liberty to be
greateſt Difficulty would be, the procur- examin'd, to fay; that if they had well
ing the King's Conſent for the betraying conſider'd the Oath they had taken
himſelf : But this must be inſiſted on, when they were admitted to that Socie.
for God forbid that it might be ſafe for ty, which was [To keep ſecret all Mat-
any deſperate wicked Counſellor to propoſe ters committed and reveal'd to them, or
and adviſe at that Board Courſes deſtruc- that ſhould be treated of ſecretly in Coun-
tive to the Health and Being of the King- cil] they would not have believ'd, that
dom ; and that the Sovereign Phyſician, the King himſelf could have diſpenſed
the Parliament, ſhould be hindred from with that Part of their Oath. It is true,
preſerving the Publick, becauſe no Evi- there is another Clauſe in their Oath,
dence must be given of ſuch corrupt and that allows them with the King's Con-
wicked Counſels. And ſo provided' ſent to reveal a Matter of Council: But
with this ſpecious Oratory, they deſire that is, only what ſhould touch another
the Lords to concur with them for this. Counſellor ; which they are not to do
neceſſary Examination of Privy- Counſel- without the Leave of the King, or
lors; who, without much Debate, con the Council.
ſented; and appointed ſome to attend It was now Time to mind them-
the King for his Confent : Who, not felves, as well as the Publick, and to
well weighing the Conſequence; and repair, as well as pull down ; and there-
being in Publick Council unanimouſly fore, as the principal Reaſon (as was
advis'd to conſent to it; and thet the not ſaid before) for the accuſing thoſe two
doing it would lay Some Teint upon his great Perſons of High Treaſon (that is,
Council, and be a tacit Confeffion, that of the general Conſent to it before any
there had been Agitations ct that Place Evidence was requir’d) was, that they
Y
might
.
.
.
24
86
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
might be remov'd from the King's that in order to that great End, there
Preſence and his Counſels, without is a Dignity, a Freedom, a. Juriſdic-
which they conceiv'd theirs would have tion moſt effential to be preſerv'd in,
no Power with him ; ſo that being and to that Place; and takes not the
compaſs'd, Care was taken to infuſe Preſervation thereof to Heart; ought
into the King by the Marquis Hamilton, never to be receiv'd there. What in
That his Majeſty having declared to his Prudence is to be done towards that
People, that he really intended a Refor. End, admits a Latitude that honeſt and
mation of all thoſe Extravagancies, wife Men may ſafely and profitably
which former Neceſities, or. Occaſions, differ in ; and thoſe Differences (which
or Miſtakes, bad brought into the Go- I ſaid before there was too much un-
vernment of Church or State ; be could ſkilful Care to prevent) uſually produce
not give a more lively and demonſtrable great Advantages in Knowledge and
Evidence, and a more gracious Inſtance Wiſdom : But the End itſelf, that
of ſuch his Intention, than by calling which the Logicians call the Terminus
ſuch Perſons to his Council, whom the ad quem ought always to be a poſtula-
People generally thought moſt inclin’d to, tum, which whoſoever doubts, de-
and intent upon, ſuch Reformation. ſtroys; and Princes cannot be too ſtrict,
Hereupon in one Day, were ſworn too tender, int his Conſideration, in the
Privy-Counſellors much to the publick conſtituting the Body of their Privy-
Joy, the Earl of Heriford (whom the Council, upon the prudent doing where-
King afterwards made Marquis) the of, much of their Safety, more of their
Earl of Bedford, the Earl of Elex, the Honour and Reputation, both at home
Earl of Briſtol, the Lord Say, the and abroad, neceffarily depends; and
Lord Savile, and the Lord Kimbolton; the Inadvertencies in this Point, have
and within two or three Days after the been, mediately or immediately, the
Earl of Warwick; being all Perſons at Root and the Spring of moſt of the Ca-
that Time very gracious to the People, lamities that have enſued.
or to the Scots, by whoſe Election and Two Reaſons have been frequently
Diſcretion the People choſe, and had given by Princes for Overlights, or for
been all in ſome Umbrage at Court, wilful Breaches, in this important Dif-
and moſt in viſible Disfavour there. penſation of their Favours. The firſt,
This Act the King did very chearfully; That ſuch a Man can do no Harm;
heartily inclin'd to ſome of them, as when God knows, few Men have done
he had Reaſon; and not apprehending more Harm than thoſe who have been
any Inconvenience by that Act from thought able to do the leaſt; and there
the others, whom he thought this Light cannot be a greater Error than to be-
of his Grace would reform, or at leaſt lieve a Man whom we fee qualified
reſtrain.
with too mean Parts to do good, to be
But the calling and admitting Men therefore incapable of doing Hurt ;
to that Board is not a Work that can there is a Supply of Malice, of Pride,
be indifferent; the Reputation, if not of Induſtry, and even of Folly, in the
the Government of the State depending weakeſt, when he fets his Heart upon
on it. And though, it may be, there it, that makes a ſtrange Progreſs in
hath been too much Curioſity hereto- Miſchief. The Second, When Perſons
fore uſed to diſcover Men's Humours of ordinary Faculties, either upon Impor-
in particular Points, before they have tunity, or other colateral Reſpects, have
receiv'd that Honour; whereas poſſibly been introduc'd there, thet it, is but e
ſuch. Differences were rather to havé Place of Honour, and a generci Teſtimo-
been deſir'd than avoided ; yet there ny of the King's Affe&tion ; and ſo it
are certain Opinions, and general Prin- hath been, as it were, reſerv'd as a Pre-
ciples, that whoſoever does not hold, ferment for thoſe, who were fit for no
is not, without great Danger, to be ac other Preferment. As amongſt the
cepted for a Privy-Counſellor. As, Jeſuits they have a Rule, that they,
whoſoever is not fix'd to monarchical who are unapt for greater Studies, fill
Grounds, the Preſervation and uphold- ftudy Caſes of Conſcience. By this
ing whereof is the chief End of ſuch a Means the Number hath been increas'd,
Councił: Whoſoever doth not believe which in itſelf breeds great Inconveni-
ences ;
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
87
ences; ſince a leſs Number are fitter publick Afiſtance and Advice in a
both for Counſel and Diſpatch, in Mat- Time when he needed it molt; and
ters of the greateſt Moment, that de-' his greateſt, and only Buſineſs, being
pend upon a quick Execution, than a' prudently to weigh and conſider what
greater Number of Men equally honeſt to conſent to, and what to deny, of
and wife; and for that, and other Rea- ſuch Things as ſhould be propos'd to
fons of Unaptneſs and Incompetency, him by the two Houſes: He was now
Committees of dextrous Men have been told, That he was only to be advis'd by
appointed out of the Table to do the them; which was as much as to ſay,
Buſineſs of it; and fo Men have been that he muſt do whatſoever they defir'd of
no ſooner exalted with the honourable bim.
Title, and pleas'd with the Obligation Whereas in Truth, it is not only
of being made Privy-Counſellors, than lawful for the Privy-Council, but their
they have check'd that Delight with Duty, to give faithfully and freely their
diſcerning that they were not fully Advice to the King upon all Matters
truſted ; and ſo have been more inceni- concluded in Parliament, to which his
ed with the reproachful Diſtinction at, Royal Affent is neceſſary, as well as
than obliged with the honourable Ad- upon any other Subject whatſoever.
miffion to that Board, where they do Nay, a Privy-Counſellor, as ſuch, is
not find all Perſons equally Members, bound to diffwade the King from con-
And by this kind of Reſentment, ſenting to that which is prejudicial to
many fad Inconveniences have befallen the Crown; at leaſt to make that Pre-
the King'; and thoſe Men who have judice manifeſt to him ; though as a
had the Honour and Misfortune of private Perſon he could wiſh the Mat-
thoſe ſecret Truſts.
ter conſented to. And therefore, by
This Digreſſion will not appear very the Conſtitution of the Kingdom, and
impertinent, when the great Diſſervice the conſtant Practice of former Times,
ſhall appear, which befel the King by all Bills after they had paſs'd both Hou-
the ſwearing thoſe Lords formerly men- ſes, were deliver'd by the Clerk of the
tion'd (I ſpeak but of ſome of them) Parliament to the Clerk of the Crown;
Privy-Counſellors
. For inſtead of ex- and by him brought to the Attorney-
erciſing themſelves in their new Pro- General ; who preſented the ſame to
vince, and endeavouring to preſerve the King ſitting in Council; and, hav-
and vindicate that Juriſdiction ; they ing read them, declar'd what Altera-
luok'd upon themſelves as preferr'd tions were made by thoſe Bills to for-
thither, by their Reputation in Parlia- mer Laws; and what Benefit or Detri-
ment, not by the Kindneſs and Eſteem ment, in Profit or Juriſdiction, would
of the King; and ſo reſolv'd to keep accrue thereby to the Crown : And
up principally the Greatneſs of that then upon a full and free Debate by his
Place, to which they thought they Counſellors, the King reſolv'd accord-
ow'd their own Greatneſs. And there- ingly upon ſuch Bills as were to be en-
fore when the King requir'd the Ad- acted into Laws; and reſpited the o-
vice of his Privy-Council, in thoſe ther that he thought not fit to conſent
Matters of the higheit Importance, to. As this hath been the known Prac-
which were then every Day incumbent tice, ſo the Reaſon is very viſible; that
on him, the new Privy-Counſellors po- the Royal Affent being a diſtinct and
ſitively declar'd, That they might not effential Part towards the making a
(that was, that no body might) giuje Law, there ſhould be as much Care
bis Majeſiy any Advice in Matters de- taken to inform the Underſtanding and
pending in the two Houfes, which was Conſcience of the King upon thoſe Oca
not agreeable to the Senſe of the two Hori- cafions, as theirs, who prepare the ſame
ſes; which they cali'd bis Great Council, for his Royal Affent.
ły wboje Wiſdom he was entirely to guide That it might appear that what was
whimſelf
. As this Doctrine was inſipidly done within the Houſes, was agreeable
and perniciouſly urg'd by ſome ; ſo it to thoſe who were without; and that
was ſupinely and ſtupidly ſubmitted to the ſame Spirit reign’d in Parliament,
by others; inſomuch as the King, in a and People ; all poſſible Licenſe was
Moment found himſelf bereav'd of all exercis'din preaching and printing any
old
. of
88
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
old ſcandalous Pamphlets, and adding of England; and fo by Degrees an e-
new to them againſt the Church : Pe- qual Irreverence to the Government of
titions preſented by many Pariſhioners the State too; both which he vented in
againſt their Paſtors, with Articles of ſeveral abſurd, petulant, and iuperci-
their Miſdemeanours and Behaviours; lious Diſcourſes in Print.
moft whereof conſiſted, In their bowing The ſecond, a half-witted, crack-
at the Name of Jeſus, and obliging the brain'd Fellow, unknown to either
Communicants to come up to the Altar Univerſity, or the College of Phyſi-
(as they enviouſly call'd it) that is, . to cians; but one that had ſpent his Time
the Rails which enclos'd the Commu- abroad, between the Schools and the
nion-Table, To receive the Sacrament. Camp (for he had been in or paſs’d
All which Petitions were read with through Armies) and had gotten a
great Delight, and preſently referr'd Doctorſhip, and Latin ; with which in
to the Committee about Religion ; a very flowing Style, with ſome Wit,
where Mr. White, a grave Lawyer; and much Malice, he inveigh'd againſt
but notoriouſly diſaffected to the Church, the Prelates of the Church, in a Book
ſat in the Chair; and then both Peti- which he printed in Holland, and indu-
tion and Articles were ſuffer'd to be ſtriouſly diſpers’d in London, and
printed and publiſh'd (a Licence never throughout the Kingdom ; having pre-
practiſed before) that the People might ſum'd (as their Modeſty is always equal
be inflam'd againſt the Clergy; who to their Obedience) to dedicate it, To
were quickly taught to call all thoſe the ſacred Majeſty of the King.
againſt whom ſuch Petitions and Arti The third, had formerly a Kind of
cles were exhibited the Scandalous Cler- Relation by Service to the King; hav-
gy; which Appellation was frequently ing before he took Orders, waited as
applied to Men of great Gravity and Cloſet-Keeper, and ſo attended at ca-
Learning, and the moſt unblemiſh'd nonical Hours with the Books of De-
Lives.
votion upon his Majeſty when he was
There cannot be a better Inſtance of Prince of Wales; and a little before the
the unruly and mutinous Spirit of the Death of King James took Orders;
City of London, which was then the and fo his Highneſs coming ſhortly to
Sink of all the ill Humours of the be King, the Vapours of Ambition fu-
Kingdom, than the triumphant Entry ming into his Head that he was ſtill to
which ſome Perſons at that Time made keep his Place, he would not think of
into London ; who had been before leſs than being Clerk of the Cloſet to
ſeen upon Pillories, and ſtigmatiz'd as the new King, which Place his Majeſty
libellous and infamous Offenders; of conferr'd upon, or rather continu'd in,
which claſis of Men ſcarce any Age can the Biſhop of Durham, Doctor Neyl,
afford the like.
who had long ſerv'd King James there.
There had been three Perſons of ſe- Mr. Burton thus diſappointed, and, as
veral Profeſſions ſome Years before cen- he call'd it, deſpoild of his Right,
ſur'd in the Star-Chamber, William would not, in the Greatneſs of his
Pryn, a Barriſter of Lincoln's Inn: Heart, fit down by the Affront; but
John Baſtwick, a Doctor of Phyſick, .committed two or three fuch weak,
and Henry Burton, a Miniſter and Lec- faucy Indiſcretions, as cauſed an Inihi-
turer of London.
bition to be fent him, That he ſhould not
The firſt, not unlearn’d in the Pro- preſume to come any more to Court; and
fefſion of the Law, as far as Learning from that Time he reſolv’d to revenge
is acquir'd by the meer reading of himſelf of the Biſhop of Durhom, upon
Books; but being a Perſon of great In- the whole Order; and fo turn'd
duſtry, had ſpent more Time in read- Lecturer, and preach'd againſt them ;
ing Divinity; and which marr'd that being endued with Malice and Bold-
Divinity in the Converſation of factious neſs, inſtead of Learning and any tole-
and hot-headed Divines; and ſo, by a rable Parts.
Mixture of all three, with the Rude Theſe three Perſons having been for
neſs and Arrogance of his own Nature, ſeveral Follies and libellous Humours,
had contracted a proud and venemous firſt gently reprehended ; and after, for
Difike to the Diſcipline of the Church their Incorrigibleneſs, more ſeverely
cenſur'd
$
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
89
so
cenſured and impriſon'd; found ſome to the Houſe of Commons, expreſling
Means in Priſon, of Correſpondence, Their heavy. Cenſures and long Sufferings;
which was not before known to be be- and deſiring by way of Appeal, That
tween them; and to combine them- the Juſtice and Rigour of that Sentence
felves in a more peſtilent and feditious might be review'd and confider'd; and
Libel than they had ever before vent that their perſons might be brought from
ed; in which the Honour of the King, thoſe remote and deſolate Places to Lon-
Queen, Counſellors, and Biſhops, was don, that ſo they might be able to facili-
with equal Licence. blaſted and tra tate or attend their own Buſineſs. The
duc'd which was faithfully diſpers'd ſending for them out of Priſon took up
by their Profelytes in the City. The much Conſideration ; for though very
Authors were quickly and eaſily known, many who had no Kindneſs, had yet
and had indeed too much Ingenuity to Compaſſion for the Men ; thinking
deny it; and were thereupon brought they had ſuffer'd enough ; and that
together to the Star-Chamber ore tenus ; though they were ſcurvy Fellows, they
where they behaved themſelves with had been ſcurvily uſed : And others,
marvellous Inſolence; with full Confi. had not only. Affection to their Perſons,
dence demanding That the Biſhops who as having fuffer'd for a common Cauſe;
ſat in the Court (being only the Arch- but were concern'd to revive and im-
Biſhop of Canterbury, and the Biſhop of prove their uſual Faculties of libelling
London) might not be preſent, becauſe and reviling Authority; and to make
they were their Enemies, and ſo Parties; thoſe ebullitions of their Malice not
which, how ſcandalous and ridiculous thought noiſom to the State: Yet a
ſoever it ſeem'd then there, was good Sentence of a ſupreme Court, the Star-
Logick and good Law two Years after Chamber of which they had not yeţ
in Scotland, and ſerv'd to baniſh the ſpoke with Irreverence) was not lightly
Biſhops of that Kingdom both from to be blown off : But, when they were
the Council-Table and the Aſſembly. inform’d, and had confiderd, that by
Upon a very patient and folemn Hear- that Sentence the Petitioners were con-
ing, in as full a Court as ever was in demn'd to ſome Priſons in London ;
that Place, without any Difference in and were afterward remov'd thence by
Opinion or diffenting Voice, they were an Order of the Lords of the Council ;
all three cenſur'd as ſcandalous, fedi- they look'd upon that Order as a Vio-
tious, and infamous Perſons, To loſe lation of the Sentence; and ſo made no
their Ears in the Pillory, -and, to be im- Scruple to order That the Priſoners
priſon’d in ſeveral Goals during the ſhould be remov'd from thoſe foreign Pri-
King's Pleaſure; all which was executed sons, to the Places to which they were
with Rigour and Severity enough. But regularly.firſt committed. And to that
yet their Itch of libelling ſtill broke Purpoſe, Warrants were ſign’d by the
out; and their Friends of the City Speaker, to the Governors and Cap-
found a Line of Communication with tains of the ſeveral Caſtles, To bring
them. Hereupon the Wiſdom of the them in ſafe Cuſtody to London ; which
State thought fit, that thoſe infectious were ſent with all poſſible Expedition.
Sores ſhould breathe out their Corrup Pryn and Burton being Neighbours
tion in ſome Air more remote from that (though in diſtinct Ilands) landed at
catching City, and leſs liable to the the ſame Time at Southampton ; where
Contagion : And ſo, by an Order of they were receiv'd and entertain’d with
the Lords of the Council, Mr. Pryn, extraordinary Demonſtrations of Affec-
was ſent to a Caſtle in the Illand of tion and Eſteem ; attended by a mar-
Jerſey ; Dr. Baſtwick, to Silly ;- and vellous Conflux of Company; and their
Mr. Burton to Gucrnſey ;; where they Charges not only born with great Mag-
remain’d, unconſider'd, and truly ſ nificence, but liberal Preſents given to,
think unpitied (for they were Men of them. And this Method and Cere-
no Virtue or Merit) for the Space of mony kept them Coinpany' all their
two Years, till the beginning of this Journey, great Herds of People meet-
preſent Parliament.
ing them at their Entrance into all
Shortly upon that, Petitions were Towns, and waiting upon them out
preſented by their Wives or Friends, with wonderful Acclamations of Joy.
25
Z
When
90
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
s
When they came near London, multi- Judges and the King's learned Councii,
tudes of People of ſeveral Conditions, had affum'd the Courage to have que-
ſome on Horſeback, others on Foot, ſtion’d the Preaching, or the Printing,
met them ſome Miles from the Town; or the ſeditious Riots upon the Tri-
very many having been a Days Journey; umph of thoſe three fcandalous Men,
and they were brought, about two of before the Uninterruption and Security
the Clock in the Afternoon, in at Cha- had confirm'd the People in all three;
ring-Croſs, and carried into the City it had been no hard Matter to have de-
by above ten thouſand Perſons, with ſtroy'd thoſe Seeds, and pulld up thoſe
Boughs and Flowers in their Hands; Plants, which being neglected, grew
the Common People ſtrewing Flowers up and proſper'd to a full Harveſt of
and Herbs in the Ways as they paſs’d, Rebellion and Treaſon. But this was
making great Noiſe, and Expreſſions yet but a Rudeneſs and Rankneſs A-
of Joy for their Deliverance and Re- broad, without any viſible Countenance
turn ; and in thoſe Acclamations, mix- or Approbation from the Parliament
ed loud and virulent Exclamations a. 'all ſeem'd chalte within thoſe Walls.
gainſt the Biſhops, who had go cruelly The Malignity that was apparent
proſecuted fuch godly Men. In the fame there (for the Accuſation of the Arch-
Manner, within five or ſix Days after, Biſhop and the Earl of Strafford, were
and in like triumph, Dr. Baftwick re- lookd upon as Acts of Paſſion, direct-
turn'd from Silly, landing at Dover; ed againſt particular Perſons, who were
and from thence bringing the ſame thought to have deſerv'd ſome extraor-
Teſtimonies of the Affections and Zeal dinary Meaſures and Proceeding) was
of Kent, as the others had done from againſt the Church: Firſt, In their
Hampſhire and Surrey, was met before Committee for Religion ; which had
he came to Southwark. by the good been aſſumed ever ſince the latter
People of London, and ſo conducted to Times of King James, though feldom
his Lodging likewiſe in the City. or never any ſuch Thing had before
I ſhould not have waſted thus much been heard of in Parliament; where,
Time in a Diſcourſe of this Nature, but under Pretence of receiving Petitions
that it is evident, that this Inſurrection againſt Clergy-men, they often deba-
and Frenzy of the People, was an Affect ted Points beyond the Verge of their
of great Induſtry and Policy, to try and Underſtanding : Then, by their
publiſh the Temper of the People, and chearful Reception of a Declaration of
to ſatisfy themſelves, in the Activity many Sheets of Paper againſt the whole
and Intereſt of their Tribunes, to whom Government of the Church; preſented
that Province of ſhewing them was by ten or a dozen Miniſters, at the
committed. And from this Time, the Bar; and pretended to be ſign’d. by fe-
Licence of Preaching and Printing in- veral Hundreds of the Miniſters of Lon-
creaſed; to that Degree, that all Pul- don and the Countries adjacent : And
pits were freely deliver’d to the Schif a Petition, preſented by Alderman Pen-
matical and ſilenced Preachers, who nington, and alledg'd to be ſubſcrib'd
till then had lurkid in: Corners, or by twenty thouſand Men, Inhabitants
liv'd in New-England; and the Preſſes within the City of London ; who requi-
at Liberty for the publiſhing the moſt red in plain Terms, The total Extirpa-
învective, feditious, and ſcurrilous tion of Epiſcopacy. Yet the Houſe was
Pamphlets, that their Wit and Malice then ſo far from being poffefs’d with
could invent. Whilſt the Miniſters of that Spirit, that the utmoſt that could
the State, and Judges of the Law, like be obtain’d, upon a long Debate upon
Men in an Extaſy, furpriz'd and amaz'd that Petition, was, That it ſhould not
with ſeveral Apparitions, had no be rejected ; againſt which the Num-
Speech or Motion; as if, having com- ber of the Petitioners, was urg'd as a
mitted ſuch an Exceſs of Juriſdiction powerful Argument; only it was ſuf-
(as Men upon great Surfeits are enjoyn'd fer'd to remain in the Hands of the
for a Time to eat nothing) they had Clerk of the Houſe, with Direction,
been preſcrib'd to exerciſe no Juriſdic. That no copy of it ſhould be given. And
tion at all. Whereas, without Doubt, for the Miniſters Declaration, one Part
if either the Privy-Council, or the only of it was inſiſted on by them, and
read
in the Reign of King CHAR LES I. of
tead in the Houſe ; which concern'd Anſwer, but that it was thought fit by
the Exerciſe of Eccleſiaſtical Juriſdic- thoſe who underſtood Buſineſs better than
tion, and the Exceſs of their Courts"; they, that the latter Petition ſhould ra-
the other Parts were declined by many ther be preferred than the former. And
of them, and eſpecially order'd, To be when he found, they intended by ſome
ſeald up by the Clerk, that they might publick Act to vindicate themſelves
be peruſed by no Man. So that all that from that Calumny; ſuch Perſons, upon
· Envy and Animoſity againſt the Church whom they had their greateſt Depend-
feem'd to be reſolv'd into a Deſire, ance, were engaged, by Threats and
That a Bill might be fram’d to remove Promiſes to prevail with them, to ſit
the Biſhops from their Votes in the Lords ſtill, and to paſs by that indirect Pro-
Houſe, and from any Office in Seculer ceeding.
Affairs; which was the utmoſt Men I ſaid before, that after the Diffolu-
pretended to wiſh : And to ſuch a tion of the former ſhort Parliament, the
Purpoſe, a Bill was ſhortly after pre- Convocation was continued by ſpecial
pard and brought into the Houſe ; of Warrant from the King; and by his
which, more ſhall be faid in its proper Majeſty, in a folemn Meſſage ſent to
Place.
them by Sir Harry Vane then Principal
It was a ſtrange Diſingenuity, that Secretary, required to proceed in the ma-
was practiſed in the procuring thoſe. Pe- king of Canons, for the better Peace änd
titions ; which continued ever after, in Quiet of the Church. Notwithſtanding
the like Addreſſes. The courſe was, this Command, the Chief of the Clergy,
Firſt to prepare a. Petition very modeft well knowing the Spirit of Bitterneſs
and dutiful, for the Form ; and for the that was contracted againſt them; and
Matter, not very unreaſonable ; and to many obſolete Pamphlets againſt their
communicate it at ſome Publick Meet- Juriſdiction and Power, being, ſince the
ing, where care was taken it ſhould be Commotions in Scotland, revived and
received with Approbation : the Sub- publiſhed with
more freedom ; deſired
ſcription of very few Hands filled the his Majeſty, That the Opinions of the
Paper itſelf, where the Petition was Judges might be known and declared,
written, and therefore many more Sheets Whether they might then lawfully ſit, the
were annexed, for the Reception of the Parliament being diſſolv'd, and proceed to
Number, which gave all the Credit, the making of Canons; as likewiſe upon
and procured all the Countenance to the other Particulars in their Juriſdiction,
Undertaking. When a multitade of which had been moſt inveighed againſt ?
Hands was procured, the Petition itſelf All the Judges of England, upon a
was cut off and a new one framed, inature Debate, in the Preſence of the
ſuitable to the deſign in Hand, and an- King's Council, under their Hands af-
nexed to the long Liſt of Names which ſerted, The Power of the Convocation in
were Subſcribed to the Former. By making Canons, and thoſe other parts of
this Means, many Men found their Juriſäi&tion, which had been ſo enviouſly
Hands ſubſcribed to Petitions, of which, queſtioned. Hereupon they proceeded;
they before had never heard. As feve- and having compoſed a Body of Ca-
ral Miniſters, whoſe Hands were to the nons, preſented the ſame to his Majeſty,
Petition and Declaration of the London for his Royal Approbation. They were
Miniſters before mentioned, have pro- then again debated at the Council-
feſs’d to many Perſons, That they never Board; not without notable Oppoſition:
ſaw that Petition or Declaration before for upon ſome leſſening the Power and
it was preſented to the Houſe; but hed Authority of their Chancellors, and
Signed another, ibe Subſtance of which their Commiſſaries, by thoſe Canons,
was, not to be compelled to take the Oath the Profeſſors of that Law took them-
enjoyned by the new Canons: and when they ſelves to be diſoliged ;. and Sir Henry
found, inſtead of that, their Names ſet to Martin (who was not likely to overſee
a defire of an Alteration of the Govern- any Advantages) upon ſeveral Days of
ment of the Church, they with much hearing at the Council-Table, with his
Trouble went to Mr. Marſhal, with utmoſt ſkill'objected againſt them; but
whom they had intruſted the Petition in in the end, by the entire and unanimous
their Hands; who gave them no other Advice of the Privy-Council, the Ca-
nons
f
92
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and troubled others : who jointly took Faith; which grew afterwards
✓
nons were confirmed by the King, un In the mean Tiine, the two Armir's
der the Great Seal of England; and were neceſſarily to be provided ior, leit
thereby enjoyned to be obſerved. So the Countries where their Quarters
that whatſoever they were, the Judges were, ſhould come to be opprelied by
were at leaſt as Guilty of the firit Pre- free Quarter ; which would not only
ſumption in framing them; and the raiſe a very inconvenient noiſe, - but
Lords of the Council, in Publiſhing and introduce a Neceffity of diſbanding the
Executing them; as the Biſhops, or Armies, which they were in no degree
the reſt of the Clergy, in either. ready for: and Money not being to be
Yet the Storm fell wholly on the raiſed ſoon enough in the regular Way,
Church; and the Matter of thoſe Ca- by Act of Parliament, which would re-
nons, and the Manner of making them, quire ſome time in the paſſing: There-
was inſiſted on, as a pregnant Teſti- fore for the preſent Supply, it was
mony of a Malignant Spirit, in the very thought fit to make uſe of their Credit
Function of the Biſhops. The truth is, with the City ; to whom a formal Em-
the Seaſon in which that Synod con- baſſy of Lords and Commons was
tinued to fit (as was obſerved before) ſent; which were carefully choſen of
was in ſo ill à Conjuncture of time (up- fuch Perſons as carried the buſineſs of
on the Diffolution of a Parliament, and the Houſe before them, that the per-
almoſt in an Invaſion from Scotland) forming the Service, might be as well
that nothing could have been tranſacted imputed to their particular Reputation
there, of a popular and prevailing In- and Intereſt, as to the Affection of the
fluence. And then, ſome ſharp Canons City: and theſe Men in their Orations
againſt Sectaries; and ſome Additionals to the Citizens, undertook that their
in point of Ceremonies, countenancing, Money ſhould be repaid with Intereſt by
though not enjoyning what had been the care of the Parliament. And this
long practiſed, infinitely inflamed fome, was the firſt Introduction of the publick
to be
Advantage of what ſtrictly was amiſs; applied to all monſtrous Purpoſes.
as the making an Oath, the Matter of This Expedient ſucceeded twice or
which was conceiv'd Incongruous; and thrice for ſuch Sums as they thought fit
enjoyning it to many of the Laity, as to require; which were only enough to
well as the Clergy; and likewiſe the carry on their Affairs, and keep them
granting of Subſidies.
in Motion ; not proportionable to diſ-
So that the Houſe of Commons (that charge the Debt due to the Armies, but
is the major part) made no ſcruple, in to enable them to pay their Quarters :
that Heat, to declare, That the Conve- it being fit to keep a conſiderable Debt
cation-Houſe had no Power at all of ma- ftill owing, left they ſhould appear too
king Canons; notwithſtanding that it ready to be diſbanded.
was apparent by the Law, and the un They had likewiſe another Deſign in
contradicted Practice of the Church, this Commerce with the City; Which,
that Canons had never been otherwiſe always upon the Loan of Money, uſed
made: And that thoſe Canons contained to recommend ſome ſuch thing to the
in them, matter of Sedition and Re- Parliament, as might advance the De-
proach to the Regal Power; prejudicial ſigns of the Party ; As the Proceeding
to the Liberty and Property of the Sub- ' againſt Delinquents ; or. Somie Reforma-
jeet; and to the Privileges of Parlia- tion in the Church; which the Mana-
ment. By the extent of which notable gers knew well what uſe to make of up-
Vote and Declaration, they had in- on any Emergency. When they had
volved almoſt the whole Clergy under ſet this Traffick on foot in the City,
the Guilt of Arbitrary Proceedings; as and ſo brought their Friends there into
much as they had done the Nobility and more Reputation and Activity; Then,
Gentry before, under their Votes a at their Election for Common-Council-
gainſt Lords Lieutenants, Deputy Lieu- Men, all the grave and ſubſtantial
tenants, Privy-Counſellors, and Sheriffs ; Citizens were left out; and fuch
and of which they made the fame uſe: choſen; as were moſt eminent for op-
as ſhall be remembred in its proper. poſing the Government, and moſt dir-
place.
affected to the Church, though' of
never
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
93
ces.
never fo mean Eſtates; which made a poſe the Money. And the King made
preſent, viſible Alteration, in the Tem no Pauſe in the paſſing it: Himſelf
per of the City (the Common-Council not conſidering the Conſequence of it;
having ſo great a Share in the Manage- and none about him having the Cou-
ment of Affairs there) and even in the rage to repreſent it to him.
Government itſelf.
From that Time, there was no Bill.
Ocher Ways were now to be thought paſs’d for the raiſing of Money, but it
of for getting of Money, which was, was diipoſed of in the fame, or the like
once at leaſt every Month, call'd for Manner; that none of it could be ap-
very importunately by the Scotiſh Com- plied to the King's Uſe, or by his Di-
miſſioners; which cauſed the ſame Pro- rection. And they likewiſe took No.
viſion to be made for the Engliſh For- tice, That from the Time of his Maje-
The next Expedient was, Thet in sty's coming to the Crown, he had taken
ſo great an Exigence, and for the Pusb- the Cuſtoms and Impoſitions upon Mer-
‘lick Peace; that the Armies might not chandize as his own Right, wiihout any
enter into Blood, by the Determination of AEt of Parliament; which, they ſaid, no
the Colation, which Want of Pay would King had ever before done ; inſinuating
inevitably produce; the ſeveral Members wiibal, that they meant to make a further
of the Houſe would lend Money, accord- Enquiry into thoſe, who had been the
ing to their ſeveral Abilities; or that chief Miniſters in that Preſümption.
ſuch as bad no Money, would become They ſaid, No body could imagine, but
bound for it: And upon theſe Terms that they intended to grant the ſame to
enough could be borrow'd. This was his Majeſty, in the ſame Manner, for
no fooner propoſed, but contented to, his Life, as had been done to his Proge-
by all the eminent Leaders; and by nitörs by former Parliaments : But, that
many others; in Örder to make them- they found ſuch an Ast could not be pre-
ſelves the more acceptable to thoſe; Sently made ready; becauſe the Book of
and fome did it for their own Conve- Rates now in Praktice contain'd many
nience, there being little Hazard of Exceſſes, and muſt be reformid in ſeveral
their Money, and full Intereſt to be re- Particulars ; in preparing which, they
ceiv’d, and believing it would facilitate would uſe all poſſible Diligence, and bo-
the diſbanding of the Armies ; to ped to effe Et it in a ſhort Time : Howe-
which, all fober Men's Hearts were ver, that the Continuance of the Collec-
directed.
tion in the Manner it was in, without
And now to ſupport their Stock of any lawful Title, and during the very
Credit, it was Time to raiſe Money up- fitting of the Parliament, would be a
on the People by Act of Parliament; Precedent of a very ill Conſequence, and
which they had an Excuſe for not doing make the Right of giving it the more que-
in the uſual Way, Of giving it imme- ftion'd; at leaſt the leſs valued. And
diately to the King, to be paid into the therefore it would be fit, that either all
Exchequer ; becauſe the Publick Faith the preſent Collection Mould be diſcontinu-
was ſo deeply engeg'd to the City ed, and ceaſe abſolutely; which was in
for a great Debt; and ſo many particular the Power of the Merchants themſelves to
Members in the Loan of Moneys, and in do, by refuſing to pay any Duties which
being bound for the Payment of great there was no Law to compel them to :
Sumns, for which their Eſtates were lia- · Or, That a ſhort AEt ſhould be preſently
ble : And therefore it was but Reaſon, paſs’d, for the Continuance of thoſé Páy-
that for their Indemnity, the Money that ments for a ſport Time ; againſt the Ex-
was to be rais'd, should be paid into the piration whereof, the Aft for granting
Hands of particular Members of the them for Life, with the Books of Rates,
Houſe, nained by them, who ſhould take would be prepared and ready.
Care to diſcharge all Publick Engage There were many Inconveniencies
ments. The firſt Bill they paſs'd being diſcover'd in the Firſt, in diſcontinuing
but for two Subſidies, which was not the Collection and Payment of Duties,
ſufficient to diſcharge any conſiderable which would not be ſo eaſily reviv'd a-
Part of the Money borrow'd, they in- gain, and reduced into Order; and that
ſerted in the Bill the Commiſſioners the laſt would without Prejudice to either,
Names, who were to receive and dil- boih vindicate the Right of the Subjekt,
27
and
A a
94
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and ſecure the King's Profit ; and ſo to receive the Stef into his Hand, and
they prepared and preſented a Grant of give bim leave to retire to the ſole Care
thoſe Duties for fome few Months. In of his Biſhoprick; by which he wiſely
which there was a Preamble, Diſap- withdrew from the Storm, and enjoy'd
proving and condemning all that had been the greateſt Tranquillity of any Man of
done in that Particular, from his Ma- the three Kingdoms, throughout the
jeſty's firſt coming to the Crown, to that whole boiſterous and deſtroying Time
Time; and aſerting his whole Right to that follow'd; and liv’d to ſee a happy
thoſe Payments, to depend upon the Gift and bleſſed End of them, and died in
of his Subjects : And concluded with great Honour. And ſo the Treaſury
moſt ſevere Penalties to be inflicted upon was for the preſent put into Commiſ-
thoſe, who mould preſume hereafter to ſion. Mr. Pym was to be Chancellor
colleet or receive them otherwiſe, than as of the Exchequer ; which Office the
they ſhould be granted by Axt of Parlia- Lord Cottington was likewiſe ready to
ment; which had never been in any o- ſurrender, upon Aſſurance of Indem-
ther Act of Parliament declared ; which nity for the future. Theſe two were
the King likewiſe paſs’d. So all the engag'd to procure the King's Revenue
Revenue he had to live upon, and to to be liberally provided for, and ho-
provide him Meat, and which he had nourably increas'd and ſettled.
Reaſon to expect ſhould have been more And that this might be the better
certainly continued to him, was taken done, the Earl of Bedford prevail'd with
into their Hands; in order to take it the King, upon the Removes men-
from him too, whenever they ſhould tion'd before, to make Oliver Saint
think it convenient to their other De- John (who hath been often, and will
ſigns; of which, he ſhortly after found be oftner mention'd in this Diſcourſe)
the Miſchief.
his Sollicitor General; which his Ma-
The Lord Fincb's Flight, made not jeſty readily conſented to; hoping,
only the Place of Keeper vacant, but that being a Gentleman of an honoura-
begot ſeveral other Vacancies. The ble Extraction (if he had been Legiti-
Seal was given to Littleton, who was mate) he would have been very uſeful
then Chief Juſtice of the Common in the preſent Exigence to ſupport his
Pleas; for which Place he was excel- Service in the Houſe of Commons,
lently fitted.
where his Authority was then great ; at
Banks; the Attorney-General, was leaſt, that he would be aſham'd ever to
weary enough of the Inquiſition that appear in any Thing that might prove
was made into the King's Grants, and prejudicial to the Crown. And he be-
glad to be promoted to the Common came immediately poffefs'd of that Of-
Pleas. Herbert, the Sollicitor-General, fice of great Truſt; and was ſo well
who had fat all this Time in the Houſe qualified for it, at that Time, by his
of Commons, awd and terrify'd with faſt and rooted Malignity againſt the
their Temper, applying himſelf to Mr. Government, that he loft no Credit
Hambden, and two or three of the other, with his Party, out of any Apprehen-
without interpoſing or croſſing them in fion or Jealouſy that he would change
any Thing; long'd infinitely to be out his Side; and he made good their Con-
of that Fire: And ſo the Office of At fidence; not in the leaſt Degree abat-
torney-General, which at any other ing his malignant Spirit, or diffem.
Time had been to be wiſh'd, was now bling it ; but with the fame Obſtinacy,
more grateful, as it remov'd him from oppoſed every Thing which might ad-
the other Atendance, it not being uſual vance the King's Service, when he was
in thoſe Times for the Attorney-Gene- his Sollicitor, as ever he had done be-
ral to be a Member of the Houſe of fore.
Commons, and he was call'd by Writ The Lord Say was to be Maſter of
to attend the Houſe of Peers, where the Wards; which Place the Lord Cot-
he fits upon the Wool-Sack at the tington was likewiſe to ſurrender for his
back of the Judges.
own Quiet and Security And Denzil
The Earl of Bedford was to be Trea- Hollis was to be Secretary of State, in
furer ; in order to which, the Biſhop the Place of Secretary Windebank.
of London had already deſired the King Thus far the Intrigues for Prefer-
ވެ
ments
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
25
ments were entirely complied with, and the Proſecution of the Earl of Strafford,
it is great Pity that it was not fully ex made the King well contented (as the
ecuted, that the King might have had other Reaſons prevaild with the other
ſome able Men to have adviſed or af- Perſons) that the putting of thoſe Pro-
lifted him ; which probably theſe very motions in Practice, ſhould be for a
Men would have done, after they had Time ſuſpended.
been ſo throughly engaged: Whereas When there was a new Occaſion,
the King had none left about him in upon the Importunity of the Scotiſh
any immediate Truit in Buſineſs (for I Commiſſioners, to procure more Mo-
ſpeak not of the Duke of Richmond, ney; and the leading Men, who us'd
and ſome very few Men more about to be forward in finding out Expedi-
his Peſſon, who always behaved them ents for Supply, ſeem'd to deſpair of
felves honourably) who either did not being able to borrow more ; becauſe
betray, or ſink under the Weight or the City was much troubled and diſ-,
Reproach of it.
heartned, to ſee the Work of Refor-
But the Earl of Bedford was reſolv'd, mation proceed ſo flowly, and no De-
that he would not enter into the Trea- linquents yet brought to Juſtice; and
fury, till the Revenue was in ſome De.. that till fome Advance was made to-
gree ſettled ; at leaſt, the Bill for Ton- wards thoſe longed for Ends, there
nage and Poundage, paſs’d, with all muit be no Expectation of borrowing
decent Circumſtances, and for Life; more Money from, or in the City : At
which both he and Mr. Pym did very that Tiine, Mr. Hyde faid in the Houſe,
heartily labour to effect, and had in That he did not believe the Thing to be so
their Thoughts many good Expedients, difficult as was pretended; That no Man
by which they intended to raiſe the lent his Money, who did not gain by it ;
Revenue of the Crown. And none of and that it was evident enough, that
them were very follicitous to take their there was plenty of Money; and therefore
Promotions, before ſome other ·Accom- he was confident, if a fmall Committee of
modations were provided for ſome of the Houſe, were nominated, wbo, upon
the reſt of their chief Companions; who Çonfultation between themſelves, might
would be neither well pleas'd with their uſe the Name of the Houſe to ſuch Men
ſo haſty Advancement before them, as were reputed to have Money, they
nor ſo ſubmiſſive in the future to fol- night prevail with them to lend as much
low their Dictates.
as might ſerve for the preſent Exigence.
Hambden was a Man they could not Whereupon the Houſe willingly ap.
leave unprovided for; and therefore prov'd the Motion ; and nam'd him,
there were ſeveral Deſigns, and very Mr, Capel, Sir John Strangeways, and
far driven, for the Satisfaction and Pro- five or ſix more, whom they deſired
motion of hin, and Ejjex, and Kimbol- might be joyn'd with them; who, the
ton, and others; though not fo fully fame or the next Day, repair’d into the
concluded, as thoſe before mention'd. City ; reſolving to apply themſelves to
For the King's great End was, by theſe no Men but ſuch who were of clear Re-
Compliances, to ſave the Life of the putation in point of Wiſdom, and So-
Earl of Strefford; and to preſerve the briety of Underſtanding, as well as of
Church from Ruin ; for no body Wealth and Ability to lend. And af.
thought the Arch-Biſhop in Danger of ter they had ſpoken together with four
his Life. And there were few of the or five eminent Men, they agreed to
Perſons mention'd before, who thought divide themſelves, and to confer ſeve-
their Preferments would do them much rally with their particular Acquaintan-
good, if the Earl were ſuffer'd to live; ces, upon the ſame Subject : Many
but in that of the Church the major Men chooſing rather to lend their Mo-
Part even of thoſe Perſons would have ney, than to be known to have it; and
been willing to have ſatisfied the King; being very wary in their Expreſſions,
the rather, becauſe they had no Reaſon except in private.
to think the two Houſes, or indeed ei When they had again communicated
ther of them, could have been induced together, they found that the borrow-
to have purſued the contrary. And ſo ing the Money would be very eaſy ;
the continued and renewed Violence in every Man with whom they had con-
ferr'd,
06
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Countenance to the Perſons who had mittee was come from the Parliament
ferr'd, being ready and forward to lend was the Thing they moſt abhorrid.
the Money, or to find a Friend who After a long Silence, Mr. Hambden ſaid,
ſhould, upon their Security who pro- That the worthy Gentlemen were to be
pos'd it. Moſt of them in their private much commended for the Pains they bed
Diſcourſe faid, That there was Money "taken ; of which, he doubted not, good
enough to be lent, if Men ſaw there Uſe would be made ; and ſo proposid,
would be like to be an End of
. Borrowing ; That it might be well thought of, crd the
but that it was an univerſal Diſcomfort Debate reſum'd the next Day ; which
and Diſcouragement, to all Men of E- could not be denied.
States and Diſcretion, to ſee two great The next Day, Alderman Perining toz
Armies ſtill kept on Foot in the Kingdom, (a Man in higheſt Confidence with the
at ſo vast a Charge, when there remaind Party; and one, who inſinuated all
no Fear of a War; and that if a Time Things to the Common-Council which
were once appointed for the diſbanding he was directed ſhould be ſtarted there)
them, there ſhould not want Money for begun the Diſcourſe; and ſaid, That
the doing all that jould be neceſsary in the Gentlemen who had been laſt in the
Order to it.
City to borrow Money, had made a fair
This Anſwer ſatisfied them in all Report, but that in the End of it, there
Reſpects; and the next Day, Mr. Hyde was Colloquintida ; that he could not
reported the Succeſs of their Employ- find with what Perſons they had conferr'd
ment; That they had conferred with about the Temper of the City; nor that
most of the ſubſtantial and beſt reputed any conſiderable People troubled ther-
Men of the City; who, by themſelves felves with deſigning or wiſhing what the
ånd their Friends, had promis'd to ſup- Parliament ſhould do, which they knew
ply the Money wbich was deſir'd. And to be wiſe enough, to know what and
then he enlarged upon The Temper they when they were to do that which was beſt
underſtood the City to be in, by the Re- for the Kingdom ; and they acquieſced in
ports of thoſe who might be reaſonably their greve Judgment; and concluded,
fupposºd to know it beft ; that it was in- That the Money that the Houſe ſtood in
deed very much troubled and diſheartned, need of, or a greater Sum,' was ready to
to ſee two Armies kept on Foot at so vast be paid to whomſoever they should appoint
à Charge within the Bowels of the King- to receive it.
dem, when God be thanked all the Dan-
The Houſe made itſelf very merry
ger of a War was removed; and that with the Alderman's Colloquintida, and
they who were mery able to make good call'd upon him to explain it; and ſo
what they promiſed; had frankly under- the Debate ended ; all fober Men be-
taken, That if a peremptory Day was ing well pleas’d to ſee the Diſorder they
appointed, for being rid of thoſe Armies, were in, and the Pains they had taken
there ſhould not be Want of Money to dif- to free themſelves from it; which every
charge them.
Day was renew'd upon them, as the
The Report was receiv’d with great Subject Matter afforded Occaſion; and
Applauſe by the major part of the they viſibly loſt much of the Reverence,
Houfe ; as was reaſonably collected by which had been formerly paid them.
their Countenance : But it was as ap About the beginning of March, they
parent, that the governing Party was begun to make Preparations for the
exceedingly perplex'd with it, and Tryal of the Earl of Strafford; who
knew not on a ſudden what to ſay to it: had then been about three Months in
If they embrac'd the Opportunity, to Priſon, under the Accufation of High
procure a Supply of Money which was Treaſon: And by this Time, for the
really wanted, it would be too great a better Supply in this Work; a Com-
procur'd it; whoſe Reputation they in Ireland, to ſollicit Matters concern-
were willing to depreſs; beſides, it ing that Kingdom. This Committee
would imply their Approbation of what (moſt of them being Papiſts, and the
had been faid of the diſbanding; at principal Actors ſince in the Rebellion)
leaſt, would be a Ground of often men was receiv'd with great Kiņdneſs; and,
tioning and preſſing it; and which, upon the Matter, added to the Com-
how grateful ſoever to moſt other Men, mittee for the Proſecution of the Earl
of
!
i
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 97
of Strafford: So that now, Ireland with the ſame Liberty upon whatſoever
ſeem'd no leſs intent upon the Ruin of he ſaid; taking all Occaſions of bitter-
that unfortunate Lord, than England ly inveighing againſt his Perſon ; which
and Scotland; there being ſuch a Cor- reproachful Way of Carriage was look'd
reſpondence ſettled, between Weſtmin- upon with ſo much Approbation, that
ſter and Dublin, that whatſoever was one of the Managers (Mr. Palmer) loſt
practiſed in the Houſe of Commons all his Credit and Intereſt with them,
here, was ſoon after done likewiſe there; and never recover'd it, for uſing a De-
and as Sir George Ratcliff was accus'd cency and Modeſty in his Carriage and
here of High Treaſon, upon Pretence Language towards him ; though the
of being a Confederate with the Earl Weight of his Arguments preſs'd more
in his Treaſons; but in Truth that he upon the Earl, than all the Noiſe of
might not be capable of giving any E. the reſt.
vidence on the Behalf of him; and • The Tryal laſted eighteen Days; in
thereupon ſent for into this Kingdom : which, All the bafty or proud Expres-
So all, or moſt of the other Perfons, fions, or Words he had utter'd at any
who were in any Truſt with the Earl, Time ſince he was first made a Privy-
and ſo privy to the Grounds and Rea- Counſellor ; all the Acts of Paſſion or
ſons of the Counſels there, and only Power that he had exerciſed in Yorkſhire,
able to make thoſe apparent, were ac- from the Time that he was first Preſident
cuſed by the Houſe of Commons in there ; bis engaging himſelf in Projelts
that Kingdom of High Treaſon ; under in Ireland, as the ſole making of Flax,
the general Impeachment, of Endea- and ſelling Tobacco in that Kingdom ; bis
vouring to ſubvert the Fundamental Laws billetting of Soldiers, and exerciſing of
of that Kingdom, and to introduce an ar Martial Law theré; his extraordinary
bitrary Power ; which ſerv’d the Turn Way of proceeding againſt the Lord
there, to ſecure their Perſons, and to Mountnorris, and the Lord Chancellor
remove them from Couocils, as it had Loftus ; his aſſuming a Power of Judi-
done here.
cature at the Council-Table, to determine
And on Monday, the Twenty-ſecond private Intereſts, and Matter of Inberi-
of March, 1640. the Earl of Strafford tance ; fome rigorous and extrajudicial
was brought to the Bar in Westminſter: Determinations in Cafes of Plantations;
Hall; the Lords ſitting in the middle ſome high Diſcourſes at the Council-Table
of the Hall in their Robes; and the in Ireland ; ſome caſual and light Dif-
Commoners, and ſome Strangers of courſes at his own Table, and at publick
Quality, with the Scotiſh Commiſſion- Meetings; and laſtly, fome Words spoken
ers, and the Committee of Ireland; on in ſecret Council in this Kingdom, after
either Side; there being a cloſe Box the Diſſolution of the laſt Parliament,
made at one End, at a very convenient were urged and preſs’d againſt him, to
Diſtance for hearing, in which the make good the general Charges of an En-
King and Queen fate untaken Notice deavour to overthrow the Fundamental
of : His Majeſty, out of Kindneſs and Government of the Kingdom, and to in-
Curioſity, deſiring to hear all that could troduce an Arbitrary Power.
be alledged ; of which, I believe, he The Earl behaved himſelf with great
afterwards repented himſelf; when his Shew of Humility and Submiſſion; but
having been preſent at the Tryal, was yet, with ſuch a Kind of Courage, as
alledged and urged to him, as an Ar- would loſe no Advantage ; and, in
gument for the paſſing the Bill of At- truth, made his Defence with all ima-
tainder.
ginable Dexerity; anſwering this
After the Earl's Charge was read, Charge, and evading that, with all
and an Introduction made by Mr. Pym, poſſible Skill and Eloquence ; and
in which he call'd him the Wicked Earl; though he knew not, till he came to
ſome Member of the Houſe of Com- the Bar, upon what Parts of his Charge
mons, according to their. Parts aſiign'd, they would proceed againſt him, or
being a Lawyer, applied and preſs'd what Evidence they would produce, he
the Evidence, with great Licence and took very little Time to recollect him-
Sharpneſs of Language ; and when the ſelf,' and left nothing unſaid that might
Earl had made his Defence, replied make for his own Juſtification.
29
Bb
For
.
28
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
For the Buſineſs of Ireland; he com- ftitution and Fundamental Cuſtoms of that
plain'dº much, That by an Order from Kingdom ; and bad, in all Times, deter:
the Committee which prepared his Charge mind Matters of the ſame Nature, which
againſt him, all bis Papers in that King- it had done in bis Time ; and that the
dom, by which he ſhould make bis Defence, Proceedings there upon Plantations,
were ſeiz'd and taken from him ; and by bad been with the Advice of the Judges,
Virtue of the fame Order, all bis Goods, upon a clear Title of the Crown, and up-
Houſhould-Stuff, Plate, and Tobacco on great Reaſon of State ; and that the
(amounting, as he ſaid, to eighty thou- Nature and Diſpoſition of that people,
Sand Pounds) were likewiſe ſeiz'd; so required a ſevere Hand and ſtriet Reins
that be had not Money to ſubſiſt in Pri- to be beld upon them, which being looſed,
son : That all thoſe Miniſters of State the Crown would quickly feel the Mif-
in Ireland, who were moſt privy to the chief.
Afts for which he was queſtion'd, and ſo For the ſeveral Diſcourſes, and
could give the beſt Evidence and Teſtimo- Words, wherewith he was charged ;
ny on bis Behalf, were impriſon'd under he denied many, and explain’d and
the Charge of Treaſon : Yet be a- put a Gloſs upon others, by the Reaſon
verr'd, That he had behav'd himſelf in and Circumſtances of the Debate. One
that Kingdom, according to the Power Particular, on which they much infift-
and Authority granted by his Commiſion ed, though it was ſpoken twelve Years
and Inſtructions; and according to the before, That he jould ſay in the publick
Rules and Cuſtoms obfervid by former Hall in York, that the little Finger of
Deputies and Lieutenants. That the the Prerogative should lie heavier upon
Monopolies of Flax and Tobacco, bad them than the Loins of the Law, he di-
been undertaken by him for the Good of rectly inverted ; and proved, by two
that Kingdom, and Benefit of his Ma- or three Perſons of Credit, That be ſaid
jeſty : The former eſtabliſhing a moſt be- (and the Occaſion made it probable,
neficial Trade and good Huſbandry, not being upon the Buſineſs of Knighthood,
before praetiſed there ; and the latter which was underſtood to be a legal
bringing a Revenue of above forty thou- Tax) the little Finger of the Law was
ſand Pounds to the Crown, and advanc- heavier than the Loins of the Preroga-
ing Trade, and bringing no Damage to tive; that Impoſition for Knighthood,
the Subject. That billeting of Soldiers amounting to a much higher Rate, than
(which was alledged to be Treaſon, by any Act of the Prerogative which had
à Statute made in Ireland in the Time been exerciſed. However, he ſaid, be
of King Henry the Sixth) and the exer- hop'd no Indiſcretion, or Unſkilfulneſs,
ciſing of Martial Law, had been always or Paſſion, or Pride of Words, would
practiſed by the Lieutenants and Deputies amount to Treaſon ; and for Miſdemea-
of that Kingdom ; which he provºd by nours, be was ready to submit to their
the Teſtimony and Confeſſion of the Juſtice.
Earl of Cork, and the Lord Wilmot He made the leaſt, that is, the worſt
neither of which, deſired to ſay more Excuſe, for thoſe two Acts againſt the
for his Behoof, than inevitably they Lord Mountnorris, and the Lord
muſt. He ſaid, The A&t of Parliament Chancellor ; which indeed were power-
mention'd of Henry the Sixth, concern’d ful Acts, and manifeſted a Nature ex-
not him ; it comprehending only the infe- ceffively. Imperious ; and no Doubt,
rior Subjects, and making it penal to caus'd a greater Dinike and Terror, in
them to billet Soldiers, not the Deputy, ſober and diſpaſſionate Perſons, than all
or Supreme Commander; if it did, that that was alledgʻd againſt him. A Ser-
it was repealid by Poyning's Aet, in the vant of the Earl's, one Annefly (Kinf-
eleventh Year of Henry the Seventh : man to Mountnorris) attending on his
However, if it were not, and that it Lord during ſome Fit of the Gout, had
were Treaſon Still, it was Treaſon only in by Accident, or Negligence, ſuffer'd
Ireland, and not in England ; and a Stool to fall upon the Earl's Foot ;
therefore, that be could not be tried bere enrag'd with the Pain whereof, his
for it, but muſt be tranſmitted thither. Lordſhip with a ſmall Cane ſtruck An-
He ſaid, The Council-Table in Ireland, neſly; this being merrily ſpoken of at
had a large legal Juriſdi&tion, by the In. Dinner, at a Table where the Lo
1
3
Moint-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 99
Mountnorris was '(I think, the Lord Court, to proceed without any Reſpect or
Chancellor’s) He ſaid, The Gentleman Favour or Kindneſs to himſelf; and that,
hed a Brother that would not have taken as ſoon as be underſtood the Judgment of
ſuch a Blow
This coming ſome the Council, which was unanimous, be
Months after to the Deputy's hearing; declared publickly (as he had likewiſe
he caus'd a Council of War to be done before) That a Hair of bis Head
call'd; the Lord Mountnorris being an hould not periſh; and immediately wrote
Oficer of the Army; where, upon an an earneſt Letter to his Majeſty, for the
Article of moving Sedition, and ſtir- procuring his Pardon; which was by bis
ring up the Soldiers againſt the Gene- Majeſty, upon his Lordſhip's Recommen-
ral, he was charg'd with thoſe Words dation and Mediation, granted accord-
formerly ſpoken at the Lord Chancel- ingly; and thereupon the Lord Mount-
lor's Table. What Defence he made, norris was ſet at Liberty ; though, it
I know not ; for he was fo turpriz’d, is true, he was, after his Enlargement,
that he knew not what the Matter was, 'not ſuffer'd to come to England. He con-
when he was ſummond to that Coun- cluded, That the Lord Mountnorris was
cil; but the Words being prov'd, he an inſolent Perſon ; and that he took this
was deprivºd of his Office (being then Courſe to humble him; and that he would
Vice-Treaſurer) and his Foot-Compa- be very well content, that the ſame Courſe
ny; committed to Priſon, fentenced, might be taken to reform him; if the ſaine
To loſe bis Head. The Office, and Care might likewiſe be that it might
Company, were immediately diſpos'd prove no more to his Prejudice, than the
of; and he impriſon'd till the King other had been to that Lord.
ſent him over a Pardon, by which he But the Standers by, made another
was diſcharg'd with his Life; all the Excuſe for him : That the Lord Mount-
other Parts of the Sentence being fully norris was a Man of great Induſtry, Ac-
executed.
tivity, and Experience, in the Affairs of
This ſeem'd to all Men a moſt pro- Ireland ; having raiſed himſelf from a
digicus Courſe of Proceeding; that in private mean Condition (having been an
a Time of full Peace, a Peer of the inferior Servant to the Lord Chicheſter)
Kingdom, and a Privy-Counſellor ; to the Degree of e Viſcount, and a Privy-
for an unadviſed, paſſionate, myſteri- Counſellor, and to a very ample Revenue
ous Word (for the Expreſſion was ca- in Lands and Offices; and had always,
pable of many Interpretations) ſhould by ſervile Flattery and ſordid Applica-
be called before a Council of War, tion, wrought himſelf into Truſt and
which could not reaſonably be under- Nearneſs with all Deputies, at their firſt
ſtood to have then a Juriſdiction over Entrance upon their Charge, informing
ſuch Perſons, and in ſuch Caſes; and them of the Defects and Overſights of their
without any Proceſs, or Formality of Predecesſors; and, after the Determina-
Defence, in two Hours ſhould be de- tion of their Commands, and Return into
- priv'd of his Life and Fortune ; the England, informing the State bere, and
Injuſtice whereof ſeem'd the more for- thoſe Enemies they uſually contra£ted in
midable, for that the Lord Mountnorris that Time, of whatſoever they had done,
was known, for ſome Time before, to or ſuffer'd to be done amiſs ; whereby,
ſtand in great Jealouſy and Disfavour they either ſuffer'd Diſgrace, or Damage,
with the Earl, which made it look'd as ſoon as they were recalld from thoſe
on as a pure Act of Revenge; and gave Honours. In this Manner, he begun
all Men warning, how they truſted with his own Maſter, the Lord Chiche-
themſelves in the Territories where he ſter; and continued the ſame Arts upon
commanded.
the Lord Grandiſon, and the Lord Falk-
The Earl diſcharg'd himſelf of the land, who ſucceeded ; and upon that
Rigour and Severity of the Sentence, Score, procured Admiſion and Trust with
and laid it upon the Council of War; the Earl of Strafford, upon his first Ad-
where he himſelf not only forbore to be miſſion to that Government : So that this
preſent, but would not ſuffer bis Brother, Dilemma ſeem'd unqueſtionable, That ei-
who was an Oficer of the Army, to ſtay ther the Deputy of Ireland muſt deſtroy
there : He faid; He had conjured the my Lord Mountnorris, whilft be conti-
nued
.
4
I OO
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
was
nued in that Office, or my Lord Mount- Mountnorris : For the Chancellor, ben
norris muſt deſtroy the Deputy, as ſoon as ing a Perſon of great Experience, Sub-
bis Commiſion was determin'd.
tilty, and Prudence, had been always
The Caſe of the Lord Chancellor, very fevere to departed Deputies; and
ſeem'd; to common Underſtandings, not over agreeable, nor in any Degree
an Act of leſs Violence, becauſe it con ſubmiſſive to their full Power ; and tak-
cern'd not Life ; and had ſome Shew ing himſelf to be the ſecond Perſon in
of Formality at leaſt, if not Regularity the Kingdom, during the holding of
in the Proceeding; and that which wa his Place, thought himſelf little leſs
amiſs in it, took its Growth from a no than equal to the firſt, who could natu-
bler Root than the other. The Endea- rally hope but for a Term of Years in
vour was, to compel the Lord Chan- that Superiority; neither had he ever
cellor to ſettle more of his Land, and before met with the leaſt Check, that
in another Manner, upon his eldeſt might make him ſuſpect a Diminution
Son, than he had a Mind to, and than of his Authority or Intereſt.
he could legally be compellid to: This That which was with moſt Solemnity
the Earl, upon a Paper Petition pre- and Expectation alledged againſt the
ferr'd to him by the Wife of that Son Earl, as the Hinge upon which the
(a Lady, for whom the Earl had ſo Treaſon was principally to hang, was a
great a Value and Eſteem, that it Diſcourſe of the Earl's in the Commit-
made his Juſtice the more ſuſpected) tee of State (which they call'd the Cá-
preſs’d, and in the End order'd him to binet Council) upon the Diffolution of
do. The Chancellor refus'd ; the former Parliament, Sir Harry Vane,
committed to Priſon; and ſhortly after, the Secretary of State, gave in Evi-
the Great Seal taken from him; which dence, That the King at that Time
he had kept with great Reputation of calling that Committee to him, aſk'd
Ability for the Space of above twenty them, Since he faild of the Aſiſtance
Years. In the preſſing this Charge, and Supply expeeted by Subſidies, what
many Things of Levity, as certain Let- Courſe be Mould now take? Thazhthe
ters of great Affection and Familiarity Earl of Strafford anſwer'd, Sir, You
from the Earl to that Lady, which have now done your Duty, and your Sub-
were found in her Cabinet after her jects have faild in theirs; and therefore
Death ; others of Paſſion, were expos'd you are abſolv'd from the Rules of Go-
to the publick View, to procure Preju- vernment, and may Supply yourſelf by ex-
dice rather to his Gravity and Diſcre- traordinary Ways; you may proſecute the
tion, than that they were in any De- War vigorouſly ; you have an Army in
gree material to the Buſineſs.
Ireland, with which you may reduce this
The Earl ſaid little more to it, than Kingdom.
That he hoped, what Paſion foever, or The Earl of Northumberland being
what Injuſtice foever, might be found in examin’d, for the Confirmation of this
that Proceeding, and Sentence, there Proof, remember?d only, that the Earl
would be no Treaſon ; and that, for his had ſaid, You have done your Duty, and
Part, he had yet Reaſon to believe; what are now abſolv'd from the Rules of Go-
he had done was very just ; ſince it had vernment; but not a Word of the Ar-
been review'd by his Majeſty, and his my in Ireland, or reducing this King-
Privy-Council bere, upon an Appeal from dom. The Lord Marquis Hamilton,
the Lord Viſcount Ely (the degraded the Lord Biſhop of London, and the
Lord Chancellor) and upon a Solemn Lord Cottington, being likewiſe exa-
Hearing there, which took up many Days, min’d, anſwer'd upon their Oaths,
it had receiv'd a Confirmation.
That they heard none of thoſe Words spo-
But the Truth is, That rather accus'd ken by the Earl. And theſe were the
the Earl of an Exceſs of Power, than only Perſons preſent at that Debatt,
abfolvd him of Injuſtice ; for moſt fave only the Arch-Biſhop of Carter-
Men that weigh'd the whole Matter, bury, and Secretary Winebank, neither
believ'd it to be a high Act of Op- of which could be examin'd, or would
preſſion; and not to be without a Mix be believ'd.
ture of thar Policy, which was ſpoken The Earl poſitively denied the
of before in the Caſe of the Lord Words; alledged much Animoſity to
be
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
IOL
·be in Sir Harry Vane towards him; Proſecutor, in what Manner to proceed
and obſerv'd, that not one of the other and determine : Others, with much
Witneſſes, who were likewiſe preſent, Bitterneſs, inveighing againſt the Pre-
end as like to remember what was ſpoken, ſumption of thoſe Lawyers, that durst be
as the Secretary, heard one Word of the of Counſel with a Perſon accuſed by thesiz
Iriſh Army, or reducing this Kingdom ; of High Treaſon, and moving, That they
that if he had. Spoken thoſe Words, it might be ſent for, and proceeded against
could not be underſtood to be ſpoken of for that Contempt: Whereas, they were
England, but of Scotland, of which the not only obliged to it, by the Honou
Diſcourſe was, and for which that Ar- Sand Duty of their Profeſſion; but had
my was known to be rais'd. He con been pnniſhable for refuſing to ſubmit
cluded, That if the Words were ſpoken to the Lords Orders. The Matter was
by him, which he expreſsly denied, they too groſs to receive any publick Order,
were not Treaſon ; and if they were and ſo the Debate ended; but ſerv'd
Treaſon, that by a Statute made in Ed- (and no doubt that was the Intention)
ward the Sixth's Time, one Witneſs was to let thoſe Gentlemen know, how wa-
not sufficient to prove it, and that bere rily they were to demean themſelves,
was but one.
left the Anger of that terrible Congre-
Seventeen Days being ſpent in the gation ſhould be kindled againſt them.
whole Progreſs of this Tryal ; the Earl But truly I have not heard that it
having defended himſelf with wonder- made any Impreſſion upon thoſe Per-
ful Dexterity and Ability, concluded, fons ; it did not, I am ſure, upon Mr.
That if the whole Charge (in which he Lane, who argued the Matter of Law
hoped he had given their Lordſhips for the Earl. The Matters which were
Satisfaction of his Loyalty and Integri- by him principally inſiſted on, and
ty, how great foever his Infirmities averr'd with ſuch Confidence as a Man
were) was prov'd, that the whole made uſes who believes himſelf, were theſe :
bim 12ot guiliy of High Treaſon; and to 1. That by the Wiſdom and Ten-
that Purpoſe deſired, that his learned derneſs of Parliaments, which knew
Council might be heard; and moſt pa- that there could not be a greater Snare
thetically conjured their Lordfhips, for the Subject, than to leave the Na-
That for their own Sakes, they would ture of Treaſon undefined and unlimit-
not, out of Diſpleaſure or Disfavour to- ed, all Treaſons were particularly men. ,
wards his Perſon, create a Precedent to. tion'd and fet down in the Statute of
the Prejudice of the Peerage of England, the 25 Edw. III. de Proditionibus,
and wound themſelves through bis Sides;. That nothing is Treaſon, but what is
which was goud Counſel; and hath comprehended within that Statute ; and
been ſince (though too late) acknow- that no Words or Actions, in any of
ledged to be fo.
the Articles of the Earl of Strafford's
The next Day, his Council was Charge, did amount to Treaſon within
heard in the ſame Place to the Matter that Statute.
of Law. And here I cannot paſs by 2. That by reaſon of the Clauſe in
an Inſtance of as great Animoſity, and that Statute of declaring Treaſon in
indirect Proſecution, in that Circum- Parliament, divers Actions were de-
ſtance of aſſigning him Council as can clared, to be Treaſons in Parliament,
be given... After the Houſe of Peers in the Time of King Richard the Se-
had affign'd him fuch Council as he de- cond, to the great Prejudice of the
fired, to affiſt him in Matter of Law Subject : It was therefore ſpecially
(which never was, or can juftly be de- provided, and enacted, by a Statute in
nied to the moſt ſcandalous Felon, the the firſt Year of the Reign of King
moſt inhuman Murderer, or the moſt Henry the Fourth, Chapter the Tenth,
infamous Traitor) the Houſe of Com- which is ſtill in force, That nothing
mons, upon ſome Occaſion, took Now ſhould be declared and judged Treaſon,
tice of it with Paſſion and Diſlike, but what was ordain'd in that Statute
fomewhat unſkilfully, That ſuch a of the 25 Edw. III. by which Statute,
Thing jould be done without their con- all Power of declaring new Treaſons in
ſent; which was no more, than that Parliament, was taken away ; and that
the Judge ſhould be directed by the no Precedent of any ſuch Declaration
сс
in
30
102
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
in Parliament can be ſhew'd ſince that ful Alacrity, and immediately read the
Time.
firſt and the ſecond Time, and ſo com-
3. That the Foundation upon which initted; which was not uſual in Parlia-
the Impeachment was framed, was Er ments, except in Matters of great Con-
roneous; for that an Endeavour to ſub- cernment and Conveniency in the par-
vert the Fundamental Laws and Sta- ticular; or of little Importance or Mo-
tutes of the Realm, by Force attempted, ment in the general. Thoſe who.at
is not Treaſon, being only made Felo- firſt conſented, upon flight Informa-
ny by the Statute of the Firſt Year of tion, to his Impeachment, upon no
Queen Mary, Chapter the Twelfth ; other Reaſon, but becauſe they were
which is likwiſe expired. That Cardi- only to accuſe, and the Lords to judge;
nal Woolſey, in the Thirty-third Year and ſo thought to be troubled no more
of King Henry the Eighth, was indicted with it, being now as ready to judge,
only of a Prémunire, for an Endeavour as they had been to accuſe ; finding
to bring in the Imperial Laws into ſome new Reaſons to ſatisfy themſelves,
this Kingdom. And that an Endeavour, of which one was, They had gone too far
or Intention, to levy War, was made to fit ſtill, or retire.
Treaſon, only by a Statute of the 13th A Day or two before the Bill of At-
Elizabeth (a Țime very Inquiſitive for tainder was brought into the Houſe of
Treaſon) which expir'd with her Life. Commons, there was a very remarkable
4. Laſtly, That if any Thing was Paffage, of which the Pretence was, To
alledged againſt the Earl which might make one Witneſs, with divers Circumi-
be Penal to him, it was not ſufficiently ſtances, as good as two ; though I be-
and legally prov'd; for that by the lieve it was directed in truth to an End
Statute of the Firſt Year of King Ed. very foreign to that which was propo-
ward the Sixth, Chapter the Twelfth, fed. The Words of the Earl of Straf-
No Man ought to be arraign’d, in- ford, by which, his Endeavour to alter
dicted, or condemn'd, of any Treaſon, the Frame of Government, and his In-
unleſs it be upon the Teſtimony of two tention to levy War, ſhould principally
lawful and ſufficient Witneſſes, produ- appear, were proved ſingly by Sir
ced in the Preſence of the Party accu- Henry Vane; which had been often
fed ; unleſs the Party confeſs the ſame; "averr’d, and promiſed, ſhould be prov-
• and if it be for Words, within three ed by ſeveral Witneſſes ; and the Law
Months after the ſame ſpoken, if the was clear, Thet leſs than two Witneljes
Party be within the Kingdom: Where- ought not to be receivd in caſe of
as there was in this Caſe only one Wit- Treaſon.
neſs, Sir Henry Vane, and the Words To make this. ſingle Teſtimony ap-
ſpoken fix Months before.
pear as ſufficient as if it had been con-
The Caſe being thus ftated on the firm'd by more, Mr. Pym inform’d the
Earl's Behalf, the Judgment of the Houſe of Commons, Of the Grounds
Lords, in whom the ſole Power of Ju- · upon which he firſt adviſed that Charge,
dicature' was conceiv'd to be, was by and was ſatisfied that he ſhould ſuffi-
all Men expected; the Houſe of Com- ciently prove it. That ſome Months
mons having declar'd, That they in. before the beginning of this Parliament
tended not to make any Reply to the Ar- he had viſited young Sir Henry Vane,
gument of Law made by Mr. Lane, it eldeſt Son to the Secretary who was
being below their Dignity to contend with then newly recover'd from an Ague ;
a private Lawyer. Indeed they had a that they being together, and condol-
more convincing Way to proceed by; ing. the fad Condition of the Kingdom,
for the next Day after that Argument, by reaſon of the many illegal Taxes and
Sir Arthur Hoflerig (Brother in Law to Preſſures, Sir Henry told him, if he
the Lord Brook) an abſurd, bold Man, wonld call upon him the next Day, he
brought up by Mr. Pym, and ſo em would ſhew him ſomewhat that would
ploy'd by that Party to make any At- give him much Trouble, and inform .
tempt, preferr'd a Bill in the Houſe of him, what Counſels were like to be
Commons, For the Attainder of the follow'd to the Ruin of the Kingdom ;
Earl of Strafford of High Treaſon. for that he had, in Perufal of lome of
Tlic Bill was receiv'd with wonder. his Father's Papers, accidentally met
with
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
IOS
with the Reſult of the Cabinet Council and thereupon requir'd the Key of that
upon the Diffolution of the laſt Parlia- Cabinet from the Secretary, as if he
ment, which comprehended the Reſo- ftill wanted ſomewhat towards the Bu-
lutions then taken.
ſineſs his Father had directed; and ſo
The next Day he ſhew'd him a little having gotten that Key, he found,
Paper of the Secretary's own writing; amongſt other Papers, that mention'd
in which was contain’d the Day of the by Mr. Pym ; which made that Im-
Month, and the Reſults of ſeveral Dif- preſſion in hin, that he thought him-
courſes made by ſeveral Counſellors; ſelf bound in Conſcience to commu-
with ſeveral Hieroglyphicks, which nicate it to ſome Perſon of better Judg-
ſufficiently expreſs'd the Perſons by ment than himſelf, who might be more
whom thoſe Diſcourſes were made. able to prevent the Miſchiefs that were
The Matter was of ſo tranſcendent a threatend within; and ſo ſhew'd it to
Nature, and the Counſel ſo prodigious, Mr. Pym; and being confirm’d by
with Reference to the Common-wealth, him, that the ſeaſonable Diſcovery
that he deſir'd he might take a Copy thereof might do no leſs than preſerve
of it; which the young Gentleman the Kingdom, had conſented that he
would by no Means conſent to, fearing ſhould take a Copy thereof, which to
it might prove prejudicial to his Fa- his Knowledge he had faithfully done;
ther. But when Mr. Pyn inform’d and thereupon, had laid the Original
him, That it was of extreme Confe- in its proper Place again, in the Red
quence to the Kingdom, and that a Velvet Cabinet. He ſaid, He knew
Time might probably come, when the this Diſcovery would prove little leſs
Diſcovery of this, might be a ſovereign than his Ruin in the good opinion of
Means to preſerve both Church and his Father ; but having been induc'd,
State, he was contented that Mr. Pyn by the Tenderneſs of his Conſcience
ſhould take a Copy of it; which he towards his Common Parent his Coun-
did, in the Preſence of Sir Henry Vane; try, to treſpaſs againſt his natural Fa-
and having examin'd it together with ther, he hoped he ſhould find Com-
him, deliver'd the Original again to paſſion from that Houſe, though he
Sir Henry. That he had carefully kept had little Hopes of Pardon elſewhere.
his Copy by him, without communi The Son no ſooner ſat down, than
cating the ſame to any body, till the the Father (who, without any coun-
beginning of this Parliament, which terfeiting, had a natural Appearance of
was the Time he conceiv'd fit to make Sternneſs) roſe, with a pretty Confu-
uſe of it; and that then, meeting with ſion, and ſaid, That the Ground of his
many other Inſtances of the Earl's ill Misfortune was now diſcover'd to him
Diſpoſition to the Kingdom, it ſatisfied that he had been much amazed, when
him to move whatſoever he had moy he found himſelf preſs'd by ſuch Inter-
ed, againſt that great Perſon.
rogatories, as made him ſuſpect ſome
When Mr. Pym had ended, young Diſcovery to be made, by ſome Per-
Sir Harry Vane roſe, in fome ſeeming ſons as converſant in the Counſels as
Diſorder, confeſs'd all that the other himſelf: But he was now ſatisfied to
had ſaid; and added, That his Father whom he ow'd his Misfortunes ; in
being in the North with the King the which, he was ſure, the guilty Perſon
Summer before, had ſent up his Keys ſhould bear his Share.
That it was
to his Secretary, then at White-Hall ; true, being in the North with the
and had written to him (his Son) that King; and that unfortunate Son of his
he ſhould take from him thoſe Keys, having married a virtuous Gentlewoman
which open'd his Boxes where his Wri- (D.aughter to a worthy Member then
tings and Evidences of his Land were, preſent) to whom there was ſomewhat
to the End that he might cauſe an Al in Juſtice and Honour due, which was
ſurance to be perfected which concern'd noc fufficiently ſettled; he had ſent his
his Wife; and that He having peruſed Keys to this Secretary ; not well know-
thoſe Evidences, and diſpatch'd what ing in wh:it Box the material Writings
depended thereupon, had the Curioſity lay, and directed him, to ſuffer his
to ſee what was in a Red Velvet Cabi- Son to look after thoſe Evidences which
net which flood with the other Boxes ; were neceffury; that by tliis Occaſion,
it
3
P
19
9
104
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
much of this Trouble. That for his bis ſecond Examination, remember'd
it ſeem'd, thoſe Papers had been exa- nefs, who being first examin'd, denied
min'd and peruſed, which had begot that the Earl ſpoke thoſe Words; and at
Part, after the Summons of this Parlia- ſome; end at his third, the rest of the
ment, and the King's Return to London, Words : And thereupon, related ma-
he had acquainted his Majeſty, that he ny Circumſtances, and made many
had many Papers remaining in his ſharp Obſervations upon what had
Hands, of ſuch 'Tranſactions as were paſs'd; which - none but one of the
not like to be of further Uſe; and Committee could have done ; for which
therefore, if his Majeſty pleaſed, he he was preſently after queſtion’d in the
would burn them, leſt by any Accident Houſe, but made his Defence ſo well,
they might come into Hands that and ſo much to the Diſadvantage of
might make an ill Uſe of them : To thoſe who were concern'd, that from
which his Majeſty conſenting, he had that Time, they proſecuted him with
burn'd many; and amongſt them, the an implacable Rage, and Uncharitable-
Original Reſults of thoſe Debates, of neſs upon all Occaſions. The Bill
which, that which was read was pre- paſs’d with only fifty-nine diſſenting
tended to be a Copy; that to the Par- Voices, there being near two hundred
ticulars he could fay nothing more, in the Houſe; and immediately ſent up
than what he had upon his Examination to the Lords, with this Addition, That
expreſs’d, which was exactly true, and the Commons would be ready the next
he would not deny; though by what Day in Weſtminſter-Hall to give their
he had heard that Afternoon (with Lordſhips Satisfa£tion in the Matter of
which he was ſurprized and amazed) Law, upon what had paſs’d at the
he found himſelf in an ill Condition Tryal.
upon that Teſtimony.
The Earl was then again brought to
This Scene was ſo well acted, with the Bar ; the Lords ſitting as before,
ſuch Paſſion and Geſtures, between the in their Robes; and the Commons as
Father and the Son, that many Speeches they had done : Amongſt them, Mr.
were made in Commendation of the Sollicitor Saint-Yohn, from his Place
Conſcience, Integrity, and Merit, of the argued for the Space of near half an
young Man, and a Motion made, That Hour the Matter of Law, of the Ar-
the Father might be enjoyn’d by the gument itſelf I ſhall fay little, it being
Houſe to be Friends' with his Son; but in Print, and in many Hands; I ſhall
for ſome Time there was, in Publick, only remember two notable Propofi-'
a great Diſtance obſerv'd between tions, which are ſufficient Characters of
them.
the Perſon and the Time. Leſt what
The Bill of Attainder in few Days had been ſaid on the Earl's Behalf, in
paſs’d the Houſe of Commons ; though point of Law, and upon the Want of
fome Lawyers, of great and known Proof, ſhould have made an Impreſſion
Learning, declar'd, That there was no in their Lordſhips ; he averr'd, That,
Ground or Colour in Law, to judge in that Way of Bill, Private Satisfac-
him guilty of High Treaſon; and the tion to each Man's Conſcience was ſuffi-
Lord Digby (who had been, from the cient, although no Evidence had been
beginning of that Committee for the given in at all : And as to the preſſing
Proſecution, and had much more Pre- the Law, he ſaid, It was true, we give
judice than Kindneſs to the Earl) in a Law to Hares, and Deer, becauſe they
very pathetical Speech declar'd, That are Beaſts of Chafe; but it was never
he could not give his Conſent to the Bill; accounted either Cruelty, or foul Play,
not only, for that he was unſatisfied in to knock Foxes and Wolves on the Head
the Matter of Law, but, for that be as they can be found, becauſe they are
was more unſatisfied in the Matter of Beaſts of Prey. In a Word, the Law
Faet; thoſe Words, upon which the Im- and the Humanity were alike; the one
peachment was principally grounded, be- being more fallacious, and the other
ing so far from being prov'd by two Wit more barbarous, than in any Age had
neſſes, that he could not acknowledge it been vented in ſuch an Auditory.
to be by one ; ſince he could not adinit The fame Day, as a better Argu-
Sir Harry Vane to be a 'competent Wit ment to the Lords ſpeedily to paſs the
Bill,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 105
Bill, the nine and fifty Members of the verence and Kindrets, as Biſhop More-
Houſe of Commons, who had diffent: ton, Biſhop Hall, and ſome other of
ed from that Act, 'had their Names the leſs formal, and more popular
written in Pieces of Parchment or Pa- Prelates · And he was as much devo-
per, under this Superſcription, STRAF- ted as any Man to the Book of Com-
FORDIANS; ör Enemies ta their Coun- mon Prayer, and oblig'd all his Ser-
try; and thoſe Papers fix'd upon Poſts, vants tở be conſtantly preſent with him
and other the moſt viſible Places about at it; his Houſhold "Chaplain being
the City ; which was as great and always a moſt conformable Man, and
deſtructive a Violation of the Privileges a good Scholar.
and Freedom of Parliament, as can be In Truth, in the Houſe of Peers;
imagin'd; yet, being complain’d of there were only, at that Time taken
in the Houfe; not the leaſt Countenance Notice of, the Lord's Say and Brooke;
was given to the Complaint ; of the as poſitive Enemies to the whole Fa-
leaſt Care taken for the Diſcovery: brick of the Church; and to deſire a
The Perſons who had ſtill the Con- Diffolution of that Government; the
duct of the Deſigns, began to find, Earl of Warwick himſelf having never
that their Friends abroad (of whoſe diſcover'd any Averſion to Epiſcopacy;
Help. they had ftill great need; for the and much profeſs’d the contrary,
getting Petitions to be brought to the In the Houſe of Commons; though
Houſe; and for all tumultuous Ap- of the chief Leaders, Nathaniel Fiennes,
pearances irithe, City; and Negotia- and young Sir Harry Vane; and ſhort-
tions with the Common Council) were ly after Mr. Hambden (who had not
not at all ſatisfied with them, for their before own'd it) were believ'd to be
Want of Zeal in the Matter of Reli- for Root and Branch; which grew
gion : And though they had branded ſhortly after a common Expreſſion,
as many of the Biſhops, and others of and Diſcovery of the ſeveral Tempers:
the prelatical Party, as had come in Yet, Mr. Pigm was not of that Mind,
their way; and receiv'd all Petitions nor Mr. Höllis; nor any of the Nor-
againſt the Church with Encourage thern Men, or thoſe Lawyers who drove.
ment: Yer that there was nothing on moſt furiouſly with them; all who
done, or viſibly in Projection to be were pleaſed with the Government it-
done, towards leſſening their Juriſ- ſelf of the Church.
diction; or indulging any of that Li The firſt Deſign that was entertain'd
berty to their weak Brethren, which againſt the Church ; and which was
they had from the beginning expected receiv!d in the Houſe of Commons;
from them. Beſides, the Diſcourſe of with a viſible Countenance and Appro-
their Ambition, and Hopes of Prefer- bation of many, who were neither of
mentat Court, was grown publick and the fame Principles nor Purpoſes; was
raiſed much fealouſy of them. a ſhort Bill that was brought in, To
The Earl of Bedford had no Deſire take away the Biſhops Votes in Parlia.
that there ſhould be any Alteration in ment; and to leave them out in all Com-
the Church; and had always liv'd, to- milions of the Peace; or that had Rea
wards my Lord of Canterbury himſelf, lation to any Temporal Affairs. This
with all Reſpect and Reverence, and was contriv’d, with great Deliberation
frequently viſited and dined with him; and Preparation, to diſpoſe Men to
ſubſcrib'd liberally to the Repair of conſent to it : And to this, many of
St. Paul's Church, and ſeconded all the Houſe of Peers were much diſpo-
pious Undertakings ; though, it is ſed ; and amongſt them, none more
true, he did not countenance notoric than the Earl of Eſex, and all the po:
ouſly thoſe of the Clergy who were un- pular Lords ; why obſervºd; That they
conformable.
ſeldom carried any Thing which directly
The Earl of Eſex, was rather diſ- oppoſed the King's Interest, by reaſon of
pleaſed with the Perſon of the Arch- tbe Number of the Biſhops, who, for the
Biſhop, and ſome other Biſhops, than most part, unanimouſly concurr'd againſt
indevoted to the Function ;, and to- it, and oppoſed many of their other De-
wards ſome of them, hé had great Re- figns : And they believ'd that it could
31
Dd
do
106
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
7
do the Church no barm, by the Biſhops to proceed in all the angry, and chớ-
baving fewer Diverſions from their Spi- lerick Things before them, to the
ritual Charges.
Tryal of the Earl of Strafford; im-
This Bill, for taking away the Bi. peaching ſeveral Biſhops for Innova-
Thops Votes out of the Houſe of Peers, tions, and the like ; . the Houſe of
produced another Diſcovery, which Commons,, being very diligent, to
cait the Conductors farther behind, kindle thoſe Fires which mighe warm
than they were advanced by their Con- the Peers And that the Biſhops might
queſt amongſt the Commons; and dif- ſee how little they had gotten, by ob-
quieted them much more, than the ſtructing the other Bill; they prepar'd
other had exalted them. How cur. a very ſhort Bill, For the utter Eradi.
rently ſoever it had paſs'd in the Lower cation of Biſhops; Deans, and Chapters ;
Houſe ; when it was brought to the with all Chancellors, Officials, and all
Upper, the Lords gave it not ſo gra- Officers, and other Perſons, belonging to
cious à Reception as was expected : either of them ; which they prevaila
Many of the greateſt Men of that with Sir Edward Deering, a Man very
Houſe, grew weary of the Empire oppoſite to all their Deſigns (bur á
which the others had exerciſed over Man of Levity and Vanity ; eaſily
them; and ſome, who had gone with flatter'd, by being commended) to pre-
them, upon their Obſervation that they ſent it to the Houſe.
had worſe Deſigns than they own'd,
As ſoon as the Title of it was read !
fell from them, and took the Opportu- (which was almoſt as long as the Bill
nity to diſcover themſelves upon the: itſelf) it was
moved with great
Debate of this Bill; againſt" which, Warmth, that the Biil might not be
they inveigh'd with great Sharpneſs ;
read: That it was ageinſt the Cuſtom
and blamed the Houſe of Commons, and Rule of the Houſe of Commons, that
For preſuming to meddle with an Affair, any private Perſon ſhould take upon him.
that ſo immediately concern'd themſelves: to bring in a new Act, so much as to
That if they might ſend up a Bill this abrogate and aboliſh any one ſingle. Lave;
Day, at once to take out one, whole Bench and therefore, that it was a wonderful
from the Houſe, as this would do the Preſumption in that Gentleman, seithout
Biſhaps, they might to morrow ſend ano any Communication of bis Purpoſe, or to
ther, to take away the Barons, or ſome much as a Motion that he might do it,
other Degree of the Nobility: With to bring in a Bill, that overthrew and
many more Argumeuts, as the Nature repeald ſo many Aệts of Parliament, and
of the Thing would eaſily adminiſter; changed and confounded the whole Frame
with ſuch Warmth and Vigour, as of the Government of the Kingdom ; and
they had not before expreſs'd. therefore deſired, That it might be re-
This unexpected, and unimagin'd jeeted.
Act, caſt ſuch a Damp upon the Spi The Gentleman who brought it in,
rits of the governing Party, in both made many Excuſes for his Ignorance
Houſes, that they knew not what to in the Cuſtoms of Parliament,, hay-
do :. The Miſchiefs which were in ing never before ſerv'd in any; and ac-
view, by this Diſcovery of the Temper knowledg’d, That he had never read
of the Houſe of Peers, had no Bottom; more than the Title of the Bill; and was.
they were not now fure, that they prevaild with by his Neighbour who ſat
ſhould be able to carry any: Thing; for next to him (who was Sir Arthur Haſle-
the major Part, which threw out this : rig) to deliver it; which he ſatu would
Bill, might croſs them in any Thing have been done by ſome body elſe. Though
they went about; þeſides, the Influence the rejecting it, was earneſtly urged by
it would have in the Houſe of Com- very many; and ought, by the Rules
mons, and every where elſe; for they of the Houſe, to have been done; yet -
knew very well, how many of their all the other People, as violently
Followers therefore followid them, be- preſs’d the reading it; and none ſo im-
cauſe they believ'd they would carry all portunately, as Saint-John, whº was
before them.
at this Time the King's Sollicitor: (who
However, that their Spirits might in Truth had drawn it) he ſaid, No
not be thought to fail, they made haſte body could judge of a Bill by the Title,
which
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
1017
which might be falſe; and this Bill, for Subjects, in the Adminiſtration of his
ought any one knew to the contrari, at Juſtice, and receiving the Fruits of it;
lect, for ought be and
many others knew, that they only were left to the arbitrary
might contain; the eſtabliſsing the Bi- Power of a Preſident and Council, which
Jhops, and granting other Immunities to every Day procured new Authority and
the Church ; inſtead of purſuing the Power to oppreſs them : He told them,
Matter of the Title : And others, as That till the thirty-firſt Year of King Har-
ingeniouſly declaring, Ibat our Orders ry the Eighth, the Adminiſtration of J14-
are in our own Power, and to be alter'd, ftice was the ſame in the North, as in the
or diſpenſed with, as we ſee Cauſe : Weft, or other Parts of the Realm; that
Many out of Curioſity deſiring to hear about that Time, there was fome Inſur-
it read; and more to ſhew the Lords rection in that Country, which produced
that they would not abate their mettal; great Diſorders and Bloodſhed, which
upon their declaring their Pleaſure, the ſpread itſelf to the very Borders of Scot-
Bill was at laſt read; and' no Queſtion land : Whereupon, that King iſſued out
being put, upon the firſt reading, it. a Commiſion to the Arch-Biſhop of York,
was laid by, and not call d upon in a and the principal Gentlemen of thoſe
long-Time after : Many Men being Countries, and ſome learned Lawyers, to
really perſwaded, that there was no examine the Grounds of all thoſe Diſor-
Intention to purſue it ; and that it was ders, and to proceed againſt the Malefac-
only brought in, to manifeſt a Neglect fors with all Severity, according to the
towards the Lords.
Laws of the Land: And: concluded,
The Northern Gentlemen, at with deſiring the Lords to concur in the
leaſt they who were moſt active, fame Senſe, the Houſe of Commons bad
and had moſt Credit (as Hotham, exprefs'd themſelves to be of, with Refe-
and Cholmly, and Stapleton) were rence to the Commiſſion and Inſtructions.
marvelleully follicitous to diſpatch The Speech, and Argument, met
the Commitment of the Bill for taking with good Approbation in both Hou-
away the Court of York; and having ſes; where he got great Credit by it;
after great Debate, and hearing what' and the Earf of Bath, whọ was to re-
all Parties intereſted could offer, got- port it, and had no excellent or grace-
ten the Committee to Vote, That, it ful Pronunciation, came hitnſelf to Mr.
was an illegal Commiſſion, and very pre- Hyde, and deſired a Copy of it, that
judicial to the Liberty and the Property he might not do him wrong in the
of his Majeſty's Subje&ts of thoſe four Houſe, by the Report ; and having re-
Northern Countries, where that Juriſ- ceiv'd it, it was read in the Houſe,
di&tion was exerciſed; They calld up- and by Order entred, and the Paper
on Mr. Hyde (the Chairman) to make · itſelf affix'd to their Journal; where it
the Report : And the Houſe having ſtill remains; and the Houſe of Peers
concurr'd in, and confirm'd the ſame fully concurr'd with the Commons in
Vote; they appointed him to prepare their Vote : So that there was not, in
himſelf to deliver the Opinion of the many Years after, any Attempt, or
Houſe at a Conference with the Houſe of Mention of another Commiſſion.
Peers, and to deſire their Concurrence in The Northern Men' were ſo well
it ; and that they would thereupon be pleaſed, that they reſolvid to move the
Suitors to the King, that there might be Houſe, To give Mr. Hyde publick
no more Commiſions of that Kind grant-. Thanks for the Service he had done
ed; for they had a great Apprehenſion, the Houſe ; but the principal Leaders
that either upon the Earl of Strafford's diverted them from it, by ſaying, That
Reſignation, or his Death (which they he had too much Credit already, and
reſolvid ſhould be very ſhortly) they needed not ſuch an Addition, as be be-
ſhould have a new Preſident put over hav'd himſelf. However, thoſe Nor.
them.
thern Men themſelves continued mar.
Mr. Hyde, at the Conference in the vellouſly kind ; and on his Behalf, on
Painted Chamber told the Lords, That all Occaſions, oppoſed any Combina-
the four Northern Counties were Suitors tion of the moſt powerful of them a-
to their Lordſhips, that they might not be · gainſt him.
diſtinguiſhed from the reſt of his Majeſty's But during the Time that the Buſineſs
of
!
7
108
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
i
of the Earl of Strafford was agitated; fore many who knew him well, thoughé
and hy which he receiv'd much Preju- his Death not unſeaſonable, as well to
dice; was the Death of the Earl of his Fame, as his Fortune ; and that it
Bedford. This Lord was the greateſt reſcued him as well from ſome poſſible
Perſon of Intereſt in all the popular Guilt, as from thoſe, viſible Misfor-
Party, being of the beſt Eſtate, and tunes, which Men of all Conditions
beſt Underſtanding, of the whole have ſince undergone.
Number, and therefore moſt like to As ſoon as the Earl of Bedford was
govern the reſt. He was beſides, of dead, the Lord Say Choping to receive
great Civility, and of much more good the Reward of the Treaſurerſhip) fuc-
Nature than any of the other. And ceeded him in his Undertaking, and
therefore the King reſolving to do his faithfully promiſed the King, That-be
Buſineſs with that Party by him, ré- fbould not be preſs'd in the Matter of the
folvd to make him Lord High Trea- Earl of Strafford's Life ; and under
ſurer of England, in the Place of thé that Promiſe got Credit enough, to
Biſhop of London ; who was as willing perſwade his Majeſty to whatſoever he
to lay down the Office, as any body ſaid was neceſſary to that Buſineſs. And
was to take it up. And to gratify him thereupon, when the Bill was depend-
the moré; at his Deſire, intended to ing with the Lords, and when there
make Mr. Pym Chancellor of the Ex was little Suſpicion that it would paſs,
chequer, as he had done Mr. Saint- though the Houſe of Commons every
John his Sollicitor General (all which Day by Meſſages endeavour'd to quick-
hath been touch'd before) as alſo, that en them, He perſwaded the King, To
Mr. Hollis was to be Secretary of State, go to the Houſe of Peers, and according
the Lord Say Maſter of the Wards, to Cuſtom to ſend for the Houſe of Com-
and the Lord Kimbolton to be Lord mons, and then'to declare bimſelf, That
Privy-Seal after the Death of his Fa-' he could not, with the Safét; of a good
ther, who then held that Place. Others, Conſcience, ever give bis Conſent to the
were to be plac'd about the Prince, and Bill that was there depending before them
to have Offices when they fell. concerning the Earl of Strafford, if it
The Earl of Bedford fecretly under ſhould be brought to him, becauſe he was
took to his Majeſty, that the Earl of not ſatisfied in the Point of Treaſon :
Strafförd's Life ſhould be preſerv'd; But be was ſo fully ſatisfied that the
and to procure his Revenue to be ſet- Earl was unfit ever to ſerve him more,
tled, as ample as any of his Progeni- in any Condition of Employment, that be
tors ; the which he intended ſo really, would join with them in any Act, to make
that, to mý Knowledge, he had in him utterly incapable of ever bearing Of-
Déſign to endeavour to obtain an Act fice, or having any other Employment in
for the ſetting up the Exciſe in Enge any of bis Majeſty's Dominions ; which
land, as the only nátural Means to ad- be hoped would ſatisfy them.
vance the King's Profit. He fell fick, This Advice, upon the Confidence
within a Week after the Bill of At- of the Giver, the King reſolv'd to fol.
tainder was ſent up to the Lords Houſe ; low : But when his Reſolution was
and died ſhortly after, much afflicted imparted to the Earl, he immediately
with the Paſſion and Fury which he ſent his Brother to him, beſeeching his
perceiv'd his Party inclind to; info- Majeſty by no Means to take that Way,
much as he declared, to ſome of near for that he was moſt aſured it would
Trüft with him, That be fear’d, the prove very pernicious to him; and there-
Råge ånd Madneſs of this Parliament, fore deſired, he might depend upon the
would bring more Prejudice and Mif- Honour and Conſcience of the Peers,
chief to the Kingdom than it had ever without his Majeſty's Interpoſition. The
Sufitáin d by the long Intèrmiſſion of Par- King told his Brother, That be bad
liaments. He was a wiſe Man, and taken that Reſolution by the Advice of
would have propoſed and adviſed mo bis beſt Friends ; but ſince he liked it not,
derate Courſes ; but was hot incapable, he would decline it. The next Morning
for want of Reſolution, of being car-. the Lord Say came again to him, and
ried into violent ones, if his Advice finding his Majeſty alter'd in his Inten-
were not ſubmitted to: And there. tion, told him, If he took that Courſe
be
f
A
-
in the Reign of King CHARLES 1.
10g
be adviſed him, he was ſure it would and diſpoſed by the Honourable Houſe of
prevail; but if he declined it, he could Commons, and would defend their Privi-
not promiſe bis Majeſty what would be leges according to their late Proteſtation.
the iſue, and ſhould bold himſelf abſolüte- Thèſe unheard of Acts of Inſolence and
ly diſengaged from any Undertaking: Sedition continued ſo many Days, till
The King obſerving his Poſitiveneſs, many Lords grew fo really apprehenſive
and conceiving his Intentions to be of having their Brains beaten out, that
very ſincere ; fuffered himſelf to be they abſented themſelves from the
guided by him; and went immediately. Houſe ; and others; finding what Se-
to the Houſe, and ſaid as the other had conds the Houſe of Commons were
adviſed. Whether that Lord did in like to have to compaſs whatever they
truth believe the Diſcovery of his Ma- deſired, changed their Minds; and ſo
jeſty's Conſcience in that manner in an Afternoon, when of the Four-
would produce the Effect he foretold ; fcore who had been preſent at the Try-
or whether he adviſed it treacherouſly, al, there were only lix and forty Lords
to bring on thoſe Inconveniences which in the Houſe (the good People ſtill
afterwards happen'd, I know not: crying at the Doors för Juſtice) they
But many who believ'd his Will to be put the Bill to the Queſtion, ånd.eleven
much worſe than his Underſtanding, Lords only diſſenting, it paſs'd that
had the . Uncharitableneſs to think, Houſe, and was ready for the King's
that he intended to betray his Maſter, Affent.
and to put the Ruin of the Earl out of The King continued as reſolv'd as
queſtion.
ever, not to give his Conſent. The
This Event proved very fatal; for fame Oratory then attended him at
the King no ſooner return'd from the White-Håll, which had prevail'd at
Houſe, than the Houſe of Commons, Weſtminſter; and a' Rabble of many
in great Paſſion and Fury, declared thouſand People beſieged that Place,
this laſt Act of his Majeſty's to be the crying out, Juſtice, Juſtice that they
most unparalleld Breach of Privilege, would have Juſtice ; not without great
that had ever happen'd; that if his Ma- and infolent Threats and Expreſſions,
jeſty might take notice what Bills were what they would do, if it were not
palling in either Houſe, and declare his ſpeedily granted. The Privy-Council
Opinion, it was to fore-judge their Couri- was calld together, to adviſe whať
fels, and they ſhould not be able to ſupply Courſe was to be taken to ſuppreſs theſe
the Common-wealth with wholeſome traiterous Riots. Inſtead of conſider-
Laws, ſuitable to the Diſeaſes it labour'd ing how to reſcue their Maſter's Ho-
under ; that this was the greatest Ob- nour and his Conſcience from the in-
ſtruction of Juſtice that could be imagin'd; famous Violence and Conſtraint, they
that they and whoſoever had taken the prefs the King to paſs the Bill of At-
late Proteſtation, were bound to main- tainder, ſaying, There was no other
tain the Privileges of Parliament, which Way to preſerve himſelf and bis Poſte-
were now too groſsly invaded and viola- rity than by so doing; and therefore that
ted: With many ſharp Diſcourſes to be ought to be more tender of the Safety of
that purpoſe.
the Kingdom, than of any one Perſon how
The next Day, great Multitudes of innocent foever ; not one Counſellor in-
People came down to Weſtminſter, and terpoſing his Opinion to ſupport his
crowded about the Houſe of Peers, ex- Maſter's Magnanimity and Innocence:
claiming with great Outcries, That they They who were of that Mind, either
would have fuftice ; and publickly fuppreſſing their Thoughts through
reading the Names of thoſe who had Fear, upon the new Doctrine eſtabliſh'd
diffented from that Bill in the Houſe of then by the new Counſellors, That no
Commons, as Enemies to their Coun- Mun ought to preſume to adviſe any
try; and as any Lord paſs’d by, call'd, thing in that place contrary to the Sense
Juſtice, Juſtice; and with great Rude- of both Houſes; others fadly believing,
neſs and Infolence, preſſing upon, and the Force and Violence offer'd to the
thruſting, thoſe Lords whom they ſuf- King, would be, before God and Man,
pected not to favour that Bill; profef- •a juſt Excuſe for whatſoever he ſhould
ſing aloud, That they would be govern'd do.
32
His
Ee
IIO
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
His Majeſty told them, That what his Favours ; but lively repreſenting
had been propoſed to him to do, was di- the Dangers, which threatned himſelf
reitly.contrary to his Conſcience, and that and his Poſterity, by the King's perfe-
being ſo, he was ſure they would not per- vering in thoſe Favours; and therefore
Swade bim to it, though themſelves were by many Arguments conjuring him no
never so well ſatisfied. To that Point, longer to defer bis Alſent to the Bill, that
they deſir'd him to confer with his Bi- so bis Death might free the Kingdom from
shops, who, they made no queſtion, would the many Troubles it apprehended.
better inform his Conſcience. The Arch The Delivery of this Letter being
biſhop of York was at hand; who, to quickly known,' new Arguments were
his Argument of Conſcience, told him, applied ; That this free Conſent of his
That there was a Private and a Publick nwn, clearly abſolv'd the King from any
Conſcience; that his publick Conſcience as Scruple that could remain with him; and
a King, might not only diſpenſe with, but ſo in the End they extorted from him,
oblige him to do that which was againſt to ſign a Commiſſion to ſome Lords to
bis private Conſcience as a Man: And paſs the Bill; which was as valid as if
that the Queſtion was not, whether he he had paſs it himſelf; though they
jould ſave the Earl of Strafford, but, comforted him even with that Čircum-
whether he ſhould periſ with him : That {tance, That his own Hand was not in
the Conſcience of a King to preſerve bis it.
dom, the Conſcience of a Huſband to It may eaſily be ſaid, that the Free-
preſerve bis Wife, the Conſcience of a dom of the Parliament, and his own
Father to preſerve bis Children (all negative Voice, being thus barbarouſly
which were now in Danger) weigh'd invaded, if his Majeſty had, inſtead of
down abundanily all the Confiderations paſſing that Act, come to the Houſe
the Conſcience of a Maſter or a Friend and diffoly'd the Parliament; or if he
could ſuggest to him, for the Preſervation had withdrawn himſelf from that fedi.
of a Friend, or Servant. And by ſuch tious City, and put himſelf at the Head
unprelatical
, ignominious Arguments, of his own Army; much of the Mil-
in plain Terms adviſed him, even for chief, which hath fince happend,
Conſcience Sake, to paſs that Aēt. would have been prevented. But who-
Though this Biſhop acted his Part ever truly conſiders the State of Affairs
with more prodigious Boldneſs and Im at that Time; the Prevalency of that
piety. Others of the fame Furiction Faction in both Houſes; the Rage and
(for whoſe Learning and Sincerity the Fury of the People; the Uſe that was
King and the World had greater Reve- made by the Schifmatical Preachers (by
rence) did not what might have been whom the Orthodox were generally
expected from their Calling or their ſilenced)* of the late Proteſtation, in
Truſt; but at leaſt forbore to fortify their Pulpit; the Fears and Jealouſies
and confirm a Conſcience, upon the they had infuſed into the Minds of
Courage and Piety of which, the Secu. many fober Men; upon the Diſcourſe
rity of their Perſons and their Order, of the late Plot ;, the Conſtitution of
did abſolutely, under God, depend. the Council-Table, that there was
During theſe Perplexities, the Earl ſcarce an honeſt Man durft ſpeak his
of Strafford, taking Notice of the Conſcience to the King, for fear of his
Straits the King was in, the Rage of Ruin ; and that thoſe whom he thought
the People ſtill increaſing (from whence moſt true to him, betray'd him every
hé might expect a certain Outrage and Hour, inſomuch as his Whiſpers in his
Ruin, how conſtant ſoever the King Bed-Chamber were inſtantly convey'd
continued to him ; and it may be, to thoſe againſt whom thoſe Whiſpers
knowing of an Undertaking by a great were ; ſo that he had
were ; ſo that he had very few Men to
Perſon, who had then a Command in whom he could breathe his Conſcience
the Tower, That if the King refuſed to and Complaints, that were not ſuborn'd
paſs the Bill, to free the Kingdom from againſt him, or averſe to his Opinions :
the Hazard it ſeem'd to be in, he would That on the other Side, if ſome Expe-
cauſe. his Head to be ſtricken off in the dient were not ſpeedily found out, to
Tower) writ a moſt pathetical Letter to allay that frantick Rage and Combina-
the King, full of Acknowledgment of tion in the People, there was Reaſon
enough
0
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. III
.
enough to believe, their impious Hands on the Matter he reliy'd wholly, upon
would be lifted up againſt his own Per- himſelf; and diſcerning many D:fects
fon, and-(which he much more appre- in moſt Men, he too much neglected
hended) againſt the Perſon of his
the Perſon of his what they ſaid or did. Of all his Para
Royal Conſort : And laſtly, that, ſions, his Pride was moſt predominant:
beſides the Difficulty of getting thither, which a moderate Exercile of ill För-
he had no Ground to be very confident tune might have corrected and re-
of his own Army · I ſay, whoſoever form’d; and which was by the Hind
fadly contemplates this, will find Cauſe of Heaven ſtrangely puniſhed, by
to confeſs, the Part which the King bringing his, Deſtruction upon him by
had to act, was not only harder than two Things that he moit deſpiſed, the
any Prince, but than any private Gen- People, and Sir Hirry Vane. In a
tleman had been expoſed to; and that word, the Epitaph which P'utarch re-
it is much eaſier, upon the Accidents cords that Sylla wrote for him'elf, may
and Occurrences which have ſince hap- not be unficly applied to him, Tisat no
pen'd, to determine what was not to Maşdid ever exceed him, either in doing
have been done, than at that Time tɔ good to his Friends, or in doing Mſibief
have foreſeen, by what Means to have to his Enemies; for his Ass of both
freed himſelf from the Labyrinth in Kinds were moſt notorious.
which he was involv'd.
Together with that of the Attainder
All Things being thus tranſacted; of the Earl of Strafford, another Bill
to conclude the Fate of this great Perº was paſs’d by the King, of almoſt as
ſon, He was on the twelfth Day of fatala. Conſequence as that was to the
May brought from the Tower of Lon- Earl, The Aet for the perpetual Par-
don (where he had been a Priſoner near liament ; as it is ſince caļld.
fix Months) to the Scaffold on Tower After the paſſing theſe two Bills, the
Hill; where, with a compofed, and Temper and Spirit of the People, both
undaunted Courage, he told the People, within and without the Walls of the
He was come thither to ſatisfy them with two Houſes, grew marvellous calm and
bis Head ; but that he much fear'd the compoſed ; therę being likewiſe about
Reformation which was begun in Blood, that Time paſs’d by the King, the two
would not prove ſo fortunate to :he King- Bills for the taking away the Star-
dom, as they expected, and he wils? d.; Chamber Court, and the High Com.
and after great Expreſſions of Devotion miſſion : So that there was not a.
to the Church of England, and the Grievance or Inconvenience, real or
Proteſtant Religion eſtabliſh'd by Law, imaginary, to which there was not a.
and profeſs'd in that Church ; of his thorough Remedy applied ; and there..
Loyalty to the King, and Affection to fore all Men expected, that both Ar-
the Peace and Welfare of the Kingdon; mies would be ſpeedily diſbanded, and
with marvellous Tranquillity of Mind, ſuch Returns of Duty and. Acknow-
he deliverd his Head to the Block, ledgment be made to the King, as
where it was ſever'd from his Body might be agreeable to their Profeſſions,
at a Blow. Many of the Scanders by, and to the Royal Favours he vouchſa-
who had not been over charitable to fed to his People.
him in his Life, being much affected But what Proviſions foever were
with the Courage and Chriſtianity of made for the publick, particular Peri
his Death.
fons had received no Satisfaction. The
He was, no doubt, of great Ob- Death of the Earl of Bedford, and the.
fervation, and a piercing Judgment, High Proceedings in all thoſe Caſes in
both in Things, and Perſons, but his. which the King was moſt concern'd;
too good ſkill in Perſons, made him left all thoſe who expected Offices and
judge the worſe of Things : for it was Preferments, deſperate in their Hopes :
his Misfortune, to be in a Time where. And yet an Accident happen'd, that
in very few wiſe Men were equally em- might been look'd upon as an Earneſt
ployed with him; and ſcarce any (butor Inſtance of ſome Encouragement
the Lord Coventry, whoſe Truſt was that Way.
more confined) whoſe Faculties and Beſides the Lord Say's being inveſted
Abilities were equal to his : So that up in the Maſterſhip of the Wards, in the
Place
.t
112
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Place of the Lord Cottington, at a Com- King Edward the Fourth, for his Life;
mittee in the Houſe of Lords, in the in the firſt Parliament they held after
Afternoon, in ſome Debate, Paſlon their coming to the Crown : Before
aroſe between the Earl of Pembroke, that Time, it had been granted for
who was then Lord Chamberlain of the fome Years; and was originally intend-
Houſhold; and the Lord Mowbray, ed for the Support of the Navy, where-
eldeſt Son of the Earl of Arundel; and by the Merchants might be freed from
from angry and diſdainful Words, an Danger of Pirates; and upon the Death
Offer or Attempt of Blows was made; of every King ſince that Time, his Suc-
for which Miſdemeanour, they were ceffor commonly receiv'd it, without
the next Day both ſent to the Tower by the leaſt Interruption, till the next
the Houſe of Lords. The King taking Parliament; in the beginning whereof
Advantage of this Miſcarriage ; and it was always without Scruple granted :
having been long incenſed, by the pal- So that, though it was, and muſt al-
ſionate, indiſcreet; and inſolent Car- ways be acknowledgʻd, as the free
riage of the Earl, ſent to him, by a Gift of the People (as all other Subfi-
Gentleman Uſher, for his Staff; and 'dies are) yet it was look'd upon as ſo
within two or three Days after, be- eſſential à Part of the Revenue of the
ſtow'd it upon the Earl of Eſex ; who, Crown, that it could not be without
without any Heſitation, took it. it : And as the King is not leſs King
It was thought, this extraordinary before his Coronation than he is after,
Grace to the moſt popular Perſon of, To this Duty had been ſtill enjoy'd as
the Kingdom; would have had a nota- freely before, as it was after an Act of
ble Influence upon the whole Party; Parliament to that Purpoſe ; neither
which made him believe it depended had there been ever any Exception ta-
very much on him : But it was ſo far ken in Parliament (which ſometimes
from having that Effect, as they look'd was not in a Year after the Death of
upon that Favour, rather as a Mark of the former King) that the Crown had
Puniſhment and Revenge upon the continued the Receipt of it; which it
Earl of Pembroke, for his Affection to did, till the Time of a new Grant.
them, and for giving his Suffrage a Thus, after the Death of King
gainſt the Earl of Strafford (which he James, his Majeſty receiv'd it, till the
had often profeſsid to the King he firſt Parliament was ſummon'd; and,
could never in Conſcience do) than of that and two more being unfortunate-
Efteem and Kindneſs to the Earl of ly diffolv’d, in which his Miniſters
Elex; and ſo they were in truth more were not ſollicitous enough for the paſ-
offended and incenſed with the Diſgrace fing that Act for Tonnage and Pound-
and Diſobligation to the one, than
they age, continued the Receipt of it till
were pleaſed with the Preferment of this preſent Parliament : "Then (that
the other; therefore whatever con- is, many Weeks after the beginning of
cern'd the King in Right, or what he it) it was directed, That a Bill ſhould
might naturally expect from the Com- be ſpeedily prepard for the granting it,
pliance and Affection of the Houſe, or as had been uſual, left the Crown might,
what was any Way recommended by by ſo long enjoying, in a Manner pre-
his Majeſty to them, found little or no ſcribe to it of Right, without the Do-
Reſpect.
nation of the People; which the King
His Revenue was ſo far from being always diſclaim'd to do. Shortly after
advanc'd (as had been gloriouſly pro- it was alledg’d, That the Bill could not
miſed) that it was both in Dignity and be so ſpeedily prepar'd as were to be
Value, much leſſen'd from what it was. wifßd, by reaſon that there were many
For ſhortly after the beginning of the just Exceptions made by the Merchants
Parliament, great Complaint had been to the Book of Rates, which had been
made, that Tonnage and Poundage lately made by the Farmers of the Cuf-
had been taken by the King without toms, in the Time and by the Direction
Conſent of Parliament ; the Caſe of the Earl of Portland ; and therefore
whereof in truth is this : This Duty it was propoſed, for the preſent, as the
had been conſtantly given to the fuc- beſt Expedient to continue his Majeſty's
ceeding King, ever ſince the Reign of Supply, and to preſerve the Right of
giving
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
113
giving in the People, That a Tempo- ſent them word, about the beginning
rary Bill ſhould paſs, for the granting of July, that he deſired all Speed
the ſame to his Majeſty for two Months might be uſed for the diſbanding both
only, in which Time a new Book of the Armies; for the better and more
Rates should be mode, more advantagious orderly doing whereof, he had confti-
to his Majeſty in point of Profit (which tuted the Earl of Holland General of
was always profeſs’d) and then a com his Army (the Earl of Northumberland,
pleat Ast might paſs.
by reaſon of his Indiſpoſition in Health,
To this Purpoſe a Bill was 'according- or ſome other ,Reaſon, having laid
ly brought in, the Preamble whereof down his Commiſſion) and intended
renounc'd and declar'd againſt not only forthwith to ſend him down thither :
any Power in the Crown of levying the That his Majeſty himſelf, according to
Duty of Tonnage and Poundage, with a former Reſolution, and Promiſe made
out the expre's Conſent of Parliament, to his Subjects of Scotland, meant to
but alſo any Power of Impoſition upon viſit that his Native Kingdom, for the
any Merchandizes whatſoever, and in better perfecting the Peace there ; and
any Cafe whatſoever ; which had been appointed the Day (about fourteen
conſtantly practiſed in the beſt Times Days after ) he reſolvid to begin his
by the Crown; had the. Countenance Progreſs; and therefore wiſh'd them,
of a ſolemn Judgment in the Exche- againſt that Time, to prepare and
quer Chamber; and though often agie finiſh any ſuch Acts, as they deſired
tated in Parliament, had never been might receive his Majeſty's Approba-
yet declar'd againſt : Yet this quietly tion, for the Good of the Kingdom, if
pafs'd both Houſes, as a Thing not there yet remain'd any Thing to be
worth conſidering. And ſo in Expec- aſk'd of him. Notwithſtanding which
tation and Confidence, that they would Meſſage, they ſpent moſt of their Time
make glorious Additions to the State upon the Bill for Extirpation of Biſhops,
and Revenue of the Crown, his Majeſty Deans, and Chapters; without either
ſuffer'd himſelf to be ſtripp'd of all finiſhing the Act of Pacification be-
that he had left ; and of the ſole ſtock. tween the two Nations, or giving Ora
of Credit he had to borrow Moneys der for the diſbanding the Army.
upon ; for though in truth Men knev It was wonder'd at by many, and
that Revenue was not legally veſted in ſure was a great Misfortune to the King,
the King till an Act of Parliament, yet that he choſe not rather, at that Time
all Men look'd upon it as unqueſtion to conſtitute the Earl of Eſex General
able to paſs; and ſo it was not only a of his Army, than the Earl of Holland;
competent Proportion for the preſent for (beſides that it would have been an
Support of his Houſe, but was under- Act of much more Grace and Satisfac-
ſtood a good Security for any ordinary tion to the People, and to the Soldiery)
Sum of Money upon advance, as forty his Majeſty having lately given hiin ſo
or fifty thouſand Pound, upon any e great an earneſt of his Truſt, as the
mergent Occaſion.
making him Chamberlain of his Houſe,
All good Men diſcern'd this groſs he ought in Policy to have purſued that
Uſage, and the Diſadvantage impoſed Work, by any ſeaſonable accumulation
upon his Majeſty by this Mutation; of Favour, till he had made him his
and therefore expected a full Repara- perfect Creature ; which had been very
tion, by ſuch an Act for Life as had eaſy, if ſkilfully attempted; for his
been uſual; and ſuch an Improvement Pride and Ambition, which were not
of the Book of Rates as had been pro- accompanied with any Habit of ill Na-
miſed; as ſoon as the Buſineſs of the ture, were very capable of Obligations ;
Earl of Strefford was over; which had and he had a Faithfulneſs and Conſtan-
been always objected, as neceſſary to су in his Nature, which had kept him
precede all other Conſultations.
always religious in Matter of Truſt;
All this Time the two Armies were then he was almoſt a declar'd Enemy to
continued at a vaſt Charge, many Men the Scotiſh Nation; and would have
whiſpering, That the Scots would not been very punctual
been very punctual in all Formalities
retire, till the Bill againſt Epiſcopacy and Decencies, which had any Relation
was paſs’d; Whereupon, the King to his Maſter's Honour, or the Honour
33
FE
of
+
114
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
of the Nation. In a Word, he might they had yet ro mind to part with their
have been impoſed upon in his Under beloved Brethren.
ſtanding, but could not have been cor The Cominiffioners who treated with
rupted, by Hopes or Fears of what the the Scots, had agreed, That the King
two Houſes could have done to him; ſhould be preſent in his Parliament in
and was then more the Idol of the Peo Edinburgh, by ſuch a Day in July, to
ple, than in truth the Idolater of them. paſs the Act for Pacification betweeni
Whereas, by making the Earl of the two Kingdoms, and ſuch other Acts.
Holland General, his Majeſty much diſ as his Parliament there ſhould propoſe to
obliged 'tlie other, who expected it, him ; and they reſolved on all ſides,
and to whom it had been in a Manner That the one Army hould be drawn out
offer'd; and made him apprehend ſome of the Kingdom, and the other. totally
Diſtruſt in the King towards him ; and; diſbanded, before the King jould arrive
that his former Favour in his Office had' in the nothern Parts, for many Reaſons.
been conferråd on him, rather becauſe As they had loſt all confidence in the
ho Man elſe had been able to bear the Affections of the Engliſh Army, ſo
Envy of diſplacing the Earl of Pem- there were many Jealouſies ariſen among
broke, than that his own Merit and the Scots; both in their Aſmy, and a-
Service was valued. Beſides the Earl mongſt their greateſt Counſellors; not.
of Holland, upon whom he conferr'd withſtanding all which, inſtead of ma-
thạr Honour, had formerly diſappoint- king haſte to the diſbanding, they pub-
ed him, and often incurrid hís Diſplea- lifh'd much Jealouſy and Diffatisfaction
ſure ; and wore ſome Mårks of it; and to remain with them, of the Court;
was of no other Intereſt or Reputation There were ſome evil Counſellors ſtill
with the Party which could do Miſchief, about the King, who obſtructed many
than as a Perſon obnoxious to them, in gracious Acts, which would otherwiſe
the miſ-executing his great and terrible flow from his Goodneſs and Bounty to-
Office of Chief Juſtice in Eyre, by wards his People; and made ill Impreſ-
which he had vex'd and oppreſs'd moſt ſions in him, of the Parliament it ſelf,
Counties in England, and the moſt con-
and its Proceedings.
fiderable Perſons in thoſ: Councies, and Their Deſign was. to remove the
in other Particulars ; that they knew Duke of Richmond from the King ;
he durft not offend them, and would both becauſe they had a mind to have
purchaſe their Protection and good his Office of Warden of the Cinque-
Opinion at any Price : As it fell out; Ports from him, that it might be con-
for within few Days after the King was
ferr'd on the Earl of Warwick; and as
gone through that Army, in his Way he was almoſt the only Man of
great
to Scotland, the Earl wrote a Letter, Quality and Conſideration about the
which was communicated to both Hou- King, who did not in the leaſt degree
ſes, in which he myſtically expreſs’d ſtoop, or make court to them, but
ſome new Deſign to have been ſet on croſſed them boldly in the Houſe; and
foot for corrupting the Army ; for all other Ways purſued his Maſter's Ser-
which there was never after the leaſt vice, with his utmoſt Vigour and In-
Colour given ; b'it ſerv'd then, to tentneſs of Mind: They could not
heighten the old Jealouſies; and to charge him with any thing like a Crime,
beſpeak a Miſunderſtanding for what- and therefore only intended by ſome
ſoever ſhould be propoſed on lis Ma-. Vote to brand him, and make him
jeſty's Behalf during his Abſence. odious; by which they preſumed, they
Men now believ'd that they would ſhould at laſt make him willing to ran-
be very forward in diſmiſſing the Scot- fome himſelf by quitting that Office:
tiſh Army, and diſbanding the other, For which, there was ſome underhand
which coſt the Kingdom ſo vaſt a Sum Treaty, by Perſons who were ſolicitous
of Money every Month; and they had to prevent farther Inconveniencies; and
already voted a brotherly Affiſtance to as they found any thing like to ſucceed
the Scots Three Hundred Thouſand in that, they ſacken'd cr advanced
Pounds, for the Service they had per- their diſcourſe of Evil Counſellors.
form'd; and an Act was already pre-
One Day they were very warm upon
pared for the raiſing the Sum : But the Argument, and had a purpołe to
have
1
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 115
:
have named him directly, which they ſhould be in the Chair for the Com-
had hitherto forborn to do, when Mr. mittee ; They who wiſhed well to the
Hyde ſtood up, and ſaid, He did really Bill, having reſolvd to put Mr. Hyde
believe that there yet remained ſome Evil into the Chair, that he might not give
Counſellors, who did much harm about them trouble by frequent Speaking,
the King ; and that it would be much and ſo too much obſtruct the expediting
better to name them, than to amuſe the the Bill; they who were againſt the
Houſe so often with the general mention Bill, preſs’d and called loud to Mr.
of them, as if we were afraid to name Crew to be in the Chair; but in Con-
them: He propoſed, that there might be cluſion, Mr. Hyde was commanded to
a Day appointed, on which, upon due the Chair; they who were Enemies to
Reflections upon thoſe who had been moſt the Bill being divided in Opinion,
notorious in doing miſchief to the Publick, many believing, that he would ob-
we might moſt probably find, who they ſtruct the Bill more in that Place, than
were who trod ſtill in the ſame Paths, if he remained at Liberty; and they
and might Name them accordingly; and found it to be true.
that for bis Part, if a Day were appoint The firſt Day the Committee fat full
ed for that Diſcovery, he would be ready ſeven Hours, and determin’d, That
to name ones who by all the Marks we every Day, as ſoon as the Houſe was
could judge by, and by his former Courſe reſum’d, the Chairmán ſhould report
of Life
, might very reaſonably be believ'd the ſeveral Votes of that Day to the
to be an evil Counſellor.
Houſe, which ſhould determine them
They were exceedingly apprehenfive before it roſe ; which was without any
that he meant the Marquis of Hamilton, Precedent, and very prejudicial to the
and thenceforth though they deſiſted grave Tranfaction of the Buſineſs :
not from proſecuting the Duke, till at For, beſides that it was a prejudging
laſt they had compelled him to quit the the Houſe in its Judgment, who, upon
Cinque-Ports to the Earl of Warwick, the Report of the Committee, ſhould
they no more urged the Diſcovery of have Regard to the whole Bill in the
evil Counſellors. And all the familiar Amendments made by them, which
Friends of Mr. Hyde, were importuned they were precluded from, by having
to move him, Not to endeavour to do confirm'd the ſeveral Days Votes ; it
any Prejudice to the Marquis of Ha was ſo late every Day before the Houſe
milton; and even the King himſelf, was reſumed (the Speaker commonly
was prevailed with to ſend to him to leaving the Chair about nine of the
that Purpoſe: So Induſtrious was that Clock, and never reſuming it till four
People to preferve thoſe whom for pri- in the Afternooon) that it was very
vate Ends they deſired to preſerve, as thin ; they only, who proſecuted the
well as to deſtroy thoſe who they deſir'd Bill with Impatience, remaining in the
ſhould be deſtroyed.
Houſe, and the others, who abhorrºd
When every body expected that no- it, growing weary of ſo tireſome an
thing ſhould be mentioned in the Houſe Attendance, left the Houſe at Dinner
but the Diſpatch of the Treaty of the time,' and afterwards follow'd their
Pacification, by the Commiſſioners of Pleaſures : So that the Lord Falkland
both Sides; which was the only Ob was wont to ſay, That they who bated
ſtruction to the Diſcharge of the Armies, Biſhops, hated them worſe than the Devil,
and which could be done in two Days, and that they who lov'd them, did not
if they purſued it: They called in a love them ſo well as their Dinner.
Morning for the Bill, (that had ſo long However, the Chairman gave ſome
before been brought in by Sir Edward Stop to their Haíte ; for, beſides that
Deering) for the Extirpation of Epiſco. at the End of his Report every Day to
pacy; and gave it a Second reading; the Houſe, before the Houſe put the
and reſolved, That it ſhould be com- Queſtion for the Concurrence in the
mitted to a Committee of the whole Votes, he always enlarged himſelf a-
Houſe, and that it ſhould be proceeded gainſt every one of them, ani ſo ſpent
upon the next Morning. It was a very them much Time; when they were in
long Debate the next Morning, after the Heat and Paſſion of the Debate,
the Speaker had left the Chair, who they oftentimes were entangled in their
Queſtions ;
.
7
116
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Queſtions ; ſo that when he reported and thereupon, an Addreſs was made
to the Houſe the Work of the Day, he to his Majeſty to that Purpoſe ; . who
did frequently report two or three return'd his Anſwer, That he was forry,
Votes directly contrary to each other, the Houſes having had ſo long Notice of
which in the Heat of their Debate, bis Intentions for that Journey (which
they had unawares run into. And after could not but appear very reaſonable to
near twenty Days ſpent in that Manner, them) had neglected to prepare all fuch
they found themſelves very little ad. Things, as were neceſſary to be diſpatch'd
vanced towards a Concluſion, and that by him before he went; that, though his
they muſt review all that they had Preſence in Scotland was depended upon,
done; and the King being reſolv'd to by ſuch a Day, and the Diſappointment
begin his Journey for Scotland, they might beget ſome Prejudice to him, yet be
were forced to diſcontinue their belov; was content to ſatisfy their D:fires ſo far,
ed Bill, and let it reſt; Sir Arthur Haf- as to defer his Journey for fourteen Days;
lerig declaring in the Houſe, That he within which Time they might make all
would never bereafter put an Enemy into Things ready that were of Importance,
the Chair ; nor had they ever after the and beyond which Time it would not be
Courage to reſume the Conſideration of poſible for him to make any ſtay.
the Bill, till after the War was entred , This Time being gotten, they pro-
into.
ceeded but Nowly in the Directions for
The Time being come for the King's Diſbanding, or in the Act of the Pa-
Journey into Scotland, the Houſe of cification ; but continued their Mention
Commons thought it Time to lay aſide of Fears and Jealouſies, of the Peace of
their Diſputes upon the Church, which the Kingdom; of an Invaſion from
every Day grew more involv’d, and to Foreign Parts; and an Inſurrection of
intend the periecting the Act of Pacific the Papiſts in England ; againſt all
cation, and the Order for diſbanding; which, they ſaid, there was not yet
both which were thought neceſſary to fufficient Proviſion, by the Laws and
be diſpatch'd, before his Majeſty ſhould Conſtitution of the Kingdom. And
begin his Progreſs; and might have therefore one Day, Sir Arthur Haſlerig
been long ſince done. On a ſudden, preferr'd a Bill for the Settling the
the Houſe of Commons grew into a Militia of the Kingdom, both by Sea
perplex'd Debate, concerning the King's and Land, in ſuch Perſons as they
Journey into Scotland (which had been ſhould nominate.
long before known, and folemnly pro When the Title of this Bill was read,
miſed by his Majeſty to the Commiſ- it gave ſo general an Offence to the
fioners of Scotland; where Preparation Houſe, that it ſeem'd inclined to
was made for his Reception, and the throw it out, without ſuffering it to be
Parliament fummon’d there according- read ; not without ſome Reproach to
ly) and expreſſed many dark and doubt the Perſon that brought it in, as a .
ful Apprehenſions of his Safety ; not Matter of Sedition ; till Mr. Saint-
without ſome Glances. That if his Ma- John, the King's Sollicitor, roſe up, ard
jeſt, were once with his Army, he might ſpoke to it, and ſaid, He thought that
poſſibly enter into new Counſels, before Paſſion and Diſlike very unfeaſonable, be-
be conſented to diſand it; and in the fore the Bill was read ; that it was the
End concluded, To defire the Lords to higheſt Privilege of every Member, that
joyn with them, in a Requeſt to the King, he might propoſe any Laic, or make any
to defer his Journey into Scotland, till Motion, which, in his Conſcience, he
the A&F of Pacification was paſs'd, the thought advantageous to the Kingdom, or
Arinies diſanded, and till fuch other the Place for which he ſerv'd. As for
Aets were prepared, as should be thought the Matter, which by the Title that Bill
neceſſary for the Good of the Kingdom; ſeem'd to comprehend, he was of Opinion,
without mentioning any Time, againſt that ſomecobat was neceſſary to be done in
which thoſe Things ſhould be ready ; it; for be was fure, that ſuch Power,
which, though it was an unreaſonable as might be neceſary for the Security of
Requeſt, yet, moſt Men having no the Kingdom,, over the Militia, was not
Mind the King ſhould go into Scotland, yet by Law veſted in any Perſon; or in
it was conſented to by both Houſes; the Crown itſelf: That they had lately
by
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. ing
ces.
it.
by their Votes blaſted and condemn’d the would be duly weigh'd, and would
Power of Lords Lieutenants, and their take up much Conſideration, if the
Deputies, which had been long exerciſed, King were willing to ſatisfy them ;
and ſubmitted to by the People ; that, they were contented with a Commiſſion
Since that was determin’d, it was neceſſáry to the Earl of Eſex, of Lieutenant Ge-
to ſubſtitute ſuch in their room, as might neral on that Side Trent: Which his
be able to ſuppreſs any Inſurrection; or Majeſty having granted ; and confirm’d
refijt any Invaſion : And therefore, the Act of Pacification between the two
that it was fit to hear the Bill read; and Kingdoms (which in great haſte was
if any fitting Expedient was propoſed in tranſacted in both Houſes, as if it had
it to trzat Purpoſe, to embrace it's other. been only Matter of Form) he took
wiſe, to think of a better:
his Journey from London to Scotland
Upon this. Diſcourſe, by a Perſon of toward the middle of Auguſt, leaving
the King's ſworn Council; the Bill was both Houſes fitting at Weſtminſter.
read; but with ſo univerſal a Diſlike, As ſoon as the King begun his Jour-
that it was never call'd upon the ſecond ney for Scotland, all Orders, and what
Time, but ſlept, till long after the elſe was neceſſary, were diſpatch'd for
Matter of it was digeſted in Ordinan- the Diſbanding and a Reſolution ta-
ken, to ſend a Committee of Lords
The peremptory Day. again drawing and Commons to attend his Majeſty
very near, for the King's Journey into (that is, to be a Spý upon him) in
Scotland, and very little done towards Scotland, and to be preſent when the
the Publick, ſince the Time they had Act of Pacification ſhould be tranſacted
prevaild with his Majeſty to ſuſpend in that Parliament, and to preſerve the
On a Saturday, in the Afternoon good Intercourſe and Correſpondence
(the Progreſs being to begin on Monday) which was begun between the two
they again fell into violent Paſſion a. Nations : But in Truth, to lay the
gainſt the King's going into Scotland; Scene how the next Year ſhould be
which they thought of io great Impor- ſpent ; and to beſpeak new Laws for
tance to be hinder'd, that they reſolv'd this Kingdom, by the Copies of what
(and prevaild with the Lords to do the ſhould be conſented to for that.
Jike) to fit the next Day, being Sun In this Errand, two Lords, and four
day; which had ſcarce ever before been of the Commons, were appointed to
known, ſince the firſt Inſtitution of go; but for the two Lords, the Lord
Parliaments; and, which they thought Howard of Eſcrick ferv'd the Turn;
fit to excuſe by a ſhort Declaration, that who was ready to be governed by Mr.
the People might not be thereby en- Fiennes, and Mr. Hambden, who, to-
couraged to prophane the Sabbath. gether with Sir William Armyn, made
When they found the King conſtant up the Committee. Which being diſ-
.to his former Reſolution, and that all patched, they thought it time to
they could alledge could prevail no far- breathe a little, and to viſit their Coun-
ther with him, than, whereas he in- tries, for whom they had done ſuch
tended to go on Monday after Dinner, notable Service: and ſo towards the
to ſtay till Tueſday Morning, They ve latter End of August, toth Houſes ad-
ry earneſtly propoſed, That he would journed themſelves till the Middle of
leave a Commiſſion with ſome Perſons Datober following;, by which Time
to paſs ſuch Acts as ſhould be prepared they preſumed the King would be re-
and paſs both Houſes in his Abſence; turned from Scotland.
and to make a Cuſtos Regni, to ſupply When the King came to York, which
the Place of Government till his Re was about the Middle of August, he
With many other Extravagan- found no part of either Army diſband:
cies, which themſelves underſtood not. ed; for, though Orders had been iſſued
But when they found that no ſuch Com- to that Purpole, yet the Money, with-
miſſion could be legally granted, to
out which it could not be dones
conſent to any Acts that were not con was not yet come to Hand; and be
ſented to by both Houſes at the Date of cauſe ſo great a Sum could not be
the Commiſſion; and that both th
that both the preſently, procured, as would fatisfy
Perſon and the Power of a Cuſtos Regni, both, an Act of Parliament had been
paſsid
turn :
34
Gg
118
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
.
paſs’d for the Satisfaction of the Princi- and to diſincline them from any Reve-
pal Officers of the King's Army, by .rence or Affection to the Queen, whom
which they were promiſed Payment, they begun every Day more implacably
upon the publick Faith, in November to hate, and conſequently to difoblige.
following; till which Time they were 'And, as upon thoſe, and the like light
to reſpite it, and be contented that the Occaſions, they grew to a licence of
common Soldiers, and inferior Oficers, Language, without the leaſt reſpect of
ſhould be fully fatisfied upon their dif- Perſons of how venerable Eſtimation
banding.
foever ; ſo they departed from all Order
During the Time of the King's abode or Regularity in Debate ; or Rules and
at York, the Earl of Holland, Lord Ge-. Meaſures in judging; the chief Rulers
neral, made a Suit to him for the ma- amongſt them, firſt deſigning what they
king a Baron; which, at that Time, thought fit to be done, and the reſt
might have been worth to him
ten thou- concluding any thing lawful, that they
ſand Pounds. Whether the King ap- thought, in order to the doing and
prehended the making an unfit Man, compaſling the ſame : in which neither
who might differve him in the Houſe Laws nor Cuſtoms could be admitted
of Peers, or whether he reſolved to to ſignify any thing againſt their
contain himſelf from enlarging that Senſe.
Number, except upon an extraordinary Soon after the King went into Scot-
Relation to his own Service, I know land, there being ſome Motion to ad-
not; but he thought not fit, at that journ the Houſes till after Michaelmas,
Time to gratify the Earl ; by which which ſeem'd to be generally inclined
he took himſelf to be highly diſobliged; to, very many of both Houſes being
and therefore aſſoon as the King was willing to refreſh themſelves, after ſo
gone towards Scotland the Earl wrote a long abſence from their Homes (the
Letter to the Earl of Elex, to be Summer being far ſpent, and the Plague
communicated in Parliament, That be increaſing, of which fome Members
found there had been ſtrange Attempts had died; and others were in Danger,
made to pervert, and corrupt the Army, having been in infected Houſes) and
but, he doubted not, be ſhould be able to conceiving, that there was no more to
prevent any Miſchief: the whole Senſe be done till the return of the King,
being ſo myſterious, that it was no hard ſaving only the procuring Money to
matter, after it was read in the Houſes, finiſh the diſbanding; went into the
to perſuade Men, that it related to Country: and others, who ſtaid in the
ſomewhat they had yet never heard; Town, were leſs ſolicitous to attend the
and being dated on the ſixteenth Day publick Service; but betook themſelves
of August, which muſt be the Time to thoſe Exerciſes and Refreſhments
that the King was there, or newly gone which were pleaſanter to them: inſo-
thence (for he took his Journey from much, as within twenty Days after the
London on the Tenth) ſeemed to reflect Kings remove, there were not above
on ſomewhat his Majeſty ſhould have twenty Lords, nor much above a hun-
attempted. Hereupon their old fears dred Commoners, in both Houſes. But
are awakened, and new ones infuſed in this was the Advantage look'd for;
to the People; every Man taking the thoſe Perſons continuing (eſpecially in
Liberty of making what Interpretation the Houſe of Commons) to whoſe Care
ke pleaſed of that which no Man under- the whole Reformation was committed.
ſtood.
They now entered upon the Confulta-
The Papiſts werethe moſt popular Com-' tion of the higheſt Matters, both in
mon-place, and the Butt againſt whom Church and State ; and made Attempts
all the Arrows were directed; and fo, and Entries upon thoſe Regalities and
upon this new Fright, an Order was · Foundations, which have been ſince
made by both Houſes for diſarming all more eminent in wider and more notori-
the Papiſts in England; upon which, ous Breaches.
and the like Orders, though ſeldom They entred upon Debate of the
any thing was after done, yet it ſerved Book of Common-Prayer (which ſure,
to keep up the Fears and Apprehenſions at that time, was much reverenced
in the People, of Dangers and Deſigns, throughout the Kingdom) and pro-
poſed,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. ing
poſed, In regard many things in it gave ſhould be given thereunto.. · Whereas,
Offence, at leaſt Uinbrage, to tender Con- the Order had been m:ide in full Par-
Jiences, that there might be Liberty to liament ſeven Months before, and was
diſuſe it ; which Propoſition was fo un- ſeaſonably order'd to be publiſh'u, by
gracious, that, though it was made in a the major Part preſent, upon that iin-
thin Houſe; and preſs’d by thoſe who portant Occaſion. And ſuch an ar-
were of the greateſt Power and Autho- raigning the Houſe of Peers for pub-
rity; it was ſo far from being conſented liſhing an Order in maintenance of the
to, that, by the major Part (the Houſe Laws eitabliſhd, by thoſe who had no
conſiſting then of about Sixſcore) it was Authority to declare what the Law was,
voted, That it ſpould be duly obſerved. nor a Juriſdiction over thoſe who ſhould
However, the next Day, contrary infringe the Law, was fo tranſcendent
to all Rules and Orders of Parliament, a Preſumption, and Breach of Privilege,
very many being abſent who had been that there was great Expectation what
active in that Debate, they ſuſpended the Lords would do in their own Vin-
that Order; and reſolv'd, That the dication.
Standing of the Communion-Table in all There was one Clauſe in the Aet of
Churches ſhould be alter’d; the Rails Pacification, That there should be a pub-
(which in moſt Places had been ſet up lick and ſolemn Day of Thankſgiving, for
for the greater D-cency) Mould be the Peace between the two Kingdoms of
pull’d down ; that the Chancels Mould be England and Scotland : But no Day
levelld, and made even with all other being appointed, the Lords and Com-
Parts of the Church; and that no Man mons aſſumed the Power to themſelves
jhould preſume to bow at the Name of of directing it; and to that Purpoſe.
Jeſus; and having digeſted theſe Re- made an Ordinance, That it mould be ob-
ſolutions into an Order, they car- ſerv'd on the Seventh of Septembur fol-
ried it up to the Lords for their Con- lowing, throughout the Kingdom of Eng-
currence ; promiſing themſelves, that land, and Dominion of Wales. Which
from the ſmall Number which remain'd was done accordingly: The factious
there, they ſhould find no diſſent. Miniſters in all Pulpits, taking Occa-
But the major Part of the Lords be. fion then to magnify the Parliament,
ing much ſcandalized, that the Houſe and the Scots; and to infuſe as much
of Commons ſhould not only unſea. Malignity into the People, againſt
fonably and irregularly, interpoſe in thoſe who were not of that Faction,
a Matter wherein they had not the leaft as their Wit and Malice could ſuggeſt;
Juriſdiction ; but ſhould preſume to the Houſe of Commons celebrating
diſturb the Peace of the Church, and that Day in the Chapel at Lincoln's-
interrupt the ſettled and legal Govern- Inn; becauſe the Biſhop of Lincoln, as
ment thereof, by ſuch ſchiſmatical Pre- Dean of Weſtmiſter, had form'd a
ſumption ; not only refuſed to joyn Prayer for that Occaſion, and enjoyn’d
with them, but inſtead thereof, direct- it to be read on that Day, in thoſe
ed an Order, formerly made by the Churches where he had Juriſdiction ;
Houſe of Peers (on the Sixteenth of wnich they liked not : Both as it was
January before) to be printed, to this a Form, and form’d by him; and ſo
effect, That the Divine Service ſhould be avoided coming there.
perform’d, as it is appointed by the AEts After the Solemnization of that Day;
of Parliament of this Realm; and that and their making their. Declaration
all ſuch as fall diſturb that wholeſome againſt the Lords, about the Order
Order, ſhall be ſeverely puniſk'd accord- above mention d; when they had great
ing to Law; and acquainted the Com- Apprehenſion, by their Members leav-
mons therewith ; who, nothing fatis- ing them, that they ſhould not have
fied, purſued their former Order ; and, forty remaining (leſs than which Num-
commanding all the Commons of England ber could not conſtitute a Houſe of
to ſubmit to their Direction, declared, Commons) they conſented to a Receſs;
That the Order of the Lords was made and on the ninth Day of September,
by the Confent but of eleven Lord's, and 1641, they adjourn'd themſelves till
tbat nine other Lords did diſent from it; the twentieth Day of October following ;
and therefore, that no Obedience Either Houſe, irregularly .(for the like
had
+
I20
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
had never been before practiſed) mak. forthwith, with his own Hand, fign'd
ing a Committee, to meet twice a the printed Declarations of the ninth of
Week, and oftner, if they ſaw Cauſe, September; and cauſed them to be fo.
during the Receſs, and to tranſact ſuch read in all Churches in London, and
Buſineſs as they were authorized to do throughout the Countries. Where-
by their Inſtructions.
upon, the ſeditious and factious Perſons,
The Houſe of Lords limited their cauſed the Windows to be broken down
Committee (which conſiſted of the in Churches; broke down the Rails,
Earls of Elex, Warwick, the Lords and removed the Communion-Table
Wharton, Kimbolton; and twelve more; (which, in many Places, had ſtood in
but every three were as able to tranfact that manner ever ſince the Reformation)
as the whole Number) by their In- and committed many infolent and ſcan-
ſtructions, Only to open the Letters dalous Diſorders. And when the Mi-
which should come from the Committee in niſter and the Graver and more Sub-
Scotland, and to return Anſwer to them; ftantial ſort of Inhabitants, uſed any
with Power to recal that Committee, Oppoſition, and reſiſted ſuch their
when they thought fit; to ſend down Mo- Licence, they were immediately re-
neys to the Armies ;. and to aſiſt about quired to attend the Committee ; and,
their Diſanding; and in removing the if they could be neither perſwaded, nor
Magazines from Berwick and Carliſle. threatened to ſubmit, their Attendance
But the Houſe of Commons thought was continued from day to day, to their
this Power too narrow for their Com- Charge and Vexation. If
any
Grave
mittee ; and therefore, againſt Order and Learned Miniſter refuſed to admit
too,
for the Power of the Committees into his Church a Lecturer recommend.
of both Houſes ought to have been ed by them, he was preſently required
equal, they qualified theirs (which to attend upon the Committee; and
conſiſted of Mr. Pym, Mr. Saint-John, not diſcharged till the Houſes met
Mr. Strode, Sir Gilbert Gerrard, Sir again; and then likewiſe, if he eſcaped
Henry Mildmay, Sir Henry Vane, Al. Commitment, continued, to his intolera-
derman Pennington, Captain Venn, and ble Loſs and Trouble: few Men having
others; every lix having the Authority the Patience to endure that Oppreſſion,
of the whole) as well with the Powers againſt which they knew not whither to
granted to the Lords, as likewiſe, To Appeal ; and therefore in the End ſub-
go on in Preparation of
. Proceedings, mitted to what they could not refift:
againſt ſuch Delinquents, as were voted And fo all Pulpits were ſupplied
againſt, or complain'd of in the Houſe; with their feditious and ſchimatical
and to receive any Offers of Diſcovery Preachers.
that they ſhould make ; to ſend to all She The Armies were at laſt diſbanded;
riffs, and Juſtices of the Peace, upon: and, about the End of September, the
Information of any Riots or Tumults, to Earl of Holland, in great Pomp, re-
stir them up in their Duty in repreſſing turned to his Houſe at Kenſington ;
them; and to report to their Houſe any where he was viſited and careſſed, with
Failing in Obedience to their Commands; great Application, by all the factious
to take the Accounts of any Accountants Party: for he had now fully declared
to his Majeſty, in order to the Prepara- himſelf of their Party. And that they
tion of bis Majeſty's Revenue ; to con- might be better prepared to keep up
fider of framing and conſtituting a Weſt- the Prejudice to the King, and the
India Company ; and to conſider the Fiſh Keenneſs againſt the Court, till the
ing, upon the Coaſts of England, Scot- coming together of both Houſes; when;
land, and Ireland ; and many other they had reafon to believe, the Obſer-
extravagant Particulars; which ſerv'd vation of their crooked and indirect
to magnify the Authority of that Com- Courſes, and their viſible unwarranta-
mittee ; and to draw Reſort and Reve- ble Breaches upon the Church, and the
rence to them from almoſt all Sorts of Religion eſtabliſh'd by Law, would
Men.
render Men leſs devoted to them; his
The Houſes being thus adjourned ; the Lordſhip furniſh'd them with many
Committee of the Commons appointed Informations of what had paſs’d in the
Mr. Pym to fit in the Chair; who late Army, which might be wreſted to
the
3
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
1 21
3
the King's diſadvantage ; told them out, fome from viry little, and foine
whatſoever the King himſelf had faid from very great Cauſes, which had that
to him, when he looked upon him as a Influence upon the Nature and Spirit of
Perſon true to him, and when, it is Men, and upon the Actions of that
very probable, he was not much de- Time, that, for the better Underſtand-
lighted with the Proceedings at Westmin- ing ſome particular Paftages, which
Ster; and of all the Particuiars, which will appear pertinent, it will be even
Sir Jacob Aſhley and Sir John Coniers neceffary, briefly, and it ſhall be but
had informed him, when they tnok very breifly, to mention ſome of thoſe
him to be of entire truſt with his Ma. Particulars.
jefty, and wholly under that Conſidera When the King went into Scotland;
tion (whereupon, they were afterwards for the better preſerving the Correſpon-
examin’d, and compellid to teſtify that dence between the two Kingdoms, as
in Publick, which they had before im. was pretended; and to ſee all Things
parted to him in the greateſt Secrecy) perform’d, which which were to be
and added to all this, whatever Infor- done in the Parliament of Scotland, by
mation he had receiv'd by the Lady the Act of Pacification; a ſmall Com-
Carliſle, of Words or Actions, ſpoken mittee was appointed by the two Houſes,
or done by the Queen, which might conſiſting of one Lord and two Com-
increaſe their Jealouſy or Malice to her moners, to attend upon his Majeſty: but
Majeſty. And he himſelf viſited her in Truth, to be Spies upon him ; and
Majeſty but once, from the Time of to give the ſame Afſtance to the Par-
his return out of the North, to the liament there, upon any emergent Oc-
Time of the King's return from Scotland calion, as the Scoriſh Commiſſioners had
which was full fix Weeks. And yet, done here.
there were ſome Men ſtill at thoſe pri The Perſon appointed by the Lords,
vate meetings at Kenſington, who was the Lord Howard of Eſcrick; a
thought the Queen's Favour a likelier younger Son of the Houſe of Suffolk :
Means for their Preferment, than the who, in the Time of the Duke of
Intereſt of the others; and therefore Buckingham, married a Niece of his;
always gave Advertiſement to her of and having his whole Dependance upon
what paſs’d in that Company: which him, and being abſolutely governd by
Information, for want of due. Care in him, was by him made a Baron ; but
the Managery, and by reaſon of the that Dependance being at an End; his
Unfaithfulneſs of her neareſt Servants, Wife dead ; and he without any Virtue
commonly produced ſomewhat, of to promote himſelf, he withdrew him-
which the orher Side made greater Ad- ſelf from following the Court; and
vantage, than ſhe could do by the ſhortly, after, from wiſhing it well; and
Knowledge of their Counſels and Re- had now, deliver'd himſelf up, Body
ſolutions.
and Soul, to be diſpoſed of by that
The ſhort Receſs of the Parliament, Party, which appeared moſt Averſe,
though it was not much above the ſpace and Obnoxious to the Court and the
of a Month, was yet a great. Refreſh Government: and only in that Con-
ment to thoſe who had fate near a full fidence, was deſigned to that Employ-
Year, Mornings and Afternoons, with ment; and to be entirely diſpoſed and
little or no Intermiſſion; and in that govern’d by the two Members, who
warm Region, where Thunder and were join'd with him by the Houſe of
Lightning was made. Some very un Commons, who were, Sir Philip Staple-
warrantable Proceedings, by the Com- ton, and Mr. Hambden.
mittee that ſate during the Receſs, or The latter hath been mentioned be-
Mr. Pyin, who fate in the Chair of that fore, as a Man of great Underſtanding,
Committee, and iſſued out thoſe Or- and Parts, and of great Sagacity in dif-
ders concerning the Church ; gave ſo cerning Men's Natures, and Manners;
much Offence, and Scandal, that the and he muſt, upon all Occaſions, ſtill
Members were like to meet together be mention’d as a Perſon of great
with more Courage and leſs Inclinations Dexterity and Abilities, and equal to
to Novelties, than they had parted with. any Truſt or Employment, good or bad,
But there were ſeveral Accidents fell which he was inclined to undertake.
33
Hh
Thc
1.22
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
The other, Sir Philip Stapleton, was appeared with leſs Vigour for the com
a proper Man, of a fair Extraction ; venant; and 'had, by underhand and
but, being a Branch of a younger ſecret Inſinuations, made proffer of his
Family, inherited but a moderate. Service to the .KingBut now, after
Eſtate, about five hundred Pounds a his Majeſty's Arrival in Scotland, by the
Year, in Yorkſhire ; and, according to Introduction of Mr. William Murray of
the Cuſtom of that Country, had ſpent the Bed-Chamber, he came privately
much Time in thoſe Delights which to the King; and inform'd him of
Horſes and Dogs adminiſter. Being may Particulars, from the beginning of
returned to ſerve in Parliament, he cori the Rebellion ; and that the Marquis
curr'd with his Neighbours Hotham and of Hamilton, was no leſs faulty and
Cholmondley ; being much younger than falſe towards his Majeſty, than Argyle;
they, and governed by them in the Pro- and offer'd to make Proof of all in the
fecution of the Earl of Strafford ; and Parliament; but rather deſired, to have
ſo was eaſily receiv'd into the Company them both made away; which he frankly
and Familiarity of that whole Party undertook to do: But the King ab-
.which took that work to Heart; and in horring that Expedient, though for his
a ſhort Time, appear'd, a Man of Vi own Security, adviſed,. That the Proofs.
gour in Body and Mind; and to be might be prepared for the Parliament.
rather without good Breecing, than not When ſuddenly, on a Sunday Morning,
capable of it, and ſo quickly outgrew the City of Edinburgh was in Arms;
his Friends and Counrry-men in the and Hamilton and Argyle, both gone
Confidence of thoſe who govern'd: out of the Town to their own Houſes ;
They looking upon him, as worth the where they ſtood upon their Guards;
getting entirely to them ;, and not declaring publickly, That they had
averſe from being gotten; and fo withdrawn themſelves, becauſe they knew
join'd him with Mr. Hambden in this that there was a Deſign to affafinate
their firſt Employment (and the Firſt, them; and choſe, rather to abſent thema
that ever a Parliament had of that Kind) ſelves, than by ſtanding upon their De-
to be initiated under ſo great a Maſter; fence in Edinburgh (which they could
whoſe Inſtruction he was very capable well have done) to hazard the publick
of.
Peace and Security of the Parliament;
There had been, even from the which thunder'd on their Behalf.
Time the Scotiſh Army came into Eng The Committee at Edinburgh dif-
land, many Factions, and Jealouſies, patch'd away an Expreſs .to London,
among the principal Perſons of that with a dark and perplex'd Account, in
Nation; but none ſo much taken the Morning that the two Lords had
Notice of; as that between the two Earls left the City; with many doubtful Ex-
of Montroſe and Argyle. The former preſſions, what the End of it would be:
took himſelf to have deferv'd as much Not without ſome dark Inſinuations, as
as any Man, in contributing more and if the Deſign might look farther than
appearing ſooner, in their firſt approach Scotland. And theſe. Letters were
towards Rebellion; as indeed he was a brought to London, the Day before the
Man of the beſt Quality, who did ſo Houſes were to come together, after
ſoon diſcover himſelf; and it may be the Receſs; all that Party taking Pains
he did it the fooner, in Oppo- to perſwade others, that it could not
ſition to Argyle; who, being then of but be a Deſign to aſſaſſinate more Men
the King's Council, he doubted not, than thoſe Lords at Edinburgh.
would be of his Majeſty's Party. The And the Morning the Houſes were
People looked upon them both, as to meet, Mr. Hjúe being walking in
young Men of unlimited Ambition; Weſtminſter-Hall, with the Earl of Hal-
and uſed to ſay, That they were like land and the Earl of Eſex, both the
Cæſar and Pompey, the one would Earls ſeem'd wonderfully concern'd at
eudure no Superior, and the other would it; and to believe, That other Men
bave no Equali True it is, that from were in Danger of the like Afaults; the
the Time that Argyle declared himſelf other, not thinking the Apprehenſion.
againſt the King (which was immediate- worthy of them, told them merrily,
ly after the firſt Pacification) Montroſe That he knew cell what Opinions they
both
home
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 123
mons ,
both bad of thoſe two Lörds, a Year or had formerly been a Servant to Sir
tipo before, and be wonder'd how they Four Clotworthy) to London, to the
became so 'alter'd; to which they an Earl of Leiceſter, then Lord Lieute-
ſwer'd ſmiling, That the Times and the .nant of Ireland. From the Parts of
Court were much alterd ſince. And the the North, and Uljter, an Expreſs was
Houſes were no ſooner fat, but the Re- ſent to the King himſelf, at Edinburgh;
port being made in the Houſe of Com- and the King's Letters from thence, to
and the Committee's Letter the two Houſes, arrived within leſs
from Scotland being read, a Motion than two Days after the Meſſenger from
was made, To ſend to the Houſe of Peers, Dublin.
that the Earl of Effex, who was left by It was upon a Sunday Night, that the
the King General on this Sidė Trent, Letters from Dublin came to the Earl
might be deſired to appoint ſuch a Guard, of Leiceſter ; who immediately cauſed
as he thought competent for the Security the Council to be ſummon'd, and as
of the Parliament, conſtantly to attend ſoon as it was met, inform’d them of
while the Houſes fat; which was done the Condition of Ireland; that is, ſo
accordingly; and continued, till they much as thoſe Letters contain'd; which
thought fit to have other Guards. All were written, when little more was
which was done to amuſe the People, known than the Diſcovery at Dublin ;
as if the Parliament were in Danger, and what the Conſpirators had confeſs'd
when in Scotland, all. Things were upon their Examinations. The Houſe
quickly pacified; and ended in creat of Peers had then adjourn'd itſelf to the
ing thé Marquis Hamilton a Duke, and Wedneſday following; but the Houſe of
Argyle a Marquis.
Commons were to meet on the next
There was a worſe Accident than Day, Monday Morning, and the Coun-
all theſe, which fell out in the Time cil reſolv’d, That they would in a Body
of the King's Stay in Scotland, and a- go to the Houſe of Commons, as ſoon as it
bout the Time of the two Houſes re- ſat, and inforin them of its which they
convening; which made a wonderful did ; Notice being firſt given to the
Impreſſion upon the Minds of Men; Houſe, That the Lords of the Council
and proved of infinite Diſadvantage to had ſome Matters of Importance in impart
the King's Affairs, which were then to them, and were above in the Painted-
recovering new Life; and that was the Chamber ready to come to them: Where-
Rebellion in Ireland's, which broke out upon, Chairs were ſet in the Houſe for
about the middle of Ostober, in all them to repoſe themſelves, 'and the
Parts of the Kingdom. Their Deſign Serjeant ſent to condụct them. As ſoon
upon Dublin was miraculouſly diſco- as they enter'd the Houſe, the Speaker
ver'd, the Night before it was to be deſired them to ſit down; and then
executed ; and fo the Surprizal of that being cover'd; Littleton, Lord Keeper,
Caſtle prevented; and the principal told the Speaker, That the Lord Lieuse-
Conſpirators, who had the Charge of nant of Ireland, having receiv'd Letters
it, apprehended. In the other Parts from the Lords Juſtices and Courcil there,
of the Kingdom, they obſerv'd the had comin. nicated them to the Council; and
Time appointed, not hearing of the ſince the Houſe of Peers was not then fit-
Misfortunes of their Friends at Dublin. ting, they had thought fit; for the Impor.
A general Inſurrection of the Iriſhi tance of the Letters, to impart them to
ſpread itſelf over the whole Country; that Houſe ; and fo referr'd the Buſi-
in ſuch an inhuman and barbarous neſs to the Lord · Lieutenant; who,
Manner, that there were forty or fifty withoutany Inlargement, only read the
thouſand of the Engliſh Proteſtants Letters he had receiv'd, and ſo the
murder'd, before they ſuſpected them- Lords departed from the Houſe.
ſelves to be in any Danger, or could There was a deep Silence in the
provide for their Defence, by drawing Houſe, and a kind of Confternation;
together into Towns, or ftrcng Houſes. moft Mens Heads having been intoxica-
From Dublin, the Lords Juſtices, ted from their firſt Me:ting in Parlia-
and Council, diſpatch'd their Letters ment, with Imaginations of Plots, and
by an Expreſs (the fame Man who had treaſonable Deſigns, through the three
made the Diſcovery, one Oconelly, who Kingdoms. The Affair itſelf ſeem'd to
be
124
77e Hiſtory of the Rebellion
be out of their Cognizance ; and the alter'd and ſuppreſs’d that good Humour
Communication of it, ſerv'd only to and Spirit the Houſes were well diſpoſed
prepare their Thoughts, what to do to meet in, and the Angry Men, who
when more ſhould be known ; and were diſappointed of the Preferments
when they ſhould hear what the King they expected, and had proiniſed them-
thought fit to be done. And when the ſelves, took all Occaſions, by their
King's Letters arriv’d, they were glad Emiſſaries, to inſinuate into the Minds
the News had come to him, when he of the People, That this Rebellion in
had ſo good Council about him to ad- Ireland, was contrived and fomented by
viſe him what to do.
the King ; or at leaſt by the Queen, for
The King was not then inform’d of the Advancement of Popery ; and that
what had been diſcover'd at Dublin ; the Rebels publiſh'd and declar'd, that
but the Letters out of Ulſter (which he they had the King's Authority for all they
ſent to the Parliament) gave him Notice did; which Calumny, though without
of a general Inſurrection in the North; the leaſt Shadow or Colour of Truth,
and of the inhuman Murders commit- made more Iinpreſſion upon the Minds
ted there upon a Multitude of the Pro- of ſober and moderate Men (who, till
teſtants ; and that Sir Phelim O Neil that Time, had much diſliked the paſ-
appear'd as their General and Com. fionate Proceedings of the Parliament)
mander in chief.
than could be then imagined, or can
Upon which his Majeſty writ to the yet be believed. So great a Prejudice,
two Houſes, That he was ſatisfied that or want of Reverence was univerſally
it was no rafh Inſurrection, but a formºd contracted againſt the Court: eſpecially
Rebellion ; which muſt be proſecuted with the Queen ; whoſe Power and Activity
a farp War; the condueting, and profe- was thought too great.
cuting whereof, he wholly committed to Shortly after the Beginning of the
their Care and Wiſdom, and depended Parliament, a new Bill was preſented
upon them for the carrying it on; and to the Houſe of Commons, for the tak-
that for the preſent, he had cauſed a ing away the Biſhops Votes in Parlia-
ſtrong Regiment of fifteen hundred Foot, ment; and for diſabling them to exerciſe
under good Officers to be trenſported out any Temporal Office in the Kingdom :
of Scotland into Ulfter, for the Relief of againſt which was objected, That it was,
thoſe Parts; which were upon the Mat- contrary to the Courſe and Order of Par-
ter wholly inhabited by Scots and Iriſ; liament, that any Bill that has been re-
there being fewer Engliſh there than in jezted, should be again preferred the ſame
any Part of Ireland.
Seſion ; and therefore it ought not to be
This fell out to their Wiſh; and ſo much as Read ; to which nothing was
thereupon they made a Committee of reply'd but Noiſe; and, that this Bill
both Houſes, for the Conſideration of varied in ſome Clauſes from the former ;
the Affairs of Ireland, and providing and that the good of the Kingdom ab-
for the Supply of Men, Arms, and ſolutely depended upon it: and ſo, by the
Money, for the ſuppreſſing that Re- majority of Voices, it was ordered to
bellion ;, the Lord Lieutenant of Ire- be read : and afterwards, without any
land being one of the Committee ; very conſiderable Oppoſition, paſs'd
which fat every Morning in the Paint- the Houſe, and was tranſmitted to the
ed-Chamber; and the Lord Lieute- Lords: the greateſt. Argument being,
nant firſt communicated all the Letters That their intermeddling with Temporal
he receiv'd to them to be conſulted Affairs, was inconſiſtent with, and de-
on, and to be thence reported to the ſtructive to, the Exerciſe of their ſpiri-
two Houſes; which were hereby pof- tual Fun&tion. Whilft their Reforma-
ſeſs’d of a large Power, and Depen- tion, both in Scotland, and this King-
dance; all Men applying themſelves to dom, was driven on by no. Men fo
them, that is to the chief Leaders, for much, as thoſe of their Clergy who
their Preferments in that War: The were their Inſtruments. As, without
chief whereof, though in the begin- doubt, the Arch-Biſhop of Canterbury
ning little taken Notice of, was after- had never ſo great an Influence upon
wards felt by the King very ſenſibly. the Counſels at Court, as Dr. Burgeſs,
Theſe concurrent Circumſtances, much and Mr. Marſhal, had then upon the
Houſes
3
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 125
Houſes; neither did all the Biſhops of and Fidelity to him) and very few
Scotland together, ſo much meddle in Followers, who had, either Affection
temporal Affairs, as Mr. Henderſon to his Perſon, or Reſpect to his Ho-
had dane.
nour.
There being at this Time, the Bi That which ſhould have been an
ſhopricks of Worceſter, Lincoln, Exeter, Act of Oblivion, was made a Defence
and Briſtol, void by Death, or Tranf- and Juftification of whatſoever they
lation ; the King, during the Time of had done : Their firſt Tumults, and
his being in Scotland, collated to thoſe erecting their Tables, in Oppoſition
Sees, Dr. Prideaux, the King's Pro- to, and at laſt ſuppreſſing, both
feffor of Divinity in Oxford ; Dr. Win- Courts of Juſtice and Seſſion; and the
niff, Dean of St. Paul's; Dr. Brown- Acts and Orders of thoſe Tables; de-
rigg, Maſter of Catherine-Hall in clared to be the Effects of their Duty to
Cambridge ; Dr. Henry King, Dean of bis Majeſty; and according to the Law
Lichfield; and Dr. Weffield of Great of the Land: And ſo all thoſe, who,
St. Bartholomeus, London : All of according to their Allegiance, had
great Eminency in the Church; fre. oppoſed and refifted them on the Be:
quent Preachers; and not a Man, to half of his Majeſty, and were qualifi-
whom the Faults of the then Govern- ed by his Majeſty's Commiſſions, were
ing Clergy. were imputed, or againſt adjudg'd Criminal ; and the only
whom the leaſt. Objection could be Perſons excepted from Pardon, and
made.
exempted from the Benefit of that
As ſoon as the Houſe of Commons Oblivion.
heard of this Deſignation of his Ma The ſeditious Acts of that Aſſembly,
jeſty's, they were much troubled, that which had expelld all Biſhops, and
at a Time when they reſolvid to take the canonical Clergy, from being
away the old, the King ſhould preſume Members of that Affembly; and af-
to make new Biſhops ; and to create firm'd themſelves to have a Power,
1o many Voices to aſſiſt the other; and to infliet the Cenſures of the Church
therefore, they urged very earneſtly, upon his Majeſty himſelf, were decla-
That the Lords might be moved to joyn red to be lawful, and according to the
with them, in fending to the King, to Conſtitution of the Kingdom ; and the
make no necu Biſhops, till the Controver. Government of the Chirch by Arch-Bi-
fy should be ended about the Government ſhops and Biſhops, declared to be againſt
of the Church : Which appeard fo the Word of God; and they condem'd;
unreaſonable, that the wiſelt of them as Enemies to the Propagation of the
who with'd its apprehended no Poffi- true reform'd Proteſtant Religon ; and
bility that the Lords would joyn with therefore to be. utterly aboliſh'd; and
them; or if they did, that the King their Lands given to the King, bis
would be prevail'd with. However, Heirs and Succeſſors.
being glad to find their Companions In conſideration of the King's ne-
had fo much Mettle, after a long De- ceffary Abſence from that his native
bate, the major Part carried it, That Kingdom, it was thought fit, That
a Committee should be appointed, to the full and abſolute Government there-
draw up Reaſons to give the Lords to of, ſhould be committed to the Lords of
'concur with them in that Deſire to the the Secret Council ; who were likewiſe
King : But, after that, moved that made Conſervators of the Peace of the
Stone no further,
two Kingdoms, during the Intervals of
By this Time the King was as wea-' Parliaments ; and thoſe Lords, and
ry of Scotland, as he had been impa- Conſervators, were then, and ſtill, to
cient to go thither; finding all Things be nam'd by Parliament; which was
propoſed to him, as to a vanquiſh'd once in three Years to aſſemble upon
Perion, without Conſideration of his a Day certain, without any Summons
Honour, or his Intereſt ; and having from the King, if he neglected to
not one Counſellor about him, but publiſh ſuch Summons; and, upon
the Duke of Lenox (who from the be- the fame Reaſon, all great Officers,
ginning carried hiinſelf by the moſt as Chancellor, Treaſurer, Secretary,
exact Rules of Hondur, Gracitude, and the reſt, nominated by Parlia-
I i
36
ment;
.
126
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
r;
ment; and in the Interval by the Troubles of the late Sicrm could be per-
Lords of the Secret Council; without feetly calm'd, tbey would reverſe and
ſo much as being concern'd to have repeal whatſoever was 120w unreafqaably
his Majeſty's Approbation.
extorted from him. And his Majeſty
All which Acts concerning Church, having never received any conſiderable
or State, the King confirm'd; and Profit from Scotland, cared the leſs
thereby, made the Lord Lowden, who for what he parted with there: and, it
had been the principal Manager of may be, being reſolved they ſhould
the Rebellion, Chancellor of Scotiand; be no more Charge to him in his Court
and created him likewiſe an Earl; here, he believed he ſhould fave more
and conferr’d the other great Offices, in this Kingdom, that he had given
as he was directed : Then, he made in that; and, he made no doubt, but
the Earl of Argyle (for he was ſtill that they were ſo well.fed now, that
truſted with conferring of Honours) they would not itir from Home again,
Marquis ; their great General, Leſly, till the Temper and Affection of his
Earl of Leven ; and their Lieutenant- People here, ſhould be better diſpoſed
General, Earl of Calendar ( and con for their Reception.
ferr'd other Honours on Perſons, ac-
About the Time the News came of
cording to the Capacity and Ability the King's beginning his Journey from
they had in doing him Miſchief; Scotland upon a Day appointed; and
and laſtly (leaving all his own Party that he had ſettled, all Things in that
barely to live ; for he had procured a Kingdom to the general Satisfaction ;
Pardon for them from the Parliament, the Committee for preparing the Re-
upon condition they came not near the monſtrance, offer’d their Report to
King's Preſence ; nor receiv’d any Be the Houſe ; which cauſed the Draught
nefit from him ; without their Aproba- they offered, to be Read. It con-
tion) his Majeſty gave all the Lands tain'd a very bitter Repreſentation,
of the Church, which had been de- of all the illegal Things which had
volvid to him by its Ruin; and what, been done, from the firſt Hour of.the
foever he had elſe to give, in that King's coming to the Crown, to thai
Kingdom, to thoſe who had diſco- Minute; with all the ſharp Reflections
ver'd it not to be in good. Hands be: which could be made, upon the King
So that he ſeem'd to have himſelf, the Queen, and Council;
made a Progreſs into Scotland, only and publiſh'd all the unreaſonable
that he might make a perfect Deed of Jealoufies of the preſent Goverment,
Gift of chat Kingdom ; which he of the introducing Popery; and all
could never have done, ſo abſolutely, other Particulars, that might diſturb
without going thither. . And ſo, hav- the Minds of the People: which were
ing nothing more to do there, he be- enough diſcompoſed.
gun his Journey towards England The Houſe" ſeem'd generally to
about the middle of November. diſlike it; many faying, Ibat it was
It is not to be doubted, in-Con- very unneceſſary, and unreaſonable :
ſideration of thoſe extravagant Con Notwithſtanding all which, all the
ceſſions, they made as extravagant other Party appear'd paſſionately con-
Promiſes to the King ; That by their cerned that it might not be rejected;
Loyal and Dutiful Comportment, his and enlarged themſelves with as high
Majeſty ſhould find no Diminution of Expreſſions againſt the Government, as
his Power ; that he ſhould have the at firſt; with many Infinuations, That
entire Obedience of that Nation, to we were in Danger of being depriv'd of
preſerve_his full Rights and Regali- all the good Afts which we bad gainºd,
ties in England; and to reduce Ire- if great Care and Vigilance were not
land: The Earl of Leven telling him uſed, to diſappoint ſome Counſels which
That he would not only never more ſerve were ſtill entertaind; making ſome
againſt him; but that whenever his doubtful Glances and Reflections upon
Majeſty would require bis Service, be the Rebellion in Ireland (with which
should bave it, without ever aſking what they perceived many good Men were
the Curſe was. And many of them eaſily amuſed) and in the End pre-
afſuring him, That as ſoon as the vaild, that a Day ſhould be appoint-
ed
fore :
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 127
.
1
ed when the Houſe ſhould be reſolv'd lith any Dzbates, or Determinations
into a Conimittee of the whole Houſe, of the Houſe, which were not re-
and the Remonſtrance to be then re- gularly firit tranſinicted to the Houſe
taken into Conſideration.
of Peers, nor was it thought in
And by theſe, and the like Arts, Truth, that the Houſe, ha: Authority
they promiſed that they ſhould eaſily to give warrant for the Printing of
carry it: So that the Day it was to be any Thing; all which was offer'd by
refumed, They entertained the Houle Mr. Hyde, with ſome warmth, affoon
all the Morning with other Debates, as the Motion was made for the Print-
and towards Noon called for the Re- ing it. And he ſaid, He believed the
monftrance; and it being urged by Printing it in that Manner, was not
ſome, That it was 100 late to enter up- lawful, and be feard it would produce
on it, with mut's difficulty they conſexe- uifelievaus Effeits ; and therefore de-
ed, that it should be entred upon the stried the leave of the Houſe, that if the
next Morning at nine of the Clock ; -and Quaeftior. fhould be put, and be carried
every Clauſe should be debated, the in the afirmatives that he might have
Speaker in the Chair; for they would Liberty to enter his Proteſtation“; which
not have the Houſe refolv'd into a he no fooner ſaid,, than Hiffiry Palmer
Committee, which they believed (a. Man of great Reputations and
would ſpent too much Time. Oliver much eſteem'd in the Houſe) ſtood
Cromwell (who at that Time, was lit up; and made the faine Motion for
tle taken Notice of) afk'd the Lord himſelf. That he inight likedevila proteſt ?
Falkland, Why be would beve it put many afterwards, without Diſtinction,
off for that Day would quickly bave and in, ſome diſorder, cry'd out tube
determined it? He anſwered, They'll gether, Phey did proteft: So that tltera
tvould not have been time enough for was after ſcarce any quiet and regular
Jure it would take ſome. Debate. The Debate. But the Houſe by 'degrees
other replied, A very ſorry one: They being: quieted, they sal! Gömlented, : 2.4
ſuppoſing, by the Computation they þout rxo of the Clockridt the Morn-
had made, that very few would oppoſe ing to adjourn -tileway of the Clocks
it.
the next Afternooit... And as they
But he quickly found he was mir went out ok, the Houſe,, the Lord
ftaken ; for the next morning, the Falkland aſkid Oliver Cromwell, When
Debate being entered up.on about Nine ther there had been a Debate ? to which
of the Clock, it continued all that he anſwer'd; He would take bis Words
Day; and Candles being callid for another Time ' and whiſper'd him in
when it grew. dark (neither Side being the Ear, with ſome. Afleverition, That
very deſirous to adjourn it till the next if the Remonftrance had been reje&teds
Day; though it was evident, very he would have ſold all be had the next
many withdrew themſelves out of pure Morning, and never have fien England
Faintneſs and Diſability to attend the more ; and he knew, there were many
Concluſion) the D-bate continued other honeſt Men of the Same Reſolution.
till it was after twelve of the Clock, So near was the poor Kingdom at that:
with much Paffion; and the Houſe Time, to its Deliverance.
being then divided, upon the paſſing However they got the Victory,
or not paſſing it, it was carried in the they did not in a long Time recover
Affirmative, by nine Voices, and no the Spirits they loft, and the Agony
more: and affoon as it was declared, they had ſuſtain’d, whilſt it was in
Mr. Hamiden moved, That there might Suſpence; and they diſcern'd well
be an Order entered for the preſent enough, that the Houſe had not at
Printing it; which produced a ſharper that Time half. its Members prefent
Debate than the former. It appeared though they had provided, that not
then, that they did not intend to ſend a Man of their Party was abſent; and
it up to the Houſe of Peers, for their that they had even carried it by the
Concurrence;
but that it was upon the Hour of the Night, which drove a-
Matter an appeal to the People ; and way a greater Number of old and
to infufe Jealouſies into their Minds. infirm Oppoſers, than would have
It had ſeldom been the Cuſtom to pub- made thoſe of the Negative fuperior
in
128
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
و
in Number : So that they had lic- teſtation; which had never before
tle Hope, in a full Houſe, to pre- been offered in that Houſe; and was
vail in any of their unjuſt Deſigns, a Tranſgreſſion that ought to be
except they found ſome other Expe- feverely examined, that Miſchief
dient, by Hopes or Fears, to work might not reſult hereafter from that
upon the Affections of the ſeveral Precedent: and therefore propoſed,
Members.
that the Houſe would the next-Morn-
In order to which, they ſpent moſt ingenter upon that Examination ; and
part of the next Day in their private in the mean Time, Men might recol-
Conſultations, how to Chaſtiſe fome lect themſelves, and they who uſed to
of thoſe who offended them the Day take Notes, miglit peruſe their Memo-
before ; and reſolved in the firſt Places rials; that the Perſons who were the
not to ſuffer that Precedent to be intro- chief Cauſes of the Diſorder, might
duced into the Houſe, That Men Jould be named, and defend themſelves the
proteſt againſt the Senſe of the Houſe: beſt they could: and with this Reſo-
which, it is true, had not been uſed lution the Houſe aroſe; the Vexation
in the Houſe of Commons. This of the Night before, being very viſi-
Subject was the more grateful to them, ble in the Looks and Countenance of
becauſe they ſhould heartily take Re- many. Neither that Nights Delibera-
venge upon Mr. Hyde, whom they tion, nor all the Artifice or Impor-
hated; and to whoſe Activity, they im- tunity that could be uſed, could re-
puted the Trouble they had ſuſtain'd move the obftinate Northern Men
the Day before ; and he was the firſt from their Reſolution ; they declared
who made the Proteſtation, that is, poſitively, That if they proſecuted Mr.
aſk'd leave to do it ; which produced Hyde, they, and all their Friends;
the other ſubſequent Clamour, that would engage in bis Defence: which
was indeed, in ſome diſorder. But made the others reſolve, not to incur
here they differed amongſt themſelves; the Danger or Inconvenience of ſuch
all the leading Violent Men, who a Schiſm; and fo they unanimouſly
bore the greateſt Sway, were moſt agreed upon another Perſon, whom
glad of the Occaſior, as it gave them they would accuſe.
Opportunity to be rid of Mr. Hyde; The next Morning, they firſt en-
which they paſſionately deſired: but larged upon the Offence itſelf ; Of the
Sir John Hotham, Cholmondley, and Miſchief it bad like to have produced;
Stapleton (who never ſever'd, and had and would unavoidably produce, if the
a numerous Train attending their Mo. Cuſtom or Liberty of it were ever ad-
tions) remember'd the Service Mſ. mitted; that it was the firſt Time it
Hyde had done agaihſt the Court of had ever been offered in that Houſe i
York (the overthrowing whereof was and that Care ought to be taken, that it
their peculiar Glory) and would nod should be the laſt ; by the ſevere Judgment
confent that they ſhould queſtion him; of the Houſe, upon thoſe Perſons who
but were ready to concur with them had begun the Preſumption.
in the Proſecution of any other of the Mr. Hyde, who had then known
Proteſtors; whereof there was Number nothing of the private Conſultation 3.
enough. This made fo great a Differ- and had many Reaſons to believe
ence amongſt them, that for the preſent himſelf to be deſigned ; ſtood up and
they agreed no further, than, that they faid, It concerned him to juſtify what
would that Afternoon only provide, that be had done, being the firſt Man cubo.
the next Morning they would fall up- mentioned the Proteſtation : upon which,
on that Matter ; and then they might there was a general Noife and Cla-
conſult together at Night, what Per mour to withdraw; and as grear, 10
ſon they would Sacrifice.
Speak: He proceeded, and laid, He
About three of the Clock, when the was not old enough to know the antient
Houſe met, Mr. Pym lamented the Cuſtoms of that Houſe; but, that he
Diſorder of the Night before, which, well knew, it was a very antient C1b-
he ſaid, might probably have engaged som in the Houſe of Peers ; and Leave
the Houſe in Blood, and had proceed was never denied there to any Man,
ed principally from the offering a Pro- who efkid that he might Proteſt, and
enter
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
120
were
enter bis Diſſent; againſt any Judg, it drew towards Night, after many
ment of the Houſe, to which he would hours Debate, it was ordered, That be
not be underſtood to bave given bis Con- should be committed to the Tower; the
ſent: That he did not underſtand any Reai Angry Men preſſing, with all their
'fon, why e Commoner ſhould not have Power, that be might be expelled the
the ſame Liberty, if he deſired not to be Houſe ; having born him a long
involv'd in any Vote, which be thought Grudge, for the Civility he ſhew'd in
might posibly be Inconvenient to him the Proſecution of the Earl of Straf-
Thet he bed not offered his Proteſtation ford; that is, that he had not uſed
againſt the Remonftrance, though he had the ſame reproachful Language which
oppoſed it all he could, becauſe it re the others had done: but they were at
mained ſtill wiihin thoſe Walls ; that he laſt glad to compound for his bare
kad orly deſired leave to proteſt againſt Commitment to the Tower; from
the Printing it; which, be thoughts whence he was within few Days en-
was not in many Reſpeet's lawful for larged, and returned again to the
them to do; and might prove very Per- Houſe. In the cloſe of that Day, and
nicious to the publick Peece.
the riſing of the Houſe, without much
They were very much offended Oppofition, they obtained an Order
with all he ſaid, and his Aſſurance in for the Printing their Remonftrance;
ſpeaking; Mr. Strode could not con: wherein
many unbecoming
tain himſelf from ſaying, That that Clauſes and Expreſſions.
Gentleman had confeſsid that he had firſt Notwithſtanding all theſe Contrive
propoſed the Proteſtation ; and there- ances to leffen the Reputation of the
fore deſired, he might withdraw; Court; the City of London made great
which many others likewiſe call’d for: Preparations to receive the King.
till Sir John Hotham appear'd with Gourney, theni Lord Mayor, was a
· fome warınth againſt it; and young Man of Wiſdom and Courage ; and
Hotham, his Son; accuſed Jeffery expreſs'd great Indignation, to ſee the
Palmer of giving the cauſe of Diſordet, City fo corrupted, by the ill Artifice
by ſaying, I do proteſt, without aſking of factious Perſons; and therefore at-
leave of the Houſe; and encouraging tended upon his Majeſty, at his
others to cry out every Man, I do pro- Entrance into the City, with all the
teſt :. whereupon, they all fell into Luſtre and good Countenance it could
great Noiſe and Confuſion ; and ſo, ſhew; and as great Profeſſions of
without much more diſcourſe, Mr. Pal- Duty, as it could make, or the King
was called upon to Explain ; expect. And on Thurſday, the five
which, as he was about to do, Mr. and twentieth of Novembers the King
Hyde (who loved him much ; and had entred into London ; received with the
rather have ſuffer'd himſelf, than greateſt Acclamations of Joy, that had
that he ſhould) ſpoke to the Orders been known upon any Occaſion; and
of the Hcuſe; and ſaid, That it after a moſt inagnificent Entertain-
was againſt the Orders and Practice ment by Sir Richard Gourney Lord
of the Houſe, that any Man pould be Mayor, at the Guildhall; where the
called
upon to Explain, for any thing ke King, Queen, Prince, and the whole
ſaid in the Houſe treo Days before ; when Court, of Lords and Ladies, were
it could not be preſumed, i hat his own feafted; his Majeſty was attended by
Memory could recolleet all the words be the whole City to White-Hall; where
bed 1:fed ; or, that any body elſe could he lodged that Night; and the Earl
Charge him with theni; and appeald to of Eſſex. reſigned his Commiſſion, of
the Hozje, whether there was any Pre General on this ſide Trent; which had
cedent of the like. And there is no been granted for the Security of the
coubt, there never had been, and it Kingdom, at his Majeſty's going into
was very irregular. But they were the North.
too poſitively reſolv'd to be diverted; The next Day, the King went to
vill, after two hours Debate, he him. Hampton Court; and as ſoon as he
felf deſired, that, to ſave the Houſe came thither, took away the Seals from
further Trouble, he might Anſwer, Sir Henry Vane (having before taken
and withdraw; which he did. When away his Staff of Treaſurer of the
37
Kk
Houthold
112€r
130
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Houfhold from him, and conferr'd it publiſh either, till he ſhould ſend his
upon the Lord Savile) and appointed Anſwer ;
the Guards, that were kept at Weſt At this Time, the Diligence and
minſter for the Securiry of the two Dexterity of the Lord Mayor, cauſed
Houſes, ever ſince the News out of an Addreſs to be prepard to his Ma-
Scotland, to be diſmiſs'd ; and ſhortly jeſty, from the Court of Aldermen;
after publiſh'd a Proclamation, For which was ſent by the two Sheriffs,
Obedience to be given to the Laws and two others of that Body; by
eſtabliſhed, for the Exerciſe of Re- which, his Majeſty was humbly deſired
ligion.
to reſide at White-Hall, which angred
Theſe Proceedings of his Majeſty, the governing Party, as much as their
much troubled the Managers in the kind Reception had done. The Peti-
Houſe; and the Entertainment given to ·tion was graciouſly received ; all the
him by the City of London, in which Aldermen knighted; and the Court,
their entire Confidence was, much de- within a Day or two, removed to
jected them; and made them apprehend, White-Hall.
their Friends there were not ſo power-
The Letters out of Ireland were very
ful as they expected: However, they importunate for Relief, of Men, Mo-
ſeemed to abate nothing of their Me- ney, and Proviſions; the Rebels very
tal; and ſhortly after his return, re-
much increaſing and taking Courage,
ſolved to preſent their Remonftrance, from the flow Proceeding here for
lately framed, to him, together with their Suppreſſion : which indeed was
a Petition; in which, they complain'd not advanced equal to Mens Expecta-
of a malignant Party, which prevaild tions; though the King, upon his firſt
So far, as to bring divers of their In- coming to the Houſes after his return
Struments to be of his Privy-council ; from Scotland, with great Earneſtneſs
and in other Employments of Truſt and recommended it to them. Only, the
Nearneſs about his Majeſty, the Prince Propoſitions made from Scotland, for
and the rest of his Children: to which the ſending ten thouſand Men from
malignant Party; amongſt other Wicked- thence, into Ulſter, to be paid by the
neſs, they imputed the Inſurrection of the Parliament,. were conſented to ; where-
Papiſts in Ireland ; and therefore, for by ſome Soldiers were diſpatched thi-
the ſuppreſſing that Wicked and Malig- ther, to defend their own Plantation ;
nant Party, they befought his Majeſty, and did in Truth, at our Charge, as
that he would concur with his people, in much Oppreſs the Engliſh that were
a Parliamentary way, for the depriving there, as the Rebels could have done;
the Biſhops of their Votes in Parliament and had upon the Matter the ſole Go-
(when at that time the Bill to that pur vernmenr of that Province committed
poſe had not paſs’d the Houſe of Peers) them, the chief Towns and Garriſons
and abridging their immoderate Power which were kept by Engliſh being de-
over the Clergy; and for the removing livered into their Hands. The Lieu-
unneceſſary Ceremonies, by which divers tenant himſelf, the Earl of Leiceſter
weak Conſciences had been ſcrupled; and (who was now grown gracious to the
that he would for the future employ ſuch Managers) made not that haſte to his
Perſons in the publick Affairs, and take Charge fome Men thought neceſſary;
ſuch to be near him in Places of Trust, pretending, That the Rebels had yet
as his Parliament might have cauſe to fome Apprehenſions and Terror of his
confide in.
coming thither with great Forces and
This Petition, together with the ''Proviſions of all kinds ; bilt that if
Remonftrance, was preſented at they should bear he were landed with ſo
Hampton-Court, on the firſt Day of ſmall a Strength as was yet raiſed, and
December; and within few Days after, in no better Equipage than he was get
both the Petition and Remonftrance able to go in, they would take Courage
were by Order printed, and with and would oppreſs bing before more
great induſtry publiſh'd throughout the Succours could come; by reuifon, that
Kingdom: Albeit the King, at the they who stood upon their Guard, and
Receipt thereof, deſired them not to publickly fided not with either, would
ވެ
I!en
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 131
uſe ;
1
then freely declare, and joyn with the fible of the Inconveniencies they had
Rejt.
incurr'd, by their former Compliance,
The ſlow levying of Men, was im- than inclined to repeat the ſame
puted to the Difficulty of getting Vo- Error.
Iuntiers ; their Numbers, who had In the mean Time; Letters came
Commiſſion, upon beating Drums, every Day from Ireland, paſſionately
riſing very inconſiderably : And bemoaning their Condition, and Mul.
therefore, they prepar'd a Bill fortitudes of Men, Women, and Chil-
preſſing, which quịckly paſs’d the dren, who were deſpoild of their E-
Commons, and was ſent up to the ſtates, and forced into this Kingdom
Lords. It cannot be ſuppoſed, that for Want of Bread, ſpoke more la-
there could be then a Scarcity of Men, mentably than the Letters. In this
or that it could be hard, within three Streight, they knew not what to do;
Months after the diſbanding the nor for whatever Diſcourſe they pleaſed
thern Army, to bring together as themſelves with, concerning the Lords,
many Men as they had Occaſion to it was evident the Fault would lie at
but their Buſineſs was to get their own Doors : Beſides that, his
Power, not Men ; and therefore this Majeſty might make Uſe of that Oc-
Stratagem was uſed, to transfer the caſion, to take the whole Buſineſs out
Power of preſſing Men from the King of their Hands, and manage it him-
to themſelves; and to get the King, ſelf by his Couneil ; which would both
that he might be now able to raiſe leſſer their Reputation and Intereſt,
Men for Ireland, to diſable himſelf and indeed defeat much of what they
from preſſing upon any other Occa- had projected.
fion. For, in the Preamble of this Hereupon Mr. Saint-John, the
Bill which they fent up to the Lords King's Sollicitor, went privately to his
(as they had done before the firſt Act Majeſty ; and feem’d to him much
for Tonnage and Poundage) they de- troubled, at the Interruption given by
clared, That the King bad in no the Commons; and to grant, that the
Caſe, or upon any Occaſion, but the Preamble was unreaſonable, and ought
Invaſion from a foreign Power, Autho-' to be inſiſted againſt by the Lords, on the
rity to preſs the freeborn Subje£t; which Behalf of his Majeſty's Prerogative :
could not confijt with the Freedom and. However, he told him, ſince he thought
Liberty of his perfon.
it impoſſible to rectify the Commons in
This Doctrine was to the their Underſtandings, it would be a
Lords, and contrary to the Uſage and great Bleſſing to his Majeſty, if he could
Cuſtom of all Times ; and ſeem'd to offer an Expedient to remove that Rub,
them a great Diminution of that regal which muſt prove fatal to Ireland in a
Power, which was neceſſary for the short Time; and might grow to ſuch a
Preſervation of his own Subjects, and Diſunion between the two Ilouſes, as
Aliſtance of his Allies ; "which in might much cloud the Happineſs of this
many Caſes he was bound to yield. Kingdom ; and undoubtedly, could not
And the Attorney General took the but have a very popular Influence upon
Courage, to deſire the Lords that he both, when both sides would be for-
might be heard, on the King's Behalf, warder to acknowledge his Majeſty's
before they conſented to a Claufe.ſo great Wiſdom and Piety, than they
prejudicial to the King's Prerogative. could be now made to reiraεt cny thing
This neceſſary Stop was no ſooner that was erroneous in themſelves: And
made, than the Commons laid aſide then adviſed him to come to the Houſes;
the Conſideration of Ireland; order'd end to expreſs his princely Zeal for the
'their Committee, to meet no more Relief of Ireland, and taking Notice
about that Buſineſs; the Levies which of the Bill for preſing, depending with
were then making of Voluntiers, ſtood ihe Lords, and the Diſpute raiſed, con-
ſtill ; and they declared, That the cerning that ancient and undoubted Pre-
Loſs of Ireland muſt be imputed to the rogative, to avoid further Debate, to
Lórds. On the other side, the Lords offer, that the Bill Mould paſs with a
too well underſtood that Logick, to Salvo Jure, both for the King and Peo-
be moved by it; and were rather fen-
ple;
new
132 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ple; leaving ſuch Debates to a Time formations, and evil Council, his Ma-
that might better bear it.
jeſty was induced to the ſenie, that be
Which Advice his Majeſty fol. might receive condign Puniſhment. And
low'd ; and coming to the Houſe faid this, they did deſire, and as his great-
the very Words he had propoſed to eſt and moſt faithful Council, did odviſe
him. But now their Buſineſs was bis Majeſty to perform; as a great Ad-
done (which truly, I think, no other vantage to him, by procuring and con-
Way could have been compaſs’d) the firming a Confidence and Unity betwixt
divided.Lords and Commons preſent his Majeſty and bis People, &c.
ly united themſelves, in a Petition to And having deliver'd this Petition,
the Kings acknowledging his Royal they no more conſider'd Ireland, tilí
Favour and Prote&tion to be a great this manifeſt Breach ſhould be re-
Bleſhing and Security to them, for the pair'd; which they reſolv'd nothing
enjoying and preſerving all thoſe private ſhould do, but the paſſing the Bill :
and publick Liberties and Privileges And therefore, when the King offer’d,
which belong unto them; and whenfo- by a Meſſage ſent by the Earl of
ever any of thoſe Liberties or Privileges Elex, That he would take Care, by
should be invaded, they were bound, Commiſions which he would grant, that
with Humility and Confidence, to reſort ten thouſand Engliſh Voluntiers, ſhould
to his Princely Juſtice for Redreſs and be ſpeedily raiſed for the Service of Ire-
Satisfaction ; becauſe the Rights and land, if the Houſes would declare that
Privileges of Parliament, were the they would
pay. them;
the Overture
Birth-right and Inheritance, not only was wholly rejected : They neither
of themſelves, but of the whole King- being willing that ſuch a Body of
dom, wherein every one of his Subječts Men ſhould be raiſed by the King's
were intereſs’d. That among the Pri- Direction, nor in any other way than
vileges of Parliament, it was their they propoſed : And ſo in the End,
antient and undoubted. Right, that his he was compellid to paſs the Bill,
Majeſty ought not to take Notice of any concerning Preſſing, which they had
Matter in Agitation and Debate; in prepared.
either Houſe of Parliament, but by their There was at this Time a Debate
Information and Agreement ; and that ſtarted in the Houſe, which produced
his Majeſty ought not 10 propound any many 'Inconveniences after, and, if
Condition, Proviſion, or Limitation, there had not been too many coneur-
to any Bill, or At, in Debate or Pre- rent Cauſes, might be thought the ſole
paration, in either Houſe of Parlia-. Cauſe and Ground of all the Miſchiefs
ment; or to declare his Conſent or Dif- that enſued. Upon fome Report or
fent, bis Approbation or Difike, of the Diſcourſe of ſome Accident, which
Jame, before it be preſented to bim in had happened upon or in the Diſband-
due Courſe of Parliament. They de- ing the late Army, an obſcure Mem-
clared, That all thoſe Privileges had ber moved, That the Houſe would enter
been lately broken, to their great Sor- upon the Confideration, whether the
row and Grief, in that Speech wbish Militia of the Kingdom was ſo ſettled ly
bis Majeſty had made to them; wherein Law, that a ſuddain Force or Army
be took Notice of a Bill for preſſing of could be drawn together, for the Defence
Soldiers, not yet agreed upon ; and of- of the Kingdom if it ſhould be invaded,
ferid a Salvo Jure, and proviſional or to ſuppreſs any Infurrcétion or Re-
Clauſe, to be added to it, before it was bellion if it ſhould be attempted.
preſented to him : And therefore they The Houſe kept a long Silence after
beſought him, by his Regal Power to the Motion, the Newneſs of it amuſing
prorečt them, in thoſe and the other moft Men, and few in Truth under-
Privileges of his High Court of Parlia- ſtanding the Meaning of it; until
ment; and that he would not, for the one and another of the Members, who
Time to conie, break or interrupt them; were leaff taken Notice of, ſeeming to
and that, for the Reparation of them in be moved, by the Weight of what had
that their Grievance and Complaint, be been ſaid enlarged upon the ſame Ar-
would declare and makė known the gument: and in the End it was pro-
Name of ſuch Perſon, by wkole Miſin- poſed, That a Committee might be ap-
pointed,
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 133
pointed, to conſider of the preſent State had paſsid, of the illegality of ail thoſe
of the Militia, and the Power of it; Commiſions, and of the Unjuſtifiableneſs
and to prepare ſuch a Bill for the ſet- of all the Proceedings which had been by
tling it, as might provide for the pub- Virtue of thoſe Commiſſions ; So that let
lick Peace, and for the ſuppreſſing any the Occaſion or Neceſito be what it would,
Foreign Enemy, or Domeſtick Inſur- · he did preſume, 10 Man wo:lld hereefter
rection,
execute any ſuch Commiſion ; and, if
Hereupon, they were inclined to there were any Man so hardy, that no
nominate a Committee, to prepare body would obey them; and therefore de-
ſuch a Bill as ſhould be tho'ght necef- fir'd them to conſider, whether there be
fary : Upon which, Mr. Hyde ſpoke not a Defečt of Power, and whether it
againſt the making any ſuch Commit- ought not to be ſupply'd.
tee; and ſaid, There could be no doubt, It was evident enough, that the
that the Power of the Militia reſided Debate was not begun by chance, but
in the King, in whom the Right of had been fully deliberated ; and what
making War and Peace was inveſted; Uſe they would make upon Occaſions,
that there had never yet appeared any of thoſe Volumes of Votes, they had
Defeet of Power, by which the King often poured out, upon all accidental
dom had been in Danger, and we might Debates; and no Man durft'take upon
reaſonably expect the ſame Security for him to anſwer all that had been als
the future.
With which the Houſe ledg’d, by ſaying all thoſe Votes were
ſeem'd well ſatisfied, and compoſed, of no Validity; and that the King's
and inclined to go on upon ſome Right was, and would be judg’d the
other Debate ; until Saint-John, the fame it had been before, notwithſtand-
King's Sollicitor, and the only Man ing thoſe Votes ; which is very true :
in the Houſe of his learned Council, But this being urged by the King's
ſtood up, and ſaid, He would not ſuf- own Sollicitor, they appointed him
fer that Debate, in which there' bad to bring in and prepare ſuch a Bill as
been ſo many weighty Particulars men- he thought neceſſary ; few Men ima-
tion'd, to be diſcontinued without ſome gining, that ſuch a ſworn Officer
Reſolution ; That he would be very would not be very careful and tender
glad there were that Power in the King of all his Maſter's Prerogatives, which
(whoſe Rights he was bound to defend) he was exprelly ſworn to defend.
as the Gentleman who Spoke laſt ſeem'd Within few Days after, he brought
to imagine ; which for bis Part be in a very ſhort Bill; in which was
knew there was not ; That the Queſtion mention'd by way of Preface, That the
was not about taking away Power from Power over the Militia of the Kingdom
the King, which was veſted in him was not ſettled in any ſuch Manner,
(which was his Dutý always to oppoſe) that the Security of the Kingdom was
but to enquire, whether there be ſuch a provided for, in caſe of Invaſion or In-
Power in him; or any where elſe, as is ſurrection, or any ſudden Accidents ;
neceffary for the Preſervation of the and then an enacting Clauſe, That
King and the People, in many caſes hence forward the Militic, and all the
that may fall out, and if there be not, Power thereof, should be veſted in—-&c.
tben to ſupply him with that Power and and then a large Blank left, for in-
Authority; and ſaid, He did take up- ſerting Names ; and afterwards, The
on bim. with Confidence to affirm, That abſolute Authority to execute &c.
there was a Defeet of ſuch Power and The ill meaning whereof was eaſily
Authority: He put them in mind, underſtood ; and with ſome Warmth
How that Power had been executed in preſsid : That by this Bill, all the
tbe Age in which we live ; That the Power would be taken out of the Crown,
Crown bad granted Commiſſions to great and put into the Hands.of Commiſioners.
Men, to be Lord-Lieutenents of Coun- To which the Sollicitor made Anſwer,
ties; and they, to Gentlemen of Qua- That the Bill took no Power from any
lity, to be their Deputy-Lieutenants; body who had it; but provided to give
and to Colonels, and other Officers, to power where it was not ; nor was there
conduet and lift Soldiers; and then he mention of any Commiſoners ; but
will’d them to conſider, what Votes they Blank was therefore left, that the Houſe
39
L. 1
might
a
134 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
might fill it up as they thought fit, and who was appointed for his Succeſſor wės
put the Power into ſuch Hands as they a Perſon of great Licence, and knowiz
thought proper ; which, for ought he only by ſome deſperate Aēts; for which
knew, might be the King's; and be he had been formerly impriſon’d by the
hoped it would be fo.
State, and having made his Eſcapes
And with this Anſwer the Bill was fled the Kingdom: They deſir’d the
receiv’d, notwithſtanding all Oppo- Lords, to joyn with them in a Petition
ſition, and read : All thoſe Perſons to the King, to put the Tower into bet-
who had been formerly Deputy Lieu- ter Hands; making ſuch Arguments
tenants, and lay under the Terror of againſt the Perſon of the Man, as before
that Vote, preſuming, that this Settle- Spoken of. The Lords replied to
ment would provide for the Indemni- them, That it was an Argument of that
ty.of all that had paſsd before ; 'and Nature, they thought not themſelves
the reſt, who might ſtill be expoſed competent Adviſers in it; the Cuſtody
to the ſame Hazards, if they ſhould be of the Tower being ſolely at the King's
requir'd to act upon the like Occaſions, Diſpoſal, who was only to judge of the
concurring in the Deſire, that ſome- · Fitneſs of the Perſon for ſuch a Charge:
what might be done for a general Se- But, at the fame Time that they refu.
curity; and they who had contriv'd ſed to joyn in a publick Delire to the
it, were well enough contented that it King, they intimated privately their
was once read ; not deſiring to proſe- Advice to him, That he hould make
cute it, till ſome more favourable Choice of a fitter Perfor, againſt whom
conjuncture ſhould be offer'd : And
no Exception could be made. For in-
ſo it reſted.
deed, Sir Thomas Lunsford was not
About this Time, the King not be then known enough, and of Reputa-
ing well ſatisfied in the Affection or tion equal to ſo invidious a Province;
Fidelity of Sir William Balfour ; whom and thereupon, within two or three
he had ſome Years before, to the Days at moſt, he reſign'd. the Place,
great and general Scandal and Offence and the King gave it to Sir John Byron.
of the Engliſh Nation, made Lieute-
This gave them no Satisfaction in
nant, of the Tower :
And finding the Change, ſince it had no Reference
that the feditious Preachers every to their Recommendation; which
Day prevaild in the City of London, they only look'd after : But it
gave
and corrupted the Affections and Loy- them great Delight, to ſee that the
alty of the meaner People towards the King's Counſels were not ſo fix'd, but
Government of the Church and State ; their Clamour might alter them; and
reſolv'd to put that Place into the that doing Hurt, being as deſirable a
Hands of ſuch a Man as he might re- Degree of Power, to ſome Men, an
ly upon : And yet, he was willing doing Good, and likely to gain them
to be quit of the other, without any more Profelytes, they had marr.d a
Act of Diſobligation upon him; and. Man, though they could not make
therefore gave him three thouſand one. And without doubt, it was of
Pounds, ready Money, which was great Diſadvantage to the King, that
raiſed by the Sale of ſome of the that Counſel had not been form’d with
Queen's own Jewels; and immedi. ſuch Deliberation, that there would
ately cauſed Colonel Lunsford to be need no Alteration ; which could not
ſworn in his Place, Lieutenant of the be made, without'a Kind of Recog-
Tower.
nition,
This was no ſooner known, than All this Time, the Bill depended
the Houſe of Commons found then- in the Lords Houſe, for the taking
ſelves concern’d in it; and upon Pre- away the Votes of the Biſhops, and re-
tence, That ſo excellent a Perſon as Sir moving them from the Houſe of Peers ;
William Balfour (who in Truth was which was not like to make a more
very gracious to them, for the ſafe proſperous Progreſs there, than it had
keeping the Earl of Strafford) could fix Months before ; it being evident,
not be remov'd from that Charge, but that the Juriſdiction of the Peerage
upon fome eminent Deſign againſt the City was invaded by the Commons; and
and the Kingdom ; end that the Man therefore that it was not reaſonable to
part
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 135
.
part with any of their Supporters. merce and Trade migit paſs on more
But the Virulence againſt them ftill cheerfully, for the Encouragement of
increaſed ; and no Churches frequent- the Petitioners, Bi.
ed, but where they were preached a This, and ſuch Scuff, being printed,
gainſt as Anti-Chriſtian ; the Preſſes and ſcatter'd among the People ;
fwell's with the moſt virulent Invec-. Multitudes of mean Perſons flock'd to
tives againſt them; and a Sermon was Weſtminſter Hall, and about the Lords
preach'd at Weſtminſter, and after-Houſe ; crying as they went up and
wards printed, under the Title of The down, No Biſhops, No Biſhops, that
Proteſtant Proteſted, by the infamous ſo they might carry on the Reforma-
Burton, wherein he deciard, That all tion.
Men were oblig'd by their late Proteſta I ſaid before, that upon the King's
tion, by what Means foever, to remove Return from Scotland, he diſcharg'd
both Biſhops and the Common-Prayer the Guards that attended upon the
Book out of the Church of England, as
Houſe. Whereupon, the Houſe of
impious and papiſtical : Whilſt all the Commons (for the Lords refuſed to
learned and orthodox Divines of Eng-' joyn with them) petition'd the King,
land, were look'd upon under the in regard of the Fears they had of
Notion of Scandalous Miniſters; and fome Deſign from the Papiſts, that
if the meaneſt, and moſt vicious Pa- they might continue ſuch a Guard
riſhioner they had, could be brought about them as they thought fit.
to prefer a Petition againſt either of To which his Majeſty anſwer'd,
them to the Houſe of Commons (how That he was confident they had no juſt
falſe foever) he was ſure to be proſe- Cauſe of Fear ; end that they were as
cuted as ſuch.
Safe, as himſelf and bis Children : But,
In the End, a Petition was pub- ſince ihey did avow ſuch an Apprehenfionz
lifh’d, in the Name of the Apprenti- of Danger, that he would appoint a
ces, in and about the City of London ; ſufficient Guard for them. And there-
and directed, to the King's moſt ex upon, directed the Train'd-Bands of
cellent Majeſty in the Parliament now Weſtminſter and Middleſex, in fit
aſſembled; ſhewing, that they found Numbers to attend.
by Experience, both by their own and This Security was not liked : And
Maſters Trading, the Beginning of when the diſorderly Rabble, ſpoke of
great Miſchiefs coming upon them, now, firſt came down, they reſiſted
to nip them in the Bud, when they them, and would not ſuffer them to
were firſt entring into the World'; diſturb the Houſes; and ſome of them,
the Cauſe of which, they could attri- with great Rudencfs, preſſing to the
bute to no other but the Papiſts, and Door of the Houſe of Peers, their
the Prelates, and that malignant Par- Lordſhips appointed the Guards to be
ty which adhered to them : That callid up to remove them; and the
they ſtaod ſolemnly engaged, with Earl of Dorſet, being the Lord
the utmoſt of their Lives and Fortunes, Lieutenant of Middleſex (the Crowd
to defend his facred Majeſty, and oppreſſing him, and refuſing to leave
Royal Iſſue, together with the Rights the Room) in ſome Paſſion, callid
and Liberties of Parliaments, againſt upon the Guard to give Fire upon them;
Papifts, and popiſh Innovators ; ſuch whereupon, the Rabble frighted, left
as Arch-Biſhops, Biſhops, and their the Place, and haſted away.
Dependants, appear to be : And The Houſe of Commons, incenſed
therefore they deſir'd, that the popiſh that their Friends ſhould be ſo uſed,
Lords, and other eminent and dange- much inveigh'd againſt the Earl of
rous Papiſts, in all the Parts of the Dorſet; and talk'd, of accuſing him
Kingdom, might be look'd unto, and of High Treaſon ; at leaſt, of draw-
ſecur'd; the Laws againſt Prieſts and ing up fome Impeachment againſt
Jeſuits fully executed ; and the Pre- him; for ſome Judgment he had been
lacy rooted up : That fo the Work Party to, in the Star-Chamber, or
of Reformation might be proſperouſly Council-Table: And ſo giving thefe
carried on; their diſtracting Fears re Hints of their Diſpleaſure, that he
mov'd ; that the Freedom of Com- 'might have the more Care how he
carried
136
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
carried himſelf; they concluded, that by thoſe people that crowded about the
fince they could not have ſuch a Door. But this Conference could not
Guard as pleaſed them, they would be procur'd; the Debate being ſtill
have none at all ; and ſo ſent to the put off to ſome other Time ; after fe-
Lords for the diſcharging of the veral Speeches had been made in Juſti-
Train'd-Bands that attended ; who fication of them, and Commendation
willingly conſented to it, and it was of their Affections :
Some ſaying,
done accordingly : The Houſe of They must not diſcourage their Friends,
Commons declaring, That it ſhould be this being a Time they must make uſe of
lawful; for every Member to bring his all Friends ; Mr. Pym himſelf ſaying,
own Servant, to attend at the Door, God forbid the Houſe of Commons Spould
arm’d with ſuch Weapons as they proceed, in any way, to diſbearten
thought fit.
People to obtain their juft Deſires in
It was quickly underſtood abroad, ſuch, a Way.
that the Commons liked well the Vi. In the End, the Lords requir'd the
fits of their Neighbours : So that the Advice of the Judges, what Courſe
People aſſembled in greater Numbers was legally to be taken, to ſuppreſs
than before, about the Houſe of and prevent thoſe Diſorders; and
Peers ; calling ſtill out with one Voice, thereupon, directed the Lord Keeper
No Biſhops, No Popiſh Lords; crowd- of the Great Seal, to iſſue out a Writ,
ed and affronted ſuch Lords as came upon the Statute of Northampton, to
near them, who they knew affected the Sheriff and Juſtices, to appoint
not their Ends, calling them Rotten- ftrong Watches in ſuch Places as they
hearted Lords.
judg'd moſt convenient, to hinder
Hereupon, the Houſe of Peers de- that unlawful conflux of People to
fir'd a Conference with the Commons; Weſtminſter, to the Diſturbance of
at which, they complain'd of thoſe their Conſultations
. Which Writ if-
Tumults; and told them, That ſuch füing accordingly, the Juſtices of the
Diſorders would be an Imputation upon Peace, in Obedience thereunto, ap-
the Parliament, and make it be doubted pointed the Conſtables to attend at
whether they had Freedom ; and so the Water ſide, and Places near about
might haply become a Blemiſh to thoſe Weſtminſter, with good Watches, to
many good Laws they had already paſs'd, hinder that tumultuous Reſort.
at well as prevent the making more ; This was no ſooner done, than the
and therefore deſir'd them, that they Conſtables were ſent for, by the Houſe
would, for the Dignity of Parliaments, of Commons, and after the View of
joyn with them in a Declaration, for their Warrants, required to diſcharge
the ſuppreſſing ſuch Tumults. This was their Watches. And then the Juſtices
reported to the Commons; and as were convened, and examin’d; and
foon laid aſide ; for the handling of albeit it appear'd, that what they had
other Matters of more Importance. done was in purſuance of a legal Writ,
The Tumults continued, and their directed to them under the Great Seal
Infolencies increas'd, inſomuch, as of England, by the Advice of the
many diffolute and prophane People, Lords in Parliament, without ſo much
went into the Abby at Weſtminſter,, as conferring with the Lords 'upon
and would have .pulld down the Or- that Act of theirs ; the ſetting ſuch a
gans, and ſome Ornaments of the Watch, was voted to be, A Breach of
Church ; but being refifted, and by Privilege ; and one of the Juſtices of
Force driven out, they threaten'd, the Peace, who according to his Oath
they would come with greater Num- had executed that Writ, was commit-
bers, and pull down the Church. ted to the Tower for that Offence.
- Hereupon, the Lords fend again to Upon this Encouragement, all the
the Houſe of Commons to joyn with factious and ſchiſmatical People about
them in their Declaration ; and many the City and Suburbs, affembled
Members of that Houſe complain'd, themſelves together with great Li-
That they could not come with Safety to cence ; and would frequently, as well
the Houſe ; and that ſome of them had in the Night as in the Day, convene
been aſſaulted, and very ill entertain'd, themſelves, by the Sound of a Bell,
D
01
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 137
or other Token, in the Fields, or they pleaſed ; and when they came
ſome convenient Place, to conſult, near the two Houſes, took Papers our
and receive Orders from thoſe by of their Pockets, and getting upon
whom they were to be diſpoſed. A fome Place higher than the reſt, would
Meeting of this Kind being about the read the Names of ſeveral Perſons,
Time we ſpeak of in Southwark, in a under the Tide of Diſaffected Members
Place where their Arms and Magazine of the Houſe of Commons ; and calld
for that Borough was kept ș the Con- many Lords, Falſe, Evil, and Rot-
ſtable, being a ſober Man, and known tenbearted Lords. But their Rage and
to be an Enemy to thoſe Acts of Sedi- Fury againſt the Biſhops grew ſo high,
tion, went among them, to obſerve that they threatend to pull down
what they did ; he was no ſooner their Lodgings where they lay ; of-
eſpied, but he was reproach'd with ferd to force the Doors of the Abby
diſdainful Words, beaten and dragg'd, at Weſtminſter, which were kept lock'd
in ſo barbarous a Manner, that he many Days, and defended by a conti-
hardly eſcaped with his Life. Com, nual Guard within ; and aſſaulted the
plaint was made to the next Juſtiçes.; Perſons of ſome of the Biſhops in their
and Oath of the Truth of the Com. Coaches ; and laid Hands on the
plaint made: Whereupon, a Writ Arch-Biſhop of York, in that Manner,
was directed to the Sheriff, to impanel that, if he had not been ſeaſonably re-
a Jury according to Law, for the İn, ſcued, it was believ'd they would have
quiſition, and Examination of that murder'd him : So that all the Bi-
Riot.
ſhops, and many other Members, of
This was complain’d of in the Houſe both Houſes, withdrew themſelves
of Commons, as an Act that con. from attending in the Houſes, out of
cern'd their. Privileges; for that it was a real Apprehenſion of endangering
pretended, that Meeting in Southwark their Lives.
had been inade by godly and well af Theſe Inſurrections by this Means
fected Men, only to draw up and pre were ſo countenanced, that no Indus
pare. a Petition againſt Biſhops ; and ſtry or Dexterity of the Lord Mayor
that the Conſtable, being a Friend to of London, Sir Richard Gourney, could
Biſhops, came amongſt them to croſs give any Check to them, but inſtead
them, and to hinder Men from fub- thereof, himſelf grew to be reckon'd
fcribing that wholeſome Petition. in the firſt Form of the Malignants
Upon this Diſcourſe, without any fur- (which was the Term they impoſed
ther Examination, an Order was made upon all thoſe they meant to render
by that Houſe, That the under-Sheriff Odious to the People) inſomuch, as
of Surrey ſhould be enjoyn?d, not to fufc his Houſe was no leſs threatned and
fer any Proceedings to be made upon any diſquieted by the Tumults, than the
Inquiſition, that night concern any Per. Houſe of Lords : And when he ap-
Sons who met together to ſubſcribe a prehended ſome of thoſe who were
Petition to be preferrid to that Houſe.
moſt notorious in the Riot, and com-
By.this, and other Means, all Ob- mitted them to the Cuſtody of both
ftacles of the Law being remoy'd, the Sheriffs of London in Perſon to be
and the People taught a. Way to af- carried to Newgate, they were, by the
ſemble lawfully together, in how tų. Power and Strength of their Compa-
multuous a Manner ſoever, and the nions, reſcued from them in Cheap.
Chriſtmas Holy-Days giving more fide, and the two Sheriffs compelled to
Leave and Licence to all
kind of Peo- ſhift for their own Safety.
ple, the Concourſe grew more nume-
All this Time the King was at
rous about Wejiminſter ; the Rabble White-Hall, where, belides his ordi-
ſometimes, in their Pafíages between nary Revenue, and menial Servants,
the City and Weſtminſter, making a many Officers of the late diſbanded
Stand before White-Hall, and crying Army, who ſollicited their Remainder
out, No Bijhops, No Bijhops, No Pc of Pay from the two Houſes, which
piſ Lords, would ſay aloud, That was ſecured to them by Act of Parlia-
they would have no more Poriers-Lodge, ment, and expected ſome farther Em.
but would speak with the King when ployment in the War with Ireland,
M m
upon
40
133
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
I.
2.
upon Obſervation, and View of the which the Lord Kimbolton, Denzil
Infolence of the Tumults, and the Hollis, Sir Arthur Haſlerig, Mr. Pym,
Danger, that they might poſſibly Mr. Hambden, and Mr. Strode, ſtood
bring to the Court, offer'd themſelves accuſed of High Treaſon, for con-
for a Guard to his Majeſty's Perſon ; fpiring againſt the King and the Par-
and were with more Formality and liament.
Ceremony entertained by him, than
upon a juſt Computation of all Diftem- Articles of High Treaſon, and other
pers, was by many conceived ſeaſon Miſdemeanours, againſt the Lord
abfe. And from theſe Officers, warm Kimbolton Mr. Pym, John
with Indignation at the Inſolences of Hambden, Denzil Hollis, Sir Ar-
that vile Rabble, which every Day thur Hallerig, and William Strode,
paſſed by the Court, firſt Words of Members of the Houſe of Commons.
great Contempt, and then, thoſe
Words commonly finding a Return of That They have Traiterouſly
equal Scorn, Blows were faſtened up " endeavour'd to fubvert the Funda-
on ſome of the moſt pragmatical of “ mental Laws, and Government of
the Crew. This was looked upon by " the Kingdom ; and deprive the
the Houſe of Commons like a levy King of his Regal Power ; and to
ing War by the King, and much Pity place on his Subjects an arbitrary
expreſſed by them, that the poor and tyrannical Power.
People ſhould be ſo uſed, who came “ That They have endeavour’d,
to them with Petitions (for ſome few “ by many foul Aſperſions upon his
of them had received ſome Cuts and Majeſty, and his Government, to
Slaſhes, that had drawn Blood) and « alienate the Affections of his Peo-
that made a great Argument for rein ple, and to make his Majeſty 0-
forcing their Numbers. And from " dious to them.
thoſe Conteſtations, the two Terms of 3. “ That They have endeavour'd
Roundhead and Cavalier grew to be to draw his Majeſty's late Army to
receiv'd in Diſcourſe, and were after “ Diſobedience to his Majeſty's Com-
wards continued for the moſt ſuccinct “ mand, and to ſide with them in
Diſtinction of Affections throughout
“ their traiterous Deſign.
'the Quarrel : They who were looked
4.
“ That They have Traiterouſly
upon as Servants to the King, being “ invited, and encouraged a Foreign
then called Cavaliers ; and the other “ Power to invade his Majeſty's
of the Rabble contemned, and deſpi “ Kingdom of England.
ſed, under the Name of Round-Ileads.
5.
« That They have Traiterouſly
About this Time, the King called
- endeavour'd to ſubvert the very
the Lord Falkland, and Sir John Cole Rights and Beings of Parliament.
pepper to his Council, and made the
6. * That, for the compleating
former Secretary of State in the room " of their Traiterous Deſigns, they
of Sir Henry Vane ; and the latter " have endeavour'd, as far as in them
Chancellor of the Exchequer in the " lay, by Force and Terror to com-
room of the Lord Cottington. Soon " pel the Parliament to joyn with
after this, Herbert, the King's Attor " them in their Traiterous Deſigns,
ney, inform’d the Houſe of Peers, " and to that End, have actually
that he had ſomewhat to ſay to them “ raiſed, and countenanced Tumults
from the King; and thereupon, hav againſt the King and Parliament.
ing a Paper in his Hand, he ſaid, that
7. " That They have Traiterouſly
the King commanded him to accuſe conſpired to levy, and actually have
the Lord Kimbolton, a Member of levyed War againſt the King.
that Houſe, and five Gentlemen, who
were all Members of the Houſe of The Houſe of Peers was ſomewhat
Commons, of High Treaſon ; and appallid at this Alarum ; but took
that his Majeſty had himſelf deliver'd Time to conſider of it, till the next
him in Writing ſeveral Articles, upon Day, that they might ſee how their
which he accuſed them; and he read Maſters the Commons would behave
in a Paper theſe enſuing Articles, by themſelves; the Lord Kimbolton being
prefent
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
132
preſent in the Houſe, and making Company in the Way, came to the
great Profeſſions of his Innocence ; Houſe of Commons; and command-
and no Lord being ſo hardy to preſsing all his Attendants to wait at the
for his Commitment on the Behalf of Door, and give Offence to no Man;
the King.
himſelf; with his Nephew, the Prince
At the ſame Time, a Serjeant at Elector, went into the Houſe, to the
Arms demanded to be heard at the great Amazement of all : And the
Houſe of Commons from the King; Speaker leaving the Chair, the King
and being ſent for to the Bar, demand.. went into it; and told the Houſe,
ed the Perſons of five of their Mem- He was ſorry for that Occaſion of coming
bers to be deliver'd to him in his Ma- to them; that yeſterday he had ſent his
jeſty's Name, his Majeſty having ac- Serjeant at Arms to apprehend ſome,
cuſed them of High Treaſon. But that; by his Command, were accuſed of
the Commons were not much ſurpri- High Treaſon ; whereunto be expected
zed with the Accident; for beſides Obedience, but inſtead thereof he had
that they quickly knew what had paf- receiv'd a Meſſage. He declar'd to
ſed with the Lords, ſome Servants of them, that no King of England had
the King, by eſpecial Warrant, had been ever, or ſhould be more careful to
viſited the Lodgings of ſome of the maintain their Privileges , than be
accuſed Members, and ſealed up their would be ; but that in Caſes of Treaſon'
Studies and Trunks; upon Informa- no Man had Privilege ; and therefore
tion whereof, before that Serjeant be came to ſee if any of thoſe Perſons,
came to the Houſe, or publick Notice whom he had accuſed, were there ; for
was taken of the Accufation, an Or- he was reſolv'd to have them, whereſoever
der was made by the Houſe of Com- he should find them: And looking then
mons; That if any Perſon whatſoever about, and aſking the Speaker, whe-
should come to the Lodgings of any Mem- ther they were in the Houſe; and he
'ber of that Houſe, and there offer to making no Anſwer, he faid, he per-
ſeal the Doors, Trunks, and Papers of ceiv'd the Birds were all flown, but
ſuch Members, or to ſiize upon their, expected they ſhould be ſent to him, as
Perſons ; than then ſuch Member ſhould soon as they return'd thither; and af-
require the Aid of the next Conſtable, to ſur'd them on the Word of a King, that
keep ſuch Perſons in ſafe Cuſtody, till be never intended any Force, but would
the Houſe should give further Order : proceed againſt them in a fair and legal
That if any perſon whatſoever fould Way; and ſo return'd to White-Hall.
offer to arreſt or detain any Member of The accuſed Perſons, upon Infor-
that Houſe, without firſt acquainting mation and Intelligence what his Ma-
that Houſe therewith, and receiving jeſty intended to do, how ſecretly fo-
further Order from thence; it ſhould be ever it was carried at Court, having
lawful for ſuch Member' to ſtand upon withdrawn from the Houſe about half
bis Guard, and make Reſiſtance, and an Hour before the King came thi-
for any perſon to alijt bim, according ther; the Houſe in great Diſorder,
to the Proteſtation taken to defend the as ſoon as the King was gone, ad-
Privileges of Parliament. And ſo, journ'd till the next Day in the After-
when the Serjeant had deliver'd his noon; the Lords being in ſo great
Meffage, he was no more call'd in; Apprehenſion upon Notice of the
but a Meſſage ſent to the King, That King's being at the Houſe of Com--
the Members jould be forth coming as mons, that the Earl of Eſex expreſſed
ſoon as a legal Charge should be pre- a tender Senſe he had of the Inconve..
ferr'd againſt them; and ſo the Houſe niences which were like to enſue thoſe
adjourn’d till the next Day, every one Diviſions and mov’d, That the
of the accuſed Perſons taking a Copy Houſe of Peers, as a Work very proper
of that Order, which was made for for them, would interpoſe between the
their Security.
King and his People ; and mediate to
The next Day in the Afternoon, bis Majeſty on the Behalf of the Perſons
the King, attended only by his own accuſed; for which he was reprehend-
uſual Guard, and ſome few Gentle. ed by his Friends, and afterwards
men, who put themſelves into their laughed at himſelf, when he found
how
$
j
140
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
out
how much a ſtronger Defence they Morning to go to the Guild-Hall, and
had, than the beſt Mediation could to inform the Mayor and Aldermen
prove on their Behalf.
of the Grounds of his Proceedings ;
How ſecretly foever this Affair was which will be mention'd anon. And
carried, it was evident that the King's that People might not believe,. that
Reſolution of coming to the Houſe there was any dejection of Mind, or
had been diſcover'd, by the Members forrow for what was done; the ſame
withdrawing themſelves, and by 2 Night, the ſame Council cauſed a Pro-
Compoſeđnels, which appear'd in the clamation to be prepared for the ſtop-
Countenances of many, who uſed to be ping the Ports; that the accuſed Per-
diſturbed at leſs ſurprizing Occurren- fons might not eſcape out of the King-
cees; and though the Purpoſe of ac- ,dom; and to forbid all Perſons to re-
culing the Members was only conſult- ceive, and harbour them; when it was
ed between the King and the Lord well known, that they were all to-
Digby ; yet it was generally believ'd, gether in a Houſe in the City, with
that the King's Purpoſe of going to any
Fear of their Security. And
the Houſe, was communicated to all this was done without the leaſt
William Murray of the Bed-Chamber, Communication with any body, but
.with whom the Lord Digby had great the Lord Digby, who adviſed it; and
Friendſhip ; and that it was diſcover'd it is very true, was ſo willing to take
by him. . And that Lord, who had the utmoſt Hazard upon himſelf; that
promiſed the King to move the Houſe he did offer the King, when he knew
for the Commitment of the Lord Kim- in what Houſe they were together,
bolton, as ſoon as the Attorney-Gene- with a ſelect Company of Gentlemen,
ral ſhould have accuſed him (which if who would accompany him, whereof
he' had done would probably have Sir Thomas Lunsford was one, to ſeize
raiſed a very hot Diſpute in the Houſe; upon them, and bring them away
where many would have joyn’d with alive, or leave them dead in the
him) never ſpoke the leaſt Word; Place : But the King liked not ſuch
but, on the contrary, ſeemd the moſt Enterprizes.
ſurprized, and perplexed with the At That Night, the Perſons accuſed
torney's Inpeachment; and fitting at remov'd theinſelves into their Strong-
that Time next the Lord Kimbolton, Hold, the City: Not that they durit
with whom he pretended to live with not venture themſelves at their old
much Friendſhip, he whiſper'd him Lodgings, for no Man would have
in the Ear with ſome Commotion (as preſumed to trouble them, but that
he had a rare Talent in Diffimulation) the City might ſee, that they relied
That the King was very miſchievouſly upon that place for a Sanctuary of
adviſed ; and that it hould go very their Privileges againſt Violence and
bard, but he would know, whence that Oppreſſion ; and to might put on an
Counſel proceeded : In order to which, early Concernment for them. And
and to prevent further Miſchief, be they were not diſappointed; for in
would go immediately to his Majeſty; ſpight of all the Lord Mayor could
and ſo went out of the Houſe.
do to compoſe their Diſtempers (who,
Whereas he was the only Perſon like a very wiſe and ſtout Magiſtrate,
who gave the Counſel; named the beltirr'd himſelf) the City was that
Perſons, particularly the Lord Kimbol whole Night in Arms; fome People,
ton (againſt whom leſs could be ſaid, deſign’d to that Purpoſe, running
than againſt many others, and who from one Gate to another, and crying
was more generally beloved) and un out, That the Cavaliers were coming to
dertook to prove that the ſaid Lord fire the City; and ſome ſaying, That
Kimbolton told the Rabble, when they the King himſelf was in the Head of
were about the Parliament Houſe, . them.
that they ſhould go to White-Hell. The next Morning, the King being
When he found the ill Succeſs of the inform’d of much that had pafled that
Impeachment in both Houſes, and Night, according to the Advice he
how unſatisfied all were with the Pro- had receiv'd, ſent to the Lord Mayor
ceeding; he ackviſed the King the next to call a Common Council immediate-
ly;
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 141
ly; and, about ten of the Clock, meant himſelf to have brought a
himſelf, attended only by three or Force into the Houſe to apprehend
. four Lords, went to the Guild-Hall; thein, if they had been there ; and
and in the Room, where the People was look'd upon as the higheſt Breach
were aſſembled, told them, He was of Privilege, that could poſſibly be
very ſorry to hear of the Apprehenſions, imagin’d. They who ſpoke moſt paf-
they had entertain'd of Danger ; und be fionately, and probably meant as miſ-
was come to them, to sew how much chievoully, behav'd themſelves with
be relied upon their lifections for his Modeſty, and ſeem'd only concern'd
Security and Guard, having brought no
in what concern'd them all; and con-
other with him; that he had accuſed cluded, after many Lamentations,
certain Men of High Treaſon, against That they did not think themſelves fefe
whom he would proceed in a legal Way; in that Houſe, till the Minds of Min
end therefore he preſum'd they would were better compoſed ; that the City
not Melter them in the City. And uſing was full of Apprehenſions, and was very
many other very gracious Expreſſions zealous for their Security; and there-
of his Value for them, and telling one fore wiſh'd, that they might adjourn the
of the Sheriffs (who was of the two Parliament to meet in ſome place in the
thought lefs inclin’d to his Service) City. But that was found not practi-
That he would dine with him, he de- cable ; ſince it was not in their own
parted without that Applauſe and Power to do it, without the Conſent
Chearfulneſs, which he might have of the Peers, and the Concurrence of
expected from the extraordinary Grace the King; who were both like rather
he vouchſafed to them. And in his to chooſe a Place more diſtant from
Paſſage throngh the City, the rude the City. So, with more Reaſon, in
People flock'd together, and cry'd the End they concluded, That the
out, Privilege of Perliament, Privilege Houſe ſhould adjourn itſelf for two or
of Pcrliament ; ſome of them, pref- three Days, and name a Committee,
ſing very near his own Coach, and who ſhould fit both Morning and After-
-amongſt the reſt one calling out with a noon in the City; and all who came to
very loud Voice, To your Tents, 0 have Voices : And Merchant-Taylors-
Iſrael. However, the King, though Hall was appointed for the Place of
much mortified, continued his Reſo- their meeting; they who ſerv'd for
lurion, taking little Notiee of the London, undertaking, That it ſhould
Diſtempers ; and, having dined at be ready againſt the next Morning -
the Sheriffs, return'd in the Afternoon No Man oppoſing or contradicting
to White-Hall; and publiſh'd the any Thing that was ſaid ; they, who
next Day, a Proclamation, for the formerly uſed to appear for all the
Apprehenſion of all thoſe, whom he Rights and Authority which belonged
had accuſed of High Treaſon, forbid- to the King, not knowing what to
ding any Perſon to harbour them; fay, between Grief and Anger, that
the Articles of their Charge being the violent Party had by theſe late
likewiſe printed, and diſperſed. unſkilful Actions of the Court, gotten
When the Houſe of Commons next great Advantage, and recover'd new
met, none of the accuſed .Members Spirits.
appearing, they had Friends enough,
When the Committee met the next
who were well inftruéted to aggravate Morning at Merchant-Taylors- Hall,
the late Proceedings, and to put the where all who came were to have
Houſe into a thouſand Jealouſies and Voices; they found a Guard ready to
Apprehenſions, and every ſlight Cir- attend them, of ſubſtantial Citizens in
cumſtance carried Weight enough in Arms, and a Committee from the
it to diſturb their Minds. They took Common Council, to bid them wel-
very little Notice of the accuſing the come into the City; and to aſſure
Members ; but the King's coming to them, That the City would take Cure,
the Houſe, which had been never that they, and all their Members Mould
known before, and declaring, That be be ſecured from Violence; and to that
.would take them wherever be found Purpoſe bad appointed that Guard to
them was an Evidence, that he attend them, which mould be always
reliev'd
>
41
Nn
142
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
whilſt they
reliev'd twice a Day, if they refolv'd to accuſed Perſons were, all together in
fit Morning and Afternoon : And ac one Houſe in Coleman-Street, near the
quainted them further, That the Com- Place where the Committee fate ; and
mon Council, in Contemplation that whither Perſons truſted paſs’d to and
they might ſtand in Want of any Thing, fro to communicate, and receive Di-
had likewiſe appointed a Committee of rections ; but it was not feaſonable
ſo many Aldermen, and ſuch a Number for them yet to appear in Publick,
of the Common Council, which hould and to come and fit with the Com-
meet always at a Place named, at thoſe mittee, or to own the believing, that
Hours, which that Committee ſhould ap- they thought themſelves ſafe from the
point to meet at; at the End, that if Violence, and the Affaults of the
any Thing were to be requir'd of the Court, the Power whereof they ex-
City, they might ſtill know their Plea- ceedingly contemn’d,
Jure, and take care that it ſhould be ſeem'd to apprehend it; nor was it
obey'd. Thus they had provided for yet Time to model in what Manner
ſuch a mutual Communication and their Friends in the City and the
Confederacy, that they might be fure Country, ſhould appear concern'd for
always to be of one Mind, and the them ; in preparing whereof no Time
one to help the other in the Proſecu-
was loft.
tion of thoſe Deſigns and Expedients, Againſt the Day the Houſe was to
which they ſhould find neceſſary to meet, the firſt Adjournment not being
their common End; the Committee above two or three Days, the Com-
of the City conſiſting of the moſt emi- .mittee had prepar’d Matter' enough
nent Perſons, Aldermen and others, for a Report ; a Relation of all they
for their Diſaffection to the Govern- had diſcover'd upon their Examina-
ment of Church and State.
tions, and ſuch Votes, as they thought
At their firſt Sitting, the Commit- fit to offer upon the Breach of their
tee begun with the ſtating the Manner Privilege; that they might thereby
of the King's coming to the Houſe, diſcover the Affections of the Houſe,
and all he did there ; the ſeveral of which they could not yet take any
Members mentioning all that they Meaſure, ſeeing there had been no
would take upon them to remember Debate ſince thoſe Accidents, which
of his Majeſty's Doing or Speaking, could diſcover the general Temper ;
both as he came to the Houſe, and af- which they well enough knew, was
ter he was there ; ſome of them being not before to their Advantage. In
walking in Weſtminſter.Hall when the the mean Time, they uſed all the
King walk'd through, and ſo came to Ways they could to aſperſe thoſe,
the Houſe with him, or near him; who uſed to oppoſe them, as the Con-
others reporting, what they heard trivers of the late Proceedings; and
ſome of the great Men, who attended were willing they ſhould know it ;
his Majeſty, ſay, as they paſſed by; which they imagin’d, would reſtrain
every idle Word having its Commen- them from taking the fame Liberty
tary; and the Perſons, whoever were they had uſed to do.
named, being appointed to attend, And ſo at their Meeting in the
they having Power given them to ſend Houſe, upon the Report of the Com-
for all Perſons, and to examine them mittee, they declar'd, That the King's
touching that Affair. Nor had any coming to the Houſe, and demanding the
Man the Courage to refuſe to obey Perſons of divers Members thereof to be
their Summons ; ſo that all thoſe of deliver'd unto him, was a high Breach
the King's Servants, who were ſent of the Rights and Privileges of Parlia-
for, appear'd punctually at the Hour ment; and inconſiſtent with the Liberty
that was aſſign'd them; and were ex and Freedom thereof; and therefore that
amin'd upon all Queſtions, which any they could not wiih the Safety of their
one of the Committee would propofe own Perſons, or the Indemnity of the
to then, whereof many were very im- Rights and Privileges of Parliament,
pertinent, and of little Reſpect to the fit there any longer, without a full Vin-
King.
dication of so high a Breach, and a füf-
It was very well known where the ficient Guard, tzberein they might con-
fide ;
in the Reign of King CHARLES 1. 143
fide; and for that Reaſon, did order, the Privilege of Parliament, but the
that their Houfe should be again ad common Liberty of every Sulijeet; tha:
journ'd for four Days; and that the the ſame Members had been the ſame
Committee should meet in the ſame Place, Day demanded by a Serjeant at Arins to
to conſider and reſolve of all Things, be deliver'd to him, that he might ar-
that might concern the Good and Safety rest them of High Treaſon ; that the
of the City, and the Kingdom. And next Day his Majeſty came to the Houſe
this Order and Declaration being in his own Perſon, attended by a Multia
made, they adjourn'd: The laſt tude of armd Men in a warlike Man-
Clauſe being intended to bring their ner with Halberds, Swords, and Piſtols,
Members to them.
who came up to the very Door of the
At the Meeting of the Houſe, the Houſe, and placed themſelves there, and
Committee had inform’d them, firſt in other Places, and Paſſages" near to
of the great Civilities they had re the Houſe, to the great Terror and
ceiv'd from the City in all the Parti- Diſturbance of the Members then ſitting;
culars, that they might have Order to that his Majeſty, fitting in the Speaker's
return the Thanks of the whole Houſe, Chair, demanded the Perſons of thoſe
which they eaſily obtain'd; and, at Members to be deliver'd to him ; which
their Return, they took more Exami was a high Breach of the Rights, and
nations than they had formerly; by Privileges of Parliament, and inconfift-
which they made a fuller Relation of ent with the Liberties and Freedom
the King's coming to the Houſe, and thereof. That afterwards his Majeſty
his Carriage and Words there. And did iſſue forth ſeveral Warrants to di-
becauſe it was viſible to all Men, that vers Officers under his own Hand, for
the King was ſo far from bringing any the Apprehenſion of their Perſons, which
Force with him, which they deſir'd it by Law he could not do. And there-
ſhould be believ'd he had brought, upon he declared, 'That if any Perſon
that he had only his Guard of Hal- ſhould arrest Mr. Hollis, &c. or any
berdiers, and fewer of them, than other Member of Parliament, by Pre-
uſed to go with him on any ordinary tence of any warrant iſſuing out from
Motion; and that fewer of his Gen- the King, he was guilty of the Breach
tlemen Servants were then with him, of the Privilege of Parliament, and a
than uſually attended him, when he publick Enemy of the Common-Wealth.
went but to walk in the Park; and And they declared, That the pub-
had only their little Swords; they liſhing the Articles of High Treaſon
were very punctual in mentioning any againſt the Perſons accuſed, was a bigh
light or looſe Words, which had Breach of the Privilege of Parliament,
fallen from any Man, that it might a great Scandal to his Majeſty, and his
be believ'd, that there was more in Government, a ſeditious Alt, manifeſt-
the Matter. As they carefully inſert- ly tending to the Subverſion of the Peace
ed in their Relation, that one of the of the Kingdom, and an Injury, and
Waiters, as he walk'd very near his Diſhonour to the Members ; and that
Majeſty through the Hall, faid, He the Privileges of Parliament, and Li-
had a good Piſtol in his Pocket; and berties of the Subject to violated and
that another, as they were walking up broken, could not be ſufficiently vindica-
the Stairs towards the Houſe of Com- ted, unleſs the King would be graciouſly
mons, called out, Fall on ; from pleaſed to diſcover the Names of thuse
which they would have it believ'd, Perſons, who adviſed him to do the par-
that there had been very bloody In- ticular Aets before mention'd, that they
tentions.
might receive Condign Puniſhment.
Then a Declaration was agreed up This ſtrange Declaration, fo con-
on by the Commons only, in which trary to the known Rules and Judg-
was ſet forth, That the Chambers, Stu ments of Law, and to the known
dies, and Trwiks of Mr. Hollis, Sir Practice and Proceedings of Parlia-
Arthur Haſlerig, Mr. Pym, Mr. ment, was no ſooner framed and a-
Hambden, and Mr. Strode, had been greed upon in the Committee, than it
by colour of his Majeſty's Warrant was printed, and publiſhed through-
seald up; which was not only against out the City, and Kingdom, before it
+
was
144
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
was confirm’d by, or reported to the been to be done of that Kind,
Houſe; which is againſt the Cuſtom there ſhould have been a fitter Choice
of Parliament. For, by that Cuſtom, of the Perſons, there being many
no Act done at any Committee ſhould of the Houſe, of more miſchievous
be divulged before the ſame be report Inclinations, and Deſigns againſt the
ed to the Houſe.
King's Perſon and the Government,
The Truth is, it cannot be expref- and were more expofed to the publick
fed how great a Change there appear’d Prejudice, than the Lord Kimbolion
to be in the Countenance and Minds was; who was a civil, and well natu-
of all Sorts of People, in Town and red Man, and had rather kept ill
Country, upon theſe late Proceedings Company, than drank deep of that
of the King. They, who had before Infection and Poiſon, that - had
even loſt their Spirits, having loft wrought upon others. Then Sir Ar-
their Credit, and Reputation, except thur Haſlerig, and Mr. Strode, were
amongſt the meaneſt People, who Perſons of too low an Account and
could never have been made uſe of by Eſteem ; and though their Virulence,
them, when the greater ſhould forſake and Malice, was as confpicuous, and
them ; and ſo deſpaired of ever being tranſcendent as any Man's, yet their
able to compaſs their Deſigns of Ma- Reputation, and Intereſt to do Mif-
lice, or Ambition (and ſome of them chief, otherwiſe than in concurring in
had reſumed their old Reſolutions of it, was ſo ſmall, that they gained
leaving the Kingdom) now again re Credit and Authority by being joyned
covered greater Courage than ever,
with the reſt, who had indeed a great
and quickly found that their Credit Influence. However, ſince there was
and Reputation was as great as ever it a Reſolution to proceed againſt thoſe
had been ; the Court being reduced Men, it would have been much bet-
to a lower Condition, and to more ter to have cauſed them to have been
Diſeſteem and Neglect than ever it all ſeverally arreſted, and ſent to the
had undergone. All that they had Tower, or to other Priſons, which
formerly ſaid of Plots and Conſpiracies might have been very eaſily done be-
againſt the Parliament which had be- fore ſuſpected, than to ſend in that
fore been laughed at, was now thought Manner to the Houſes with that. For-
true and real; and all their Fears and mality, which would be liable to ſo
Jealouſies looked upon as the Effects many Exceptions. At leaſt, they
of their great Wiſdom and Foreſight. ought ſo far to have imparted it to
All that had been whiſpered of Ire- Members in both Houſes, who might
now talked aloud and have been truſted, that in the Inſtant
printed ; as all other feditious Pam- of the Accuſation, when both Houſes
phlets and Libels were. The Shops were in that Confternation (as in a
of the City generally ſhut up, as if an great Confternation they were) fome-
Enemy were at their Gates ready to what might have been preſſed confi-
enter, and to plunder them; and the dently towards the King's Satisfaction ;
People in all Places at a Gaze, as if which would have produced fome Op-
they looked only for Directions, and poſition and Contradiction, and might
were then diſpoſed to any Under- have prevented that univerſal Concur-
taking
rence and Dejection of Spirit, which
On the other Side, they who had, ſeiz'd upon, and poſſeſſed both Hou-
with the greateſt Courage and Alacri- fes.
ty, oppoſed all their ſeditious Practi But above all, the Anger, and In-
ces, between Grief and Anger, were dignation was very great and general,
confounded with the Conſideration of that to all the other Overſights and
what had been done, and what Preſumptions was added the expoſing
was like to follow. They were far the Dignity, and Majeſty, and Safety
from thinking that the accuſed Mein- of the King, in his coming in Perſon,
bers. had receiv'd much Wrong, yet in that Manner, to the Houſe of Com-
they thought it an unſeaſonable
and in going the next D:15,
Time to call the:n to an Account as he did, to the Guild-Hall, and to
for it. That if any Thing had the Lord Mayor's; which drew ſuch
Reproaches
land,
was
mons;
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
135
hos ommon Council likewiſe met,
Reproaches upon him to his Face. they ſhould be both murder'd at
All which was juſtly imputed to the Hampton Court ; whereupon they left
Lord Digby, who had before fewer the King to his ſmall Retinue in a
true Friends than he deſerv'd, and moſt difconfolate, perplexed Condi-
had now almoſt the whole Nation his tion, in more need of Comfort and
Enemies, being the moſt univerſal Counſel, than they had ever known
odious of any Man in it.
'him; and inſtead of attending their
When the Houſe of Commons had Maſter in that exigent, they went to-
paffed ſuch Votes from the Commit- gether into the City, where the Com-
. tee at Merchant-Taylors-Hall, as they mittee fate, and where they were not
thought neceſſary, and had once more the leſs welcome for being known to
adjourn'd thither, the Committee have been invited to have waited upon
aſked the Advice of the Houſe, whe- their Majeſties. They who wiſhed the
ther the accuſed Members might be King belt, were not ſorry that he
preſent with them (who had in Truth then withdrew from White-Hall; for
directed, and governed all their Pro- the Inſolence, with which all that
ceedings from the Time they fate People were tranſported, and the A-
there) which was not only approv'd, nimoſity, which was infuſed into the
but thoſe Members required to attend Hearts of the People in general againſt
the Houſe the next Day it was to fit, the Court, and even againſt the Per-
and ſo to continue the Service of the ſon of the King, cannot be expreſſed.
Houſe, which was then adjourn’d for Whilſt the Committee face in London,
might appear in ſuch a Poſture, as as hath been faid, to the End they
ſhould be thought convenient. might be ready to comply in any Par-
The Noiſe was ſo great of the Pre- ticulars ſhould be deſired from the
parations made in the City to bring. City; and fo the Committee having
the accuſed Members in Triumph to reſolv'd, That the Astions of the Citi-
the Parliament, and that the whole zens of London, or of any other Perſon
Militia would accompany then, whatſoever for the Defence of the Para
whilſt the Sea-men and Mariners liament, or the Privileges thereof, or
made an Appearance in Bèrges, and the Preſervation of the Moombers there-
other Vefſels; upon the Themes to of, were according to their Dilty, and
Weſtminſter, that the King thought it to their late Proteſtation, and the Laws
convenient to remove again from of this Kingdom : And if any Perſon
White Hall, and ſo on the tenth of ſhould arreſt, or trouble any of them
January, which was the Eve to that for ſo doing, he was declared to be a
great Feſtival, his Majeſty, the Queen, publick Enemy to the Common-Wealth:
and the Royal Children, went from and in the next Place having reſolv'd,
White-Hall to Hampton-Court, waited That that Vote fhould be made known to
on by ſome few of their own Houf- the Common Council of the City of Lon-
hold Servants, and thirty or forty of don, the accuſed Members about two
choſe Oficers, who had attended at of the Clock in the Afternoon on the
White-Hall for Security againſt the eleventh of January, being the next
Tumults.
Day after the King went to Hampton-
Before his going, he fent to the Court, came from their Lodgings in
Earls of Elſex and Holland to attend the City to Weſtminſter, guarded by
him in his Journey; who were both the Sheriffs , and Traind-Bands of
by their Places, the one being Lord London and Weſtminſter, and attended
Chamberlain of his Houſhold, the 0- · by a Conflux of many thouſands of
ther the firſt Gentleman of his Bed- People beſides, making a great Cla-
Chamber or Groom of the Stool, mour againſt Biſhops, and popiſh
obliged to that Duty. The Earl of Lords, and for the Privileges of Par-
Ellex reſolved to go; and, to that liament; ſome of them, as they paſſed
Purpoſe, was making himſelf.ready, by White-Hall, aſking with much
when the Earl of Holland came to Contempt, What was become of the
him, and privately difſwaded him; King and his Cavaliers ? and whither
aſſuring him, that if they two went, be was gone?
Froir
Oo
42
146
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
From London Bridge to Weſtminſter; minſter, was legal and juſtifiable. The
the Thames was guarded with above a Maſters and Officers of Ships were
hundred Lighters and Long-boats, likewiſe called in, and moſt heartily
laden with ſmall Pieces, of Ordnance, thanked for their Kindneſs; and Ma-
and dreſſed up with Waft-cloaths and jor-General Skippon appointed every
Streamers, as ready for Fight. And Day to attend at Wejtminſter, wich
that the Train’d-Bands of London ſuch a Guard as he thought ſufficient
might be under the Command of a for the two Houſes. There was one
Perſon fit to lead them, they granted Circumſtance not to be forgotten in
a Commiſſion to Captain Skippon, who the March of the Citizens that Day,
was Captain of the Artillery Garden, when the Shew by Water was little
to be Major-General of the Militia of inferior to the other by Land, that
the City of London ; an Officer never the Pikemen had faſtend to the Tops
before heard of, nor imagined that of their Pikes, and the reſt in their
they had Authority to conſtitute. Hats or their Boroms, printed Papers
The Man had ſervd very long in of the Proteitations which had been
Holland, and from a common Soldier taken, and enjoyned by the Houſe of
had raiſed himſelf to the Degree of a
Commons the Year before for the
Captain, and to the Reputation of a Defence of the Privilege of Parlia-
good Officer ; he was a Man of Or- ment ; and many of them had the
der and Sobriety, and untainted with printed Votes of the King's breaking
any of thoſe Vices which the Officers their Privileges in his coming to the
of that Army were exerciſed in ; and Houſe, and demanding their Mem-
had newly given over that Service bers.
upon ſome Exceptions he had to it; The Members being in this Manner
and, coming to London, was by foine placed again upon their Thrones, and
Friends preferred to that Command in the King retired with his poor Family
the Artillery Garden, which was to to Hampton-Court, they reviewed their
teach the Citizens the Exerciſe of Votes, which had paſſed in the Com-
their Arms. He was altogether illi- mittee in the City, which they had
terate, and having been bred always cauſed every Night to be printed,
abroad, brought Diſaffection enough without ſtaying for the Confirmation
with him from thence againſt the of the Houſe; and where they had
Church of England, and ſo was much: any Defect, as they thought, or by
careſſed and truſted by that Party. the Interpretation of others, they ſup-
This Man marched that Day at the plied them with more Strength and
Head of their tumultuary Army to the Authority. So they provided and de-
Parliament Houſe; where the accuſed clared, That ro Member of Parliament
Members were no ſooner enter'd, than should be arreſted upon any Pretence
they magnified the great Kindneſs and whatſoever. And becauſe it had been
Affection they had found in the City, inſiſted on that they would not
and their Zeal to the Parliament; and make any Declaration ſo much againſt
if their Expreſſions of it on this ex the known Law, which allowed no
traordinary Occaſion, had been ſome- Privilege in the Caſe of Treaſon, Fe.
what unuſual, that the Houſe engaged lony, or Breach of the Peace, they
in Honour to protect and defend
them now added that, even in the Caſe of
from receiving any Damage. Where- Treaſon no Member ought or could be
upon the Sheriffs of London were cal- arreſted, or proceeded againſt, without
led into the Houſe of Commons, and firſt informing the Houſe of which he
thanked by the Speaker for their ex was a Member, of the Charge and E-
traordinary Care, and Love expreſſed vidence againſt him, and receiving their
to the Parliament ; and told, That Leave and Direction for the Proceeding
they ſhould have an Ordinance of Par- againſt him. And that Men might
liament for their Indemnity, declaring hereafter be more wary how they were
that all their Aitions of Reſpect and made inſtrumental in bringing any
Kindneſs, which they had ſhew'd to the Reproach upon them, they appointed
Lords and Commons in London, and a Committee to prepare a Charge a-
their attending them to, and at Weft- gainſt Herbert the King's Attorney-
General
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 147
General 'for preſuming to accuſe the cauſe they did not ſpeedily receive
Members of High Treaſon ; which ſuch an Anſwer as they liked, they
was made ready accordingly, and pro- appointed their Major General Skip-
fecuted with wonderful Vigour, as pon to place ſuch Guards about the
will be remembred hereafter.
Tower, as might prevent the carrying
They reſolved that the King ſhould in more Proviſion of Victual thither,
not enjoy much Eaſe and Quiet in his than would ſerve for one Days Con-
Retreat; and therefore every Day fent ſumption ; notwithſtanding which,
ſome Committee or other to him with the King would not conſent to their
Petitions and Expoftulations : a Com- Defire.
mittee of Lords and Commons attend All Men were now in Union in
ed him with a grievous Complaint of both Houſes ; the Lords had not yet
the Breach of Privilege, they had ſuf- recover'd the Courage to diffent in any
tained by his coming to the Houſe ; one Propoſition made to them from
and deſired him, That be would inform the Commons, and in their Houſe no
them who had given him that pernicious Man durſt preſume to debate the Mat-
Counſel, that ſuch evil Counſellors ter of Privilege, how far it extended,
might be brought to Juſtice, and receive and in what Caſes it was of no Mo-
condign. Puniſhment. And when they ment, left he might be thought to be
found that the Lord Digby, whom privy to, and a Counſellor of, that
they generally believed to be the Au- heinous Breach, which had given
thor and Contriver of all that Tranf- them all this Credit. In this Conſent
action, though they could have no and Concurrence, all the Votes,
Evidence of it, had withạrawn him- which had paſſed at the Committee in
ſelf from Court, and they well enough London, and which had been by them
knew had tranſported himſelf beyond communicated to the Common Coun-
the Seas, they brought Witneſſes to cil, and ſo divulged throughout the
the Bar, who affirmed, That there City and Kingdom, were confirmed ;
were, on ſuch a Day, feveral Officers, and thoſe who objected againſt any
whereof the unbeloved Lunsford was Expreſſions, which were not warrant-
one, offembled together at Kingſton up- able, reprehended for taxing the Dif-
on Thames near Hampton-Court; cretion of the Committee.
and that the Lord Digby came thither And in one Day both Houſes agreed
to them in a Coach with fix Horſes from in, and executed three Acts of Sove-
Hampton-Court, and conferred with reignty, even of as high a Nature as
them a long Time, and then returned any they have ſince ventured upon ;
again thither._They were well fatis- the firſt, In commanding the Sheriffs of
fied with the Evidence, and forth with London, by, and with the Advice of
accuſed him to the Houſe of Peers of their new Serjeant-Major-General Skip-
High Treaſon, for the levying of
for the levying of pon, to place a Guard upon, that is
War againſt the King and Parliament; to beſiege the Tower of London, to bin-
and a Proclamation was ſhortly iſſued der the going in of any Provifons, or
out for his Apprehenſion, when all going out of any Arms or Ammunition ;
the Town knew, that he was fafely the ſecond, in appointing Sir John
arrived in Zealand. They reſumed Hotham to go to Hull, which will be
the Confideration of the Lieutenant of mention'd anon; the third, In ſending
the Tower ; and upon new Informa an order to the Governor of Portſmouth,
tion that much Proviſion was ſent in that no body ſhould be admitted into that
thither every Day, they ſent for Sir Town and Fort, or ſuffer'd to paſs from
John Byron, who appeared at their thence, or any Thing to be diſpoſed of
Bar, and gave fo full Anſwers to all there, but by Order from the King lig-
the Queſtions they aſked of him, that nified by both Houſes of Parliament.
they could not but diſmiſs him. After this, a Meſſage was reſolv'd
However they ſent again to the King upon to be ſent to the Governor of
to remove him, and put a fitter Man the Prince, That he ſhould not ſuffer
into the Place, and recommended Sir the Prince to be tranſported out of the
John Coniers to him, as a Man in Kingdom, as he would anſwer the
whom they could confide ; and be- Breach of Trust repoſed in bim concern-
ing
D
A
1.48
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ing Religion, and the Honour, Safety, which they were charged) thought it
and Peace of the three Kingdoms ; and now Unanſwerable Reaſon to condemnn
they declared, That any Perſon who the Juſtice of the King's Proceedings;
mould perſwade or attend upon him in becauſe if a Man ſhould be committed
Such Tranſportation, jould be under the and impriſoned as ſoon
as the King
Jame Cenfure. With theſe high Acts accuſed him of High Treaſon, the
of publick Concernment they joyned Parliament might by Conſequence be
the Vindication of themſelves from the diſſolved ; ſince he might ſucceſſively
late Treſpaſs : And to that End accuſe the whole Body; which Lo-
cauſed the Attorney-General to be gick, if they had not pleaſed to vote
publickly examined upon Interrogato-: the contrary, would have run as well
ries, whether be did contrive, frame, in their own Caſe, upon their own
or adviſe the Articles of Impeachment Licence of accuſing, and more dan-
against the Members that were accuſed? gerouſly in reſpect of the Houſe of
Whether he knew the Truth of them up Peers, which might poſſibly indeed
on his own Knowledge, or by Informa- have been thereby diffolved.
tion? Whether be would undertake to The Minds of Men throughout the
make them good, when he ſhould be there- Kingdom being now prepared to re-
unto call d From whom he received ceive all their Dictates with Reverence,
them, and by whoſe Direction or Advice and to obey all their Orders, and to
he did exhibit them? Whether he had believe that all their Safety confifted
any Teſtimony or Proof of them before in, and depended upon their Autho-
the exhibiting? And having received rity, and there being few within the
this Anſwer, That he had neither fra- Houſe who had Courage to oppoſe
med, nor adviſed them, nor knew any and contradict them, they ſent to the
thing of the Truth of them, nor could Lords to quicken them in a Bill they
undertake to juſtify them, but that he had formerly ſent to them concerning
had receiv'd them from the King, and removing the Biſhops out of their
was by him commanded to exhibit them; Houſe ;
when there
they preſently declared, That he had were ſo many of them Priſoners in the
broken the Privilege of Parliament in Tower, they preſumed would not
preferring thoſe Articles, and that the meet with ſo great an Oppoſition. In
ſame was illegal, and he Criminal for to the Houſe of Commons they called to
doing ; and that a Charge should be ſent have the Bill read, which had lain ſo
to the Lords, in the Name of the Houſe of long there, the ſame that had been
Commons, against the Attorney-General, brought in by Saint-John for the ſet-
to have Satisfaction for the great Scan- 'tling the Militia of the Kingdom; to
dal, and Injury to the Members thereof, which they now added, the putting ali
unleſs be did within five Days bring in the Forts, Caſtles, and Garriſons into
his Proof, and make good the Articles the Hands of ſuch Perſons as they could
againſt them.
confide in ; which was the Expreſſion
So that they had now raiſed to them- they uſed, when they had a Mind to
felves an unqueſtionable Stock of Se remove any Man from a Place, of
curity, when they had declared, That which he was juſtly pofſeffed, That
they might neither be apprehended by a they could not Confide in him, which
Warrant under the King's own Hand, they thought to be Reaſon enough to diſ-
nor accuſed by his Attorney-General, ex- place any Man. When this Bill had
cept themſelves were willing : And been with much ado accepted, and
they who had concluded it moſt ex firſt read, there were few Men who
actly juſt, that the Houſe of Peers imagined it would ever receive further
mult impriſon their own Members, Countenance : But now there were
as faſt as the Commons accuſed them few, who did not believe it to be a
of High Treaſon, and, by that Rule, very neceſſary Proviſion for the Peace
had, within leſs than a Week before, and Safety of the Kingdom. So great
freed themſelves of twelve Biſhops, an Iinpreſſion had the late Proceedings
who always oppoſed their Deſigns (and made upon them ; ſo that with little
in a Caſe, where every Man's Con- Oppoſition it paſſed the Commons,
ſcience abſolved them of the Guilt of and was ſent up to the Lords.
Upon
which now,
t
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 140
Upon the diſbanding the late Army in Church and Srače, but had been
in the North, all the Artillery, Arms, firſt engaged by his particular Malice
and Ammunition, that was provided againſt the Earl of Sirafford, and af-
for that Service, had been by the terwards terrified by their Votes againft
King's Command ſent to Hull, where Sheriffs and Deputy Lieutenants; and
it ſtill remained ; and his Majeſty in-' therefore they ſent his Son, a Member
tended it ſhould be kept there, for a likewiſe of the Houſe, and in whom
Magazine upon all Occaſions. And they moſt confided, to aſſiſt him in
he had a little before theſe late Paffa- that Service, or rather to be a Spy,
ges ſent the Earl of Newcaſtle thither, upon his Father. And this was the
as ſoon as it ſhould be fit to publiſh firſt Effay they made of their Sove-
a Conimand ; and in the mean Time reign-Power over the Militia and the
by his own Intereſt to draw in ſuch of Forts, whilſt their Bill was yet de-
the Country, as were neceſſary to pending, and was a ſufficient Mani-
guard the Magazine. But nothing feſtation what they intended to do,
the King did in the moſt private Man- when it ſhould be paſſed ; towards
ner, but was quickly known to thoſe which they made all the Haſte they
from whom it ſhould moſt have been could, exerciſing the King's Patience
conceald. And ſo the Earl of New- every Day with ſome diſagreeable
caſtle was no ſooner gone, but Notice Meſſage to him, upon their Privileges,
was taken of it, and he had not been and requiring Vindication, and Repa-
three Days in Hull, before the Houſe ration, and Diſcovery of the Perſons
of Peers ſent for him, to attend the who had promoted that Proſecution.
Service of that Houſe, which he had And though the Council once a week
rarely uſed to do, being for the moſt attended upon his Majeſty at Windſor,
Part at Richmond attending upon the he could not freely conſult with them
Prince of Wales, whoſe Governor he upon what moſt concern'd him.
was. He made no Haſte to return In this fad Condition was the King
upon the Summons of the Houſe, but at Windſor, fallen in ten Days from a
ſent to the King to know his Pleaſure; Height and Greatneſs that his Ene-
who not thinking Matters yet ripe mies fear'd, to ſuch a Lowneſs, that
enough to make any ſuch Declaration, his own Servants durſt hardly avow
appointed him to come away; upon the waiting on him.
For though,
which he appeard in the Houſe, with- 'tis true, the Acts of the Houſe of
out being aſked where he had been. Commons, and the Tumults, were as
But both Houſes ſhortly after mov'd great Affronts, to Majeſty, before
the King, That the Magazine at Hull this laſt Act upon the Members, as
might be remov’d to the Tower of Lon.. any that could be imagin'd poſſible to
don, which would be very neceſſary for ſucceed, yet the Houſe of Peers was
the quieting the Minds of that Country, then well diſpoſed, and might have
and abating the Fears and Jealoufies in been managed with a little Patience,
the Hearts of very many, who did ap- to have blaſted all the Extravagancies
prebend ſome Deſign in the keeping To of the Commons. And the Truth is,
fruch Ammunition in the Northern the greateſt Extravagancies appear'd
Parts : And: his Majeſty not giving to the ſtanders-by to be but the At-
them a ſpeedy Anſwer; they ſent down tempts of Perſons in Deſpair, and the
Sir John Hotham, whoſe Eſtate lay Strugglings of Men at the laſt Gaſp.
within three or four Miles of Hull, And, without Doubt, if the King
and he had fome Command of the could have had the Patience to have
Train'd-Bands, to be Governor there- fat ſtill a Spectator of the Diffentions
of, and to draw in ſuch of the Coun- between the two Houſes, and encou-
try as he thought fit for the Place. raging the Lords, who were firm to
And though Hotham . had concurr'd him, and putting thoſe Matters in
with them in all their violent Ways, iſſue, wherein the Commons had inva-
yet they well knew that he was not ded both his and the Lords Privileges ;
poffeſſed with their Principles in any if he had commanded his Counſel at
Degree, but was very well affected in Law and the Judges, to have proceed-
his Judgment to the Government bothed by the ſtrict Rules of the Law
43
Рp
againſt
150
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
againſt ſeditious Perſons at large, forly threaten’d the Ruin of the Kingdom,
preaching and printing againſt the did not, by the Bleſing of Almighty God,
Peace of the Kingdom, and put the end in a happy and bleſſed Accommodation,
Commons Houſe either to have been his Majeſty would then be ready to call
quiet, whilſt their Champions were Heaven and Earth, God and Man, to
exemplarily puniſhed (which would witneſs, that it bad not failed on his
have put a ſpeedy End to their Li- Part.
cences) or to have appear'd the Cham This Meſſage was receiv'd by the
pi for an infamous Act againſt the Lords with great Joy, inſomuch thať
Law and the Juſtice of the Kingdom, they deſired the Commons to joyn
their Juriſdiction would probably in a with them in returning their Thanks
ſhort Time have been brought within to his Majeſty for his gracious Offers,
the due Limits, and tha ſtouteft Fac- and to aſſure him, That they would
tor for the violent Party been glad to forthwith apply themſelves to thoſe Con-
have compounded for an Act of Ob- fiderations be propoſed. However the
livion.
next Day they joyned together in a
The King continued at Windſor to Petition to the King, That he would,
expect the End of this Tempeſt; and in very few Days, ſend in his Proofs,
finding that they hardly would take and proceed against the Members he had
Notice of his former Meſſages, but accuſed of High Treaſon, or declare
proceeded in the Highways of De- them to be innocent, and himſelf to be
ſtruction, for he had Advertiſement ill adviſed. To which he anſwered,
of their moſt ſecret Combinations, re- That be was ready to proceed against
foly'd to ſend ſuch a Meſſage to the them, but that there might be no new
two Houſes, whoſe united Reputation Miſtakes in the Way, and Form of the
was yet too great to ſtruggle with, as Proceedings, be deſired, that it might
might at leaſt divide thoſe, who deſi- be first reſolv’d, whether bis Majeſty
red the publick Peace, from the Mi- were bound in reſpeet of Privileges to
niſters of Confufion : And ſo on the proceed against them by Impeachment in
20th of January ſent this Propoſition Parliament, or whether he were at
and Meſſage to them in writing for Liberty to prefer an Indictment at Com-
preventing thoſe Evils, which the ma mon Law in the uſual Way, or whether
nifold Diſtractions threaten’d to the be bad bis Choice of either; before that
Kingdoms that they would with all was reſolv’d, his Majeſty thought it
Speed fall into a ſerious Confideration of unuſual and unfit to diſcover what
all thoſe Particulars, which they held Proof he had againſt them ; but then
neceſſary, as well for the upholding and he would give ſuch ſpeedy Direction
maintaining the King's just and regal for Proſecution, as might put a De-
Authority, and the ſettling his Revenue, termination to the Buſineſs.
as for the preſent and future Eſtabliſh But having ſhut the Doors againſt
ment of their Privileges, the free and any Mention of Law, they made no
quiet enjoying of their Estates, and For- Scruple of reſolving, and anſwering
tunes, the Liberties of their perſons, his Majeſty, That they were firſt to ſee
the Security of the true Religion now the Evidence he had to prove the Guilt,
profeſſed in ibe Church of England, before they could give any Direčtion for
and the ſettling of Ceremonies in ſuch a the Manner of the Proſecution, and Pro-
Manner, as might take away all just ceeding ; which they grounded upon a
Offence ; which when they should have Maxim, they had but lately eſtabliſh-
digeſted, and compoſed into one entire ed, though never till then lieard of;
Body, that ſo his Majeſty and themſelves That 1.9 Member of Parliament, for
might be able to make the more clear what Offence soever, could be arreſted,
Judgment of them, it ſhould then appears or proceeded against, but by the Conſent
by what bis Majeſty would do, bow for of that Houſe of which he was a Mem-
he had been from intending, or deſigning ber; and then, they ſaid, they could
any of thoſe Things, which the too great not give, or deny their Conſent by any
Fears and Jealouſies of ſome Perſons Other Meaſure than the Knowledge.of
ſeem'd to apprehend; ſo that if all the the Crime and Proof, upon which ſuch
preſent Diſtractions, which ſo apparent- Member food accuſed. Which Conclu-
Gion
in the Reign of King CHARLES Í. 151
fion had been reaſonable had the Pre And therefore on the ſix and twen-
miſes been juſt; whereas the Argu- tieth Day of January, they fent a Pe-
ment was to be inverted, that their tition to him in the Name of the
Conſent was not to be aſked, becauſe Knights, Citizens, and Burgeſſes, of
they had no Cogniſance of the Crime the Commons Houfe afſembled in
of which their Members were accuſed, Parliament; in which they took No-
nor were Judges whether their Accu- tice of the gracious Meſage from his
ſation were valid in Law, or fufficient- Majeſty of the twentieth inſtant, for
ly proved in Fact.
which they return'd most humble Thanks,
It is not to be believed how many reſolving to take it into Speedy and ſeri-
ſober, well-minded Men, who were ous Confideration, and ſaid to enable
real Lovers of the Peace of the King them with Security to diſcharge their
dom, and had a full Submiſſion, and Duties therein, they had deſired the
Reverence to the known Laws, were Houſe of Peers to joyn with them, in
impofed upon, and had their Under- bumbly, beſeeching his Majeſty to raiſe
ſtandings confounded, and ſo their up unto them a Jure Ground of Safety,
Wills perverted, by the mere Mention and Confidence, by putting the Tower,
of Privilegë of Parliament; which in- and other principal Forts of the King-
ſtead of the plain and intelligible No. dom, and the whole Militia thereof,
tion of it, was by the Dexterity of into the Hands of ſuch Perſons as his
thoſe Boutefeus, and their under-A. Parliament might Confide in, and as
gents of the Law, and the fupine Sot- should be recommended unto him by both
tilhneſs of the People, render'd ſuch Houſes of Parliament; that, all Fears
a Myſtery, as could be only explain’d and Jealouſies being laid aſide, they
by themſelves, and extended as far as might with Cheerfulneſs proceed to ſuch
they found neceſſary for their Occa- Reſolutions, as they hoped would lay a
fions, and was to be acknowledged a ſure Foundation of Honour, Greatneſs,
good Reaſon for any Thing that no and Glory to his Majeſty, and his Roy-
other Reaſon could be given for. al Poſterity, and of Happineſs and Prof-
In the Addreſs, which the Houſe of perity unto his Subjects throughout all
Commons prepared for Acknowledg. bis Dominions ; wherein the Houſe of
ment of the King's Grace and Favour Peers bad refuſed to joyn with then.
in his Meſſage of the twentieth of Ja- But they, notwithſtanding, no way diſ-
nuary, they had deſired, That for a couraged, but confiding in his Majeſty's
Ground of their Confidence, and Remo- Goodneſs to his people, did therefore
val of Jealouſies, that they might apply make their humble Addreſs to him to be-
themſelves to give his Majeſty Satisfac- ſeech bim, that the Tower of London,
tion in the Method he propoſed, bis Ma- and other principal Forts, and the
jeſty would preſently put the Tower of whole Militia of the Kingdom, might
London into the Hands of ſuch a Per- be put into the Hands of ſuch Perſons
fon, as both Houſes ſhould recommend to as ſhould be recommended to him by
bim; in which the Lords differ'd with the Houſe of Commons; not doubting
theri; as well for that the Diſpoſal of but they ſhould receive a gracious and
the Cuſtody thereof was the King's Speedy Anſwer to that their bumble De-
peculiar Right and Prerogative, as fire, without which in all human Rea-
likewiſe that his Majeſty had commit- son, the great Diſtračtions of the King-
ted the Charge thereof to Sir John By- dom must needs overwhelm it with Mi-
ron, a Perſon of a very antient Family, fery and Ruin.
an honourable Extraction, and good To which his Majeſty vouchſafed
Fortune, and as unblemiſhed a Repu- the following Anſwer, that he hoped
tation, as any Gentleman of England. his gracious Meſage would have produ-
The Commons, much troubled that ced ſome ſuch Overture, as by offering
the Lords ſhould again take the Cou. what was fit on their Parts to do, and
rage to diffent from them in any by aſking what was proper for him to
Thing, reſolv’d to preſs the King up- grant, might have begot a mutual Con-
on their own Score, and to get the fidence in each other. Concerning the
Recommendation of fo great an Ofi- Tower of London, that he did not ex-
cer to themſelves.
peet, having preferida Perſon of a
know
)
152
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
kncwn Fortune and unqueſtionable Re- Fears and Jealouſies. More Petitions
putation, to that Trust, that he should were preſented to the:Heuſe of Com-
bave been preſſed to remove him without mons by ſome Citizens of London, in
any particular Charge objezted against the Name of thoſe Merchants, that
him; however, that if, upon due Exa- uſually traded to the Mint with Bula
nination, any Particular ſhould be pre- lion, who pretended, That their Fears
ſented to him, whereby it might appear and Jealouſies were ſo great, that they
he was miſtaken in his good Opinion of dursi not carry their Bullion to the
that Gentleman, and that he was unfit Tower, being not ſatisfied with the pre-
for the Trust committed to him, he would ſent Lieutenant there ; and therefore
make no Scruple of diſcharging him; deſired that he might be removed; and
otherwiſe, he was obliged in Juſtice to more to the like Purpoſe.
himſelf, to preſerve bis own Work, lest They had wholly undertaken the
his Favour and good Opinion might managing of the War in Ireland, and
prove a Diſadvantage and Misfortune really, for many Reaſons, neither did
to his Servants, without any other Ac. uſe, nor deſired to uſe, any great Ex-
cufation.
pedition in that Work ; yet having
For the Forts and Caſtles of the King- with great Induſtry infuſed into the
dem, that he was reſolv'd they hould Minds of the People, at leaſt. a Suſpi-
always be in ſuch Hands, and only in cion, that the Court favour'd that Re-
ſuch, as the Parliament might ſafely bellion, they always made uſe of the
Confide in ; but the Nomination of any Slowneſs in thoſe Proceedings to the
Perſons to thoſe Places, being ſo princi- King's Diſadvantage. About that
pal and inſeparable a Flower of his Time, they had deſired the City to
Crown, veſted in him, and derived to furniſh them with one hundred thou-
him from bis Anceſtors by the fundamen- fand Pounds, for the levying, and ac-
tal Laws of the Kingdom, he would re- commodating Forces to be ſent into
ſerve to himſelf.
that Kingdom, which gave the Com-
For the Militia of the Kingdom, mon Council, where ſuch Loans were
which by the Law was ſubject to na always tranſacted, opportunity to re-
Command but of his Majeſty, and of turn their Opinions, and adviſe upon
Authority lawfully derived from him, the general State of Affairs. They
he ſaid, when any particular Courſe for faid, They could lend no more Money by
ordering the ſame should be conſidered, reaſon of thoſe Obſtructions, which
and digeſted, and propoſed to him, he threatned the Peace of this Kingdom,
would return ſuch an Anſwer as ſhould and bad already render'd it even defpe-
be agreeable to his Honour, and the rate : That the not paling the Bill
.
Safety of his people.
against preſſing of Soldiers, which ſtill
This Anſwer being not only a De- depended with the Lords, put many
nial, but ſuch an Expoftulation as Men into Fears, that there was ſome
would render their Counſels of leſs Deſign rather to loſe that Kingdom, and
Reverence to the People, if upon to conſume this in the Loſs of it, than to
thoſe Reaſons they ſhould recede from preſencerither the one or the other; and
what they had with that Confidence that the Rebels were grown so ſtrong
and Diſdain of the Houſe of Peers de- there, that they made account ſpeedily to
manded of the King ; they therefore extirpate the Britiſh Nation in that
reſolv'd to ſet up their Reſt upon that Kingdom; and that they intended then,
Stake, and to go through with it, or' as they already bragged, to come over,
periſh in the Attempt. And, to this and make this the Seat of the War.
Purpoſe, they again muſter up their That the not putting the Forts into
Friends in the City, and ſend their ſuch Hands, in whom the Parliament
Emiſſaries abroad to teach the People might Confide, the not ſettling the
a new Language. All Petitions muſt Kingdom in a Poſture of Defence, the
now deſire, That the Kingdom might be not removing the preſent Lieutenant of
put in a Poſture of Defence, and nothing the Tower, and putiing fuch a Perſon
elſe would ſerve to defend them from the into that Place, as might be well ap-
many Plots and Conſpiracies against proved by the Parliament, could not but
jbem, or ſecure them from their own overthrow Trading more and more, and
make
pe
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 153
make Monies yet more ſcarce in the City popiſ Lords, might be taken out of the
and Kingdom. That the Miſunderſtand- Houſe of Peers; that they might be put
ing between the King and Parliament, into a Poſture of Defence, and the Forts,
the charging ſome Members of Treaſon, and Caſtles of the Kingdom, into ſuch
to the deterring of others from diſcharg. Hands as the Parliament might Confide
ing tbeir Duties, did exceedingly fill the ini, so that Ireland might be relieved,
Minds of Men well affeEted to the Puh- and this Kingdom made bappy. Theſe
lick, with many Fears and Diſcourage- Petitions, and the Anſwer of the
ments; end ſo diſable them from yield- Common Council of London, were
ing that chearful Affiſtance, which they thought ample Materials for a Confe-
would be glad to afford. Įhat by this rence with the Lords, who might be
Means there was ſuch a Decay of Trad- thereby remember'd of their Duty ;
ing, and ſuch Scarcity of Money, nei- and to that Purpoſe Mr. Pym deliver-
ther of which could be cured, till the ed them at a Conference, and after
former Evils were removed, as it was they were read, told them, That their
like, in very ſport Time; to cast innu- Lordſhips might in thoſe Pétitions bear
merable Multitudes of poor Artificer's the Voice, or rather the Cry of all Eng.
into ſuch a Depth of Poverty and Ex- land; and that they were not to wonder
tremity, as might enforce them upon if the Extremity of the Condition we were
Some dangerous and deſperate Attempts, all in, did produce ſome Earneſtneſs and
not fit to be expreſſed, much leſs to be Vekemency of Expreſion more than ordi-
juſtified, which they left to the Houſe nary ; the Agony, Terror, and Per.
Speedily to conſider, and prevent. Theſe plexity, in which the Kingdom laboured,
Evils, under which they did exceeding- was univerſal, all Parts were affected
ly labour and languiſh, they ſaid, did with it ; and therefore in thoſe Peti-
Spring from the employing of ill Affect- tions they might obſerve the Groans and
ed Perſons in Places of Trust and Ho- miſerable Complaints of all. After a
nour in the State, and near to the Per- long Diſcourſe of the great and noto-
son of the King; and that they were ſtill rious Dangers the Kingdom was in, by
continued by Means of the Votes of Invaſions threaten'd from abroad, and
Biſhops, and popiſh Lords, in the Houſe Inſurrections from within, he told
of Peers. And ſo having faithfully re them, The Obſtructions, that had
preferited, they ſaid, the true Reaſons; brought them into that Diftemper, were
which really enforced them to return principally the Obſtruction of Reforma-
that Anſwer, they craved Leave to pro- tion in Matters of Religion ; and that
test before God and the High Court of there was never Church or Stete afflict-
Parliament, that if any further Miſée ed with more Grievances of that Kind,
ries befél their dear Brethren in Ire- than we had been ; and as long as the
land, or if any Miſchief ſhould break in Biſhops, and the corrupt Part of the
upon this Kingdom, to the endangering Clergy, continued in their Power, there
or diſturbing the Peace thereof, it ought would be little Hope of Freedom, either
not to be imputed to them, but only to from the Senſe of thoſe that continued,
ſuch, who jould endeavour to hinder the or the Fear of thoſe which were removed.
effe&tual and Speedy Cure of thoſe Evils And of that Obſtruktion, he ſaid, he
before recited; which did ſo much difa- must clear the Commons, who were in no
ble and diſcourage them from doing that Part guilty of it. Some good Bills they
which the Houſe bad deſired of them. had already paſſed, and others were in
At the ſame Time, were preſented Preparation, and might have been paſ-
other Petitions, ſubſcribed by many fed before that Time; if they had not
thouſand Hands, and in the Names found ſuch ill Succeſs in the other Houſe :
of the Knights, Gentlemen and Free- Whatſoever Miſchief that Obſtruction
holders, and other Inhabitants, of the ſhould produce, they were free from it ;
Counties of Middleſex , Elex, and they might have tbeir Part of the Mife-
Hertford ; all which ſeverally in- ry, they could have none in the Guilt or
veighed againſt the malignant Party, Diſhunour.
which render'd the good Endeavours He ſaid, There was an Obſtruction
of the Houſe of Commons fruitleſs, in providing for the Defence of the
defired that the Votes of the Biſhops, and Kingdom, that they might be enabled to
44
Qa
reſist
154 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
reſist a Foreign Enemy, and to ſuppreſs accordingly, to the End that the Peo:
all civil Inſurrečtions : What Endea- ple might underſtand, beſides thoſe
vour they had uſed to remove them, but Reproaches upon the King, how nego
bitherto without that Succeſs and Con- ligent the Houſe of Peers were of
currence which they expected, and where their Welfare and Security.
their Stop bad been, and upon what When the Houſe of Commons
Grounds they might proclaim their own found that none of theſe extraordinary
Innocency and Faithfulneſs in that Par. Ways would throughly ſubdue the
ticular, they depred no other Witneſſes Houſe of Lords, but that, though
but their Lordſhips.
they had very ſturdy Champions there,
He told them, The evil Influences, the major Part, albeit the Biſhops,
which bad cauſed that Diftemper, were
and all the recuſant Lords were dri-
the evil Councils about the King, the ven from thence, ſtill oppoſed them,
great Power, that a factious and inter- whereby neither the Bill for the taking
reſſed Party had in Parliament by the away the Biſhops Votes, nor about pref-
Continuance of the Votes of the Biſhops, ſing, could paſs, and that they pe-
and popiſh Lords, in their Lordſhips remptorily ſtill refuſed to joyn in the
Houſe, and the taking in of others out of Buſineſs of the Militia,; they found a
the Houſe of Commons, and otherwiſe to Way, as unpractiſed and as unnatural
increaſe their Strength, the fomenting a as any of the former, whereby they
malignant Party throughout the King- would be ſure to have an Influence
dom, the Jealouſies between the King upon the Houſe of Peers. It is an
and the Parliament. _And after many old Cuftom; and Privilege of that
bitter and ſeditious Expreſſions of the Houſe, that upon any folemn Debate,
Court, and of all thoſe who were not whoſoever is not ſatisfied with the
of his Mind,' he concluded, That be Concluſion and Judgment of the
had nothing to propoſe to their Lordſhips Houſe, may demand Leave to enter
by Way of Request or Deſire from the his Proteſtation, which muſt be grant-
Houſe of Commons ; be doubted not, but ed. The Original of this was in jea-
their Fudgments would tell them what lous Times, when Men deſired, for
was to be done ; their Conſciences, their avoiding the ill Conſequence of any
Honours, their Intereſts, wouldı call Act there, that their Diſſents might
upon them for the doing of it. The appear; and was very ſeldom practi-
Commons would be glad to have their ſed, but when they conceiv'd Reli-
Help and Concurrence in Javing the gion, or the Crown, intrenched upon;
Kingdom; but if their Lordſhips ſhould inſomuch as you ſhall not find, in the
fail, it ſhould not diſcourage them in do- Journals of many Parliaments, one
ing their Duty; and whether the King- Proteſtation enter'd; and when there
dom be lost, or ſaved, they ſhould be for- was any, there was no more in the
ry, that the Story of this preſent Par- Records, than, after the Reſolution
liament ſhould tell Pofterity, that, in ſo of the Houſe is enter'd, That ſuch a
great Danger and Extremity, the Houſe Lord deſired that his Proteſtation or
of Commons hould be enforced to ſave Diſſent might be enter'd, and often-
the Kingdom alone; and that the Houſe times when ſeveral have diflented
of Peers ſhould have no Part in the Ho- from the general Opinion, not above
nour of the Preſervation of it, they hav one or two have enter'd their Prote-
ing ſo great an Intereſt in the good Suc- ſtation. But ſince this Parliament, as
ceſs of thoſe Endeavours, in reſpect of they alter'd this Cuſtom from Caſes of
their great Eſtates, and high Degrees high Concernment to the moſt trivial
of Nobility.
Debates, the minor Part ordinarily
As ſoon as this Conference was entering their Proteſtation, to the
ended, the Speaker of the Houſe of End that their Opinions might be
Commons was appointed to give Mr. taken Notice of, and who were oppo-
Pym folemn Thanks for his ſo ſite to them, whereby the good and
well performing that Service, and to bad Lords were known and publiſhed;
require him to deliver his Speech in ſo they alter'd the Form, and inſtead.
Writing in to the Houſe, that it of ſhort general Entries, cauſed the
might be printed; which was done Matter of Debate to be ſumm’d up,
and
in the Reign of King CHAŘ LES I. 155
و
and there:pon their Proteſtation, That take away all Liberty of Converſation.
they were not to be anſwerable for any However, that if it had been ſeriouſly,
Inconveniencies or Miſchiefs, that and formally mode, it could le no
jould befal the Common-wealth by rea Crime, it being the neceſſary Liberty
fon of this or that Reſolution.
and Privilege of every Mimber to make
It happen'd, about this Time, that any Motion he thought in his Judgment
upon ſome Overture in the Lords: fit, which the Houſe would approve, or
Houſe, which pleaſed them not, the rejest, as it found reaſonable. After a
violent Party there, in a diſorderly very fierce Debate, in which much
Manner, cry'd out, Adjourn, Adjourn, Bitterneſs and Virulency was expreſſed,
being not willing the Matter ſhould it was reſolv'd by the major Part, That
then come into Dekate ; others were the Duke had committed no Offence; and
not willing that the Houſe ſhould ad- so he was as regularly abſolv'd as was
journ., The Duke of Richmond trou- poſſible. Hereupon the Earls of Nor-
bled at that tumultuary and indirect thumberland, Pembroke, Eſex, and
Proceeding, ſaid, without directing Holland, who thought the Duke's Af-
himſelf to the Speaker, If they would fection and Duty to his Maſter a Re-
adjourn, he wiſhed it might be for ſix proach, and his Intereſt prejudicial to
Months; or Words to that Effect; them, with the reſt of that Party en-
upon which ſome of the other Party ter'd their Proteſtation ; That whereas
immediately moved, That the Houſe ſuch a Motion had been made by the
might not riſe, and that the Duke would Duke of Richmond, and upon being
explain himſelf, and anſwer the making queſtioned for the ſame, be had been ac-
ſuch a Motion, as, being granted,
being granted, quitted by the major part, they were
would be deſtručtive to the Common- free from the Miſchiefs or Incenvenien-
wealth. The Duke faid, He made no cies, which might attend the not puniſh-
Motion, but uſed that Expreſſion, to ing of an Offence tending ſo much to the
Shew his Diſike of the other Motion to Prejudice of King or Kingdom.
adjourn at that Time, when there was This Proteſtation, by the Advice
Buſineſs in Agitation of great Concern- of that Nights Meeting, was, the
ment; and that when he ſpike, all Men next Day, taken Notice of in the
being upon their Feet, and out of their Houſe of Commons, and the Matter
Places, be conceiv'd the Houſe had been itſelf of the Motion inlarged upon, by
up. Upon this he was required to all poſſible Aggravations, concerning
withdraw; and then they, who had the Perſon, and his Intereſt. It was
long looked upon him with great En- faid, Here was an evil Counſellor, that
vy and Animoſity, as the only great had diſcover'd himſelf, and no doubt had
Perſon, and Officer at Court, who been the Author of many of thoſe evil
had diſcountenanced their Power, and Counſels, which had brought that Trou-
their Stratagems, and had with Cou- ble upon us ; that he had receiv'd bis
rage always oppoſed their Extravagan- Education in Spain, and had been made
cies, and ſervile complying with the a Grandee of that Kingdom, and had
Houſe of Commons, inveigh'd againſt been ever ſince notoriouſly of that Fac-
that Motion, As of too ſerious 2 Na- tion; that his Siſters were Papiſts, and
ture to be made a Jest of, and fit to be therefore his Affeétion was to be que-
cenſured as most pernicious to this King- ftioned in Religion ; that he had vehe-
dom, and deſtructive to Ireland; the mently oppoſed the Altainder of the Earl
War whereof could not proceed, if the of Strafford ; was a Friend to Biſhops;
Parliament ſhould have been adjourned and now, to prevent any poſibility of
for fix Months, as his Lordſhip bad Reformation, which could not be effeEted
propoſed.
without the Concurrence of the two
On the other Side, it was alledg’d, Houſes, had deſperately moved in the
That the Motion had never been made Houſe of Peers, where be had a great
to the Houſe; and therefore they ought Fallion, that it ſhould adjourn for fix
no more to queſtion, or take Notice of it, Months ; in which Time the malignant
tban of every light or frolick Diſcourſe Party, of which he might well be thought
or Expreſſion, that negligently, or ca the Head, and had the greatest Influence
ſually fell from any Man; which would upon the King's Affections, would pre-
vail
+
156
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
vail ſo far, that all future Hopes would as if they had deviſed thoſe 'new Words
be rendered deſperate, and the Kingdom to make Men afraid, and keep thein in
of Ireland be utterly lost, and poleſed by reſerve to epply to all thoſe with whom
ibe Papiſts: That they were therefore they were angry.
to take this opportunity, which God But notwithſtanding all this, and all
had given them, to remove ſo malignant the Reaſon that could be ſpoken on
and dangerous a Perſon from the King, that Part, and that there could be
and one to ſuſpeated, from ſo important none on the other, after a Debate of
a Charge as the Cinque Ports, of which very many Hours, till after nine of
the Duke was Lord Warden, and to ſend the Clock at Night, in which it was
to the Lords to joyn with them in a De- evident, that they meant, as far as in
fire to the King to that Purpoſe. them lay, to Confound all thoſe, whom
It was alledg’d, on the other hand, they could not Convert; it was reſolvd
That the Duke was a Perſon of great by the Majority of Voices, not half of
Honour and Integrity, and of so unble- the Houſe being preſent at that unſea-
miſhed a Fame, that in all the Diſcovery fonable Time of the Debate, That they
of the Court Offences; there was not any should accuſe the Duke of Richmond to
Reflection upon him. That his Educa- the Lords to be one of the malignant
tion had been, according to the best Party, and an evil Counſellor to his
Rules of the greateſt Perſons, for ſome Majeſty ; and to deſire them to joyn in
Years beyond the Seas ; and that, bav, a Request to the King, that he might be
ing Spent more Time in France and removed from any Ofice or Imployment
Italy, be viſited Spain ; where his great about his Perſon ; which was ſolemnly
Quality being known, and no queſtion as a recommended to the Lords according-
Compliment to this Kingdom, with which ly, and by them ſo far receiv'd, that
it was then in ftreight Allyance and though the Deſire was rejected, no
Confederacy, that the King bad conferrd Diſlike or Diſapprobation of the Mat-
the Honour of Grandee upon him; which ter or Manner was in the leaſt diſco-
was of no other Advantage or Significa: ver'd, or inſiſted on.
tion to him, than to be cover'd in the All Things thus prepared, and ſo
Preſence of that King, as the principal many Lords driven and kept from the
Subjeets there are. That his Affection Houſe, beſides the Biſhops, and they
to the Proteſtant Religion was unque- that ſtay'd there, by this laſt Inſtance,
ſtionable and very eminent; and though inſtructed how to carry themſelves, at
bis Siſters, who had been bred under leaft how they provoked the good
their Mother, were Roman Catholicks, Lords to proteſt, they reſolvd once
yet his Brothers, of whoſe Education be more to try whether the Houſe of
had taken the ſole Care, were very good Peers would be induced to joyn in the
Proteſtants.
Buſineſs of the Militia, which they
That bis Opinians in Parliament had had twice refuſed ; and to that Pur-
been very avow'd, and were to be pre- poſe, their old Friends of the City in
fumed to be according to bis Conſcience, the fame Numbers flocked to Weſtmin-
in the Profeſſion of which he was ſo pub- fter, but under the new, receivd, and
lick, that there was Reaſon to believe allowed, Style of Petitioners; but as
be uſed no ill Arts in private ; ſince he unlike Petitioners to any of thoſe
had the Courage to do that aloud, which Lords or Commons, whom they un-
he had Reaſon to believe' would diſpleafe derſtood to be malignant, as the other
many. That it would be a great Pre- Tumults had been. From theſe Herds
judice, and Blemiſh to their Councils there were two notable Petitions deli-
and Diſcoveries, if after so long Dif- ver’d to the Houſe of Commons, the
courſe of a mulignant Party, and evil one from the Porters, their Number,
Counſellors, of which they had never as they ſaid, conſiſting of fifteen thou-
yet named any, they should first brand fand ; the other under the Title of
this Lord with that Imputation upon many thouſands of poor People in
ſuch a Ground and Occaſion, as must and about the City of London.
include all thoſe Lords who had abfolvid After theſe ſcandalous and extrava-
bim, . which was the major part of the gant Petitions were deliver'd, the
Lords. In a Word, that it would look Houſe, according to its gracious
Cuſtom,
$
.
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 157
Cuſtom, ordered Thanks to be given the Lords again reſume the Debate;
for their great Kindneſs. To which which the Earl of Northumberland be-
when it was delivered by the Speaker, gun with a Profeſſion, That whoſoe..
who told them that the Houſe was in ver refuſed, in that Particular, to joyn
Conſideration of thoſe Things, where with the Houſe of Commons, were,
of they complained, ſome of that Rab- in his Opinion, Enemies to the Com-
ble, no doubt as they had been taught, mon-Wealth ; when the major Part
replied, That they never doubted the of that Houſe had twice before refuſed
Houſe of Commons, but they heard all to concur with them in it. Yet when
ſtuck in the Lords Houfe, and they deſa his Lordſhip was queſtion’d for that
red to know the Names of thoſe Peers, unparliamentary Language, all the
who hindered the Agreement between the other Lords of that Faction joyned
good Lords and the Coinmons; which with him ; and declared, That it
they preſſed with unheard of Rudeneſs was their Opinion likewiſe : The
and Importunity, and with a ſeeming Rabble being at the Door to execute
Unwillingneſs withdrew, whilſt the whatever they were directed ; ſo that
Houſe took the Matter into further many Lords out of a juft Indignation
Confideration,
to ſee their Honours, and their Liber-
Yet notwithſtanding this Provoca- ties facrificed to the People by them-
tion, and that it was urged by many felves; others, out of a real Fear of
Members, ſome of which had been being murder'd, if they ſhould, in
affaulted and ill treated by that Rab- that Conjuncture of Time, inſiſt on
ble in their Paſſage to the Houſe, That their former Reſolutions, withdraw-
the countenancing ſuch licentious ing themſelves; the major part of
Perſons and Proceedings would be a thoſe, who ſtayed, concluded to joyn
great Blemiſh to their Counſels, they with the Houſe of Commons in their
were again called in ; and told, That Deſire concerning the Militia.
the Houſe of Commons had endea Upon the ſecond Day of February,
voured, and would continue their En- ſome Members, appointed by. both
deavours for their Relief; and they Houſes, attended his Majeſty at Wind-
doubted not, when they had deliver- for, with their Petition, That he
ed their Petition, and what they had would forthwith put the Tower of
ſaid, to the Lords, which they would London, and all other Forts, and the
preſently do, the Cauſes of their E. whole Militia of the Kingdom, into
vils would be found out, and ſome the Hands of ſuch Perions, as ſhould
ſpeedy Courſe reſolved upon for their be recommended unto his Majeſty by
Relief; and therefore deſired them both Houſes of Parliament ; which,
with Patience to attend a further. An- they aſſured themſelves, would be a
ſwer. And accordingly that Petition hopeful Entrance into thoſe Courſes,
was folemnly read; and delivered to which, through God's Bleſſing, ſhould
the Lords ať a Conference; and the be effectual for the removing all Diffi-
Conference no ſooner ended, than dence, and Miſapprehenſion between
Mr. Hollis, one of thoſe five whom his Majeſty and his People; and for
the King had accuſed a Month before eſtabliſhing and enlarging the Honour,
of High Treaſon, was ſent to the Greatneſs, and Power of his Majeſty,
Lords in a Meffage to deſire them, and Royal Poſterity; and for the re-
Thet they would joyn, with the Houſe ſtoring and confirming the Peace and
of Commons in their Deſire to the King Happineſs of his loyal Subjects in all
cbout the Militic; to which he added, his Dominions. And ti 'that their
That if that Défire of the Houſe of Com- moſt neceſſary Petition, they faid,
0110ns was not risented to, be deſired they did, in all Humility, expect his
thoſe Lords who were willing to concur, ſpeedy
and gracious Anſwer, the great
would find some Mzars to meke them- Diſtractions, and Diſtempers of the
ſelves known, that it might be known Kingdom, not admitting any Delay.
who were against ther, cnd they At the ſame Time they likewiſe
might make it knowil to thoſe that ſent preſented another Petition to him,
tici.
concerning the accuſed Members; in
After which Motion, and Meſſage, which they beſought him, To give
45
Rř
Directions,
158
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Directions, that the Parliament might were no other than an Army at
be informed before Friday next (which the Diſpoſal of thoſe, in whom he had
was within two Days) what Proof no Reaſon to put his Confidence, and
there was againſt them, that accord- that all ſuch who expreſſed any emi-
ingly they might be called to a legal nent Zeal to his Service, would be
Tryal ;
it being the undoubted taken from him under the Style of
Right, and Privilege of Parliament, Delinquents and Malignants, he re-
that no Member of Parliament could ſolved that the Queen, who was very
be proceeded againſt, without the full of Fears, ſhould go to Portſmouth,
Conſent of Parliament.
Colonel Goring, who was Governor
His Majeſty now found that theſe thereof, having found Means to make
Perſons could not be compounded good Impreſſions again in their Ma-
with, and that their Purpoſe was, by jeſties of his Fidelity; and that him-
Degrees, to get ſo much Power into ſelf, would go to Hull, where his Ma-
their Hands that they need not care gazine of Cannon, Arms, and Am-
for what was left in his; and that the munition was; and that being ſecured
Lords were in no Degree to be relied in thoſe ſtrong Places, whither they
upon to maintain their own Privileges, who wiſhed him well, might reſort,
much leſs to defend his Rights; and and be protected, he would ſit ſtill,
that they had the Power generally to till they who were over-active, would
impoſe upon the People's Underſtand come to Reaſon.
ing contrary to their own Senſes, and But this, though reſolved with ſo
to perſwade them, That they were in much Secrecy, that it was not com-
Danger to be invaded by Foreign municated to three Perſons, whether
Enemies, when the King was not only by the Treachery of one of thoſe few,
in Peace with all Chriſtian Princes, or by the Curioſity of others (which I
but almoſt all other Nations ſo im- rather believe). who found Means to
broiled in War, that they all deſired over-hear all private Diſcourſes,' was
the Friendſhip and Aliſtance of Eng- imparted to thoſe who procured thoſe
land; none was in Caſe or Condition Orders before mention'd for Hull and
to diſturb it : And that there was a Portſmouth; by reaſon whereof, and
Decay, and Deadneſs of Trade, and the Advice, and Promiſe of many
Want and Poverty growing upon the Lords, That they would firmly unite
whole Kingdom, when no Man living themſelves for the juſt Support of the
had ever remember'd the like Plenty Regal Power, with the extream Ap-
over the whole Land, and Trade was prehenſion the Queen had of Danger,
at that Height, that the like had ne that Counſel was laid aſide. That,
ver been known.
which wrought ſo much upon the
He reſolved therefore to remove Queen's Fears, beſides the general
himſelf to a greater Diſtance froin Obſervation how the King was betray-
London, where the Fears and Jealou- ed, and how his Rights, and Power,
fies grew; and conſtantly to deny to were every Day wreſted from him,
paſs any Act, that ſhould be recom was an Advertiſement, that ſhe had
mended to him from the two Houſes, received, of a Deſign in the Preva-
except
what might concern Ireland, till lent Party to have accuſed her Majeſty
he might have a full Proſpect of all they of High Treaſon ; of which, without
intended to demand, and an equal doubt, there had been ſome Diſcourſe
Aſſurance how far they intended to in their moſt private Cabals, and, I
gratify him for all his Condeſcentions ; am perſwaded, was imparted to her
which Reſolution was very Parliamen- upon Deſign, and by Contrivance
fary, it having been rarely known, (for there were ſome incorporated in-
till this preſent Parliament, that the to that Faction, who exactly knew her
King conſented to any Acts, till the Nature, Paſſions, and Infirmities)
Determination of the Seſſion.
that the Diſdain of it might tranſport
The Truth is, when his Majeſty her to ſomewhat which might give
found the extream ill Succeſs of the them Adv.intage. And Nortly after
Acculation againſt the Members, and that Diſcovery to her Majeſty, thoſe
trae the Tumults, and the Petitioners, Perſons before mention'd were accuſed
of
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 139
of High Treaſon ; yet afterward, was only publiſhed, the other, con-
when they had received the full Fruits, cerning the King, communicated to
they found Means to complain, as a very few ; both their Majeſties being
great Argument of the Malignity of reduced to fo great Wants, that the
thoſe Perſons of Nearneſs to both Queen was compelled to coin, or ſell,
their Majeſties, that an Infuſion had her Chamber-Plate for the Supply of
been made to the Queen, that there her moſt neceſſary Occaſions, there be-
was a Purpoſe of accuſing her of High ing no Money in the Exchequer, or
Treaſon, and folemnly by Meſſage in the Power of the Miniſters of the
beſought her to diſcover, who had Revenue; the Officers of the Cuſtoms,
done that malicious Offence; when out of which the Allowance for the
they very well knew who it was, and weekly Support of their Majeſties
for whoſe Sake the Queen was brought Houſhold had been made, being en-
to return Anſwer, That ſhe had joyned by the Houſe of Commons;
heard ſuch a Diſcourſe, but took no not to iſſue out any Money, without
Notice of it, as never believing it; their particular Conſent, and Appro-
whereas if ſhe could have been compel- bation.
ed to have diſcovered, how they knew It was evident now that the accuſed
that the Queen had been informed, all Members were too mighty for the
the Secret would have appeared; the King or the Law, and that they would
faine Perſon firſt telling her what was admit no other Judges of their Guilt,
in Projection againſt her, and then than themſelves, nor Rules of Pro-
returning Intelligence of any Expreſ- ceeding, than the Plurality of their
fions, and Diſtemper, he might eaſily own Voices : And therefore the
oblerve upon the Apprehenſion which King reſolv'd to give over any more
the other begot.
Thought of that Buſineſs. And ſo to
But both King and Queen were that Petition he anſwer’d, That as he
then upon that Diſadvantage, that all once conceiv'd that he had Ground
their Words, and Actions, which enough to accuſe them, ſo now he
were the pure Reſults of their own found as good Cauſe wholly to wave
Reaſons, and Judgments upon what any Proſecution of them. The other
they ſaw every Day occurred, were Petition concerning the Militia gave
called the Effects of evil Counſels, him more Trouble ; for though he
that ſo they might take the Liberty to was reſolved in no Degree to conſent
reproach them with the more Licence; to it, yet he was willing, till all
whilſt what they received by the moſt Things could be ready for the Queen's
ſecret Perjury of Bed-Chamber Spies, Journey, and ſo for his own Remove,
or what they forged themſelves, was rather to delay it, than deny it ; left
urged as the Reſult of common Fame, the fame Army of Petitioners might
or the Effects of their Fears and Jea- come to Windſor to perſwade him,
louſies, to the Rancor of which the which had converted, or prevailed
molt precious Balm of the Crown muſt over the Houſe of Peers. And he
be applied. And therefore it was was perſwaded by ſome, who thought
concluded, That the Queen ſhould they knew the Temper of both Hou-
take the Opportunity of her Daughter ſes, that though they were now united
the Princeſs Mary's Journey into in the Matter, they might eaſily be
Holland (who had been before mar divided upon the Circumſtances; and
ried to the young Prince of Orange, that they would not be of one Mind
and was now ſclemnly deſired by the in the Election of the Perſons to be
States Ambaſſadors to come into that Confided in. So that to that Petition
Country) to tranſport herſelf into his Majeſty returned this Anſwer :
Holland, patiently to expect an A That he was willing to apply a Re-
mendment of the Affairs of England; medy not only to their Dangers, but to
and that the King ſhould retire into their Doubts and Fears; and therefore
the North, and reſide at York, and that when he ſhould know the Extent of
deny all Particulars, till the whole Power, which was intended to be eſta-
Alteration ſhould be framed. But the bliſhed in thoſe Perſons, whoin they de-
firſt Reſolution concerning the Queen fired to be Commanders of the Militia in
the
*
160
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the ſeveral Counties, and likewiſe to John Coniers Lieutenant of the Tower,
what Time it ſhould be limited, that no Which was ſuch an Inſtance of his
Power pould be executed by his Majeſty yielding upon Importunity, that from
alone without the Advice of Parlia- that Time they thought themſelves
ment, then he would declare that he
even poſſeſſed of the whole Militía of
would be Content to put in all the Forts, the Kingdom,
and over the Militia, ſuch Perſons as Theſe Proceedings of the Parlia-
both Houſes of Parliament ſhould either ment made a deep Impreſſion upon all
approve, or recommend to him; so that noble and generous Perſons, who
they before declared the Names of the found that their Pride and Ambition
Perſons, whom they would approve or was ſo great, that they reſolved to re-
recommend ; and ſo that no Perſons move all Perſons, who were like to
should be named by them, against whom ſtand in their Way, by oppoſing any
bis Majeſty ſhould have just and un- Thing they deſired, or by filling any
queſtionable Exception.
Place, or Office, which they deſign'd
Which Anſwer, though it was not ſhould be executed by ſome other Per-
a Conſent, gave them notable 'Encou- ſon, in whom they could Confide. The
ragement, and exceedingly united the Earl of Newcaſtle, who was Governor
vulgar Minds to them, which con to the Prince, knew. very well; in
curred only with them, as they ſaw what Prejudice he ſtood with the
them like to prevail in what they went Earls of Eſſex, and Holland (two very
about. And there was no Danger of powerful Perſons) who would be glad
any Diſunion in the Nomination of of any Opportunity to expoſe him to
Perſons; becauſe, though they ſhould an Affront; and that they would find
at firſt admit ſuch into the Number, Occaſions enough upon the Account.
whom they could not ſufficiently truſt, of his known Affections to the King's
nor plauſibly except againſt, yet when Service, from which it was not poffible
they were once poffeffed of the Power to remove or ſtartle him. He knew
of Nomination, they might eaſily they liked not that he ſhould have the :
weed out thoſe which were not agree- Government of the Prince, as one,
able to the Soil they were planted in. who would infuſe ſuch Principles into
However this would take up ſome him, as would not be agreeable to
Time; and therefore to keep the their Deſigns, and would diſpoſe him
King's Inclination to gratify them to no Kindneſs to their Perſons, and
(for ſo they would underſtand it) that they would not reſt till they ſaw
warm, the fame Day they received another Man in that Province; in or
this Anſwer, they returned a Meſſage der to which, they would pick all
of Thanks ; and deſired his Majeſty, Quarrels they could, and load him
whilſt they were preparing all other with all Reproaches, which might
Particulars according to his Command, blaft him with the People, with whom
that he would confer the Cuſtody of he had a very good Reputation. Up-
the Tower upon Sir John Coniers, on thoſe Conſiderations, he very wife-
whom they had lately recommended ly retired from the Court, where he
to his Majeſty as a Perſon of great had expended much of his own For-
Merit. With which being ſurprized, tune, and only made himſelf obnoxious
and deſired likewiſe by Sir John Byron to the Malice, and Envy of other Pre-
to free him from the Agony and Vex- tenders; and deſired the King to ap-
ation of that Place, which had expo- prove of this his reaſonable Inclination,
ſed his Perſon and Reputation to the and to put the Prince under the
Rage and Fury of the People, and Tuition of ſome Perſon of Honour of
compelled him to ſubmit to ſuch Re- unqueitionable Fidelity to him, and
proaches, as a generous Spirit could above the Reach of popular Diſappro-
not brook without much Regret; for bation; and, at the fame Time men-
he had upon frivolous Surmiſes been tion'd the Marquis of Hertford, who
fent for as a Delinquent, and been was indeed ſuperior to any Tempta-
brought upon his Knees at the Bar of 'tions. The King could not diſlike the
both Houſes; his Majeſty conſented Earl's Judgment upon his own In-
to that Alteration, and made Sir tereſt and Concernment; and did fore-
fee
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 161
fee likewiſe that he might probably so many Perſons in both Houſes would be
have Occaſion to uſe his Service under fully ſatisfied, that they would joyn in
another Qualification ; and therefore no further Alteration : But, on the
was well contented to diſmiſs him other hand, if they were croſſed in this,
from the Prince, and made the Mar- they would violently endeavour an Ex-
quis of Hertford Governor to the tirpation of Biſhops, and a demoliſhing
Prince in his Room.
of the whole Fabrick of the Church.
Now the Bill for taking away the They alledged, that he was, upon
Votes of Bifhops out of the Houſe of the Matter, deprived of their Votes al-
Peers, which was called a Bill for ready, they being not ſuffer'd to come to
taking away all Temporal Jurifdiction the Houſe, and the major part in Pri-
from thoſe in holy Orders, was no ſon under an Accufation of High Tree-
fooner paſſed the Houſe of Peers, than ſon, of which there was not like to be
the King was earneſtly deſired to give any Reformation, till theſe preſent Dif-
his Royal Affent to it. The King tempers were composed. They told
returned, That it was a Matter of him, there were two 11.3t!ers of great
Concernment; and therefore, he would Importance preſſed upon him for his
take Time to Asfviſe, and would return Royal Alfint, but they were not of equal
en Anſwer in convenient Time. But Conſeq!!eiice, and concernment to bis
this Delay pleaſed not their Appetite; Sovereign Power: The First, that Bill
they could not attempt their perfect touching the Bilops Votes; and the
Reformation in Church and State, till other, the whole Militia of the King-
thoſe Votes were utterly aboliſhed ; don, the granting of which would abſo-
therefore they fent the fame Day again lutely divest him of all regal Power ;
to the King, who was yet at Windſor, that he would not be able to deny both;
and gave him Reaſons to perſwade but by granting the former, in which be
him immediately to conſent to it; one 'parted with no Matter of Moment, he
of which was the Grievances the Sub- would, it may be, not be preſſed in the
jects ſuffer'd by the Biſhops exerciſing of ſecond.
Temporal Juriſdiction, and their mak Theſe Arguments, though uſed by
ing a Párty in the Lords Houſe ; a Se- Men whom he moſt truſted, and
cond, the grect Content of all sorts by whom he knew to have oppoſed that
the happy Conjunction of both Houſes in Bill in its Paſſage, and to be cordially
their Abfence : And a Third, that the Friends to the Church of England in
paſſing that Bill world be a comfortable Diſcipline and Doctrine, prevaild
Pledge of his Majeſty's gracious Aſſent not ſo much with his Majeſty, as the
to the future Remedies of thoſe Evils, Perſwafions of the Queen; who was
which were to be preſented to him, this not only perſwaded to think thoſe
once being paſſed.
Reaſons valid (and there are that be-
Reaſons ſufficient to have converted lieve that Infuſion to have been made
him, if he had the leaſt Inclination or in her by her own Prieſts, by In-
Propenſity to have concurrd with ſtructions from France, and for Rea-
them. For it was, upon the Matter, fons of State of that Kingdom) but
to perſwade him to joyn with them in that her own Safety very much de-
this, becauſe, that being done, he pended upon the King's Conſent to
ſhould be able to deny them nothing. that Bill; and that, if he ſhould refuſe
However thoſe of greateſt Truſt it, her Journey into Holland would be
about the King, and who were very croſſed by the Parliament, and poſſi-
faithful to his Service, though in this bly her Perſon in Danger either by
Particular exceedingly deceiv'd in their the Tumults, which might eaſily be
Judgments, and not ſufficiently ac- brought to Windſor from Weſtminſter,
quainted with the Conſtitution of the or by the Inſurrection of the Countries
Kingdom, perſwaded him, that the in her Paſſage from thence to Dover,
paling this Bill was the only way to
where ſhe intended to take Shipping.
preſerve the Church, there being so Theſe Inſinuations and Diſcourſes ſo
united a Combination in this Particuler, far ſatisfied the Queen, and ſhe the
that he would not be able to withſtand King, that, contrary to his moſt po-
it. Whereas, by the paſſing this Bill, fitive Reſolution, the King confented,
47
Ss
and
162
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and ſent a Commiſſion for the enacting Attempt, to perform that Command.
both that Bill, and the other about The Reaſon of this Extravagancy (be-
Preſſing; which was done according- fides their natural Humour to affront
ly.
the King; and this ſeeming Care of
The paſſing that Bill for taking the Prince was a popular Thing) was
away the Biſhops Votes, exceedingly pretended to be an Information they
weaken'd the King's Party ; not only had received from a Member of the
as it. ſwept away ſo conſiderable à Houſe.
Number out of the Houſe of Peers, There was was one Griffith a young
which were conſtantly devoted to him; Welſhman, of no Parts or Reputation,
but as it made Impreſſion on others, but for eminent Licence; this Youth
whoſe Minds were in Sufpence, as had long, with great Boldneſs, fol-
when Foundations are ſhaken. Be- lowed the Court, and pretended to
fides, they that were beft acquainted Preferment there ; and ſo in the
with the King's Nature, Opinions, Houſe had always oppoſed, as far as
and Reſolutions, had Reaſon to be not confenting, all the undutiful Acts
lieve, that no Exigence could have towards the King, and upon his Stock
wrought upon him to have conſented of Merit, had preſſed more confident-
to fo Anti-Monarchical an Act; and ly for a Reward ; and, when the
therefore, never after retained any Queen was ready to take Shipping at
Confidence, that he would deny what Dover for Holland, he barefaced im-
was importunately aſked ; and ſo, ei- portuned her to mediate to the King,
ther abſolutely withdrew themſelves That he might be forthwith admitted of
from thoſe Conſultations, thereby the Prince's Bed-Chamber ; the which
avoiding the Envy, and the Danger her Majeſty refuſing, he told his
of oppoſing them, or quietly ſuffered Companions, That ſince he could not
themſelves to be carried by the Stream, render himſelf conſiderable by doing the
and to conſent to any Thing that was King Service, he would be conſiderable
attempted.
by doing him Diſſervice : And ſo
The Queen being ſhipped for Holn made great Haſte to London, and 0.-
land, his Majeſty returned to Green- penly in the Houſe told them (the
wich, whither he had ſent to the Mar- ſame Day that the Prince was to go to
quis of Hertford to bring the Prince Greenwich) That if they were not exaet -
of Wales from Hampton-Court to meet ly careful, they would ſpeedily loſe the
him ; of which as ſoon as the Houſes Prince ; for, to his Knowledge, there
were advertiſed, they fent a Meſſage was a Deſign and Reſolution immediate-
to the King, who was upon his Way ly to carry him into France. From
from Dover, to deſire him, That the which groundleſs Information, he was
Prince might not be removed from taken into their Favour; and his Ma-
Hampton-Court, for that they conceiv- lice ſupplying the Defect of other
ed his Removal at that Time, might be Parts, was thenceforth taken into
a Cauſe to promote Jealouſies and Fears Truſt, and uſed as their Bravo to
in the Hearts of his good Subjects, juftify all their Exceſſes in Taverns and
which they thought neceſary to avoid; Ordinaries. And Mr. Hambden,
and, at the ſame Time, ſent an ex- ſhortly after this Diſcovery, took him
preſs Order to the Marquis of Hert- in his Arms, telling him, His Soul
ford, To require him not to ſuffer the rejoyced to ſee, that God had put it in-
Prince to go to Greenwich ; but his to his Heart to take the right Way.
Lordſhip, chooſing rather to obey Now in this very Time, we ſpeak
the King's Commands than theirs, of, and in the very Buſineſs of the
carried his Highneſs to his Father ; Militia, when every Day very great
of which the Houſes no ſooner were Multitudes of Petitions from moſt of
informed, than they ſent fome Mem- the Counties of England, and from the
bers of both Houſes to Greenwich, to City of London, were preſented to
bring the Prince from thence to Lon- both Houſes, to deſire they might be
don. But when they came thither, put into a Poſture of Defence; and
they found the King, whom they did that they would cauſe the Ordinance
not expect there ; and ſo made no for the Militia to be ſpeedily executed,
which
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
i6j
1. His
which was alledged to be an Inſtance. Vindication; of the ſo long celebrated
of the People's Deſire throughout the and happy Government in Church
Kingdom, and the chief Ground of and State ; the prime Leaders of that
their Proceeding; the moſt ſubſtantial Faction not bluſhing, in publick De-
Citizens of London both in Reputation bates in the Houſe, to aver, That no
and Eſtate, finding that the Militia of Man ought to Petition for the Govern-
that City, with which by their Char- ment eſtabliſhed by Law, becauſe he had
ter, and conſtant Practice, the Lord already his Wif; but they that deſired
Mayor had been always intruſted, was an Alteration, could not otherwiſe have
now with a moſt extravagant Power to their Defires known, and therefore were
be committed to a Number of factious to be countenanced.
Perſons of the City, part of whom The Committee, which preſented
conſiſted of Men of no Fortune, or the Declaration to the King at New-
Reputation, reſolv'd to petition both Market, preſented likewiſe additional
Houſes, Not to alter the original Con- Reaſons, as they called them, for his
ftitution, and Right of their City : Majeſty's Return, and Continuance
and, to that Purpoſe, a Petition was near the Parliament; as a Matter, in
ſigned by ſome hundreds, and very their Apprehenfion, of ſo great Ne-
probably would in few Days have been ceſſity, and Importance towards the
ſubſcribed by all, or moſt of the ſub- Preſervation of his Perſon, and his
ftantial Citizens of London. The Kingdom : And they faid,
Houſe had Notice of this Petition, They could not think they diſcharged
which they called another Conſpiracy their Duties in the ſingle Expreſſion of
and Plot againſt the Parliament, and their Defire, unleſs they added some fur-
immediately employed a Member of ther Reaſons to back it with.
their own to procure a Sight of it; Majeſty's Abſence would cauſe Men to
who, under a Truſt of re-delivering it, believe, that it was out of Deſign to dif-
go it into his Hands, and brought it courage the Undertakers, and hinder the
to the Houſe of Commons;
upon
other Proviſions for raiſing Money for
which, ſome principal Citizens, who Defence of Ireland.
2. It would very
had ſubſcribed it, were examined, and much hearten the Rebels there, and diſ-
committed to Priſon ; and a Direction affeeted Perſons in this Kingdom, as
given, that a Charge, and Impeach- being an Evidence, and Effect of the
ment ſhould be prepared againſt the Jealouſy and Diviſion between his Ma-
Recorder of London, who, they heard, jeſty, and his people. 3. That it would
had been of Council
in the drawing up, much weaken, and withdraw the Affec-
and preparing that Petition, and they tion of the SubjeEt from his Majeſty ;
knew, was oppoſite to their Tumul- without which, a Prince is deprived of
tuary Proceedings. So when the chief his chiefeſt Strength, and Luſtre, and
Gentlemen of Oxfordſhire heard, that left naked to the greateſt Dangers and
a Petition had been delivered to the Miſeries that can be imagined. 4. That
Houſe of Commons in their Name, it would invite, and encourage the Ene-
and the Name of that Country, againſt mies of our Religion and the State in
the eſtabliſhed Government of the foreign Parts, to the attempting, and
Church, and for the Exerciſe of the ačting of their evil Deſigns and Inten-
Militia, they affembled together to tirns towards us. Thoſe Confiderations,
draw up a Petition diſavowing the they ſaid, threaten'd so great Dangers
former, and to deſire, That the ſettled to his Perſon, and to all his Dominions,
Laws might be obſerved; of which the that, as his Great Council, they held
Lord Say having Notice, he procured it neceſſary to repreſent to him this their
the chief Gentlemen to be ſent for as faithful Advice, that ſo, whatſoever
Delinquents, and ſo ſuppreſſed that should follow, they might be excuſed be-
Addreſs : And this was the Meaſure fore God, and Man.
of their Juſtice in many other Particu After this Declaration was read,
lars of the fame Nature, receiving and the King after a ſhort Pauſe, ſaid to
cheriſhing all mutinous, and feditious them,
Petitions, and diſcountenancing ſuch I am confident that you' expect not I
as beſought the Continuance, and ſhould give you a Speedy Anſwer to this
ſtrange
164 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Strange and unexpećted Declaration ; Time? He anſwered, By God, not
and I am forry, in the Diſtraktion of for an Hour. You have aſked that of me
this Kingdom, you ſhould think this in this, was never aſked of a King, and
Way of Addreſs to be more convenient; with which I will 1100 trust my Wife,
than that propounded, by my Meſſage of and Children. He told them, he could
the twentieth of January last, to both not have believed the Parliament would
Houſes. As concerning the Grounds of have ſent him ſuch a Declaration, if he
your Fears and Jealoufies, I will take bad not ſeen it brought by ſuch- Perſons :
Time to anſwer them particularly; and And ſaid, he was ſorry for the Parlia-
doubt not but I ſhall do it to the Satis- ment, but glad he had it; for by that
faction of all the World. God in his be doubted not to ſatisfy his people.
good Time will, I hope, diſcover the As ſoon as the Committee returned
Secrets and Bottoms of all Plots, and and reported what Anſwer they had
Treaſons ; and ihen I ſhall ſtand right received, and in what Diſpoſition and
in the Eyes of all my People. I ſtill Temper they found, and left the
confeſs my Fears, and call God to wit- King; it was order'd, that their De-
neſs, that they are greater for the true claracion, which they had ſent to him,
Proteſtant Profeſion, my People and ſhould be ſpeedily printed, and care-
Laws, then for my own Rights or Safe- fully diſperſed thoughout the King-
ty; though I must tell you, I conceive dom, that the People might ſee upon
none of theſe are free from Danger. what Terms they ſtood, and all other
What would you have? Have I vio- poſſible Courſes were taken to poiſon
lated your Laws? Have I denied to the Hearts, and Affections of the
pafs any ane Bill for the Eaſe, and Se- Subjects; and to ſuppreſs all thoſe,
curity of ney Subjects? I do not aſk you who, in any Degree, ſeemed to diſlike
what you have done for me. Are my their high Proceedings. Above all,
People tranſported with Fears and Ap- Care was taken to place fuch Preach-
prehenfions? I have offer'd as free, ers, and Lecturers, in the moſt popu-
and general a Pardon as your ſelves can lous Towns and Pariſhes, as were
deviſe. There is a Judgment from Hea- well known to abhor the preſent Go-
ven upon this Nation, if theſe Diſtrac-vernment, and Temperature of Church
tions continue. God so deal with me, and State ; many of whom were re-
and mine, as all my Thoughts, and. In- commended, and poſitively injoyned,
tentions, are upright for the Mainte- and impoſed upon Pariſhes, by the
nance of the true Proteſtant Profeſion, Houſe of Commons; and others, by
and for the Obſervation and Preſerva- ſuch factious Members, whoſe Repu-
tion of the Laws of the Land : And I tation was moſt current. And that
bope God will bleſs, and aſſist thoſe they might be ſure to be as ſtrong and
Laws for my Preſervation.
abfolute at Sea, as ar Land, they ap-
This being fuddenly, and with pointed the Earl of Northumberland,
ſome Vehemence, ſpoken by his Ma- Lord Admiral, to ſend the Names of
jeſty, and he having taken further all thoſe Captains of Ships, who were
Time to anſwer the Declaration, and to attend the Fleet for that Summer
the Reaſons, the Committee beſought Service, to them, to the End they
him, Since they were to carry back with might have ſuch Men, in whom they
them no other Anſwer, that his Majeſty might Confide; which his Lordſhip
would vouchſafe to give them what he moſt punctually obſerved. By which
had ſpoken, .in Writing ; which, the they helped to free him of thoſe Offi-
next Morning, he did : And then cers whom he could not plauſibly
the Earl of Holland again deſired him, have diſcharged ; and ſtruck out the
That he would reſide nearer bis Parlia- Names of thoſe, whoſe Affections, or
ment; whereunto the King briefly Relations they thought themſelves not
anſwered, I would you had given me fecure in.
Cauſe'; but I am ſure this Declaration The King thought it now Time,
is not the Way to it. Then being aſk- according to his former Reſolution,
ed by the Earl of Pembroke, whether which he had not communicated to
the Militia might not be granted, as many, to remove to York, which was
was defined by the. Parliament, for a a Place of good Reception, and Con-
veniency,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
165
A
veniency, for thoſe who were willing teenth of Merch. Now the Day be-
to attend him ; and to the End that fore had been ſpent in preparing all
there might be publick Notice of it, Things ready for the Ordinance of
he ſent from Huntington, when he was the Militia ; they had Voted, and Re-
upon his Journey, a Meſſage to both ſolved, that it was not any Way against
Houſes, That being then in his Remove the Oath of Allegiance, that all the
to his City of York; where be intended Conmifions to Lieutenents under the
to make kis Reſidence for ſome Time, he Great Seal teere illegal, cind void; and
thought fit to ſend thet Mejoge to them, that whoſoever ſhould execute any Power
and very earneſtly to deſire them, that over the Militia by colour of any Com-
they would uſe all poſſible Induſtry inz ex- miſſion of Lieutenancy, without Conſent
pediting the Buſineſs of Ireland ; in of both Houſes of Parliament, ſhould be
which they ſhould find so chearful a accounted a Diſturber of the Peace of the
Concurrence from his Majeſty, that no Kingdom. Then they agreed upon
Inconvenience ſhould happen to that Ser. this Propoſition, That the Kingdom
vice by his Abſence. Therefore, if the had been of late, and ſtill was, in so
Misfortunes and Calamities of his poor evident and imminent Danger, both
Proteſtant Subjects - there should grow from Erenies abroad, and a popiſh and
upon them (though he ſhould be deeply diſcontented Party at home, that there
concern'd in, and ferſible of their Suf- was an urgent and inevitable Neceſity
ferings) be ſaid, be should waſh bis of putting bis Majeſty's Subjeets into a
Hands before the World from the least Poſture of Defence, for the Safeguard
Imputation of Slackneſs in that moſt ne both of the King, and his people ; and
ceſſary, and pious Work.
that the Lords and Commons, appre-
And, that he might lecve no Wey hending that Danger, and being ſenſible
unattempted, which might beget a good of their own Duty to provide a ſuitable
Underſtanding between. him and his Prevention, had, in ſeveral Petitions,
Parliament, he ſaid, be thought it ne- addreſſed themſelves to his Majeſty for
ceſſary to declare, that, as he had been the ordering the Militia of the Kingdom
ſo tender of the Privileges of Parlia- in ſuch a Way, as was agreed upon, by
ment, that be bad been ready and for the Wiſdom of both Houſes, to be most
ward to retract any Ait of his own, proper for the preſent Exigence of the
which he had been informed bad trenched Kingdom : Yet they could not obtain
upon their Privileges ; so he expeeted it; but his Majeſty did ſeveral Times
an equal Tenderneſs in them of his refuſe to give his Royal Afent thereun-
known Prerogatives, which are the un to. Upon this Propoſition, they reſolv-
queſtionable Privileges of the Kingdom ; ed, that in that caſe of extreme Danger,
amongst which, he was aſured, it was and of bis Majeſty's Refuſal, the Ordi-
a Funi amental one, thut bis Subjects nance agreed on by both Houſes for the
could not be obliged to obey any Aet, Militia, did oblige the People, and ought
Order or Injunction, to which he had to be obeyed, by the Fundamental Laws
not given his content.
of the Kingdom; and that ſuch Perſons
Ănd, therefore, be thought it neceſſary as jould be nominated Deputy Lieute-
to publiſh, that be expected, and thereby nants, and approved by both Houſes,
required, Obedience from all his loving should receive the Commands of both
Subječts to the Laws eſtabliſhed; and Houſes, to take upon them to execute
that they prefimed not ufoi eny Pre- their Offices. All which Reſolutions
tence of Order, or Ordinance, to which were ordered, the ſame Night, to be
his Majeſty was no Párty, concerning Printed and Publiſhed : So that,
the Militia, or any other Thing, to do, when the King's Meſſage from Hunt-
or execute what was not warrantable by ington was read the next Morning,
thoſe Laws ; he being reſolved to keep and ſeemed to be againſt their Votes of
the Laws bimſelf, and to require Obe- the Day before, they concluded, That
dience to them from cll his Subjects. it could not be ſent from the King, but
I have not known both Houſes in that it had been inſerted in Blanks left
more Choler and Rage than upon the in the Town for ſuch Purpoſes; and
receiving this Meffage, which came immediately made a Committee, To
early to them on Wedneſdcy the ſix- find out by whom that Mejage was
Tt
framed.
48
.
166
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
framed. But when they remember'd, the beſt Quality, and greateſt Intereſt,
that they had voted as much a Week and injoyning the Oath of Supremacy
before, and had examin'd the Gentle to be taken with great Rigour ; and,
men who brought it, and had receiv'd amongſt other Stratagems they had to
it from the King's own Hand, they humble the Papiſts, I remember, up-
proceeded no further in that Inquiſi- on an Information that they uſed their
tion; but fatisfied themſelves with a Proteſtant Tenants worſe in the raiſing
new Vote, That thoſe Perſons, who their Rents, than they did thoſe of
adviſed his Majeſty to abſent himſelf their own Religion, there was an Or-
from the Parliament, and thoſe that der, That they ſhould not raiſe the
adviſed him to that Melage, were Rents of their Tenants, above the Rates
Enemies to the Peace of the Kingdom, that the Proteſtant Landlords adjoyning
and juftly to be ſuſpected to be Favourers receivd from their Tenants : By Vir-
of the Rebellion in Ireland.
tue of which, in ſome Places, they
It was now known, that the King undertook to determine what Rents
was gone to York, which made them their Tenants ſhould pay to them.
apprehend their Principality of Hull They proceeded now to provide all
might be in Danger; and therefore neceſſary Means for the raiſing great
they immediately reſolve, That no Sums of Money, by the diligent Col-
Forces whatſoever fould be admitted in lection of what was granted by former
that Town, without the immediate Con- Acts, and by a new Bill for the raiſing
Sent of both Houſes : Which Order of four hundred thouſand Pounds, for
was ſent thither by an Expreſs. And the Payment of the great Debts of the
having prepared the People to be rea- Kingdom (by which they meant the
dy for the Militia, by publiſhing, Remainder of the three hundred thou-
That, in caſe of extreme Danger, they fand Pounds, they had bountifully
were to obey that Ordinance ; they given to their Brethren of Scotland)
were, in the next Place, to find the and the Support of the War of Iré-
Danger to be extreme; and, to that land: All which Monies were to be
Purpoſe, they produced Letters with- received, and diſpoſed as the two
out any Name, pretended to be writ- Houſes ſhould direct of which
ten from Amſterdam, ſignifying, That though the King ſaw the Danger, that
they had Intelligence there, that there might, and did after enſue thereupon,
was an Army ready in Denmark to be yet he thought that probable Inconve-
tranſported into England, and was to nience and Miſchief to be leſs, than
be landed at Hull; which, they ſaid, that, which the Scandal of denying
had been confirmed to them, by a Perſon any thing, upon which the Recovery
of Reputation, from New-Market, who of Ireland ſeem'd to depend, would
confirmed the Intelligence of Denmark : inevitably bring upon him ; and ſo
And added, that there were likewiſe ratified whatſoever they brought to
Forces ready in France to be landed at him of that Kind.
Hull.
But notwithſtanding all theſe Pre-
Of this, how groſs and ridiculous parations on this Side the Sea, the Re-
ſoever it appeared to wiſe Men, they lief, and Proviſion was very ſlowly
made a double Uſe, (beſides the gene- ſupplied to the other Side ; where the
ral Impreſſion in the People) the one Rebels ſtill increaſed in Strength, and
to colour and countenance their Or- inlarged their Power, very many Per-
ders to their Governor there; the fons of Honour, and Fortune, who
other, to make the King's Reſidence till then had fate ſtill, and either were,
in thoſe Parts ſuſpected and grievous, or ſeem'd to be averſe to the Rebel-
as if he came thither only to bring in lion, joyning with them, as being
Foreign Forces upon them. With deſperate, and conceiving the utter
theſe Alarms of foreign Forces, they ſuppreſſing their Religion, and the
mingled other Intelligence of the Pa- very Extirpation of their Nation, to
piſts in England, That they had a Pur- be decreed againſt them. And with-
poſe of making an Inſurrection ; and out Doubt, the great Reformers here
therefore they proceeded in preparing were willing enough to drive them to
a Bill to ſecure the Perſons of thoſe of any Extremity, both out of Revenge
and
;
Witam
tation.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
167
and Contempt, as a People eaſy to be conſent to. So, within fes D.lys after
rooted out, and that the War might his coming thither, he fent them a
be kept up ſtill; ſince they feared an Declaration (which he cauſed to be
Union in that Kingdom might much printed, and, in the Frontiſpiece, re-
prejudice their Deſigns in this, both commended to the Conſideration of
as it might ſupply the King with all his loving Subjects) in Anſwer to
Power and take away much of theirs; that preſented to him at Necv-Market
whereas now they had Opportunity, fome Days before.
with Reference to Ireland, to raiſe But the Day before this Anſwer of
both Men and Money, which they his Majeſty came to the Members then
might be able to imploy upon more ſitting at Weſtminſter, though they
preffings Occaſions, as they will be knew they ſhould ſpeedily receive it,
found afterwards to have done. Nei- leſt ſomewhat in it might anſwer, and
ther was it out of their Expectation fo prevent fome other Scandals they
and View, that, by the King's con had a Mind to lay to his Majeſty's
ſenting to that ſevere Decree, he Charge, they fent a Petition to him,
might very probably diſcourage his in the Name of the Lords and Com-
Catholick Subjects, in his other Do mons, upon Occaſion of the ſhort
minions, from any extraordinary Acts curſory Speech he made to their com-
of Duty, and Affection ; at leaſt, that mittee (which is béfore mentioned) at
it would render him leſs conſidered by the Delivery of their Declaration at
moſt Catholick Princes. And they New-Market, in which they told
knew well what Uſe to make of
any
him,
Diminution of his Intereſt, or Repu-
That the Lords and Conimons in Par-
Theſe Matters thus ſettled, liament could not conceive, that that
for the Eaſe of the two Houſes, who Declaration, which he received from
were now like to have much to do, them at New-Market, was ſuch as did
they appointed the whole Buſineſs of deſerve that Cenſure his Majeſty was
Ireland to be managed by Commiſſion pleaſed to lay upon them in that Speech,
under the Great Seal of England, by which his Majeſty made to that Com-
four Lords, and eight Commoners, mittee; their Addreſs therein, being
whom they recommended to the King, accompanied with Plainneſs, Humility,
and who were always to receive In- and Faithfulneſs; they thought more
ſtructions from themſelves. And in . proper for the removing the Diſtraktion
this State, and Diſpoſition, were the of the Kingdom, than if they had then
Affairs of Ireland, when the King proceeded according to his Meſage of the
went to York, where let us now reſort twentieth of January; by which he was
pleaſed to deſire, that they would declare,
what they intended to do for his Ma-
As ſoon as the King came to York, jeſty, and what they expected to be done
which was about the Ènd of the Year for themſelves ; in both which, they
1641, and found his Reception there faid, they had been very much binderd
to be equal to his Expectation, the by his Majeſty's Denial to ſecure them,
Gentry, and Men of Ability of that and the whole Kingdom, by ſettling the
great and populous County (ſome Militia : And until his Majeſty ſhould
very few excepted) expreſſing great be pleaſed to concur with his Parlia-
Alacrity for his Majeſty's being with ment in thoſe neceſſary Things, they beld
them, and no leſs Senſe of the info- it impoſſible for his Majeſty to give the
lent Proceedings of Parliament ; there- World, or his people, ſuch Satisfaction
upon, he reſolv'd to treat with the concerning the Fears and Jealoufies,
two Houſes in another Manner than which they had expreſſed, as they hoped
he had done, and to let them clearly bis Majeſty bad already received touch-
know, That as he would deny them no- ing that Exception, which he was pleaf-
thing that was fit for them to aſk, so be ed to take to Mr. Pym's Speech. " And
would yield to nothing that was unrea- if any extraordinary Concourſe of Peo-
Sorable for him to grant ; and that he ple out of the City to Weſtminſter had
would have nothing extorted from him, the Face and Shew of Tumult and Dan-
that he was not very well inclined to ger, in bis Majeſty's Apprehenſion, it
woult
to him.
st
168
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
would appear to be cauſed by his Ma- aſk it by Wey of Ordinance, and with
jeſty's Denial of ſuch a Guard to his ſuch a Preface, as we can neither with
Parlicment, as they might have caufe Juſtice to 02:Honour, or Innocency,
to Confide in; and by taking into conſent to.
You exclude us from any
'White-Hall ſuch a Guard for himſeif, Power in the Diſpoſition or Executionz
as gave just Cauſe of Jeclouſy to the of it together with you, and for a Time
Parliament, and of Terror and Of- utter’y unlimited.
We tell you, we
fence to his people.
would have the Thing done ; allow the
This, which they called a Petition, Perſons, with that Exception; deſire
being preſented to the King, his Ma a Bill, the only good old Way of impo-
jeſty immediately return'd, by the fing on 01!r Subjects : We are extreme-
fame Meſſengers, his Anſwer in theſe ly unſatisfied what an Ordinance is,
Words :
but well ſatisfied, that without our
If you would have had the Patience Conſent it is nothing, nor binding.
to have expected our Anſwer to your last As for the ſeditious Pamphlets and
Declaration, we believe, you would Sermons, we are both forry and ojbaned
have ſaved yourſelves the Labour of (in ſo great variety, and in which cur
Saying much of this Meſſage. And we Rights, Honour, and Authority, cre so
could
wiſh, that our Privileges on all infolently Nighted ard vilified, and in
Perts were ſo ſtaled, that this Way of which the Dignity and Freedom of Par-
Correſpondency might be preſerved with liaments, is ſo much invaded, and vio-
that Freedom, which has been uſed of lated) it ſhould be aſked of us to name
old. For we must tell you, that if you any. The mentioning of the Proteſte-
may aſk any Thing of us by Melage or tion proteſted, and the Apprentices Pro-
Petition, and in zbat Language (how teſtation, To your Tents, o Irael,
unuſual foever) you think fit, and we or uny other, would be too great an
must neilber deny the Thing you aſk, Excuſe for the rest :
If you think
nor give a Reaſon why were cennot grant them not worth your Enquiry, we have
it, without being taxed of breaking your done. But we think it mošt ſirange to
Privileges, or being counſelled by thoſe, be told, that our Denial of a Guard
who are Enemies to the Peace of the (which we yet never denied, but grant-
Kingdom, and Favourers of the Iriſhed in another Manner, and under a
Rebellion (for we have ſeen your print- Command at that Time most eccuſtomed
ed Votes upon our Meſſage from Hunt- in the Kingdom) or the Denial of any
ington) you will reduce all our Anſwers thing elſe, which is in our Power le
hereafter into a very little room ; in gally to deny, which in our Underſtand-
plain Engliſh, it is to take away the ing, of which God hath ſurely given us
-Freedom of your Vote; which, were we forne Uſe, is not fit to be granted,
but a Subječt, were high Injuſtice, but ſhould be any Excuſe for ſo dangerous
being your King, we leave all the
a Concourſe of People; which, not only
World to judge what it is.
in our Apprehenſion, but, we believe,
Is this the Way to compoſe all. Miſun- in the Interpretation of the Law itſelf,
derſtandings? We thought we sewed bath been always beld most Tumultuous
you one, by our Meſage of the twentieth of and Seditious.
January, if you have a better or rea To conclude, as we have or Mall not
dier, we ſhall willingly bearken to it, refuſe any agreeable Way to Juſtice or
for hitherto you bave shewed us none. Honour, which ſhall be offer'd to us for
But why the Refuſal to conſent to your the begetting a right Underſtanding be-
Order, which you call a Denial of the tween us; so we are reſolved that no
Militia, jould be any Interruption to it, Streights or Neceſſities, to which stie
we cannot underſtand. For the Mili- may be driven, Mall.ever compel us to
tia, which we always thought neceſſary do that, which the Reaſon and Under-
to be ſettled, we never denied the standing that God hath given us, and
Thing (as we told you in our Anſwer our Honour and Interest, with which
of the 28th of January) to the Petition God bath truſted us for the Good of our
of the Houſe tf Commons, for we ac- Posterity and Kingdoms, ſhall render
cepted the Perſons, except for Corpora- unpleaſant and grievous to us.
And
tions; we only denied the Way. You we aljure you, how meanly foever you
are
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 169
are pleaſed to value the Diſcharge of could ſpeak in the Juſtification of ei-
our Publick Duty, we are ſo.conſcious ther of them, yet no Man thought
to ourſelves of having done our Part them equally.culpable. The Earl of
ſince this Parliament, that in whatſo- Holland was a Perſon meerly of the
ever Condition we now ſtand, we are King's, and his Father's Creation ;
confident of the continued Prote&tion raiſed from the Condition of a private
from Almighty God, and the conſtant Gentleman, a younger Brother of an
Gratitude, Obedience, and Affection Extraction that lay under a great Ble-
from our People. And we shall trust miſh, and without any Fortune, to a
God with all.
great Height by their meer Favour,
Theſe quick Anſwers from the and Bounty. And they had not only
King gave them very much Trouble, adorn'd him with Titles, Honours
and made it evident to them, that he and Offices, but inabled him to ſup-
would no more be ſwagger'd into port thoſe in the higheſt Luſtre, and
Conceſſions that he thought unreaſon- with the largeſt Expence; and this
able, or perſwaded to them upon ge. King had drawn many Inconvenien-
neral Promiſes, or an implicit Confi- cies, and great Diſadvantages, upon
dence in their future Modeſty ; but himſelf and his Service; by his prefer-
that he demanded Reparation for the ring him to ſome Truſts, which others
Breach of his Privileges, and ſo fought did not only think themſelves, but real-
with them with their .own Weapons, ly were, worthier of. That ſuch a Ser-
troubled them much more ; appre- vant ſhould ſuffer his Zeal to leſſen
hending that in a ſhort Time, the and decay toward ſuch a Maſter, and
People might be perſwaded to believe, that
he fhould keep a Title to lodge in
that the King was in the right, and his Bed-Chamber," from whoſe Court
had not been well dealt with : And he had, upon the Matter withdrawn
though ſome few who thought them- himſelf, and adhered to, and aſſiſted
ſelves too far ingaged to rerire, were thoſe, who'affronted and contemned
glad of the Sharpneſs of theſe Paper- his Majeſty ſo notoriouſly, would ad-
Skirmiſhes, which they believed made mit of no Manner of Interpoſition and
the Wound ſtill wider, and more in- Excuſe.
curable ; yet the major Part which Leſs was to be objected againſt
had been induced to joyn with them the Earl of Eſex, who, as he had
out of Confidence that the King would been, all his Life, without Obliga-
yield, and that their Boldneſs, and tions from the Court, and believ'd he
Importunity in aſking, would prevail had undergone Oppreſſion there, ſo
with his Majeſty to conſent, wiſhed he was, in all Reſpects, the fame Man
themſelves fairly unintangled. he had always profeſſed himſelf to be,
The King found himſelf at ſome when the King put him into that of-
Eaſe, and moſt Perſons of Quality of fice ; and in receiving of which,
that great County, and of the Coun- many Men believ'd, that he rather
ties adjacent, reſorted to him, and gratified the King, than that his Ma-
many Perſons of Condition from Lona jeſty had obliged him in conferring
don, and thoſe Parts, who had not it ; and it had been, no doubt, the
the Courage to attend upon him at chief Reaſon of putting the Staff in his
White-Hall; ſo that the Court ap- Hand, becauſe in that Conjuncture no
peared with ſome Luftre. And now other Man, who would in any Degree
he begun to think of executing fome have appeared worthy of it, had the
of thoſe Reſolutions, which he had Courage to take it. However having
made with the Queen before her De- taken the Charge upon him, he ought,
parture; one of which was, and to be no doubt, to have taken all his Ma-
firſt done, the removing the Earls of ſter's Concernments more to Heart,
Elex and Holland from their Offices than he had done ; and he can never
in the Court, the one of Chamberlain, be excuſed for ſtaying in White-Hall,
the other of Groom of the Stool, when the King was with that Outrage
which hath the Reputation and Bene- driven from thence, and for chooſing
fit of being firſt Gentleman of the to behold the Triumph of the Mem-
Bed-Chamber. Indeed Man bers return to Weſtminſter, rather than
49
no
U u
to
170
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to attend his Majeſty's Perſon in ſo any Man, who knew well the Nature
great Perplexity to Hampton-Court; and Temper of that Time, that it had ·
which had been his Duty to have been very difficult, is not utterly im-
done, and for failing wherein, no poſſible, for the two Houſes of Par-
other Excuſe can be made, but that, liament to have raiſed ar Army then,
after he had taken ſo full a Reſolution if the Earl of Etex hd not confented
to have waited upon his Majeſty thi to be General ci chat Ainy.
ther, that he had dreſſed himſelf in But the King was inexorable in the
his travelling Habit, he was diverted Point; He was obliged by Promiſe to
from it by the Earl of Holland, who the Queen at parting, which he would
ought to have accompanied him in not break; and her Majeſty had con-
the Service, and by his Averment, tracted ſo great an Indignation againſt
That if he went, be ſhould be aſs:/- the Earl of Holland, whoſe Ingratitude
nated; which it was not poſſible ſhould indeed towards her was very odious,
have ever been ſo much as thought of that ſhe had ſaid, She would never live
Notwithſtanding all this, the Per- in the Court, • if He kept his Place.
ſons truſted by his Majeſty and remain- And ſo the King ſent an Order to
ing at London, had no ſooner Notice of Littleton, the Lord Keeper of the
it (which his Majeſty ſent to them, that Great Seal, Thet be mould receive the
he might be adviſed the beſt Way of Staff and Key from the One, and the
doing it) but they did all they could Other, and receive them into his Cufto-
to diſſwade the purſuing it. They dy. The Keeper trembled at the Of-
did not think it a good Conjuncture fice, and had not Courage to under-
to make thoſe two Perſons del perate; take it. He went preſently to the
and they knew that they were not of Lord Falkland, and deſired him to
the Temper and Inclinations of thoſe, affiſt him in making his Excuſe to the
who had too much Credit with them, King. He made many Profeſſions of
nor did deſire to drive Things to the his Duty to the King, Who, he hoped,
utmoſt Extremities, which could ne would not command him in an Affeir so
ver better their Conditions; and that unſuitable to the Office he held under
they did both rather deſire to find any him: That no Keeper had been employ-
Expedients, by which they might ed in ſuch a Service ; that if he ſhould
make a ſafe and an honourable Re execute the Order be had receiv'd, it
treat, than to advance in the Way would in the first Place be voted a
they were ingaged in. But the Ar Breach of Privilege in him, being a
gument they chiefly inſiſted on to the Peer; and the Houſe would commit him
King, was, That being depriv’d of to Priſon, by which the King would re-
their Offices, they would be able to do ceive the greatest Affront, though he
more Miſchief, and ready to imbark should be ruin'd; whereas the Thing
themſelves wiib the most deſperate Per- it ſelf might be done by a more proper
Sons, in the most deſperate Attempts; Officer, without any. Inconvenience.
which fell out ac
out accordingly. And How weak foever the Reaſons were,
there is great Reaſon to believe, that the Paſſion was ſtrong; and the Lord
if that Reſolution the King had taken, Falkland could not refuſe to convey
had not been too obſtinately purſued his Letter to the King, which con-
at that Time, many of the Miſchiefs, tain'd his Anſwer in his own Words,
which afterwards fell out, would have with all the imaginable Profeſſions.of
been prevented; and, without doubt, Duty and Zeal for his Service. How
if the Staff had remained ſtill in the ill foever his Majeſty was ſatisfied, he
Hands of the Earl of Eſex, by which ſaw the Buſineſs would not be done
he was charged with the Defence and that Way; and therefore he writ im-
Security of the King's Perſon, he mediately a Letter, all in his own
would never have been prevaild with Hand, to the Lord Falkland; in
to have taken upon him the Command which with ſome gracious Expreſſions
of that Army, which was afterwards of Excuſe for putting that Work upon
raiſed againſt the King, and with him, he commanded him, To require
which ſo many Barcles were fought. the Surrender of the Enfigns of their
And there can be as little Doubt in Ofices from thoſe two Earls. The
Lord
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
171
1
.
Lord Falkland was a little troubled in is before mention’d) they ſent a for-
receiving the Command; they were mal Meſſage to the Lords, That the
Perſons from whom he had receiv'd Earl of Northumberland Lord Almi-
great Civilities, and with whom he ral, might be moved to conſtitute the
had much Credit; and this harſh Of Earl of Warwick, his Admiral of the
fice might have been more naturally, Fleet for that Years Service, being a
and as effectually perform’d by a Gen. Perſon of ſuch Honour and Experience,
tleman Uther, as the fame Staff had as- they might ſafely Confide in him ;
been demanded before from the Earl and that the Earl of Warwick might
of Pernbroke, within lefs than a Year. be deſired to undertake that Service.
However, he would make no Excuſe, The Lords thought fit that the King's
being a very punctual and exact Per- Approbation might be firſt deſired,
ſon in the Performances of his Duty; before it was recommended to the
and ſo went to buth of them, and met Earl of Northumberland; but the
them coming to the Houſe, and im- Commons thought that ſuperfluous,
parted his Meſſage to them: They ſince the Officers of the Fleet were ab-
deſired him very civilly, That he would folutely at the Earl's Diſpoſal ; and
give them leave to confer a little toge- therefore refuſed to ſend to the King,
ther, and they would, within half an but of themſelves ſent to both the one
Hour, ſend for him into the Houſe of Earl and the other; and the Earl of
Commons; whither he went, and they, Warwick, being well pleaſed with the
within leſs Tiine, ſent to him to Truſt, very frankly, without waiting
meet, them in Sir Thomas Cotton's the King's Conſent, declared, That he
Garden (a Place adjacent, where the Wis ready to undertake the Employment.
Members of both Houſes frequently but this being ſo públickly agitated,
uſed to walk) and there with very the King could not but take Notice
few Words, they delivered the staff of it.; and finding that the Buſineſs
and Key into his Hands, who imme- would not be propoſed to him,
diately carried them to his Lodging; thought it neceſſary to ſignify his
and they went up to the Houſe of Pleaſure in it, that ſo at leaſt the Lord
Peers : And preſently both Houſes Admiral might not pretend Ignorance,
took Notice of it, and with Paſſion, if ought ſhould be done to his Difer-
and bitter Expreſſions againſt the evil vice; and therefore, he appointed
Counſellors, who had given his Ma- Mr. Secretary Nicholas to write to the
jeſty that Counſel, they concurr’d in Earl of Northumberland, That his Ma-
a Vote, That whoſoever preſumed to ac-. jeſty expected that Sir John Pennington
cept of either of thoſe ofices, ſhould be ſhould command that Fleet, as he had
reputed an Enemy to his Country; and done two or three Years before.
then they proceeded with more impe This Letter being communicated to
tuofity in the Buſineſs of the Militia, both Houſes, and the Lord Admiral
and all other Matters which moſt in- being thereby upon the Diſadvantage
trenched upon the King's Authority. of a ſingle Conteſt with the King, the
Whilſt they were ſo eager in Pur- Houſe of Commons, rather out of
ſuit of the Militia, and pretended the Kindneſs and Reſpect to the Earl,
Neceſſity ſo imminent, that they could than of Duty to the King, conde-
not defer the Diſpoſition thereof till ſcended to joyn with the Lords in a
it might be formally, and regularly Meſſage to his Majeſty ; which they
ſettled by Bill, they had their Eyes ſent not by Members of their own,
upon another Militia, the Royal Na- but directed the Lord Keeper, to in-
vy;
without recovering of which to cloſe it in a Letter to the Secretary
their own Power, they had no Mind' attending the King, and to ſend the
to venture upon the Execution of their fame to York; which he did accord-
Land Ordinance. And therefore, in ly. The Meſſage was :
the beginning of the Spring, when That the Lords and Communs, in
the Fleet for that Year was provided, this préjent Parlicment effembled, hov-
after they had excepted againſt ſuch ing found it neceſſary to provide, and ſet
Perſons to be Captains of Ships, as to Sec, a ſtrong and powerful Navy for
they thought not devoted to them (as the Defence of this Kingdom against
Foreign
172
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
3
Foreign Force, and for the Security of Profeſion were ſo well known to bini,
bis Majeſty's other Dominions, the beſides many other Reaſons, that (his
Charge whereof was to be born by the Admiral excepted, becauſe of his Place)
Common-wealth : And taking Notice Recommendations of that Kind would
of the Indiſpoſition of the Lord Admiral, not be acceptable to bim.
which diſabled him, at that Time, for This Anſwer was no other than
commanding the Fleet in his own Per- they expected, though they ſeemid
fon, did thereupon recommend unto bis troubled at it, and pretended they
Lordſhip the Earl of Warwick, a Peru had 'many Things of Miſdemeanour
Son of ſuch Qualities and Abilities, as to object againſt Sir John Pennington,
in whom they might beft Confide; to at leaſt ſuch Matters as would render
ſupply bis Lordſhips room for this Em- him incapable of that Truſt; the
ployment; and underſtanding that his greateſt of which was that he had con-
Majeſty' bad ſince fignify'd bis Pleaſure vey'd the Lord Digby over Sea
concerning that Command for Sir John though they very well knew that
Pennington, they ſaid, they did bold he had his Majeſty's Royal Wár-
it their Duty to repreſent to bis Majeſty rant and Corimand for that Pur-
the great Danger, and Miſchief the poſe; and therefore moved the Lords
Common-wealth was' like to ſuſtain by that he might be ſent for to be exa-
ſuch Interruption ; and therefore did. mined upon many Particulars : And
bumbly beſeech bis Majeſty, that the no- in the mean Time, whilſt they cauſed
ble Perſon, recommended by both Houſes him to attend their leiſure to be exa-
of Parliament for this Service, might mined, they proceeded in haſtning
be no longer detained from it, out of any the Earl of Warwick to make himſelf
particular Reſpeet to any other Perſon ready for the Service, who made no
whatſoever.
Scruple of undertaking it; and the
The fame Day that this Meſſage Earl of Northumberland receiving the
came to his Majeſty, he diſpatched an Order, and Deſire of both Houſes, to
Anſwer to the Lord Keeper; in which grant his Commiſſion to him to be
he told him, That he wonderd both at Admiral of that Fleet, thought him.
the Form, and Matter of that incloſed ſelf ſufficiently excuſed towards the
Paper be bad ſent to him, in the Name King, and did it accordingly. The
of both Houſes of Parliament : It being two Houſes in the mean Time, with-
neither by way of Petition, Declaration, out any further Thought of the King's
or Letter; and for the Matter, be be- Conſent, preparing Reaſons to ſatisfy
liev’d, it was the first Time, that the his Majeſty for the Neceſſity, or Con-
Houſes of Parliament bad taken upon veniency of their Proceeding.
them the Nomination, or Recommenda Many Men, eſpecially they who at
tion of the chief Sea-Commander ; but' a Diſtance obſervd and diſcern'd the
it added to the Wonder, that Sir John Difficulties the King was like to en-
Pennington being already appointed by counter, wonder'd that upon fo ap-
him for that Service, upon the Recom- parent a Breach of Truſt, and Act of
mendation of his Admiral, and no Fault Undutifulneſs, his Majeſty did not at
so much as alledged against him, ano-" that Time revoke the Lord Admiral's
ther ſhould be recommended to him. Commiſſion, which was but during
Therefore, he ſaid, his Reſolution upon Pleaſure ; and fo put that ſure Guard
that Point was, that he would not alter of the Kingdom, his Navy, under
him, whom he had already appointed to ſuch a Command
as he might depend
command that Years Fleet; whoſe Suf- upon. But the Truth is, it was not
ficiency was so univerſally known; then Counſellable ; for (beſides that
which he was confident his Admiral, if it was eaſier to reſolve, That it was fit
there fould be Occaſion, would make to remove the Earl of Northumberland,
most evident; against whoſe Teſtimony than to find a Man competent for the
be ſuppoſed bis Parliament would not Place) that Way it might have been
except. And though there were yet none poſſible to have prevented the going
appointed, or the ſaid Sir John, through out of any Fleet to Sea, which would
ſome Accident, not able to perform the have confirmed the frantick Jealouſies
Service ; yet he ſaid, The Men of that of bringing in Foreign Forces; but
not
t,
ton :
upon thoſe Articles of High Treaſon,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 173
not have reduced it to his own Obe at New-Market, in which he told
dience.
them, That if they had not been in-
By this it appears the King could form’d of the ſeditious Words uſed in,
not at that Time, with Conveniency and the Circumſtances of the Tumults,
or Safety to his Affairs, diſplace the and would appoint ſome way for the
Earl of Northumberland; and he be. Examination of them, that he would
liev'd, if his Otcaſions ſhould hereaf- require ſome of his learned Council to
ter require it, that the Time would be attend with ſuch Evidence as might fa-
much more feaſonable, when the tisfy them, troubled them much more.
Fleet was at Sea, and the Thing itſelf For if there were ſtill ſo much Cou-
more practicable; which was a true rage left in the King's Council, that
Concluſion. However, he expreſſed they durſt appear to inform againſt
ſo much Dinike. againſt the Earl of any of thoſe Proceedings, which they
Warwick's commanding that Fleet, favoured, they ſhould find Men grow
that he was not, willing that any Offi more afraid of the Law than of them;
cers whom he valued, ſhould take which would deſtroy all their Deſigns.
Imployment under him ; which he Therefore they reſolv'd to proceed
had ſhortly after cauſe to repent. For, with all Expedition, and ſeverely a-
by this Means, the Vice-Admiralty, gainſt the Attorney General for his
which was deſign’d to Captain Cart- Treſpaſs and Preſumption upon their
wright, the Comptroller of the Navy, Privileges, in the Accuſation of the
who hath ſince fufficiently teſtify'd five Members, and the Lord Kimbok
how advantageouſly to his Majeſty he Of the Circumſtances of which
would have managed that Charge, Proceeding, and Judgment thereupon,
upon his Refuſal (which was occaſion- being as extraordinary, and as diſtant
ed by intimation from his Majeſty, as
from the Rules of Juſtice, at leaſt of
ſhall be hereafter mentioned) was Practice, as any thing that then hap-
conferr'd upon Batten, an obſcure Fel- pen’d, it will not be amiſs to ſet down
low; and, though a good Sea-man, two or three Particulars.
unknown to the Navy, till he was, Shortly after they had impeached
two or three Years before, for Money, him (which is mentioned before) and
made Surveyor, who executed it ever the King had found it neceffary to
after with great Animoſity againſt the give over any Proſecution againſt the
King's Service, of which more here- others, his Majeſty being deſirous
after.
now he had freed them, that they
Being, by this Means, ſecure at Sea, ſhould free his Attorney, writ a Letter
they proceeded with more Vigaur at from Royſton, when he was in his
Land; and, though they thought it Way to York, to the Lord Keeper ;
not yet ſeaſonable to execute their Or- in which he told him, That the Ar-
dinance for the Militia with any Form ticles which had been preferred against
and Pomp, they directed, underhand, the Members, were, by himſelf deli-
their Agents and Emiffaries, That the vered to his Attorney General engroſſed
People, of lhumfilves, ſhould chooſe Cap- in Paper; and that he had then com-
tains and Officers, and train under the manded him to accuſe thoſe Perſons,
Name of Voluntiers; which begun to
be pračtiſed in many Places of the and othir Miſdemeanours ; and, in
Kingdom, but only in thoſe Corpora- bis Name to deſire a Committee of Lords
tions, and by thoſe inferior People, might be appointed to take the Exami-
who were notorious for Faction, and nation of ſuch Witneſſes as ſhould be pro-
Schiſm in Religion. The King's De- duced, as formerly bad been done in
clarations, which were now carefully Cafes of like Nature, according to the
publiſhed, gave them fome Trouble, Juſtice of the Houſe.
and made great Impreſſion in ſober Though this Teſtimony of his Ma-
Men, who were moved with the Rea- jeſty's clearly abfolv'd him from the
fon, and in rich Men, who were Guilt, with which he was charged,
ſtartled at the Commands in them. yet it rather haftend the Trial, and
But that Clauſe in the King's Anſwer ſharpen’d the Edge, that was before
to their Declaration, preſented to him keen enough againſt him; and the
50
Day
1
X x
174
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Day of Tryal being come, when the a Petition delivered by thear in the be-
Members of the Commons, who were ginning of this King's Reign, upon the
appointed for the Proſecution, found Impriſonment of the Earl of Arundel ;
that Council was ready (which had in which it was acknowledged, that the
heen aſſigned by the Lords) for the Privileges of Parliament extended not
Defence of the Attorney General, to Treaſon, Felony, of Refuſal to find
they profeſſed, That they would admit Sureties for the Peace.
no Council; that it was below the Dig The undeniable Reaſons of his De-
nity of the Houſe of Commons to plead fence, prevailed fo far with the major
against fee'd Council; that whoſoever Part of the Houſe of Peers, though
preſumed to be of Council with a perſon the Proſecution was carried on with
accuſed by the Commons of England, all imaginable Sharpneſs, and Vehe-
should be taught better to know his Duty, mence by the Houſe of Commons,
and should have Cauſe to repent it. that the Queſtion being 'put, Whether
The Lords ſeem'd much moved with he ſhould be deprived of his Place of
this Reproach, that their Acts of Ju- Attorney ? Whether he ſhould be
dicature ſhould be queſtioned, and Fined to the King ? Whether he
the Council, which had been juſtly, ſhould pay Damages to the Perſons
and regularly aſſign'd by them, ſhould accuſed ? And, whether he ſhould
be threaten’d for ſubmitting to their be committed to the Tower? Which
Order. But that which troubled then were the ſeveral Parts of the Sentence,
moſt, was, that the Council, which which many of the Lords had preſſed
was aſſign'd by them, upon this Re. he ſhould undergo, the Negative pre-
reprehenſion, and Threat of the Com- vailed in every one of the Particulars;
mons, poſitively refuſed to meddle ſo that the Attorney was underſtood
further in the Buſineſs, or to make by all Men, who underſtood the Rules
any Defence for the Attorney. Hère- and Practice of Parliament, to be ab-.
upon, they put off the Tryal, and folutely abſolved from that Charge
commit to the Tower of London, Sir and Impeachment, by the Judgment
Thomas Beddingfield, and Sir Thomas of the Houſe of Peers.
Gardiner, for their contempt in re The Houſe of Commons expreſſed
fuſing to be of Council with the At- all poſſible Reſentment, and declared,
torney upon their Affignment: Stand- That they would not rest ſatisfy'd with
ers by, looking upon the Juſtice of the Judgment; and ſome Lords even
Parliament with leſs Reverence, to' of thoſe who had acquitted him, were
ſee the Subject, befween the contra very deſirous to find out an Expedient,
dictory, and oppoſite Commands of whereby the Houſe of Commons
both Houſes (the Diſpleaſure of ei- might be compounded with ; and it
ther being in!upportable) puniſhed was believed, that the Attorney him-
and impriſoned for doing, by one, ſelf was much ſhaken with the Tor-
what he was ſtreightly inhibited from rent of Malice and Prejudice, which
doing by the other.
the Houſe of Commons ſeem'd now
However, this Buſineſs gave only to threaten him with ; conceiving,
Reſpite for ſome Days to the Attor- That He and his Office now triumphed
ney, who was quickiy again called be over the whole Body, and not over fix
fore his Judges. To what was paf- Members only : And therefore, after
ſionately and unreaſonably objected ſome Days, the Houſe of Peers confi-
againſt him, Of Breach of Privilege dering, That this Diſcharge was but
end Scandal, he confidently alledg’d Negative, that he ſhould not be pu-
The Dilty of his Place : That his niſhed in this and that Degree'; and
Mlefter's Command was Warrant for that he had no Abſolution from the
cebat he had done ; and that he had Crimes, with which he was charged,
been juftly puniſhable if he had refuſed proceeded to a new Judgment (con-
to do it, when commanded; that there trary to all Courſe and Practice of
bait never been a Pretence of Privilege Parliament, or of any Judicial Court)
in Caſe of Treofon, the contrary where- and complying with all their other
of was not only underſtood by the Law, Votes, reſolvd, by Way of Judg .
Vit had been by themſelves confeled, in ment upon him, That he ſhould be diſ-
abled
in the Reign of King. CHARLES I.
175
i
+
abled from ever being a Parliament and conceiving that the ſame would
Man ; incapable of any Place of Ju- prove very prejudicial to the City of
dicature, or other Preferment, than. of. London, of which he was a Member,
Attorney General; which they could be had joyn'd with many other Citizens,
not deprive him of, by reaſon of the of known Ability and Integrity, in a
former Vote : And, That be should Petition against ſo great an Inconve-
be committed to the Priſon of the Fleet. nience; which, be preſumed, was law-
Which Sentence was with all Forma- ful for him to do. How reaſonable
lity pronounced againſt him, and he ſoever this Defence was, the Houſe
committed to the Fleet accordingly : of Peers adjudged him to be Disfran-
With which Sentence the Commons chiſed, and incapable of any Office in
were no more ſatisfy'd than with the the City; to be committed to the Com-
Former ; fome of them looking that mon Goal of Colcheſter (for his Repu-
their Favourite, the Sollicitor, ſhould tation was ſo great in London, that
have the Place of Attorney ; others, they would not truſt him in a City
that the accured Members ſhould re P.ifon) and Find him three thouſand
ceive ample Damages by Way of Re-
Pounds.
paration ; without which they could All Sorts of Men being thus terri.
not think themſelves ſecure from the fy'd, the Commons remember'd, that
like Attempts.
a great Magazine of the King's Am-
Having, by this extraordinary and munition lay ſtill at Hull and
exemplary Proceeding, fortify'd their though the Town was in the Cuſtody
Privileges againſt ſuch Attempts, and of a Confident of their own, yet they
ſecured their Perſons from being ac were not willing to venture ſo great a
cuſed, or proceeded againſt by Law, Treaſure ſo near the King, who con-
they uſed to leſs Severity, againſt all tinued at York, with a great Reſort of
thoſe who prefumed to queſtion the Perſons of Honour and Quality from
Juſtice, or Prudence of their Actions, all Parts; and therefore they reſolv’d,
eſpecially againſt thoſe, who, follow- under Pretence of ſupplying Ireland,
ing the Method that had done ſo much to remove it ſpeedily from thence;
Hurt, drew the People to petition for and moved the Lords, to joyn with
that which they had no Mind to them in an order to that Purpoſe.
grant; and in this Proſecution they The Lords, who proceeded with leſs
were not leſs ſevere, and vehement, Fury, and more Formality, deſired,
than againſt the higheſt Treaſon that That it might be done with the King's
could be imagined.
Confent. After a long Debate, the
Upon the Petition mention'd befote, one thinking they meritted much by
that was framed in London againſt, that Civility, the other contented to
their ſettling the Militia, they com- gratify thoſe in the Ceremony, who,
mitted one George Binion, a Citizen they knew, would in the End concur
of great Reputation for Wealth and with them, a Petition was agreed up-
Wiſdom, and who was indeed a very on to be ſent to his Majeſty, telling
ſober Man. After he had lain ſome him, That they found the Stores of Arms,
Time in Priſon, the Lords, according and Ammunition in the Tower of Lon-
to Law, baild him ; but the Com- don much diminiſhed ; and that the Ne-
mons cauſed him the next Day to be ceffity for Supply of his Kingdom of Ire-
recommitted, and preferr'd an Im- land (for which they had been ifſued
peachment againſt him, for no other from thence) daily increaſed; and that
Crime, but adviſing and contriving the Occaſion, for which the Magazine
that Petition. The Gentleman de was placed at Hull, was now taken
fended himſelf, Thi it was always away, and conſidering it would be kept
held to be laceful, in a modest Way, to at London with leſs Charge, and more
Petition for the Removal, or Preven- Safety, and tranſported thence with
tion of any Grievance : That obſerv- much more Convenience for the Service
ing very many Petitions to be delivered, of the Kingdom of Ireland; they there-
and received, for the ſettling the Mi- fore humbly prayed, that his Majeſty
litia, in another Way than was agree- would be graciouſly pleaſed to give leave,
able to the Law, or bad been prattiſed, that the ſaid Arms, Cannon, and Am-
munition,
176 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
our own
munition, now in the Magazine of and convenient from the Place they are
Hull, might be removed to the Tower now in.
of London, according as ſhould be di The King finding his. Court full of
rected by both his Houſes of Parliament ; Perſons of Q.lality of the Country,
To which Petition his Majeſty imme- who made all Expreſſions of Affection
diately returned Anſwer in theſe and Duty, which they thought would
Words ;
be moſt acceptable to him, reſolv'd
We rather expeeted, and have done to undertake an Enterprize, which
long, that you mould have given Us an was in truth the fole Motive of his
Account, why a Garriſon hath been Journey into thoſe Parts. The great
placed in our Town of Hull, without Magazine of Arms and Ammunition,
our Confent, and Soldiers billetted which was left upon the diſbanding
there against Law, and expreſs Words the Army, remained ſtill at Hull, and
of the Petition of Right; than to be was a nobler Proportion than remain-
moved, for the avoiding of a needleſs ed in the Tower of London, or all
Charge you have put upon yourſelves, to other his Majeſty's Stores ; and there
give our Conſent for the Removal of our had been formerly a Purpoſe to have
Magazine and Munition,
ſecured the ſame by the Eurl of New-
proper Goods, upon ſuch general Reaſons caftle's Preſence there, which had been
as indeed give no Satisfaction to our diſappointed, as hath been before
Judgment : And ſince you have made mention’d, and Sir John Hotham fent
the Buſineſs of Hull your Argument, thither to look to it: Who was now
We wouli gladly be informed, why our there only with one of the Companies
own Inclination, on the general Ru- of the Traind-Bands; and ſo the
mour of the Deſigns of Papiſts in the King refolv'd that he would himſelf
Northern Parts, was not thought ſuf- make a Journey thither, with his own
ficient Ground for us to put a Perſon of ufual Train ; and being there, that
Honour, Fortune, and unblemiſhed Rem he would ſtay there, till he had fecu-
putation, into a Town and Fort of our red the Place to him. This was his
own, where our own Magazine lay: Purpoſe, which he concealed to that
And yet the ſame Rumour be Warrant Degree, that very few about him knew
enough for you'to commit the fame Town any thing of it.
and Fort, without our Conſent, to the As ſoon as it was known that his
Hinds of Sir John Hotham, with a Majeſty meant to reſide at York, it
Power unagreeable to the Law of the was eaſily ſuſpected, that he had an
Land, or the Liberty of the Subject. Eye upon that Magazine ; and there-
And yet of this, in point of Right, fore they made an Order in both
or Privilege, for ſure we are not with- Houſes, That the Magazine fould be
out Privilege 100, we have not all this remcu'd from Hull to the Tower; and
while' complained ; and being confident Ships were making ready fyr the
that the Place, whatſoever Diſcourſe Tranſportation ; ſo that his Majeſty
there is of publick or private Inſtruc- could no longer defer the Execution
tions to the contrary, shall be ſpeedily of what he deſign'd. And, being
given up, if we ſhall require it, 'we perſwadled, by Tome who believ'd
hall be contented to diſpoſe our Munition themſelves, that if he went thither, it
there, as we have done in other Places, would neither be in Sir John Hotham's
for the publick Eaſe and Benefit, es, Will, nor his Power, to keep him
upon particular Advice, we ſhall find out of that Town; and thit, being
convenient; though we cannot think it poffeffed of ſo conſiderable a Poft,
fit, or conſent, that the whole Mage- and of the Magazine there, he ſhould
gine be removed together. But when find a better Temper towards a Mo-
you ſhall agree upon ſuch Proportions, deſt and Dutiful Treaty ; his Majeſty
as ſhall be held neceſſary for any parti- took the Opportunity of a Petition
cılar Service, we all ſign ſuch War- preſented to him by the Gentlemen
rants as ſhall be agreeable to Wiſdorn of Yorkſhire (who in Truth were much
and Reaſon; and if any of them be de- troubled at the Order for removing
Siya'd for Ulſter or Lemſter, you know the Magazine from Hull; and were
well the Corrveyance will be more eaſy, ready to appear in any Thing for his
Service)
*
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 177
1
Service) in which They deſired him to vent any poſſible Rupture into Arms:
cast his Eye, and Thoughts upon the He was now in great Confuſion; and
Safety of his own Perſon, and 'bis calling ſome of the chief Magiſtrates,
Princely ijue, and that whole County, and other Officers together to conſult,
a great Means whereof, they ſaid, did they perſwaded him, not to ſuffer the
conſist in Arms, and Ammunition at King to enter into the Town. And
Hull, placed there by his Princely Care his Majeſty coming within an Hour
and Charges and fince, upon general after his Meſſenger, found the Gate
Apprehenſions of Dangers from Foreign ſhut, and the Bridges drawn, and the
Parts, thought fit to be continued : Walls mann'd; all Things being in
Aird they did very earneſtly beſeech him, a Readineſs for the Reception of an
that he would take ſuch Courſe, that it Enemy. Sir John Hotham himſelf
might ſtill remain there, for the better from the Walls, with ſeveral Profef-
ſecuring thoſe, and the rest of the Nor- fions of Duty, and many Expreſſions
thern Parts. Hereupon, he reſolv'd. of Fear, telling his Majeſty, That he
to go thither himſelf; and, the Night durst not open the Gates, being truſted
before, he ſent his Son the Duke of by the Parliament; the King told
York, who was lately. arrived from him, That he believ'd be had no Order
Richmond, accompanied with the from the Parliament to shut the Gates
Prince Elector thither, with ſome. against him, or to keep him out of the
other Perſons of Honour ; who knew Town. He replied, That his Train
no more, than thaỊ it was a Journey was so great, that if it were admitted,
given to the Pleaſure, and Curioſity be ſhould not be able to give a good Ac-
of the Duke. Sir John Hothamn re count of the Town. Whereupon the
ceiv'd them with that Duty and Ci- King offer'd to enter with twenty Horſe
vility that became him: The next only, and that the reſt ſhould ſtay
Morning early, the King took Horſe without: The which the other refu-
from York; and attended with two ſing, the King deſired him, To come
or three hundred of his Servants, and to him, that he might confer with him,
Gentlemen of the Country, rode thi- upon his Princely Word of Safety, and
ther : And, when he came within a Liberty to return. And when he ex-
Mile of the Town, ſent a Gentleman cuſed himſelf likewiſe from that, his
to Sir John Hotham, To let him know Majeſty told him, That as this Act of
that the King would that. Day dine bis was unparalleld, so it would pro-
with him ; with which he was ſtrange- duce ſome notable Effect ; that it was
ly ſurpriſed, or feeni'd to be fo. not poſſible for him to ſit down by ſuch
The Man was of a fearful Nature, an Indignity, but that he would imme-
and perplexed Underſtanding, and diately proclaim bim Traytor, and pro-
could better reſolve upon Deliberation ceed against him as ſuch ; that this
than on a ſudden; and many were of Diſobedience of his would probably bring
Opinion, that if he had been prepared many Miſeries upon the Kingdom, and
dexteroully before-hand, and in Con- much Loſs of Blood; all which might
fidence, he would have conformed to be prevented, if be performed the Duly
the King's Pleaſure; for he was Ma- of a Subject; and therefore adviſed
ſter of a noble Fortune in Land, and him to think of it, and to prevent the
rich in Money ; of a very antient Fa- neceſſary Growth of so many Calamities,
mily, and well Allied; his Affections which must lie all
upon bis Conſcience.
to the Government very good ; and The Gentleman, with much Diſtrac-
no Man leſs deſired to ſee the Nation tion in his Looks, talked confuſedly
involv'd, than he : And, when he of the Truſt he had from the Parlia-
accepted this Employment from the ment; then fell upon his Knees, and
Parliament, he never imagined it wilhed, That God would bring Confu-
would engage' him in Rebellion ; but fion upon Him, and His, if he were
believed, that the King would find it not a Loyal and Faithful Subječt to hie
neceſſary to comply with the Advice Majeſty ; but in Concluſion, plainly
of his two Houſes; and that the pre- denied to ſuffer his Majeſty to come
ſerving thắt Magazine from being into the Town. Whereupon, the
poffefied by him, would likewiſe pre- King cauſed him immediately to be
pro-
51
Y Y
178
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
proclaim'd a Traytor ; which the Attempt of the Papiſts, that they never
other receivd with ſome Expreſſions intended to diſpoſe, and maintain it
of Undutifulneſs and Contempt. And against. Him, their Sovereign. There-
ſo the King, after the Duke of York, fore, he reqaired them forthwith (for.
and the Prince Elector, with their the Buſineſs would admit no Delay) to
Retinue, were come out of the Town, take ſome ſpeedy Courſe, that bis ſaid
where they were kept fome Hours, Town and Magazine might be imme-
was forced to retire that Night to Be- diately delivered up unto him.
verly, four Miles from that Place; and Inſtead of any Anſwer to his Ma-
the next Day returned to York, full of jeſty upon theſe two Meſſages, or fad-
Trouble and Indignation for the Af: ly conſidering how this Breach might
front he had received; which he be made up, they immediately publiſh
foreſaw would produce a very great ſeveral Votes and Reſolutions, by
deal of Miſchief.
which they declared,
The King ſent an Expreſs to the That
, Sir John Hotham had done
two Houſes with a Meffage, declaring nothing but in Obedience to the Com-
what had paſſed; and, That Sir John mands of both Houſes of Parliament,
Hotham bad juſtify'd bis Treaſon and and that the declaring bim 'a Traytor,
Diſloyalty, by Pretence of an Order and being a Member of the Houſe of Con-
Trust from them; which as he could mons, was a high Breach of the Privi-
not produce, so, bis Majeſty was confi- lege of Parliament, and being without
dent, they would not own ; but would due proceſs of Law, was against the
be highly ſenſible of the Scandal he had Liberty of the Subject, and against the
laid upon them, as well as of his Diſoy- Law of the Land.
alty to his Majeſty, and therefore he And hearing at the ſame time,
demanded Juſtice of them against him, that a Letter coming from Hull to
according to Law. The Houſes had them the Night after the King's being
heard before of the King's going out there, had been intercepted by ſome
of York thither, and were in a terrible of his Majeſty's Servants, they declar-
Apprehenſion that he had poffeffed ed, That all ſuch intercepting of any
himſelf of the Town ; and that Sir Letters ſent to them was a bigb Breach
John Hotham, by Promiſes or Mena- of the Privilege of Parliament, which
ces, had given up the Place to him ; , by the Laws of the Kingdom, and the Pro-
and, with this Apprehenſion, they “ teſtation, they were bound to defend
were exceedingly dejected; but when , with their lives, and their Fortunes,
they heard the Truth, and found that 'and to bring the Violator thereof to con-
Hull was ſtill in their Hands, they dign Puniſhment. Then they orderd
were equally exalted, magnifying their that the Sheriffs, and the Juſtices of
truſty Governor's Faith, and Fidelity the Peace of the Counties of York, and
againſt the King. In the mean Time, Lincoln, and all other his Majeſty's
the Gentlemen of the North expreſſed Officers, ſhould ſuppreſs all Forces,
a marvellous Senſe and Paſſion on his that ſhould be raiſed or gathered toge
Majeſty's Behalf; and offer'd to raiſe ther in thoſe Counties, either to force
the Force of the County to take the the Town of Hull, or ſtop the Paſſa-
Town by Force. But the King choſe, ges to, and from the fame, or in any
for many Reaſons, to ſend again to wife diſturb the Kingdom's Peace,
the Houſes another Meffage, in which In the mean Time, the King omit-
he told them,
ted no Opportunity to provide againſt
That He was so much concernid in the Storm he ſaw was coming; and,
the undutiful Affront be had receiv- though he might not yet own the
ed from Sir John Hotham at Hull, Apprehenſion of that Danger he really.
that he was impatient till be receiv'd found himſelf in, he neglected not the
Juſtice from them; and was compelled Proviſion of what he thought moſt
to call again for an Anſwer, being con- neceſſary for his Defence; he cauſed
fident, however they had been ſo care- all his Declarations, Meſſages, and
ful, though without his Conſent, to put Anſwers, to be induſtriouſly Commu-
a Garriſon into that bis Town, to fe- nicated throughout his Dominions ;
cure it, and his Magazine against any of which he found good Effects; and,
by
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
179
by their Reception, diſcover'd that Train'd-Bands of London, conſiſting of
the People univerſally were not ſo ir- above 'eight thouſand Soldiers, diſpo-
recoverably poiſon'd, as he before had ſed into fix Regiments, and under
Cauſe to fear : He cauſed private ſuch Captains and Colonels, as they
Intimations to be given, and Inſinu- had Cauſe to Confide in. At this firſt
ations to be made to the Gentry, That triumphant Muſter, the Members of
Their Preſence would be acceptable to both Houſes appear'd in groſs; there
him; and to thoſe, who came to him, being a Tent purpoſely ſet up for
he uſed much gracious Freedom, and them, and an Entertainment at the
expreſſed all poſſible Demonſtrations, Charge of the City to the Value of
that he was glad of their Attendance :. near a thouſand Pounds; all Men
So that, in ſhort Time, the Reſort to preſuming, that this Example of Lon-
York was very great ; and, at leaſt; don, with ſuch Ceremony and Solem-
a good Face of a Court there. nity, would be eaſily follow'd through-
Beyond the Seas, the Queen was as out the Kingdom ; and many believ-
intent to do her Part; and to provide ing, they had made no ſmall Progreſs
that ſo good Company, as ſhe heard towards the End they aimed at, by
was daily gather'd together about the having engaged the very Body of the
King, ſhould not be diſſolved for City in a Guilt equal to their own.
Want of Weapons to defend one ano The King now ſaw the Storm com-
ther : And therefore, with as much ing apace upon him, and that he was
Secrecy, as could be uſed in thoſe ſo far from being like to have Huli
Caſes, and in thoſe Places where ſhe reſtored to him, that the Garriſon
had ſo many Spies upon her, ſhe cau- there daily increaſed, and forced the
fed, by the Såle or Pawning of her Country to ſubmit to ſuch Commands;
own, and ſome of the Crown Jewels, as they pleaſed to lay on them ; and
a good Quantity of Powder and Arms that Sir John Hotham was more likely
to be in a Readineſs in Holland, againſt to be able to take York, than his Ma-
the Time that it ſhould be found ne- jeſty to recover Hull; he thought it,
'ceſſary to tranſport it to his Majeſty : therefore, high Time, by their Ex-
So that both Sides, whilſt they enter- ample, to put himſelf into a Poſture
tain'd each other with Diſcourſes of of Defence; the Danger being much
Peace, provided for that War, which more imminent to his Majeſty, than
they ſaw would not be prevented. to thoſe who had begot that Ordi-
Hitherto the greateſt
Acts of Hofti- nance.
Hereupon,
a publick
lity, ſaving that at Hull, were per- Meeting of the Country, his Majeſty
form'd by Votes, and Orders ; for declared, That he was reſolv'd in re-
there was yet no viſible formal Execu- gard of the publick Diſtempers, and the
tion of the Ordinance for the Militia, Neighbourhood of Hull, to have a
in any one County of England: For Guard for his Perſon ; but of ſuch Perfil
the Appearance of Voluntiers in ſome fons, and with ſuch Circumſtances, as
factious Corporations was rather coun- mould adminifter no Occaſion of Jealouſy
tenanced, than poſitively directed and to the most Suſpicious ; and wished the
enjoyn’d by the Houſes : And moſt Gentlemen of Quality; who attended,
Places pretended an Authority, grant- to conſider, and adviſe of the Way :
ed by the King in the Charters, by Who ſhortly after expreſſed a great
which thoſe Corporations were erect- Alacrity to comply with his Majeſty's
ed, of conſtituted, but now they Deſire, in whatſoever ſhould be pro-
thought it Time to ſatisfy the King, poſed to them; and a Senſe, That
and the People, that they were in they thought a ſufficient Guard was very
earneſt, and reſolved, That, on the neceſſary for the Security of his Majeſty's
Tenth of May, they would have all the Perſon. Hereupon, the King ap-
Train’d-Bands of London Mufter'd in pointed ſuch Gentlemen as were wil-
the Fields, where that Exerciſe uſually ling, to Liſt themſelves into a Troop
was porform’d; and accordingly, on of Horſe, and made the Prince of
that Day, their own 'new Officer, Wales their Captain ; and made
Serjeant-Major-General Skippon, ap. Choice of one Regiment of the
pear'd in Finſbury Fields, with all the Train’d-Bands, conſiſting of about ſix
hundred ,
$
at
180
The Hiſtory of the Reqellion
Own
hundred, whom he cauſed every Accuſing the Members, had loſt all
Saturday, to be paid at his his Vigour, and inſtead of making
Charge; when he had little more in any Oppoſitions to any of their extra-
his Coffers, than would defray the vagant Debates, he had privately ſuf.
weekly Expence of his Table : And fer'd all Things to be carried ; and
this Troop, with this Regiment, was not only declined the performing the
the Guard of his Perſon ; it being Office the King had enjoyn’d him,
firſt declar'd by his Majeſty, That no with Reference to the Earls of Eſſex
Perſon Mould be ſuffer'd, either in te and Holland (before mention'd) but
Troop, or the Regiment, who did not, very much complied with, and court-
before his Admiſion into the Service, ed that Party of both Houſes, which
take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supre- frequently reſorted to him ; and of
macy ; that ſo he might be free from late in a Queſtion, which had been
the Scandal of entertaining Papifts for put in the Houſe of Peers, in the
his Security.
Point of the Militia, he had given his
But this Caution would not ſerve; Vote both againſt the King and the
the Fears and Jealouſies were capable Law, to the infinite Offence and
of no other Remedies, than ſuch as Scandal of all thoſe who adhered to
were preſcribed by thoſe Phyſicians, the King.
who were practiſed in the Diſeaſe. He was a Man of great Reputation
As ſoon as the Intelligence was arriv'd in the Profeſſion of the Law; for
at London, that the King actually had Learning, and all other Advantages,
a Guard, both Houſes publiſhed theſe which attend the moſt eminent Men;
three Votes, and diſperſed them. he was of a very good Extraction in
1. That it aspeard, that the King, Shropſhire, and inherited a fair For-
ſeduced by wicked Counſel, intended to tune, and Inheritance from his Fa-
make War agaiust the Parliament; ther; he 'was a handſome, and a
who, in all their Conſultations and proper Man, of a very graceful Pre-
Astions, had propoſed no other End fence, and notorious for Courage,
unto themſelves, but the care of his which, in his Youth, he had mani-
Kingdoms, and the Performance of all feſted with his Sword; he had taken
Duty, and Loyalty to his perfon. great Pains in the hardeſt, and moſt
2. That whenfoever the King maketh knotty Part of the Law, as well as that
War upon the Parliament, it is a which was more cuſtomary, and was
Breach of the Trust repoſed in him by 'not only very ready and expert in the
bis People ; contrary to his Oath; and Books, but exceedingly verſed in Re-
tending to the Diſolution of the Goverit- cords, in ſtudying and examining
whereof, he had kept Mr. Selden
3. That whoſoever fall ſerve biin, company, with whom he had great
or afist him in ſuch Wars, are Traytors Friendſhip, and who had much aſliſt-
by the Fundamental Laws of the King- ed him ; ſo that he was looked upon as
dom; and have been ſo edjudged by two the beſt Antiquary of the Profeſſion,
Afts of Perliament, 2 Rich. II. and who gave himſelf up to Practice; and,
i Hen. IV. and ought to ſuffer as upon the meer Strength of his own
Trartors.
Abilities, he had raiſed himſelf into
About this Time, there happen'd the firſt Rank of the Practicers in the
an Accident, that gave them much Common Law Courts, and was cho-
Trouble, and the more, becauſeunlook- fen Recorder of London before he was
ed for, by the Lord Keeper's quitting called to the Bench, and grew preſent-
them and reſorting, to York, by which ly into the higheſt Practice in all the
the King got the Poſſeſſion of his own other Courts, as well as thoſe of the
Great Seal; which by all Parties was, Law. When the King looked more
at that Tiine, thought å moſt confi- narrowly into the Buſineſs, and found
derable Advantage.
The King was that he ſhould have much to do in
very much unſatisfy'd with the Lord Weſtminſter-Hall, he removed, an old,
Keeper Littleton ; . who did not ap- uſeleſs, illiterate Perſon, who had
pear fo uſeful for his Service as he ex been put into that Office by the Fa-
pected, and, froin the Time of the your of the Duke of Buckingham, and
made
1
mient.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 181
Time he had the Great Seal, he Keeper had many Times taken No.
made Littleton his Sollicitor-General, neſs, which had ſeized upon hiin
much to his Honour, but not to his quickly after he was created a Baron,
Profit; the Obligation of Attendance inſomuch as every Man believed he
upon that Office, depriving him of would die ; and by this Means, he
niuch Benefit he uſed to acquire by did not attend the Houſe in ſome
his Practice, before he had that Re- Months; and ſo perform'd none of
lation. · Upon the Death of my Lord thoſe Offices toward the Earl of Straf-
Coventry, Finch being made Keeper, ford, the Expectation whereof haut
he was made Chief Juſtice of the been the ſole Motive to that Promo-
Common Pleas, then the beſt Office tion: From that Time he never
of the Law, and that which he was did appear the ſame Man; but ſure
wont to ſay, in his higheſt Ambition, there were other Cauſes for it, and he
in his own private Wiſhes, he had was pofleffed with ſome melancholy
moſt deſired; and it was indeed the Apprehenſions, which he could not
Sphere in which he moved moſt grace- maſter, and had no Friend to whom
fully, and with moſt Advantage, be- he durft entirely communicate them.
ing a Maſter of all that Learning and Mr. Hyde, one of thoſe who was
*Knowledge, which that Place requi- moſt truſted by the King in the Houſe
red, and an excellent Judge, of great of Commons, and had always a great
Gravity, and above all Suſpicion of. Reſpect for the Keeper, was as much
Corruption.
troubled at his Behaviour, as any
Whilft he held this Place, he was Mans and uſing frequently to go to
by the Favour of the Arch-Biſhop of him, went upon that Occaſion; and
Canterbury, and the Earl of Strafford, with great Freedom and Plainneſs,
who had a great Eſteem of him, re told him, How much he had lost the
– commended to the King to be called Eſteem of all Good Men, and that the
to the Council Table, where he kept King could not but be exceedingly diſa-
up his good Name; and, upon the tisfyed with him; and diſcourſed over
Lord Finch's leaving the Kingdom, the Matter of that Vote. Though he
in the beginning of the Parliament, did not know, that the King did at
he was thought, in many Reſpects, to that Time put ſo great a ſecret Truſt
be the fitteſt to be entruſted in that in Mr. Hyde, yet he knew very well,
Office; and, upon the Deſire of the that the King had a very good Opi-
Earl of Strafford after he was in the nion of him, and had heard his Ma-
Tower, was created a Baron, out of jeſty often, from the beginning of the
Expectation that, by his Authority Parliament, when the Diſcourſe hap-
and Knowledge of the Law, he would pen’d to be of the Lawyers of the
have been of great Uſe in reſtraining Houſe, take an Occaſion from thence
thoſe extraordinary, and unwarrant to mention Mr. Hyde, as a Man of
able Proceedings; but, from the whom he heard very well ; which the
feem'd to be out of his Element, and tice of to him : And then he knew
in fome Perplexity and Irreſolution in the Friendſhip that was between the
the Chancery itſelf, though he had Lord Falkland and Mr. Hyde, and
great Experience in the Practice, and had heard the many Jealouſies which
Proceedings of that Court; and made were contracted, upon the great Com-
not that Diſpatch, that was expected, munication he had with the two new
at the Council Table; and in the Par Counſellors; and ſo no doubt believ-
liament he did not preſerve any Dig- ed, that he knew much of the King's
nity; and appear’d ſo totally difpi- Mind. So that as ſoon as he had en-
rited, that few Men ſhewed any Re- ter’d upon this Diſcourſe, which he
ſpect to him, but they who roft op- heard with all Attention (they being
pored the King, who indeed did ex- by themſelves in his Study, at Exeter
ceedingly apply themſelves to him, Houſe) he roſe from his Chair, and
and were with equal Kindneſs re went to the Door ; and finding ſome
ceiv'd by hiny.' This wonderful Al- Perſons in the next Room, he bad
teration in him, his Friends believed them to withdraw; and locking both
to have proceeded from a great Sick- the Door of that Room, and of his
52
Study,
*
Z z
Z Z
5
182
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Study, he ſat down himſelf, and mak- should always receive it, for the Execu:
ing Mr. Hyde ſit down too, he begun, tion of his Office; they beving no Pur-
With giving him many Thanks for his poſe to diſoblige him. And the Know-
Friendſhip to him, which, he ſaid, be ledge he had of this Conſultation, and
had ever eſteemid, and he could not Fear he had of the Execution of it, bad
more manifest the Esteem be had of it been the Reaſon, why in the late Debate
and him, than by uſing that Freedom upon the Militia, he had given his Vote
again with him, which be meant to do in ſuch a Manner, as he knew, vould
Then he lamented his own Condition ; make very ill Impreſſions with the King,
and that he had been preferr'd from the and many others who did not know hin
Common Pleas, where he knew both the very well; but that, if he had not, in
Buſineſs and the Perſons he had to deal that Point, ſubrnitted to their Opinion,
with, to the other high Office be now the Seal had been taken from him that
held, which obliged him to converſe and Night; whereas by this Complyence in
tranfa&t with another Sort of Men, who that Vote, which could only prejudice
were not known to bim, and in Affairs, himſelf, and not the King, he had
gotten
which he underſtood not, and had not so much into their Confidence, that be
one Friend among them, with whom he should be able to preſerve the Seal in
could confer upon any Doubt, which oc- his own Hends, till the Kingerequired
curred to him.
it; and then he would be as ready to
He ſpoke then of the unhappy attend bis Majeſty with it.
State and Condition of the King's Bu Mr. Hyde was very well. pleaſed
ſineſs; how much he had been, and with this Diſcourſe; and aſked him,
was ſtill, betrayed by Perſons who whether he would give him Icave;
were about him ; and with all poſſi- when there ſhould be a fit Occaſion,
ble Indignation againſt the Proceed to aſſure the King, that he would
ings of the Parliament ; and ſaid, perform this Service, when the King
They would never do this, if they were Thould require it ? He deſired, That
not reſolved to do more : That he knew he would do ſo, and paſs his Word
the King too well, and obſerved the for the Performance of it, as ſoon as
Carriugo of particular Men too much, his Majeſty pleaſed ; and ſo they
and the wñole Current of publick Tranſ- parted.
actions theſe last. five or fix Months, It was within very few Days after,
not to foreſee that it could not be long, that the King, , exceedingly diſpleaſed
before there would be a War between and provoked with the Keeper's Be-
the King and the two Houſes ; and of haviour, fent an Order to the Lord
the Importance, in that Seafon, that Falkland, To require the Seal from him;
the Great Seal hould be with the King. ' in which the King was very poſitive,
Then he fell into many Expreſſions of though he was not reſolved to what
his Duty, and Affection to the King's Hand to commit it; hereupon Mr.
Perſon, as well as to his high Degree; Hyde told him the Conference he had
and, That no Man ſhould be more ready, with the Keeper, and the Profeſiions
to periſh with, and for his Majeſty, he had made ; and was very confi-
than he would be ; that the Prospect he dent, that he would very punctually
bad of this Neceſſity, had made him perform it; and therefore propoſed,
carry himſelf towards that Party with that, they might likwiſe adviſe bis Ma-
so much Complyance, that he might be jeſty to ſuſpend bis Reſolution concerning
gracious with them, at least, that they the Lord Keeper, and not to avrite
might have no Diſtrust of him; which, kindly to him, to brico. Seal to his
he knew, many had endeavoured to in- Majeſty, inſtead of funding for ibe Seal
fuſe into them; and that there had been itſelf, and cast him off and offer'd
a Conſultation within few Days, whe to venture his own Credit with the
ther, in regard he might be ſent for by King, that the Keeper would comply
the King, or that the Seal might be ta with his Majeſty's Commands. But
ken from him, it would not be best to he was not of his Opinión ; and liad
appoint the Seal to be kept in ſome ſuch no Eſteem of the Keeper, nor believ-
ſecure Place, as that there might be no ed, that he would go to his Majeſty,
Danger of loſing it; and that the Keeper if he were ſent for, but that he would
find
$
in the Reign of King CHARLES İ.
183
find ſome Trick to excuſe himſelf; continued to ſee the Keeper frequent-
and therefore were not willing, that ly, and was confirm'd in his Confi-
Mr. Hyde ,ſhould venture his Reputa- •dence of his Integrity, went now to
tion upon it. He deſired them then, him; and finding him firm to his
to conſider how abſolutely neceſſary it Reſolution, and of Opinion, in regard
was, that the King ſhould firſt reſolve of the high Proceedings of the Hou-
into what Hind to put the Seal, be- ſes, that it fhould not be long de-
fore he removed it ; for that it could ferr’d; he told him, That he might
not be unimploy'd one Hour, but that expect a Meſſenger the next Week, and
the whole Juſtice of the Kingdom that he ſhould once more ſee him, when
would be put out of Order, and draw he would tell bin, the Day; and that
a greater and a juſter Clamour, than he would then go himſelf away before
had been yet :
That there was as him to Yorks with which he was
much Care to be taken, that it ſhould much pleaſed, and it was agreed,
not be in the Power of any Man to that it was now Time, that he ſhould
refuſe it; which would be yet more be gone (the King having ſent for
prejudicial to his Majeſty. He deſi- him fome Time before) after a Day
red them above all, to weigh well, or two.
that the Buſineſs conſiſted only in On the Saturday following, between
having the Great Seal in the Place two and three of the Clock in the Af-
where his Majeſty reſolved to be; ternoon, Mr. Elliot, a Groom of the
and if the Keeper would keep his Pro- Bed-Chamber to the Prince, came to
miſe, and deſired to ſerve the King, the Keeper, and found him alone in
it would be unqueſtionably the beſt the Room where he uſed to fit, and
Way, that He and the Seal were both deliver'd him a Letter from the King
there : If, on the other side, he in his own Hand, wherein he requi-
were not an honeſt Min, and cared red him, with many Expreſſions of
not for offending the King, he would Kindneſs and Eſteem, To make bajte
then refuſe to deliver it ; and inform to him; and if his Indiſpoſition (for
the Lords of it: Who would juſtify he was often troubled with Gravel and
him for his Diſobedience, and reward Sharpneſs of Urine) would not ſuffer
and cheriſh him; and he muſt then him to make ſuch Hajte upon bis Four-
hereafter ferve Their turn; the Mif- ney, as the Occaſion required, thet be
chief whereof would be greater, than should deliver the Seal to the Perſon
could be eaſily imagined; and his who gave bim the Letter ; who, being
Majeſty's own Great Seal ſhould be a ſtrong young Man, would make ſuch
every Day uſed againſt him, nor Haſte as was neceſſary; and that be
would it be poſſible in many Months might make his own Journey, by thoſe
to procure a new one to be made. Degrees which his Health required.
Theſe Objections, appeard of The Keeper was ſurprized with the
Weight; and they reſolv'd to give an Meſſenger, whom he did not like;
Account of the whole to the King, and more when he found that he knew
and to expect his Order : And both the Contents of the Letter, which,
the Lord Falkland, and Mr. Hyde, 'he hoped, would not have been com-
writ' to his Majeſty, and ſent their municated to any Man, who ſhould
Letters away that very Night.
very Night. The be ſent :
He anſwer'd him with
King was ſatisfy'd with the Reaſons, much Reſervation, and when the
and was very glad that Mr. Hyde was other with Bluntneſs, as he was no
ſo Confident of the Keeper ; though, polite Man, demanded the Seal of
he ſaid, He remain'd fill in Doubt; him, which he had no thought of
end reſolvid that he would, ſuch a Day putting out of his own Hands: 'He
of the Week following, ſend for the anſwer'd him, That he would not de-
Keeper and the Seal; and that it ſhould liver it into any Hands, but the King's;
be, as had been adviſed, upon a San but preſently recollecting himſelf, and
iurday Afternoon, as ſoon as the looking over his Letter again, he
Houſe of Lords ſhould riſe ; becauſe quickly conſider'd, that it would be
then no Notice could be taken of it hazardous to carry the Seal himſelf
till Monday. Mr. Hyde, who had ſuch a Journey; and that if by any
Purſuit
1
184
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Purſuit of him, which he could not Houſe of Peers to be adjourn'd to 1
but ſuſpect,' he ſhould be ſeized upon, later Hour, in the Morning for Miin-.
the King would be very unhappily day, than it uſed to be. Sunday par-
diſappointed of the Seal, which he fed without any Man's taking notice
had Reaſon ſo much to depend upon; of the Keeper's being abſent ; and
and that his Misfortune would be many, who knew that he was not at
wholly imputed to his own Fault and his Houſe, thought he had been gone
Infidelity (which without doubt he to Cranford, to his Country Houſe,
abhorrd with his Heart) and the on whither he frequently went on Satur-
ly Way to prevent that Miſchief, or day Nights, and was early enough at
to appear innocent under it, was to the Parliament on Monday Mornings ;
deliver the Seal to the Perſon truſted and ſo the Lords the more willingly
by the King himſelf to receive it ; conſented to the later Adjournments
and ſo, without telling him any for thoſe Days. But on Monday
thing of his own Purpoſe, he deliver- Morning, when it was known when,
ed the Seal into his Hands; who and in what Manner he had left his
forthwith put himſelf on his Horſe, Houſe, the. Confuſion in both Houſes.
and with wonderful Expedition pre was very great ; and they who had
ſented the great. Seal into his Majeſty's thought that their Intereſt was ſo
own Hands, who was infinitely plea- great in him, 'that they knew all his
ſed with it, and with the Meſſenger. Thoughts ; and had valued them-
The Keeper, that Evening, pre- felves, and were valued by others,
tended to be indiſpoſed, and that he upon that Account, hung down their
would take his Reft early, and there- Heads, and were even diſtracted with
fore that no body ſhould be admitted Shame: However they could not but
to ſpeak with himn : And then he conclude, that he was out of their
called Serjeant Lée to him, who was Reach before the Lords met; yet to
the Serjeant who waited upon the Seal, thew their Indignation againſt him,
and in whom he had great Confidence, and it may be in Hope that his Infir-
as he well might; and told him free- mities would detain him long in the
ly, That he was reſolude the next Journey (as no body indeed thought
Morning, to go to the King, who had that he could have performed it, with
ſent for him; that he knew well, how that Expedition) they iſſued out ſuch
much Malicé he ſhould contract by it a Warrant for the apprehending him,
from the Parliament, which would uſe as had been in the Caſe of the fouleſt
all the Means they could to apprehend. Felon or Murderer ; and printed it,
him; and he himſelf knew not how he and cauſed it to be diſperſed by Ex-
jould perform the Journey, therefore preſſes, over all the Kingdom with
he put himſelf intirely into his Hands; great Haſte. All which Circumftan-
that he ſhould cauſe his Horſes to be ces both before, and after the Keep-
ready against the next Morning, and er's Journey to York, are the more
only his own Groom to attend them, and particularly, and at large fet down,
be to guide the best Way, and that he out of Juſtice to the Memory of that
would not impart it to any other perſon. noble Perſon; whoſe Honour fuffer'd
The honeſt Serjeant was very glad of then much in the Opinion of many,
the Reſolution, and chearfully under- by the confident Report of the Perſon,
took all Things for the Journey; and who was ſent for, and receiv'd the
ſo ſending the Horſes out of the Seal, and who was a loud and bold
Town, the Keeper put himſelf in his Talker, and deſired to have it believ-
Coach very early the next Morning, ed, that his Manhood had raviſhed
and as ſoon as they were out of the the great Seal from the Keefer, even
Town, he and the Serjeant, and one in ſpight of his Teeth ; which how
Groom, took their Horſes, and made impoſſible foever in itſelf, found too
ſo great a Journey that Day, it being much Credit; and is therefore clear-
about the beginning of June, that be- ed by this very true and punctual Re-
-fore the End of the third Day, he lation, which in truth is but due to
kiſſed the King's Hand at York. him.
He had purpoſely procured the Though the King now lived at
York
.
1
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
is
York in a much more princely Condi- ſturb, and croſs their Counſels, they
tion, than he could have hoped to provided, That no Man upon whom
have done near London; and had ſo that Sentence fell, ſhould fit again in
great a Train and Reſort of the No. the Houſe (though he paid his Fine) till
bility and Gentry, that there was not be had been examind by a Committee,
left a fifth Part of the Houſe of Peers and so given the Houſă Satisfa&tion in
at Weſtminſter, and truly. I do not be- the Cauſe of his Abſence. And, by
lieve, that there was near a Moiety. thoſe Means, they thought both to
of the Houſe of Commons who con remove the Scandal, that ſo many
tinued there ; yet his Majeſty made Members were abſent, and to pre-
no other uſe, for the preſent, of their vent any Inconvenience too, that
Preſence with him, and of their Ab. might befall them by their Return.
fence from the two Houſes, than to For they well knew, if the Members
have ſo many the more credible Wit- of both Houſes were obliged to a con-
neſſes of his Counſels and Carriage ; ftant and ſtrict Attendance, it would
and to undeceive the People by his not be poſſible that they could com-
clear Anſwers to all the Scandals and paſs their miſchievous Deſigns.
Reproaches which were laid on him, Then they proſecuted their great
and by his ample Profeſſions and Pro- Buſineſs of the Militia, not only near
teſtations of his ſincere Zeal to Reli- London, where they were in no Dan
gion, and Juſtice; and to make it ger of Oppoſition, but in thoſe Nor-
appear to them, how far the Quality thern Counties near his Majeſty, Lei-
and the Number of thoſe who thought, ceſterſhire, Cheſhire, Lincolnſhire,
or ſeem'd to think otherwiſe, was, where whoſoever refuſed to give Obe-
from what they might imagine it to dience to them, or publiſhed the
be. And it cannot be denied, but King's Declaration againſt their Pro
the People were every Day viſibly re- ceedings (for the King had yet pract:-
form’d in their Underſtandings, from fed no Expedient to prevent the
the ſuperſtitious Reverence they had Growth of that Miſchief, but the
paid the two Houſes ; and grew ſen- publiſhing his Proclamation againſt
ſible of their Duty to the King, and it) were ſent for as Delinquents; and
of thoſe Invaſions which were offer'd not ſatisfied herewith, that they
to his Regal Dignity.
might be as well able to pay an Army,
On the other side, the two Houſes as they found they ſhould be to raiſe
Nacken'd not their Pace a jot, pro- one, on the tenth of June (for the.
ceeded with great and unuſual Sharp- Time will be very neceſſary to be re-
neſs againſt thoſe Members who were member'd, that it may be the better
gone to the King; proclaiming ſome ſtated, Who took up the Defenſive
of them by Name, to be Enemies to Arms) they publiſhed Propoſitions,
the Kingdom, and by a Formal Judg. For the bringing in of Money or Plate
nient, ſentencing nine Peers together, to maintain Horſe, Horſe-men, and
to be incapable of ſitting agein in Par- Arms, for the Preſervation of the pub-
liament, whilst this ſhould continue : lick Peace, and for the Defence of the
The Houſe of Commons having car- King and both Houſes of Parliament ;
ried up an Impeachment of Miſde- the Reaſons and Grounds, whereof they
meanours againſt them (which was as declar'd to be the King's Intention to
illegal in point of Juſtice, and as extra make War against his Parliament ;
vagant in point of Privilege, as any That, under Pretence of a Guard for
thing they could do) for being abſent his Perſon, he had actually begun to
and refuſing to attend, upon a Summons levy Forces, both of Horſe and Foot ;
from the Houſe of Peers : And upon and ſent out Summons throughõut the
their own Members they impoſed a County of York, for the calling toge-
Fine of 1001. apiece, on every one ther of greater Numbers; and ſome ill
who was gone to the King, and upon affected Perſons, in other Parts, bad
thoſe, who being in other Places, been employed to raiſe Troops, under the
they thought were well affected to his Colour of his Majeſty's Service; making
Service : Yet, left they ſhould upon lerge Offers of Reward and Preferment
this Proceeding return again, to di- to fuch as would come in : That his
53
Aa á
Majeſty
S
186
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Majeſly did, with a high and forcible ready Money or Plate, or would usidera
Ilend, protect, and keep away Delin- write to furniſh and maintain any. Ņuma
quents, not permitting them to make ber of Horſe, Horſe-men, ånd Arms,
their Appcerance to anſwer Such Af- for the Preſervation of the Publick
fronts and Injuries, as had been by Peace, and for the Defence of the King,
them offer'd to the Perliament; and and both Houſes of Parliament, from
thoſe Meſſengers, which had been ſent Force and Violence, and to uphold the
fron the Houſes for them, had been a. Power and Privileges of Parliament
buſed, beaten, and impriſon’d, so as the according to his Proteſtation ; it should
Orders of Parliament, the highest be held a good and acceptable Service to
Court of Juſtice in thu Realm; were the Common-wealth, and a Teſtimony of
not obey'd; and the Authority of it was bis good Affeetion to the Proteſtant Re-
altogether ſcorn'd; and vilified; and ligion, the Laws, Liberties, and Peace
ſuch Perſons as ſtood well affeEted to it, of the Kingdom ; and to the Parlia-
and declar'd themſelves ſenſible of those ment, and Privileges thereof. And
publick Calamities, and of the Viola- they further declared, that whoſoever
tions of the Privileges of Parliament, brougħt in Money or Plate, vr furnifß'd
and Common Liberty of the Subject, and maintein'd Horſe, Horſe-men, and
were beffied, and injur'd by ſeveral Arms, upon theſe Propofitions, and to
Sorts of malignant Men, who were e- thoſe Purpoſes, pould be repaid their
bout the King ; Some whereof, under Money with Interest of eight per Cent;
the Name of Cavaliers, without having for which they did engage the Publick
reſpeEt to the Laws of the Land, or any Feith, and they appointed the Guild-
Fear either of God or Man, were rea Hall in London for the Place whither
dy to commit all manner of Outrage and this Money, or Plate, ſhould be brought;
Violence; which must needs tend to the and four Aldermen of London to be
Diſſolution of the Government ; the De- their Treaſurers for the receiving the
Struction of their Religion, Laws, Li: ſame. And laſtly, for their better En-
berties, Properties ; all which would couragement, the Members of both Hou-
be expoſed to the Malice and Violence of fes appointed & ſolemn Day to ſet down
ſuch deſperate Perſons, es must be im their own Subſcriptions ;, which they
ploy'd in so horrid and unnaturel an performed liberally.
Act, as the overthrowing a Parlia Moſt of thoſe who . abhor'd their
ment by Force; which was the Support, impious Deſigns, not thinking it law-
and Preſervation of them. Thoſe Par- ful for them to be preſent at ſuch
ticulars, they ſaid, being duly conſider'd Conſultations, withdrew before the
by the Lords and Cominons, and how Day came, or abſented themſelves
great an Obligation lay upon them, in then. . But many had the Courage to
Honour, Conſcience, and Duty, accord- be preſent, and ſtoutly to refuſe what
ing to the high Trust repoſed in them to they thought they could not honeſtly
uſe all poſible Means, in ſuch caſes, io conſent to. Sir Henry Killigrew, who
prevent ſo great and irrecoverable Evils, was a remarkable Enemy to all their
they had thought fit to publiſh their Devices, being call'd upon, told
Senſe; and Apprehenſion of that immi- them, If there were Occaſion, he would
nent Danger; thereby to excite all well provide a good Horſe, and a good
affe£ted Perſons, to contribute their best Sword; and made no Queſtion but be
Aſiſtence, according to their ſolenn pould find a good Cauſe. But, within
Vow and Proteſtation, to the Prepara- very few Days, both He, and all
tions neceſſary for the oppofing, and ſup- thoſe who were taken Notice of for
preſling of the trayterous Attempts of refuſing, found it ſafeſt for them to
iloje tvicked, and melignant Counſellors, leave the Town ; there being very
who fought to engage the King in jo dan- wviſibly great Animoſity againft then
gerous and deſtructive an Enterprize, both within, and without the Walls.
and the whole Kingdom in a Civil It was by many impatiently wo:-
Wir; and deſtroy the Privileges and der'd at, that notwithſtanding theſe
Being of Parliaments.
Invaſions, and Breaches upon the Re-
Therefore they decler'd that tuhofoe- gal Power, and all theſe vaſt Prepara-
ver should bring in any Proportion of tions to deſtroy him, the King, hi-
therto,
A
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
187
therto, put not himſelf into a Poſture of his former Guilt, he frankly diſco-
of Safety; or provided for the Reſiſt- ver'd whatſoever he had known of their
ance of that Power, which threaten’d Counſels ; and aggravated all the Ill
him ; and which, he could not but they had done, with declaring it to be
know, intended whatſoever it hath done to worſe and more horrid Ends,
ſince done ; and though they had not than many good Men believ'd to be
yet form’d an Army, and choſen a. poſſible for them to propoſe to them-
General, yet, he well knew, they felves.
had Materials abundantly ready for Notwithſtanding ; this glorious
the. Firſt, and particular, digeſted Convention was racher an Ornament
Reſolutions, in the Second; which to his Court, than any great Advan-
they could reduce to publick Ads tage to his Councils ; and the Uſe of
whenſoever they pleaſed. It is very them more to difcredit the ſmall Re.
true, he did know all this, and the mainder at Weſtminſter, and that the
unſpeakable Hazards he run, in not People might fee, the Number and
preparing againſt it. But the Hazards, Quality of the Diffenters, than that
which preſented themſelves anto him they contriv'd any thing to the active
on the other Side, were not leſs pro- Improvement of his Affairs ; every
digious : He had a very great Ap- Man thinking it higli Merit in him,
pearance of the Nobility; not only of that he abſented himſelf from the
thoſe, who had from the beginning Company and Place, where all the
walked, and govern'd themſelves by Miſchief was done; and that the keep-
the Rules the Law preſcribed, and, in ing himſelf negatively innocent, was as
that Reſpect, were unblameable to much as he ow'd his King and Coun-
King and People : But of others who try. I ani willing to impute it to the
had paſſionately and peeviſhly (to ſay drowſy and unactive Genius of the
no worſe) concurr'd in all the moit Kingdom (contracted by long Eaſe
violent Votes and Actions, which had and Quiet) which ſo much abhorr'd
been done from the beginning : For the Thoughts of a Civil War, that
beſides the Lord Spencer (who had it thought-a, lively and vigorous Pre-
been choſen their Lieutenant of Nor- paration againſt its was to invite it;
thamplonſhire, but was recover'd to a and there were very few of all the
right Underſtanding, of which he was great Lords, who did attend upon the
very capable, by his Uncle the Earl. King, who did not declare, That the
of Southamptom) the Lord Paget like- Parliament durst not in truth (whatſo-
wiſe, who had contributed all his Fa ever Shews they made in hope to make
culties to their Service, and to the bis Majeſty's
. Conſtency) make a War';
Prejudice of the King's from before and if they ſhould attempt it, the People
the beginning of the Parliament; had wtuld unanimouſly riſe for the King,
been one of their Teizers to broach who would be mošt ſafe by not intending
thoſe bold high Overtures, foberer his own Safely. Whereas, if he raiſet
Men were not; at firſt, willing to be Forces, the Parliament would procure
ſeen in; and had been, as a Man themſelves to be believ'd, ibat it was to
moſt worthy to be Confided in, cho- overthrow Religion, and ſuppreſs the
fen Lord Lieutenant of one of the Laws and Liberties of the People. But
moft Confiding Counties, the County that which made the Thought of raiſ-
of Buckingham (where he had, with ing Forces, abſolutely unreaſonable,
great Solemnity and Pomp, executed was, that the King had no Poſſibility
their Ordinarice, in Defiance of the to procure either Arms, or Munition,
King's Proclamation) and had fub- but from Holland; from whence he
fcribed a greater Number of Horſes daily expected Supply: And till that
for their Service, upon their Propoſi- ' arrivd, let his Provocations and Suf-
tions, than any other of the fame Qua- ferings be what they could be, he was
lity; convinced in his Conſcience, to ſubmit and bear it patiently.
fed from them, and beſought the The great Conflux that hath been
King's Pardon : And, for the better
And, for the better mention'd, of Men of all Conditions,
manifeſting the Tenderneſs of his and Qualities, and Humours, could
Compunction, and the Horror he had not continue long together at York,
without
188
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ment ;
without ſome Impatience, and Com- Affection for the King's Service, and
motion ; and moſt Men wonder’d, did all he could to diſpoſe the Statez
that there appear'd no Proviſions to to concern themfelves in his Majeſty's
be made towards a War; which they Quarrel ; yet his Authority, and In-
ſaw would be inevitable : And when tereft, was much diminiſh'd with the
the Levies of Soldiers under the Earl Vigour of his Body and Mind : And
of Elex, were haſten'd with ſo much the States of Holland were ſo far from
Vigour, that the King ſhould have no being inclin'd to the King; that they
Preparations towards an Army, than did him all the Miſchief they could.
a ſingle Troop of Guards made up of They had before aſſiſted the Rebellion
Gentlemen Voluntiers; who, all Men in Scotland, with giving them Credit
foreſaw, would quit the Troop, when for Arms and Ammunition, before
there ſhould be an Army: And ma- they had Money to buy any; and
ny do yet believe, that the King too they did afterwards; feveral Ways, dif:
long deferr'd his. Recourſe to Arms; cover their Affections to the Parlia-
and that if he had raiſed Forces upon
which had ſo many Spies
his firſt Repulſe at Hull, his Service there; that the Queen could do now
would have been very much advanc- thing they had not preſent Notice of;
ed; and that the Parliament would ſo that it was no eaſy Matter for the
not have been able to have drawn any Queen to provide Arms and Ammuni-
Army together. And ſo Men ſtill tion, but the Parliament had preſent
reproach the Councils which were then Notice of it, and of the Ways which
about the King, as they were cenſu were thought upon to tranſport them
red by many at that Times but nei to the King: And then their Fleet,
ther They then, nor theſe now do under the Command of the 'Earl War-
underſtand the true Reaſons thereof. wick, lay ready to obſtruct and inter-
The King had not, at that Time, one cept that Communication ; nor was
Barrel of Powder, nor one Muſket, any Remedy in View to remove this
nor any other Proviſion neceffary for Miſchief; inſomuch as it was no eaſy
an Army; and, which was worſe, Thing for the King to ſend to, or to
was not ſure of any Port to which receive Letters from the Queen.
they might be ſecurely aſſign'd; nor There was a ſmall Ship of 28 or 30
had he Money for the Support of his Guns, that was Part of the Fleet that
Own Table for the Term of one wafted her Majeſty into Holland from
Month. He expected, with Impa- Dover, which was called the Provi-
tience, the Arrival of all thoſe Necef- dence, under the Command of Caprairi.
faries, by the Care and Activity of Straugham, when the Fleet was. com..
the Queen ; who was then in Holland, manded by Sir John Penningtonz and
and by the Sale of her own, as well as
before the Earl of Warwick=Was fuper-
of the Crown Jewels, and by the induced into that Charge-againſt-the-
Friendſhip of Henry Prince of Orange, King's Will. That Ship, the Capi
did all the could to provide all that tain whereof was known to be faithful
was neceſſary; and the King had to his Majeſty, was, by the Queen,
newly directed her to ſend all to New- detain?d, and kept in Holland from
caſtle, which was but then ſecured to the Time of her Majeſty's Arrival,
him by the Diligence of the Earl of under ſeveral Pretences, of which the
that Name. In the mean 'Timeboth Captain made uſe, when he after-
the King himſelf, and they who beſt wards received Orders from the Earl
knew the State of his Affairs, ſeem'd' of Warwick, to repair to the Fleet in
to be without any Thoughts of mak- the Downs ; until, after many Pro-
ing War; and to hope, that the Par- miſes and Excuſes, it was at laſt diſ-
liament would at laſt incline to ſome cern'd that he had other Buſineſs and
Accommodation ; for which both his Commands; and ſo was watched, by
Majeſty, and thoſe Perſons were ex. the other Ships, as an Enemy. This
poſed to a thouſand Rėproaches.
Veſſel the Queen reſolv'd to ſend to
The Queen had many Difficulties the King, principally to inform his
to contend with for though the Majeſty of the Streights ſhe was in ;
Prince of Orange had a very ſignal of the Proviſions ſhe had made, and
*
3
to
9
in the Reiga of King CHARLES I. 180
1
to return with ſuch particular Advice; this ſmall Sivip, the Size wherecf was
and Direction from his Majeſty, that known to few, had brought a greater
the might take further Reſolutions ; Quantity and Proportion of Proviſions
And becauſe the Veffel was light, for the War, than in truth it had;
and dreiv not much Water, and ſo and therefore, though it had brought
could run into any Creek, or open no Money, which he expected, he
Foad, oi Harbour, and, from thence, forth with granted Comın iſſions, to
eaſily ſend an Expreſs to the King';' raiſe Regiments of Horſe and font,
there was put into it about two hun to ſuch Perſons of Quality and In-
dred Birrels of Powder, and two or tereft, as were able to comply with
three thouſand Arms, with ſeven or their Obligations. He declar'd the
eight Field-Pieces ; which, they Eurl of Lindſey, Lord High Cham-
knew, would be very welcome to the berlain of England, his General of
King, and ſerve for a Beginning and the Army; a Perſon of great Honour
Countenance to draw Forces together. and Courage, and generally beloved ;
The Captain was no ſooner put to who many Years before had good
Sea, but Notice was ſent to the Comé Commands in Holland, and Germany,
mander of the Fleet in the Downs; and had been Admiral at Sea in ſeves
who immediately ſent three or four ral Expeditions. Sir Jacob Åbley was
Ships to the North, who eaſily got declar’d Major-General of the Foot,
the Providence in View, before it a Command he was very equal to, and
could reach that Coaft; and chaſed had exerciſed before, and executed
it with all their Sails, till they ſaw it after with great Approlation. The
enter into the River of Humber; Generalſhip of th Horſe, his Majeſty
when, looking upon it as their own, preſerved for his Niphew Prince Rü-
they made leſs Häfte to follow its be- pert; who was daily expected, and
ing content to drive it before them arrived ſoon after : And all Levies
into their own Port of Hull; there were haften’d with as much Expedi-
being, as they thought no other Way tion as was poſſible in fo great a Scar-
to eſcape them ; until they plainly. faw city, and notorious Want of Money ;
the Ship entring into a narrow Creek of which no more need be ſaid, after
out of Humber, which declined Hull, it is remember'd that all the Lurds,
and led into the Country fome Miles and Council about the King, with
above it"; which was a place well ſeveral other Perſons of Quality, vo-
known to the Captain, and deſign'd luntarily made a Subſcription for the
by. him to arrive at from the Begin- Payment of ſo many Hore for three
ning I was in vain for them then Months; in which Time they would
to halten their Purſuiť į for they needs believe that the War ſhould be
quickly foưnd that their great Ships at an End ; every one paying down
could not enter into thát Paffage, and what the three Months Pay would
that the River was ico ſhallow to fol- amount tọ, into the Hands of a Trea-
Jow him; and, ſo, with Shame and ſurer appointed to receive it ; and this
Anger, they gave over the Chaſe; Money was preſently paid for the
whilſt the Captain continued his making thoſe Levies of Horſe, which
Courſe ; and having never thought of were delign'd; and which could not
faving the Ship, run it on Shore on have been made but by thoſe Monies.
that Side towards Burlington; and, And now the King thought it
with all Expedition, gave notice to Time to execute a Reſolution he had
the King of his Arrival ; who, im- long intended, and which many
mediately, cauſed the Perſons of Qua- Men wonder'd he neglected ſo long;
lity, in the Parts adjacent, to draw which was as much as in him lay, to
the Train’d-Bands of ihe Country to. take the Admiralty into his own
gether, to ſecure the Incurſions from Hands. He had long too much cauſe
Hull; and by this means, the Arms, to be unſatisfied, and diſpleaſed with
Ammunition, and Artillery were the Earl of Northumberland; whom
quickly brought to York.
he thought he had oblig'd above any
The King was well content that it Man what?oever. His delivering the
ſhould be generally believed, that Fleet into the Hands and Command
54
Bbb
of
1
* 190
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
of the Earl of Warwick, after his Ma- this was carried with all poſſible Sen
jeſty had expreſly refuſed it to the crecy, that none, but thoſe few who
Parliament, the King could not eaſily were truſted, knew, or ſuſpected any
forgive ; however he thought it not ſuch Alteration.
Then ſeaſonable to reſent it, becauſe But the King thought fit, firſt to
he had nothing to object againſt him,' adviſe with Sir John Pennington of
but his Compliance with the Com- whoſe Integrity he was confident, and
mand of the Parliament, who would whoſe Judgment he always principal-
have own'd it as their own Quarrel; ly relied in all his Maritime Actions ;
and muſt have obliged that Earl to and thought him the only Perfon fit
put his whole Intereſt into their immediately to take the Fleet out of
Hands, and to have run their Fortune; the Earl of Warwick's Poffeffion;
to which he was naturally too much who had difpoffeffed him of the Com-
inclin'd: And then his Majeſty fore- mand that Year, 'which he had uſual-
ſaw, that there would have been no ly exerciſed. Sir John Pennington,
Fleet at all ſet out that Year, by their finding the Matter full of Difficulty,
having the Command of all the Mo- and the Execution like to meet with
ney, which was to be applied to that ſome Interruptions, expreffed no Ala-
Service. Whereas by his Majeſty's crity to undertake it in his own Per-
concealing his Reſentment, there was ſon ; alledging, That himſelf ſtood
a good Fleet made ready, and ſet out; in the Parliament's Disfavour and
and many Gentlemen ſettled in the Jealouſy (which was true) and that
Command of Ships, of whoſe Affec- therefore his Motion, and Journey to-
tion and Fidelity his Majeſty was af- wards the Downs, where the Fleet then
ſured, that no ſuperior Officer could. lay, would be immediately taken Notice
corrupt it; but that they would, at of; and his Majeſty's Deſign be ſo much
all Times, repair to his Service, gueſſed at, that there would need no
whenever he requir’d it. And, indeed, other Diſcovery ; but he propounded
his Majeſty had an , Opinion of the to his Majeſty, That he would ſend a
Devotion of the whole Body of the Letter to Sir Robert Manſel, who
common Sea-men to his Service, be- lived at Greenwich, Speedily to go to
cauſe he had, bountifully, ſo much the Fleet, to take Charge of it, and that
mended their Condition, and increaf- bis Authority, being Vice- Admiral of
-ed their Pay, that he thought they England, and his known and great
would have even thrown the Earl of Reputation with the Sea-men, would be
Warwick over board, when he ſhould like to meet with the least Reſiſtance.
command them; and ſo the reſpiting His Majeſty, imparting this Counſel
the doing it would be of little Impor- to thoſe whom he had made privy to
But now, that a Ship of his his Purpoſe, enter'd upon new Con-
own, in the Executing of his Com- fiderations; and concluded, That Sir
mands, ſhould be chaſed by his own Robert Manfel's Age (though his Cou-
Fleet as an Enemy, made ſuch a Noiſe rage and Integrity were unqueſtionable)
in all Parts even to his Reproach and and the Accidents that depended upoiz
Diſhonour, that he could no longer that, would render that Expedient most
defer the doing what he had ſo long hazardous ; and that, in truth, there
thought of.
He reſolv'd therefore, needed no ſuch abſolute and ſupreme Of-
to revoke the Earl of Northumberland's ficer, to be appointed in the first Arti-
Commiſſion of the Office of High- cle; but rather, that his Majeſty ſhould
Admiral of England, and to ſend the direkt his Special Letter to the Captain
Revocation to him under the Great of every Ship, requiring him immediate-
Seal of England: Then, to ſend Sirly to weigh Anchor, and to bring away
John Pennington, who was then at his Ship to ſuch a Place as his Majeſty
York, on board the Fleet, and to take might appoint, where he foould receive
the Charge of it: And Letters were further Orders : And to that Place
prepared, and ſign'd by the King, to be might ſend ſuch an Officer, 'as he
every one of the
Captains; whereby thought fit to trust with the Command of
they were requird, To obſerve the Or- the whole Navy so aſſembled. Accord
ders of Sir John Pennington. And all ing to this Reſolution, the whoſe Dif-
patch
tance.
in the Reign of King CHARLËS .
ut.
1
;
patch was prepared. Firſt a Revoca« of his Ships again. But, when the
tion of the Earl of Northumberland's Meſſengers were diſpatched, and well
Commiſſion of Admiral, under the inſtructed, and he that was for L012-
Great Seal of England ; of which don gone on his Journey, there was a
there was a Duplicate ; the one to be ſudden and unexpected Change of the
ſent to his Lordſhip; the other to the whole Direction to the Fleet; by Sir
Earl of Warwick; whoſe Commif- John Pennington's Repair to his Ma-
fion was founded upon, and ſo deter- jeſty; and upon ſecond Thoughts;
mined by, the other. Then a parti- offering to go himſelf to the Drunsa
cular Letter to each of the Captains of and to take Charge of the Fleet;
his Ships, informing them of his Ma- which changed the Forms of the Leta
jeſty's Revocation of the Almiral's Pae' ters to the ſeveral Captains ; and, in-
tent, and conſequently, of the Deter- ſtead of leaving every one to uſe his
mination of the Earl of Warwick's beſt Expedition to bring away his own
Commiſion, to whom his Majeſty like- Ship to Burlington ; required then only
wiſe writ, to inhibit him from further to obſerve ſuch Orders, as they ſhould
meddling in that Charge, and therefore receive by Sir John Pennington; who
commanded them to yield no further thought not fit (for the Reaſons former-
Obedience to either of their Orders ; ly given of his being taken notice of) to
but that, immediately upon the Re- go with Mia Villiers ; but by him,
ceipt of thoſe his Royal Letters, he writ to Sir Henry Palmer; to whom
ſhould weigh Anchor ; and with likewiſe his Majeſty ſent a Letter to
what Speed he might, repair to Bur- that Purpoſe, being an Officer of the
lington-Bay upon the coaſt of Yurk- Navy, and who liv’d by the Downs,
flore; where he ſhould receive his Ma- Immediate'y to go aboard the Almiral;
jeſty's further Pleaſure : And ſo each and that he himſelf would make all pol-
Commander, without relation to any fible H ſte to him, ſetting out at the
other Commands, had no more to ſame Time with Mr. Villiers but
look after but his own Ship, and his journeying a further and more private
own Duty; by which the King might Way. Mr. Villiers, left, by his Stay
expect, at leaſt, ſo many Ships as for the Alteration of his Diſpatches
were under the Command of thoſe the Page's coming to London ſooner
who had any Affection or Fidelity to than was intended at his ſetting out,
his Service.
might produce ſome Inconvenience to
Accordingly, all Things being pre- the Service, lept not till he came to
pared, and ſigned by the King, and Sir Henry Palmer; who, being infirm
fealed, what immediately concern’d in his Hcalth, and ſurprized with the
the Earl of Northumberland was deli- Command, could not make that Ex-
ver'd to one of his Majeſty's Pages, pedition aboard, as might have been
to be given to the Earl of Northu17- requiſite ; though he was loyally and
berlend at London ; and the whole zealouſly affected to his Majeſty's Sera
Diſpatch to the Fleet to Mr. Edward vice. However Mr. Villiers haften'd
Villiers, whoſe Diligence and Dexte to the Ships which lay then at Anchor,
rity his Majeſty found fit for any and according to his Inſtructions, de-
Truſt; the former being directed liver'd' his ſeveral Letters to the Cap-
not to make ſuch Hafte, but that the t.ins; the greateſt Part whereof re-
other might be at least as ſoon at the criv'd them with great Expreſſions of
Downs, as he at London ; and Mr. Duty and Submiſſion, expecting only
Villiers again being appointed what to receive Sir John Pennington's Or-
Letters he ſhould firſt deliver to the ders, for which they ſtay'd ; and,
Captains ; 'And that he ſhould viſit the without doubt, if either the firſt Let-
Earl of Warwick in the last Place; ters had been ſent, or Sir John Pen-
that his Activity might have no In- nington been preſent, when theſe ou
fuence upon the Sea-men to prevent thers were deliver'd, his Majeſty had
their Obedience to his Majeſty. And been poſſeſſed of the greateſt Part of
ſurely if this Reſolution had been pur. the Fleet; the Earl of Warwick being
ſued, it is very probable, that the at that Time, according to his uſual
King had been Maſter of very plany Licences, with ſome officers whoſe
Com-
+
192 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
on
!
Company he liked, on Shore making and Favour, to continue the Polleligst
merry ; ſo that there was only his thereof against his expreſs Pleaſure,
Vice-Admiral, Captain Batten, there being a Clauſe in this Grant,
board ; who was of eminent Difaffec- that it ſhould be only during Jurk Time
tion to his Majeſty : The Rear-Ad as his Majeſty thought fit to uſe his
miral Sir John Mennes, being of un Service ; and ſo utterly refuſing to
queſtionable Integrity.
meddle further in it; as ſoon as they
But after five or ſix Hours (in could get the Houſes together the
which Time nothing could be acted, next Morning, eaſily agreed to paſs
for Want of Advice and Direction ; an Ordinance, as they call it, To ap-
enough being ready to obey, but none point the Earl of Warwick to be Ád-
having Authority to command) the miral of that Fleet, with as full and
Earl of Warwick came aboard his Ship, ample Authority, as he had before had
to whom Mr. Villiers likewiſe gave from the Earl of Northumberland.
his Majeſty's Letters of his Diſcharge; Which Ordinance, together with
who, without any Declaration of dif- Letters, and Votes of Encouragement
obeying it, applied himſelf to the to his Lordſhip and to the Officers and
confirming thoſe who he thought true Sea-men, they ſpeedily ſent, by a
to his Party, and diligently to watch Member of their own; who arriv'd
the reſt ; preſuming, that he ſhould therewith, the next Morning, after
ſpeedily hear from thoſe by whom he Mr. Villiers had deliver'd the King's
had been originally truſted.
Letter ; Sir John Pennington in the
In the mean Time, the Captains mean Time neither coming, nor fend-
expected Orders from Sir John Pen- ing any further Advice.
ning'on, who likewiſe privately ex The Earl of Warwick, being thus
pected ſuch an Account from Sir Hen- arm’d, found himſelf Maſter of his
ry Palmer, as might encourage him Work; and immediately ſummon'd
to come to the Ships. But this unfor- all the Captains, to attend him on
tunate Delay diſappointed all : For board his Ship in Council ; the which
the other Gentleman, according to all but two did (Captain Slingſby, and
his Inſtructions, having reach'd Lon- Captain Wake) who, being by his
don in the Evening after the Houſes Majeſty's Letters, as the reſt were,
were riſen, deliver'd the King's Let- exprefly charged to yield no further
ter, and the Diſcharge of his Com- Obedience to the Earl of Warwick,
miſſion, to the Earl of Norlbumber. refuſed to repair to him ; making
land; who, with all Shews of Duty themſelves ready to reſiſt any. Violence,
and Submiſſion, expreſſed his Reſolu- and putting their Ships in Order to go
tion to obey his Majeſty; and a hearty out to Sea, that they might be at Li-
Sorrow, that he had, by any Misfor- berty to attend his Majeſty's Com-
tune, incurr'd bis M jeſty's Diſplea- mands; but they were ſo encompaſ-
ſure. How ingenuous ſoever this De. ſed by the whole Fleet, and the Dex.
meanour of his Lordſhip’s was, the terity of the Earl's Miniſters was ſuch,
Buſineſs was quickly known to thoſe and the Devotion, generally, of the
who were more concern'd in it; who Sea-men fo tainted, and corrupted
were exceedingly perplex’d, with the from the King's Service, that, inſtead
Apprehenſion of being difpoffeffed of of carrying away the Ships, the Cap-
ſo great a Part of their Strength, as tains themſelves were ſeized, taken,
the Royal Fleet ; and earneſtly pref- and carried by their own Men to the
ſed the Earl of Northumberland, That, Earl ; who immediately committed
notwithſtanding ſuch his Majeſty's Re- them to Cuſtody, and ſent them up
vocation, he would ſtill continue the Priſoners to the Parliament. Then
Execution of bis Office of Lord High the Earl communicated the Ordinance,
Acimiral.; in which they would alīst Letters, and Votes from the two
him with their utmost Power, and Houſes, to the reſt of the Officers ;
Authority. But his Lordſhip alledg- of whom only two more refuſed to
ing, that it would ill become him, who continue their Charge againſt the Sig.
had receiv'd that Charge from the King nification they had receiv'd from the
with so notable Circumſtances of Trust King (Sir John Mennes, and Captain
Burly)
+

வலம்
TAMBIESIE
ELETTI
The Revolt of the Fleet
Hulett Sculp
។
••
|
។
,
•
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
193
Burly) who were quickly diſcharged, diſplaced for no other Reaſon (his
and let on Shore; and the reſt, with- Sufficiency, and Ability for Command
out any Scruple or Heſitation, oblig'd being by all Men confeffed) but his
themſelves to obey the Earl of Warwick, Zeal and Integrity to him, would not
in the Service of the Parliament; ſo countenance that Fleet, and that Ad-
that the Storm was now over, and the miral, with ſuffering an Officer of his
Parliament fully and entirely poſſeſſed own to command in it under the
of the whole Royal Navy, and Mi- other; and therefore order'd Captain
litia by Sea; for they quickly difpo- Cartaret to decline the Imployment,
ſed of two other honeſt Captains,' which he, prudently, and without
Kettleby, and Stradlin . (whom they Noiſe, did ; and thereupon, another
could not corrupt) who guarded the Officer of the Navy, the Surveyor-
Iriſh Seas; and got thoſe Ships like- General, Captain Batten, a Man of
wiſe into their Service. And thus his very different Inclinations to his Ma-
Majeſty was without one Ship of his fter, and his Service, and furious in
own, in his three Kingdoms, at his the new Fancies of Religion, was ſub-
Devotion.
ſtituted in the Place : Whereas if
As this Loſs of the whole Navy Captain Carteret had been ſuffer'd to
was of unſpeakable ill Conſequence to have taken that Charge, his Intereſt
the King's Affairs, and made his and Reputation in the Navy was ſo
Condition much the leſs confider'd by great, and his Diligence and Dexterity
his Allies; and Neighbour Princes; in Command ſo eminent, that it was
who ſaw the Sovereignty of the Sea generally believ'd, he would, againſt
now in other Hands, that were like to whatſoever the Earl of Warwick could
be more imperious upon the Appre- have done, have preſerv'd a major
henſion of any Diſcourteſies, than re- Part of the Fleet in their Duty to the
gular and lawful Monarchs uſe to be; King. The Misfortunes which hap-
I cannot but obſerve ſome unhappy pen’d after, and are mention’d before,
Circumſtances, and Accidents in this are not in Juſtice to be imputed to Şir
important Buſineſs of the Navy, which John Pennington ; who, fure, was a
looked like the Hand of Providence very honeſt Gentleman, and of un-
to take that Strength, of which his ſhaken Faithfulneſs and Integrity to
Majeſty was moſt confident, out of the King ; but to the little T'ime he
his Hands. When the Reſolation of had to think of it: And the Per-
the Houſe of Commons, and the Con- plexity he was in (beſides his true
currence of the Lords was peremptory; Zeal to the Service) to conſider that
and the Earl of Northumberland had ſo great a Work, as the Recovery of
declar'd his Compliance with them, the Royal Navy, was to be done by
For the ſending the Earl of Warwick his own Perſonal Engagement, made
Admiral of that Fleet, in the Place of him look ſo little to his own Security,
Sir John Pennington, upon whom the that inſtead of taking the Fleet from
King depended; it was reſolv'd like- the Earl of Warwick, he was himſelf
wiſe by them, That Captain Carteret, taken by the Earl, and ſent to the
Controller of his Majeſty's Navy, a Parliament;. where the carrying over
Man of great Eminency and Reputation the Lord. Digby, and ſome other Jea-
in Naval Command, jould be Vice-Ad- louſies, had left a great Arrear of Dif-
miral; who thinking it became his pleaſure againſt him.
near Relation to his Majeſty's Service, The Truth is, the King was fo con-
to receive his Royal Pleaſure before fident upon the general Affections of
he engaged himſelf in any Employ; the Sea-men, who were a Tribe of
ment of that Nature, addreſied him. People more particularly countenan-
ſelf for his Directions. But the King, ced and oblig'd by him, than ocher
looking upon the Fleet in a manner Men, his Majeſty having increaſed
taken froni him, when another, whoſe their Allowance, in Proviſion and
Diſaffection to his Service was very Money, above the old Eſtabliſhment
notorious, was, contrary to his expreſs of the Navy, as hath been mention'd;
Pleaſure, preſumptuouſly put into the that he did believe no Activity of ill
Command of it, and his own Miniſter Officers could have corrupted them;
56
Сcc
but
194 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
him.
but that, when the Parliament had ſet the factious Lecturers, and Entiſaries
out and victualled the Fleet, it would, from the Parliament, had poiſon'd
upon any Occaſion, declare itſelf at
their Affections) and eſpecially thoſe
his Devotion. But, on the other of Quality, were loyally inclined ;
Side, they had been taught to believe, yet, the Terror of the Houſe of Com.
that all the King's Bounty, and Grace mons was ſo great, which fent for and
towards them, had flow'd from the grievouſly puniſhed thoſe Sheriffs and
Mediation of thoſe Officers, who were Mayors, who publiſhed, according to
now engaged againſt the King; and their Duties and expreſs Oaths, his
that, the Parliament having ſeized the Majeſty's Proclamation, and thoſe
Cuſtorns, and all other the Revenues Miniſters, who, according to his In-
of the Crown, they had no other junctions, read and divulged his De-
Hope of Pay or Subſiſtence, but by clarations, that all ſuch, and, indeed,
abſolutely devoting themſelves to all others eminently affected to the
their. Service : So that a greater, or King, were forced to fly to York for
more general Defection of any one Protection; or to hide themſelves in
Order of Men was never known, than Corners from that Inquiſition, which
that, at this Time, of the Sea-men; was made for them. ` And therefore
though many Gentlemen, and ſome his Majeſty, in the firſt Place, that
few of the common Sort, to their laft- he might have one Harbour to reſort
ing Honour and Reputation, either to in his Kingdom, fent the Earl of
addreſſed themſelves to the active Ser- Newcaſtle, privately, with a Com-
vice of their Sovereign, or fuffer'd miſſion to take the Government of
Impriſonment, and the Loſs of all Newcaſtle ; who ſpeedily and dex:
they had, for refuſing to ſerve againſt trouſly aſſur’d that moſt important and
rich Town and Harbour to the King;
The News of this Diminution of which, if it had been omitted but ve-
his Majeſty's Power, and terrible Ad- ry few Days, had been ſeized on by
dition of Strength to his Enemies, the Parliament; who had then given
was a great Allay to the briſk Hopes Direction to that Purpoſe. Then for
at York, upon the Arrival of their the Protection of the general Parts of
Ammunition ; and wife Men eaſily the Kingdom, and keeping up their
diſcernd the fatal Conſequence of it Affections, his Majeſty appointed and
in Oppoſition to the King's moſt ſent many of the Nobility and prime
hopeful Deſigns : Yet, in a very Gentlemen of the ſeveral Counties,
ſhort Time, all viſible Senſe of it ſo who attended him, into their reſpec-
much vaniſh'd, that (as there was a tive Counties to execute the Com-
marvellous Alacrity, at that Time, miſſion of Array; making the Mar-
in defpiſing all Advantages of the quis of Hertford, by Commiſſion un-
Parliament) ſome Men publickly, der the Great Seal of England, bis
and with great Confidence, averrid, Lieutenant General of all the Weſtern
That the King was a Gainer by the Parts of the Kingdom, with Power to
Loſs of bis Fleet ; becauſe he had no levy ſuch a Body of Horſe and Foot, as
Money to pay the Sea-men, or keep them be found neceſſary for his Majeſty's Ser-
together; and that one
and that one Vistory at vice, and the containing the People
Land, of which tbere was no doubt, within the Limits of their Duty. With
would reſtore him to his Dominion at the Marquis went the Earl of Bath,
Sea, and to whatſoever had been un- the Lord Pawlet, the Lord Seymour,
juſtly taken from his Majeſty.
Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir John Berkley,
The King found it was now Time Sir Hugh Pollard, and others, very
to do more than write Declarations, good Officers, to form and array if it
when the Parliament was now entire- Thould be found expedient. And fo
ly poſſeſſed of the Militia by Sea, and much of the Luſtre of the Court being
made ſuch a Progreſs in the Attempt abated, by the Remove of ſo many
to obtain the ſame at Land, that Perſons of Honour and Quality, the
though the People generally (except King began to think of encreaſing,
in great Towns and Corporations, and forming his Train into a more
where, beſides the natura! Malignity, uſeful Poſture, than it was yet ; and,
without
in the Reign of King CHAŘ LÉS I. 195
without any Noiſe of raiſing an Ar- by which he would expect their An-
my, to make the Scene of his firſt ſwer at Beverly.
Action to be the Recovery of Hull In the mean Time, to encourage
(whither new Forces were ſent from the good Affections of Nottingham-
London) by the ordinary Forces and ſhire, which ſeem'd almoſt intirely to
Train'd-Bands of that County ; by be devoted to his Service; and to
colour whereof, he hoped to have countenance and give ſome Life to
ſuch Refort; that he ſhould need no his Friends in Lincolnſhire, where in
other Induſtry to raiſe ſuch an Army, Contempt of his Proclamation, the
as ſhould be ſufficient to preſerve him- Ordinance of the Militia had been
ſelf from the Violence, which threat- boldly executed by the Lord Willough-
en'd his Safety and accordingly, by of Parhain, and ſome Members of
that the People might 'fully under the Houſe of Commons, his Majeſty
ſtand his Intentions, he ſummond took a ſhort Progreſs to Newark; and;
ſome of the Train'd-Bands to attend after a Days Stay, from thence to
him at Beverly, a Town within four Lincoln ; and fo, by the Day appoint-
Miles of Hull; whither he ermov'd his ed, return'd to Beverly; having, in
Court, and publiſh'd a Proclamation, both thoſé Places, been attended with
briefly containing, The Rebellion of ſuch an Appearance of the Gentlemen,
Sir John Hotham, in holding that and Men of Quality, and fo full å
Town by a Garriſon against him; his Concourſe of the People, as one mighè
demanding Juſtice from the two Houſes reaſonably have gueſſed the Affections
without Effeet; the ſeizing his Fleet at of both thoſe Counties would have fe-
Sea ; and the hoſtile Afts of Sir John conded any juſt and regular Service
Hotham, upon the Inhabitants of that for the King.
Town, many of whom he turn'd out of They at London were ñot feſs active;
their Habitations; and upon the Neigh- but, upon their Succeſs in the Buſineſs
bour Country, by impriſoning many, of the Navy, proceeded to make
and driving others for fear from their themſelves ſtrong enough, at leaſt, to
Houſes : And therefore that he was keep what they had ; and therefore,
reſolv'd to reduce the ſame by Force; having, by their Ordinance of the
inhibiting all Commerce or Traffick with Militia, many voluntary Companies
the ſaid Town, whilſt it continued in form’d of Men according to their
Rebellion.
own Hearts; and, by their Subfcrip-
Which Proclamation he likewiſe tions, being ſupplied with a good
ſent to both Houſes of Parliament, Stock of Money, and a good Num-
with this further Signification, That; ber of Horſe ; before the King's
before he would uſe Force to reduce that Meſſage from Beverly came to them,
Place to its due Obedience, he had on the twelfth of July, being the ſame
thought fit, once more, to require them, Day the Meſſage went from the King,
that it might be forthwith deliverid to both Houſes voted, and declared,
him ; wherein if they ſhould conform That en Army ſhould be forthwith raiſed
themſelves, his Majeſty would be then for the Safety of the King's Perſon ;
willing to admit ſuch Addrefſes from Defence of both Houſes of Parliament,
them, and return ſuch Propoſitions to and of thoſe, who had obey'd their Or-
them, 4s might be proper to ſettle the ders, and Commands; and preſerving
Peace of the Kingdom, and compoſe the of the true Religion; the Laws, Lisa
preſent Diſtractions. He wiſhed them berty, and Peace of the Kingdom. That
to do their Duty, and to be aſured from the Earl of Effex should be their Gene-
Him, on the Word of a king, that 10 ral, and that they would Live and Die
thing ſhould be wanting on His Party with him. And, having put them-
that night prevent the Calamities which felves into this poſture of Treating,
threatend the Nation, and might ren the fame Day they agreed that a Pe-'
der bis People truly happy; but if that tition ſhould be framed, To move the
bis gracious Invitation fiould be declin'd, King to a good Accord with the Parlia.
God and all good Men must judge be- ment, to prevent a Civil War ; the
tween them : And allign’d a Day, which was then purpoſely conſented
*
196
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to, that the People might believe, the our most dutiful Affe&tions in deſiring
Talk of an Army and a General, was on- thoſe Things, which We beld most ne-
ly to draw the King to the more reaſon- ceſſary for the Preſervation of God's
able Conceſſions. And it is certain, the true Religion ; your Majeſty's Safety,
firſt was conſented to by many, eſpe- and Honour ; and the Peace of the
cially of the Houſe of Peers (in hope Kingdom : And, with much Sorrow,
the better to compaſs the other) with do perceive that your Majeſty, incenſed
the perfect Horrour of the thought of by many falſe Calumnies and Slanders,
a War.
Though the King's Mef- do continue to raiſe Forces against Us,
ſage came to them before their own and your other Peaceable and Loyal
was diſpatch?d, yet, without the leaſt Subjects; and to make great Prepara-
Notice taken of it, and leaſt the Con- tions for War, both in the Kingdom,
tents of their Petition might be known and from beyond the Seas; and, by
before the Arrival of their own Mer- Arms and Violence, to over. rule the
ſengers, the Earl of Holland, Sir John Judgment and Advice of your Great
Holland, and Sir Philip Stapleton, be- Council; and by Force to determine the
ing the Committee appointed for the queſtions there depending, concerning
fame, made a ſpeedy and quick Jour- the Government and Liberty of the King-
ney for Beverly; and arrivd, in the dom : Yet, ſuch is our earnest Deſire
ſane Minute that the King came thi- of diſcharging our Duty to your Majeſty
ther from Lincoln : So that his Má- and the Kingdom, to preſerve the Peace
jeſty no ſooner heard of the raiſing an thereof, and to prevent the. Miſeries of
Army, and declaring a General againſt Civil War amongst your Subječts; that,
him, but he was encounter'd with the notwithſtanding we hold our ſelves bound
Meſſengers for Peace; who reported to uſe all the Means and Power, which,
to all whom they met, and with by the Laws and Conſtitutions of this
whom they converſed, That they had Kingdom, we are truſted with for the
brought ſo abſolute a, Submiſſon from Defence and Protection thereaf, and of
the Parliament to the King, that there the Subjeets from Force and Violence :
could be no Doubt of a firm and happy We do, in this our Humble and Loyal
Peace : And when the Earl of Hol- Petition, proſtrate ourſelves at your
land preſented the Petition, he firſt Majeſty's Feet; beſeeching your Royal
made a ſhort Speech to the King; telMajeſty, that you will be pleaſed to fora
ling him, That the glorious Motto of bear and remove all Preparations and
bis bleſed Father, King James, was Actions of War; particularly the. For-
Beati Pacifici, which he hoped his Ma- ces from about Hull, from Newcaſtle,
jeſty would continue ; that they pre- Tinmouth, Lincoln, and Lincoln-
Sented him with the humble Duty of his ſhire: and all other places. And that
two Houſes of Parliament, who deſired your Majeſty will recall the Commiſions
nothing from him but bis Conſent, and of Array, which were illegal; diſmiſs
Acceptance of Peace; they aiming at Troops, and extraordinary Guards by
nothing but his Majeſty's Honour, and you raiſed : That your Majeſty will
Happineſs : And then read their come nearer to your Parliament, and
Meſſage aloud, in theſe Words : hearken to their faithful Advice and
humble Petitions ; which ſhall only tend
To the King's moſt Excellent Ma to the Defence, and Advancement of
jeſty ; The humble Petition of Religion ; your own Royal Honour,
the Lords and Commons afſem- and Safety; and the Preſervation of
bled in Parliament.
our Laws and Liberties. And we have
been, and ever ſhall be careful to pre-
May it pleaſe your Majeſty : vent, and puniſh all Tumults, and ſe-
ditious Aktions, Speeches, and Writings,
Although We, your Majeſty's moſt which may give your Majeſty just Cauſe
humble and faithful Subjects, the Lords of Diſtafte, or Apprehenſion of Danger.
and Commons in Parliament aſſembled, From which publick Aims and Refolu-
have been very unhappy in many former tions, no finiſter or private Reſpekt Mall
Petitions, and Supplications to your ever make us to decline.
Majeſty ; wherein we have repreſented And We, for Our Ports, ſkail ba
ready
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 197
ready to lay down all thoſe Preparations, And accordingly, the ſecond Day,
which we have been forced to make for his Majeſty deliver'd them, in pub-
our Defence. And for the Town of lick, his Anſwer to their Petition,
Hull, and the Ordinance concerning which was likewiſe read by one of his
the Militia, as we have, in both theſe Servants, in theſe Words :
Particulars, only fought the Preferva-
tion of the Peace of the Kingdom; and His Majeſty's Anſwer to the Peti-
the Defence of the Parliament from tion of the Lords and Commons
Force and Violence : So We ſhall most aſſembled in Parliament.
willingly.leave the Town of Hull in the
State it was, before Sir John Hotham Though. bis Majeſty had too great
drew any Forces into it ; delivering Reaſon to believe that the Dire&tions
your Majeſty's Magazine into the Tower fent to the Earl of Warwick, to go to
of London, and ſupplying whatſoever the River Humber, with as many
kath been diſpoſed by Us for the Service Ships as he ſhould think fit, for all
of the Kingdom. We ſhall be ready to poſſible Aſiſtance to Sir. John Hotham,
ſettle the Militia by a Bill, in ſuch a to carry away ſuch Arms from thence,
Way as Mall be bonourable, and ſafe for as his Diſcretion thought fit to Spare out
your Majeſty ; most agreeable to the of his Majeſty's own Magazine : The
Duty. of Parliament, and effettual for chooſing a General by both Houſes of
the Good of the Kingdom ; that the Parliament, for the Defence of thoſe
Strength thereof be not employ'd against, who bave obey'd their Orders and Cum-
itſelf, and that which ought to be for mands, be they never so extravagant,
our Security, applied to our Destruction; and illegal : Their Declaration, that,
and that the Parliament, and thoſe who in that caſe, they would live and die
profeſs, and deſire ſtill to preſerve the with the Earl bf Effex their General
Proteſtant Religion, both in this Realm, (all which were Vored the ſame Day
and in Ireland, may not be left naked, with this Petition.) And the commit-
and indefenſible to the miſchievous De- ting the Lord Mayor of London to
figns, and cruel Attempts of thoſe, who Priſon, for executing his Majeſty's
are the profeſſed, and confederated Ene- Writs, and lawful Commands; were
mies thereof in your Majeſty's Domi- but ill Prologues to a Petition, which
nions; end other. Neighbour Nations, might compoſe, the miſerable Diffraations
To which, if your Majefty's Courſes of the Kingdom ; yet his Majeſty's pof-
and-Counſels Mall from benceforth con- fionate Deſire of the Peace of the King-
cur, IVe doubt not but we ſhall quickly dom, together with the Preface of the
make it appear to the World, by the Preſenters, that they had brought a
most éminent Effeets of Love and Duy, a Petition full of Duty and Submiſſion
that your Majeſty's Perſonal Safety, to bis Majeſty ; and which deſir'd no-
your Royal Honour, and Greatneſs, are thing of bim, but bis Conſent to Peace,
much dearer to us than our own Lives begot a greedy Hope, and Expectation
and Fortunes, which We do most bear- in bim, that this petition would have
tily dedicate, and shall most willingly been ſuch an Introduktion to Peace, that
imploy for the Support, and Mainte-, it would, at least, have ſatisfied his
nance thereof.
Meſage of the eleventh of this Month,
by delivering up Hull unto bis Majeſty.
As ſoon as this Petition was read by But, to his unſpeakable Grief, his Ma-
the Earl of Holland, the King told jeſty hath too much Cauſe to believe,
them, That the Reproaches caft upon that the End of ſome Perſons, by this
him by it, were not anſwerable to the Petition, is not in truth to give any
Expreſſions his Lordſhip had made; real Satisfa£tion to his Majeſty ; but,
and that he was ſorry that they thought by the Specious Pretences of making Of-
the expoſing Him, and his Honour to fers to him, to miſlead and ſeduce his
ſo much Scandal, was the Way to People, and lay ſome Imputation upon
procure the Peace of the Kingdom: him of denying what is fit to be granted;
That they ſhould ſpeedily receive his otherwiſe, it would. not have thrown
Anſwer ;. by which the World would thoſe unjust Reproaches, and Scandals
eaſily difcern, who deGred Peace moſt. upon his Majeſty, for making a neces-
57
D dd
ſary
*
198
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Jary and just Defence for his own Safety; Man. His Majeſty's Ships were tiken
and ſo peremptorily juſtified ſuch Actions froin him, ard committe:l :o the Ear of
against him, as by no Rule of Law or Warwick; who preſumes, under that
Žüſtice can admit the least colour of De- Power, to uſurp to him,c!f the Sove-
fence.
reignty of the Sea, to chaſe, fright, and
For his Majeſty's raiſing Forces, and impriſon ſuch of his Majesty's goo: Sub-
making Preparations for War, all Men jects, as deſire to obey his lawful Com-
know what is done that Way, is but in mands ; although he bad Nočice of the
order to his own Defence. Let the Pe- legal Revocation of the Earl of Nor-
titioners remember, that his Majeſty thumberland's Commiſion of Admiral,
was driven from bis Palace of White- whereby all Power deriv'd from that
Hall, for Safety of bis Life: That Commiſſion ceaſed.
both Houſes of Parliament, by their Let all the World now judge who
own Authority, raiſed a Guard to them- begun this War, and upon whole. Ac-
Selves, without the least Colour, or Sha- count the Miſeries, which may folloiv,
dow of Danger : That they ufurped a' must be cast ; what his Majeſty could
Power, by their preténded Ordinance, have done leſs than he hath done ; ind
against all Principles and Elements of whether be were not compelld to make
Law, over the whole Militia of the Proviſion, both for the Defence of bim-
Kingdom, without, and against his ſelf and Recovery of what is so injuri.
Mojeſty's Conſent : They took Poffeffion ouſly taken from him ;
and whether
of his Town, Fort, and Magazine of theſe Injuries and Indignities, are not
Hull,' and committed the ſame to Sir just Grounds for his Majeſty's Fears and
John Hotham ; who ſhut the Gates Apprehenſions of further Miſchief, and
againſt his Majeſty, and, by Force of Danger to him. And therefere his Ma.
Arms, denied Entrance thither to his jeſty cannot but look upon that Charga
own Perſon : That they juſtified this as the boldest, and the most cand-lous,
AEt whieb they had not directed; and hath been yet laid upon him ; That this
took Sir John Hothain into their Pro- neceſſary Proviſion, ma:e for his own
tection for whatſoever be had done, or · Safety and Defence, is to over-rule the
should do against his Majeſty. And all Judgmeit, and Atvice of his great
this, whilst bis Majeſty had no other Council; and by Force to determine the
Attendance than his, own menial Ser- Queſtions there depending, concerning
vants. Upon this, the Duty and Affec- the Government and Liberty of the
tion of this County, prompted his Sub- Kingdom. If no other. Forcé bad been
jects here to provide a ſmall Guard for raiſed to determine thoſe Queſtions, than
his own Perſon; which was no ſooner by his Majeſty, this unbeppy Miſunder-
done, but a Vote ſuddenly paſſed of his ſtanding had not been : And his Ma-
Majeſty's Intention to levy War against jeſty no longer deſires the Bleſing, and
bis Parliament (which, God knows, bis Protection of Almighty God upon Him-
Heart abhorreth) and notwithſtanding ſelf and his Pofterity, than He, and
all bis Majeſty's. Profeſſions, Declara- They, ſhall ſolemnly obſerve the due Ex-
tions, and Proteſtations to the contrary, ecution of the Laws, in the Defence of
Propoſitions and Orders for Levies of Parliaments, and the just Freedon
Men, Horſe, and Arms, were sent thereof.
throughout the Kingdom ; Plate and For his Majeſty's coming nearer to
Money brought in, and receiv'd; Horſe bis Parliament, bis Majeſty bath ex-
and Men raiſed towards an Army, preſſed himſelf to fully in bis ſeveral
Muſter'd, and under Command; and Meſſages, Anſwers, and Declarations ;
all this contrary to the Law, and to his that he hath Reaſon to t'ake himſelf
Majeſty's Proclamation : And a De- ſomewhat neglected, that, ſince upon fo
clarction publiſhed, that if he should uſe manifest Reaſons it is not Tafe for his
Force for the Recovery of Hull, er ſup- Majeſty to come to them, both bis Hou-
preling the pretended Ordinance for the ſes of Parliament will not come nearer
Militia, it mall be held levying War to his Majeſty ; or to ſuch a Piace
againſt the Parliament : And all this where the Freedom, and Dignity of
done, before his Majeſty granted any Parliament might be preſerved.
Commiſſion for the levying, or raiſing a Having ſaid thus much to the Parti-
culars
$
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
199
culars of the Perition, bis Majeſty, oilt mean Time, expects that no Supply of
of in: Princely Love, Tenderneſs, and Men be put into Hull; nor any of his
C minifun of bis People, and Deſire to Majeſty's Goods taken from therice.
preſerve the Peace of the Kingdom, that
the whore Force and Sirength of it may His Majeſty having, by his An-
be united for the Defence of itſelf, and ſwer, obliged himſelf not to make any
the Relief of Ireland, is graciouſly forcible Attempt upon Hull till the
pleaſed once more, to propoſe and re- 27th of July 1642, by which time he
quire,
might reaſonably expect an Anſwer to
That His Town of Hull be immedi- his Propoſitions, in the mean Time
ately delivered up to him : Which be- he reſolved to make ſome ſhort Pro-
ing done, bis Majeſty, to ſew his ear- grefs into the neighbouring Counties;
neſt Deſire of Peace, for which he will and accordingly, the fame Day the
diſpenſe with his own Honour, and how Meſſengers departed, the King went
far he is from Deſire of Revenge, will to Doncaſter; and the next Day to
grant a free and general Pardon to all Nottingham ; and fo to Leiceſter;
Perſons within that Town.
where he heard, the Earl of Siamford,
That his Navy be forthwith deliver'd and ſome other Parliament Men, were
into ſuch Hands, as he hath direčted executing the Ordinance of the Mili-
for the Government thereof: The de- tia : But, before his Majeſty came
taining thereof after his Majeſty's Di- thither, they removed themſelves to
reations, publiſb’d and receiv’d, to the Northampton, a Town ſo true to them,
contrary; and imploying his Ships a as, if they had been purſued, would
gainſt him in ſuch a Manner, as they have ſhut their Gates againſt the King
are now uſed, being notorious High himſelf, as Hull had done.
Treaſon in the Commanders of thoſe But according to his Appointment;
Ships.
the King returned towards Hull, in Ex-
If theſe Propoſitions ſhall be rejezted, pectation of an Anſwer from the Par-
bis Majeſty doubts not of the Protection liament; which came two Days after
and Aſiſtance of Almighty God, and the the appointed Day, but with no ſo-
ready. Concurrence of bis good Subječts ; lemnity of Meſſengers, or other Cere-
who can have no Hope left them of en mony, than incloſed to one of the
joying their own long, if their King may Secretaries to be preſented to the King,
be oppreſſed, and ſpoiled, and muſt be in which they told him,
remedileſs. And though his Towns, bis That they could not, for the preſent,
Ships, bis Arms, and his Money, be with the Diſcharge of the Truſt repoſed
gotten, and taken from him, he hath e in them for the ſafety of the King and
good Cauſe left, and the Hearts of his Kingdom, yield to thoſe Demands of his
People ; which, with God's Blefing, Majeſty: the Reaſon why they took into
he doubts not, will recover all the reſt. their Cuftody the Town of Hull, the
Laſtly, If the Preſervation of the Magazine, and Navy; paded the Ordi-
Proteſtant Religion, the Defence of the nance of the Militia ; and made Pre-
Liberty and Laws of the Kingdom, and paration of Arms ; was for the Security
Dignity and Freedom of Parliament; of Religion, the Safety of his Majeſty's
and the Recovery, and the Relief of Perſon, of the Kingdom, and Parlia-
bleeding and miſerable Ireland, be e ment; all which they did ſee in evi-
qually precious to the Petitioners, as dent, and immediate Danger; from
they are to his Majeſty (who will have which when they should be ſecured,
no Quarrel but in the Defence of theſe) and that the Forces of the Kingdom
there will be a chearful and ſpeedy Con- jould not be uſed to the Deſtruction
Sent to what his Majeſty hath now pro- thereof, they ſhould then be ready to
poſed, and deſir'd : And of this his withdraw the Garriſon out of Hull;
Majeſty expects a full and poſitive An- to deliver the Magazine and Navy;
Swer, by Wedneſday the 27th of this and ſettle the Militia, by Bill, in ſuch
Inſtant July; till when, he ſhall not a Way as should be honourable and Safe
make any Attempt of Force upon Hull, for his Majeſty. And as for the lay-
hoping in the Affection, Duty, and ing down of Arms; when the Cauſes
Loyalty of the Petitioners : And in the which moved them to provide for the
Defence
200
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
unex-
truſt to,
was
to
Defence of his Majeſty, the Kingdom, unjuft and irregular Proceedings of
and Parliament, soould be taken away, the Parliament; otherwiſe
they ſhould very willingly, and cheerfully perienced in Action, and unacquaint-
forbear any further Preparations, and ed with the Myſteries, and neceffary
lay down their Force already raiſed. Policy of Government; ſevere Ob-
Which Replication, as they called fervers of the Law, and as ſcrupulous
it, to his Majeſty's Anſwer, they in all Matters relating to it, as the o-
ordered to be printed, and read in all ther pretended to be. All his Ma-
Churches and Chappels within the jeſty's antient Counſellors, and Ser-
Kingdom of England and Dominion of vants (except ſome few of laſting Ho-
Wales.
nour, whom we ſhall have Occaſion
And ſo the War was now denounc'd often to mention) that they might re-
by their expreſs Words againſt his deem former Overſights, or for other
Majeſty; as it been long before in unworthy Deſigns, being either pub-
their Actions; and both Parties feem'd lickly againſt him in London,' or pri-
to give over all Thoughts of further vately diſcrediting his Intereſt and
Treaties, and Overtures; and each Actions, in his own Conrt. Theſe
prepared to make themſelves conſidera- Men ſtill urg'd the Execution of the
ble by the Strength and Power of Law; that what Extravagancies foever
ſuch Forces as they could draw to the Parliament praetiſed, the King's
gether.
Obſervation of the Law would, in the
But the Preparations were not made End, ſuppreſs them all. And, indeed,
with equal Expedition, and Succeſs believ'd the raiſing a War to be ſó
by the King, towards a War: For, wicked a Thing, that they thought it
though he well underſtood, and dif- impoſſible the Parliament ſhould in-
cern'd, that he had nothing elſe to tend it, even when they knew what
he
encounter they were doing. However they con-
ſtrange Difficulties to do that. He cluded, That be that was forwardeſt in
was to far from ħaving Money to the preparing an Army, would be firſt
levy, or pay Soldiers, that he was, at odious to the People ; by the Affections
this Time, compelld for very real of whom, the other would be eaſily. Jup-
want, to let fall all the Tables kept preft.
by his Officers of State in Court, by This was the general receivd Doc,
which ſo many of all Qualities ſub- trine; and though it appear'd plainly
and the Prince, and Duke of to others, how fatal thofe Concluſions,
Yörk, eat with his Majeſty ; which in that Senſe in which they were urg-
Table onlỹ was kept. And that which ed, muſt prove to the whole King-
wa så greater want than Money, which dom; and how foon the King muſt
Men rather feared than found, there be irrecoverably loft, if he proceeded
were no Arms; for, notwithſtanding not more vigorouſly in his Defence;
the Fame of the great Store of Am- yet even thoſe Men durft not, in any
munition, brought in by that Ship, it form’d and publiek Debate, declare
conſiſted only in truth of Canon, themſelves; or ſpeak that plain En-
Powder, and Bullet, with eight hun- glish the State of Affairs required ;
dred Muſquets, which was all the but fatisfied themſelves with ſpeaking,
King's Magazine. So that the what they thought neceffary, to the
haltning of Levies, which at this King in private; by which means the
Time was believed would not prove King wanted thoſe firm, and folid
difficult, would be to little purpoſe, Foundations of Counſel and Foreſight,
when they ſhould continue unarm’d. that were moft neceffary for his Con-
But that which troubled the King dition : So that he could neither im-
more than all theſe real incapacities of part the true Motives and Grounds of -
making War, was the Temper and any important Action, nor diſcover
Coriſtitution of his own Party; which the utmoſt of his Deſigns. And ſo
was compounded, for the moſt Part, he ſtill ſeem'd to intend nothing of
in Court, Council, and Country, of Hoftility, but in order to the redu-
Men drawn to him by the Impulfion cing of Hull; the Benefit of which he
of Conſcience; and abhorring the hoped, would engage the Train’d-
Bands
fifted;
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
20I
Bands of that great County (which the Fly-boat, in which the Lord Dig-
was the fole Strength he yet drew thi- by was, could not ſo well get away;
ther) till he could bring other Forces but was taken by them, and carried
thither, which might be fit for that, in with ſo much the more Triumph
or any other Deſign.
into Hull, that they had been diſap-
But there was another Reaſon of pointed of their greater Prize. Coll.
his Majeſty's going to, and ſtaying at Apburnham, though he was in great
Beverly, than was underſtood; and, Umbrage with the Parliament, and
it may be, if it had been known, one of thoſe Delinquents, whom they
might have produc'd a better Effect; reproached the King with, was ſo well
which I think neceffary to inſert in known to Sir John Hotham, with
this Place. The Lord Digby ,who had whom he ſtood in a good Degree of
left Engtand, when the King and Familiarity, that he could not diffem-
Queen were driven from London, and ble or conceal himſelf; but the Lord
was afterwards unreaſonably accuſed Digby, being in ſo real a Diſguiſe,
by the Houſe of Commons of High that his neareſt Friends would not ea-
Treaſon, had remain'd from that fily have known him, pretended to be
Time in Holland; and, hearing the a Frenchman, whoſe Language he
King's Condition at York, to be fo ſpoke excellently; and ſeem'd to be
much improv'd beyond what he left ſo Sea-ſick, that he kept himſelf in
it at Windſor, had, with ſome Com- the Hole of the Bark, till they came
mands from the Queen, arriv'd there to Hull; and, in that Time, diſpo-
very privately, and ſtay'd ſome Days fed of ſuch Papers as were not fit to
in a Diſguiſe at York, revealing him- be peruſed; and when he came on
ſelf to very few Friends, and ſpeaking Shore, ſo well counterfeited Sickneſs,
with the King in fo ſecret a Manner and Want of Health, that he eaſily
in the Night, that no Notice was ta- procured himſelf to be ſent, under a
ken of his being there ; and, finding Guard, to ſome obſcure Corner for
the King's Affairs not in ſo good a Repoſe ; whilft Coll. Ajhburnham,
Poſture as he expected, and conceiv- who was the only Priſoner they thought
ing it yet not fit for him to appear, worth the looking after, was carefully
reſolv'd to return again to the Queen, carried to the Governor ; who re-
to haſten that Proviſion of Arms and ceiv'd him with as much Civility, as
Ammunition, without which, it was he could reaſonably expect.
not poſſible for the King to reſiſt any The Lord Digby being by himſelf,
Volence that threaten'd him; and fo, quickly conſider'd the Deſperateneſs
in the fame Bark which brought him of his Condition : That it would not
over, he went again to Sea for Holland, be poſible for him to conceal himſelf long,
with Wilmot, Aſhburnham, Pollard, being ſo well known to many who were
.
and Berkley ; who purpoſely remov'd in the Providence, and the. Garriſoin
themſelves from Court, upon the Cla- quickly knowing whatſoever was spoken
mour of the Parliament, till the King of in the Country : That he was, how
was ready to uſe their Service. They unjuſtly and unreaſonably ſoever, the
were not many Hours at Sea, when moſt odious Man of the Kingdom to the
they met the Providence (which we Parliament, into whoſe Hands, if he
mention'd before) with the Ammuni- fhould then come, bis Life would be, at
tion, which was only wanted; and, leaſt in apparent Hazard : And how
well knowing her, they agreed, That to get himſelf out of that Labyrinth
Wilmot, Pollard, and Berkley, should was very difficult, fince Sir John Ho-
return with the Ammunition to the King; tham was fo far from any Inclination
and Digby, and Coll. Afhburnham, of Kindneſs towards him, as he had
should purſue their former Intentions for own’d to Coll. Apburnham, that he
Holland. But their Parlies continued was in the Number of his moſt noto-
ſo long, that the Parliament Ships, rious Enemies. However, in this e-
who had watched and chaſed the Pro- minent Extremity, he reſolved not to
vidence, came up to them; and give himſelf over ; and found Means
though the Ship eſcaped!, and run on to make one of his Guard, in broken
Shorc, as was before mention'd, yet Engliſh, which might well have be-
Eee
58
come
7
202
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
come any Frenchman, underſtand, That (for, being now told who he was, he
be deſired to ſpeak' privately with the wonder'd he found it not out himſelf)
Governor; and that be would diſcover he deſir'd him to ſay no more for the
ſome Secrets of the King's and Queen's preſent ; that he ſhould not be ſorry for
to him, that would highly advance the the Trust be repoſed in him, and ſhould
Service of the Parliament. The Fel- find him the ſame Man he thought him :
low made Haſte to let the Governor That he would find ſome Time, as soon
know theſe good Iidings; who un as conveniently be might, to have more
derſtanding French well, as ſpeedily Conference with him. In the mean
ſent for the Frenchman, who was time, that he ſhould content himſelf
brought before him in the Preſence of with the ill Accommodation he had, the
much Company, and, without any Amendment whereof would beget Sufpi-
Diſorder, gave ſuch an Account of cion : And so be called the Guard in.
himſelf, as they underſtood him to ſtantly to carry him away, and to have
have ſeen much of the French Service, a very ſtrict Eye upon him; and, turn-
and to have come over recommended ing to the Company, and being con-
to the King for ſome Command, if he ſcious to himſelf of the Trouble and
ſhould have Occaſion to uſe Soldiers; Diſorder in his Countenance, told
as, he ſaid, People abroad conceiv'd then, That the Frenchman was a
him likely to have. After he had en- ſhrewd Fellow, and underſtood more of
tertain'd the Company with ſuch Dif- the Queen's Counſels and Deſigns, than
courſe, there being preſent fome Gen a Man would ſuſpect : That be bad
tlemen, who came lately out of France, told him that which the Parliament
and fo being the more curious to ad- would bė glad to know; to whom pre.
miniſter Queſtions, he applied himſelf Sently he would make a Diſpatch, though
to the Governor; and told him, that he had not yet ſo clear Informations, as,
if he might be admitted to Privacy with be preſum’d, be ſhould have after two
him, he would diſcover fomewhat to or three Days : And ſo departed to
him, which he would not repent to have his Chamber.
known.
Hotham was, by his Nature, and
The Governor who was a Man apt Education, a rough and a rude Man;
enough to fear his own Safety, but of great Covetouſneſs, of great Pride,
more apprehenſive of the Jealouſies and great Ambition ; without any
which would attend him (for his eld- Bowels of good Nature, or the leaſt
et Son, and ſome others, were more Senſe or Touch of Generogty; his
abſolutely confided in by the Parlia-. Parts were not quick and ſharp, but
ment than himſelf, and were in Truth compoſed, and he judged well; he
but Spies over him) would not ven was a Man of Craft, and more like to
ture himſelf in another Room; but deceive, than to be cozen'd: Yet, af.
drew him to a great Window at ą ter all this, this young Noble Man,
convenient Diſtance from the Com- known, and abhorr'd by him, for his
pany, and wiſhed him to ſay what he admirable Faculty of Diſfimulation,
thought fit. The Lord. Digby, find- had ſo far prevaild, and impoſed up-
ing he could not obtain more Privacy, on his Spirit, that he reſolv'd to
prac-
afked him, in Engliſki, Whether he tiſe that Virtue, which the other had
knew him? the other, ſurprized, told imputed to him, and not to ſuffer him
him, No; Then, ſaid 'he, I ſhall try to fall into the Hands of his Enemies.
tuhether I knowo Sir John Hotham; He ſent for him, the next Day, at an
and whether be be in truth, the ſame Hour when he was more vacant from
Man of Honour, I have always taken Attendants, and Obſervers; and, at
hin to be : And thereupon, told him firſt, told him his Reſolution ; That,
who he was; and, that he hoped he fince be had so frankly put himſelf into
was too much a Gentleman to deliver bis Hands, he would not deceive his
him up a Sacrifice to their Rage and Trust; and wiſh'd him, To conſider,
Fury, who, he well knew, were bis in what Way, and by what Colour, he
implacable Enemies. The other, be- jould ſo ſet him at Liberty, that he
ing aſtoniſhid, and fearing that the might, without any other Danger, ar-
By-ſtanders would diſcover him too rive at the Place where be would be.
For,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
203
For, he ſaid, he would not trust any grees,' amuſed and terrified him with
Perſon living with the Secret, and least this Diſcourſe, he enlarged upon the
of all his Son; whom he mention'd Honour and Glory, that Man would
with all the Bitterneſs imaginable, as bave, who could be so bleſſed, as to pre-
a Man of an ill Nature, and furiouſly vent this terrible Confuſion, that was in
addicted to the worst Deſigns the Par- View: That King and People would
liament had, or could have. · Then la- joyn in rewarding him with Honours,
mented his own Fate, That, being a and Preferments of all kinds ; and that
Man of very different Principles from his Name would be derived to Pofterity,
tboſe who drove Things to this Extremi as the Preſerver of his country. He
ty, and of entire Affection and Duty to told him, He was that Man, that
the King, be should now be look'd upon could do all this; that, by delivering up
as the chief Ground, and Cauſe of the Hull to the King, be might extinguiſh
Civil War which was to inſue, by his the Wars' and that immediately a Peace
not opening the Ports, when the King would be
would be eſtabliſh'd throughout the
would have enter'd into the Town: Of Kingdom : All theſe Advertiſements,
which Buſineſs, and of all the Circum- and Reflections, were the Subject of
ſtances attending it, he ſpake at large ; more than one Diſcourſe; for Sir John
and avow'd, That the Information ſent Hotham could not bear the Variety,
bim of the King's Purpoſe preſently to and Burden of all thoſe Thoughts to-
bang bim, was the true Cauſe of his gether ; but within two Days all
baving proceeded in that Manner. Things were adjuſted between them.
The Lord Digby, who knew well Hotbam faid, If the King would come
enough how to cultivate every Period before the Town, though but with one
of ſuch a Diſcourſe, and how to work Regiment, and plant his Cannon againſt
upon thoſe Paſſions which were moſt .. it, and make but one Shot, be ſhould
predominant in him, joyn’d with him think he had diſcharged his Truſt to the
in the Senſe of the Calamities, which Parliament, as far as be ought to do;
were like to befal the Nation; which and that he would. immediately then de-
he bewail'd pathetically; and, That liver up the Town ; which be made no
it ſhould be in the Power of a handful Doubt but that he ſhould be then able to
of ill Men, corrupted in their Affe£tions do. And, on this Errand, he was
to the King, and against Monarchy it- contented the Lord Digby ſhould go to
ſelf, to be able to involve him, and ma the King, and be conducted out of the
ny others of his clear Intentions, in their Town beyond the Limits of Danger;
dark Counſels, and to engage them to the Governor having told thoſe offi-
proſecute Ends which they abhorr’d, cers he truſted moſt, that he would
and which must determine in the ſend the Frenchman to York; who, he
Ruin of all the Undertakers. For, he was well aſſured, would return to him
told him, that the King, in a ſhort again. He gave him likewiſe a Note
Time, would reduce all bis Enemies : to a Widow, who liv'd in that City,
That the Hearts of the People were als at whoſe Houſe he might lodge, and
ready, in all Places, alienated from them; by whoſe Hands he might tranſmit
and that the Fleet was so much at the any Letters to him.
King's Diſpoſal, that, as ſoon as they When he came to York, and after
should receive his Orders, they would he had ſpoke with the King, it was
appear in any Place be appointed : refolvd, he ſhould appear in his own
That all the Princes in Chriſtendom likeneſs, and wait upon the King in
were concern'd in the Quarrel, and Publick, that it might be believ'd,
would engage in it, as ſoon as tbey that he had tranſported himſelf from
ſhould be invited in it: And that the Holland in the Ship that brought the
Prince of Orange was reſolv'd to come Ammunition, which was hardly yet
over in the Head of his Army, and come to York, it being now about the
would take Hull in three Days. All Time that Mr. Villiers, and Sir John
which ought, reaſonably, to have Pennington had been ſent away, and
been true in the Practick, though it before the News came of their ill Suc-
had
very little Ground in the Specu- ceſs. This was the Cauſe of the fud-
lation. And when he had;. by De den March towards Hull, before there
was
1
204
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
For as
1
was a Soldier levied to make an Af- no hard Matter to take a full View of
fault or maintain a Siege ; which was the Town, by riding to the very.
ſo much wonder'd at then, and ſo Ports; and about the Walls; nor, at
much cenſur'd afterwards.
firſt Appearance, was there any She!
foon as his Majeſty receiv'd this Affu- of Hoftility from the Town upon their
rance, which he had ſo much Reaſon neareſt Approaches to it; but after
to depend upon, by the Treatment they had made that Viſit two or three
the Lord Digby had receiv'd, he de- Days together, they obſerv'd that the
clared, he would, upon ſuch a Day, Walls were better Mannn'd, and that
go to Beverly, a place within four there was every Day an Increaſe of
Miles of Hull; and appointed three Labourers repairing the Works; and
or fcur Regiments of the Country, then they begun to ſhoot, when they
under the Command of ſuch Gentle- went within Diſtance of the Works.
men whoſe Affection was unqueſtiona All this while Sir John Hotham had
able, to march thither, as a Guard to tried ſome of his officers, in whoſe
his Perſon; and likewiſe-ſent a little particular Affection he had moſt Con-
Train of Artillery, which might be fidence, how far they were like to be
ready for the Summons.
govern’d by him; and found them of
When his Majeſty was ready with a Temper not to be rely'd upon. His
this Equipage for his March, the Son was grown jealous of ſome Deſign,
Lord Digby return'd again in his old and was caballing with thoſe who were
Diſguiſe to Hüll, to make ſure that all moſt notorious for their Diſaffection
Things there might correſpond with to the Government; and new Officers
the former Obligation. As ſoon as were ſent down, by the Parliament;
the King, and the whole Court (for to affift in the Defence of the Town,
none remain'd at York) came to Be- which, they thought, might probably
verly (where they were all accommo- be attempted ; and Supplies of Men
dated, which 'kept them from being had been taken in from the Ships, and
quickly weary) and the Train'd-Bands had been ſent thither from Boſton, a
were likewiſe come thither, the Gene- Town upon the ſame Coaſt, of emi-
ral, the Earl of Lindſey, firſt took nent Diſloyalty. So that, when the
Poffefſion of his Office; a little trou- Lord Digby. return'd thither, he found
bled, and out of Countenance, that a great Damp' upon the Spirit of the
he ſhould appear the General without Governor, and a Sadneſs of Mind,
án Army; and be engaged in an En- that he had proceeded ſo far ; of which
terprize, which he could not imagine his Lordſhip made all the Haſte' he
would ſucceed. His Majeſty order'd could to advertiſe the King ; but his
him to ſend out ſome Officers, of Letters muſt be ſent to Pork before
which there was a good Store, to take they could come to Beverly; and,
a View of the Town, and of ſuch Ad- when they were receiv'd, they con-
vantage Ground, within Diſtance, tain'd ſtill ſomewhat of Hope, that he
upon which he might raiſe a Battery; ſhould be able to reſtore him to his
as if he meant on a ſudden to aſſault former Courage, and confirm his Re-
the Place; which appear'd no unrea ſolution : So that the King ſeem'd to
fonable Deſign, if there were a good defer any Attempt, upon the Hopes
Party in the Town to depend upon. of the Earl of Holland's Meſſage be-
And yet the General had no Opinion, fore mention'd, and, in the End, he
that his Army of Train’d-Bands would was compellid to give over the De-
frankly expoſe themſelves to ſuch an ſign, all Hope from the Governor
Attack : Beſides a great Number of growing deſperate; whether from his
Officers, and Perſons of Quality, who Want of Courage, or Want of Power
were all well horſed, and had many to execute what he deſir’d, remains
Servants as well provided, the King ſtill uncertain. When Sir John Ho-
had his Troop of Guards ſo conftitu. thảm gave over further Thoughts of
ted, as hath been ſaid before ; and it, he diſmiſſed both the Lord Digby
there were few Horſe in Hull, and and Coll. Abburnham, whom he had
thoſe without Officers who underſtood likewiſe detain'd till then, as a Man
that kind of Service. So that it was of Uſe in the Execution of the Deſign,
:
withi
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
205
. ܀
with many Profeſſions of Duty to the able Diſhonour, and Damage the
King; and as the concealing thoſe King ſuſtain'd by that Diſcourſe, hoiv
two Perſons, and afterwards releaſing groundleſs ſoever it was; all which
them, immediately increaſed the Jea- was imputed to Coll
. Goring, who,
lquły of the Parliament againſt him, by that Means, grew into great Repu-
Do it was the principal Cauſe, after- tation with the Parlianient, as a Man
wards, of the Loſs of his Head. ſo irrecoverably loſt at Court, that he
The King diſmiſſed the Train’d- would joyn with them in the moſt
Bands, and return’d with his Court to deſperate Defigns ; yėt he carried
York, in ſo much leſs Credit than himſelf with ſo great Dexterity; that,
when he went from thence, as the en within few Months, he wrought upon
tring into a War without Power, or the King and Queen to believe, that
Preparation to proſecute it, was like he ſo much repented that Fault, that
to produce. The Inconvenience was he would redeem it by any Service;
the greater, becauſe the principal and to truſt him to that Degree, that
Perſons of Quality, of Court or Coun- the Queet once, reſolv'd, when the
try, and the Officers had the leſs Re- Tumults ałove their Majeſties firſt
verence for the King's Conduct; by ſee- from London, for her Security, to pui
ing ſuch an Action enter'd upon with ſo herſelf into Portſmouth, which was un
little Reaſon, proſecuted ſo perfuncto- der his Government; whilſt his Mad
rily: All which Reproaches his Ma- jeſty betook himſelf to the Northern
jeſty thought fitter to bear, than to Parts; which Deſign' was no ſooner
diſcover the Motives of his Journey; over (if not before) than he, again,
which were then known to few, nor, intimated ſo much of it to the Lord
to this Day, have been publiſhed. Kimbolton, and that Party, that they
When the King return'd to York, took all the Truſt he had from Court,
exceedingly troubled at the late March to proceed from the Confidence their
he had made, and all Men expreſfing Majeſties had of his Father's Intereſt
great Impatience to be in Action, ve in him; whoſe Affection and Zeal to
ry many Perſons of Honour and Qua- their Service was ever moſt indubita-
lity, having attended long at Court, ble : But aſſured themſelves, he was
believing they might be more uſeful their own, even againſt his own Fa-
to his Majeſty's Service in their own ther. So that he carried the Matter
Countries, in reſtraining the Diſaf- ſo, that, at the ſame Time, he re-
fected from any feditious Attempts, ceived 3000l. from the Queen (which
and diſpoſing the People in general to ſhe had raiſed by the Sale of her Plate,
be conſtant in their Loyalty, an Ac- and ſome Jewels) to fortify, and vic-
cident fell out, that made it abfo tual, and reinforce his Garriſon, a-
lutely neceffary for the King to de- gainſt the Time it ſhould be neceſſary
clare the War, and to enter upon it, to declare for the King; and a good
before he was in any Degree ripe for Snpply from the Parliament, for the
Action; which was, that Portſmouth Payment of the Garriſon, that it
had declar'd for the King, and refu- might be kept the better devoted to
ſed to ſubmit to the Parliament; them, and to their Service. All
which had thereupon ſent an Army which he perform'd with that admira-
under the Command of Sir Williain ble Diſſimulation, and rare Confi-
Waller, to reduce it. The relating dence, that, when the Houſe of Com-
how it came to paſs, requires a large mons was inform’d by a Member,
Diſcourſe, and will adminiſter much whoſe Zeal and Affection to them was
Variety, not without ſomewhat of as much valued as any Man's, That all
Pleaſure and Wonder, from the Tem- bis Correſpondence in the Country was
per and Spirit of the Perſon who con. with the most malignant Perſons; that
ducted that Action ; if it can be ſaid of thoſe, many frequently reſorted to,
to be conducted without any Conduct. and continued with him in the Garriſon;
We have remember'd before, in that he was fortifying, and raiſing Bat-
the laſt Year, the Diſcourſe of the teries towards the Land : And that,
bringing up the Army to London to in his Diſcourſe, eſpecially in the Sea-
awe the Parliament, and the unſpeak- Sons of his good Fellowhip, he uſed to
60 .
Fff
206 The Hiſtòry of ihre Rebellion
..ster Threats againſt the Parliament, and Scorns, to what had been ſaid of
and ſharp Cenſures of their Proceedings; him, with pretty Application of him-
and upon ſuch Informations (the Au- ſelf, and Flattery to the Men that
thor whereof was well known to them, ſpake it : That they well knew, in
and of great Reputation ; and liv’d to what Effeem bé stood with others ! só
near Portſmouth, that he could not be that if, by his ill Carriage, he should
miſtaken, in the Matter of Fact) the forfeit the good Opinion of ibat Houſe;
Houſe ſent for him, moſt thinking he upon which he only depended, and to
would refuſe to come ; Coll. Goring whoſe Service be entirely devoted himſelf,
çame, upon the Summons, with that he were medder than his Friends took
Undauntedneſs
, that all Clouds of him to be, and muft be as unpitied in ang
Diſtruſt immediately vaniſhed, info- Miſery; that could befal him; as his
much that no Man preſumed to whif- Enemies would be glad to ſee him.
per the leaſt Jealouſy of him; which With which, as innocently and un-
he obſerving, came to the Houſe of affectedly utter'd, as can be imagin'd;
Commons, of which he has a Mem- he got ſo general an Applauſe from
ber; and having ſate a Day or two the whole Houſe, that, not without
patiently, as if - he expected ſome fome little Apology for troubling him;
Charge, in the End he ſtood up, with they deſir'd him again to repair to his
a Countenance full of Modeſty; and Government, and to furniſh thoſe
yet not without a Mixture of Anger, Works, which were neceſſary for the
and told them, That be bad been Jent Safety of the Place; and gratified him
for by them, upon Some Information with conſenting to all the Propoſitions,
given againſt him, and that, though he he made in the Behalf of his Garriſon,
believ'd, the Charge being ſo ridiculous, and paid him a good Sum of Money
they might have receiv'd, by their own for their Arrears; with which, and
particular Inquiry, "Satisfaétion; yet being privately aſſured (which was in-
the Diſcourſes that had been uſed, and deed reſolv'd on) that he ſhould be
his being ſent for in that Manner, had Lieutenant General of their Horſe in
begot some Prejudice to him in his Re- their new Army, when it ſhould be
putations which if he could not preſerve, formd, he departed again to Ports-
he should be leſs able to do them Service ; mouth; in the mean Time, aſſuring
and therefore deſired, that he might have his Majeſty by thoſe who were truſted
leave, though very unſkilful, and unfit between them, That he would be ſpeedi-
to: Speak, in so wiſe and judicious an ly in a Poſture to make any ſuch De-
Aſſembly; to preſent to them the State claration for bis Service, as he ſhould be
and Condition of that place under bis requir'd; which he was forced to do
Command; and then be doubted not but ſooner than he was provided for it,
to give them full Satisfaction in thoſe though not ſooner than he had reaſon
Particulars, which poſibly, had made to expect.
Some Impreſion in them to his . Diſad When the Levies for the Parliament
vantage : That he was far from taking Army were in good Forwardneſs, and
it ill from thoſe, who had given any In- that Lord had receiv'd his Commiſſion
formation againſt him; for, what be for Lieutenant General of the Horſe;
kad done, and muſt do, might give ſome he wrote to the Lord Kimbolton, who
Umbrage to well affected Perſons, who was his moſt Boſom Friend, and a
knew not the Grounds and Reaſons, Man very powerful, deſiring, That ke
that induced him fo to do; but that if might not be called to give his Atten.
any ſuch Perſon would, at any Time, dance upon the Army, till it was ready
reſort to him, he would clearly inform to march;. becauſe there were so many
them of whatever Motives he had; and Things to be done, and perfected, for
would be glad of their Advice, and Af- the Safety of that important Place, tbat
fiſtance for the better doing thereof. he was deſirous to be preſent himſelf af
Then he took Notice of every. Par- the Work as long as was poſſible. In
ticular that had been publickly fall a- the mean Time, he had given Directions
gainſt him, or privately whiſper'd, to bis Agent in London, to prepare all
and gave ſuch plauſible Anſwers to the Things for bis Equipage ; so that be
Whole, intermningling, ſharp Taunts, would be ready to appear, at any Ren-
dezvous,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. £ 205
dezvous, upon a Days warning. Though and they loft no Time in endeavour:
the Earl of Eſex did much deſire his ing to reduce it; but, upon the firſt
Company and Affiftance in the Coun- underſtanding his Reſolution, Sir Wil-
cil of War, and preparing the Arti- ļiam Waller was ſent with a good Part
cles, and forming the Diſcipline for of the Army, ſo to block it up, that
the Army, he having been more latė- neither Men, nor Proviſion, might be
ly verſed in the Order and Rule of able to get in; and ſome Ships were
Marches, and the Proviſions neceffary, ſent from the Fleet; to prevent Relief
or convenient thereunto, than any by Şea : And theſe Advertiſements
Man then in their Service, and of came to the King; as ſoon as he re-
greater Commard than any Man but turn'd to York.
the General; yet the Lord Kimbolion It gave no ſmall Reputation to his
prevail'd, that he might not be ſent Majeſty's Affairs, when there was ſo
for; till Things were riper for Action. great a Damp upon the Spirits of Men,
And, when that Lord did after- from the Miſadventures at. Beverly.
wards write to him, That it was Time that fo ngęáble a Place as Portſmouth
be should come away, he ſent ſuch new, had declared for him, in the very be-
and reaſonable Éxcuſes, that they ginning of the War; and that ſo good
were not unſatisfied with his Delay; an Officer as Goring, was return'd to
till he had multiplied thoſe Excuſes fo his Duty, and in the Poffeffion of
long, that they begun to ſuſpect; and the Town: And the King, who was
they no ſooner inclined to Sufpicion, not ſurprized with the Matter, know-
but they met with abundant Arguments ing well the Reſolution of the Colonel,
to cheriſh it. His Behaviour and made no doubt; but that he was very
Courſe of Life was very notorious to well ſupplied with all Things, as he
all the Neighbours, nor was he at all might well have been, to have given
reſerv'd in his Mirth, and publick the Rebels Work for three, or four
Diſcourſes, to conceal his Opinion of Months, at the leaſt. Whereupon,
she Parliament; and their Proceed- he forth with publiſh'd a Declaration,
ings.
thàt had been long ready, in which
So that, at laſt, the Lord Kimbol- he recapitulated all the infolent, and
ton writ plainly to him, That he could rebellious Actions the two Houſes had
no longer excuſe his Abſence from the committed againſt him; and declared
Army, where he was much wanted; them to be guilty; and forbid all his
.
and thet, if he did not come to London Subjects to yield any. Obedience to them :
by ſuch a hort Day, as be named, be And, at the ſame Time, publiſhed his
found his Integrity would be doulted; Proclamation ; by which he required
end that many Things were laid to his all Men, who could bear Arms, to rea
Charge; of which he doubted not his In- pair to him at Nottingham ; by the
nocence; and therefore conjured him, 25th of Auguſt following ; on which
immediately; to be at Weſtminſter, it Day, he would ſet up his. Royal Stan-
being now to be no longer deferrd, or dard there, which all good Subjects were
put off. He writ à jolly Letter to that obliged to attend.
Lord, Tbat, ibe Truth was, his Coun At the ſame Time, he ſent the Mar-
ċil adviſed him, that the Parliament quis of Hertford' to raiſe Forces in the
did many Things which weré illegal; Weſt, or, at leaſt, to reſtrain thoſe
and that he might incur much Danger Parts, within the Limits of their Du-
by obeying all their Orders; that he had ty to the King, and from being cor-
received the Command of that Garriſon rupted, or perverted by the Parliament,
from the King; and that he durft not be and with him' went the Lord Seymour,
abſent from it, without his Leave : his Brother ; the Lord Pawlét, Hop-
And concluded with ſome good Coun- ton, Stawel, Coventry, Berkely, Wind-
fel to the Lord.
ham, and ſome other Gentlemen, of
This Declaration of the Governor the prine Quality, and Intereſt in the
of a Place, which had the Reputation Weitern Parts; who were like to give
of being the only Place of Strength in as good Examples in their Perſons,
England, and ſituated upon the Sea, and to be follow'd by as many Men,
put them into many Apprehenſions, as any ſuch Number of Gentlemen in
England
*
208
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
England could be. And from this would inevitably make that Country the
Party, enliven'd by the Power, and Seat of the War: Unſkilfully ima-
Reputation of the Marquis, the King gining, that the War would be no
was in Hopes, that Portſmouth would where, but. where the King's Army
be ſhortly relieved, and made the head was; and therefore they facilitated all
Quarter to a good Army. When all Things, which might contribute to
this was done, he did all that was his Remove from thence; undertook;
poſſible to be done, without Money, to provide Convoys for any
Arms and
to haſten his Levies of Horſe and Ammunition from Newcaſtle ; to ha.-
Foot, and to prepare a light Train of ſten the Levies in their own Couņtry;
Artillery ; that he might appear at and to borrow. the Arms of ſome of
Nottingham, at the Day when the the Train'd-Bands; which was the
Standard was to be ſet up, with ſuch beſt Expedient that could be found
a Body of Men, as might be, at the out, to arm the King's Troops, and
leaſt, a competent Guard to his Per- had its Reverſe in the Murmurs it
fon.
produced, and in leaving the beſt af-
Many were then of Opinion, That fected Men, by, being difarm’d, at
it had been more for his Majeſty's Be- the Mercy of their Enemies; who
nefit and Service, if the Standard had carefully kept their Weapons, that
been appointed to be ſet up at York; they might be ready to fight againſt
and ſo that the King had ſtay'd there, the King. This cauſed the Reſolution
without moving further South, untill be to be taken for Nottingham, without
could have marched in the Head of an enough weighing the Objections,
Army, and not to depend upon gathering which, upon the Entrance into great
an Army up in his March. All the Actions, cannot be too much delibe-
Northern Counties were, at preſent, rated, though, in the Execution,
most at his Devotion; and so it would they were beſt ſhut out. And it quick-
be most eaſy to raiſe Men there: New- ly appear'd in thoſe very Men, who
caſtle was the only Port in his Obedi- prevail'd moſt in that Council; for,
ence, and whither he had appointed bis when the Time drew on, in which his
Supplies of Arms, and Ammunition to Majeſty was to depart, and leave the
be ſent ; of which he had so preſent Country, then they remember'd, Tbat
Need, that all his Magazine, whioh, the Garriſon of Hull would be
was brought in the Providence, was Thorn in their Sides, where there were
already diſtributed to thoſe few Gentle- well form’d, and ačtive Troops, which
men, who had received Commiſſions, and might march over the Country without
were most like ſpeedily to raiſe their controul, and come into York itſelf witka
Regiments; and it would be a very out Reſiſtance : That there were many
long, and might prove a very dangerous diſaffected Perſons of Quality, and In,
Paſage to get the Supplies, which were tereſt in the Country, who, as soon as
daily expected, to be brought with Secu- the King ſhould be gone, would appear
rily from Newcaſtle, when the King amongſt their Neighbours, and find a
Mould be advanced so many Days Four- Concurrence from them in their worst
ney beyond York,
Deſigns; and that that there were ſome
All which were very important Places, ſome whole Corporations, ſo no
Conſiderations, and ought to have pre- toriouſly diſaffeeted, eſpecially in Mat.
vailed; but the King's Inclinaţions to ters relating to the Church, that they
be nearer London, and the Expecta- wanted only .Conductors to carry them
tion he had of great Effects from into Rebellion.
Portſmouth, and the Weſt, diſpoſed Theſe, and the like Reflections,
him to a Willingneſs to prefer Not-, made too late Impreſſions upon them;
tingham ; but that which determin’d and now, too much, they magnified
the Point, was an apparent, and ma this Man's Power, whom before they
nifeſt Averſion in the Yorkſhire Gentle- contemn'd; and doubted that Man's
men, who Affections were leaſt ſuf- Affection, of which they were before
peeted, that his Majeſty ſhould con ſecure; and made a thouſand Propo- .
tinue, and remain at York; Which, fitions to the King this.Day, whereof
they fad, ke people apprehended, they rejected the greateſt Part to mor-
+
FOW
.
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 209
row; and, as the Day approached than Parties to its and believ'd, if
nearer for the King's Departure, their they did not provoke the other Party,
Apprehenſions and Irreſolutions in- they might all live quietly together ;
creaſed. In the End, they were uni; until Sit John Hothan, by his Excur-
ted in two Requeſts to the King;, that, fions, and Depredations at Hull, and
He would commit the ſupreme Comimand their feditious Neighbours, by their
of the Country, with Reference to all Inſurrections, awaken’d them out of
Miliiary Affàirs, to the Earl of Cum- that pleaſant Dream. And then the
berland; and qualify him, with an am- greateſt Part of the Gentry of that pom
ple Coinmiſſion, to that Purpoſe. The pulous Country, and very many of the
other, That his Majeſty wonld com Common Peopley* did behave them
mand Sir Thomas Glemham to remain ſelves with ſignal Fidelity, -and Cou-
with them, to govern and command ſuch rage in the King's Service : Of all:
Forces, as the Earl of Cumberland which Particulars, which deſerve well
ſhould find: neceſſary for their Defence. to be remember'd, and tranſmitted to
And this Proviſion being made by the Poſterity, there will be Occaſion to
King, they obliged themſelves to make Mention, in the following Dif-.
concur in making any Preparations, courſe.
and forming any Forces the Earl The King came to Nottingham two
ſhould require. His Majeſty, as wil or three Days before the Day he had
lingly, gratified them in both their appointed to ſet up the Standard 3
Deſires. The Earl of Cumberland was having taken Lincoln in his Way, and
a Man of great Honour and Integrity, drawn fome Arms from the Train’d-
who had all his Eftate in that Coun- Bands of that Country with him to
try, and had lived moſt amongſt Nottingham; from whence, the next
them, with very much Acceptation, Day, he went to take a View of his
and Affection from the Gentlemen, Horſe; whereof there were ſeveral
and the Common People : But he Troops well arm’d, and under good
was not, in any Degree, Active, or Officers, to the Number of ſeven or
of a Martial Temper; and rather: a eight hundred Men; with which, be-
Man more like not to have any.Ene- ing. inform’d, That there were some
mies, than to oblige any to be firmly, Regiments of Foot marching towards
and reſolutely his Friends, or to pur- Coventry, by the Earl of Effex bis Ori
ſue his Intereſt : The great Fortune ders, he made Haſte thither ; making
of the Family was divided, and the little Doubt, but that he ſhould be
greater Part of it carried away by an able to get thither before them, and ſo
Heir. Female; and his Father had fo
to poflets himſelf of that City; and he
waſted the Remainder, that the Earl did get thither the Day before they
could not live with that Luſtre, nor came; but found, not only the Gates
draw ſo great a Dependance upon hut againſt him, but ſome of his Ser:
him, as his Anceſtors had done. In yants ſhot, and wounded from the
å Word, he was a: Man of Honour, Walls : Nor could all his Meſſages,
and popular enough in Peace, but not. and Summons prevail with the Mayor
endued with thoſe Parts which were and Magiſtrates, before there was any
neceſſary for ſuch a Seaſon.
Garriſon there, to ſuffer the King to
Sir Thomas Glemham was a Gentle- enter into the Ctty. So great an In-
man of a noble Extraction, and a fair tereſt and Reputation the Parliament
Fortune, though he had very much had gotten over the Affections of that
impaired it; he had ſpent many Years People, whoſe Hearts were alienated
in Armies, beyond the Seas ; and he from any Reverence to the Govern-
had been an Officer of very good E. ment,
fteem in the King's Armies, and of The King could .not remedy the
Courage, and Integrity unqueſtiona- Affront, bụt went that · Night to
ble; but he was not of ſo ſtirring and Stonely, the Houſe then of Sir Thomas
active a Nature, as to be able to infuſe Lee; where he was well receiv'd; and,
Fire enough into the Flegmatick Con- the next Day, his Body of Horſe,
ftitutions of that People, who did ras having a clear View, upon an open
ther wiſh to be Spectators of the War, Campania, for five or ſix Miles toge-
61
ther,
+
G88
MIO
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
ther, of the Enemies ſmall Body of at Nottingham, which was on the
Foot, which conſiſted not of above 25th of Auguſt, he found the Place
twelve hundred Men with one Troop much emptier than he thought the
of Horſe, which marched with them Fame ofh is Standard would have ſuf-
over that Plain, retired ķefore them, fer'd it to be ; and receiv'd Intelligence
without giving them one Charge; the next Day, that the Rebels Army,
which was imputed to the ill Conduct for ſuch now he had declared them,
of Wilmot, who commanded ; and was. Horſe, Foot, and Cannon, at
had a colder Courage, than many Northampton ; beſides that Party
who were under him, and who were which we left at Coventry :
Where.
of Opinion, that they might have ea as his few Cannon and Ammunition
fily defeated that Body of Foot : were ſtill at York, being neither yet
Which would have been a very ſea in an Equipage to march, though Sir.
ſonable Victory; would have put Co- John Heyden, his Majeſty's, faithful
ventry unqueſtionably into the King's Lieutenant of the Ordnance, uſed all
Hands, and ſent him with a good o- poſſible Diligence to form and prepare
men to the ſetting up of his Standard. it; neither were there Foot enough le-
Whereas,
that unhappy. Retreat, vy’d. to guard it : And at Notting-
which looked like a Defeat, and the bam, belides fome few of the Train'd.
rebellious Behaviour of Coventry, made Bands, which Sir John Digby, the
his Majeſty's Return to Nottingham active Sheriff of that County, drew
very melancholy; whither he return’d into the old ruinous Caſtle there, there
the very Day the Standard was ap were not of Foot levy'd for the Service
pointed to be ſet up.
yet three hundred Men. So that they
According to the Proclamation, who were not over much given to
upon the twenty fifth Day of August, Fear, finding very many places in
the Standard was erected, about fix of that great River, which was look'd
the Clock in the Evening of a very upon as the only Strength and Securi-
ſtormy, and tempeſtuous Day. The ty of the Town, to be eaſily fordable,
King himſelf, with a ſmall Train, and nothing towards an Army for De-
rode to the Top of the Caſtle Hill, fence, but the Standard ſet up, begun
Varney the Knight-Marſhal, who was ſadly to apprehend the Danger of the
Standard-Bearer, carrying the Stand- King's own Perſon. • Inſomuch this
ard, which was then erected, in that Sir Jacob Aſhley, his Serjeant-Major-
Place, with little other Ceremony than · General of his intended Army, told
the found of Drums, and Trumpets : him, That he could not give any Afu-
Melancholy Men obſervd many ill rance againſt his Majeſty's being taken
Paſſages about that Time. There was out of his Bed, if the Rebels ſhould make
not one Regiment of Foot yet brought a briſk Attempt to that Purpoſe. And
thither, ſo that the Train’d-Bands, it was evident, all the Strength he had
which the Sheriff had drawn together, to depend upon was his Horſe, which
were all the Strength the King had were under the Command of Prince
for his Perſon, and the Guard of the Rupert at Leiceſter, and were not at
Standard. There appear’d no-Conflux that Time in Number above eight
of Men in Obedience to the Procla- hundred, few better arm'd than with
mation ; the Arms, and Ammunition Swords; whilſt the Eenemy had,
were not yet come from York, and a within twenty Miles of that Place,
general Sadneſs cover'd the whole double the Number of Horſe, excel
Town. The Standard was blown lently arm’d and appointed, and a
down, the ſame Night it had been ſet Body of five thouſand Foot well train'd
up, by a very ſtrong and unruly · and diſciplin'd; ſo that, no doubt,
Wind,' and could not be fixed again if they had advanced, they might at
in a Day or two, till the Tempeſt was leaſt have diſperſed thoſe few Troops
allayed. This was the melancholy of the King's, and driven his Majeſty
State of the King's Affairs, when the to a greater Diſtance, and expoſed
Sttandard was ſet up.
him to notable Hazards and Incon-
veniencies.
When the King ſet up his Standard When Men were almoſt confound-
ed
6
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. żit
rous.
.
çes ;
ed with this Proſpect, his Majeſty re teſt Place, being a great, rich; and
ceiv'd Intelligence, that Portſmouth populous City; of which being once
was ſo ftreightly beſiegéd by Sea and poſſeſſed, they would be eaſily able to
Land, that it would be reduced in give the Law to Somerſet and Glou-
very few Days, except it were reliev'd. ceſterſhire; and could not receive any
For the Truth is, * Colonel Goring; Affront by a ſudden or tumultuary In-
though he had ſufficient Warning, furrection of the People. And if this
and ſufficient Supplies of Money to put Advice had been follow'd, it would,
that Place into a Poſture, had rely'd probably, have proved very proſpe-
too much upon probable and caſual But on the contrary, it was ob-
Affiitance, and neglected to do that jected, That it will not evident, that
himſelf which a vigilant Officer would his Lordſhip’s Reception into the City
have done : And abeit his chief De- would be ſuch as was expected; Mr.
pendance was both for Money and Hollis being Lieutenant thereof, and
Proviſions from the Ine of Wight, yet having exerciſed the Militia there ;
he was careleſs to ſecure thoſe ſmall and there being viſibly many diſaffect-
Caſtles and Block-houſes, that guarded ed People in it, and ſome of eminent
the Paſſage ; which revolting to the Quality ; and if he ſhould attempt to
Parliament as ſoon as he declared for go thither and be diſappointed, it
the King, cut off all thoſe Dependan- would break the whole Deſign : Then
; ſo that he had neither Men that it was out of the County of Sou
enough to do ordinary Duty, normerſet, and therefore that they could
Proviſions enough for thoſe few, for not legally draw that people thither;
any conſiderable Time. And at the beſides, that it would look like Fear
fame Time with this News of Ports and Suſpicion of their own Power, to
mouth; arriv'd certain Advertiſements, put themſelves into a walled Town, as
that the Marquis of Hertford, and all if they fear'd the Power of the other
his Forces in the Weſt," from whom Party would be able to oppreſs them,
only the King hoped that Portſmouth. Whereas, except Popham and Horner;
ſhould be reliev'd, was driven out of all the Gentlemen of eminent Quality
Somerſetſhire; where his Power and and Fortune of. Somerſetſhire, were ei-
Intereſt was believ'd unqueſtionable, ther preſent with the Marquis, or pre-
into Dorſetſhire ; and there beſieged in ſum'd not to be inclin'd to the Parlia-
Sherborne Caſtle.
And therefore they propos’d,
The Marquis, after he left the King That Wells, being a pleaſant City, in
at Beverley, by ordinary Journies, the Heart and near the Center of that
and without making any long Stay by County, might be choſen for his Lord-
the Way, came to Bath, upon the ſhip's Reſidence. Which was accord-
very Edge of Somerſetſhire, at the. ingly agreed on, and thither the Mar-
Time when the general Allizes were quis and his Train went, ſending for
there held; where, meeting all the the neareſt Train’d-Bands to appear
conſiderable Gentlemen of that great before him; and preſuming that in
County, and finding them well affect- little Time, by the Induſtry of the
ed to the King's Service, except very Gentlemen preſent, and his Lordſhip’s
few who were
fufficiently known, he Reputation, which was very great,
enter'd into a Conſultation with them the Affections of the People would be
from whom he was to expect Aflift- ſo much wrought upon, and their
ance, in what Place he ſhould moſt Underſtandings ſo well inform'd, that
conveniently fix himſelf for the better it would not be in the Power of the
diſpoſing the Affections of the People, Parliament to pervert them, or to
and to raiſe a Strength for the Relift- make ill Impreſſions on them towards
ance of any Attempt which the Parlia- his Majeſty's Service.
ment might make, either againſt Whilſt his Lordſhip in this gentle
them, or to diſturb the Peace of the Way endeavour'd to compoſe the
County by their Ordinance of the Mi- Fears and Apprehenſions of the Peo-
litia, which was the firſt Power they ple, and by doing all 'Things in a
were like to hear of. Some were of peaceable Way, and according to the
Opinion, that Briſtol would be the fit- Rules of the known Laws, to convince
all
ment.
I
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
all Men of the Juſtice and Integrity and having found when the People
of his Majeſty's Proceedings and Roy. were ripe, gather'd. them together,
al Intentions; the other Party, accord- with a Purpoſe on a ſudden, before
ing to their uſual Confidence and Ac- . there ſhould be any Suſpicion, to fur-
tivity, wrought under-hand to per- round and ſurprize the Marquis. at
ſwade the People that the Marquis was Wells.
come down to put the Commiſſion of When the Marquis was thus in the
Array in Execution, by which Com- 'midſt of an Enemy that almoſt cover'd
miſſion a great Part of the Eſtate of the whole Kingdom, his whole
every Farmer or ſubſtantial Yeoman Strength was a Troop of Horſe, raiſed
ſhould be taken from them ; alledging by Mr. John Digby, Son to the Earl
that ſome Lords had ſaid, That twen of Briſtol, and another by Sir Francis
ty Pounds by the rear was enough for Hawley, and a Troop of Horſe, and
every Peaſant to live on ; and ſo, tak- a ſmall Troop of Dragoons, raiſed
ing Advantage of the Commiſſion's and arm’d by Sir Ralph Hopton at his
being in Latin, tranſlated it into what own Charge; and about one hundred
Engliſh they pleaſed; perſwading the Foot gather'd up by Lieutenant Colo-
ſubſtantial Yeomen and Freeholders, nel Henry Lunsford towards a Regi-
that at leaſt, two parts of their Eſtates ment, which were likewiſe to have
would, by that Commiſion, be taken march'd to the King. Theſe, with
from them; and the meaner and poor- the Lord Pawlet, and the Gentlemen
er Sort of Penple, that they were to of the Country, which were about
pay a Tax for one Days Labour in the eight and twenty of the prime Quality
Week to the King; and that all ſhould there, with their Servants and Retinue
be, upon the Matter, no better than made up the Marquis's Force. Then
Slaves to the Lords, and that there their Proceedings were with that ex-
was no way to free and preſerve ceeding Caution, that' upon Adver-
themſelves from this inſupportable tiſement that the active Miniſters of
Tyranny, but by adhering to the Par- the contrary Party had appointed a ge-
liament, and ſubmitting to the Ordi- neral Meeting at a Town within few
nance for the Militia ; which was pur- Miles of Wells, Sir Ralph Hopton be-
poſely prepar'd to enable them to re- ing adviſed with his ſmall Troop and
lift theſe horrid Invaſions of their Li- fome Voluntier Gentlemen to repair
berties.
thither, and to diſappoint that Con-
It cannot eaſily be believ'd, how vention, and to take Care that it
theſe groſs Infuſions generally pre- might produce the leaſt Prejudice to
vail'd. For though the Gentlemen of the King's Service; before he reach'd
antient Families and Eſtates in that the Place, thoſe Gentlemen who
County were, for the moſt Part; well ſtay'd behind, ſent him Word, That
affected to the King, and eaſily dif- he ſhould forbear any hoſtile Ait, other-
*cern’d by what Faction the Parliament wiſe they would diſclaim whatſoever be
was govern'd; yet there were People fould do. Whereas the Courage and
of an inferior Degree, who by good Reſolution of thoſe few were ſuch, and
Huſbandry, Cloathing, i and other the Cowardize of the undiſciplin’d fe-
thriving Arts, had gotten very great ditious Rabble and their Leaders fo
Fortunes; and, by Degrees, getting eminent, that it was very probable,
themſelves into the Gentlemen's E. if thofe few Troops had been as active-
ftates; were angry that they found not ly employ'd as their Commanders de-
themfelves in the fame Eſteem and fir'd, they might have been able to
Reputation with thoſe whoſe Eſtates have driven the Bigots out of the
they had ; and therefore, with more Country, before they had fully poffef-
Induſtry than the other, ſtudied all fed the reſt with their own Rancour :
Ways to make themſelves confidera- Which may be reaſonably preſum'd
ble. Theſe, from the Beginning, by what follow'd ſhortly after, when
were Fift Friends to the Parliament; Mr. Digby, Sir John Stawell and his
and many of them were now entruſted Sons, with ſome Voluntier Gentlemen,
by them as Deputy Lieutenants, in being in the whole not above fourſcore
their new Ordinance of the Militia, Horfe, and fourteen Dragoons, charg-
ed
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 213
ed a greater Body of Horſe, and above quis, by this Time having encreaſed
fix hundred Foot of the Rebels, led his Foot to four hundred, with whichi
by a Member of the Houſe of Com- that great Army was kept from en-
mons į and without the Loſs of one tring that Town, and perſwaded to
Man, killed ſeven in the Place, hurt encamp in the Field about three quar-
very many, took their chief Officers, ters of a Mile North from the Caſtle ;
and as many more Priſoners as they where, for the preſent, we muſt leave
would; and ſo routed the whole Body, the Marquis and his great-ſpirited. lit-
that fix Men kept not together, they tle Army.
having all thrown down their Arms. It could never be underſtood, why
But this good Fortune abated only that Army did not then march direct-
the Courage of thoſe who had run a- ly to Nottingham ; which if it had
way, the others making uſe of this done, his Majeſty's Forces muſt inn-
Overthrow as an Argument of the mediately have been ſcatter'd, and
Marquis's bloody Purpoſes; and there- himſelf fied, or put himſelf into their
fore, in few Days, Sir John Horner, Hands, which there were enough
and Alexander Popham, being the ready to have advis'd him to do; and
principal Men of Quality of that if he had eſcap'd, he might have been
Party in that County, with the Alliſt- purſued by one Regiment of Horſe,
ance of their Friends of Dorſet, and, till he had quitted the Kingdom.
Devon, and the City of Briſtol, drew But it pleaſed God, that they made
together a Body of about twelve thou not the leaſt Advance towards Not-
fand Men, Horſe and Foot, with tingham. They about the King began
fome Pieces of Cannon, with which now to wiſh that he had ſtay'd at
they appear'd on the Top of the Hill York, and propoſed his Return thither;
over Wells; where the Marquis, in but that was not hearken’d to; and they
Contempt of them, ſtay'd two Days, who adviſed his Stay there, and a-
having only barricadoed the Town; gainſt the Advance to Nottingham,
but then, finding that the few Train'd were more againſt his Return thither,
Bands, which attended him there, as an abſolute Flight; but urged the
were run away, either to their own. Advance of the Levies, and a little
Houſes, or to their Fellows, on the Patience, till it might be diſcern'd
"Top of the Hill; and hearing that what the Enemy did intend to do.
more Forces, or, at leaſt, better Offi In this great Anxiety, fome of the
cers were coming from the Parliament Lords deſir’d, Thut his Majeſty would
againſt him, he retir'd in the Noon- Send a Meſage to the Parliament, with
day, and in the Face of that rebellious ſome Overture to incline them to a Trea-
Herd from Wells to Somerton, and ſo ty; which Propoſition was no ſooner
to Sherborne, without any Loſs or made, but moſt concur’d in it, and
Trouble. Thither, within two Days, no one had the Confidence to oppoſe
came to his Lordſhip Sir John Berkley, it. The King himſelf was fo offended
Colonel Aſhburnhem; and ſome other at it, that he delar'd He would never
good Officers, enough to have form’d yield to it; and broke up the Council,
à conſiderable Army, if there had that it might be no longer urged.
been no other Want. But they had But the next Day, when they met
not been long there, when the Earl of again, they renew'd the fame Advice
Bedford, General of the Horſe to the with more Earneſtneſs.
Parliament, with Mr. Hollis, Sir Wale The Earl of Southampton, a Perſon
ter Earl, and a compleat Body of ſe- of great Prudence, and of a Repura-
ven thouſand Foot at leaſt, ordered by tion at leaſt equal to any Man's, pref-
Charles Eſex, their Serjeant-Major.. ſed it, As a Thing that might do Good,
General, a Soldier of good Experience and could do no Harm : And the
and Reputation in the Low Countries, King's Reaſons, with Reference to
and eight full Troops of Horſe, un the Infolence it would raiſe in the
der the Command of Captain Pretty, Rebels, and the Diſhonour that would
with four Pieces of Cannon, in a very thereby reflect upon himſelf, were
fplendid Equipage came to Wells, and anſwer'd, by ſaying, Their Infolence
from thence to Sherborne. The Mar- would be for the King's Advantage
62
H h hº
and
1
214
Tlie Hifiory of the Rebellio
.
and abeil they ſhould reject the Offer of This Meſſage had the fame Recep-
Peace, which they believ'd they would tion his Majeſty believ'd it would
do, they would make themſelves the inore have; and was indeed receiv’d with
odious to the People, wbo would be unheard of, Inſolence and Contempt.
thereby the more inclind to ſerve the For the Earl of Southampton, and Sir
King. So that they took it as granted, John Colepepper, defiring to appear
that the Propoſition would be rejected; themſelves before any Notice ſhould
and therefore it ought to be made. arrive of their coming, made ſuch
That which prevaild with his Ma- Hafte, that they were at Weſtminſter
jeſty very reaſonably then to yield in the Morning ſhortly after the Hou-
(and indeed it proved equally advan- ſes met. The Earl of Southampton went
tageous to him afterwards) was, That into the Houſe of Peers, where he was
it was moſt probable, that, out of their ſcarce fat down in his Place, when,
Pride, and Contempt of the King's' with great Paſſion, he was called upon
Weakneſs and Want of Power, the Par- to withdraw; albeit he told them he
liament would refuſe to treat ; which had a Meſſage to them from the King;
would be ſo unpopular a Thing, that, and there could be no Exception to
as his Majeſty would highly oblige the his Lordſhip's ſitting in the Houſe
People by making the Offer, ſo They upon their own Grounds; he having
would loſe the Hearts of them by rejeet- had leave from the Houſe to attend
ing it; which alone would raiſe an Ar- his Majeſty. However he was com-
my for his Majeſty. That if they ſhould pellid to withdraw; and then they
embrace it, the King could not but be a ſent the Gentleman Uſher of the Houſe
Gainer ; for by the Propoſitions which to him, to require his Meſſage; which
they ſhould make to him, he would be a his Lordſhip ſaid, he was by the
ble to ſtate the Quarrel so clearly, that King's Commands to deliver himſelf,
it ſhould be more demonſtrable to the and refuſed therefore to ſend its ex-
Kingdom, than yet it was, that the cept the Lords made an Order that he
War, was, on bis Majeſty's "Part, ſhould not deliver it himſelf; whịch
purely defenſive; ſince he never had, they did ; and thereupon he ſent it to
and now would not deny any Thing, them ; which they no ſooner receivid,
which they could in Reafon, or Juſtice than they ſent him Word, That be
aſk: That this very Overture would should, at his Peril, immediately depart
neceſſarily produce ſomme Pauſe, and De- the Town, and that they would take
lay in their. Preparations, or Motions Care that their Anſwer to the Meſſage
of their Armies ; for ſome Debate it should be ſent to him. And ſo the Earl
muſt needs have ; and during that Time, of Southampton departed the Town,
Men's Minds would be in Suſpenſe; repoſing himſelf at the Houſe of a
whereas his Majeſty ſkould be so far noble Perſon ſeven or eight Miles off.
from Nackning his Preparations, that Whilſt the Earl had this Skirmiſh
he might be more vigorous in them, by with the Lords, Sir John Colepepper
haftning thoſe Levies, for which his attended the Commons, forbearing to
Commiſſions were out. For theſe Rea- go into the Houſe without leave, be-
fons, and almoſt the concurrent De- cauſe there had been an Order, that
fire and Importunity of his Council, all the Members, who were not pre-
the King was prevailed with to ſend ſent at ſuch a Day, ſhould not preſume
the Earls of Southampton, and Dorſet, to fit there, till they had paid a hun-
Sir John Colepepper, Chancellor of his dred Pounds, and given the Houſe
Exchequer, and Sir. William Udall Satisfaction in the Cauſe of their Ab-
(whom his Majeſty gave leave under fences But he ſent Word to the
that Pretence to intend the Buſineſs of Speaker, That he had a Meſſage fronz
his own Fortune) to the Houſes with the King to them, and that be deſired to
the Meſſage, which was ſent the third deliver it in bis Place in the Houſe.
Day after his Standard was ſet up; After ſome Debate, it was abſolutely
deſiring ſome fit Perſon might be ap- reſolv’d, That he hould not fit in the
pointed by his Majeſty and the Par. Houſe, but that he should deliver his
liament to accommodate Matters be- Meſſage at the Bar, and immediately
tween them.
withdraw; which be did accordingly.
1
Then
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
21
Then the two Houſes met at a Con- Standari, fet !!D iz preto of the
ference, and read the King's Meffage ſaid Proclamation, be token down, voila
with great Superciliouſneſs; and with: Majeſty bath piltus irito fruch a Condi-
in two Days, with leſs Difficulty and tion, that whilst ece ſo rumein, que con-
Oppoſition than can be believ'd, a not, by the Fundamental Privileges of
greed upon their Anſwer. The King's Parliament, the Publick Trı157 repli!
Meſſengers, in the mean Time, in us, or with the general Good and
though of that Quality, did not re- Safety of this Kingdom, give your M.2-
ceive ordinary Civilities from any jeſty any other Anſwer to this Muluge.
Members of either Houſe; they who
were very willing to have done it, not When the King's Meſſengers re-
daring for their own Safety to come turn'd with this Anſwer to Notting-
near them ; and the others, looking ham, all Men faw to what they mult
upon them, as Servants to a Maiter trust; and the King believ'd, he
whom they had, and meant farther to ſhould be no further mov’d to make
oppreſs. Private Conference they had Addreſſes to them. And yet all
with ſome of the principal Governors; Hopes of an Army, or any Ability to
from whom they receiv'd no other reſiſt that Violence, ſeem’d ſo deſpe-
Advice, but that, if the King had any rate, that he was privately adviſed by
Care of Himſelf or his Potterity, he ſome, whom he truſted as much as
ſhould immediately come to London, any, and thoſe whoſe Affections were
throw himſelf into the Arins of his as entire to him as any Mens, to give
Parliament, and comply with whatſo- all other Thoughts over, and inſtantly
ever they propoſed. The Anſwer to inake all imaginable Haſte to Lon-
which they return'd to the King was don, and to appear in the Parliament
this.
Houſe before they had any Expecta-
tion of him. And they conceiv'd
May it pleaſe your Majeſty : there would be more Likelihood for
The Lords and Comnions, in Parlia him to prevail that Way, than by any
ment aſſembled, baving receiv'd your Army he was like to raiſe. And it
Majeſty's Meffage of the 25th of Au- muſt be ſolely imputed to his Majeſty's
guit, do with much Grief reſent the Reſolution, that he took not that
dangerous and diſtraeted State of this courſe.
Kingdom; which we have by all means
endeavour'd to prevent, both by our ſe When the King came to Derby, he
veral Advices and Petitions to your receiv'd clear Information from the
Majeſty ; which hath been not only well affected Party in Shrewſbury, that
without Succeſs, but there hath follow'd the Town was at His Devotion; and
that which no ill Counſel in former that the very Rumour of his Majeſty's
Times hath produc'd, or any Age hath Purpoſe of coming thither, had driven
ſeen, namely thoſe ſeveral Proclamations away all thoſe who were moſt inclined
and Declarations against both the Hou- to Sedition.
to Sedition. And therefore, as well
ses of Parliament, whereby their Ac- in regard of the ſtrong and pleaſant
tions are declar'd Treaſonable, and their Situation of it (one Side being defend-
Perſons Traytors. And thereupon your ed by the Severn, the other having a
Majeſty bath ſet up your Standard a- ſecure Paſſage into Wales, 'the Con-
gainst them, whereby you have put the fines of Montgomeryſhire extending
two Houſes of Parliament, and, in very near the Town) as for the Cor-
Them, this whole Kingdom, out of your reſpondence with Worceſter, of which
Protection ; ſo that until your Majeſty City he hoped well, and that by his
hall recall thoſe Proclamations and De- being at Shrewſbury, he ſhould be as
clarations, whereby the Earl of Effex, well able to ſecure Cheſter, as by car-
end both Houſes of Parliament, and rying his whole Train ſo far North ;
their Adberents, and Afiftants, end beſides that the other might give ſome
juch as have obey'd and executed their Apprehenſion of his going into Ire-
Commands and Directions, according to land, which had been formerly men-
their Duties ; ere declar'd Traytors or tion’d, his Majeſty reſolv'd for that
otherwiſe Delinquents : And until the Town; and, after one Days Stay at
Derby,
2
216 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Derby, by eaſy Marches he went thi- tain the true Reformºd Proteſtant Re:
ther, drawing his whole ſmall Forces ligion, eſtablifß'd in the Church of Eng=
to á Rendezvous at Wellington; a land; and; by the Grace of God, in the
Days March ſhort of Shrewſbury; and Jame will live and die.
that being the firſt Time that they I deſire to govern by all the known
were together, his Majeſty then cauſed Laws of the Land, and that the Liber.
his Military Orders for the Diſcipline ty.and Property of the Subject, may be
and Government of the Army, to be by them preſerved with the fame Care,
read at the Head of each Regiment; as my own just Rights. And if it
and then, which is not-fit ever to be pleaſe God, by his Bleffing upon this
forgotten, putting himſelf in the mid- Army, raiſed for my neceſſary Defence,
dle, where he might be beſt heards to preſerve me from this Rebellion, I
not much unlike the Emperor Trajan, do Solemnly and faithfully promiſi, in
who, when he made Sura Great Mar- the sight of God, to maintain the juſt
ſhal of the Empire, gave him a Sword, Privileges and Freedon of Parliament.
ſaying, Receive this Sword of me, and In the mean. While, if this Time of
if I command as I ought, employ it in War, and the great Neceſſity, end
my Defence; if I do otherwiſe, araw it Straits I am now driven tos beget any
against me, and take my Life from me, Violation of thoſe, I hope it ſhall be iná-
his Majeſty made this Speech to his puted by God and Men to the Authors
Majeſty.
of this War, and not to Me; who have
sa earneſtly labour'd for the Preſerva-
Gentlemen, you have beard thoſe Or- tion of the Peace of this Kingdom.
ders read: It is your Part, in your When I willingly fail in thefe Parti-
several Places, to obſerve them exa&tly; culars, I will expect no Aid or Relief
The Time cannot be long beforė We come · from any Man, or Protection from
to Ažtion, therefore you have the more Heaven.
But in this Reſolution, I
Reaſon to be careful; and I must tell hope for the chearful Afiftance of all
you, I ſhall be very ſevere in the puniſh- good Men, and am confident of God's
ing of thoſe of what Condition foever, Blesſing.
who tranfgreſs theſe Inſtructions. I
cannot ſuſpect your Gourage and Refolu This Proteſtation, and the Manner
tion; your Conſcience and your Loyalty. and Solemnity of making it, gave not
hath brought you hither, to fight for more Life and Encouragement to the
your Religion, your King, and the little Army, than it did Comfort and
Laws of the Land. You hall meet Satisfaction to the Gentry and Inha-
with no Enemies but Traytors, most of bitants of thoſe Parts; into whom the
thern. Browniſts, Anabaptiſts, and A- Parliament had infuſed, that, if his
theiſts; ſuch whe deſire to deſtroy both Majeſty prevailed by Force, he would,
Church and State, and who have alrea- with the fame Power, aboliſh all thoſe
dy condemn’d you to ruin for being Loy- good Laws, which had been made
al to Us. That you may ſee what Uſe 1 this Parliament; ſo that they look'd
mean to make of your Valour, if it pleaſe upon this Proteſtation, as a more am-
Ged to bleſs it with Succeſs, I have ple Security for their enjoying the Be-
thought fit to publiſh my Reſolution to nefit of thoſe Acts, than the Royal
you in a Proteſtation ; which when you Aſſent he had before given. And a
have heard me make, you will believe . more general, and paſſionate Expreſ-
you cannot fight in a better. Quarrel; in fion of Affections cannot be imagin’d,
which I promiſe to live and die with than he receiv'd by the People of thoſe
you.
Counties of Derby, Stafford, and
Shropſhire, as he paſſed ; or a better
The Proteſtation his Majeſty was Reception, than he found at Shrews-
then pleaſed to make, was in theſe bury; into which Town he enter'd on
Words.
Tueſday the 20th of September.
I do promiſe in the Preſence of Al It will be, and was then, wonder'd
mighty God, and as I hope for bis Blef- at, that ſince the Parliament had a
ling and Prote&tion, that I will, to the full and well 'form'd Army, before
Utmost of my Power, defend and main, the King had one full Regiment, and
the
g
)
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 217
.
.
the Earl of Elex was himſelf come to In this kind of Diſcourſe they were ſo
Northampton, fome Days before his fottiſh, that they were perſwaded, that
Majeſty went from Nottingham, his thoſe Perſons of whoſé Piety, Honour,
Lordſhip neither diſquieted the King and Integrity, they had receiv'd here-
whilſt he ſtay'd there, nor gave him tofore the greateſt Teſtimony, .were
any Diſturbance in his March to now turn'd Papiſts; and that the
Shree:fbury; whićh if he had done, he ſmall Army and Forces the King
might either have taken him Priſoner, had, conſiſted of no other than Pa-
or ſo diſperſed his ſmall Power, that piſts. Infomuch as truly thoſe of the
it would never have been poſſible for King's Party, who promiſed them-
him to have gotten an Arny together: felves any Support, but from the
But as the Earl had not yet receiv'd Comfort of their own Conſciences, or
his Inſtructions, ſo they, upon whom relied upon any other Means than
'he depended, avoided that Expedi- from God Almighty; could hardly
tion out of meer Price, and Contempt have made their Expectations' appear
of the King's Feices; and upon a reaſonable ; for his Enemies were in a
Preſumption, that it would not be manner poffeffèd of the whole King-
poſſible for him to raiſe ſuch a Power, dom.
as would be able to look their Army Portſmouth, the ſtrongeſt and beſt
in the Face ; but that, when he had fortified Town then in the Kingdom,
in vain tried all other Ways, and thoſe, was ſurrender'd to them; Colonel Go-
who not only follow'd him upon their ring, about the beginning of Septem-
own Charges, but ſupported thoſe ber, though he had ſeem'd 'to be ſo
who were not able to bear their own long reſolv’d, and prepared to expect
(for his Army, was maintain’d and à Siege, and had been ſupplied with
paid by the Nobility and Gentry, Monies according to his own Propoſal,
who Terv'd likewiſe in their own Per was brought ſo low, that he
gave
ſons) were grown weary and unable up, only for Liberty to tranſport
longer to bear that Burden, his Ma- Himſelf beyond Seas, and for his Offi-
jelty would be forced to put himſelf cers“to repair to the King. And it
into their Arms for Protection and were to be wiſhed that there might be
Subſiſtence; and ſuch a Victory with- no more Occaſion to mention him
out Blood had crown'd all their De- hereafter, after this repeated Treache-
figns. And if their Army, which ry; and that his incomparable Dexte-
they pretended to raiſe only for their rity and Sagacity had not prevailed ſo
Defence, and for the Safety of the far over thoſe, who had been ſo often
King's Perfon, had been able to pre- deceived by him, as to make it abſo.
vent the King's raiſing any, or if the lutely neceſſary to ſpeak at large of
King, in that melanchcly Conjuncture laim, more than once, before this Dif-
at Nottingham, had return'd to White- courſe come to an End.
Hall, he had juſtified all their Pro The Marquis of Hertford, though
ceedings, and could never-after have he had ſo much diſcredited the Earl
refuſed to yield to whatſoever they of Bedford's Soldiery, and diſhearten'd
propoſed.
his great Army, that the Earl .(after
And it is moſt certain, that the lying in the Field four or five Nights
Common Soldiers of their Army were within leſs than Cannon Shot' of the
gererally perſwaded, that they ſhould Caſtle, and Town, and after having
never be brought to Fight; but that , refuſed to fight a Duel with the Mar.
the King was in truth little better than quis, to which he provoked him by a
impriſon’d by evil Counſellors, Ma- Challenge) ſent Sir John Norcot under
ligrants, Delinquents, and Cavaliers Prețence of a Treaty, and the godly
(the Terms applied to his whole Par- Care to avoid the Effuſion of Chriſtian
ty) and would gladly come to his Blood, in plain Engliſh to defire, That
Parliament if he could break from be might fairly, and peaceably draw off
that Company, which he would un- bis, Forces, and merch avjay ; the
doubgedly do, if their Army came which, how. reaſonable a Requeſt fo-
once do ſuch a Diſtance, that his Ma-' ever it was, the Marquis refuſed ;
jeſty might make an Eicape to them. fending them word, Thet as they camo
· 63
lii
thither
218
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ihither upon their own Counfels, so they the Committee of the Militia; which
hould get off as they could : and at laſt was very powerful in Devon, - and
they did draw off, and march above a Cornwal, contented hiinſelf with hay-
dozen Miles for Repoſe ; leaving the ing driven away the Marquis, -and-fo
Marquis, for ſome Weeks undiſturb'd expelled all Hope of raiſing an Army
at Sherborné : Yet when he heard of for the King in the Weſt; and retired
the. Lors of Portſmouth, the Relief with his Forces to the Earl of Elex,
whereof was his principal Buſineſs, as Sir William Waller had dore from
and ſo that thoſe Forces would proba- Portfmouths ſo that it was not expect-
:bly be added to the Earl of Bedford, ed, that the Forces about his Majeſty
and by their Succeſs give much Cous could be able to defend him againſt ſo
riage to his baſhful Army, and that a puiffant an Army, ſo it was not imà-
good-Regiment of Horſe, which he ginable that he could receive any Ad-
expected (for Sir John Byron had Tent dition of Strength from any other
him word from Oxford, that he would Parts. For whenever they found any
march towards him) was retired to Perſon of Quality inclined to the King,
the King; and that the Committees or bur diſinclined to Themi, they im.
were. now ſo buſy in their ſeveral · mediately ſeized upon his Perſon, and
Counties, that the People, in all Pla- ſent him in great Triumph to the Par-
ces, declared for the Parliament; and liament;. who committed him to Pri-
more particularly ſome ſtrong and po: ſon, with all Circumſtances of Cruelty
pulous Towns in Somerſetſhire ; as and Inhumanity.
Faunton, Wellington, and Dunſtar Thus they took Priſoner: the Lord
Caſtle: by reaſon whereof it would Montague of Boughton, at his Houſe
BOL be poſſible for him to increaſe his in Northamptonſhire, a Perſon of great
Strength, he reſoly'd to leave Sher- Reverence, being abovę: four ſcore
bornes where his Stay could no Way Years of Age, and of unblemith'd Res
advance the King's Service; and to putation, for declaring himſelf unfa*
try all Ways to get to his Majeſty: tisfied with their diſobedient and ung
But when he came to Minhead, a Port dutiful Proceedings againſt the King,
Towns from whence he made' no and more expreſsly againſt their Ora
Doubt he lhould be able to tranſporc dinance for the Militia; and notwith
Himſelf, and his Company into ſtanding that he had a Brother of the
Wales, he found the People both of Houſe of Peers, the Lord Privy Seal,
the Town and Country ſo diſaffected, and a Nephew the Lord Kimbolton,
that all the Boats, of which there uſed who had as full a Power in that Coun:
always to be great Store, by reaſon of cil as any Man, and a. Son, in the
the: Trade for Cattle and Corn with Houſe of Commons very unlike his
Wales,. were industriouſly ſent away, Father; and though he was afterwards
fave, only two; ſo that the Earl of remitted to more Air, he continued a
Bedford having caken new Heart, and Priſoner to his Death:
being within four Miles with his Ar Thus they took Priſoner in Oxford-
my, his Lordſhip, with his ſmall ſhire the Earl of Berkſhire, and three
Cannon and few Foot, with the Lord or four principal Gentlemen of that
Pawlet, Lord Şeymour, and ſome County, and committed them to the
Gentlemen of Somerſethire, tranſports Tower, for no other Reaſon but with:
ed himſelf into Glamorganſhire ; leav- ing well to the Kings for they never.
ing Sir Raph Hopton, Sir Jobn Berk. appear'd in the leaſt Action in his
ley, Mr. Digby, and ſome other Offi, Service. And thus they took Priſo.
cers with their Horſe (conſiſting of ner the Earl of Bath in Devonſhire,
about one hundred and twenty), to who neither had, or ever meant to do
march into Cornwaly in hopes to find the King the leaſt Şervice; but only
thao County, better prepared for their out of the Moroſity of his own Naturė,
Reception:
had before, in the Houſe, expreſs'd.
On the other Hand, the Earl of himſelf not of their Minds; and car-
Bedford, shinkiög thoſe few Fugitives ried him, with many other Gentlemen
not worth his farcher Cares and chat of Devon and Somerſet, with a ſtrong.
they would be eaſily apprehended by Guard of Horſe, to London; where,
after
t
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 219
So that not only all the Priſons about his Horſes to the Earl of Elex" to be
after they had been expoſed to the Houſe, till the Pleaſure of citie Par-
Rudeneſs and Reproach of the Com- Jiament ſhould be farther known; they
mon People, who called them Tráỹ1. compellid him, or he was willing to
tors and Rebels to the Parliament, and be compelld, to ſend him to the
purſued them with fuchUfage as they Common Goal, where he remained,
uſe to the moſt infamous Malefactors, glad of that Security, till the Houſe
they were, without ever being examin- of Commons removed hini to ånd.
ed, or charged with any particular ther Priſon (without ever charging
Crime, commmitted to ſeveral Priſons. him with any Crime) having fèntall
London were quickly filled wịth Per- uſed in the Service of that Ãrmy:
ſons of Honour, and great Reputation
: At the fame Time the ſame Rabbie
for Sobriety and Integrity to their entered the Houſe of the Counteſs of
Counties; but new Priſons were made Rivers near Colcheſter, fori no other
for their Reception; and, which was Ground than that ſhe was a Papiſt, änd
a new and barbarous Invention, very "in few Hours disfurniſh'd it of all the
many Perſons of very good Quality, Goods, which had been many:
Years
both of the Clergy and Laity, were with great Curioſity providing; and
committed to Priſon on board the were not of leſs Válue than forty thou-
Ships in the River of Thames, where fand Pounds Sterling, the Counters
they were kept under Decks, and no herſelf hardly eſcaping, after great
Friend ſuffered to come to them, by Inſolence had been uſed to her per
which many loſt their Lives. And fon: And ſhe could never receive any
that the Loſs of their Liberty might Reparation from the Parliament: There
not be all their Puniſhment, it was the and inany other Inſtances of the fabia
uſual Courſe; and very few eſcaped its kind in London and the Parts adjaa
after any Man was coinmitted as a no- cent, gave ſufficient Evidence to all
torious Malignant, that his Eſtate and Men how little elſe they were to keeps
Goods were ſeized, or plundered by who meant to preſerve their Allegia
an Order from the Houſe of Com- ance and Fidelity in the full Vigour.
mons, or fome - Committee, or the Within three or four Days after the
Soldiers, who in their March took the King's Remove from Nottinghamthe
Goods of all Papiſts and eminent Ma- Earl of Elex, with his whole. Army,
lignants, as lawful Prize; or by the removed from Northampton, and
Fury and Licence of the common marched towards Worcefter, of which
People, who were in all Places grown his Majeſty had no ſooner Intelligence,
to that Barbarity and Rage againſt the than he ſent Prince Rupert, with the
Nobility and Gentry (under the Stile greateſt Part of the Horſe, on the
of Cavaliers) that it was not ſafe for other side of the Severn, towards that
any to live at their Houſes, who were City, as well to obſerve the Motion of
taken Notice of as no Votaries to the the Enemy, as to give all Aſiſtance to
Parliament.
that Place, which had declared good
: So the common People in Eſſex, on Affections to him ; at leaſt to countes
a ſudden beſet the Houſe of Sir John nance and ſecure the Retreat of thoſe
Lucas, one of the beſt Gentlemen of Gentlemen, who were there raiſing
that County, and of the most eminent Forces for the King, but eſpecially to
Affection to the King, being a Gentle- join with Sir John Byron, whom his
man of the Privy Chamber to the Majeſty had ſent, in the End of Aur
Prince of Wales ; and upon Pretence guſt, to Oxford, to convey fome Mox
that lie was going to the King, pof- rey, which had been ſecretly brought
ſeſs'd themſelves of all his Horſes and from London thither to his Majeſty.
Arms, feized .upon his Perſon, and And he, after ſome ſmall Diſaſters in
uſed him with all poſſible Indignities, his March, by the Inſurrection of the
not without-fome Threats to murder - Country People, who were encourag*
him; and when the Mayor of Col- ed by the Agents for the Parliament,
cheſter, whither he was brought, with and ſeconded by the Officers of the
more Humanity than the 'reit, offer'd Militia, cameſafe to Worceſter, where
to keep him Priſoner' in lis owul he had been very few Hours, when a
ſtrong
+
-
;:o
Tlse Iliftory of the Rebellion
1
ſtrong Party of Horſe and Dragoons, whoſe Troops were not preſent or rea-
being ſent by the Earl of Elex, under dy, put themſelves next the Prince,
the Command of Nathaniel Fiennes, the other wearied Troops coming in
Son to the Lord Say, came to ſurprize Order after them.
the Town, which was open enough to In this Manner the Prince charg'd
have been entered in many Places, them, as ſoon as chey came out of the
though in ſome it had an old decủy'd Lane; and being ſeconded by this
Wall, and at the moſt uſual and fre- handful of good Men, though the
quented Entrances into the City, Rebels being gallantly led by Colonel
weak, and roiten Gates to be ſnut, Sandys (a Gentleman of Kent, and
but without either Lock or Bolt, the Son of a worthy Father) and
Yet this Commander, coning early compleatly armed both for Offence;
in the Morning, when the ſmall and Defence, ſtood well; yet in a
Guard which had watched, conceiv- ſhort time, many of their beſt Men
ing all to be ſecure, were gone to reſt, being killed, and Colonel Sandys him-
and being within Muſket Shot of the ſelf falling with his Hurts, the whole
Gate before he was diſcover'd, 'find- Body was routed, fed, and was pur-
ing that weak Gate ſhut, or rather clo- fued by the Conquerors for the ſpace of
ſed againſt him, and not that quick above a Mile. The Number of the
Appearance of a Party within the. Slain were not many, not aboye forty
Town, as he promiſed himſelf, with- or fifty, and thoſe moft Officers; for
out doing any Hárm, retired in great their Arms were ſo good, that in the
Diſorder, and with ſo much Häfte, Charge they were not to be eaſily
that the wearied Horſe, ſent out pre- killed, and in the Chaſe the Goodneſs
fently to attend him, could not over- of their Horſe made it impoflible.
take any of his Train; ſo that when Colonel Sandys who died ſhortly after
Prince Rupert came thither, they did of his Wounds, Captain Wingate
not conceive any conſiderable Party of who was the more known, by being a
the Enemy to be near. However his Member of the Houſe of Commons,
Highneſs reſolv'd to retire from: and taken Notice of for having in that
thence, as ſoon as he ſhould receive Chargé behaved himſelf ſtoutly; and
perfect Intelligence of the Motion of two or three Scotiſ Officers; were
the Enemy, wlien on the ſudden re taken Priſoners. Of the King's Party.
poſing 'himſelf on the Ground with none of Name was loſt: Commiffary
Prince Maurice his Brother, the Lord General Wilmot hurt with a Sword in
Digby, and the principal Officers, in the Side, and Sir Lewis Dives in the
the Field before the Town, ſome of Shoulder, and two or three other Of-
his wearied Troops (for they had had ficers of Inferior Note; none miſcar-
a long March) being by, but the reſt rying of their Wounds, which was
and moſt of the Officers in the Town, the more ſtrange for that, by reaſon
he eſpied a fair Borly of Horſe, con- they expected not an encounter, there.
fiſting of near five hundred, marching was not, on the Prince's Side, a Piece of
in very good Order up a Lane with Armour worn that Day, and but few Pi-
in Müiket Shot of him. In this Con- ſtols ; ſo that moſt of the Hurt that.
fuſion, they had ſcarce Time to get was done was by the Sword:
the Sword: Six or
upon their Horſes, and ņone to eon-
ſeven Cornets of the Enemies were
fúlt of what was to be done, or to put taken, and many good Horſes, and ſome
themſelves into their ſeveral Places of Arms; for they who run away made.
Command.. And, it may be, it was themſelves as light as they could.
well they had not; for if all thoſe Of This Rencounter proved of great
ficers had been in the Heads of their Advantage, and Benefit to the King.
leveral Troops, it is not impoſſible it for it being the firſt Action his Horte
miglit lave been worſe. But the had been brought to, and that Party
Prince inſtantly declaring, That be of the Enemy being the moſt pick'd
pome.?Charge; his Brother, the Lord and choice Men, it gave his Troops
Digly, Commiffary General Wilmot, great Courage, and render’d the Name
Sir Ychir Byrol, Sir Lewis Dives, and of Prince Rupert very terrible, and
all thore Officers and Gentlemen, exceedingly appalled the Adverſary;
infomuch
!
1
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is
1
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3
Accor
G
CODE
է:Նրազմ:
Sale
The BATTLE
WORCESTER,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 22 i
3
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inſomuch as they had not, in a long they fent down their Inſtructions to
Time after, any Confidence in their the Earl of Elex their General, who
Horſe, and their very Nambers were had long expected them ; whereby,
much lefſen'd by it. For that whole among other Things of Form for the
Party being routed, and the chief Ofe better Diſcipline of the Army, They
ficers of Name and Reparation either requir'd him to march with ſuch Forces
killd; or taken, though the Number: as he thought fit, towards the Army.
foſt upon the place was not conſidera- raiſed, in his Majeſty's Name againſt
ble, there were very many more, who the Parliament and the Kingdom; and
never return'd to the Service; and, with them, or any part of them, to
which was worfe, for their own Ex- Fight, at ſuch Time and Place as he
çuſe, in all Places, talked aloud of fhould judge mojt to conduce to the Peace
the incredible, and unreſiſtible Cou- and Safety of the Kingdom ; and that
rage of Prince Rupert, and the King's be ſhould uſe his utmoſt Endeavour by
Horſe. So that, from this Time, Battle, or otherwiſe, to reſcue his Ma-
the Parliament begun to be apprehen- jeſty's Perſon, and the Perſons of the
five that the Buſineſs would not be as Prince, and Duke of York, out of the
eaſily ended, as it was begun; and Hands of thoſe deſperate Perſons, who
that the King would not be brought were then about them.
back to them with their bare Votes. The News of the important Advan-
Yet how faintly' ſoever the private tage before Worceſter found the King
Pulſes beat, the two Houſes were fo at Cheſter, whither his Majeſty thought
far from any viſible Abatement of neceſſary to make a Journey himſelf,
their Mettle, that to weigh down any as ſooon as he came to Shrewſbury,
poſſible Suppoſition that they might both to aſſure that City to his Service,
be inclined, or drawn to treat with which was the key to Ireland, and to
the King, or that they had any Ap- countenance the Lord Strange (who,
prehenſion that the People would be by the Death of his Father, became
fefs firm, and conſtant to them, they Earl of Derby) againſt ſome Oppoſi-
proceeded to bolder Acts to evince tion he met with, on the Behalf of the
both, thạn they had yet done.
Parliament. Here Crane., fent by
For to the firſt, có lhew how ſécure Prince Rupert, gave his Majeſty an
they were againſt Refentment from Account of that Action; and preſent-
his Allies, as well as againſt his Ma- ed him with the Enſigns, which had
jeſty's own Power, they cauſed the . been taken ; and inform’d him of the
Capuchin Fryars, who, by the Arti- Earl of Elex's being in Worceſter ;
cles of Marriage, were to have a ſafe which made the King return ſooner to
Reception and Entertainment in the Shrewſbury than he intended, and be
Queen's Family, and had, by her fore the Earl of Derby was poſſeſſed of
Majeſty's Care, and at her Charge, a that Power, which a little longer Stay
Imall, but convenient Habitation, by would have given him,
her own Chapel, in her own Houſe, Prince Rupert the fame Night,
in the Strand, and had continued after his Victory, finding the Grols of
there, without Diſturbance, from the the Rebels Army to be within five or
Time of the Marriage, after many In- fix Miles, againſt which that Çicy was.
ſolencies and Indignities offered to in no Degree Tenable, though all the
them by the rude Multitude, even King's Foot had been there, retir'd
within thoſe Gates of her own Houſe, from Worceſter on the Welſh Side of
to be taken from thence, and to be the River, without any. Diſturbance,
ſent over into France, with Proteſta- into his Quarters near Shrewſbury, and
tion, That if they were found again in with all his Priſoners, Colonel Sandys
England, they would be proceeded an only excepted, whom he left to die of
gainſt as Traytors: And this in the his Wounds there; the Earl of Eſſex
Face of the Frënib. Ambaſſador, who being ſo much ſtartled with this late
notwithſtanding withdrew, not from Defeat, that he advanced not in two
them his Courtſhip, and Application. Days after ; and then being ſurely in-
Then, that the King might know form’d, that he ſhould find no Relift-
how little they dreaded his Forces, ance, he enter'd with his Army into
K k k
Worceſter;
65.
222
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Worceſter; uſing great Severity to in the End, depriv'd him of that.
*thoſe Citizens, who had been emi. Province. But this ſeaſonable Addi-
nently inclin’d to the King's Service, tion to the Train increaſed the Necef-
and ſending the Principal of them Pri- ſity of Money, there being more Uſe
ſoners to London.
of it thereby
Upon the King's coming to Shrews Two Expedients were found to
bury, there was a very great Conflux make ſuch a competent Proviſion for
of the Gentry there, and the neigh. all Wants, that they were at laſt
bouring Counties, which were gene- broken through. Some Perſon of
rally well affected, and made great that Inclination had inſinuated to the
Profeſſions of Duty to his Majeſty: King, that, If the Roman Catholicks,
Some of them undercook to make Le- wbich that, and the adjacent Counties
vies of Horſe and Foot, and per were well inhabited by, were ſecretly
form'd it at their own Charge. The treated with, a conſiderable Sum of
Town was very commodious in all Money might be raiſed among them, but
Reſpects, ſtrong in its Situation ; and it muſt be carried with great Privacy,
in Reſpect to its Neighbourhood to that no Notice might be taken of it,
North Wales, and the Uſe of the Se- the Parliament having declared fo great
vern, yielded excellent Proviſions of Animofities againſt them; nor did it
all kinds; ſo that both Court and in that Conjuncture concern the King
Army were very well accommodated, leſs that it ſhould be very ſecret, to
only the incurable Diſeaſe of Want of avoid the Scandal of a cloſe Conjunc-
Money could not be afſwaged in ei- tion with the Papiſts, which was eve-
ther. Yet whilſt they fat ftill, it was rý Day imputed to him. Upon ma-
not very ſenſible, much leſs importu- ny Conſultations how, and in what
nate. The Soldiers behaved them. Method to carry on this Deſign, the
ſelves orderly, and the People were King was inform’d, That if he would
not inclin'd, or provoked to complain depute a Perſon, much truſted by him,
of their new Gueſts; and the Remain- to that Service, the Roman Catho-
der of the plate, which was brought licks would truft him, and allign one
from the Univerſities, together with or two of their Body to confer with
the ſmall Preſents in Money which him, and by this means the Work
were made to the King by many might be carried on. Hereupon the
particular Perſons, ſupplied the pre- King fent for that Perſon, and told
ſent neceſſary Expences very convenio him this whole Matter, as it is here
ently. But it was eaſily diſcern'd, ſet down, and required him to con-
that, when the Army ſhould move, ſult with ſuch a Perſon, whom he
which the King reſolvd it ſhould would ſend to him the next Morning.
do with all poſſible Expedition, the The next Morning a Perſon of Qua.
Neceſſity of Money would be very lity very much truſted by all that
great, and the Train of Artillery, Parcy, came to him to confer upon
which is commonly a Spunge that that Subject; and ſhewed a Liſt of
can hardly be fill'd, was deſtitute of the Names of all the Gentlemen of
all Things neceſſary for Motion. Nor Quality and Fortune of that Religion, .
was there any Hope that it could who were all Convict Recufants, and
march, till a good Sum of Money liv'd within thoſe Counties of Shrop-
were aſſign'd to it; ſome Carriage- fire and Stafford. They appeared to
Horſes, and Waggons, which were be a good Number of very valuable
prepar'd for the Service of Ireland, Men, on whoſe Behalf he had only
and lay ready at Cheſter, to be tranſ; Authority to conclude, though he be-
ported with the Earl of Leiceſter, Lieu: liev'd that the Method they agreed on
tenant of that Kingdom, were brought there, would be ſubmitted to, and
to Shrewsbury by, his Majeſty's Order, confirm'd by that Party in all other
for his own Train ; and the Earl's Places. He ſaid, They would by no
paſſionate labouring to prevents or re means bearken to any Motion of the
medy that Application, with ſome o Loan of Money, for which they had
ther Reaſons, hinderd the Earl him- paid so dear, upon their ſerving the
felf from purſuing that Journey; and King in that Manner, in his firji Ex-
pedition
-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 223
5
1
pedition againſt the Scots. It was in meeting with them, if the indiſpen-
the End agreed upon, that the King' fable Want of Money did not make
ſhould write to every one of them to his Motion impoſſible; the Merit and
pay him an Advance of two, or three Ability of the Perſon, and the fair
Years of ſuch Rent, as they were eve. Expectation from his Poſterity, he
ry Year obliged to pay him, upon the having two Sons, both very hopeful,
Compoſition they had made with him prevailed with his Majeſty to reſume
for their Eſtates; which would amount the ſame Overture ; and in few Days
to a conſiderable Sum of Money. And it was perfected, and the Gentleman
thefe. Letters were accordingly writ, was made a Baron ; who preſented the
and within ten or twelve Days, be- Sum of Six thouſand Pounds to his
tween four and five thouſand Pounds Majeſty ; whereupon all Preparations
were retun'd to his Majeſty; which for the Army were proſecuted with
was a feaſonable Supply for his Af- Effect.
fairs.
As ſoon as the King came to
At his Return to Shrewſbury, the Shrewſbury, he had diſpatch'd his
King found as much done towards his Letters and Agents into Wales, Che-
March as he expected. And then the fire, and Lancaſhire, to quicken the
other Expedient for Money offer'd it. Levies of Men which were making
ſelf. There was a Gentleman of a there, and return'd from Chefter thro”.
very good Extraction, and of the beſt the North Part of Wales (where le
Eſtate of any Gentleman of that found the People cordial to him, and
Country, who liv'd within four or arming themſelves for him) to Shrewſ
five Miles of Shrewſbury, and was þury.
look'd upon as a very prudent Man, There cannot be too often mention
and had a very powerful Influence of the wonderful Providence of God,
upon that people, and was of un- that from that low deſpiſed Condition
doubted Affections and Loyalty to the King was in at Nottingham, after
the King, and to the Government the ſetting up his Standard, he ſhould
both in Church and State : His eldeſt be able to get Men, Money, or Arms,
Son was a young Gentleman of great fo that, within twenty Days after his;
Expectation, and of excellent Parts, coming to Shrewsbury, he reſolv'd to
a Member of the Houſe of Commons, march, in Defpight of the Enemy, even
who had behav'd himſelf there very towards London ; his Foot by this
well. This Gentleman intimated to Time conſiſting of about ſix thouſand,
a Friend of his, That, if bis Father and his Horſe of two Thouſand ; his
might be made a Baron, be did believe Train in very good Order,commanded
be might be prevaild with to preſent by Sir Fobn Heydon. And though this
bis Majeſty with a good sum of Mo- Strength was much inferior to the E-
ney. It was propoſed to the King, nemy, yet as it was greater than any
who had no Mind to embrace the Man thought poſſible to be raiſed, ſo
Propoſition, his Majeſty taking Occa- all thought it fufficient to encounter
fion often to ſpeak againſt making the Rebels. Beſides that it was confi-
Merchandize of Honour ; how much dențly believ'd (and not without ſome
the Crown fuffer'd at preſent by the Grounds, upon Correſpondence with
Licence of that Kind, which had been ſome Officers in the other Army) that
uſed during the Favour of the Duke as ſoon as the Armies came within
of Buckingham; and that he had not any reaſonable Diſtance of each other,
taken a firmer Reſolution againſt ma- very many Soldiers would leave their
ny Things, than againſt this particular Colours, and come to the King;
Expedient for raiſing Money. How- which Expectation was confirm'd by
ever, after he return'd from Cheſter, divers Soldiers, who every Day dropped
and found by the Increaſe of his Le- in from thoſe Forces ;, and, to make
vies, and the good Diſpoſition all themſelves welcome, told many Sto-
Things were in, that he might in a ries of their Fellows Reſolutions, whom
ſhort Time be able to march, and in they had left behind.
ſo good a Condition, that he ſhould And this muſt be confeſs'd, that
rather ſeek the Rebels, than decline either by the Care and Diligence of the
Oficers,
224 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Officers; or by the good Inclinacions, Among the Horſe, the Officers had
and Temper of the Soldiers themſelves, their full defire, if they were able to
the Army was in ſo good Order and procure old Backs, and Breafts, and
Diſcipline, that, during the King's Pots with Piſtols, or Carabines, for
ſtay at Shrewſbury, there was not any their two or three firft Ranks, and
remarkable diſorder; the Country Swords for the reft; themſelves and
being very kind to the Soldiers, and ſome Soldiers by their Examples) hav-
the Soldiers juſt, and regardful to the ing gotten, befides their Piſtols and
Country. And by the free Loans and Swords, a ſhort Pole-Ax.
Contributions of the Gentlemen, and The Foot were divided into three
Subſtantial Inhabitants, but eſpecially Brigades; the firſt commanded by Sir
by the Aſiſtance of the Nobility, who Nicholas Byron, the ſecond by Colonel
attended, the Army was ſo well paid Harry Wentworth, the third by Colo-
that there was not the leaſt Mutiny or nel Richard Fielding, Sir Jacob Afley,
Diſcontent for want of Pay; nor was being Major General, and command-
there any Cauſe ; for they ſeldom fail- ing. the Foot immediately under the
ed every Week, never went above a General. For, though General Rü-
Fortnight unpaid.
then, who came to the King fome few
The greateſt Difficulty was to pro. Days before he left Shrewsbury, was
vide Arms; of which indeed there made Field Marſhal, yet he kept
was a wonderful Scarcity, the King wholly with the Horſe to affift Prince
being exceedingly diſappointed in his Rupert : and Sir Arthur Aſton; of
expectation of Arms from Holland ; 'a whoſe Soldiery there was“ á very great
Veffel or two having been taken by eſteem, was made Colonel General of
his own Ships, under the Command the Dragoons ; which at that time
of the Earl of Warwick; fo that, iex-'. though conſiſting of two or three
cept eight hundred Muſquets; five Regiments; were not above eight hun.
hundred pair of Piſtols; and two hun- dred, or a thouſand at the molt. Moft
dřed Swords, which came with the of the Perſons of Quality, except thoſe
Powder, landed in Yorkſhire, as is be- whoſe attendance was near the King's
fore mention'd, the King had none in own Perſon, put themſelves into the
his Magazine ; ſo that he was com- King's Troop of Guards, commanded
pelled to begin at Nottingħam, and ſo by the Lord Bernard Stewart; and
in all Places as he paſſed, to borrow made indeed fo gallant à Body, that,
the Arms from the Train'd-bands ; upon very modeft computation, the
which was done with ſo much Warineſs Eſtate, and Revenue of that ſingle
and Caution that it was done rather Troop, it was thought; might juſtly
with their Confent, than by any Con- be valued at leaftequal to all theirs, who
ftraint, and always with the full Ap- then Voted in boch Houſes, under the
probation of their Commanders. And Name of the Lords and Commons of
therefore in Yorkſhire, and Shropſhire, Parliament, which made and main-
where the Gentlemen very unskilfully, tain'd chat War. Their Servants, un-
though with good meaning, deſired der the command of Sir William Kila
that the Arms might ſtill be left in the ligrew, made another fall Troop, and
Country Men's Hands, there was none always marched with their Lords and
of that kind of borrowing. But, in Maſters.
all Places; the Noblemen, and Gen In this Equipage the King marched
tlemen of Quality, ſent the King ſuch from Shrewſbury on the r2th of Osto-
Supplies of Arms, out of their own ber to Bridgenorth, never leſs Baggage
Armories (which were very mean) ſo attended a Royal Arniý, there being
that by all thoſe Means fogether, the not one. Tent, and very few Waggons
Foot, all buc three or four hundred, belonging to the whole Train , hav-
who marched without any Weapon ing in his whole Army not one Officer
but a Cudgel, were arm'd with Muf- of the Field who was a Papiſt, excepp
quets, and Bags for their Powder, and Sir Arthur Afton,..if he were one ; and
Pikes ; but, in the whole Body, there very few common Soldiers of that Re-
was not a Pikeman, had a Cornet, and ligion. However the Parliament, in
very few Muſqueteers who had Swords. all their Declaracions, and their Clera
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 25
gy much more in their Şermons, affur- begun to fit upon a Commiſſion of
ed the People, That the King's Army Oyer and Terminer, to attaint the
confifted only of Papifts, whilſt them- Earl of. Eſex, and many other Per-
felves entertain'd all of that Religion, fons who were in Rebellion, of High
that they could get; and very maný,
Treaſon.
both Officers and Soldiers, of that Re Some. Days had paſſed without any
ligion, engaged with them; whether Notice of thać Army; ſome reporting
it was that they really believ'd, that that it remain'd ſtill at Worceſter, o-
That Army did deſire Liberty of Con- thers, . that they were march'd the di-
ſcience for all Religions, as ſome of rect Way, towards London. But Intel-
the chief of them pretended, or that ligence came from London, That very
they deſired to divide themſelves for many Oficers of Name and Command
communication of Intelligence, and in the Parliament Army; bad undergone
Intereſt.
that Service with a full Reſolution to
When the King was ready for his come to the King, as soon as they were
March, there was ſome difference of within any Diſtance; and it was wiſhid,
Opinion which way he ſhould take; that the King would ſend a Proclamation
many were of Opinion that he ſhould into the Army itſelf, and to offer Par-
march towards Worceſter, where the don to all who would return to their
Earl of Eſex ſtill remain'd; thoſe Obedience. A Proclamation was pre-
Countries were thought well affected pared accordingly, and all. Circum-
to the King; where his Army would ſtances reſolv'd upon, that a Herald
be ſupplied with Proviſions, and en ſhould be ſent to proclaim it in the
creaſed in Numbers; and that no Head of the Earl's Army, when it
Time ſhould be loſt in coming to a ſhould be drawn up in Battle. But,
Battle; becauſe the longer it was defer- that and many other Particulars, pre-
red the ſtronger the Earl would grow, pared and reſolved upon, were forgot-
by the Supplies which were every. Day cen, or omitted at the Time appoint-
fent to him from London ; and he had ed, which would not admit any of
ſtore of Arms with him to ſupply all thoſe Formalities.
Defects of that kind. However it .. When the whole Army marched
was thought more counſelable to march together, there was quickly diſcovera
directly towards London, it being mo an unhappy Jealouſy, and Diviſion
rally fure, that the Earl of Elex between the principal Officers, which
would put himſelf in their way. The grew quickly into a perfect Faction
King had much Confidence in his between the Foot and the Horſe. The
Horſe (his Nephew Prince Rupert be- Earl of Lindſey. was General of the
ing at the Head of them) which were whole Army by his Commiſſion, and
fuſh'd by their Succeſs at Worceſter ; thought very equal to it.
But when
and if he had made his March that Prince Rupert came to the King,
Way, he would have been intangled which was after the Standard was ſet
in the Incloſures, where his Horſe up, and receiv'd a Commiſſion to be
would have been leſs uſeful, whereas General of the Horſe, which, all Men
there were many open Grounds near knew, was deſign'd for him, there
the other Way, much fitter for an was a Clauſe inſerted into it, exempt-
Engagement. And fo; about the ing him from receiving Orders from
middle of OEtober, the King march'd any. Body but from the King himſelf;
from Shrewſbury, aud quarter'd that which, upon the Matter, ſeparated
Night at Bridgenorth, ten Miles from all the Horſe from any Dependance
the other Place, where there was a upon the General, and had other ill
Rendezvous of the whole Army, Conſequences in it: For when the
which appear'd very chearful ; and King at Midnight,' being in his Bed;
thence to Wolverhampton, Bramichem, and receiving Intelligence of the Ene-
and Killingworth, a Houſe of the my's Morion, commanded the Lord
King's, and a very noble Seat, where Falkland, his principal Secretary of
the King reſted one Day; where the State, , to direct Prince Rupert, what
Lord Chief Juſtice Heath, who was hé ſhould do, his Highneſs took it
made Chief Juſtice for that Purpoſe, very ill, and expoftulated with the
•-66.
L11
Lord
26
IIc Hiflory of the Rebellion
nients,
Lord Falkland, for giving him Or. Balfour. Of the Nobility he had with
ters. He could not have directed his him the Lords Kimbolton, Saint-John,
Paſion againſt any Man, who would Wharton, Roberts, and the Lords
feel of regard it lets
. He told him, Rochford and Fielding (whoſe Fathers,
That it was bis Office to fignify what the Earls of Dover, and Denbighy
the King bid hiin; which he would al- charg'd as Voluntiers in the King's
ways do, and that his Highneſs, in ne Guards of Horſe) and many Gentle-
glecting it, neglected the King'; who men of Quality, but his Train was ſo
did neither the Prince nor his own very great, that he could move but
Service any Good, by complying in in flow Marches. So that the two
the beginning with his rough Nature. Armies, though they were but twenty
But the King was ſo indulgent to him, Miles aſunder, when they firſt ſet
that he took his Advice in all Things forth, and both march'd the ſame
relating to the Army, and upon the Way, gave not the leaſt Diſquiet in
Deliberation of their March, and the ten Days March to each other; and
Figure of the Battle they reſolv'd to in truth, as it appear'd afterwards,
fight in with the Enemy, he concurr'd neither Army knew. where the other
entirely with Prince Rupert's Advice, was.
rejecting the Opinion of the General, The King by quick Marches, hav-
who preferr'd the Order he had learn- ing ſeldom reſted a Day in any Place,
ed under Prince Maurice, and Prince came on Saturday the 22d of Detober,
Harry, with whom he had ſerv'd at to Edgcot, a Village in Northamplona
the fanie Time, when the Earl of Ef hire, within four Miles of Banbury,
Jex and he, both of them, had Regi- in which the Rebels had a Garriſon.
The Reſervedneſs of the As ſoon as he came thither he called a
Prince's Nature, and the little Educa. Council of War, and having no In-
tion he then had in Courts, made telligence that the Earl of Eſex was
him unapt to make Acquaintance with within any diſtance, it was reſolved,
any of the Lords, who were thereby the King and the Army ſhould reſt
, in
likewiſe diſcouraged from applying thoſe Quarters the next Day, only that
themſelves to Him; whilſt ſome of Sir Nicholas Byron ſhould march with
cers of the Horſe were well pleaſed to his Brigade and attempt the taking in
obſerve that Strangeneſs, and foment of Banbury. With this Reſolution the
ed it ; believing their Credit would be Council broke up, and all Men went
the greater with the Prince, and de to their Quarters, which were at 2
firing that no other Perſon ſhould have great Diſtance, without any apprehen-
any Credit with the King. So the lion of an Enemy. But that Night
War was ſcarce begun when there ap: about twelve o'Clock, Prince Rupert
pear'd ſuch Factions and Deſigns in ſent the King Word, That the Body
the Army, which wiſe Men look'd of the Rebels Army was within Seven
upon as a very evil Preſage; and the or eight Miles, and that the bead
Inconveniencies, which fow'd from Quarter was at a Village called Kein-
thence, gave the King great Trouble ton on the Edge of Warwickſhire;
in a ſhort Time after.
and that it would be in his Majeſty's
Within two Days after the King Power, if he thought fit, to fight a Battle
march'd from Shrewſbury; the Earl of the next Day; which his Majeſty liked
Eſex moved from Worceſter to attend well, and therefore immediately dif-
him, with an Army far ſuperior in patched Orders to croſs the Deſign
Number to the King's ; the Horſe for Banbury, and that the whole Army
and Foot being compleatly Arm’d, ſhould draw to a Rendezvous on the
and the Men very well Exerciſed, and Top of Edgebill; which was a high
the whole Equipage (being ſupplied Hill about two Miles from Keinton,
out of the King's Magazines) ſuitable where the head Quarter of the Earl
to an Army ſet forth at the Charge of was, which had a clear Proſpect of all
a Kingdom. The Earl of Bedford that Valley.
had the Name of General of the In the Morning being Sunday the
Horſe, though that Command prin. 23d of October, when the Rebels were
cipaly depended upon Sir William beginning their March (for they ſuf-
pected
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The BATTLE
of
EDGE-HILL,
J. Smit. Geulp?
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
pected not the King's Forces to be Standard carried by Sir Edmund Ver-
near) they perceived a fair Body of ney Knight Marſhal. The King's right
Horfe on the Top of that Hill, and Wing of Horſe was commanded by
eaſily concluded thein March was not Prince Rupert, the left Wing by Mr.
then to be far. It is certain they were Wilmot Commiſſary General of the
exceedingly ſurprized, having never Horſe, who was affifted by Sir Arthur
had ary other Confidence of their Aſton with moſt of the Dragoons,be-
Men, than by the Diſparity they con cauſe that left Wing was oppoſed to
clụded would be ſtill between their the Enemies right, which had the
Numbers, and the King's, the which Shelter of fome Hedges lin'd with
they found themſelves now. deceivid Muſqueteers, and the Reſerve was
in. For two of their ſtrongeſt and committed to Sir John Byron, and
beſt Regiments of Foot, and one Re- conliſted indeed only of his own Regi-
giment of Horſe, was a days March ment. At the Entrance into the Field,
behind with their Animunition. So the King's Troop of Guards, either
that, though they were ftill ſuperior provoked by ſome unſeaſonable Scoffs
in Number, yet that difference was among the Soldiery, or out of deſire
not ſo great as they promiſed them- of Glory, or both, beſought the King,
felves. However it cannot be denied That he would give them leave to be ab
that the Earl, with great dexterity, ſent that Day from his Perſon, and to
performed whatſoever could be expect- Charge in the Front among the Horſe,
ed from a wiſe General. He choſe the which bis Majeſty conſented to.
that Ground which beſt liked him. They deſir'd Prince Rupert, to give
There was between the Hill and the them that Honour which belonged to
Town a fair Campaign, ſave that near them; who accordingly allign’d them
the Town it was narrower, and on the the firlì Place; which, though they
right Hand ſome Hedges and In- performed their Parts with admirable
cloſures: ſo that there he placed Courage, may well be reckon'd among
Muſqueteers, and not above two Regi. the overſights of that Day.
ments of Horſe, where the Ground It was near three of the clock in the
was narroweſt ; but on his left Wing-he Afternoon, before the Battle begun's
placed a Body of a thouſand Horſe, which, at that time of the Year, was
commanded by one Ramſey a Scotch-. fo late, that ſome were of Opinion,
man; the Reſerve of Horſe, which that the Buſineſs ſhould be deferrá
was a good one, was commanded by till the next Day. But againſt that
the Earl of Bedford, General of their there were many Objections, The
Horſe, and Sir William Balfour with King's Numbers could not encreaſe, the
him. The General himſelf was with Enemies mights for they had not only
the Foot, which were ordered as much their Garriſons, Warwick, Coventry,
to advantage as might be. And in and Banbury, within diſtance, but all
this poſture they ſtood from eight of that. Country fo devoted to them,
the Clock in the Morning.
that they had all Proviſions brought
On the other Side, though Prince to them, without the leaſt Troubles
Rupert was early in the Morning with whereas, on the other Side, the Peo-
the greateſt Pare of the Horſe on the ple were ſo diſaffected to the King's
Top of the Hill, which gave the Party, that they had carried away, or
Enemy the firſt Alarm of the Necef- hid all their Proviſions,' inſomuch as
ſity of fighting, yet the Foot were there was neither Meat for Man or
-quarter'd at fa great a Diſtance, that Horſe ; and the very Smiths hid
many Regiments marched ſeven or 'themſelves, that they might not be
cighe Miles to the Rendezvous, ſo that compell?d to ſhoe Horſes, of which
was paſt one of the Clocks before in thoſe ftony Ways there was great
the King's Forces marched down the need. This proceeded not from any
Hill'; the General himfelf at the Head radical Malice, or Diſaffection to the
of his own Regiments of Foot, his King's Cauſe, or his Perſon, though
Son the Lord Willougł by being next it is true, that Circuit in which this
to him, with the King's Regiment of Battle was fought, being very much
Guards, in which was the King's in the Intetett of the Lord Say, and
the
!
í
228
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Lord Brooke, was the moſt emi In this Hurry, there was an Oiif-
nently corrupted of any County in fion of ſomewhat, which the King
England; but by the Reports, and intended to have executed before the
Infuſions which the other very diligent beginning of the Battle. He had
Party had wrought into the People's caufed many Proclamations to be print-
Belief, That the Cavaliers were of a ed of Pardon to all thoſe Soldiers who
Fierce, Bloody; and Licentious Diſpoſi- would lay down their Arms, which he
tion, and that they committed all man reſolv'd as is ſaid before, to have fent
ner of Cruelty upon the Inhabitants of by a Herald to the Earl of Eſſex, and
thoſe Places where they came, of which, to have found Ways to have ſcatter'd,
Robbery was the leaſt : ſo that the poor and diſperſed them in that Army, as
People thought there was no other ſoon as he underſtood they were within
Way to preſerve their Goods, than any Diſtance of him. But all Men were
by hiding them out of the Way; now ſo much otherwiſe buſied, that it
which was confeſſed by them, when was not foon enough remember'd;
they found how much that Informa- and when it was, the Proclamations
tion had wronged them, by making were not at hand; which, by that
them fo injurious to their Friends. which follows, might probably have
And therefore where the Army produced a good Effect. For as the
reſted a Day, they found much better right Wing of the King's Horſe ada
Entertainment at parting, than when vanced to charge the left Wing,
they came ; for it will not be denied, which was the Groſs of the Enemy's
that there was no Perſon of Honour Horſe, Sir_Faithful Forteſcue, with
or Quality, who paid not. punctually his whole Troop advanced from the
·and exactly for what they had ; and Groſs of their Horſe, and diſcharging
there was not the leaſt Violence or all their Piſtols on the Ground, with-
Diſordes among the common Soldiers in little more than Carabine Shot of
in their March, which ſcaped ex his own Body, preſented Himſelf,
emplary Punifhment, ſo that at Bro- and his Troop to Prince Rupert; and
michan, a Town ſo generally wicked, immediately, with his "Highneſs,
that it had riſen upon {mall Parties of charg'd the Enemy. Whether this
'the King's, and killed, or taken them ſudden Accident, as it might very well,
Priſoners, and ſent them to Con and the not knowing how many more
ventry, declaring a more-peremp were of the fame Mind, each: Man
tory Malice to his Majeſty than any looking upon his Companion with the
oçher Place, two Soldiers were exe- fame Apprehenfion as upon the Ene-
çured, for having taken ſome ſmall my, or whether the: Terror of Prince
Trifle of no Value out of a Houſe, Rupert, and the King's Horſe, or all
whofe Owner was at that time in the together, with their own evil Con-
Rebels Army. So ſtrict was the ſciences, wrought upon them, I know
Diſcipline 'in this Army; when the not, but that whole Wing, having
other, without controul, practiſed all unſkilfully diſcharg'd their
Carabines
the Diffoluteneſs imaginable. But and-Piſtols into the Air, wheel'd a-
thie March was ſo faſt, that the leav- bout, the King's Horſe charging in the
ing a good Reputation behind them, "Flank and Rear, and having thus ab-
Waš no Harbinger to provide for their ſolutely routed them, purſued them
@better Reception in the next Quarters. flying; and had the Execution of them
iso 'thaſ their Wants were ſo great, at above two Miles.
"the Time when they came to Edgebill, The left Wing, commanded by
that there were very many Companies Mr. Wilmot, hád, as good. Succeſs,
of the common Soldiers, who had though they were to charge in worſe
fcarce'eaten Bread in eight and forty Ground, among Hedges, and through
Hours before. The only way to cure Gaps and Ditches, which were lind
this was a Victory.; and therefore the with Muſqueteers.. But Sir Arthur
King gave the Word, though it was Afton, with great Courage and Dex-
"late, the Enemy keeping their Ground terity, beat off thoſe Muſqueteers with
ito receive him without advancing at his Dragoons; and then the right
all.
Wing of their Horſe was as eaſily
routed
LT
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 229
i
0
ſoner;
Fouted and diſperſed as their left; and that Body, before he ſuſpected themi
ihoſe follow'd the Chaſe as furiouſly to be Enemies.
as the other. The Reſerve ſeeing none When Prince Rupert retürn'd from
of the Enemy's Horſe left, thought the Chaſe; he found this great Altera-
there was nothing more to be done, tion in the field, and his Majeſty
but to purſue thoſe that fed ; and himſelf with few Noblemen, and a
could not be contain'd by their Com- ſmall Retinue about him, and the
manders; but with Spurs and looſe Hope of ſo glorious a Day quite va-
Reins follow'd the Chaſe, which their nifh'd. For though inoſt of the Offi:
left Wing had led them. And by
And by cers of Horſe were return'd, and that
this means, whilſt moſt Men thought Part of the Field cover'd again with
the Victory unqueſtionable, the King the looſe Troops, yet they could not
was in danger of the fame Fate which be perſwaded, or drawn to charge
his Predeceffor Henry the Third had either the Enemies Reſerve of Horſe;
at the Battle of Lewes againſt his Ba- which alone kept the Field, or the
rons; when his Son the Prince, hav. Body of their foot, which only kept
ing routed their Horſe; follow'd the their Ground. The Officers pretend
Chaſe ſo far, that, before his Return to ing, That the Soldiers were ſo diſperſ-
the Field; his Father was taken Pri- ed; that there were not ten of any Troop
arid fo his Victory fervd only together; and the Soldiers, that their
to make the Misfortunes of that Day Horſes were fo tired, that they could
the more intolerable. For all the not charge. But the Truth is, where
King's Horſe having thus left the Field, many Soldiers of one Troop or Regi-
many of them only following the Ex ment were rallied together, there the
ecution, others intending the Spoil in Officers were wanting; and where the
the Town of Keinton, where all the Officers were ready, there the Sol-
Baggage wass, and the Earl of Eſex's diers were not together; and neither
own Coach, which was taken, and Officers, nor Soldiers deſired to move
brought away their Reſerve, com- without thoſe who properly belonged
manded by Sir Willian Balfour, mova to them. Things had now ſo ill an
ed up and down the Field in good Aſpect, that many were of Opinion
Order, and marching towards the that the King ſhould leave the Field,
King's Foot pretended to be Friends, though it was not eaſy to adviſe whis
till obſerving no Horſe to be in Reas ther he ſhould have gone, which if
dineſs to charge them, they brake in he had done, he had left an abſolute
upon the Foot, and did great Execu- Victory to thoſe, who even' at this
tion, Then was the General the Earl Time thought themſelves overcome.
of Lindſey, in the Head of his Regi- But the King was poſitive againſt this
ment, being op Foot, ſhot in the Advice, well knowing, that as that
Thigh; with which he fell, and was Army was raiſed by his Perſon and
preſently encompaſs'd with the Ene- Preſence only, ſo it could by no other
my; and his Son, the Lord Willough. means be kept together ; and he
ky, piouſly endeavouring the Reſcue thought it Unprincely, to forſake
of his father, taken Priſoner with him. Them who had forſaken all they had
Then was the Standard taken (Sir Edu to ſerve him! Beſides; he obſerv'd
mund Verney, who bore it, being the other Side looked not as if they
killd) but reſcued again by Captain thought themſelves Conquerors; for
John Smith, an Officer of the Lord that Reſerve, which, did ſo much
Grandiſon's Regiment of Horſe, and Miſchief before, ſince the Return of
by him brought off. And if thofe his Horſe, betook themſelves to a fixt
Horſe had beſtirr'd themſelves, they Station between their Foot, which at
might with little Difficulty have de- beſt could but be thought to ſtand
ſtroy'd, or taken Priſoner the King their Ground; which two Brigades of
himſelf, and his two Sons, the Prince the King's did with equal Courage,
of Wales and the Duke of York; being and gave equal Vollies; and therefore
with fewer than one hundred Horſe, he try'd all poſlible Ways to get the
and thoſe without Officer or Com: Horſe to charge again ; eaſily diſcern-
mand, within half Muſket Shot of ing, by ſome little Attempts which
67
M mm
were
230
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
were made, what a notable Impreſſion tifully, to be brought thither to them
a briſk one would have made upon the for their Refreſhment, and repoſed
Enemy. And when he ſaw it was not himſelf with them in the Place; be-
to be done, he was content with their ſides, that Night he receiv'd a great
only ſtanding ſtill.
Addition of Strength, not only by
Without doubt, if either Party had Rallying thoſe Horſe, and Foot,
known the Conſtitution of the other, which had run out of the Field in the
they had not parted fo fairly; and, Battle, but by the Arrival of Colonel
very probably, which ſoever had made Hambden, and Colonel Grantham,
a bold Offer, had compaſs'd his End with two thouſand freſh Foot (which
upon his Enemy. This made many
This made many were reckon'd among the beſt of the
believe, though the Horſe vaunted Army) and five hundred Horſe,
themſelves aloud to have done their which marched a Day behind the Ar-
Part, that the good Fortune of the my for the Guard of their, Ammuni-
firſt Part of the Day, which well ma- tion, and a great Part of their Train,
naged would have ſecured the reſt, not ſuppoſing there would have been
was to be imputed rather to their E- any Action that would have required
nemy's Want of Courage, than to their Preſence. All the Advantage
their own Virtue (which after ſo this ſeaſonable Recruit brought them,
great a Victory, could not ſo ſoon
was to give their old Men ſo much
have forſaken them) and to the ſudden Courage as to keep the Field, which
and unexpected Revolt of Sir Faithful it was otherwiſe believ'd, they would
Forteſcue with a whole Troop, no hardly have been perſwaded to have
doubt much to the Confternation of done. In the other Army, after a
thoſe he left; though they had not very cold. Night ſpent in the Field,
fo good Fortune as they deſerv'd; for without any Refreſhment of Victual,
by the Negligence of not throwing or Proviſion for the Soldiers (for the
away their Orange Tawny Scarfs, Country was ſo diſaffected, that it not
which they all wore as the Earl of El- only not fent in Proviſions, but Sol-
Sex’s Colours, and being immediately diers, who ftraggled into the Villages
engaged in the Charge, many of them, for Relief, were knocked on the Head
not fewer than ſeventeen or eighteen, by the Common People) the King
were ſuddenly kill?d by thoſe to whom found his Troops very thin ; for
they joyn'd themſelves.
though by Conference with the Offi-
In this Doubt of all Sides, the Night, cers, he might reaſonably conclude,
the Common Friend to weary'd and that there were not many flain in the
diſinay'd Armies, parted them; and Battle, yet a third Part of his Foot
then the King cauſed his Cannon, which were not upon the Place, and of the
were neareſt the Enemies, to be drawn Horſe, many miſſing; and they that
off; and with his whole Forces himſelf were in the Field were ſo tired with
ſpent the Night in the Field, by ſuch Duty, and weaken’d with Want of
a Fire as could be made of the little Meat, and ſhrunk up with the cruel
Wood and Buſhes which grew there- Cold of the Night (for it was a terri-
abouts, unreſolv'd what to do the next ble Froſt, and there was no Shelter of
Morning ; many reporting, That the either Tree or Hedge) that though
Enemy was gone; but when the Day they had Reaſon to believe, by the
appear’d, the contrary was diſcover'd: ſtanding ſtill of the Enemy; whilſt a
For then they were feen ſtanding in ſmall Party of the King's Horſe, in
the fame Poſture and Place in which the Morning, took away four Pieces
they fought, from whence the Earl of their Cannon very near them, that
of Elex, wiſely, never ſuffer'd them any Offer towards a Charge, or but
to ſtir all that Night; preſuming rea- marching towards them, would have
ſonably, that if they were drawn off made a notable Impreſſion in thein,
never ſo little froin that Place, their yet there was ſo viſible an Averſeneſs-
Numbers would leffen, and that ma-. from it in moſt Officers as well as Sol-
ny would run away; and therefore he diers, that the King thought not fit to
cauſed all manner of Proviſions, with make the Attempt; but contented
which the Country ſupplied him plen-, himſelf to keep his Men in Order,
the
+
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 231
the Body of Horſe facing the Enemy. neglected, or inhibited the perform-
ụpon the field where they had ing any neceſſary Offices to him, out
fought.
of the Inſolence of his Nature, and
Towards Noon the King reſolv'd in Revenge of ſome former Unkind--
to try that Expedient, which was pre- neſſes, which had paſſed between
pared for the Day before ; and ſent them. But; I preſume, it may be
Sir William le Neve Clarencieux King with more Juſtice attributed to the
at Arms, to the Enemy, with his Hurry, and Diſtraction of that Sealon,
Proclamation of Pardon to ſuch as when, being ſo unſecure of their
would lay down their Arms; believ- Friends, they had no Thoughts va-
ing though he expected then little Be- 'cant for their Enemies. For it is not
nefit by the Proclamation, that he to be deny'd at the Time when the
ſhould, by that Means, receive fome Earl of Lindſey was taken Priſoner,
Advertiſement of the Condition of the the Earl of Elex thought himſelf in
Army, and what Priſoners they had more danger; and among his Faults,
taken (for many Perſons of Com-' want of Civility and Courteſy was
mandand Quality were wanting) giving none.
him Order likewiſe to deſire to ſpeak The Number of the Slain, by the
with the Earl of Lindſey, who was Teſtimony of the Miniſters, and o-
known to be in their Hands. Before Sir thers of the next Pariſh, who took
William came to the Army, he was care of the Burying of the Dead, and
receiv'd by the out-Guards, and con which was the only Computation that
ducted, with ſtrictneſs (that he might could be made, amounted to above
ſay, or publiſh nothing among the five thouſand; whereof two Parts were
Soldiers) to the Earl of Elex;' who, conceiv'd to be of thoſe of the Parlia--
when he offer'd to read the Procla ment Party, and not above a third
mation aloud, and to deliver the Ef- Party of the King's. Indeed the Loſs'
fect of it, that he might be heard by of both Sides was ſo great, and ſo lit-
thoſe who were preſent, rebuked him tle of Triumph appeard in, either,
with ſome roughneſs, and charged that the Victory could ſcarce be im-
him, As: he lov'd bis Life, not to pre-i puted to the one or the other. Yet-
ſume to ſpeak a Word to the Soldiers; the King's keeping the Field, and
and after ſome few Queſtions, fent having the Spoil of it, by which many
him preſently back well guarded Perſons of Quality, who had lain
through the Army, without any An- wounded in the Field were preſerv'd,
fwer at all. At his Return he had ſo his purſuing afterwards the ſame Des
great and feeling a Senſe of the Dan- ſign he had when he was diverted to
ger he had paſſed, that he made little the Battle, and ſucceeding in it (which
Obſervation of the Poſture or Num- ſhall be touch'd anon) were greater
bers of the Enemy: Only he ſeemid Enſigns of Victory on that Side, than
to have ſeen, or apprehended ſo much taking the General Priſoner, and the
Trouble and Diſorder in the Faces of taking the Standard, which was like-
the Earl of Elex, and the principal wiſe recovered, were on the other.
Officers, about him, and ſo much of the King's, the principal Perſons'
Dejection in the Common Soldiers, . who were loſt, were the Earl of Lind-
that they looked like Men who had Sey, General of the Army, the 'Lord
no farther Ambition, than to keep Stewart, Lord Aubigney Son to the
what they had left. He brought' Duke of Lenox, and Brother to the
word of the Death of the Earl of Lind then Duke of Richmond and Lenox,
Sey; who, being carried out of the Sir Edmund Verney, Knight Marſhal
Field a Priſoner, into a Barn of the of the King's Horſe, and Standard
next Village, for Want of a Surgeon, Bearer, and ſome others of leſs
and ſuch Accommodations as were ne- Name, though of great Virtue, and
ceſſary, within few Hours died with the good Quality.
Loſs of Blood, his Wound not being The Earl of Lindſey was a Man of
otherwiſe mortal or dangetous. This very noble Extraction, and inherited
was imputed to the Inhumanity of the a great Fortune from his Anceſtors;
Earl of Eſſex, as if he had purpoſely which though hedid not manage with ſo
great
1
+
132
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
great Cáre, as if he deſired much to he put in mind of the great Öbligat
improve, yet he left it in a very fair tions he had to the King : how much
Condition to his Family, which more his Majeſty diſobliged the whole Ent
intended the increaſe of it. He was gliſh Nation by putting him into the
a Man of great Honour, and ſpent his Command of the Tower; and that it
Youth, and Vigour of his Age in was the moſt odious ingratitude in .
Military Actions and Commands a him to make him that return. He
broad : and albeit he indulged to him- wiſh'd them tº tell my Lord Elexs
felf great Liberties of Life, yet he 'That, be ought to caſt himſelf at the
fțill preſerv'd a very great Intereſt in King's Feet to beg his Pardon; whịch
his Country, as appeared by the Sup if he did not-ſpeedily do, kis Memory
plies he and his Son, brought to the would be odious to the Nation ; and
King's Army; the ſeveral Companies continued this kind of Diſcourſe with
of his own Regiment of Foot, being ſo much vehemence, that ihe Officers
commanded by the principal Knights by degrees withdrew themſelyes, and
and Gentlemen of Lincoln-ſbire, who prevented the Viſit the Earl of Eſſexi
engaged themſelves in the Service intended him, who only ſent the beſt
principally out of their perſonal Af- Surgeons to him, but in the very
fection to him. He was of a very opening of his Wounds he died before
generous Nature, and punctual. in the Morning, only upon the loſs of
that he undertook, and in exacting Blood. He had very many Friends,
what was due to him ; which made and very few Enemies: and died ge-
him bear that Reſtriction fo heavily, nerally lamented.
which was put upon him by the Com. The Lord Aubigney was a Gentle
miſſion granted to Prince Rupert, man of great Hopes, of a gentle and
and the King's preferring the Prince's willing diſpoſition, and of very clear
Opinion, in all Matters relating Courage : he was kill'd in the firſt
to the War, before his. Nor did Charge with the Horſe; where, there
he conceal his Reſentment: the Day. being ſo little Reſiſtances gavę Occa-
before the Battle, he ſaid to ſome fion to fuſpect that was done by his
Friends, with whom he had uſed free- own Lieutenant, who was 'a Dutch-
dom, That be did not look upon himſelf man, and had not been fo punctual,
as General; and therefore he was re in his Duty, but that he received ſome
folved, when the Day of Battle jould reprehenſion from his Captain, which
come, that be world be in the Head of he murmur'd at. His Body was
bis Regiment as a private Colonelę brought offs and buried at Chriſt-
where be would die. He was carried Cburch in Oxford; his two younger
qut of the Field to the next Village, Brothers, the Lord John and the
and if he could then have procured Lord Bernard Stewart, were in the
Surgeons, it was thought his Wound fame Battle, and were afterward both
would not have proved mortal. And as killed in the War, Şir Edmund
foon as the other Army was compoſed by Verney hath been mention'd before ;
the coming on of the Nights the Earl he was a Perſon of great Honour and
of Elex; about Midnights' fent Sir Courage, and loſt his Life in that
William Balfour, and ſome other Of Charge, when Balfour, with that Re-
ficers to fee him, and to offer him all ſerve of Horſe, which had been
Ofices, and meant himſelf to have ſo long undiíçemed, broke into
viſited him. They found him upon a thoſe Regiments; but his body was
little Straw in a poor Houſe, where not found.
they had laid him in his Blood, which Priſoners taken by the Enemy were,
had run from him in great Abundance, the Lord Willoughby, haftily and
no Surgeon having been yet with himą piouſly endeavouring the reſcue of his
only he had great Vivacity in his looks; Father's Sir Thomas Lunsford, and Sir
And told them, He was forry to ſee fu Edward Stradling, both Colonels ;
many Gentlemen, fome whereof were his and Sir Willian Wavafour ; who.com.
old Friends, engaged in fo foul a Rebel manded the King's Regiment of
lions and principally directed his Dif- Guards under the Lord Willoughby :
courſe to Sir Williami Balfour, whom and ſome other inferior Commanders
Three
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
233
There were hurt, Sir Jacob Aſtley, and had ſent all his Priſoners; fo that;
Sir Nicholas Byron, and more dan on the Tueſday Morning, the King
gerouſly Colonel Charles Gerrard, was inform’d that the Enemy was
who, being ſhot in the Thigh, was gone, and that ſome of his Horſe
brought off the Field without any had attended thc Rear of the Enemy
hopes of Life, but recover'd to act a almoſt to Warwick ; and that they
great Part afterwards in the War; had left many of their Carriages, and
Sir George Stròde, and ſome other very many of rheir wounded Soldiers
Gentlemen who ſervd among the at the Village next to the Field, by
Foot ; for of the Horſe there was not which it appeard that their Remove
an Officer of Name who received a
was in Haites and not without Ap-
Wound, the Lord. Aubigney only ex- prehenſion.
cepted; ſo little reſiſtance did that After the Horſe had march'd almoſt
part of the Enemy make. Of the to Warwick, ' and found the Coaſt
Rebels there were ſlain, beſides the clear from the Enemy, they return'd
Lord Saint-Johns, Colonel Charles to the Field to view the dead Bodies,
Eſex, the Soldier of whom they had many going to enquire after their
the beſt Opinion, and who had al- Friends who were miſſing, where they
ways, till this laſt Action, preſerved found many not yet dead of their
a good Reputation in the World, Wounds, but lying ſtripp'd: among
which was now the Worſe, over and the Dead, among whom, with others,
above the Guilt of Rebellion, by his young Mr. Scroop brought off his Fa-.
having ſworn to the King of Bohemia, ther, Sir Gervas Scroop; who, being
by whoſe Interceſſion he procured an old Gentleman of great Fortune in
leave from the Prince of Orange to go Lincolnſhire, had raiſed a Foot Com-
into England, That he would never pany among his Tenants, and brought
ſerve againſt the King : And many o them in to the Earl of Lindſey's Regi-
ther of obſcure Names, though Of. ment, out of Devotion and Reſpect to
ficers of goad Command. There his Lordſhip, as well as Duty to the
were a good Number of their Officers; · King; and had, about the Time that
eſpecially of Horſe, taken Prifoners, the General was taken, faln with ſix-
but (ſave that ſome of them were Par teen Wounds in his Body and Head ;
liament Men) of mean Quality in the and had lain ſtripp'd among the
World, except only Sir William Ef- Dead, from that Time, which was
ſex the Father of the Colonel, whoſe about three in the Afternoon on Sun-
Wants, from having waſted a very day, all that cold Night, all Monday,
great Fortune, and his Son's Invita- and Monday Night, and till Tueſday
tion, led him into that Company; Evening, for it was ſo late before his
where he was a private Captain of his Son found him; whom with great
Regiment.
Piety he carried to a warm Lodging,
When the Armies had thus only and afterwards to Oxford, where he
look'd one upon another, the whole wonderfully recover'd.
The next
Day, and it being diſcern'd that the Morning after, being Wedneſday,
Enemy had drawn off his Carriages, there was another Gentleman one Bel-
the King directed all his Arny to re- lingham, of an ancient Extraction,
tire into their old Quarters, preſuming and the only Son of his Father, found
(as it proved) that many of thoſe who among the Dead, and brought off by
were wanting would be found there. his Friends, with twenty Wounds;
And ſo himſelf with his two Sons went who, after ten Days, died at Oxford,
to Edgecot, where he lay the Night by the Negligence of his Surgeons,
before the Battle, reſolving to reſt the who left a Wound in his Thigh, of it-
next Day, both for the refreſhing his felf not dangerous, undiſcern'd, and
wearied, and even tired Men, and to ſc by feſtering deſtroyed a Body very
be inform’d of the Motion and Con- hopefully recover'd of thoſe which
dition of the Enemy, upon which were only thought Mortal. The Sur-
ſome Troops of the King's Horſe at geons were of Opinion, that both
tended. The Earl of Elſex retired theſe Gentlemen owed their Lives go
with to Warwick Caſtle, whither he the Inhumanity of thoſe who ſtrippi
69
Nn'n
them,
234
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
them, and to the Coldneſs of the were planted againſt the Caſtle, and
Nights, which ſtopp'd their blood, the Army drawn out before it; but
better than all their Skill, and Medi- upon the firſt ſhot made, the Caſtle
caments could have done, and that if ſent to creat, and upon leave to go a-
they had been brought off within any way without their Arms, they fairly
'reaſonable diſtance of Time after and kindly deliver'd the Place; and
their Wounds, they had undoubtedly half the Common Soldiers at the leaſt
periſhed.
readily took Conditions, and put them-
On Wedneſday Morniug, the King ſelves into the King's Army, the Reſt
drew his Army to a Rendezvous, of the Arms came very ſeaſonably to
where he found his Numbers great- fupply maný Soldiers of every Regi-
er than he expected; for, in the ment, who either never had any be-
Night after the Battle, very many of fore, or had loſt them in the Battle.
the Common Soldiers out of Cold, and This laſt Succeſs declared where the
Hunger, had found their old Quarters. Victory was before at Edge-Hill; for
So that it was really believ'd upon this though the routing of their Horſe;
View, when this little Reſt had re the having kill'd more upon the Place,
covered a ſtrange Chearfulneſs into all and taken more Priſoners, the Num
Men, that there were not in that Bat- ber of the Colours won from the E-
tle loſt above three hundred Men at nemy (which were near forty in Num-
moſt. There the King declared Ge- ber) without the Loſs of above three
neral Ruthen General of his Army in or four, and laſtly the taking four
the Place of the Earl of Lindſey ; and Pieces of their Cannon the next Morn-
then marched to Ayno, a little Village ing after the Battle, were ſo many
two Miles diſtant from Banbury, of Arguments that the Victory inclined
which his Majeſty that Day took a to the King: On the other side, the
View, and meant to attempt it the Loſs of the General himſelf, and ſo
next Day following. There was at many Men of Name either kill'd or
that time in Banbury Caſtle a Regi- taken Priſoners, who were generally
ment of eight hundred Foot, and a known over the Kingdom (whereas
Troop of Horſe, which, with Spirits the Lord Saint-Yohns, and Colonel
proportional, had been enough to Elex, the Names of the reſt of that
have kept ſo ſtrong a Place from an Party were ſo obſcure, that neither
Army better prepar’d to have aſſault- the one Side ſeem'd "to be Gainers by
ed it, than the King's then was, and having taken or kill'd them, nor the
at a Seaſon of the Year more commo- other Side to be Loſers by being
dious for a Siege. And therefore without them) the having kept the
many were of Opinion, that the King Field laft, were ſufficient Teſtimonies
ſhould have märched by it, without at the leaſt that they were not over-
taking Notice of it, and that the en-
But now the taking of Ban-
gaging before it
, might prove very bury, which was the more ſignal, by
prejudicial to him.
the Circumſtances of that part of the
That which prevail'd with him to Armies being, before the Battle, de-
ſtay there, beſides the Courage of his ſign’d for that Service, then recall'd
Soldiers, who had again recover'd to the Field, and after that Field
their appetite to Action, was that he fought, and the Retreat of the Enemy,
could not well reſolve whither to go; the readvancing upon it, and taking
for till he was inform’d what the Earl it, was ſo undeniable an Argument
of Eſſex did, he knew not how to di- . that the Earl of Eſſex was more bro-
rect ħis March, and if the Enemy ad- ken and ſcatter'd than ac arſt he ap-
vanced upon him, he could not Fight pear'd to be, that the King's Army
in a Place of more Advantage. And was look'd upon as Victorious. A
therefore, having ſent a Trumpet to Garriſon was put into Banbury, and
ſummon the Caſtle, and having firſt the Command thereof committed to
taken the Lord Say's Houſe at Brough- the Earl of Northampton, and then
1.71, where there was ſome ſhew of Re- the King march'd to his own Houſe
ſiſtance, and in it a Troop of Horſe, at Woodſtock ; "and the next Day with
and ſome good Arns, the Canno? the whole Army to Oxford, which
come.
Was
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 235
was the only City of England that he glorious Account of what had pafred,
could ſay was entirely at his Devotion; and made as if his Stay'at Warwick
where he was receiv'd by the Univer were rather to receive new Orders and
fity, to whom the Integrity and Fide- Commands from them, than out of
lity of that Place is to be imputed, any Weakneſs or Inability to purſue
with all Joy and Acclamation. the old, and that he attended the
The Earl of Eſex continued ſtill at King's Motion as well as if he had
Warruck; repairing his broken Regi- been within ſeven Miles of him.
ments and Troops, which every Day It is certain the Confternation was
leſſen'd and impair’d; for the Num- very great at London, and in the two
ber of bis ſlain Men were greater than Houſes, from the Time that they
it was reported to be, there being ve- heard, that the King 'march'd from
ry many killd in the Chaſe, and ma- Shrewſbury with a form’d Army, and
ny
who died of their Wounds after that he was reſolv'd to Fight, as ſoon as
they were carried off, and, of thoſe he could meet with Theirs. How-
who run away in the Beginning, more ever, they endeavoured to keep up
ſtaid away than return'd; and which confidently the ridiculous Opinion
was more; they who run fartheſt and among the Common Peeple, that the
faſteſt, told ſuch lamentable Stories of King did not command, but was car-
the Defeat, and many of them ſhew'd ried about in that Army of the Cava-
ſuch Hurts, that the Terror thereof liers, and was deſirous to eſcape from
was even ready to make the People them; which they hoped the Earl of
revolt to their Allegiance in all Places. Eſex would give him Opportunity to
Many of thoſe who had ſtood their do. The firſt News they heard of
Ground, and behav'd themſelves well the Armies being engaged, was by
in the Battle, either with Remorſe of thoſe who fled upon the firſt Charge;
Conſcience, Horror of what they had who made marvellous Haſte from the
done, and ſeen, or Wearineſs of the Place of Danger, and thought nog
Duty and Danger, withdrew them- themſelves fafe, till they were gotten
ſelves from their Colours, and ſome out of any poſſible Diſtance of being
from their Commands., And it is purſued. It is certain, though it was
certain many engaged themſelves paſt two of the Clock before the Bat-
firſt in that Service, out of an Opinion, tle begun, many of the Soldiers, and
that an Army would procure a Peace fome Commanders of no mean Name,
without Fighting ; others out of a were at St. Albans, which was near
Deſire to ſerve the King, and reſolv- thirty Miles from the Field, before it
ing to go away themſelves, and to was dark. Theſe Men, as all Run-
carry others with them, as ſoon as aways do for their own Excuſe, re-
they ſhould find themſelves within a ported all for loſt, and the King's
fecure Diſtance to do it ; both thefe Army to be ſo terrible, that it could
being, contrary to their Expectation, not be encounter'd. Some of them,
brought to Fight, the latter not know- that they might not be thought to
ing how to get to the King's Army income away before there was Cauſe, or
the Battle, diſcharged themſelves of whilſt there was any Hope, reported
the Service as ſoon as they came to the Progreſs of the Battle, and pre-
Warwick; fome with leave, and ſome ſeated all thoſe lamentable Things,
without. But that which no doubt and the Circumſtances by which every
moſt troubled his Excellency, was the Part of the Army was defeated, which
Temper and Conſtitutions of his new their terrified Fancies had ſuggeſted
Maſters; who, he knew, expected no to them whilſt they run away ; ſome
leſs from him than a Victory com had ſeen the Earl of Eſex pain, and
pleat; by his bringing the Perſon of heard his dying Words ; That every
the King alive or dead to them; and one ſhould ſhift for himſelf, for all Re-
would conſider what was now fallen fijtance was to no Purpoſe : So that
out, as it was ſo much leſs than they the whole City was, the Monday, full
look'd for, not as it was more than of the Defeat; and though there was
any body elſe could have done for an Expreſs, from the Earl of Eſex
them. However, he gave them a himſelf, of the contrary, there was
not
†
236 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
not Courage enouugh left to believe Diſcoureſs were publith'd how little
it, and every Hour produced ſome- either of theſe two Meffengers had ſeen
what to contradict the Reports of the themſelves of that Days Buſineſs, that
laſt. Monday in the Afternoon, the the City ſeemed not ſo much exalted
Earl of Holland produced a Letter in at their Relations, as the Houſes had
the Houſe of Peers, wnich was written been ; the King's taking Banbury, and
the Night before by the Earl of Eſſex, marching afterwards to Oxford, and
in whịch alſ Particulars of the Day the Reports from thoſe parts of his.
were ſet down, and the impreſion Power, with the Earl of Eſſex's lying
which had in the beginning been made, ſtill at Warwick, gave great Argu-
upon his Horſe; but that the Concluſion ment of Diſcourſe, which grew the
was prosperous. Whilſt this was read- greater by the Commitment of ſeveral
ing, and every Man greedily digeſted Perfons, for reporting, That the King
the good News, the Lord Haſtings, had the better of the Field; which
who had a Command of Horſe in the Men thought would not have been, if
Service, enter?d the Houſe with fright-' the Sueceſs had been contrary; and
ed and ghaſtly looks, and poſitively therefore there was nothing ſo gene-
declared all to be loſt, againſt whatſo- rally ſpoken of, or will'd for, as
ever they believ'd or flattered themſelves Peace.
with. And though it was evident The King found himſelf in good
enough that he had run away from the Eaſe at Oxford, where Care was ta-
Beginning, and only loſt his Wayken for providing for the fick and
thither, inoſt Men look'd upon him wounded Soldiers, and for the Ar-
as the laſt Meſſenger, and even ſhut commodation of the Army, which
their Ears againſt any poſſible
. Com- was, in a ſhort Time recruited there
fort; ſo that without doubt very in a good Meaſure"; and the ſeveral
many, in the Horror and Confterna. Colleges preſented his Majeſty with
tion of eight and forty Hours, paid all the Money they had in their Trea-
and underwent a full Penance and furies, which amounted to a good Sum,
Mortification for the Hopes, and In- and was a very ſeaſonable Supply, as
folence of three Months before. At they had formerly ſent him all their
the laſt, on Wedneſday Morning, the Plate. It had been very happy, if
Lord Wharton, and Mr. William, the King had continued his Reſolu-
Širode, the one a Member of the Houſe tion of fittting ſtill during the Winter
of Lords, the other of the Commons, without making further Attempts ;
arriv'd from the Army, and made fo for his Reputation was now great,.
full a Relation of the Battle, Of the and his Army believ'd to be much
great Numbers Nain on the King's Part, greater than it was, by the Victory
without any conſiderable loſs on their they had obtain'd, and the Parlia-
Side, of the miſerable and weak Condi ment grew more divided into Factions,
tion the King's Army was in, and of and diſlike of what they had done,
the Earl of Effex's. Réſolution to purſue and the City appear'd fuller of diſcon-
kim, That they were not now content tent, and leſs inclin'd to be impos'd
to be Savers, buć voted, That their upon than they had been: So that on
Army had the Viktory; and appointed all Hands nothing was preſs’d, but
a Day for a ſolemn Thankſgiving to that ſome Addreſs might be made to
God for the ſame; and that ſo great a the King for an Accommodation
Joy might not be enjoyed only within which Temper and Diſpoſition might
thoſe Walls, they appointed thoſe two have been cultivated, as many Men:
truſty Meſſengers to communicate the thought, to great Effects, if no far-
whole Relation with all Circumſtances ther Approaches had been made to
to the City; which was conven'd to London, to ſhew them how little Cauſe:
gether at the Guild-Hall to receive the they had for their great fear. But the
fame. But by this Time, ſo many Weather growing fair again, as it
Perſons, who were preſent at the often is about Allhollantide, and a good
Action, came to the Town of both Party of Horſe having been ſent out:
Sides (for there was yet a free inter- from Abingdon, where the head Quar-
courſe with all Quarters) and ſome ter of the Horſe was, they advanced.
farther
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
237
I
farther than they had Order to do, and quitted; which they did without the
upon their Approach to Reading, Lofs of a Man, and himſelf went to
where Harry Martin was Governor his own Houſe at Hampton-Court;
for the Parliament, there was a great where he refted the next Day, as well
Terror ſeized upon them, inſomuch to refreſh his Army, even tir'd with
as Governor and Garriſon Aled to Watching and Fafting, as to expect
London, and left the Place to the Party fome Propoſitions from the Houſes.
of Horſe.
For upon his advance to Brantford, he
Upon this and other.Motives, the had ſent a Servant of his own, one
King was prevaild with to march with Mr. White, with a Meſſage to the Par-
his Army to Reading; and quickly af- liament, and defiring, the Propoſiti-
ter the King march'd with his whole ons might be diſpatch'd to him with
Army towards Brantford, where were all Speed. But his Meffenger being
two Regiments of their beſt Foot,. carried to the Earl of Elex, was by
having barricadoed the narrow Ave- him uſed very roughly, and by the
nues to the Town, and caft up ſome Houfes committed to the Gate-houſe,
Jittle Breaſt-works at the moſt conve not without the Motion of ſome Men,
nient Places. Here a Welſh Regiment that he might be executed as a Spy.
of the King's, which had been faulty After a Days, ſtay at Hampton-Court,
at Edge-bill, recover'd it's Honour, the King remov'd himſelf to his Houſe
and aflulted the Works, and forced at Oatlands, leaving the Groſs of his
the Barricadoes, well defended by the Army ſtill ať Kingſton, afterwards
Enemy. Then the King's Forces enter'd marching to Reading, and having ſeen
the Town after a very warm Service, . a Line about that Town, which he
the chief Officers, and many Soldiers reſolv’d to keep as a Garriſon, and
of the other Side being kill'd; and the Works in a reaſonable Forward-
they took there above five hundred neſs, he left Şir Arthur Aſton, whom
Priſoners, eleven Colours, and fifteen he had lately made Commiffary Gene-
Pieces of Cannon, and good Store of ral of the Horſe (Mr, Wilmot being
Ammunition.
at the ſame Time conſtituted Lieute-
Upon this News being brought to nant General) Governor thereof, with
London, the Army under the Earl of a Garriſon of above two thouſand Foot,
Eſex was not only drawn together, and a good Reginzent of Horſe: And
but all the Train'd-bands of London himſelf with the reſt of his Army
led out in their brighteſt Equipage march'd to Oxford, where he reſolv'd
upon the Heath next Brentford; where to reſt that Winter, ſettling at the ſame
they had indeed a full Arny of Horſe Time a good Garriſon at Wallingford,
and Foot, , fit to have decided the a Place of great Importance within
Title of a Crown with an equal Ad- eight Miles of Oxford; another at the
verſary. The View and Proſpect of Brill upon the Edge of Buckingham-
this ſtrength, extremely puffed them mire; a third being before ſettled at
up; not only as it was an ample Secu- Banbury ; Abingdon being the Head
rity againſt the preſent Danger, but as Quarters for his Horſe; and by this
it look'd like a ſafe Power to encoun means he had all Oxfordſhire entire,
ter any other. They had now before all Berkſhire, but that barren Diviſion
their Eyes the King's little Handful of about Windfor; and from the Brill,
Men, and then begun to wonder and and Banbury, a good Influence upon
bluſh at their own Fears; and all this Buckinghamſhire, and Northampton-
might be without Exceſs of Courage; fire.
for without doubt their Numbers then The King was hardly ſettled in his
were five Times greater than the King's Quarters, when he heard the Parlia-
Harraſſed, Weather-beaten, and Half- ment was fixing a Garriſon at Marl-
itarv'd Troops.
boroughin Wiltſhire, a Town the moſt
When the Evening drew on, and it notoriouſly diſaffected of all that Coun-
appear'd that great Body ſtood only try; otherwiſe, faving the Obſtinacy
for the Defence of the City, the King and Malice of the Inhabitants, in the
appointed his Army to draw off to Situation of it very unfit for a Garri-
Kingſton, which the Rebels had kindly ſon. Thither the Earl of Eſex had
70
- fent
Ooo
238
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
$
ſent one Ramſey, a Scotchman, 2s very make bis Way, and enter the Town by
many of their Officers were of that Force, it would not be in his power to
Nation) to be Governor ; who, with keep bis Soldiers from taking that which
the Help of the factious People there, they ſhould win with their Blood : And
had quickly drawn together five or ſix fo diſmiſs'd him. This generous Act
hundred Men. This Place, the King proved of ſome Advantage; for the
faw, would ſoon prove an ill Neigh Fellow, tranſported with having his
bour to him, not only as it was in the Life given him, and the Numbers of
Heart of a rich Country, and ſo would the Men he had ſeen, beſides his no
ftreighten, and even infeft his Quar- Experience in ſuch Sights, being mul-
ters, but as it did cut off his Line of tiplied by his Fear, made notable
Communication with the Weſt : And Relations of the Strength, Gallantry,
therefore, though it was December, a and Reſolution of the Enemy, and of
Seafon when his tired, and almoſt the Impoſſibility of reſiſting them ;
naked Soldiers might expect Reft, he which, though it prevailed not with
ſent a ſtrong Party of Horſe, Foot, thoſe in Authority to yield, yet it
and Dragoons, under the Command ſtrangely abated the Hopes and Cou-
of Mr. Wilmot, the Lieutenant Ge- rage of the People. So that when the
neral of his Horſe, to viſit that Town, King's Soldiers fell on, after a Volley
who coming thither on a Saturday, or two, in which much Execution
found the Place ſtrongly mann'd; was done, they threw down their
for, beſides the Garriſon, it being Arms, and. ran into the Town, lo
Market-day, very many Country that the Foot had time to make Room
People came thither to buy and fell, for the Horſe, who were now entered
and were all compelld to ſtay and at both Ends of the Town, yet were
take Arms for the Defence of the not ſo near an End as they expected ;
Place ; which for the moſt Part, they for the Streets were in many Places
were willing to do, and the People barricadoed, which were obſtinately
peremptory to defend it.
Though defended by ſome Soldiers and Towní-
there was no Line about it, yet there men, who killed many Men out of
were ſome Places of great Advantage, the Windows of the Houſes: So that,
upon which they had raiſed Batteries, it may be, if they had truſted only to
and planted Cannon, and ſo barrica. their own Strength, without compel-
doed all the Avenues, which were ling the Countrymen to increaſe their
through deep narrow Lanes, that the Number, and who being firſt fright-
Horſe could do little Service.
ed, and weary, diſheartened their
When the Lieutenant-General was, Companions, that Place might have
with his Party, near the Town, he coſt more Blood.
coft more Blood. Ramſey the Gover.
apprehended a Fellow, who confeſſed nor was himſelf retired into the Church
upon Examination, That he was a Spy, with ſome Officers, and from thence
and ſent by the Governor to bring Intele did ſome Hurt ; upon this, there be-
ligence of their Strength and Motion. ing ſo many killed out of Windows,
When all Men thought, and the poor "Fire was put to the next Houſes, ſo
Fellow himſelf feared he ſhould be that a good Part of the Town was
executed, the Lieutenant-General burnt, and then the Soldiers entered,
cauſed his whole Party to be ranged doing leſs Execution than could rea-
in Order in the next convenient Place, fonably be expected; but what they
and bid the Fellow look well upon ſpared in Blood, they took in Pillage,
them, and obſerve them, and then the Soldiers enquiring little who were
bid him return to the Town, and tell Friends or Foes.
thoſe that ſent him, what he had This was the firit Garriſon taken on
ſeen ; and withal that he ſhould ac- either Side ; for Farnham Caſtle in
quaint the Magiftrates of the Town, Surry, whither ſome Gentlemen who
That they should do well to treat with were willing to appear for the King
the Garriſon, to give them Leave to had repaired, and were taken with leſs
ſubmit to the King ; that if they did ſo, Reſiſtance than was fir, by Sir Wil-
the Town Mould not receive the leaſt liam Waller, ſome few Days before,
Prejuiced ; but if they compellid him to deſerved not the Name of a Garriſon.
la
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
539
In this of Marlborough were taken, But before they could draw in Men
beſides the Governor, and other Of or Proviſions into the City, the Earl
ficers, who yielded upon Quarter, of Eſex ſent Sir William Waller with
above one thouſand Priſoners, great Horſe, Foot, and Cannon, to infeſt
Stores of Arms, four Pieces of Can- them ; who with the Aſſiſtance of the
non, and a good Quantity of Am- Country, quickly ſhut them up within
munition, with all which the Lieute- their Walls
. They within the Town
nant General returned ſafe to Oxford: were eaſily reduced to ſtreights they
Though this Succeſs was a little fha- could not contend with; for beſides
dow'd, by the unfortunate Loſs of a the Enemy without, againſt which the
very good Regiment of Horſe within Walls and the Weather ſeem'd of e-
a few Days after; for the Lord Gran. qual Power, and the ſmall ſtock of
diſon, by the Miſcarriage of Orders, Proviſions, which in ſo ſhort Time,
was expoſed, at too great a Diſtance they were able to draw thither, they
from the Army, with his fingle Regi- had cauſe to apprehend their Friends
ment of Horſe, conſiſting of three would be weary before their Enemies;
hundred, and a Regiment of two hun- and that the Citizens would not prove
dred Dragoons, to the unequal En- a truſty Part of the Garriſon ; and their
counter of a Party of the Enemy of Number of common Men was ſo
five thouſand Horſe and Dragoonsſmall, that the conſtant Duty was per-
and ſo was himſelf, after a Retreat form'd by the Officers and Gentlemen
made to Wincheſter, there taken with of Quality, who were abſolutely tird.
all his Party, which was the firſt Loſs out. : So that after a Week or ten
of that Kind the King ſuſtained, but Days Siege, they were compellid, upon
without the leaſt. Fault of the Com- no better Articles than Quarter, to
mander ; and the Misfortune was deliver that City, which could hardly
much leſſened by his making an Eſcape have been taken from them; by
himſelf with two or three of his prin- which (with the Loſs of Fifty or Three-
cipal Officers, who were very welcome ſcore Gentlemen of Quality, and Of-
to Oxford.
ficers of Name, whoſe very good Re-
About this Time ſome of the well- putation made the Lofs appear a Mat-
affected Gentry of Suſſex, upon the ter of abſolute, and anavoidable Ne-
Confidence of their Intereſt in thoſe ceſity) the King found that he was not
Parts, offered the King to raiſe Forces to venture to plant Garriſons ſo far
there'; and preſumed they ſhould be from his own Quarters, where he
able to ſeize ſome Place of Security and could not, in reaſonable Time, ad.
Importance for their Retreat, if the miniſter Succour or Supply.
Enemy ſhould attempt upon them, This Triumph of the Enemy was
which at that Time of the Year was ſhortly after abated, and the Loſs on
not conceived could be with any no- the King's Part repair'd, by the Win-
table Succeſs. And being arm’d with ning of Cirenceſter, a good Town in
ſuch Authority, and Commiſſions, as Glouceſterſhire, which the Rebels were
they deſired, and ſeconded with a fortifying, and had in it a very ſtrong
good Number of conſiderable Officers, Garriſon; and being upon the Edge of
their firſt Succeſs was anſwerable to Wiltſhire, Berkſhire, and Oxford-
their own Hopes, and they poffefs'd ſhire, ſhrewdly ſtreighten'd the King's
themſelves, partly by Force, and part- Quarters. The Marquis of Hertford
ly by Stratagem, of the City of Chic bringing with him, out of Wales,
cheſter, which, being encompaſs'd near two thouſand Foot, and one Re-
with a very good old Wall, was very giment ºf Horſe, intended with the
eaſy to be ſo fortified, that, with the Aſſiſtance of Prince Rupert, who ap-
Winter, they might well think them- pointed to join with him with fome.
ſelves ſecure againſt any forcible At- Regiments from Oxford, to take in
tempt could be made upon them. And that Town: But by the extreme Foul-
no Doubt they had been ſo, if the com- neſs of the Ways, the great Fall of
mon People of the County (out of Rain at that Time (being about Chriſt-
which the Soldiers were to riſe) had mas) and ſome Miſtake in Orders be
been ſo well affected as was believed. tween the two Generals, that deſign
WAS
240
Tlie Hiſtory of the Rebellion
was diſappointed: And the Alarm Minhead, that Sir Ralph Hopton, and
gave the Enemy ſo much the more the other Gentlemen, mentioned be-
Courage, and Diligence to provide for fore, with their ſmall Force, confift-
an Affault.
ing of about one hundred Horſe, and
In the beginning of February, Prince fifty Dragoons, retired into Cornwall,
Rupert went upon the ſame Deſign neglected by the Earl of Bedford, as
with better Succeſs; and at one and fit and eaſy to be ſurprized by the
the ſame Time, ſtorming the Town in Committees. And in Truth, the
ſeveral Places, their Works being not Committees were entirely poſſeſsid of
yer finiſh'd, though pertinaciouſly e- Devonſhire, and thought themſelves
nough defended, enter'd their Line equally ſure of Cornwall, ſave that the
with ſome Loſs of Men, and many Caſtle of Pendennis was in the Cuſtody
Hurt, but with a far greater of the of one they had no Hope of. They
Enemy; for there were not ſo few as were welcomed into Cornwall by Sir
two hundred kill'd upon the Place, Bevil Greenvil, who marched with
and above one thouſand taken Priſo- them towards the Weſt of the County,
ners, whereof Warneford and Fetty- as being beſt affected, where they
place (two Gentlemen of good Quality might have Leiſure to refreſh their
and Fortune near that Town, and very wearied and almoſt tired Horſe and
Active in the Service) Mr. George, a Men, and to call the well-diſpoſed
Member of Parliament who ſerv'd Gentry together, for which they choſe
for that Borough, and two or three Truro as the fitteſt Place, the Eaſt Part
Scotiſh Officers of the Field, whereof of the County being poſſeſs’d by Sir
Carr the Governour was one, were the Alexander Carew, and Sir Richard
Chief. The Town yielded much Buller, two Members of the Houſe of
Plunder; from which the undiſtin- Commons, and active Men for the
: guiſhing Soldier could not be kept, ſettling of the Militia. There was in
but was equally injurious to Friend and this County, as throughout the whole
Foe; ſo that many honeſt Men, who Kingdom, a wonderful and ſuperſti-
were impriſon'd by the Rebels for not tious Reverence towards the Name of
concurring with them, found them a Parliament, and a Prejudice towards
ſelves at Liberty and undone together: the Power of the Court, yet a full
amongſt whom John Plot, a Lawyer Submiſſion, and Love of the eſtabliſh-
of very good Reputation, was one; ed Government of Church and State,
who being freed from the hard, and eſpecially to that Part of the Church
barbarous Impriſonment in which he as concerned the Liturgy or Book of
had been kept, when he return'd to Common Prayer, which was a moſt
his own Houſe, found it full of Soldi- general Object of Veneration with the
ers, and twelve hundred Pounds in People. And the Jealouſy and Ap-
Money taken from thence, which prehenſion that the other Party'in-
could never be recover'd. The Prince tended to alter it, was a principal Ad-
left a ſtrong Garriſon there, that vancement of the King's Service, tho'
brought almoſt all that whole County the major, and moſt conſiderable Part
into Contribution, and was a great of the Gentry, and Men of Eſtates,
Enlargement to the King's Quarters, were heartily for the King, many of
which now, without Interruption, ex them being of the Houſe of Commons,
tended from Oxford to Worceſter ; that and ſo having feen and obſerved by
important City, with the other of what Spirit the Diſtemper was begot,
Hereford, and thoſe Counties, having and carried on; yet there were others
ſome Time before, been quitted by of Name, Fortune, and Reputation
the Rebels; the Earl of Stamford, with the People, very follicitous for
who was left in thoſe Parts by the Earl the Parliament, and more active than
of Eſſex, being call'd from thence, by the other. There was a third Sort
the growth of the King's Party in (for a Party they cannot be called)
Cornwal, to the ſecuring the Weſt. greater than either of the other, both
We remember'd before, when the of Fortune and Number, who, though
Marquis of Hertford tranſported him- they were ſatisfied in their Conſciences
ſelf and his few Foot into Wales from of the Juſtice of the King's Cauſe, had
yet
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
241
yet
ſo great a Dread of the Power of jeſty, to ſend down Aid to them who
the Parliament, that they ſat ſtill as were already mark'd out to Deſtruction ;
Neuters, affiſting neither. So that and that they thought it the Duty of e-
they who did boldly appear, and de- very good Subject, as well in Loyalty to
clare for the King, were compeli'd to the King, as in Gratitude to thoſe hou
proceed with all Warineſs, and Cir. nourable Gentlemen, to joyn with
cumſpection; by the known and well- them in any Hazerd of, Life and For-
underſtood Rules of the Law, and tune.
Juſtice ; and durft not oppoſe the
As this full Vindication was thus
moſt extravagant Act of the other gotten on the King's Part, ſo an In.
Side, but with all the Formality that dictment was preferr'd againſt Sir A-
was uſed in full Peace : Which muſt lexander Carei, Sir Richard Buller,
be an Anſwer to all thoſe Overſights, and the feſt of the Committee, for a
and Omiſſions, which Pofterity will Rout and unlawful Affembly at Laun..
be apt to impute to the King, in the ceſton ; and for Riots and Miſdemea-
Morning of chefe Diſtractions. nours committed againſt many of the
The Committee of the Parlianient, King's good Subjects, in taking their
who were entirely poffeſs'd of Devon- Liberties from them (for they had in-
faire, and believ'd themſelves Maſters tercepted, and apprehended divers
of Cornwal, drew their Forces of the Meſſengers, and others of the King's
Country to Launceſton, to be ſure that Party, and employd by them.) This
Sir Ralph Hopton, and his Adherents Indictment and Information was found
(whoſe Power they thought contemp- by the Grand Jury, and therefore, ac-
tible) might not eſcape out of their cording to a Statute in that Cafe pro-
Hands. This was before the Battle of vided, an Order of Seſſions was grant-
Edge-Hill, when the King was at low- ed to the High Sheriff, a Perſon well
eft, and when the Authority of the affected to the King's Service, to raiſe
Parliament found little Oppoſition in the Poſe Comitatus, for the diſperſing
The Quarter Seſſions that unlawful Afſembly at Launceſton,
came, where they cauſed a Preſent- and for the Apprehenfion of the Rio:-
ment to be drawn, in Form of Law, érs. This was the Riſe and Founda-
againſt divers Men unknown, who tion of all the great Service that was
were · lately come arın'd into that after perform’d in Cornwal, by which
Country contra pacem, &c. Though the whole Weſt was reduced to the
none were named, all underſtood who King. For, by this Means, there
were meant; and therefore Sir Ralph were immediately drawn together, a
Hopton, who very well underſtood Body of three thouſand Foot, well
thoſe Proceedings, voluntarily ap- Arm’d; which by no other Means
pear'd; took Notice of the Preſent- could have been done : With which
ment, and produced the Commiſſion Sir Ralph Hopton, whom they all wil-
granted by the King, under the Great lingly obey'd, advanced towards
Seal of England, to the Marquis of Launceſton, which the Committee had
Hertford, by which he was conſtituted fortified, and from thence had fent
General of the Weſt ; and a Com- Meſſages of great Contempt upon the
miſſion, from his Lordſhip, to Sir Proceedings of the Seſſions ; for be-
Ralph Hopton, of Lieutenant General fides their Confidence in their own
of the Horſe; and told thein, He was Corniſh Strength, they had a good
ſent to alift them, in the Defence of Body of Horſe to ſecond them upon
their Libertics, against all illegal Tax- all Occaſions, in the Confines of De-
es, and Impoſitions. Hereupon, after von.
a full and folemn Debate, the Jury, Sir George Chudleigh, a Gentleman
which conſiſted of Gentlemen of good of good Fortune, and Reputation in
Quality, and Fortunes in the County; that County, and very active for the
not only acquitted Sir Ralph Hopton, Militia, being then at Taviſtock, with
and all the other Gentlemen his Com- five or ſix full Troops of Herle, raiſ.
panions, of any Diſturbance of the ed in that County to go to their Ar-
Peace ; but declar'd, That it was a my, but detain'tiil Cornwel could
great Favour, and Juſtice of kis Ma- be ſettled ; upon the News of Sir
71
PPP
Ralph
any Place.
242 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Ralph Hopton's advancing, theſe drew Launceſton before. So that being now
to Litton, a Village in Devonſhire, entirely Maſters of Cornwal, they
but within three Miles of Launceſton. fairly diſmiſs'd thoſe who could not
Sir Ralpb Hopton march'd within two be kept long together, and retired
Miles of the Town, where he refreſh'd with their own handful of Horſe and
his Men, intending the next Morning Dragoons, till a new Provocation from
early, to fall on the Town : But Sir the Enemy ſhould put freſh Vigour
Richard Buller, and his Confederates, into that County.
not daring to abide the Storm, in In the mean Time, conſidering the
great Diſorder quitted the Town that Caſualty of thoſe Train'd-bands, and
Night, and drew into Devonſhire, and that Strength, which on a ſuddain
ſo towards Plymouth; ſo that in the could be raiſed, by the Pelle Comitatus,
Morning Sir Ralph Hopton found the which though it made a gallant ſhew
Gates of Launceſton open, and enter'd in Cornwal, they eaſily ſaw would be
without Reſiſtance. As the Submiſſion of no uſe towards the quenching the
to, and Reverence of, the known General Rebellion aver England, they
practiſed Laws had, by the Sheriff's enter'd upon Thoughts of raiſing
Authority, raiſed this Army within voluntary Regiments of Foot; which
very
few Days, ſo the extreme Super- could be only done by the Gentlemen
ſtition to it, as ſoon diſſolvd it. For of that Country among their Neigh-
when all the Perſons of Honour, and bours, and Tenants, who depended
Quality, who well knew the defperate on them. Sir Bevil Greenvil, Sir
form'd Deſigns of the other Party, Nicholas Slanning, the gallant Go-
earneſtly preſs’d the purſuing the dif- vernor of Pendennis Caſtle, John
heartend and diſmay'd Rebels into Arundel, and John Trevannion, two
Devon, by which they ſhould quickly young Men of excellent Hopes, and
increaſe their Numbers, by joyning Heirs to great Fortunes in that Coun-
with the well affected in that large and try (all four of them Members of the
populous County, who were yet aw'd Houſe of Commons, and ſo better in-
into Silence : It was powerfully ob- form’d, and acquainted with the
jected, That the Sheriff, by whoſe legal deſperate Humours of the adverſe
Authority that Force was drawn toge- Party) undertook the raiſing Regi-
ther, might not lawfully march out of ments of Voluntiers ; many young
his own County, and that it was the Gentlemen, of the moſt conſiderable
principal Privilege of the Train’d. Familes of the County, affifting them
Bands, that they might not be compelld as inferior Officers. So that, within a
to march farther than the Limits of ſhorter Time than could be expected,
their Sheriff
from one ſingle County, there was a
How grievous and inconvenient fo- Body of Foot, of near fifteen hundred
ever this Doctrine was diſcern'd to be, raiſed, arm’d, and well diſciplin'd for
yet no Man durſt preſume ſo far upon Action. But there was then an Acci-
the Temper of that People, as to ob- dent, that might have diſcompoſed a
ject Policy, or Neceffity to the No. People which had not been very well
tions of Law.
And therefore, con- prepar'd to perform their Duties.
cealing, as much as was poffible, the The Lord Mohun (who had depart-
true Reaſons, they pretended their noted from York from the King with all
following the Enemy proceeded from Profeſſions of Zeal, and Activity in
Apprehenſion of their Strength, by his Service) had, from the Time of
their joyning with Sir George Chud- the firſt Motion in Cornwal, forborn
leigh, and of Want of Ammunition to join himſelf to the King's Party ;
(either of which were not unreaſonable) ſtaying at home at his own Houſe,
and ſo march'd to Saltaſh, a Town and imparting himſelf equally to all
in Cornwal upon an Arm of the Sea; Men of ſeveral Conſtitutions, as if he
which only divided it from Plymouth, had not been yet ſufficiently informed
and Devon, where was a Garriſon of which Party to adhere to. But after
two hundred Scots; who, upon the all the adverſe Party was driven out of
Approach of Sir Ralph Hopton, as Cornwal, and the Fame of the King's
kindly quit Saltafh, as the others had marching in the Head of an Army,
and
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 243
and having fought the Battle at Edge- gracious in his owu Country) and this
bill, without acquainting any Bodyby his own Sollicitation, and Inter-
with his Intention, he took a journey poſition, gave them fome Indigna-
towards London, at the Time when tion. However their publick hearted
the King marched that Way, and pre-. neſs, and joynt Concernment in the
ſented himſelf to his Majeſty at Brent- good Cauſe, ſo totally ſuppreſſed all
ford, as ſent from Sir Ralph Hopton, Animoſities, and indeed Indiſpoſitions,
and the reſt of thoſe Gentlemen'engaged that a greater Concurrence could not
in Cornwal; though many Men be- be deſired, in whatſoever could con-
lieved that his purpoſe was, in Truth, tibute to the Work in hand; ſo that
for London, if he had not then found they not only preſerved Cornwat
the King's Condition better than it entire, but made bold Incurſions into
was generally believed. Upon his Devon, even to the Walls of Plymouth ,
Lordſhip's Information of the State of and Exeter ; though the Seaſon of the
thoſe weſtern Parts, and upon a Sup- Year, being the deep Winter, and
poſition that he ſpake the Senſe; and the want of Ammunition, foon forced
Deſires of thoſe from whom he pre- them to retire into Cornwal.
tended to come, the King granted a The Reputation of their being Ma-
Commiſſion jointly to his Lordſhip, ſters of that one County, and the Ap-
Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir John Berkley, prehenſion of what they might be
and Colonel Aſhburnham, to govern ſhortly able to do, made the Parlia-
thoſe Forces, in the Abſence of the ment think it time to take more Care
Lord Marquis of Hertford; with for their Suppreſſion. And therefore
which he return'd into Cornwal, and they ſent their whole Forces out of
immediately raiſed a Regiment of Foot, Dorſet and Somerſet, to joyn with thoſe
behaving himſelf
. as actively, and be- of Devon, to make an entire conqueſt
ing every Way as forward, in the of Cornwal. With theſe, Ruthen (a
advancing the great Buſinefs, as any Scotch-man, the Governor of Plymouth)
Man : So that Men imputed his fore advanced into Cornwal, by a Bridge
mer Reſervędneſs, only to his not be- over the Tamar, fix Miles above Salta
ing fatisfied in a Condition of Com- alle (where he had before endeavoured
mand.
to force his Paſſage by. Water, but
On the other Side, they who were had been beaten off with loſs) having
concerned in that Alteration, were maſter'd the Guard there; the Earl .
not at all well contented. For be- of Stamford following him, two or
fore, theſe Gentlemen of Cornwal, three Days march behind, with a new
upon whoſe Intereſt and Activity the Supply of Horſe and Faot; albeit
Work depended, had, with great thoſe the Scoth-man had with him,
**Readineſs, complied with the other, were much ſuperior to thoſe of the
both out of great Value of their Per- King's ; which, upon this ſuddain In-
fons, with whom they had good Fa. vafion were forced to retire with their
miliarity, and Friendſhip, and in re whole Strength to Bodmin; whither,
ſpect of their Authority, and Com foreſeeing this Storm ſome few Day?
miffions, with which they came qualia before it came, they had again ſum-
fied in that County: for, as was re-
mon'd the Polle Comitatus, which ap-
meinber'd before, Sir Ralph Hopton pear'd in conſiderable Numbers.
had a Commiſſion from the Marquis They had ſcarce refreſhed themſelves
of Hertford, to be Lieutenant General there, and put their Men in Order,
of the Horſe, Sir John Berkley, to when Ruthen, with his Horſe, Foot,
be Commiſſary General, and Colonel and Cannon, was advanced to Liſkard,
Apburnham to be Major-General of within ſeven miles of Bodmin ; from
the Foot; ſo that there was no diſpute whence they moved towards the Ene-
of Commands. But now, the Lord my with all Alacrity, knowing how
Mohun's coming into an equal Com- neceſſary it was for them to fight bę-
mand with any, and ſuperior to thoſe fore the Earl of Stamford, 'who was at
who thought their Reputatio and In- that Time come, to Launceſton with a
tereſt to be ſuperior to his (for he ſtrong Party of Horſe and Foot,
had not the good Fortune to be very · ſhould be able to joyn with the Rebels.
And
244
The Hiſtory of the Rebellione
And as this Conſideration was of Im- preſs’d by ſome fiercer Officer, to ful.
portance to haften the one, ſo it pre- low the Execution, have antwer'd,
vail'd with the other Pariy too; for They could not find in their Hearts
Ruthen, apprehending that his Victory, to burt Men who had nothing in their
of which he made no Queſtion, Hands.
would be clouded by the Prelence of In this Battle, without the loſs of
the Earl of Stamford, who had the an Officer of Name, and very few'
chief Command, reſolv'd to diſpatch Common Men, 'they took twelve
the Buſineſs before he came. And ſo hundred and fifty Priſoners, moſt of
Sir Ralph Hopton was no ſooner known their Colours, all their Cannon, being
to be drawing towards him, but four Braſs Guns, (whereof two were
Ruthen likewiſe drew out his Forces, twelve Pounders) and one iron Saker,
and chooſing his Ground upon the Eaſt. all their Ammunition, and moſt of
ſide of Bradock-Down near Liſkard, their Arms. Ruthen himſelf, and
ſtood in Battalia to expect the Enemy; thoſe who could keep Pace with him,
Sir Ralph Hopton, having likewiſe put fled to Saltaſh; which he thought to
his Men in Order, cauſed publick fortify, and by the Neighbourhood of
Prayers to be faid, in the Head of Plymouth, and Alliſtance of the Ship-
every Squadron (which the Rebels ob- ping, to defend ; and thereby ſtill to
ferving, told their Fellows, they were have an Influence upon a good Part of
at Maſs, to ſtir up their Courages in Cornwal. The Earl of Stamford, re-
the cauſe of Religion) and having ceiving quick Advertiſement of this
winged his Foot with his Horſe and Defeat, in great Diſorder retired to
Dragoons, he advanced within Muf- Taviſtock, to preſerve the utmoſt Parts
quet-ſhot of the Enemy, who ſtood. of Devon from Incurſions. Hereupon,
without any Motion. Then perceive after a ſolemn Thankſgiving to God
ing that their Cannon were not yet for this great Victory (which was a-
come up from the Town, he cauſed bout the middle of January) and a
two ſmall iron Minion Drakes (all the little refreſhing their Men at Likard,
Artillery they had) to be drawn, under the King's Forces divided themſelves;
the Cover of little Parties of Horſe, to Sir John Berkly, and Colonel Aſhburn-
a convenient Diſtance from the Body bam, with Sir Bevil Greenvil, Sir Ni-
of the Enemies; and after two ſhots cholas Slanning's, and Colonel Trevan-
of thoſe Drakes (which being not dif- nion's voluntary Regiments, and ſuch
čern'd, and doing ſome Execution, a Party of Horſe and Dragoons as
ſtruck a greater Terror into them) ad- could be ſpared, advanced to Tavi-
vanced with his Body upon them; ſtock to viſit the Earl of Stamford ;
and, .with very eaſy Contention, beat the Lord Mobun, and Sir Ralph Hop-
them off their Ground; they having ton, with the Lord Mohun's, and Co.
lin'] the Hedges behind them with their lonel Godolphin's voluntary Regiments,
Reſerve, by which they thought fe- and ſome of the Train'd-Bands,
curely to make their Retreat into the march'd towards Salteſh, to diſlodge
Town. But the Corniſh fo briſkly be- Ruthen ; who, within three Days (for
ftirr'd themſelves, and preſs’d them there was no more between his Defeat
ſo hard on every Side, being indeed at Bradock-Down, and his Viſitation
excellent at Hedge-work, and that at Saltah) had caft up ſuch Works,
kind of Fight, that they quickly won' and planted ſuch Store of Cannon up-
that Ground too, and put their whole on the narrow Avenues, that he
Army in a rout, and had the full thought himſelf able, with the Help
Execution of them as far as they would of a goodly Ship of four hundred
purſue. But after that Advantage, Tuns, in which were fixteen Pieces of
they were always more ſparing than is Cannon, which he had brought up
uſually known in Civil Wars, Thed- the River to the very Side of the
ding very little Blood after Reſiſtance Town, to defend that Place againſt
was given over, and having a very no any Strength was like to be brought
ble and chriſtian Senſe of the Lives againſt him. But he quickly found
of their Brethren: inſomuch as the that the ſame Spirit poffeſs’d his Ene-
Common Men (when they have been mies that drove him from Lifkard,
and
in .
245
the Reign of King CHARLES Í.
and the famie that poſſeſs'd his own thought not fit to take Command in å
Men when they fled from thence; for Profeſſion he had not willingly choſen;
as ſoon as the Corniſh came up, they yet as his:Advice was of great Autho-
fell
upon
his Works, and in a ſhort rity with all the Commanders, being
Time beat him out of them and always one in the Council of War,
then out of the Town with a good and whoſe notable Abilities they had
Execution upon them; many being ſtill uſe of in their Civil Tranſactions,
killed in the Fight, and more ſo he expoſed his Perſon to all Action,
drown'd: Ruthven himſelf hardly Travel, and Hazard ; and by too
getting into a Boat, by which he got forward engaging himſelf in this laſt,
into Plymouth, leaving all his Ordnance received a mortal Shot by a Muſquet,
behind him, which together with the a little above the Knee, of which he
Ship, and ſevenſcore Priſoners, and died in the Inſtant ; leaving the Miſ-
all their Colours, which had been fortune of his Death upon a Place,
ſaved at Liſkard, were taken by the which could never otherwiſe have had
Conquerors, who were now again a mention to the World:
entire Maſters of Cornwal.
After this, which håppen'd about
The Earl of Stamford had not the the End of January, in reſpect of the
fame Pacience to abide the other Seaſon of the Year, and the want of
Party at Taviſtock; but, before their Ammunition, finding that they could.
Approach, quitted the Town; ſome make no Impreſſion upon the Strong-
of his Forces making haſte into Ply- holds of the Enemý,, they retird,
mouth, and the reſt retiring into with their whole Forces, to Taviſtock ;
Exeter. And fo;
And ſo, though the old where they refreſhed, and reſted thêm-
Superſtition, of not going out of the ſelves many Days, being willing to
County, again diſbanded the Train'd- eaſe their faſt Friends of Cornwal as
bands, the Corniſh, with all their much as was poſſible from the Trou-
Voluntary Forces; drew into Devon; ble and Charge of their little Army:
and fixed Quarters within leſs than a The Difficulties they were entangled.
Mile of Plymouth, and kept Guards with; 'were very prodigious ;. of which
even within Muſquet ſhot of their one was, that the other parts of the
Line. Sir John Berkley in the mean Weſt were ſo entirely poffefs'd by the
Time with a good Party of Horſe Enemy, that they could have no Cor-
and Dragoons, with great Diligence reſpondencé, or receive any Intelli-
and Gallantry, viſiting all Places in gence from the King, not one Mef-
Devon, where their People were ga- ſenger in ten arriving at his Journey's
thered together, and diſſolving them, End. Then though the Juſtice, and
took many Priſoners of Name; and Piety of the Cauſe, added much
ſo kept Chudleigh, the Major General Power to particular Perſons in raiſing
of the Parliament Forces, from raiſing an Army; yet the Money that was
a Body there, which he induſtriouſly raiſed for the Maintenance, and Pay-
intended.
ment of that Army; was entirely upon
In thoſe neceſſary and briſk Expe- Reputation, Credit; and Intereſt, of
ditions in falling upon Chagford (a lit- particular Men: and how long that
ile Town in the South of Devon) be- Spring would ſupply thoſe Streams,
fore Day, the King loft Sidney Go- the moſt fanguine among them could
dolphin, a young Gentleman of in-
not preſume; but the want of Am-
comparable Parts; who, being of a mution trouble i them moſt of all
Conſtitution and Education more de- they had yet-none but what had been
licate, and unacquainted with Con- taken out of the low Store of Pen-
tentions, upon his Obſervation of the dennis Caſtle, and what they had won
Wickedneſs of thoſe Men in the from the Enemy; the firſt wanted a
Houſe of Commons, of which he was Supply for it's own Proviſion, but
a Member, out of the pure Indigna- which Way to procure that Supply
tion of his Soul againſt them, and they could not imagine; and the Fear,
Conſcience to his Country, had, with and Apprehenſion of ſuch ſtreights,
the firſt, engaged himſelf with that againſt which no probable hopes oc-
Party in the Weſt: and though he R99
cur,
73
246
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
cur, is more grievous and inſupporta- putes, and the Party which prevailed
ble, than any preſent want.
in that, would find a general Submiſ-
In this Inſtant, as if ſent by Provi- fion throughout the Kingdom. And
dence, they met with an Opportunity truly, I believe, there was ſcarce one
they had ſcarce Courage to hope for: Concluſion, that hath contributed
Captain Carteret, the Controler of the more to the continuance and length of
King's Navy, having in the Begin- the War, than that generally receiv'd
ning of the Troubles, after he had Opinion in the Beginning, that it
refuſed to have Command in their would be quickly at an End. Hereupon,
Fleets, without Noiſe withdrawn him there being but one viſible Difference
ſelf, and his Family out of England like to beget Diſtractions in the Coun-
to Jerſey, and being there impatient try, which was about the Militia, the
of being quiet, whilſt his Maſter was King appointing it to be governd,
in the Field, tranſported himſelf into and diſpoſed by the Commiſſion of
Cornwal with a Purpoſe to raiſe a Array, and the Parliament by their
Troop of Horſe, and to engage in Ordinance: for the compoſing where-
that Service: when he came thither, of, the Gentlemen of the ſeveral
he was unanimouſly importun’d by the Opinions, propoſed between them-
Commanders, aftet they had acquaint- felves, that neither the one, nor the
ed him with their hopeleſs and deſpe- other ſhould be meddled with; but
rate want of Powder, to aſſiſt them in that all ſhould be contented to fit
that Männer, that the many good ſtill, without engagement to either
Ports in their Power, might be made Party: This ſeemed very reaſonable to
of ſome uſe to them in the ſupply of the Parliament Party there, who were
Powder : Whereupon he ſhortly re rather carried away with an implicite
turned into Frances and firſt upon Reverence to the very Name of a Par-
his own Credit, and then upon return (the fatal Diſeaſe of the whole King-
of ſuch Commodities out of Cornwal dom at that Time) than really tranſ-
as they could well ſpare, he ſupplied ported with the Paſſion and Deſign of
them with ſuch great Proportions of the furious Part of it ; and who plain-
all kinds of Ammunition, that they ly diſcern'd, that, by much the greater
never found want after.
eſt Part of the Perſons of Honour,
When the King left Yorkſhire, he ap- Quality, and Intereſt in the County,
pointed Sir Thomas Glemham, at the would cordially oppoſe their Proceed-
Deſire of the Gentlemen of that ings: For, beſides the Lord Fairfax,
County, as was before remember'd, there were in Truth few of good Re-
to ſtay in York, to Order and Com- putation, and Fortune, who run that
mand thoſe Forces, which they ſhould Way. On the other Hand, the
find neceffary to raiſe, to defend them. King's Party thought their Work done
ſelves from the Excurſions of Hull, by it; for they having already ſent
whence young Hotham infeſted the
two good Regiments of Foot, the one
Country more than his Father ; who under Colonel Jobn Belloſis, younger
· was willing enough to ſit ſtill in his Son to the Lord Viſcount Falconbridge,
Garriſon, where he believed he could and the other under Sir William
make Advantage upon the Succeſs of Pennyman, and two Regiments of
either Party; and they who were moſt Dragoons, the one under Colonel Dun-
inclined to the Parliament (whereof comb, the other, Colonel Gowre; beſides
the Lord Fairfax, and his Son were three or four good Troops of Horſe ;
the Chief) from whom the King was and the King being at that diſtance,
ſo far from expecting any notable that they could not ſend him farther
miſchief, that he left them all at their ſupply, they thought they had no-
own Houſes, when he went from thing to do, but to keep the Country
thence; and might, if he had thought in ſuch a Peace, that it might do the
it requiſite, have carried them away King no harm by ſending Men to the
Priſoners with him, were rather de- Earl of Eſſex, or adhering to the Gar-
ſirous to look on, than engage them- riſon of Hull; and concluding, as the
ſelves in the War; preſuming that other did, that the Deciſion between
one Battle would determine all dif. the King and Parliament would be at
the
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
247
1
the firſt Encounter. Upon theſe De- there for the King. So that, if Sir
liberations, Articles were folemnly John Hotham's Warineſs had not kept
drawn up, conſented to, and ſub- him from being active, and his Pride
ſcribed by the Lord Fairfax, and and Contempt of the Lord Fairfax,
Harry Bellaſis, the Heir Apparent of upon whom the Country chiefly de-
the Lord Falconbridge, who were the pended, hinder'd him from feconding,
two Knights, who ſerv'd in Parlia- and aſſiſting his Lordſhip; or if any
ment for Yorkſhire, nearly ally'd toge- Man had had the entire Command of
ther, and of great Kindneſs till their thoſe Parts, and Forces, to have uni-
ſeveral Opinions and Affections had ted them, the Prrliament had, with
divided them in this Quarrel': The very little Reſiſtance, been abſolute
former adhering to the Parliament, Maſters of all Yorkſhire; and, as eaſily,
the latter, with great Courage and of the City itſelf. But their Want of
Sobriety, to the King.
Union in Particulars, though they
With them, the principal Perſons agreed too well in the Main, gave
of either Party ſubſcribed the Articles, the King's Party time to breathe, and
and gave their mutual Faiths to each to look about for their Preſervation.
other, that they would obſerve them; Thereupon, they ſent to the Earl of
being indeed no other than an En- Newcaſtle for Aſſiſtance ; offering,
gagement of Neutrality, and to aſſiſt If he would march into Yorkſhire,
neither Party : But the Parliament they would joyn with him, and be en-
no ſooner was inform’d of this Tranſ- tirely commanded by him: the Earl of
action, but they order'd, That no ſuch Cumberland willingly offering to wave
Neutrality ſhould be obſerv’d.
any Title to Command.
Upon this Declaration, not only It was before remember'd, that
young Hotham fell to the Practice of when the King left York, he had ſent
Acts of Hoftility, with all Licence, qut the Earl of Newcaſtle, as a Perſon of
of the Garriſon at Hull, but the Lord great Honour and Intereſt in thoſe
Fairfax himſelf, and all the Gentle- Parts, to be Governour of Newcaſtle ;
men of that Party, who had, with and ſo to fecute that Port, that the Par-
that Proteftation, ſign'd the Articles, liament might neither ſeize it, nor the
inſtead of reſenting the Reproach to Scots be brib'd by it to come to the
themſelves, tamely ſubmitted to thoſe Aſliſtance of their Brethren. Which
unreaſonable Concluſions : And con Commiſſion from the King, his Lord-
trary to their ſolemn Promiſe and En- ſhip no ſooner executed, without the
gagement, prepar'd themſelves to leaſt Hoſtility (for that Town receiv'd
bear a Part in the War, and made all him with all poſſible Acknowledg-
Haſte to levy Men; and young Ho- ments of the King's Goodneſs in fend-
than, on all Occaſions, was ready to ing him) but he was impeach'd by the
ſecond them with his Troop of Horſe, Houſe of Commons of High Treaſon.
and to take up any well affected Per- From his going thither, which was in
ſon who was ſuſpected to be Loyal; Auguſt, till toward the End of No-
which drove all reſolv'd Men from vember, the Earl ſpent his Time in
their Houſes into York, where they diſpoſing the People of Northumber-
only could be ſafe. The other could land, and the Biſhoprick of Durham,
have what Men more they deſir'd to the King's Service, and to a right
from London, and both ready Money Underſtanding of the Matters in Dif-
from thence to Hull, and Ordinances ference ; in the Fortifying Newcaſtle,
to raiſe what they would in the Coun- and the River ; whereby that Har-
ty to pay them. Leeds, Hallifax, and bour might only be in the King's O.
Bradford, three very populous, and bedience; in raiſing a Garriſon for
rich Towns, were wholly at their that Place, providing Arms for the
Diſpoſition. Their Neighbours in farther Advance of the King's Service.
Lincolnſhire were in a Body to ſecond Then he provided for the Alliſtance of
them, and Sir John Gell was on the his Friends in Yorkſhire, whoſe Con-
ſame Behalf poffefs'd of Derby, and dition grew every Day more deſperate.
all that County; there being none that for the Parliament, finding the In-
had the Hardineſs yet, to declare conveniencies of having no Command-
er
2:43
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
cr in Chief in thoſe Parts, had cauſed the Lord Fairfax kept Selby, and Ca.
their Generaliſimo, the Earl of Eſex, wood, both within ſmall Diftance from
to ſend a Commiſſion to the Lord York, the Earl was abſolute Maſter of
Fairfax, to command all the For- . the Field. And now the North yield-
ces of Yorkſhire, and the adjacent ing ſecure Footing for thoſe who had
Counties, in Chief; by which, in leſs been unreaſonably perſecuted for their
Time than could be reaſonably ima- Obedience to the King, the Queen
gin'd, he was able to draw together herſelf thought of returning into Eng-
an Army of five or ſix thouſand Horſe land.
and Foot; ſo that York muſt preſent Her Majeſty had, from her firſt
ly have been ſwallow'd up.
going into Holland, dexterouſly en-
Bụt, in the Beginning of December, deavour'd to advance the King's In-
the Earl of Newcaſtle march'd to their tereſt, and ſent very great Quantities of
Relief; and having left a good Gar- Arms and Ammunition to Newr aſtle
riſon in Newcaſtle, and fix'd ſuch (though; by the Vigilance of the Par-
ſmall Garriſons in his Way, as might liament Agents in thofe Parts, and the
ſecure his Communication with that Power of their Ships, too much of it
Port, to which all his Ammunition was intercepted) with ſome confidera-
was to be brought; with a Body of ble Sums of Money, and good Store
near three thouſand Foot, and fix or of Officers; who, by the Connivance
ſeven hundred Horſe and Dragoons, of the Prince of Orange, came over to
without any Encounter with the Ene- ſerve their own King. And from this
nemy, though they had threatend extraordinary Care of her Majeſty's,
loud, he enter'd York; having leffend and her known Grace and Favour tó
the Enemies Strength, without Blood, the Perſon of the Earl of Newcaſtle,
both in Territories and Men. For, as who ſhe well knew had contracted
ſoon as he enter'd Yorkſhire, two Regi- many Enemies by the Eminency of
ments raiſed in Richmondſhire, and his Devotion to the King, that Army
Cleveland, diffolv’d of themſelves ; was by the Parliament ftyld the
having it yet in their Choice to dwell Queen's Army, and the Catholick Ar-
at Home, or to leave their Houſes to my, thereby to expoſe her Majeſty the
new Comers:
The Earl being now more to the rude Malice of the Peo-
Maſter of the North as far as York, ple, and the Army to their Prejudice;
thought rather of forming an Army, perſwading them, That it conſiſted of
and providing Money to pay it, than none but profeſs'd Papiſts, who intend-
of making any farther Progreſs in the ed nothing but the Extirpation of the
Winter ;. and therefore ſuffer'd the Proteſtants, and eſtabliſhing their own
Lord Fairfax to enjoy the Southern Profeſſion.
Part of that large rich County, till the About the middle of February, the
Spring, and the Improvement of his Queen took Shipping from Holland,
Condition, ſhould enable him to ad- in a States-Man of War, affign'd by
vance : Yet few Days paſs’d without the Prince of Orange with others for
Blows, in which the Parliament For- her Convoy, and arriv'd ſafely in Bur-
ces had uſually the worſt.
lington-Bay, upon the Coaſt of York-
Shortly after the Earl's coming to ſhire; where ſhe had the Patience to
York, General King repair'd to him, ſtay on Ship-board at Anchor, the
whom he made Lieutenant General of Space of two Days, till the Earl had
his Army; who, notwithſtanding the Notice, to draw ſuch a Part of his
unavoidable Prejudice, in that Con- Forces that Way, as might ſecure her
juncture, of his being a Scotch-Man, Landing, and wait on her to York;
order'd the Foot with great Wiſdom which he no ſooner did (and he did
and Dcxterity : The Charge of the it with all imaginable Expedition) but
Horſe being at the ſame Time com her Majeſty came on Shore ; and for-
mitted to Colonel Goring ; who, by the preſent, was pleaſed to refreſh her-
the Queen's Favour, notwithſtanding ſelf in a convenient Houſe upon the
all former Failings, was recommended very Key, where all Accommodations
to that Province, and quickly apply'd were made for her Reception ; there
himſelf to Action : So that though being many Things of Moment to be
un ſhipp'!
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
249
unſhipp'd before ſhe could reaſonably the Command and Government wherea
enter upon her Journey towards York. of, was again by the Earl committed,
The ſecond Day after the Queen's to him ; which he diſcharg'd with
Landing, Batten, Vice-Admiral to Courage, and ſingular Fidelicy. By
the Earl of Warwick (who had waited this Means, and thoſe Succeſſes, the
to intercept her Paffage) with four of Lord Fairfax quitted Selby, Cawood,
the King's Ships, , arriv'd in Burling- and Tadcaſter, and retired to Pomfret,
ton Road; and, finding that her Ma- and Hallifax, whereby the Earl was,
jeſty was landed, and that ſhe lodged upon the Matter, poffefs'd of that
upon the Key, bringing his Ships to whole large County, and ſo able to
the neareſt Diſtance, being very early help his Neighbours. This was the
in the Morning, diſcharg'd above a State of that part of the North which
hundred Cannon (whereof many were was under the Earl of Newcaſtle's Com-
laden with Croſs-bar-ſhot) for the mifſion.
Space of two Hours upon the Houſe The City of Cheſter was firm to the
where her Majeſty was lodged; where- King, by the Virtue of the Inhabitants;
upon ſhe was forced out of her Bed; and Intereſt of the Biſhop, and Cathe-
ſome of the Shot making Way through dral Men; but eſpecially by the Re-
her own Chamber; and to ſhelter her- putation, and Dexterity of Mr. 0.
ſelf under a Bank in the open Fields; Bridgman, Son to the Biſhop, and a
which barbarous and treaſonable Act Lawyer of very good Eſtimation ;
was ſo much the more odious, in that who not only inform’d thein of their
the Parliament never ſo far took No-Duty, and encouraged them in its
tice of it, as to diſavow it. So that but upon his Credit and Eſtate, both
many believ'd it was very pleaſing to, which were very good, ſupplied them
if not commanded by Them; and with whatſoever was neceſſary for
that if the Ships had encounter'd at their Defence; ſo that they were not
Sea, they would have left no Hazard put to be Honeſt and Expenſive toge-
unrun to have deſtroy?d her Majeſty. ther. But as they had no Garriſon of
The Queen ſhortly after remov'd to Soldiers, ſo they had no Officer of
York, and the King's Affairs proſper'd Skill and Experience to manage, and
to that Degree, that, as the Earl of direct that Courage which, at leaſt,
Newcaſtle had before fixed a Garriſon was willing to defend their own Walls,
at Newark in Nottinghamſhire, which which they were now like to be put
kept the Forces of Lincoln from joyn- to. Therefore the King fent thither
ing entirely with the Lord Fairfax; Sir Nicholas Byron, a Soldier of very
and had with great Courage beaten off good Command, with a Commiſſion
a form'd Body of the Rebels who at to be Colonel-General of Cheſhire,
tempted it; ſo he now ſent Charles Ca. and Shropſhire, and to be Governor of
vendiſh, the younger Brother of the Cheſter ; who being a Perſon of great
Earl of Devonſhire, with a Party of Affability, and Dexterity, as well as
Horſe and Dragoons, into Lincoln- Martial Knowledge, gave great Life
ſhire; where, about the middle of to the Deſigns of the well affected
March, he aſſaulted Granthem, a new
there; and, with the Encouragement
Garriſon of the Rebels; which he of ſome Gentlemen of North Wales,
took, and in it above three hundred in a ſhort Time raiſed ſuch a Power of
Priſoners, with all their Officers, Horſe and Foot, as made often Skir-
Arms, and Ammunition :
miſhes with the Enemy; ſometimes
bout the ſame Time, Sir Hugh Cheln with notable Advantage, never with
mondley, who had done very notable any ſignal Lofs. Sir William Bruer.
Service to the Parliament, and oftner ton fortify'd Nantwich, as the King's
defeated the Earl of Newcaſtle's Party did Chifter; from which Garri-
Troops, thin any Officer of thoſe ſons, containing both their Forces,
Parts, very frankly revolted to his they contended which ſhould moſt pre-
Allegiance; and waiting on her Ma. vail upon, that is, moſt ſubdue the
jeſty for her Afſurance of his Pardon, Affections of the County, to declare
deliver'd up the Caſtle of Scarborough, for, and joyn with them. But the
a Place of Importance, to the King; fair Expectation of Cheſhire was cloud-
74
Rr'r
ed
And a-
250
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ed by the Storms that aroſe in Lan. Lancaſhire ſtill to his Lordſhip’s Care
caſhire, where Men of no Name, and (whoſe Fidelity, without doubt, was
contemn'd Intereſt, by the meer Cre- blameleſs, whatever his Skill was) he
dit of the Parliament, and Frenzy of ſent the Lord Capel to Shrewſbury,
the People, on a ſudden ſnatch'd that with a Commiſſion of Lieutenant Ge-
large and populous County, from neral of Shrophire, Cheſhire, and
their Devotion to the Earl of Derby. North Wales ; who, being a Perſon
The Town of Mancheſter had, of great Fortune, and Honour, quick-
from the beginning, oppoſed the ly ingaged thoſe Parts in a chearful
King, and declar'd magiſterially for Aſſociation ; and raiſed à Body of
the Parliament. But as a great Part Horſe and Foots that gave Sir Wil-
of the County conſiſted of Papiſts, of liam Bruerton ſo much Trouble at
whoſe Inſurrections they had made Nantwich, that the Garriſon at Cheſter
fuch Uſe in the Beginning of the Par- had Breath to inlarge its Quarters, and
liament, when they had a Mind to to provide for its own Security.
Alarm the People with Dangers ; ſo Though, by this ſending the Lord
it was confidently believ'd, that there Capel, thoſe Countres of Shropſhire
was not one Man of ten throughout and Cheſhire, with the Aſiſtance of
that County, who meant not to be North Wales, kept thoſe parts fo near
Dutiful, and Loyal to the King: their Obedience, that their Diſobe-
Yet the reſtleſs Spirit of the Seditious dince was not pernicious to the King,
Party was ſo ſedulous, and induſtrious, in fending Aliſtance to the Earl of
and every one of the Party ſo ready to Eſex againſt his Majeſty, or to the
be engaged, and punctually to obey; Lord Fairfax againſt the Earl of New-
and, on the other hand, the Earl of Caſtle ; yet thoſe Counties which lay
Derby fo unactive, and ſo uncomply. in the line between Oxford and
ing with thoſe who were fuller of A. York, were, upon the Matter, entire
lacrity, and would have proceeded ly poffefs'd by the Enemy. The Gar-
more vigorouſly againſt the Enemy; riſon of Northampton kept that whole
or, through Want of Experience fo County in Obedience to the Parlia-
irreſolute, that inſtead of countenanc. ment, ſave, that from Banbury the ad-
ing the King's Party in Cheſhire, whích · jacent Parts were forced to bring ſome
was expected from him, the Earl in- Contribution thither. In Warwick
ſenſibly found Lancaſhire to be al- jhire the King had no footing; the
moſt poffefs'd againſt him : The Re- Caſtle of Warwick, the City of Coven-
bels, every Day, gaining, and forti. try, and his own Caſtle of Killingworth,
fying all the ſtrong Towns, and fur- being fortified againſt him. The
prizing his Troops without any confi. Lord Grey, Son to the Earl of Stom-
derable Encounter. And yet, ſo hard ford had the Command of Leiceſter-
was the King's Condition, that though ſhire; and had put a Garriſon into
he knew thoſe great Misfortunes pro- Leiceſter. Derbyſhire, without any
ceeded from Want of Conduct, and viſible, Party in it for the King, was
of a vigorous and expert Commander, under the Power of Sir John Gell, who
he thought it not ſafe to make any had fortified Derby. And all theſe
Alteration, left that Earl might be Counties, with Stafford-ſhire, were
provoked, out of Diſdain to have a united in an Affociation againſt the
any Superior in Lancaſhire, to mani- King, under the Command of the
feft how much he could do againſt Lord Brook ; a Man cordially dif-
him, though it appear'd he could do affected to the Government of the
little for him. Yet it was eaſily dif- Church, and upon whom that Party
cern'd, that his Antient Power there had a great Dependance. This Al-
depended more upon the Fear, than fociation receivid no other Inter-
Love of the People; there being very ruption from, or for the King, than
many, now in this Time of Liberty, what Colonel Haſtings gave; who,
engaging themſelves againſt the King, being a younger Son to the Earl of
that they might not be ſubject to that Huntinglo, had appeared eininently
Lord's Commands.
for the King from the Beginning;
However, the King committing having raiſed a good Troop of Horſe
with
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
2.51
with the firſt, and, in the head there and without any Reſiſtarice, entered,
of, charged at Edge-hill.
the City of Litchfield; which, being
After the King was ſettled at Oxford, unfortified, was open to all Comers.
Colonel Haſtings, with his own Troop The Number in the Cloſe was not
of Horſe only, and ſome Officers great, nor their Proviſions ſuch as
which he eaſily gathered together, ſhould have been, and very well might
went with a Commiſſion into Leicejter- have been made ; ſo that he made no
ſhire, of Colonel General of that doubt of being ſpeedily Maſter of it;
County, and fixed himſelf at Afbby de Sir John Gell having brought up á
la Zouch, the Houſe of the Earl of good addition of Strength to him from
Huntington, his Father, who was then Derby. He was ſo far from apprehend-
living; and, in a very ſhort time, bying any Danger from the Beſieged, that
his Intereſt there, raiſed ſo good a himſelf lodged in a Houſe within
Party of Horſe and Foot, that he Muſquet-ſhot of the Cloſe ; where,
maintain'd many Skirmiſhes with the the very Day he meant to aſſault it,
Lord Grey: the King's Service being fitting in his Chamber, and the Win-
the more advanced there, by the nota- dow open, he was, from the Wall of
ble Animoſities between the two Fa- the Cloſe, by a Common Soldier, ſhot
milies of Huntington and Stamford, be- with a Muſquet in the Eye; of which
tween whom the County was divided he inſtantly died without ſpeaking a
paſſionately enough, without any other Word.
Quarrel. And now the Sons fought the There were many Diſcourſes and
Publick Quarrel, with their Private Spi- Obſervations upon his Death, that it
rit and Indignation. But the King had ſhould be upon St. Shad's Day (being
the Advantage in his Champion, the the ſecond Day of March) by whoſe
Lord Grey being a young Man of no Name, he being a Biſhop ſhortly after
eminent Parts, and only backed with the planting of Chriſtianity in this
the Credit and Authority of the Par- INand, that Church had been ancient-
liament: whereas Colonel Haſtings, ly call'd. And it was reported, that
though a younger Brother, by his in his Prayer, that very Morning (for
perſonal Reputation, had ſupported he uſed to pray publickly, though his
his Family; and, by the Intereſt of Chaplain were in the Preſence) he
it, and the Affection that people bore wilhed, That if the Cauſe he were in,
to him, brought, no doubt, an addi- were not right and juſt, he might be pre-
tion of Power to the very Cauſe. In- fently cut. off. They who were ac-
fomuch as he not only defended him- quainted with him, believ'd him to
ſelf againft the Forces of the Parlia- be well-natur’d, and juſt; and rather
ment in Leiceſter-ſhire, but diſquieted ſeduced, and corrupted in his Undera
Sir John Gell in Derby-faire, and fixed ſtanding, than perverſe and malicious.
ſome convenient Garriſons in Stafford- Whether his Paffions or Conſcience
ſhire.
ſwayed him, he was undoubtedly one
About the ſame Time, fome Gentle of thoſe who could have been with
men ofthat County, rather well.affected moſt difficulty reconciled to the Go-
than experienced, before they were vernment of Church or State: and
well enough provided to go through therefore his Death was look'd
upon
their Work, ſeized on the Cloſe in as no ill Omen to Peace, and was ex-
Li*ckfield for the King; a Place na- ceedingly lamented by his Party;
turally ſtrong, and defended with a which had ſcarce a more abſolute con-
Mote, and a very high and thick fidence in any Man than in him. How-
Wall; which in the Infancy of the ever, it brought not that Relief to the
War was thought a good Fortification. Beſieged in the Cloſe, as was believ'd
To ſuppreſs this growing Forçe, with it would; for the fame Forces, under
in the limits of his Affcciation, the Sir John Gell, proceeded ſo vigorouſly
Lord Brook advanced with a form'd in the Work, and they within To faint-
Boriy of Horſe, Foot, and Cannon; ly, and unſkilfully, that without any
part drawn from the Earl of Eſex's of that diſtreſs which Men thought
Army, and the reſt out of the Garri- it might bear, and which it did, with-
fons of Coventry, and Warwick; in a ſhort Time after, bear againſt the
King,
:
252
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
King, the Place was yielded without yet the Heath ſeeming very fair, the
other Conditions than of Quarter ; Breadth of it being more than Muf..
by which many Perſons became Pri- quet-ſhot from Encloſure on each Side,
foners, of too good Quality to have and the Number of his Horſe being at
their Names remember'd.
leaſt equal to the other, he reſolv'd to
By this Prize, the Spirits of that charge them; and accordingly did,
Party were much exalted, and the with ſo good Succeſs, that he totally
King's Party in thoſe Parts as much routed that part of their Horſe; and,
caſt down. Yet ſome Gentlemen be- rallying again his Men; he charged
took themſelves to the Town of Staf- the other Part of their Horſe, which
ford, and having too much declar'd ſtood more in Shelter of their Foot;
for the King, when they thought Lich- and ſo totally routed and diſperſed
field would have been of ſtrength to them, that the Enemy had ſcarce a
fecure them, to hope to live unhurt at Horſe left upon the Field; and took
their Houſes, reſolvd to defend that likewiſe from them eight Pieces of
Place ; againſt which Sir John Gell Cannon.
drew his late feſh'd Troops. But the In this ſecond Charge the Earl of
Earl of Northampton (who intended the Northampton being engaged in the
Relief of Lichfield, if they had had Execution, very near,
or among
any Patience to expect it) with a ſtrong their Foot, had his Horſe kill'd un-
Party of Horſe, and Dragoons, from der him. So that his own Horſe
his Garriſon of Banbury, came feaſon- (according to their unhappy. Practice).
abły to their Şuccour, and put himſelf with too much Fury purſuing the
into the Town : and, the fame Night, Chaſe, he was left encompaſs’d by his-
beat up a Quarter of the Enemies, in Enemies. What his Behaviour' was
which' he kill'd and took above an afterwards, and their Carriage towards.
hundred of their Horſe. Sir John him, can be known only by the Te.
Gell retired ſo far as to meet with Sir ſtimony of the Rebels ; who con-;
Willianz Bruerton, who,-from Nant- feſs'd, that after he was on his Feet,
wich, was coming to join with him he kill'd with his own Hand the Co-
for the ſubduing of Stafford; and; lonel of Foot who made firſt halte to
having done that, refolvéd to march him, and that after his Head-piece
ini a Body for the clearing the other was ſtricken off with the. But-end of
Connties.' When they were join'd, a Muſquet, they offer'd him Quarter ;
being near three thouſand Foot, and which, they ſay, he refus’d; anſwer-
Horſe, with a good Train of Artil- ing, That he ſcorn'd to take Quarter
·lery, they moved back towards Staf- from ſuch baſe Rogues, and Rebels, as.
ford, imagining the Earl of Northamp- they were. A'fter which, he was ſlain:
ton would meet them without the by a Blow with a Halbert on the hin-
Walls: and it ſo fell out; for the Earl der Part of his Head, receiving, at
:no fooner heard that the Rebels were the ſame Time, another deep Wound
drawing towards the Town, but he in his Face.
drew out his Party, to encounter All this Time the Enemies. Foot:
them; imagining it could be only ſtood, which (after their Horſe were
Gell, whoſe Numbers he underſtond, diſperſed) Sir Thomas Byron, who com-
-and whoſe. Courage he much under- manded the Prince of Wales's Regi-
valued.
ment, a Gentleman of great Courage,
It was on a Sunday, about the mid- and of very good Conduct, Chargd
dle of March, when, in the after- with good Execution. But the Night
noon, he march'd out of. Stafford; his came on apace, and the Field which
Party conſiſting of Horſe, and Dra- they thought ſo fair, was found full
goons, and ſome few Foot, the whole of Coal-Pits, and Holes dangerous for
Number being under one thouſand; their Horſe ; ſo that they thought fit
and found the Enemy, in very good to forhear farther Adion, till they
Order, expecting them upon a Place might have the Morning's Light;
callid Hoplon-Heath, ſome two Miles and ſtood all that Night in the Field.
from Stafford. Though the Number When the Morning appear'd, there
was more than double to the Earl's, was no Enemy to be ſeen.
foon
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For as

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in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
253
.
1
i
1
4
foon as the Fight ended, and the upon his own Reputation as the Ju-
Night drew on, that they were unper- ftice of the Cauſe (which was not ſo
ceiv'd, they had left the Field, in well.then underſtood) diſcountenanced
hope that their ſcatter'd Horſe would and drove him out of that County.
find them in Quarters more remote And afterwards he took the Ordnance
from the Danger. The Victorious from Banbury-Caftle, and brought
Party was ſo harraſſed with Duty, and them to the King, As ſoon as an
tir'd' with the Fight, ſo caſt down Army was to be raiſed, he levied,
with the Loſs of their General, and ſo with the firſt, upon his own Charge;
deſtitute of Officers to direct, and a Troop of Horſe, and a Regiment of
command what was next to be done, Foot; and (not like ſome other Men,
(for the Lord Compton; the Earl's eldeſt who warily diſtributed their Family to
Son, had receiv'd a Shot in the Leg; both Sides, one Son to ſerve the King,
Sir Thomas Byron a Shot in the Thigh, whilſt his Father, or another Son,
:whereby. they were not able to keep engag’d for the Parliament) ențirely
the. Field; and many other Officers dedicated all his Children' to the
hurt) that they retir'd to refreſh them. Quarrel; having four Sons Officers
Jelves at Stafford, after they had taken under him, whereof three charged
the Spoil of the Field, and buried their that Day in the Field : And from the
Dead.
Time he ſubmitted himſelf to the Pro-
In this. Fight, which was ſharp, feſſion of a Soldier, no Man more
and ſhort, there were killd, and ta- punctual upon Command, no Man
ken Priſoners,: of the Parliament Par- more diligent and vigilant in Duty.
ty, above two hundred, and more All Diſtreſſes he bore like a Common
than that Number wounded. For, Man, and all Wants, and Hardſhips,
the Horſe charging among their Foot, as if he had never known Plenty, or
more were hurt than killd. Eight Eaſe ; moſt prodigal of his Perſon to
Pieces of their Cannon, and moſt of Danger, and would often fay, That
their Ammunition was likewiſe taken. if he outlivd theſe Wars, he was cer-
Of the Earl's Party were Nain but five tain never to have ſo noble a Death.
and twenty; whereof there were two So that it is not to be wonder’d, if,
Captains, fome inferior Officers, and upon ſuch a Stroke, the Body that
the reſt Common Men; but there felt it, thought it had loſt more than
were as many hurt, and thoſe of the a Limb.
Chief Officers. They who had all As ſoon as it was known where the
the Enſigns of Victory, but their Ge- Enemy reſted after their Retreat, the
neral, thought themſelves undone ; young Earl of Northampton fent a
whilſt the other Side, who had eſcap- Trumpet to Sir John Gell, to deſire
ed in the Night, and made a hard the Body of his Father, that he might
Shife to carry his dead Body with give it ſuch decent Burial as became
them, hardly believ'd they were Lo- him. Gell and Bruerton, joyntly, by
fers,
a Letter, demanded, in Exchange for
The truth is, a greater Victory had the dead Body, all their Ammunition,
been an unequal Recompence for ſuch Priſoners, and Cannon, they had loſt
a Loſs. He was a Perſon of great at the Battle'; which Demand being
Courage, Honour, and Fidelity, and ſo unreaſonable, and againſt the Law
not well known till his Evening; hav- of Arms, the Earl fent again to them,
ing in the Eaſe, and Plenty, and to deſire, That if they would not return
Luxury of that too happy Time, in- the Corps, that bis Chirurgion might
dulg'd to himſelf, with that Licence have leave to embalm it, whereby it
which was then thought neceffary to might be preſerv'd to receive iboſe
great Fortunes : _ But from the Be- Rites, when they faculd be willing to
ginning of theſe Diſtractions, as if he gratify him; which be preſum'd, upon
had been awaken'd out of a Lethargy, more diſpoſonate Thoughts, they would
he never proceeded with a luke-warm be. Their Anſwer to this was as un-
Temper. Before the Standard was reaſonable as the other, That they
ſet up, he appear'd in Warwickſhire would neither ſend the Body, nor permit
againſt the Lord Brook, and as much bis Chirurgions to come to embalm it :
75
preſuming,
SSS
254
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
preſuming, it is probable, that the give him Entrance ; and out of a
Piety of the Son would have prevailid Window killd Colonel Lawley, and
to have their 'unheard of Propoſitions two Officers more, without hurting a
comply'd with.
Common Soldier; whereby that Body
And ſo we ſhall, for the preſent, was deſtitute of any Perſon of Expe-
leave theſe Parts, and viſit the Princi- rience to command them. However
pality of Wales ; of which hitherto, the Lord Herbert, who was himſelf
very little hath been ſaid ; and from ſeldom with his Forces, ſhortly after
the Affection whereof, the King had, placed. Colonel Brett in that Com-
from the Beginning, a very great Be- mand; who, without any Skirmiſh
nefit; it having fupply'd him with of Importance, march'd through the
three or four good Regiments of Foot, Foreſt of Deane, and fixʼd a Quarter,
in which many of their Gentry were which contain'd his whole Body, at
engagºd, before the Battle of Edge- the Vineyard, the Biſhop of Gloceſter's
Hill.
Palace, within leſs than half a Mile
It hath been before remember'd, of Gloceſter. And by that Means,
that the Marquis of Hertford drew there being only a long 'Bridge over
with him out of Wales, and brought the Severn, by which Men could come
to Oxford about Chriſtmas neat two out or go in to Gloceſter, he fully
thouſand Men ; léaving Wales guard- Block'd up the Town on that. Side,
ed only with the Courage and Fideli- expecting that Prince Maurice from
ty of the Gentry, and Inhabitants. Cirenceſter, ſhould take equal Care to
After that, North Wales lying moſt diſtreſs it on the other ; which he did
convenient to back Cheſter, and to a good Degree.
Shrewſbury, which Places, whilſt the But Sir William Waller; with a
Enemy was Maſter of the Field, re light Party of Horſe and Dragoons,
ceiv'd their chief Supplies of Men and near two thouſand, from the Earl of
Proviſions from thence the King al. Elex's Army, had made à quick
ways put it under the Government of March tbrough. Wilipire (after his
thoſe to whom he comimitted thoſe taking of Chicheſter) and taking, with
Parts, South Wales which is much little Lofs and Trouble, a ſmall Går-
the larger, and richer Part of that Do- riſon of the King's, conſiſting of a-
minion, he committed to the Charge bout ſix or ſeven ſcore at Malmſbury,
of the Lord Herbert, eldeſt Son to before it was fortified, or provided,
the Marquis of Worceſter ; whom he made a Faće of looking towards ci-
made his Lieutenant General, ad- renceſter; where when he found he
ding Monmouthſhire to his Commiſſion; was expected, by a ſudden Night
who with more Expedition than was March, in which he was very dexte-
expected by many, or by other be- rous and ſucceſsful, he poſted to the
liev'd poſſible,, raiſed a Body of a- River Severn, fix Miles Weft of Glo-
bove fifteen thoufand Foot, and near cefter, from whence he had appointed
five hundred Horſe, very well and many flat Boats to meet him; and in
fufficiently Arm’d, which increaſed them, in the light Day, the Guard of
the Merit of the Service.
the River being either Treacherouſly or
The Horſe he put under the Com- Scottiſhly neglected by the Lord Her.
mand of his Brother, the Lord John bert's Forces, tranſported his whole
Somerſet, a maiden Soldier too ; and Body, which, upon the Advantage of
the Foot under Colonel Lawley, whom that Paſs, might have been reſiſted by
he made his Major General, a bold a few Men. Hereupon the Confter-
and ſprightly Officer. About the nation was fó great among the new
middle of February he march'd to- Welſh Soldiers, very few of their Offi-
wards Gloceſter, with an ill Omen at cers having ever ſeen an Enemy, that
his ſetting out ; for a Rabble of the though their Works were too good to
Country People being got together, be enter'd by Horſe, and Dragoons ;
without Order, or Officer of Nane, though the Avenues were but narrow,
barricaded a little Village in the Fo- in all which they had Cannon planted,
reſt of Deane, callid Cover, (through and their Numbers very near, if not
which he was to paſs) and refuſed to fully, eq#al to the Enemy, upon the
Advance
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
255
Advance of Sir William Waller upon Quarters continued the ſame they
them, without giving, or receiving were, harraſſed only, and diſcounte-
Blow, they fairly ſent out to treat ; nanced, nothing ſtreighten'd by chis
and as kindly deliver'd up themſelves, Incurfion; and the Lord Herbert a-
and their Arms, upon the ſingle Grant gain intended new Levies.
of Quarter : A Submiſſion to like a On Saturday the 15th of April,
Stratagem, that the Enemy could 1643, the Earl of Elex march'd with
hardly truſt it. Yet, in the End, his whole Army from Windſor, and
they inade a ſhift to put near thirteen fat down before Reading.. The Ear!
hundred Foot, and three Troops of had never before been in the Head of
Horfe, Priſoners into Glocefter, the fo gallant an Army, which confifted
Lord Herbert himſelf being at that of about fixteen thouſand Foot, and
Time at Oxford, and the Lord John above three thoufand Horſe, in as
Somerſet with three or four Troops at good an Equipage, and ſupplied with
a ſafe Diftance from the reſt.
all Things neceffary for a Siege; as
This was the End of thạt Muſhroom- could be expected from an Enemy
Army, which grew up and perifh'd which knew no Wants, and had the
fo foon, that the Loſs of it was ſcarce Command of the Tower of London,
apprehended at' Oxford, becauſe the and all other Stores of the Kingdom
Strength, or rather the Number, was In the Town were above three thou-
not underſtood. But if the Money, ſand Foot, and a Regiment of Horſe
which was laid out in Raiſing, Arm- conſiſting of near three hundred; the
ing, and Paying that Body of Men, Fortifications were very mean to en-
which never advanc'd the King's Ser- durę a form’d Siege, being made on-
vice in the leaft Degree, had been ly to ſecure a Winter Quarter, and
brought into the King's Receipt at never intended for a ſtanding Garri-
Oxford, to have been employ'd to the fon. And it is very true, that it was
moſt Advantage, I am perſwaded the reſoly'd at a Council of War at Ox-
War might have been ended the next ford, That before the End of April
Summer.
(before which Time it was conceivid
The Fame of this prodigious Victo- the Enemy would not adventure to
ry
ſo ſubdued alt thoſe Parts, that take the Field) Sir Arthur Aſton ſhould
Sir William Wäller, with the fame flight thoſe Works, and draw off his
Spirit of Celerity, and attended with Garriſon to the King; and that which
the fame Succeſs, flew to Hereford;. made it lefs able to bear a Siege, than
and though a walled Town, and re the Weakneſs of their Works, was
pleniſh'd with à Garriſon, had That their Wart of Ammunition ; for they
likewiſe deliverd to him upon the had not forty Barrels of Power;
fame Terms as the other was; and which could have held a briſk and
from thence (being with more Confi- daring Enemy but a ſhort Time.
dence refuſed to be admitted in Wor And as this Defect.proceeded por
ceſter, than he thought reaſonable to from Want of Foreſight, ſo it was
require it) pafs?d to Texökéſbury; not capable of being ſupplied, at leaſt
which he likewiſe ſurprized being in that Proportion as was worthy the
newly garriſon'd ; his Motion being Name of a Supply: For the King
ſo quick, that though Prince Maurice had no Port nor Friend, by which he
attended him with all poſſible Dili- could bring Ammunition to Oxford;
gence, he could never farther engage neither had be been yet able to ſet up
him than in light Skirmiſhes; and, any Manufacture for any conſiderable
having taken this Progreſs, return'd Supply. So that what he brought up
ſafe to Glocefter; and from thence to the with him after the Battle of Edge-
Earl of Eſſex's Army; having made Hill, which was the Remainder of the
no other Uſe of his Conqueſts, than four hundred Barrels brought by the
the diſhonouring ſo many Places, Ship call'd the Providence, before the
which had ſo quietly yielded to him ; ſetting up of his Standard, had ſerv'd
into which (for he fixed no one Gar- for all his Expeditions, being diſtri-
riſon) the King?s Forces immediately buted into the ſeveral Garriſons; and
enter'd again. So that his Majeſty's was ſtill to furniſh all his growing
Occa.
)
12
contemn
0-
was loft. As for the Danger of
256 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Occaſions; and that Magazine now the Town would recover Heart; and
at Reading (which was no greater than after they had digeſted the preſent Fears
is before mention'd) was yet double to and Apprehenſions,
their
what was in any other Place, Oxford Danger; and their own Soldiers, who.
only excepted; wherein, at this Time, were yet freſh and vigorous, would eve-
there was not above one hundred Bar-' ry Day. abate iu Courage, and their;
rels of Powder, and in no one Place Numbers in a few weeks leſſen as much
Match proportionable to that little by Sickneſs and Duty, 05 they ſhould
Powder: And this defect is wholly to probably do by an Aljault. On the
be imputed to the Lowneſs of the other hand it was objected, That 'the
King's Condition ; for there was no Army confifted moſt of new Levies (and
want of Induſtry, but all imaginable in truth there were not, of all that
Care and Pains taken to prevent and gallant' Army that was at Edge-Hill,
ſupply it.
among the Foot, three thouſand Men)
Notwithſtanding all theſe Difficul- who would be hardly brought to begin
ties, the Town look'd upon the Ene- upon ſo deſperate Service.; that it was
my with Courage and Contempt the only Army the Parliament bad, up-
enough ; and to ſay the Truth, both on which all their Hopes, and Welfare:
Officers and Soldiers were as good, as depended ; and if, in the Spring, it
in the Infancy of a War could be ex- jould receive an eminent foil, they
pected; and they had no Apprehen- would not recover their Courage again.
lion of want of Victuals, with which all the Summer. That they were not
they were abundantly ſtored. The only to look upon the taking of Reading,
Soldiers without, were for the moſt but, purſuing that in a reaſonable Way,
Part, newly levied, and few of their to keep themſelves in a Poſture and Con-,
Officers acquainted with the Way and dition to end the War by a Battle with
Order of aſſaulting Towns; and this all the King's Forces; which would.no
was the firſt Siege that happend in doubt apply themſelves to their. Relief
England. Upon the firſt fitting down and no Place under Heaven could be so
before it, after they had taken a full commodious for them to try their For-
View of the Ground, their General tune in; .as that. Whereas if they
adviſed with his Council of War, in ſhould haftily engage themſelves upón an,
what Manner he ſhould proceed, Ajault, and receive a Repulfe, and
whether by Affault, or Approach; in jould be afterwards forced to riſe, to
which there was great Diverſity of fight with the King, they ſhould never,
Opinions. The Works were weak; make their Men ſtand; and then their
all Materials in Readineſs; they be. Sickneſs among the Soldiers, who
lieved the Soldiers in the Town full of were 'not acquainted with Hardſhip,
Apprehenſions, and a very conſiderable it was urged, That though it were ear-
Party of the Inhabitants diſaffected to lier in the rear than the Armies ufual-
the Garriſon, who in the time of a Storm ly march'd into the Field, yet they had
would be able to. beget a great Diſtrac- much better Accommodation and Provi-
tion. They might be able to ſtorm it in. fion than Armies uſe to bave ; their
ſo many places at once, that the Num- Horſe (to whom that Time of the Yecr
ber of the Soldiers' within would not is commonly moſt hazardous, through
be able to defend all; and if they the Want of Forrage) being plentifully
prevailed in any one, their whole Body provided for with Hay and Oats by the
of Horſe might enter, and be immediate- Benefit of the River, and all Supplies
ly Maſters of the Town. If they pre- being ſent for the foot out of London.
vailed this way, their Army' would And in truth 'tis hardly credible:
have that Reputation, and carry that what vaſt Quantities (beſides the Pro-:
Terrour with it, that no Power of the viſions made in a very regular Way
King's would bereafter be able to abide by the Commiſſioners) of excellent
it ; but they might march over the Victuals ready dreſs’d, were every Day
Kingdoni, and ſubdue every part of it; ſent in Waggons and Carts from Lon-
whereas if they delayed their work, and don to the Army, upon the voluntary
proceeded by way of Approach, theſe in Contributions from private Families,
according
in the Reign of King CHARLES Į.
257
So
according to their Affections to the nifh'd for reporting that thers Were
good Work in hand : The Common many Soldiers kill'd, and hurt before
People being perſwaded, that the Reading ; and it was a Mark of Ma-
taking of Reading would deſtroy all lignity to believe thoſe Reports :
the King's Hopes of an Army; and unfit the People were to be truſted
that it would be taken in very few with all Truths.
Days. Upon theſe Arguments and Within a Week after the Beginning
Debates in which all theſe Reaſons of the Siege, Sir Arthur Alton, the
were conlider'd on both Sides) the Governor, being in a Court of Guard
major Part of the Council inclined, near the Line which was neareſt to the
and with that the General complied, Enemies Approaches, a Cannon-ſhot
to purſue the Buſineſs by Approach. accidentally lighted upon the Top of
It was reported, that the Officers of it, which was cover'd with Brick-tyle,
Horſe in the Council were all for a a Piece whereof, the Shot going
Storm, and the Foot Officers for ap- through, hit the Governor in the
proaching. The chief Care and Ó- Head, and made that Impreſſion up-
verſight of the Approaches was com on him, that his Senfes ſhortly faild
mitted to Philip Skippon, a Man often him; ſo that he was not only diſabled
mention'd in the firſt Part of this Hi- afterwards from executing in his own
ftory, who had been an old Officer, Perſon, but incompetent for Counſel
and of good Experience in the Low or Direction; ſo that the chief Com-
Countries, and was now made. Şer- mand was devolvid to Colonel Richard
jeant-Major-General of the Army, by Fielding, who was the eldeſt Colonel
the abſolute Power of the two Houſes; of the Garriſon. This Accident was
and without the chearful Concurrence then thought of great Misfortune to
of the Earl of Elex ; though Sir John the King, for there was not in his Ar-
Merrick, who had executed that Place my an Officer of greater Reputation,
by his Lordſhip’s Choice from the Be- and of whom the Enemy had a great-
ginning, was prefer'd to be General er Dread. The next Night after this
of the Ordnance.
Accident, but before it was known at
The Approaches advanced very Oxford, a Party from thence under
faft, the Ground being in all Places as the Command of Mr. Wilmot the
fit for that Work as could be, and the Lieutenant General of the Horſe,
Town lying ſo low, that they had ea without any ſignal Oppoſition, pur in
fily raiſed many Batteries, from whence a Supply of Powder, and a Regiment
they ſhot their Cannon into the Town of five hundred Foot into the Town,
at a near Diſtance, but without any and receiv'd Advertiſement from
conſiderable Execution ; there being thence of the Governor's Hurt, and
fewer loft by that Service, than will that they muſt expect to be reliev'd
be believ'd, and but one Man of within a Week, beyond which Time
Note, Lieutenant Colonel D'Ews, a they ſhould not be able to hold out.
young Man of notable Courage, and How ill the King was provided for
Vivacity, who had his-Leg Thot off fuch an Expedition, will beſt appear
by a Cannon Bullet, of which he ſpee- by remembring how his Forces were
dily and very chearfully died. From then ſcatter'd, and the preſent Poſture
the own there were frequent Sallies he was then in at Oxford.
with good Succeſs; and very many Sol The nimble and the ſucceſsful
diers, and ſome Officers, of the Ene- Marches of Sir William Waller, whom
my were kill'd; more hurt; who we left triumphing in Wales, after his
were ſent to Hoſpitals near London ; ſtrange Surprize of the Lord Herbert's
and thoſe that were ſent to London, as Forces near Gloceſter, cauſed the King
many
Cart-Loads were, were brought to fend Prince Maurice with a ſtrong
in the Night, and diſpoſed with great Party of Horſe and Dragoons to attend
Secrecy, that thc Citizens might take him, who moved from Place to Place
no Notice of it; the Stratagems of with as great Succeſs as Speed, after
this Kind are too ridiculous to be ſet his Succeſs at Hynam; and to make
down, though purſued then with great the Shame of thoſe Officers the leſs,
Induſtry ; inſomuch as ſome were pu with the Spirit of Victory doubled up-
76
Ttt
on
258
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
on him, he came before Hereford, a wanted) was Ammunition ; and the
Town very well affected, and reaſon- only Hope of Supply was from the
ably well fortified, having a ſtrong North ; yet the Paſſage from thence
Stone-Wall about it, and ſome Can- ſo dangerous, that a Party little infe-
non, and there being in ic fome Sol- rior in Strength to an Army was ne-
diers of good Reputation, and many ceſſary to convey it ; for, though the
Gentlemen of Honour, and Quality ; Earl of Newcaſtle, at that Time, was
and three or four hundred Soldiers, Maſter of the Field in Yorkſhire, yet
beſides the Inhabitants well arm’d; the Enemy was much ſuperior in all
yet, without the Loſs of one Man on the Counties between that County and
either Side, to the Admiration of all, Oxford ; and had planted many Gar-
who then heard it, or ever ſince heard riſons ſo near all the Roads, that the
of it, he perſwaded them fairly to yield moſt private Meſſengers travelld with
up the Town, and yield themſelves great Hazard, three being intercept-
Priſoners upon Quarter; which they ed for one that eſcaped. To clear
did, and were preſently by him ſent theſe Obſtructions, and not without
for their better Security to Briſtol. the Deſign of guarding and waiting on
From thence he march'd to Wor- the Queen to Oxford, if her Majeſty
ceſter, where his Conqueſts met ſome were ready for that Journey, at leaſt
Stop; for though the Town was not to ſecure a neceſſary Supply of Pow-
ſo ſtrong, nor the Garriſon fo great der, Prince Rupert in Perſon refolv'd
(I mean of Soldiers; for the Inhahi- in Perſon to march towards the North,
tants were more) as Hereford, nor one and about the Beginning of April, his
Officer in it of more Experience than Highneſs, with a Party of twelve hun-
he had gotten this unhappy War, the dred Horſe and Dragoons, and ſix or
Inhabitants had the Courage to reſolve feven hundred Foot, march'd towards
not to admit any Summons or Meſ.. Lichfield; which if he could reduce,
ſenger from him; and when his Drum, and ſettle there a Garriſon for the
againſt all Signs made to him from King, lay moſt convenient for that
the Walls not to approach, did not- Northern Communication; and would
withſtanding refuſe to return without with it diffolve other little adjacent
delivering his Meſſage, they ſhot at Holds of the Enemies, which contri-
him, and kill'd him ;-, and when Sir buted much to their Interruption.
William Waller himſelf, to revenge In his Way thither, he was to march
that Affront, march'd with his whole through Bromicham, a Town in War-
Body towards them (there being only wickſhire before mention'd, and of as
an old Gate without Bridge or Work great Fame for Diſloyalty to the King,
before it, to hinder his Entrance into as any Place in England. It is before
the Town) they entertain’d him ſo remember'd, that the King in his
roughly, that he was forced to retire March from Shrewſbury, notwith-
with the Loſs of ſome Officers, and ſtanding the eminent Malignity of that
about twenty Comnion Men; after People, had ſhew'd as eminent Com-
which, his Men having not been ac- paſſion to them; not giving Way
cuſtom'd to ſuch Uſage, he got over that they ſhould ſuffer by the undiſtin.
the Severn again, and with quick guiſhing Licence of the Soldier, or by
Night Marches, fo avoided Prince the Severity of his own Juſtice; which
Maurice (who took no leſs Pains to Clemency of his, found ſo unequal a
meet with him) that with ſome few Return, that, the next Day after his
light Skirmiſhes, in which he receiv'd Remove thence, the Inhabitants of
ſmall Loſs, he carried his Party fafe, that Place ſeized on his Carriages,
and full of Reputation, through Glo- wherein were his own Plate, and Fura
ceſter to the Earl of Eſſex's Army be- niture ; and conveyed them to War-
fore Reading ; himſelf being ſent for to wick Caſtle ; and had from that Time,
London, upon a Deſign that muſt be with unuſual Induſtry and Vigilance,
hereafter mention'd.
apprehended all Meſſengers who were
The great Want at Oxford (if any employed, or ſuſpected to be fo, in
one particular might deſerve that the King's Service; and though it was
Style, where all neceſſary Things were never made a Garriſon by Direction
of
in the Reign of King CHARLES II.
259
of the Parliament, being built in ſuch or three Night Garriſons in the Way,
a Form, as was indeed hardly capable which made very little Reſiſtance,
of being fortified, yet they had ſo march'd to Lichfield, and eaſily poſ-
great a Deſire to diſtinguiſh themſelves ſeſs’d himſelf of the Town, which lay
from the King's good Subjects, that open to all Comers; but the Cloſe
they caft up little ſight Works at both (containing the Cathedral Church,
Ends of the Town, and barricaded and all the Clergy-Men's Houſes)
the reſt, and voluntarily engaged was ſtrongly fortified, and reſolv'd a-
themſelves not to admit any Intercourſe againſt him. The Wall, about which
with the King's Forces.
there was a broad and deep Mote, was
In this poſture Prince Rupert found ſo thick, and ſtrong, that no Battery
them, having in the Town with them the Prince could raiſe, would make
at that Time a Troop of Horſe, be- any Impreſſion ; the Governor, one
longing to the Garriſon of Lichfield, Colonel Rouwell, very reſolute ; and
which was grown to that Strength, the Garriſon of ſuch Men as were moſt
that it infeſted thoſe Parts exceeding- tranſported with Superſtition to the
ly; and would in a ſhort Time have Cauſe, in which they engaged, and in
extended itſelf to a powerful Juriſdic- Number equal to the Ground they
tion. His Highneſs hardly believing were to keep, and their Proviſions
it poſſible, that when they ſhould dit- ample for a longer Time than it was
cover his Power, they would offer to fit'the Prince ſhould ſtay before it. So
make Reſiſtance, and being unwilling that it was believ'd, when his High-
to receive. Interruption in his more neſs had 'in vain endeavour'd to pro.
important Deſign, ſent his Quarter- cure it by Treaty, he would not have
Máſters thither to take up his Lodg- engaged before it ; for his Strength
ing; and to aſſure them, That if they conſiſted, upon the Matter, wholly in
bebaved themſelves peaceably, they ſhould Horſe; his Foot and Dragoons being
not ſuffer for what was paſt. But they an inconſiderable. Force for ſuch an
had not Conſciences good enough to Attempt. But whether the Difficul-
believe them, and abſolutely refuſed to ties were not throughly diſcern'd, and
let him quarter in the Town ; and weigh'd at firſt, or whether the Im-
from their little Works, with Mettle portance of the Place was thought ſo
equal to their Malice, they diſcharg- great, that it was worth an equal Ha-
ed their Shot upon him; but they were zard, and Adventure, he reſolv'd not
quickly overpower'd, and ſome Parts to move till he had tried the utter-
of the Town being fired, they were moſt; and to that Purpoſe, drew
not able to contend with both Ene- what Addition of Force he could out
mies; and, diſtracted between both, , of the Country, to ſtrengthen his
ſuffer'd the Aſſailant to enter without Handful of Foot; and perſwaded ma-
much Loſs; who took not that Ven- ny Officers, and Voluntiers of the
geance upon them they deſery'd, but Horſe to alight, and bear their Parts
made them expiate their Tranſgreſſions in Duty ; with which they chearfully
with paying a lefs Mulet, than might and gallantly comply'd ; and in leſs
have been expected from their Wealth, than ten Days, he had drawn the
if their Wickedneſs had been lefs. Mote dry, and prepar'd two Bridges
In the Entrance of this Town, and for the Graff
. The Beſieged omitted
in the too eager Purſuit of that looſe nothing that could be perforin'd by vi-
Troop of Horſe that was in it, the gilant Men; and kill'd and wounded
Earl of Denbigh was unfortunately many of the Beſiegers, and diſappoint-
wounded with many Hurts on the ed, and ſpoiled one Mine they had
Head and Body with Swords, and prepared. In the End, early in the
Poll-Axes; of which, within two or Morning, the Prince having prepared
three Days he died. Had it not been all Things in Readineſs for the Aſfault,
for this ill Accident, I ſhould not he ſprung another Mine ; which fuc-
have mention'd an Action of ſo little ceeded according to Wiſh, and made
Moment, as was this of Bromicham. a Breach of twenty Foot in the Wall,
From Bromicbam, the Prince, with- in a Place leaſt ſuſpected by thoſe
out longer Stay than to remove two within ; yet they defended it with all
poſſible
T
260
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
poſſible Courage and Reſolution, and that he might with the Allſtance of
killd and hurt very many; fome, the Garriſon, be able to force one
Officers of prime Quality; whereof Quarter, and to draw out his Men;
the Lord Digby, Colonel Gerrard, and by the Advantage of thoſe Rivers
Colonel Wagſtaffe,, and Major Leg, which divided the Enemy, and by
were the chief of the wounded ; and the Paffes, be able to retire to Oxford';
when they had enter'd the Breach, for being joynid, he could not have
they continued the Diſpute ſo fiercely equalled one half of the Enemies Ar-
within (the Narrowneſs of the Breach, my. When the King drew near the
and the Aſcent not ſuffering many to Town, the Day being pafs’d whereon
enter together, and no Horſe being they had been promiſed, or had pro-
able to get over) that after they had miſed themſelves Relief, he was en-
killd Colonel Uſher, and ſome other counter'd by a Party of the Enemy,
good Officers, and taken others Priſo- which defended their Port, who being
ners (for both Colonel Wag ſtaffe, and quickly ſeconded by Supplies of Horſe
William Leg were in their Hands) they and Foot from all their Quarters, after
compellid the Prince to conſent to ve a very ſharp Conflict, in which many
ry honourable Conditions ; which he fell on both Sides, the King's Party,
readily conſented to, as thinking him- commanded by the Earl of Forth him-
ſelf a Gainer by the Bargain. And fo ſelf (the General) conſiſting of near
the Garriſon march'd out with fair one thouſand Muſqueteers, were forc-
Reſpect, and the Prince's Teſtimony ed to retire to their Body; which they
of their having made a Couragious did the ſooner, becauſe thoſe of the
Defence ; his Highneſs being very Town made no Semblance of endea-
glad of his Conqueſt, though the Pur- vouring to joyn with them; which was
chaſe had ſhrewdly ſhaken his Troops, what they chiefly rely'd upon. The
and robb’d him of many Officers and Reaſon of that was, the Garriſon not
Soldiers he much valued. At this ſeeing their Relief coming, had ſent
Time, either the Day before, or the for a Parley to the Enemy, which was
Day after this Action, Prince Rupert agreed to, with a Truce for ſo many
receivºd a poſitive Order from the Hours, upon which Hoſtages were
King, To make all poſſible Hafte, with deliver'd; and a Treaty begun, when
all the Strength be bad, and all be the King came to relieve it
. Upon
could draw together from thoſe Parts, the View of the Enemy's Strength,
to the Relief of Reading; which was and Intrenchment, all were of Opi-
in the Danger we but now left it. nion that the ſmall Forces of the King
Upon which his Highneſs, commit- would not be able to raiſe the Siege,
ting the Government of Lichfield to or to joyn with thoſe in the Town;
Colonel Baggot, a Son of a good and and in this melancholick Concluſion
powerful Family in that County, and his Majeſty retired for the preſent, re-
appointing his Troops to make what ſolving to make any other reaſonable
Haſte was poſſible after him, himſelf Attempt the next Day. In the mean
with a few Servants came to Oxford to Time, ſome Soldiers found means to
attend the King, whom he found gone eſcape out of the Town, and Colonel
towards Reading
Fielding himſelf in the Night came to
The Importunity from that Garri- the King, and told him the State they
ſon for Relief, was ſo peremptory, were in ; That they were in Treaty,
and the Concernment ſo great in their and believ'd be might have very good
Preſervation, that the King found it Conditions, and Liberty to march away
would not bear the neceſſary Delay of with all their Arnis and Baggage ;
Prince Rupert's returning with his which was ſo welcome News, that the
Forces; and therefore his Majeſty in King bid him, Prince Rupert being
Perſon, with thoſe Horſe and Foot then preſent, That if he could procure
which he could ſpeedily draw together, ſuch Conditions, he ſhould accept ebem :
leaving very few behind him in Ox- for indeed the Men and the Arms
ford, or in any other Garriſon, ad were all that the King deſir'd, che
vanced towards Reading → hoping, Loſs of either of which was like to
and that was the utmoſt of his Hope, prove fatal to him. The King con.
1
tinued
in the Réign of King CHARLES I. 261
tit;
tinued ſtill at Netilebeck, a Village ſe- uſed, but many of them difarm’d, and
ven or eight Miles diſtant from Read- moſt of the Waggons plunder'd, in
ing, to attend the Succeſs of the Trea- the Preſence of the Earl of Effex him-
ty ; reſolving, if it ſucceeded not, ſelf, and the chief Officers; who
to try the utmoſt again for their Re- ſeem'd to be offended at it, and not to
demption ; but all Men praying hear- be able to prevent the Unrulineſs
tily for Liberty to march off upon the of the Common Men being ſo great.
Treaty; the next Day theſe Articles As this Breach of the Articles was ve-
were agreed on.
ry notorious, and inexcuſable, ſo it
1. That the Governor, Commanders, was made the Riſe, Foundation, and
and Soldiers, boub Horſe and Foot, Excuſe for barbarous Injuſtice of the
might march out with Flying Colours, ſame kind throughout the greateſt
Arons, and four Pieces of Ordnance, Part of the War; inſomuch as the
Ammunition, Bag and Baggage, light. King's Soldiers afterward, when it was
Match, Bullet in Mouth, Drums beat their Part to be preciſe in the Obſer-
ing, and Trumpets founding.
vation of Agreements, mutinouſly re-
2. That they might have free Paſſage member'd the Violation at Reading ;
to bis Majeſty's City of Oxford, with- and thereupon exerciſed the ſame Li-
out Interruption of any of the Forces un cence; froin thence, either Side hav-
der the Command of bis Excellency the ing fomewhat to object to the other,
Earl of Effex; provided the ſaid Go- the requiſite Honeſty and Juſtice of
vernor, Commanders, and Soldiers, uſe obſerving Conditions was mutually, as
no Hoſtility until they come to Oxford. it were by Agreement, for a long
3. That what Perſons were acciden- Time after violated.
tally come to the Town, and put up by There had been, in the Secret Com-
the Siege, might have Liberty to paſs mittee for the carrying on the War,
without Interruption; ſuch Perſons only forming thoſe Deſigns, and admini-
excepted, as had run away from the Ar- ſtring to the Expences thereof, a long
my under the Command of the Earl of Debate with great Difference of Opi-
Eflex.
nion, whether they ſhould not inarch
4. That they shall bave fifty Car- directly with their Army to beliege
riages for Baggage, fick, and hurt. Oxford, where the King and the Court
Men.
was, rather than Reading ; and if they
5. That the Inhabitants of the Town had taken that Reſolution, as Mr.
of Reading Mould not be prejudiced in Hambden, and all they who deſir'd ſtill
their Eſtates, or Perfons, either by to ſtrike at the Root, very earneſtly in-
Plundering of Impriſonment; and that ſifted upon, without doubt they had put
they who would leave the Town, might the King's Affairs into great Confuſion.
have free Leave, and Paſage, ſafely to For, beſides that Oxford was not tolera-
go to what Place they would, with their bly fortified, nor the Garriſon well pro-
Goods, within the Space of fix Weeks vided for, the Court, and Multitude of
after the Surrender of the Town. Nobility, and Ladies, and Gentry, with
6. That the Garriſon ſhould quit the which it was inhabited, bore any kind
Town by twelve of the Clock the next of Alarm very. ill. But others, who
Morning ; arid that the Earl of. Effex did not yet think their Army well e-
pould provide a Guard for the Security nough compored to reſiſt all Tempta-
of the Garriſon Soldiers, when they be- tions, nor enough ſubdued in their In-
clinationstoLoyalty, andReverence to-
Upon theſe Articles, ſign'd by the wards the Perſon of the King, had no
Earl of Eſſex, the Town was deliver'd Mind it ſhould beſiegè the very Place
on the 27th Day of April (being with where the King himſelf was ; and the
in a Fortnight after the Siege begun). Exrl of Eſex himſelf, who was yet the
and che Garriſon march'd to the King, Soul of the Army, had no Mind to that
who ſtay'd for them, and with him to Enterprize; and ſo the Army march’d,
Oxford. But at their coining out of as hath been ſaid, directly to Reading,
the Town, and paſſing through the with the Succeſs that is mention'd.
Enemy's Guards, the Soldiers were Though, at the Inſtant, the Par-
not only reviled, and reproachfully liament was highly pleas’d with the
77
Uuu
gun to march.
gets
262
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
getting the Town, and the King as Baggage, if the Enemy agreed to
well contented, when he ſaw his en- thole Conditions. I have not known
tire Garriſon ſafely joyn'd to the reſt the King more afflicted, than he was
of his Army (for it cannot be denied with that Clauſe, which he call'd no
the Joy was univerſal through the leſs, then giving up thoſe poor Men,
King's Quarters, upon the Aſſurance who out of Conſcience of their Rebellion,
that they had recover'd near four thou- bad betaken themſelves to his Prote&tion,
ſand gocd Men, whom they had gi- to be maſſacred and murder'd by the
ven for loft) yet, according to the Vin Rebels, whom they had deſerted; and
ciſſitudes in War, when the Accounts for the Vindication of himſelf therein,
were caſt up, either Party grew quick- he immediately publiſh'd a Proclama-
ly diſſatisfied with its Succeſs. The' tion, in which he took Notice of that
King was no ſooner return'd to Oxford, Clauſe, and declar'd to all the World,
but upon Conference between the Offi- that he was not privy to, or in the
cers and Soldiers, there grew a Whil- leaſt Degree complying to that Ex-
per, That there had not been fair Car- ception.
riage, and that Reading had been be But notwithſtanding all the Defence
tray'd, and from thence made a Noiſe the Colonet could make for himſelf,
through Oxford; and at the very next though there was not indeed any Coo
Day, and at the ſame Time, Colonel lour of Proof, that he had acted any
Fielding, upon whom the Diſcourſes Thing treacherouſly, he was, upon an
reflected, came to the King to deſire, Article, for not obeying Orders (for in
Xhat an Account might be taken of the this Agitation he had receiv'd ſome
whole Buſineſs at a Council of War. for ſuch, which he had not preciſely ob-
his Vindication; and the Coinmon Sol- ſerv'd) ſentenced to loſe bis Head ;
diers, in a diſorderly Manner, To re- which Judgment, after long and great
quire Juſtice against Him for betraying, Interceſſion, was, in the End, remit-
and delivering up the Town to the Re- ted by the King; but his Regiment
bels; which they avow'd with fo diſpoſed to another ; and he never
much Confidence, with the Mention reſtor’d to that Command. And
of fome Particulars, as that his Ma- though he had been always before of an
jeſty gave preſent Order for his Com- unblemiſh'd Reputation for Honeſty,
mitment and Trial at a Court of War; and Courage ; and had heartily been
the King himſelf being marvellouſly engaged from the Beginning of the
incenſed againſt him, for that Clauſe Troubles, and been hurt in the Ser-
in the third Article, which gave Li- vice, and he appear'd afterwards as a
berty to all who were accidentally Voluntier, with the ſame Courage, in
come to the Town, and ſhut up by a the moſt perilous Actions, and ob-
Siege, to paſs without Interruption, tain'd a principal Command in ano-
wherein there was an Exception of ther of the King's. Armies, he never.
ſuch Perſons who had run away from recover'd the Misfortune and Blemiſh
the Earl of Eſſex's Army, and by of this Imputation. And yet Imuſt
virtue of that Exception ſone Soldiers profeſs for my Part, being no Stran-
were taken after the rendering of the ger to what was then alledg’d, and
Town, and were executed.
prov'd on either Party, I do believe
And though the Colonel excuſed him to have been free from
any
baſei
himſelf, As being no more concern’d to Compliance with the Enemy, or any
anſwer for the Articles, than every cowardly Declenſion of what was rea:
Member of the Council of War, by ſonable to be attempted. So fatal are
which they were agreed; yet it was al- all Misfortunes, and ſo difficult a
ledged, That the Council of War had Thing it is to play an after-Game of
been induced to conſent to thoſe Articles, Reputation, in that nice and jealous
upon the Colonel's Averment, that the Profeſſion.
King bad ſeen them, and approv'd of The Inconveniences, and Miſchiefs,
them. Whereas his Majeſty had ne- that reſulted to the King from this
ver ſeen any Articles in Writing, but Accident, were greater than were at
only conſented, that they Thould that Time taken Notice of, for from
parch zway with their Arms and this, the Factions in Court, Army, and
Ciry
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 263
City (which afterwards grew very trou- tended to be kept. It is moſt certain,
bleſome to the King) were dated, and that the King himſelf was ſo far from
took their Originals great Animoſities believing the Condition he was in to
grew between the Officers of the Army; be tolerable, that upon the News of
fome being thought to have been too paf- the Earl of Efex's Advance towards
fionate, and ſollicitous in the Proſecu- Oxford, within four or five Days after
tion of the Colonel, and too much to the Loſs of Reading ; he once re-
have countenanced the Rage and Fury ſolvid, and that by the Advice of the
of Common Soldiers in demanding chief Officers of his Army, to march
Juſtice on their Officer ; for ſome ſuch a way towards the North, to joyn with
à kind of Clamour it begun. Others the Earl of Newcaſtle. And if the
again were as much condemnd for à Earl of Eſex had, at that Time, but
palpable avow'd Protection of him, made any Shew of moving with his
thereby to ſhew their Power, that a whole Body that Way, I đo verily
Perſon they favour'd, ſhould not ſuf. perſwade myſelf, Oxford itſelf, and all
fer ; and of both theſe, fome were the other Garriſons of thoſe Parts, had
more violent than they ſhould have been quitted to them ; but thoſe Fears
been ; which ſeveral Inclinations equal- were quickly compoſed, by an Afſu-
ly poffeſs'd the Court, ſome believing rance of the Earl's Stay at Reading;
that he was really guilty of Treachery, and that he was not in a Poſture for a
though not ſo clearly prov'd ; and preſent March, and that his Numbers
therefore that, being within the Mer- had been . ſhrewdly leſſen'd by the
cy of the Law, upon another Article, Siege ; whereupon the King reſolvid
no Mercy ought to be ſhew'd to him: to abide him, and give him Battle a-
others as really ſuppoſing him innoc. bout Oxford, if he advanced ; and,
cent, and therefore thinking it great in the mean Time, encamped his Foot
Pity, ſeverely to take the Forfeiture, upon the Down, about a Mile from
upon ſuch a Point, as few Officers of Abingdon ; which was the head Quar-
the Army did not know themſelves ter for his Horſe.
guilty in Theſe ſuppoſing the for When the Seaſon of the Year grew
mer too full of Rigour, and Uncha- ripe for taking the Field, the Earl of
ritableneſs.;, and they again accuſing Elfex found that his too early March
the other of too much Lenity, and In- had nothing advanced his Affairs; the
dulgence; whilft many Gentlemen of Soldiers having perform'd ſo ſtrict
Honour, and Quality, whoſe Fortunes Duty, and lodging upon the Ground,
ivere embark'd with the King, grew in Froſt and Rain, before Reading,
excremely jealous, that the Parlia- had produced great Sickneſs and Dir-
ment had corrupted ſome of the King's eaſes in his Army, which had waſted
Officers with Rewards; and that o. abundance of his Men; ſo that he
thers had Power to protect them from rather wanted another Winter Quar-
Puniſhment, and Diſcovery; and the ter to recover, and recruit his Men,
Soldiers again as much incenſed, that than an Opportunity to engage them in
their Lives muſt be ſacrificed, upon Action ; which he found would be too
Caſual and Accidental Treſpaſſes, to often adminiſter'd.
He ſent daily
the Animoſity and Jealouſy of thoſe Importunities to the Parliament for
who run not the ſame Dangers with Supplies of all kinds, which they were
them,
not enough furniſhed with to ſatisfy
But theſe Indiſpoſitions, and Di- him ; new Diviſions and Animoſitie's
itempers, were the Effects of the Exi- aroſe there, to perplex their Counſels.
gents of that Time (I wiſh the Hu- Their Triumph upon the taking of
mours had been impair'd when the Redding, which they had celebrated
Times thended) and very many who with loud Feſtivity, and made the
ſaw the King's Condition very low in City believe that all thoſe Benefits
an Inſtant, and believ'd the Rebels to would attend it, which they knew
be moſt flouriſhing, would look no would be moſt grateful to them, ap-
farther for a Reaſon, than the Loſs of pear'd now without any Fruit; the
Reading ; though they had all ſtill King had all his Forces and Army en-
but the Town; which was never in- tire, and had only loſt a Town that he
ever
264
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Ahme
's
never meant to keep, and wliich they accordingly) for the Apprehenſion,
knew not what to do with ; and was and Commitment of the Gentleman
now ready to come into the Field, who brought the Meſſage ; and de-
when theirs was deftitute of Health, clared, That they would proceed against
and all thoſe Accommodations, which hinz at a Council of War, upon the
muſt enable them-to march: And Order formerly made by them when
their General, every Day reiterated the Treaty' was at Oxford, That any
his Complaints, and reproach'd them Perſon coming from Oxford without
with the unſkilful Orders they had ſent their General's Paſs, or one from the
him, by which, againſt all the Ad- Houſes, ſhould be puniſk'd as a Spy; to
vice and Arguments he had given which Order as the Peers never con-
them, he was reduced to that Extre- fented, ſo the King had never, till this
mity.
Commitment, Notice of it ; and
Whilſt both Armies lay quiet, the themſelves, after the making it, had
one about Reading, the other about fent ſeveral Meſſengers to the King,
Abingdon or Oxford, without attempt- without any Formality of Paſs or
ing one upon the other, or any Action, Trumpet.
ſave ſome ſmall Enterprizes by Parties The Lords did what they could,
(in which the King got Advantage ; publickly and privately, to difſwade
as particularly the young Earl of Nor. this Courſe but they could not pre-
thampton fortunately encounter'd a vail : The Houſe of Commons find-
Party of Horſe and Foot from Nor- ing that the very Imagination that a
thampton, which thought themſelves Peace might be concluded, infinitely,
ſtrong enough to attempt upon Ban- retarded their carrying on the War,
bury : But he having routed their and made not only thoſe who were yet
Horſe, kill'd above two hundred of free, not eaſy to be drawn in; but
their Foot, and took as many more many who were engaged, remifs, and
Priſoners, moſt whereof were ihrewd. willing to retire.; therefore they're-
Ty hurt, the young Earl that Day fa- foly'd to... proceed with that Vigour,
crificing to the Memory of his Father) and Reſolution, that no reaſonable
the King receiv'd, from the Earl of Man ſhould believe it poffible for the
Newcaſtle, by a ſtrong Party of Horſe, King to gain a Peace but by feducing
a good and ample Supply of Ammu- them, which ſeem'd at leaſt equally
nition; the Want whereof all Men impoſſible. To this Purpoſe, inſtead
with great Horror. of returning any Anſwer to the King's
As ſoon as this was arriv'd, and the Meffage, within three Days after
King had heard, that his Armies, the receiving it, they impeach'd the
both in the North, and Weſt, tegnn Queen of High Treaſon, for aſiſting
to flouriſh, and thought himſelf well the King her Huſband with Arms and
provided to encounter the Earl of Es- Ammunition, in the Proſecution of the
fex, if he deſired it ; his Majeſty re- War againſt them; an Attempt. as un-
folv'd once more to try, whether the heard of among all the Acts of their
two Houſes would incline to a rea- Predeceſſors, and as ſurprizing as any
ſonable Peace, and to that Purpoſe Thing they had yet ventured upon.
ſent a Meſſage to them by an expreſs There had been, fome Months be-
Servant of his own.
fore, a Deſign of Prince Rupert upon
Which Meſſage was receiv'd by the the City of Briſtol, by Correſpondence
Houſe of Peers (to whom it was die with ſome of the chief Inhabitants of
rected) with all Demonſtration of Re- the City, who were weary of the Ty.
ſpect, and Duty, and the Meſſenger 'ranny of the Parliament, but it had
very civilly intreated by them ; but been ſo unhappily carrieợly that, when
when they communicated it to the the Prince was near the Town, with
Houſe of Commons, and deſired their ſuch a Party of Horſe and Foot, as
Concurrence in preparing an Addreſs he made Choice of, it was diſcover'd,
to the King ſuitable to his gracious In- and. many principal Citizens appre-
vitation, that Houſe was to far from hended by Nathaniel Fiennes, Son to the
concurring with them, that they gave Lord Say, and then Governor of that
immediate Order (which was executed City for the Parliament; at this Time,
pecial!
look'd upon
$
!

3
1
One
e mora
General FAIRFAX with
his FORCES before the City of
~ OXFORD
:
1
1
1
1
ça
in the Reign of King CHARLES II.
205
ſpecial Direction and Order was ſent lue that People at the Rate they did
thither, That he ſhould, with all Sere- ſet upon themſelves; and being with-
rity, and Expedition, preceed againſt ouć any other Affection for their Ser-
thoſe Gonfpirators ;. (as they called vice, than their Pay inclined him to,
them) and thereupon, by a Sentence he reſolvid to quit them, and go to
and Judgment of a Council of War, the King; in order to which, he had
Alderman Yeomans, who had been kept Correſpondence with the Earl of
High Sheriff of the City, and of great Brainford, the King's General; under
Reputation in it, and George Bourchier, whoſe Command he had formerly
another Citizen of principal Account, ſerv'd in Germany. Whilſt the Earl
were. (againſt all Interpoſition his Ma- of Elex remain'd at Thame, and his
jeſty could make) both hanged ; and Army quarter'd thereabour. Hurry
all other imaginable Acts done, to let came to Oxford, in Equipage. that be-
all the World ſee that there was no came a Colonel of Horſe, who had
Way to Peace but by the Sword. receiv'd good Pay; and the very next
But to proceed : The Earl of Elex, Day after he came, having been very
by the great Decay and Şickneſs of his graciouſly receiv'd by the King, io
Army, was not, in near fix Weeks, give Proof that he brought his whole
able to remove from Reading ; by Heart with him, he went to Prince
which many Men concluded, which Rupert, acquainting him where the
could not be reaſonably foreſeen, that Parliament Horſe lay, and how looſe
if Reading had held out many Days they were in their Quarters; and to
longer, he would have been compelled give a Teſtimony of his Fidelity to the
to raiſe his Siege ; and that was the King, he deſir'd to march a Voluntier
Reaſon the Earl gave for granting ſo with a good Party, to make an At-
good Conditions : For if he could tempt upon the Enemy; and the
have ſtayed longer before it, he well Prince aſſigning a ſtrong Party for the
knew, they muſt have yielded on Service, he accompanied, and con-
worſe Terms; neither feared he the ducted them out of the Common
King would be able to relieve it. In Road, till they came to a Town,
the End, there being no other Way where a Regiment of the Parliament's
to quiet the City of London, he Horſe was quarter'd; which they beat
march'd towards Oxford ; but, in up, and kill'd, or took, moſt of the
truth, rather to ſecure Buckinghamſhire, Officers and Soldiers ; and then fell
which was now infeſted by the King's upon thoſe other Quarters, by which
Horſe, than to diſquiet that Place. they had paſſed before, with the like
And to that Purpoſe, he fixed his Succeſs ; fo return'd to Oxford with
head Quarter at Thame, ten Miles from many Priſoners, and with notable
Oxford, and upon the very Edge of Damage to the Enemy.
the other County.
As ſoon as he return'd, he made a-
In the Beginning of the War, the nother Propoſition to the Prince for
Army in Scotland having been lately the attacking the Quarters near Thamé ;
diſbanded, many Officers of that Na- through which he paſs’d, when he
tion, who had fery'd in Germany and came to Oxford, and ſo was well ac-
France, betook themſelves to the Ser- quainted with the Poſture in which
vice of the Parliament; whereof di. they were, and aſſured the Prince,
vers were Men of good Conduct, and That, if he went about it Time enough,
Courage ; though there were more as before. there ſhould be any Alteration in
bad as the Cauſe in which they engag- their Quarters, which he believ'd the Ge-
ed. Of the former Sort, Colonel neral would quickly. mdke, the Enter-
Hurry was a Man of Name and Repu- priſe would ſucceed. The Prince was ſo
tation, and an excellent Officer of well fatisfied with what he had already
Horſe, and had commanded thoſe done, that he reſolv'd to conduct the
Horſe at Edge-Hill
, under Balfour, next Adventure himſelf, which he did
which had preſerv'd their Army there; very fortunately. They went out of the
and finding himſelf not ſo well re Ports of Oxford in the Evening upon
garded, as, he thought, he had de a Saturday, and march'd beyond all
ſervd, as it was no eaſy Thing to va the Quarters as far as Wickham, and
78
XXX
fell
266
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
fell in there at the farther End of the fit, in that Field to receive the Ene-
Town towards London, from whence my; which made more Hafte, and
no Enemy was expected, and ſo no with leſs Order than they ſhould have
Guards were kept there. A Regiment done ; and being more in Number
of Horſe and of Foot, were lodged than the Prince, and conſiſting of ma-
there, which were cut off, or taken ny of the principal Officers, who hav-
Priſoners ; and all the Horſes, and a ing been preſent with the Earl of Ef-
good Booty brought away. From fex, when the Alarm came, ſtayed
thence they march'd backward to ano not for their own Troops, but joyn'd
ther Quarter, within leſs than two with thoſe who were ready in the Pur-
Miles of the General's own Quarters; fuit, as they thought, of a flying E-
where his Men lodged with the fame nemy, or ſuch as would eaſily be ar-
Security they had done at Wickham, reſted in their hafty Retreat ; and,
not expecting any Enemy that Way; having now overtaken them, meant
and fo met with the ſame Fate the o to take Revenge themſelves for the
thers had done ; and were all killd, Damage they had receivid that Night,
or made Priſoners.' Thus having per- and Morning, before the General
form’d, at leaſt as much as they had could come up to have a Share in the
propoféd to do, and being laden with Victory, though his Troops were even
Priſoners, and Booty, and the Sun be- in View. But the Prince entertain'd
ing now riſing, the Prince thought it them fo roughly, that though they
Time to retire to Oxford, and gave charged him very bravely and obfti-
Orders to march accordingly with all nately, being many of their beſt Ofi-
convenient Speed; till they ſhould cers, of which the chiefeft falling, the
come to a Bridge, which was yet two reſt ſhew'd leſs Vigour, in a ſhort
Miles from them, where he had ap- Time they broke, and Aed, and were
pointed a Guard to attend, to favour purſued till they came near the Earl of
their Retreat.
Eſex's Body; which being at near a
But the Alarm had been brought to Miles Diſtance, and making a Stand
the Earl of Eſſex, from all the Quar- to receive their flying Troops, and to
ters, who quickly gathered thoſe be inform'd of their Diſaſter, the
Troops together, which were neareſt; Prince with his Troops haſten'd his
and directed thoſe to follow the Prinee, Retreat, and pafs’d the Lane, and
and to entertain him in Skirmiſhes, came ſafe to the Bridge before any of
till himſelf ſhould come up with the the Earl's Forces came up; who found
Foot, and ſome other Troops; which it then to no Purpoſe to go farther,
he made all poſſible Haſte to do. So there being a good Guard of Foot,
that when the Prince had almoſt paſs’d which had likewiſe lined both Sides
a fair Plain, or Field, call'd Chal- of the Hedges a good way in the
grave Field, from whence he was to Lane. Thus the Prince, about Noon,
enter a Lane, which continued to the or ſhortly after, enter'd Oxford, with
Bridge; the Enemies Horſe were diſ near two hundred Priſoners, ſeven
cover'd marching after them with Cornets of Horſe, and four Enfigns of
Speed ; and as they might eaſily over- Foot, with moſt of the Men he car-
take them in the Lane, ſo they muſt as ried from thence; few. only having
eaſily have put them into great Diſorder. been kill'd in the Actinn, whereof
Therefore the Prince refoly'd to ex- ſome were of Name.
pect, and ſtand them
upon
the
open
The Prince preſented Colonel Hur-
Field, though his Horſe were all tired, ry to the King with a great Teſtimo-
and the Sun was grown very hot, it ny of the Courage he had ſhew'd
being about eight of the Clock in the in the Action, as well as of his Coun-
Morning in June.
fel, and Conduct in the whole; which
He then directed, That the Guard was very dextrous, and could have
of the Priſoners ſhould make what Haſte been perform’d by no Man, who
they could to the Bridge, but that all had not been very converſant in the
the reſt foculd return; for ſome were en- Quarters of thoſe he deſtroyed. Up-
ter'd the Lane : And ſo he placed on which the King honour'd him
himſelf and his Troops, as he thought with Knighthood, and a Commiſſion
+
to
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
267
to raiſe a Regiment of Horſe; and e vere Cenſure upon him before the
very Body magnified and extolled Troubles, and for which he had ſtill
him, as they uſually do a Man who meditated Revenge. One of the Pri-
hath good Luck, and the more, be- foners taken in the Action, ſaid, That
cauſe he was a Scotch-Man, and pro- he was confident Mr. Hambden was
feſs'da Repentance for having been in hurt, for he ſaw him ride off before the
Rebellion againſt the King. He de Action was done, which he never uſed
ſerves this Teſtimony and Vindication to do, with his Head hanging down, and
to be given him, againſt the Calum- reſting bis Hands upon the Neck of his
nies which were raiſed againſt him, Horſe ; by which he concluded be was
as if he had broken his Truft, and de- burt. The News the next Day made
feried the Service of the Parliament, the Victory much more important,
and betrayed them to the King, which than it was thought to have been.
is not true.
He had own'd, and pub. There was full Information brought of
lith'd his Diſcontents long before, the great Loſs the Enemy had ſuf-
and demanded Redreſs, and Juftice, tain'd in their Quarters, by which
in fome Particulars from the Parlia- three or four Regiments were utterly
ment, in which the Earl of Elex broken and loft: The Names of ma-
thought he had Reaſon; and wiſh'd he ny Officers, of the beſt Account, were
might receive Satisfaction.
But the known, who were either kill'd upon
Man was in his Nature proud, and the Place, or ſo hurt as there remain'd
imperious; had raiſed many Enemies; little Hope of their Recovery..
was a Man of Licenſe, and commit Among the Priſoners, there were
ted many Diſorders of that kind. He taken Colonel Sheffield, a younger Son
was however a good Officer in the of the Earl of Mulgrave, and one Co-
Field ; regular and vigilant in march: lonel Beckly a Scotch-man ; who, being
ing, and in his Quarters; which the both viſibly wounded, acted their
Parliament thought other Men would Hurts ſo well, and pretended to be ſo
attain to, who had fewer Vices ; and ready to expire, that upon their Pa-
therefore granted nothing that he had roles neither to endeavour nor endure
deſired, upon which he declared, he a Reſcue, they were ſuffer'd to reſt at
would ſerve then no longer and deli a private Houſe in the Way, within a
ver'd up his Commiſſion to the Earl of Mile of the Field, till their Wounds
Efex; and then being preſs'd to pro. ſhould be dreſs’d, and they recover ſo
miſe, that he would not ſerve the much Strength as to be able to render
King ;' he poſitively refuſed to give themſelves Priſoners at Oxford. But
any ſuch Engagement ; and after he the King's Forces were no ſooner
had ſtayed in London about a Month, gone, than they found Means to ſend
and had receiv'd Encouragement from to their Comrades, and were the next
ſome Friends in Oxford, he came thi- Day ſtrong enough, to ſuffer them-
ther in the Manner ſet down before. ſelves to be removed to Thame, by a
The Prince's Succeſs in this laſt ſtrong Party ſent from the Earl of El-
March was very ſeaſonable, and raiſed ſex; and, between denying that they
the Spirits at Oxford very much, and had promiſed, and ſaying, that they
for ſome Time allayed the Jealouſies, would perform it, they never ſubmit-
and Animoſities, which too often ted themſelves to be Priſoners, as much
broke out in ſeveral Factions to the againſt the Law of Arnis, as their
Diſquiet of the King. It was viſibly taking Arms was againſt their Alle-
great in the Number of the Priſoners'; giance. But that which would have
whereof many were of Condition, and been look’d upon as a conſiderable Re -
the Names of many Officers were compence for a Defeat, could not buc
known, who were left dead upon the be thought a great Addition to the
Field, as Colonel Gunter, who was Victory, which was the Death of Mr.
look'd upon as the beſt Officer of Hamzden ; who, being ſhot into the
Horſe they had, and a Man of known Shoulder with a Brace of Bullets,
Malice to the Government of the which brake' the Bone, within three
Church; which had drawn ſome fe- Weeks after died with extraordinary
Pain;
268
The Hiſtory of tle Rebellion
Pain ; to as great a conſternation of like that in other Places ; for notivith-
all that Party; as if their whole Army ſtanding thoſe extraordinary Obliga-.
had been defeated or cut off.
tions of Oaths, and receiving the Sa-
Many Men obſerv'd (as upon ſig. crament, Circumſtances in no other
nal Turns of great Affairs, as this was, Treaty, the Parliament no ſooner
ſuch Obſervations are frequently made) fent their Votes, and Declarations to
that the Field in which the late Skir- them (the fame which are before
miſh was, and upon which Mr. Hamb- mention'd upon the Treaties in York-
den receiv'd his Deaths Wound, Chal- jhire, and Cheſhire) and ſome Mem-
grave Field, was the ſame Place in bers of their own to overlook and per-
which he had firſt executed the Ordi- plex them, but all peaceable Inclina-
nance of the Militia, and engaged that tions were laid aſide ; ſo that the
County, in which his Reputation was Night before the Expiration of the
very great, in this Rebellion : And Treaty and Ceffation, James Chudleigh
it was confeſs’d by the Priſoners that the Major General of the Rebels,
were taken that Day, and acknow- brought a ſtrong Party of Horſe and
ledged by all, that upon the Alarm Foot within two Miles of Launceſton,
that Morning, after their Quarters the Head Quarter of the Corniſh, and
were beaten up, he was exceeding fol- the very next Morning, the Ceffation
licitous to draw Forces together to pur not being determin'd till after twelve
ſue the Enemy; and, being a Colonel of the clock in the Night, march'd
of Foot, put himſelf among thoſe upon the Town, where they were not
Horſe as a Voluntier, who were firſt ſufficiently provided for them. For
ready; and that when the Prince made though the Commanders of the Cor-
a Stand, all the Officers were of Opi- niſ had employ'd their Time, as uſe-
nion to ſtay till their Body came up, fully as they could, during the Ceffa-
and he alone (being ſecond to none tion, in preparing the Gentry of that.
but the General himſelf in the Obſerv. Country, and all the Inhabitants, to
ance and Application of all Men) per- ſubmit to a weekly Tax for the Sup-
ſwaded and prevailed with them to port of that Power, which defended
advance ; fo violently did his Fate car them ; over and above which, the
ry him, to pay the Mulet in the Place Gentlemen, and Perſons of Quality,
where he had committed the Tranſ- freely brought in all their Plate to be
greſſion, about a Year before. diſpoſed of to the Publick; and
The Earl of Ellex's Army was ſo though they foreſaw, after the Com-
weaken’d by theſe Defeats, and more mittee of Parliament came into the
by the Sickneſs that had wafted it, Country, that the Treaty would con-
that it was not thought ſafe to remain clude without Fruit, and therefore
longer ſo near his unquiet and reſtleſs Sir Ralph Hopton, and Sir Bevil Green-
Enemies. The Factions, and Animo- vil repair'd to Launceſton the Day be-
ſities at London, required his Preſence fore the Expiration of the Treaty, to
there ; and he thought the Army meet any Attempt ſhould be made up-
would be tooner recruited there, than pon them : Yet, being - to feed and
at ſo great a Diſtance ; ſo that he pay their ſmall Forces out of one
march'd directly from Theme to Lon- County, they had been compelld to
dor, where he found Jealouſy and quarter their Men at a great Diſtance,
Contention enough; leaving his Army that no one Part might be more op-
quarter'd about St: Alban's. Whilſt preſs'd than was neceſſary ; ſo that all
the Affairs of the Parliament were in that was done the firſt Day, was by
this Diſtraction, the King recover'd the Advantage of Paſſes, and lining
great Reputation ; and the Seaſon of of Hedges, to keep the Enemy in Ac-
the Year being fit for Action, all Dif- tion, till the other Forces came up;
contents, and Factious Murmurings, which they ſeaſonably did, towards
were adjourn'd to the next Winter.
the Evening; and then the Enemy,
The End of the Treaty, in which · who receiv'd great Loſs in that Action,
we left the chief Commanders of the grew ſo heartleſs, that in the Night
Corniſh Forces, with Commiſſioners they retir'd to O
ton, fifteen
of the other Western Counties was Miles from the Place of their Skirmiſh.
After
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
269
1
.
After which many finall Skirmiſhes theię Power) eaſily now reſolv'd to
enſued for many Days, with various aſſault the Camp in the Abfence of
Succeſs ; ſometimes the Corniſh ad- their Horſe; and with this Reſolution,
vancing in Devon, and then retiring they march'd on Monday the fifteenth
again ; for it appear'd now, that a of May, within a Mile of the Enemy;
form’d Army was marching againſt being ſo deſtitute of all Proviſions,
them, ſo far ſuperior in Number, that that the beſt Officers had but a Bilket
there was no reaſonable Hope of Re a Man a Day, for two Days, the E-
ſiſtance.
nemy looking upon them as their own.
Towards the middle of May, the On Tueſday, the ſixteenth of May,
Earl of Stamford march'd into Corn- about five of the Clock in the Morn-
wal, by the North Part, with a Bodying, they diſpoſed themſelves to their
of fourteen hundred Horſe and Dra- Work; having ſtood in their Arms all
goons,
and five thouſand four hun- the Night. The Number of Foot
dred Foot by the Poll, with a Train was about two thouſand four hundred,
of thirteen Braſs Ordnance, and a which they divided into four Parts, and
Morter Piece, with a very plentiful agreed on their ſeveral Provinces.
Magazine of Victual, and Ammuni. The firſt was commanded by the Lord
tion, and every Way in as good an Mohun, and Sir Ralph Hopton ; who
Equipage as could be provided by undertook to affault the Camp on the
Men who wanted no Money; whilft South Side. Next them, on the left
the King's ſmall Forces, being not Hand, Sir John Berkley, and Sir Be-
half the Number, and unſupplied with vil Greenvil were to force their way;
every uſeful Thing, were at Laun- Sir Nicholas Slanning, and. Colonel
ceſton ; of whom the Enemy had ſo Irevannion were 'to affault the North
abſolute a. Contempt, , though they Side ; and, on the left Hand, Colonel
knew they were marching to them, Thomas Baſſet, who was Major Gene-
within fix or ſeven Miles, that they ral of their
Foot, and Colonel William
conſider'd only how to take them af- Godolphin, were to advance with their
ter they were diſperſed, and to pre-. Party; each Party having two Pieces
vent their running into Pendennis Ca- of Cannon to diſpoſe as they found
itle to give then farther Trouble. neceſſary : Colonel John Digby com-
To which Purpoſe having encamped manding, the Horſe and Dragoons,
themſelves upon the flat Top of a very being about five hundred, ſtood upon
high Hill,' to which the Aſcents were a fandy Common which had a Way
very ſteep every. Way, near Stratton,
to the Camp, to take any Advantage
being the only part of Cornwal emi- he could of the Enemy, if they
nently diſaffected to the King's Ser- charg'd; otherwiſe, to te firm, as a
vice, they ſent a Party of twelve hun- Reſerve.
dred Horſe and Dragoons, under the
In this Manner the Fight begun;
Command of Sir George Chudleigh, the King's Forces préffing, with their
Father to their Major General, to utmoſt Vigour, thoſe four Ways up
Bodmin to ſurprize the High Sheriff, the Hill, and the Enemies as obiti
and principal Gentlemen of the Coun- nately defending their Ground. The
try; and thereby, not only to prevent Fight continued with very doubtful
the coming up of any more Strength Succeſs, till towards three of the Clock
to the King's Party, but, under the in the Afternoon; when Word was
Awe of ſuch a Power of Horſe, to brought to the chief Officers of the
make the whole Country riſe for them. Corniſh, that the Ammunition was
This Deſign, which was not in itſelf ſpent to leſs than four Barrels of Pow-
unreaſonable, proved fortunate to the der; which (concealing the Defect
King. For his Forces which march'd from the Soldiers) they reſolv'd could
from Launceſton, with a Reſolution to be only ſupplied with Courage : And
fight with the Enemy, upon any Dif- therefore, by Meſſengers to one ano-
advantage of Place or Number (which, ther, they agreed to advance with their
how hazardous foever, carried leſs full Bodies, without making any more
Danger with it, than retiring into the Shot, till they reach'd the Top of the
County, or any Thing elſe that was in Hill, and ſo might be upon even
79
Ground
+
Y yy
270
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
3
Ground with the Enemy; wherein Hill) as ſoon as he ſaw the D.ly loft,
the Officer's Courage and Reſolution, and ſome ſay ſooner, made all imagi-
was ſo well ſeconded by the Soldiers, nable Haſte to. Exeter, to prepare
that they begun to get Ground in all them for the Condition they were
Places; and the Enemy, in Wonder ſhortly to expect.
of the Men, who outfaced their Shot The Conquerors as ſoon as they
with their Swords, to quit their Poft. had gain'd the Camp, and diſperſed
Major General Chudleigh, who or the Enemy, and after publick Prayers
der'd the Battle, failed in no Part of a upon the Place, and a ſolemn Thankſ-
Soldier; and when he ſaw his Men giving to Almighty God for their D2-
recoil from leſs Numbers, and the E- liverance and Vićtory, fent a imall
neniy in all Places gaining the Hill Party of Horſe to purſue the Enemy
upon him, himſelf advanced, with a for a Mile or two, not thinking fit to
good Stand of Pikes, upon that Party purſue farther, or with their whole
which was led by Sir John Berkly, and Body of Horſe, leſt Sir George ſhould
Sir Bevil Greenvil; and charg'd them return from Bodinin with his ſtrong
ſo ſmartly, that he put them into Dif- Body of Horſe and Dragoons, and
order ; Sir Bevil Greenvil, in the find them in Diſorder ; but contenting
Shock, being borne to the Ground, themſelves with the Victory they had
but quickly reliev'd by his Companion ; obtain'd upon the Place, which, in
they fo reinforced the Charge, that Subſtance as well as Circumſtance, was
having killd moſt of the Aſſailants
, as ſignal a one, as hath happen'd to
and diſperſed the reſt, they took the either Party ſince che unhappy Diſtrac-
Major General Priſoner, after he had tion; for on the King's Party were
behaved himſelf with as much Courage not loſt in all above fourſcore Men
as a Man could do. Then the Enemy whereof few were Officers, and none
gave Ground apace, inſomuch as the above the Degree of a Captain ; and
four Parties growing nearer and nearer though many more were hurt, not a-
as they äſcended the Hill, between bove ten Men died afterwards of their
three and four of the Clock, they all Wounds. On the Parliament Side,
met together upon one Ground near notwithſtanding their Advantage of
the Top of the Hill; where they em- Ground, and that the other were the
braced with unſpeakable Joy, each Affailants, above three hundred were
congratulating the others Succeſs, and Nain on the Place, and ſeventeen hun-
all acknowledging the wonderful Blef- dred taken Priſoners, with their Ma-
ſing of God, and being there pof- jor General, and above thirty other
feſs’d of ſome of the Enemies Cannon, Officers. They took likewiſe all their
they turn'd them upon the Camp, and Baggage and Tents, all their Cannon,
advanced together to perfect the Vic- being, as was ſaid before, thirteen
tory. Bụt the Enemy no ſooner un Pieces of Braſs Ordnance, and a Braſs
derſtood the Loſs of their Major Ge- Mortar-piece; all their Ammunition,
neral, but their Hearts fail'd them; being ſeventy Barrels of Powder, and
and being ſo reſolutely preſs’d, and all other Sorts of Ammunition propor-
their Ground loſt, upon the Security tionable, and a very great Magazine
and Advantage whereof, they wholly of Biſket, and other excellent Provi-
depended, ſome of them threw down ſions of Victuals; which was as ſeaſon-
their Arms, and others fled ; diſper- able a Bleſſing as the Victory, to thoſe
ſing themſelves, and every Man ſhift- who, for three or four Days before,
ing for himſelf: Their Géneral, the had ſuffer'd great Want of Food as
Earl of Stamford, giving the Example, well as Sleep; and were equally tired
who (having ſtood at a fafe Diſtance with Duty and Hunger. The Army
all the Time of the Battle, environ'd reſted that Night, and the next Day,
with all the. Horſe, which in ſmall at Stratton; all Care being taken by
Parties, though it is true their whole expreſs Meſſengers, to diſperſe the
Number was not above ſix or ſeven News of their Succeſs to all parts of
Score, might have done great Miſchief that Country, and to guard the Paſſes
to the ſeveral Parties of Foot, who upon the River Tamor, whereby to
with ſo much Difficulty ſcaled the ſteep hinder the Return of the Enemies
Horſe
:
in the Reign of King CHARLES II. 271
!
Horſe and Dragoons. But Sir George and one like to do the King good Ser.
Chudleigh had no ſooner, with great vice if he were recover'd to his Loy-
Triumph, diſperſed the High Sheriff, alty, that after he had been Priſoner
and Gentlemen, who intended to have about ten Days, he freely declar'd,
call'd the Posle Comitatus, according That he was convinced in bis Conſcience,
to their good Cuſtom, for the Afili- und Judgment, of the Errors hề bod
ance of the King's Party, and with committed; and, upon Promiſe made
little Reſiſtance, enter'd Bodmin, when to him of the King's Pardon, frankly
he receiv'd the fatal News of the Loſs Offer'd to joyn with them in his Ma-
of their Camp and Army at Stretton. jeſty's Service ; and ſo gave ſome
Upon which, with as much Hifte, Countenance to the Reproach that was
and Diſorder, as ſo great a Confterna- firſt moſt injuriouſly caſt upon him.
tion could produce among a People The King's Army, willing to re-
not acquainted with the Accidents of lieve their Friends of Cornwal, from
War, leaving many of his Men and the Burden which they ſuſtain'd ſo
Horſes a Prey to the Country People, patiently, haften’d their March into
himſelf, with as many as he could get, Devonſhire, not throughly reſolv'd
and keep together, got into Plymouth; whether to attack Plymouth, or Exeter,
and thence, without Interruption or or both; when Advertiſement came
Hazard, into Exeter.
to them, by an Expreſs
, from Oxford,
The Earl of Stamford, to make his That the King had ſent Prince Maurice,
own Conduct and Misfortune the leſs. and the Merquis of Hertford; with a
cenſur'd, induſtriouſly ſpread abroad very good Body of Horſe to joyn with
in all Places, and confidently ſent the theni, and that they were advanced to..
fame Information to the Parliament, wards them as far as Somerſetſhire ;
That he had been betray'd' by James and that Sir William Waller was de-
Chudleigh ; and that, in the Heat of ſign’d by the Parliament, to viſit the
the Battle, when the Hope of the Day West, with a new Army, which would
ſtood fair, " be had voluntarily, with a' receive a good Recruit from thiſe who
Party, run over to the Enemy, and in- eſcaped from the Battle of Stratton; So
mmediately charg'd the Parliament For- that it was 'neceffary for all the King's
ces; which begot in all Men a general Forces in thoſe Parts to be united in
Apprehenſion of Treachery, the Soldiers a Body, as ſoon as might be; hereup-
fearing their Officers, and the Officers on it was quickly reſolv'd to leave
their Soldiers Revolt; and thereupon ſuch a Party at Saltaſh, and Milbrook,
the Rout enſued. Whereas the Truth, as might defend faithful Cornwal from
is, as he was a young Man of excellent any Incurſions of Plymouth, and with
Parts, and Courage, he perform'd the their Army'to march Eaſtward; their
Part of a right good Commander, Number encreaſing daily upon the Re-
both in his Orders, and his Perſon ; putation of their new wonderful Vic-
and was taken Priſoner in the Body of tory; many Voluntiers coming to
his Enemy, whither he had charg'd thein out of Devonſhire, and very ma- ·
with undaunted Courage, when there ny of their Priſoners profeſſing they
was no other Expedient in Reaſon had been feduced, and freely offering
left. But this Scandal ſo without Co to ſerve the King againſt thoſe who
lour caſt on him, and entertain'd with had wrong'd both'; who, being en-,
more Credit than his Services had tertain'd under ſome of their own con-
merited (for from the Time of his verted Offieers, behaved themſelves
Engagement to the Parliament, he afterwards with great Honeſty and
had ferv'd not only with full Abi- Courage. And ſo making no-longer
lity, but with notable Succeſs, and was Stay by the Way, than was neceſſary
the only Man that had given any In- for the refreſhing of their Troops.
terruption to the Proſperity of the the Corniſh Army, for that was the
Corniſh Army) wrought ſo far upon Style it now carried, march'd by Ex-
the young Man, together with the eter, where the Earl of Stamford, with
kind Uſage and Reception he found a ſufficient Garriſon, then was ;
, and
as a Priſoner among the chief Officers, ſtaying only two or three Days to fix
who lov'd him as a gallant Enemy, ſmall Garriſons, whereby that Town,
full
1
!
272
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
full of Fear and Apprehenſion, might the ſuperior Power over thoſe Weita
be kept from having too great an In ern Counties, where his Fortune lay,
fuence upon ſo populous a County, and the Eſtimation, and Reverence of
advanced to Tiverton, where a Regi- the People to him was very great. So
ment of Foot of the Parliament, un- the Prince and the Marquis, with
der Colonel Ware, a Gentleman of the Prince Maurice's, the Earl of Care
that Country, had fix'd themſelves; narvon's, and Colonel Thomas How-
hoping Sir William Waller would be ard's Regiments of Horſe (the Earl
as ſoon with them for their Relief, as being General of the Cavalry.) ad-
the Corniſh would be to force them; vanced into the Weſt; and ſtayingon-
which Regiment being eaſily diſperſ- ly ſome few Days at Saliſbury, and af-
ed, they ſtay'd there to expect new. ter in Dorſetſhire, whilſt ſome - new
Orders from the Marquis of Hert- Regiments of Horfe and Foot, which
ford.
were levying by the Gentlemen in
When the Loſs of Reading was well thoſe Parts, came up to them, made
digeſted, and the King underſtood all convenient Haſte into Somerſetſhire,
the declining Condition of the Earl of being deſirous to joyn with the cor-
Elex's Army, and that he would ei.. niſl, as foon as might be; preſuming
ther not be able to advance, or not in they ſhould be then beft able to perfect
ſuch a Manner, as would give him their new Levies, when they were out
much Trouble at Oxford; and hearing of Apprehenſion of being diſturbed by
in what proſperous State his hopeful. a more powerful Force. For Sir Wil.
Party in Cornwal ſtood, whither the liam Waller was already march'd out'
Parliament was making all Haſte to of London, and uſed not to ſtay longer
fend Sir William Waller, to check : by the Way than was unavoidably ne-
their good Succeſs ; his Majeſty re- . ceffary.
folv'd to ſend the Marquis of Hertförd . In the Marquis's firſt Entrance inta'
into thoſe Parts, the rather becauſe the Weſt, he had an unſpeakable i
there were many of the prime Gentle : Loſs, and the King's Services à fàr.
men of Wiltſhire, Dorſetſbire, and Sou. greater, by the Death of Mr. Rogers,
mèrſetſhire, who .confidently under.' a-Gentleman of a rare Temper, and
took, if the Marquis went through excellent Underſtanding; whó beſides
thoſe Counties, with ſuch a Strength that he had a great Intereſt in the
as they ſuppoſed the King would ſpare · Marquis, being his Couſin-German,
to him, they would in a very ſhort and ſo out of that private Relation, as
Time raiſe ſo conſiderable a Power, : well as Zeal to the Publick, paſſionate-
as to oppoſe any Force the Parliament ly inclined to advance, the Service,
ſhould be able to ſend. When the had a wonderſul great Influence upon
Marquis was ready for his Journey, the County of Dorſet, for which he
News arriv'd of the great Victory at, ſerv'd as one of the Knights of Parlia-
Stratton ; ſo that there was no Dangerment; and had ſo well deſign'd all :
of the Marquis's being able to joyn i Things there, that Poole, and Lyme
with that little Corniſh Army ; and (two Port-Towns in that County,
then there would appear indeed a viſi. which gave the King afterwards much
ble Body worthy the Name of an Ar- Trouble) if he had liv’d, had been
This put fome Perſons upon undoubtedly reduced. But by his
deſiring, that Prince Maurice (who Death all thoſe Hopes were cancellid,
was yet in 'no other Commands than the ſurviving Gentry of that Shire be.
a private Colonel of Horſe, but had ing, how well affected ſoever, ſo un-
always behav'd himſelf with great active, that the Progreſs, that was
Courage and Vigilance) might be that Year made there to the King's
likewiſe diſpoſed into a Command of Advantage, ow'd little to their Amit-
that Army. Hereupon the King af-
fign'd him, and his Highneſs willing About the middle of June, Prince
ly accepted to be Lieutenant General Maurice, and the Marquis, with ſix-
under the Marquis ; who, for many teen or ſeventeen hundred Horſe, and
Reaſons, beſides that he was actually about one thouſand new levied Foot,
poffefsid of it, was thought fit to have and ſeven or eight Field-Pieces came
5
my.
ance.
to
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
273
Edge of Devonſhire ; where they were Portmans, two Miles from the Town,
met by the Corniſh Army; which con but the Town fent two of their ſub
ſiſted of above three thouſand excel- ftantial Inhabitants to treat ; which,
lent Foot, five hundred Horſe, and though nothing was concluded, ſtruck
three hundred Dragoons, with four that Terror into the Garriſon, that
or five Field-Pieces, ſo that, Officers the Garriſon fled out of the Town to
and all, being joyn'd, they might Bridgwater, being a leſs Town, but
well paſs for an Army of ſeven thou- of a much ſtronger Situation, and;
fand Men ; with an excellent Train of with the ſame panick Fear, the next
Artillery, and a very fair Proportion Day from thence; ſo that the Ma
of Ammunition of all Sorts, and ſo quis was poſſeſs’d, in three Days, of
good a Reputation, that they might Taunton, Bridgwater, and Dunſtar-
well promiſe. themſelves a quick In- Caſtle, ſo much ſtronger than both
creaſe of their Numbers. Yet if the the other, that it could not have been
extraordinary Temper and Virtue of forced; yet by the Dexterity of Fran-
the Chief Officers of the Corniſh had cis Windham, who wrought upon the
not been much ſuperior to that of their Fears of the Owner and Maſter of it,
Common Soldiers, who valued them- Mr. Lutterel, was, with as little Blood:
ſelves high, as, the Men whoſe Cov- ſhed as the other, deliver'd up to the
rage had alone. vindicated the King's King; into which the Marquis put
Cauſe in the Weſt, there might have him, who took it; as Governor; as he
been greater Diſorder at their firſt joyn- well deſerv’d.
ing, than could eaſily have been compo The Government of Taunton he
ſed. For how ſmall loever the Marquis's committed to Sir John Stawel, a Gen-
Party was in Numbers, it was ſupplied tleman of a very great Fſtate in thoſe
with all the General Officers of a Roy- Parts , who, from the Beginning,
al Army, a General, Lieutenant Ge- had heartily and perſonally engaged
neral, General of the Horſe, General himſelf and his Children for the Kingi
of the Ordnance, a Major General of and was in the firſt Form of thoſe
Horſe, another of Foot, without kccps who had made themſelves obnoxious
ing ſuitable Commands for thoſe who' to the Parliament. The other Go-
had done all that was paſſed, and were vernment, of Bridgwater, was con-
to be principally relied on for what ferr'd upon Edmund Windham, Highi
So that the chief Offi- Sheriff of the County, being a Gentle-
cers of the Corniſh Army, by joyning man of a Fortune near the Place, and
with a much leſs Party than them- of a good perſonal Courage, and un-
ſelves, 'were at beſt in the Condition queſtionable Affection to the Cauſe.
of private Colonels. Yet the ſame The Army ſtayed about Taunton ſeveni
Publick Thoughts ſtill ſo abſolutely or eight Days, for the ſettling thoſe
prevail'd with them, that they quieted Garriſons, and to receive Advertiſe.
all Murmurings, and Emulations a ments of the Motion, or Station of
mong inferior Officers, and common the Enemy; in which Time they loſt
Soldiers ; and were with equal Can- much of the Credit, and Reputation,
dour and Eſtimation, valued by the they had with the Country. For
Prince and Marquis, who bethought whereas the chief Commanders of the
themſelves of all Expedients, which Corniſh Army, had reſtraind their
might prevent any future Miſunder- Soldiers from all manner of Licence;
ſtanding.
obliging them to ſolemn, and frequent
Taunton was the firſt place they re Actions of Devotion, inſomuch as the
ſolv'd to viſit, being one of the largeſt Fame of their Religion, and Diſci-
and richeſt Towns in Somerſetſhire; pline, was no leſs than of their Cou-
but withal, as eminently affected to rage, and thereupon Sir Ralph Hopton
the Parliament, where they had now was greedily expected in his own
a Garriſon; but they had not yet the Country, where his Reputation was
ſame Courage they recover'd after- ſecond to no Man's; the Horſe, that
wards. For the Army was no ſooner now came with the Marquis, having
drawn near the Town, the head Quar- lived under a looſe Diſcipline, and
ters being at Orchard, a Houſe of the coming now into plentiful Quarters,
unvi-
was to come.
81
Z z z
24
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
upon himſelf.
unviſited by an Army, eminent for though they could not eaſily recruit
their Diſaffection, were diſorderly e their Army, they would ſend ſome
nough to give the Enemy Credit in Troops of Horſe and Dragoons, into
laying more to their Charge than they the Weſt, to keep up the Spirits of
deferv'd; and by their Licenſe hin- their Friends there: And for the Cona
der'd thoſe orderly Levies, which duct of this Service, they made Choice
ſhould have brought in a Supply of of Sir William Waller, a Member of
Money, for the regular Payment of the Houſe of Commons, and a Gen-
the Army. This Extravagancy pro- tleman of a Family in Kent,
duced another Miſchief, ſome Jealou Sir William Waller had been well
ſy, or Shadow of it, between the bred ; and, having ſpent ſome Years
Lord Marquis and Prince Maurice; abroad, and ſome Time in the. Ar-
the firſt, as being better verſed in the mies there, return'd with a good Re.
Policy of Peace, than in the Myfteries putation home ; and ſhortly after,
of War, deſiring to regulate the Sol- having married a young Lady, who
dier, and to reſtrain him from uſing was to inherit a good Fortune in the
any Licence upon the Country, and Weſt, he had a Quarrel with a Gen-
the Prince being thought ſo wholly to tleman of the ſame Family, who had
incline to the Soldier, that he neglect- the Honour to be a menial Servant to
ed any Conſideration of the Country, the King in a Place near his Perſon;
and not without ſome Deſign of draw- which, in that Time, was attended
ing the ſole Dependance of the Soldier with Privilege and Reſpect from all
But here were the Men. Theſe two Gentlemen dif-
Seeds rather ſown of Dinike, than any courſing with ſome Warmth together,
viſible Diſinclination produced ; for Sir William Waller receiv'd fuch Pro-
after they had ſettled the Garriſons be- vocation from the other, that he
fore mention'd, they advanced, with ſtruck him a Blow over the Face, -fo '
Unity and Alacrity, Eaſtward, to near the Gates of Weſtminſter-Hall,
find out the Enemy, which was ga- that there were Witneffes, who ſwore,
ther'd together in a conſiderablc Budy, That it was in the Hall itſelf, the
within leſs than twenty Miles of them. Courts being then fitting; which, ac-
Whilſt ſo much Time was ſpent at cording to the Rigour of the Law,
Oxfard, to prepare the Supplies for makes it very penal; and the Credit
the Weſt, and in ſettling the Manner the other had in the Court, made the
of ſending them; which might have Proſecution to be very fevere; info .
been done much ſooner, and with leſs much as he was at lait compelled to
Noiſe; the Parliament foreſaw, that redeem himſelf at a dear Ranſom ;
if all the Weſt were recover'd from the Benefit whereof, was conferrd on
them, their Quarters would by De- his Adverſary, which made the Senſe
grees be fa ftreighten'd, that their o. of it the more grievous; and this pro-
ther Friends would quickly grow duced in him ſo eager a Spirit againſt
weary of them. They had ftill all the Court, that he was very open to
the Weſtern Ports, at their Devotion, any Temptation, that might engage
thoſe in Cornwal only excepted ; and him againſt it; and fo concurring in
their Fleets had always great Benefit the Houſe of Commons with all thoſe
And though moſt of the Gen- Counſels which were moſt violent, he
try were engaged againſt them, as they was employed in their firſt Military
were in many Parts throughout the. Action, for the reducing of Portf.
Kingdom, yet the Common People, mouth; which he effected with great
eſpecially in the cloathing Parts of So- Eaſe, as is remember'd before ; and
merfetfhire, were generally too much when the Earl of Efex had put the
inclined to them. So that they.could Army into Winter Quarters, he had
not want Men, if they ſent a Body of with ſome Troops, made a Cavalcade
Horſe, and ſome Arms, to counte or two into the Weſt, ſo fortunately,
nance them with the laſt of which, that he had not only beat up ſome
they had. fufficiently ſtored the Sea looſe Quarters,, but had ſurprized a
Towns which were in their Hands. fixt and forcified. Quarter, made by
And therefore they reſalv'd, that the. Lord Herbert of Ragland near
Glo-
by it.
3
0
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
275
Gloceſter ; in which he took above drawn out, and advanced upon the
twelve hundred Priſoners with all the Enemy (being the firſt they had ſeen
Oficers ; being a Number very little make any Stand before them, ſince the
inferior to his own Party ; which is Battle of Stratton) who making Stands
likewiſe particularly remember'd be- upon the Places of Advantage, and
fore. So that he got great Reputation maintaining little Skirmiſhes in the
with the Parliament and City; and Rear, retired in no ill Order to Wells;
was there callid William the Conqueror.. and the King's Forces ſtill purſuing,
And it is very true, that they who they choſe to quit that City likewiſe;
look'd upon the Earl of Eſſex as a Man and drew their whole Body, appearing
that would not keep them Company to in Number as conſiderable as their
the End of their journey, had their Purſuers, to the Top of a Hill, callid
Eyes upon Sir Wiliam Waller, as a Mendip-Hill, overlooking the City of
Man more fit for their Turn; and Wells, which they had left. The
were deſirous to extol' him the more, Day being far ſpent, and the March
that he might eclipſe the other. And having been long, the Marquis, with
therefore they prepared all Things for all the Foot, and Train, ſtayed at
his March, with ſo great Expedition Wells; but Prince Maurice, and the
and Secrecy, that the Marquis of Earl of Carnarvon, with Sir Ralph
Hertford was no ſooner joyn’d to the Hopton, and Sir John Berkly, and two
Corniß Troops in which Time Bridg- Regiments of Horſe, reſolv'd to look
water, and Dunſtar, and ſome other upon the Enemy on the Top of the
Places were reduced from the Parliam Hill; who ſuffer'd them, without In-
ment) before he was inform’d that Sir terruption, to gain the Top of the
William Waller was within two Days Hill level with them, and then, in a
March of him, and was more like to very orderly Manner, facing with a
draw Supplies to him from Briſtol, large Front of their Horſe, to give
and the Parts adjacent, which were their Foot and Baggage Leiſure and
under the Parliament, than the Mar- Security, retired together as the Prince
quis could from the open Country; advancºd. This, and the natural Con-
and therefore it was held moſt coun tempt the King's Horſe yet had of the
ſellable to advance, and engage him, Enemy, which in all Skirmiſhes and
whilft he was not yet too ſtrong; and Charges had been hitherto beaten by
by this Means they ſhould continue them, made the Prince judge this to
their March towards Oxford ; which be but a more graceful running away;
they were now inclined to do.
and therefore follow'd them farther,
Though Sir William Waller himſelf over thoſe large Hills, till the Enemy,
continued ſtill at Bath, yet the Re- who were anon to paſs through a
mainder of thoſe Horſe and Dragoons Lane, and a Village calld Chewton,
that eſcaped out of Cornwal, after the were compell’d, before their Entrance
Battle of Stratton, and ſuch other as into the Lane, to leave their Reſerve ;
were ſent out of Exeter for their Eaſe, which faced about much thinner than
when they apprehended a Siege, and it was over the Hill'; 'which Oppor-
thole Soldiers who fled out of Taunton, tunity and Advantage was no ſooner
and Bridgwater, and other Regiments diſcern'd, as had been foreſeen, but
of the Country were by Alexander Pop- the Earl of Carnarvon (who always
ham, Strode, and the other Deputy charged home ). with incomparable
Lieutenants of the Militia for Somerſet, Gallantry charged the Enemy, and
rallied; and with the Train'd-Bands, preſs'd them ſo hard, that he enter'd
and Voluntier Regiments of the Coun- the Lane with them, and routed the
try, drawn together, with that Confi- whole Body of their Horſe, and fol-
dence, that when the Marquis had low'd the Execution of them above
taken up his head Quarters at Somerton,
two Miles.
the Enemy, before break of Day, fell But this was like to have been a
upon a Regiment of Dragoons, quar- dear Succeſs; for Sir William Waller,
ter'd a Mile Eaſtward from the Town; who lay with his new Army at Bath,
and gave ſo briſk an Alarm to the and had drawn to him a good Supply
King's Army, that it was immediately out of the Garriſon of Briſtol, had di-
rected
276
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
rected this Body which was in Somer- the good Sword was to decide the
Set, to retire before the King's Forces Controverſy, their Piſtols being ſpent
till they ſhould joyn with him, who in the Cloſe. The Prince himſelf re-
had ſent a freſh, ſtrong Party of Horſe ceiv'd two ſhrewd Hurts in his Head,
and Dragoons, to aſſiſt their Retreat; and was beaten off his Horſe; but he
which, by the Advantage of a Hedge, was preſently reliev?d, and carried off,
had march'd without being diſcover'd: and the Enemy totally routed, and
So that the Earl of Carnarvon, being purſued again by the Earl of Carnar-
a Stranger in the Country and the von ; who had a fair Execution upon
Ways, purſued the Enemy into Sir them, as long as the Light counte-
William Waller's Quarters, and till nanced his Chaſe, and then he return’d
himſelf was preſs’d by a freſh Body of to the head Quarters at Wells; there
Horſe and Dragoons; when he was having been in theſe Skirmiſhes three-
neceſſitated to retire in as good Order ſcore or fourſcore Men loſt on the
as he could, and ſent the Prince; who Prince's Party, and three times that
follow'd him, Word of the Danger Number by the Enemy; the Action
which attended them. His Highneſs being too quick to take many Priſo-
hereupon, with what Haſte he could, ners.
drew back through the Village; chooſ At Wells the Army refted many
ing rather, with very good Reaſon, to Days, as well to recover the Prince's
attend the Enemy in a plain Heath, Wounds, being only Cuts with
than to be engaged in a narrow Paſ- Swords, as to conſult what was next
fage : Thither the Earl of Carnarvon to be done ; for they were now with-
with his Regiment came to him, bro- in diſtance of an Enemy that they
ken and chaſed by the Enemy; who knew would Fight them. For Sir
immediately drew up a large Front of William Waller was at Bath with his
Horſe and Dragoons, much ſtronger whole Army, much encreaſed by
than the Prince's Party, who had on thoſe who were chaſed out of the
and the Earl of Carnar- Weft; and reſolved not to advance,
von's Regiments, with ſome Gentle- having all Advantages of Proviſions,
men Voluntiers.
The Streight and and Palles, till a new Supply, he
Neceſſity he was in, was very great; every Day expected from London,
for as he might ſeem much too weak were arriv'd with him. On the oë
to charge them, ſo the Danger might ther Side, the Marquis was not only
probably be much greater to retire to provide to meet with ſo vigilant an
over theſe fair Hills, being purſued Enemy, but to ſecure himſelf at his
with a freſh Party much ſuperior in Rear, that the Diſaffection of the
Number. Therefore he took a gal- People behind him, who were only
lant Reſolution, to give the Enemy a ſubdued, not converted, upon the
briſk Charge with his own Regiinent Advance of Sir William Waller, might
upon their Advance, whilſt the Earl
not take freſh Courage. Though
rallied his, and prepared to ſecond Cornwal was reaſonably ſecured, to
him, as there ſhould be Occaſion. keep off any Impreſſion upon
This was as ſoon and forturiately exe- itſelf from Plymouth, yet Devonſhire
cuted as reſolv'd ; the Prince in the was left in a very unſafe Poſture ;
Head of the Regiments charging ſo there being only a ſmall Party at Go-
vigorouſly, that he uttterly broke, and lumb-John, a Houſe of Sir John Ack-
routed that part of the Front that re- land's, three Miles off Exeter, to con-
ceiv'd the Impreſſion. But almoſt troul the Power of that City, where
all the Enemies Horſe, that, being the Earl of Stamford was; and to diſ-
extended larger than his Front, were pute not only with any Comniotion,
not chargʻd, wheeld about, and that might happen in the Country,
charg'd the Prince in the Rear ; and but with any Power that might arrive
at the ſame Time the Earl of Carnar- by Sea. Upon theſe Conſiderations,
von, with his rallied Regiment, and the Intelligence, that the Parlia-
charg'd their Rear; and all this ſo ment had ſent Directions :o the Earl
throughly perform'd, that they were of Warwick their Admiral, To attend
mingled one among the other, and the Devonſhire Coaſt with his Fleet,
and
ly his
own,
in the Reign of King CHARLES L
ל7'
and take any . Advantage he could, the loſt two Field-Pieces, and near an
Marquis, by the Advice of the Coun. hundred Men. But Sir William Wal-
cil of War, ſent Sir John Berkly back ler had the Advantage in his Ground,
into Devonſhire, with Colonel How having a good City, well furniſh'd
ard's Regiment of Horſe, to com -with Proviſions, to quarter his Army
mand the Forces which were then together in ; and ſo in his Choice not to
there, and to raiſe what. Numbers fight, but upon extraordinary: Advan-
more he could poſſibly, for the block: tage. Whereas the King's Forces
ing up that City, and reducing the muſt either diſperſe themſelves, and ſo
County, and upon his Arrival there, give the . Enemy Advantage upon
to fend up to the Army Sir James Has their Quarters, or, keeping near to-
anilton's Regiment of Horſe and Dra- gether, lodge in the Field, and endure
goons, which had been left.in Devon- great Diſtreſs of Proviſion; the Coun-
jhire; and, by the Licence they took, try being ſo diſaffected, that only
weaken’d the King's Party; ſo that by Force could bring in any Supply or
ſending this Relief thither, he did not Relief. Hereupon, after ſeveral At-
leffen at all his own Numbers, yet tempts to engage the Enemy to a Bat-
gave great Strength to the reducing tle upon equal Terms, which having
thoſe Parts, as appear'd afterwards by the Advantage, he wiſely avoided;
the Succeſs.
the Marquis, and Prince Maurice,
After this Diſpoſition, and eight or advanced with their whole Body to
ten Days Reſt at Wells, the Army ge. Marsfield, five Miles beyond Bath to.
nerally'expreſſing a cheerful Impatience wards Oxford; preſuming, that, by
to meet with the Enemy, of which, this Means, they ſhould draw the E-
at that Time, they had a greater Con- nemy. from their Place of Advantage,
tempt, than in Reaſon they ſhould . his chief Buſineſs being to hinder them
haves the Prince, and Marquis, ad- from joyning with the King. And if
vanced to Frome, and thence to Brad- they had been able to preſerve that
ford within four Miles of Bath. And Temper, and had neglected the Ene.
now no Day paſſed without Action, my, till he had quitted his Advanta-
and very ſharp Skirmiſhes ; Sir Wil. ges, it is probable they might have
liam Waller having receiv'd from Lon. fought upon as good Terms as they
dón a freſh Regiment of five hundred deſired. · But the unreaſonable: Con-
Hòrſe under the Command of Sir Ar- tempe they had of the Enemy, and
thur Haflerig; which were ſo com Confidence they ſhould prevail in any
pleatly arm'd, that they were call'd Ground, together with the Streights
by the other Side, the Regiment of Lob- they endured
for Want of Proviſions,
Sters, becauſe of their bright Iron and their Want of Ammunition,
Shells, with which they were cover'd, which was ſpent as mụch in the daily
being perfect Cuiraſſiers ; and were Skirmiſhes, and upon their Guards,
the firſt feen ſo arm’d on either Side, being ſo near as could have been in
and the firſt that made any Impreſſion Battle, would not admit the Patience;
upon the King's Horſe; who; being for Sir William Waller, who was not
unarm’d, were not able to bear a ſhock to fuffer that Body to joyn with the
with them; befides that they were fe- King, no ſooner drew out his whole
cure from Hurts of the Sword, which Army to Lanſdown, which look'd to-
were almoſt the only Weapons the O wards Marsfield, but they ſuffer'd
ther were furniſh'd with.
themſelves to be engaged upon great
The Contention was hicherto with Diſadvantage.
Parties“; in which the Succeſſes were It was upon the fifth of July when
various, and almoſt with equal Loſſes : Sir William Waller, as ſoon as it was
for as Sir Willian Waller, upon the light, pofſeſs’d himſelf of that Hill;
firſt Advance from Wells, beat up a and after he had, upon the Brow of
Regiment of Horſe and Dragoons of the Hill over the High-way, raiſed
Sir James Hamilton's, and diſperſed Breaft-Works with Faggots and Earth,
them ; ſo, within two Days, the and planted Cannon there, he ſeat a
King's Forces beat a Party of his from ſtrong Party of Horſe towards Marsa
a Paſs near Bath, where the Enemy field; which quickly alarm'd the Q-
82
4 A
thes
.
.
278
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
;
'ther Army, and was ſhortly driven the Enemies Horſe, and routed; then
back to their Body. As great a Mind Sir Bevil Greenvil: advanced with a
as the King's Forces had to cope with Party of Horſe, on his right Fland;
the Enemy, when they had drawn in that Ground, being beſt for them
to Battalia, and found the Enemy fix- and his Mụſqueteers on the left; him-
ed on the Top of the HJl,. they re- felf, leading up his Pikes in the mid,
foly'd not to attack them upon ſo dle; and in the Face of their Cannon,
great Diſadvantage; and ſo retir'd again and Small-fhọt from the Breadt-Works,
towards their old Quarters.: Which gained the Brow of the Hill; having
Sir William Waller perceiving, fent ſuſtain'd two full Charges of the Ene,
his whole Body of Horſe and Dra- mies Horſe; but in the third Charge
goons down the Hill, to charge the his Horſe failing, and giving Ground,
Rear and Flank of the King's. Forces; he receiv’d, after other Wounds, a
which they did throughlý, the Regi- Blow on the Head with a Poll.Ax,
ment of Cuiraſſiers to amazing the with which he fell, and many of his
Horſe they charg’d, that they totally Officers about him ; yet the Muſque-
routed them ; and, ſtanding firm and teers, fired ſo faſt upon the Enemies
unſhaken themſelves, gave ſo great Horſe, that they quitted their Ground
. Terror to the King's Horſe, who had and the two Wings, who were ſent to
never before turn'd from an Enemy; . clear the Woods, having done their
that no Example of their Officers, Work; and gaind thoſe Parts of the
who did their Parts with invincible Hill, at the ſame Time beat off their
Courage, could make them charge with Enemies Foot, and became poffefs’d
the fame Confidence, and in the fame of the Breaſt-Works; and to made
Manner they had uſually done. How: way for their whole Body of Horſe,
ever, in the End, after Sir Nicholas Foot, and. Cannon, to afçend the
Slanning with three hundred Muſque- Hill; which they quickly did, and
teers, had fallen upon, and beaten planted themſelyes on the Ground
their Reſerve of Dragooners, Prince they had won the Enemy retiring
Maurice, and the Earl of Carnarvon, about Demy Culvering ſhot behind a
rallying their Horſe, and. winging Stone Wall upon the fame Level, and
them with the Corniſh Muſqueteers, ſtanding in reaſonable good Order.
charg'd the Enemy's Horſe again, Either Party was ſufficiently tired,
and totally routed them, and in the and battered, to be contented to ſtand,
ſame Manner receiv'd two Bodies ſtill. The King's Horſe were ſo lha-
more, and routed and chaſed them to ken, that of two thouſand which were
the Hill; where they ſtood in a Place upon the Field in the Morning, there
almoſt inacceſſible. On the Brow of were not above fix hundred on the
the Hill there were Breaſt-Works, on Top of the Hill; ſo that, exchanging
which were pretty Bodies of finall only fome shot from their Ordnance,
Shot, and fome Cannon ;. on either they look'd one upon another till the
Flank grew a pretty thick Wood to- Night interpos’d. About twelve of
wards the declining of the Hill, in the Clock, it being very dark, the
which ſtrong Parties of Muſqueteers Enemy made a Shew of moving tó-
were placed ; at the Rear, was a very wards the Ground they had loft, but
fair Plain, where the Reſerves of giving a ſmart Volly 'of Small-ſhot,
Horſe and Foot ſtood ranged; yet the and finding themſelves anſwer'd with
Corniſ Foot were ſo far from being the like, they made no more Noiſe ;
appalld at this Diſadvantage, that which the Prince obſerving, he ſent a
they deſired to fall on, and cried out, Common Soldier to hearken as near
That they might have leave to fetch off the Place, where they were, as he
thoſe Cannon. In the End, Order was could; who brought Word, That the
given to attempt the Hill with Horſe Enemy bad left lighted Matches in the
and Foot. Two ſtrong Parties of Wall behind which they had lain, and
Muſqueteers were ſent into the Woods, quere drawn off the Field; which was
which flanked the Enemy; and the true; ſo that, as ſoon as it was Day,
Horſe and other Muſqueteers up the the King's Army found themſelves
Road way, which were charg'd by poſleſs'd entirely of the Field, and the
Dead
1
. in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
279
1
Dead, and all other Enſigns of Victo. the other, died the next Day, to the
ry: Sir William Waller being march'd general Grief of the whole Army,
to Bath, in ſo much Diſorder and Apwhere he was wonderfully belov'd, as
prehenfion, that he left great Store of a Man of undaunted Courage, and as
Arms, and ten Barrels of Powder, be- 'great Gentleneſs of Nature. Sir Ralph.
hind hiin; which was a very ſeaſona. Hopton, having hardly ſo much Life,
ble Supply to the other Side, who had as not to be number'd with the Dead,
ſpent in that Day's Service, no leſs was put into a Litter, and then the
than fourſcore Barrels, and had not a Army march'd to their old Quarters
ſafe Proportjon left.
at Marsfield; exceedingly caft down
In this Baçile, on the King's Part, with their Morning's Misfortune (Sir;
there were more Officers and Gentlemen Ralph Hopton being indeed, the Sole
Quality. Dain, than Common Men; diers darling) where they repos’d them-
and more hurt than flain. That which felves themſelves the next Day, prin-
would have clouded any Victory, and cipally in Care of Sir Ralph Hopton ;
made the Loſs of others leſs ſpoken of, who, though there were Hope of his
was the Death of Sir Bevil Greenvil
, Recovery, was not fit to travel. In
He was indeed an excellent Perſon, this Time many of the Harſe, which
whoſe Activity, Intereſt, and Reputa- had been routed in the Morning, bes
tion, was the Foundation of what had fore the Hill was won, found the Way
been done in Cornwal; and his Tem- to Oxford ; and, according to the
per, and Affection, fo publick, that Cuſtom of thoſe who run away, re.
no Accident which happen'd, could ported all to be loft, with many par:
make any Impreſſions in him; and ţicular Accidents, which they fancied
his Example kept others from taking yery like to happen when they left the
any. Thing ill, or at leaſt ſeeming to Field; but the next Day brought a
do ſo. In a Word, a brighter Cou, punctual Advertiſement from the Mar:
rage, and a gentler Diſpoſition, were quis, þut, withal, a Defire of a Regie
neyer married together to make the ment, or two of freſh Horſe, and a
moſt chearful, and innocent Convert Supply; of Ammunition ; whereupon
ſation.
the Earl of Crawford with his Regi-
Very many Officers and Perſons of ment: of Horſe conſiſting of near five
Quality were hurt; as the Lord Aryn- hundred, was directed to advance
del of 'Wardcur, fhot in the Thigh that Way, with ſuch a Proportion of
with a Brace of Piſtol Bullets; Sir Ammunition as was deſir'd.
Ralph Hopton ſhot through the Arm After a Days Reſt at Marsfield, it
with a Muſquet; Sir George Vaughan, being underſtood that Sir William
and mady others, hurt in the Head of Waller was ſtill at Bath (his Army
their Troops with Swords and Poll- having been rather ſurprized and difí
Axes; of which none of Name died, comforted, with the incredible Bold:
But the Morning added much tº their neſs of the Corniſh Foot, than mueh
Sorrow, when the Field was entirely weakend by the Number Nain, which
their own; "for Sir Ralph Hopton rid was no greater than on the King's
ing up and down the Field to viſiç the Part) and that he had ſent for freſh
hurt Men, and to put the Soldiers in Supply from Briſtol; it was concluded,
Order, and Readineſs for Motion, ſit- rather to march to Oxford, and ſo to
ting on his Horſe, with other Officers joyn with theKing's Army, than to ſtay
and Soldiers about him, near a Wag- and attend the Enemy, who was ſo
gon of Ammunition, in which were near his Supplies : And fo they
eight Barrels of Powder ; whether by march'd towards Chippenbam. But
Treachery, or meer Accident, is un when Sir William Waller had Intelli-
certain, the Powder blew up; and gence of the blowing up of the Pow-
many, who ſtood neareſt killed; and der, of which he well knew there was
many more maim'd ; among whom ſcarcely enough before, and of the
Sir Ralph Hopton, and Serjeant Ma. Hurt it had done, he infuſed new Spi-
jor Sheldon were miſerably, hurt ; rit into his Men; and verily believed
of which, Major Sheldon, who was that they had no Ammunition; and
thought to be in leſs Danger than that the Loſs of Sir Ralph Hopion
(whoin
280 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
do'
(whom the People took to be the Soul Retreat to Oxford, the Enemy being
of that Army) would be found in the npon them with Improvement of Cou-
Spirits of the Soldiers ; and having rage, and Improvement of Numbers ;
gotten ſome freſh Men from Briſtol, Sir William Waller having diſperſed
and more from the Inclinations of the his Warrants over the Country, fig.
three Counties of Wilts, Gloceſter, and nifying, Thar be had beaten the Mar.
Somerſet, which joyn'd about Bath, in quis ; and requiring the People, To
the moſt abfaluţe diſaffected Parts of riſe in all Places for the Apprehenſion
all three, he follow'd the Marquis to- of his ſcatter'd and diſperſed Troops;
wards Chippenham; to which he was which Confidence; Men conceiv'd,
as near from Bath, as the other from could not proceed' from leſs than a
Marsfield.
manifeſt Victory i and ſo they flock'd
The next Day, early in the Morn to him as the Maſter of the Field.
ing, upon Notice that the Enemy was The Foot were no more now to make
in Diſtance, the Prince, and the Mar- the Retreat, the Situation of the Place
quis drew back the Army through they were now in, being ſuch as they
Chippenham, and preſented themſelves · could move no way towards Oxford,
in Battalia to the Enemy; being very but over a Campagne of many. Miles,
well contented to fight in ſuch a Place, where the ſtroager in Horſe muſt needs
where the Succeſs was to depend more prevail.
on their Foot, who were unqueſtiona. Hereupon it: was unanimouſly ad-
bly excellent, than on their Horſe, viſed, and confented to, that the
which were at beſt weary, though Lord Marquis and Prince Maurice
their Officers were, to Envy, forward ſhould that Night break through, with
and reſolute. But Sir William Waller, all the Horſe, to Oxford; and that
who was a right good Chooſer of Ad- Sir Ralph Hopton (who, by this, was
vantages, liked not that Ground; re- ſuppoſed paft Danger of Death, and
lying as much upon his Horſe, who could hear and ſpeak well enough,
had gotten Credit, and Courage, and though he could not ſeeor ſtir) with the
upon his. Foot, who were on- Earl of Marlborough, who was Gene-
ly well arm’d, and well bodied, very ral of the Artillery, the Lord Mohun,
vulgarly Spirited, and Officer'd : So and other goodi Officers of Foor,
that having ſtood all Night in Battalia, ſhould ſtay there with their Foot and
and the Enemy not coming on, the Cannon, where it was hoped they
Prince and Marquis, the next Day, might defend themſelves, for a few
advanced towards the Devizes ; Sir Days, till the General might return
Nicholas Slanning, with great Spirit with Relief from Oxford; which was
and Prudence, ſecuring the Rear with not above thirty Miles of. This Re-
ſtrong Parties of Muſqueteers; with ſolution was purſued ; and, the ſame
which he gave the Enemy, who preſs’d Night, all the Horſe got ſafe' away.
upon
them
very ſmartly, ſo much In- into the King's Quarters, and the
terruption, that Sir William Waller, Prince, and Marquis, in the Morning,
deſpairing of overtaking, fent a Trum came to Oxford ; by which Time Sir
pet to the Marquis, with a Letter; Wiliiam Waller had drawn all his For-
Offering a pitch'd Field at a Place of ces about the Dovizes. The Town
his own chooſing, out of the Way. was open, without the leaſt Fortifica-
The which being eaſily underſtood to tion, or Defence, but ſmall Ditches
be only a Stratagem to beget a Delay and Hedges ; upon which the Foot
in the March, the Marquis carried the were placed, and ſome Pieces of Can.
Trumpet three or four Miles with non conveniently planted. The A.
him, and then ſent him back with venues, which were many, were quick-
ſuch an Anſwer as was fit. There ly barricado'd to hinder the Entrance
were, all this Day, perpetual and of the Horſe, which was principally
fharp Skirmiſhes in the Rear; the E- apprehended. Sir William Waller had
nemy preſſing very hard, and being ſoon Notice of the Remove of the
always with Loſs repulſed, till the Ar- Horſe; and therefore, intending that
ny ſafely reach'd the Devizes. Purſuit no farther, he brought his
Then the Caſe was alcer'd for thei whole Force cloſe to the Town, and
belea-
as little
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
231
0
beleaguer'd it round ; and having and the. A&tivity of the chief Officers
raiſed a Battery upon a Hill near the was moſt neceffary to keep up the Cou-
Town, he pour'd in his Shot upon it rage of the Common Men, 'who well
without Intermiſſion, and attempted enough underſtood the Danger they
to enter in ſeveral other places with were in, and therefore they were very
Horſe, Foot, and Cannon ; but was glad of this Meſſage ; and returnd,
in all Places more reſolutely refifted, That they would ſend an Officer to
and repulſed. At the ſame: Time, treat, if a Ceſſation were agreed to
having: Intelligence of the Earl of during the Time of the Treaty; which
Crawford's marching with a Supply of was conſented to, if it were ſuddenly
Powder, according to Order, after expedited.
the firſt Battle of Lanſdown, he ſent a On the Party of the Beſieged were
ſtrong Party of Horſe and Dragoons to propoſed ſuch Terms, as might take
intercept hiin: 'who before he knew of up moſt Time in the Debate, and
the Alterations which had happen'd, might imply Courage and'Reſolution
and of the Remove of the Horſe to to hold out. Sir Willian Wallér, on
wards Oxford, was ſo far engaged, the other Hand, offer'd only Quarter,
that he hardly eſcaped with the Loſs and civil Uſage to the Oficers, and
of his Ammunition, and a Troop or; Leave to the Common Soldiers to re-
two of his Horſe.
turn to their Houſes without their
Upon this Improvement of his Suc- Arnis, except they would voluntarily
ceſs, Sir William Waller reckon'd his chooſe to ſerve the Parliament. There.
Victory out of queſtion ; and thereup- being Terms many of the Officers
on ſent a Trumpet into the Town to would not have ſubmitted to in the
fummon the Beſieged; to let them laſt Extreme, the Treaty ended; af-
know, That he had cut off their Relief, ter thoſe in the Town had gained
and that their State was now deſperate; what they only look'd for, feven or
and therefore adviſed them, to ſubmit eight Hours Sleep, and ſo long Time
themſelves to the Parliament, with ſparing of Ammunition. The Truth
whom he would mediate on their Behalf. is, Sir William Waller was ſo confi:
They in the Town were not ſorry for dent that they were at his Mercy, that
the Overture; not that they appre- he had written to the Parliament; That
-hended, it would produce any Condi- their work was done; and, That by the
tions they ſhould accept, but that they next Poſt, he would ſend the Number,
might gain ſome Time of Reſt by it : and Quality of his Priſoners ; neither
For the Streights they were in, were did he imagine it poſible, that any
too great for any Minds not prepared Relief could
have been ſent from Ox'-
to preſerve their Honour at any Rates. ford; the Earl of Eſſex, to whom he
When the Enemy came firſt before the had ſignified his Succeſs, and the Po-
Town, and the Guards were ſupplied ſture he was in, lying with his whole
with Ammunition for their Duty, there Army at Thame, within ten Miles of
was but one hundred and fifty Weight it. But the Importance was too well
of March left in Store; whereupon underſtood by the King to omit any
diligent Officers were directed to Thing, that might, with the utmoit
ſearch every Houſe in the Town, and Hazard, be attempted for the redeem-
to take all the Bed-Cords they could ing thoſe Men, who had wrought fuch
find, and to cauſe them to be ſpeedily Wonders for him. And therefore, as
beaten, and boiled. By this ſudden ſoon as the Marquis and Prince arriv'd
Expedient, there was, by the next at Oxford, with the fad and unexpected
Morning, provided fifteen hundred News and Relation of the Diſtreſs of
Weight of ſuch ſerviceable Match, as their Frends, though the Queen was
very well endured that ſharp Service. then on her March towards Oxford,
The Compaſs of the Ground they and the King had appointed to meet
were to keep, was fo large, and the her two Days Journey for her Security,
Enemy preſs’d ſo hard upon all Places, his Majeſty reſolv’d to take only his
that their whole Body were upon per-
own Guards of Horſe, and Prince
petual Duty together, neither Officer Rupert's Regiment for that Expedi-
nor Soldier having any Time for Reſt; tion; and ſent the Lord Wilmot with
all
all
83
4 B
282
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
all the reſt of the Horſe, to march what Alacrity they advanced to meet
that very Day in which the Advertiſe- him; but Sir William Waller had pur-
ment came to him, towards the Devi- poſely choſe that Ground to hinder.
zes ; ſo that the Marquis and the that Conjunction, and advanced ſo
Prince coming to Oxford on the Mon- faſt on the Lord Wilmot, that without
day Morning, the Lord Wilmot, that ſuch Removes and Traverſes, as might
Night, moved towards the Work; give his Men fome Apprehenſion, that
and Prince Maurice returning with Lord could not expect the Foot from
him as a Voluntier, but the Lord Wil- the Town; and therefore he put hi
mot commanding in chief, appeard on Troops in Order upon that Ground to
the Wedneſday about Noon, upon the expect the Enemies Charge, who were
Plain within two Miles of the Town. ſomewhat more than Muſquet-Shot off
The Lord Wilmot had with him fif- in Order of Battle.
teen hundred Horſe, and no more, Here Sir William Waller, out of a
and two ſmall Field-Pieces, which he pure Gaiety, departed from an Ad.
ſhot off to give the Town Notice of vantage he could not again recover ;
his coming ; having it in his Hopes, for being in excellent Order of Battle,
that, it being a fair Champagne about with ſtrong Wings of Horſe to his
the Town, when the Enemy ſhould Foot, and a good Reſerve placed, and
riſe from before it, he ſhould be able his Cannon uſefully planted, appre-
in ſpight of them to joyn with the hended ſtill the Conjunction between
Foot, and ſo to have a fair Field for the Horſe and the Foot in the Town,
it; which would be ſtill diſadvantage and gratifying his. Enemy with the
ous enough, the Enemy being ſupe« fame Contempt, which had ſo often
rior by much in Horſe, very few of brought Inconveniences upon them,
thoſe, who had broken away from and diſcerning their Number inferior
the Devizes (except the Prince him. to that he had before inafter'd, he
ſelf, the Earl of Carnarvon, and ſome march'd with his whole Body of
other Officers) being come up with Horſe, from his Foot, to charge the
them, becauſe they were tired, and Enemy; appointing, Sir Arthur Hafle-
diſperſed. The Enemy, careful to rig with his Cuiraſſiers apart, to make
prevent the joyning of this party of the firſt Impreſſion; who was encoun-
Horſe with the Foot, and fully ad- ter'd by Sir John Byron, in whoſe
vertiſed of their coming, drew off, Regiment the Earl of Carnarvon
on all Parts, from the Town; and charg'd as a Voluntier ; and after a
put thenaſelves in Battalia upon the ſharp Conflict, in which Sir Arthur
Top of a fair Hill, called Roundway- Haſlerig receiv*d many Wounds, that
Down ; over which the King's Forces impenitrable Regiment was routed,
were neceſſarily to march, being full and, in a full Career, chaſed upon
two Miles off the Town; they within their other Horſe. At the ſame Time,
conceiv'd it hardly poſſible, that the the Lord Wilmot charging them from
Relief, they expected from Oxford, Diviſion to Diviſion, as they were
could ſo ſoon arrive; all the Meſſen- ranged, in half an Hour, fo ſudden
gers who were ſent to give the Notice Alterations the Accidents of War in-
of it, having miſcarried by the Cloſe- troduce, the whole entire Body of the
neſs of the Siege ; and therefore fuf- triumphant Horſe were ſo totally rout-
pected the Warning Pieces from the ed and diſperſed, that there was not
Plain, and the drawing off the Town one of them to be feen upon that large
by the Enemy, to be a Stratagem to ſpacious Down; every Man ſhifting
coufen the Foot from thoſe Poſts they for himſelf with greater Danger by the
defended, into the open Field; and Precipices of that Hiil, than he could
ſo, very reaſonably, being in Readi- have undergone by oppoſing his Pur-
neſs to march, they waited a furer E- fuer. But as it was an unhappy
vidence, .that their Friends were at Ground to fly, ſo it was as ill for the
hand; which ſhortly arriv'd; and af- Purſuer ; and after the Rout, more
ſur'd them, That the Prince was near periſh'd by Fall and Bruiſes from their
a :d expected them.
Horſes, down the Precipices, than by
It will be eaſily conceiv'd, with the Sword. The Foo: food ſtill firm,
making
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
283
1
making Shew of a gallant Reſiſtance ; there was Nain very few; and, of
but the Lord Wilmot quickly ſeized Name none but Dudly Smith, an ho-
their Cannon, and turn’d them upon neſt and valiant young Gentleman ;
them, at the fame Time that the Cor- who was always a Voluntier with the
niſh Foot, who were by this come Lord Wilmot, and amongſt the firſt
from the Town, were ready likewiſe upon any Action of Danger.
to charge them; upon which their Beſides the preſent Fruit of this
Hearts failed; and ſo they were charg- Victory, the King receiv'd an Advan-
ed on all Sides, and either killd, or tage from the Jealouſy, that, from
taken Priſoners, , very few eſcaping; thence grew among the Officers of the
the Corniſh retaining too freíh a Me- Parliament Armies. For Sir William
mory of their late Diſtreſſes, and re Waller believ?d himſelf to be abſolute-
venging themſelves on thoſe who had ly betray'd, and ſacrificed by the Earl
contributed thereunto. Sir William of Efex, out of Envy at the great
Waller himſelf, with a ſmall Train, Things he had done, which ſeem’d to
fled into Briſtol, which had ſacrificed eclipſe his Glories; and complain'd,
a great Part of their Garriſon in his That he lying with his whole Army with-
Defeat; and ſo were even ready to ex in ten Miles of Oxford, Mould ſuffer
pire at his Entry into the Town, him- the chief Strength of that place to march
felf bringing the firſt News of his thirty Miles to deſtroy him, without só
Diſaſter.
much as ſending out a Party to follow
This glorious Day, for it was a Day them, or to alarm Oxford,' by which
of Triumph, redeem'd for that Time they would have been probably recalled.
the King's whole Affairs, ſo that all
, On the other Hand, the Earl, diſ-
Clouds that ſhadow'd them ſeem'd to daining to be thought his Rival, re-
be diſpelld, and a bright Light of proach'd the other with unſoldiery Ne-
Succeſs to ſhine over the whole King- gleets, and. Want of Courage, to be
dom. There were in this Battle Nain, beaten by a handful of Men, and to have
on the Enemies Part, above ſix hun deſerted his Foot and Cannon, without
dred on the Place; nine hundred Pri- engaging his own Perſon in one Charge
foners taken, beſides two or three againſt the Enemy. Wherever the
hundred retaken and redeem'd whom Fault was, it was never forgiven; bút
they had gathered up in the Skirmiſh- from the Enmity that proceeded from
with all their Can- thence, the King often afterwards
non, being eight Pieces of Braſs Ord- reaped very notable, and ſeaſonable
all their Arms, Ammụnition, Advantages ; which will be remem-
Taggons, Baggage, and Victual ; ber'd in their Places.
eight and twenty Foot Enſigns, and This bleſſed Defeat happen'd to be
nine Cornets ; and all this by a Party upon the ſame Day, and upon the
of fifteen hundred Horſe, with two fame Time of the Day, when the
ſmall Field-Pieces (for the Victory King met the Queen upon the Field
was perfect, upon the Matter, before near Keinton, under Edge-Hill, where
the Corniſ came up; though the E- the Battle had been fought in Oftober
nemies Foot were ſuffer'd to ſtand in before ; and before their Majeſties
a Body, uncharged, out of Ceremony, came to. Oxford, they receivà the
till they came; that they might be re- happy News of it. It is eaſy to ima-
freſh'd with a Share in the Conqueſt) gine the Joy with which it was re-
againſt a Body of full two thouſand ceiv'd, all Men raiſing their fallen
Horſe, five hundred Dragoons, and Spirits to too great a Height, as
near three thouſand Foot, with an ex though they ſhould now go through
cellent Train of Artillery. So that all the Work without Oppoſition ;
the Corniſh had great Reaſon to think and this Tranſport to either Extremes
their Deliverance, and Victory at was too natural upon all the Viciffitudes
Roundway, more ſignal and wonder- of the War; and it was ſome Allay
ful, than the other at Stratton, ſave to the welcome News of the Victory
that the firſt might be thought the to ſome Men, that it had been ob-
Parent of the latter, and the Loſs on tain'd under the Command and Con-
the King's Party was lefs; for in this dust of Wilrot; who was very much
nance;
iri
784
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
in Prince Rupert's Difeſteem, and not they reſted, and refreſh'd themſelves,
in any notable Degree of Favour with till they might receive new. Orders
the King, but much belov’d by the from the King; who, upon full Ad-
good Fellowſhip of the Army. vice, and Conſideration of the Siate he
The King's Army receiv'd a fair was in, and broken Condition of the
Addition, by the Conjunction with Enemy, reſoly'd to make an Attempi
thoſe 'Forces which attended the upon the City of Briſtol ; to which
Queen ; for her Majeſty brought with Prince Rupert was moſt inclined, for
her above two thouſand Foot, well his being diſappointed in a former De.
arm’d, and one thouſand Horſe, and ſign; and where there were many
fix Pieces of Cannon, and two Mor- well affected to the King's Service
tars, and about one hundred Wag- from the Beginning, and more ſince
gons. So that as ſoon as their-Ma-' the Exeution of thoſe two eminent Ci-
jeſties came to Oxford, the Earl of tizens. And the Difeſteem generally
Eſſex, who had ſpent his Time about had of the Courage of Nathaniel Fien-
Thene, and Ayleſbury, without any nes, the Governor, made the Deſign
Actiori after that Skirmiſh in which to be thought the more reaſonable ; To.
Mr. Hambden was ſlain, ſave by ſmall the Marquis, and Prince Maurice re-
Parties of which there was none of turn’d to Bath, upon Agreement to
Name, or Note, but one handſome appear, on ſuch a Day, with their
ſmart Confiềt between a Party of whole Strength before Briſtol, on the
five hundred Horſe and Dragoons, Somerſelſhire Side, when Prince R4-
commanded by Colonel Middleton, a pert with the Oxford Forces would ap-
Scotch-Man, on the Parliament Party, pear before it, on the Gloceſterſhire
and a Regiment of Horſe, command. Side.
ed by Sir Charles Luças, on the King's; On the four and twentieth of July,
where, after a very ſoldiery Conteſt, both Armies ſat down before it, quar-
and more Blood drawn than was uſual tering their, Horſe in that Manner,
upon ſuch Actions, the King's Party that none could go out or in to the
prevail'd, returning with ſome Priſo- City, without great Hazard of being
ners of Name, and the Slaughter of taken; in the ſame Day with the AP-
one hundred of the Enemy, not with- fiſtance of ſome Seamen, who were
out fome Loſs of their own : The prepared before, they ſeized all the
'Earl, I ſay, retired with his Army Ships that were in King-road; which
broken, and diſhearten'd to Uxbridge, were not only laden with Goods of
giving over any Thought of fighting great Value, as Plate, Money, and
with the King, till he ſhould be re- the beſt Sort of all Commodities,
cruited, with Horſe, Men, and Mo- which thoſe who ſuſpected the worſt
ney; and ſuffering no leſs in the Talk had ſent aboard, but with many Per-
of the People (who began to aſſume a fons of Quality; who; being unwil.
great Freedom in Diſcourſe) for not ling to run the Hazard of a Siege,
interpoſing to hinder the Queen's thought that Way to have ſecured
March to Oxford, and joyning with themſelves, and to have eſcaped to
the King, than for ſitting ſtill ſo near London ; and ſo were all taken Priſo-
Oxford, whilſt the Lord Wilmot went The next Day, Prince Rupert
from thence to the Ruin of Sir Willian came to his Brother, and the Mar-
Waller.
quis, and a general Council of all the
After which Defeat the Lord Wil- principal Officers of both Armies be-
mot retired to Oxford to attend his ing aſſembled, it was debated, In
Majeſty ; and the Corniſh Army (for what Manner they mould proceed, by
that Name it deſervedly kept ſtill, Alfault cr Approach.
though it received ſo good an Encreaſe There were in the Town five and
by the Marquis and Prince's joyning twenty hundred Foot, and a Regi-
with them) drew back, and poſſeſs’d ment of Horſe and Dragoons ; the
themſelves. of Bath, which was ſoon Line about the Town was finiſh'd; yet
quitted to them, upon the Overthrow in ſome Places the Graff was wider
of I’aller ; that Garriſon being with and deeper that in others. The Ca-
drawr to reinforce Briſtol. At Bath ſtle within the Town was very well
ple-
ners.
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
285
prepared, and ſupplied with great broad and deep Graff, and the Line
Score of Proviſions to endure a Siege. thoughout, better hanker'd than the
The Opinicns were ſeveral : The other.
Oficers of the Corniſh were of Opinion, The next Morning, with little other
That it was beſt to proceed by Way of Proviſions at for ſuch a Work, tlaan
Approach; becauſe, the Ground being the Courage of the Affailants, both
very good, it would in a very ſhort Time: Armies fell on. . On the Weſt Side,
be done ; and ſince there was no Army where the Carniſh. were, they alfaulted
in a poſſibility to relieve it, the ſecureft
. the Line in three Places; one Diviſion
Way would be the beſt ; whereas the led by: Sir Nicholas Slanning, aſſiſted
Works were ſo good, that they must ex with Colonel John Trevannion, Lieu-
pect to loſe very many Men; and if tenant Colonel. Șlingſby, and three
they were beaten.off
, all their Summer more Field Officers ; too great a
Hopes would be destroyed; it not being Number of ſuch Officers to conduct ſo
ecly, again to make up the Spirit of the ſmall a Party as five hundred Men,
Army for a new Aflion.
if there had not been an immoderate
On the other Hand, .Prince Rupéri, Diſdain. of Danger, and Appetite of
and all the Officers of his Army very Glory' : Another Diviſion, on the
earneſtly deſir'd to affault it; alledgid, right Hand, was led by Colonel Buck,
The Work to be eaſy, and the Soldiers. aſſiſted by Colonel Wagſtaffe, Colonel
fitter for any briſk Attempt, then a dull Bernard Aſtley, who commanded the
patient Deſign ; and that the Army. Regiment of the Lord: Marquis Hert-
would be more weaken’d by the latter, ford, with other Field Officers : And
than the former : That the City, not the third Diviſion, on the left Hand,
having yet recover'd the Confternation of led by Sir. Thomas Baflet, who was
Sir William Waller's Defeat, was ſo Major General of the Corniſh. Theſe
full of Horror, that it would make a three Diviſions fell on together with
very weak Defence : That there was that Courage and Reſolución, - as no-
120 Soldier of Experience in the Town, thing but Death could controul ; and
and the Governor himſelf not like to in- though the middle Diviſion got into
dure the' Terror of 6. Storm. Theſe the Graff, and ſo near filled it, that
Reaſons, and the Prince's Iinportunity, fome inounted the Wall; yet by the
with ſome Inſinuations of knowing prodigious Diſadvantage of the Ground,
more than was fit to be ſpoken, as if and the full Defence the Beſieged
famewhat would be done within the made within, they were driven back
Town, that muſt not be mention’d, with a great-Slaughter; the Common
and a glorious Contempt of Danger, Soldiers, after the chief Officers were
prevailed ſo far, that it was conſented killd, or deſperately wounded, find-
to, on all Parts, to affault the Town ing it a bootleſs Attempt.
the next Morning at three Places on On Prince Rupert's Side, it was
the Somerſetſhire Side, and at three affaulted with equal Courage, and al-
Places on the Gloceſterſhire Side; at moſt equal Loſs, but with better Suc-
the break of Day. The Truth is, ceſs; for though that Diviſion led on
both Opinions, with Regard to their by the Lord Grandiſon, Colonel Ge-
different Circumſtances, were in them- neral of the Foot, was beaten off, the
ſelves reaſonable : For the Gloceſter- Lord Grondiſon himſelf being hurt;
Jhire Side, where Prince Rupert was, and the other, led by Colonel Bellaſs, ·
might be ſtorm'd, the Graff being likewiſe had no better Fortune ; yet
ſhallow, and the Wall, in ſome Pla- Colonel Waſhington, with a lefs Party,
ces, low, and weak ; which could finding a Place in the Curtain (be-
not be eaſil: approach'd, by reaſon tween the Places afſaulted by the other
the Ground was rocky, and the Re- two) weaker than the reſt, enter'd,
doubts high and very ſtrong, which and quickly made room for the Horſe
overlook'd the Ground; on the other to follow. The Enemy, as ſoon as
Side, the Ground was very eaſy to ap- they ſaw the Line enter'd in one Place,
proach, and as inconvenient, and either out of Fear, or by Command
dangerous to Storm, by reaſon of a of their Oficers, quit their Poſts ; ſo
plain Level before the Line, and a that the Prince enter'd with his Foot
84
AC
and
286
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and Horſe into the Suburbs ; ſending full Tide of Proſperity to the King,
for one thouſand of the Corniſh Foot, and made him Maſter of the ſecond
which were preſently ſent to ſecond City of his Kingdom, and gave him
him; and march'd up to Fromegate, the undiſturb’d Poffeffion of one of the
loſing many Men, and ſome very richeſt Counties of the Kingdom (for
good Officers, by Shot from the the Rebels had now no ſtanding Gar-
Walls
, and Windows; inſomuch as riſon, or the leaſt viſible Influence upp
all Men were much caſt down to ſee on any Part of Somerſetſhire) and ren
ſo little gotten with ſo great a Lofs; derd Wales (which was before well
for they had ſtill a more difficult En-. affected, except ſome Towns in Pem-
trance into the Town, than they had brokeſhire) more uſeful to him; being
yet paſſed, and where their Horſe freed of the Fear of Briſtol, and con-
could be of no Uſe to them ; when to fequently of the Charge, that always
the exceeding Comfort of Generals, attends thoſe Fears; and reſtored to
and Soldiers, the City beat a Parley; the Trade with Briſtol; which was
which the Prince willingly embracing, the greateſt Support of thoſe Parts.
and getting their Hoſtages into his Yet the King might very well have
Hands, fent Colonel Gerrard and ano- ſaid, what King Pyrrhus heretofore did,
ther Officer to the Governour to after his ſecond Battle, by the City of
Treat. The Treaty began about two Aſculum, with the Romans, where he
of the Clock in the Afternoon, and, won the Victory, If we win another
before ten at Night, the Town ſur. at this Price, we are utterly undone.
rendered on honourable Terms. And truly his Majeſty's Lofs before
The next Morning, his Highneſs this Town was ineſtimable, and very
was poffefs’d of Briſtol, the Enemy hard to be repaired. I am perſwaded
then marching away: Here the. ill there were ſlain, upon the ſeveral Al-
Example of Reading, in the Breach of faults, of Common Men, but ſuch as
the Articles, was remember'd, and were tried and incomparable Foot,
unhappily followed; for all that Gar- about five hundred ; and abundance
riſon was now here. So that they of excellent Officers, whereof many
with ſome Colour of Right, or Reta- were of prime Command, and Qua-
liation, and the reſt, by their Exam- lity.
ple, uſed great Licence to the Sol On the Corniſh Side, fell, beſides
diers, who ſhould have been ſafely Major Kendall, and many other infe-,
conducted; which reflected much up- rior Officers, excellent in their De-
on the Prince, thongh he uſed his' gree; Colonel Buck, a modeſt and a
utmoſt Power to ſuppreſs it. And as itout Commander, and of good Ex-
the Articles were thus unhappily vio- perience in War; who having got
lated to thoſe who went away, ſo they. Over the Graff, and even to the Top
were not enough obferv'd to thoſe of the Wall, was knock'd down with
who ſtayed, and to the City itſelf : a Halbert, and periſh'd in the Graff:
For many of Colonel Fiennes Soldiers Sir Nicholas Slanning, and Colonel
taking Conditions, and entering with John Trevanion, the Life and Soul of
the King's Army, inſtructed their the Corniſh Regiments, whofe Memo-
new Friends, who were moſt diſaffect- riės can never be enough celebrated;
ed; fo that one whole Street upon who engaged themſelves with the firſt
the Bridge, the Inhabitants whereof in the Oppoſition; and as ſoon as Sir
lay under ſome Brand of Malignity, Ralph Hopton, and thoſe other Gen-
though, no doubt, there were many tlemen came into Cornwal, joyn'd
honeſt Men among then, was almoſt with them. They were both young,
totally plunder'd; which, becauſe neither of them above., eight and
there was but little Juſtice done upon twenty, of entire Friendſhip to one
the Tranſgreſſors, was believ'd to be another, and to Sir Bevil Greenvil,
done by Connivance from the Oficers, whoſe Body was not yet buried; they
and more difcredited the King's For were both hurt almoſt in the fame
ces, and his Cauſe, than was then ta- Minute, and in the fame Place; both
ken Notice of, or diſcover d.
ſhot in the Thigh with Mufquet Bul-
This Reduction of Briſtol, was a ets; their Bones broken, the one dy.
1
+
ing
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 287
even now
1
1
ing preſently, the other fome few Honour, who were engaged in a
Days after ; and both had the Royal Quarrel that could never proſper but
Sacrifice of their Sovereign's very para by the Union of the Undertakers.
ticular Sorrow, and the Concurrence Prince Maurice, and, on his Behalf
of all good Mens; and that which is (or rather the other by his Impulſion)
a greater Solemnity to their Memo- Prince Rupert taking to Heart, that a
ries, as it fares with moſt greąt and Nephew of the King's ſhould be Lieu-
virtuous Men, whoſe Loſs is better tenant General to the Marquis, who
underſtood long afterwards, they had neither been exerciſed in the Pro-
were as often lamented, as the Acci- feſſion of a Soldier, nor
dents in the publick Affairs made the punctually ſtudied the Ofice of a Ge-
Courage and Fidelity of the Corniſh neral : 'On the other Hand, the Mar-
of greateſt Signification to the Cauſe. quis, who was of the moſt gentle Na-
On the North Side of Prince Ru- ture to the Gentle, and as rough and
pert's Army, fell very many good reſolute to the imperious, it
may
be,
Officers, the chief of whom was co- liked not the Prince's aſſuming to
lonel Harry Lunsford, an Officer of himſelf more than become a Lieute-
extraordinary Sobriety, Induſtry, and nant General, and ſometimes croſſing
Courage ; near whom, his excellent Acts of his with relation to the
go-
Lieutenant Colonel Moyle was like- verning, and diſpoſing the Affairs of
wiſe hurt, and died within few. Days, the Country, in which he knew him-
both ſhot out of a Window after they ſelf better verſed than the Prince; and
had enter'd the Suburbs. There were when Briſtol was taken, where the
hurt, the Lord Viſcount Grandifon, Marquis took himfelf to command in
Nephew to the Great Duke of Bucks chief, being a Town particularly with-
ingham, who was Colonel General of in his Commiſſion, and of which he
the King's Foot; Colonel John Bella was beſides Lord Lieutenant, he
fis, fince Lord Bellafis ; Colonel Ber- thought himſelf not regardfully enough
nard Aſhley ; Colonel Sir John Owen; uſed, that Prince Rupert had not only
and many other Officers of Name, of enter'd into the Treaty without his
whom none of Quality died of their Advice, but concluding the Articles
Wounds but the Lord. Grandiſon'; without ſo much as naming him, or
whoſe Loſs can never be enough la- taking Notice that he was there. And
mented.
therefore with as little Ceremony to
Upon the News of this Succeſs of his Highneſs, or ſo much as commu-
the King's Army, and likewiſe on the nicating it to either of the Princes,
Lord Fairfax's being defeated in the the Marquis declar'd, that he would
North, which came about this Time, give the Government of that City to
the Parliament fent Sir Willian Ar- Sir Ralph Hopton. Prince Rupert on
mtyne, young Sir Harry Vane, and two the other hand conceiv'd the Town
more, affifted with Mr. Marſhall, and won by him, being enter'd on that
Mr. Nye, two of their Clergy, into Side, in which he commanded abſo-
Scotland, to deſire their Brethren of lutely, and the Corniſh on the other
that Kingdom to advance with an Side abſolutely repulſed ;. and there.
Army to their Relief.
fore that the Diſpoſition of the Com-
But here we muſt not omit ſome un mand and Government of it, wholly
fortunate Paſſages, which accompa- belong'd to him. But when he heard
nied this Proſperity on the King's the Reſolution of the Marquis con-
Part; for the Sunſhine of his Conqueſt cerning Sir Ralph Hopton, who was
was ſomewhat clouded, not only by not to he put into the Scale with any
the Number and Quality of the Slain, private Man, he gave over the Deſign
but by the Jealouſies and Miſunder- of conferring it upon any of the Pre-
ítandings of thoſe who were alive. tenders ; and by the fame Meſſenger,
There was not, from the Beginning, by whom he advertiſed his Majefty of
that Conformity of Humour and In- the good Succeſs, he deſir'd, That he
clinations between the Princes and would bestow the Government of that
the Marquis of Hertford, as had been City reduced by him, upon himſelf, the
to be wilh'd between all Perſons of kich the King readily conſented to ;
noc
+
288
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
not ſuſpecting any Diſpute to be about of one .of the prime Noblémen of the
it. And ſhortly after an Expreſs ar- Kingdom, to which Order the Prince
riv'd likewiſe from the Marquis, with had not expreſs’d himſelf very debonair.
an Account of all Particulars, and that And theſe thought the King was, by
his Lordſhip had deſign'd Sir Ralph Counſel and Precept, to reform and
Hopton to be Governor of the new-got ſoften the Prince's Underſtanding and
City.
Humour ; and to perſwade him in Con-
Then, and not before, the King pliance with his Service, to decline the
underſtood what Streight he was in ; Conteſt, and ſuffer the Marquis to pro-
and was exceedingly perplexed to find ceed in his Diſpoſition, which on all
an Expedient to compoſe the Diffe- Parts, was acknowledg’d to be moſt
rence that he ſaw would ariſe. He fitly deſign’d.
had paſſed his Word to his Nephew, Others again were of Opinion, That
of whom he was very tender, and did the Right of diſpoſing the Command to
in truth believe that his Title to dif- whomſoever be thought fit, entirely be-
poſe the Government was very juft : longed to Prince Rupert ; and there-
he had likewiſe a very juſt Eſteem for fore (beſides that the King þed, by the
the Marquis, who had ſervd him with Jame Meſſenger who brought the Suit,
all Fidelity, and had clearly declared return’d his Conſent) that he could not
himſelf for him, when the doing o- be reaſonably refuſed, when he deſired it
therwiſe would have been inoſt preju- for himſelf; which would take away all
dicial to his Majeſty : And, it could poſſible Imagination of Diſreſpect to Sir
not be denied, no Subject's Affection Ralph Hopton, who could not take it
and Loyalty gave a greater Luftre to ill, that the Prince himſelf had taken a
the King's Cauſe, than that of the Command, that was deſign’d to him :
Marquis; and that which was a Cir- That the Eyes of the Army, were upon
cuſtance of infinite Moment, was the his Highneſs, whoſe Name was grown
nominating Sir Ralph Hopton; who as a Terror to the Enemy, as his Courage
he was a Perſon of highi Merit from and Conduit. had been very: proſperous to
the King, ſo he was the moſt gracious the-King ; ind if, after ſo happy and
and popular to that City, and the glorious' an Atchivement, be ſhould now
Country adjacent; and after ſo great receive a Repulſe in ſo reaſonable a Pre-
Service, and ſuffering in the Service, tence, though it would not leſſen his own
to expoſe him to a Refuſal, was both Duty or Alacrity in the Service, it
againſt the Kindneſs and Goodneſs of might have had an' unhappy Influence
the King's Nature, and his politick upon his Reputation and Intereſt in the
Foreſight into his Affairs. And as a Army; which could receive no Diminu-
Preſage how various the Interpretation tion without apparent Damage to his
would be abroad, of whatſoever he Majeſty : And therefore, that ſome
thould determine, he found the Minds Means ſhould be uſed to the Marquis,
and Affections of his own Court and to wave his Title, and to, conſent that
Council, with more Paffion than ordi- the Prince ſhould enjoy his Defires : So
nary, ready to deliver their Opinions. that they who were only fit to be em-
The Marquis was generally lov'd, and ployed to perſwade and alter either,
where he was not enough known to ſeem'd, and indeed were, paſſionately
be ſo, his Intereſt and Reputation in engaged againſt the Thing they were
the King was thought of wonderful to perſwade. Whereupon the King
Conſideration in the King's Buſineſs : diſcern'd that all depended upon his
and many were very much troubled to own Royal Wiſdom; and therefore
fee Prince Rupert, whoſe Activity and reſolv'd to take a Journey in his own
Courage in the Field they thought ve Perſon to Briſtol, and there to give
ry inftrumental, incline to get the ſuch a Rule as he ſhould find moſt ne-
Poffeſſion of the ſecond City of the ceſſary; to which, he preſumed, both
Kingdom into his Hands, or to en Perſons would conform themſelves, as
gage himſelf ſo much in the Civil Go- well cordially, as obediently.
vernment, as ſuch a Command fober That which the King propoſed to
ly executed muft neceſſarily compre- himſelf, was to gratify his Nephew
hend; and this as it were in Contempt with the Name, and the Marquis, by
makirja
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
289
making Sir Ralph Hopton enjoy the Marquis, to whom his Devotion had
Thing ;. upon obliging whom the been faſt and un haken, and as the
King's Care was very
particular. For Command now given him, was infe-
though he knew his Nature, as in rior to what the Marquis, who had
truth it was, moſt exactly free from the Power of Diſpoſal, had conferral
interrupting the leaſt publick Service on him,
and ſo that he ſhould vindi,
by private Ends or Thoughts, other cate the Title, which the King him,
Men would be apt to conceive and ſelf was loth to give a Judgment up-
publiſh a Diſreſpect to be done to him, on.. He was the more troubled, be-
which himſelf apprehended not; and cauſe he found that by ſubmitting to
therefore his Majeſty was not only, this Charge, he ſhould by ſome be
in his own princely Mind, to retain a thought to have deſerted the Marquis
very gracious Senſe of his Service, out of a Kind of Revenge for his hava
but to give Evidence to all Men, that ing deſerted the Enterprize, when he
he did fo. And ſo after he had made choſe, the laſt Year, rather to go in-
a joyful Entrance into Briſtol, which to Wales than Cornwal, and for his
was perform'd with all decent Solem. deſerting him again now, when he
nity, and uſed all kind and obliging brought all new Oficers to command
Expreſſions to the Marquis, he deſired the Army over their Heads who had
him in private to conſent, that he might raiſed it; and made the way for the
perform his Promiſe to his Nephew, new to come to them. Whereas the
which he had paffed before he had firſt, as is before remember'd, was
any Imagination that his Lordſhip o- done by his own Advice, as well as
therwiſe had determind of it ; with- his full Conſent ; and the latter, he
out ſpeaking at all of any other Title well knew, was rather to be imputed
his Highneſs had to it, but by his to Prince Maurice than to his Lord..
Majeſty's Promiſe.
He eſtabliſh'd ſhip, whoſe Kindneſs and Eſteem had
Prince Rupert in the Government of been ever very real to him.
Briſtol, who immediately fent a Com On the other hand, he ſaw plainly,
miſſion to Sir Ralph Hopton, (who was that if he refuſed to receive this Com-
now fo:well recover'd, that he walk'd miſſion, with what ſpecious Circum-
into the Air) to be his Lieutenant ſtances of Duty and Submiſſion foever,
Governor; ſignifying likewiſe to him, it might produce notable Diſturbances
by a Confident that paſſed between and Interruptions in the King's Af-
them, That though he was now engaged fairs; and that the Marquis, to com-
for ſome Time, which ſhould not be long, mon Underſtandings, had, to Obey
to keep the ſuperior Title himſelf, be the King, declined the Conteſt, and
would not at all meddle in the Govern- therefore that the reviving it, and
ment, but that he ſhould be as abſolute in the Miſchief that attended it, would
it, as if the original Commiſion had be imputed to his particular Account.
been granted to bim.
Beſides that, he had always borne an
Sir Ralph Hopton, who was exceed- avowd and declar'd Reverence to the
ingly. ſorry that his Name was at all Queen of Bohemia and her Children,
uſed, and expoſed, as an Argument whom he had perſonally and actively
of Difference and Miſunderſtanding ſerved in their Wars, whilft they main-
between Perſons of ſuch eminent In- tain'd any, and for whoſe Honour
fluence upon the Publick, quickly and Reſtitution he had been a zealous
diſcern'd that this Expedient, though and known Champion. And there-
it ſeem'd plaufible to leſſen the Noiſe fore he had no Inclination to diſoblige
of the Debate, did in truth object him a hopeful Prince of thàt Houſe, upon
to the full Envy of one Party. For whom our own Hopes ſeem'd ſo much
the Marquis (who by the King's Per- to depend. He therefore reſolv'd,
ſwaſtons was rather quieted, than fa- , according to his rare Temper through-
tisfied) might, and he foreſaw would, out this War, to let him whom he
be perſwaded to expect that he would profeſs’d to ſerve, chooſe, in what
refuſe the Commiſſion from Prince Kind he would be ſerv'd by hin; and
Rupert, both, as he might be thought chearfully receiv'd the Commiffion
to comply in an Injury done to the from Prince Rupert; upon which, all.
86
Diſ
.
4 D
290
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Diſcourſe, or debate of Difference, ginable Means to remove any Trouble,
was for the preſent determined, what or Jealouſy of his Favour' from the
whiſperings or murmurings foever re- Marquis's Mind ; his Majeſty freely
mained.
and clearly communicating to him all
The King found it now high time his Counſels, and the true Grounds of
to reſolve, to what Action next to dif- his Reſolution ; and declaring to him,
poſe his Armies, and that their lying That he would make him a Gentleman of
Atill ſo long there (for theſe Agitations his Bed-Chamber, and Grcoin of his
had kept the main Work from going Stole, and that he would always have
forward ten or twelve Days, a Time his Company and Advice about him;
in that Seaſon unfortunately loſt) had with which the Marquis was ſatisfied,
more weaken'd, than refreſhed them; rather becauſe he reſolved not to dif-
having not loft more Men by fform- obey him, than that he was well
ing the City, than afterwards by plun- pleaſed with the Price of the Obliga-
dering it: thoſe Soldiers, who had tions.
warm'd themſelves with the Burthen The next, Reſolution to be taken,
of Pillage, never quietly again ſub was concerning the King's own Mo.
mitting to the Carriage of their tion with the other Army. There was
Arms.
not a Man, who did not think the re-
This Affair being ſettled, the King ducing of Gloceſter, a City within lit-
gave Order to the Earl of Carnarvon tle more than twenty Miles of Briſtol,
to advance towards Dorcheſter (the of mighty importance to the King, if
Chief Town in that Country, and one it might be done without a great ex-
of the moſt malignant in England, pence of Time, and loſs of Men: It
where the Rebels had a Garriſon) with was the only Garriſon the Rebels had
the Horſe and Dragoons, and the between Briſtol and Lancaſter, on the
next Day to Prince Maurice to march North part of England, and if it could
after with the Foot and Cannon; his be recovered, his Majeſty would have
Majeſty keeping with him the Mar- the River of Severn entirely within his
quis of Hertford to attend his own Command ; whereby his Garriſons of
Perſon; for though he well faw; he Worceſter, and Shrewſbury, and all
ſhould undergo fome Inconveniences, thoſe Parts, might be ſupplied from
by withdrawing the Marquis from that Briſtol; and the Trade of that City
Employment, the Opinion of the thereby ſo advanced, that the Cuſtoms
Soundneſs of his Religion, and In- and Duty might bring a notable Re-
tegrity of his Juſtice, rendring him venue to the King, and the Wealth
by much the moſt popular Man in of the City encrea ſing, it might bear the
thoſe Parts, and was exceeding tender Burden for the War: A rich and
of giving the leaſt umbrage and di- populous Country, which hitherto
ftaſte to his Lordſhip, upon whoſe father yielded Conveniericies of Quar-
Honour and Affection he relied en- ter; than a ſettled Contribution, might
tirely, and would as ſoon have truſted be wholly the King's Quarters, and
his Crown npon his Fidelity, as upon by how much it had offended, and
any Man's in his three Kingdoms, yet diſquieted the King, more than other
he diſcerned plainly that the Prince and Countries, by ſo much the more Moi
the Marquis would never agree to- ney might be raiſed upon them. Be-
gether ; and that there were Perſons fides the general weekly Contributions,
about them, who would foment their the Yeomanry, who had been moſt for:
Indiſpoſitions to each other, with any ward and ſeditious, being very weal-
hazard to his Service, and concluded, thy, and able to redeem their Delin-
that he ſhould ſooner reduce his Peo- quency at a high Price, there was ano-
ple by the Power of his Army, than ther Argument of no leſs, if not
by the Perſwaſions of his Counfel; greater Moment than all the reſt: If
and that the Roughneſs of the one's Gloceſter were reduced, there would
Nature, might prevail more than the need no Forces to be left in Wales, and
Lenity and Condeſcenſion of the o- all thoſe Soldiers might be then drawn
ther : and therefore he ſent the Prince to the marching Army, and the Contri.
on that Employment;. uſing all ima- bætions and otker Taxes afligned to the
Pczyment
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
291
Payment of it. Indeed the King would ſuch a Caſe from one Friend to ano-
have had a glorious, and entire Part ther. This Meſſenger return'd when
of his: Kingdom, to have contended the King's and the Army's Motion
with the reſt.
was under Debate, and brought an
Yet all theſe Motives were not Anſwer from the Governor to Colonel
thought worth the engaging his Army Leg, in a very high Style, and ſeem-
in a doubtful Siege ; whilſt the Par- ing to take it much unkindly, That
liament might both recover the Fear he ſhould endeavour to corrupt bim in
that was upon them, and conſequent- bis Honeſty and Fidelity, and to-per-
ly allay and compoſe the Diſtempers, ſuade him to break a Truſt, which, to
and recruit their Army; and there- ſave bis Life, he would never do ; with
fore that it was better to march into much Diſcourſe of his Honour and Re-
fome of thoſe Counties which were putation, which would be always dear
moſt oppreſs’d by the Enemy, and to him. But the Meſſenger faid withial,
there wait ſuch Advantage as the Di- That, after the Governor bad given him
ſtraction in and about London would this Letter, and ſome ſharp Reproaches
adminiſter, except there could be ſome before Company, he was brought again
probable Hope that Glocefter might be a back Way, to a place where the Goa
got without much Delay. And to vernor was by himſelf ; and then he
that purpoſe there had been ſecret told him, That it was moſt neceſſary be
Agitation, the Effect whereof was mould write ſuch an-Anſwer as he had
hourly expected. The Governor of dones which was communicated to
that Garriſon was one Colonel Maf- thoſe, who elſe would bave been jealous
ſey, a Soldier of Fortune, who, had, what ſuch a Meſſenger ſhould come to
in the late Northern Expeditions pré- him about'; but that he mould tell Wil-
pared by the King againſt Scotland, liam Leg, that he was the ſame Man
been an Officer in the King's Army, be had ever been, bis Servant; and
under the Command of Colonel Wilt that he wiſh'd the King well; that he
liam Leg; and, in the Beginning of beard Priuce Rupert meant to bring tbe
theſe Troubles, had been at York; Army before that Town; if he did, be.
with: Inclination to ſerve the King ; would defend it. as well as he could;
but finding himſelf not enough knowri and bis Highneſs. would find another.
there, and that there would be little Work than he had at Briſtol ; but if the
gotten, but the Comfort of a good King himſelf came with his Army and
Conſcience, he went to London, where ſummon'd it, he would not hold it againſt
there was more Money, and fewer bim : For it would not ſtand with his
Officers; and was eaſily made. Lieu. Conſcience to fight againſt the Perfor
tenant-Colonel to the Earl of Stam-, of the King : Beſides that in ſuch a Cafe
ford; and being quickly found to be he ſhould be able to perſuade thoſe of
a diligent and ſtout Officer, and of no the Town, which otherwiſe he could
ill Parts of Converſation to render not do.
himſelf acceptable among the Com This Meſſage turn'd the Scale; for
mon People, was by his Lordſhip, though it might be without purpoſe
when he went into the Weſt, left Go. of being honeſt, yet there was no
vernor of the City of Gloceſter, where great Objection againſt the King's
he had behav'd himſelf actively and marching that Way with his Army;
ſucceſsfully. There was no Reaſon to ſince it would be ſtill in his Power to
deſpair, that this Man (not intoxi- purſue any other Counſel, without en-
cated with any of thoſe Fumes which gaging before it. And it was to ſome
made Men rave, and frantick in the a Sign that he meant well, becauſe he
Cauſe) might not be wrought upon. had not hang’d, or at leaſt impriſon'd
And William Leg, who had the good the Meſſenger who came to him on
Opinion of moſt Men, and the par- ſuch an Errand. Hereupon the King
ticular Kindneſs of Prince Rupert, reſolved for Gloceſter, but not to be
had ſent a Meſſenger, who was like to engaged in a Siege, and ſo ſent his
paſs without Suſpicion to Gloceſter, Army that Way, and the next Day
with ſuch a Letter of Kindneſs and having firſt ſent Sir Ralph Hopton a
Overture to Maſſey, as was proper in Warrant to create him Baron Hopton
of
.
1
292 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
1
:
of Stratton, in Memory of the happy ſevere Countenances merry, and the
Battle fought there) with the Re- moſt chearful Hearts fad; for it was
mainder of his Forces marched to- impoſſible ſuch Embaſſadors could
wards it. On Wedneſday the tenth of bring leſs than a Defiance. The Men,
Auguſt, the King ranged his whole without any Circumſtances of Duty,
Army upon a fair Hill, in the clear or good Manners; in a pert, Thrill,
View of the City, and within leſs undiſmayed accent, faid, They bad
than two Miles of it; and then, being brought an Anſwer from the Godly of
about two of the Clock in the After- Glouceſter to the King ; and deliver-
noon, he ſent a Trumpet with this, ed a Paper containing Expreſſions both
Summons to the Town.
inſolent and feditious,
Out of our tender Compaſſion to our This Paper was fubſcrib'd by Wife
City of Gloceſter, and that it may not the Mayor, and Mally the Governor,
receive Prejudice by our Army, which with thirteen of the Aldermen, and
We cannot prevent if We be compelled moſt ſubſtantial Citizens, and eleven
to Aſſault it, We are perſenally come Officers of the Garriſon; and as ſoon
before it to require the ſame ; and are as their Meſſengers return'd, who were
graciouſly pleaſed to let all the Inhabi- quickly diſmiſſed, without attending
tants of, and all other Perſons within to ſee what the King refolv'd, all the
the City, as well Soldiers as others, Suburbs of the City, in which were
know, that if they Mall immediately ſub- very large and fair Buildings, well in-
mit themſelves, and deliver this our habited, were ſet on Fire ; ſo that
City to Us, We are contented, freely, there was no doubt, the King was to
and abſolutely to pardon every one of expect nothing there but what could
shem, without Exception ; and do af- not be kept from him. Now was the
fure them, in the Word of a King, that Time for new Debates, and new Re-,
they, nor any of them ſhall receive the ſolutions; to which Men came not ſo
leaſt Damage or Prejudice by our Army unbiaffed, or unſwayed, as they had
in their perſons and Estates ; but that been at Briſtol. This Indignity, and
We will appoint ſuch a Governor, and Affront the King prompted
a moderate Garriſon to reſide there, as Thoughts of Revenge'; and ſome
Mall be both for the Eaſe and Security thought the King ſo far engaged,
of that City, and that whole County. But that in Honour he could not do leſs
if they all neglect this Proffer of Grace than ſit down before the Town, and
and Favour, and compel us, by the Pow- force it : And theſe Inclinations gave
er of Our Army to reduce that Place, Countenance, and Credit to all thoſe
which, by tbe help of God, we doubt plauſible Informations of Imall Provi-
not, we shall be eaſily and ſhortly able fions in the Town, either of Viftual, or
to do). they muſt thank themſelves for all Ammunition ; that, where the Town
the Calamities and Miſeries must befall was ſtrongeſt, there was nothing but an
them. To this Meſage we expect a old Stone Wall, which would fall upon
clear and poſitive Anſwer, within two an eaſy Battery ; that there were many
Hours after the publiſhing hereof; and well affected People in the Town, who,
by theſe Preſents do give leave to any with thoſe who were incenſed by the
Perſons, ſafely to repair to and return burning of the Suburbs, and the great
from us, whom that City hall deſire to Loſſes they muſt ſuſtain thereby, would
employ unto us in that Bufineſs. And make ſuch a Party, that as ſoon as they
do require all the Officers and Soldiers were diſtreſſed, the feditious Party would
of our Army, quietly to ſuffer them to be forced to yield. It was alledg’d, that
paſs accordingly.
the Enemy bad no Army ; nor, by all
Intelligence, was like to form any soon
Within leſs than the Time preſcrib- enough to be able to relieve it ; and if
ed, together with the Trumpeter, re- they had an Army, that it was much
turn'd two Citizens from the Town, better for his Majeſty to force them to
with lean, pale, ſharp, and bad Vi- that Diſtance from London, and to
ſages, indeed Faces To ftrange, and fight there, where be could be ſupplied
unuſu 1, and in ſuch a Garb and Po- with whatſoever he wanted, could chooſe
fture, a that at once made the moſt his own Ground, where bis brave Body
. of
to
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
293
1
of Horſe would be able to defeat Any Title of an Army. So that the War
Army they could raiſe, than to ſeek then ſeem'd to be even at an End in a Senſe
in their own Quarters.
very contrary to what they had un-
Above all, the Confidence of the dertaken ; their General talking more,
Soldiers of the beſt Experience moved and preſſing for Reparation and Vin-
his Majeſty ; who upon riding about dication of his Honour from Imputa-
the Town, and taking a near View of tions, and Aſperſions, than for a Re-
it, were clear of Opinion, that they cruit of Forces, or providing an Ar-
ſhould be able in leſs than ten Days my to defend them. Every Man re-
by Approach, for all Thoughts of proach'd his Neighbour with his Want
Storming were laid aſide upon the of Inclination to Peace, when good
Loſs at Briſtol, to win it. This pro- Conditions might be had, and magni-
duced a Reſolution in his Majeſty, fied his' own. Wiſdom, for having
not one Man in the Council of War fear'd it would come to this.
diſſwading it. So the King preſently But the Parliament immediately ap-
ſent to Oxford for his General the Earl ply'd Remedies to redreſs thoſe Éviſs,
..of Brentford to come to him, with all particularly to recover the Spirits. of
the Foot that could be ſpared out of the Earl of Elſex, whoſe Indiſpoſition
that Garriſon, and his Pieces of Bat-' troubled them more than any other
tery, to govern'that Action: Prince Diſtreſs they were in. Firſt they ca-
Rupert wiſely declining that Province, reſſed Sir William Waller with won-
and retiring himſelf into the General- derful Kindneſs and Eſteem ; and as
ſhip of the Horſe, that he might not he was met upon his Return to Lon-
be thought accountable for any Acci- don, after the moſt total Defeat that
dents which ſhould attend that Ser- could almoſt be imaginid (for though
vice. At the ſame Inſtant, Orders few of his Horſe were kill'd upon the
were diſpatch'd to Sir William Vava- Place; they were ſo ruinouſly diſperſ-
four, who commanded all the Forcesin ed, that of above two thouſand, there
South Wales, to draw all his Men to were not three hundred gotten toge-
the Foreſt Side of the Town; where ther again for their Service) with all
the Bridges being broken down, a their Train'd-Bands and Militia of
ſmall Strength' would keep them in, London, and receiv'd as if he had
and any from going to them, which brought the King Priſoner with him,
within two Days was done. Thus the ſo he was immediately choſen Gover-
King was engaged before Gloceſter ; nor and Cominander in chief of the
and thereby gave Reſpite to the di- . Forces and Militia of London, for the
ítracted Spirits at London, to breathe, Defence of the City; and it was now
and compoſe themſelves; and, more declar'd, That they would forthwith
methodically than they hoped to have ſupply him with a good Body' of Horſe,
donę, to prepare for their Preſerva- and Foot, to take the Field again, and
tion, and accompliſhing their own relieve their diſtreſſed Friends in the
Ends; which at that Time feem'd al- Weſt. Then another Ordinance was
moſt deſperate, and incurable. paffed to raiſe a great Army, under
The direful News of the Surrender the Command of the Earl of Manche-
of Briſtol, which was brought to the ſtér (who had been always ſteady to
two Houſes on the 21ſt of July, ſtruck his firſt Principles, and never a Friend
them to the Heart, and came upon to any Overture of Accommodation)
them as a Sentence of Death, after a in order to the oppoſing the Earl of
vaſt Conſumption of Money, and Newcaſtle, and to take Charge of all
confident Promiſes of deſtroying all the aſſociated Counties; which were
the King's Forces by a Day, every Effex, Hertford, Cambridge, Norfolk,
Tax and Impoſition being declar'd to Suffolk, Huntington, and (by a new
be the laſt; and for finiſhing the Addition) Lincoln ; and for the ſpee-
Work, the Earl of Eſex was at the dy raiſing Men to joyn to thoſe who
fame Time return’d to Kingſton, with- would voluntarily liſt themſelves un-
in ten Miles of them, with his broken der theſe two beloved Generals, there
and diſmay'd Troops, which himſelf was an Ordinance paſſed both Houſes
would not endure ſhould have the for the Preſſing of Men; which ſeem'd
87
4 E
fome.
+
.
294
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
fomewhat to diſcredit their Cauſe, it is moſt certain, that as the Con.
that, after ſo much Pretence to the fidence in him gave many
Lords the
Hearts of the People, they ſhould be Spirit to appear Champions for Peace,
now compellid to fight whether they who had been before as follicitous a-
would or no; and was the more won gainſt it, ſo the Deſign was then the
der'd at, becauſe they had themſelves fame, which hath been ſince proſecut-
procured the King's Conſent to an Act ed, with effect to a worſe Purpoſe,
this Parliament, that declar'd it to be that is, for the Members of both.
unlawful to preſs, or compel any of Houſes who were of one Mind, upon
the free-born Subjects to march out of that ſignal Riot, and compelling the.
the County in which they liv.d, if he Houſe of Commons to renounce their
were not willing ſo to do; and Direc- former Reſolution of Propoſitions to
tion was given by other Ordinances to the King, to have gone to the Ear!
preſs great Numbers of Men, to ſerve of Elſex, and there, under the Securi.
both under the Earl of Mancheſter, ty of their own Army, to have pro-
and Sir William Waller ; and having teſted againſt the Violence which was
thus provided for the worſt, and let offer'd, the Breach of their Privileges
the Earl of Elex diſcern, that they by the Common Councils taking No-
had another Earl to truſt to, and more tice of their Councils, and over-ruling
Generals than one at their Devotion, their Concluſions, and to have declar-
they ſent a formal Committee of bothed their want of Freedom : by Means
Houſes to him, to uſe all imaginable whereof, they made no doubt to have
Art, and Application to him, to re- drawn the Houſes to conſent to ſuch
cover him to his former Vigour, an Agreement as the King would
and Zeal in their Cauſe. They told well have approved of; or to have
him the bigh Value the Houſes bad of enter'd upon ſuch a Treaty themſelves
the Service be bad done, and the Ha- with the King, as all the moderate
Zards, Dangers, and Loſjes, be bad for Part of the Kingdom would have
their Sakes undergone : That be ſhould been glad to be comprehended under,
receive as ample a Vindication for the But this ſtaggering in their General
Calumnies, and Aſperſions raiſed on fruſtrated that Deſign, and put them
him, as be could defore, from the full to other Reſolutions ; and ſo having
Teſtimony, and Confidence of the two render'd themſelves very ungracious
Houſes; and if the infamous Authors of in the Houſes, and poffibly ſuſpecting
them could be found, their Puniſhment the Earl of Eſſex might diſcover ſome
should be as noierious as their Libels: of their Overtures, many of the Lords
That no other Forces should be recruited left the Town, and went either directa
till bis were made up; and that all ly to Oxford, or into the King's Quar-
bis Soldiers Arrears hould be paid, and ters; the Earl of Portland, and the
Cloaths preſently ſent for his Foot. Lord Lovelace directly to Oxford; and
Whether theſe Reaſons, with the the Lord Conway, ſhortly after them;
Jealouſy of the Earl of Mancheſter, the Earl of Clare into Worceſter-ſhire,
upon whom he plainly faw the violent and from thence, by the King's free
Party wholly depended, or the In- Acceptation, to Oxford; there being no
fuſions pour'd into him by the Lord other objection againſt his Lordłhip,
Say, and Mr. Pym, of the Deſperate- than his ſtaying ſo long at London ;
neſs of his own Condicion, with an but his total differing with them in all
Opinion, upon the Differences be their Extravagances, he having no
tween the two Princes and the Mar manner of relation to the Court, ren-
quis of Hertford, that the Marquis's der'd him to his Majeſty's Opinion
Services were not enough valued by under a very good Character. The
the King (which many deſired ſhould Earls of Bedford, and Holland, not
be thought to have then ſome in- without ſome difficulty, their Purpoſe
fluence upon the Earl) or whether he being diſcover'd or ſuſpected, got in-
had not Steadineſs enough, to engage to the King's Garriſon at Wallingford,
in fo hazardous an Enterpriſe, he grew from whence the Governor gave Ad-
inſenſibly alter'd from his moderate "vertiſement of their Arrival; the Earl
Inclinations, and deſire of Peace; for of Northumberland, with the Leave of
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
..295
rections in Kent againſt their Ordi- ter Part of all thoſe Counties, eſpe-
the Houſe, retired for his Healçh to leſſened exceedingly by the Loſſes it
his Houſe at Petworth in Suſſex; ſuſtain'd before Briſtal; and when that
which though it was in a County en Part of it was marched with Prince
tirely then at the Parliament's Devo- Maurice into the Weſt, and which
țion, yet it was near enough to be in- could not have march'd any other
feſted from ſome of the King's Quar- Way, the King had not much above
ters, if he had not ſome Aſſurance of fix thouſand Foot to march with,
being ſafe there.
though he left none at Briſtol, but
The violenc Party carried now all'obliged my Lord Höpton to garriſon
before them; and were well content it as he could, which he ſhortly did ;
ed with the Abſence of thofe who uſed and that would have appeared a very
to give them fome Trouble and Vexa- ſmall Army to have march'd towards
tion. For the better ſtrengthening London ; though it is true the Horſe
themſelves with the People, they or was a noble Body, and ſuperior in
der'd the Divines of the Aſſembly, to Number to that of the Foot.
repair into the Country to their Cures, There was likewiſe another Circumi-
eſpecially in the Counties of the Affo- ſtance, that few Men were then ac-
ciation under the Earl of Mancheſter, quainted with: Upon the firſt News
to ſtir up the People, with all their of the taking of Briſtol, his Majeſty,
Eloquence, to riſe as one Man againſt before he left Oxford, had ſent an Ex-
their Sovereigns and omitted nothing. preſs to the Earl of New-Caſtle, who
within their Power, which might con was then engaged before Hull, That if
tribute to the raiſing Men or Money; be found the Buſineſs of Hull to be more
being riot a little joyed when they un: difficult than be expected, he ſhould leave
derſtood the King had given them it block'd up at a Diſtance, which might
more time than they expected, to com- reſtrain Excurſions into the Country,
poſe a ll Diſorders and Diviſions among and march with bis Army into the aſſo-
themſelves, by his ſtaying with his ciated Counties; which comprehend-
Army before Gloceſter; which they ed Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge-ſhire,
took to be the greater Bleffing, and and Elfex, &c. which had affociated
Préſervation to them, becauſe at the themſelves, by ſome Agreement, to
fame Time there were ſudden Inſur- ferve the Parliement; though the bef-
nances and Juriſdiction, in defence of. cially of the two greater, were moſt
the known Laws, and eſpecially of affected to the King, and wilh'd for
the Book of Common Prayer; which, `an Opportunity to expreſs it; and if
if the King's Army had been at any the Earl would bring his Army through
diſtance to have countenanced, they thoſe Counties towards London, his
would never have been able to ſup- Majeſty would then reſolve, with his
preſs.
own, to march towards it on the other
The Fame of all theſe Diſtractions Side. And in the very Time that his
and Diſorders at London, exceedingly Majeſty came before Gloceſter, and bio-
diſpoſed Men in all Places to reproach fore he took the Reſolution to ſit down
his Majeſty's ſtay before Gloceſter; his before it, that Expreſs returned from
Friends at London defiring that his the Earl of New-Caſtle, who inform'd
Majeſty ſhould march directly thither, him, that it was impoſſible for him to
to take the Advantage of thoſe Di comply with his Commands, in march-
ſtractions; and the Lords of the Coun- ing with his Army into the aſſociated
cil at Oxford, upon the Intelligence Counties, for that the Gentlemen of the
and Advice from thence, were very Country, who had the beſt Regiments,
follicitous that the King would take and were among the best Officers, ut-
that Reſolution, to which he was him. terly refuſed to march, except Hull
ſelf enough inclin'd. But his Cóndi- were firſt. taken ; and that he had not
tion was believ'd to be, in both Places, ſtrength enough to march and to leave
better than it was ; and that he had Hull ſecurely block'd up; which Ad-
now a victorious Army, without an vertiſemert, with the Confideration
Enemy to reſtrain his Motion; where before mention'd, of the enlarging
as, in truth, his was a weak Army, his Quarters by the taking of Gloceſter,
and
296
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion.
1
and the Concurrence of all the Om. Influence upon the Aations, or, Delibera-
ċers, that it would ſpeedily be taken, tions at Weſtminſter, or London, or
produced the Reſolution of attempt- any confiderable Perſons there : That
ing it, notwithſtanding that the Queen they were but ſingle Men, without any
herſelf writ ſo importunately againſt conſiderable Dependance upon them :
it, that his Majeſty thought it necef- Whilſt they had Reputation, and In-
ſary to make a Journey himſelf to Ox- tereſt enough to do Good or Hürt, and
ford, to convince her Majeſty, and to the King's Condition needed their At
compoſe ſome Diſtempers which were tendance, they choſe to be engaged a-
· riſen among his Council there, upon, gainſt him; but now, when they were
the News of the Arrival of ſome of able to do him no more Harm, they
the Lords mention'd before in thoſe came to receive Benefit and Advantage
Quarters.
from him: That there could enſué no
The King was newly ſat down be- Inconvenience from any Reſervedneſs
fore Gloceſter, when the Governor of and Coldneſs towards them; for they
Wallingford fent Notice to Oxford, of durft not return to London's having
the Arrival of thoſe two Earls ; to now made themſelves odious to that
whom the Lords of the Council
. re- Party, and having no Hope but-from
turn'd Direction, That they mould ſtay the Acceptance of his Majeſty; which
there, till the King's Pleaſure was un- they ſhould merit before they found.
derſtood, to whom the Secretary had There was a third Opinion between
fent the Information, and deſir'd his theſe Extremes, That they shouid be
Majeſty's Will concerning their Re- neither courted nor neglected, but be
*ception. The King well knew, any admitted to kiſs the King's and Queen's
Order he ſhould give in it, would be Hands, and to diſpoſe themſelves as they
liable to many Objections, and he thought fit ; and ſo to leave the rest to:
had not ſo good an Inclination to ei: their future Demeanoúr :
And to re-
ther of them, as to run any Inconve- ſolve which of theſe Opinions to-foli:
nience for their Sakes; the Earl of low, was another Motive for his Ma-
-Bedford having ſerv'd in Perſon againſt jeſty's ſudden Journey to Oxford:
him, as the General of the Rebels The King found greater Alterations
Horſe;. and the Earl of Holland, in in the Minds and Spirits at Oxfordo
the King's Opinion, having done than he expected after ſo much Súc-
'worſe. And therefore his Majeſty ceſs had befallen him ; and that Şuçr:
commanded, That his Privy. Council ceſs was it, that had made the Altera'
jould debate: the Matter among them. tion;
it being the unlucky Temper of
felves, and preſent their Opinion and that Place, to be the ſooneft caft
Advice to him, and he would then de- down upon any Misfortune, or Loſs,
termine what kind of Entertainment and to be again, upon any Victory,
they ſhould have.
the moſt elated, and the inoſt apt to
The Opinions at the Board were ſe- undervalue any Difficulties which re-
-veral ; ſome thought, That his Ma- main’d. The taking Briſtol häd fo.
jeſty ſhould receive them very graciouſly, poſſeſs’d, them with Joy, that they
and with all outward Expreſſions of his thought the War even at an end, and
· Acceptance of their Return to bis Ser. that there was nothing left to be done,
vice; which would be a great Encou- but to take Poffeffion of London ;
ragement to others to come away too. which they were aſſured would be de-
Many differ'd diametrically from this; liver'd to them upon Demand : Ma-
and were ſo far from thinking this ny Members of both Houſes were
Advice agreeable to the Dignity, or come to Oxford, which aſſured them,
Security of the King ; that they
that they The violent People there, were even in
thought it not fit to admit them pre- Deſpair ; and after the News came of
ſently to the King's or Queen's Preſence, the Surrender of Briſtol, that they had
till by their good Carriege and Demea- only kept up their Spirits in hopes that
nour, they ſhould give some Teſtimony of the King would engage bis Army in the
their Affections.
Siege of Gloceſter, which ſome of them
It was faid, That the good, or ill bad" ſeem'd to "promiſe their Friends
Reception of theſe. Lords, could have no would be the Caſe: From whence they
woul
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
294
would infer, That the King was be than had been offer'd in their former
trayed, and that they who had perfwa: Conferences; fo that there was ſcarce
ded him to undertake that Deſign, were known ſuch an Union in Opinion at
corrupted by the Parliament. And the that Board, in any Thing, where
Envy and Jealouſy of all this fell upon any Diſunion was very inconveniient.
Sir John Colepepper, who was indeed All exaggerated the Carriage and
of the Opinion for the Siege, but, foul Ingratitude of the Earl of Holland
without doubt, how much foever he from the Beginning of ihe Parliament ;
ſuffer'd at that Time, and afterwards, and the Earl of Bedford's being Gene-.
under that Reproach, he believ'd ral of the Horſe in the Earl of Effex's
there was very good Reaſon for that Army; and now when the Parliament
Engagement, and was moſt free from
was low, and they had loſt their Credit
any corrupt End, and of moſt ſincere and Intereſt there, they were come 10
Fidelity.
the King, whom they had so much of-
This Diſcourſe and Imagination had fended; and expe&ted to be as much, it
made wonderful Impreſſion upon the may be, inore made of; than they who.
Queen, who was infamed with a Jea- had borne the Heat of the Day; which
louſy that there was a Deſign to leſſen would so much reflect upon the King's
her Intereſt in the King, and that Honour; that Men would be exceeding-
Prince Rupert was chief in that Con- Ly diſcouraged to ſerve him. Some
ſpiracy, and meant to bring it to paſs moved, That they might not be ſufferid
by keeping the King ſtill in the Army, to come to Oxford, or where the King
and by hindring his coming to Oxford: or Queen ſhould be ; but permitted to
And out of this Apprehenſion the live in ſome other Place within the
Queen had written fo warmly to the King's Quarters, until they ſhould mania
King, who was the moſt incapable of feſt their Affections by fome Service :
any
ſuch Apprehenſions, and had her They who thought this too ſevere and
Majeſty in ſo perfect an Adoration, unpolitick, propoſed, that they might
that as ſoon as he receiv'd that Letter, be ſuffer'd to come to Oxford, that
without Delay he came to Oxford, and thereby they might be kept from return-
quickly compoſed thoſe Miſtakes ; ing to the Parliament (which appear'd
though the being engaged before Glo-
to moſt to be liable to many Excep-
ceſter was ſtill very grievous, and Re- tions) But that being' at Oxf they
proaches were publickly caſt upon hould not come to Court; and that na
thoſe who gave the Advice.
Privy Counſellor ſhould viſit them.
But that which took up moſt of the In this whole Debate, the Chancel-
Time of that one Day that the King lor of the Exchequer, who feldom
ſtayed at Oxford, was concerning the ſpoke without ſome' Earneſtneſs; was
two Lords who were retain’d at Wal- the only Man (except another, who
lingford; which had been agitated in brought no Credit to the Opinion,
the Council with great Paſſion before the Lord Saville) who adviſed confi-
the King's coming. The King cauſed dently, That they might be very gra-
the Council to meet the next Morn- ciouſly received by both their Majeſties,
ing, and aſked their Advice, Whether and civilly be viſited and treated by every
the Earls of Bedford, and Holland, Body; that other Men mights by the
should be admitted to come into Oxford, Entertainment they received, be en-
or obliged to return from whence they couraged to deſert the Parliament too.
canize ? And it cannot be enough He ſaid, It would be too great a Dif-
wonder'd at, that there ſhould be any advantage to the King, and to his
Difference of Opinion in that Matter; Cauſe, that whilft the Parliament uſed
but it cannot be expreſsd, with how all the Induſtry and Artifices, to corrupt
much Earneftneſs and Unreaſonable- the Duty and Affection of the Subječi,
neſs the whole was debated, and how and had their Arms open to receive and
warmly even they, who in all other embrace all who would come to them,
Debates ſtill expreſsid all Moderation bis Majeſty should admit none to return
and Temper, did now oppoſe the re to him, who had been faulty, or not
ceiving theſe Lords with any Grace, come se foon as they ought to have done."
with more Paſſion, and other Reaſons; The King, during the whole De-
88
bate,
1
4 F
298
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
nance.
bate, did not expreſs any thing of his terid his own particular Affairs ; ; and
Senſe, ſave that he ſeem'd well pleaſed during his ſtay, had never concurri
with any ſharpneſs that was expreſsd in any malicious Counſel againſt the
towards the Earl of Holland. He King, but was looked upon as a Man,
ſaid, That he was bound to his good Be- not only firm to the Principles of
haviour, by being under the common Re- Monarchy, but of Duty to the Perſon
proach of inclining too much to thoſe of the King. He was a Man of Ho-
who had uſed bim worſt į of which he nour, and of courage, and would
would not be guilty: However, he did have been an excellent Perſon, if his
not think, at this Time, that it would Heart had not been ſet too much
up-
be good to make any Perſons deſpe- on the keeping and improving his
rate, and therefore gave Order, that Eſtate ; he was weary of the Com-
the Governor of Wallingford should pany he kept, and eaſily hearkend to
permit them to continue their. Journey the Earl of Holland, in any Conſulta-
to Oxford ; where all Men might uſe tion how to recover the King's Autho-
what civilties they pleaſed to them; and rity, and to put an end.to the War,
that himſelf, and the Queen, would do The Earl of Ellex was, as is ſaid be-
that towards them, which upon their fore, enough provoked, and incenſed,
Application and Addreſs, they fould and willingly heard all the Lords, and
think fit; and though this Determina- others, who inveighed againſt the
tion was given, without the leaſt Dil. violent Proceedings of thoſe who
covery of Grace towards the Perſons ſway'd the Parliament, and differ'd
or thoſe Lords, and not without ſome not with them in his Judgment of the
Reflections of Prejudice towards them, Men, and the Matter: ſo that they
it was not grateful to the Table; which believ'd that he would as readily be.
was evident enough by their Counte- diſpoſed to agree upon the Remedy,
The next Morning, the King as he did upon the Diſeaſe.
returned to the Army.
Their End and Deſign was, as I
There had been, 'as is ſaid, very faid, if they could draw him to a
great Diviſions in the Counſels at Concurrence, that they, and all the
Weſtminſter; and the ill Succeſſes in reſt of thoſe who were accounted mo
the Defeat of Waller, and the taking derate Men, that is whọ deſir'd a
of Briſtol, had given every Man Peace, and to return to their Duty to
Courage to ſay what he would. A the King (which were much the Major
great Number of the Houſe of Com-' part of both Houſes that remained at
mons, who were known always to Weſtminſter, after ſo many, of both
wiſh well, came to Oxford: and of the were gone to the King) might all go
Peers, the Earl of Portland, who was to the Army; and thereupon the Ge.
always very faithful to the King, neral, and they, to write to the Par-
and had ſtayed in the Houſe of Peers liament together, and to ſend ſuch
by his Majeſty's Leave, came at this Propoſitions to them, as the Parlia-
Time to Oxford, together with the ment ſhould tranſmit to the King, as
Lord Conway, and the Lord Lovelace: the Conditions of Peace. If the King
The Return of the Earl of Elex to. Should refuſe to conſent to them, it
London in ill humour, had given Op- would be an infallible Way to'unite
portunity to the Earl of Holland, and all People to compel him to it: but if
the reſt, who were weary of the Work the Parliament would refuſe to tranſ-
in Hand, to inflame him to reſent- mit thoſe Propoſitions to the King, or
ment of the Neglects which had been to conſent to a Peace upon thoſe Con-
put upon him, and the Jealouſies ditions, they would then declare a-
which were entertain'd of him. The gainſt them, for not adhering to the
Earl of Bedford had given up his Grounds upon which the War was
Commiffion of General of the Horſe; firſt begun, and would join themſelves
and quitted the Service, and never to the King to force them to it. If
had any Affection to their Ways in his this had been done in that conjuncture,
Judgment.' The Earl of Clare had when the Authority and Credit of the
been with the King at York, and had Earl of Eſſex' was not yet eclipſed, and
his leave to return to London, to in- before' an Independent Army was
raiſed;
A
in the Reign of King CHARLES İ.
299
raiſed, which was ſhortly after done, Queen come to Oxford, hè reſolvid
it could not probably have failed of himſelf to go thither, and prevailed
the Succeſs deſired. But the Earl was with the Earls of Bedford, and Clare;
too ſcrupulous and too punctual to to do the like; he aſſuring them, that
that which he call'd a Truſt; and they ifhould be very well receiv’d.
this was too barefaced a ſeparation for The Earl of Clare made his Journey
him to engage in : Beſides that he did by himſelf, our of the Common Road,
believe, that he ſhould be able to ſup- and came without any Interruption into
preſs that violent Party by the Parlia- Oxford, at the Time appointed : The
ment it ſelf, and he thought that would Earls of Bedford and Holland, came to-
bring all about which he deſired j. and gether to Wallingford, as is mention’d.
ſo he did not only reject what was pro- The Earl of Northumberland, who was
poſed to him, but expreſs’d ſuch a naturally ſuſpicious, went to his own
dilike of the Earl of Holland for pro- Houſe at Petworth in Swiſex : By
poſing it, that he thought it high which he thought he ſhewd Averſion
Time to get himſelf out of his reach. enough to the Counſels at Westminſter,
The Earl of Holland who always con and would keep it in his own Power to
ſidered himſelf in the firſt Place, had, retuin, if he found that the Reception
from the Time of the Queen's landing, of the other Lords at Oxford was not
privately made offer of his Service to anſwerable to their Expectatio.1; be-
the Queen, and renewed his:old Con- fides that he would expect the Reſult
fidence and Friendthip with Mr. Jer- of the Lord Conway's Negotiation,
myn; and knowing well to inhance who was more truſted by him than a-
the value of his own Service, made ny other.
great Promiſes of notable Service; and The Leave for the two Earls to
Mr. Jermyn eaſily perſwaded her Ma come from Wallingford to Oxford,
jeſty, That it was much better for her was declar'd but the Night before the
to reſtore . an old Servant, whom she King returned to the Army; and was
knew so well, to her Confidence (though not fent thither till the next Day: So .
be bad ſtepped out of the Way) than to that the Lords came not to Oxford till
rely upon, the Fidelity of any of those, two Days after, much mortified with.
who were nöre about the King, and the Time they had been forced to
who were all upon the matter Strangers. ſpend at Wallingford, and with the
to her, at least not enough known by her; Diſputation, they heard had been held
and then, That by laying hold upon this concerning them; and of which they
Opportuniiy, he would, at her first had receiv'd fo particular Information,
coming to the King, carry bis Reſtora- that the Earl of Holland writ a very
tion with her, posſeſs herſelf of the whole civil Letter to the Chancellor of the
frame of bis Buſineſs, becauſe all other. Exchequer before he came to Oxford,
Deſigns would be laid aſide; and ſo ali taking Notice of the Affe&tion he had
the Good, that would redound to the mew'd to him in his Advice to the
King and Kingdom from this new Ne- King.
gociation, must, by the Conſent of all Both of them had Friends enough
the World, be attributed to ber Ma- there to provide for their Accommo-,
jeſty's Wiſdom and Conduet. This ap- dation in convenient Lodgings ; ſo
pearing hopeful to her Majeſty, and that the one had a Lodging at Magda-
all that had any thing of Hope was len College at Oxford, where he had
by the other always looked upon as formerly been a Member ; the other
certain, the Correſpondence was em- lay in Baliol College, where he had a
braced, and the Earl aſſured not only Daughter, who ſpared him part of her
to be reſtor’d to his former Station in Lodgings. But for any Application
all reſpects, but to a Title to new In-. to them by the Lords, or Perſons in
tereſt.
Authority there, they had no Reaſon
And upon this. Encouragement and to think themſelves very welcome.
Obligation, when he found he could. They went, in the firſt. Place, to do
not prevail with the Earl of Elex, their Duties to the Queen ;. who re-
that the King's Affairs proſperid, and ceiv'd them coldly enough, not out of
that Briſtol was now taken, and the Diſinclination, or Unwillingneſs to
ſhew
ame
i
300
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
fhew them any Countenance, but pure ceſs. The Earl of Carnarvon march'd
Compliance with the ill Humour of with the Horſe and Dragoons, being
the Town, which ſhe detefted : Nor near two thouſand, into Dorſetſhire,
did Mr. Jermyn, who {till valued him. two Days before Prince Maurice mov-
felf upon the impoſſible Faculty to ed with his Foot and Cannon from
pleaſe all, and diſpleaſe none, think Briſtol, and had made a fair Entrance
fit to deal clearly with them in that upon the Reduction of that whole
Point (having, probably, ſaid more County, before his Highneſs over-
in his etters of Correſpondence and took him; and it was thought then,
Advice, than he had Authority to do; that if the Prince had march'd more
it being his Cuſtom to write, and ſpeak, Nowly, the Earl had perfected that
what was moſt grateful to the Perſons) Work:
ſo that the Earl of Holland, with
Upon the Surrender of Briſtol,
whom alone the Correſpondence had many of the Gentlemen, and others
been, began to think himſelf betray'd, of that County, who were engaged
and invited to Oxford only to be ex in that City for the Parliament, had
poſed to Contempt. He came one viſited their Houſes, and Friends, in
Morning to viſit the Chancellor of the their Journey to London, whither by
Exchequer, when there were the Lord their fafe Conduct they went, and had
Cottington, and two or three other made fuch prodigious Diſcourſes of the
Privy Counſellors with him, who all Fierceneſs and Courage of the Cavaliers
went preſently away, without ſo much (as moſt Men who run away, or are
as ſaluring him; which offended the beaten, extol the Power of the Ene-
Chancellor as much as it did him; my which had been too hard for them)
and in truth oblig'd the Chancellor to that reſiſting them begun to be thought
more Ceremony and Civility, than, a Matter impoſſible. One Mr. Strodes
it may be, he would otherwiſe have a Man much relied on in thoſe Parts,
practiſed : So that he did viſit him and of good Forçune, after he had vi-
again, and made all Profefions and fited his Houſe, took Dorcheſter in
Offers of Kindneſs and Service to him; his way to London, and being deſired
which he did very heartily; and com by the · Magiſtrates, To view their
ply'd therein, not only with his own Works and Fortifications, and to give
Inclinations, but with his Judgment, bis Judgment of their; after he had
as very important to the King's Ser- walked about, he told them, That
vice; and did all he could to induce thoſe Works might keep out the Cavaliers
others to be of the ſame Opinion ; in about half an Hour and then told
which he had no great Succeſs. them ftrange Stories of the Manner of
The Intelligence from London affaulting Briſtol, and that the King's
brought, every Day; the Reſolution Soldiers made nothing of running up
of the Parliament, to relieve Gloceſter; Walls twenty Foot bigh, and that no
and that, if their Levies did not füp- Works could keep them out; which he
ply them with Men ſoon enough, the ſaid, not out of any Purpoſe to betray
Train’d-Bands of the City would march them (for no Man wiſh'd the King's
out with the General for that Service: Army worſe ſucceſs) but had really To
Whereupon the three Earls, Bedford, much Horror, and Confternation a-
Holland, and Clare, after ſome Days . bout him, and the dreadful Image of
Stay at Oxford, thought it neceſſary the Storm of Briſtol imprinted in his
to offer their Service to the King in Mind, that he did truly believe, they
the Army, and to bear their Part in had ſcaled all thoſe Forts and Places
any Danger that might happen by an which were delivered to them; and he
Engagement between the Armies ; propagated the Fear and Trepidation fo
and ſo went together to Glocelier ; fruitfully where he came, that the Earl
where the King receiv'd them without of Carnarvon came no ſooner near
any Diſreſpect, and ſpoke with them Dorcheſter with his Horſe and Dra-
Is they gave him Occaſion.
goons (which it may be, was under-
Whilſt the King continued before ſtood to be the Van of the victorious
Gloceſter, his Forces in the Weſt mov- Army which had taken Briſtol) but
ed with a full Gale and Tide of Suc- the Town ſent Commiſſioners to him
$
10
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
301
to treat ; and upon Articles of Inde:11- publiſh'd the Injuſtice with the more
nity, thát they ſhould not be plun- Scandal, Whether this Licence,
der'd, and not ſuffer for the ill they which was much ſpoken of, and, no
had done, deliver'd up the Town doubt, given out to be greater than
(which was ſtrongly ſituated, and it was, alienated the Affections of
might well have been defended by the thoſe Parts
, or whether the Abſence
Spirits of theſe People, if they had of the Marquis of Hertford from the
Courage equal to their Malice ; for a Army, which was not till then taken
Place more entirely diſaffe&ted to, the Notice of, begot an Apprehenſion
King, England had not) with all their that there would not be much Lenity
Arms, Ammunition, and Ordnance. uſed towards thoſe who had been high,
The Fame of the Earl's coming had and pertinacious Offenders, or whe-
before frighted Sir Walter Earl, who ther this Army when it was together,
had for a long Time beſieged Corfe ſeem'd leſs formidable than it was be-
Caſtle (the Houſe of the Lord Chief fore conceiv’d to be, or that the Ter-
Juſtice Banks, defended by his Ladyror which had poffefs’d and ſeized
with her Servants, and ſome few Gen- upon their Spirits, was ſo violent that
tlemen, and Tenants, who betook it could not continue, and ſo Men
themſelves thither for her Aſſiſtance, grew leſs amazed, I know not : But
and their own Security) from that thoſe two ſmali Towns, whereof Lyne
Siege ; and he making more Haſte to was believ'd inconſiderable, return'd
convey himſelf to London, than Gene- fo peremptory a Refuſal to the Prince's
rals uſe to do, who have the Care and Summons, that his Highneſs re-
Charge of others, his Forces were pre. folv'd not to attack them; and ſo
ſently diſperſed. And now the Sur- march to Exeter, where he found all
render of Dorcheſter (the Magazine Things in better Order, and that Ci-
from whence the other
. Places were ty more diſtreſſed, than he had Rea-
ſupplied with Principles of Rebellion) ſon to expect, by the Diligence and
infuſed the fame Spirit into Weymouth, Dexterity of Sir John Berkly, who
a very convenient Harbour and Ha- being ſent from Wells by the Marquis
And that Example again pre- of Hertford, as is before remember'd,
vailed on the Inand and Caſtle of to govern the Affairs of Devonſhire,
Poriland (a Place not enough under- with one Regiment of Horſe, and a-
ſtood, but of wonderful Importance) nother of new levied and half-arm'd
to all which the Earl granted fair Foot, had ſo increaſed his Numbers
Conditions, and receiv'd them into by the Concurrence of that County,
his Majeſty's Protection.
that he fix'd ſtrong Quarters within
Hither "Prince Maurice came now leſs than a Mile of the City, and kept
, up with Foot and Cannon, and ne- his Guards even to the Gates; when
glecting to follow the Train of the the Earl of Stamford was within, with
Enemies Fears to Lyme, and Poole, a Strength, at leaſt equal in Number
the only two Garriſons then left in to the Beſiegers.
their Poffeffion, ſtay'd with his Army The Parliament commended the
about Dorcheſter and Weymouth ſome Relief of this Place, by ſpecial In-
Days, under the Notion of ſettling ſtructions, to their Admiral the Earl
and diſpoſing the Government of thoſe of Warwick; after whoſe having made
Garriſons. Here the Soldiers, taking Shew of landing Men in ſeveral Pla-
Advantage of the famous Malignity ces upon the Coaſt, and thereby com-
of thoſe Places, uſed great Licence, pelled Sir John Berkly to make quick
neither was there Care taken to ob- and weariſome Marches with Horſe
ferve thoſe Articles which had been and Dragoons from Place to Place,
made upon the Surrender of the the Wind coming fàir, the Fleet left
Towns; which the Earl of Carnar- thoſe who attended their landing about
Ton, who was full of Honour and Ju- Totneſs, turn'd about, and with a freſh
ſtice upon all Contracts, took ſo ill, Gale made towards the River, that
that he quitted ihe Command he had leads to the Walls of Exeter, and
with thoſe Forces, and return’d to having the Command of both sides of
the King before Gloceſter; which the
which the River, upon a Flat, by their Can..
89
4 G
ven':
.
non,
302
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
non, the Earl preſumed that Way he ford, and Barnfiable, being ſuperior
Thould be able to ſend Relief into the in Number, and apprehending that
City; but the Diligence, and Provi- the King's Succeſſes Eaſtward, might
.dence of Sir John Berkly had fortunate- encreaſe his Strength and Power there,
ly caſt up ſome ſlight Works upon and weaken theirs, reſolv'd to try their
the advantagious Nooks of the River, Fortunes; and joyning themſelves to-
in which his Men might be in ſome ther, to the Number of above'twelve
Security from the Cannon of the Ships ; hundred Foot, and three hundred
and make great Hafte with his Horſe Horſe, under the Command of Colo-
to hinder their landing; and ſo this nel Berinet, hoped to ſurprize Colonel
Attempt was noť only without Suc- John Digby at Torrington ; and he was
ceſs, but ſo unfortunate, that it dif- upon the Matter ſurprized: Foř al-
couraged the Sea-men from endea- beit he had-Notice in the Night from
vouring the like again. For after Barnſtable, That the Forces drez out
three or four Hours pouring their thence to Bediford 'in the Night,' and
great Shot, from their Ships, upon that they intended to fall on his Quarters
the Land Forces, the Tide falling, early in the Morning, and thereupon
the Earl of Warwick fell off with his put himſelf into Poſture to receive
Fleet, leaving three Ships behind them; and drew up all his Forces to-
him, of which one was burnt, and gether out of the Town, upon ſuch a
the other two taken from the Land, Piece of Ground, as, in that incloſed
in View of his whole Fleet; and no Country, could be moſt advantage-
more look'd after the Relief of Exeter sous for his Horſe, having, through all
that Way.
the little Incloſure, cut Gaps, through
Whilſt all the King's Forces were
which his Horſe might enter; yet af-
employ'd in the blocking up the ter he had attended their coming till
Town, and attending the Coaſt; to Noon, and heard no more of them,
wait upon the Earl of Warwick, the and his ſmall Parties, which were
Garriſon of Plymouth encreaſed very ſent out to enquire, return'd' with Af-
faſt, into which the Fleet diſburthen'd ſurance; that there was no Appear-
themſelves of all they could ſpare ; ance of an Enemy, he believ'd they
and the North Parts of Devonſhire ga- had given over their Deſign; and ſo
ther'd apace into a Head for the Par- diſmiſſed his Horſe to their ſeveral
liament; Barnſtable, and Bediford, Quarters, reſerving only one hundred
being garriſon'd by them; which hav- and fifty upon their Guard; and re-
ing an uninterrupted Line of Commu- turn'd himfelf into the Town with the
nication with Plymouth, reſolv'd to Foot.
joyn their whole Strength, and ſo to But within leſs than an Hour, he
compel the Enemy to draw off from receiy'd the Alarm, That the Enemy
the Walls of Exeter, which had been was within half a Mile of the Tows.
very eaſy to have been done, if they The Confuſion was very great, ſo that
in the City had been as active for their he reſolv'd not to draw the Foot out
own Preſervation.
Sir John Berkly of the Town; but having placed them
having Notice of this Preparation and in the beſ! Manner he could; upon
Reſolution, fent Colonel John Digby the. Avenues, himſelf went to the
(who had from their firit Entrance Horſe out of the Town, reſolving to
into Cornwal, commanded the Horſe) wait upon the Rear of the Enemy;
with his own Regiment of Horſe, and who were drawn up on the ſame
fome looſe Troops of Dragoons, into Piece of Ground, on which he had
the North of Devon, to hinder the expected them all thé Morning. The
joyning of the Rebels Forces. He Colonel, whoſe Courage and Vivaci-
chore Torrington for his Quarter, and ty upon Action, was very eminent,
within few Days drew to him a Troop and commonly very fortunate, intend-
of new raiſed Horſe, and a Regiment ed rather to look upon them, than to
of Foot, raiſed by his old Friends in engage with them, before his other
Cornwal; ſo that he had with him a- Troops came up; but having divided
bove, three hundred Horſe, and fix or his ſmall Party of Horſe, the whole
fëven hundred Foot. Thoſe of Bedi- conſiſting but of one hundred and
fifty,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
303
N
fifty, into ſeveral Parties, and diſtri- within two or three Days after' his
buted them into ſeveral little Cloſes, Victory, thoſe two Towns ſhortly after
out of which there were Gaps into ſubmitted to his Majeſty, upon Pro-
the larger Grourid, upon which the miſe of Pardon, and ſuch other Arti-
Enemy ſtood, a Forlorne Hope of cles as were of courſe ; which Colonel
fifty Muſqueteers advanced towards Digby faw preciſely obſerv'd, as far
that Ground where himſelf was, and as concern'd the Towns in point of
if they had recover'd the Hedge, they Plunder, or Violence towards the In-
would eaſily have driven him thence. habitants. And this Succeſs ſo
And therefore, as the only Expedient wrought upon the Spirits, and Tem-
left, himſelf taking four or five Offi- per of that People, that all the Perſons
cers into the Front with him, charg- of eminent Diſaffection withdrawing
ed that Förlorne Hope ; which im- themſelves, according to their Liber-
mediately threw down their Arms, ty by the Articles ; Colonel Digby,
and run upon their own Body, and within very few Days, encreaſed his
carried fò infectious à Fear with them, ſmall Party to the Number of three
that without making a Stand, or their thouſand Foot, and eight hundred
Horſe offering once to Charge, the Horſe ; with which he was by Prince
whole Body routed themſelves, and Maurice order'd to march to Plymouth,
fled Colonal Digby following the and to block up that place from mak-
Execution with his Horſe, till their ing Incurſions into the Country.
Sword's were blunted with Slaughter, The Loſs of all their Garriſons on
and his Numbers over-burthen', with the North Coaſt, and deſpair of Suc-
Priſoners; though the Foot out of the cour or Relief from any other Place,
Town haftend to the Chale, as ſoon prevailed with the Earl of Stamford,
as they ſaw what Terror had poffeffed and that Committee in Exeter (tó
their. Enemies.
whom the Earl was not ſuperior) to
In this Action (for it cannot be calTreat with the Prince ; and thereupa-
l'ed 'ă Battle ; hardly a Skirmiſh ; ön Articles were agreed to; and that
where no Reſiſtance was made) there rich and pleaſant City was deliver'd on
were near two hundred kill'd, and':- the fourth of September, which was
bove two hundred taken Priſoners, within fourteen or ſixteen Days after
and thoſe that fed contibuted more to Prince Maurice came thither, into the
the Victory, than the Priſoners, or the King's Protection, after it had ſuffer'd
Ślàin; for they were ſcatter'd and diſ no other Diſtreſs, or Impreſſion from
perſed over all the Country, and ſcarce the Beſiegers, than the being kept
a Man without a Cut over the Face from taking the Air without their own
and Head, or ſome other Hurt; that Walls, and from being ſupplied from
Wrought more upon the Neighbours the Country Markets.
towards their Converſion, than any
There was an Accident fell out a
Sermón could be preach'd to them. little before this Time, that gave new
Some of the principal Officers, and of Arguments of Trouble to the King,
their Horſe, got into Bediford and upon a Difference between Prince
Barnſtable ; and not conſidering the Maurice and the Marquis. It hath
Inconvenience of acknowledging, that been ſaid, that the Earl of Carnarvon,
God was extraordinary propitious to who was General of.the Horſe of the
the Cavaliers, told ſtrange Stories of Weſtern Army, had march'd from
ike Horror and Fear that ſeized upon Briſtol the Day before the Prince,
ihem, and that no Body saw above fix and had taken Dorcheſter and Wey-
of the Eneiny, that Charged ihem ; mouth, before his Highneſs came up
which proved a greater Diſmay to to the Army, both conſiderable Pla-
their Friends, than their Defeat. ces, and the Seats of great Malignity.
At this Time came Prince Maurice The former was not thought neceffary
to Exeter, the Fame of whoſe Arrival to be made a Garriſon, but the latter.
brought a new Terror, fo that the was the beſt Port Town of that Coun-
Fort as Applédore, which commanded try, and to be kept with great Care,
the River to Barnftable and Bediford, The Marquis had made fome Promiſe
being deliver’d to Colonel Digby, of the Government thereof, when it
ſhould
+
304
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ſhould be taken (of which they made earneſtiy to the King. Beſides his
no doubt) to St. Anthony Aſhley Cooper, Deſire to gratify the Marquis, he did
a young Gentleman of that Country, in truth believe it of great Importance
of a fair and plentiful Fortune, and to his Majeſty's Serviceto engage a
one, who in the Opinion of moft Perſon of ſuch a Fortune and Intereſt,
Men, was like to advance the Place ſo throughly in his Quarrel, as he
by being Governor of it, and to raiſe then believ'd ſuch an Obligation muſt.
Men for the Defence of it, without needs do; the Flexibility and Inſtabi-
leffening the Army; and had, in Ex, licy of that Gentleman's Nature; not
pectation of it, made ſome Proviſion being then underſtood, or ſuſpected.
of Officers and Soldiers, when it He did write, with all the Skill and
thould be Time to call them together. Importunity he could uſe to the King;
Prince Maurice, on the other side, and writ to the Lord Falkland, To
had ſome other Perſon in his View, take Sir John Colepepper with him, if
upon whom he intended to confer that be found any Averſion in the King, that
Charge, when it ſhould fall. In the they might together diſcourſe, and pre-
Moment that the Town was taken, vail with him. But his Majeſty, por,
and before the Prince came thither, ſitively and obſtinately refuſed to grant
Sir Anthony, hearing that the Marquis it; and ſaid, He would not, to pleaſe
caine not with the Army, but re the Marquis in an unjuſt Pretence, put
main'd ſome Time at Briſtol, made a:publick Diſobligatio and. Affront ip-
all the Haſte he could to him, and en bis Nephew. So the Expreſs re-
came thither the ſame Day the King turn’d without Effect, and the Mar-
left it; and apply'd himſelf to the quis was as ſenſibly touched as could
Marquis, who remember'd his Pro- be imagin'd; and ſaid, That he was.
miſe, and thought himſelf obliged to fallen from all "Credit with the King,
make it good, and that it was in his and was made incapable of doing him
Power ſo to do, ſince it appear’d; farther Service; that his Fidelity ſhould
that the Town was taken before the never be leſen’d towards him (as .in
King had declared to him, that he truth he was incapable of a diſoyal.
ſhould not go to the Army; till when Thought) but ſince he was become. So
he ought to be lookd upon as General totally uſeleſs to the Kiug, and to his
of it. He conferrid with the Chan- Friends, he hoped his Majeſty would
cellor of the Exchequer upon it, as a give him leave to return to his own
Matter in which his Hɔnour was con- Houſe ; where, he doubted not, be
cern'd, and on which his Heart was mould be ſufferid to live privately, and
fet. Sir Anthony came likewiſe to him, quietly, to pray for the King.
who was of his Acquaintance, and de The Chancellor knew well the Na.
fired his Aſliſtance, That after ſo much ture of the Marquis, that would never.
Charge he had been put to, in the Ex- give him Leave to purſue any Reſolu-
pectation of it, and to prepare for it, be tion which he found might prove in-
might not be expoſed to the Mirth, and convenient to his Majeſty, for whom
Contempt of the Country. It was evi- he had all poſſible Duty; yet he knew
dent that if he return'd with the Com- too, that the Miſchief was not ſimall,
miſſion from the Marquis (which he from the Obſervation that the Mar-
was moſt inclined to give him) both quis thought himſelf ill uſed, and.that
He and the Commiſſion would be af- there were too many who would take
fronted, and the Town would not be the opportunity to foment thoſe Jea-
ſuffer'd to ſubmit to him. Therefore Jouſies and Diſcontents; and there-
the Chancellor was of Opinion, that fore reſolv'd (having diſpatch'd all
there was no way but to appeal Things which were incumbent on him
to the King, and defire his Favour, at Briſtol, and uſed all Freedom with
as well as his Juſtice, in giving his the Marquis, for the diſpelling all
Commiſſion to the Perſon deſign'd by troubleſome Imaginations) to go him-
the Marquis ; which would remove ſelf to the King, and to reprefent that
that Part of the Exception, whicli Affair to him, and the probable Con-
would moſt trouble the Prince; and ſequences of it, with new Inſtances.
and he offer'd to write himſelf very And at laſt, with very great Difficul-
ty's
.
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 205
ty, he did ſo far prevail with his Ma- Sheep were in a few Days deſtroyed,
jeſty, that he gave a Commiſſion to beſides what were brought in by the
Sir Anthony Aſhley Cooper, to be Go- Commiffaries for a regular Proviſion;
vernor of Weymouth; which he was and many Country-Mcn impriſon'd
the more eaſily perſwaded to, out of by Officers without Warrant, or the
fome Prejudice he had to the Perſon, leaft Knowledge of the King's, tiņ
who, he underſtood, was deſign’d to they had paid good Sums of Money,
that Government. However, the for their Delinquency ;
all which
Marquis receiv'd it as a ſeaſonable Act brought great. Clamour upon the Dir-
of Favour to himſelf, and in a ſhort cipline of the Army, and Juſtice of the
Time after, came from Briſtol to Ox. Officers, and made them likewiſe leſs
ford, to attend upon his Majeſty ac- prepared for the Service they were to
cording to his Command.
expect.
At Gloceſter the Buſineſs proceeded In the mean Time, nothing was
very ſlowly :
For though the Army left at London unattempted, that
encreaſed wonderfully, there, by the might advance the Preparation for the
Acceſs. of. Forces from all Quarters, Relief of Gloceſter.
All: Overtures
Yet the King had neither Money nor of Peace were fuppresſed, and the Cia
Materials requiſite for a Siege and ty'purely at the Devotion of thoſe who
they in the Town behaved themſelves were moſt violent, who put one Com-
with great Courage and Reſolution, pliment upon them at this Time, that
and made many ſharp and bold Sal is not to be paſſed over. It is remem-
lies upon the King's Forces, and did ber'd before, that, at the Beginning
more hurt commonly than they re- of theſe Difractions, before the King's
ceiv’d; and many Officers of Name, going into the North, his Majeſty
beſides common Soldiers, were Nain had, upon the reiterated Importunity
in the Trenches and Approaches; of the two Houſes, made Sir John Cor
the Governor leaving nothing unper- niers Lieutenant of the Tower of Lon-
form’d that might become a vigilant don ; who was a Soldier of very good
Commander. Sometimes, upon Sal Eſtimation, and had been the Lieute-
lies, the Horſe got between the Town nant General of his Horſe in that laſt
and Them, ſo that many Priſoners Preparation againſt the Scots, and Go:
were taken, who were always drunk; 'vernor of Berwick. The Parliament
and, after they were recovered, they thought, by this Obligation, to have
confeſs’d, That the Governor always gave made him their own Creature, and
the Party, that made the Sally, as much deſir'd to have engag'd him in ſome
Wine and ſtrong Waters as they deſir'd active Command in their Armies, hav-
to drink : So that it ſeems their Met- ing the Reputation of one of the beſt
tle was not purely natural ; yet it is Officers of Horſe of that Time. Buç
very obſervable, that in all the Time he warily declined that Engagement,
the King lay there with a very glo- and contain'd himſelf within the Li-
rious Army, and after the taking of a mits of that Place, which, by the
City of much greater Name, there Maltitude of Priſoners, fent to the
was no one Oficer run from the Town Tower by the two Houſes, and the
to him, nor above three Common Sol- exceſſive Fees they paid, yielded him
diers, which is a great · Argument, a vaſt Profit; in the Adminiſtration
the Diſcipline within was very good. whereof, he was ſo impartial, that
Beſides the Loſs of Men before the thoſe Priſoners who ſuffer'd moſt for
Town, both from the Walls, and by his Majeſty, found no morę Favour
Sickneſs (which was not greater than or Indulgence from him than the reſt.
was to be reaſonably expected) a very About this Time, either diſcerning
great Licence. broke into the Army that they grew.to confide leſs in him,
both among Officers and Soldiers ; than they had done, and that he muſt
the Malignity of thoſe Parts being engage himſelf in their Service, or
thought Excuſe for the Exerciſe of any ſhortly loſe the Benefit of their good
Rapine, or Severity among the Inha- Opinion, or really abhorring to be ſo
bitants. Infomuch as it is hardly to "near thoſe Actions he ſaw every Day
be credited, how many thouſand committed, and to lie under the Scan-
90
dal
4 H
206
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Their Ordinance of Pref-
dal of keeping his Majeſty's only Fort Opportunity. In the End, they had
'which he could not apply to his Ser no other Reſort for Men, but to thoſe
(vice, he deſired Leave from the Hou- who had ſo conſtantly ſupplied them
Yes, to go into Holland, where his E with Money, and prevaild with their
ducation had been, and his Fortune true Friends, the City, which they
was, without obliging himſelf to a ſtill alarm'd with the King's Irrecon-
Time of Return. The Propoſition cileableneſs to them, to ſend three or
was not unwelcome to the Houſes; four of their Train S-Band Regiments,
and thereupon they immediately com or Auxiliaries, to fight with the Ene-
miteed that Charge, the Cuſtody of my at that Diſtance, rather than to
the Tower of London, to the Lord expect him at their own Walls, where
Mayor Pennington ; that the City they muſt be aſſured to ſee him as ſoon
might ſee they were truſted to hold as Glocefter ſhould be reduc'd ; and
their own Reins, and had a Juriſdic. then they would be as much përplex'd
tion committed to them which had with the Malignants within, as with
always juſtled with their own. This the Enemy without their City. .
Compliment ſervd to a double Pur Upon ſuch · Arguments, and the
poſe; for thereby, as they made the Power of the Earl of Eſſex, ſo many
City believe they had put themſelves Regiments of Horſe and Foot. as he
under their Protection, ſo they were deſired, were aſſign?d to march with
ſure, they had put the City under the him ; and ſo, towards the End of
Power, or under the Apprehenſion of August, he marched out of London :
the Power of him, who would never and having appointed a Rendezvous
forſake them out of an Appetite to near Ayleſbury, where he was met by.
Peace,
the Lord Grey, and other Forces of
The Earl of Eſſex now declared, the aſſociated Counties, from thence
that he would himſelf undertake the he marched by eaſy Journeys towards
Relief of Gloceſter, whereas before Sir Glocester, with an Army of above
William Waller was deſignd to it, eight Thouſand Foot, and four Thou.
and, whenceſoever it proceeded, was fand Horſe. It would not at firſt be
reţurnºd to his old full Alacrity againſt credited in the King's Army that the
the King, and recover'd thoſe Officers Earl of Eſſex could be in a Condition
and Soldiers again to him, who had 'to attempt ſuch a Work; and there?
abſented by his Connivance, or upon fore they were too negligent upon the
an Opinion that he would march no Intelligence, and ſuſpected rather
more; yet his Numbers encreaſed not that he would give fome Alarm to Ox-
ſo faſt as the Occaſion requir’d: For ford, where the Qučen was, and there
Colonel Mally found Means to ſend by, hope to draw the Army from Glo-
many Meſſengers out of the Town, to ceſter, than that in Truth he would
advertiſe the Streights he was in, and venture upon ſo tedious a March,
the Time that he ſhould be able to where he muſt paſs over a Campaign
“
fing, though executed with unuſual half the King's Body of Horſe would
Rigour, inſomuch as Perſons of good diſtreſs, if not deſtroy his whole Ar-
Fortunes, who had retired to London, my, and through a Country eaten
that they might be leſs taken Notice bare, where he could find neither
of, were ſeized on, and detain'd in Proviſion for Man nor Horſe ; and :
Cuſtody, till they paid ſo much Mo. if he ſhould, without Interruption,
pey, or procur'd an able Man to go in be ſuffered to go into Gloceſter, he
their Places, brought not in ſuch a could neither ſtay there; nor poſibly
Supply as they expected ; and ſuch as retire to London, without being de.
were brought in, and deliver'd to the ſtroyed in the Rear by the King's Ar-
Officers, declared ſuch an Averſeneſs my, which ſhould nevertheleſs, not
to the Work to which they were de- engage itſelf in the Hazard of a Bat»
ſign'd, and ſuch a peremptory Reſo- tle. Upon theſe Concluſions they
lucion not to fight, that they only in- proceeded in their works before Glo-
creaſed their Numbers, not their .ceſter, their Galleries being near fi-
Strength, and run away upon the firſt niſhed, and viſibly a great Want of
Ammu-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 207
..
Ammunition in the Town; yet the Lord Chandois, within eight Miles of
Lord Wilmot was appointed, with a Glocefter, watching when that Army
good Party of Horſe, to wait about would return; which, they conceiv'd
Banbury, and to retire before the E- ſtayed rather out of Deſpair than E-
-nemy, if he ſhould advance towards lection, in thoſe eaten Quarters; and,
Glocester, and to give ſuch Impedi- to open them a Way for their Re-
ments to their March, as in ſuch a treat, his Majeſty removed to Elham,
Country might be eaſy to do ; Prince hoping the Earl would chooſe to go
Rupert himſelf ſtaying with the Body back the ſame way he came ; which,
of Horſe, upon the Hills above Gló- for many. Reaſons, was to be deſired;
ceſter, to joyn, if the. Earl of Elles and thereupon the Earl marched to
ſhould be ſo hardy as to venture. Tewkeſbury, as if he had no other Pur-
The Earl came to Brackley, and ha- poſe. The King's Horſe though bold,
ving there taken in from Liecester and and vigorous upon Action, and Exe-
Bedford, the laſt Recruits upon which cụtion, were always lefs patient of Du-
he depended, he marched ſteadily o- ty and ill Accommodation than they
ver that Campaign, which they thought ſhould be; and at this Time, partly
he fear?d, towards Gloceſter, and tho' with Wearineſs, and partly with the
the King's Horſe were often within Indiſpoſition that poffeffed the whole
View, and entertaind him with light Army upon this Relief of the Town,
Skirmiſhes, he purſued his direct way; were leſs vigilant towards the Motion
the King's Horſe ſtill. reçiring before of the Enemy : So that the Earl of
him, till the Foot was compellid to Elex was marched with his whole Ar-
raiſe the Siege, in moře. Diſorder and my and Train from Tewkeſkury; four
Diſtraction, than might have been ex- and twenty. Hours before the King
pected ;-and ſo with leſs Loſs, and heard which way he was gone : for
eaſier. Skirmiſhes, than can be imagi- he, took the Advantage of a dark
ned, -the Earl, with his Army and Night, and having fure Guides, reach-
Train, marched to Gloceſter ; where ed Cirenceſter, before the Breaking of
he found them reduced to one fiögle the Day, where he found two Regi-
Barrel.of Powder, and all other Pro ments of the King's Horſe quartered
viſions anſwerable. And it muſt be ſecurely; all which by the Negligence
confeffed, that Governour gave a ſtop of the Officers (a common and fatal
to the Career of the King's good Suc Crime throughout the War, on the
ceſs, and 'from his pertinacious De- King's Part) he ſurpriſed, to the
fence of that Place, the. Parliament Number of above three Hundred ;
had Time to recover their broken and which was of much greater Va-
-Forces, and more broken Spirits; lue, he found there a great Quantity
and may acknowledge to this Riſe, of Proviſions, prepared by the King's
the Greatneſs to which they afterwards Commiſſaries, for the Army before
aſpired.
Gloceſter, and which they weglected
The Earl of Elex ſtayed in that to remove after the Siege was raiſed,
joyful Town (where he was received and ſo moſt ſottiſhly left it for the Re-
with a poffible Demonſtrations of lief of the. Enemy, far more appre-
Honour) three Days: and in that henſive of Hunger than of the Sword;
Time, which was as wonderful as any and indeed this wonderful Supply
Part of the Story, cauſed all neceſ- ftrangely exalted their Spirits, as fent
ſary Proviſions to be brought in tọ by the ſpecial Care and extraordinary.
them, out of thoſe very Quarters in Hand of Providence, even when they
which the King's Army had been ſy. were ready to faint.
ſtained, and which they conceiv'd to From: hence the Earl, having no
be entirely ſpent; So ſollicitous were farther Apprehenſion of the King's
the People to conceal what they had, Horſe, which he had no Mind to en-
and to reſerve it for them; which, counter upon the open Campaign,
without a Connivance from the King's and being, at the leaſt twenty Milés
Commiffaries, could not have been before him, by eafy Marches, that his
done. All this Time, the King lay ſick and weary Soldiers might over-
at Sudley Caſtle, the Houſe of the take him, moved, through that deep
and
1
.
+
208
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and encloſed County of North-Wilt- him, that the Powder fetch'd, much
shire, his direct Way to London. Af- Blood from his Face, and for the pre-
ſoon as the King had ſure Notice fent blinded him, without farther
which way the Enemy was gone, he Miſchief; by which it was concluded,
endeavour'd, by Expedition and Dili- that the Bullet had dropped out be-
gence, to recover the Advantage, fore the Piſtol was diſcharged.
which the fupine Negligence of thoſe By this Expedition of Prince Ru-
he truſted, had robbed him of; and pert, the Enemy was forced to ſuch
Himſelf, with matchleſs Induſtry, Delay, that the King came up with
taking Care to lead up the Foot, his Foot and Train, though his Num.
Prince Rupert, with near five thou- bers, by his exceeding long and quick
fand Horſe, marched Day and Night Marches, and the Licence which ma-
over the Hills, to get between London ny Officers and Soldiers took whilſt
and the Enemy, before they ſhould be the King lay at Ejham, were much
able to get out of thoſe enclos'd deep lefſen'd, being above two thouſand
Countries, in which they were enga- fewer, than when he raiſed the Siege
ged between narrow Lanes, and to en from Glocefter.. And when the Earl,
tertain them with. Skirmiſhes till the the next Day, advanced from Hunger-
whole Army ſhould come up. This ford, hoping to recover Newbury,
Deſign, purſued and executed with in- which Prince Rupert would not be a
defatigable Pains, ſucceeded to his blc to hinder him from ; when he
Wiſh; for when the Van of the Ene- came within two Miles of the Town,
niy's Army had almoſt marched over he found the King poſſeſs’d of it.
Awborne Chaſe, intending that Night For his Majeſty, with his whole Ar-
to have reached Newbury, Prince Rum my, was come thither two Hours be-
pert, beyond their Fear.or Expect-fore ; this pue him to a Neceſſity of
ation, appeared with a ſtrong Body of ſtaying upon the Field that Night;
Horſe fo near them, that before they it being now the ſeventeenth Day of
could put themſelves in order to re: September.
ceive him, he charged their Rear, and It was now thought by many, that
routed them with good Execution; the King had recovered whatſoever
and though the Enemy performed the 'had been loſt by former Overſights,
Parts of good Men, and applied them. Omiſſions, dr Neglects, and that by
ſelves more dexterouſly to the Relief the deſtroying the Army which had
of each other, than on ſo fuddain and relieved Gloceſter, he ſhould be fully
unlook'd for an Occaſion was expect- recompenſed for being diſappointed
ed, yet with ſome Difficulty, and the of that Purchaſe. He ſeemd to be
Loſs of many Men, they were glad poffeffed of all Advantages to be de-
to ſhorten their journey, and the fired, a good Town to refreſh his
Night coming on, took up their Men in, whilſt the Enemy lodged in
Quarters at Hungerford.
the Field, hiş own Quarters to friend,
In this Conflict, which was very and his Garriſon of Wallingford ac
ſharp for an-Hour or two, many
fell hand, and Oxford itſelf within distance,
of the Enemy, and of the King's Par- for Supply of whatſoever ſhould be
ty none of Name, but the Marquis of wanting ; when the Enemy was po
Vieu Ville, a gallant Gentleman of the qually tired with long Marches, and
French Nation, who had attended the from the Time that the Prince had
Queen out of Holland, and put himſelf attacked them, the Day before, had
a Voluntier upon this Action, into the ſtood in their Arms in a Country
Lord Jermyn's Regiment. There where they could noe find Viêtual. So
were hurt many Officers, and amongſt that it was conceived, that it was in
thoſe the Lord Jermyn receiv'd a Shot the King's Power, whether he would
in his Arm with a Piſtol, owing the fight or no, and therefore that he
Preſervation of his Life from other might compel them to notable Diſ-
Shots, to the excellent Temper of his advantages, who muſt make their
Armour ; and the Lord Digby a ftrange Way through, or ftarve; and this
Hurt in the Face, a Piſtol being diſ was fo fully underſtood, that it was
charged at ſo near a Diſtance upon reſolved over Night, not to engage
1
in
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
209)
in Battle, but upon ſuch Grounds as wheel about : Of ſo Sovereign Benes
ſhould give an Aſſurance of Victory. fit and Uſe, is that Readineſs, Order,
But, contrary to this Reſolution, when and Dexterity in the Uſe of their
the Earl of Eſſex had, with excel- Arms, which hath been ſo much nes
lent Conduct, drawn out his Army in glected.
Battalia, upon a Hill call's Bigg's It was fought all that Day without
Hill, within leſs than a Mile of the any ſuch notable Turn, as that either
Town, and order'd his Men in all Party could think they had much the
Places to the beſt Advantage, by the better. For though the King's Horſe
precipitate Courage of fome young made the Enemies often give Ground,
Officers, who had good Commands, yet the Foot were ſo immoveables
and who unhappily always undervalu- that little was gotten by the other ;
ed the Courage of the Enemy, ſtrong and the firſt Entrance into the Battle
Parties became ſucceſſively ſo far en was ſo ſudden, and without Order,
gaged, that the King was compelled that;. during the whole Day, no Uſe
to put the whole to the Hazard of a was made of the King's Cannon,
Battle, and to give the Enemy, at though that of the Enemy was placed
leaſt, an equal Game to play. ſo unhappily, that it did very great
It was diſputed, on all Parts, with Execution upon the King's Party,
great Fierceneſs and Courage; the both Horſe and Foot.
The Night
Enemy preſerving good Order, and parted them, when nothing elſe could
ſtanding rather to keep the Ground and each Party had then Time to re-
they were upon, than to get more ; volve the Overſights of the Day.
by which they did not expoſe them- The Enemy had fared at leaſt as well
ſelves to thoſe Diſadvantages, which as they hoped for ; and therefore, in
any
Motion would have offer'd to the the Morning early, they put them-
Ařailants. The King's Horſe, with ſelves in Order of marching, having an
a kind of Contempt of the Enemy, Obligation in Neceſſity to gain ſome
charged with wonderful Boldneſs, Place, in which they might eat and
upon all. Grounds of Inequality, and ſleep: On the King's Side there was not
were ſo far too hard for the Troops that Caution which ſhould have been
of the other side, that they routed the Day before, and though the
them in moſt Places, till they had left Number of the Slain was not ſo great,
the greateſt Part of their Foot without as, in fo hot a Day, might have been
any Guard at all of Horſe. But then look'd for; yet very many. Officers
the Foot behaved themſelves admira- and Gentlemen were hurt : So that
bly on the Enemies Part, and gave they rather choſe to take Advantage
their ſcatter'd Horſe Time to rally, of the Enemies Motion, than to
and were ready to aſſiſt and ſecure charge them again upon the old
them upon all Occaſions. The London Ground, from whence they had been,
Train'd-Bands, and Auxiliary Regi- by Order, call'd off the Night before,
ments (of whoſe Inexperience of Dan- when they had recover'd a Poſt, the
ger, or any kind of Service, beyond keeping of which would have much
the eaſy Practice of their poſtures in prejudiced the Adverſary. The Earl
the Artillery Garden, Men had till of Eſex finding his Way open, pur-
then too cheap an Eſtimation) behav- ſued his main Deſign of returning to
ed themſelves to Wonder; and were, London, and took that Way by New-
in truth, the Preſervation of that Ar- bury, which led towards Reading ;
my that Day. For they ſtood as a which Prince Rupert obſerving, ſuf-
Bulwark and Rampire to defend the ferd him, without Interruption or
reſt; and when their Wings of Horſe Diſturbance, to paſs, till his whole
were ſcatter'd, and diſperſed, kept Army was enter'd into the narrow
their Ground ſo ſteadily, that, though Lanes; and then, with a ſtrong Par-
Prince Rupert himſelf led up the ty of Horſe, and one thouſand Muf-
choice Horfe to charge them, and queteers, follow'd his Rear with ſo
endured their Storm of ſmall Shot, he good Effect, that he' put them into
could make no Impreſſion upon their great Diſorder, and kill'd many, and
Stand of Pikes ; but was forced to took many Priſoners. However the
91
4 I
Earl,
*
2IO
* The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Earl, with the Groſs of his Army, He had follow'd, and compelled the
got ſafe into Reading; and, after a Enemy to fight, by overtaking him,
Night or two ſpent there to refreſh when he deſir'd to avoid it. He had
and reſt his Men, he moved in a now the Spoil of the Field, and purſued
and orderly March to London, leav- the Enemy the next day after the Bat-
ing Reading to the King's Forces; tle, and had a good Execution upon
which was preſently poſſeſs'd by Sir them, without receiving any Lofs;
Jacob Ahley, with three thouſand and, which ſeem'd to crown the
Foot, and five hundred Horſe, and Work, fixed a Garriſon again at
made again a Garriſon for the King: Reading, and thereby ſtreighten'd
His Majeſty and Prince Rupert, with their Quarter, as much as they were
the Remainder of the Army, retiring at the Beginning of the Year; his
to Oxford, and leaving a Garriſon un own being enlarg'd by the almoſt en-
der the Command of Colonel Boys in tire Conqueſt of the Weſt, and his
Donnington Caſtle (a Houſe of John Army much ſtronger, in Horſe and
Parker's, but more famous for having Foot, than when he firſt took the
been the Seat of Geoffrey Chaucer, Field. On which Side foever the
within a Mile of Newbury) to com Marks and publick Enſigns of Victo-
mand the great Road, through which ry appear'd moſt conſpicạous, certain
the Weſtern Trade was driven to it is, that according to the unequal
London.
Fate that attended all Skirmiſhes and
At this Time Sir William Walleri Conflicts with ſuch an Adverſary, the
was at Windfor, with above_two Loſs on the King's Side was in
thouſand Horſe, and as many Foot; Weight much more conſiderable, and
as unconcern'd for what might befal penetrating : for whilſt ſome obo
the Earl of Elex, as the Earl had for- ſcure; unheard of Colonel or Officer, .
merly been on his Behalf at Roundway- was miſſing on the Enemies Side, and
Hill: Otherwiſe, if he had advanc- fome Citizen's Wife bewailed the
ed upon the King to Newbury (which Loſs of her Hufhard, there were on
was not above twenty Miles) when the other, above twenty Officers of
the Earl was on the other Side, the the Field, and Perſons of Honour,
King had been in great Danger and publick Name, Nain upon the
of an utter Defeat ; and the Appre- Place, and more of the fame Quality
henfion of this, was the Reaſon, or hurt.
was afterward, pretended to be, for Here fell the Earl of Sunderland, a
the hafty Engagement in Battle. Lord of great Fortune, tender Years
The Earl of Eſex was receiv'd at (being -not above three and twenty
London, with all imaginable Demon- Years of Age) and an early Judg-
ftrations of Affection and Reverence; ment; who, having no Command in
publick and folemn Thankſgiving was the Army, attended upon the King's
appointed for his Victory ; for ſuch Perſon, under the Obligation of Ho.
they made no Scruple to declare it. nour; and putting himſelf that Day
Without doubt, the Action was per- in the King's Troop a Voluntier, be-
form’d by him with incomparable fore they came to charge, was taken
Conduct and Courage ; . in every Part away by a Cannon Bullet.
vhereof, very much was to be impu This Day alſo fell the Earl of Car-
ted to his own perſonal Virtue ; and narvon, who, after he had charged,
it may be well reckon'd among the and routed a Body of the Enemies
moſt ſoldiery Actions of this unhappy Horſe, coming careleſly back by ſome
War. For he did the Buſineſs he un of the ſcatter'd Troopers, was, by
dertook, and, after the Relief of Gloc one of them who knew him, run
cefter, his, next Care was to retire with through the Body with a Sword; of
his Army to London ; which, conſider- which he died within an Hour. In
ing the Length of the Way, and the this unhappy Battle was likewiſe kill'd
Difficulties he was to contend with, the Lord Viſcount Falkland, in the
he did with leſs Lofs than could be ex fortieth Year of his Age, having ſo
pected; on the other hand, the King much diſpatch'd the true Buſineſs of
was not without Signs of a Victory. Life, that the Eldeſt rarely attain to
that
1
t
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 21. t
that immenſe Knowledge, and the and as firmly ünited to one and the
Youngeſt enter not into the World fame End, as their Brethren the Scots;
with more Innocency : Whoſoever of whoſe Concurrence and Afliſtance
leads ſuch a Life, needs be the leſs they were now aſſured, and ſatisfied
anxious upon how ſhort Warning it is that it would come foon enough for
taken from him..
their Preſervation ; of which, they
Now to go on with the Courſe of had not before a full Confidence:
our Hiſtory: The Earl of Eſſex.en Though the King's Army had all
ter'd into London on the 25th of Sep, the Trophies of Victory, in, and after
tember, (a Day we ſhall have Occaſion this Battle, as is before related, yet
to remember upon another Solemnity) notwithſtanding all this, the Earl of
and was the next Day viſited, at Elex Eſex, as is faid before, was receiv'd
Houſe, by the Speaker and the whole at London with all imaginable Gratu-
Houſe of Commons, who declared to lation and Triumph; he had done all
him, That they came to congratulate that was expected from him, with ma:
bis notable Succeſs, and to render the ny Circumſtances of great, foldiery,
Thanks of the Kingdom to him, for his and notable Courage, and the Heart
incomparable Conduet and Courage ; and and Spirit of the Parliament was viſi-
that they had cauſed their Acknowledg. bly much exalted, and their Impa-
ment to be enterd in their journal tience for Peace quite abated,
Book, as a Monument and Record of On the contrary, upon the King's
bis Virtue, and their Gratitude. À Return to Qxford, there appear’d no-
Day or two after, folemn Thanks thing but Dejection of Mind, and ſe:
were render'd to thoſe Members of cret Mutiny in the Arniy, Anger and
both Houſes who had Command in Jealouſy among the Officers, every
the Army, and ſome extraordinaryone accuſing another of Want
of Cou-
Signification of Reſpect deriv'd to the rage and Conduct in the Actions of
ſuperior Officers, throughout the Ar- the Fields and they who were not of
my. A gaudy Letter of Kindneſs and the Army, blaming them all for their
Value, was ſent to Colonel Maly, ſeveral Failings, and groſs Overſights.
and, which made the Letter of more The Siege of Glaceſter was not believ'd
Value, a thouſand Pounds was ſent to have been well conducted, and that
him as a Gratuïty or Preſent for his it might have been taken in half the
Service, over and above what was due Time they were before it, if it had
to him for his Pay, and ſome Largeſs been ſkilfully gone about. The not en-
to all the inferior Officers, and á gaging the Earl of Eſex in all the
Month's Pay, over and above their March over ſo open a Country, was
Arrears, to the Soldiers of that Garë thought unexcuſable, and was imputed
riſon.
to the Want of Courage in Wilmot ;
Left the Diſcourſe and Apprehen- who Prince Rupert did in no Degree
fion of the Jealouſy between the Earl favour : Nor was the Prince himſelf
of Elex and Sir: William Waller, without ſome Reproaches, for ſuffer-
might adminiſter Hope or Suſpicion, ing the Earl of Eſex, after all the
that ſome Diviſion might grow among Horſe was joyn'd, to march down a
themſelves, and, from thence, that long ſteep Hill into the Vale of Glo-
the King might receive any Advan- cefter, without any Diſturbance; and
tage, great Care was taken to make, that the whole Army, when it was
and
greater to publiſh, a Reconcilia- found neceſſary to quit the Siege, had
tion between them; in which Sir Wil not been brought to fight in that Vale,
liam Waller was all Submiſſion and and at ſome Diſtance from the Town,
Humility, and his Excellence full of when the King's Men were freſh, and
Grace and Courteſy. The Paſſion the other Side tired with ſo long a
and Animoſity which Difference of March.
Opinion had produced between any The. Temper of the Court was no
Members, was totally laid aſide and better than that of the Army: And the
forgotten, and no Artifice omitted to King was ſo much troubled with both,
make the World believe, that they that he did not enjoy the Quiet his
were a People newly incorporated, Condition required. They who had
for-
g
2 1 2
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
forborn to be importunate for Hom look’d upon : The other two had no
nours, or Offices, becauſe they knew cauſe to complain; the King, upon
they ſhould not be able to obtain their all Occaſions, ſpoke very graciouſly to
Deſires from the King, made their thein, and particularly fent the Chan-
Modeſty an Argument of their Merit cellor of the Exchequer to the Earl of
to the Queen ; and aſſured her, That Clare, That be bad Liberty, and
they had forborn to aſk any Thing in her might be preſent at the Councils of Wer;
Abſence, becauſe they had always re where the Peers uſually were, and where
folv'd never to receive any Thing, but the general Matters of Contribution,
by Her Bounty. Many pretended for- and ſuch Things as concern'd the
mer Promiſes and Engagements for Country, were uſually debated. But
Creations of Honour, as ſoon as any the Earl of Holland was not pleaſed;
Thing ſhould be done of that Kind. he thought nothing of former Miſcar-
And it is true enough, that both their riages ought to be remember'd ; that
Majeſties had given themſelves Eaſe all thoſe were cancelled by the Merit
from preſent Importunities, by mak- of coming to the King now, and
ing Promiſes, with Reference to a bringing ſuch conſiderable Perſons
Time, which they imagined, and, at with him; and diſpoſing others to fol-
that Time, reſolv'd, ſhould not be low; and expected upon his firſt Ap-
ſoon : And now there was no ſooner pearance, to have had his Key re-
Mention of conferring Honour upon ſtored to him ; to have been in the
one or two whom they had a mind to fame Condition he was in the Bed-
gratify, but the reſt who had that Chamber, and in the Council. and in
Promiſe, were very importunate and the King's Grace and Countenance ;
clamorous for the ſame Juſtice. By of all which he had Aſſurance from
this Means they were, upon the Mat- the Queen before he came, at leaſt
ter, compelld to gratify ſome Men from Mr. Fermyn, who, no doubt,
to whom they bore no good Will; did exceed his Commiſſion; and the
and ſo, they who receiv'd the Favours very deferring of this, was grievous to
were no more pleaſed, than they were him; and the nore, becauſe he found
who conferr'd them; and they who the fame Diſreſpect from all others,
were without Ambition before, when as he had done when he came firſt to
they ſaw Honours and Offices con- Oxford.
ferr’d upon Men, who, they thought, He came frequently in the After-
did not merit them better than them- noon to Merton College ; where the
ſelves, thought their Service under- Queen lay, and where the King was
valued if they did not receive the for the moſt part at that Time of the
fame Reward. Whence it may be Day, and both their Majeſties look'd
obferv'd, that Princes ſhould not con well upon him, and ſpoke to him in
fer publick Rewards in a Seaſon when publick as Occaſion was adminiſter'd.
they can only gratify few, and ſo ma- Sometimes the King went aſide with
ny ſtand upon the fame Level in Pre- him to a Window, in the ſame Room,
tences, that they are apt to reſent the where they ſpoke a quarter or half an
preferring the one, as an Affront Hour together, out of the Hearing of
and Diſobligation to the reſt.
any Body; which the Queen did of-
There was no Particular that gave ten in the ſame Manner; Mr. Jermyn,
the King more Unquietneſs, than the who was about this Time made a Ba-
Pretence of my Lord Holland. The ron, was very frequently with him.
three Earls í before mention'd, The King was always upon his Guard
had attended the King before he roſe towards him, and did not, in truth,
from Gloceſter, and had waited upon abate any thing of his former Rigour
him throughout that March, and had or Prejudice, and continued firm to
charged the Enemy, in the King's his former Reſolutions. But the
Regiment of Horſe, at the Battle of Queen, whether from her Inclination,
Newbury, very bravely; and had be- or Promiſe, or Diſlike of moſt other
haved themſelves, 'throughout, very People, who were not ſo good Cour-
well; and return'd to Oxford with his tiers, did in truth heartily deſire, that
Majeſty; and now expected to be well he might receive Satisfaction in all
Things
9
in the , Reiğn of King CHARLES I.
3.13
very glad of.
cer;
Things, according to his own Deſire; to have the leaſt Senſe that he had
and would have truſted him herſelf as committed any.Error, as his Majeſty
much as formerly. Yet ſhe complied himſelf declard to thoſe who he knew
ſo far with the King's Averſion, that were his Friends ;: and ſaid, That he
the yet forbore to preſs it, or to own behaved himſelf with the ſame Confi-
the Encouragement ſhe had given dence, and Aſurance, as he had done
him; nor had ſhe a. Willingneſs to when he was most in bis Favour ; and
oppofe fo great a Torrent of Prejudice, that be rétain'd ſtill the old Artifice at
as ſhe faw evidently ran againſt him ; ourt, to be feen to whiſper in ihe
ſo that the appear'd not to wiſh, what King's and Queen's Ear, by which
without doubt ſhe would have been People thought there was ſome- Secret,
when the matter of thoſe Whiſpers was
However the Marquis of Hertford nothing but what might be ſaid in the:
was now come to Oxford, and expects open Court; and that the Earl of Hol--
ed the Performance of the King's Pro.. land had ſeveral Times ſeem’d to deſire,
miſe to him, and to be admitted into to ſay somewhat in private to him, yp-
the Office of Groom of the Stool; of on which be had withdrawn from the
which the King took not the leaſt No- Company to the End or Corner of the
tice of to him fince his Return; which Room, and, at firſt, expeeted and ap-
made it the more ſuſpected, that the prehended, that be would ſay ſomewhat
Intention was to readmit the old Offi. in his own Excuſe; but that he bad
and this Apprehenſion was.con never then ſaid one Word,' but what he
firmd by the Queen's looking leſs might havé Spoke in the Circle'; with,
graciouſly upon the Marquis, than ſhe which, the King ſaid, He was the bet-"
had uſed to do. And it is true, ter pleaſed; and that he believ'd, he
though it may be ſhe did not intend to had not been more particular in, bis ·
make any fuch Diſcovery by her. Diſcourſe with the Queen, Save that be
Looks, the was not pleaſed that any uſed to entertain her with the Wildon
fuch Promiſe was made, both becauſe and Power of the Parliament,
it was without her Conſent, and as it what great Things they would be able'
crofied what ſhe deſign'd; and much to do, and how much they were.refpect-
deſir'd that the Marquis could have ed in. foreign Parts; which, bis Ma-,
been perſwaded to have releaſed it; jeſty ſaid, was a ſtrange Diſcourſe
. for
towards which the Lord Jermyn, with a Man to make, who had to lately:left.
ſome Paffion ſpoke to the Chancellor them, becauſe he thought the King's.
of the Exchequer, How unreaſonable Condition to be the better of the two.
a Thing it was for the Marquis, who
The Earl had a Friend who did
was Maſter of so great a Fortune, to heartily deſire to do him all the Offi-
effect. such a low Preferment (as he ces and Services, that would conſiſt
term'd it) and bow generous a Thing it with the King's Honour, ani always
would be to quit his Pretence : But he apprehended the ill Confequence of dif-
quickly found him not to be willing to couraging ſuch Converſions, and whọ
engage
in
any ſuch Propofition. All ſpoke often to the Earl" of his own
this wonderfully indiſpoſed the other Affairs
. And when he complain’d of
Lord, and the Perſons of Quality in his Uſage, and repeated what Promiſes
the Town, who did not wiſh to fee and Encouragement he had receiv'd
the Court juſt filld as it had been, or to come to the King, and of what,
the Queen herſelf poffefs'd of fo.abfo- Importance his good Reception would
lute a Power, as he had been former- have been, Thet there were many of
ly; though they look'd upon her Per- confiderable Reputation, and Intereſt in
ſon with all Duty and Reverence. the Houſe of Commons (whom he na-.
The Earl of Holland did not act med) who intended to have follow'd;
his own Part with that Art and Dex- and that the Earl of Northumberland
terity, which might have been ex-. expected only bis Advice';. his Friend
pected from his Čunning and Expe-. ark'd him, whether be had done all
rience ; nor had ever made the leaſt. Things, ſince. he came to the King,
Apology to the King for any Thing which might reaſonably be expected from
he had formerly done ; nor appeard him? He ſaid, He thought he had done
92
all
and
4 K
or
Upon which he withdrew himſelf, Dives, whilſt he fortified Newport
314 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
all could be expected from bim, in bring- of the Earl, doth not abſolve the
ing himſelf to the King; and fince bis Court in treating him no better ;
coming to bim, in venturing his Life which was a great Error; and made
for bim; and in lieu thireof be had not the King, and all thoſe about him,
receiv'd Thanks, one gracious look'd upon as implacable; and ſo
Word; and now, after his Office bad diverted all Men from farther
been kept unbeſtow'd near two Years, Thoughts of returning to their Duty
and a Promiſe made to him, that he by ſuch Application, and made thoſe
ſhould be reſtored to it, it was to be be- who abhorrd the War, and the vio-
ftow'd upon another, to make bis Dif-, lent Counſels in carrying it on, chooſe
grace the more notorious ; which he rather to acquieſce, and expect a Con-
thought would not prove for his Ma- juncture when a general Peace might
Jeſty's Honour or Advantage. be made, than to expoſe themſelves
His Friend aſked him, whether be by unreaſonable, and unwelcome Ad.
had aſk'd it of the King, or inform’d dreſſes. The Earl of Northumberland,
him of the Promiſe that was made to who was gone to Petworth, as is faid
himHe ſaid, 'He bad done neither, before, with a Purpoſe of going to the
nor ever would ; be expected it of the King, if by the Lord Conway's Ne-
King's Grace, and would not extort it gotiation, and the Earl of Holland's
by a Promiſe, which, it might be, his Reception, he found Encouragement,
Majeſty was not privy to. The other return'd to the Parliament ; 'where he
replied very plainly to him, That if was receiv'd with great Reſpect; all
he thought be bad never committed any Men concluding, that he had never
Fault againſt the King, be bad no Res. intended to do, what he had not done.
son to acknowledge it, or make Excuſe And the other Members, who had
for it; but if he were conſcious of any entertain'd the ſame Reſolutions,
ſuch, bow unwarily ſoever it bad been changed their Minds with him,' and
done, or bow unmaliciouſly foever it bad return'd to their former Státion:
been intended; be ought to make ſome And the two Earls who yet remain'd
Confeſſion, and Apology to his Majeſty. at Oxford, ſhortly after found Means
Being, upon Conference with ſome to make their Peace at Weſtminſter;
other Friends, adviſed the fame, eſpe- and recurn'd again to their own Ha-
cially by his Daughter, he ſeem'd re- bitation at London, without a farther
folv'd to do it ; but whether he Mark of Diſpleaſure, than a Reſtraint,
thought worſe of the King's Affairs, for a Time, from coming to the
or liked the Court the leſs, becauſe Houſe of Peers, or being truſted in
he ſaw the Poverty of it, and that their Counſels.
whatever Place or Favour he might In the Beginning of Otober, Prince
obtain, he could not expect a Support Rupert with a ſtrong Party of Horſe,
from it to defray his Expences (nor - Foot, and Dragoons, march'd into
could he draw it from any other Place) Bedfordſhire, and took the Town of
he delay'd it ſo long, that the King Bedford, and in it a Party of the Ene-
found it reaſonable to confer the Office my, who uſed it only as a ſtrong
he had before promiſed, upon the Quarter." This Expedition was prin-
Marquis of Hertford.
cipally to countenance Sir Lewis
for his Convenience, to a Neighbour Pannel, where he hoped to fix a Gar-
Village, where he had a private rifon; which would have made a more
Lodging; and, after, a few Days, direct Line of Communication with
with the Help of a dark Night and a the Northern Parts, and reſtrain'd
good Guide, he got himſelf into the the Commerce between London, and
Enemies Quarters, and laid himſelf ac ' their aſſociated Counties; which they
the Feet of the Parliament; which, well underſtood; and therefore, upon
after a ſhort Impriſonment, gave him the firſt News of it, the Earl of Ejjex
leave to live in his own Houſe, with remov'd his head Quarters froni
our farther conſidering him, than as a Windſor to St. Albans, and the Train'd-
· Man able to do liccle Good or Harm. Bands of London, and their auxiliary
However, this unhappy ill Carriage - Regiments, marched again to him for
his
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
315
his Recruit; upon the Advancement The firſt Error the Prince commit.
whereof, and a Miſtake of Orders ted after the reducing of Exeter, was.
from Oxford, Sir Lewis Dives drew ſtaying too long there before he ad-
off his Forces from Newport Pannel; vanced; for victorious Armies, carry
and the Enemy preſently poſſeſſed great Terror with them, whilſt the
themſelves of it, and made it a very Memory and Fame of the Victory is.
uſeful Garriſon. Upon which, Prince freſh. The next, that he removed
Rupert fortified Tofter, a Town in not directly towards Plymouth, when
Northamptonſhire, and left a fffong he did move; which, in all Probabi-
Garriſon there; which, though it in- lity. would have yielded upon his...
feſted the Enemy ſomewhat, and took Approach: For the Town was full
great Revenge upon thoſe Counties of Diſtraction and Jealouſy among
which had expreſſed a violent Affec- themſelves, as well as unprovided for
tion to the Parliament, in truth, ad- the Reception of an Enemy. It was.
ded little Strength to the King; for a rich and populous Corporation, be-
he loft many Horſe by the Labour of ing, in Time of Peace, the greateſt
Duty, the greateſt Part of the Body Port for Trade in the Weſt; and,
of his Horſe being forced to quarter except Briſtol, then more conſiderable,
near that Place, for the Security of than all the reſt. There was in it a.
the Foot, till the Works about 'the Caſtle very ſtrong towards the Sea;
Town were in ſuch a Forwardneſs, with good Platforms and Ordnance;
that they need not fear their Neigh- and little more than Muſquet-Shoc
bours at St. Albans.
from the Town, was an Inand with a
In the mean Time, the Power of Fort in it, much ſtronger than the
the Parliament was leaſt manifeſt in Caſtle; both which were, before the
the Weſt, where their Party was re. Troubles, under the Command of a
duced to a Lowneſs, and confin'd Captain, with a Garriſon of about
within narrow Limits after the taking fifty Men at the moſt; and were on-
of Exeter ; the Gentlemen of that Coun- ly intended for a Security, and De-
ty having been generally well devoted fence of the Town, againſt a foreign
to the King's Service, though never Invaſion; the Caſtle and the Inand
able ſafely to declare it, at leaſt to together; having a good Command
appear in a Poſture of oppoſing the of the Entrance into the Harbour, but
Violence of the other Party. Prince towards the Land there was very little
Maurice found a general Concurrence Strength. This Command was in the
to advance the great Work, by Levies Command of Sir Jacob Aſhley, and as
of Money, Men, and all Offices that unprovided to expect, or refift an E-
could be expected ;: infomuch as, nemy, as the other Caſtles and Forts
within
very few Days after the Surren- of the Kingdom ; leſs for the receive
der of that Town, his Army of Foot, ing a Recruit; there being only Ord-
by the new Levies, contained no few- nance, and Ammunition, without any
er than ſeven thouſand Men (which other Proviſions for the Support of the
was a Body the Weſt had not before Soldiers within the Walls ; and the
ſeen) beſides a Body of Horſe, at Garriſon itſelf being by Time, Mar-
leaſt proportionable to the other ; and riages, and Trade, incorporated
all in excellent Equipage for Action. the Town, and rather Citizens than
And at the ſame Time, Colonel John Soldiers : So that Sir Jacob Aſhley
Digby was before Plymouth, with a- being fent for to the King, before his
bove three thouſand Foot, and fix ſetting up his Standard, as ſoon as
hundred Horſe, and had taken a. there was any Apprehenſion of a Party
Work from the Enemy of great im. for the King in Cornwal, after the ap-
portance, called Mount-Stamford, in pearing of Sir Ralph Hoptor, and
Honour of that Earl during the Time thoſe other Gentlemen there, the
of his Abode there, within half a Mayor, and Corporation of Plymouth,
Mile of the Town, and which com- .quickly got both the Caſtle and Inand
nianded ſome Part of the River ; the into their own Power.
Loſs whereof gave the Town a mar,
The Parliament was very glad Ply-
vellous Diſcouragement.
mourh was thus ſecured ; and, as well
to
+
316
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
)
to put an Obligation upon all Corpo- upon any Defe€t of Forms, defer the
rations, by ſhewing they thought conſummating the Work; which here..
them capable of the greateſt Truſts, after, poſſibly, might not be in his
as becauſe they could not, in truth, Power to effect : Deſigns of that Na-.
more reaſonably confide in any other, 'ture being to be conſulted and execu-
they committed the Government there- ted together ; for in thoſe Caſės, aces
of to that Mayor ; who was well e- cording to Mutianus in Tacitus, Qui
nough inftructed, what Reſpect to pay deliberant, deſciverunt; and the great-
to their Committee; which was ap- eſt Danger attends the. not going on.
pointed to reſide there for his Amit- But he was ſo ſottiſhly, and dange-,
ance, "and to conduct the Affairs in rouſly wary of his own Security (hav ,
thoſe Parts. Of that Committee, Sir ing: neither Courage enough to obey :
Alexander Carew was one; a Gentle- his Conſcience, nor Wickedneſs é
man of a good Fortune in Cornwal, nough to be proſperous, againſt it)
who ſerv'd in Parliament as Knight that he would not proceed, till he was
for that County, and had, from the fufficiently allured, that his Pardon
beginning of the Parliament, con was paſſed the Great Seal of England;.
curr'd in all Concluſions with the moſt before which Time, though all ima-,
violent, with as full.a Teſtimony of ginable Hafte was made, by, they
that Zeal and Fury, to which their Treachery of a Servant whom he:
Confidence was apply'd, as any Man. truſted, his Treaty: 'and Deſign was:
To him the Cuſtody and Government diſcover'd to the Mayor, and the reſt
of that Fort, and İNand, which was of the Committee ; .and, according to,
look'd upon as the Security of the the Diligence uſed by that Party, in
Town, was committed ; and a fuffi- caſes of ſuch Concernment, he was
cient Garriſon put into it. The Mayor ſuddenly, and without-Reſiſtance, fur-
commanded the Caſtle, and the Town, prized in his Fort, and carried Priſo-
about which a Line was caſt up of ner into Plymouth; and from thence,
Earth, weak, and irregular.
by Sea, fent to London ; where what,
After the Battle of Stratton, and became of him will be remember'd in
the King's Forces prevailing ſo far its Place.
over the Weſt, that Briſtol was taken Shortly after this Accident, Colonel :
by them, and Exeter cloſely beſieged, 'Digby came before the Town; and
Sir Alexander Carew begun to think, though the great Damage was by this
his Iſland and Fort would hardly ſe- means prevented, yet it cannot be
cure his Eftate in Cornwal; and un- imagin'd, but the People were in
derſtood the Law ſo well (for he had great Diſtraction, with the Appre-,
had a good Education) to know, that henſion of the Danger they had eſca- .
the Side he had cholen, would be no ped ; and thoſe Diſcoveries bring al-.
longer the better, than it ſhould con- ways that Melancholy with them,
tinue the ſtronger; and having origi- that Men are not quickly again
nally follow'd no other Motives, than brought to a Confidence in olie ano-
of Popularity and Intereſts, reſolv'd ther. For no Man had, to common
now to redeem his Errors, and found Underſtanding, better deſerv'd to be
Means to correſpond with ſome of his truſted, or given leſs Argument for
old Friends and Neighbours in Corn- Suſpicion : And upon ſuch a Defec-
wel, and by them to make a tion, who could hope to ſtand free
direct Overture to ſurrender that Fort from Jealouſy? Beſides he could not.
and INand to the King, upon an Al- but have had much Familiarity with
ſurance of his Majeſty's Pardon, and many in the Town, which muit ſub-
a full Remiſſion of his Offences. Sir ject them to ſome Suſpicion, or, at
Jobir Berkley, who then lay before Ex- leaſt, make them ſuſpect that they ·
eter, was the next fupreme Oficer, - were ſuſpected; and, without doubt,
qualified to entertain ſuch a Treaty; ie awaken'd many to apprehend the
and he, inftantly, by the fame Con- immediate Hand of God in the Judg-
veyance, return’d him as ample Af- ment, that he would not ſuffer a vian
ſurance of his own Conditions as could to recover the Security and Comfort
be; with Advice, That he ſhould not, of his Allegiance, who had ſo, ſignal-
ly
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
31
ly departed from it againſt the many of his Men, 'with lying on the
Light of his own Conſcience; and Ground, fell fick, and dieds and
that a Man, who had been before more run away. . Yet after near a
precipitate againſt all Reaſon, ſhould Months Siege, and the Loſs of many
periſh by conſidering too much, when good Men (whereof the fame Colonel
Precipitation was only reaſonable. Chudleigh, of whom we ſpoke before,
The Fame of the winning of Exe- was one, a gallant young Gentleman,
ter, by which a victorious Army was who receiv'd a Shot with a Muſquet
at Liberty to viſit them, and then in the Body, of which he died within
the Loſs of Mount-Stamford, which few Days, and was a wonderful Loſs
was their only conſiderable Fortifica- to the King's Serơice). it was given up
tion to the Land, with thoſe other on fair Conditions, and then the
Diſcompoſures wrought a wonderful Prince, having placed a Garriſon
Conſternation among them; and made there, under the Command of Colo-
them conſider, that if they could hold nel Seymour, a Gentleinan of principal
out, and defend their Town, the Account and Intereſt, in Detonſhire,
Country being all loft, they muſt loſe. loft no more Time, but with all coni
all their Trade, and ſo from Mer- venient Expedition, march'd to Ply-
chants become only Soldiers; which mouth;, which was not now in the
was not the Condition they contended State it had been; for the Parliament
for. Inſomuch as the Mayor himſelf being quickly. inform'd, how terrible
was not without a Propenſity to ſend an Impreſſion the Loſs of almoſt all
for a Treaty, upon which the Town other Parts of the Weſt had made up-
might be deliver'd to the King: on the Spirits of that people, had be-
And it was by many believ'd, that if fore this Time ſent a Recruit of five
Prince' Maurice had then marched hundred Men; and a Scots Officer to
from Exeter before it, that Treaty be Governor ; who eaſed the Mayor
would infallibly have enſued. But, of that unequal Charge, and quickly
.
when I ſay, it was an Error that he did made it evident, that nothing but a
not, I intend it rather as a Misfortune peremprory Defence was thought of.
than a Fault; for his Highneſs was. Šo the Prince ſat down before it with
an utter Stranger in tboſe Parts; and an Army much inferior, after he had
therefore was, not without great Ap-' joyn'd with Colonel Digby, to, that
pearnce of Reaſon, perſwaded firſtto' with which he had márch'd from Exet
bend his Courſe to Dartmouth ; which ter to Dartmouth; yet with much
was look'd upon as an eaſy Work, and, Confidence to reduce that Town, be-
à Harbour, which being got, would fore the Winter ſhould be over.
draw a very good Trade : And. that Though the King's Succeſs, and
ſoort Work being perform’d, Plymouth good Fortune, had met with a Check
would have the lef's Courage to make in the Relief of Glocefter, and the Bat-
Reſiſtance ; and if it ſhould, it were tle of Newbury, yet his. Condition
much fitter for the Winter, which was ſeem'd mightily improv'd by the
now drawing on, than the other, by whole Summer's Service. For where-
reaſon of the Conveniency of good Ac- as he feem'd before confined, upon
commodation for the Soldiers near about the Matter, within Oxfordſhire, and
it; which could not be had about Dart- half Berkſhire (which half was loſt too,
mouth.
upon the Loſs of Reading in the
Upon theſe Reaſons, he march'd Spring) and the Parties which ap-
directly to Dartmouth; which, how pear'd for him in other Counties,
unfit foever to make a Defence againſt ieem'd rather ſufficient to hinder a ge-
ſuch an Army, by the Diſadvantage of neral Union againſt him, than that
Situation, and the Want of all thoſe they were like to reduce them to his
Helps which uſe to make a Garriſon Devotion; he was now, upon the
confident, he found in no Temper matter, Maſter of the whole Weſt;
and Diſpoſition to yield; ſo that he Cornwal was his own without a Rival;
ſat down before it. And ſhortly after, Plymouth was the only Place, in all
there came ſo violent a Seaſon of Devonſhire. unreduced; · and thoſe
Rain, and foul Weather, that very Forces fhut within their own Walls :
93
the
4 L
318
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
the large, rich County of Somerſet, Treaty, and to remove thoſe Cereino-
with Briſtol, entirely his : In Dorſet- nies, and preliminary Propoſitions,
phire, the Enemy had only two little which, hy reaſon of the mutual De
Fiſher-Towns, Poolė and Lyme; all clarations, and Proteſtations againſt
the reſt was declar'd for the King. each other, might be thought of
And in every of theſe Counties, he greater Difficulty, than any real Dif:
had plenty of Harbours and Ports, to ferences between them.
fupply him with Ammunition, and The King himſelf was not without
the Country with Trade. In Wilt. Expectation of notable Effects from
fhire the Enemy had not the leaſt foot- this Ambaſſy; for the State of France
ing, and rather a Town or two in feem'd to be much alter'd from what
Hampſhire, than any Poſſeſſion of the it was at the Beginning of theſe Trou-
County; that People being generally bles. Cardinal Richelieu, who the Kirig
-Ondevoted to them : The whole wellknew, had more than fomented the
Principality of Wales, except a Sea Troubles both in England and Scotland,
Town or two in Pembrokeſhirey was was now dead; and the King of France
at his Devotion; and that unfortu- himſelf likewiſe, and thoſe old Mini-
nately obſtinate Town of Gloceſter on ſters of State who had been long in
ly kept him from commanding the the Baftile, or baniſhid, were now ſet
whole Severn. The Parliament was at Liberty, and recalled, and in Fa-
nothing ſtronger in Shropſhire, Che vour; the Queen Mother made Re-
Joire, and Lancaſhire, than they were gent; who profeſſed great perſonal
in the beginning of the Year. And Kindneſs to the Queen of England,
albeit the Marquis of New-Caſtle had and fo great a Senſe of the Indignities
been forced to riſe as unfortunately the King, and ſhe fuffer'd, that ſhe
from Hull, as the King had been
from feem'd ſenſible, that France had con-
Gloceſter, yet he had ſtill a full Power tributed too much to them, and to
over Yorkſhire, and a greater in Notu think, that the Intereſt, as well as the
tinghamſhire, and Lincolnſhire, than Honour of that Crown, was concern'd
the Parliament had. So that he might to buoy up the Monarchy of England;
be thought to be now ſtrong enough with Intimations, That the King him-
to make War; the contrary Opinion ſelf ſkould direčt what Way be would be
whereof had been one of the greateſt ſerv'd by that Crown.
Reaſons that there was no Peace. The firſt Evidence they gave of
And therefore many believ'd, that, meaning as they ſaid, was the Revo-
what Appearance ſoever there was of cation of Monſieur la Ferte Senneterre,
Obſtinacy, the Winter would produce the Embaſſador then reſident in Eng-
fome Overtures of Accommodation; land; who had contracted a wonder-
and that all the Noiſe of Preparation. ful Familiarity with the fierceft Mana--
from Scotland, was only to incline the gers of the Parliament, and done the
King to the greater. Condeſcenſions ; King all imaginable Differvice; info-
and that, in truth, they who had pre- much as he had induſtriouſly perſwa-
tended the concurrent Deſire of the ded ſome Engliſh Prieſts, and Jefuits,
People, as the beſt Reaſon for what to engage thoſe of the Romijh Per-
ſoever they had propoſed, and tradu- fwaſion, by no means to aſſiſt the
.ced the King with a Purpoſe of bring. King; with a full Aflurance, That ttiz
ing foreign Forces to awe, and impofe Parliament would allow them Liberi
upon his own Subjects, would not of Conſcience. This Miniſter his Ma-
now have the Hardineſs to bring in a jeſty deſired might be recalled; which
ſtranger Nation to invade their Coun- was not only ſuddenly done, but a
try, and to compel that People, by private Intimation likewife given to
whoſe Affections they would be our Queen, That ſhe ſhould nominale,
thought to be guided; to ſubmit to what Perſon was to be employ'd. in his
Changes they had no Mind to receive. Place; who ſhould wholly guide himſelf
And the Arrival of the Count of Har- by her Inſtructions : And her Majeſty
court, as Extraordinary Ambaſſador was led to make choice of Monſieur
from the Crown of France, was look'd le Conte d? Harcourt, one of the prin-
upon as an Expedient to uſher in ſome cipal Perſons of that Kingdom, being
2
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 319
& Prince of the Houſe of Lorraine, tention; if they did, after they ſhould
and ſo allied to the King, and Grand make him underſtand the Subjeet that
Eſcuier; and had been their late fortu- bad obliged them to take up Arms, be
nate General in Catalonia, where he would interpoſe to pacifie the Differences,
had given the Spaniard the greateſt by ſuch Expedients, as ſhould be moſt
Defeat they had receiv'd; which was conformable to the ancient Laws and
not thought an unſeaſónable Qualifi: Cuſtoms of the Realm.
cation in an Ambaſſador whoſe Buſi. After the Earl of Northumberland
neſs was to mediate a Peace.
had inform'd the Houſe of Peers' of
His Reception at London was with this Repreſentation, it was, at a Con-
much Solemnity, that he might not ference, imparted to the Houſe of
find there was any Abſence of Cere. Commons, and an Anſwer was fra-
mony or State, by the Abſence of the med by joint Agreement, 'to be re-
King; yet when he had a ſafe Con- turn’d by the Earl of Northumberland
duct for Oxford, his Carriages were to the Embaſſador. In the Form of
ſtopped at the going out of London, it, they gave him the Title of Prince
and his own Coach, as well as all o- of Harcourt, and Grand Eſcuier of
ther Places, ſearch'd with great and France; but omitted that of Extraora
unuſual Rudeneſs, upon Suſpicion dinary Embaſador in England, becauſe
that he carried Letters; and though it did not appear to the Parliament, by
he expoſtulated the Affront, as a high Letters of Credence, or the Sight of
violation of his Honour and Privilege, his Inſtructions from the King, or
he receiv'd no manner of Reparation, Queen Regent of France, that he was
or the Officer that did it, any Repre- by them employ'd Extraordinary Em-
henſion ; which made many believe, baffador into England.
thať he would have been very keen in The Anſwer itſelf was, That the
the Reſentment. The King expected Lords and Commons in Parliament did;
that, by this Embaffador, the Crown with all due Reſpects, accept of the af-
of France would have made a briſk fe&tionate Defires of the - King and
Declaration on his Majeſty's Behalf; Queen Regent of France to contribute
and if the Parliament ſhould not re- good Offices, towards the procuring a
turn to their Obedience, that they happy Peace; and that, when the ſaid
ſhould have found no Correſpondence, Monſieur le Prince d'Harcourt ſhould
or Reception in that Kingdom ; and make any ſuch Propoſitions to the Par-
that they would'really aſſiſt his Ma- liament, by Authority from their Ma-
jeſty, in ſuch Manner as he ſhould jeſties of France, they would give then
propofe ; which Declaration, he ſuch an Anſwer to the ſame, as might
thought, would prove of Moment ſtand with the. Intereſt of both Kingdoms,
with the City of London, in reſpect of and their late folemn League and Cove-
their Trade ; but more with the Scots, nant. The Lords propoſed, That
who were underſtood to have an efpe- there might be a Committee appointed to
cial Dependance upon France. treat with the Embaſſador : But the
When the Embaſſador return'd Commons would by no means conſent
from his Audience at Oxford, where to it, till be should make it manifeſt,
he ſtay'd not many Days, he ſent a that he had Authority from his Maſter
Paper to the Earl of Northumberland, to treat with the Parliament and
by which he deſir'd his Lordſhip, to withal they declared, That if he bad,
impart to the Meſſeurs of Parliament, at any Time, any thing farther to offer
that he bad made known to their Ma to them, they would not receive it from
jeties, the affectionare Defire the King any particular Member of either Houſe;
bis Maſier, and the Queen bis Miſtreſs, but that he ſhould apply himſelf by wri-
had to contribuie all good Offices, in the ting, or otherwtſe, to the Speaker of
Procurement of Peace and Tranquillity either, or both Houſes of Parliament;
in this Kingdom ; to which be found otherwiſe, they would hold no Correſ-
the Difires of their Majeſties well dif- pondence with him. The Ground of
Poſed; and therefore he deſir'd to know, this Reſolution was, that they might
Tühether his Lordſhip thought the two draw from the Embaſſador (which
Houſes did correſpond in the ſame In- they preſumed could not be without
the
3
a
320
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Privity, and Approbation of the Time come into England; and, in
King) an Addreſs, and Acknowledg- ſuch a Diſguiſe, as might eaſily con-
ment that they were a Parliament, a ceal a Man better known in France
gainſt the Freedom whereof, and con than in his own Country, in the Em-
ſequently the preſent Being, his Ma- baſſador's Train find a ſafe Paſſage to
jelty had by his late Proclamation, Oxførd; which was carried with ſo
declar'd. So the Embaſſador, after a much Secrecy, that, beſides to the
Journey or two to Oxford, and ſome Embaſſador himſelf, he was known to
perfunctory Addreſſes to the Houſes, very few of his Retinue: The Count
return?d to France re infeta, and of Harcourt was not landed four and
without the leaſt Expreſſion of Dinike, twenty Hours, but in his Journey to-
on his Maſter's Behalf, of their Pro- wards London, a Meſſenger from the
ceedings.
Parliament apprehended Mr. Montague
Some were ſcrupulous in believing and carried him a Priſoner to the
that France really intended to repair Houſes; by whoin he was cominitted
the Miſchief it had done; and ob to the Tower; and though the Em-
ſerv'd, that though there were ſome baſſador made a great Shew of reſent-
plauſible Compliances, in point of ing it, he never claimed him in ſuch
Ceremony, with particular Perſons, a Manner as to procure his Enlarge-
after the Death of the former Cardi- ment;, which made Men believe the
nal; yet, that the main Counſels were Cardinal liked well his Confinement,
carried on upon the Rules and Direcs and deſir'd not he ſhould be either at
tions he had left ; and that the Cardi- Oxford or Paris.
nal Mazarin, a Perſon who had been At the Embaſſador's firſt coming to
of the higheſt Truſt with the other, Oxford, after general Overtures, and
wholly now prelided over thoſe Coun- Declarations of the Reſolution of that
fels; and conſider'd how much France Crown, to give his Majeſty all poſſible
might imagine it would conduce to Aſſiſtance for his Re-eſtabliſhment, he
their Intereſt, that the King of Eng• propoſed a League Offenſive and De-
land ſhould not have all his Subjects fenſive with the King. His Majeſty,
in .perfect Obedience, left he might that knew well ſuch an Offer was not
offer to be an Arbiter of their great to be rejected, left they ſhould from
Differences : I ſay, theſe Men be- thence take an Occaſion to refuſe thoſe
ļiev'd Count Harcourt's Inſtructions Things he ſhould propoſe, appointed
privately were no other, than' the laſt a Committee of his Council (accord-
Embaſſador's; whom the King had ing to the uſual Courſe) to treat with
cauſed to be recalled." And it cannot the Embaſtador, upon all neceſary
be denied, that they who were incli- Articles, which ſhould attend ſuch a
ned to that Jealouſy, had Arguments Treaty ; declaring an Inclination to
enough to encreaſe it.
enter into ſuch a League as was pro-
When this Extraordinary Embaffa- poſed; and thereupon déſir'd a pre-
dor was appointed to come for Eng- fent Loan of Money, and a Supply of
land, Mr. Montague was in the Court a good Proportion of Arms and Am-
of France very muſt truſted by both munition ; and likewiſe that the
their Majefties, and by his Quality, Crown of France would declare againſt
and near Relation to fo great a Truſt, the Subjects of England and Scotland,
his long Converſation in that Court, who ſhould perſiſt in Rebellion; ac-
and a ſingular Dexterity in his Nature, cording to an Article ratified in the
adorn'd with excellent Parts, was laſt Treaty now in force.
thought to have a very good Place in The Embaſſador, who, it ſeems,
the particular Eſtimation of that expected that there ſhould have been
Queen Regent, and in the Opinion of more pauſes in the Overture of the
the Cardinal; to whom he had been League Offenſive and Defenſive, for
uſeful. With this Gentleman moſt of the preſent declined the Treating with
the Concluſions had been tranſacted, the Committee ; alledging, That be
which were preparatory to the Em- was, upon the matter, a Miniſter of
baffador's Journey ;
and it both their Majeſties; and was to re-
thought fit, that he ſhould at the ſame ceirie Command from ther, and wholly
was
to
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 32 1
to attend their Service ; and therefore nity; which was not difficult, tû re-
that he deſir'd wholly. to communicate move out of the King's Quarters; and
with their Majefties themſelves : And before he was miſs'd at Oxford, Intel-
ſhortly after waved any further Men- ligence was brought that he had ren-
tion of the League, with an affected der'd himſelf to the Parliament at
Compliment, That it would not appear London, and to make his Return the
@ generous Thing, to preſs the King in more conſcientious; he declard; as
aný A£t in this bis Diſtreſs, which he hath been ſaid, That the Ground of his
had made fcruple of conſenting to bere- déſerting them formerly, and going to
tofore, when the Fortune of both Crowns the King; ' was à Hope to incline bis
were equally proſperous : But that his Majeſty to a Treaty of Peace ; but that
Maſter and Miſtreſs, would frankly þe found he was miſtaken in the Temper
contribute all that could reaſonably be of the Oxford Councils; and that the
expected from them, towards his Ma- King had ſtill about him forne Counſel-
jeſty's Reſtoration, and Eſtabliſhment; lors, who would never conſent to a ſafe
and afterwards expeet ſuch a Return of and wëll grounded Peace; and that he
Ajection from his Majeſty, as the 'heard they had perſwaded the King, to
Greatneſs of the Obligation Mould me- make a Céſatian with the Rebels in
rit in his princely Eſtimation. And at Ireland, which affected bis Conſcience
the fame Time, the Queen Regent so much, that, though he had been fure
and Cardinal poſitively denied to the to have loſt his Life by it; be would re-
Lord Goring, Embaſſador Extraordi- turn to the Parliament'; profeſſing ex-
nary then from his Majeſty in France, emplary Fidelity to them, if they would
that ever the Count of Harcourt had again receive him into their Favour.
any Inſtruction to mention a Leagụe It may be, his Diſcourſe of Ireland,
Offenſive and Defenſive. Theſe par- ºr the King's Averſnels 'to Peace,
ticular Carriages, and his not reſent- wrought upon very few ; but the Evi-
ing the Indignities, offer'd to him by dence of the King's Averſion fo får to
the Parliament, made many Men be- forgivë, and forget former Treſpallès,
lieve, that this Embaſſador, notwith- as to receive themi into Favour and
ſtanding all the ſpecious Profęſtions, Truſt again, made a deep Impreſtión
was ſent rather to foment, than extin- upon many. For it is undoubtedly
guiſh the Fire that was kindled. Cer- true, that many of the principal
tain it is, during his Stay in England, Members of both Houſes; thát is, of
he did not, in the leaſt Degree, ad- them who had govern'd, and done as
vance the King's Service; and at his much Mifchief as any, either out of
Return, left the Parliament more uni- Apprehenſion that the King would
ted amongſt themſelves againſt the prevail, or that they ſhould not pre-
King, and the Scots more advanced vail ſoon enough, or the Animoſity
towards their coming in, than he againſt thoſe who had out-grown their
found them ; there being at the ſame Government, and followed new
Time likewiſe a French Agent in Scot- Leaders of their own, and to other
land; who produced no Alteration in Ends than had been originally propo-
the Affections of that People, to the fed, or out of ſome Motions of Con-
King's Advantage.
ſcience, were quite weary of the Par-
The Return of the three Earls, for-, liament, and deſirous to obtain a fair
merly mention'd, to London in the Admiſſion to the King and looked
Winter, who fo. folemnly apply'd only upon the Footing which thoſe
themſelves to the King in the Spring, Doves, which went firſt ouť of the
contributed exceedingly to the Union Ark, ſhould find; and ſurely, if that
of the two Houſes at Weſtminſter. Expedient had been dexféroully ma-
The other two ſtay'd longer, and re- naged, it had been the moſt probable
tired with much more Decency, if Way to have drawn the Parliament
not with a tacit Permiſſion. But the into ſuchContempt, that'ít muft have
Earl of Holland, when he ſaw his fallen of itſelf.
Place in the Bed-Chamber conferr'd
The Lords and Commons were all
upon the Marquis of Hertford, 'in now of a Mind, and no other. Conten-
much Diſcontent, found an Opportu- tion amongſt them, than who Thould
95
moſt
1
4 M
322
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
moſt advance the Power which was to ter Publication of that Ordinance,
ſuppreſs the King's. The Commons ſhould paſs any Thing under any other
had often preſſed the Houſe of Peers Great Seal, or ſhould claim any Thing
to concur with them, in the making a thereby, ſhould be beld end judged
nece Great Seal; as the proper Remedy publick Enemy to the State.
againſt the Miſchiefs, which, by the At the ſame Time, the Earls of Rut.
Abſence of it, had befallen the Cosmon- land and Bullingbrook, of the Peers,
wealth ; declaring, That the Great Mr. Saint-John (whom they still en-
Seal of England, of right, ought to at- tituled the King's Sollicitor General,
tend upon the Parliament; in which the though his Majeſty had revoked his Pa-
Peers as often refuſed to joyn with tent) Serjeant Wild, Mr. Brown, and
them, being ſtartled at the Statute of Mr. Prideaux, two private Practiłers of
the 25th of Edw. the III. by which the Law, were nominated to have the
the counterfeiting the Great Seal of keeping, ordering, and diſpoſing of it,
England is, in expreſs Terms, declared and all ſuch, and the like Power and
to be High Treaſon; and it had been Authority, as any Lord Chancellor, or
in all Times before underſtood to be Lord Keeper, or Commiſioner of the
the ſole Property of the King, and Great Seal, for the Time being, had
not of the Kingdom, and abſolutely bad, uſed, or ought to have. The Earl
in the King's own Diſpoſal, where it of Rutland was fo modeſt, as to chink
ſhould be kept, or where it ſhould at- himſelf not ſufficiently qualified for
tend,
ſuch a Truſt; and therefore excuſed
This Diffent of the Lords hinderd himſelf in point of Conſcience :
not the Buſineſs; the Commons frank- Whereupon they nominated, in his
ly voted, That a Seal ſhould be provi- Room, the Earl of Kent, a Man of
ded; and accordingly took Order that far meaner Parts, who readily accept-
one was engraven, and brought into ed the Place.
their Houſe, according to the ſame The Seal then was deliver'd, in the
Size and Effigies, and nothing differ- Houſe of Commons to their Speaker;
ing from that which the King uſed at and by him, with much Solemnity,
Oxford. Being in this Readineſs, and the Houſe attending him, to the
obſerving the Lords to be leſs fcrupu- Speaker of the Peers, at the Bar in
lous than they had been, about the that Houſe. The fix Commiſſioners,
Middle of November they fent again were then, in the Preſence of both
to them, to let them know, They had Houſes, ſolemnly ſworn,' To execute
a Great Seal ready, which ſhould be put the Office of Keepers of the Great Seal
into the Cuſtody of ſuch Perfons, as the of England, in all Things according to
two Houſes should appoint, and if they the Orders and Directions of both Hou-
would name Some Peers, a proportiona- fes of Parliament. And, thereupon
ble Number of the other Body ſhould the Seal was deliver'd by the two
joyn in the executing that Truſt. All Speakers to them, who carried it, ac-
Objections were now paſſed over, and cording to Order, to the Houſe of the
without any. Heſitation their Lord- Clerk of the Parliament, in the old
ſhips not only concurr'd with them to Palace; where it was kept lock'd up
have a Seal in their own Dilpoſal, but in a Cheſt; which could not be open'd
in a Declaration and Ordinance; by but in the Preſence of three of them,
which they declared, All Letters Pa- and with three ſeveral Keys. This
tents, and Grants made by the King, Work being over, they appointed,
and paſſed the Great Seal of England, for the firſt Exerciſe of this kind of
after the 22d of May in the Year 1642 Sovereignty, a Patent to be ſealed to
(which was the Day the Lord Keeper the Earl of Warwick, of Lord High
left the Houſe, and went with the Admiral of England; which was done
Great Seal to York to the King) to be accordingly; by which many con-
invalid, and voed in Law; and hence cluded, that the Earl of Northumber-
forward, that their own Great Seal land, who had been put out of that
jould be of the like Force, Power, and great Office, for their Sakes, was not
Validity, to all Intents and Purpoſes, reſtored to cheir full Confidence; O-
as any Great Seal of England had been, thers, that he deſired not to wear
or ought to be; and that whoſoever, af- their Livery,
About
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
323
per very terrible.
About the fame Time, to ſhew that ing to be adjourn'd by no other Way.
they would be abſolute, and not Norwithſtanding all which, they were
joynt Sharers in the Sovereign Power, both condemnd to be hangʻd as
they gave an Inſtance of Boldneſs mix- Spies; and that ſuch a Sentence might
ed with Cruelty, that made them ap not be thought to be only in terrorem,
The King had the two poor Men were, within few
publiſh'd ſeveral Proclamations, for Days after, carried to the old Exchange,
the Adjournment of the Term from where a Gallows was purpoſely ſet up;
London to Oxford, which had been and there one of them, one Daniel
hitherto fruitleſs, for want of the ne- Kniveton, was without Mercy execu-
ceffary legal Form of having the ted; dying with another kind of Cou-
Writs read in Court; ſo that the rage than could be expected from a
Judges at Oxford, who were ready to Man of ſuch Condition and Educa-
perform their Duty, could not regu- tion, did not the Conſcience of being
larly keep the Courts there; which innocent beget a marvellous Satisfac-
elſe they would have done, not-
not- tion in any Condition. · The other,
withſtanding the Order and De- after he had ſtood ſome Time upon,
clarations publiſhed by the two Hou or under the Gallows, looking for the
ſes to the contrary; they who were ſame Concluſion, was reprieved, and
learned in the Law, believing that ſent to Bridewell; where he was kept
Aſſumption to be unqueſtionably out long after, till he made an Eſcape,
of their Juriſdiction. Theſe Writs of and return'd again to Oxford. This
Adjournments had never yet been de- Example begot great Terror in all the
liver'd ſeaſonably, to be read in well affected about London, and ſo
Court; or into the Hands of either of much the more, becauſe, about the
the ſworn Judges who yet attended at fame Time, an Ordinance was made,
Weſtminfter,; of which there were That whoſoever went to Oxford, or in-
three in Number, Juſtice Bacon in to any of the King's Quarters, without
the King's Bench, Juſtice Reeve in leave from one of the Houſes, or a Paſs
the Common Pleas, and Baron Trevor from their General; or whoſoever had
in the Exchequer; who, how time- any Correſpondence with any perſon iit
rous foever, and apprehenſive of the the King's quarters, by writing Let-
Power and Severity of the Parliament, ters, or receiving Letters from thence,
knowing the Law and their Duties, jould be proceeded. againſt as a Perfon
Men believ'd, would not have bare- diſaffected to the State; and his Perſon.
faced declined the Execution of thoſe committed, and his Eſtate ſequefterd;
Commands they were ſworn to obſerve. and ſhould be liable, according to the
Several Meſſengers were therefore ſent Circumſtances (of which themſelves
from Oxford with thoſe Writs; and would be only Judges) to be tried as ,
appointed, on, or before ſuch a Day Spies.
(for that Circumſtance was penal) To
As this made them exceedingly ter-
find an opportunity to deliver the Writs rible to thoſe who lov'd them not,
into the Hands of the ſeveral Judges. fo about the fame Time, they gave
Two of them perform’d their Char- another Inſtance of Severity, which
ges, and deliver'd the Writs to Ju- render'd their Government no leſs re-
itice Reeve and Baron Trevor ; who verenced amongſt their Friends, and
immediately cauſed the Meſſengers to Affociates. The brave Defence of
be apprehended.
Gloceſter, and the great Succeſs that
The Houſes, being inform’d of it, attended it, made the Loſs of Briſtol
gave Direction, That they should be the more felt by the Parliament; and
tried by a Council of War, as Spies; conſequently the Delivery, and yield-
which was done at Elex-Houſe. The ing it up the more liberally ſpoken
Meſſengers alledg'd, That they were of, ani cenſur’d. The which Colonel
Sworn Servants to his Majeſty for the Fiennes having noc Patience to bear,
Tranſaktion of thoſe Services, for which he deſired, being a Member of the
they were now accuſed; and that they Houſe of Commons, and of a ſway-
had been legally puniſhable, if they had ing Intereſt there, That he might be
refuſed to do their Duties: the Term be- put to give an Account of it, at a
Court
*
324
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Court of War, which was the proper Enemy, who, by his Misfortune at
Fudicaturę upon Treſpaſſes of that Na- Roundway-Down, having brought that
ture.
And in the mean Time, he Storm upon Briſtol, was induſtrious to
yas powerful enough,; to procure make the ſecond Lofs to be appre-
ſome of the Chief who inveigh'd hended only as the other's Want of
againſt him, to be impriſon'd, and Courage and Conduct) and being
reprehended. This begot greater ſure, that he was very free from with
Paſſion and Animoſity in the Perfons, ing well to the King, he thought no
that thought they ſuffer'd unjuſtly, and Defect would be farther imputed to
only
by the Authority and Intereſt of him, than might well be anfwerd by
the Colonel and his Father; which, the having done his beſt; and that
by Degrees, brought Faction into the the Eminency of his perfect Zeal a-
Houſe of Commons, and the Army, gainft his Majeſty; would weigh
according to the ſeveral Affections and down all Objections of Différvice to
Tempers of Men.
the Parliament.
There were but two Proſecutors ap But notwithſtanding all this, after a
pear’d, one Mr. Walker, a Gentle- long and folemn hearing before the
man of Somerſetſhire, of a good For- Court of War, at St. Albans, where
tune, and by the Loſs of that, the "the Earl of Elex then lay, which took
more provok'd ; who had been in the up many Days, he was condemn’d to.
Town when it was loſt, and had loſe his Head, for not having defended
ſtrictly obſerv'd all that was done, or Briſtol ſo well, and so long as be ought
faid; and the famous Mr. Pryn, who to have done. And though he had af-
had at firſt let himſelf into the Diſqui- terwards a Pardon for his Life, grant-
Gition of that Buſineſs, out of the Ac-ed to him by the Prerogative of the
tivity, and Reſtleſsneſs of his Nature, General, 'under his Hand and Seal,
and was afterwards ſharpen'd by Con- yet the Infamy of the Judgment could
tempt. Theſe two, under Pretence 'not be taken off ; by which he be-
of. Żeal to the Kingdom, and that came unfit to continue an Officer of
ſuch an irreparable Damage to it the Army; and the Shảme of it per-
might not paſs away without due Pu- ſwaded him to quit the Kingdom; fo
niſhment, undertook the Proſecution; that he went for ſome Time into Fo-
and boldly charged the Colonel with reign Parts, retaining ſtill the ſame
Cowardiſe, and Treachery; and gave full Difaffection to the Government of
ſeveral Inſtances of great and high Pro- the Church and State, and only
feffions and Performances, faint, and griev'd that he had a leſs Capacity to
not anſwerable ; with ſome Mixtures of do Hurt to either. Many looked up-
Pride, and Love of Money, through- 'on this Example, as a Foundation of
out the Courſe of his Government. "great Awe and Reverence in the Ar-
Colonel Fiennes, beſides the Credit my, that the Officers might ſee, that
and Reputation of his Father, had a no Titles or Relations ſhould be able
very good Stock of Eftimation in the to break through the ſtrict Diſcipline
Houſe of Commons upon his own of War. For this Gentleman was a
Score; for truly he had very good Perſon of ſingular Mèrit and Fidelity
: parts of Learning, and Nature, and to the Party that he ſerv’d, and of ex-
was privy to, and a great Manager in, traordinary Uſe to them in thoſe
the moſt ſecret Deſigns from the Be- Counſels that requir’d the beſt Under-
ginning; and if he had not incum- ſtandings. Others thought it an Act
,
ber'd himſelf with Command in the of unadviſed Severity, to expoſe ſo e-
Army, to which Men thought his 'minent a Perſon, who knew all their
Nature not ſo well diſpoſed, he had Intrigues, upon the Importunity of
fure been ſecond to none in thoſe. uſelefs and inconſiderable Perſons to
Councils;: after Mr. Hambden's Death. Infamy; whilſt others conſider'd it, as
This made him too much deſpiſe thoſe a Judgment of Heaven upon a Man
who appear'd his Adverſaries, and o who had been ſo forward in promo-
thers whom he knew to be fuch, ting the publick Calamities : And
though they appear'd not (for he no doubt increaſed much the Factions
looked upon Sir William Waller as an and Animoſities, both in the Parlia-
ment,
1
1
A
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. . 325
Some Imprelion upon the Nation in Scot-
ment and the Army; and might have before to their Seducers. A Letter was
done them farther Miſchief, if it had prepared accordingly, expreſſing, The
not fallen on a Man ſo thoroughly Foulneſs of the Rebellion in England,
engaged, that no Provocations could under the Reputation of the Houſes of
make him leſs of their Party, or leſs Parliament, and the carrying on the
concern'd in their Confederacy. Same, when they had driven away, by
At this Time, nothing troubled the Force, nuch the major part of the
King ſo much, as the Intelligence he Members of both Houſes, and exprefly
receiv'd from Scotland, that they had againf all the Laws of the Land: Ic
already formed their Army, and re put them in Mind of their Obligation
folv'd to enter England in the Winter to the King ; and pathetically con-
Seaſon.' All his Confidence, which cluded, with conjuring them to defift
he had founded there upon the Faith, from their unjujt, and unwarrantable
and moſt ſolemn Profeſſion of particu- Purpoſe. The Letter was peruſed,
lar Men, without whom the Nation and debated in the Council, and after-
could not have been corrupted, had wards in the Preſence of all the Peers,
deceiv'd him to a Man; and he found and being generally approv'd without
the fame Men moſt engaged againſt any, diſſenting Voice, it was orderd
him, who had, with moſt Solemnity, to be ingroffed, and lign’d by all thoſe
vow'd all Obedience to him. The Peers, and Privy Counſellors, who
Circumſtance of the Time made the were then in Oxford, and to be ſent
Danger of the Invaſion the more for- to thoſe who were abſent in any of the
midable'; for the Earl of Newcaſtle, Armies, or in the King's Quarters,
lately created a Marquis, had been and to be then ſent to the Marquis of
compelled with his Army, as much Newcaſtle ; who, after he had ſign'd
by the Murmurs and Indiſpoſition of it, with thoſe Peers who were in thoſe
the Officers, as by the Seaſon of the Parts, was to tranſmit it into Scotland
Year, to quit his Deſign upon Hill, by a Trumpet'; all which was done
and to retire to York; and the Garriſon accordingly.
of Hull had made many ſtrong Infalls Of all the Peers who follow'd the
into the Country, and defeated fome King, there was only one who refuſed
of his Troops ; ſo that the Scots were to ſign this Letter, the Earl of Lei-
like to find a ſtrong Party in that large ceſter; who, after many Pauſes and
County. However, the Marquis fent Delays, whether he had not yet di-
a good Body of Horſe towards the geſted his late Depoſal from the Lieu-
Borders, to wait their Motion; and. tenancy of Ireland, to which the Mar-
no ſooner heard of their March, quis of Ormond was deputed, and
which begun in January, in a great reſolv'd not to ſacrifice himſelf to any
Froſt and Snow, than himſelf march'd popular Diſpleaſure, and not to pro-
into the Biſhoprick of Durham to ať- voke the Parliament farther than by
tend them.
not concurring with them; or whe-
In theſe Streights, the King confi- ther he had it then in his Purpoſe to
der'd the Expedients which was pro- be found in their Quarters, as ſhortly
poſed to him, and which his Majeſty after he was, did in the End poſitive-
allo directed ſhould be conſulted in ly refuſe to ſubſcribe the Letter; and
the Council. That all the Peers who thereby was the Occaſion of a Miſchief
were then in Oxford, or in the King's he did not intend. Bor both their
Service, might ſubſcribe a Leiter to the Majeſties, in their ſecret
Purpoſe, had
Council of State in Scotland; whereby deſign'd him to ſucceed the Marquis
it. would appear, by the Subſcription, of #ertford in the Government of the
that above five Parts of fix of the whole Prince : For which he would have
Nobility, and Houſe of Peers, were in been very proper ; but upon this fo
the King's Service, and diſavow'd all affected a Diſcovery of Nature and
thoſe Actions which were done againſt. Mind, liable to no kind of Compli-
bim, by the pretended Authority of the ance, the King could not profecute
two Houſes ; which poſſibly might make his purpoſe ; and ſo the Government
land, though it was well enough knocein was committed to the Earl of Berk-
96
4 N
fire,
1
326
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
ſhire,. for no other Reaſon but becauſe vanced againſt them with his Army,
he had a Mind to it, and his Impor- and gave them a very ſignal Defeat;
tunity was very troubleſome.
which reform'd their Application, and
The King, was not all this while. made it more ſubmiſs.
without a due Senſe of the Dangers Soon after this, the Lord Marquis
that threaten'd him in the Growth and of Ormond, being then only General
Improvement of the Power and of the Horſe there, enter'd upon a
Strength of the Enemy, and how im- Treaty with Commiſſioners authoriſed
poſſible it would be for him, without by the Council at. Kilkenny.; to whoſe
ſome more extraordinary Aſſiſtance, Juriſdiction the Rebels had committed
to reſiſt that Torrent, which, he fore- the whole Government of their Af-
ſaw, by .the next Spring, would be fairs; and Articles of Ceffatiori being
ready to overwhelm him, if he made
he made prepared for a Year, and peruſed,
not Proviſion accordingly. And find- and approv'd by the Lords Juſtices
ing, by Degrees, that it was not in and Council, without whoſe Advice
his power to compoſe the Diſturban- the Marquis would not proceed, and
ces of England, or to prevent thoſe all the principal Officers of the Army
of Scotland, and abhorring the Thought having given it under their Hands,
of introducing a Foreign Nation to being preſent likewiſe at the Treaty,
ſubdue his own Subjects, he begun to That it was moſt neceſſary for the Pres.
think of Expedients which might allay ſervation of that Kingdom, that a: Cef-
the Diſtempers in Ireland ; that ſo, Sation ſhould be made for a Year; and
having one of his Kingdoms in Peace, the Rebels undertaking to pay to his
he might apply the Power of that, to- Majeſty's Uſe, thirty thouſand and eight
wards the procuring it in his other hundred Pounds Sterling, within a
Dominions. He was not ignorant, Mort Time ; whereof fifteen thouſand
how tender an Argument that Buſineſs eight hundred Pounds in ready Money,
of Ireland was, and how prepard and the other fifteen thouſand Pounds,
Men were to pervert whatever he ſaid one half in Money, and the other balf
or did in it; and therefore reſolv'd to in good Beefs, at thirty Pounds. the
proceed with that Caution, that what- Score; a Ceſſation of Arms was con-
foever was done in it, ſhould be by cluded by the Marquis; and publiſh'd,
the Counſel of that State who were with Articles rnd Conditions, by the
underſtood to be moft ſkilful in thoſe Lords Juſtices and Council of Ireland,
Affairs.
to begin on the fifteenth Day of Sep-
The Lords Juſtices, and Council
; tember, and to continue for the Space
had ſent a ſhort Petition to his Ma- of a whole Year.
jeſty, which was preſented to them, This.Ceffation was no ſooner known
in the Name of his Catholicķ Subjects, in England, but the two Houſes de-
then in Arms againſt him ;. by which clar'd againſt it, with all the ſharp
they only deſired, with full Expreſ- Gloſſes upon it to his Mạjęſty's Dif-
fions of Duty, and Submiſſion to his honour that can be imagin?d; per-
Majeſty, That he would appoint ſome ſwading the People, That the Rebels
Perfons to hear what they could say for were now brought to their laſt Gafp,
themſelves; and to preſent the ſame to and reduced to fo terrible a Famine, that
bis Majeſty. Hereupon the King like Canibals, they eat one another,
authoriſed by his Commiſſion the. and muſt have been deſtroyed immediate-
Lord Marquis of Ormond, and ſome ly, and utterly rooted out, if, by the
others, to receive what they were popiſh Counſels at Court, the King had
ready to offer, but without the leaſt not been perfuaded to conſent to this
· Authority to conclude any Thing with 'Ceſſation. It is one of the Inſtances
them upon it. And after the Receipt of the ſtrange, fatal Miſunderſtand-
of this Commiſſion, the Marquis, ing, which poſſeſſed this Time, that
finding that this Petition was profecu- notwithſtanding all the Caution the
ted with leſs Ingenuity than it ſeem'd King uſed in medling at all with the
to have been .preſented, was ſo far Buſineſs of that Kingdom from the
from being indulgent to them under Time of the Rebellion, and the clear
that Notion, that he even then ad. Diſcovery of all particular Reaſons,
Grounds,
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
327
Grounds, and Counſels, when he a Number a3 might be ſafely ſpared,
found it neceſſary to interpoſe in it, to his own Aſſiſtance in England; to
the Calumnies and Slanders raiſed to which he was aſſured, that the Devo.
his Majeſties Diſſervice and Diſhonour, . tion, and Affection of moſt of the
made a more than ordinary Impreſſion principal or conſiderable Officers
upon the Minds of Men, and not on- there, chearfully inclined, and of this
ly of vulgar-ſpirited People, but of latter he made little Scruple to make
thoſe who reſiſted all other Infuſions Choice, when he was not only in-
and Infection. And Poſterity, no form’d of the Preparations and Readi-
queſtion, will enquire, 'from what 'neſs in Scotland, to invade this King-
Riſe: or Spring this Diſadvantage dom; but that they had called over
flow'd; to which Enquiry. I can apply their old General, the Earl of Leven,
no other Satisfaction, beſides the Dife who commanded the Scots Forces in
eaſe of the Time; which imputed all Ireland, and many other Officers and
Deſigns to Deſigns upon Religion, Soldiers out of that Kingdom, to
and whatſoever was done by Papifts, form and conduct their 'Army into
to the Zeal of the Queen on the Be. this; and that there were alſo Arts
half of her own Religion, than that and Induſtry uſed, by ſome Agents
the chief Managers and Conductors for the Parliament, to perfwade the
of their Counſels, found it : neceffar.y - Engliſh Officers likewiſe to bring over
to aver many Things of Fact upon their Men for their Service.
their own Knowledge (by which they So that the King directed the Mar-
found the Underſtanding of Men:lia- quis of Ormond, to make Choice of
ble to be captivated) which in truth ſuch Regiments and Troops, as were
were not fo: As I myſelf found by neceſſary for the Defence of the ſeve-
ſome ſober Men, .at ſuch Times as ral Garriſons, or as could be provid-
there was occaſion for Intercourſe edifor, and ſupported in that King-
and Conference with them, that they dom, and that the reſt ſhould be ſent
did, upon ſuch Affurance believe that for England, To which Purpoſe,
the King had done ſomewhat in that Shipping was ſent; with Direction
Buſineſs of Ireland (ſome having ia- that thoſe from, and about Dublin,
vow'd, that they had ſeen his Hand ſhould be fhipp'd for Cheſter; to be
to ſuch and ſuch Letters, and Inftrué- joynd to thoſe Forces under the Com-
tions) which,. upon as much Know- mand of the Lord Capel ; whereby
ledge, as any Man can morally have he might be able to reſiſt the growing
of a Negative, I am ſure he never Power of Sir William Bruerton ; who,
did.
by:an Addition of Forces from Lon-
The Diſtractions in Ireland being, don, and with the Aſſiſtance of Sir
hy means of the Ceffation, in ſome 'Thomas Middleton, and Sir John Gell,
Degree allayed, and both Parties hav- Was grown. very ſtrong; being backed
ing Time to breathe, the King, in by Lancaſhire, which upon the matter
the next Place, conſider'd how he was wholly reduced to the Obedience
might apply that Ceſſation to the Ad- of the Parliament : And that the o-
vancement of his Affairs in England. ther Forces out of Munfter ſhould be
One of the principal Motives that in- landed at Briſtol, to be diſpoſed by
duced that Ceffation, was the miſera. the Lord Hopion ; who was forming a
ble State of the Army there, ready; new Army, ro oppoſe Sir William
through extreme Wants, to diſband; Waller; who threaten'd an Inroad in-
ſo that there being now leſs uſe of to the Weſt.; or rather to ſeek him
them there, and an impoſſibility to out by viſiting Hampſhire, and Suſſex,
keep them, his Majeſty had it only if the other were not ready to ad-
in his Election, whether he ſhould. yance.
ſuffer them there to diſband, and diſ It had been very happy for the
poſe of themfelves as they thought fit, King, if the Winter had been ſpent
which could not be without infinite only in thoſe Counſels which might
Diſorder, and might probably prove have provided Money, and facilitated
as much to his particular Differvice; the making his Army ready to take
or whether he ſhould draw over ſuch the Field in the Spring; when he was
ſure
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1
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328
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ſure to have Occaſion enough to uſe found it neceffary to withdraw his
it; and to be in great Diſtreſs, if it Army, and with great part of it to
ſhould not be then in a Condition to
make hafte into York, to prevent any
march; but the Invaſion, which the farther Miſchief there ; by which
Scots made in the Depth of Winter, Means the Scots were at Liberty to
and the Courage the Enemy took advance as they pleaſed ; and Fairfax
from thence, deprived his Majeſty e- improv'd his Reputation by a ſpeedy,
ven of any Reſt in that Seaſon. Up- and unlook'd for March into Cheſhire.
on the Scots unexpected March into Upon the Ceſſation in Ireland, the
England in January, in a moſt vio- King made the Marquis of Ormond his
lent Froſt and Snow, hoping to reach Lieutenant of that Kingdom; and ap-
Newcaſtle before it could be fortified, pointed him to make uſe of the Win-
and perſwading their Common Sol- ter Seaſon (when the Parliament Ships
diers, that it would be deliver'd to could not attend that Coaft) to tranſ-
them as ſoon as required; thither the port choſe Regiments of Foot which
vigilant Sir Thomas Glemham had been might be well fpared during the Cef-
before ſent to attend their coming, fation, and which could not be fup-
and the Marquis of Newreſtle with his ported there to Cheſter; from whence
Army, upon the Fame of their Inva- his Majeſty could eaſily draw them in
fion, marched with a Reſolution to the Spring to Oxford ; and were, in
fight with them before they ſhould be truth, the principal Recruit, upon
able to joyn with the Engliſh Rebels; which he depended to enable him to
leaving in the mean Time the Com- take the Field. The Lord Byron then
mand of York, and the Forces for the commanded Cheſter, and that County;
Guard of that County, to Colonel and was appointed to take Care for
Jobn Bellafis, Son to the Lord Falcon- the Reception, and Accommodation
bridge, a Perſon of great Intereſt in of thoſe Troops ; which was a right
that Country, and of exemplary In- good Body of Foot, and being excel-
duſtry and Courage. By this Means, lent Men, both Officers and Soldiers,
and the Remove of the Marquis with carried great Terror with them from
his Army To fạr North, the Enemy the Time of their Landing; and
grew to a great Strength in thoſe quickly freed North Wales from the
Parts, and not only able to diſquiet Enemy; whọ at that Time begun to
Yorkſhire, but drawing a great Body have great Power there. It was to-
of Horſe and Foot out of Derbyſhire, wards the End of November when
'Staffordſhire, and Lincolnſhire, fat they landed, and being a People who
down before his Majeſty's Garriſon of had been uſed to little Eaſe in Ireland,
Newark upon Trent, with a full Con- the King having given the Lord By-
fidence to take it; and ſó to cut off all ron leavě to employ them in ſuch Ser-
Correſpondence between his Majeſty vices as might' ſecure that Country,
and the Marquis of Newcaſtle. And the Seaſon of the Year-made little
Sir Thomas Fairfax from Hull, in the Impreſſion on thern; they were always
Head of a ſtrong Party, had fallen ready, and deſirous of Action and
upon a Quarter not far from York, in the Space of a Month reduced, by
commanded by Colonel. John Bellafis Affault and Storm, many Places of
at Selby, and had totally defeated it, notable Importance, as Howarden-
taken the Cannon, and many Officers Caſtle, Beeſton-Caſtle, Crew-Houſe,
Priſoners, and amongſt thoſe the Co- and other Places of Strength; and en-
lonel himſelf. This was the firſt Ac- countering the whole Body of the Re-
tion for which Sir Thomas Fairfax was bels, at Middlewich in Cheſhire, broke
taken Notice of; who in a ſhort Time and defeated them with great Slaugh-
grew the ſupreme General under the ter; and drove all that ſurviv'd, and
Parliament. · The Defeat, which was were at Liberty, into Nantwich; the
great in itſelf, was made much great- ſingle Garriſon they had then left in ,
er by the terrible Apprehenſions the Cheſhire : Into which the whole
City of York had upon it; inſomuch Party was retired, and which had
that the Marquis of Newcaſtle, who been fortified and garriſoned from the
till then had kept the Scots at a Bay, Beginning of the Troubles, as the
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In
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Balears
The Battle
of
WANT WICH
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
329
1
only Refuge for the diſaffected in that fuſion to the King's Forces : · For Sir
County, and the Counties adjacent, Thomas Fairfax, upon his Victory at
The Pride of the late Succeſs, and the Selby, brought out of Yorkſhire a good
Terror the Soldiers believ'd their Body of Horfe to Manchefter ;, and;
Names carried with them, carried out of that Place, and the Neighbour
thein at this moſt unſeaſonable Time Places, drew near three thouſand Foor;
of the Year thither ; for it was about with which, joyning with Sir William
the firſt week in January when the Bruerton, and ſome other ſcatter'd
Lord Byron came with his Army be- Forces from Staffordſhire; and Derby,
fore the Town, and ſummon’d it
. It who had been routed at Middlewich
cannot be denied the reducing of that he advanced near Nantwich; - before
Place at that Time would have been he was look’d for; the Iriſh being ſo
of unſpeakable Importance to the over confident that he would not prei
King's Affairs, there being, between fume to attack them, that, itẶough
that and Carliſle, no one Town of they had Advertiſement of their Mo
Moment (Mancheſter only excepted) tion, they ſtill believ'd that his utmoſt
which declared againſt the King; and Deſign was by Alarms to force them
thoſe two populous Counties of Cheſter, to riſe from the Town, and then to re-
and Lancaſhire, if they had been uni. tire without fighting with them. This:
ted againſt the Parliament, would made them keep their Poſts too long;
have been a ſtrong Bulwark againſt and when they found it neceſſary to
the Scots.
draw off, a little River, which divided
Theſe Conſiderations, and an Opi- their Forces, on a ſudden thaw, lo
nion that the Town would yield as much ſwelled above its Banks, that the
ſoon as fummon’d, brought the Army Lord Byron with the greateſt Part of
firſt thither ; and then a paſſionate the; Horſe, and the Fooi which lay
Deſire of Honour, and Contempt of on one side of the Town, were ſeverd.
the Enemy within, or of any other from the reſt, and compelled to
who could undertake their Relief, .en- march four or five Miles, before he ,
gaged them to a farther Attempt ; could joyn with the other; before
and for they raiſed Batteries, and un-. which. Time the other Part, being
dertook a formal Siege againſt the charged by: Sir Thomas Fairfax on the
Town. The ſeventeenth Day of Ja- one side, and from the Town on the
nuary they made a general Affault other, were broken ; and all the chief.
upon five ſeveral Quarters of the Town, Officers forced to retire to a Church
ſomewhat before Day-break ,
but: call's Aston Church, where they were
were with equal Courage oppoſed from caught as in a Trap, and the Horſe,
within, -and near three hundred Men: by reaſon of the deep Ways with the
loft, or wounded in the Service; which ſudden thaw, and narrow. Lanes, and
ſhould have prevailed with them to great Hedges, not being able to re-
have quitted their Deſign. But thoſe lieve them, were compelled to yield
Repulſes ſharpen, rather than abate themſelves. Priſoners to thoſe whom
the Edge and Appetite to Danger ; they ſo much deſpiſed two Hours be-
and the Affailants, no leſs than the fore. There were taken,, beſides all.
Beſieged, deſiring an Army would the chief and conſiderable Officers of
come for their Relief, both with equal Foot, near fifteen hundred Soldiers,
Impatience long for the fame Thing; and all their Cannon and Carriages :
the Iriſh (for under that Name, for The Lord Byron with his Horſe, and
Diſtinction Sake, we call that Body of the reſt of his Foot, retiring to Cheſter.
Foot, though there was 'not an Iriſh There cannot be given a better, or it
Man amongſt them) ſuppoſing them. may be, another Reaſon for this De.
ſelves ſuperior to any that would en- feat, beſides the Providence of God;
counter them in the Field, and the which was the Effect, of the other,
Horſe being ſuch as might as reaſona- than the extreme Contempt and Dir..
bly undervalue thoſe who were to op- dain this Body had of the Enemy;
pore them.
and the Preſumption in their own
In this their Confidence, Supply Strength, Courage, and Conduct;
came too ſoon to the Town, and Con- which made them not enough think,
97-
I
.
$
4 O
and
330
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
apt to
and rely upon him who alone diſpoſes thouſand Pounds Sterling yearly.
of the Events of Battles : Though it When the King left London, he at-
muſt be acknowledged, moſt of the tended his Majelty to York, and reſi-
Officers were Perſons of ſignal Virtue, ded there with him till the Differen-
and Sobriety; and, in their own Na ces grew ſo high, that his Majeſty
tures, of great Modeſty and Piety; found it neceſſary to reſolve to raiſe an
ſo hard it is to ſuppreſs thoſe Motions, Army for his Defence. Then, on the
which Succeſs, Valour, and even the ſudden, without giving the King ma-
Conſcience of the Cauſe, is ap ny Days Notice of his Reſolution,
produce in Men not overmuch in- that Prince left the Court; and taking
clined to Preſumption.
the Opportunity of an ordinary Veffel,
About this Time the Councils at embark'd himſelf for Holland, to the
Weſtminſter loſt a principal Supporter, Wonder of all Men; who thought it
by the Death of 70. Pym; who died an unſeaſonable Declaration of his Fear,
with great Torment and Agony of a at leaſt of the Parliament, and his De-
Diſeaſe unuſual, and therefore the fire of being well eſteem’d by them,
more ſpoken of, Morbus Pediculoſus, when it was evident they eſteem'd not
as 'was reported; which render'd him the King as they ſhould. And this
an Object very loathſome to thoſe who was the more ſpoken of, when it was
had been moſt delighted with him. afterwards known that the Parliament
No Man had more to anſwer for the expeſſed a good Senſe of his having
Miſeries of the Kingdom, or had his deſerted the King, and imputed it to
Hand, or Head, deeper in their Con- his Conſcience, That he knew. of ſome
trivance. And yet, I believe, they ſuch Deſigns of bis Majeſty, as he could
grew much higher. even in his Life, not comply with. At this Time, after
than he deſign'd. He was a Man of many loud Diſcourſes of his coming
a private Quality and Condition of (which were deriv'd to Oxford, as
Life; his Education in the Office of ſomewhat that might have an Ipfiu-
the Exchequer, where he had been a ence upon his Majeſty's Counſels,
Clerk; and his Parts rather acquired there being then ſeveral Whiſpers of
by Induftry, than ſupplied by Nature, fome high Proceedings they intended
or adorn'd by Art. He had been againſt the King) he arriv'd at London,
well known in former Parliaments; and was receiv’d, with Ceremony;
and was one of thoſe few, who had lodged in White-Hall, and Order ta-
fat in many; the long Intermiſſion of ken for the Payment of that Penſion
Parliaments having worn out moſt of which had been formerly aſſign'd to
thoſe who had been acquainted with him by his Majeſty, and a particular
the Rules and Orders obſerv'd in thoſe Direction by both Houſes, That he
Conventions. During his Sickneſs, should be admitted to fit in the Aſembly
he was a very ſad Spectacle; but none of Divines; where, after he had taken
being admitted to him who had not the Covenant, he was contented to be
concurr'd with him, it is not known often preſent: Of all which the King
what his laſt Thoughts and Confide- took no other Notice, than ſometimes
rations were. He died towards the to expreſs, That he was forry on his
End of December, before the Scots en- Nephew's Behalf that he thought fit to
ter'd, and was buried with wonderful declare ſuch a Compliance.
Pomp and Magnificence, in that Place The Defeat of Colonel John Bellaſis
where the Bones of our Engliſh Kings at Selby, by. Sir Thomas Fairfax, and
and Princes are committed to their the Deſtruction of all the Iriſh Regi-
Reft.
ments under the Lord Byron, toge-
The Arrival of the Prince Elector ther with the Terror of the Scotch Ar-
at London was no leſs the Diſcourſe my, had fo let looſe all the King's
of all Tongues, than the Death of Enemies in the Northern Parts, which
Mr. Pym. He had been in England were lately at the King's Devotion,
before the Troubles, and was receiv'd that his Friends were in great Diſtreſs
and cheriſh'd by the King with great in all Places before the Seaſon was ripe
Demonſtration of Grace and Kindneſs, to take the Field. The Earl of Derby,
and ſupplied with a Penſion of twelve who had kept Lancaſhire in reaſonable
Sub-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 331
:
1
Subjection, and incloſed all the Ene was no Hope but from Shrewſbury and
mies of that County within the Town Chejter, where Prince Rupers had gi-
of Mancheſter, was no longer able to ven ſo much Life to thoſe Parts, and
continue that Reſtraint, but forced to drawn ſo conſiderable a Body toget
place himſelf at a farther Diſtance ther, that the Enemy found little Ad-
from them; which was like, in a ſhort vantage. by their lage Victory, in the.
Time, to encreaſe the Number of the Enlargement of their Quarters. His
Rebels there. Nesvark, a very necef- Highneſs then reſolv'd to try: what he
ſary Garriſon in the County of Not- could do for Newark, and undertook
tingham, which had not only ſubject- it before he was ready for it, and
ed that little County, the Town of thereby perform'd it. For the Ene-
Nottingham only exceptedy - which was my, who had always excellent Intel-
upon the matter confin'd within its ligence, was ſo confident that he had
own Walls, but had kept a great not a Strength ſufficient to attempt.
Part of the large County of Lincoln that Work, that he was within ſix
under Contribution, was now reduced Miles of thenī, before they believ'd;
to ſo great Streights by the Forces of he thought of them; and charging
that County, under the Command of and routing ſome of their Horſe, pur-
Meldrum a Scotch-Man, with Addi- ſued them with that Expedition, that
tion of others from Hull, that they he beſieged them in their own In-
were compelld to beg Relief from trenchment, with his Horſe, before
the King at Oxford; whilſt the Mar. his Foot came within four M. les. In
quis of Newcaſtle had enough to do to that Confternation, they concluding
keep the Scots at a Bay, and to put that be muſt have a vaſt Power and
York in a Condition to endure a Siege, Strength, to bring them, into thoſe
if he ſhould be forced to continue Streights, he, with a Number inferior
within thoſe Walls.
to the Enemys and utterly unaccom-
In theſe Streights, though it was modated for an Action of Time,
yet the Depth of Winter, and to pro- brought them to accept of Leave to
vide the better for the Security of depart, that is to diſband, without
Shrewſbury and Cheſter, and North their Arms, or any Carriage or Bag-
Wales, all which were terrified with gage. Thus he reliev'd Newark, and
the Defeat of the Lord Byron, the took above four thouſand Arms, cle-
King found it neceſſary to ſend Prince ven Pieces of Braſs Cannon, · two
Rupert, with a good Body of choſen Mortar Pieces, and above fifty Barrels
'Horſe, and Dragoons, and ſome of Powder; which was as unexpected
Foot, with Direction, after he had vi a Victory, as any. happen'd through
ſited Shrewſbury and Cheſter, and uſed out the War.
all poſſible Endeavours to make new As the Winter had been unſucceſs-
Levies, that he ſhould attempt the ful to the King, in the Diminution
Relief of Newark: Which, being and Loſs of thofe Forces, upon which
loft, would cut off all poſſible Com- he chiefly depended to ſuſtain the
munication between Oxford and York. “ Power of the Enemy the Year enſu-
In Newark, the Garriſon conſiſted ing; fo the Spring enter'd with 'no,
moſt of the Gentry of the County, better Prefage. When both Armies
and the Inhabitants, ill ſupplied with had enter'd into their Winter Quar:
any thing requiſite to a Siege, but ters, to refreſh themſelves after fo
Courage and excellent Affections. much Fatigue, the great Preparation
The Enemy entrenchd themſelves be. that was made at London, and the
fore the Town, and proceeded by Ap- Fame of ſending Sir William Waller
proach ; conceiving they had Time into the Weſt, put the King upon the
enough, and not apprehending it pof- Reſolution of having ſuch a Body in
ſible to be diſturb'd: And indeed it his Way, as might give him Inter-
was not eaſy for the King to find a ruption, without Prince Maurice's be-
Way for their Relief. To ſend a Bo- ing diſturb’d in his Siege of Plymouth;
dy from Oxford was very hazardous, which was not thought to be able to
and the Enemy ſo ſtrong, that they make long Reſiſtance. To this Pur-
would quickly follow; ļo that there poſe the Lord Hopton was appointed
to
1
mer
Horſe;
liam Ogle had likewiſe ſeized upon the
332 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to command an Army apart, to be Parts of Hampſhire, ſent privately to
levied out of the Garriſon of Briſtol, him, That if he would advance into
and thoſe Weſtern Counties adjacent their Country, they would undertake, in
newly reduced; where his Reputation a ſhort-Time, to make great Levies of
and Intereſt was very great; and by it Men förethe. Recruit of his Army; and
he had in a ſhort Time raiſed a pretty likewise to poſſeſs themſelves of ſuch
Body of Foot and Horſe; to which Placent as they Mould be able to defend;
receiving an Addition of two very bereby keep that Part of the Coun-
good Regiments (though not many in the King's Obedience.
Number) out of Munſter, under the dward Ford, a Gentleman of
Command of Sir Charles Vavafour oma Family, and fair Fortune in
and Sir John Pawlet, and a good Sujex, had then a Regiment of Horſe
Troop of Horſe under the Command in the Lord Hopton's Troops, and
the
of Captain Bridges, all which had King had made him high Sheriff of
been tranſported, according to former Suljes the Year, to the End that, if
Orders, out of Ireland to Briſtol, there were Occaſion, he might the
ſince the Ceſſation, that Lord advanc- better make Impreſſion upon that
ed to Saliſbury, and sortly after to County. He had with him, in his
Wincheſter; whithir John Berkly Regiment, many of the Gentlemen of
brought him twd ģiments more of that County of good Quality : And
Foot, raiſed by him in Devonſhire; ſo they all Seſought the Lord Hopton,
that he had in all at leaſt, three thou- That he would, ſince Waller was not
fand Foot, and about fifteen hundred like to advancé, at leaſt ſend fome Troops
and in ſo good a Poft as Win- into thoſe Parts, to give a little Coun-
cheſter was, would in a ſhort Time tenance to the Levies they ſhould be well
have grown to a conſiderable. Army; able to make; affuring him, That they
and was at preſent ſtrong enough to would, in the firſt Place, ſeize upon
have ſtopped, or attended Waller in Arundel Caſtle ; which, ſtanding near
his Weſtern Expedition; nor did he 'the. Sea, would yield great Advantage
expect to have found ſuch an Obſtrug to the King's Service, and keep that
tion in his Way. And therefore, rich Corner of the Country at his Ma-
when he was upon his March, and jeſty's Devotion. Theſe, and many
was inform'd of the Lord Hopton's other ſpecious Undertakings, diſpoſed
being at Wincheſter with ſuch a the Lord Hopton, who had an extraor-
Strength, he retired to Farnham, and dinary Appetite to engage Waller in a
quarter'd there, till he gave his Ma- Battle, upon old Accounts, to wiſh
fters an Account that he wanted other himſelf at Liberty to comply with
Supplies.
thoſe Gentlemen's Deſires. : 'Of all
It was a general Misfortune, and which he gave fuck an Account to the
Miſcomputation of that Time, that King, as made it appear, that he
the Party, in all Places, that wiſh'd liked the Deſign, and thought it prac-
well to the King (which conſiſted of ticable if he had an Addition of a
moſt of the Gentry in moſt Counties) Regiment or two of Foot, under good
had ſo good an Opinion of their own Officers; for that Quarter of Suſſex,
Reputation and Intereſt, that they be- which he meant to viſit, was a faſt
liev'd they were able, upon the Afift- and incloſed Country, and Arundel
ance of few Troops, to ſuppreſs their Caſtle had a Garriſon in it, though
Neighbours who were of the other not numerous, or well provided, as
Party, and who, upon the Advantage being without Apprehenſion of an
of the Power they were poffefs'd of, Enemy.
exerciſed their Authority over them It was about Chriſtmas, and the
with great Rigour, and Inſolence. King had no farther Deſign for the
And ſo the Lord Hopton was no ſooner Winter, than to keep Waller from
poffefs’d of Wincheſter, where Sir Wil- viſiting and diſturbing the Weſt; and
to recruit his Army to ſuch a Degree,
Caſtle for the King, and put it into a as to be able to take the Field early ;
tenable Condition, than the Gentle- which he knew the Rebels reſolv'd to
men of Sufcx, , and of the adjacent do: Yet the good Poſt the Lord
Hopton
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
333
1
1
Hopton was already poſſeſs’d of at Recruits, than his Letters had been
Wincheſter, and theſe poſitive Under- able to do.
takings from Suſſex, wrought. upon When the Lord Hoptan ſaw that he
many to think, that this opportunity could attempt no farther upon thoſe
ſhould not be loft. The King had Troops, and. was fully aftur'à that Sir
likewiſe great Aſſurance of the general William Waller was himſelf gone to
good Affections of the County of London, he concluded, that it was a
Kent; inſomuch as the People had good Time to comply with the Gen-
with Difficulty been reſtrain'd from tlemen of Suſſex ; and march'd thither
making ſome Attempt, upon the with ſuch a Body of Horſe and. Foot,
Confidence of their own Strength; as he thought competent for the Ser-
and if there could be ſuch a Founda. vice. The exceeding hard Froſt made
tion laid, that there might be a Conhis March more eaſy through thoſe
junction between that and Suſſex, it deep dirty Ways, than better Weather
might produce an Aſſociation little would have done ; and he came to
inferior to that of the Southern Coun- Arundel before there was any Imagi-
ties under the Earl of Mancheſter; and nation that he had that Place in his
might, by the Spring, be an Occaſion Proſpect. The Place in its Situation
of that Diſtraction to the Parliament, was ſtrong; and though the Fortifi.
that they would not well know to cations were not regular, but of the
what. Part to diſpoſe their Armies; old Faſhion, yet the Walls were good,
and the King might apply his own to and the Graff broad, and deep; and
that. Part and Purpoſe, as ſhould ſeem though the Garriſon was not nume-
moſt reaſonable to him.
rous enough to defend all the large
There, and other Reaſons prevail. Circuit againſt a powerful Army, yet
ing, the King gave the Lord Hopton. it was ſtrong enough, in all reſpects,
Order to proſecute his Deſign upon to have defied any ſudden Aſſault;
Suſſex, in luch Manner as he thought and might, without putting themſelves
fit; provided, that he was well af- to much Trouble, have been very ſe-
ſured, that Waller ſhould not make cure againſt the. Attempts of thoſe
Advantage, upon that'Enterprize, to without. Buc the Proviſions of Vic-
find the Way open to him to march tual, or Ammunition, was not ſuffi-
into the Weſt." And that he might cient to have endured any long Siege;
be the better able to proſecute the one, and the Officer who commanded, had
and to provide for the other, Sir Jacob not been accuſtom'd to the Proſpect of
Aſtley was likewiſe ſent to him from an Enemy. So upon an eaſy and ſhort
Reading, with a thouſand commanded Summons, that threaten'd his Obfti-
Men of that Garriſon, Wallingford, nacy with a very rigorous Chaſtife-
and Oxford; which Supply no ſooner ment, if he ſhould deter the giving it
arriv'd' at Wincheſter, but the Lord up; either from the Effect of his own
Hopton reſolv'd to viſit Waller's Quar- Fear, and Want of Courage, or from
ters, if it were poſſible to engage him; the good Inclinations of ſome of the
however that he might judge by the Soldiers, the Caſtle was ſurrender’d
Poſture he was in, whether he were the third Day, and appear'd to be a
like to purſue his purpoſe for the Place worth the keeping, and capable,
Weſt. Waller was then quarter'd at in a ſhort-Time, to be made fecure a-
Farnham, and the Villages adjacent, gainſt a good Ariny.
from whence he drew out his Men, The Lord Hopton, after he had
and faced the Enemy, as if he intend. ſtayed there five or ſix Days, and
ed to fight, but; after ſome light cauſed Proviſions of all Kinds to be
Skirmiſhes for a Day or two, in which brought in, committed the Command
he always receiv'd Loſs, he retir'd and Government thereof to Sir
himſelf into the Caſtle of Farnham, a Edward Ford, High Sheriff of the
Place of ſome Strength; and drew his County, with a Garriſon of above
Army into the Town; and within two hundred Men ;
three or four Days, went himſelf to good Officers', who deſired, or were
London, more effectually to follicit very willing, to ſtay there ;
98
Place
beſides many
as 2
4 P
334
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Then, they ap-
Place very favourable for the making knew not how far; ſo that there need
Levies of Men, which they all intend- ed no importunate Sollicitation to pro-
ed. And, it may be, the more re vide a Remedy againſt this growing
nain'd there, out of the Weariceſs Evil. The ordinary. Method they
and Fatigue of their 'late Marches, had uſed for recruiting their Armies
and that they might ſpend the Re- by Levies of Voluntiers, and perſwad-
mainder of the Winter with better ing the Apprentices of the City to
Accommodation.
become Soldieřs, upon the Privilege
The News of Sir William Waller's they gave them for their Freedom,
Return to Farnham with ſtrong Re. for the Time they fought for them,
cruits of Horſe and Foot, made it ne as iſ they had remain'd in their Mas
ceſſary to the Lord Hopton, to leave ſter's Service, was now too dull and
Arundel-Caſtle before he had put it lazy an Expedient to reſiſt this Tor-
into the good Poſture he intended. rent; they therefore reſort to their in-
And, without well conſidering the exhauſtible Magazine of Men, their
Mixture of the Men he left there, devoted City, to whoſe Affections the
whereof many were of Natures not Perſon of Sir William Waller was moſt
eaſy to be govern'd, nor like to con- acceptable; and perſwaded them im-
form themſelves to ſuch ſtrict Rules as mediately to cauſe two of their ſtrong-
the Condition of the Place required, eft Regiments of Auxiliaries, to march
or to uſe that Induſtry, as the Exi- out of the Line to Farnham ; which
gence, they were like to be in, made they conſented to.
neceſſary, the principal Thing he re- pointed the Earl of Eſſex to give his
commended and enjoyn'd to them Orders to Sir William Balfour, with
was, In the firſt Place, ſetting all other one thouſand of the Horſe of his Ars
Things aſide, to draw in ſtore of Pro- my, likewiſe to obſerve Waller's Com-
viſions of all kinds, both for the Nuin. mands; who, with this great Addi-
bers they were already, and for ſuch as tion of Forces, made haſte
to his other
would probably in a ſhort Time be added Troops at Farnbam ; where he ſcarce
to them; all which from the great reſted, but after he had inform'd him-
Plenty that Country then abounded ſelf how the Lord Hopton's Troops
in, was very eaſy to have been done. lay quarter'd, at too great a Diſtance
And if it had been done, that place from each other, he march'd accord-
would have remain'd long ſuch a ing to his Cuſtom in thoſe Occaſions
Thorn in the side of the Parliament, (as beating up of Quarters was his Ma-
as would have render'd it very uneaſy iter-piece) all the Night; and, by the
to them, at leaſt have interrupted the break of Day, encompaſs’d a great
Current of their Proſperity.
Village callidi Alton, where a Troop
Waller's Journey to London anſwer'd or two of Horſe, and a Regiment of
his Expectation; and his Preſence had foot of the King's lay in too much
an extraordinary Operation, to pro- Security, However, the Horſe took
cure any thing deſired. He reported the Alarm quickly, and for the moſt
the Lord Hopton's Forces to be much part, made their eſcape to Wincheſter,
greater than they were, that his own the head Quarter'; whither the Lord
might be made proportionable to en- Hopton was return’d but the Night
counter them; and the quick Progreſs before from Arundel. Colonel Boles,
that Lord had made in Suſſex, and who commanded his own Regiment
his taking Arundel-Caſtle, made them pf Foot there, conſiſting of about five
thought to be greater than he reported hundred Men, which had been drawn
them to be. His ſo eaſily poffefſing out of the Garriſon of Wallingford,
himſelf of a Place of that Strength, when he found himſelf encompaſsd by
which they ſuppoſe to have been im- the Enemies Army of Horſe and
pregnable, and in a County where Foot, ſaw he could not defend him-
the King had before no Footing, a felf, or make other Reſiſtance than by
waken'd all their Jealoufies and Ap- retiring with his Men into the Church,
prehenſions of the Affections of Kent, which he hoped to inaintain for ſo
and all other Places; and look'd like many Hours, that Relief might be ſent
a Land-flood, that might roll they to him; but he had not Time to bar-
ricados
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
335
T
ricadoe the doors; ſo that the Enemy er Time. Here the learned and eminent
enter'd almoſt as ſoon; and after a Mr. Chillingworth was taken Priſoner;
a ſhort Reſiſtance, in which many who out of Kindneſs and Reſpect to
were killed, the Soldiers, overpower'd, the Lord Hopton, had accompanied
threw down their Arms, and ask'd him in that March ; and, being in-
Quarter ; which was likewiſe offer'd to diſpoſed by the terrible Coldneſs of
the Colonel; who refuſed it, and va the Seaſon, choſe to repoſe himſelf in
liantly defended himſelf, till with the that Garriſon, till the Weather ſhould
Death of two or three of the Affail- mend. As ſoon as his Perſon was
ants, he was kill'd in the Place; his known, which would have drawn
Enemies giving him a Teſtimony. of Reverence from any noble Enemy,
great Courage and Reſolution.
the Clergy that attended that Army,
Waller knew well the Impreſſion proſecuted him with all the Inhuma-
the Loſs of this very good Regiment nity imaginable; ſo that, by their
would make upon the Lord Hopton's cruel and barbarous Uſage, he died
Forces, and that the Report which the within few Days; to the Grief of all
Troops of Horſe which had eſcaped that knew him, and of many who
would make, would add nothing of knew him not but by his Book, and
Courage to their fellows; ſo that the Reputation he had with learned
there was no Probability that they Men,
would make Haſte to advance; and The Lord Hopton ſuſtain'd the Loſs
therefore, with great celerity, the of that Regiment with extraordinary
hard Froſt continuing, he march'd Trouble of Mind, and as a Wound
with all his Army to Arundel-Caſtle, that would bleed inward; and there-
where he found that Garriſon as un fore was the more inflamed with De-
provided as he could wiſh. For in- fire of a Battle with Waller, to make
ſtead of encreaſing the Magazine of even all Account; and made what
Victual by Supplies from the Country, haſte he could, upon the firſt Adver-
they had ſpent much of that Store tiſement, to have redeem'd that Mis-
which the Lord Hopton had provided. fortune ; and hoped to have come
The Governor was a Man of Honeſty Time enough to relieve Arundel-Ca-
and Courage, but unacquainted with tle; which he never ſuſpected would
that Affair, having no other Experi- fo tamely have given themſelves up:
ence in War, than what he had learned But that Hope quickly vaniſhid, upon
ſince theſe Troubles. The Officers the undoubted Intelligence of that Sur-
were many without Command, a render, and the News that Waller was
mongſt whom one Colonel Bamford, return’d with a full Reſolution to pro-
an Iriſh-man though he called himſelf* ſecute his Deſign upon the Weſt :
Bamfield was one ; who, being a Man To which, beſides the Encouragement
of Wit and Parts, applied all his Fa- of his two late Succeſſes, with which
culties to improve the Faction, to he was marvellouſly elated, he was in
which they were all naturally inclined, ſome Degree neceſſitated, out of Ap-
with a hope to make himſelf Gover- prehenſion that the Horſe which be-
nour. In this Diſtraction Waller found long'd to the Earl of Elex's Army,
them, and by ſome of the Soldiers might be ſpeedily recalled ; and the
running out to him, he found Means Time would be quickly expired, that
again to ſend to them, by which he he had promiſed the auxiliary Regi-
ſo increaſed their Faction and Anic ménts of London to diſmiſs them.
moſity againſt one anotheir, that after Upon the News the King receiv'd
he had kept them waking, with con of the great Supply the Parliament
tinual Alarıns, three or four Days, had ſo ſuddenly fent to Waller, both
near half the Men being ſick, and froin the Earl of Eſſex his Army, and
unable to do Duty, rather than they from the City; ke thought it neceſſary
would truſt cach other longer, they to ſend ſuch an Addition of Foot as
gave the place and themſelves up as he could draw out of Oxford, and the
Priſoners of War upon quarter; the Neighbour Garriſons. And the Earl
Place being able to have defended itſelf of Brentford, General of the Army,
againſt all that Power, for a much long- who had a faſt Friendſhip with the
Lord
336
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
one
Lord Hopton, expreſſing a good In- that was proper for him; and Sir
clination to make him a viſit, rather Arthur Haſerig's Regiment of Cuiraſ-
than to fit ſtill in his Winter Quarters, ſiers, callid the Lobſters, were ſo for-
his Majeſty was very willing he Thould, midable, that the King's naked and
and cheriſhed that' Diſpoſition, being unarm’d Troops, among which few
deſirous that ſo great an Officer might were better arm'd than with Swords,
be preſent in an Army, upon which could not bear their Impreſſion.
ſo much of his Hopes depended ; and The King's Horſe never behaved
which did not abound with Officers of themſelves ſo ill, as that Day. For
great Experience. So the General, the main Body of them, after they:
with ſuch Voluntiers as were ready to had ſuſtained
fierce. Charge,
accompany him, went to Wincheſter; wheeled about to an unreaſonable Di-
where he found the Lord Hopton in ſtance ; and left their principal Offi-
trouble for the Loſs of the Regiment cers to ſhift for themſelves. The Foot
of Foot at Alton, and with the unex behaved themſelves very gallantly,
pected Aſſurance of the giving up of and had not only the better of the
Arundel-Caſtle. He was exceedingly other Foot, but bore two or three
reviv'd with the Preſence of the Ge- Charges from the Horſe with notable
neral, and deſired to receive his Or- Courage, and without being broken ;
ders, and that he would take upon whilſt thòſe Horſe which ſtood uponi
him the abſolute Cominand of the 'the Field, and ſhould have affifted
Troops ; which he as poſitively refu. them, could be perſwaded but to ſtand.
fed to do; only offered to keep him When the Evening drew near, for the
Company in all Expeditions, and to Approach whereof neither Party was
give him the beſt Affiſtance he was forry, the Lord Hopton thought it ne-
able; which the Lord Hopton was com- ceſſary to leave the Field; and draw:
pellid to be contented with ; nor could ing off his Men, and carrying with
there be a greater Union and Conſent him many of the wounded, he retired
between two Friends : The General with all his Cannon and Ammunition,
being ready to give his Advice upon whereof he loft none, that Night to
all Particulars ; and the other doing Reading : The Enemy being ſo ſcat-
nothing without Communication with ter’d, that they had no mind to pur-
him, and then conforming to his O- fue; only Waller himſelf made haſte
pinion, and giving Orders according to Wincheſter, where he thought, up-
ly.
pon this Succeſs, to have been imme-
As ſoon as they were inform'd that diately admitted into that Caſtle ;
Waller had drawn all his Troops toge- .which was his own Inheritance. Buc
ther about Farnbam, and meant to found that too well defended; and ſo
march towards them, they cheerfully return'd with taking Revenge upon
embraced the Occaſion, and went to the City, by plundering it with all
meet him ; and about Alresford, near the Infolence and Rapine imaginable.
the Midway between Wincheſter and There could not then be any other
Farnham, they came to know how Eſtimate made of the Lofs Waller
near they were to each other; and ſuſtain'd, than by the not purſuing
being in View, choſe the Ground on the viſible Advantage he had, and by
which they meant the Battle Ahould be the utter Refuſal of the. auxiliary
fought; of which Waller, being firſt Regiments of London and Kent, to
there, got the Advantage for the march farther; who, within three or
drawing up his Horſe. The King's four Days, left him, and return’d to
Army conſiſted of about five thouſand their Habitations; with great Lamen-
Foot, and three thouſand Horſe; and tation of their Frien 's who were miſ-
Waller with Sir William Balfour ex- ſing. On the King's Side, beſides
ceeded in Horſe; but they were, upon Common Men, and many good Offi-
the matter, equal in Foot; with this cers, there fell that Day, the Lord
only Advantage, that both his Horſe Jobn Stuart, Brother to the Duke of
and Foot were, as they were always, Richmond, and General of the Horſe
much better arm’d; no Man wanting of that Army; and Sir John Smith,
any Weapon offenſive, or defenſive, Brother to the Lord Carrington, and
Com-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
337
1
1
Commiſſary General of the Horſe. Newark; hoping ſtill that his High-
They were both brought off the Field neſs would be able to diſpatch that
by the few Horſe that ſtay'd with Service in Lancaſhire, and with the
them, and did their Duty ; carried to more notable Recruits of Men in thoſe
Reading, and the next Day to Abing- Parts, be able to return to Oxford by
don, that they might be nearer to the the Time that it would be neceſſary
Afiſtance of the beſt Remedies by for his Majeſty to take the Field.
Phyſicians and Surgeons. But they But within a ſhort Time, he was dif-
liv’d only to the ſecond dreſſing of appointed of that Expectation ; for be-
their Wounds; which were very ma fore the Prince could finiſh his Expe-
ny upon both of them.
dition into Lancaſhire (which he did
This Battle was fought the 29th Day with wonderful Gallantry; raiſed the
of Märch: Which was a very dole. Siege at Latham with a great Execu-
ful entring into the Beginning of the tion upon the Enemy; and took two
Year 1644, and broke all the Mea or three of their Garriſons obſtinately
ſures, and alter'd the whole Scheme defended ; and therefore with the
of the King's Counfels : For where- greater Slaughter) the Marquis of
as before, he hoped to have enter'd Newcaſtle was compelled to retire,
the Field carly, and to have acted an with his whole Army, within the
offenſive Part; he now diſcern'd, he Walls of York. He had been well
was wholly to be upon the defenſive; able to have defended himſelf againſt
and that was like to be a very hard the numerous Army of the Scots, and
Part too. For he found, within very would have been glad to have been
few Days after, that he was not only engaged with them, but he found he
depriv'd of the Men he had loſt at had a worſe Enemy to deal with, as
Alresford, but that he was not to ex will
appear.
pect any Recruit of his Army by a From the Time that the ruling Par-
Conjunction with Prince Rupert ; ty of the Parliament diſcernd that
who, he believ'd, would have re- their General, the Earl, of Elex,
turn'd, in Time, after his' great Suc- would never ſerve their curn, or com-
ceſs at Newark, with a ſtrong Body of ply with all their Deſires, theyrte-
Hurfe and Foot, from Shropſhire, folv'd to have another Army apart,
Cheſhire; and North-Wales : All that ſhould be more at their Devotion;
which Hopes were ſoon blaſted ; for in the forming whereof, they would
the Prince had ſcarce put the Garriſon be ſure to chooſe ſuch Officers, as
of Newark in order, and provided it would probably not only obſerve their
to endure another Attack, which they Orders, but have the ſame Inclinations
might have reaſonably expected upon with them. Their Pretence was, That
his Highneſs's Departure, when he there were ſo many diſaffected Perſons
was earneſtly preſs'd from the Earl of of the Nobility, and principal Gentry,
Derby, to come into Lancaſhire to re in the Counties of Norfolk and Suffolk,
lieve him, who was already beſieged that, if great Care was not taken to
in his own ſtroug Houſe at Latham, prevent it, there might a Body Start' up
by a great Body, with whom he was there for the King ; which, upon the
not able to contend. · And, to diſpofe Succeſs of the Marquis of Newcaſtle,
the Prince the more willingly to un- whoſe Arms then reach'd into Lincoln-
dertake his Relief, the Earl, made ſhire, might grow very formideble.
ample Promiſes, That within so many For Prevention whereof, they had
Days after the Siege should be raiſed, form’d an Affociation between Elex,
with any Defeat to the Enemy, he would Cambridgſhire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Bed-
advance bis Highneſs's Levies with two furd, and Huntington; in all which
thouſand Men, and ſupply him with a they had many Perſons of whoſe en-
conſiderable Sum of Money. And the tire Affections they were well aſſured;
Earl had likewiſe, by an Expreſs, and; in moſt of them, there were few
made the fame Inſtance to the King at conſiderable Perſons who will’d them
Oxford; from whence his Majeſty fent ill. Of this Affociation they made
his Permiſſion, and Approbation to the Earl of Mancheſter General, to be
the Prince, before his Departure from ſubject only to their own Commands,
99
and
!
4 Q
338
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
..
and independent upon the Earl of Ef- Upon receipt of this Letter, the King
sex. Under him, they choſe Oliver ſent Orders to Prir.ce Rupert, that,
Gromwel to command their Horſe; as ſoon as he bad reliev'd the Lord
and many other Officers, who never Derby, and recruited, and refreſh'd
intended to be ſubject again to the his Men, he ſhould inarch, with what
King, and avow'd other Principles in Expedition he could, to relieve York;
Conſcience and Religion, than had where being joyn’d with the Marquis of
been before publickly declared. Newcaſtle's Army, there was Hope
To this General they gave Order, they might fighi the Enemy : And his
to reſide within that Aſociation ; and to Majeſty would put himſelf into as
make Levies of Men, Sufficient to keep good a Poſture as he could to take the
thofe Counties in Obedience : For at Field, wirhout expecting the Prince.
firſt they pretended no more. But, All theſe ill Accidents falling out
in the ſecret Treaty made by Sir ſucceſſively in the Winter, the King's
Harry Vane with the Scots, they were. Condition appear’d very fad; and the
bound, as ſoon as the Scots ſhould en-' Queen being now with Child, it
ter into Yorkſhire with their Army, wrought upon her Majeſty's Mind ve-
that a Body of Engliſh Horſe, Foot, ry much ; and diſpoſed her to ſo ma-
and Cannon, ſhould be ready to affiftny Fears and Apprehenſions of her
them, commanded by their own Safety, that ſhe was very uneaſy to
Officers, as a Body apart : The Scots herſelf. She heard every Day of the
not then truſting their own great great Forces raiſed, and in a Readi-
Numbers, as equal to fight with the neſs, by the Parliament, much great-
Engliſh. And from that Time they er than they yet ever had been; which
were much more careful to raiſe, and
was very true; and, That they reſolu’d,
liberally ſupply, and provide for that as ſoon as the Seaſon was ripe, to march
Army under the Earl of Mancheſter, all to Oxford. She could not endure
than for the other under the Earl of to think of being beſieged ; and, in
Eſex. And now, according to their Concluſion, reſolvd not to ſtay there,
Agreement, upon the Scots firſt En- but to go into the Weſt; from whence,
trance into Yorkſhire, the Earl of in any Diſtreſs, ſhe might be able to
Mancheſter had likewiſe. Order to embark for France. Though there
march with his whole Body thicher; ſeem'd Reafons enough to diffwade
having, for the moſt part, a Com- her from that Inclination, and his
mittee of the Parliament, whereof Sir Majeſty heartily wilh'd that ſhe could
Harry Vane was one, with him ; as be diverted; yet the Perplexity of her
there was another Committee of the Mind was ſo great, and her Fears fo
Scotiſh Parliament always in that Ar. vehement, both improv'd by her In-
my; there being alſo now a Commit- diſpoſition of Health, that all Civility
tee of both Kingdoms reſiding at Lone and Reaſon obliged every body to
don, for the carrying on the War. ſubmit. So, about the beginning of
The Marquis of Newcaſtle being April, he begun ker Journey from
thus preſſed on both Sides, was ne- Oxford to the Weſt; and by moderate
ceſſitated to draw all his Army of Journies, came to Exeter ; where ſhe
Foot and Cannon into York, with intended to ſtay, till ſhe was deli-
ſome Troops of Horſe ; and ſent the ver’d; for ſhe wasʻwithin little more
Body of his Horſe, under the Cont than one Month of her Time; and,
mand of Colonel Goring, to remain being in a Place out of the Reach of
in thoſe Places he ſhould find moſt any Alarm, ſhe recover'd her Spirits
convenient, and from whence he to a Reaſonable Convaleſcence.
might beft infeſt the Enemy. . Then It was now about the middle of
he ſent an Expreſs to the King to in- ' April, when it concern'd the King
form him of the Condition he was in; with all poſible Sagacity, to foreſee
and to let him know; That he doubted what probably the Parliament meant
not to defend himſelf in that. Poft, for to attempt with thoſe vaft Numbers
the Term of fix Weeks, or two Months; of Men which they every Day levied;
in which Time, he hoped, his Majeſty and thereupon to conclude, what it
would find some May to relisze hist. would be poſſible for his Majeſty to
$
do,
T
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
339
:
do, in choſe Exigencies to which he caſion, they would mount their Servants
was like to be reduced. The Intelli- lipon their forſes, to make a good Troop
gence, that I aller was fill deſign d for a ſudden Service; which they made
for the Weſtern Expedition, made good ; and thereby, that Summer,
the King appoint his whole Army to perform'd two or three very conſide-
be drawn together to a Rendezvous at rable and important Actions.
Marlborough; where himſelf was pre By this Time there was reaſon to
fent, and, to his great Satisfaction, believe, by all the Intelligence that
found the Body to conſiſt, after all could be procured, and by the Change
the Loires and Miſadventures, of no of his Quarters, that Waller had laid
leſs than ſix thouſand Foot, and above - aſide his Weſtern March; at leaſt that
four thouſand Horſe. There that it was ſuſpended; and that, on the
Bɔdy remain’d for ſome Weeks to contrary, all Endeavours were uſed to
watch, and attend Waller's Motion, recruit both his, and the Earl of ES-
and to fight with him as ſoon as was ſex's Army with all poſſible Expedi-
poſſible. Many Things were there tion; and that neither of them ſhould
conſulted for the future; and the move upon any Action, till they
quitting Reading, and ſome other ſhould be both compleat in greater
Garriſons, propoſed, for the encreaf- Numbers, than either of them had
ing the Field Forces : Yet nothing yet marched with. Hereupon, the
was poſitively reſolv'd, but to expect King's Army remov'd from Marlbo-
arer Evidence what the Parliament rough to Newbury ; where they re-
Armies would diſpoſe themſelves to main’d a Month, that they might be
do.
in a Readineſs to attend the Motion
So the King return'd to Oxford, of the Enemy, to aſſiſt the Garriſons
where, upon the Deſire of the Mem- of Reading, or Wallingford;, or to
bers of Parliament who had been cal. draw out either, as there ſhould be
led thither, and done all the Service Occaſion.
they could for the King, they were
There had been ſeveral Delibera-
for the preſent diſmiſſed, that they tions in the Council of War, and al-
might in their ſeveral Counties, fasisfy ways very different Opinions, what
the People of the King's importunate ſhould be done with the Garriſons
Deſire of Peace, but how infolently it when the King ſhould take the Field;
had been rejected by the Parliament; and the King himſelf was irreſolute
and thereupon induce them to contri. upon thoſe Debates, what to do. He
bue all they could to his Majeſty's Af- communicated the ſeveral Reafons to
ſiſtance. They were to meet there Prince Rupert by Letters, requiring his
again in the Month of October follow- Advice; who, after he had return'd
ing.
Anſwers, and receiv'd Replies, made a
Then, that his Majeſty miglit draw haſty Journey to Oxford from Cheſter,
moſt of the Soldiers of that Garriſon to wait upon his Majeſty. And it was
with him out of Oxford, when he then poſitively reſolv'd, That the Gar-
Should take the Field, that City was riſons of Oxford, Wallingford, Abing-
perſwaded to compleat the Regiment don, Reading, and Banbury, ſhould be
they had begun to form, under the reinforced, and ſtrengthen'd with all the
Command of a Colonel whom the Foot; that a good Body of Horſe Mould
King had recommended to theni; be ſent into the Weſt to Prince Maurice.
which they did raiſe to the Number of If this Counſel had been purſued ſtea-
a thouſand Men. There were like- dily and reſolutely, it might proba -
wiſe two other Regiments raiſed of bly have been attended with good
Gentlemen and their Servants, and of Succeſs : Bot Armies of the Enemy
the Scholars of the ſeveral Colleges and would have been puzled what to have
Halls of the Univerſity ; all which done, and either of them would have
Regiments did their Duty there punc- been unwilling to have engaged in a
tually, from the Time that the King Siege againſt any Place ſo well pro-
went into the Field, till he return'd vided,, and reſolv'd; and it would
again to Oxford ; and all the Lords have been equally uncounſellable to
declared, Thet upon any emergent Oc- have march'] to any Diſtance, and
1
have
340
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
T
have left ſuch an Enemy at their decayed in his Parts, and, with the
B.ické, that could ſo eaſily and quick- long continued Cuſtom of immoderate
ly have united, and incommoded any drinking, dozed in his Underſtanding,
March they could have made.
which had been never quick and vigo-
But as it was even impoffible to have rous; he having been always illiterate
adminiſter'd ſuch Advice to the King, to the greateſt Degree that can be ima-
in the Streight he was in, which being gined. He was now become very
purſued might not have prov'd incon- deaf, yet often pretended not to have
venient, ſo it was the unhappy Tem- heard what he did not then contra-
per of thèſe who were called to thoſe dict, and thought fit afterwards to dif-
Councils, that Reſolutions, taken up- claim. He was a Man of few Words,
on full Debate, was ſeldom proſecuted and of great Complyance, and uſually
with equal Reſolution and Steadineſs; deliver'd that as his Opinion, which
but changed upon. new, ſhorter De- he foreſaw would be grateful to the
bates, and upon Objections which had King.
been anſwer'd before : Some Men Wilmot was 'a Man of haughty and
being in their Nature irreſolute and ambitious Nature, of a plealant Wit,
inconſtant, and full of Objections, e- and an ill Underſtanding, as never
ven after all was determined according conſidering above one Thing at cnce;
to their own Propoſals; others being but he conſidered that one Thing ſo
poſitive, and not to be alter'd from impatiently, that he would not ad-
what they had once declared, how un- mit any Thing elſe to be worthy any
reaſonable ſoever, or what Alterations Conſideration. He had, from the
ſoever there were in the Affairs.' And Beginning of the War, been very
the King himſelf frequently conſider'd averſe to any Advice of the Privy
more the Perſon who ſpoke, as he was Council, and thought fit that the
in his Grace, or his. Prejudice, than King's Affairs (which depended upon
the Counſel itſelf that was given ; and 'the Succefs of the War) ſhould en-
always ſuſpected, at leaſt truſted leſs tirely be governed and conducted by
to his own Judgment than he ought to the Soldiers, and Men of War; and
have done ; which' rarely deceiv'd thar no other Counſellors ſhould have
him ſo much as that of other Men. any Credit with his Majeſty. Whilſt
The Perſons with whom he only Prince Rupert was preſent, his ex-
conſulted in his martial Affairs, and ceeding great Prejudice, or rather
how to carry on the War, were (be- perſonal Animoſity againſt him, made
fides Prince Rupert, who was at this any Thing that-Wilmot ſaid or pro-
Time abſent) the General, who was poſed, enough fighted and contra-
made Earl of Brentford; the Lord dicted ; and the King himſelf, upon
Wilmot, who was made General of ſome former Account and Obferva-
the Horſe ; the Lord Hopton, who tion, was far from any Indulgence to
uſually commanded an Army apart, his Perſon,, or Eſteem of his Parts.
and was not often with the King's Ar- But now, by the Prince's Abſence,
my, but now preſent; Sir Jacob Aſtley, and his being the ſecond Man in the
who was Major General of the King's Army, and the Contempt he had of
Army; the Lord Digby, who was Se- the old General, who was there the
cretary of State; and Sir John Colepep. only Officer above him, he grew
per Maſter of the Rolls; for none of marvellouſly elated, and lopk'd upon
the Privy Council, thoſe two only ex himſelf as one whoſe Advice ought to
cepted, were called to thoſe Conſulta- be follow'd, and ſubmitted to in all
tions; though ſome of them were ſtill Things. He had, by his exceſſive
adviſed with, for the better Execution, good Fellowſhip (in every Part where-
or Proſecution, of what was then and of he excelled, and was grateful to a
al
there reſolv'd.
the Company) made himſelf ſo popu-
The General, though he had been, lar with all the Officers of the Ariny,
without doubt, a very good Officer, eſpecially of the Horſe, that he had,
and had great Experience, and was in truth, a very great Intereſt; which
ſtill a Man of unqneſtionable Courage he deſired might appear to the King,
and Integrity; yet he was now much that he might have the more Intereſt
A
i:
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
341
in him. He was poſitive in all his The two Privy Counſellors, though
Advices in Council, and bore Contra- they were of the moſt different Na-
diction very impatiently; and becauſe tures and Conſtitutions that can be
he was contradicted by the two Privy- imagin’d, always agree'd in their Opi-
Counſellors, the Secretary, and the nions; and being, in their Parts,
Maſter of the Rolls, why, he faw, much ſuperior to the other, uſually
had the greateſt Influence upon the prevaild upon the King's Judgment
King, he uſed all the Artifices he to like what they approv'd : Yet:
could to render them unacceptable one of them, who had in thoſe Caſes
and ſuſpected to the Officers of the the Aſcendent over the other, had
Army, by telling them; what they that Exceſs of Fancy, that he too of-
had ſaid in Council; which he thought ten, upon his own recollecting and
would render them the more ungrate- revolving the Grounds of the Reſolu-
ful; and, in the Times of Jollity, tions which had been taken, or upon
perſwaded the old General to believe the Suggeſtions of other Men, chang-
that they ihvaded his Prerogative, ged his own Mind; and thereupon
and meddled more in the Buſineſs of cauſed Orders to be alter’d, which
the War, than they ought to do ; produc’d, or were thought to pro-
and thereby made him the leſs diſpo- duce, many Inconveniencies.
ſed to concur with them in Advice, This Uniteadineſs in Counſels, and
how rational and ſeaſonable ſoever it in Matters reſolv'd upon, made the
was; which often
put the King to the former Determination concerning the
Trouble of converting him.
Garriſons, to be little conſider’d. The
The Lord Hopion was á Man ſupe- King's Army had lain above three
rior to any Temptation, and abhorr'd' Weeksat, and about Newbury; in which
enough the Licenſe, and the Levities, Time their Numbers were nothing
with which he ſaw too many corrupt- improv'd, beyond what they had been
ed. He had a good Underſtanding, upon their Mufter near Marlborough,
a clear Courage, an Induſtry not to when the King was prefent.' When
be tired, and a Generoſity that was it was known that both the Parliament
not to be exhauſted ; a Virtue that Armies were marched out of London
none of the reſt had : But in the De- that under Eſſex to Windfor; and that
bates concerning the War, was longer of Waller, to the Parts between Hert-
in reſolving, and more apt to change ford-Bridge, and Baſing, without any
his Mind after he had reſolv'd, than Purpoſe of going farther Weſt; the
is agreeable to the Office of a Com- King's Army march'd to Reading ;
mander in chief; which render'd him and in three Days, his Majeſty being
rather fit for the ſecond, than for the preſent, they ſighted and demoliſhed
ſupreme Command in an Army. all the Works of that Garriſon: And
Sir Jacob Atley was
an honeſt, then which was about the Middle of
brave, plain Man, and as fit for the May, with the Addition of thoſe Sol-
Office he exerciſed, of Major General diers, which increaſed the Army five
of the Foot, as Chriſtendom yielded; and twenty hundred old Soldiers more,
and was ſo generally eſteem'd; very very well Officer'd, the Army retired
diſcerning and prompt in giving Or to the Quarters about Oxford, with an
ders, as the Occaſion required, and Opinion, that it would be in their
moſt chearful, and preſent in any Power to Fight with one of the Ene-
Action. In Council he uſed few, but my's Armies; which they longed ex-
very pertinent Words; and was not ceedingly to do.
ai all pleaſed with the long Speeches The King return'd to Oxford, and
uſually made there; and which rather reſolv’d to ſtay there till he could have
confounded, than inform’d their Un- better Information what the Enemy
derſtanding : So that'he rather col- intended; which was not now ſo eaſy
lected the Ends of their Debates, and as it had formerly been. For, ſince
what he was himſelf to do, than en the Conjunction with the Scottiſh Con-
larged them by his own Diſcourſes ; miſſioner: in one Council, for the car-
though he forbore not to deliver his rying on the War, lictle Buſineſs was
own Mind,
brought to be conſulted in either of
the
3
100
4 R
1
1
34
The Hiflory of the Rebellion
'
was,
the Houſes; and there was nruch fore they could not do with Conve.
greater Secrecy than before ; few or
nience or Security. Nor did they ever
none being admitted into any kind of after join in one Body, bur kept at a
Truſt, but they whole Affections were fit Diſtance, to be able, if there were
known to concur to the moſt defpe- Occaſion, to help each other.
rate Counſels.
So that the Deſigns The Earl of Elex's Army conſiſted
were ftill entirely form’d, before any of all his old Troops, which had
Part of them were communicated to wintered about Sc. Albans, and in Bed-
the Earl of Elex; nor was more com- fordſhire ; and being now increaſed
municated at a Time than was neceſ- with four Regiments of the Trained-
fary for the preſent Execution ; of bands, and Auxiliaries within the
which he was ſenſible enough, but City of London, did not amount to leſs
could not help it.
The Intention than ten Thouſand Horſe and Foot.
That the two Armies, which Waller had likewiſe received" a large
march'd out together, ſhould afterwards Recruit from London, Kent, änd suf-
be diſtinct, and mould only keep together, ſex, and was little inferior in Numbers
till it appeard what Courſe the King to Eſex, and in Reputation above him.
meant to take, and if he ſtayed in Ox- When the King's Army retired from
ford, it would be fit for both to be in the Reading, the Horſe quartered about
Siege ; the Circumvallation being very Wantage, and Farringdon, and all
great, and to be divided in many Pla- the Foot were put into Abingdon, with
ces by the River ; which would keep a Reſolution to quit, or defend that in
both Armies ſtill aſunder under their Town, according to the Manner of
ſeveral Oficers. But if the King the Enemies Advance towards it; that
march'd out, which they might rea is, if they came upon the Eaſt-fide,
fonably preſume he would, then the where, beſides fome indifferent Forti-
Purpoſe was, That the Earl of Efex fications, they had the Advantage of
ſhould follow the King, wherever be the River, they would maintain and
went; which, they imagin'd would defend it ; if they came on the Weſt-
be Northward ; and that Waller fide from Wantage and Farringdon,
jould march into the Weſt, and ſubdue they would draw out and fight, if the
that. So that, having ſo ſubſtantially Enemy were not by much ſuperior in
provided for the North, by the Scots, Number; and, in that caſe, they
and the Earl of Mancheſter, and hav would retire with the whole Army to
ing an Army under the Earl of Eeſſex, Oxford.
much ſuperior in Number to any the Being ſatisfied with this Reſolution,
King could be attended with ; ant they lay in that quiet Poſture, with-
the third, under Waller, at Liberty out making the leaſt Impreſſion upon
for the Weſt, they promiſed them- the Enemy, by beating up his Quar-
felves, and too reaſonably, that they ters, which might eaſily have been
ſhould make an End of the War that done, or reſtraining them from mak-
Summer.
ing Incurſions where they had a Mind;
It was about the Tenth of May, that all which was imputed to the ill Hu-
the Earl of Eſſex and Sir William Wal- mour, and Negligence of Wilmot. The
ler marched out of London with both · Earl of Eſſex advanced with his Army
their Armies; and the very next Day towards Abingdon ; and upon the Eaft-
after the King's Army had quitted part of the Town, which was that
Reading, the Earlof Eljex, froin Wind. which they had hoped for, in order
for, fent Forces to poſſeſs it; and re to their defending it. But they were
commended it to the City of London, no ſooner advertiſed of it, but the
to provide Men, and all other Things General, early the next Morning,
neceſſary for the keeping it, which marched with all the foot out of
the Memory of what they had ſuffered Abingdon, the Horſe being come thi-
for the two paſt Years, by being ther in the Night, to make good the
without it, eaſily diſpoſed them to do. Retreat ; and all this was done before
By this Means, the Earl had the Op- his Majeſty had the leaſt. Notice, or
portunity to join with IValler's Army Suſpicion of it. As ſoon as his Majeſty
when he ſhould think fit; which be was informed of it by . Sir Charles
Blunt,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
343
him ;
1
;
Blunt, the Scout-maſter General, whom We deſire you, that you will do your
the General had ſent to acquaint the Endeavour to inform your ſelf of the
King with the Reſolution, he ſent Sir ſame; end if you think that his Majeſty
Charles Blunt back to the General, to intends at all to come to the Armies, that
let him know the great Dinike he had you acquaint us with the ſame, and do.
of their Purpoſe to quit the Town, nothing therein, until the Houſes ſhall
and to command him to ſtay, and not give Directions.
to advance till his Majeſty came to
which he made all poſſible So much Jealouſy they had of the
Hafte to do. But before the Meſ. Earl, and the more, becauſe they ſaw
ſenger could return, the Army was not elſe what the King could do, who
within Sight of Oxford; and fo the could not entertain any reaſonable Ex-
Foot was drawn through the City, pectation of Increaſe, or Addition of
and the Horſe quartered in the Villages Force from the North, or from the
about the Town.
Weſt ; Prince Rupert being then in
Abingdon was in this Manner, and to his March into Lancaſhire, for the Rem
the King's infinite Trouble quitted, lief of the Earl of Derby (beſieged in
whither a Party of Elex's Army came his Caſtle of Latham) and Prince
the ſame Night ; and the next Day, Maurice being ſtill engaged in the un-
himſelf with all his Foot entered the fortunate Siege of -Lyme in Dorfetſbire,
Town his Horſe being quartered a little Fiſher Town; which, after he
about it. He then called. Waller to had lain before it a Month, was much
bring up
his Army near him, that he more like to hold out, than it was
might reſolve in what Manner to pro- the firſt Day he came before it. In
ceed; and he had his Head-quarters this Perplexity, the King ſent the
at Wantage; and ſo, without theftrik Lord Hopton to Briſtol, to provide
ing one Blow, they got the Poffeffion better for the Security of that im-
of Reading, Abingdon, and were Ma- portant City, where he knew Waller.
ſters of all Berkſhire, and forced the had many Friends ; and himſelf re-
King to draw his whole Army of ſolved yet to ſtay at Oxford, till he
Horſe and Foot on the North-ſide of ſaw how the two Armies would dif-
Oxford, where they were to feed on poſe themſelves, that when they were
his own Quarters, and to conſider how. To divided, that they could not pre-
to keep Oxford itſelf from being be- fently join, he might fight with one
ſieged, and the King from being in- of them, which was the greateſt Hope
cloſed in it.
he had now left.
This was the deplorable Condition It was very happy that the two
to which the King was reduced before Armies lay ſo long quiet near each
the End of the Month of May, info- other, without preſſing the Advan-
much that it was generally reported at tages they had, or improving the Con-
London, That Oxford was taken, and fuſion and Diſtraction which the King's
the King a Priſoners and others more Forces were, at that Time, too much
confidently gave it out, That his Ma- inclined to. Orders were given ſo to
jeſty reſolved to come to London ; of quarter the King's Army, that it might
which the Parliament was not without keep the Rebels from paſſing over ci-
ſome Apprehenſion, though not ſo ther of the Rivers, Cherwel or Iſis,
much, as of the King's putting him, which run on the Eaſt and Weſt Sides
ſelf into the Hands of the Earl of El- of the City; the Foot being, for the
ſex, and into his Protection, which moſt Part, quartered towards the Cher-
they could not endure to think of; wel, and the Horſe with ſome Dra-
and this troubled them ſo much, that goons, near the iſis.
the Committee of both Kinguonis, In this poſture all the Armies lay
who conducted the War, wric this quiet, and without Action, for the ,
Letter to their General,
Space of a Day, which ſomewhat com.
poſed the Minds of thoſe within 0;-
My Lord,
ford, and of the Troops without,
We are credibly informed, that his which had not yet recovered their
Majeſty intends to come for London. Dinlike of their having quitted Asing-
don,
.
344
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
don, and thereby of being ſo ſtreighten Sir Jacob Atley undertook the Com-
ed in their Quarters. Some of War mand himſelf at Goſworth Bridge,
ler's Forces attempted to paſs the Ifis' where he perceiv'd the Earl intended
at Newbridge, but were repulſed by to force his Paffage ; and preſently
the King's Dragoons. But the next caſt up Breaft-works, and made a Re-
Day Eſex, with his whole Army, got doubt for the Defence of his Men,
over the Thames at Sanford Ferry, and and repulſed the Enemy, the ſecond
marched to Iſlip, where he made his Time, very much to their Damage
Quarters, and, in his Way, made a and Loſs; who renew'd their Affauit
Halt upon Bullington-Green, that the two or three Days together, and plant-
City might take a full View of his Ar- ed Cannon to facilitate their Pallage,
my, and he of it. In order to which, which did little Hurt; but they still
himſelf, with a ſmall Party of Horſe, loft many Men in the Attempt. On
came within Cannon Shot, and little the other side, Waller's Forces from
Parties of Horſe came very near the Abingdon did not find the new Bridge
Ports, and had light Skirmiſhes with fo well defended ; but overpowering
ſome of the King's Horſe, withoutany thoſe Guards, and having got Boats,
great Hurt on either Side.
in which they put over their Men,
The next Morning, a ſtrong Party both above and below, they got that
of the Earl's Army endeavoured to Paſſage over the River Iſis: By which
paſs over the Cherwel at Goſworth they might have brought over all their
Bridge, but were repulſed by the Muf- Army, and fallen upon the King's
queteers with very conſiderable Loſs; Rear, whilft he was defending the o-
and ſo retired to their Body. And ther Side.
.
now the Earl, being engaged, with his It was now high Time for the King
whole Army, on the Eait-ſide of the to provide for his own Security, and
River Cherwel, whereby he was dif to eſcape the Danger he was in, of
abled to give or receive any ſpeedy being ſhut up in. Oxford. Waller loft
Aliſtance to, or from Waller, the no Time, but the next Day paſſed
King reſolved to attempt the repoffef- over five thouſand Horſe and Foot,
ſing himſelf of Abingdon, and to take by Newbridge: the Van whereof
the Opportunity to fight with Waller' quarter'd at Enſam, and, the King's
ſingly, before he could be relieved Foot being drawn off from Goſworth-
from the other Army. In order to Bride, Eſſex immediately brought his
this, all the Foot were in the Evening Men over the Cherwel; and quarter?d
drawn off from the Guard of the Paffes, that Night at Blechingdon ; many of
and marched through Oxford in the his Horſe advancing to Woodſtock; fo
Night towards Abingdon ;, and the that the King ſeem'd to them to be
Earl of Cleveland, a Man of ſignal perfectly ſhut in between them; and
Courage, and an excellent Officer up to his own People, his Condition
on any bold Enterprize, advanced, ſeem'd ſo deſperate, that one of thoſe
with a Party of one hundred and fifty with whom he uſed to adviſe in his
Horſe, to the Town itſelf; where moſt ſecret Affairs,-and whoſe Fide-
there were a thouſand Foot, and four lity was never ſuſpected, propoſed to
hundred Horſe.of Waller's Army; and him to render himſelf, upon Condi-
enter'd the fame, and killed many, tions, to the Earl of Eſex; which
and took ſome Priſoners : But upon his Majeſty rejected with great Indig.
the Alarm, he was ſo overpower'd; nation; yệt had the Goodneſs to con-
that his Priſoners eſcaped, though he ceal the Name of the Propoſer; and
killed the chief Commander, and ſaid, That poſibly he might be found in
made his Retreat good, with the Loſs the Hands of the Earl of Efex, but he
only of two Officers, and as many would be dead firſt. Word was given,
Common Soldiers ; and ſo, both the For all the Horſe to be together, at fuck
Attempt upon Abingdon was given an Hour, to expect Orders: and a gooil
over, and the Deſign of fighting Wal- Body of Foot with Cannon, march'd
ler laid aſide; and the Army return'd through the Town towards Abingdor;
again to their old Poſt, on the North by which, it was concluded, that both
Side of Oxford
Armies would be anuſed, and it aller
indu:cd
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
3 45
1
!
9
induced to draw back over Newbridge: through Oxford, as if they meant to
And as ſoon as it was Evening, the go to Abingdon, to continue that A-
Foot and Cannon; return’d to their muſement which the Day before had
old Poft on the North Side:
prevaild with Waller, to ſend many
The King reſolv'd, for the Encou of his Men back, and to delay his
ragement of the Lords of the Council, own Advance; and likewiſe, that
and the Perſons of Quality who were Quarters might be provided for them
in Oxford, to leave his Son. the Duke. againſt their Return; which they did
of York there ; and promiſed, if they by Noon. The Earl of Ejjex had tha
ſhould be beſieged, To do all he could Morning, from Blechingdon, ſent ſome
to relieve them, before they ſhould be re- Horſe to take a View of Oxford, and
duced to Extremity. He appointed to learn what was doing there. And
then, That two thouſand and five bun- they ſeeing the Colours ſtanding, as
dred choice Muſqueteers ſhould be drawn they had done two Days before, made
from the whole Foot, under the Com- him conclude, that the King was ſtill
mand of Sir Jacob Aſtley, and four there, and as much in his Power as
experienced Colonels; all which should ever. Waller had earlier Intelligence
without Colours, repair to the Place of his Majeſty's Motion, and ſent å
where the Horſe attended to receive Or- good Body of Horſe to follow him,
ders, and that the reſt of ihe Foot ſhould and to retard his March, till he could
remain together on the North-fide, and come up : And his Horſe made fuch
so be applied to the Defence of Oxford, Hafte, that they found in Burford
if it hould be beſieged.
ſome of the fraggling Soldiers, who
All Things being in Order, on out of Wearinels, or for Love of
Monday the third of June, about nine Drink, had ſtay'd behind their Fel-
of the Clock at Night, the King, lows. The Earl of Eſſex follow'd
with the Prince, and thofe Lords, likewiſe with his Army, and quarter'a
and others who were appointed to at- at Chippen-Norton; and Waller's Horſe
tend him, and many others of Quality were as far as · Broadway, when the
who were not appointed, and only King had reachi'd Eveham; where he
thought themſelves leſs fecure if they intended to reſt, as in a ſecure Place;
ſhould ſtay behind, march'd out of the though his Garriſon.at Tewkeſbury had
North Port, attended by his own been, the Night before, ſurprized by
Troop, to the Place where the Horſe, a ſtrong Party from Gloceſter ; the
and conímanded Foot, waited to re- chief Officers being killed, and the
ceive them; and from thence, with- reſt taken Priſoners; moſt of the
out àny Halt, march'd between the Common Soldiers making their E-
two Armies, and by break of Day ſcape, and coming to Evesham. But,
were ai Hanborougb, fome Miles be- upon Intelligence that both Armies
yond all their Quarters
. But the King follow'd by ſtrong Marches, and it
reſted not till the Afternoon, when he being poſſible that they might get
found himſelf at Burford; and then over the River Avon about Stratford,
.concluded that he was in no Danger or ſome other Place, and ſo get be-
to be overtaken by any Army that was tween the King and Iorceſter, his
to follow with Baggage, and Train of Majeſty changed his Purpoſe of ſtay-
Artillery : So that he was content tó ing at Evenom, and preſently march'd
refreſh hiš Men there, and ſupp'd to Iorceſter; having given Order for
himſelf; yet was not without Appre- the breaking of the Bridge at Par.
henſion that he might be follow'd by Shore; which was, unwarily, ſo near
a Pɔdy of the Enemies Horſe; and done before all the Troops were
therefore, about nine of the Clock he paſs'd, that, by the ſudden falling of
continued his March from Burford an Arch, Major Bridges, of the
over the Cotſwold, and by Mid-night Princes Regiment, a Man of good!
reach'd Burton upon the Water; where Courage and Conduct, with two or
he gave himſelf, and his wearied three other Officers of Horſe, and a
Troops, more Reſt and Refreſhment. bout twenty Common Men, fell un-
The Morning after the King left fortunately into the Ar01, and were
Oxford, the Foot march'd again drown'd.
4 S
The,
IOI
349
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
The Earl of Eſſex, when he found lution, and continued his March for
the King was got full two Days March the Weſt.
before him, and that it was impoſſible
When Waller found there was no
To to overtake him, 'as to bring him Remedy, he obey'd his Orders with
into their Power, reſolv'd to purſue much Diligence and Vigour; and pro-
him no farther, but to conſult what ſecuted his March towards Worceſter,
was elſe to be done; and, to that where his Majeſty then was; and, in
Purpoſe, called a Council of all the his Way, perſwaded, rather than for-
principal Officers of both Armies, to ced, the Garriſon of Sudely Caſtle,
attend him at Burford; where it was the ſtrong Houſe of the Lord Chandois,
reſolv'd, That Waller, who had the to deliver up that place to him. The
lighter Ordnance, and the leſs Car- Lord of that Caſte was a young Man
riages, ſhould have ſuch an Addition of of Spirit and Courage; and had, for
Forces, as Maſſey, the Governor of two Years, ſerv'd the King very
Gloceſter, ſhould be able to furniſh him bravely in the Head of a Regiment of
with; and so should purfue and follow Horſe, which himſelf had raiſed at
the King, whereſoever he ſhould go; and his own Charge; but had lately, out
that the Earl of Effex, who had the of a pure Wearineſs of the Fatigue,
greater Ordnance, and the heavier and having ſpent moſt of his Money,
Carriages, should proſecute the other and without any Diminution of his
Deſign of relieving Lyme, and redu- Affection, left the King, under Pre-
cing the Weſt to the Obedience of the tence of Travel; but making London
Parliament.
his Way, he gave himſelf up to the
Waller oppoſed this Reſolution all Pleaſures of that Place; which he en-
he could; and urged ſome Order, joy'd without conſidering the Illue of
and Determination of the Committee the War, or ſhewing any Inclination
of both Kingdoms in the Point; and, to the Parliament; nor did he, in
any
That the Weſt was allignid to him, as Degree, contribute to the Delivery of
bis Province, when the two Armies his Houſe; which was at firſt ima-
should think fit to ſever from each other. . gined, becauſe it was ſo ill, or not at
However, Eſex gave him poſitive all, defended. It was under the Go-
Orders, as his General, to march ac vernment of Sir William Morton, a
cording to the Advice of the Council of Gentleman of the long Robe; who,
War; which he durft not diſobey, in the Beginning of the War, caſt off
but fent grievous Complaints to the his Gown, as many other gallant Men
Parliament, of the Uſage he was for- of that Profeſſion of the Law did, and
ced to ſubmit to, And they at Weft- ſery'd as Lieutenant Colonel in the
minſter were ſo incenſed againſt the Regiment of Horſe under the Lord
Earl of Eſſex, that they wric a very Chandois ; and had given fo frequent
angry and imperious Letter to him, Teſtimony of ſignal Courage in ſeveral
in which they reproach'd him, for not Actions, in which he had receiv'd
fubinitting to the Directions which they many Wounds, both by Piſtol and
had given; and requir'd him, To the Sword, that his Mettle was never
follow their former Dire&tions, and to ſuſpected, and his Fidelity as little
ſuffer Waller to attend the Service of the queſtion'd: And after many Years
Weft.' Which Letter was brought to of Impriſonment, ſuſtained with great
him before he had march'd above two Firmneſs and Conftancy, he livd to
Days weſtward. "But the Earl chofe receive the Reward of his Merit, after
rather to anſwer their Letter, than to the Return of the King; who made
obey their Orders; and writ to them, him firſt a Serjeant at Law, and after-
That their Directions had been contrary ward's a Judge of the King's Bench;
to the Diſcipline of War, and to and diſcharged the Office with much
Reaſon ; and that, if he would now Gravity and Learning He was un-
return, it would be a great Encou fortunate, though without Fault, in
qirgement to the Enemy in all Places; the giving up that Caſtle in ſo unſea-
and ſubſcribed his Letter, Your fonable a Conjuncture; which was
innocent, though ſuſpected Servant, done by the Faction and Artifice of
Effex; and then proſecuted his Reſo- an Officer within, who had found
Means
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
347
Means to go out to Weller, and to with ſuch a Handful of Foot, and
acquaint him with the great Wants of without Cannon, propoſe reaſonably
the Garriſon; which indeed had not to fight a Battle ; And he had too
plenty of any Thing: And ſo, by many good Reaſons againſt going to
the Mutiny of the Soldiers, it was either of thoſe Places, or to thoſe
given up; and the Governor made Parts, which Waller conceiv'd him
Priſoner, and ſent to the Tower; inclin'd to; and his Majeſty might
where he remain'd fome Years after well aſſume the Complaint and Ex-
the End of the War. From whence preſſion of King David, That be was
Walter with great Expedition, hunted as a Partridge upon the Moun-
march'd to Eveſham, where the evil tains; and knew not whither to reſort,
Inhabitants receiv'd him willingly ; or to what Place to repair for Reſt.
and had, as ſoon as the King left them, In this Perplexity, it look'd like
repair'd their Bridge over the Avon, the Bounty of Providence, that Waller
to facilitate , his coming to them ; was advanced ſo far : Upon which
which he could not elſe ſo ſoon have the King took a ſudden Reſolution,
done.
to return with all Expedition to Wor-
The King reſted ſome Days at Wor- ceſter,, and to make Haſte to Eveſham;
ceſter, whereby he very much refreſh- where having broke the Bridge, and
ed his Troops, which were there ſpa- fo left the River Avon at his Back, hę
red from doing Duty, and likewiſe, might be able, by quick Marches,
by the Loyalty of that good Town, to joyn with that Part of the Army,
and the Affection of the Gentry of which he had left at Oxford; and
that County, who retired thither for might thereby be in a Condition to
their Security, he procured both Shoes fight with Waller, and to proſecute
and Stockings, and Money for his any other Deſign. Upon this good
Soldiers; and then, upon good Infor- Reſolution, Care was taken for all the
mation that Waller was march'd out Beats to come both from Bridgenorth,
of Eveſhan with his whole Army to and Worceſter, that the Foot might,
wards Worceſter, which he would pro- with the more Speed and Eaſe, be
bably beſiege, the King reſolvid not carried thither ; åll which ſucceeded
to be found there; and therefore, to Wiſh. Inſomuch, that the next
having left that City well provided, Day, being embark'd early in the
and in good Heart, his Majeſty re- Morning, the Foot arriv'd ſo ſoon at
mov'd with his little Army to Bewd- Worceſter, that they might very well
ley, that he might keep the River Se have marchd that Night to Evehem,
vern between him and the Enemy; but that many ofthe Horſe, which were
the Foot being quarter'd together at quarter'd beyond Bewdley, towards
Bewdley, and the Horſe by the side of Bridgenorth, could not poſſibly march
the River towards Bridgenorth. The at that rate, nor come foon enough; fo
Poſture in which the King was, made that it was neceſſary that both Horſe
Waller conclude that his Majeſty in- and Foot ſhould remain that. Night
tended his Courſe to Shrewſbury, and together at Worceſter ; which they
to the more Northern Parts. And it did accordingly.
is true, that, without any ſuch Reſo-
The next Morning the King found
lution, Orders were ſent to Shrewſbury, no Cau.e to alter any
Thing in his for-
Bridgnorth, Ludlow, and other Gar-
mer Reſolution; and receiv'd good
riſons, That they ſhould make all poſſible Intelligence, thai Waller, without
Proviſions of Corn, and other Victual; knowing any thing of his Motion, re-
schich they ſhould cauſe, in great Quan- main'd ſtill in his old Quarters ;
tities, to be brought thither ; which whereupon hè march'd very faſt to
confirm’d Waller in his former Con- Eveſham; nor would he ſtay there;
jecture, and made him advance with but gave Order for the Horſe and
his Army beyond the King, that he Foot, without Delay, to march
might be nearer Shrewſbury than he. through it; after he had provided for
But, God knows, the King was with- the breaking down the Bridge, and
out any other Defign than to avoid the made the Inabitants of the Town pay
Enemy; with whoin he could not, two hundred Pounds; for their Ala-
crity
348
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
'crity in the Reception of Waller; and had a mind, or did endeavour to de
likewiſe compelled them to deliver a cline fighting with his Majeſty.
thouſand Pair of Shocs for the Uſe of In the ſhort Time the King had
the Soldiers; which, without long been abſent, the Garriſon at Oxford
Pauſe, they ſubmitted to, and per was not idle. When the King in the
form’d. Then the Army march'd Spring had prepared for the Field,
that Night to Broadway, where they and in order thereunto had' drawn out
quarter'd; and very early the next the Garriſon at Reading, it was thought
Morning, they mounted the Hills to no Purpoſe to keep leſſer Garriſons,
near Camden ; and there they had at a leſs Diſtance from Oxford; and
Time to breathe, and to look with thereupon the Garriſon at Boſtal-
Pleaſure on the Places they had paſſed Houſe, reputed a ſtrong Place, upon
through ; having now left Waller, the Edge of Oxfordſhire and Bucking-
and the ill Ways he muſt paſs, far e- hamſhire, was appointed to demoliſh
nough behind; for even in that Seaſon the Works and Fortifications, and to
of the Year, the Ways in that Vale retire, and joyn with the Army :
were very deep.
Which was no ſooner done, but the
Now the King ſent Colonel Field- Garriſon at Ayleſbury, that had felt
ing, and left he Thould miſcarry (for the Effects of the others ill Neigh-
both from Gloceſter, Tewkeſbury, and bourhood, poffeffed the Place, and
Sudely-Caſtle, the Enemy had many put a Garriſon into it; which after
Scouts abroad) two or three other the King had left Oxford, and both
Meſſengers, to the Lords of the Coun- the Armies of Elex and Waller, were
cil at Oxford, to let them know of gone from before it, gave little leſs
his happy Return; and that he meant Trouble to that, City, and obſtructed
to quarter that Night at Burford; and the Proviſions which ſhould come thi-
the next at Whitney ; where he did ther, almoſt as much as one of the
expect, that all his Foot, with their Armies had done.
This brought
Colours and Cannon, would meet great Complaints and Clamour from
him; which, with unſpeakable Joy, the Country, and from the Town, to
they did. So that, on Thurſday the twen- the Lords of the Council ; and was
tieth of June, which was within ſeven- ever made an Excuſe for their not
teen Days after he had left Oxford in complying with the Commands they
that diſconfolate Condition, the King ſent out, for Labourers to work upon
found himſelf in the Head of his Ar- the Fortifications; which was the
my, from which he had been ſo ſe. principal Work in hand; or for any
ver’d, after ſo many Accidents and other Service of the Town. When
melancholick Perplexities, to which both Armies were drawn off to ſuch a
Majeſty has been ſeldom expoſed. Diſtance in following the King, that
Nor can all the Circumſtances of that there ſeem'd for the preſent no rea-
Peregrination be too particularly, and ſonable Apprehenſion of being beſieg-
punctually ſet down. For as they ad- ed, the Lords conſider'd of a Remedy
ininiſter'd much Delight after they tº apply to this Evil from Boſtel
were paſſed, and gave them great Houſe; and receiving Encouragemene
Argument of acknowledging God's from Colonel Gage, who offer'd to
good Providence in the Prefervation undertake the reducing vịt, they ap-
of the King, and, in a mannner, pointed a Party of commanded Men
ſnatching him as a Brand out of the of the Foot, which the King had left
Fire, redeeming him out of the Hands there, with three Pieces of Cannon,
of the Rebels ; ſo it cannot be un- and a Troop of Horſe of the Town,
grateful, or without ſome Pleaſure to to obey his Orders, who, by the break
Poſterity, to ſee the moſt exact Rela- of Diy, appear'd before the Place ;
tion of an Action fo full of Danger in and in a ſhore Time, with little Ri-
all Reſpects, and of an Eſcape 10 re. fiſtance, got Poffefion of the Church,
markable. And now the King thought and the Out-Houſes, and then batter'd
himſelf in a Pofture not only to abide the Houſe itſelf with his Cannon;
Waller, if he approach'd towards him, which they within would not long en-
but to follow and find him out, if he dure; but deſir'd a Parley. Upon
which
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 349
which the Houſe was renderd, with térity; and, to make Way for him,
the Ammunition; one Piece of Ord: Sir Anthony Abley Cooper had been,
nance; which was all they had ; and the Year before, removed from that
much good Proviſion of Victual';' and Charge ; and was thereby ſo much
had Liberty given them to go away diſobliged, that he quitted the King's
with their Arms; and Horſes; very Party, and gave himſelf up, Body and
eafy Conditions for ſo ſtrong a Poſt; Soul, to the Service of the Parliament,
which was obtain'd with the Loſs of with an implacable Animoſity.againſt
one Inferior Officer, and two or three the Royal Intereſt. The Colonel had
Common Men. Here the Colonel been intent upon other Things, and
Jeft a Garriſon, that did not only de- not enough follicitous to finiſh the
fend Oxford from thoſe miſchievous Fortifications, which were not ſtrong
Incurſions, but did very near ſupport enough to defy an Army, yet too
itſelf,, by the Contribution it drew ſtrong to be deliver'd upon the Ap;
from Bucking bamſhire, beſides the Prey proach of one. I ſhall ſay the leſs of
ir frequently took from the very this Matter, becauſe the Governor af-
Neighbourhood of Ayleſbury. terwards preſſed to have the whole ex:
The Earl of Eſex, by flow and eaſy amin'd before a Council of War,
Marches, and without any Oppoſition where he produced a: Warrant, under
or Trouble, enter'd into Dörfetſhire.; the Hand of Prince Maurice, That,
and by the great Civility, and Affabi- the Town' being untenable, be mould,
lity: towards all Men; and the very upon the Advance of the Earl of Eflex,
good Diſcipline in his Army, wrought put 2 ſufficient Strength' into Portland
very much upon the People. Inſo. Caſtle, and retire 'thither; which he
much that his Forces rather encreaſed had done; and was, by the Council
than diminiſh'd ;, which had, during of War, abfolv'd from any Crime,
his being before Oxford, been much Yet, the Truth is, however abſolvºd,
leffend, not only by the Numbers he loft Reputation by it;' and was
which were killd and hurt, but by thought to have left the Town too
the ruining away of many, whilſt the foon, though he meant to have tė
fharp: Encounters continued at "Gofu furn'd again, after he had viſited
worth' Bridge. It can hardly be ima- Portland. But in the mean Time the
ſind, how great, a: Difference there Townſmen mutiny'd, and ſent to the
the 'Humour; Diſpoſition, and Earl of Eſex when he was ' near the
Manner of the Army under Elex, Town; whereupon he came thither,
and the other under Waller, in their which otherwiſe he would not have
Huinánity towards the People; and done; and gave the Garriſon leave
conſequently, in the Reception they to march with their Arms' to Prince
found among theft'; , the Demeanour Maurice ; and ſo became Maſter of
and Carriage of thoſe under Waller Weymouth; and leaving Men énough
being much more ungentlemanly, out of the Country to defend it, with
and bárbarous, than that of the other : out any Delay, he proſecuted his
Beſides that the People in all Places, March to Lyme'; from whence Prince,
verë notwithour fome Affection, and Maurice, upon the News of the Loſs
event Reverence towards the Earl, who, of Weymouth, had retired with Häfte
as well upon his own Account, as the enough towards Exeter, with a' Body
Memory of his. Father, had been al- of full five and twenty hundred Foot,
and eighteen hundred Horſe :,' After
When he came to Blanford, he had, he had put a Garifon of five hundred
a great mind to make himſelf Maſter. Men into Wareham, and with ſome
of Weymourb, if he could compafs it Loſs of Reputation, for having laid to
without engaging his Army before it; long with ſuch a Strength before fa
which, he reſolvd not to do ; however, vile and unteņáble Place, without re-
it wa's litcle-out. of his Way' to 'pals ducing it.
near it. Colonel Aſkbårnbam, then As foon as the King had jöýnd his
Governor of: Weymouth, was made Army at Whitney, which now confifto
choice of for that Command, upon ed of full five thoufand and five hun.
che Opinion of his Coutage and Dex- dred Foot; and very rear foùt thou-
fand
was
102
4 T
330
The Hiſtory of ibe Rebellion
fand Horſe, with a convenient Train as if he knew that this IVay of proceeds
of Arcillery, he reſolv'd no longer to ing would be very much approv'd of by
live upon his own Quarters, which the Army. This extravagant Motion,
had been too much waſted by Friends with all the
Circumſtances of it, trou.
and Enemies; but to viſit the Enemy's bled the King very much ; yet he
Country; and fo the next Day, he thought not fit abſolutely to reject it
marchd towards Buckinghan ; where left it might promote that Petition,
he would ſtay and expect Waller (of which he knew. was framing among
whoſe Motion he yet heard nothing) the Officers; but wiſhed them, Thai
and from whence, if he appear'd not, ſuch a Melage should be prepared, and
his Majeſty might enter into the aſſo: then that the would communicate both
ciated Counties, and ſo proceed that, and whet concern!d his March to
Northward, if upon Intelligence from Wards. Londong to the Lords of, the
thenee, he found it reaſonable. Whilft Council at Oxford; that in to weighiy
the King ſtaid at Buckingham, and an Affair be might receive their Counſel
thought himſelf now in a good Cone To that Purpoſe the Lord Digby, and
dition to fight with the Enemy (his the Maſter of the Rolls, were ſent ta
Troops every Day bringing in Score Oxford; who, after two Days, re-
of Proviſions, and, being now in 4 turn’d without any Approbation of the
Country where they were not expect. March, of the Meſſage by the Lords
éd, nãęt with many Cart-loads of But all thaç Intrigue fell of itſelf, upon
Wine, Grocery, and Tobacco, which the fure Intelligence, That Waller
were paſſing, as in ſecure Roads, from bad left Worceſterſhire, and marched,
London to Coventry, and Werwick; all with what (peed be could, to find his
which were very welcome to Bucking- Majeſty; which gave new Argument
bam) a new and unexpected Trouble of Debate.
fell upon him by the ill Humour and When the King had ſo dexterouſly
Faction in his own Army. Wilmot deceived, and elyded him by his.quick
continued ſtill fullen and perverſe, and Marches to and from Warceſter, Wal;
every Day grew more inſolent; and ler, who had not tímély. Information
had contracted fuch an Animoſity a- of it, and leſs ſuſpected it, thought it
gainſt the Lord Pigby, and the Ma: not to the Purpoſe to tire his Army
iter of the Roļls that he perſwaded with long Marches in hope to over-
many of the Officers of the Army, e- take him ; buç firſt ſhewid it at all
fpecially of the Horſe, where he was the Walls of Worceſter; to terrify that
moſt entirely obey'd, to joyn in a City, which had contemn'd his Power
Petition to the King, That those two a Year before, when it was not ſo well
Counſellors might be excluded, and be no able to reſiſt ir: But he quickly dir;
mare preſent in Councils of War: çern'd he could do no good there;
which they promiſed to do.
Then he march'd towards Gloceſter
Waller remain'd ſtill in Worceſter having ſent to Colonel Malley
, to ſend
hire; upon wḥich it was again con- him ſome Men out of Glocefter; which
fulted, what the King was to do. he being a Creature of Ejex's refuſed
Some propoſed, the marching pre to do. Upon this Denial, he march-
ſently into the aſſociated Counties; ed into Warwickſhires and appointed
others, to loſe no Time in endeavour. his Rendezvous in Keinton Field, the
ing to joyn with Prince Rupert. Płace where the firſt Battle was fought,
Wilmot, without ever communicating There he receiv'd an Addition of fe-
it with the King, poſitively adviſed, ven Troops of Horſe, and about fix
that they might preſently march towards hundred Foot, from Warwick and
London, and now both their Generals, from Coventry, with eleven Pieces of
and Armies were far from them, make Ordnance, With this Recruit he
Trjalwbat their true Affection was; and marched confidently towards the
sbat, when the Army was marched as King; of which his Majeſty being
far as St. Albans, the King should inform'd, that he might the ſooner
Send ſuch a gracious Meſage both to the meet him, he marched with his Army
Parliament, and City, as was moſt like to Brackley, when Wäller was near
tº prevail upon them; and concluded, Banbury, and the Armies coming
ffortly
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 357
1
phortly in view of each other, upon a which made a very faint Réſiſtance :
fair Sun-fhine in the Afternoon, after so that this Party advanced above
a very wet Morning, both endea: half a Mile, purſuing their Deſign of
your'd to poſſeſs a piece of Ground cutting off the King's Rear, before
they well knew to be of Advantage; they ſhould be able to get up to the
which being nearer to Waller, and the Body of the Army. To facilitate this
King paſſing his whole Army through Execution, he had ſent one thouſand
the Town of Banbury, before he could Horſe more, to paſs over at a Ford a
could come to it, Waller had firſt his Mile below Cropredy-Bridge, and to
Men upon it in good Order of Battle, fall upon the Rear of all. Timely
before the King could reach thither : Notice being given of this to the Eart
So that the King lay that Night in of Cleveland, who was in the Van of
the Field, half 2 Mile Eaſt of Bar- that Diviſion, and of the Enemy's
bury, the River of Cherwel being be, having paſſed at Cropredy
. (which was
tween the two ·Armies,
confirm'd by the running of the
The King reſolv'd to make Waller Horſe, and ſcatter'd Foot) and that
draw off from the Advantage Ground, there ſtood two Bodies of Horſe with:
where he had ſtood two Days; and in out, moving, and faced the: Army :
order thereunto, marched away, as if Thereupon the Earl preſently drew up
he would enter farther into Northamp- his Brigade to a riſing Ground thac.
tonſhire: And he no ſooner moved, faced that Paſs, where he diſcern?d a
but. Waller likewiſe drew off from his great Body of the Rebels Horſe drawn
Ground, and coaſted on the other up, and ready to have fallen upon his
Side of the River, but at ſuch a Pi- Rear. It was no Time to expect Or-
ſtance, that it was thought he had no ders ; but the Earl, led by his own
mind to be engaged. The Van of great Spirit, charged preſently that
the King's Army was led by the Ge- Body with great Fury, which ſuitain'd
neral, and Wilmot : In the Bódy was if not with equal Courage ; loſing a
the King, and the Prince, and the Cornet, and many Priſoners..
Rear conſiſted of one thouſand com. This Alarm had quickly reach'd
manded Foot, under Colonel Thelwell, the King, who ſent to the Van to re-
with the EarỊ of Northampton's and turn, and himſelf drew up thoſe about
the Earl of Cleveland's Brigades of him, to a little Hill beyond the
Horſe. And, that the Enemy might Bridge ; where he ſaw the Eneny pre.
not take any Advantage, .a Party of paring for a ſecond Charge upon the
Dragoons was ſent to keep Cropredy: Earl of Cleveland. The King com-
Bridge, untill the Army was paſſed manded the. Lord Bernard Stuart, a
beyond it. The Army marching in valiant young Gentleman, who com-
this Order, Intelligence was brought manded his own Guards, to make
to the King, That there was a Body of haſte to the Aſiſtance of the Rear; and,
three hundred Horſes within leſs than in his Way, to Charge thoſe two Bodies
two Miles of the Van of the Army, of Harſe which faced his Majeſty. He,
tbat march'd to joyn with Waller ; and with above a hundred of gallant and
that they might be eaſily cut off, if the ſtout Gentlemen, return'd inſtantly
Army mended their Pace. Whereup- over the Bridge, and made haſte to.
on, Orders were ſent to the foremoſt wards thoſe two Bodies: of Horſe ;
Horſe, That they ſhould move faſter, who, ſeeing their Fellows routed by
the Van and the Middle having the the Earl of Cleveland, were then ad-
fame Directions, without any Noticevancing to Charge him in the Flank,
given to the Rear. Waller quickly as he was following the Execution.
difcern'd' the great Diſtance that was But the Preſence of this. Troop made
luddenly grown between the King's them change their Mind; and, after
ą
Body and his Rear, and preſently ad- very little Stay, accompany their Fel-
vanced with fifteen hundred Horſe, lows in their Flight ; which very
one thouſand Foot, and eleven Pieces much facilitated their Defeat, that
of Cannon, to Cropredy-Bridge, which quickly enſued.
were quickly too Itrong for the Dra The Earl of Cleveland, after his
grons that 'were left to keep it, and ſhort Encounter, made a Stand under
.
35?
The : Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
a great Alh (where the King had but or bęfore. And ſo the Earl having
half an Hour before ſtay'd and din'd) clear'd that Side of the River, and noc
not underſtanding what the Enemy knowing how far he was from the
could mean by advancing ſo faſt, and Army, retired, as he had good Rea-
then flying ſo ſoon; when he perceiv'd fon to do; having loſt in this notable
a Body of their Horſe of fixteen Cor- Action, two Colonels, Sir William
nets, and as many Colours of Foot, Boteler, and Sir William Clarke, both
placed within the Hedges, and all Gentlemen of Kent, of fair Fortunes,
within Muſquet-ſhot of him, and ad- who had raiſed, and arm’d their
vancing upon him; which he like- Regiments at their own Charge; who
wife did upon them with notable were both killd dead upon the Place,
Vigour; and having ſtood their Muf- with one Captain more of another
quer and Carabine-ſhot, being refo- Regiment, and not above fourteen
lutely ſeconded by all the Officers of Common Soldiers.
his Brigade, that he roured both Horſe At the ſame Time, the Earl of Nor:
and Foot, and chaſed them with good thampton diſcover'd that Party of the
Execution beyond their Cannon : All Enemies Horſe, which had found a
which, being eleven Pieces, were ta- Paſſage over the River a Mile below,
ken; with two Barricadoes of Wood, to follow him in the Rear; and pre-
which were drawn upon Wheels, and ſently faced about with thoſe Regi-
in each ſeven ſmall Braſs and Leather ments of his Brigade. Upori which,
Guns, charg'd with Caſe-ſhot ; moſt without enduring the Charge, the
of their Canoneers were killd, and whole Body 'betook themſelves to
the General of their Ordnance taken Flight, and got over the Paſs they
Priſoner. 'This Man, one Weemes, had ſo newly been acquainted with,
a Scotch-Man, had been as much oblig- with little Loſs, becauſe they'prevented
ed by the King, as a Mary of his Çon, the Danger ; though many of them,
dition could be, and in a manner very when they were got over, continued
unpopular : · For he was made Ma- their Flight ſo far, as if they were
fter Gunner of England, with a Pen- ftill purſued, that they never return'd
fion of three hundred Pounds per an, again to their Ariny. The. Lord Bero
num for his Life (which was looked nard, with the King's Troop, ſeeing
upon as ſome Diſreſpect to the Engliſh there was no Enemy left on that Side,
Nation) and having never done the drew up in a large Field, oppoſite to,
King. the leaſt Service, he took the the Bridge'; where he ſtood, whilſt
firſt Opportunity to Differve him ; the Cannon, on the other Side, play'd
and having been engaged againſt him, upon him, untill his Majeſty. and the
from the Beginning of the Rebellion, reſt of the Armiy paffed by them, and
he was now preferr'd by them, for his drew into a Body upon the Fields near
eminent Diſioyalıy, to be General of Wilſcot. Waller. inſtantly quitted
the Ordnance, in the Army of Sir Cropredy ånd Hanwell, oppoſite to
William Waller; who was very much the King's Quarters about a Mile;
adviſed by him in all Matters of Im- the River of Cherwel, and ſome
portance. Beſides Weenies, there was low Grounds; being between both
taken Priſoner Baker, · Lieutenant' Armies; which had a full View of
Colonel to Şir William Waller's own each other.
Regiment, and five or ſix Lieutenant It was now about three of the
Colonels and Captains, of as good' Clock in the Afternoon, the Weather
Names as. were amongſt them ; with very fair, and very warm (it being
many Lieutenants, Enſigns, and Cor- the 29th Day of June) and the King's
Mers, Qțarter-Maſters; and above one Army being now together, his Ma-
hundred Common Soldiers ; many jeſty reſolvd to proſecute his good
more being ſlain in the Charge. The Fortune, and to go to the Enemy,
Earl purſued them as far as the Bridge; fince they would not come to him :
over which he forced them to retire, And to that Purpoſė, ſent two good
in ſpight of their Dragoons, which. Parties,' to make Way for him to paſs
were placed there to make good their both at Cropredy. Bridge, and the o-
Retreat : All which fled with them, ther Pals, a Mile below; over which
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
3,53.
1
.
the Enemy had fo newly. paffed : Spirit in the Officers,.govern'd by Wil.
Both which Places were ſtronglyguard- mot, at Buckingham, he was unfatisfied
ed by them. To Cropred, they ſent with the Temper of his own. Army,
ſuch ſtrong Bodies of Foot, to relieve and did not defire a thorough Engage-
each other as they ſhould be preſſed, ment, till he had a little Time to re-
that thoſe ſent by the King thither, form fome, whom he reſolv'd never
could make no Impreſſion upon them; more heartily to truſt; and to unde-
but were repulſed,' till the Night ceive others, who, he knew, were
came, and ſevered them; all Parties miſed without any Malice, or Inten '
being tired with the Duty of the Day. tion. But when he now' found him-
But they who were ſent to the other ſelf ſo much at Liberty from two
Paſs, a Mile below, after a ſhort Re- great Armies, which had ſo ftreight-
fiftance, gained it, and a Mill ad- ly encompaſſed him, within little
joyning; where, after they had kill'd more than a Month; and that he had,
ſome, they took the reſt Priſoners;, upon the Matter, defeated' one of.
and from thence, did not only defend them, and reduced it to a Sțate, in
themſelves, that, and the next Day, which it could, for the preſent, do
but did the Enemy much Hurt; ex him little Harm'; his Heart, was-
pecting ſtill that their Fellows fhould at no Eaſe, .with Apprehenſion of
maſter the other Paſs, that fo they the terrible Fright the Queen would
might advance together.
be in (who was newly deliver'd' of a
When both Armies had ſtood upon Daughter, that was afterward's mar-
the fame Ground, and in the ſame ried to the Duke of Orleans.) when ſhe
Poſture, for the Space of two Days, ſaw the Earl of Eſex before the Walls
they both drew off to a greater Di- of Exeter, and ſhould be at the ſame
ſtance from each other'; and from Time informid, that Walloy was with
that Time, never ſaw each other. It another Army in Purſuit of himſelf:
then quickly appear'd, by Waller's His Majeſty reſolv'd therefore, with
ftill keeping more aloof from the all poſſible Expedition, to follow the
King, and his marching up and down Earl of Eſex, in hopes that he ſhould
from Buckingham, ſometimes towards be able to fight a Battle with him
Northampton, and ſometimes towards before Waller ſhould be in a Condi:
Warwick, that he was without other tion to follow him : 'And his own
Deſign, than of recruiting his Army; Strength would be much improv’dz.
and that the Defeat of that Day at by a Conjunction with Prince Maus
Cropredy was much greater than it rice; who, though he retired before
then appear'd to be; and that it even Elſex, would be well-able, by the
broke the Heart of his Army. And North of Devonſhire, to meet the
it is very probable, that if the King; King, when he ſhould know that he
after he had reſted and refreſhed his march'd that Way.
Men three or four Days, which was His Majeſty had no ſooner taken
very neceſſary, in regard they were this Reſolution, than he gave Notice
exceedingly tired with continual Duty, of it to the Lords of the Council at
beſides that the Proviſions would not Oxford; and ſent an Expreſs into the
hold longer in the fame Quarters, Weſt; to inform the Queen of it';
had follow'd Waller, when it was evi- who, by the Way, carried Orders
dent he woul í not follow the King, he' to the Lord Hopion, To draw what
might have deſtroy'd that Army without Men be could out of Monmouthſhire,
fighting: -For it appear'd afterwards, and South Wales into Briſtol ;that
without its being purſued, that within himſelf might meet bis Majeſty with as
fourteen Days after that Action at riany as he could poſibly draw out of
Cropredy, Waller's Army, that before that Garriſon. So, without any De-
conſiſted of eight thouſand, was fo lay, the whole Army, with what Ex-
much waſted, that there remain'd' not pedition was poſſible, march'd towards
with him half that Number.
the Weſt over the Cotſwold to Ciren-
But the Truth is, . from the Time cefter; and ſo to Bath ; where he ar-
that the King diſcover'd that mutinous riv'd on the 15th Day of "July; and
103
Itay'd
4 U
1
354
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ſtay'd there one whole Day, to refreſh with thoſe in the Town, and all Pro-
his Army; which ſtood enough in need viſion brought in abundantly out of
of it.
the Country; but the Prince, without
The King had ſcarce march'd two conſulting with the Marquis of New-
Days Weſtward, when he was ſur cofile, or any of the Officers within
prized with ill News from the North; thé Town, ſent for all the Soldiers to
for, after he had, by an Expreſs froin draw out, and put the whole Army in
Oxford, receiv'd Intelligence, That Battalia, on that Side where the Ene-
Prince Rupert had not only relievid my was drawn up; who had no other
York, but totally defeated the Scots, Hope to preſerve them, but å preſent
with many Particulars to confirm-it (all Battle, to prevent the Reproaches and
which was ſo much beliey'd there,, Mutinies which diſtracted them: And.
that they had made publick Fires of though that Party of the King's Horſe
Joy for the Victory) he now received which charged the Scots, fo, totally
quite contrary Information, and was routed and defeated their whole Army,
too ſurely convinced, that his whole that they Aed all Ways for many
Army was defeated. It was very true, Miles together, and were knock'd on
that, after many great and noble
, the Head, and taken Priſoners by the
Actions performd by Prince Rupert Country, and Leſly their General fed
in the Relief of Latham, and the Re ten Miles, and was taken Priſoner by
duction of Bolton, and all other Places, a Conſtable (from whence the News
in that large County (Mancheſter on- of the Victory was ſpeedily brought to
ly excepted). in which the Rebels loft Newark, and thence' ſent by an Ex-
very many, much Blood having been preſs to Oxford; and ſo receiv'd and
thed, in taking places by Alfault, ſpread as aforeſaid) yet the Engliſh
which were too obſtinately defended; Horſe, commanded by Fairfax and
the Prince had march'd out of Lan- Cromwell, charged fo well, and in
caſpire with ſo good Reputation, and ſuch excellent Order, being no foćner
had given his Orders ſo effectually to broken than they rallied again, and
Goring, who lay in Lincolnſhire with charged as briſkly, that, though both
that Body of Horſe that belong'd to Fairfax and Cromwell were hurt, and
the Marquis of Newcaſtle's Army, both above the Shoulders, and many
that they happily joyn'd him; and good Officers kill'd, they prevailed
march'd together towards York, with over that Body of Horſe which oppo-
ſuch Expedition, that the Enemy was ſed them, and totally routed, and bi at
fo ſurprized, that they found it necef- them of the Field; and almoſt the
ſary to raiſe the Siege in Confuſion e whole body of the Marquis of New-
nough; and leaving one whole Side caſtle's Foot were cut off.
of the Town free, drew to the other The Marquis himſelf, and his brave
Side, in grcat. Diſorder and Confter: Brother, Sir Charles Cavendiſh, charg-
pation; there being irreconcileable ed in the Head of a Troop of Gentle-
Differences, and Jealouſies, between men, who came out of the Town with
the Officers, and, indeed, becween him, with as much Gallamtry and
the Nations : The Engliſh reſolving Courage, as Men could do. But it
to joyn no more with the Scots, and was ſo late in the Evening before the
they, on the other Side, as weary of Battle begun, that the Night quickly
their Company, and Diſcipline; fo fell upon them; and the Generals re-
that the Prince had done his Work; turn'd into the Town, not enough
and if he had ſát ſtill, the Enemies knowing their own Lofs, and per-
great Army would have moulder'd to form’d very few Compliments to each
nothing, and been expoſed to any other. They who moſt exactly de-
Advantage his Highneſs would take fcribe that unfortunate Battle, and
of them.
more unfortunate abandoning that
| But the diſmal Fate of the King- whole Country, by Prince Ruperi's
dom would.not permit fo much Sobri- haſty Departure with all his Troops,
ety of Counſel : One Side of the and the Marquis of Newcaſtle's as ha-
Town was no ſooner free, 'by which ſty Departure to the Sea-ſide, and
there was an entire Communication taking Ship, and tranſporting himſelf
.
out
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
355
out of the Kingdon, and all the ill miony Foot as be had left ; and the
. Conſequences thereupon, give ſo ill other, That he would, in that Inſtant,
an Account of any Conduct or Dif-, repair to the Sea-ſide, and tranſport
cretion, in the Managery of that Af- himſelf, beyond the Seas both which
fair, that, as I can take no Pleaſure they immediately performd ; the
in writing of it, ſo Poſterity would Marquis making hafte to Scarboroughing
receive little Pleaſure, or Benefit, in there embark'd in a poor Veffel, and
the moſt particular Relation of it. arriv'd at Hamburgh: The Prince,
This may be ſaid of it, that the like with his Army, begun his March the
was never done, or heard, or read of fame Morning towards Cheſter. And
before"; that two great Generals, fo York was left to the Diſcretion of
whereof. one had ftill. a good Army. Sir Thomas Glemham, the Governor
left; his Horſe, by their not having thereof; to do with it as he thought
perform'd their Duty, remaining fit; being in a Condition only to de-
upon the matter entire, and much the liver it up with more Decency, not to
greater Part of his Foot having reci, defend it againſt an Enemy that
red into the Town, the great Execu- would require it.
tion having fallen upon the Northern Whereas,' if. Prince Rupert had
Foot; and the other, having the ab- ſtay'd with the Army he march'd
ſolute Commiſſion over the Northern away with, at any reaſonable Diſtance,
Counties; and very many conſiderable it would have been long before the
Places in them ſtill remaining under Jealouſies, and Breaches, which were
his Obedience, ſhould both agree in between the Engliſh and Scotch Ar-
nothing elſe, but in leaving that good mies, would have been enough com,
City; and the whole Country, as & poſed to have agreed upon the renew-
Prey to the Enemy; who had not yet ing the Siege, ſuch great Quantities
the Courage to believe that they had of Proviſion being already brought
the Victory; the Scots having been into the Town: And the Scots talk.
ſo totally routed (as hath been ed of nothing but returning into their
ſaid before) their General madę own Country, where the Marquis of
Priſoner by a Conſtable, and detained Montroſe had kindled already a Fire,
in Cuſtody, till moft Part of the next which the Paſliament of Edinburgh
Day was part ; and moſt of the Offi. could not quench. But the certain In-
cers, and Army, having march?d, or telligence, That the Prince was march?d
run above ten Miles Northward, be- away without Thought of returning,
fore they had News that they might and that the Marquis had embark d bim-
ſecurely return : And though the ſelf, reconciled them ſo far, that, after
Horſe under Fairfax and Cromwell two Dayş, they return'd to their Poſts
had won the Day, yet they were both they had before had in the Siege; and
much wounded, and many others of ſo ſtreightend the Town, that the
the beſt Officers kill'd, or ſo maim'd Governor, when he had no Hope of
that they could not in any ſhort Relief, within a Fortnight was com
Time, have done more Hurt : So pelled to deliver it up, upon as good
that if there had been any Agreement Articles for the Town, and the Gen-
to have concealed their Loſs, there try that were in it, and for himſelf,
might probably many Advantages and the few Soldiers he had left, as he
have appear'd, which were not at the could propoſe : And ſo he march?d
Inſtant in View ; however, they with all his Troops to Carliſle ; which
might both have done that as ſecurely he afterwards defended with very re-
afterwards, as they did then unſea- markable Circumſtances of Courage,
fonably.
Induſtry, and Patience.
But neither of them were Friends to The Times afterwards grew ſo bad,
ſuch Deliberation; but, as ſoon as they and the King's Affairs
, ſucceeded ſo ill,
were refreſh'd with a little Sleep, they that there was no Opportunity to call
both fent a Meſſenger to each other, .either of thoſe two great Perſons to
almoſt at the fame Time; the one, Account for what they had done, or
That be was refolvid, that Morning, what they had left undone. · Nor did
-20 march away with bis Horſe, and as either of them ever think fit to make
ару
1
3
356.
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
any particular Relation of the Grounds
The Loſs of England came ſo foon
of their Proceeding, or the Cauſes of to be lamented, that the Loſs of York,
their Miſadventures by way of Excuſe or the too ſoon deſerting the Nor.
to the King, or for their own Vindi- thern Parts, were comparatively no
cation. Prince Rupert, only to his more ſpoken of; and the conſtant and
Friends, and after the Murder of the noble Behaviour of the Marquis in the
King, produced a Letter in the King's Change of his Fortune, and his chear.
own Hard, which he receiv'd when ful Submiſſion to all the Streights,
he was upon his March from Lanca. Neceſſities, and Diſcomforts, which
psire towards York; in which his Ma are infeperable from Baniſhment,
jeſty faid, That his Affairs were in ſo without the leaſt Application to the
very ill a State, that it would not be Uſurpers, who were poffeffed of his
enough, though bis Highneſs raiſed the whole Eſtate, and upon which they
Siege from York, if he had not likewiſe committed all imaginable and irreparco
Beaten the Scotch Army ; which be un- rable Wafte, in deſtroying all his
derſtood to amount to no leſs than a pe- Woods of very great Value; and who
remptory. Order to Fight, upon what were ſtill equally abhorr'd and deſpi-
Diſadvantage Toever : And added, fed by him; with his Readineſs and
That' the. Diſadvantage 'was so great, Alacrity again to have embark'd:him-
the Enemy being ſo much ſuperior in ſelf in the King's Quarrel, upon the
Number, it was no Wonder be loſt the firſt reaſonable Occaſion, foʻperfectly
Day. But as the King's Letter would reconcil'd all good Men to him, that
not bear that 'Senſe, ſo the great- they' rather obſerv'd, what he had
eft Cauſe of the Misfortune was the done, and ſuffer'd for the King and
precipitate entring upon the Battle, as for his Country, without farther inqui-
Yoon as the Enemy drew off; and ring what he had omitted to do, or
without conſulting at all with the been 'overſeen in doing.
Marquis of Newcaſile, and his officers; This fatal' Blow, which ſo much
who muſt needs know more of the E. chang'd the King's Condition, that
nemy, and conſequently how they till then was very hopeful, made rot
were beſt to be dealt with, than his ſuch an Impreſſion upon his Majeſty,
'Highneſs could do. For he'ſaw not but that it made him purſue his for-
the Marquis, till, upon his Summons, mer Reſolution, to follow the Earl of
he came into the Field, in the Head Elſex, with more Impatience; having
of a Troop of Gentlemen, as a private now in truth nothing elſe to do. But
Captain, when the Battle was ranged; being inform'd that the Earl had not
and which, after a ſhort-Salutation, 'made any long Marches, and that the
immediately begun, thoſe of the Mar. Queen, upon the firſt News of the
quis's Army, who came out of the Earl's drawing near, though ſhe had
Town, being placed upon the Ground been little more than a Fortnight de-
eft by the Prince, and affign'd to liver'd, had left Exeter, and was re-
them ;
which much indiſpoſed both mov'd into Cornwal ; from whence,
* Officers and Soldiers to the Work in in a ſhort Time, ſhe embark'd for
hand, and towards thoſe with whom France (the Prince of Orange having
they were to joyn in it.
fent fome Dutch Ships of Wary, to ar-
All that can be ſaid for the Marquis tend her Commands in the Harbour
. is, that he was ſo utterly tired with a of Falmouth; and from thence her
Condition and Employment fo con- Majeſty tranſported herſelf) his Ma-
'trary to his Humour, Nature, and jeſty march'd more Nowly, that he
Education, that he did not at all con- might encreaſe his Army from Briſtol,
ſider, the Means, or the Way, that and other Places; making no Doubt,
· would let him out of it, and free him but that he ſhould engage the Army
for ever from having more to do with of the Earl of Eſſex, who was already
it. And it was a greater Wonder, near Exeter, before he ſhould be able
that he ſuſtain'd the Vexation and Fa. to return tu London.
tigue of it ſo long, than that he The Earl of Elex's good Fortune
broke from it with ſo little Circum- now begun to decline : He had not
ſpection
proceeded with his accuſtom'd Wari-
Mls
+
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 357
neſs. and Skill; but run into Laby- ſed the Return of the Army; but
rinths, from whence he could not dif: preſſed, That the Army. Mould continue.
intangle himſelf.
When he had its March to Cornwal, where he un-,
march'd to the Length of Exeter; dertook to have ſo great an Intereſt,
which he had fome. Thought of be. that he made, no queſtion, But, the
fieging, without any Imagination that Preſence of the Earl of Effex, with his
he could find an Enemy to contend Army, would so unite that County to:
with him, having left the King in ſo the Parliament's Service, that it would
ill a Condition, and Sir William Walt be eaſy to defend the Paſſes into the
ler with ſo good an Army waiting up whole Country in ſuch a Manner, that
on him, he had the News of the Diſ- the King's Army ſhould never be able to
appointment Sir William Waller had enter into Cornwal, nor to retire out of
receiv'd ; and that the King was comė Devonſhire without great Loſs, nor bea
with his whole. Army into the Weſt fore the. Perliament would ſend more
in Purſuit of him, without being fol. Forces upon their Backs.
low'd by Waller, or any Troops to : The Lord Roberts, though inferior
difquiet or retard his March; which in the Army, had much greater Cres
exceedingly ſurprized him, and made dit in the Parliament than the Earl of
him ſuſpect that the Parliament itſelf Élex; and the Earl, did not think
had betrayed him, and confpir!d his him very kind to him, he being then
Ruin.
in great Conjunction with Sir. Harry ·
The Jealouſies were now indeed Vane, whom of all Men the Earl ha-
grown very great between them; the ted, and look'd upon as an Enemy:
Parliament looking upon his March He had never been in-Cornwal; lo he
into the Weſt, and leaving Waller; to knew not the Situation of the Country :
whom they intended the other Pro. Some of the Officers, and ſome others
vince; to follow the King, but as a of that Country (as there were with
Declaration that he would no. moré him four or five Gentlemen of that
fight againſt the Perſon of the King; Country of Intereſt) concurr'd fully
and the Earl, on the other Side, had with the Lord Roberts, and promiſed
well obſerv'd the Difference betwixt great Matters, if the Army march'd
the Care and Affection the Parliament thither.; whereupon the Earl departed
expreſſed for, and towards his Army, from his own Underſtanding, and
and the other under the Command of comply'd with their Advice; and ſo
the Earl of Mancheſter ; which they march'd the direct Way with all his
fet ſo great a Price upon, that' he Army, Horſe, Foot, and Cannon,
thought they would not ſo much care · into that narrow County; and purſued
what became of his. Otherwiſe; it Prince Maurice and thoſe Fórces,
could not be poſible, that upon ſo which eaſily retir'd Weſtward ; until
little a Bruſh as:Waller had ſuſtain'd, he found himfelf in Streights; where
he could not be able to follow and we ſhall leave him for the preſent.
diſturb the King, in a Country-ſo in After the King had made a full Stay
cloſed, as he muſt paſs through. In at Exeter, where he found his young
this unexpected. Streight, upon the Daughter, of whom the Queen had
firſt Reception of the News, he re been fo. lately deliver'd, under the
folv'd to return back; and meet, and Care and. Government of the Lady
fight with the Kingeither before he Dalkeith, who had been long before
enter'd Devonſhire, or elſe in Somer- deſign’d by both their Majeſties to
fetfire ; in either of which Places lie that Charge; and having a little re-
could not be ſtreighten'd in Rooiny. or freſh'd and accommodated his Troops,
Proviſions, or be compellid to fight he marched directly to .Cornwal ;
in a Place diſadvantageous, or when where he found the Earl of Eſſex in
he had no mind to it, and if he had ſuch a Part of the Country on the-Sea-
purſued his Reſolution, he had done ſide, that he quickly, by the general
prudently. But the Lord Roberts, Conflux and Concourſe of the whole
who was a general Officer in his Ar- People, upon which the Earl had been
my, of an infociablc Nature and im- perſwaded ſo much to depend, found
petuous Diſpoſition, poſitively.oppo- . Means, with very little Fighting, ſo
105
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ID
358
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to ftreighten his Quarters, that there even than his Rival Goring, and ſway'd
ſeem'd little Appearance that he could more among the good Fellows, and
poſſibly march away with his Army, could by no means endure that the
or compel the King to fight. He Lord Digby, and Sir John Colepepper,
was, upon the matter, incloſed in, ſhould have ſo much Credit with the
and about Foy'; whilſt the King lay King in Councils of War,
encamped about Liſkard ; and no The King had no Kindneſs for him
Day paſſed without Tome Skirmiſhes ; upon an old Account, as remembring
in which the Earl was more diſtreſſed, the Part he had acted againſt the Earl
and many of his principal Officers ta- of Strafford: However, he had been
ken Priſoners. Here there happend induced, upon the Accidents which
an Accident that might very well happen'd afterwards, to repoſe Truſt
have turn'd the King's Fortune, and in him. This Wilmot knew well e-
deprivd him of all the Advantages nough; and foreſaw, that he ſhould
which were then in View. The King be quickly overſhadow'd in the War;
being always in the Army himſelf, all and therefore deſired to get out of its
Matters were ſtill debated before him, by a ſeaſonable Peace; and ſo, in all
in the Preſence of thoſe Counſellors his Diſcourſes, urg'd the Neceſſity of
who were about him; who, being Men it, as he had begun' in Buckingham-
of better Underſtandings and better fire; and, That the King ought to
Expreſſions than the Officers, com- ſend Propoſitions to the Parliament, in
monly diſpoſed his Majefty to their order to obtain it; and in his March
Opinions, at leaſt kept him from con had proſecuted his former Deſign by
curring in every Thing which was ſeveral Cabals, among the Officers;
propoſed by the Officers. The Coun- and diſpoſed them to petition the
fellors were the Lord Digby, Secre- King, To ſend to the Parliament again
tary of State, and Sir John Colepepper, an Offer of Peace; and that, the Lord
Maſter of the Rolls; of whoſe Judg- Digby, and Sir John Colepepper,
ment the King had more Efteem, e might not be permitted to be preſent in
ven with Reference to the War, than Councils of War; implying, That if
of moſt of the Officers of the Army; this might not be granted, they would
which raiſed an implacable Animoſity think of ſome other Way. Which Pe.
in the whole Army againſt them. tition, though, by the Wiſdom of
General Ruthen, who by this Time ſome. Officers, it was kept from being
was created Earl of Brentford, was deliver'd, yet ſo provoked the King,
General of the Army; but, as hath that he reſolv'd to take the firſt Op-
been ſaid, both by reaſon of his Age, portunity to free himſelf from his im-
and his extreme Deafneſs, was not a petuous Humour; in which good
Man of Council or Words ; hardly Diſpoſition the Lord Digby ceaſed not
conceiv'd what was propoſed, and as to confirm his Majeſty ; and as ſoon
confuſedly and obfcurely deliver'd his as the News came of the Northern
Opinion; and could indeed better Defeat, and that the Marquis of
judge by his Eye than his Ear; and Newcaſtle had left the Kingdom, he
in the Field well knew what was to be prevailid that Goring might be ſene
done. Wilmot was Lieutenant Gene--for to attend his Majeſty; who then
ral of the Horſe, and at this Time propoſed to himſelf to make his Ne-
the ſecond Officer of the Army, and phew Prince Rupert General of the
had much more Credit and Au- Army, and Goring General of the
thority in it, than any Man; which Horſe, which Wilmot could not a-
he had not employ'd to the King's yowedly have excepted againſt, the
Advantage, as his Majeſty believd. other having been always ſuperior to
He was a Man proud and ambitious, him in Command; and yet would be
and incapable of being contented; an ſuch a Mortification to him, as he
ordinary Officer in Marches, and go. would never have been able to digeſt.
verning his Troops. He drank hard, Whether his Apprehenſions of this,
and had a great Power over all who or his reſtleſs and mutinous Humour,
did ſo, which was a great people. tranſported him, he gave not the
Jie had a more companionable Wit King Time enough to proſecute that
gra-
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
359
ing
gracious Method; but even forced Lord Piercy; who had been made
him to a rougher Remedy: For dur. General of the Ordnance upon very
g the whole March, he diſcourſed, partial, and not enough deliberated
in all Places, Tbat the King muſt ſend Conſiderations; and put into that
to the Earl of Effex to invite him to a Office the Lord Hopton; whoſe Pron
Conjunktion with him, that ſo the Par: motion was univerſally approv'd ; the
liament might be obliged to conſent to a one having no Friend, and the other
Peace and pretended; that he had ſo being univerſally belov'd. Beſides,
good Intelligence in that Army, as to the Lord Piercy had been as much in-
know that ſuch an Invitation would clined to Mutiny,, as the Lord Wil.
prove effe&tual, and be acceptable to the mot; and was much a bolder Speaker
Ear), who, he knew, was unſatisfied and had none of thoſe Faculties, which
with the Parliament's Behaviour to the other had, of reconciling Men tº
wards him :: And he was ſo indir: him.
creet, as to deſire a Gentleman, with The very next Day after theſe Re-
whom he had no Intimacy, and who movals, Colone! Goring appeard.
had a Paſs to go beyond the Seas, and who had waited upon the King the
muſt go through the Earl's Quarters, Night before, at his Quarters, with
That he would remember bis Service to Letters from Prince Rupert And
the Earl of Eſſex; and aſſure him, that then the Army being drawn up, his
the Army ſo much defir'd Peace, that it Majeſty, attended by the principal
jould not be in the Power of any of Officers of the Army, rode to eyery
thoſe Perſons about the King to binder Diviſion of the Horſe, and there de
it, if bis Lordſhip would treat upon any clared, That at the Requeſt of his Ne-
reaſonable Propoſitions. All which phew Prince Rupert, and upon bis
kind of Carriage and Diſcourſes were Refignation, he made Mr. Goring Gea:
quickly repreſented, in their full neral of the Horſe; 'and commanded.
Magnitude, to the King by the Lord them all to obey bim; and for the Lord.
Digby; and his Majeſty's own Aver. Wilmat, although he bad, for
. very
fion kindled any Spark into a form’d good Reaſons, juftly reſtrain d him for
Diſtruſt. So that after the King came the preſent, yet he had not taken away
into Cornwal, and had his whole Ar- from him his Command in the Army
my drawn up on the Top of the Hill, which Declaration viſibly raiſed the
in View of the Earl of Elex, who was Countenance of the Body of Horſe,
in the Bottom, and a Battle expected more than the King was pleaſed with
every Day, npon ſome new Diſcourſe obſerving: And the very next Day
Wilmot made out of Pride and Vanity, the greateſt Part of the Officers deli-
(for there was not, in all the former, verd, a Petition, That bis Majeſty
the leaſt form’d Act of Sedition in his would give them so much light of the
Heart) the Knight Martial, with the Lord Wilmot's Crimes, that they
Aliſtance of Tom Elliot, arreſted him might ſee that themſelves were not ſuj;
in the King's Name of High Treaſon; pečted, who had ſo long obey'd and ex-
and diſmounted him from his Horſe ecuted his Orders; which is Manifeſta.
in the Head of all the Troops ; pur- tion enough of the ill Diſpoſition the
ting a Guard upon him. He was pre- Army was in; when they were. even
fently ſent Priſoner to Exeter, without in View of the Enemy, and of which
any other ill Effect, which might ve the King had ſo much Apprehenſion,
ry reaſonably have been apprehended in' reſpect of the preſent Poſture he was
in ſuch a Conjuncture, when he was in, that he was too eaſy perſwaded to
indeed generally well. beloved, and give them a Draught of the Articles,
none of them for whoſe Sakes he was by which he was charg'd; which
thought to be ſacrificed, were at all though they contain'd ſo many Indiſ-
eſteemid; yet, I ſay, there was no cretions, Vanities, and Inſolencies,
other ill Effects of it than a little that wife and diſpaſſionate Men thought
Murmur, which vaniſhed away.
he had been proceeded with very juft-
The fame Day thạt Wilmot was ár- ly, yet generally they ſeem'd nor to
reſted, the King remov'd another make him ſo very black, as he had
General Officer of his Army, the been repreſented to be : And when
the
"360 The' iliſtory of the Rebellion
>
the Articles were ſent to him, he re- guments, that might'moſt reaſonably
Kurn'd fo fpécious an Antwer to them, perſwade toʻą Conjunction with his
that made many, Men think he had Majeſty, and ſuch gracious Expreſ-
been profecuted with feverity enough. fions of the Senſe he would always re-
Yec Wilmot himſelf when he ſaw his tain of the Service
and Merit, as were
old mortal Enemy Goring put in the moſt likely to invite him to it. The
Condmarid' dyer him thought himſelf King, defird, that a Paſs might be
Incapable of Reparation, or a full procured for Mr. Harding, one of the
Vindicatión , and therefore deſir'd Grooms of the Bed-Chamber to the
Leave to retire into France; and had Prince, a Gentleman, who had been
preſently a Paſs fent him to thắt Purs before of much Converſation with the
Sofe ;, of which he made ufe as ſoon as Earl, and much lov'd by him; and
he received it; and To tranſported him the procuring this Paſs was recom-
fell out of the Kingdom; whichi 'o- mended to Montieur Richaute.
pen & the Mouths of many; and made
: The Earl received his Nephew very
It believ:d, that he had been ſacrificed kindly; who deliver'd the King's
to'fome Faction and Iritrigue of the Letter to him, which he receiv’d,
Court, without any ſuch Miſdemea and read; and being then told by the
hộut as deſerv'd it. The King had, Lord Beauchamp, that Monſieur
ſome Days before this, found an Op- Richaute, who was very well known
portunity to make a Trial whether to 'him, had ſomewhat to ſay, to him
the Eart' of Ejex, from the notorious from the King; the Earl called hiin
Indignities which he receiv'd from the into his Chamber, in the Preſence on-
Parliament, and which were viſible ly of the Lord Beauchamp, and aſk'd
to all, the World; or from the preſent. "him, If he had any thing to ſay to him?
111. Condition which he, and his Army Richaute told him, That bis principal
were reduced to, might be induced to Buſineſs was to deſire his Permiſſion and
make a Conjunction with his Majeſty, Pafs, that Mr. Harding might come
The Lord Beauchamp, eldeſt Son to to him, who had many Things to offer,
the Marquis of Hertford, deſired, for which, he preſumed, would not be un-
the Recovery of his Health, not then acceptable to him. The Earl anfwerd
good, to tranſport himſelf into France; in ſhort,. That he would not permit Mr.
and to that Purpoſe had a Pafs from Harding to come to him, nor would be
his Uncle, the Earl of Elex; for have any Treaty with the King, kaving
him;' Monſieur Richauté a French- receiv'd no Warrant for it from the
man, who had been his Governor; Parliament Upon which; Richaute
and two' Servants, to embark at Ply- enlarged himſelf upon fome Particu-
mouth; and being now with the King, lars, which Mr: Harding was to have
it was neceffary to paſs through the urg'd, Of the King's Deſire of Peace,
Earl's Quarters
. By him the King of the Concurrence of all the Lords, as
vouchſafed to write a Letter with his well thoſe at Oxford, as in the Army,
own Hand to the Earl, in which hë in the ſame Defire of preſerving the
told him,
Kingdom from a Conqueſt by the Scots ;
How much it was in his power to and other Difcourſe-to that Parpoſe;
reſtore that Peace to the Kingdom, And of the King's Readineſs to give bim
which he had profeſſed atways to defire any Security for the Performance of all
and upon ſuch Conditions, as did fully he had promiſed. To which the Earf
comply with all thoſe Ends for which the anſwer'd fulienlý, That according to
Parliament bad first taken up Armst the Commiſſion be had receivid, he would
For bis Majeſty was ſtill ready to ſatisfy defend the King?s•Perſon, and Posterity ;
all thoſe Ends; but that ſince the Inve- and that the beſt Counſel be could give
fion of the Kingdom by the Scots, all his bin was, to go to his Parliament.
Gvertures of Peace had been rejected; As ſoon as the King receiv'd this
żwhich muſt prove the Deſtruction of the Account of his Letter, and ſaw there
Kingdom, if he did not, with his Auia was nothing to be expected by thoſe
thority and Power, diſpoſe thoſe at Addreſſes; he refolvd to puſh it on
Weſtminſter to accept of a Peace that the other Way, and to fight with the
might préſerve" it ; with all thoſe Ar- Enemy as ſoon as was poſible and fo
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 361
the next Day, drew up all his Army fallen upon a Party of the Earl's
in Sight of the Enemy; and had Horſe, and killd mapy, and taken
many Skirmiſhes between the Horſe others Priſoners, and preſented him-
of both Armies, til the Enemy quit- ſelf to the King at Boconnockes giving
ted that Pare of a large Heath upon his Majeſty an Account of his Pro
which they ſtood, and retired to a ceedings, and a Particular of his For-
Hill near the Park of the Lord Mo-
ces; which, after all the high Diſ-
kun, at Boconnocke; they having the courſes, amounted really to eighteen
Poffeſion of his Houſe, where they hundred Foot, and ſix hundred
quarter'd conveniently. That Night Horſe; above one hundred of which
both Armies, after they had well were of the Queen's Troop (left be-
view'd each other, lay in the Field; hind when her Majeſty embark'd for
and many are of Opinion, that if the France) under the Command of
King had that Day vigorouſly ad- Captain Edward Bret; who had
vanced upon the Enemy, to which done very good Service in the
his Army was well inclined, though Weſtern Parts of that Country, from
upon fome Diſadvantage of
, Ground, the Time of the Queen's Departure,
they would have been eaſily defeated: and much confirm'd the Train'da
For the King's Army was in good Bands of thoſe Parts. This Troop
Heart, and willing to engage; on was preſently added to the King's.
the contrary, the Earl's ſeem'd much Guards under the Lord Bernard Siz-
ſurprized, and in Confuſion, to ſee art, and Captain Bret was made
the others Army ſo near them. But Major of that Regiment.
ſuch Cenſures always attend ſuch Though the Earl of Eſſex had buc
Conjunctures, and find fault for what narrow Room for his Quarters for lo
is not done, as well as that which is great an Army of Horſe and Foot,
done.
yet he had the good Town of Foy,
The next Morning the King called and the Sea to friends by which he
a Council, to conſider whether they might reaſonably allure himſelf of
ſhould that Day compel the Enemy to Store of Proviſions, the Parliament
Fight; which was concluded not to Ships having all the Juriſdiction
be reaſonable; and that it was better there; and ſo, if he preſerv'd his
to expect the Arrival of Sir Richard Poſt, which was ſo ſituated that he
Greenvil; who was yet in the Weſt could not be compelled to Fight
of Cornwal, and had a Body of eight without giving 'him great Advan-
thouſand Hörſe and Foot, as was re- tage, he might well conclude, that
ported, though they were not near Waller, or ſome other Force fent
that Number. It was hereupon or-, from the Parliament, would be ſhort,
der'd, that all the Foot ſhould be ly upon the King's Back, as his Ma-
preſently drawn into the Incloſures jeſty was upon his : And no que-
between Boconnocke" and the Heath; ftion, this rational Confidence was a
all the Fences to the Ground of that great Motive to him to neglect all
Country being very good Breaft- Overtures made to him by the King;
works againſt the Enemy. The beſides the Punctuality and Stubborn-
King's head Quarter was made at the neſs of his own Nature; which who-
Lord Mohun's Houſe, which the Earl ſoever was well acquainted with him,
of Eſſex had kindly quitted, when might eaſily have foreſeen, what El-
the King's Army advanced the Day feet all thoſe Applications would have
before. The Horſe were .quarter'd, produced. It was therefore now re-
for the moſt part, between Liſard ſolv'd to make his Quarters yet
and the Sea ; and, every Day, com- ſtreighter, and to cut off even his
pelled the Earl's Forces to retire, and Proviſions by Sea, or a good Part
to lodge cloſe together; and in this thereof. To which Purpoſe Sir
Poſture both Armies lay in View of Richard Greenvil drew his Men from
cach other for three or four Days. Bodmin, and poffeffed himſelf of
Sir Richard Greenvil was now come Lanhetherick, a ſtrong Houſe of the
up to the Poſt where he ſhould be ; Lord Roberts, two Miles Weft of
and, at Bodmin, in his March, had Boconnocke, and over the River that
106
* Y
runi
362
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
funs to Liſtithiel, and thence to Foy, and, among the reſt, a riſing Ground
and likewiſe to Reprime-Bride; by called Beacon-Hill; which they no
which the Enemy was not only de- ſooner-quitted, than the King pofter.
priv'd of that uſeful Out-let, but a ſed; and immediately cauſed a ſquare
Tafe Communication made between Work to be there raiſed, and 'a Batte-
him and the King's Army, which ry made, upon which ſome Pieces of
was before interrupted. And on the Cannon were planted, that ſhot into
other Side, which was of more Im- ' their Quarters, and did them great
portance, Sir Jacob Affley, with a Hurt; when their Cannon, though
good Party of Horſe and Foot made they return’d twenty Shot for one,
himfelf Maſter of View-Hall, another did very little or no 'Harm.
Houſe of the Lord Mobun's over a And now the King's Forces had a
gainſt Foy, and of Pernon-Fort, a full Proſpect over all the others Quar-
Mile below.it, at the Mouth of the ters; faw, how all their Foot and
Haven; both which Places he found Horſe were diſpoſed, and from
*fo tenable, that he put Captain Page whence they receiv'd all their Forage
"into the one, and Captain Garraway and Proviſions ; which when clearly
into the other, with two hundred · view'd and obſerv'd, Goring was ſent
commanded Men, and two or three with the greateſt Part of the Horſe,
Pieces of Ordnance; which theſe two and fifteen hundred Foot, a little
Captains made good, and defended Weſtward to St. Blaſe, to drive the
ſo well, that they made Foy utterly Enemy, yet cloſer together, and to
uſeleſs to Elex, fave for the quarter- cut off the Proviſions they receiv'd
ing his Men; not ſuffering any Pro- from thence; which was ſo well exe-
viſions to be brought in to him from cuted, that they did not only poſſeſs
the Sea that Way. And it was ex- themſelves of St. Aujtel, and the
ceedingly wonder'd at by all Men, Weſterly Part of St. Blaſe, but like-
that he being ſo long poffefs'd of Foy, wiſe were Maſters of the Parr' near
did not put ſtrong Guards into thoſe St. Blaſe; whereby they depriv'd
Places ; by which he might have pre- them of the chief Place of Landing
vented his Army's being brought in their Proviſions which came by Sea.
to thote extreme Neceſſities, they And now the Earl begun to be very
Shortly after fell intos which might ſenſible of the ill Condition he was
eaſily be foreſeen, and as eaſily, that in, and diſcern'd that he ſhould not
Way, have been prevented. be able long to remain in that Po.
Now the King had Leiſure to ſit ſture; beſides, he had receiv'd Ad-
ſtill, and warily to expect what Stra- vertiſement that the Party which was
tagem the Earl would make uſe of, ſent for his Relief from London, had
to make fome. Attempe upon his Ar- receiv'd ſome Bruſh in Somerſethire,
my, or to make his own Eſcape. In which would much retard his March;
this Poſture both Armięs lay ftill, and therefore it behov'd him to enter
without any notable Action, for the upon new Counſels, and to take new
Space of eight or ten Days; when the Reſolutions.
King ſeeing no better Fruit from all It is very true, the Defeat at Cro-
that was hitherto done, . reſolvid to predy (in which there did not appear
draw his whole Army together, and to be one thouſand kill'd, or taken
to make his own Quarters yet much Priſoners) had ſo totally broken Wal.
hearer, and either.to force Elex toler's Army, that it could never be
Fight,, or to be uneaſy eyen in his brought ço Fight after ; but when he
: Quarters. And it was high Time to had march'd at a Diſtance from the
do ſo; for it was now certain, thatei- King, to recover the broken Spirits
ther Wäller himſelf, or ſome other of his Men, and heard that his Ma-
Forces, were already upon their jefty had march'd directly towards
March towards the Weſt. With this the Weſt, obſerving likewiſe that
Reſolution the whole Army advanced - every Night very many of his Men
in ſuch a Manner, that the Enemy run from himn; he thought it neceſ-
was compeli'd ſtill to retire before ſary to go himſelf to London, where
theni, and' to quit their Quarters; he made grievous. Complaints againſt
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 363
tenance.
1
+
the Earl of Eſſex, as if he had pur-* had the Purſuit of them two or three
poſely expoſed him to be affronted . Miles, in which Major Carr, who
all which was greedily hearken'd to, commanded the Party, and many
and his Perſon receivid, and created, other Officers, were taken; and ma-
as if he had return’d victorious after ny.others deſperately wounded; and
having defeated the King's Army : recover'd all that they had taken:
Which was a Method very contrary Which ſharp. Encounters, where al-
to what was uſed in the King's Quar: ways many more Men are loſt, than
ters, where all accidental Misfortunes, are kill'd, or taken Puiſoners,. puc
how inevitable ſoever, were ſtill at: ſuch a Stop to Middleton's March,
tended with very apparent Diſcoun- that he was glad to retire back to
Sherborne, that he might refreſh the
But when he went himſelf to Lon- Wearineſs, and recover the Spirits of
don, or preſently upon it, he ſent his his Men. This was the Defeat op
Lieutenant General Middleton, with Obſtruction, which the Earl of Eljet
a Body of three thouſand Horſe and » had Intelligence that the Forces had
Dragoons, to follow the King into met with coming to his Relief; and
the Weſt, and to wait upon his Rear, which made him deſpair of any Sucm
with Orders to reduce in his Way cour that Way.
Donnington-Caſtle, the Houſe of a When the Earl found himſelf in
private Gentleman near Newbury, in this Condition, and that, within very
which there were a Company or two few Days, he muſt be without any
of Foot of the King's; and which Proviſions for his Army; he reſolv'd,
they believ'd would be deliver'd up, that Şir William Balfour thould uſe
as ſoon as demanded; being a Place, his utmoſt Endeavour to break
as they thought, of little Strength. through his whole Body of Horſe,
But Middleton found it ſo well de- and to ſave them the beſt he could;
fended by Colonel Bois, who was and then that he himſelf would em-
Governor of it, that after he had loft bark his Foot at Foy, and with them
at leaſt three hundred Officers and eſcape by Seå. And two Foot Sol.
Soldiers, in attempting tº take it, diers of the Army, whereof one was
be was compellid to recommend it to a Frenchman, came over from them,
the Governor of Abingdon, to ſend and aſſured the King, That they in-
an Officer and fome Troops to block tended, thai Night, to break through
it up from infeſting that great Road with ibeir. Horſe, which were all then
into the Weſt; and himſelf profecu- drawn on that Side the River, and
ted his March to follow the King. Town of Liſtichiel ; and that the Foot
In Somerſeiſire, he heard of great were to march to Foy, where they
Magazines of Proviſions, made for should be embark'd. This Intelligence
the Supply of the King's Army, agreed with what they otherwiſe re-
which were ſent every Day by ſtrong ceiv'd, and was believ'd as it ought
Convoys to Exeter, there to wait far- io be; and thereupon, Order was
ter Orders. To ſurprize theſe Pro- given, That both Armies (for that
viſions he ſent Major Carr, with five under Prince Maurice, was look'd
hundred Horſe; who fell into the upon as diſtinct, and always fo quara
Village where the Convoys was, and ter’d) ſhould ſtand to their Arms all
was very like to have maiter'd them, that Night; and if the Horſe attempt-
when Sir Francis Doddington, with a ed an Eſcape, fall on them from both
Troop of Horſe, and ſome Foot from Quarters; the Paſſage between them,
Bridgwater, came ſeaſonably to their through which they muſt go, being
Relief;, and after a ſharp Conflict, but a Mufquet-ſhot over, and they
in which two or three good Officers could not avoid going very near a
of the King's were kili'd, and, a- litrle Cottage, that was well fortifieds
mong them, Major
. Killigrew, a ve- in which fifty Muſqueteers were pla-
ry hopeful young Man, the Son of a ced. Advertiſement was ſent to Go-
gallant and moſt deſerving Father, ring, and all the Horſe ; and the
he totally routed the Enemy; killid Orders renew'd, which had formerly
thiriy or forcy upon the Place; and been given, for the breaking down
the
1
364
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Bridges, and cutting down the shiel, and march'd towards Fly; hav-
Trees near the Highway, to obſtruct ing left Order for the breaking down
their Paffage.
that Bridge. But his Majeſty him-
The Effect of all this Providence ſelf from his new Fort diſcern'd it,
was nor fuch as was reaſonably to be and ſent a Compamy of Muſqueteers,
expected. The Night grew dark who quickly beat thoſe that were
and miſty, as the Enemy could wiſh; left; and thereby preſery'd the
and about three in the Morning, the Bridge; over which the King pre-
whole Body of the Horſe paſed with ſently marchd to overtake the Rear
great Silence between the Armies, of the Army, which march'd ſo faſt,
and within Piſtol-ſhot of the Cottage, yet in good Order, that they left two
without lo much as one Muſquet dil. Demi-Culverins, and two other very:
charg'd at them. At the break of good Guns, and ſome Ammunition,
Dáy, the Horſe were diſcover'd to be diſpoſed of by the King. That
rarching over the Heath, beyond Day was ſent in ſmart Skirmiſhes, in
the Reach of 'the Foot; and there which many fell ;' and if the King's
was only at hand the Earl of Cleve- Horſe had been more, whereof he
land's. Brigade, the Body of the had only two Troops of his Guards
King's Horſe being at a greater Dic (which did good Service) it would
Atánce. That Brigade, to which ſome have prov'd a bloody Day to the E.
öcker Troops which had taken the nemy: The Night coming on, the
Alarm joynd, follow'd them in the King "lay in the field, his own
Rear; and kill'd fome, and took Quarters being ſo near the Enemy,
more. Priſoners : But ſtronger Par- that they diſcharged many Cannon
ties of the Enemy, frequertly turning Shot, which fell within few Yards of
upon them, and the whole Body of him, when he was at Supper. Sunday
ten making a Stand, they were often being the next Day, and the firſt
compelled to retire ; yet follow'd in Day of September, in the Morning,
that Manner, 'that they kill'd and Butler, Lieutenant Colonel to the
took about a hundred; which was Earl of Elex, who had been taken
the greateſt Damage they ſuſtain’d Priſoner at Bcconnocke, and was, ex-
in their whole March. The Notice changed for an Officer of the King's,
and Orders came to Goring, when he came from the Earl to deſire a Parley.
was in one of his jovial Exerciſes; As ſoon as he was ſene: away, the
which he receiv'd with Mirth, and Earl embark'd himſelf, with the
nighting thoſe who ſent them, as Lord Roberts, and ſuch other Ofi-
Men 'who took Alarms too warmly; cers as he had moſt Kindneſs for, in
and he continued his Delights, till a Vefſel at Foy; and ſo eſcaped into
all the Enemies Horſe were paffed Plymouth; leaving all his Army of
through his Quarters ; nor did then Foot, Cannon, and Ammunition, to
purſue them in any Time. So that, the Care of Major General Skippon ;
excepting ſuch who, by the tiring who was to make as good Conditions
of their Horſes, became Priſoners, for them as he could ; and after a
Balfour continued his March even to horç Stay in Plymouth, he went on
London, with leſs Loſs or Trouble board a Ship of the Royal Navy, that
than can be imagin’d, to the infinite attended there, and was, within few
Reproach of the King's Army, and Days, deliver'd at London ; where he
of all his Garriſons in the Way: was receiv'd without any Abatement
Nor was any Man called in Queſtion of the Reſpect they had conſtantly
for this ſupine Neglect; it being not paid him; nor was it leſs than they
thought fit to make ſevere Inquiſition could have ſhew'd to him, if he had
into the Behaviour of tlié reft, when not only brought back his own Ara
it was fo 'notoriouſly known, how my, but the King himſelf. likewiſe
the-fuperior Officer had failed in his with him.
Duty.
The King conſented to the Parley
The next Morning, after the upon which a Ceſſation was conclud-
Horſe 'were gone, the Earl drew all ed; and Hoſtages interchangably de-
his Foot together, and quitted-Lifti liver'd; and then the - Enemy ſent
Pro-
in the :
• ,
Reign of King CHARLES I. 305
Propoſitions, ſuch as upon Delivery curr'd and agreed ſo well together,
of a ſtrong fortified Town, after a that they prevail'd with the reſt to do
handſome Defence, are uſually grant- every thing that was neceffary. They
ed. . But they quickly found they cauſed Proviſions of Corn to be laid
were not look'd upon as Men in that in, in great Proportions s afligning
Condition ; and ſo, in the End, they the publick Schools to that purpoſes
were contented to deliver up all their and committing the Cuſtody of them
Cannon; which, with the four taken to the owners of the Corn. They
two or three Days before, were eight had raiſed ſo many Voluntiers, that
and thirty Pieces of Cannon; and a their Guards were well kept, and
hundred Barrels of Powder, with there was need they ſhould be fo;
Match and Bullets proportionable ; for when both the Parliament Ar-
and about fix thouſand Arms; which mies were before the Town, Major
being done, The Officers were to have General Brown, a Citizen of London.
Liberty to wear their Swords, and to of good Reputation, and a ſtout Man,
paſs with their Money, and proper had been left in Abingdon with a :
Goods; and to ſecure them from Plin- ſtrong Garriſon ; 'from whence, bea:
der, they were to have a Convoy to ing ſuperior in Number, he infeſted
Poole, or Southampton; all their Oxford very much ; which gave them
fick and wounded might ſtay in Foy the more Reaſon to profecute the
till they were recover'd, and then have Fortifications; which, in the moſt
Palles to Plymouth.
important Places, they brought to a.
This Agreement was executed ac- good Perfection; and when they had
cordingly, on Monday the Second of no more Apprehenſion of a Siege,
September, and though it was near the Waller being at a Diſtance, and not
Evening before all was finiſh'd, they able to follow the King, and leſs able
would march away that Night; and to ſit down before. Oxford, they re-
though all Care was taken to preſerve foly'd to do ſomewhat to be talked
them from Violence, yet firſt at Li- of.
ſtitbiel, where they had been long The King bad, before his Depar-
quarter'd, and in other Towns ture, found they were not ſatisfied ?
through which they had formerly with their Governor, and very appre-
pafled, the Inhabitants, eſpecially henſive of his Rudeneſs, and Want":
the Women, who pretended to fee of Complacency. Upon the Death
their own Cloaths and Goo is about of Sir William Penniman, who had.
Thein, which they had been plunder'd been Governor of Oxford, her Maje-
of, treated them very rudely, even to fty, who thought herſelf the ſafer for
ſtripping of ſome of the Soldiers, being under the Care of a Roman..
and more of their Wives, who had Catholick, prevailed with the King,
before behaved themſelves with great to confer that Charge upon Sir Ar-
Inſolence in the March. That Night. thur Afton; who had been at Rea-
there came about one hundred of ding, and had the Fortune to be very
them, to
the King's Army, and much efteem'd, where he was noc
of the fix thouſand, for ſo marý known; and very much diſliked
march'd out of Foy, there did not a where he was; and he was by this
third Part come to Southampton; Time too well known at Oxford, to
where the King's Convoy left them; be belov'd by any; which the King
to which Skippon gave a large Teſti- well underſtood, and was the more
mony under his Hand, That they had troubled, becauſe he ſaw the Preju-
carried themſelves with great Civility. dice was univerſal, and with too
towards them, and fully complied with much Reaſon; and therefore his Ma-
their Obligation.
jeſty had given an extraordinary
Whilſt the King was in the Weſt, Commiſion to the Lords of his Coun-
though he had left Oxford in a very ill cil, to whoſe Authority he was to
State, in refpect of Proviſions, and ſubmit, which obliged him to live
Fortifications, and Soldiers; yet, in with a little more Reſpect. towards
his Abſence, they who were follici- then, than he deſir'd to do; -being
tous to carry on his Service, a Man of a rough Nature, and to
107
given
- con-
4 Z
360
Thie. Hiſtory of the Rebellion
given up to an immoderate Love of ſuffer bis Perſo», end a place front
Money, that he cared not by what whence tbe Rebels receiv'il ſo much pre-
unrighteous Ways he exacted it. judice, to fall into iheir lands. . The
There were likewiſe ſome Officers of Lady Marchioneſs, his Wife, was ihen.
Name, who, having then no Charge in Oxford; and ſollicited very dili-
in the Army, ſtay'd in the Town; gently the timely Prefervasion of her
and thoſe, by the King's Direction, Husband ; which made every body
the Lords diſpoſed to aſſilt the Go- defire to gratify her, being a Lady
vernor; and particularly, to take of great Honour and Alliance, as Si-
Care of the ſeveral Quarters of the ſter to the Earl of Eſex, and to the
Town; one whereof was aſſign’d to Lady Marchioneſs of Hertford; who
each of them : Among them, Co was likewiſe in the Town, and enga-
lonel Gage was one; who having the ged her Husband to take this Buſineſs
Engliſh Regiment in Flanders, had to heart; and all the Roman Catho-
got
leave there to make Offer of his licks, who were numerous in the
Service to the King; and to that Town, lock'd upon themſelves as coa-
purpoſe was newly come from thence cern'd to contribute a!l they .could
to Oxford. Of this Gentleman, the to the good work, and ſo offer'd to
Lords of the Council had a ſingular liſt themſelves, and their Servants in
Eſteem, and conſulted frequently the Service.
with him, whilſt they look'd to be The Council, both upon publiek
beſieg'd ; and thought Oxford to be and private Motives, was very hear-
the more ſecure for his being in it; tily diſpołed to effect it; and had fe-
which render'd him ſo ungrateful to veral Conferences together, and with
the Governor, Sir Arthur, that he the Officers ; in all which the Gover-
croffed him in any Thing he propo nor too reaſonably oppoſed the De-
ſed, and hated him perfectly; as they ſign, As full of rizore Difficulties, and
were of Natures, and Manners, as liable to greater D.images, than any
different as Men can be.
Soldier who underſtood Command, would
The Garriſon of Baling-Houſe, the expoſe himſelf and the King's Service
Seat of the Marquis of Wincheſter, in to; and proteſted, Tkat be would not
which himſelf was and commanded, Suffer any of the ſmall Garriſon that
had been now ſtreightly beſieg'd, for was under bis Charge, to be bazarded
the Space of above three Months, by in the Attempt. It was very true, Ba-
a Conjunction of the Parliament ſing was near forty Miles from Oxford,
Troops of Hampſhire and Suſſex, un and in the Way between them, the
der the Command of Norton, Onſow, Enemy had a : ſtrong Girriſon of
Jarvis, Whitehead, and Morley, all Horſe and Foot år. Abingdon, and as
Colonels of Regiments, and now uni- ſtrong at Reading, whoſe Horſe every
ted in this Service under the Com- Day viſited all the High-ways near,
mand of Norton ; a Man of Spirit, beſides a Body of Horſe and Dra-
and of the greateſt Fortune of all the goons Quarter'd at Newbury; ſo th:1t
reſt. It was ſo cloſely begirt before it appear’d to moft Men hardly pof-
the King's March into the Weſt, fible to ſend a Party to Baſing, and
and was look'd upon as a Place of impoſſible for that Party to return to
luch Importance, that when the King Oxford, if they ſhould be able to get
fent Notice to Oxford of his Refolu to Bafing :Yet new Importunities
tion to march into the Weſt, the from the Marquis, with a poſitive De-
Council humbly deſired his Majeſty, claration, That be could not defend it
That be would make Baſing his Way, above teil Days, and muft then ſubmit
and thereby relieve it, which his Ma to the worſi Conditions the Rebels were
jeſty found would have retarded his like to grant to his Perſon, and to his
March too much, and might have Religion ; and new inſtances from his
invited Waller the ſooner to follow Lady ; prevailed with the Lords to
him; and therefore declin'd it. From
enter upon a new Conſultation ; in
that Time, ĉhe Marquis, by frequent which the Governor perdited in his
Expreſſes, imporcuned the Lords of old Reſolution, as ſeeing no Cauſe to
the Council, *To provide, in ſome change ic..
Manner, for his Relie! ; and 3.0! 10 In this Debate Colonel Gage de-
clared,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 36
clared, That though he thought the other Side; the Marquis being de-
Sirvice full of Hazard, eſpecially for fir'd at the fame Time to make fre-
the Return; yet if the Lords. would, quent Sallies from the Houſe.
by lifting their own Servants, per-
After fome Hours of Refretiment
Swade tbe Gentlemen of the Town to do in the Morning, and ſending this
the like, and engage their own Perſons, Expreſs to Wincheſter, the Troops
whereby a good Troop or two of Horſe marched through by-Lanes to Aldeg-
anighi be raiſed, he would willingly, if maſton, a Village out of any great
there were no body elſe thought fitter Road; where they intended to take
for it, undertake the Conduct of these inore reſt that Night. They had
bimſelf; and hoped he ſhould give a marched, from the Time they left
good Account of it : Which being
Which being Oxford, with Orange-Tawny Scarfs
oferd with great Chearfulneſs, by a and Ribbands, that they might be
Perſon, of whole Prudence as well as taken for the Parliament Soldiers ;
Courage, they had a full Confidence, and hoped by that Artifice, to have
they all reſolvid to the utmoſt that paſſed undiſcover'd even to the Ap-
was in their power to make it effec- proach upon the Beſiegers. But the
tual. :
Party of Horſe which was ſent before
There was about this Time; by the to Alderneaton, found there ſome of
Surrender of Greenland-Houſe, the the Parliament Horſe, and forgetting
RegimentofColonel Hawkins march'd their Orange-Tawny Scarfs, fell up-
into Oxford, amounting to near three on chem; and killed fome, and took
hundred; to which as many others fix or ſeven Priſoners; whereby the
joyn’d as made it up four hundred Secret was diſcover'd, and Notice
Men. The Lords mounted their quickly ſent to Baſing of the ap-
Servants upon their own Horſes 3 and proaching Danger; which Accident
they, with the Voluntiers, who frank- made their Stay ſhorter at that Village
ly lifted themſelves, amounted to a than' was intended; and than the
Body of two hundred and fifty very Wearineſs of the Soldiers required:
good Horſe, all put under the Com- About eleven of the Clock, they be-
mand of Colonel William Web, an gun their March agains, which they
excellent Oficer, bred up in Flana continued all that Night; the Horſex
ders in ſome Emulation with Colonel men often alighting, that the Foot
Gage; and who, upon the Catholick might ride, and others taking many
Intereſt, was at this Time contented of them behind them; however they
to ſerve under him. With this ſmall could not but be extremely weary.
Party for ſo great an Action, Gage Between four or five of the Clock
marched out of Oxford in the Begin- on Wedneſday. Morning; it having
ning of the Night; and, by the been Monday Night that they left
Morning, reached the Place where Oxford, they arriv'd within a Mile
he intended to refreſh himſelf and his of Baſing; where an Officer, ſent
Troops; which was a Wood near from Sir William Ogle, came to them
Wallingford; from whence he dif- to let them know, That be durft not
patched an Expreſs to Sir William Qt ſend bis Troops so far, in regard many
gle, Governor of Wincheſter; who of the Enemies Horſe lay between Win-
had made a Promiſe to the Lords of cheſter and Baſing. This broke all
the Council, That, whenfoever they the Colonel's Meaſures ; and ſince
would endeavour the.raiſing of the Siege there was no receding, made him
before Baſing, be would ſend one hun change the whole Method of his
dred Horſe, and.three hundred Foot out Proceedings; and inſtead of dividing
of his Garriſon. for their Aſiſtance ; his Forces, and falling on in ſeveral
and a Preſumption upon this Aid, Places, as he meant to have done, if
was the principal Motive for the Un- the Wincheſter Forces had comply'd
dertaking: And ſo he was directed, with their Obligation,
or if his
at what Hour in the Morning his March had been undiſcover'd, he re-
Party ſhould fall into Bafing Park, folv'd now to fall on joyntly with all
in the Rear of the Rebels Quarters; his Body at one Place; in order to
whilft Gage himſelf would fall on the which, he commanded the Men to be
ranged
368
I
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Arms
ranged in Battalions; and rid to every Wheat, Malt, Osts, Salt, Bacon,
Squadron, giving them ſuch Words Cheefe, and Butter;
as much of
as were, proper to the Occaſion ; which, was all that Day fent, to the
which no Man could more pertinent- Houſe, as they could find Carts or
ly deliver, or with a better Grace : Horſes to tranſport, together with
He commanded every Man to tye a fourteen Barrels of Powder, and ſome
white Tape Ribband, or Handker- Muſquets, and forty or fifty Head of
chief above the Elbow of their right Cattle, with above one hundred
and gave them the Word, Sheep: Whilſt the other Party, that
St. George; which was the Sign and went to Baſing-Town, beat the Ene-
the Word that he had ſent before to my that was quarter'd there, after
the Marquis, left, in his Sallies their having kill'd forty or fifty of them;
Men, for Want of Diſtinction, ſome fed into the Church, where
might fall foul of each other. they were quickly taken Priſoners;
Thus they marched towards the and, among them, two Captains,
Houſe, Colonel Web leading the Jarviſe and Jephſon, the two eldeſt
right Wing, and Lieutenant Colonel Sons of two of the greateſt Rebels of
Bunkley the left of the Horſe; and that Country, and both Heirs of
Gage himſelf the Foot; they had not good Fortunes, who were carried
marched far, when at the upper End Priſoners to Baſing-Houſe; the reſt,
of a large Campaign Field, upon a who beſieged that Side, being fled
little riſing of a Hill, they diſcern'd into a ſtrong Fort which they had
a Body of five Cornets of Horſe very raiſed in the Park. The Colonel
full, ſtanding in very good Order to ſpent that, and the next Day, in
receive them. But before any Im- ſending all manner of Proviſions into
preſſion could be made upon them, the Houſe ; and then reaſonably
the Colonel muſt paſs between two computing that the Garriſon was well
Hedges lind very thick with Muſ: provided for two Months, he thought
queteers; from whom the Horſe ve- of his Retreat to Oxford; which it
very couragiouſly bore a ſmart Vol. was Time to do: For beſides that
ley, and then charged the Enemies Norton had drawn all his Men toge-
Horſe ſo gallantly, that, after a ther, who had been diſmayed, with all
ſhorter Reſiſtance than was expected the Troops, which lay quarter'd with-
from the known Courage of Norton, in any Diſtance, and appear?d with-
though many of his Men fell, they in Sight of the Houſe more numerous
gave Ground; and at laſt plainly run and gay than before, as if he meant
to a fafe Place, beyond which they to be revenged before they parted,
could not be purſued. The Foot he was likewiſe well. inform'd by
diſputed the Buſineſs much better, the Perſons he had employed, that
and being beaten from Hedge to the Enemy from Abingdon had lodg-
Hedge, retired into their Quarters ed themſelves ai Aldermaſton, and
and Works; which they did not a- thoſe from Reading and Newbury, in
bandon in leſs than two Hours; and two other Villages upon the River
then a free Entrance into the Houſe Kennet, over which he was to paſs.
was gain'd on that Side, where the Hereupon, that he might take away
Colonel only ſtay'd to falute the Mar- the Apprehenſion that he meant ſud-
quis, and to put in the Ammunition denly to depart, he ſent out Orders,
he had brought with him, which was which he was ſure would come into the
only twelve Barrels of Powder, and Enemies Hands, to two or three Vil-
twelve hundred Weight of Match; lages next the Houſe, That they mould,
and immediately marched with his by the next Day-noon, ſend ſuch Pro-
Horſe and Foot to Baſing-ſtoke, a portions of Corn into Baſing. Houſe, as
good Market Town two Miles from were mention’d in the Warrants ; up-
the Houſe ; leaving one hundred on pain, if they failed by the Time, to
Foot to be led, by ſome Officers of bave a thouſand Horſe and Dragoons
the Garriſon, to the Town of Baſing, ſent to fire the Towns.
This being
a Village but a Mile diſtant. In done, and all his Men drawn toge-
Bajing.Stoke, they found Score of ther about eleven of the Clock at
0
Night,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 366
Night, Thurſday the ſecond Night af. traordinary Parts and Expectation, the
ter he came thither, the Marquis giving Son of a very wiſe and eminent Father,
him two or three Guides who knew was loſt, to the irreparable Damage of
the Country exactly, he marched from a noble Family.
Baling without ſound of Drum or After this great Succeſs, the King,
Trumpet, and paſſed the Kennet, un- thought thought fit to renew his Offer
diſcoverd, by a .Ford near a Bridge of Peace; and fent a Meſſage to the
which the Enemy had broke down; two Houſes of Parliament, to deſire
and thereby thought they had ſecured that there might be a Treaty to that
that Paſlage ; and then, marching Purpoſe;, which Meſſage was ſent by
by-Ways, in the Morning they like- a Trumpet to the Earl of Eſex, after
wiſe paſſed over the Thames, at a Ford his Repair to London, to be deliverid
little more than a Mile from Reading; by him, of which there was no Con-
and lo eſcaped the Enemy, and got fideration taken in three. Months after
beforé Night to Wallingford; where the Receipt of it. This done, the
he ſecurely' reſted, and refreſhed his King was perſwaded, in his Way, to
Men that Night; and the next Day look upon Plymouth; for ſo far it
arriv?d ſafe at Oxford; having loſt on- might be preſumed that the. Corniſh
ly two Captains, and two or three Troops, how impatient ſoeyer, they
other. Gentlemen, and Common Men; were to be at their Harveſt, would
in all to the Number of eleven; and attend him : . And if he could, by
forty or fifty wounded, but not dan- appearing before it, become Maſter
gerouſly : What Number the Enemy of it, which was not thought impro-,
loſt could not be known; but it was bable, he might return to Oxford in
believ'd, they loft many, beſides a- great Triumph, and leave the Weſt
bove one hundred Priſoners that were throughly reduced : For then Lyme
taken ; and it was confeſs'd by Ene-. could not hold out, and he might be
mies as well as Friends, that it was as ſure to carry an Army with hiń
ſoldierly an Action, as had been per- ſtrongly recruited ; but if it provid
form’d'in the War on either Side ; not a Work of Eaſe and Expedition,
and redounded very much to the Re- he might proceed in his March with
putation of the Commander.
out farther Stay; and he quickly
The next Day after the Army of found it neceſſary to do ſo; having
Elſex was gone, and diffolv'd, the ſent a Summons to the Town, and re-
King return'd to his Quarters at Bo- ceiv'd a rude Anſwer to it :
connocke, and ſtay'd there only a Day For the Earl of Elex had left the
to refreſh his Men ;. having fent, the Lord Roberts Governor of that Town ;
Day before, Greenvil, with the Cor- a Man of a furly Nature, a great O-
niß Horſe and Foot, towards Ply- piniatre, and one who muſt be over-
mouth, to joyn with Goring in the Púr- come, before he would believe that he
fuit of Balfour, and that Body of could be ſo. The King, finding no
Horſe; which, by paſſing over the Good could be done with him, and
Bridge near Saltafh, they might eaſily that the reducing the Town would re.
have done. But he nackend his quire ſome Time, purſued his former
March that he mght poſſeſs Salteſh, Reſolution, and marched away, hava
which the Enemy had quitted, and ing committed the Blocking up of
left therein eleven Pieces of Cannon, Plymouth to Sir Richard Greenvil.
with ſome Arms and Ammunition ; The King was now moſt intent to
which, together with the Town, was return into his Winter Quarters at
not worth his unwarrantable Stay. Oxford, which was all he could pro-
This kept him from joyning with Go- poſe to himſelf; in which he expected
ring ; who thereby, and for Want of to meet with all the Obſtructions and
thote Foot, excuſed his not fighting Difficulties his enraged Enemies could
with Balfour when he was within Di- lay in his Way. He knew well that
Itance; but contented himſelf with Waller was even ready to come out of
fending a Commanded Party to follow London, and that Middleton was retired
his Rear, and in that too eager Purſuit, from Tiverton to joyn with him; that
Capt. IWairman, a young Man of ex- they had ſent for the Earl of Manche-
108
5 A
ster
370
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
fter to march towards the Weſt with trance into Somerſetſhire; where the
his victorious Army : So that if he Commiſſioners of that County, had
long deferr'd his March, he muſt undertaken they ſhould be ready.
look to fight another Bittle, before he There was another Thing of equal
could reach Oxford. Notwithſtanding Importance to be provided for, before
all which, his Army that had been the King left Exeter ; which was, the
upon hard Duty, and had made long blocking up the Troops of Lyme ;
Marches above fix Months together, which were grown more inſolent by
requir'd ſome Reſt and Refreſhment; the Succeſs they had had; and made
the Foot were without Cloaths and Incurſions ſometimes even to the Walls
Shoes ; and the Horſe in ſuch ill Hu- of Exeter; and to reſtrain a ſtronger
mour, that without Money they would Garriſon in Taunton,
For: when
be more diſcontented. To provide Prince Maurice raiſed his Siege from
the beſt Remedy that could be applied Lyme, he had very unhappily drawn
to theſe Evils, the next Day after the out the Garriſon of Taunton, which
King march'd from Plymouth, himſelf, conſiſted of eight hundred Men, un-
attended only by his own Troop, and der the Command of Sir John Stawel;
the principal Officers of the Court, a Perſon of that eminent Courage and
went to Exeter ; appointing the Army, Fidelity, that he would never have
by'flow Marches, to follow, and to be given, it up; and left only fourſcore
quarter'd at Tiverton, and the other Men in the Caſtle to be kept by a
Towns adjacent; where they arrivd Lieutenant, whó bafely gave it up; as
on the 21ſt of September.
ſoon as Eſſex in his Paſſage demanded
His Majeſty now quickly diſcern'd it; for which he deſervedly afterwards
how continual hard Duty, with little fuiffer'd Death. And it was now, by
fighting, häd; lefſen'd and diminiſh'd the Garriſon the Earl put into it, and
his Army. His own Body of Foot, the extreme Malignity and Pride of
which when he enter'd Cornwal, were the Inhabitants, in both which they
above four thouſand, was at this Time exceeded, become a ſharp Thorn in
much fewer; and Prince Maurice's the sides of all that populous County.
which conſiſted of full four thouſand To remedy the firſt of theſe, ſome
five hundred, when the King firſt Troops which depended upon the
view'd them at Kirton, was not now Garriſon of Exeter, were aſſign'd and
half the Number. Of all the Forces were to receive Orders from Sir John
under Greenvil, which had made ſo Berkley, Governor thereof; who was
much Noiſe, and had been thought the more vacant for that Service by
worthy of the Name of an Army, the Reduction of: Barnſtable; which
there were only five hundred Foot, was done during the King's Stay at
and three hundred Horſe left with Exeter. The other of Taunton, was
him, for the blocking up Plymouth. more unhappily committed to Colonel
The King's Horſe were harraſs'd, and Windham, the Governor of Bridgewa-
many of them dead in the Marches; ter; who though a Gentleman of
which contributed to the Diſcontent known Courage and unqueſtionable Fi-
of the Riders; ſo that great Proviſions delity, by the Diviſions and Factions
were to be made before they could be in that Country, was not equal to the
gin a new March. By the Diligence Work. To diſpatch all this, the
and Activity of the Commiſſioners, King ſtaid not a full Week at Exeter;
appointed in Devonſhire for thoſe Af- but haſten'd his March to Chard in
fairs, his Majeſty was within few Days Somerſetſhiré, where he ſtay'd longer;
fupplied with twº thouſand Pounds in for which he paid dear after ; for he
Money; which was preſently diftri. might otherwiſe have reach'd Oxford,
buted among the Horſe ; and three before the Enemy was in a Con-
thouſand Suics of Cloaths, with good junction ſtrong enough to ſtop him :
Proportions of Shoes and Stockings; Yet even that Stay could not be pre-
which were likewiſe deliver'd to the vented, except he would have left the
Foot.
What remain'd yet wanting Money and Cloaths (which the Com-
for the Horſe and Foot, was proiniſed miſſioners of Somerjatkire promiſed,
to meet them, 'upon their firſt En- and did deliver there at laft) behind
him;
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
37 1:
+
This might very
him; which would not have been in his March to Oxford, to relieve
grateful to the Army.
Donnington-Caſtle, and Baſing; which
It was the laſt of September, that the was again beſiegʻd by almoſt the whole
King march'd from Chard; and quar- Army of the Enemy; and then to ſend
ter'd that Night at a Houſe of the a good Party to relieve Banbury,
Lord Paulet's, where Prince Rupert which had been cloſe beſieg'd by Co-
mer him, and gave him an Account lonel Fiennes, another Son of the
of the unhappy Affairs of the North, Lord Say, with all the Forces of North-
and that he had left about two hundred emptonſhire, Warwick, and Coventry;
Horſe, under the Command of Sir and bravely defended by Sir William
Marmaduke Langdale; which he Compton, full three Months; but by
might as well have brought with him, this Time reduced to the utmoſt Ex-
and then the King would have had a tremity.
glorious End of. his Weſtern Expedi In order to preſerve all this, the
tion. Prince Rupert preſently return’d King came to Saliſbury the fifteenth of
to Briſtol, with Orders, as ſoon as Oktober ; where he underſtood, That
was poſſible, to. march with thote Waller lay at Andover with his Troops 3
Northern Horſe under Sir Marmaduke that Mancheſter was advanced as far as
Langdale, and two thouſand Foot, Reading with five thouſand Horſe and
which were in Wales,. under Colonel Foot, and four and twenty Pieces of
Charles Gerrard; into Gloceſterſhire ; Ordnance; and that four Régiments
by which the Enemy might be obliged of the Trainºd-Bands of London, weré
to divide their Force, which if they beginning their March to him; and
ſhould ſtill keep united, the Prince that three thouſand of the Horſe and
from thence would be able to joyn Foot of the Earl of Eſex's Army were
with the King: But theſe Orders
But theſe Orders near Portſmouth, expecting Orders to
were not executed in Time. The joyn with the reſt.
King's Army at this Time conſiſted in well have diſpoſed his Majeſty to have
the whole but of five thouſand five haften'd his March to Oxford, which
hundred Foot, and about four thou- would have made a fair Concluſion of
ſand Horſe; and Waller was already the Campaign; and this was the more
come with his Hörſe to Blandford; reaſonable, becauſe here the King re-
but ſome of his Troops being beaten ceivid Letters from Prince Rupert, in
up by thoſe of the King's, he retired which he declar'd, That it was not
to shaftſbury, and thoſe Parts of Wilt- poſſible for him to bring up his Troops fo
shire adjacent. It concern’d the King soon as his Majeſty expezted; and in-
very much, before he left thoſe Parts, deed as his preſent Condition required :
to relieve Portland-Caſtle, which had And if this had been reſolvid, both
been now belieged from the Time of Donnington-Caſtle , and Banbury,
the Earl of Ellex's March that Way. might have been ſeaſonably ſet at Li-
To that Purpoſe, he march'd to Sher- berry; but a great Gayety poffeffed Go-
borne; where he itaid fix Days too ring, that he earneſtly adviſed the
long, though in that Time he raiſed King to march, with Secrecy and Ex-
the Siege before Portland-Caſtle, if he pedition, to beat Waller; who lay at
had not hoped by that, Delay that his Andover, a good Diſtance from the
Nephew Prince Rupert would have reſt, with three thouſand Horſe and
been well advanced in his March. Dragoons; which the King, upon the
Sir Lewis Dives was left with his own unanimous. Conſent of the Council,
Regiment of one hundred and fifty old conſented to.
Soldiers, and ſome Horſe in Sherborne He had left all the Cannon that he
Caſtle, and made Commander in chief had taken from Elex, in Exeter; and
of Dorſetſhire; in hope that he would now he ſent all his great Cannon. to a
be able ſhortly by his Activity and the Garriſon he had within two Miles of
very good Affection of that County, to Saliſbury at Langford, a Houſe of the
raiſe Men enough to recover Wey- Lord Gorges; where was a Garriſon
mouth : And he did perform all that of one hundred Men, commanded by
could be reaſonably expected from , a good Oficer. The reſt of the Cana
him. His Majeſty had a great Deſire, non and Carriages were left at Wilton,
the
372
Tie Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Houſe of the Earl of Pembroke, Newbury, within a Mile of Donning-
with a Regiment of Foot to guard. ton.
them; and the King appointed the The Blockade of Donnington-Caſtle
Rendezvous for the Army to be the had been left to the Care of Colonel
next Morning, by ſeven of the Clock, Horlon ; who for ſome Time was con-
near Ciarendon Park; and good Guards tented to block it up; but then find.
were ſet at all the Avenues of the City, ing his Summons neglected, and that
to keep all. People from going out, they had Store of Proviſions within,
that Waller might not have any No. and having an Addition of Forces from
tice of his Purpoſe : And if the Hour Abingdon and Reading, he reſolv'd to
of the Rendezvous had been obſerv'd, beſiege it; which he begun to do the
as it rarely was (though his Majeſty 29th of Septenber ; and made his Ap-
was himſelf the moſt punctual, and proaches, and rais’d a Battery on the
never abſent at the preciſe Time) that Foot of the Hill next Newbury, and
Deſign had ſucceeded to Wilh. For plyed it ſo with great Cannon, that,
though the Foot under Prince. Mau. after twelve Days continual ſhooting;
rice came not up till eleven of the he beat down three Towers, and a
Clock, ſo that the Army did not be- Part of the Wall;, which he believ'd
ĝin its March till twelve, yet they had ſo humbled the Governor and the
came within four Miles of Andover, Garriſon, that they would be no long-
before Waller had any Notice of their er ſo ſtubborn as they had been; and
Motions; when he drew out his whole therefore he ſent them another Sum-
Body towards theni, as if he meant to mons, in which he magnified his own
fight; but :upon View of their. Clemency, that prevaild with him,
Strength, and the good Onder they now they were even at his · Mercy, to
were in, he changed his Mind, and offer them Quartér. for their Lives, if
drew back into the Town ; leaving a they gave up the Caſtle. before Wedneſ.
ſtrong Party of Horſe and Dragoons day at ter of the Clock in the Morning i
to make.good his Retreat. But the but if that his Faujaur was not accepted;
"King's Van charged, and routed them be declar'd, in the Preſence of God,
with good Execution, and purſued that there ſhould no Man amongſt them
them through the Town, and New have bis Life.ſpard. The Governor
mapy of them in the Rear, until the made himſelf merry with his high
Darkneſs of the Night ſecur'd them, Threatning Language; and ſent him
and hinder'd the others from following. Word, He would keep the Place, and
farcher. But they were all. ſcatter'd, would neither give nor receive Quarter.
and came not quickly together again; At this Time, the Earl of Mancheſter
and the King quarter'd that Night at himſelf with his-Forces came to New-
Andover. The ſcattering this great bury; and receiving no better Anſwer
Body under Waller in this Manner, to his own Summons, that Horton had
and the little Rehſtance they made, ſo done before, he reſolv'd to Storm it
raiſed the Spirits of the King's Army,
the King's Army, the next Day. But his Soldiers being
that they deGr'd nothing more than to well inform'd of the Reſolution of
have a Battle with the whole Army of thole within, diclin'd that hoc Ser-
the Enemy; which the King meant vice; and plyed it with their Artillery
not to ſeek out, nor to decline figh- until the next Night; then remov'd
ing with them, if they put themſelves their Battery to the other Side of the
in his Way.. And ſo he reſolved to Caſtle; and begun their Approaches
raiſe the Siege of Donnington-Cattle, by Saps ; when the Governor made a
which was little out of his Way iu ftrorg Sally, and beat them out of
Oxford. To thac Purpoſe, he fint their Trenches, and kill'd a. Lieute-
Orders for the Cannon which had been
nant Colonel, who commanded in
left at Langford, and Wilton, to make chief, with many Soldiers; ſhot their
all Haſte to a Place appointed between chiet Cannoneer through the Head,
Andover and Newbury; where he ltaiờ brought away their Cannon-Baſkets,
with his Army, till they canie up to and many Arms, and retired with very
hiin; and then march'd cogether to little Loſs : Yet the next Night they
finith'd
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
. 55 3
1
finiſh'd their Battery; and continued found it beſt to make a Stand; where:
ſome Days their great Shot, till they' he furiouſly charged and routed them ;
heard of the Approach of the King's and, notwithſtanding they had lined
Army; whereupon they drew off their fome Hedges with Muſqueteers, pur-
Ordnance, and their Train’d-Bands of ſued them till they were ſcatter'd and
London being not yet come to them, totally diſperſed; their General, young
the Earl thought fit to march away to Fiennes, continuing his Flight, 'till
a greater Diſtance; there having been, he came to Coventry, without ſtaying.
in nineteen Days, above one thouſand The Foot, for the moſt Part, by dir-
great Shot ſpent upon the Walls, with perſing themſelves, eſcaped by the
out any other Damage to the Garriſon, Incloſures, before Colonel Gage could
than the beating down ſome old Part's come up. But there were taken, in the
thereof.
Chaſe, one Field.Piece, and three
When the King came to Newbury, Waggons of Arms and Ammunition ;
the Governor of Donnington attended many ſlaini; and two Officers of Horſe,
him; and was Knighted for his very with near one hundred other Priſo-
good Behaviour; and there was then ners, four Cornets of Horſe, and two
to little Apprehenſion of Dread of the hundred Horſes, were taken; and all
Enemy, that his Majeſty thought not this with the Loſs of one Captain and
of proſecuting his Journey towards nine Troopers; ſome Officers, and o-
Oxford, before he ſhould relieve both thers, being wounded, but not mor-
Rafing and Banbury. And now Im- tally. Thus the Siege was raiſed from
portunities being ſent from the laſt, Banbury; which had continued fuli
which was even upon the Point of thirteen Weeks'; fo notably defended,
rendring for Want of Victuals, they that though they had but two Horſes
having already eaten moſt of their left uneaten, they had never ſuffer'd a
Horſes, his Majeſty was well content Şummons to be ſent to them; and it
that the Earl of Northampton, who was now reliev'd the very Day of the
had the ſupreme Government of that Month upon which both Town and
Garriſon, where he had left his brave Caitle had been render'd to the King
Brother his Lieutenant, ſhould, with two Years before; being the 29th of
three Régiments of Horſe, attempt Detober.
the relieving it; Letters being ſent to Though the Relief of Banbury ſuc-
Oxford, That Colonel Gage, with ſome ceeded to Wiſh, yet the King paid
Horſe and Foot from thence, should meet dear for it ſoon after : The very Day
bim; which they did punctually; and after that Service was perform'd, Colo-
came Time enough to Banbiery before nel Hurry, a Scotsman, who had for-
they were expected : Yet they found merly ſerv'd the Parliament, and is
the Rebels Horſe (ſuperior in Number well mention'd, in the Tranſactions of
by much to theirs) drawn up in five the laſt Year, for having quitted them,
Bodies on the South-ſide of the Town, and perform'd fome ſignal Service to
near their Sconce; as if, upon the the King, had in the Weſt, aboạt the
Advantage of that Ground, theýTime the King enter'd into Cornwal
meant to fight, But two or three (in a diſcontented Humour, which was
Shots, made at them by a couple of very natural to him) deſired a Paſs to
Drakes brought from Oxford by Colo- go beyond the Seas; and ſo quitted
nel Gage; made them ftagger, and the Service : But inſtead of embark-
retire from their Ground very diſor- ing himſelf, made Hafte to London ;
derly. · Their Cannon and Baggage and put himſelf now in the Earl of
had been ſent out of the Town the Mancheſter's Army, and made a Diſco-
Night before; and their Foot, being very of all he knew of the King's
above ſeven hundred, run out of Ban-. Army, and a Deſcription of the Per-
bury upon the firſt Advance of the fons and Cuſtoms of thoſe who prin-
King's Troops. Colonel Gage with cipally commanded; ſo that as they
his Foot went directly to the Caſtle, well knew the Conſtitution, and
that they might be ſet at. Liberty; Weakneſs of the King's Army, they
whilſt the Earl of Northampton fol- had alſo Advertiſement of the Earl of
low'd the Horſe ſo cloſely, that they Northampton's being gone, with three
Regi-
!
IIO
5 B
374
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Regiments of Horſe, to the Relief of any Ground; and the Enemy was ſtill
Banbury. Whereupon, within two beaten off with Loſs.
Days after, all thoſe Forces which had On Sunday Morning, the ſeven and,
been under Elex and Waller, being twentieth of O&tober, by the break of
united with Mancheſter (with whom Day, one thouſand of the Earl of
likewiſe the Train’d-Bands of London Mancheſter's Army, with the Train'd-
were now joyn’d; all which made up Bands of London, came down the
a Body of above eight thouſand Foot; Hill; and paſſed the River that Way
the Number of their Horſe being not by Shaw; and, undiſcover'd, forced
inferior) advanced towards the King, that Guard which ſhould have kept
who had not half the Number before the Paſs near the Houſe; that was en-
the Departure of the Earl of Northamp- trenched where Sir Bernard Aſtley lay,
ton, and ſtay'd ſtill at Newbury with a who inſtantly, with a good Body of
Reſolution to expect the Return of that Muſqueteers, fell upon the Enemy;
Earl, that he might likewiſe do ſome- and not only routed them, but com-
what for Baſing; not believing that pelld them to rout two other Bodies of
the Enemy could be ſo ſoon united. their own Men, who were coming to
It was now too late to hope to make ſecond them.
In this Purſuit very
a ſafe Retreat to Oxford, when the whole many of the Enemy were Nain, and
Body of the Enemies Army, which many drown'd in the River, and above
had receiv'd poſitive Orders to fight two hundred Arms taken. There
the King as ſoon as was poſſible, ap- continued, all that Day, very warın
pear'd as near as Thackham; ſo that Skirmiſhes in ſeveral Parts; the Ene-
his Majeſty not at all diſmay'd, re- my's Army having almoſt encompaſſed
folv'd to ſtand upon the defenſive on the King's; till, about three of the
ly; hoping that, upon the Advantage Clock in the Afternoon, Waller with
he had of the Town of Newbury and his own, and the Forces which had
the River, the Enemy would not been under Elex, fell upon the Quar-
ſpeedily advance; and that in the ter at Speen, and paſſed the River ;
mean Time, by being compellid to which was not well defended by the
lodge in the Field, which grew now Officer who was appointed to guard it
to be very cold, whilſt his Army was
with Horſe and Foốt, very many of
under Cover, they might be forced to them being gone off from their Guards,
retire. The King quarter'd in the as never imagining that they would,
Town of Newbury; and placed ſtrong at that Time of Day, have attempted
Guards on the South of the Town; a Quarter that was thought the ſtrong-
but the greateſt Part of the Army was eft of all. But having thus got the Ri-
placed towards the Enemies Quarters, ver, they march'd in good Order,
in a good Houſe belonging to Mr. with very great Bodies of Foot, wing-
Doleman at Shaw, and in a Village ed with Horſe, towards the Heath;
near it, defended by the River that from whence the Horſe which were
runs under Donnington.Caſtle, and in left there, with too little Reſiſtance,
a Houſe between that Village and retir'd; being in truth much over-
Newbury, about which a Work was power'd, by reaſon the major Part of
caft up, and at a Mill upon the River them, upon Confidence of Security of
of Kennet; all which lay almoſt Eaſt the Paſs, were gone to provide Forage
from the Town. Directly North from for their Horſe.
thence were two open Fields, where By this Means, the Enemy poffef-
moſt of the Horſe ſtood with the Train fed themſelves of the Ordnance which
of Artillery, and about half a Mile had been planted there ; and of the
Weſt, was the Village of Speen; and Village of Speen; the Foot which were
beyond it a ſmall Heath. In this Vil- there, retir'd to the Hedge next the
lage lay all Prince Maurice's Foot, and large Field between Speen and Newbu-
ſome Horſe; and at the Entrance of ry; which they made good : At the
the Heath a Work was caſt up, which fame Time, the right Wing of the
clear'd the Heath. In this poſture Enemies Horſe advanced under the
they had many Skirmiſhes with the Hill of Speen, with one hundred Muf-
Enemy for two Days, without looſing queteers in the Van, and came into
the
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
375
the open Field, where a good Body of Brown with the Prince's Regiment of
the King's Horſe ſtood i which at Horſe; who did good Execution upon
firſt receiv’d then in ſome Diſorder; them, till he ſaw another Body of
but the Queen's Regiment of Horſe, their Horſe ready to charge him,
commanded by Sir John Cansfield, which made him retire to the Foot in
charged them with ſo much Gallan- Mr. Doleman's Garden, which flanked
try, that he routed that great Body; that Field, and give fire upon thoſe
which then fed ; and he had the Exe- Horſe, whereof many fell; and the
cution of them near half a Mile; Horſe thereupon wheeling about, Sir
wherein moſt of the Muſqueteers were fohn Brown" fell upon their Rear,
Nain, and very many of the Horſe; kill'd many, and kept that Ground alí
infomuch that that whole Wing ral- the Day; when the Reſerve of Foot,
lied not again that Night. The King commanded by Colonel Thelwell,
was at that Time with the Prince, and galld their Foot with ſeveral Vollies;
many of the Lords, and other his Ser- and then fell on them with the But-
vants, in the middle of the Field; and ends of their Muſquets, till they had
could not, by his own Preſence, re not only beaten them from the Hedg-
ſtrain thoſe Horſe, which at the firſt es, but quite out of the Field ; leaving
Approach of the Enemy were in that two Drakes, ſome Colours, and many
Diſorder, from ſhamefully giving dead Bodies behind them. At this
Ground. So that if Sir John Cansfield Time, a great Body of their Foot at-
had not, in that Article of Time, gi- tempted Mr. Doleman's Houſe, but
ven them that briſk Charge, by which were ſo well entertain'd by Lieutenant
other Troops were ready to charge Colonel Page, that after they had
them in the Flank, the King himſelf made their firſt Effort, they were
had been in very great Danger. forc'd to retire in ſuch Confuſion, that
At the ſame Time, the left Wing he purſued them from the Houſe with
of the Enemies Horſe advanced towards a notable Execution; infomuch that
the North-ſide of the great. Field; they left five hundred dead upon a lit-
but before they got thither, Goring, tle Spot of Ground; and they drew off
with the Earl of Cleveland's Brigade, the two Drakes out of the Field to the
chargʻd them ſo victoriouſly, that he Houſe, the Enemy being beaten off
forced them back in great Confuſion and retired from all that Quarter.
over a Hedge; and following them, It was now Night; for 'which nei-
was charg'd by another freſh Body; ther Party was ſorry; and the King,
which he defeated likewiſe, and few who had been on that Side where the
very many of the Enemy upon the Enemy only had prevailed, thought
Piace; having not only routed and that his Army had ſuffer'd alike in all
beaten them off their Ground; but en- other places. He ſaw they were en-
dur'd the Shot of three Bodies of their tirely poſſeſſed of Speen, and had ta-
Foot in their Purſuit; and in their ken all the Ordnance which had been
Retreat, with no conſiderable Damage, left there; whereby it would be eaſy
ſave that the Earl of Cleveland's Horſe for them, before the next Morning,
falling under him, he was taken Pri- to have compaſſed him round; towards
ſoner; which was an extraordinary which they might have gone far, if
Loſs. Whilſt this was doing on that they had found themfelves in a Condi-
Side, twelve hundred Horſe, and three tion to have purſued their Fortune.
thouſand Foot, of thoſe under the Earl Hereupon, as ſoon as it was Night,
of Mancheſter, advanced with great his Majeſty, with the Prince, and
Reſolution upon Shaw-Houſe, and the thoſe Lords who had been about him
Field adjacent; which Quarter was de- all the Day, and his Regiment of
fended by Sir Jacob Afley, and Colo. Guards, retired into the Fields under
nel George Liſe; and the Houſe, by Donnington-Caſtle, and reſolv'd to pro-
Colonei Page. They came ſinging of ſecute the Reſolution that was taken in
Pſalms; and, at firſt, drove forty the Morning, when they ſaw the great
Muſqueteers from a Hedge, who were Advantages the Enemy had in Num-
placed there to ſtop them; but they bers, with which he was like to be
were preſently charg'd by Sir John encompaſſed, if his Forces were beaten
from
1
376
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
from either of that Poſts. That Refo as Horſe, arriv'd at Wallingford ;
lution was, To march away in the where having refreſh'd a little, they
Night towards Wallingford; and to march'd to Oxford'; without ſeeing a-
that Purpoſe, all the Carriages, and ny Party of the Enemy that look'd af-
great Ordnance, had been that Morn- ter them,
ing drawn under Donnington-Caſtle ; Many made a Queſtion which Party
ſo he ſent Orders to all the Officers, to had the better of the Day; and neither
draw off their Men to the ſame Place; was well enough ſatisfied with their
and receiving Intelligence at that Time Succeſs. There could be no Queſtion
that Prince Rupert was come, or would there were very many more kill'd of
be that Night at Bath, that he might the Enemy, than of the King's Army;
make no Stay there, but preſently be whereof were miſſing, only Sir Wil-
able to joyn his Army, his Majeſty him- liam St. Leger, Lieutenant Colonel to
felf, with the Prince, and about three the Duke's Regiment of Foot; Lieu-
hundred Horſe, made Haſte thither; tenant Colonel Topping, and Lieute-
and found Prince Rupert there; and nant Colonel Leake, both Officers of
thence made what Haſte they could back Horſe, who were all there ſlain, with
towards Oxford. The Truth is, the not above one hundred Common Sol-
King's Army was not in ſo ill a Condi- diers, in all Places. The Earl of
tion, as the King conceiv’d it to have Brentford, General of the Army, was
been : That Party which were in the wounded on the Head; Sir John Cans-
Field near Speen, kept their Ground very field, Sir John Greenvil, and Lieute-
reſolutely; and although it was a fair nant Colonel Page, were wounded;
: Moon-ſhine Night, the Enemy, that but all recover'd. The Officers of the
was very near them, and much ſupe- Eneniy's Side were never talk'd of;
rior in Number, thought not fit to being, for the moſt Part, of no better
affault or diſturb them, That Part of Families that the Common Soldiers.
the Enemy that had been ſo roughly But it was reaſonably computed, by
treated at Shaw, having receiv'd Šuc- thoſe who ſaw the Action in all Places,
cour of a ſtrong Body of Horſe,, re that there could not be ſo few as one
folv'd once more to make an Attempt thouſand dead upon the Place : Yet
upon the Foot there, but they were becauſe the King's Army quitte 1 the
beaten off as before ; though they ſtood Field, and march'd away in the Night,
not well enough to receive an equal the other Side thought themſelves Ma-
Loſs, but retired to their Hill, where ſters: And the Parliament celebrated
they ſtood ftill. This was the laſt their Victory with their uſual Tri-
Action between the Armies; for about umphs; though within few Days after,
ten of the Clock at Night, all the they diſcern'd they had little Reaſon
Army, Horſe, Foot, and Cannon, for it. They came to know, by what
upon the King's Orders, drew forth Accident was not imagin'd, that the
their ſeveral Guards to the Heath a- Earl of Brentford remain'd that Night
bout Donnington-Caſtle; in which they in the Caſtle, by reaſon of the Hurt
lesi moſt of their wounded Men, with in his Head, and ſo fent Colonel Hur-
all their Ordnance, Ammunition, and ry to him to perſwade him to give up
Carriages; then Prince Maurice, and the Caſtle, and to make him .other
the other Officers, march'd in good large Offers; all which the General
Order away to Wallingford; commit- rejected with the Indignation that be-
ting the bringing up the Rear to Sir came him. No more ſhall be faid of
Humphry Bennet, (who had behav'd the Colonel, becauſe, after all his Ter-
himſelf very ſignally that Day) who giverſations, he choſe at laſt to loſe
with his Brigade of Horſe march'd his Life for, and in the King's Ser-
behind, and receivid not the leaſt vice; which ought to expiate for all
Diſturbance from the Enemy; who, his Trangreſſions, and preſerve his
iu ſo light a Night, could not but Memory from all unkind Reflections.
know of their Retreat, and were well The next Day, when they knew
enough pleaſed to be rid of an Enemy that the King's Army was retired, and
that had handled them fo ill. By the not till then, they made Hafte to poſ-
Morning, all the Army, Foot as well feſs themſelves of Newbury; and then
drew
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
57.7
drew up their whole Army · before fion into the Caſtle; which he acconi.
Dennington-Caſtle, and fummon'd the. pliſh'd without any Oppoſition.
Governor to deliver it to them, or elſe The Enemies 'Army lay ſtill at
they would not leave one Stone upon ano- Newbury; perplexed with the Divi-
ther. To which the Governor made fions and Factions among their own
no other Reply; than that he was not Officers, without any Notice of the
bound to repair it ; but, however be King's Advance, till a Quarter of
would, by God's Help, keep the Ground their Horſe was beaten up. The next
afterwards : Seeing his Obſtinacy, Morning, the King put his Army into
they offer'd him, To march away with Battalia ; Prince Rupert, who was now
the Arns, and all Things belonging to declared General, led the Van; and
the Garriſon; and, when that mov'd got Poſſeſſion of the Heath, on the
not, That he should carry all the Can- back ſide of the Caſtle; from which a
non, and Ammunition with him ;' to all ſmall Party might have kept hiin, the
which he anſwer'd, That he wonderid Entrance into it being very ſteeep,
they would not be ſatisfied with ſo many and the Way narrower. On that
Anſwers that he had ſent, and deſired Heath, the King's Army was drawi
them, to be aſſur'd, that he would not go up about Noon, every one being pre-
out of the Caſtle, "till the King ſent him pared to fight; and none of the Ene-
Order fo to do. Offended with theſe high my appearing, they mạrch'd by the
Anſwers, they reſolvid to affault it; but Caſtle over the River by a Mill, and
the Officer who commanded the Party, two Fords below it, without any On-
being killd, with ſome few of the poſition ; and thence drew into the
Soldiers, they retir'd; and never after large Field between Speen arid Newa
made any Attempt upon it; but re- bury; which was thought a good
main’d quietly at Newbury, in great place to expect the Enemy; who, ini
Faction among themſelves; every Man the mean Time, had drawn a great
taking upon himſelf to find Fault, and Body of their Horſe and Foot into the
cenſure what had been done, and had other Field toward Shaw, and had
been left. undone, in the whole Day's made Breaſt-works and Batteries on
Service.
the back. Side, of Newbury ; which
The King met Prince Rupert, as he Town they reſolv'd to keep, and ſtand
expected, with Colonel Gerrard, and upon the Defenſive, as the King had
Sir Marmaduke Langdale
. ; and made done before ; preſuming, that they
all the Haſte he could to joyn thoſe now having the warmer Lodging,
Forces with his own Army, that ſo he might better attack the King after his
might march back to Newbury, and Men had lain a Night or two in the
diſengage his Cannon and Carriages. Fields;, it being now the Month of
By the way, he met the Earl of November, but fair for that Seaſon.
Northampton, and thoſe Regiments Some light Skirmiſhes paſſed between
which had reliev'd Banbury; and hav- the Horſe; but when the King faw
ing, with marvellous Expedition, upon what Diſadvantages he muſt
cauſed a new Train of Artillery to be force them to fight, he call'd his
form’d, he brought his Army again Council. together; who were uhani-
to Rendezvous on Bullington-Green; mous in Opinion, That ſince he had re-
where, with the Addition of thoſe liev'd the Caſtle, and put ſufficient Pro-
Forces, and, fome Foot, which he viſions into it, and that it was in his
drew out of Oxford, under the Com- Power to draw off bis Ordnance and
mand of Colonel Gage, it appear'd to Ammunition from thence, he had done
be full fix thouſand Foot, and, five his Buſineſs ; and if any Honour had
thouſand Horſe ; with which he been lost the other Day, it was regain'd
march?d to Wallingford; and within a now, by his having paſſed his Army over
Day more than a Week after he had the River in the Face of theirs, and of-
left Donnington-Caſtle, found himſelf fer'd them Battle; which they durſt not
there in ſo good a Poſture, that he re- accept. Upon which the King reſolv'd
folv'd not to decline fighting with the to attempt them no farther, but gave
Enemy; but would be firlt poffeffed them Orders to retire in their. View,
of his Cannon, and put ſome Provi- with Drums. beating, and Trumpets
5 C
found-
III
378
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
1
founding, the ſame Way he came over to Baling; which, they thought,
the River. So the King lay that would, upon the Sight of their whole
Night at Donninglon-Caſtle, and all Army, preſently have yielded ; but
the Army about him.
finding the Marquis ſtill obſtinate to
The King had not yet done all he defend it, they were weary of the
meant to do, before he took up his Winter War, and ſo retired all their
Winter-Quarters ; and was willing, Force from thence, and quitted the
that the Enemy ſhould have an Op-Siege the very Day before Gage.came
portunity to fight with him, if they thither; ſo that he eaſily deliver'd his
defired it : And therefore, on the Proviſions, and retired to the King
Sunday Morning the tenth of Novem- without any Inconvenience. His Ma-
bershis Majeſty march'd with all his jeſty then march'd to Farrington, with
Cannon and Ammunition over the fome Hope to have furprized Abing-
Heath from Donnington, over a fair don in his Way; but he found it too
Campaign, to Lamborne ; in which well provided ; and ſo after he had
March, ſome of the Enemies Horſe conſider'd where to quarter his Horſe,
attempted his Rear, but were repulſed which had formerly had their head
with. Lors ; many being Nain; and Quarter at Abingdon, and thoſe Places
fome taken Priſoners. There the King which were now under the Power of
quarter'd that Night, and the next that Governor, he return!d to Oxford;
Day, to refreſh his Men, for the ill where he arriv'd to the univerſal Joy,
Lodging they had endured at Done on the three and twentieth of Novem-
nington; having ſent ſome Perſons of ber; a Seaſon of the Year fit for all the
great Reputation and Intereſt to Marl- Troops to be in their Winter Quar.
borough, to make large Proviſions for ters.
him, and his Arný. And then, ſince Soon after this, the Archbiſhop of
he heard the Enemy lay ſtill at New. Canterbury, who had. lain long a Prie
bury, he march'd to Marlborough; foner in the Tower, was brought to
where he found all Things to his Wilh. the Barrs of both Houſes, and treated
His Heart was ſet upon the Relief of with all the Rudeneſs, Reproach, and
Baſing, which was now again di- Barbarity imaginable; and condemn,
ſtreſsd; the Enemy having, as is ſaid ed to be beheaded; which he under-
before, begirt it cloſely from the Time went with a Chriſtian Courage and
that Gage had reliev'd it. He had a Magnanimity.
great Mind to do it with his whole When they had diſpatched this im.
Army ; that thereby he might portant Work, and thereby receiv'd
draw the Enemy to a Battle : But, a new Inſtance of the good Affection
upon full Debate, it was concluded, and Courage of their Friends, and in-
That the ſafeſt Way to do it would be by volv'd the two Houſes in freſh Guilt
a Jtrong Party; that one thouſand and Obloquy, they now enter upon
Horſe ſhould be drawn out, every one of the Debate, What Anſwer they should
which ſhould carry before him a Bag of ſend the King, concerning a Treaty for
Çorn, or other Proviſions, and march ſo Peace, which the King had made to
as to be at Baſing-Houſe'the next Morn- them. They who deſir'd to advance
ing after they parted from the Army; it, hoped thereby to put an End to all
and then every Trooper was to caſt down the Deſigns of new modelling the
his Bag, and to make their Retreat as Army, and to prevent the Increaſe of
well as they might : And Colonel thoſe Factions in Religion, which e-
Gage, who had ſo good Succeſs before, very Day broke out among them, to
was appointed to command this Par-' the notorious Scandal of Chriſtianity.
ty; which he chearfully undertook to They who had no Mind to a Treaty,
do. The better to effect it, Hunger- becauſe they had Minds averſe from
ford was thought the fitter Place to all Thoughts of Peace, diſcern'd plain-
quarter his Army, and from thence to ly, that they ſhould not be able to
diſpatch that Party: So his Majeſty finiſh their Deſign upon the Army,
march'd back to Hungerford, which and ſet many other Devices on foot,
was half way to Newbury : The Ene- which would contribute to their
Con-
my wās in tkic milan Time march'd venience, until this longed-for Treaty.
were
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 379
were at an End, and therefore they would often in Diſcourſe, fayz. of
all agreed to give ſome Concluſion to what Morrent the Preſervation of his
it; and reſolv'd that there ſhould be a Life was to the Rebels; and how much
Treaty, and upon the Method that they were concern’d to preſerve it, in re.
Thould be obſervd in the conducting gard, that if he himſelf were dead, the
it; from which they who ſhould be Parliament ſtood diſolvd; ſo that there
employ'd by them, . Thould not recede would be an. End of their Governinent
or be diverted.
Which, though it were true in Law,
Then they nominated fixteen Com- would have little ſhaken their Power
millioners for the two Houſes, and of which they were too long póſtefied
four for the Parliament of Scotland, to part with it eaſily,
and named Uxbridge for the Place This was a Speculation of that Nac
where the Treaty ſhould be, which cure, that no body had Reaſon to en-
Treaty ſhould be limited to be finiſhid deayoạr to change the King's Opinion,
within twenty Days from the Time in that Particular; and his Majeſty
when it ſhould begin ; and according thought of nothing ſo much as haltning
ly the Commiſſioners met, but broke the Prince's Journeys, and to thar
up at twenty Days End without any purpoſe, commanded thoſe who were
good Effect. Thus ended the Treaty appointed to attend him to be ready bý
of Uxbridge, the Particulars whereof a ſhort Day, reſolving that his High-
were, by the King's Command, pubí nefs ſhould make his Journey directly
liſh'd in Print, and never contradicted to Briſtol, and continue his Reſidence
by the Parliament.
there, till fome emergent Alteration
The King ſpoke to thoſe he truſted ſhould make his Remove from thence
moſt at that Time, with much Me. neceffary. For whatever Diſcourſe was
lancholy of his own Condition and the made of raiſing an Army in the Weſt,
State of his Affairs, than he had uſed the King had no purpoſe to put the
to do. The Loſs of Shrewſbury, which Prince into the Head of any fych Ar
happend at this Time, was attended mys, and though Goring had prevaild
with many ill Conſequences; and that to be fent, with a ſtrong Party of
which had ſeem'd to bring ſome kind Harſe, and fome Foot, into Hamp:
of Recompence for it, the Surprize of Shire, upon Pretence of ſecuring the
Weymouth, prov'd but a Dream; for Welt from Waller's Inçuſſion, and
the Enemy had loſt but one Part of the upon ſome other Deſign ; yet the
Town, which they, in a ſhort Time King had not the leaſt Purpoſe, that
after, recover'd again by the uſual ke Thould be where the Prince was
Negligence of the King's Governors. though he was not himſelf without that
So that his Majeſty told them, He Deſign at that preſent, as ſhall
be made
found it abſolutely neceſſary to purſüe bis out anon, meaning by thật Device to
former Reſolution of ſeparating the withdraw himſelf from the Command
Prince bis Son from himſelf, that the of Prince Rupert, which the King diờ
Enemy might not, upon any Success, not apprehend. But his Majeſty hav,
find them together; which, he ſaid, ing no more in his purpoſe than is
would be Ruin to them both; -whereas, faid before, he ſent the Lord Hopton
though he fould fall into their Hands to Briſtol, to provide a Houſe for his
whilſt bis Son was at Liberty, they Highneſs, and to put that City into
would not dare to do bim Harm. He a good Poſture of Şocurity for the
ſeem'd to have very reaſonable Appre. Prince's Reſidence, as was neceffary:
henſions, that, upon the Loſs of a Bat- nor was there any other Strength de-
tle he might become a Priſoners but ſign'd to aitend about his Highneſs's.
he never imagin'd, that it would enter Perſon, than one Regiment of Horſe,
into their Thoughts to take away his and one Regiment of Foog, for his
Life; not that he beliey'd they could Guards, both to be under the Com.
be reſtrain'd from that impious Act, mand of the Lord Capel ; who was
by any remorſe of Conſcience, or that likewiſe to raiſe them upon his own
they had not Wickedneſs enough to Credit and Intereſt there being; at
deſign, and execute it : But he. be that Time, not one Man raiſed of
liev'd it againſt their Intereſt; and Horſe of Foot, ngr sný. Means in
View
380
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
View for the Payment of them, when Place of Rendezvous, at the Time
they ſhould be rais'd; nor, indeed, when it ſhould be fit for him to take
For the Support of the Prince's Family, the Field. But the Truth is, not on-
or his Perfon. In fo great Scarcity, ly the Ladies, who were very power
and Poverty, was the King himſelf, ful in ſuch Conſultations of Státe, but
and his Court at Oxford.
very few of the reſt, of what Degree
: The King now found, that, not or Quality. foever,, who had excellent
withſtanding all the Diviſions in the Accommodations in the.. Colleges,
Parliamënt, and the Factions in the which they could not have found any
City, there would be an Army ready where elſe, would without extreme
to march againſt him, before he could Murmuring, have been content to
put himſelf into a Poſture ready to re have chang’d their Quarters, Beſides,
ceive it; and was therefore the more the King had that:Royal Affection for
impatient that the Prince ſhould leave the Univerſity, that he thought it well
Oxford; and begin his Journey to deſerv’d the Honour of his own Pre:
Briſtol, which he did within a Fort- ſence; and always reſolv'd, that it
night' after the Expiration of the Trea- ſhould be never fó expos’d. to the Ex:
ty at Uxbridge. And ſince the King tremity of War, - as to fall into thoſe
did at that † ime, within himſelf re- barbarous Hands, without making all
ſolve that the Prince ſhould only keep neceſſary Conditions for the Preſerva-
his' Court in the Weſt, that they tion of ſo venerable a Place from Ra-
might be ſeparated from each other, pine, Sacrilege, and Deſtruction..
without engaging himſelf in any mar Thus that Conſideration of remov.
tial Action, or being ſo much as pre- ing the Court from thence,' was only
ſent in any Army, it had been very ſecretly enter'd upon, and laid; aſide;
happy, and, to diſcerning Men; without making it the Subject of a
feem'd then a Thing deſirable, if his publick Debate: And ſince the other
Majeſty had remov'd his Court into could not have been 'effected, it had
the Weſt too, either to Briſtol, or; been well if the whole Council:which
which it may be had been better, to was aflign’d to attend the Prince, had
Exeter. For fince Reading and Abing- been obliged to have perform’d' that
don were both poſſeſſed by the Parlia- Service. Buſ both the Duke of Richa
ment; and thereby Oxford become the 'mond, and the Eart of Southampton,
head Quarter, it was not ſo fit that the Men of great Reputation and Autho-
Court
ſhould remain there ; which, rity, excus’d themſelves to the King,
by the Multitude of Ladies, and Per- for not ſubmitting to that his con-
fons of Quality, who reſided there, mand, and for deſiring to continue
would not probably endure ſuch an ſtill about his Perſon; the one think-
Attack of the Enemy, as the Situa- ing it ſome Diminution to his Great-
tion of the Place, and the good Forti- nefs to be at any Diſtance from his
fications which incloſed it, might very Majeſty ; to whom he "hadadherd
well bear. Nor would the Enemy with that ſignal Fidelity and Affection,
lave ſat down before it, till they had when ſo many had deſerted him'; the
done their Bhſineſs in all other Places, other being newly married, and en-
if they had not preſum'd, that the In- gaged in a Family, which he could
habitants within, would not be willing not, without Inconveniences, have left
to ſubmit to any notable Diſtreſs. If behind him; nor without more have
at this Time a good Garriſon had been carried with him. Nor was the King
left there, and all the Court, and Per difficult in admitting their Excuſes,
'fons of Quality, remov'd in the Weſt having named them rather to obviate
with the Prince, it would probably have ſome Jealouſies, which were like to
been a Means ſpeedily to have reduced be entertain'd upon the firſt Diſcourſe
to the King's Obedience thoſe ſmall of ſending the Prince into the Weſt,
Garriſons, which ſtood out; and the than that he believed they would be
King himſelf might, by the Spring, willing to be engaged in the:Service.
have been able to have carried a good However, it was eaſy to be foreſeen,
Recruit' of Men to his Army, and that upon. any ill Accidents, , which
might likewiſe have made Oxford the .were . like enough to fall out, they
who
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
391
?
+
who were ſtill oblig'd to that Duty, ſelf out of the Labyrinth he was in.
would not have Reputation enough to His Comportment towards the Lord
exact that general Submiſſion, and O- Digby, and Abburnham, and his Incli-
bedience, which ought to be paid to nations at that Timnë, have been men-
the Commands of the Prince ; of tion'd before at large; and from that
which there was ſhortly after too ma- Time, the entire Confidence the Par-
nifeſt Evidence.
liament had in his Son, and the Vigi-
There was an Act of Divine Juſtice land and Jealouſy that he was known
about this Time executed by thoſe at to have towards his Father, was that
Weſtminſter, which ought not to be alone that preſervd him longer in the
forgotten in the Relation of the Af- Government. Beſides that they had
fairs of this Year; and which ought fo conſtituted the Garriſon, that they
to have cauſed very uſeful Reflections knew it could never be in the Father's
to be made by many who were equal. Power to do them Hurt. But after
ly engaged; ſome of whom afterwards this, when they diſcover'd fome Alte-
did undergo the fame Fate. There ration in the Son's Behaviour, and that
hath been often mention of Sir John the Pride and Stubbornneſs of his Na-
Hotham, who-ſhut-the Gates of Hull ture would not ſuffer him to ſubmit to
againſt the King, and refuſed to give the Command of the Lord Fairfax,
him Entrance into that Town, when and that Superiority over both his Fa-
he came thither attended only by his therand him, with which the Parliament
own Servants, before the Beginning had inveſted thas Lord, and ſome ink-
of the War; and was, in Truth, the ling of ſecret Meſſages between the
immediate Cauſe of the War. It was Marquis of Newcaſtle, and young Ho-
the more wonderful, that a Perſon of them, they cauſed both Father and
a full and ample Fortune, who was Son to be ſuddenly ſeized upon, and
not diſturb'd by any Fancies in Reli- ſent up Priſoners to the Parliament;
gion, had unqueſtion’d Duty to the which immediately conmitted theni tó
Crown, and Reverence for the Go- the Tower, upon a Charge of High
vernment both of Church and State, Treaſon.
ſhould ſo fooliſhly expoſe himſelf, Though there was Evidence enough
and his family, of great Antiquity, againſt them, yet they had ſo many
to comply with the Humours of thoſe Friends in both Houſes of Parliament,
Men whoſe Perſons he did not much and ſome of that Intereſt in the Army,
eſteem, and whole Deſigns he perfect- that they were preſervºd from farther
ly deteſted. But, as his particular Proſecution, and remain'd long Priſo-
Animoſity againſt the Earl of Strafford, ners in the Tower without being
firſt engaged him in that Company, brought to any Trial; ſo that they
ſo his Vanity and Ambition, and the believ'd their Puniſhinent to be at the
Conceſſions the King had made to higheſt. But when that Party pre-
their unreaſonable Demands, made vail'd that reſolv'd to new model the
him concur farther with them, than Army, and make as many Examples
his own Judgment diſpoſed him to. of their Rigour and Severity, as might
He had taken upon him the Govern- terrify. all Men from falling from
ment of Hull, without any Apprehen- them, they callid importunately, that
ſion, or Imagination, that it would the two Hothams might be tried at a
ever make him acceſſary to the Rebel- Court of War, for their Treachery
lion; but believ'd, that, when the and Treaſon; and they who had hi-
King and Parliament ſhould be recon- therto preſerv'd them, had now loft
ciled, the Eminence of that Charge their Intereſt; ſo that they were both
would promote him to ſome of thoſe brought to their Trial, 'fome little
Rewards and Honours, which that Time before the Treaty at Uxbridge,
Party reſolv'd to divide among them and both condemned' to lole' their
ſelves. When he found himſelf more Heads. The priricipal Charge againſt
dangerouſly and deſperately enabark'd the Father was, his ſuffering the Lord
that he ever intended to be, he be- Digby to eſcape ; and a Letter was pro-
ſought himſelf of all poſſible Ways to duced, by the Treachery of a Servant,
diſintangle himſelf, and to wind him- againſt the Son, which he had ſent to
5 D
the
1
I 12
/
382
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Marquis of Newcaſtle. The vile came upon the Scaffold, and faffer?{
Artifices that were ufed both before his ungodly Confeffor Peters, to tell
and after their Trial, were ſo barba- the People, That he had reveald bim-
rous, and inhuman, as have been rare- ſélf to him, and confeſs'd bis Offences as
ly practiſed among Chriſtians. gainſt the Parliament; and ſo he com-
The Father was firſt condemn'd to niitted his Head to the Block: This
ſuffer upon a Day appointed, and the was the woful Tragedy of theſe two
Son affeļwards to be executed in like unhappy Gentlemen ; in which there
manner, the Day following: The were ſo many Circumſtances of an un-
Night before, or the very Morning, uſual Nature, that the immediate Hand
that Sir Fohn Hotham was to die, a Re- of God could not bút appear in it to all
prieve was fent from the Houſe of Men who knew their Natures, Hu-
Peers to ſuſpend his Executión før móúrs, and Tranſactions.
three Days. The Cońmons were Since the laſt Office of a General,
highly incenſed at this Prefumption in with Reference to the King's Quar-
the Lords; and to prevent the like ters, which the Earl of Eſex perform’d
Miſchief for the future, they made an before he found it neceffry to furren-
Order, To all Mayors, Sheriffs, and o. der his Commiſſion to the Parliament,
ther Miniſters, of Juſtice, that no Re- was done before the End of this Year,
prieve ſhould be granted, or 'allow'd fór ft 'will be proper in this place to imen-
any perſon againſt whom the Sentence of tion it, both in reſpect of the Nature
Death was pronounced, except the fame of the Thing itſelf, and the Circum-
had paſſed, and had the Conſent of both itances with which it was conducted,
Houſes of Parliament ;, and that if it it being a Letter fign’d by the Earl of
paſſed only by the Houſe of Peers, it Eſex, and ſent by a Trumpet .to
ſhould be look’d upon as invalid and Prince Rupert, but pėnn'd by a Com-
poid, and Execution lould not be there- mittee of Parliament, and peruſed by
upon forborn, or Suſpended. By this
. both Houſes before it was lign’d by
Accident the Son was Brought to his their General; who uſed, 'in all Dić
Execution before his Father, úpon the patches made by himſelf, to obſerve
Day on which he was ſentenced to all Decency in the Forms. It was a
ſuffer; who died with Courage, and very inſolent Letter, and upon a very
reproaching the Ingratitude of the Par. inſolent Occaſion. The Parliament
liament, and their Continuance of ihe had, fome Months before, made an
War; concļuded, That, as to them he Ordinance againſt giving Quarter to
was very innocent, and had never been any of the Iriſh Nation which ſhould
guilty of Treaſon. The Father was be taken Priſoners, either at Sea, or
brought to the Scaffold the next Day: Land; which was not taken Notice of,
For the Houſe of Commons, to lhew or indeed known to the King, till
their Prerogative over the Lords, ſent long after ; though the Earl of War-
an Order to the Lieutenant of the 'wick, and the Officers under him at
Tower, that he ſhould cauſe him to be 'Sea, had as often as he met with any
executed that very Day, which was Iriſh Frigats, or ſuch Freebooters' as
two Days before the Reprieve granted failed under their Commiſſion, taken
by the Houſe of Peers was expired. all the Sea-men who became Priſoners
Whether he had yet ſome Promiſe to them of that Nation, and bound
from Peters, that he ſhould only them Back to Back, and thrown them
·be few'd to the People, and ſo re- overboard into the Sea, without Di-
turn'd ſafe again to the Tower, which •ftindion of their Condition, if they
was generally reported and believ'd, were Iriſh. In this cruel Manuer very
or whether he was broken with De- 'many 'poor Men periſhed daily ; of
ſpair (which is more probable) when "which, when it was generally known,
he ſaw that his Enemies prevaild ſo the King ſaid nothing, ' becauſe none
far, that he could not be permitted to of thoſe Perſons were in his Majeſty's
live thoſe two Days which the Peers Service ; and how barbarous foever
had granted him, certain it is, that the Proceedings were, his Majeſty
the poor Man appear'd ſo difpirited, could not complain of it, without under-
chat he ſpoke but few Words after he going the Reproach of being concern'd
on
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 333
on the B-half, and in favour of the neſs had not been there above two or
Rebels of Ireland.
three Days, when Letters were inter-
B:lt there had been lately, in ſome cepted that diſcover'd a Deſign of
Service at Land, fome Priſoners taken Waller, who had paſs'd by the Lord
of the King's Troops, and upon Pre- Goring, and put Relief into Tauntort;
tence that they were Iriſ Men, as and hoped to have ſurprized Briſtol in
many as they thought to be of that his Return; whereupon two or three
Nation, were all hanged, to the Num- of his Correſpondents filed out of the
ber of ten or twelve. Whereupon,
Whereupon, City; and the reſt were ſo diſpirited
Prince Rupert, having about the Time, with the Diſcovery, that they readily
when he heard of thạt Barbarity, ſaken conſented to any Thing that was pro-
an equal Number of the Parliament poſed. So the Lord Hopton put all
Soldiers, cauſed them likewiſe to be Things into ſo good a Poſture, that
hanged upon the next Tree': Which there was no farther Cauſe to appre-
the Parliament declared to be an Act hend Waller, and thus ended the
of great Injuſtice, and Cruelty ; and Year 1644.
appointed the Earl of Elſex to expoftu-
late it with Prince Rupert very rudely, The Lord Goring had been ſent by
in the Letter they had caused to be his Majefty, before the Time of the
penn'd for him, with Expreſſions full Prince's coming into the Weſt, . with
of Reproach, for his Preſumption in ſuch a Party of Horſe, Foot, and
making an Ordinance of theirs, the Ar, Dragoons, and a Train of Artillery,
gument to juſtify an Artion of ſo much as he deſir'd, into Hampſhire, upon a
Inbumanity; which was the firſt Deſign of his own, of making an In-
Knowledge the King had of any ſuch curſion into Suſex ; where he pretend-
Declaration, with Reference to the ed, he had Correſpondence ; and that
War in England; nor had there been, very many well affected Perſons promifs
from the Beginning of it, any ſuch eď to riſe, and declare for the King,
Example made. Prince Rupert re- and that Kent would do the ſame. And
turn d ſuch an Anſwer as was reaſona- ſo a Coinmiſlion was granted to him,
ble, and with a Sharpneſs equal to the of Lieutenant Generål of Hampſhire,
Provocation, and ſent it to the Earl of Suſſex, Surry, and Kent, without the
Eſſex:3 who, the Day before he re- leaſt Purpoſe or Imagination that he
ceiv'd it, had given up his Com- ſhould ever be near the Prince. Some
miſion; but ſent it immediately to Attempts he made, in the Beginning,
the two Houſes, who were exceeding- upon Chriſt-Church, in Hampſhire, a
ly enraged at it; ſome of them ſaying, little unfortified Fiſher-Town, yet was
That they wonderd it was so long on the beaten off with Loſs : So that he was
Way, for that certainly.it had been pre- 'forced to retire to Saliſbury ; where
pared at Uxbridge. Fairfax was ſoon his Horſe committed the fame Outra-
after declared General in the Room of ges, and Barbaries, as they had done
the Earl of Effex.
in Hampſhire, without Diſtinction of
It was upon the Fourth of March, Friends or Foes; ſo that thoſe Parts,
that the Prince, parted from the King which before were well devoted to the
his Father; and about a Week after, King, worried by Oppreſſion, with'd
came to Briſtol; where he was now to for the Acceſs of any forces to redeem
act a - Part by himſelf, as the Affairs them. Whilſt the Lord Goring lay
ſhould require, or rather where he was fruitleſly in thoſe Patts, a Party of
to ſit ſtill without acting any Thing; Horſe and Dragoons, under the Com-
the End being, as is ſaid before, only mand of Vandruſke a German, paſſed
that the King and the Prince might by without Interruption, to the. Relief
not be expołed at the ſame Time to of Taunton, then block'd up by: Colo-
the ſame Danger ; without any Pur- nel Windham, and reduced to fome
poſe that he ſhould raiſe any more Streights; and accordingly effected it.
Strength, than was neceſſary to the ſe- About the ſame Time, Sir Walter
curity of his own Perſon ; or that in- Haſtings, Governor of Porilandfe-
deed' he ſhould move farther Weſt- conded by Sir Lewis Dives (who had
ward than that City. His High- the Command of Dorſetſbire as Colo-
pel.
11
384 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
9
nel General) had ſurprized Weymouth, by the Rebels, ſave only what Sir
and poffeſſed the Forts, and the upper Lewis Dives could protect by his fmall
Town, the Rebels having withdrawn Garriſon at Sherborne, and the Inand
themſelves into the lower Town, di- of Portland, which could not provide
vided from the other by an Arm of for its own Subſiſtence: The Garriſon
the Sea, and of no conſiderable of Taunton, with that Party of Horſe
Strength : So that the ſpeedy redu- and Dragoons which reliev'd it, com-
cing that ſmall Place, was not look'd manding a very large Circuit, and
upon as a Matter of Difficulty. How- diſturbing other Parts in Somerſetſhirë:
ever, left thoſe Forces which had re- Devonſhire, intent upon the blocking
liev'd Taunton, and were conceiv'd to up of Plymouth, at one End, and open
be much greater than in truth they to Incurſions from Lyme, and preju-
were, ſhould be able to diſturb the diced by Taunton, at the other End :
Work of Weymuch, and for the ſooner The King's Garriſons, in ail three
expediting the Buſineſs there, the Lord Counties, being ſtronger in Fortifica-
Goring, now pretending that his tions, than in Men, or any Proviſions
Friends in Suflex and Kent were not to endure an Enemy: Whilſt the
ready for him, was by Order from Lord Goring's Forces equally infeſted
Oxford, upon his own Deſire, fent the Borders of Dorſet, Somerſet, and
thither; whereby it was thought, both Devon, by unheard of Rapine, with-
the Work of Weymouth, and Taunton, out applying themſelves to any Enter-
would be ſpeedily effected. There: prize upon the Rebels. Cornwal in-
upon the Lord Hopton, whoſe Right deed was entire; but being wholly al-
it was to command in thoſe Counties ſign’d to the blocking up of Plymouth,
as Field Martial of the Weſt, being yielded no Supply to any other Ser-
ſent by the King to compoſe the Dil vicé, or to the providing its own Gar-
orders there, upon the Relief of Taun- riſons againſt the Time that they
ton, was, by ſpecial Order, recallid might be viſited by an Enemy.
to Briſtol, left there might be Diſpute Sir William Waller and Cromwell,
of Command between him and the march'd together about this Time to-
Lord Goring; the one being General wards the Weſt, and paſſing through
of the Ordnance, the other General of Wiltſhire, had routed, and taken the
the Horſe; but the Lord Hopton was whole Regiment of Horſe of Colonel
likewiſe Field-Martial of the Weſt, in Long, the High Sheriff of that County,
in which the Lord Goring had no by his great Defect of Courage, and
Commiſſion to command.
Conduct; and ſeeni'd to intend an
Shortly after the Lord Goring’s Arri- Attempt upon General Goring; who
val about Weymouth, with his full was ſo much ſtartled with the Noiſe,
Strength of Horſe, Foot, and Dra. at a great Diſtance, that he drew his
goons, and Artillery, conſiſting of a- Forces ſo far Weſt of Taunton, that
bove three thouſand Horſe, and fif. Vandruſke had an Opportunity to retire
teen hundred. Foot, beldes what he with that Body of Horſe and Dra-
found in thoſe Parts, that Place of ſo goons with which he had reliev'd
vaſt Importance, was, by moſt ſupine Taunton, to his Fellows : Whilſt the
Negligence at beſt, retaken by that King's Forces repoſed themſelves upon
contemptible Number of the Enemy, the Borders of Devonſhire, the Lord
who had been beaten into the lower Goring himſelf, and moſt of his prin-
Town, and who were look'd upon as cipal Officers, taking that Opportuni-
Priſoners at Mercy. The Myſteries ty to refreſh at Exeter, where they
of which fatal Loſs was never enquir'd ſtay'd three or four Days in moſt ſcan-
into; but with great Plainneſs, by dalous Diſorder, a great Part of his
the Vote of the Country, imputed to Horſe lying upon free Quarter, and
General Goring's natural Want of Vi- plundering to the Gates of the City.;
gilance; who thereupon retir'd with which, in the Beginning of the Year,
his whole Strength into Somerſet hire. was an ill Preſage to that people, what
'His Highneſs, upon his Arrival at they were to expect. But finding that
Briſtol, found the Weſt in this con- Sir William Waller made not chat
dition; all Dorſetſhire entirely poſſeſſed Haſte he apprehended, having bor-
rowd
in the Reign of King CHARLES. I. 385
+
1
row'd ſuch Horſe and Foot as he could Garriſon of Taunton, which they con-
procure from Exeter, he return'd again fefed infeſted their whole Country; that
towards. Taunton, and gave his High- be was very deſirous that Army might
nefs an Account of his Condition. move Eaſtward, as ſoon as they should
The Prince being attended ar Briſtol put themſelves in, ſuch a Poſture, as
by the Commiſſioners of Somerſet, might render them secure againſt their
found no one Thing provided, or the Enemies.
Promiſe complied with, which had By this Time, towards the End of
been made by them at Oxford : Of March, Sir William Waller having
his Guards of Horſe and Foot, which advanced with his Horſe and Dragoons,
they aſſured him, for the Proportion of by Bathtowards Briſtol, in hope to
that County, ſhould be ready againſt have ſurprized that City by ſome Trea-
his coming, not one Man or Horſe chery within, and being diſappointed
provided : Of the hundred Pound a there, retired towards Dorſetſhire, and
Week, to be allow'd by them towards the Edge of Somerſet, adjoyning to
his Highneſs's Support, noi one ready, that County; where Cromwell expected
or like to be. So that he was forced him ; the Lord Goring having, in the
to borrow from the Lord Hopton's own mean while, fallen into ſome of Crom-
private Store, to buy Bread. And, well's Quarters about Dorcheſter, and
which was worſe than all this, we found taken fome Priſoners, and Horſes,
plainly, that, what had been ſo parti- and diſorder'd the reſt: Upon a Dif-
cularly, and poſitively undertaken at' pute between themſelves, or ſome o-
Oxford, was upon the Confidence only ther Orders, Cromwell retir'd to joyn
of three or four Men, who were go- with Sir Thomas Fairfax towards Read-
vernd by Sir John Stawel, and Mr. ing; Sir William Waller ſtay'd in thoſe
Fountain, without any Concurrence Parts, to intend the Buſineſs of the
from the reſt of the Commiſſioners of Weſt, but made no haſte to advance,
that, or the other three aſſociated expecting ſome Supplies of Foot by
Counties; and that they who had been Sea at Weymouth. So that the Lord
ſo confident, inſtead of forming and Goring drew back to Bruton, and ſent
purſuing any Deſign for raiſing of Men
to the Prince to deſire, That two of his
or Money, were only buſy in making Council might meet him at Wells the
Objections, and preparing Complaints, next Day, to conſider, what Courſe was
and purſuing their private Quarrels best to be taken : Accordingly the
and-Animnoſities againſt others. So Lords Capel and Colepepper, the next
they brought, every Day, Complaints Day met his Lordſhip at Wells.
againſt this and that Governor of Gar. Where, after long Conſideration of the
riſons, for the Riots and Inſolencies whole State of the Weſt, and of the
of the Lord Goring's Soldiers, and, great Importance of reducing Taunton,
That thoſe Parts of the Country which without which no great Matter could
were adjacent to Sherborne, and Bridge- be expected from Somerſetſhire, the
water, were compelld to work at thoſe Lord Goring propoſed, and put the
Fortifications ; with other Particulars, Deſign in writing under his own
moſt of which, they well knew, in Hand, for the whole. Method and.
that Conjuncture of Time, could not Manner of his Proceeding, That he
be prevented ; and ſome of which were would leave the Groſs of bis Horſe, and
in themſelves very neceſſary. Yet the two hundred Foot mounted, in ſuch con-
Prince endeavour'd to give them all
. venient Place, . 1.port the Skirts of Dor-
Encouragement; told them, That he ſetſhire, and Wiltſhire, as they might
was very ſenſible of all thoſe Diſorders, be able to retire to their Body, if the E-
of which they complain'd; and would r.emy advanced powerfully; and that he
redreſs them, as ſoon as they ſhould dif- would himſelf, with all bis Foot, and
cern it to be in bis Power : That be Cannon, and ſuch Horſe as were neceſ-
Forces under the Lord Goring were an Sary, attempt the taking or burning of
Army by themſelves, come down into Taunton : And to that Purpoſe de-
thoſe Parts, before his Highneſs; and fir'd his Highneſs, to ſend poſitive Or-
ſtay'd then there for their Protection a ders 10 Sir Richard Greenvil (who,
gainſt the Power of Waller, and the notwithſtanding his Highneſs's Com-
mands
A
1
133
5 E
386
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
now
mands formerly ſent him, and ſome Rebels, without the Auditic:z of Green-
Orders from the King himſelf, inade vil's Foot; and he, notwithſtanding
not that Haſte as might reaſonably be ail Orders, as pereriptorily refuſing to
expected) to advance, and direet the itir, bue profeſing, That if he had an
Commiſſioners of Somerſet to give their Addition of ſix bundred Men, be would
perſonal Attendence upon that Service; be in the Town within ſix Deys
.
and in the mean Time to take care that Whilft Things ſtood thus, Sir William
ſufficient Magazines of Viktual, and Waller, much weaken’d by theſe Dif-
Proviſion, were made for the Soldiers : afters, drew back Eaſtwards and was,
all which was exactly perform’d by his by Night Marches, retired as far as
Highneſs, the next Day after he re- Saliſbury, before the Lord Goring had
ceiv'd the Defires of General Goring. Notice of his Motions. Whereupon his
But, within three or four Days, and Highneſs, upon Conſideration hoiv
before the Deſign upon Taunton was impoſſible it was to overtake him,
ready for Execution, it appear'd by which General Goring himſelf cenfels
conſtant Intelligence, that Waller was fed by his Letters, or to engage the
advancing with a great Body of Horſe Forces under the Command of Green-
and Dragoons, and ſome Foot; and vil, and the other Forces of thoſe
therefore the Attempt upon Taunton Parts, in any Action, before the Bu.
was for the preſent to be laid aſide ; fineſs of Taunton ſhould be over, and
and the Lord Goring very earneſtly on the other Side, conſideririg, if that
deſir'd the Prince to command Sir Place were reduced, beſides the Ter-
Richard Greenvil, who was ror it wouid ſtrike into their Neigh-
drawn near to Taunton, with eight bours, there would be an Army of
hundred Horſe, and above two thou- four thouſand Horſe, and five thou.
fand Foot, beſides Pioneers, with all fand Foot, ready to be applied to any
poffible Speed to march to him, that Service they ſhould be directed to
ſo he might be able to abide the Ene- and that then the Lord Goring might
my, if they came up to himn; or, o- proſecute his Commiſſion in Suſſex, and
therwiſe, to compel them to fight, if. Kent, and ſuch a reaſonable Recruit of
they ſtay'd in thoſe fáſt Quarters, Foot as ſhould neceffay, and yet his
where they then were ; which was a- Highneſs enabled, in a ſhort Time, to.
bout Shafifbary, Gillingham, and thoſe be in the Head of a very good Army,
Places. The Prince accordingly ſent raiſed out of the four aſſociated Coun-.
his Commands poſitively to Sr Richard ties, either for the reducing the few
Greenvil, To advance towards the Lord other places which were garriſon'd by
Goring, and to obey all ſuch Orders, the Rebels, or to march toward his
as he should receive from his Lordſhip. Majeſty : I ſay, upon theſe Confide-
But he as poſitively ſent his Highneſs rations, the Prince" (with the Privity
Word, That bis Men would not ftir a and Advice of Prince Rupert, who
Foot; and that he had promiſed the was then at Briſtol, and preſent at the
Commiſſioners of Deyon, and Cornwal, whole Conſultation, and the principal
that he would not advance beyond Taun- Adviſer in it) writ, upon the eleventh
ton, till Taunton were reduced ; but of April, to the Lord Goring, being
thai be made no Queſtion, if he were then about Wells, That his Opinion
not diſturbid, ſpeedily to give a good Acm was, that the Horſe and Dragoons un-
count of that Place.
In the mean
der bis Lordbip's Command, jould ad-
Time, the Lord Goring, very gallant- vance from the Quarters where they then
ly and ſucceſsfully, by Night, fell were, much to the Prejudice of that.
upon Sir William Waller's Quarters County, into Dorſetſhire or Wiltſhire,
twice, in leſs than a Week; and killid or into both of them; and that the Foot
and took fo. good a Number, that it and Cannon ſhould march directly to-
was generally believ'd, Sir William wards Taunton, according to the Deſign
Waller was lefſen'd near a thouſand formerly propoſed by his Lordſhip; and
Men by thoſe Rencounters, the referr'd it to himſelf, whether bis
Lord Goring ſtill declaring, Tbat he Lordbip in Perſon would ſtay with the
could neither purſue his Advantages up- Horſe, or go with the Foot; and defir'd
on a Party, nor engage the main of the to receive bis Opinion, and Reſolution
upon
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 387
7
upon the whole ; there being nothing was out of a Window, fhot in the Thigh;
propoſed to be acted in two Days. This with which he fell, the Wound being
Letter was ſent by Colonel Windham, then conceivd to be mortal: Sơ that
the Governor of Bridgewater, who there was no Perſon who would pre-
came that Day, from before:Taunton, tend tô command; thoſe under Green-
from Sir Richard Greenvil; and could vil, having no experienced Officer of
beſt inform him of the Strength of the Reputation equal to that Charge, yeć
Town, and the Condition of Sir Rich being ſuperior in Number to the other;
ard Greenvil's Forces.
would not be commanded by Sir Jo-
The next Day Colonel Windham re- ſeph Wagſtaffe ;, ſo that if the Lords
turn'd, with a ſhort ſullen Letter from had not very happily been preſent, it
the Lord Goring to the Prince, That is probable both thoſe Bodies of Footy
behad, according to bis Command, fent each being too weak for the Attempt
the Foot and Cannon to Taunton; and by itſelf, would, if not diſbanded, at
the Horſe to the other Places; and ihat, beſt have retired to their former Poſts;
ſince there was nothing for him to do, and left thoſe of Taunton at liberty to
he was gone to Bath to intend his have done what they thought beſt.
Health; where he complain'd private. But they being there, and Sir John
ly, That his Forces were taken from Berkley being in that inſtant come thja
him at a Time when he meant to purſue ther to meet them, with an Account
Waller, and could utterly defeat him; of the State of Devonſhire, they per-
and much inveigh'd againſt the Prince's ſwaded him to undertake the preſent
Council, for ſending Orders to him ſo Charge of the whole, and to proſecute
prejudicial to the King's Service :"the former Deſign upon the Town; all
Whereas it was only an Opinion, and Perſons ſubmitting tiil the Prince's
not Orders, grounded upon what him- Pleaſure ſhould be farther known's
ſelf had formerly propoſed, and to thoſe Officers under Sir Richard Green
which he was deſired to return his vil, preſently ſending away an Ex-
preſent judgment, being within half preſs to Briſtol, to deſire the Lord
à Days Journey of the Prince, upon Hopton to take the Command of them.
whom he ought to have attended in But his Lordſhip had no Mind to enter
Perſon, or have ſent his Advice to
upon any particular Action with dif,
him, if what was then offer'd ſeem'd joynted Forces, till upon the with-
not convenient. But, after ſome Days drawing of the Lord Goring, the whole
frolickly ſpent at Bath, he return'd to Command might be executed accord-
his former Temper, and waiting on ing to former Eſtabliſhment. And ſo
the Prince at Briſtol, was contented to a fpecial Direction was ſent to all the
be told, Tbat he had been more appre- Officers, and Soldiers, to obey Sr
henfive of Diſcourteſies than he had John Berkley, according to what had
Cauſe; and ſo all Miſunderſtandings been formerly ſettled by the Lords.
feem'd to be fairly made up.
He, in few Days, put the Buſineſs in
The Lord Goring's Foot and Can- very good Order, and by Storm took
non being thus ſuddenly ſent to Taun Wellington-Houſe, where Greenvil had
ton, under the Command of Sir Joſeph been hurt. I cannot omit here, that
Wagſtaffe; for the better preventing the Lords, coming to viſit Greenvil,
any Miſtakes, and Conteſts about in the Inſtant that he was put into his
Command, the Prince ſent the Lords Litter, and carrying to Exeter, told
Capel and Colepepper to Taunton, to ſet- him, what they had thought neceffary
tle all Diſputes that might ariſe, and to be done in the Point of Command;
to diſpoſe the Country to aſſiſt that the which he ſeeming very well to ap-
Work in the beſt Manner; which prove, they deſir'd him to call his
prov'd very fortunate ; for the fame Officers (moſt of the principal being
Day they came thither, Sir Richard there prelent) and to command them
Greenvil, having brought his Forces to proceed in the Work in hand chear-
within Muſquet-Shot, on one side of fully, under the Conimand of Sir John
Taunton, went himſelf to view Wel Berkley; the which he promiſed to do,
lington-Houſe, five Miles diftant, in and immediately ſaid ſomewhat to his
which the Rebels had a Garriſon, and Officers, at the Side of his Litter,
which
388
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
which the Lords conceiv'd to be what the Commiſſioners, the rather to give
he had promiſed : But it appear'd ſome Countenance to the Buſineſs of
after, that it was not ſo; and, very Taunton, then cloſely beſieged by Sir
probably, was the contrary; for nei- John Berkley; and to that Purpoſe,
ther Oficer, nor Soldier, did his Du- directed his Letters to the ſeveral
ty after he was gone, during the Time Commiſſioners to attend him there, on
Sir John Berkley commanded in that Wedneſday. the three and twentieth of
Action.
April; the King being then at Oxford,
The Prince, finding the publick preparing for the Field, Prince Ru-
Service in no Degree advanced by peri at Worceſter, levying Men, and
the Commiſſioners. of Somerſet ;, and the Rebels at London in ſome Diſorder
his Highneſs being inform’d by a Gen- and Confuſion about their new Model,
tleman, That thoſe two Counties of De- having newly remov'd the Earl of Eſ-
von and Cornwal, were entirely devoted ſex, and the Earl of Mancheſter, Earl
'to ſerve the Prince, in what Manner of Denbigh, and Sir William Waller
Joever he ſhould propoſe; he thought fit from any Command, and ſubſtituted
to ſummon the Commiſſioners of all Sir Thomas Fairfax General ; who was,
the aſſociated Counties, to attend up out of the other broken and almoſt
on him in ſome convenient Place, diffolv'd Forces, to mould a new Ar-
where, upon full Confideration, ſuch my, which was then in no very hope.
Concluſions might be made, as mightful Forwardneſs.
beſt advance the Work in hand, both Upon the Day the Prince came to
for the Reduction of Taunton, and Bridgewater, and was attended by a
raiſing a marching Army; which great Body of the Commiſſioners of
Counſel had been ſooner given, and Somerſet, that Place being near the
had in truth been fit to be put in Prac. Center of that great' County; there
tice upon his firſt coming to Briſtol, appear'd for Dorſetſhire, as ſent from
when he diſcern'd the Flatneſs, Pe- the reft, Sir John Strangwaïes, Mr. An-
remptorineſs, and Unactivity of the chetil Grey, and Mr. Ryves; for Den
Gentlemen of Somerſet ; from whom vonſhire, Sir Peter Ball, Sir George
it was evident nothing was to be ex- Parry, Mr. Saint Hill, and Mr. Muda
pected, till, by the Unanimity and dyford ; and for Cornwal, Sir Henry
Strength of the two Weſtern Counties, Killegrew, Mr. Coriton, Mr. Scawen,
that County could be driven and com and Mr. Roſcorroth. The whole Body
pelled to do what was neceſſary, and waited on the Prince the next Morn-
to recede from their own ſullen and ing; and were then told, That bis
poſitive Determinations, which had coming thither was to receive their Ad-
been eaſy to do, but that ſhortly after vicce, and to give his Aſiſtance, in
his Highneſs came to Briſtol, - upon what might concern the Peace and Wel.
what Apprehenſions 'no Man knew, fare of each particular County; and
there was great Jealouſy at Oxford of might beſt advance the general Service of
his going farther Weſt; and thereup- the King ; that if the Affociation which
on Direction given, That be ſhould not bad been propos’d, ſeem'd to them, by the
remove from Briſtol, but upon weighty Accidents and Mutations which. bad
Reaſons, and with which bis Majeſty happen'd fince the Time of that firſt Pro-
was to be firſt acquainted. Whereas by poſal, not fit now'to be further proſecut- -
his Inſtructions, He was to make his ed, he was ready to conſent to any Alte-
Reſidence in ſuch a Place, , as by the ration they pould propoſe, and to joyn
Council Mould be thought moſt conducing with them in any other Expedient; and
to bis Affairs. However, ſuch a meet-wiſhed then therefore to confer togeiher,
ing with all the Commiſſioners being what was beſt to be donė; and when they
demonſtrably neceffary, and Briſtol were ready to propoſe any Thing to him,
thought at too great a Diſtance from be would be ready to receive it. After
the Weſt, beſides that the Plague be two or three Days Conſultation among
gun to break out there very much, themſelves, they were unanimouſly of
for the Time of the Year, his High- Opinion, That that Deſign was for the
neſs refolvid to go to Bridgewater for preſent to be laid aſide ; and that, in-
a few Days, and to ſummon thither Stead thereof, thoſe Counties, according
7
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in the Reign of King CH AR-LES T.
38 g
to their several known Proportions, his new Årmiy, at a greater Diſtance
would in a very ſhort Time, raiſe, and from the King's Forces.
arm, fix thouſand Foot; beſides the. Prince Rupert; who now met witli
Prince's Guards, which would be full very little Oppoſuion in Council, had
two thouſand more į not reckoning thoſe throughout the Winter, difpored the
of the Lord Goring's which were fifteen, King to r folve to march Northwards,
hundred, but including the Foot of sir and to. fall. upon the Scots Army in
John Berkley, and Sir Richard Green- York:hire, befcre Fairfax ſhould be able
vil ihen before Taunton; which all to perfeEt his new Model to that Degrees
Men concluded would be reduced in as to take the field. This Deſign was
leſs than a Month. This Propoſition not unreaſonable nor the Prince to
being approv'd by the Prince, all Pur- blame for deſiring to take Revenge of
ticulars were agreed upon : The fe- them for what paffed the laſt Year ;
veral Days for the Rendezvous of the which now they were ſeparated from
new Levies, and the Officers to whom the Engliſh, who had indeed defeated
the Men were to be deliver'd, named; him, he believ'd was eaſy to be done.
and Warrants, iffued out acoordingly : That Purpoſe of marching Northward
All Things requiſite for the ſpeedy was now the more, haſten'd, that in
Reduction of Taunton order'd, and di- the Way, Chefier might be relieved 3
rected; ſo that, towards the taking which was then cloſely beſieg'd ; and
that Place, and the raiſing an Army then they might come ſoon enough to
ſpeedily, all Things ſtood lo fair, that PontefraEt-Caſtle, before which the
more could not be wiſhed.
Scots Army then was,; and if they
His Highneſs was no ſooner return'd could defeat that, the King would be
tc Briſtol from Bridgewater, which again, upon the. Matter, Maſter of
was on the laſt Day of April, than the North : Which, by the Inſolence
General Goring was ſent for by the of the Scots, and the Diſlike they had
King, to draw his Horſe and Dragoons of the new Model, was conceiv'd to
towards Oxford; that thereby his Ma. be better affected than ever, The
jeſty might free himſelf from Crom next Day after Goring came to the
well; who, with a ſtrong Party of King, the Army was drawn to a Ren.
Horſe and Dragoons, lay in wait, to dezvous, and conſiſted then of five
interrupt his joyning with Prince Rv. thouſand Foot, and above fix thou-
përt about Worceſter. How unwelcome fand Horſe"; an Army not to be rea-
ſoever theſe Orders were to the Lord. ſonably leſſened in the Beginning of a
Goring, yet there was no Remedy but Campaign, when the King was to ex-
he muſt obey them: And it was now, pect he ſhould have ſo much to do;
hoped, that the Weſt ſhould be here- and if it had been kept together, it is
after freed from him, where he was at very probable, that the Summer might
that Time very ungracious. He have been crown'd with better Succeſs:
march'd with that Expedition towards Fairfax. was then about Newbury,
the King, who was then at Woodſtock, not in Readineſs to march ;; yet: re-
that he fell upon a Horſe Quarter of ported to be much more unready than
Cromwells, and another Party of he was. It was ſaid, that his Deſign
Fairfax's Horſe, as they were attempt was to carry his whole Afmy to the
ing a. Paſſage over the River of Iſis, fo Relief of Taunton, brought almoſt to
proſperouſly (the very Evening before Extremity; which if he could bring
he came to the King) that he broke to paſs, would give him great Reputa-
and defeated them with a great Slaugh- tion, and would make the Parliament
ter, which gave him great Reputation, near Sharers with the King in the In-
and made him exceeding welcome : tereſt of the Weſt. Upon this Profa
And it was indeed a very ſeaſonable pęct, it was thought reaſonable, and
Action, to diſcountenance, and break accordingly propoſed, That. the King
ſuch a Party, in the Infancy of their bimſelf would march with his Army in-
new Model; and did break their pre to the Weſt; and thereby, not only pre-
fent Meaſures, and made Fairfax to vent the Relief of Taunton, but compel
appoint a new Place of Rendezvous for · Fairfax. to fight, befcre he ſhould be able
114
5 F
+
390
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to joyn with Cromwell; who had not raiſed Advantage to himſelf, upon the
yet gather'd his Troops together. This Prejudice he begot to others.
was the concurrent Advice of the whole Whereas the Truth of the Deſign
Council with which the King uſed to upon Taunton is before ſet down, with
conſult, Prince Rupert only excepted, all the Circumſtances; and Weller was
and Sir Marmaduke Langdale, who march'd beyond Saliſbury before the
commanded the Northern Horſe ; Lord Goring knew where he was; and
which were impatient to be in their confeffed, there was no overtaking
own Country. Now the very contrary him; and he had always receiv'd as
Affections towards each other, be- much Reſpect from the Prince and
tween Prince Rupert and the Lord Council, as could be given to a Sub-
Goring, began to cooperate to one and ject; being conſtantly call'd, and ad-
the fame End. The Prince found that mitted to Council when he was pre-
Goring, as a Man of a ready Wit, ſent; and when abſent, Opinions and
and an excellent Speaker, was like to Advices ſent to him from the Council,
have moſt Credit with the King in all upon fuch Particulars as himſelf pros
Debates; and was jealous, that, by poſed, with a full Reference to his
his Friendſhip with the Lord Digby, Diſcretion, to do, upon the Place, as
he would quickly get ſuch an Intereft he judged moſt meet : Yet, I ſay, he
with his Majeſty, that his own Credit got ſo much Credit, that the King,
would be much eclipſed. Hereupon, by his Letter of the Tenth of May to
he did no leſs deſire that Gornig ſhould the Prince, directed, That General Go.
return again into the Weſt, than Go- ring ſhould be admitted into all Confül-
ring did, not to be where Prince Ru- tations and Debates, and adviſed with-
pert commanded. This produced a al, as if he were one of the eſtabliſh'd
great Confidence and Friendſhip be- Council; that Prince Rupert : baving
tween them, and the Prince told him granted him Power to give Commiſions
all that
any
of the Council had ſpoken in that Army, all Commiffions to be
freely to him, when his Highneſs ab- granted ſhould paſs by General Goring ;
horr'd nothing more than that Goring and that none ſhould be granted by the
ſhould be near the Prince of Wales; Prince, in his own Name, 'otherwiſe
and Goring ſaid all of the Council, than in ſuch caſes as were of Relation
which he believ'd would moſt irrecon- meerly to the Ajociation : That the
cile him to them. So they both agreed Council ſhould contribute their Opinions
to do all they could, to leſſen the Cre- and Advices to General Goring, but
dit, and Authority of the Council. that his Highneſs should carefully for-
The King was deſir'd to receive the bear to give unto the Lord Goring ang
Information, and State of the Weſt, poſitive or binding Orders; whereas, by
from Goring ; who, upon the late good his Inſtructions, when he came from
Fortune he had, and by the Artifices Oxford, he was to put both his Com.
of the Lord Digby, was too eaſily be- miſſions, of Generaliſſimo, and of
liev'd. He inform’d the King with General of the Aſſociation in Execu-
all imaginable Confidence, That if, by tion, as he found moſt convenient ;
the poſitive Command of the Prince, con his Majeſty himſelf then entertaining
frary to his Opinion and Advice, bis very little Hope of the Aſſociation, as
Forces bad not been taken from him, and it was propoſed.; and therefore, by
applied to the Siege of Taunton, be had his Letters to the Prince of the twen-
doubtleſs ruin’dail Waller's Forces, and tieth of April, which came to him at
prevented the coming of thoſe Parties, Bridgewater, all the Aſignations for-
who bad given bis Majeſty so much merly made towards the Alſociation,
Trouble at Oxford : That he had been were directed to be diſpoſed, and con-
always uſed, upon kis Reſort to the verted to ſuch Uſes, as by the Advice
Prince, with great Diſreſpect, being of his Council ſhould be found' moſt
not calld into the Council, but put in advantageous to the Service of thoſe
an Attendance without, amongſt inferior Parts; and thereupon the Levies were
Suitors; and then told many particular conſented to, and directed as is before
Paffages at Bridgewater, of which he mention'd. With thele triumphane
Orders,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 300
And yet
.
Orders, the Lord Goring return’d in- bis Arriy, ſate dovon before Oxford.
to the Weſt; where we ſhall now This could not but make ſome Altera-
leave hiin, and wait upon his Majeſty, tion, at leaſt a Pauſe in the Execution
in this unfortunate March, unuill we of the former Counſels :
find Cauſe enough to lament that Oxford was known to be in ſo good a
Counſel, which ſo fatally diſmiſſed Condition, that the Loſs of it could
Goring, and his Forces, at a Time, in not in any Degree be apprehended;
which, if he had been born to ſerve and nothing could more reaſonably
his Country, his Preſence might have have been wiſh'd, than that Fairfax.
been of great Uſe and Benefit to the hould be throughly engaged before
King; which it was never after on any it: And it was concluded, That the
Occaſion.
beſt Way to draw him from thencey
When Goring was thus ſeparated would be to fall upon ſome place poffeſſed
from the King's Army, his Majeſty by the Parliament.
marchd to Eveſham; and in his Way, They had no Town ſo conſiderable
drew out his Garriſon from Cambden- near the Place where the King then
Houſe: Which had brought no 0 was as Leiceſter, in which there was a
ther Benefit to the Publick, than the good Garriſon, under the Command
enriching the licentious Governor of Sir Robert Pye; and Prince Rupert,
thereof; who exerciſed an illimited who was always pleas'd with any briſk
Tyranny over the whole Country, and Attempt, chearfully entertain'd the firſt
took his Leave of its in wantonly Motion, and ſent Sir Marmadukė.
burning the noble Structure, where he Langdale forthwith to ſurround it
had too long inhabited, and which; (which was of great Extent) with his
not many Years before, had coſt above Horſe; and the next Day, being the
thirty thouſand Pourds the building. laft of May, the whole Army was
Within few Days after the King left drawn about the Town, and the Prince;
Eveſham, it was ſurprized by the
Ene- having taken a View of it, command-
my, or rather ſtorm'd and taken for ed a Battery to be, forthwith raiſed
Want of Men to defend the Works; againſt an old high .Stone Wall, on
and the Governor and all the little the South Side of the Town; which,
Garriſon made Priſoners. The Loſs by his own continual Preſence, was
of this place was an ill Omen to the finiſh'd with admirable Diligence :
fucceeding Summer; and, upon the Which done, he fent a Summons to
Matter, cut off all the Intercourſe the Governor; who return'd ſuch an
between Worceſter, and Oxford; nor Anſwer as was required. Thereupon
was it at all repair’d by the taking of the Battery began to play; and, in
HawkeſleyHouſe in Worceſterſhire ; the Space of four Hours, made ſuch a
which the Rebels had fortified, and Breach, that it was thought counſella-
made ſtrong, and which the King's ble, the fame Night to make a gene-
Army took in two Days, and therein ral Affault with the whole Army, in
the Governor, and one hundred and ſeveral Places; but principally at the
twenty Priſoners; who ſerv'd to re Breach.; which was defended with
deem thoſe who were loſt in Eveſham. great Courage and Reſolution info-
And ſo, by eaſy and flow Marches the much, that the King's Forces were
Army proſecuted their way towards twice repulſed with great Loſs and
Cheſter. But, in Staffordſhire, the Slaughter; and were even ready to.
Lord Byron, who was Governor of draw off in Deſpair : When another
Cheſter, met the King'; and inform’d Party on the other side of the Town,
him, That the Rebels, upon the Noiſe under the Command of Colonel Pages
of bis Majeſty's Advance, were drawn ſeconded by a Body of Horſe that
off; and 10 there was no more to be came but that Day from Newark, and,
done, but to proſecute the former De- putting themſelves on Foot, advanced
fign; which was now intended, and with their Swords and Piſtols, with the
the Army upon its March accordingly; other, enter'd the Town ; and made
when Intelligence was brought, That Way for their Fellows to follow them :
Fairfax had sent a ſtrong Party to re- So that, by the break of Day, the Af-
lieve Taunton, and was birſelf, with fault having continued all the Night,
all
3
1
392
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
all the King's Army enter'd the Line. tions, Hawkelly-11041fe in Worceſter-
Then the Governor, and all the Offi. fhire, and the Tocon of Leiceſter : Whilſt
cers and Soldiers, to the Number of their new Generai Fairfax had caly fa-
twelve hundred; threw down their ced Oxford et a Diſtance, to try webe-
Arms, and became Priſoners of War : sther the Ladies would prevail for the
Whilſt the Conquerors purſued their giving up of the Town, to pacify their
Advantage with the uſual Licenſe of Fears; and had attempted to take, a poor
Rapine, and Plunder, and miſerably Houſe that lay near, Borſtal-Houſe,
fack'd the whole Town, without any and had been beaten from thence with
Diſtinction of Perſons, or Places ; conſiderable Loſs, and bad drawn. off
Churches, and Hoſpitals, as well as from both, very little to his Honour.
other Houſes, were made a Prey to Theſe Diſcourſes - were ſo publick in
the enraged and greedy Soldier, to the City, and had ſo much Credit in
the exceeding Regret of the King ; both Houſes of Parliament, that they
who well knew, that, how diſaffected exceedingly deſired Peace, and exer-
ſoever that Town was generally, there ciſed their Thoughts only how they
were yet many who had faithful might revive the old Treaty, or fet a
Hearts to hiin, and who he heartily new one on Foot; when the evil Ge-
wiſh'd might be diſtinguiſh'd from the nius of the Kingdom in a Moment
reſt : But choſe Seaſons admit no Dif- ſhifted the whole Scene.
ference of Perſons.
Though the
Leiceſter was a Poſt, where the King
Place was well gotten, becauſe ſo lit- might, with all poſfible Convenience
tle Time had been ſpent in the getting and Honour, have fate ftill, till his
it, yet it was not without very confi- Army might have been recruited, as
derable Loſs on the King's Side ; there well as throughly refreſhed. Colonel.
being near two hundred Soldiers dead Gerrard was upon his March towards
upon the Places of Alfault, with ma him from Wales, with a Body.of three
ny Officers; Colonel Saint George, thouſand Horſe and Foot : 'And he
and others of Name; beſides' many. had reaſon to expect, that the Lord
more wounded and maimed. The: Goring would be very ſhortly with
King preſently made the Lord Lough-i him with his Horſe; for he was not
borough, a younger Son of the Earl of departed from the King above four.or-
Huntington; and one who had ſerv'd five Days, with thoſe Orders which
him eminently.from the Beginning of were mention'd before. (and with
the War, Governor of Leiceſter; and which he was ſo well pleaſed) buc
Sir Matthew Appleyard, a Soldier of that the King ſaw Cauſe to repent his
known Courage and Experience, his Separation, and fent.other Orders to
Lieutenant Governor.
recall him as ſoon as was poffible. But
The taking of Lieceſter, the chief the King's Fate, and the natural Un-
Town of that Province, even as ſoon readineſs and Irreſolution of thoſe a-
as he came before it, and in that bout him, hurried him into Counſels
Manner, purely by an Act of great very diſagreeable to the Poſture he was
Courage, gave the King's Army great in. He knew not that Fairfax was
Reputation, and made a wonderful gone from Oxford ; and the Intelli-
Impreſſion of Terror upon the Hearts gence which ſome Men pretended to
of thoſe at Weſtminſters who now re have receiv'd, was, That it was in
volv'd the Conditions, which were of- Diſtreſs. The Duke of Pork remain'd
fer'd at Uxbridge'; . which they had there; the Council, many Lords and
refuſed. They began to curſe their Ladies, who ſent Intelligence to their
New Model ; and to reproach thoſe Friends, and all the Magazines were
who had perſwaded them ſo ungrateful there, and if all theſe ſhould fall into
ly to throw off their old General, who the Enemies Hands, Leiceſter would
was ready to foment all their Diſcono appeara very poor Recompence.
It was not above twenty Days, Theſe Particulars being unſkilfully,
that the King's Army had been in the yet warmly preſſed by thoſe who could
Field, and in that ſort Time, it bad not be underſtood to mean amils, the
reduced'two ſtrong Garriſons of theirs, King reſolv’d to march directly for
without giving the Soldiers any Condi. Oxford; and in order thereunto, with-
tents.
in
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
393
in five Days after the taking of Leice to fight with ſo victorious Troops a3
fer, he appointed the Rendezvous for the King's were ; and therefore that
his Army; where he miglit yet very it was beſt to find them out, whilſt
reaſonably have been diſcouraged from their Fear was yet upon them : All
proſecuting that Intention ; for it then: Men concluding that to be true, which
appear'd evidently, how very much it their own Wiſhes ſuggeſted to them.
was weaken'd by, and ſince that Ac- So the Army marched to Deventry in
tion, by the Loſs of thoſe who were Northamptonſhire: Where, for Wang
killed and wounded in the Storm; by of knowing where the Enemy was, or
the abſence of thoſe who were left in what he intended to do, the King re-
the Garriſon ; and by the running a- main’d in a quiet Poſture the Space of
way of very many with their Plunder, five Days.
who would in few Days have return'd. Upon the thirteenth of June, the
The Number of the King's Foot King receiv'd Intelligence, that Fair:
which remain'd, did not amount to fax had advanced to Northempion with
above three thouſand five hundred ; a ſtrong Army, and much ſuperior to
which was not a Body ſuſficient to fight the Numbers he had formerly been
a Battle for a Crown. Then, all the advertiſed of. Whereupon, his Ma-
Northern Horſe, who had promiſed jeſty retir’d the next Day to. Farbo-
themſelves, and were promiſed by the rough; and meant to have gone back
King, that they ſhould go into their to Leiceſter, that he might draw more.
own Country, were ſo diſpleaſed with Foot out of Newark, and ſtand upon
this new Reſolution, that they were his Defence, till the other Forces
with great Difficulty reſtrain'd from which he expected, could come up to
diſbanding; and, though they were at him. But, that very Night, an A-
laſt prevail'd with to march, were not larm was brought to Harborough, that
enough recover'd to be depended up- Fairfax was quarter'd within fix
on in any ſudden Action. Notwith. Miles. A Council was preſently callid,
ſtanding all this, the March was con-
the former Reſolution of retiring pre-
tinued; the next Day, at Harborough, fently laid aſide, and a new one as
the Intelligence came, That Fairfax quickly taken, to Fight; to which
was drawn off from Oxford, without there was always an immoderate Appe-
having ever approached ſo near it, as to ţite, when the Enemy was wiſhin any
diſcharge one Piece of Cannon upon it; Diſtance. They would not ſtay to
that be had been beaten off from Borſtal- expect his coming, but would go back
Houſe with the Loſs of Officers, as well to meet him. And ſo in the Morning
es Soldiers ; and that, be was marcb'd early, being. Saturday, the Fourteenth
with his whole Army to Buckingham. of June, all the Army was drawn up,
But this kindled a greater Appetite to upon a riſing Ground of very great
find him out, than there was before. Advantages about a Mile South from
Indeed there was leſs Reaſon to march Harborough (which was left at their
Northward, ſince they might well ap- Back) and there put in order to give
prehend the Scots Army in their Face, or receive the Charge.
The main
and Fairfax in their Rear. But there Body of the Foot was led by the Lord
was the fame Reaſon ftill for their re- Afley (whom the King had lately
tiring back to Leiceſter or to Worceſter, made a Baron) conſiſting of about
where they might expect, and could two thouſand and five hundred Foot;
not fail of an Addition of Forces to the the right Wing of Horſe, being about
Army; and where the Enemy, who two thouſand, was led by Prince Rit-
muſt now be oblig'd to find them out, pert; the left Wing, conſiſting of all
muſt come with many Diſadvantages. the Northern Horle, with thoſe from
Theſe Confiderations were all laid.a- Newerk, which did not amount to a-
ſide, and every body believ'd, that bove ſixteen hundred, was command-
Fairfax his Army was much diſpirited, ed by Sir Marmaduke Langdale; in the
by having fail'd in their two firft En- Reſerve, were the King's Life-Guard,
terprizes; and that it was now led out commanded by the Earl of Lindſey;
of the Way, that it might recover and Prince Rupert's Regiment of Foop
Courage, before it ſhould be brought (both which did make very. lietle above
116
5 G
eight
394 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
eight hundred) with the King's Horſe- be relied upon, where all Conduct
Guards, commanded by the Lord failed ſo much.
Bernard Stuart (newly made Earl of It was about ten of the Clock, when
Lichfield) which made that Day above the Battle began: The firſt Charge
five hundred Horſe.
was given by Prince Rupert; who,
The Army, thus diſpoſed in good with his own, and his Brother Prince
Order, made a Stand on that Ground Maurice's Troop, perform'd it with
to expect the Enemy. About eight his uſual Vigour; and was ſo well
of the Clock in the Morning, it be- ſeconded, that he bore down all be-
gan to be doubred, whether the In- fore him, and was Maſter of ſix Pieces
telligence they had receiv'd of the E- of the Rebels beſt Cannon. The Lord
nemy was true. Upon which the Aſtley, with his Foot, though againſt
Scout-Maſter was ſent to make farther the Hill, advanced upon their Foot;
Diſcovery; who, it ſeems, went not who diſcharged their Cannon at them,
far enough; but return'd and averr’d, but over-ſhot them, and ſo did their
That be bad been three or four. Miles Muſqueteers to. For the Foot on ei-
forward, and could neither diſcover, ther Side hardly ſaw each other till
nor bear cny Thing of themi: Preſent- they were within Carabine Shot, and
ly a Report was raiſed in the Army, ſo only gave one. Volley; the
That the Enemy was retired. Prince . King's Foot, according to their uſual
Rupert thereupon drew out a Party of Cuſtom, falling in with their Swords,
Horſe and Muſqueeeers, both to dif- and the But-ends of their Muſquets;
cover ant engage them, the Army with which they did very notable
remaining ſtill in the fame Place and Execution and put the Enemy into
Poſture they had been in. His Higha great Diſorder and Confuſion. The
neſs had not march'd above a Mile, right Wing of Horſe being thus for-,
when he receiv'd certain Intelligence ' tunately engaged and advanced, the
of their Advance, and in a ſhort Time left : Wing, under Sir Marmaduke
after, he ſaw the Van of their Army, Langdale, in five Bodies, advanced
but it ſeems not ſo diſtinally, but that with equal Reſolution ; and was en-
he conceivd they were retiring. counter'd: by Cromwell, who com-
Whereupon he advanced nearer with manded the right Wing of the Ene-
his Horſe, and ſent back, That the my's Horſe, with ſeven Bodies great-
Army ſhould märch up to him; and the er, and more numerous than either
Meſſenger who brought the Order ſaid, of the other ; and had, beſides
That the Prince deſir’d they ſhould make the Odds in. Number, the Advantage
Haſte. Hereupen 'the Advantage of the Ground; for the King's were
Ground was quitted, and the excellent obliged to march up the Hill, before
Order they were in, and an Advante they could charge them : Yet they
made towards the Enemy, as well as did their Duty, as well as the Place,
,might be. By that Time they had and great Inequality of Numbers
„march'd about a Mile and an half, the would enable them to do. But being
Horſe of the Enemy was diſcern'd to flanked on both Sides by the Enemies
ſtand upon a high Ground about Horſe, and preſſed hard, before they
Naſeby; whence, ſeeing the Manner. could get to the Top of the Hill, they
of the King's March, in a full Cam- gave back, and fed farther and faſter
-paign, they had Leiſure and Opportu- than became them.. "Four of the Ene-
nity to place themſelves, with all the my's Bodies, cloſe, and in good Or-
Advantages they could deſire. The der, follow'd them, that they might
Prince's natural Heat and Impatience, not rally again ; which they never
could never bear an Enemy long in thought of doing; and the reſt charge
View; nor' let him believe that they ed the King's Foot, who had till then
had the Courage to endure his Charge. fo much tie Advantage over theirs ;
Thus the Army was engaged before the whilſt Prince . Rapert with the righé
Cannon was turn'd, or the Ground Wing purſued thoſe Horſe which he-
made Choice of on which they were to had broken and defeated.
fight : So that Courage was only to The King's Reſerve of Horſe,
1
which
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. ' 395
-
N
which was his own Guards, with him- der, nor could be brought to make a
felf in the Head of them, were even ſecond Charge again the fame Day :
ready to charge thoſe Horſe who pur. Which was the Reaſon, that they had
ſued his left Wing, when on a ſudden, not an entire Victory at Edge-hill :
ſuch a panick Fear ſeized upon them, Whereas the other Troops, if they
that they all run near a quarter of a prevail'd, or though they were beaten,
Mile without ſtopping; which hap- and routed, preſently rallied again,
pend upon an extraordinary Accident, and ſtood in good Order, till they
that hath feldom fallen out, and might receiv'd new Orders. · All that the
well diſturb and diſorder, very reſo- King and Prince could do, could not
lute Troops, as thoſe were, and the rally their broken Troops, which ſtood
beſt Horſe in the Army. The King, in fucffiient Numbers upon the Field,
as was ſaid before, was even upon the though they often endeavour'd it, with
Point of charging the Enemy, in the the manifeſt Hazard of their own Per-
Head of his Guards, when the Earl of ſons. So that, in the End, the King
Carnewarth, who rode next to him (a was compelled to quit the Field ; and
Man never ſuſpected for Infidelity, to leave Fairfax Maſter of all his
nor yet one from whom the King Foot, Cannon, and Baggage; amongſt
would have receiy'd Counſel in ſuch a which was his own Cabinet, where his
Caſe) on a ſudden, laid his Hand on moſt ſecret Papers were, and Letters
the Bridle of the King's Horſe, and between the Queen and him ; of
ſwearing two or three full mouthed which they ſhortly after made that
Scottiſh Oaths (for of that Nation he barbarous Uſe as was agreeeable to
was) ſaid, Will you go upon your their Natures; and publiſh'd them in
Death in an Inſtant ? and before his Print; that is, ſo much of them, as
Majeſty underſtood what he would they thought would aſperſe either of
have, turn'd his Horſe; upon which their
. Majeſties, and improve the Pre-
a Word run through the Troops, judice they had raiſed againſt them;
That they Bould march to the right and conceald other Parts, which
Hand; which led them both from would have vindicated them from ma-
charging the Enemy, and aſſiſting ny Particulars with which they had
their own Men. Upon this they all aſperſed them.
turn'd their Horſes, and rode upon I ſhall not ſtay, in this place, to
the Spur, as if they were every Man mention the Names of thoſe noble
to ſhift for himſelf.
Perſons who were loſt in this Battle ;
It is very true that upon the more when the King, and the Kingdom
ſoldiery Word ſtand, which was ſent were loſt in it. Nothing can be here
after them, many of them return’d to more wonder'd at, than that the King
the King; though the former unlucky ſhould amuſe himſelf about forming a
Word carried more from him. By new Army in Counties which had
this Time Prince Rupert was return'd been vexed, and worn out with the
with a good Body of thoſe Horſe, Oppreſſions of his own Troops, and
which had attended him in his prof- the Licence of thoſe Governors whom
perous Charge on the right Wing, he had put over them ;, and not have
but they having, as they thought, immediately repaired into the Weſt,
acted their Parts, could never be where he had an Army already
brought to rally themſelves again in form’d, and a People, generally, well
Order, or to charge the Enemy. devoted to his Service; whither all
That Difference was obſerv'd all along, his broken Troops, and General Ger-
in the Diſcipline of the King's Troops, rard, might have tranſported them.
and of thoſe which march'd under the felves, before Fairfax could have gi-
Command of Fairfax, and Cromwell ved them any Interruption; who had
(for it was only under them, and had ſomewhat to do, before he could bend
never been remarkable under* Eſſexy his Courſe that Way.
or Waller) that, though the King's The Sickneſs which infeſted Briſtol,
Troops prevail'd in the Charge, and and which was thought to be the
routed thoſe they.charged, they ſel- Plague, had made it neceſſary for the
dom rallied themſelves again in Or- Prince of Wales to remove from thence:
And,
1
396, The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
And ro Place was thought ſo conve- thoſe Letters, and to haften away a
nient for his Reſidence as Barnſtable, Diſpatch to the King concerning them,
a pleaſant Town in the North Part of the Lord Goring took as much Care
Devonſhire, well fortified, with a good to publiſh them; and from that Time
Garriſon in it, under the Command expreſſed all poſſible Contempt at
of Sir Allen Apfley. And, as his leaſt of the Council attending the
Highneſs was upon his Way thither, Prince. However, within three Days,
he receiv'd the Orders which the Lord there was another Change; for the
Goring, who was now return’d, had Lord Digby, by his Letters to the
procured from the King; which he Lords of the Council, of the nine-
carefully tranſmitted to his Highneſs, teenth of May, within five Diys after
as ſoon as he arriv'd. At the ſame the former, ſignified his Majeſty's
Time, the Lord Colepepper receiv'd a- Pleaſure, that the Lord Goring Mould
nother Letter from the Lord Digby, march forthwith towards Northamp-
dated four Days after the former Or- tonſhire with all the Forces could be
ders, by which he ſignified The King's ſpared; and that the Prince himſelf
expreſs Pleaſure, that the Lord Goring should ſtay at Dunſtar-Caſtle, and encou-
mould command thoſe Forces in chief ; rage the new Levies : It being (I pre-
that Sir. Richard Greenvil ſhould be fume) not known at Court, that the
Mejor General of the whole Army; that Plague which had driven him from
Sir John Berkley, as Colonel General Briſtol, was as hot in Dunſtar Town,
of Devon and Cornwal, pould intend juft under the Walls of the Caſtle.
the Work before Plymouth; and that At the ſame Time, a Letter to the
Prince Rupert would ſend bis Ratifica. Lord Hopton from the King, order'd
tion of all theſe; that the Lord Hopton him to command the Forces under the
Should attend bis Charge at the Army, Prince.
Prince. The Prince was then, as is
as General of the Artillery. To which faid before, in his Way to Barnſtable;
Purpoſe, his Majeſty with his own having left five hundred of his Guards
Hand writ to the Lord Hopton ; And to keep the Fort in Briſtol, the Garri-
that the Prince fhould not be in the Ar- ſon being then very thin there, by
.my, but keep bis Reſidence in a ſafe reaſon of ſo mary drawn from thence
Garriſon ; and there, by the Advice of for the Service before Taunton.
his Council, manage and improve the General Goring, upon his Return
Buſineſs of the Weſt, and provide Re- from the King, found Taunton reliev'd
ſerves, and Reinforcements for the Army: by a ſtrong Party of two thouſand
With an Intimation, That Mr. Smith's Horſe, and three thouſand Foot,
Houſe near Briſtol, would be a conve which unhappily arriv'd in the very
nient Place for his Reſidence.
Article of reducing the Town, and
The Prince and Council were much after their Line was enter'd, and a
amazed at there Orders and Reſolu- third Part of the Town was burn'd.
tions, ſo different from thoſe which But this Supply raiſed the Siege, the
had been made ; and therefore they Beſiegers drawing off without any
thought it fit to conceal them, till Loſs; and the Party that reliev'd
they might repreſent faithfully to his them, having done their work, and
Majeſty the State and Condition of leff ſome of their Foot in the Town,
thoſe Parts, and their Advice there- made what Haftë they could, to make
upon :
Well knowing, that if it their Retreat Eaſtward; when Goring
were believ'd in the County, that the fell fo opportunely upon their Quar-
Prince's Authority was in the leaſt ters, that he did them great Miſchief;
Manner ſuperſeded, or diminiſhed, and believ'd that, in that Diſorder, he
beſides other Inconveniences, the had ſo ſhut them up between narrow
hopeful Levies upon the Agreement at Paſſes, that they could neither retire
Bridgewater, would be in a Moment to Taunton, or march Eaſtward ; and
determin'd; the Gentlemen who were doubtleſs he had them then at a great
to raiſe Regiments, profeſſing, That Advantage ; by the Opinion of all
they would receive no Coinmiſions but Men that knew the Country. But,
from his Highneſs. But whatever Care by the ill diſpoſing his Parties, and
they us'd to conceal the Matters of fór Want of particular Orders, his two
Parties
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
397
Parties fent out, ſeveral Ways, to fall them Properties only to his ownEnds.
upon the Enemy at Petherton-Bridge, In this Conjuncture, the King's
the one commanded by Colonel Letter came to the Lord Goring, to
Thornbill, the other by Sir William march towards Northamptonſhire ; to
Courtney (both diligent, and ſober which he return’d an Anſwer by an
Officers) fell foul of each other, to the Expreſs, before he deſir'd the Prince's
Loſs of many of their Men; both the Directions; though he was diligenc
chief Officers being dangerouſly hurt, enough to procure his Highneſs's
and one of them taken before they Opinion for the Reſpit of his March.
knew their Error; through which the The Truth is, the Aſſurance he
Enemy with no more Loſs got into, gave of reducing thoſe Forces within
and about Taunton ; notwithſtanding very few Days; the leaving all
which untoward Accident, General the Weſt to the Mercy of the Re-
Goring was, or ſeemd, very confi- bels, if he went before they were re-
dent that he ſhould ſo diſtreſs them, duced; the Danger of their marching
that the Place would be the ſooner re in his Rear, and carrying as great an
duced, by the Relief that had been Addition of Strength to the Enemy,
put into it, and that in few Days they as General Goring could carry to the
would be at his Mercy.
King, except he carried with him the
This was before the latter end of Forces of the ſeveral Garriſons, which
May; when, upon the Confidence of were then joyn'd to him, made it very
ſpeedily diſpatching that Work, all counſelable to ſuſpend a preſent Obe-
poffible Care was taken to ſupply him dience to thoſe Orders, till his Ma-
with Proviſions, and to ſend all the jeſty might receive, the full and true
new levied Men, and his Highneſs's State of his Affairs, in thoſe Parts; to
own Guards thither. 'Inſomuch, as he which Purpoſe, an Expreſs was ſent
had within few Days a Body of full likewiſe by his Highneſs to the King.
five thouſand Foot, and four thouſand In the mean Time, General Goring
Horſe ; which he quarter'd at the was ſo far from making any Advance
moft.convenient Places ; rather for upon Teunton, that he grew much
Eaſe than Duty; having publiſh'd Or more negligent in it, than he had
ders, under Pretence of preſerving the been; fuffer'd Proviſions, in great
Country from Plunder, and with a Quantities, to be carried into the
Promiſe of moſt exemplary Diſcipline, Town, through the midſt of his Men';
That fix Pence a Day ſhould be colleEted neglected and diſcouraged his own
for the Payment of each Trooper ; to Foot ſo much, that they ran away
which he got the Commiſſioners Con- faſter than they could be ſent up to
fent ; by Virtue" whereof, he raiſed him; and gave himſelf wholly to Li-
great Sums of Money, without the cence; inſomuch that ſometimes he
leaſt Abatement of the former Diſor was not ſeen abroad, in three or four
ders: Yet he proceeded with ſuch Days together. At this Time came
popular Circumſtances, ſending moſt the News of the fatal Blow at Nafeby,
ſpecious Warrants out, and Declara- which freed him from any Fear of be-
tions for Reformation ;. ſometimes de- ing drawn out of the Weſt; yet he uſed
firing, That foleinn Prayers might be no Expedition to attempt any Thing
ſaid in all Churches for him ; and to upon the Enemy, who were exceed-
defire God to bleſs Jomie Attempt he had ingly diſhearten'd ; but fuffer'd the
then in hand ; always uſing extreme Guards to be more negligently kept;
Courtſhip to the Commiſſioners, that inſomuch that his Quarters were often
with his Promiſes, Proclamations, beaten up, even in the Day-time;
and Courtſhip, together with laughing whilſt ſome principal Officers of his
at thoſe Perſons they were angry at, Army, as Lieutenant General Porter,
he had wrought himſelf into very po- and others, with his Leave; had ſeve-
pular Conſideration ; till they found, ral Parleys with the Officers of the
that he promiſed and publiſhed Orders, Rebels, to the very great Scandal:of
to no other purpoſe than 10 deceive the reft; who knew not what Inter-
them; and that, whilft he ſeem'd with pretation to make' of it, at a Time
them to laugh at other Men, he made that he uſed to mention the Perſon of
117'.
5 H
the
308
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the King with great Contempt, and .ly and cheerfully in the Buſineſs; other:
avow'd in all Places a virulent Diſlike wiſe, the Prince's Council ſhould do the
of the Prince's Council. Thus, after Work themſelves for him. All this be-
about ſix Weeks lying about Taunton, ing fo extravagant, it cannot be
the Forces whereof he promiſed to thought any Anſwer could be given to
confound (I mean thoſe that marched it, eſpecially it being ſaid to them as
to the Relief of it) within few Days, Friends, and not expreſy ſent to the
he was forced himſelf to retire, and Prince,
ſuffer them to joyn with Sir Thomas When the Prince firſt apprehended
- Fairfax; who in the Beginning of the Advance of Sir Thomas Fairfax to
July 'march'd towards thoſe Parts. the Weſt, he very earneſtly recom-
After the Prince came to Barnſtable, mended to the Lord Goring the State
though he very feldom receivid any of the Garriſons about Bridgewater,
Account from the Lord Gøring of eſpecially the Garriſon of Lamport;
what happen'd; he was informd by which was of ſo great Importance,
ſeveral Perſons.of Credit, That he was that, being well ſupplied, it had ſe-
much diſcontented ; and'expreſſed a great cured Bridgewater, and all that Part
Senſe of Diſreſpect, and Unkindneſſes of the Country. This Garriſon had
that be bad receiv'd. Therefore it been ſettled by the Lord Hopton, up-
was wiſh'd by them, That ſome Means on his firſt coming down to Taunton,
snight be found out, to ſettle a good Ur- after Vandruſke had raiſed the Block-
derſtanding with him, whereby be ade that. Colonel Windhan had laid
might be encouraged to an Alacrity in before it; and Sir Francis Mackworth
so important a Seaſon : And he having (who having been formerly Major Ge-
appointed to be at Tiverton on ſuch a neral to the Marquis of Newcaſtle,
Day, the Prince ſent thither Sir John was now, that Army being diffolv’d,
Berkley, Sir Hugh Pollard, and Colo- returning to his Command in the Low
nel Abburnham, to confer with him, Countries by his Majeſty's Leave) was
and to know what he deſir'd; the engaged by him, to take the Com-
Prince having rever denied to aſſiſt mand of it till, upon the Prince's
him, in any one Particular he had e- coming into thoſe Parts, a worthier
ver propoſed, or to grant him any Command could be provided for him;
Thing he had expreſſed a Deſire of. and before the Lord Goring's coming
Upon their meeting there, he carried to Taunton, he had fortify'd it to a
himſelf very high ; talked only of ge- good Degree. This Garriſon, from
neral Neglects put upon him by the the firſt Eſtabliſhment, had been
Prince's Council; that be had been pro- much malign'd by Colonel Windham,
miſed by the King to have the Command who deſir'd not to have another Go-
of the West, but that they had hinder'd vernor ſo near him, who was to re-
it; which Affront be requir’d to have ceive ſome of the Fruit that he had
repair'd, before he would do any Service before look'd on as his own, though
“upon the Enemy; with many bitter never aſſign'd to him; and then, up-
Invectives againſt particular Perſons; on ſome Differences between Sir John
Whereof, he ſaid, Prince Rupert bad Stawel, and Sir Francis Mackworth,
told him that ſome thought him not a it was more inveigh'd againſt : Infos
Man fit to be truſted. They had in- much as at the firſt coming down of
deed ſpoken freely to his Highneſs to the Prince to Briſtol, moſt of the Time
that Purpoſe, upon his very frankly dif was ſpent in Complaints from Sir John
courſing of him. In the End, theſe three Stawel of this Garriſon, and of the
Perſons preſſing him as Friends to deal forcing the Country to work, and con-
particularly with them, what would tribute to thoſe Fortifications. After
ſatisfy: himn; he told them, If he might the Lord Goring's coming to Taunton;
be preſently made Lieutenant General to he had, as a Compliment to Bridgewa-
the Prince, and admitted of his Council, ter, and to all the Gentlemen, who
and be promiſed to be ſworn of the were grown' angry
Lord
Privy Council, as ſoon as might be; and Hopton, upon their own Fancies, be-
to be Gentleman of the Prince's Beda fides the former Unkindneſfts he had
Chamber, be would. then proceed round. to Sir Francis Mackworth upon ſome
Diſputes
with my
in the Reign of King CHARLES Í.
399
more ; .nor
F
Diſputės they had had in the North which he might have done, if the Jea-
(where they were both General Offi- louſies and Animofities between parti-
cers) very much neglected, and op- cular Perſons could have been recon-
preſſed that Garriſon ; not only by "cil'd, and a Union been made amongſt
countenancing all Complaints againſt all Men who pretended to wiſh, and
it, but by taking away all the Contri- really did with, Proſperity to the King's
bution aſſign’d for the Support of it, Affairs; which were diſturbed, and
for the ſupplying his own Army; and even render'd deſperate, by the into-
exprelly inhibiting him by Force tolerable Pride of incorrigible Faction.
levy thoſe Rates, which the Prince Notwithſtanding the Orders, which
himſelf had aſſign’d to him. Info- had been made by the Commiſſioners
much as when the Club-Men of the of Devonſhire, for diſtributing the
County aſſembled together in great Contributions of that County, and in
Numbers, and, having taken tome which ſuch a Proportion was allign'd
Officers and Soldiers of that Garriſon for the Maintenance of the Forces be-
Priſoners, for requiring their juft fore Plymouth, as in Sir Richard Greena
Contributions in Money, or Provi- vil's own Judgment was ſufficient for
ſions, came up to the Walls of Lam- them; he had ſtill continued to levy
port, and diſcharged their Muſquets the whole Contribution, which he
upon the Works, and Sir Francis had done formerly; for fix thouſand
Mackworth thereupon with his. Horſe Foot, and twelve hundred Hosſe;
charged them, and killing one or two and ſaid, he could not ſubmit to the o-
of them, forced the reſt to run away, ther Diviſion and Retrenchment; for
the Lord Goring ſent him a very ſtrict that there was nothing algn'd, or left
Reprehenſion for ſo doing, and poſi- for the Payment of his: Men before
tively commanded him to dofiya no Taunton. He was told by the Com-
in any Cafe to diſturb or in- miffioners, That they were now a Part
jure thoſe people. This brought that of the Army, and liv'd as their Fellows
Garriſon fo low, that when it might did; that they had receiv'd no Money
have preſerv'd that Army, it had not from him ſince their going thither, but
two Days Proviſions in it; Sir Francis had had free Quarter as the rest of the
Mackworth, having been called to Army; and that it would prove of ill
wait upon the Prince's Perſon, as well Conſequence, and beget a Mutiny, if
by his own Choice (when he ſaw the they ſhould receive a weekly Pay, when
Carriage towards him, believing that none of the reſt did, nor any Army the
fome Prejudice to his Perſon brought King had in England. He anſwer'd
a Diſadvantage to the Place) as by none of their Reaſons'; .but poſitively
Prince Rupert's Advice; who promi- faid, he would ſpare none of the Contri-
fed, when he left the Prince at Barn- butions formerly align'd to him; though
ſtable, and viſited Goring, and Bridge-' the Commiſſioners had the fame Au-
water, To ſettle that Garriſon of Lam- thority now to take it away, as they
port, and make Colonel Windham Go- had then to diſpoſe it to him; and
vernor of it.
though it appear'd to be aſſign'd for
When the Prince came to Barnſta- the Maintenance of fo great à Force,
ble, he receiv'd the fatal News of the as was before fpoken of, and upon his
Battle of Naſeby, by the Noiſe and Undertaking, under his Hand, To take
Triumphs which the
Rebels made in the Town before Chriſtmas-day.
thoſe Parts for their Victory, without When this Account was preſented
any particular Information, or Account to the Prince, he found it neceffary,
from Oxford, or any credible Perſons; to confirm what was propoſed by the
which left fome Hope that it might Commiſſioners, without which thoſe
not be true, at leaſt not to that De- Garriſons could not be ſupported'; yet
gree that diſaffected People reported deferr'd the ſettling thereof, till he
it to be. However, at the worſt it came to. Bernſtable, being reſolv'd
concern'd him the more to be ſollici- ſpeedily to go thither; and, before his
tous to put the Weſt into ſuch a Pc- coming thither, had ſent to the Com-
ſture, that it might be able to repair miſſioners both of Devon and Cornwal
any Loſs the King had receiv'd ; to attend him ; which they did with-
in
2
400
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
in a Day or two after he came thither, the Fame of it had extended his Repu-
together with Sir John Berkley, and tation to a greater Diſtance.
Sir Richard Greenvil. The Commil The Prince was very unwilling to
fioners for Devon very earneſtly preſſed enter fo particularly upon the Com-
the ſettling the Contributions in the plaint of either County, as thereby to
Manner before propoſed, and the re be compelld to cenfure or diſcounte-
gulating the exorbitant Power of Sir nance Sir Richard Greenvil; who, he
Richard Greenvil, who raiſed what thought, might be applied very uſe-
Money he pleaſed, and committed fully to the publick Service. There-
what Perſons he pleaſed ; and the fore his Highneſs reſolvid, according
Commiſſioners from Cornwal preſented to the former Deſign, to commit the
a very ſharp Complaint againſt him, Buſineſs of Plymouih to Sir John Berk-
in the Name of the whole County, for ley; who might, without any Re-
ſeveral Exorbitancies, and ſtrange Acts proach to the other, diſcharge ſuch
of Tyranny exerciſed upon them: from Impriſonment as had lain long
That be had committed very many boneſt enough there, and who made no other
fubftantial Men, and all the Conſtables Pretence to the Contribution, than
of the Eaſt Part of the County, to Lyd according to the Affignments made by
ford Priſon in Devonſhire, for no Of- the Commmiſſioners; and to diſpoſe
fence, but to compel them to ranſom Sir Richard Greenvil to the Field, ac-
themſelves for Money; and that bis cording to his own Propoſitionſ for
Troops had committed ſuch Outrages which there was now the more ſeaſona.
in the Country, that they had been ble Opportunity, the Lord Goring
compelld, in open Sefions, to declare having then written to the Prince, To
against him ;
and to authorize the deſire Jiming that, in regard very many of
Country, in Caſe that he ſhould ſend bis Sir Richard Greenvil's Soldiers before
Troops in ſuch a Manner, to riſe, and Taunton were run away, inſomuch that
beat them out; which Declaration was of the two thouſand two hundred brought.
produc'd, ſign'd by all the Commiſ- thither by him, there were not fix hun-
fioners, who were moſt eminently and dred left, and that there could be no
zealouſy affected to his Majeſty; and ſuch Expedient to bring them back, or
was indeed no other than a denounc to encourage the new Levies, as by his
Ing War againſt Greenvil; and was Preſence in that Army, that he would
excuſed by them as an Act of Neceffi- fend Sir Richard Greenvil thither;
ty to compoſe the People, who would where he ſhould command as Field-Mar-
otherwiſe in the Inſtant have riſen, fhal: Thereupon, his Commiſſion of
and cut the Throats of all his Men. So Field-Marſhal of the aſſociated Army
that, whoever would have made a was deliver'd to him, with Direction
Judgment, upon what he heard from in the mean Time to abide with the
the Commiſſioners of Devon and Corn- Lord Goring; who was then before
wal at that Time, muſt have conclud- Taunton: Sir Fabn Berkley being at
ed, that Sir Richard Greenvil was the the ſame Time diſpatched to Ply-
moſt juſtly odious to both Counties, mouth.
that can be imagin'd. And no doubt About the Beginning of July, Sir
he had behaved himſelf with great Tbomas Fairfax enter'd into Somerſet-
Pride, and Tyranny over them ; fire; fo that General Goring found it
though the Diſcipline he exerciſed 0-. convenient to draw off from Taunton,
ver his Men at Plymouth, in keeping and ſeem'd to advance towards him,
them from committing any Diſorder, as if he intended to fight; fixing his
or offering the leaſt Prejudice to any Quarters between the Rivers about
Man (which, conſidering the great Lamport, very advantageouſly for De-
Allignment of Money he had, and fence, 'having à Body of Horſe and
the ſmall Numbers of Men, was no Foot very little inferior to the Enemy,
hard Matter to do) had raiſed him although by great Negligence he had
much Credit among the Country Peo- fuffer'd his Foot to moulder away be-
ple, who had liy'd long under the Li- fore Taunton, for Want of Proviſions,
cence of Prince Maurice's Army; and and Countenance; when the Horſeen-
joyd
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 481
joy'd Plenty, even to Exceſs and Riot. Briſtol, and others not come to him;
He had been there very few Days, appears, that when he roſe from Taun.
when the Enemy at Noon-day, fell ton, he had a Strength little inferior ro
into his Quarters, upon a Party of the Enemy.
Horſe of above a thoufand, command Sir Thomas Fairfax then no more
ed by Lieutenant General Porter; who purſued them, after this running a-
were fo ſurprized, that though they way, but left them Time enough to
were in a Bottom, and could not but refreſh and recover themſelves; whilſt
diſcern the Enemy coming down the he himſelf intended the Recovery of
Hill, half a Mile at the leaſt, yet the Bridgewater; which was exceedingly
Enemy was upon them, before the wonderd at; though it was quickly
Men could get upon their Horſes; diſcernd, he had good Reaſon to ſtop
they being then feeding in a Meadow; there. In the mean Time General
ſo that his Body was entirely routed, Goring ſpent his Time af Barnſtable,
and very many taken ;. and, the and thoſe Parts adjacent ; his Army
next Day, notwithſtanding all the quartering at Torrington, and over the
Advantages of Paffes; and Places whole North of Devon, and his Horſe
of Advantages another Party of the committing fuch intolerable Infolen-
Enemy's Horſe and Dragoons fell cies and Diſorders, as alienated the
upon the whole Army; routed its Hearts of thoſe who were beſt affected
took two Pieces of Cannons and to the King's Service. Inſtead of en-
purſued Goring's Men through Lam- deavouring to recruit his Army, or to
port, and drove them to the Walls put himſelf in a Readineſs and Poſture
of Bridgewater; whither the Lord to receive the Enemy, he ſuffer'd all
Goring in great Diſorder retir’d; and who had a mind, to depart; inlo-
ſpending that Night there, and leave much, as he writ to the Lord Colepep-
ing with them the Cannon, Ammuni. per, on the 27th of July, That he had
tion, and Carriages, and ſuch Soldiers not above thirteen hundred Foot left:
as were deſired, in equal Diſorder; When he was at Barnſtable, he gave
he retir'd into Devonſhire; the Coun- himſelf his uſual Licence of drinking
try People infeſting his March, and and then, inveighing againſt the
knocking all Stráglers, or wearied Prince's Council, laid, He would juſtin
Soldiers, on the Head. Upon that fy that they had been the Çauſe of the
Rout, which was no leſs than a Defeat Loſs of the Weſt'; inveighing likewiſe
of the whole Army, the Lord Goring in an unpardonable Dialect againſt the
retir'd to Barnſtable; from whence Perſon of the King, and diſcourſing
(the Prince being gone fome Days much of the Revenge he would take
before to Launceſton in Cornwalt he' upon thoſe who had affronted him
writ to the Lord Digby, That there was And in this Manner he entertain'd
.fo great a Terror, and Diſtraction as himſelf to the End of July, writing
mong his Mén, that he was confident; Letters of diſcontent to the Prince,
at that preſent, they could not be brought and the Lords; one Day complaining
to fight againſt half their Number. In for Want of Money, and deſiring the
the Letter he writ, That he had then Prince to ſupply that want, when he
(being within three Days after their well knew he wanted Supply for his
Rout, when very many Straglers were own Table; and never receiv'd Penny
not come up) between three and four of the publick Collections, or Contri-
thouſand Prince Rupert's Regiment butions : Another Day, deſiring,
being left in Bridgewater, confitting that all Straggling Soldiers might be
of above fifteen hundred Men, and ſent out of Cornwal, and drawn from
two hundred in Burrow, and five and the Garriſons, that he might advance
twenty hundred Horſe, beſides Sir upon the Enemy; and the next Day
Lewis Dives's Regiment," and all the propoſing, That all the Foot might be
Weſtern Horſe) lo that, by his Ac- put into Garriſons, for that they could
count, conſidering that there were not not be fit for the Field; So that before
leſs than one thouſand Men kill'd, and an Anſwer could be ſent to his laſt,
taken Priſoners, in thoſe two unlucky Letter, another commonly arrivd of
Days, and that.very many were run to
a different Temper.
J-18
Si:
5 I
1
402
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Sit Richard Greenvil grew again no the Forces beforé Plymouth to Sir John
leſs troubleſome and inconvenient, Berkley,they had promiſed him the prin-
than the Lord Goring. He had left cipal, Command of the Army under the
the Prince at Barnſtable, well pleaſed Prince : Whereas, the Truth is before
with his Commiſſion of Field-Marlhal, fet down, that-the Propoſition was
and more that he ſhould command a made by himſelf, both of quitting that
lone the blocking up of Lyme; which, Charge, and of Sir John Berkley's tak-
he reſolv'd, ſhould bring him in plen- inġ it, as the only fit Perſon,
ty of Moneys and in order to that, it We left the King at Hereford, . not
was agreed, that, on ſuch a Day ap- reſolv'd what Courſe to ſteer ; : Prince
pointed, so many Men from the Garri. Rupert gone to Briſtol, from whence
Jons of Dartmouth, Exeter, and Barn- he had maderia ſhort Viſit to the
ſtable, Mould be drawn to: Tiverton; Prince at Barnstable,, to give him an
where they pould receive. Orders from · Account of the ill Poſture he had' left
Sir Richarợ Greenvil, and joyn with the King in, and from thence went to
ſuch as be ſhould bring from the Lord Goring to conſult with him. And it
Goring, for making a Quarter towards was exceedingly wonder'd- at, that
Lyme ; and Orders iſſued from his when he ſaw in what, Condition he
was
Highneſs accordingly. Thoſe from (for he was then' before Taunton.), and
Exeter, according to Order, appear'd, the Number of his Horſe and Foot
at the Time ; and thoſe from Barn: (which every body then thought shad
ſtable and Dartmouth, march'd a Day's been his Buſineſs to be inform’d of)
Journey and more, towards Tiverton; he did not then haften Advice to the
but then, hearing that the Lord Go King, for his ſpeedy repair thither ;
ring was riſen from Taunton, made a but his chief Care was to ſecure Briſtol;
Halt; and ſent back to the Prince for which, ſurę at thạt Time he made not
Orders; who conceiv'd that, upon the leaſt queſtion of doing; and be-
the riſing of the Lord Goring, the liev'd the Winter would come ſeaſon-
Deſign of fixing à Quarter upon Lyme, ably for future Counſels.
would be diſappointed, and that it The King quickly left Hereford,
would be neceſſary to ſtrengthen Barn- and went to meet the Commiſſioners
ſtable, where his own Perſon was; and for. South Wales at Abergaveny, the
recall'd thoſe Men back thither; hav. chief, Town in Monmouthſhire. As
ing diſpatched Letters to Sir Richard they were for the moſt Part Perſons of
Greenvil, to acquaint him with the the beſt Quality, and the largeſt For-
Accidents that has diverted thoſe from tunes of thoſe Counties, ſo they had
Dartmouth andi Barnſtable ; but letting manifeſted' great Loyalty and. Affec-
him know, That, if 'the Deſign beld, tion, from the Beginning of the War,
thoſe of Barnſtable should meet, when by ſending many good Regiments to
and where he would appoint.
the Army, and with their Sons, and
Sir Richard Greenvil took an Occa: Brothers, and neareſt Kindred; many
ſion, from the Soldiers failing to meet, of whom had loſt their Lives bravely,
àt the Day appointed at Tiverton, to in the Field : They now made as
exclaim againſt the Prince's Council;' large and ample Profeſſions as ever,
and, the next Day, in a Cover direct- and ſeem’d to believe, that they ſhould
ed to Mr. Fanſhaw, who was Secreta- be able, in a very ſhort Time, to
ry of the Council ; without any Let- raiſe a good Army of Foot, with
ter, return'd the Commiſſion of Field- which the King might again look up-
Marſhal, formerly given him by the on the Enemy; and accordingly a-
Prince; and within two or three Days greed what Numbers ſhould be levied
after, on the fifth of July, he ſent a upon each of the Counties. From
very infolent Letter to the Lords of whence his Majeſty: went to Ragland-
the Council, complaining of many un- Caſtle, the noble Houſe of the Mar-
deferu'd Abuſes offer'd .to bim; imply, quis of Worceſter, which was well for-
ing, That the fame were faſten’d on bim tify'd, and garriſon'd by him ;, who
by them, , on the Behalf of Sir John' remaind then in it. There he refolvid
Berkley, told them, that when they to ſtay, till he ſhould ſee the Effect of
moved him to give over the Command of the Commiſſioners mighty Promiſes
.
But
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
403
But he found in a ſhort Time, that happy Diſcord in the Court, raiſed
either by the continual Succeſſes of the new Obſtructions; they who did not
Parliament Armies in all Places, the love Prince Rupert; nor were lov'd by
particular Information whereof was him, could not endure to think that
every Day brought to them, by Intel- the King ſhould be ſo wholly within
ligence from their Friends, or the his Power; and he himſelf was, far
Triumphs of their Enemies in Mon- from being importunate that his Ma-
mouth and Gloceſter, or by the renewid jeſty ſhould; proſecute his purpoſe,
Troubles, which the Preſence of their which he had not adviſed, though he
Governor, General Gerrard, gave them liked it well enough; and ſo would
(who had been, and continued to be, not be anſwerable for any Succeſs,
à paſſionate and unſkilful Manager of His Majeſty himſelf being too irreſo
the Affections of the People; as hav. lute, the Counſel was agaiņ changed,
ing govern’d them with extraordinary and the King marched to Cardiff;
Rigour, and with as little Courteſię where he had been very little Time,
and Civility towards the Gentry, as when he was inform’d, that Bridge-
towards the Common People) there water was loſt : And then they, who
was lịttle Probability of raiſing an Ar- had difſwadeự the King's Embarką.
my in thoſe Parts ; - where all Mention for Briſtol, were much exulted,
grew leſs affected, or more frighted, and thought themſelves
, good Coun
which produced one and the fame Ef- ſellors; though, in truth, the former,
fect. The King Itay'd at Ragland, Reſolution had been even then much
till the News came That Fairfax, af- better purſued; for nothing could have
ter be bad taken Leiceſter (which hinderd his Majeſty' from 'going ito
could not hold out longer than to make Exeter, and joyning all, his Forces s
honourable Conditions) was march'd which would have put him, in á Po-
into the West, and had defeated Goring's ſture much better than he was ever af-
Troops; at Lamport.; and at the ſame. terwards. Indeed the taking Bridge
Time, that the Scotiſh Army was upon water, which the King had been pera
its March towards. Worceſter, had ſwaded to believe a Plạce impregna.
taken a little Garriſon that lay between ble, could not but make great Impreſ-
Hereford and Worceſter by Storm; and.' fiors upon him, to think that he was
within it to the Sword betrayed, and conſequently not to
And Prince Rupert fent for all thoſe know whom to truſt. : It was in truth
Foot which were levied towards a new matter of Amazement to all Men, nor,
Army, and part of thoſe which bė. was it any Excuſe, that it was not of
longed tº General Gerrard, to ſupply
. Strength enough againſt ſo ſtrong an
the Garriſon at Briſtol : So that his Army; for it was ſo ſtrongly ſituated,
Majęſty ſeem'd now to have nothing and it might well have had all thoſe
in his Choice, but to tranſport himſelf Additions which were neceſſary, by
over the Severn to: Briſtol, and thence Fortifications, that it was inexcuſabłę
to have repair’d: to his Army in the in a Governor, that it did not refift
Weſt; which would have been much any the greateſt Strength that could
better done before, yet had been well come before it for one Week; and
done then; and the King reſolv’d to within leſs than this Time it was ſur
do ſo; and that the Horſe under. Ger- render'd and put into Fairfax?s Hands.
rard, and Langdale, ſhould find a That this prodigious Succeſs on the
Tranſportation over Severn, and then Enemies Side, ſhould break the Spirits
find the Way to him, whither he of moſt Men, and even çait them in-
ſhould be.
to Deſpair, is not at all to be wonderd
This was ſo fully reſolv'd, that his at;. but that it ſhould raiſe the Hopes
Majeſty went to the Water-ſide near of any that it would produce a Peace,
Cheptów; where Veſſels were ready to is very ſtrange; yet this Imagination
tranſport him, and where Prince Ru- did ſo much Harm, thar, Men gene
pert from Briſtol met him, very well rally neglected to make thar
, Prepara-.
pleaſed with the Reſolution he had tion againſt a powerful and
inſulting
taken, though he had not been privy Enemy, that was in their power to
to the Counſel. Here again the un have made, out of Confidence that the
Ofrer
404
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Offer of a Treaty would now prevail, Chriſtian, I muſt tell you, that God
and produce a Peace and every Man will not ſuffer Rebels to proſper, or his
abounded ſo much in his own Senſe on Cauſe to be ivert brown. And whatſoe-
this Point, that they were not capable ver Perſonal Puniſhment it ſhould pleaſe
of any Reaſon that contradicted it. The God to infilt upon me; muſt not make
Commiſſioners of all Counties, which me repine, much leſs to give over this
were the beſt Gentlemen, and of beſt Quarrel; wbich, by the Grace of God,
Affections, upon whom the King de- I am refolu'd againſt
, whatſoever it coſt
pended to apply the Common People mes, for I know my Obligations to be
to his Service, were ſo fully of this both in Conſcience, and Honour, neither
Opinion, that they made Cabals with to abandon God's Cauſes injure my Suca
the principal Officers of the Army, to ceffors, nor forſake ni Friends. Indeed
concur with them in this Judgment, I cannot flatter räyſelf with Expectation
and to contrive fome Way how it of good Succeſs, more than this, to end
might be brought to paſs; and too my Days with Honour, and a good con-
many
of them were weary of doing ſcience; which obliges me to continue my
their' Duty, or ſo much aſhamed of not Endeavout, as not deſpairing that God
having done it, that they profeſſed may in due Time ävenge his cion Caujë
.
themſelves to deſire it, aś leaſt as Though I muſt avow to all
ту Friends,
much as the reſt. This Temper ſpread that be that will stay with me at this
itfelf ſo univerſally, that it reach'd to Time, muſt expect, and reſolve, either
Prince Rupert himſelf; who writ his to die for a good Cause, or which is
Advice to that Purpoſe to the Duke of worſe, to live as miſerable in the mains
Richmond, to be preſented to the taining it, as the Violence of inſulting
King; who took that Occaſion, to Rebels can wake bin. Having thus.
write the enſuing Letëer to the Prince, truly and impartially ſtated my Caſe un-
with his ow: -Hand; which was ſo to you, and plainly told you me poſitive
fively an Expreſfion of his own Soul, Reſolutions, which, by the Grace of
that no Pen elſe could have written it, God, I will not alter, they being neither
and deſerves to be tranſmitted to Po- lightly or ſuddenly grounded, I earneſtly
fterīty, as à Pärt of the Portraiture of defire you not yti arry Ways to bearken
that excellent Perfon, which hath been after Treaties; aſſuring you, as low as
diſguiſed by falſe, or erroneous Copies I am, I will not do leſs than what was
from the true Original; and follows offer'd in my Name at Uxbridge; cona
in theſe Words.
felling that it was as great # Miracle
that they should agree to so much Reaſon,
From Cardif in the Beginning of the as that I bould be, within a Montb, in
Month of Aug. 1645. the Same Condition that I was imme-
didtely before the Battle of Nafeby,
Nephew,
Therefore, för "God's ſake, let us not
HIS is'occafiön’d by a Letter of flatter ourſelves with thefe Conceits ,
yours, that the Duke of Rich- and, believe me, the very Imagination
mond ſhew'd me Yeſternight. And firſt, that you are defirous of a Treaty, will
I alſüre you, I bäve been, and ever lofe me so much the fooner. Wherefore,
will be, Very cäreful to advertiſe you of as you love me, whatſoever jou bave al-
my Reſolutions, as ſoon 25 they are ta ready done, apply your Diſcourſe accord-
kén; and if I enjoyn’d 'Silence to that ing to my Refolutions, end Judgment.
which was no Secret, it was not my As for the Iriff, I offure you they Mall
Fdult; for' I thought it one, and I am not cheat me ; but it is poſſible they mery
Jure it cught 40 bave been so hów. As cozen themſelves : For be aſured, what
for the Opinion bf my Buſineſs, and your I have refuſed to the Englifh, I will
Counſel'thereupon, if I had any other not grant to the Iriſh Rebels, neder
Quarrel but the Defence of my Religion, truſting to that kind of People (of what
Crown'arid: Friends, you bad full Rea. Natüre foèver) more than I fee by their
Jon for your Advice. For I confeſs, that Astions; and I am fending to Ormond
ſpeaking either as to meer-Soldier, or ſuch a Diſpatch, as I am ſure will pleaſe
Siates-mán, Inuſt ſay, there is no Pro- you, and all bones Men ; B Copy
bability but of my Ruin; bitt as to whereof, by the next Opportunity, you
T
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
405
Attempt they could make upon the Charles Brandon, who had no leſs afa
Ball have.
Laſtly, be confident, I But it was the hard Fate of the King,
acould 1190 bave put you, nor myſelf, to that he could not provide what was fit
the trouble of this Létter, had I not a for his own Service, except he pro-
great Eſtimation of you, and a full Convided likewiſe for the Satisfaction of o-
fidence of your Friendſhip to
ther Men's Humours and Appetites.
Your &c. Gerrard had now, upon the Matter,
the Command of all the Forces the
When the King came to Cardif, he King had to truſt to in thoſe Parts ;
was entertain'd with the News, Tbat and he was of too impetuous a Nature;
the Scottiſh Army was ſet down before to ſubmit to any Thing for Conſcience,
Hereford, and that, if it were not re or Diſcretion, or Duty ; ſo that the
liev'd within a Month; it muſt fall in- King was compelld to ſatisfy his Am-
to their Hands. To provide for this, bition for this preſent Dagradation, by
there could be no better Way found making him a Baron ; and which was
out, than to direct the Sheriffs of thoſe an odd and a very fantaſtical Circum-
Well Counties to ſummon their Polle ſtance that attended it, for no other
Comitatus, whereby the King was per- Reaſon, than becauſe there was once
ſwaded to hope, that there would be an eminent Perſon, called Charles
Men enough to wait upon him in that Brandon, who was afterwards made a
Expedition; who with the Horſe he Duke, he would be created Baron of
.had, 'would have been equal to any Brandon, that there might be another
1
Scots. But it was quickly diſcover'd, piring. Thoughts than the former ;
that this Expedient had raiſed an un when he had no Pretence to the Lands
ruly Spirit, that could not eaſily be of Brandon; which belonged to, and
ſuppreſs'd again; for the diſcontented were, at that Time, in the Poffeffion
Gentlemen of thoſe Counties, now of a gallant and worthy Gentleman Sir
they had gotten the People legally to- Thomas Glembam; who at the ſame
gether, put them in mind of the Inju. Time: (very unluckily upon that Ac-
ries they had receiv'd from General count) came to the King at Cardiff,
Gerrard, and the intolerable Exaction with about two hundred Foot, which
they lay under, which would un- he had brought with him out of the
doubtedly be increaſed, if he continued Garriſon of Carliſle; which Place he
in that Government. So that, inſtead had defended for the Space of eleven
of providing Men to march with the Months againſt David Leſley, and till
King, they provided a long Liſt of all the Horſes of the Garriſon were
Grievances; from all which they de- eaten, and then had render'd; upon as
ſir'd to be reliev'd before they would honourable Conditions, as had been
apply themſelves towards the Relief of given upon any Surrender ; David
Hereford. All this was ſo ſturdily Leſley himſelf convey'd him to Heren
urged, that a Body of no leſs than ford, where he joyn’d with the other
four thouſand Men, of thoſe who were Part of the Army, and from thence
thus called together, continued toge- Sir Thomas Glembam (who was by his
ther many Days, and would not be ſe. Conditions to march to the King
parated, till the King was even com wherever he was) came to his Majeſty
pe!ld to give them Satisfaction in the at Cardif, at the Time when the Ti-
Particular they moſt infifted upon ; tle of his own Land, which came to
which was the Removal of General him by Inheritance, was conferr'd up-
Gerrard from having any Command on 4 Gentleman of another. Family:
over them; and that Charge was pre- Who, how well extracted foever, was
fently conferr'd upon the Lord Ajley, of leſs Fortune, and, as many thought,
the Major General of the Army; who of no greater Quality, or Merit.
was moſt acceptable to them; and This unſeaſonable Preferment more ir.
they afterwards conform’d themſelves ricated the Country, from which the
as much to his Directions, as from the King then expected Aſſiſtance, that
Diſtraction of the Time, and the con when they believ'd they had accuſed
tinual ill Succeſſes, could be expected him of Crimes which deſerv'd the
by him.
higheſt Cenſure, they ſaw him pre-
119
tend
5 K
406 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
there ;
tend to, and rewarded in an higher by their Advice, the Service of every one
Degree than he could ever probably whom you and They ſhall think fit to be
have arrived to, but for that Accuſa- employ'd in this Buſineſs ;, which I ex-
tion. Here the King, after all his peEt ſhould be performed, if Need require,
Endeavours were render'd fruitleſs, with all Obedience, and without grum-
entertain'd a new \magination, that he bling: This being all at this Time,
might get into Scotland to the Marquis from
of Mountroſe, who had done Wonders Your loving Father, Charles R.
and thereupon left Cardiff;
and, over the Mountains of Brecknock, About the middle of September, the
and Radnor; paſſed the Scotiſh Quar- Prince being at Exeter, the News
ters, and came to Ludlow, before that came of the fatal Loſs of 'Briſtol;
Army had any Notice of his March, which, as all ill Accidents at that
When the King came firſt to Rag- Time. did, caſt all Men on their Fa-
land, he had ſent an Expreſs to the ces; which ſudden and unexpected
Prince, by which he wiſh'd That the Loſs, was a new Earthquake in all the
Lord Colepepper, and the Chancellor little Quarters the King had left, and
of the Exchequer, might, as ſoon as was. no leſs broke all the Meaſures which
poſſible, attend his Majeſty. The Dan- had been taken, and the Deſigns
ger of the Way was ſuch, and the which had been contrived, than the
Paffage ſo difficult, that the Meſſenger' Loſs of the Battle of Naſeby had done.
came not quickly to his Highneſs. The King had made Haſte from Lud-
The Chancellor being then unfit to low, that the Scotiſh Army might no
travel by reaſon of the Gout, the Lord more be able to interrupt him; and
Colepepper made all poffible Haſte out with very little Reſt paſſed through
of Cornwal, where the Prince then Shropſhire, and Derbyſhire, till he
was, and found his Majeſty at Cardiff, came to Wellbeck, a Houſe of the
when he was departed from thence;. Marquis of Newcaſtle in Nottingham-
and waited on him to Becknock; from fire, then a Garriſon for his Majeſty;
whence he was again diſpatch'd with where he refreſhed himſelf and his
this Letter, to the Prince; which, Troops, 'çwo Days; and, as far as any
being the firſt Direction the King Reſolution was fixed in thoſe Days,
·gave of that Nature, is neceſſary to be the Purpoſe was, To march direEtly in-
here inſerted in ſo many Words. to Scotland, to joyn with the Marquis
of Mountroſe ;' who had, upon the
Brecknock, 5th Auguſt, 1645. matter, reduced that whole Kingdom.
Charles,
During his Majeſty's ſhort stay at
T is very fit for me now to prepare Wellbeck, the Governor of Newark,
for the Worſt, in order to which I with the Commiſſioners for Notting-
Spoke with Colepepper this Morning ham and Lincoln, repaired to him, as
concerning you“, judging it fit to give it likewiſe all thoſe Gentlemen of York-
you under my Hand, that you may give fire who had been in Pontefraxt-Caſtle
the readier Obedience to it. Wherefore (which, after a long and worthy, De-
know that my Pleaſure is, whenfoever fence, was lately, for meer Want of
you find yourſelf in apparent Danger of all kind of Proviſions, ſurrender'd
falling into the Rebels Hands, that you upon good Conditions; whereby, All
convey yourſelf into France, and there, the Soldiers had liberty to repair to their
to be under your Motheqi's Care; who is oston Houſes, and might live quietly
to have the abſolute full Power of your there) whereupon the Gentlemen al-
Education in all Things, except Reli- ſured the King, They were as ready as
gion; and in that, not to meddle at all, ever to ſerve him, when they hould be
but leave it entirely to the Care of your required. Whether the wonted Irreſo-
Tutor, the Biſhop of Saliſbury, or ta lution of thoſe about the King, or the
wbom be fall appoint to ſupply his Imagination, upon this Report of the
Place, in Time of his neceſſitated Ab- Gentlemen, that a Body of Foot
Sence. And for the Performance of this, might
be ſpeedily gather'd together in
I command you to require the Aſiſtance thote Parts, prevailed, or not, ſo it
and Obedience of all your Council; and was, that the King was periwaded,
That
I I
-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 407
Tbat it was not beſt to continue his Troops that Night into Roiheram.
March, with that Speed be intended, And he confeffed afterwards, If the
towards Mountroſe ; but that it would King had then fallen upon him, as he
be better to ſend an Expreſs to him, to night eaſily have done, he had found
agree upon a fit Place for their Meeting ; him in a very ill Póſture to have made
and in the mean Time, bis Majeſty, Reſiſtance, and had abſolutely preferv'd
might be able to refreſh his wearied Mountroſe. But by his ſo ſudden Re-
Troops, and to raiſe a Body of Foot in treat, David Leſley was at Liberty to
thoſe Parts. To which Purpoſe, Dono purſue his March for Scotland, and
cafter was propoſed as a fit Place to came upon Mountroſe, before he ex-
begin in : And. to Doncaſter, there- pected ſuch an Enemy; and ſa pre-
upon, the King went; and the Gen- vented his future Triumph, that he
tlemen ſo well perform’d their Under- was compell’d with great Loſs to re-
taking, that, within three Days, there tire again into the Highlands; and
was an Appearance of full three thou- Leſley return'd time enough to relieve
ſand Foot; who undertook, within and ſupport the Scotiſh Army, after
four and twenty Hours, to appear well they were compelld to riſe from Here-
armed, and ready to march with his ford.
Majeſty, what Way foever he would The King now, with great Expedi-
go.
tion, proſecuted his Journey to Ox-
Here again the King's froward For- ford, though not without making ſome
tune, deprived him of this Opportu- Starts out of the Way; by which he
nity to put himſelf in a Poſture of had Opportunity to beat up fome
War. That very Night, they receiv'd Quarters of new levied Horſe for the
Intelligence, That David Leſley was Service of the Parliament, and, be-
come to Rotheram, with all the Scotiſh fore the End of Auguſt, he arrived at
Horſe; which was within ten Miles of Oxford; where he did not ſtay more
Doncaſte”. The News whereof fo con- than two Days, but departed from
founded them (as beaten and baffled thence again to Worceſter, with a Re-
Troops do not naturally, in a ſhort ſolution to attempt the Relief of Here-
Time, recover Courage enough to en- ford; which had defended itſelf brave-
dure the Sight of an Enemy) that they ly, and very much weaken’d the Scot-
concluded, he came in Purſuit of the iſh Army by frequent Sallies. They
King, and therefore that it was now too had only a Body of eight hundred
late to proceed upon their Northern Ex- tired Horſe remaining, which David
pedition, and that the King muſt ſpeedily Leſley left behind him when he
remove to a greater Diſtance for his own marched with the reſt into Scotland;
Security. Whereupon, he made Haſte and therefore the raiſing that Siege
(without expecting that Recruit of was thought the leſs difficult; and
Foot) from Doncaſter, back again to with this Reſolution his Majeſty left
Newark; reſolving then to go direct. Oxford the third Day after he came
ly to Oxford: Whereas, in truth, thither. Upon his Arrival at Rag-
David Leſley knew nothing of the land, he was certainly inform’d, That
King's being in thoſe Parts; but, up- Fairfax had beſieged Briſtol; for which
on ſudden Orders from Scotland, was no body underwent any Trouble; for.
required to march, with all poſſible all Men looked upon that Place, as
Expedition, with the Horſe, to relieve 'well fortified, manned, and victual-
his own Country from being totally led; and the King even then receiv'd
overrun and ſubdued by the Marquis a very chearful Letter from Prince
of Mountroſe; who had then actually Rupert; in which, be undertook to de-
taken Edinburgh. The Orders had no fend it full four Months. So that the
foonet come to the Scotiſh Army before Siege being begun ſo late in the Year,
Hereford, but he begun his March, , as the Beginning of September, there
without the leaſt Apprehenſion of any was reaſonable Hope that the Army
Enemy in his Way, till he ſhould might be ruined, before the Town
come into Scotland; and ſo, as he had taken. Therefore the King proſe-
inade a very long March that Day, cuted his former Reſolution, at leaſt
he came tired and wearied with his to endeavour the Relief of Hereford.
And
408
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
And as he was upon his March thither, hopefully fall on Fairfax his Quarters on
he receiv'd Intelligence, That the both sides. And the better to bring
Scotiſh Army, upon the Notice of. bis all this to paſs, the King himſelf went
Purpoſe, was that Morning riſen in the ſecond Time to Regland, the
great Diſorder and Confuſion, and re Houſe of the Marquis of Worceſter;
ſolu'd to make their Retreat on the ſending the Horſe to thoſe ſeveral Pla-
Welſh Side of the River, and fo to paſs ces, as might beſt facilitate the Exe-
through Gloceſter. This News was ſo cution of the Deſign that was form’d
welcome, and his Majeſty was receiv'd for the Relief of Briſtol.
with ſo full Joy into the City of Here But when the King came to Rag-
ford, that he ſlipp'd the Opportunity "land, he receiv'd the terrible Informa-
he then had of diſcommoding at leaſt, tion of the Surrender of Briſtol, which
if not ruining the Scotiſh Army; which he ſo little apprehended, that if the
now paſſed through a ſtrange Country, Evidence thereof had not been un-
where they had never been, and where queſtionable, it could not have been
the whole Nation was extremely odious believ'd. With what Indignation,
to the People. Nor would the Go- and Dejection of Mind, the King re-
vernor of Gloceſter ſuffer them to paſs ceiv'd this Advertiſement, needs no
through his Garriſon, till they fent other Deſcription and Enlargement,
him word plainly, That if they might than the ſetting down, . in the very
not paſs through that Town, they knew Words of it, the Letter which the
they ſhould be very welcome to paſs King writ thereupon to Prince Ru-'
through Worceſter; by which Argu- pert; which, confidering the unſpeak-
ment he was convinced; ſo that he able Indulgence his Majeſty had ever
permitted them to go through that ſhew'd towards that'Prince, is ſuffi-
Town, from whence they proſecuted cient Evidence, how highly he was
their March into the North. If, in offended and incenſed by that Act;
all this Time, they had been purſued which yet he took fome Time fadly to
by the King's Horſe, conſidering the think of, and confidér, before he
ſmall Body they had of their own, would allow himſelf to abate ſo much
there is little doubt to be made, very of his natural Candour towards him.
many, if not the greater Part of that As ſoon as he receiv'd that furprizing
Army, had been deſtroyed.
Intelligence, he preſently remova
But the King's Heart was fo wholly from Ragland, and return'd to Here-
fet
upon the Relief of Briſtol, that no- ford, where he diſpatch'd an Expreſs
thing elſe was thought upon, which with this Letter to Prince Rupert.
might in any Degree delay it. And
ſo the King, from Hereford, adver-
Hereford, 14th Sept. 1645.
tiſed Prince Rupert, That be had raiſ-
Nephew,
ed the șiege of Hereford, and that the HOUGH the Loſs of Briſtol be
Scots were marched Northward ; that a great Blow to me, yet your
he intended Speedily to relieve bim; and ſurrendering it as you did, is of ſo much
in order to it, that he had then com- Afliction to me, that it makes me not
manded General Goring, to draw what only forget the Confideration of that
Force he could out of the Weſt ; and to Place, but is likewiſe the greateſt Trial
march to the Somerſetſhire Side of of my Conſtancy tkct hath yet. befallen
Briſtol; and that his Majeſty would mne ; for what is to be done, after one
bimſelf have a Body of three thouſand that is so near me as you are, toth in
Foot, drawn out of the ſeveral Garri- Blood and Friendſhip, ſubmits hirſelf
rons of thoſe Parts, which ſhould paſs to ſo mean an AEtión? (I give it the
over the Severn, about Berkley-Caſtle eaſieſt Tern) fucb.----I have to rzuch to
on Gloceſterſhire Side ; and that his ſay, that I will ſay no more of it : 0.ii-
Horſe, which were then above three ly, left Raſhneſs of Judgment be laid 10
thouſand, mould at the ſame Time ford my Charge, I inuſt remember you of your
the Severn not far from Gloceſter (as Letter of the 12th of Auguſt, whereby
they might have done) and so joyn you aſſured me, that, if no Muti?zy bap-
with his Foot; and by this Means, all pend, you would keep Briſtol for four
Things being well concerted, they might Months. Did you keep it fcur Days ?
Was
.
TH
1
1
1
4
1
my being
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 409
Was there any Thing like a Mutiny? to give Orders to the Lord Wentworthy
More Queſtions might be aſked, but bis Major. General, who was prepared
now I confeſs to little Purpoſe : My not to diſpute Orders fent by any ſubfti.
Concluſion is, to defire you to ſeek your tuted by the Prince. Hereupon, the
Subſiſtance, until it ſhall pleaſe God to Prince had appointed Sir Richard
determine of my Condition, somewhere Greenvil, to advance with the Corniſh
beyond Sea ; to which End, I ſend you to Ockington, and directed the Major
berewith a Pafs; and I pray God to General, To receive Orders from him :
make you ſenſible of your preſent Condi- But, by that Time they. two had dif-
'tion, and give you Means to redeem poſed themſelves in Order, as they did
what you have loſt; for I Hall have no very handſomely and chearfully, Ge-
greater Joy in a Vistory,, than a juſt neral Goring changed his Mind, and
Occaſion without bluſhing to aſſure you of within four Days after his former Let:
ter, he retired with his thouſand
Your loving Uncle, and Horſe out of Exeter to Newton Bufbel;
Moſt faithful Friend, C. R. and then ſent to the Prince, by a Let-
ter to the Lord Colepepper, to know,
With this Letter, the King fent a Whether Sir Richard Greenvil ſhould
Revocation of all Commiſſions for: receive Orders from him; and offer'd'to
merly granted to Prince Rupert, and undertake any Deſign with Sir Richard
ſignified kis Pleaſure to the Lords of Greenvily or by himſelf, as the Prince
the Council at Oxford, whither Prince should dire&t ; or that if bis Preſence
Rupert was retired with his Troops and Command:ſhould be thought, on the
from Briſtol, That they should require Account of any. Indiſpoſition in the Cor-
Prince Rupert to deliver into their nith towards bim, probably do produce
Hands bis Commiffion.
ang! Inconvenience to the Service, be
In the Beginning of Otober, the would willingly, for that Expedition,
Lord Goring perſwaded the Commif- reſign his Command to any perſon the
fioners of Devon, upon his Promiſe, Prince would deſign for it : Intimating
to puniſh and ſuppreſs all Diſorders in withal, That if the Lord Hopron had
the Soldiery, and that the Makers it, the Lord Wentworth would wir
ſhould be free, To double the Contribue lingly receive Orders from him. His
tion of the County for fix Weeks, and to Highneſs, the next Day, wric to him,
eſhgn balf thereof to his Army; by vir- That be conngitted the Management of
tue whereof he raiſed vaſt Sums of the whole to bis Lordſhip; and bad com-
Money; but abated nothing of the manded Sir. Richard Greenvil to receive
former Diſorders, and Preſſures : And Orders from him, who þad then a good
the Money fo raiſed, inſtead of being Body of Corniſh with him, and Power
regularly diſtributed amongſt the Sol- to draw off the Men from Plymouth, if
diers, was diſpoſed to fuch Perſons as there ſhould; be Occaſion.
he thought fit by his Warrants to di The King's having been in that per-
rect. But no fooner was Sir Thomas petual Motion, as hath been men-
Fairfax advanced as far as Cullampton, tion'd before kept the Expreſs that
than the Lord Goring gave over the had been ſent to him from the Coun-
Thought of defending Devon, and, ſellórs, upon the firſt Signification of
by his Letter of the eleventh of Octa- his Pleaſure, concerning the Prince's
ber to the Lord Colepepper, faid, That Tranſportation into France, from de-
he had ſent all the Horſe, but one thou- livering that · Letter for ſome Time.
Sand, Weſtward, under the command of : So that it was the middle of Otober,
the Major General, to joyn with the before they receiv'd his Majeſty's fur-
Corniſh; who were to advances and ther Direction: , Then this Letter to
that, himſelf, with one thouſand Harſe, the Lord Colepper was brought back
and all bis Foot, refolu'd to flay in Ex- by the fame Expreſs,
eter to defend thai Town, if the Enemy
came before it; or to be ready to attend Colėpepper,
HAVE
and therefore deſir'd, That bis High-
nefs would appoint whom he thought pt, muſt be content with Reſults without the
Reaſons,
1
their Rear
, " if they marcká forwardi I Difpatches and for ibis Time you
I20
5 L
410
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Reaſons, leaving you to find them : of Exeter, but ſpent their Time in
Lord Goring muſt break through to Ox- fortifying ſome Houſes near the Town,
ford with his Horſe, and from thence, on the Eaſt-lide, without receiving the
if he can, find me out, wherefoever be leaſt Diſturbance from the Army; the
jhall underſtand I ſhall be; the Region Lord Goring entertaining himielf in
about Newark being, as I conceiven his uſual Jollity between Exeter, Tot-
the moſt likely Place. But that which nefs, and Dartmouth; it being pub-
is of more Neceſſity, indeed abſolute, is, lickly ſpoken in Exeter, That the Lord
that, with the beſt Conveniency, the moſt Goring intended to leave the Army,
Secrecy, and greateſt Expedition, Prince and ſpeedily to go beyond Seas, and that
Charles be tranſported into France ; Lieutenant General Porter reſolv'd to go
where his Mother is to have the fole to the Parliament; long before the
Care of him, in all Thing's but one, Prince underſtood General Goring's
which is his Religion ; and that muſt Reſolution to go into France, by an
ſtill be under the Care of the Biſhop of Intimation from himſelf. The twen.
Saliſbury; and this I undertake his Mon tieth of November, his Lordſhip writ
ther Mall ſubmit unta : Concerning a Letter from Exeter to the Prince by
which, by my next Diſpatch, I will ad. the Lord Wentworth, That, now that
vertiſe ber; this is all; so I rejt the Enemy and his Lordſhip were ſettled
Your moſt aſſured Friend in their Winter Quarters, (whereas the
Charles R. Enemy was then as ſtirring as ever)
he did beg leave of his Highneſs to ſend
Though this Letter was writ-after some Time for the Recovery of his Health,
the Loſs of Briſtol, yet when it arriv’d, in France; intimating, that he hoped
the Hopes of the Weſt was not to do his Highneſs fome notable Service
thought deſperate ; and it was abſo- by that Journey; and deſir’d, That bis
Jutely concluded between the Lords, Army might remain entirely under the
That, as the Perſon of the Prince was command of the Lord Wentworth
never to be in Hazard of being fur- (whereas, not above a Fortnight be-
prized, so he was not to be tranſported fore he had writ, That the Lord Went-
out of the King's Dominions, but upon worth was willing to receive Orders from
apparent, viſible Neceſity, in point of the Lord Hopton) until his Return;
Safety: And the very Suſpicion of which, be ſaid, jould be in two
his going had been, both by the Lord Months; and ſo having diſpatch'd the
Goring and others, enviouſly whil- Lord Wentworth with his Letter to the
per’d, to the great diſheartning of the Prince to Truro, his Lordſhip, never
People ; ſo that, they ſaw that the attended his Highneſs's Leave or Ap-
Loſs of the whole Weſt, both Garri- probation, went the ſame, or the next
fons, and Army, would immediately Day, to Dartmouth; where he ſtay'd
have attended that Action, and there no longer than till he could procure a
fore they thought, they ſhould be ab- Paffage into France ; whither, with
ſolv'd, in point of Duty, by the King, the firſt Wind, he was tranſported;
if they only preſerv'd theniſelves in a Lieutenant General Porter, at the ſame
Power of obeying him, without exe- Time, declining the Exerciſe of his
cuting his Command at that. Time, Command, and having receiv'd ſeve-
eſpecially ſince General Goring ral Meſſages, Letters, and a Paſs from
thought it not reaſonable to obſerve the Enemy for his going to London.
the Orders, which were ſent to him at Shortly after the Lord Goring's go-
the ſame Time, for marching towards ing into France, the Prince, being
the King, nor ſo much as adviſed inform'd from Exeter, That the Enemy,
with his Highneſs, or communicated at the ſame Time baving finiſhed their
that he had receiv'd any ſuch Orders; Works, which kept the City from
and yet his Highneſs let him know, any Relief on the Eaſt-fide, were now
That be was well content, that he ſhould drawing their Forces on the West-fide,
break through with his Horſe to the whereby that City would be ſpeedily di,
King; which he might have done. ſtreſſed; thought it neceffary to ſend
The Enemy, having gain'd Tiver. the Lords, Brentford, Capel, Hepton,
ton, made no great Hafte to the Weſt and Colepepper, to confer with the
2
2
Lord
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
411,
,
Lord Wentworth, who lay then at the Lord Wentworth could not be
Aſh-Burton, fix Miles from. Totneſs, thought of Intereſt, Experience, and
and with Sir Richard Greenvil, who Reputation enough: And yet there
was ready to draw ſome Foot into was ſo great Regard, that he ſhould
Devon, to the End that ſuch an Under- not ſuffer in his Honour, or the ima-
ſtanding might be ſettled between them ginary Truft divolv'd to him by Gene-
two, that the Service might proceed : ral. Goring, or rather indeed that no
Their Lordſhips being directed, by nøtable Hazard might be run, by any
Inſtructions under his Highneſs?s unneceſſary Mutation in Commands,
Hand, upon Conſideration of the at a Time when the Soldier' was to be
State of the Forces, and. Confe- led to fight, that it was reſolv'd, That
rence with the Lord Wentworth, and be. Should be rather adviſed, than com-
Sir Richard Greenvil, to adviſe what 'manded; and that if be comported him-
ſpeedy Courſe ſhould be taken for the ſelf with that Temper and Modefty, as
Relief of Exeter (the Prince having at was expected, all Reſolutions ſhould be
the ſame Time diſburſed a thouſand form'd in Council, and all Orders there-
Pound ready Money to two Merchants ‘upon floould iſſue in his Name.
of Exeter, for Proviſion of Corn for The next Day after Chriſtmas-day,
that City.) preſuming that both the the Weather. being very ſharp, the
onę and the other would have been . Prince went from Truro, to Bodmin;
very ready to have receiv'd and fol. and the next Day to Taviſtock; where
low'd the Advice which their Lord- the Lords of the Council attended
Ships fhould give.
the Lord Wentworth continuing at Afb-
The Place of Meeting was appointed Burton, and
his Horſe ſpread over that
to be Taviſtock; where every body Part of the Country which was at any
was, fave the Lord Wentworth; but Diſtance from the Énemy. Sir Richard
he failing, the Lords, having directed Greenvil, who attended likewiſe at,
Sir Richard Greenvil how to diſpoſe Taviſtock, had ſent three Regiments of
of himſelf, went themſelves to Aſh- · Foot to Okington, under the Com-
Burton, near twenty Miles farther, to mand of Major General Moleſwarth;
the Lord Wentworth's Quarter; where which were ſecured by the Brigade of
they ſpent a Day or two, but found Horſe under Major General Web, who
not that Reſpect from him they had was quarter'd near thoſe Parts, and the
reaſon to have expected. His Lord- Corniſh Train'd-bands were to come
ſhip was very jealous of Diminution in up within a Week; the Blockade be-
his Command, which General Goring fore Plymouth was maintained by Ge-
had divolv'd to him, and expreſſing neral Digby, with about twelve or
himſelf oftentimes to them very unne-
thirteen hundred Foot, and ſix hun-
ceffarily, That he would receive Orders dred Horſe; but the whole Contribu-
from none but the Prince himſelf; tion aſſign'd for the ſupport of thoſe
whereupon, and upon the importu- Forces, was taken by the Lord Went-
nate calling for Relief from Exeter, worth’s Horſe; ſo that the Prince was
their Lordſhips thought it abſolutely compell’d to fupply thoſe Men, out of
neceſſary, that the Prince himſelf ſhould the Magazines of Victual which he
advance in Perſon, as well to bring up had provided in Cornwal for the Army
as great a Body of the Corniſh, as was when it ſhould march; and to leave
poſſible (which without his Preſence his own Guard of Horſe upon the
was not to be hoped for) as to diſpoſe ſkirts of Cornwal; there being no
the Command of the whole Forces in ſuch Quarter to be had for them nearer his
a Manner, as might probably be for the
own Perſon.
beſt Advantage; the beſt that was to be About this time, Sir Thomas Fair-
boped for, being to bring the Enemy to fax quartered at a Houſe about two
fight a Battle; and that they might be Miles Eaſt of Exeter, Sir Hardreſs
enabled to that purpoſe, by joyning with Waller with a Brigade of his Army
the Foot that were in Exeter, which at Kirton, and another part of the
was a confiderable Body. For the con- Army had poffeffed Powdram-Houſe,
ducting ſo great a Deſign, upon which and the Church, Hulford-Houſe and
no leſs than three Crowns depended, fome other Holds the Weſt-
on
ſide;
412
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
· fide; ſo that no Proviſions went in; wards in Council ; and, in the De-
and it hath been ſaid before, how long bate of Quartering, talked very im-
the Army under Goring had ſubfifted periouſly, and very diſreſpectfully,
• upon the Proviſions within, and kept and one Day, after he had been drink
all ſupply from entering : the Advice ing, very offenſively to ſome of the
taken at Taviſtock, upon the Prince's Council, in the Preſence of the Prince.
coming thither, was, That as ſoon as The Time was not conceiv'd ſeaſonable
the Corniſh Foot ſhould be come up, his for the Prince to declare how the Army
.Highneſs should march with thoſe, his ſhould be commanded, till he had
own Guards, and as many Foot as might brought it together, and till he had
conveniently be taken from before Ply- his own Guards about him; and ſo
mouth, by leaving Horſe in their place, the Prince, though he was nothing
to Totneſs; whire a Magazine Mould ſatisfied in the Lord Wentworth's Car.
be made of Proviſions for the whole riage, only told him, That he would
Arny, both by Money (for which the 'take the Command of the Army upon
County would yield great ſtore of Pro- himſelf, and iſue out Orders as he mould
viſions) and by Viętuals brought out of think fit; and having viſited the Port
Cornwal by Sea; for which likewiſe and Garriſon of Dertmouth, and taken
Directions were given: From that ſufficient courſe for the providing the
place it was concluded, that the Prince Magazines, and ſettled the Differences
might join with the Forces in Exeter; about Quartering, he returned to Tavi-
except the Rebels should draw their stock ; reſolving, with all poſſible Ex-
whole Body between them; and then pedition, to march with the whole
that Garriſon would be able both to re- Body of Foot to Totneſs, according to
lieve itſelf, and to infeſt the Enemy in former Appointment;
the Rear; and the Prince might retire, The Appearance at Taviſtock an-
or fight, as he found it moſt convenient fwer'd the Expectation; there being
and advantageous to him. Reſolutions full two thouſand four hundred of the
being thus fixed, and the Corniſs be- Train'd-bands, very cheerful, and
ing not expected in full Numbers till ready to mareh ; at Okington were eight
the Week following, the Prince choſe hundred old Soldiers, under Major:
to go to: Totneſs; where all things General Moleſworth; the Foot with
neceffary might be agreed with the the Lord Wentworth were given oue
Lord Wentworth, who might con to be eight hundred, with the Lord
veniently attend there, his Quarters Goring's Guards which were in Dart-
being within ſix Miles ; and where mouth, and to be drawn thence, upon
Directions inight be given for making the advance to the Army: from Barn-
the Magazine, towards which Money ftable, the Governour had promiſed to
had been return'd out of Cornwal. fend five hundred Men; and out of
The next Day after the Prince came Exeter, at the leaſt, a thouſand five.
thither, the Lord Wentworth attended hundred Men were promiſed: all
him, and was inform'd in Council, which, with his Highneſs's Guards,
what had been thought reaſonable at might well be depended upon for ſix
Taviſtock ; the which he approv'd of; thouſand Foot. The Horſe was very
the Prince then called to ſee a Liſt of little fewer than five thouſand; wherea
the Quarters, that thereupon it might of his Highneſs's Guards made near
be agreed how the whole Army ſhould feven hundred'; ſo that if all theſe
be quartered when they came together; could have been brought to Fight,
to which end, the next Day, the Lordthe Day feem'd not deſperate. The
Wentworth told the Prince, That he Foot were appointed to have march'd
was to declare one Thing to hiig, at the the Morrow, when the News came,
Entrance into Buſineſs, and for the pre- That the Enemy'was advanced, and had
vention of any Miſtakes, that he could beaten up the Lord Wentworth’s Quar-,
receive no Orders from any perſon but ters in two ſeveral places ; and ſhortly
bis Highneſs; the Lord Goring having after the News, the Lord Wentworth
repoſed that truſt in bian, and giver him himſelf came in, in great Diſorder,
c Commiſſion and Iuftrustions to that pur not informed of the particular of his
pole ; which he often repeated after- Loſs; but conceiv'd it to be greater
than
.
!
.
1
1
-
.
-
1
1
子​,
}
1
年
​1
1
.

mums
IS
C: Mofley Enel De Pauw
The
BATTLE
of
GHESTER
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 413
1
than in Truth it was, though many through North Wales to Cheſter; and
Men, vaird more Horſes, were taken thence, through Lancaſhire, and Cum-
in both places. The Prince was very berland, to find a way into Scotland,
deſirous to purſue the former Reſoluc unobſtructed by any Enemy that could
tion, and to have advanced with the oppoſe them. This Counſel pleaſed ;
whole Body to Totneſs; but the Lord, and within four Days, though through
Wentworth did not only alledge, That very unpleaſant Ways, the King came
probably sbe Enemy was polſeſſed by that within half a Days. Journey of Cheſter;
time of Totneſs; but that be bad in which he found in more Danger than
truth no hope to rally bis Horſe together," he ſuſpected; for within three Days
in any Numbersz till they might be als before, the Enemy, 'out of their
lowed three or four Days reſt
. Where-- Neighbour. Garriſons, had ſurprized
as all that Rout had been occaſion'd both the Out-works and Suburbs of
by ſmall Parties of the Enemy, who, Cheſtér; and hậd made ſome Attempo
at day Time, came into their Quarters, upon the City, to the great Terror
and found no Guards, but all the and Confternation of thoſe within ;
Horſe in the Stables; and their whole: who had no Apprehenſion of ſuch a
Body mov'd not in two or three Days. Surprize : So that this unexpected
affer'; encouraged, it was thought, by coming of his Majeſty, look'd like a
the great Diſorder they found thoſe Deſignation of Providence for the Pre-
Troops to be in Matters ſtanding fervation of of fo important a Place :
thus, and it being abſolutely neceffary, And the Beſięgers were no leſs amaz’d,
by reaſon of this diſorderly Retreat of, looking upon themſelves as loft, and
the Horſe, 'to draw off the Blockade the King's Troops believ'd them to be
from Plymouth, Taviſtock was no long, in their Power.
er thought a Place for the Prince's Req Şir Marmadyke Langdale
' was. ſenc
fidence; his Highneſs, by, the Advice with moſt of the Horſe over Holta-
of a Council of War, remov'd to Bridge, that he might be on the Eaſt-
Launceſton; whither all the Foot were ſide of the River Dee'; and the King,
drawn, and the Horſe appointed to with his Guards, the Lord Gerrard,
keep the Devonſhire ſide of the River and the reſt of the Horſe,' march'd die
and from thence he hoped he ſhould rectly into Cbeſter; with a Réſolution,
be ſpeedily able to advance towards. That, early the Day following, Siri
Exeter.
Marmaduke Langdale ſhould bave fal-
The King had ſtaid at Hereford, aš len upon the Back of the Enemy, when
hath been ſaid, in great Perplexity, all the Force of the Town ſhould have ſal-
and Irreſolution; not knowing which lied out, and ſo incloſed them. But Sir
way to take, but moſt inclined to go Marmaduke Langdale, being that
to Worceſter; till he was aſſured, That Night. drawn on a Heath two Miles
the whole Sirength of the Parliament in from Cheſter, had intercepted a Let-
the North was gather'd together under ter from Pointz (who had march'd a
the Command of Pointz.; and that be much ſhorter Way, afrer he was in-
was already.come between Hereford and form'd which Way the King 'was
Worceſter, with a Body of above three bound) to the Commander that was
thoufand Horſe and Dragoons ; with. before Cheſter, telling him, That bé
which he was appointed always to attend was come to their Reſcue, and deſiring
the King's Motion ; ſo that it would be to have ſome Foot ſent to "bim, to affift
very hard for his Majeſty to get to him againſt the King's Horſe : And
Worceſter, whicher his purpoſe of go- the next Morning he appear'd, and
ing was, upon the new Reſolution he
was charg'd by Sir Marmaduke Lang-
had taken again to march into Scotland dale, and forced to retire with Loſs ;
tojoyn with Mountroſe , who was yet un, but kept ſtill at ſuch a Diſtance, that
derſtood to be proſperous. This being the Foot from before Cheſter might
the only Deſign, it was not thought rea- come to him. The Beliegers begun to
fonable, to proſecute that March byWor- draw out of the Suburbs in ſuch Halte,
ceſter, and thereby to run the Hazard that it was believ'd in Cheſter, they
of an Engagement with Poiniz; but were upon their Flight ; and ſo moſt
father to take a more ſecure Paſſage of the Horſe and Foot in the Town,
had
..
I2I
5 M
414
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
1
had Order to purſue them. But the Troops as had ſtoppd within-ariy Di-
ochers Haſte was to joyn with Pointz; ſtance. · So that, in a ſhort Time, he
which they quickly did, and then had in View four and twenty hundred
they charg'd Sir Marmaduke Langdale; Horſe; but whither to go with them
who, being overpower'd, was routed, was ſtill the difficult Queſtion. Some
and put to Flighi ; and purſued by propoſed, the Iſle of Angleſea; 65 c
Poiniz.even to the Walls of Cheſter. Place of Safety, and an Iſand fruitful
There the Earl of Lichfield with the enough to support bis Forces ; which
King's Guards, and the Lord Gerrard would defend itſelf againſt any: Winter
with the reſt of the Horſe, were drawn · Attempt, and from whence he might be
up, and charg'd Pointz, and forced eaſily tranſported into Ireland or Scot-
him to retire. But the Diſorder of land They who objected againſt this,
thoſe Horſe which firſt fed, had fo
as very many Objections might well
filled the narrow Ways, which were be made, propoſed, That bis Majeſty
unfit for Horſe to fight in, that at laſt might, commodiouſly make his Winter
the Enemies Muſqueteers compelld Quarters at Worceſter, and by quar-
the King's Horſe to turn, and to routtering his Troops upon the Severn, be-
one another, and to overbear their tween Bridgenorth and Worceſter,
own Officers, who would have re- ſtand there upon his Guard; and by the
ftrain'd them. Here fell many Gen- Acceſs of ſome other Forces, might be a-
tlemen, and Officers of Name, with the 'ble to fight with Pointz; who, by this
brave Earl of Lichfield; who was the Time, that he might both be able the
third Brother of that illuſtrious Fami-
more to ſtreighten Cheſter, and to
ly, that facrificed their Lives in this watch the King's Motion, had drawn
Quarrel; whoſe Loſs all Men exceed- his Troops over the River Dee into
ingly lamented, and the King bore it Denbighſhire ; . ſo that he was now
with extraordinany Grief. There were nearer the King, and made the:March
many Perſons of Quality taken Priſo- laſt propoſed, much the more difficult;
ners, amongſt whom Sir Philip. Muf- but there was ſo little Choice, that it
graves a Gentleman of a noble Extrac- was proſecuted, and with good Succefs,
tion, and ample Fortune in Cumber- and there being another Bridge to paſs
land and Weſtmoreland; who liv'd to the Dee fome Miles further, and
engage himſelf again in the fame Ser- through as ill Ways as any thoſe Coun-
vice, and with the ſame Affection, tries have, his Majeſty went over with-
and, after very great Sufferings, to ſee out any Oppoſition ; and had, by this
the King reſtored. This Defeat broke Means, left Paintz a fúll-Days Jour-
all the Body of Horſe, which had at ney behind.' Here Prince Maurice
tended the King from the Battle of waited on his Majeſty with eight hun-
Naſeby, and which now fed over all dred Horſe, part whereof "was of
the Country to ſave themſelves; and Prince Rupert's Regiment that came
were as much diſperſed, as the greateſt out of Briſtol. And now being thus
Rout could produce.
ſtrengthen'd, they leſs apprehended
The Deſign of marching North. the Enemy; yet continued their
ward, was now at an End; and it March without reſting, till, by ford-
was well it was ſo; for about this very ing the Severn, they came to Bridge-
Time, Mountrofe was defeated by Da- north, the Place deſign'd. Now every
vid Leſlėy; ſo that if the King had body expected, that they ſhould forth-
advanced farther, as he reſolv'd to with go to Worceſter, and take up
have done, the very next Day after he their Winter Quarters; but upon the
came to Cheſter, he could never have News of the Surrender of Berkley-
been able to have retreated. He ſtaid Caſtle in Gloceſterſhire, and of the De-
in Cheſter only one Night after this vizes in Wiltſhire, two ſtrong Garri.
Blow, but return'd, by the ſame Way fons of the King's, it was urged, That
by which he had come, to Denbigh- Worceſter would not be a good Place
Caſtle in North Wales, being attended for the King's Winter Reſidence, end
only by five hundred Horſe; and Newark was propoſed as a Place of
there he ſtay'd three Days to refreſh more Security. This Advice' was the
himſelf, and to rally ſuch of his more like to be embraced, becauſe it
I
WAS
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
415
.
iyas ſo vehemently purſued upon a pri- pelld to condeſcend to the particulari .
vate, and particular Intereit.
and private Paſſions of other Men.
Though Prince Rupert had ſubmit When the King came to Newark,
ted to the King's Pleaſure, in reſign-' he betook himſelf to the regulating
ing his Commiſſion, yet he reſolvd the Diſorders of that Garriſon ; which,
not to make uſe of his Paſs, and to ' by their great Luxury and Exceffes,
quit the Kingdon, till he might firſt in a Time of fo general Calamity, had
ſee his Majeſty, and give an Account given juſt Scandal to the Commif-
of the Reaſons which oblig'd him to ſioners, and to all the Country. The
deliver, up Briſtol; and was ready to Garriſon conſiſted of about two thou-
begin his Journey towards him, as fand Horſe and Foot; and to thoſe
ſoon as, he could be inform’d where there were about.four and twenty Co-
the King intended to reſt. The lonels and General Officers, who had
Lord Digby, who had then the chief all liberal Aſſignments out of the Con-
Influence upon his Majeity's Councils, tributions, according to their Qualities;
and was generally believ'd to be the ſo that though that ſmall County paid
ſole Cauſe of revoking the Prince's more Contribution than any other of
Commiflion, and of the Order ſent to that Bigneſs in England, there was
him to leave the Kingdom, without very little left to pay the Common
being heard what he could ſay for. Soldiers, or to provide for any other
himſelf, found that the Odium of all Expences. This made fo great à
this
. Proceeding fell upon him; and · Noiſe, that the King found it abſo-
therefore, to prevent the breaking of lutely neceſſary to reform it; and re-
that Cloud upon him, which threaten'd dúced ſome of the Officers entirely,
his Ruin (for he had not only the In- and leffen’d the Pay of others; which
dignation of Prince Rupert, and all added to the Number of the Diſcon-
his Party to contend with, but the ex tented; which was very much too nu-
treme Malice of the Lord Gerrard; merous before.
Now Reports were
who uſed to hate heartily upon a ſud. ſpread abroad with great Confidence,
den Accident, without knowing why; and the Advertiſement ſent from ſeve-
over and above this, as Prince Rupertral Places, though no Author named,
would have an eaſy Journey to Worn That Mountroſe, after bis Defeat, by
ceſter, ſo Prince Maurice was Gover an Acceſs of thoſe Troops which were
nor there, who had a very tender Senſe then abſent, bad fought again with
of the Severity his Brother had under- David Lefley, and totally defeated him;
gone, and was ready to revenge it; and that he was marcb'd towards the
whereas if the King. went to Newark, Borders with a ſtrong Army. This
the Journey from Oxford thither would News, how groundleſs foever, was ſo
be much more difficult, and Prince very good, that it was eaſily believ'd,
Maurice would be without any Autho- and believ'd to that Degree, that the
rity there) theſe Reaſons were Mo- King himſelf declared a Reſolution,
tives enough to the Lord Digby, to be the third Time, to advance, and
very follicitous to divert the King from joyn with Mountrole; and the Lord
Worceſter, and to incline him to New- Digby (who knew that Prince Rupert
ark; and his Credit" was ſo great, was already upon his
Way from Oxford,
that againſt the Opinion of every o and that Prince Maurice had met him
ther Man, the King reſolv'd to take at Banbury) prevail'd ſo far, that the
that Courſe ; ſo having ſtay'd only King reſolv'd without delay, or ex-
one Day at Bridgenorth, and from pecting any Confirmation of the Re-
"thence ſent Sir Thomas Glembam to re- port, To: move Northward to meet the
ceive the Goverment ofOxford, he made News, and, if it fell not out to his
Haſte to Lichfield; and then paffed Wiſh, he would return to Newark. In
with that Speed to Newark, that he this Reſolution, after a Week's Stay at
was there as ſoon as the Governor had Newark, he march'd to Tuxford; and
Notice of his purpoſe. In this Man- the next Day to Wellbeck, having in
ner, in the greateſt Perplexity of his his Way, met with the ſame general
own Arfairs, was his Majeſty com Reports of Mountroſe's Vičtories;
which
1
2.
1
416
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
ana
which were interpreted as fo maný ly one Suit to make to bis Majeſty ;
Confirmations; and therefore, though which was,' that the Lorli Digby mighi
the King aſſembled his Council to. commañd in chief, and he under him.
conſult at Wellbeck, he'declar'd, That All who were preſent; ſtood amazed
he would not bave it debated, whether at what was now faid; of which, no-
be pould advance or retire ; but con Word had paſſed in Council; but
cerning the Manner of his advancing ; when the Lord Digby as frankly“ ac-
ſince he was reſolv'd not to retire ; cepted of that Command, they con-
which he was ſure would be attended cluded, that it had been concerted be.
with more Miſchief than could accor- fore between the King and the other
pany his advancing.
two.
This Declaration, how diſagreeable.
No' Man coniřadicted any thing
foever it was to the Senſe of much the that had been propoſed ; and ſo, im-
major Pari, left very little to be con-' mediately, upon the Place, a ſhort
ſulted upons for ſince they muſt ad- ·Commiſſion was prepar’d, and ſign'd
vance, it was eaſily agreed, that they by the King, to conſtitute the Lord
ſhould march the next Day to Ro- Digby Lieutenant General of all the
theram; and that the Troops ſhoulờ be :· Forces raiſed, or to be raiſed for the
drawn to Rendezvous, the next Morn- King on the other Side of Trent; and
ing, at ſuch an Hours and to the Offi- with this Commiſſion he immediately
cers were riſing to give Orders out for departed from the King, taking with
the Execution of what was reſolv'd'; him from the Rendezvous all. The
when," in the Inſtant, one knock'd at Northern Horſe, with Sir Märmaduke
the Doof; who, being caild in, was" Langdale, and "Sit Richard Hutton,
found to be the Trumpeter formerly High Sheriff of Yorkſhire, together
fent from Cardiff to the Scotiſh Army, with the Earls of Carnewarth, and Nid-
with Letter to the Earl of Leven, diſdale; and ſeveral other Scotiſh'Gen-
General thereof; whð had taken 'him tlemen : He march'd in the Head of
with him to: Berwick, before he would fifteen hundred Horſe; and fo in a
füffer 'him to be diſcharg'd. The Moment became a General, as well as
King aſked him, What he had beard a Secretary of States and march'd pre-
of the Marqużs' of Mountroſe? He fently to Doncamér.
anſwer'd; That the laſt News be had Lecauſe this Expedition was in a
heard of him, was that he was about ſhort Time at an End, it will not be
Sterling, retiring farther North; and amiſs to finiſh this Relation in this
that David Lefley was in Lothian, 'on' Place; there being no Occaſion to re-
The Side of Edinburgh ; and that the ſume it hereafter. The Lord Digby
Scottiſh Army lay between North Al: was inform'd at his being at Doncaſter,
lerton and Newcaſtle. This ſo unex. That there was, in a Town two or three
pected 'Relation, daſhed the former Miles diftant, and little out of the Way
Purpoſe; and the Lord Digby himſelf of the next Days march, one thouſand
declard, That it was by no Means fit. Foot newly raiſed for the Parliament;
for his Majeſty to advance; but to re- which he reſolv?d, the next Morning
tire preſently to Newark; which was; to fall upon; and did it ſo well, that
by: every body, agreed to; and the they threw down their Arons, and
Rendezvous of the Army for the next diſperſed; 'whereupon he proſecuted
Morning.'to continue. When they his March to a Town call’d Sherborne,
were at the Rendezvous, the King de- where he ſtay'd to refreſh his Troops;
Clard, That though it was not judged and whilſt he ſtay'd there, he had No-
fit for bimſelf to advance Northward, tice of the Advance of ſome Troops of
gjet be thought it very neceſſary, that Sir Horſe towards him, under the Com-
Marmaduke Langdale ſhould, with the mand of Colonel Copley: Digby pre-
Horſe under bis Command, march away; fently founded to Horſe, and having
and endeavour to joyn with Mountroſe. gotten . ſome few Troops ready,
And, having faid ſo, his Majeſty march'd with them out of the Town;
look'd
upon
Sir Marmaduke;' who ve- and finding Copley ſtanding upon a con-
ry cheerfully fubmitted to his Ma- venient. Ground, he would not ſtay
jeſty's Pleaſure ; and ſaid, He had on for his other Companies, but imme-
3
diately
$
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
417
i
diately: charg'd' them with that Cou. Life, uſually fëll-out in a Conjuncture
rage, that "he routed moſt of their Bo- when he had near atraind. to what he
dies; which, after:a ſhort Refiſtance; could with) he had without doubt been
fled, and were purſued by his Horfè Maſter of York, and of the whole
through Sherborne, where the other North ; the Parliament having no. 0-
Troops were refrething themſelves; ther Forces in all thoſe Parts, the Gare
who diſcerning the Flight of Horſe; riſons only excepted, than thoſe Foot
concluded, that they were their own · which he firſt defeated, and choſe
Fellows, who had been routed by the Horfe which he had fo near þroken.
Enemy; and ſo with equal Confuſion The Temper, and Compoſition of his
they mounted cheir Horſes, and fled Mind was ſo admirable: that he was
as fait as the other; 'ſuch Ways, as always more pleaſed and delighted
they ſeverally conceiv'd to be moſt for that he had advanced ſo far, which he
their. Safety. By this :Means, a Troop imputed to his own Virtue and Con-
that remain’d upon the Field unbroken, duct, than broken or dejected that his
fell upon the Lord Digby, and thoſe Succeſs was not anſwerable, whịch he
Officers and Gentlemen that remaind ſtill charg'd upon fecond Cauſes, for
about him; who were compelld to which he thought' himfeif not ac-
make their Retreat to Skippon ; which countable.
they did with the Lofs of Sir Richard : When the Lord Digby and
Sir Mar-
Hutton (a gallant and worthy Gentle- maduke: Langdale left the, King, his
man, and the Son and Heir of a very Majeſty march'd back to Newark
venerable Judge, a Man famous in his with eight; hạndred Horſe of his own
Generation) and two or three other Guards, and the-Troops belonging to
Perſons; with the Loſs of the Lord the Lord Gerrard; and quickly heard
Digby's Baggage ; in which was his of the Misfortune that befell the Nor-
Cabinet of Papers; which, being pub- thern Adventurers ; upon which he
liſhed by the Parliament, adminifter'd concluded that it would not be ſafe for
afterwards ſo much Occaſion of Dif. him to ſtay longer in the Place where
courſe.
he was, for by this Time Pointz was
At Skippon, moſt of the ſcatter'd come with all his Troops to Notting-
Troops came together again, with bam, and Refſiter with all the Force of
which he march'd, without any other Lincolnſhire to Grantham; and all the
Miſadventures, through Cumberland Power his Majeſty had, was not in any
and Weſtmoreland, as far as Dumfreeze Degree ſtrong enough to oppoſe either
in Scotland; and then, heither receive of them; ſo that he was only to watch
ing Directions which Way to march, an Opportunity by the Darkneſs of the
nor where Mountroſe was, and leſs Nights
, and good Guides, to ſteal
knowing how to retire without falling from thence to Worceſter or Oxford;
into the Hands of the Scotiſh Army in either of which he could only expect
upon the Borders; in the higheſt De a little more Time and Leiſure to con-
ſpair, that Lord, Sir Marmaduke fider what was next to be done.
Langdale; the two Earls, and moſt of But before his Majeſty can leave
the other Officers, embarkᵒd them- Newark, he muſt undergo a new kind
felves for the Iſle of Man; and ſhortly of Mortification from his Friends,
after, for Ireland ; where we ſhall much ſharper than any. he had under-
leave them, all the Troops being left gone from his Enemies; which, with-
by them to ſhift for themſelves. Thus out doubt, he ſuffered with much
thoſe fifteen hundred Horſe which more Grief, and Perplexity of Mind.
march'd Northward, within very few Prince Rupert was now come to Bela
Days were brought to nothing; and voir-Caſtle; with his Brother Prince
the Generalſhip of the Lord Digby, to Maurice, and about one hundred and
an End. But if it had not been for (wenty Officers who attended him;
that extraordinary Accident of the fly- with which he had fuftained a Charge
ing of his own Troops, becauſe the from Roſſiter, and broke through with-
Enemy filed (as the greateſt Misfor- out any conſiderable Loſs. When the
tunes which befel that noble Perſon, King heard of his being, fo near, he
throughout the whole Courſe of his writ a Letter to him, by which, He
5 N
122
re
418
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
required bim to ſtay at Belvoit till fure the Sunday Night; being the twen-
ther Order; and reprebended bim for tieth of Oktober 3: which he imparted to
not having given Obedience to bis former none buč two or three of the neareſt
Commands. Notwithſtanding this Com- Truſt. But the Differences were grown
mand, he came the next Day to New- fo high between the Governor and
arks and was met by the Lord Gero the Commiſſioners, and had been fo
rard, and Sir Richard Willisy
, Gover- much encreaſed by the mutual Conteſt;
nor of the Town, with one hundred which had been between them in the
Horſe, two Miles in his Way. About Preſence of the King; that there was
an Hour after, with this Train, he no Poſſibility of reconciling them,
came to Court; and found the King and very little of preſerving the Garri-
in the Preſences and, without Cere- . ſon, but by the Removal of the Go:
mony, told his Majeſty; That he was vernor ; which was ſo evident to the
"come to render an Account of the Loſs of King, that he' reſolvid on that Expe=
Briſtol, and to clear himſelf from thoſe dient; and, on the Sunday Morning,
Imputations which had been raft uponi fent for Sir Richard Willis into his
"bim. The King ſaid 'very little to Bed-Chamber į and after many gracious
him, but, Meat being brought up, Expreſſions, of the Satisfaction he had
went to Supper, and, during that receiv'd in his Service, and of the
"Time, aſked ſome Queſtions of Prince great Abilities he had to ſerve him, he
· Maurice, without ſaying any thing to told him, His own Deſign to be gone
the other. After he had ſupped, he that Nights and that he reſolv'd to take
· retired to his Chamber, without ad- bim with him, and to make him Captain
mitting any farther Diſcourſe ; and of bis Horfe Guards; in the Place of the
-the Prince return to the Governor's Earl of Lichfield, who had been late-
Houſe, where he was well treated and ly kill'd before Cheſter (which was
lodged. The King, how diſpleaſed a Command fit for any Subject) and
ſoever, thought it neceffary to hear that he would leave the Lord Bellaſis
what Prince Rupert would ſay, that Gevernor of Newark, who being allied
he might with the more Eaſe provide to moſt of the Gentlemen of the adjacent
for his own Eſcape from thence ;. Counties; -and having a good Eſtate
which it was high Time to make. So there, would be more acceptable to them.
he appointed the next Day to hear his Sir Richard Willis appear'd very
Defence, which the Prince made with much troubled; and excuſed the not
"many Proteftations of his Innocence, taking the other Command, as a Place
and how impoffiblc-it was long to de- of too great Honour, and that his For:
fend that Fort, after the Line was en- tune could not maintain him in that Em-
fred. His Majeſty did not ſuſpect his ployment; he ſaid, that his Enemies
Nephew to have any malicious Deſign would triumph at his Removal, and be
againſt his Service, and had no Mind ſhould be looked upon as caſt out, and
to aggravate any Circumſtances which diſgraced. The King replied, That he
had accompanied that Action; and would take care, and provide for bis
therefore, after a Day or two's De- Support; and that a Man could not be
-bates, cauſed a ſhort Declaration to be looked upon as diſgraced, who was
drawn up, by which Prince Rupert placed fo near his Perſon; which, he
was abſolv'd and clear'd from any told him, he would find to be true,
Diſloyalty or Treaſon, in the render- when he bad thought a little of it. So
ing of Briſtol, but not of ľndiſcretion. his Majeſty went out of his Chamber,
So the Matter was ſettled ; ' upon which and preſently to the Church. When
the King, expected the Prince ſhould 'he return'd from thence, he ſat down
have departed; as himſelf-reſolv'd to to dinner; the Lords and other of his
profecute the Means for his own E- Servants, retiring likewiſe to their
fcape, without communicating it to Lodgings. Before the King had din'd,
him.
Sir Richard Willis, with both the
The Change of the Poſture of the Princes, the Lord Gerrard, and about
Enemy,' and Pointz's coming to the twenty Oficers of the Garriſon, enter-
North-ſide of Trent, made his Ma. ed into the Preſence Chamber :
jefty reſolve. to begin his-March-on Willis addreſſed himſelf to the King,
:
3
and
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 419
1
and told him, That what bis Majeſty and that, if this might not be granted,
bad ſaid to him in private, was now they deſired Paſſes for themſelves, and
the publick Talk of the Town, and very as many. Horfe as deſired to go with
much to his Diſhonour : Prince Rupert them. Witbal, they ſaid, they hoped;
ſaid, That Sir Richard Willis was to that his Majeſty would not look upon
be remov'd from his Gevernment, for no this Aetion of theirs as a Mutiny. To
Fault that
be bad committed, but for the laſt, the King faid, He would not novu
being his Friend :
The Lord Ger- Cbriften it; but it look'd very like one
rard added, That it was the Plot of As for the Court of War, he would not
the Lord. Digby, who was à Traytor, make that a Judge of his Actions ; 'but
and he would prove him to be fo. The for the Paffes, they ſhould be immediate
King was ſo ſurprized with this Man- ly prepared for as many as deſired to
ner of Behaviour, that he roſe in ſome have them. The next Morning, the
Diſorder from the Table, and would Paffes were ſent to them; and in the
have gone into his Bed-Chamber; ca!- Afternoon they left the Town; being
ling Sir Richard Willis to follow him'; in all about two hundred Horſes and
who anſwer'd aloud, Thàt he had re- 'went to Wyverton, a ſmall Garriſon
ceivéd a publick Injury, and therefore depending upon Newark, where they
that be expected
. a publick Satisfaction. ſtayed ſome Days; and from thence
This, with what had paſſed before, ſo went to Belvoir-Caſtle ; from whence
provoked his Majeſty, thats with they fent one of their Number to the
greater Indignation than he was ever Parliament, Todeſire leave;' and Paſſes,
feen pofieffed with, he commanded to go beyond the Seas.
them, to depert his Préſence, and to come Beſides the exceeding Trouble and
no more into it; and this with ſuch Vexation that this Action of his Ne
Circumſtances in his Looks and Ge- phews, towards whom he had always
ſture, as well as Words, that they ap- expreſſed ſuch 'Tenderneſs and Indul-
pear'd' no leſs confounded ; and de- gence, gave the King, it had well
parted the Room, alhamid of what nigh broke the Deſign he had for his
they had done ; ýet as ſoon as they preſent Eſcape 3. which was not poſtie
came to the Governor's Houſe, they ble to be executed in that Time: And
ſounded to Horſe, intending to be Pointz and Roſſiter drew every Day
preſently gone.
nearer, believing they had ſo encom-
The Noiſe of this unheard of Info: paſſed him roạnd, that it was not por-
lence, quickly brought the Lords who lible for him to get out of their Hands.
were abfent, and all the Gentlemen in They had now beſieged Shetford-
the Town, to the King, with Expref- Houſe, a Garriſon belonging to New
fions full of Duty, and a very tender wark, and kept ſtrong Guards be-
Senſe of the Uſage he had endured. 'tween that and Belvoir, and ſtronger
There is no doubt, he could have pro- towards Lichfield; which was the Way
ceeded in what Manner he would a- they moſt ſuſpected his Majeſty would
gainſt the Offenders. But his Majeſty incline to take; ſo that the Truth is,
thought it beſt, on many Conſidera- nothing but Providence could conduct
tions, to leave them to themſelves, him out of that Labyrinth, but the
and to be punith'd by their own Re- King gave not himſelf over. He had
flections ; and preſently declar'd the fixed now his. Reſolution for Oxford;
Lord Bellaſis to be Governor; 'who and ſent a trúffy Meſſenger thither
immediately betook himſelf to his with Directions, that the Horſe of that
Charge, and placed the Guards 'in Garriſon ſhould be ready, upon a Day
ſuch a Manner as he thought reaſona- he appointed, between Banbury
' and
ble. In the Afternoon a Petition and Daventry. , Then, upon Monday, the
Remonftrance was brought to the third of November, early in the Morn-
King, ſign'd by the two Princes, and ing, he ſent à Gentleman to Belvoir-
about four and twenty Officers; in Caſtle, to be inform'd of the true State
which they deſired, That Sir Richard of the Rebels Quarters, and to adver-
Willis might receive a Trial by a Court tiſe Sir Gërvas Lucas, the Governor
of War; and if they found him faulių, of that Garriſon, of his Majeſty's De
then to be diſmiſſed from his Charge, ſign to march thither that Night, with
Order
..
420
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ments,
Order that his Troops and Guides dents, as muſt have broken the Spirits
ſhould be ready at ſuch an Hour; but of any Man who had not been truly
with an expreſs Charge, That he ſhould magnanimous. At Oxford, the King
not acquaint the Princesy. or any of their found himſelf at Rėſt and Eaſe to re-
Company, with it.
volve, and reflect upon what was paſt;
The Gentleman being. return'd with and to adviſe and conſult of what was
very particular Informätion, the Re- to be done, with Perſons of entire
Solution was taken,. To march
. that very Devction to him, and of ſteady Judg-
Night, but not publiſh'd ļill an Hour
after the soutling the Ports. Then The Prince of Wales did not enjoy
Order was given, That all ſhould be ſo much Reſt and Eaſe in his Quar.
ready in the Market-Place, at ten of ters; for, upon the Hurry of the. Re-
the Clock ;, and by that Time the treat of the Horſe, very maný, of the
Horſe were all there, and were in Train'd-Bands of Cornwal broke looſe,
Number between four and five hun- and run to their Houſes, pretending,
dred; of the Guards and of other loofe They feard that the Horſe would go into
Regiments; they were all there put in that County, and plunder them; for
Order, and every Man was placed in which Fear they had the greater Pre-
Some Troop; which done, about ele- 'tence, becauſe, upon the Retreat,
ven of the Clock, they began to march; many Regiments had Orders from the
"the King '
hịmſelf in the Head of his "Lord Wentworth to quarter in Corn-
'own Troop; márch'd'in'the middle of 'wal; of which his Highneſs was no ſoon-
the whole Body. By thrée of the er advertiſed, than 'he ſent his Orders
*Clock in the Morning, they wețe poſitive, That no one Regiment of Horſe
arriva at Belvoir ; without the leaſt ſhould be there, but that they ſhould be
Interruption 'or Alarm given. There all quatter'd on the Devon Side. Upon
Sir Gervas" Lucas, and his Troops, that, they 'were diſperſed about the
with good Guides, were ready : Country, for the Space of thirty Miles
and attended his Majeſty -- till. the breadth, as if no Enemy had been with-
break of Day; by. 'which Time he in two Days March of them. They
was paff thoſe Quarters he moſt were now drawn together and to be en-
apprehended; but he was ſtill to gaged in one Actionagainſt the Enemy,
march between their Garriſons; and all the Horſe and Foot of the Lord
therefore made no Delay, but march'd "Goring ; the Command whereof, the
all that Day ;. palling near. Burleigh Lord Wentworth challenged to him-
upon the Hill, a Garriſon of the Ene- ſelf by. Deputation; the Horſe and
my, from whence fome, Horſe waited Foot of Sir Richard Greenvil; and the
upon the Rear, and cook and killd Horſe and Foot of General Digby, nei-
Tome Men, 'who either negligently ther of which acknowledged a Superi-
ſtaid behind, or whoſe Horſes were ority in the other, beſides the Guards;
"tired. . Towards the Evening, the which no body pretended to command
King was ſo very weary, that he was but the Lord Capel. When the Prince
even compelled to reſt and Neep for the remov'd: from Taviſtock, the raiſing
Space of four Hours,. in a Village with 'the Blockade from Plymouth was ablo-
in eight Miles of Northampton. At lutely neceſſary; and it was concluded,
'ten of the Clock that Night, they be as hath been ſaid, at" a Council of
gun to march again; and.were, before 'War, That it would be fit for bis High-
Day, the next Morning paſt Daven- 'nėſs to remove to Launceſton ; whither
try; and before Noon, came to Ban the Train'd-Bands, and the reſt of the
bury; where the Oxford Horſe were "Foot jould likewiſe come, and the Horſe
ready, and waited upon his Majeſty, march on the. Devonſhire Side, and
and conducted him fafe to Oxford that quarter moſt conveniently in that Couna
Day; fo he finiſh'd the moit tedious 'ty. The Care of the Retreat, and
and grievous March that ever King bringing the Proviſions from Tavi.
was exerciſed in, having been almoſt ſtock, was committed to Sir Richard
in perpetual Motion, from the Loſs Greenvil; which was perform'd by
of the Battle of Naſeby to this Hour, him ſo negligently, that beſides the
with ſuch a Variety of diſmal Acci. Diſorders he faffer'd in Taviſtock, by
the
5
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
421
1
came
:
the Soldiers, a great Part of the Ma- wicked, beaten Army, upon which he
gazine of Victuals, and three or four muſt engage his. Honour, and the
hundred Pair of Shoes were left there; Hope of what was left, without hav-
and ſo loft. The Day after the Prince ing Time to reform or inſtruct them.
to Launceſton, Sir Richard That which made the Reſolution ne-
Greenvil writ a Letter to him, wherein ceffary, was, that though there was
he repreſented, The Impoſſibility of little Hope of their doing good by
keeping that Army together, or fighting any Alteration in Command, there was
with it in the Condition it was then in; evident and demonftrable. Ruin attend.
told him, That he had the Night be- ed no Alteracion; and they who were
fore, ſent Directions to Major General truſted might be accountable to the
Harris (who commanded the Foot World, for not adviſing the Prince to
that came from about Plymouth) to do that, which, how hopeleſs-ſoever,
guard the Bridge; but that he return’d only remain'd to be done.
him Word, that he would receive Oro Thereupon, on the fifteenth of Jan
ders from none but General Digby; that nuary, his Highneſs made an Order,
General Digby ſaid, that he would re That the Lord Hopton should take the
ceive Orders from none but his High- Charge of the whole Army upon him;
neſs; that a Party of the Lord Went- and that the Lord Wentworth ſoould
worth's Horſe had the ſame Night come command all the Horſe, and Sir Richard
into his Quarters, where his Troop of Greenvil the Foot. It was a heavy
Guards, and bis Fire-locks were; that Impofition, I confeſs, upon the Lord
neither ſubmitting to the Command of Hopton (to which nothing but the moſt
the other, they had fallen foul, and two abſtracted Duty and Obedience could
or three Men had been kill'd; that it have ſubmitted) tº take Charge of
was abſolutely neceſſary, his Highneſs thoſe Horſe whom only their Friends
should conſtitute one ſuperior Officer, fear’d, and their Enemies taughed at;
from whom all thoſe independent Officers being only terrible in Plunder, and re-
might rcceive Orders; without which, ſolute in running away. Of all the
it would not be poſſible for that Army to Train’d-Bands of Cornwal, there was
be kept together, or do Service; that for not three hundred left; and thoſe, by
bis
. part, he knew his Severity and Di- ſome Infuſions from Greenvil and ó.
ſcipline had render'd him ſo odious to the thers, not fo devoted to him as might
Lord Goring's Horſe, that they would have been expected. . The reſt of the
ſooner chooſe to ſerve the Enemy, than Foot, were the three Regiments of
receive Orders from him; therefore be about ſix hundred; which belong'd to
deſired his Highneſs to conſtitute the Sir Richard Greenvil, and the Oficers
Earl of Brentford, or the Lord Hop- of them intirely his Creatures; and
ton, to command in chief, and then he thoſe belonging to General Digby,
hoped, Some Good might be done againſt which were not above five hundred;
the Enemy.
To theſe were added, about two hun-
The Miſchief was more viſible by dred and fifty Foot, and eight hun-
much than a Remedy; it was evident dred Horſe of the Guards; who were
ſome Action muſt be with the Enemy commanded by the Lord Capel, and
within few Days, and what Inconve- entirely to receive Orders from his
nience would fow from any Altera- Lordſhip.
tion, at ſuch a Conjuncture of Time, The Lord Hopton very generouſly
was not hard to gueſs, when both told the Prince, That it was a Cuſtom
Officer and Soldier were deſirous to now, when Men were not willing to
take any Occaſion, and to find any ſubmit to what they were enjoyn'd, to
Excuſe to lay down their Arms; and say, that it was againſt their Honour ;
it was plain, though there were very that their Honour would not ſuffer them
few who could do good, there were to do this or that ; for his part, he could
enough that could do hurt; beſides, not obey his Highneſs at this Time,
whoever was fit to undertake ſo great a without reſolving to loſe his Honour :
Truſt and Charge, would be very which he knew he muſt ; but ſince his
hardly entreated to take upon him the Highneſs thought it neceſſary to command
Command of a diſſolute, undiſciplind, him, he was ready to obey him with the
5 O
Lofs
124
422
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
Loſs of Honour. Since the making of tend the publick Service, if be fould .
this Order' was concluded an Act of then, and in ſuch a Menner, quit the
abſolute Neceſſity, and the Lord Hop- Charge bis Highneſs bad committed to
ton had ſo worthily ſubmitted to it, it him; that more jould not be expected
was poſitively reſolved by his High- from him than.was agreeable to bis
neſs, That it ſhould be dutifully ſubmitted Health; and that if be took the Com-
to by all other Men; or that the Refu- mand upon bim, he ſhould take what Ad:
fers hould be exemplarily puniſhed. jutants be pleas'd to aſit bim. But
There was not the leaſt Sufpicion that notwithſtanding all that the Prince
Sir Richard Greenoil would not wil. could ſay to him, or ſuch of his.
lingly, have ſubmitted to it, but was Friends, who thought they had Inter-
believid that the Lord Wentwortb; eſt in him, he continued obſtinate ;
who had carried himſelf ſo high, and and poſitively refuſed to take the.
more infolently ſince his diſorderly Charge, or to receive Orders from the
Retreat than before, would have re. Lord Hopton.
fus'd; which if he had done, it was What ſhould the Prince have done?
reſolv'd by the Prince preſently to for beſides the ill Conſequence of ſuf-
have committed him, and to have de- fering himſelf to be in that manner
fir'd the Lord Capel to have taken the contemned, at a Time when that. Ar-
Charge of the Horſe.
my was ſo indiſpoſed, it was very evi-
His Highneſs fent Sir Richard dent, if Greenvil were at liberty, and
Greenvil a Letter of Thanks, for the the Army once march'd out of Corn-
Advice which he had given ; and wal, he would have put himſelf in the
which, he ſaid, he bad follow'd, as by Head of all the diſcontented Party,
the incloſed Order he might perceive; and at leaſt endeavour'd to have hin.
by which bis Highneſs had committed derid their Retreat back into Cornwal,
the Charge of the whole Army to the upon what Occaſion ſoever; and for
Lord Hoptón, appointing that the the preſent that he would under-hand
Lord Wentworth ſhould command all have kept many from marching with
the Horſe,, and Sir Richard Greenvil the Army, upon the ſenſeleſs Pretence
alt the Foot, and both to receive Orders of defending their own Country. So
from the Lord Hopton : No Man that, upon full Confideration; his
imagining it poſſible, that beſides that Highneſs thought fit to commit him
he had given the Advice, he could.. to Priſon to the Governor of Laun.
have refuſed that Charge, by which ceſton; and within two or three Days.
he was thought to have a greater after, ſent him to the Mount; where
Command than ever he had before, he remaind till the Enemy was poffef-
and was to be commanded by none fed of the County : when his High-
but by whom he had often been for- neſs, that he might by no means fall
merly commanded. But the next Day into their Hands, gave him leave to
after he receiv'd that Leţter and Or- tranſport himſelf beyond the Sea.
der, contrary to all Expectation, he The Lord Wentworth, though he
writ to his Highneſs, To deſire to be ſeem'd much ſurprized with the Or-
excuſed, in refpeet of bis Indiſpoſition of der when he heard it read at the
Health ; expreſſing, that be could do: Board, yet fubmitted; and went that
bim better Service in getting up the Sole Night out of Town to his Quarters ;. of
diers tubo ftragled in the Country, and which moft Men were not glad, but
in ſuppreſſing Malignants; and at the rather wiſhed (ſince they knew he
fame Time, writ to the Lord Colepėp- would never obey chearfully), that he
per, That he could not conſent to be would have put the Prince to have
commanded by the Lord Hopton. It made further Alterations ; which yet
plainly appear'd now, that his drift wouldhave been accompanied with Ha-
was to ſtay behind, and command zard enough. By this Time came the
Cornwal; with which, conſidering Intelligence of the Loſs of Dartmouth,
the Premiſes, the Prince thought he which added neither Courage, nor
had no reaſon to truſt him. He ſent Numbers to our Men; and the Im-
for him therefore, and told him, The portunity was ſuch from Exeter for
Extreme ill Conſequence that would at preſent Relief, that there ſeem'd
even
2
2
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 423
a Neceſſity of attempting ſomewhat to- Foot, to abide them in that Placé ;
wards it, upon how great Diſadvan- where, if the Enemy ſhould attempo
tage foever; and therefore the Lord him in ſo faſt a Quarter; he might
Hepton reſolv'd to march by the Way defend himſelf with more Advantages
of Chimley ; that ſo, between the Ene- than he could in any other Place: So
my and Barnſtalle, he might borrow he placed his Guards; and appointed
as many Men out of the Garriſon, as all Men to their Poſts, having drawn
could be ſpared; and by ſtrong Par as many Horſe (ſuch as on the ſudden
ties at leaſt to attempt upon their he could get) into the Town, as he
Quarters; he afterwards marched to thought neceffary; the reſt being ora
Launceſton.
der'd to ſtand on a Common, at the
It was Friday the ſixth of February, Eaſt End of the Town. But the Ene-
before the Lord Hopton could move my forced the Barricado in one place
from: Launceſton, for want of Carria: by the Baſeneſs of the Foot; with
ges for their Ammunition, and Pro- which the Horſe in the Town more
viſion of Victual ; neither had he bafely receiv'd ſuch a Fright; that
then Carriages for above half their they could neither be made to charges
little-Store, but rely'd upon the Com- nor ſtand; but, in perfect Confuſions
miffioners to ſend the Remainder after ; run away; whoſe Example all the
and ſo went to Torrington; where he Foot upon the Line, and at their o-
reſolv'd to faſten, tilſ his Proviſions ther Poſts, follow'd, leaving their Ge-
could be brought up; and he might neral (who was hurt in the Face with
receive certain Intelligence of the Mo a Pike, and his Horſe killed under
tion, and Condition of the Enemy. him) with two or three Gentlemen,
He had not continued there above to ſhift for themſelves ; one of the
four Days, in which he had barrica- Oficers públickly reporţing, left they
doed, and made ſome little Faſtnefies · ſhould not make Halte enough in rụn-
about the Town, when Sir Thomas ning away, That he ſaw their General
Fairfax advanced to Chimley, within run through the Body with a' Pike.
eight Miles of Torrington, with fix The Lord Hopton recovering a freſh
thouſand Foot, three. thouſand five Horſe, was compellid (being thus
hundred Horſe, and five hundred Dra. deſerted by his Men) to retire ; which
goons; of which ſo near advance of he did, to the Borders of Cornwal;
the Eneny, (notwithſtanding all the and ſtay'd at Stratton two or three
ftrict Orders for keeping of Guards) Days, till about a thouſand or twelve
he had not known but by a Lieute- hundred of his Foot came up to him.
nant, who was accidentally plundering It was then in Conſultation, fince there
in thoſe Parts, and fell amonft.them. was no Likelihood of making any
So negligent and unfaithful, were both Stand againſt the Enemy with ſuch
Oficers and Soldiers in their Duty. Foot, and that it was viſible that Body
The Lord Hopton having this Intel- of Horſe could not long fubfift in
ligence of the Strength, and Neigh- Cornwal, whether the Horſe might
bourhood of the Enemy, had his E. not break through to Oxford; which,
lection of two Things, either to retire in reſpect of their great Wearineſs,
into Cornwal, or to abide them where having ſtood two or three Days and
he was ;. the firſt, beſides the diſheart. Nights in the Field, and the Enemies
ning of his Men, ſeem'd rather a de- Strength being drawn up within two
ferring, than a preventing of, any Miles of them, was concluded to be
Miſchief that could befall him ; for he impoſſible. Beſides, that there was
foreſaw, if he brought that great Body at that Time a confident Aſſurance,
of Horſe into Cornwal, the few that by an Expreſs (Sir D. Wyat) out of
remain’d of the Train'd-Bands, would France, of four or five thouſand Foot to
immediately diffolve, and run to their come from thence within three Weeks, or
Houſes; and the Remainder of Horſe a Month at fartheſt ; thoſe Letters,
and Foot, in a fhort Time, be de- and the Meſſengers, averring, That
ſtroyed without an Enemy. There- moſt of the Men were ready, when be
fore he rather choſe, notwithſtanding came away.
the great Diſadvantage of Number in The Enemy advanced to Strattony
and
424
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and fo to Launceſton ; where Mr Edge- yerally receiv'd Intelligen:e of a Deſign
comb, who had always pretended to to ſeize the Perſon of the Prince; and
Þe of the King's Party, with his Re- that many Perſons of Quality of the
giment of Train'd-Bands, joyn’d with Country were privy to it. Hereupon
them; and the Lord Hopton retir’d to the Prince thought it moſt convenient
Bodmin; the Horſe, Officers and Sol to ſtay were he was, and ſo return'd
diers, notwithſtanding all the ſtrict no more to Truro. The Time of ap-
Orders, very negligently performing parent Danger was now in View, and
their Duty; inſomuch as the Lord if there were in truth any Deſign of
Ilopton proteſted, That from the Time ſeizing the Prince's Perſon, they had
be undertook the Charge, to the Hour of reaſon to believe that ſome of his own
their diſſolving, ſcarce a Party or Servants were not Strangers to it. The
Guard appeard with half the Number Lords Capel and Hopton being at the
appointed, or within two Hours of the Army; only the Prince, the Lord
Time ; and Goring's Brigade, having Colepepper, and the Chancellor of the
the Guard upon the Down near Bod- Exchequer, knew the King's Pleaſure,
min, drew off without Orders, and and what was to be done. And they
without ſending out a Scout; inſomuch two had' no Confidence, that they
as the whole Groſs of the Rebels, ſhould have Reputation enough to go
were at Day time march'd within three through with it; the Earl of Berkſhire
Miles, before the Foot in Bodmin had continuing very jealous of the Deſign
any Notice. So that the Lord Hopton of going into France, whatever they
was inſtantly forced to draw off his ſaid to the contrary : The Governor
Foot and Carriages Weſtward; and of the Caſtle was old and fearful; and
kept the Field that cold Night, being not reſolute enough to be truſted; and
the Firſt of March; but could not, by his Son, though a gallant Gentleman,
all his Orders diligently ſent out, draw and worthy of any Truſt, had little
any conſiderable Body of Horſe to Credit with his Father.
him by the End of the next Day ; There was no Letter from the King
they having quartered themſelves at : fit to be publickly fhew'd, in which
pleaſure over the Country, many a there were not ſome Clauſes which
bove
twenty
Miles from Bodmin, and would have been applied to his Ma-
many running to the Enemy; and o. jeſty's Differvice ; eſpecially if he
thers purpoſely ſtaying in their Quar- ſhould have been at London, which
ters, till the Enemy came to diſpoſſeſs was then confidently averr’d by ſome,
them.
who ſwore, They met him at Uxbridge.
When by the Diſorders and Diſtrac- Therefore theſe two Counſellors con-
tions of the Army, which are before cluded, That the Prince's going away.
fet down, his Highneſs was perſwaded muſt ſeem to be the Effeet of Counſel up-
to'make his own Reſidence in Cornwal, on Neceflity, and the Appearance of
he came to Truro on the 12th Day of Danger to his Perſon without any
February; where he receiv'd a Letter Mention of the King's Command. But
from the King, directed to thoſe four But how to procure this Reſolution
of the Council who had ſigned that to from the Council was the Difficulty.
his Majeſty at Taviſtock.
They very well knew the Lords Mind
The Prince having ſtaid ſome Days who were abfent, but durft not own
at Truro, went to Pendennis; intend- that Knowledge, leſt the Deſign
ing only to recreate himſelf for two or might be more ſuſpected : In the
three Days; and to quicken the End, having adviſed Baldwin Wake,
Works, which were well advanced; to cauſe the Frigat belonging to Haf-
his Highneſs having iſſued all the dunck, and the other Ships, to be
Money he could procure, towards the ready at an Hours warning; they pro-
finiſhing of them. But, in the very poſed in Council, when the Lords
Morning that he meant to return to Berkſhire and Brentford were preſent,
Truro, his Army being then retired, To ſend Mr. Fanſhaw to the Army, to
and Fairfax at the Edge of Cornwal, receive the Opinion and Advice of the
the Lord Hopton and the Lord Capel Lords that were there, what was beſt to
ſent Advertiſements, That they had ſen be done coith reference to the Perſon of
1
I
the
in the, Reign of King CHARLES I.
425
1
the Prince, 'end whether it was fit to his Highneſs should have Cauſe to ſuſpect
hazdrd bism in Pendennis; which was the Security of bis Perſon there (the
accordingly done. Their Lordſhips, Place in no Degree anſwering Expec-
according to the former Agreement tation, or the Fame of it) be would
between them, return’d their Advice, immediately embark himſelf in the ſame
That it was not fit to adventure bis Frigat.(which attended there) and ga
Highneſs in that. Caſtle, and that be to Jerſey.
should remove to. Jerſey or Silly. This, When the Lord Hopton found that
upon Mr. Fanſhaw's Report, was una- he could put no Reſtraint to the Li-
nimouſly conſented to by the whole cenſe of the Soldiers, he called a
Council.
Council of War to conſider what was
But becauſe Jerſey was ſo near to to be done. The principal Officers
France, and ſo might give the greater of the Horſe were ſo far from conſi-
Umbrage, and that Silly was a Part dering any Means to put their Men in
of Cornwal, and was by them con- Order, and heart to face the Enemy,
ceiv'd a Place of unqueſtionable that they declared in plain Engliſh,
Strength, the publicki Reſolution was That their Men would never be brought
for Silly, it being in their Power, to fight; and therefore propoſed po-
when they were at Sea, to go for fitively, to ſend for a Treaty : From
Jerſey, if the Wind was fair for one, which not one Officer diffented, ex-
and croſs to the other. So the Reſo- cept only Major General Web, who
lution being imparted to no more always profeffed againſt it. The Lord
that Night, than was of abſolute Ne-. Hopton told them, It was a Thing that
ceſſity (for we apprehended Clamour he could not conſent to without expreſs
from the Army, from the Country; Leave from the Prince (who was then
and froin that Garriſon in whoſe at Pendennis-Caſtle) to whom he would
Power, the Prince was) the next immediately diſpatch away an Expreſs;
Morning; being Monday, the Second hoping, that, by that Delay, he
of Märch, after the News was come ſhould be able to recover the Officers
that the Army wasretiring from Bod- to a better: Reſolution; or that, by
nin, and the Enemy" márching fu- the Advance of the Enemy, they
riouſly after, and thereby Men were would be compellid to fight. But
fufficiently, awaken'd with the Appre- they continued their 'Importunity,
henſion of the Prince's Safety ; the and; at laſt, a Trumpet arriv'd from
Governor and his Son were call'd into Sir Thomas Fairfax with a Letter to
the Council, and made acquainted the Lord Hopton, offering a Treaty,
{with the Prince's Reſolution, That and making ſome Propoſitions to the
Night to embark bimſelf for Silly, being Officers and Soldiers. His Lordſhip
a Part of. Cornwal; from whence;. by communicated not this Letter to a
Juch Aids and Relief, as be hoped be bove one or two, of principal Truſt;
Should procure from France, and Fö- «conceiving it not fit, in that Diſorder
reign Parts;- be-ſhould be beſt able to re- and Dejectedneſs, to make it publick.
lieve thém. And accordingly, that Hereupon, all the principal Officers
Night, about ten of the Clock, he 'aſſembled together (except the Major
put himſelf on board ; and on Wed- General; Web} and expreſſing much
neſday in the Afternoon, arriy'd ſafe Diſcontent thắt they might not ſee
in Silly; from whence, within two the Letter, declare peremptorily to
Days, the Lord. Colepepper was ſent the Lord Hopton, That if he would not
into Frènce, to acquaint the Queen, 'conſent to it, they were reſolv'd to treat
Witb bis Highneſs's being at Silly,
with themſelves. And from this Time,
the Wants and Incommodities of that they neither , kept Guards nor per-
Place; and to deſire Supply of Men and form'd any Duty; their Horſe every
Monies for the Defence thereof, and the Day mingling with the Enemy, with.
Support of his own Perſon ; it being a out the leaſt Act of Hoftility. In this
greed in Council, before the Lord Screight, the Lord Hopion having
Colepepper's going from Silly, That if, fent his Ammunition and Foot into
tipon Advancement of the Parliament Pendennis, and the Mount, and de-
Fieet, or any other apparent Danger, clar'd, That be would neither treat for
125
5 P
bim-
i
426
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
And a
bimſelf and the Garriſons, he gave the Order, to proceed, as he should find
Horſe leave to treat'; and thereupon himſelf able, towards the gathering a
thoſe Articles were concluded, by Body of Horſe together, againſt the
which that Body of Horſe was diſ. Spring, from thoſe Garriſons which
foly’d; and himſelf and the Lord were left, and from Wales: And
Capel, with the firſt Wind, went what Progreſs he made towards it
from the Mount to Silly, to attend his will be ſoon known.
Highneſs; who, as is ſaid, was gone When a full Proſpect, upon the
thither from Pendennis-Caſtle, after moſt mature Deliberation, was taken,
the Enemies whole Army was enter'd of all the Hopes which might with
Cornwal.
any colour of Reaſon be entertain'd;
We left the King in Oxford, free all that occurr’d, appear’d ſo hope-
from the Trouble and Uneaſineſs of leſs and deſperate, that it was thought
thoſe perpetual and wandring March- fit to refort to an old Expedient,
es, in which he had been ſo many that had been found as deſperate as
Months exerciſed; and quiet from all any; which was a new Overture for
rude and infolent Provocations. He a Treaty of Peace : For which,
was now amongſt his true and faithful they who adviſed it, had no other
Counſellors and Servants, whoſe Af- Reaſon, but that they could not tell
fection and Loyalty had firſt engaged what elſe to do. Cromwell had left
them in his Service, and made them Fairfax in the Weſt, and with a Par-
ſtick to him to the End; and who, if ty ſelected, had ſer down before Ba-
they were not able to give him Aſlift- ſing; and his imperious Summons hav-
ance, to ſtem that mighty Torrent that ing been rejected, he ſtorm'd the
overbore both him and them, paid Place and took it, and put moſt of
him ftill the Duty that was due to the Garriſon to the Sword :
him, and gave him no Vexation when little before Wincheſter had ſurrender'd
they could not give him Comfort. upon eaſy. Conditions. The leffer
There were yet. Tome Garriſons re- Garriſons in the North, which had
maining in his Obedience, which were itood out till now, were render'd e-
like, during the Winter Seaſon, to be very Day; and the Scotiſh Army,
.preſerv'd from any Attempt of the which had march'd as far as their
Enemy. But upon the Approach of own Borders, was called back, and
the Spring, if the King ſhould be requir’d to beſiege Newark. So that
without an Army in the Field, the whoever thought the ſending to the
Fate of thoſe few Places was eaſily to Parliament (puffed up and ſwoln with
be diſcern'd. And which Way an ſo many Succeſſes) for a Peace, would
Army could poſſibly be brought toge- prove to no Purpoſe, was not yet able
ther, or where it ſhould be rais'd, was to tell, what was like to prove to bet-
not within the Compaſs of the wiſeſt ter Purpoſe. This Reflection alone
Man's Comprehenſion. However, prevail'd with the King, who had
the more difficult it was, the more Vi- enough experimented thoſe Inclina-
gour was to be applied in the Attempt. tions, to refer entirely to the Council,
Worceſter, as it was neighbouring to to chooſe any Expedient, they thought
Wales, had the greateſt Our-let and moſt probable to ſucceed, and to prepare
Elbow-room ; and the Parliament any Meſsage they would adviſe bis Ma-
Party that had gotten any Footing jeſty to ſend to the Parliament. . And
shere, behaved themſelves with that when they had conſider'd it, the O-
Inſolence and Tyranny, that even vertures he had already made, by two
they who had called them thither, ſeveral Meſſages, to which he had re-
were weary of them, and ready to en- ceiv'd no Anſwer, were ſo ample,
ter into any Combination to deſtroy that they knew not what, Addition to
them. Upon this Project, and ſome make to them ; but concluded, That
Invitation, the King ſent the Lord this Meſsage fould contain nothing but
Aſtley (whom he had before, at his a Refentment of ihat, and a Dernand of
being at Cardiff, conſtituted Gover an Anſwer to the Mielages bis Majeſty
nor of thoſe Parts, in the Place of the bad formerly ſent for & Treaty of Peace.
Lord Gerrerd) to Worceſter, with This Meſage had the fame Enter-
tainment
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
427
him ;
tainment which the former had re- ditions which he foreſaw he was ever
ceiv'd. It was receiv'd, read, and like to obtain by Treaty; and he was
then laid aſide without any Debate; not out of hope of a Body of five thou-
which they who wiſh'd well to it had fand Foot to be landed in Cornwal,
not Credit or Courage to advance. which his Letters from France confi-
The King had hoped to draw out dently promiſed, and which had been
of the few Garriſons ſtill in his Poffef- ſo much expected, and depended up-
fion, ſuch a Body of Horſe and Foot, on by the Prince, that it kept him
as might enable him to take the Field . from tranſporting himſelf into Silly,
early in the Spring, though without till Fairfax was march'd within little
any fixed Deſign. But this was daſh'd more than twenty Miles of Pendennis.
in the very Beginning, by the total For Sir Dudley Wyat had been fent ex-
Rout and Defeat the. Lord Aftley un. preſsly from the Lord Jermyn, to ar-
is derwent; who being upon his March ſure the Prince, that fuch a Body of
from Worceſter
. towards Oxford, with five thouſand Foot were actually raiſed
two thouſand Horſe and Foot, and the under the Command of Ruvignie, and
King having appointed to meet ſhould be embark'd for Pendennis with:
him, with another Body of fifteen in leſs than a Month ; and the Lord
hundred Horſe and Foot, Letters and Jermyn, in a Poſtſcript to that Letter
Orders miſcarried, and were inter- which he writ to the Chancellor of the
cepted; whereby the Enemy came to Exchequer by Sir Dudly. Wyat, wiſhed
have Notice of the Reſolution, and him not to be too ſtrict in the Com-
drew a much greater Strength from putation of the Month from the Date
their ſeveral Garriſons of Gloceſter, of the Letter, becauſe there might be
Warwick, Coventry, and Eveſham. Accident of Wind at that Seaſon; but
So that the Lord Aſtley was no ſooner he deſired him to be confident, chat
upon his March, but they follow'd they ſhould be all landed within the
and the ſecond Day, after he Expiration of fix Weeks, and by that
had marched all Night, when he Meaſure to conduct the Reſolutions,
thought he had eſcaped all their Quarand to decline fighting upon that Ac-
ters, they fell upon his wearied count": After all this, it is as true,
Troops; which, though a bold and that there was never a Man at this
ſtout Reſiſtance was made, were at Time levied; or deſign'd for that Ex-
laſt totally defeated; and the Lord 'pedition, only the Name of Ruvignie
Aſtley himſelf, Sir Charles Lucas, who (becauſe he was of the Religion, and
was Lieutenant General of the Horſe, known to be a good Officer) had been
and moſt of the other Officers, who mention'd in ſome looſe Diſcourſe by
were not kill'd, were taken Priſoners. the Cardinal, as one who would be fit
The few who eſcaped, were ſo ſcat- to command any Troops which might
ter'd and diſperſed, that they never be ſent into England for the Relief of
came together again : Nor did there the King; which the other, according
remain, from that Time, any poflibić to his natural Credulity, thought to be
lity for the King to draw any other Warrant enough to give both the
Troops together in the Field; this King and the Prince that unreaſonable
happend on the 22d of March, 1645. Expectation; the which, and many
In the mean Time, no Ways were other of that great Lord's Negotia-
left untried to draw ſuch a Body of an tions and Tranſactions, the ſucceeding,
Army together, as might enable his and long continuing Misfortunes,
Majeſty to make ſome Attempt upon kept from being ever after examin'd,
the Enemy; and, if he could, by all or conſider'd and reflected upon.
poſſible Endeavours, have drawn out The Prince ſtayed in the Iſle of Sil,
of all his Garriſons left, a Force of ly from Wedneſday the 4th of March,
five thouſand Horſe and Foot (which till Thurſday the 16th of April, the
at that Time ſeein'da Thing not to be Wind having continued fo contrary,
deſpair'd of) he did more deſire to that the Lords Capel and Hopton came
have loſt his Life, in ſome lignal At- not to him from Cornwal till the San
tempt upon any Part of the Enemy's turday before; at which Time likewiſe
Army, than to have enjoy'd any Con arriv'd a Trumpeter from Sir Thomas
4,
Fairfax,
1
428
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Fairfax, with ſuch a Meſſage from Derogatory to Regal Authority, upon
the Parliament to the Prince as might any Confiderations whatſoever, though
well be called a Summons, rather than it were for the ſaving of my Life ;
an Invitation; yet it was well it came which in ſuch a Caſe, I am moſt confi.
not to Pendennis, where it would have dent, is in greateſt Security by your con-
found' a Party among the Prince's stant Reſolution, and not a whit the
Servants. The next Morning being more in Danger for their thrėátning;
Sunday, a Fleet of about twenty ſeven, unleſs thereby you Mould yield to their
or twenty eight Sail of Ships, incom- Deſires. But let their Reſolution be ne-
paſſed the IMand; but within three or ver jo barbarous, the ſaving my Life by
four Hours, by a very notable Tem- . complying with them would make me end
peſt, which continued two Days, they my Days with' Torture, and Diſquiet of
were diſperſed. Upon this, and a Mind, not giving you my Blėſing, and
clear Determination of the Weakneſs curſing all the reſt who are conſenting to
of the Place, if it ſhould be attacked 11. But your Conſtancy will make me
by any conſiderable Strength, together die chearfully, praiſing God for giving
with the extreme Scarcity of Proviſions me to gallant a. Son, and beaping my
in that Inand, which had not been, in Bleſings on you; which you may be con-
the ſix Weeks the Prince ſtay'd there, fident (in ſuch a Caſe) will light on
ſupplied with Viêtual for two Days you. I charge you to keep this Letter
out of Cornwal, neither had there been ſtill Safely you, until you ſhall have
any Returns from France upon the Cauſe to uſe it; and then, and not till
Lord Colepepper's Application to the then, to ſhew it to all your Council; it
Queen, which Returns would every 'being my Command to them, as well as
Day grow more difficult by the Seaſon you whom I pray. God to make as prof-
of the Year, his Highneſs inclin’d to perouſly glorious as any of the Predecef-
remove to. Jerſey; againſt which no- for's ever were of
thing could be objected of Weight,
Your loving Father
but the Conſideration of the King's
Charles R.
being at London (which was ſtrongly
reported ſtill) în a Treaty; and then, After the reading this Letter, and a
that his Highneſs's Remove, eſpecially. Conſideration of the Probability that the
if by Diſtreſs of Weather, he should Rebels would make ſome Attempt upon
be forced into France, might be pre- his Highneſs there, and 'the Impoffi-
judicial to the King; and therefore it bility of reſiſting fuch' an Attempt.in
would be reaſonable, firſt to expect the Condition the Ifland then ſtood,
fome Advertiſement from his Ma- it was by his Highneſs with great Ear-
jeſty in what Condition he was. Here- neftneſs propoſed, and by the whole
upon his Highneſs produced in Coun- Council (except the Earl of Berkķire)
cil this enſuing Letter from the King, unanimouly adviſed, that the Oppor-
which was writ ſhortly after the Battle tunity ſhould then be laid hold on,
of Naſeby, and which he had conceal- whilſt the Rebels Ships were ſcatterd;
¢d till that Morning from all the and that his Highneſs ſhould embark
Lords, and which truly, I think, for Jerſey; which he did accordingly
was the only Secret he had ever kept on Thurſday; and on the next Day,
from the four he had truſted. being the 17th of April, with a prol-
is
perous Wind landed at Jerſey; from
Hereford, the 23d of June, 1645. whence, the ſame Night, they ſent an
Expreſs to the Queen, of the Prince's
Charles,
ſafe-Arrival in that Inand, and like-
Y, late Misfortunes reinember me wile Letters to St. Malces, and Havre de
to cominand you that which I Grăde, to advertiſe the Lord Colepep.
hope you shall never have Occaſion to per of the fame; who receiv'd the In
obey; it is this; if I ſhould' at any formation very ſeaſonably, lying then
Time be taken Priſoner by the Rebels, 'at Havre with two Frigats in Expecta-
I command you (upon my Bleſſing) never tion of a Wind for Silly, and with
to yield to any Conditions, that are dif- Command to the Prince froin the
kencurable, unſafe for your Perſon, or Queen, immediately to remove from
thence,
M"
I
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 419
.
thience. After the Prince had taken fore I nneſi importunately conjure you to
an Account of this Iland, both him- intend this Work, as the principal Ser-
felf, and all their Lordſhips were of vice you can do to the King, Me, or the
Opinion, that it was a Place of the Prince. Colepepper will tell you how
greateſt Security, Benefit, and Con- I bave ſirain’d to afit j'en with preſent
veniency to repoſe in, that could have Proviſions, Shipping, and Money, ne-
been deſired, and with'd fors till up- ceſſary for the Prince's Remove to Jers
on a clear Information, and Obſerva- fey; where, be confident of it, he ſhall
tion of the King's Condition, and the want nothing. Befides, for Satisfaction
State of England, he ſhould find a fit of otbers, I have mov'd the Queen Re-
Opportunity to act; and the Prince gent to give
. Aljurance, that if the
himſelf ſeein'd to have the greateſt A- Prince, in bis Way to Jerſey, mould be
verſion, and Reſolution againſt going neceſitated, by contrary Winds, or the
into France, except in danger of Sur- Daxger of the Parliament Shipping, to
prizal by the Rebels, that could be touch in France, be ſhould have all Frees
imagined. In few Days Mr. Progersdom and Aſiſtance froin bence, in bis
who had been diſpatched before (pre- immediate Paſage thither; which is
fently upon the Lord Colepepper's com- granted will greet Chearfulneſs, and
ing) from Paris to Silly, being hìn. Civility, and will be ſubſcribed under the
dered by contrary Winds till he re. Hands of the French King and Queen,
ceiv'd the News of the Prince's being my Brother, and Cardinal Mazarin :
at Jerſey, came thither, and brought therefore I hope all Scruples are now Ya-
this following Letter from her Maje- tisfied. Colepepper is bafi ning to you
ity to the Chancellor of the Exchequer with good Frigers; but if you ſhall find
in Cypher.
any Danger before their Arrivah, I ſhall
rely upon your. Gare not to bmit any Opa.
Paris, the 5th of April, 1646.
portunity to prevent that Danger, accorda
ing to the Reſolution in Corincil, which
Y Lord Colepepper muft witneſs Colepepper hatb acquainted me with:
for me that I have patiently for which I thank You.
I néod not tell
and at large, heard all that be could you how acceptable this Service will be,
fay concerning the Condition of Silly, to the King, who in every Letter preſſes.
and all that has been propoſed for ren. me to write to you concerning my Son's
dring of the Prince of Wales his Abode Safety; nor that I am, and always will
there ſafe; yet I rnuft confefs to you, bez most conſtantly,
that I am ſo far from being ſatisfied in.
Your aſſured Friend,
that Point, that I ſhall not ſeep in quiet.
Henriette Marie R.
until I Mall hear that the Prince of
Wales ſhall be remov'd from tbence. It The Prince and Council were very,
is confeſſed, it is not ſufficiently fortified, glad at the Receipt of this Letters
and is acceſſible in divers Places; and conceiving that they had now done all
tbe Manning the Works will require a that could be required at their Hands;
thouſand Men more than you have, or, though they were advertiſed at their
for cught I fee, can procure; neither firſt landing there, that there was ítill
can you be confident, that the Loſs of an Expectation of the Prince in France 3.
Cornwal may not fuddenly have a dan- and that he would be ſpeedily impor-
gerous Influence upon that Garriſon'; tund from thence; which they could
moſt of your Soldiers being of that Coun- not believe; but as ſoon as the Lord
try. The Power of the Parliament at Colepepper came, they plainly diſcern'd
Sea is ſo great, tbat you cannot rely up- that Letter had been written upon Ad-
on the reaſonable and" jaje Conveyance of vice to Silly, and upon foreſeeing that.
fuch Proportions of Proviſions, as ſo an immediate Journey into France.
great a Garriſon will require : I need would not have been ſubmitted to
not remember you of what Importance. to and that the Inſtrument mention'd for
the King, and all bis Party, the Safety his Highneſs's Quiet and uninterrupt.
of the Prince's Perfon is; if he ſhould ed Paſſage through France to Jerſey,
fall into the Rebels Hands, the whole was only a Colour, the ſooner to have
would thereby becomie deſperate;. there- invited the Prince to have landed
126
there,
M
5 Q
436
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
H
there, if there had been any
Accidents Highneſs by the Lord Colepepper, who
in his Paſſage ; but that the Reſolution from his being at Paris had changed
was, that he ſhould not then have his former Opinions, and was (though
come to Jerſey, as it was now, that he he expreſs’d it tenderly; finding a
ſhould quickly come from thence s to general Averſion) poſitive for his go-
which Purpoſe, ſhortly after, came ing; wrought fo fat on the Prince,
moſt importunate Letters from the that he diſcover'd an Inclination to
Queen; and it ſeems, howſoever all the Journey: whereupon the Council
the late Letters from the King to the preſented at large to him, the Incon:
Prince before his coming out of Eng- veniences and Dangers that might na-
land, were for his Repair into Den- turally be ſuppoſed would attend ſuch
mark, his Majeſty, upon what Reaſons a Reſolution: They remember'd the
I know not, conceiv'd his Highneſs to Carriage of the French 'ſince the Be-
be in France; for after his coming to ginning of this Rebellion ; how it
Jerſey, this following Letter was ſent had been originally fomented, and áf-
to him, by the Lord Jermyn; in whoſe terwards countenanced by them; and
Cypher it was writ, and decipher'd by that they had never, in the leaſt De-
his Lordſhip.
gree, aſſiſted the King; that there
was no Evidence that, at that Time,
Oxford, the 22d of March. they were more inclined to him than
to the Rebels; that it would be néceſ-
Charles,
fary they ſhould make ſome publịck
OPING that this will find you Declaration on his Majeſty's Behalf,
ſafe with your Mother, I think before the. Heir apparent of the
fit to write this ſhort but neceſſary Let-' Crown ſhould put himſelf into their
ter to you : Then know, that your be- Hands. There was nothing omitted
ing where you are, ſafe from the Power that could be thought of, to render
of the Rebels, is under God, either my that Reſolution at leaſt to be of that
greateſt Security, or my certain Ruin. - Importance that it ought to be through-
For your Conſtancy to Religion, Obedi- ly weigh’d, and conſider’d, before
ence to me, and to the Rules of Honours executed ; and ſo, in the End they
will make theſe infolent Men begin to prevaild with the Prince (ſince at that
bearken to Reaſon, when they ſhall ſee Time it was not known where the
their Injuſtice not like to be crown'd King was) to ſend the Lords Capel and.
with Quiet; but, if you depart from. Colepepper again to the Queen, to pre-
those Grounds for which I have all this ſent the Weightineſs of the Matter to
Time fought, then your leaving this her Majeſty.
Kingdom will be (with too much Pro Within two Days after the two
bability) calld ſufficient Proof for many Lords were gone for Paris, Sir Dudley
of the Slanders heretofore laid upon me : Wyat arrived with the News of the
Wberefore once again, I command, you King's being gone out of Oxford, be-
upon my Bleſſing to be conſtant to your fore the break of Day, only with two
Religión, neither bearkening to Roman Servants, and to what Place uncertain;
Superſtitions, nor the ſeditious, and it was believ'd by the Queen, as the
ſchiſmatical Doctrines of the Preſbyte- ſaid in her Letter to the Prince, that
rians and Independents; for, know that he was gone for Ireland, or to the
a proſecuted Church is not thereby leſs
. Scots; and therefore her Majeſty re-
pure, though leſs fortunate. For all newid her Command for the Prince's
other. Things; I command you to be to- immediate Repair into France; where-
tally direčted by your Mother, and (as as the chief Reaſon before was, that he
ſubordinate to her) by the Remainder of would put himſelf into the - Scots:
that Council which I put to you, at your Hands; and therefore it was neceſſary
parting from hence : So God bleſs you. that his Highneſs ſhould be in France,
Charles R. to go in the Head of thoſe Forces
which ſhould be immediately. ſent out.
This Letter, and the very paſſionate of that Kingdom to alliſt his Majeſty.
Commands from the Queen, together The two Lords found the Queen
with what was privately ſaid to his much troubled, that the Prince him-
felf
3
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
431
t
ſelf came not; ſhe declar'd herſelf, Highneſs had been forced to leave
not to be mov’d, with any Reaſons that England he had rather choſen to have
were, or could be, given for his Stay; made Ireland than Silly. his Retreat;
and that ber Reſolution was poſitive and but, being a wife Man, and having
unalterable : Yet they prevail'd with many Difficulties before him in View,
her, to reſpite any poſitive Declaration, and the Apprehenſion of many Con:
till ſhe might receive full Advertiſe tingencies which might encreaſe thoſe
ment of the King's Condition; who Difficulties; he would not take upon
was by this Time known to be in the him to give Addice in a Point of ſo
Scotiſh Army.
great Importance; but, forthwith,
The Prince, upon his firſt Arrival having a couple of Frigats ready; he
in Silly, fent a Gentleman to Ireland caufed an hundred Men with their
to the Marquis of Ormond, as well that Officers to be preſently put on Board;
he might be punctually inforni’d of according to his Highneſs's Deſire;
the State of that Kingdom, as that he and the Lord Digby (who always con-
might receive from thence a Company cluded, that that was fit to be done
or two of Foot, for the better Guard which his firſt Thoughts ſuggeſted to
of that Inand; which he foreſaw would him, and never doubted the Execu-
be neceſſary, whether he ſhould remain tion of any Thing which he once
there or not. The Gentleman had a thought fit to be attempted) put him-
very quick Paſſage to Dublin, and felf on board thoſe Veſſels; reſolving
came thither very quickly after the that upon the Strength of his own
Peace was agreed upon by the Iriffi Reaſon, he ſhould be able to perſwade
*Roman Catholicks, and found the the Prince; and the Council which at-
Lord Digby there ; who after his En- tended him, forthwith to quit Silly,
terprize, and diſbanding in Scotland; and to repair to Dublin; which, he did
had firſt tranſported himſelf into the not doubt, if brought to paſs in that
Iſle of Man, and from thence into Way; would have been grateful to the
Ireland; where he had been receiv'd, Lord Lieutenant, But by the ſudden'
with great Kindneſs and Genero- Remove of the Prince from Silly, the
fity; by the Marquis of Ormond, as a two Frigats from Dublin miſs'd finding
Man who had been in ſo eminent a him there; and that Lord, whoſe Or:
Poft in the King's Council and Af- der they were obliged to obſerve, made
fairs. He was a Perſon of fo rate a all the Hafte he could to Jerſey; where
Compoſition by Nature and by Art, he found the Prince, with many other
that he was ſo far from being ever dif- of his Friends who attended his High-
may'd upon any Misfortune (and neſs, the two Lords being gone buc
greater Variety of Misfortunes never the Day before to attend the Queen's
befel
any Man) that he quickly recol- he loſt no Tinie in informing his
lected himſelf fo.vigorouſly, that he Highneſs of the happy State and Con-
did really believe his Condition to be dition of Ireland ; that the Peace was
improv'd by that ill Accidents and concluded ; and an Army of twelve
that he had an Opportunity to gain a thouſand Men ready to be tranſported
new Stock of Reputation, and Ho- into England; of the great Zeal and
nour; and ſo he no ſooner heard of Affection the Lord Lieutenant' had for
the Prince's being in the Ine.of Silly, his Service, and that if his Highneſs
and of his Condition, and the Condi- would repair thither, he ſhould find
tion of that place, than he preſently the whole Kingdom devoted to him ;
concluded, that the Prince's Preſence and adviſed him without farther Deli-
in Ireland would ſettle and compofe beration, 'to-put himſelf aboard thoſe
allo
' the Factions there ; reduce the Frigats; which were excellent Sailors,
Kingdom to his Majeſty's Service; and fit for his ſecure Tranſportation.
and oblige the Pope's Nuntio, who The Prince told him, That it was a
was an Enemy to the Peace, to quit Matter of greater Importance; than was
his ambitious Deſigns. The Lord fit to be executed upon to ſhort Deliberas
Lieutenant had ſo good an Opinion of tion; that he was no sooner arrivd at.
the Expedient, that he could have been Jerſey than he receiv'd Letters from the
very well contented, that when his Queen his Mother, requiring him forth-
with
1
432
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
with to come to Paris, where all Things it was no longer ſafe for him to remain
were provided for his Reception; that in their Quarters, and more dangerous
be bad ſent two of the Lords of the Coun to return to London; and therefore, he
cil to the Queen, to excuſe him for not had likewiſe procured a Dutch Ship to
giving ready Obedience to her Commands; land him in France, and was come to
and to aſure her that he was in a Place Paris before the Lords return’d to
of unqueſtionable Security; in which be Jerſey.
might ſafely expet to hear from the King Soon after this, the Prince went
þis Father before he took any other Reſo- from Jerſey into France.; the Earl of
lution : That it would be very incon- Berkſhire left it likewiſe, and went for
gruous now to remove from thence, and England; the Lords Capel, Hopton,
go into Ireland, before his Meſſengers and the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
return from Paris ; in which Time be remain’d together in Jerſey io expect
might reaſonably hope to hear from the the King's Pleaſure, and to attend a
King himſelf, and so wiſh'd him to have Conjuncture to appear again in his Ma-
Patience till the Matter was more ripe jeſty's Service, of all which they found
for a Determination.
an Opportunity to inform his Majeity,
The Lord Capel, and the Lord who very well interpreted all that they
Colepepper, ſtayed at Paris with the had done according to the Sincerity of
Queen full three Weeks; having only their Hearts; yet did believe, that if
prevailed with her to ſuſpend her pre- they had likewiſe waited upon the
fent Commands for the Prince's Re- Prince into France, they might have
move from Jerſey, until ſhe ſhould prevented or diverted thoſe violent
have clear Intelligence where the King Preſſạres, which were afterwards made
was, and how he was treated, though upon him from thence, and gave him
ſhe declared a poſitive Reſolution that more Diſquiet than he ſuffered from
his Highneſs ſhould come to Paris, all the Infolence of his Enemies.
let the Intelligence be what it could In a Word, If the King's Fortune
be; and, in the End, they were well had been farther to be conducted by
aſſured that his Majeſty had put him- any axe Rules of Policy and Diſcretion,
ſelf into the Scotiſh Army as it lay be- and, if the Current towards his De-
fore Newark; and that, as ſoon as he ſtruction had not run with ſuch a Tor-
came thither, he cauſed that Garriſon rent, as carried down all Obſtructions
to deliver the Town into the Hands of of Sobriety and Wiſdom, and made
the Scots; and that thereupon the Scots the Confufion inevitable, it is very
march'd preſently away to Newcaſtle : probable that this ſo ſudden Remove
That they had preſs’d the King to do of the Prince from Jerſey with all the
many Things, which he had abfolute. Circumſtances thereof, might have
ly refuſed to do; and that thereupon been look'd' upon, and cenſured with
they had put very ſtrict Guards upon Severity, as an Action that ſwervid
his Majeſty, and would not permit any from that Prudence, which by the
Man to repair to him, or to ſpeak fundamental Rules of Policy had been
with him ; ſo that his Majeſty look'd long eſtabliſn'd; but by the fatal and
upon himſelf as a Priſoner, and re- prodigious Calamities which follow'd,
folv'd to make another Eſcape from all Counſels of wiſe and unwiſe Men
them as foon as he could. Mr. Alh. proving equally unſucceſsful, the Me-
burnham, who attended upon him in mory of what had paſſed before, grew
his Journey from Oxford as his, fole to be the leſs thought upon and con-
Servant, was forbid to come any more ſider'd.
near him; and if he had not put him Whilſt theſe Things were thus tranſ-
ſelf on board a Veffel then at New- acted in other Parts, the King re-
caſtle, and bound for France, the Scots, main'd yet in the Scotiſh Army; that
would have deliver'd him up to the People behaving themſelves in ſuch a
Parliament. Monſieur Montrévil, the Manner, that moſt Men believ'd they
French Envoy, pretended that they would never have parted with his Ma-
were ſo incenſed againſt him, for jeſty till a full Peace had been made.
briſkly expoftulating with them for The Parliament made many ſharp In-
their ill Treatment of the King, that ſtances, That the King might be deli-
ver's
"
in the Reign of King CH A R'LES I. · 433
ment.
7'27'd into their Hands; and that the Then 'they employed their Alexan-
Scotiſh Army would return into their der Henderſon, and their other Clergy,
own Country, having done what they to perſwade the King to: conſent to
were ſent for, and the War being at an the Extirpation of Epifcopacy in Eng-
End.' To which the Council of Scot- land, as he had in Scotland; and it
land ſeem'd to anſwer with Courage e was, and is ſtill believ'd, that if his
nough, and inſiſted moſt on thoſe Ar- Majeſty would have been induced to
guments of the King's legal Rights, have ſatisfied them in that Particular,
which had been, in all his Majeſty's they would either have had a Party
Declarations, urged againſt the Par- in the Parliament at Weſtminſter to
liament's Proceedings; and which in- have been ſatisfied therewith, or that
deed could never be anſwer'd; and as they would thereupon have declar'd
much condeni'd them, as the Parlia. for the King, and have preſently
joyn'd with the Loyal Party in all
In the mean Time, though the King Places for his Majeity's Defence. But
receiv'd all outward Reſpect, he was the King was too conſcientious to buy
in Truth in the Condition of a Priſo- his Peace at ſo prophane and facrile-
ner; no Servant whom he could truſt gious a Price as was demanded ; and
ſuffer!d to come to him; and though he was ſo much too hard for Mr. Heri.
many Perſons of Quality who had derſon in the Argumentation (as ap-
ſery'd the King in the War, when pears by the Papers that paffed be-
they ſaw the reſolute Anſwers made by iweer them, which were ſhortly after
the Scots, That they neither would nor communicated to the World) that the
.could.compel their King to return to the old Man himſelf was fo far convinced
Parliament, if his Majeſty had no and converted, that he had a very deep
Mind to do ſo, repaired' to Newcaſtle, Senſe of the Miſchief he had himſelf
where his Majeſty was, yet none of been the Author of, or too much con
them werë ſuffer'd to speak to bim; nor tributed to, and lamented it to his
could he receive from,, or ſend any neareſt Friends and Confidents, and
Letter to the Queen or Prince; and died of Grief and Heart-broken, with
yet the Scots obſerv'd all Diſtances, in a very ſhort Time after he departed
and perforn'd all the Ceremonies as from his Majeſty.
could have been expected if they had Whilſt the King itayed at Newcaſtle,
indeed treated him as their King; and Bellievre, the French Ambaſſador,
made as great Profeſſion to him of who was fent from Paris after the
their Duty and good Parpoſes, which Prince arriv'd there, and by whom
they ſaid they would manifeſt as ſoon as the Cardinal had promiſed to preſs the
it ſhould be ſeaſonable ; and then bis Ser- Parliament fo imperiouſly, and to de-
vants, and Friends pould repair to nounce, a War againft them, if they
bim with all Liberty and be well re- réfus'd to yield to what was reáfona-
ceivd: And as they endeavour'd to ble towards an Agreement with the
perſwade the King to expect this from King, came to his Majeſty, after he
them, ſo they prevailed with many had ſpent ſome Time at London in all'
Officers of that Army, and fome of the low Application to the Parliament
the Nobility, to believe that they that can be imagin’d, without any'
meant well, but that it was not yet Mention of the King with any Tender
time to diſcover their Intentions. nefs, as if his Intereſt were at all con-
Thus they prevailed with the King ſider'd by the King his Maſter, and
to ſend his poſitive Orders to the without any Conſultation with thoſe
Marquis of Mountroſe, who had in- of his Majeſty's Party; who were then
deed done Wonders, to lay down his in London, and would have been very
Arms, and to leave the Kingdom; till ready to have adviſed with him. But
when, they pretended they could not he chofe rather to converſé with the
declare for his Majeſty : And this principal Leaders of the Presbyterian
was done with ſo much Earneſtneſs, Party in the Parliament, and with the
and by a particular Meſſenger known Scotiſh Commiſſioners ; from whoſe In-
and truſted, that the Marquis obeyed, formations he took all his Meaſures ; •
and tranſported himſelf into France. and they aſſured him,. That nothing
1.27
5 R
could
.
434
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
could be done for the King, except be Countenance of the French. Ambafita
.would give up the Church; extirpate dor, eaſy. Admiſſion to the King;
Epiſcopacủ; and grant all the Lands who heard hím-patiently all he had to
belonging to Cathedral Churches to ſuch ſay, and anſwer'd him in that Manner
Uſes as the Parliament ſhould adviſe'; ſo that made it evident he was not pleaf-
that, when he came to the King, he ed with their Advice. When he found
preſs'd him very earneſtly to that Con- his Majeſty unſatisfied, and that he
deſcention.
was not like to conſent to what was fo
Bur, beſides the Matter propoſed, 'earneſtly deſired by them by .whore
in which his Majeſty was unmoveable, · Advice he was fent, who undervalued
he had no Eſteem of any Thing the - all thoſe Scruples of Conſcience which
Ambaſſador faid to him, having too his Majeſty himſelf was ſtrongly por-
late diſcover'd the little Affection the ſeſs'd with, he took upon himſelf the
Cardinal had for him, and which he Confidence to offer ſome Reaſons to
had too much relied upon. For, by his the King to 'induce him to yield to
Advice, and upon his Undertaking and what was propos’d; and, among o-
Afſurance that his Majeſty ſhould be ther Things, faid, It was the Advice
well receiv'd in the Scotiſh Army, and and Opinion of all his Friends ; his
.that they would be firm to his Intereſt, Majeſty aſking, What Friends ? and
his Majeſty had ventur'd to put himſelf he anſwering, That it was the opinion
into their Hands; and he was no of the Lord Jermyn; the King ſaid,
-ſooner there, than all they with whom That the Lord Jermyn did not under-
Montrevil had treated, diſavowed their ſtand any Thing of the Church. The
Undertaking what the King had been other faid, The Lord Colepepper was
inform'd of; and though the Envoy of the Same Mind. · The King ſaid,
did avow.and juſtify, what he had in- Colepepper bad no Religion : And
form'd the King, to the Faces of the aſked, Whether the Chancellor of the
Perſons, who had given their Engage- Exchequer was of that Mind? to which
ments, the Cardinal choſe rather to he anſwered,. He did not know .; for
recall, and diſcountenance the Mini- that he was not there, and had deferted
fter of thạc. Crown, than to enter into the Prince : And thereupon, ſaid
any Expoftulation with the Parlia- ſomewhat from the Queen of the Diri
ment, or the Scots.
pleaſure The had conceiv'd againſt the
The Ambaſſador, by an Expreſs, Chancellor : To which che King
quickly inform’d the Cardinal, that faid, The Chancellor was an honeſt
the King was too reſervd in giving Man, and would never deferi.bim, nor.
the Parliament Satisfaction; and there- the Prince, nor the Church's and that
fore wiſhed,. That ſome Body might be he was forry he was not with his Son ;
fent over, who was like to bave ſo much but that bis Wife was miſtaken :
D'aa
Credit with his Majeſty. as to perſwade venant then offering ſome Reaſons of
him to what was neceſſary fer bis Ser- his own, in which he mention'd
vice. Upon which, the Queen, who the Church flightingly, as if it were
was never adviſed by thoſe who either not of Importance. enough to weigh
underſtood, or valued his true Intereſt, down the Benefit that would attend
conſulted with thoſe about her ;; and the Conceſſion, his Majeſty was tranf-
ſent Sir William D'avenant, an honeſt ported with ſo much Indignation, that
Man, and a witty, but in all Reſpects he gave him a ſharper Reprehenſion
inferior to ſuch a Truſt, with a Letter than was uſual for him to give to any
of Credit to the King (who knew the other Man ; and forbid him to pre-
Perſon well enough under another ſume to come again into his Preſence.
Character than was like to give him Whereupon the poor Man, who had
mnch Credit in the Argument in in truth very good Affections, was ex-
which he was intruſted) altho» herceedingly dejected and afflicted ; and
Majeſty had likewiſe other Ways de- return’d into France, to give an Ac-
clared her Opinion to his Majeſty, count of his ill Succeſs to thoſe who
Tbat be should part with the Church for ſent him.
bis Peace and Security.
As all Men's Expectations from the
Sir William D'avenant had, by the Courage and Activity of the French
Am.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 435
1
·Ambaffador in England, were thus Office of Mediation, they had per-
fruſtrated, by his meabrand low Car- form'd their Function; and that they
riage both towards the Parliament and would no more preſume to take upon
at Newcaſtle, ſo all the Profeſſions them to judge between the Parliament
which had been made of Reſpect and and the Scots, than they had done be-
Tenderneſs towards the Prince of tween the King and the Parliament;
Wales, when his Perſon ſhould once and that ſince the Prince had come to
appear in France, were as unworthily the Queen his Mother, from which
dilappointed. «The Prince had been they could not reaſonably reſtrain
above two Months with the Queen his him, it ſhould not be attended with a-
Mother, before
any
Notice was taken ny Prejudice to the Peace of England;
of his being in France, by the leaſt. nor ſhould he there find any Means,
Meſſage ſent from the Court to con or Affiſtance, to diſturb it. And it
gratulate his Arrival there ; but that was believ'd by thoſe who ſtood at no
Time was ſpent in debating the For- great Diſtance from Affairs, that the
malities of his Reception ; how the Cardinal then laid the Foundation for
King ſhould treat him; and how he that Friendſhip which was ſhortly af
ſhould behave himſelf towards the ter built up between him and Cromwell
,
King; whether he ſhould take Place by promiſing, That they. Mould receive
of Monſieur the King's Brothers and leſs Inconvenience by the Prince's re-
what kind of Ceremonies ſhould be maining in France, than if he were in
obſerved between the Prince of Wales any other part of Europe. And it can
and his Uncle the Duke of Orléans ; hardly be believ'd with how little Rés
and many other ſuch Particulars ; in ſpect they treated him during the
all which they were reſolvid to give whole Time of his Stay there. They
the Law themſelves; and which had were very careful that he might not be
been fitter to have been adjuſted in look'd upon as fupported by them,
Jerſey, before he put himſelf into their either according to his Dignity, or
Power, than diſputed afterwards in for the Maintenance of his Family';
the Court of France; from whence but a mean. Addition to the Penſion
there could be no Appeal.
which the Queen had before, was
There can be no doubt but that the made to her Majeſty, without any
Cardinal, who was the ſole Miniſter of Mention of the Prince her Son; who
State, and directed all that was to be was wholly to depend upon her Boun-
done, and dictated all that was to be ty, without Power toʻgratify and on
faid, did think the Preſence of the blige any of his own Servants; that
Prince there of the higheſt Importance they likewiſe might depend only upon
to their Affairs ; and did all that was the Queen's Goodneſs and Favour,
in his Power, to perſwade the Queen and ſo behave themfelves accordingly.
that it was as neceffary for the Affairs When the Scots had ſecured the
of the King her Huſband, and of her Peace and Quiet of their own Country,
Majeſty : But now that Work was by diſbanding the Forces under the
over, and the Perſon of the Prince Marquis of Mountrofe, and by his
brought into their Power, without the tranſporting himſelf beyond the Seas,
leaſt publick Act or Ceremony to in- and by putting to Death ſeveral Per-
vite him thither, it was no leſs his ſons of Name who had follow'd the
Care that the Parliament in EnglandMarquis, and had been taken Priſo-
and the Officers of the Army, whom ners, among whom Sir Robert Spotf-
he fear'd more than the Parliament, wood was one, a worthy honeſt loyal
ſhould believe that the Prince came Gentleman, and as wife'a Man as that
thither without their Wiſh, and in Nation had at that Time (whom the
truth againſt their Will; that the King had made Secretary of State of
Crown of France could not refufe to that Kingdom, in: the Place of the
interpoſe, and mediate, to make up Earl of Lanrick, who was then in
the Difference between the Parliament Arms againſt him; which, ic may be,
and the Scotiſh Nation, and that the was a principal Cauſe that the other
Kingdoms might be reſtored to Peace ; was put to Death.) And when they
but that when they had perform'd that had with ſuch.Solemnity and Reſolu-
I
tion
436 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
tion made it plain and evident, that they were to do. Then they' adviſed
they could not without the moſt bare- the King, and prevailed with hiin;
.fac'd Violation of their Faith and Al to ſend Orders to the Governor of
legiance, and of the fundamental Prin- Oxford to make Conditions, and to
ciple of Chriſtian Religion, ever deli- ſurrender that Place (where his Son
ver up their Native King, who had the Duke of York was, and all the
put himſelf into their Hands, into the Council) into the Hands of Fairfax,
Hands .the of Parliament, againſt his who with his Army then beſieged
own Will and Conſent: And when the them; and likewiſe to publih a gene-
Earl of Louden had publickly declar'd ral Order, That«ail Governers of any.
to the two Houſes of Parliament in a Garriſons for his Majeſty, Mould immes
Conference, That an eternal Infamy diately deliver them up to the Parlia-
.wauld lie upon them, and the whole Na- ment upon fair. and honourable Condi-
tion, if they ſeould deliver the Perſon of tions, fince bis Majeſty reſolu'd in all
the King ; the ſecuring of which was Things to be adviſed by bis Parliament;
equally their Duty, as it was the Par- and till this was done, they ſaid;. they
liament's, and the Diſpoſal of bis Per could not declare themſelves in that
fon in order to that Security, did equally Manner for his Majeſty's Service and
belong to them as to the Parliament; Intereſt, as they reſolv'd to do ; for that
however, they ſaid, they would uſe all they were, by their Treaty and Confe-
the Perfwaſion, and all the Importunity deracy, to ſerve the Parliament in ſuch
they could with the King that bis. Ma- a Manner as they ſhould direkt, untill
jeſty might yield, and conſent to the the War hould be ended; but, ihat
Propoſitions the Parliament had ſent to done, they had no more Obligations to
him.
the Parliament; and that, when bis
The Parliament had, upon the firſt Majeſty had no more Forces on Foot,
Notice of the King's being arriv'd in nor: Garriſons which held out for bim,
the Scotiſh Army, fent a poſitive Com- it could not be denied but that the War
mand, to the Committee of both was at an End; and then they could
Kingdoms reſiding in the Scotiſh Army, Speak and expoftulate with. Freedom. By
that the Perſon of the King ſhould be which Arts, they prevailed with the
forthwith ſent to Warwick-Caſtle : but King to ſend, and publiſh Orders as
the Scots, who apprehended they aforeſaid; and which indeed, as the
could not be long without ſuch an Or- Cafe then ſtood, he could have rea
der, had, within two Days after his ceiv'd little Benefit by noć publiſhing.
Majeſty's coming to them, and after The Parliament was contented, as
he had cauſed Newark to be deliver'd the more expedite Way (though they
up, with wonderful Expedition march- were much offended at the Preſump-
ed towards Newcaſtle ; and were ar tion of the Scots in neglecting to ſend
riv'd there before they receiv'd that the King .to Warwick) to ſend their
Order for ſending his Majeſty to War- Propoſitions to the King (which they
wick; which Proceeding of theirş, knew his Majeſty would never grant)
pleaſed his Majeſty very well, among by Commiſſioners of both Houles,
many other Things which diſpleaſed who had no other Authority or Power,
him; and perſwaded him, that though than to demand a poſitive Anſwer from
they would obſerve their own Method, the King in ten Days, and then to re-
they would, in the End, do fome- turn. Theſe Propoſitions were deli-
what for his Service.
ner'd about the End of July ; and
Upon the receiving that Order, contain'd ſuch an Eradication of the
they renew'd their Profeſſions to the Government of the Church and State,
Parliament of obſerving punctually all that the King told them, He knew not
that had been agreed between them; what Anſwer to make to them, till be
and beſought then, That ſince they had should be inform’d what Power or Al-
promiſed the King before be left Oxford, thority they had left to him, and bis
to ſend Propoſitions to him, they would Heirs, when he bad given all that to
now do it; and ſaid, that if he refuſed them which they defired. He deſir’d,
to comply with them, to which they · That he might be remov'd to ſome of bis
mould perſwade bin, they knew what own Houſes, and that be inight refide
ibere,
I
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 437
1
neral Affembly of the Kirk, which them, and agree what . Price they
there, till, upon a Perſonal Treaty with ſhould refuſe to give Satisfaciion to his
bis Parliament, ſuch an Agreement Parliament, be might not be permitted
might be eſtabliſhed, as the Kingdom to come into Scotland. This kind of
might enjoy
. Peace and Happineſs under Argumentation did niore provoke than
it; which, he was ſure, it could never perſwade the King; he told them;
de by the Conceſions they propoſed. with great Reſolution, and Magna-
The Scots who were enough.con- nimity, That no Candition they could
vinced that his Majeſty would never reduce him to, could be balf
fo miferable;
be wrought upon to ſacrifice the and grievous to bim; es that which they
Church to their Lufts and Impiety, would perſwade him to reduce himſelf
were as good as their Words to the to; and therefore bid them proceed their
Parliament, and uſed all the rude Im-
own Way; and that though they had all
portunity and Threats to his Majeſty, forſaken him, God bad not.
to perſwade him freely to conſent to The Parliament had now receiv'd
all: Though they confeffed, That the Anſwer they expected ; and,
the Propoſitions were higher in mani forthwith, : requir’d the Scots to quit
Things than they approved of, yet they the Kingdom, and to deliver the Perſon
Saw no other Means' for bim to cloſe of the King to such Perfons as they ſhould
with bis Parliament, than by granting appoint to receive bim; who ſhould at-
what they required..
tend upon his Majeſty
. from Newcaſtle
The Chancellor of Scotland told to Holmby, a Houſe of his at a ſmall:
him, That the Conſequence of bis Ana Diſtance from Northampton, a Town
ſwer to the Propoſitions, was às great, and Country of very eminent Difaffec-
as the Ruin, or Preſervation of bisition to the King throughout the War;
Crown or Kingdoms That the Pars and declar'd, That bis Majeſty should
liament, after many bloody Battles; be treated, with reſpect to the Safety
bad got the strong Holds and Forts of and Preſervation of his Perfon, accord-
the Kingdom into their Hands : That ing to the Covenant :
And that after
they bad bis Revenué, Exciſe, Afes his coming to Holmby, be ſhould be at-
ments, Sequeſtrations, and Power to tended by ſuch as they hould appoint;
raiſe all the Men and Money of the and that when the Scots were removed
Kingảom : That they had gain'à Vice' out of England, the Parliament would.
tory over all, and that they had a ſtrong joyn with tbeir Brethren i of Scotland
Army to maintain it; ſo that they might again to perſwade the King to paſs the
do what they would with Church and Propoſitions, which if be refuſed to do;
State: That they deſired neither bim, the Houſe would do nothing that might
nor any of his Race, longer to reign break the Union of the two Kingdoms,
over themand had fent theſe Propofi-
. but would - eridéavour to preſerve the
tions to his Majeſty, without the grant. fáme.
ing whereof, the Kingdom and bis Peoa The Scots how begun again to talk
ple could not be in Safety. That if be ſturdily, and deny d, That thë Par-
refuſed to aſſent, kje would lose all his liament' of England' bad Power abſo-
Friends in: Pärliament, loſe the City, lutely to diſpoſe of the Perſon of the King,
and loſe the Country; and that all Eng. without their Approbation and the
land would joyn against him as one Man Parliament as loudly reply'd, That.
to proceſs, and depoſe bim, and to ſet up they had noihing to do in England;
another Government; and ſo, that both büt to obſerve their Orders; and added
Kingdoms, for either's Safety, 'would a-' fuch Threats to their Reaſons, as
gree to ſettle Religion and Peace without might let them fee: they had a great
bim, to the Ruin of bis Majefty, and Contempt of their : Power , and;
bis Posterity : And concluded, that if would exact Obedience from them, if
be left England, he would not be ad- they refuſed to yield it. " But theſe
mitted to come and Reign in Scotland. Diſcourſes were only kept up till they
And it was very tſue that the Ge- could adjuſt all Accounts between
was then ſitting in Scotland, had peți- ſhould pay for the Delivery of his Pera
tion'd the Conſervators of the Peace fon, whom one side was reſolv'd to
of the Kingdom, That if the King have, and the other as reſolv'd not to
128
keep;
i
t
.
f
5 S
.
438
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
keep; and ſo they agreed; and, upon Commander. In this Manner, and
the Payment of Two hundred thouſand with this Attendance, his Majeſty was
Pounds in hand, and upon Security for brought to Holmby in Northampton-
as much more upon Days agreed upon, Shire; a Place he had taken much De-
the Scots deliver'd the King up into light in: And there he was to ſtay
ſuch Hands as the Parliament appoint- till the Parliament and the Army (for,
ed to receive him.
the Army now took upon them to
In this infamous Manner, that ex have a Share, and to give their Opi-
cellent Prince was, in the End of Ja. nion in the Settlement that ſhould be
nuary, given up, by his Scotiſh Sub- made) ſhould determine what ſhould
jects, to thoſe of his Engliſh who were. be farther done.
intruſted by the ſtarliament to receive In the mean Time, the Commit.
him; which had appointed a Com- tee paid all Reſpects to his Majeſty ;
mittee of Lords and Commons, to go and he enjoy'd thoſe Exerciſes he moſt
to the Place agreed upon, with a Party delighted in; and ſeem'd to have all
of Horſe and Foot of the Army, Liberty, but to confer with Perſons
which were ſubject to the Orders of he moſt deſir'd, and to have ſuch Ser-
that Committee, and the Committee vants about him as he could truſt.
itſelf to go to Newcaſtle to receive that That which moſt diſpleaſed him, was;
Town as well as the King; where, that they would not permit him to
and to whom, his Majeſty was deli- have his own Chaplains; but order'd
ver'd.
Preſbyterian Miniſters to attend for
They receiv'd him with the ſame Divine Service;. and his Majeſty, ut-
Formality of Reſpect as he had been terly refuſing to be preſent at their De-
treated with by the Scots, and with votions," was compellid at thoſe Hours
the ſame Strictneſs reſtrain'd all Re- to be his own Chaplain in his Bed-
ſort of thoſe to his Majeſty, who were Chamber; where he conſtantly uſed the
of doubtful Affections to them, and Common Prayer by himſelf.' His Ma-
their Cauſe. Servants were particu- jeſty bore this Conſtraint ſo heavily,
larly appointed and named by the that he writ a Letter to the Houſe of
Parliament, to attend upon his Perſon, Peers, in which he incloſed a Liit of
and Service, in all Relations; amongſt the Names of thirteen of his Chaplains ;
which, in the firſt place, they pre- any two of which he deſir'd might
ferr'd thoſe who had faithfully adhered have the Liberty to attend him for his
to them againſt their Maſter; and, Devotion.
To which, after many
where ſuch were wanting, they found Days Conſideration, they return'd this
others who had manifeſted their Af- Anſwer; That all thoſe Chaplains were
fection to them. And, in this Diſtri- diſaffeeted to the eſtabliſh'd Government
bution, the Preſbyterian Party in the of the Church, and had not taken the
Houſes did what they pleaſed, and Covenant; but that there were others
were thought to govern all. The In- who had, who,. if his Majeſty pleaſed,
dependents craftily letting them enjoy jould be ſent to him. After this An-
that Confidence of their Power and ſwer, his Majeſty thought it to no
Intereſt, till they had diſmiſs?d their Purpoſe to importune them farther in
Friends, the Scots, out of the King. that Particular; but, 'next the hav-
dom; and permitting them to put ing his own Chaplains, he would have.
Men of their Principles about the Per- been pleas'd to have been without any;
ſon of the King, and to chooſe ſuch a they who were ſent by them, being
Guard as they could confide in, to at- Men of mean Parts, and of moſt im-
tend his Majeſty
pertinent and troubleſome Conadence
Of the Committee employ'd to go- and Importunity.
vern and direct all, Major General Whilſt thoſe Diſputes continued be-
Brown was one, who had a great tween the Parliament and the Scots
Name and Intereſt in the City, and concerning the King's Perſon, the
with all the Preſbyterian Party, and Army proceeded with great Succeſs
had done great Service to the Parlia- in reducing thoſe Garriſons which
ment in the War under the Earl of ſtill continued, in his Majeſty's Obe-
Eſex, and was a diligent and ſtout dience; whereof though ſome ſurren-
der'd
;
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
439
12
der'd more eaſily and with leſs Refift., after his Return, made a Baron, Lord
ance than they might have made, fa- Arundel of Trerice, in Memory of his
tisfying themſelves with the King's Father's Service, and his own eminent
general Order, that there was no rea- Behaviour throughout the War) main-.
ſonable Expectation of Relief, and tain'd, and defended the ſame to the
'therefore that it would not be amiſs, laft Extremity:
by an early Submiffion, to obtain bet From the Time that the King was
ter Conditions for themſelves; yet o- brought to Holmby, and whilſt he
thers defended themſelves with nota- ſtay'd there, he was afflicted with the
ble Obſtinacy to the laſt, and to the ſame Preſſures concerning the Church;
great Damage of the Enemy, and to
which had diſquieted him at Newca-
the detaining the Army from uniting fle; the Parliament not remitting any
together; without which they could of their Infolencies in their Demands':
not purſue the great Deſigns they had. All which was imputed to the Preſby-
And this was one of the Reaſons that terians; who were thought to exerciſe
made the Treaty with the Scots depend the whole Power, and begun to give
ſo long, and that the Preſbyterians Orders for the leffening their great
continued their Authority and Credit Charge by diſbanding ſome Troops of
ſo long; and we may obſerve again, their Army, and ſending others for
that thoſe Garriſons which were main- Ireland; which they made no doubt
tain'd and defended with the greateſt ſpeedily to reduce; and declar’d, That
Courage and Virtue, in the End, .ob- they would then diſband all Armies,
tain'd as good and honourable Condi- that the Kingdom might be govern'd
tions, as any of thoſe who ſurrender'd by the known Laws.
upon the firſt Summons.
This Temper in the Houſes raiſed
This was the Caſe of Ragland and another Spirit in the Army; which
Pendennis Caſtles; which endured the did neither like the Preſbyterian Go-
longeſt Sieges, and held out the long. 'vernment that they ſaw ready to be
eft of any Forts or Caſtles in England; ſettled in the Church, nor that the
being bravely defended by two Perſons Parliament ſhould ſo abſolutely diſpoſe
of very great Age; but were at length of them, by whom they had gotten
deliver'd up within a Day or two of Power to do all they had done, and
each other. Ragland' was maintain'd. Cromwell, who had the ſole Influence
with extraordinary Reſolution and Cou- upon the Army, under-hand made
rage, by the old Marquis of Worceſter them petition the Houſes againſt any
againſt Fairfax himſelf, till it was re- Thing that was done contrary to his
duced to the utmoſt Neceſſity. Pen- Opinion. He himſelf, and his Offi,
dennis refuſed all Summons; admitting cers, took upon them to preach and
no Treaty, till all their Proviſions pray publickly to their Troops; and
were ſo far conſumed, that they had admitted few or no Chaplains in the
nor Victual enough for four and twen- Army, but ſuch as bitterly'inveighed
ty Hours; and then they treated, and against the Preſbyterian Government,
carried themſelves in the Treaty with as more tyrannical than Epiſcopacy ;
ſuch Reſolution, and Unconcerned- and the Common Soldiers as well as
efs, that the Enemy concluded they Officers, did not only pray and preach
were in no Streights; and ſo gave among themſelves, but went up into
them the Conditions they proposºd; the Pulpits in all Churches, and
which were as good as any Garriſon in preached to the People; who quickly
England had accepted. This Caſtle became inſpired with the fame Spirit';
was defended by the Governor thereof, Women as well as Men taking upon
John Arundel of Trerice in Cornwal, them to pray and preach ; which
an old Gentleman of near fourſcore made as great a Noiſe and Confuſion
Years of Age, and of one of the beſt in all Opinions concerning Religion,
Eſtates and Intereſt in that County; as there was in the Civil Government
who, with the Aſiſtance of his Son of the State ; ſcarce any Man being
Richard Arundel (who was then a Co- fuffer'd to be called in Queſtion for
lonel in the Army; a ſtout and dili- delivering any Opinion in Religion,
gent Officer ; and was by the King, by ſpeaking or writing, how pro-
phane
2
440
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
phane, Heretical and Blaſphemous fo- Kingdom (as they called it) the Army
ever it was ; Which they ſaid, was to erected a kind of Parliament among
reſtrain the Spirit.
themſelves. They had, from the
Liberty of Conſcience was now the Time of the Defeat of the King's Ara
common. Argument and Quarrel, my, and when they had no more E.
whilſt the Preſbyterian Party proceeded nemy to contend with in the Field,
with equal Bitterneſs againſt the ſeve: and after they had purged their Army
ral Sects as Enemies to all Godlineſs, of all thoſe inconvenient Officers, of
as they had done, and ſtill continued whoſe entire Submiſſion and Obedi.
to do, againſt the Prelatical Party; ence to all their Dictates, they had
and finding themſelves ſuperior in the not Confidence, ſet aſide, in effect,
two Houſes, little doubted, by their their Self-denying Ordinance, and gor
Authority and Power there, to be able their principal Officers of the Army,
to reform the Army, and to new mo- and others of their Friends, whoſe
del it again; which they would, no Principles they well knew, to be electa
doubt, have attempted, if it had not ed Members of the Houfe of Com-
pleafed God to have taken away the mons in their Places who were dead,
Earl of Eſſex .ſome Months before or who had been compelld by them
this; who died without being ſenſible for adhering to the King. By this
of Sickneſs, in a Time when he might means, Fairfax himſelf, Ireton, Har-
have been able to have undone much rifon, and many others of the Inde-
of the Miſchief he had formerly pendents, Officers, and Gentlemen,
wrought; to which he had great In- of the ſeveral Counties, who were
clinations; and had Indignation en transported with new Fancies in Re-
nough for the Indignițies himſelf had ligion, and were called by a new
receiv'd from the ungrateful Parlia- Name, Fanaticks, fate in the Houſe
ment, and wonderful Apprehenſion, of .Commons . notwithſtanding all
and Deteſtation of the Ruin he faw, which, the Preſbyterians ſtill carried
like to befal the King, and the King. it.
dom. And it is very probable, cond But about this Time, that they
dering the preſent Temper of the City might be upon a nearer Level with
at that Time, and of the two Houſes, the Parliament, the Army. made
he might, if he had livºd, have given Choice of a Number of ſuch Officers
ſome Check to the Rage and Fury as they liked; which they called the
that then prevail'd. But God would. General's Council of Officers; who
not ſuffer a Man, who, out of the were to reſemble, the Houſe of Peers;
Pride and Vanity of his Nature, rather and the Common Soldiers made Choice
than the Wickedneſs of his Heart, of three or four of each Regiment,
had been made an Inſtrument of ſo moſt Corporals or Serjeants, few or
much Miſchief, to have any Share in none above the Degree of an Enſign,
fo glorious & Work : Though his who were called Agitators, and were
Conſtitution, and Temper, might to be as a Houſe of Commons to the
very well inclinę him to the Lethar- Council of Officers. Theſe two Re-
gick Indiſpoſition of which he died; preſentatives met feverálly, and confi-
yet it was loudly ſaid by many of his' derd of all the Acts and Orders made
Friends, That he was poiſon d. : by the Parliament towards ſettling the
Sure it is that Cromwell and his Kingdom, and towards reforming, di-
Party (for he was now declar'd Head' viding or diſbanding the Army: And,
of the Army, though Fairfax conti- upon mutual Meffages and Conferen-
nued General in Name) were wonder- ces between each other, they reſolvid.
fully exalted with his Death; he being in the firſt Place, and declar'd, That
the only Perſon whofe Credit and In-, they would not be divided or diſanded, :
tereſt they fear'd, without any Eſteem before their full :Arrears were paid,
of his Perſon.
and before full Proviſion was made for
And now, that they might more Liberty of Conſcience ;' which, ibey
ſubſtantially enter into Diſpute, and ſaid, was the Ground of the Quarrel,
Competition with the Parliament, and and for which fo many of their Friends
go a Share with them in fettling. the Lives had beeri loft, so mäch of their
own
4
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
441
2
own Blood had been ſpilt; and that bi- with that rare Difimulation (in which
therlo there was ſo little Security pro- ſure he was a very great Maſter) that
vided in that Point, that there was a he ſeem'd exceedingly incenſed againſt
greater Perfecution now againſt religious this Inſolence of the Soldiers; was ſtill
and godly Men, than ever had been in in the Houſe of Commons when any
the King's Government, when the Bi- ſuch Addreſſes were made; and in-
foops were their Fudges.
veighed bitterly againſt the Preſump-
This Manner of Proceeding by the tion, and had been the Cauſe of the
Soldiers, but eſpecially the General Commitment of ſome of the Officers.
ſeeming to be of their Mind, troubled He propoſed; That the General might
the Parliament; yet they reſoly'd not be ſent down to the Army; who, he
to ſuffer their Counſels to be cenſured, ſaid, IVould conjure down this mutinous
or their Actions controuled; by thoſe Spirit quickly: and he was fo eaſily
who were retained by them, and who believ'd, that he himſelf was ſent once
liv'd
upon
their
pay.
And therefore; or twice to compoſe the Army; where
after many high Expreſſions againſt after he had ſtay'd two or three Days,
the Preſumption of ſeveral Officers and he would again return to the Houſe,
Soldiers, they declar'd, That whoſoe- and complain heavily of the great Li-
ver should refuſe, being commanded, to cenſe that was got into the Army; that,
engage himſelf in the Service of Ireland, for his own Pårt, by the Artifice of his
ſhould be diſanded. The Army was Enemies, and of thoſe who deſired that the
reſolv'd not to be ſubdued in their firſt · Nation ſhould be again imbrew'd in
ſo declared Reſolution, and fell into a Blood, he was rendered ſo odious unto
direct and high Mụtiny, and call'd them, that they had a Purpoſe to kill
for the Arrears of Pay due to them; him, if, upon some diſcovery made to
which they knew where and how to bim, he had not eſcaped out of their
levy for themſelves ; nor could they Hands. And in theſe, and the like
be in any Degree appeas'd, till the - Diſcourſes, when he fpake of the Na-
Declaration that the Parliament had tion's being to be involv'd in new
made againſt them, was raſed out of Troubles, he would weep bitterly,
the Journal Book of both Houſes, and and appear the moſt amicted Man in
a Months Pay ſent to him ; nor were the World with the Senſe of the Cala-
they ſatisfied with all this, buť talked mities which were like to enſue. But,
very loud, That they knew how to make as many of the wiſer Sore had long
theniſelves as conſidérable as the Parlia- diſcover'd his wicked Intentions, ſo
ment, and where to have their Service his Hypocrify could not longer be con-
better valued, and rewarded; which ſo ceal'd. The moſt active Officers and
frighted thoſe at Weſtminſter, that they Agitators were known to be his own
appointed a Committee of Lords and Creatures, and ſuch who neither did,
Conimons, whereof ſome were very nor would do, any Thing but by his
acceptable to the Army, to go to Direction. So that it was privately re-
them, and to treat with a Committee ſolv'd by the principal Perſons of the
choſen of the Officers of the Army, Houſe of Commons, that when he
upon the beſt: Expedients that might came the next Day into the Houſe,
be applied to the compoſing theſe which he feldom omitted to do, they
: Diſtempers. Now the Army thought would ſend him to the Tower ; pre-
. itſelf upon a. Level with the: Parlia- ſuming, that if they had once ſever'd
ment, 'when they had a Committee of his Perſon from the Army, they ſhould
the one, authoriſed to treat with a eaſily reduce it to its former Temper
Committee of the other ; : which like- and Obedience. For they had not ihe
wiſe raiſed the Spirits of Fairfax, who leaſt: Jealouſy of the General. Fairfax,
had never thought of oppoſing or dif- whom they knew.to be a perfect Preſ-
obeying the Parliament, and diſpoſed byterian in his Judgment; and that
him to more Concurrence with the Cromwell had the aſcendent over him
impetuous Humour of the Army, purely by his Dillimulation, and Pre-
when he faw.it was ſo much complyed: tence of Conſcience and Sincerity.
with and ſubmitted to by all Men. There is no doubt Fairfax, did not
Cromwell, hitherto, carried himſelf then, nor long after,. believe, that the
129
other
5 T
.
442 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
111ent.
cther had thoſe wicked. Deſigns in his': three Years before ſerv'd in a very in-
Heart againſt the King, or the leaſt - ferior Employment in Mr. Hollis's
Imagination of diſobeying the Parlia- Houſe, came with a Squadron of
fifty Horſe to Holmby, where the King
This Purpoſe of ſeizing the Perſon was, about the break of Diy; and
of Cromwell, could not be carried ſo without any Interruption by'the Guard
- ſecretly, but that he had notice of it; of Horſe or Foot which waited there,
and the very next Morning after he came with two or three more, and
ſo much lamented his deſperate Mis- knock'd at the King's Chamber-Door,
forcune in having loſt all Reputation and ſaid, He muſt preſently speak wiib
and Credit, and Authority in the Ar- the King. His Majeſty, ſurprized
my, and that his Life would be in . with the Manner of it, roſe out of his
danger if he were with it, when the Bed; and, half dreſs’d, cauſed the
Houle expected every Minute his Pre- Door to be open'd, which he knew
fence, they were inform’d that he was . otherwiſe would be quickly broken
met out of the Town by break of Day, open; they who waited in the Chain-
with one Servant only, on the Way to. ber being Perſons of whom he had
the Army; where he had appointed a - little Knowledge, and leſs Confidence.
Rendezvous of ſome Regiments of the As ſoon as the Door was open’d,
Horſe, and whence he writ a Letter Foyce, and two or three niore, came
to the Houſe of Commons, That hav- into the Chamber, with their Hats off,
ing the Night before receiv'd a Letter and Piſtols in their Hands. Joyce told
from fome Officers of his own Regiment, the King, That he muſt go with him.
that. The Jealouſy the Troops bad con- His Majeſty aſked, Whither? he an-
ceiv’d of bim, cmd of his .Want. of : ſwer'd, To the Army. -The King alk-
Kindneſs towards them, was much e ed him, where the Ariny was ? Joyce
bated, so that they believ’d, if he would ſaid, They would carry him to the Place
be quickly preſent with them, they would' where it was. His Majeſty aſked, By
in a short Time by his Advice be re- . w?a; Authority they came ? Joyce an-
clainid; upon this be made all the Hafte ſwer'd, By this ; and ſhew'd him his
be could; and did find that the Soldiers Piſtol ; and deſir'd his Majeſty, That.
- bad been abuſed - by Miſinformation ; be would cauſe birrſelf to be dreſs?d,
and that he hoped to diſcover the Foun. becauſe it was nécesſary they fợuld make
tain from whence it ſprung; and in the Hafté.
mean Time deſired that the General, and None of the other Soldiers ſpoke a
the other Oficers in the Houſe; and ſuch · Word; and Yoyce, ſaving the Blunt-
as remain'd about the Town, might be · nefs and Poſitiveneſs of the few Words
preſently ſent to their :-Quarlers; and he ſpoke, behaved himſelf not rudely.
that be believ'd it would be very necef- The King faid, He could not ſtir before
Sary in crder to the Suppreffon, of the late be ſpoke with the Committee to whoin be
Diſtempers, · end for the: Prevention of had been deliver?d, and who were truſted
the like for the Time to come, that there by the Parliament ; and to appointed
might be a generalRendezvous of the one of thoſe, who waited upon him to call
Army; of which the General would beſt them. The Committee had been as
conſider, when he came down, which : much ſurprized with the Noiſe as the
be wiſhed might be baften'd. It was King had been, and quickly came to
now to no Purpoſe to diſcover what - his Chamber, and aſked Joyce, Whe-
they had formerly intended, or that ther be had any Orders from the Per-
they had any Jealouſy of a Perſon who liament? he ſaid, No. From the Gene-
was out of their Reach; and ſo they ral?. No. What Authority he came by?
cxpected a better Conjuncture; and in to which he made no other Anſwer
few Days after, the General and the than he had made to the King, and
other Officers left the Town, and held up bis Piſtol. They ſaid, They
went to their Quarters.
would write to the Parliament to knowo
The ſame Morning that Cromwell their Pleaſure; Joyce faid, Tibey might
left London, Corner Joyce, who was do ſo, but the King nuft preſently go
one of the Agitators in the Army, a with him. Colonel Bromel-had fenc
Taylor, a Fellow who had cwo or ' for ſome of the Troops who were ap-
pointed
.
4
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
433
1
him;
pointed for the King's Guard, but bytery, or affecting Independency, or
they came not; he ſpoke then with from any Purpoſe to maintain a licen-
the Officer who commanded thoſe tious Freedom in Religion, or the 112-
who were at that Time upon the tereſt of any particular Party, but were
Guard, and found that they would refolvid to leave the abſolute Determina-
make no Reſiſtance : So that after tion of all to the Parliament.
the King had made all the Delays he It was upon the 3d of June that the
conveniently could, without giving King was taken from Holmby by Cor-
them Cauſe to believe that he was re net Joyce, well nigh'a full Year after
folv'd not to have gone, which had he had deliver'd himſelf to the Scots at
been to no Purpoſe, and after he had Newark; in all which Time, thé Ar-
broken his Faſt, he went into his my had been at leiſure to contrive all
Coach, attended by the few Servants Ways to free itſelf from the Servitude
who were put about him, and went of the Parliament, whilſt the Preſby-
whither Cornet Joyce would conduct terians believ'd, that in fpight of a
there being no Part of the Ar- few factious independed Officers, it
my
known to be within twenty Miles was entirely at their Devotion, and
of Holmby at chat Time ; and that could never prove diſobedient to their
which adminiſter's moſt Cauſe of Ap- Commands; and thoſe few wife Men,
prehenſion, was, that thoſe Officers who diſcern’d the foul Deſigns of thoſe
who were of the Guard, declar'd, Officers, and by what Degrees they
That the Squadron which was command- ſtole the Hearts and Affections of the
ed by. Joyce, conſiſted not of Soldiers of Soldiers, had not Credit enough to be
one Regiment, but were Men of ſeveral believ'd by their own Party. The
Troops, and ſeveral Regiments, drawn joynt Confidence of the unanimous Af-
together under him, who was not the fection of the City of London to all
proper Officer; ſo that the King did in their Purpoſes, made them deſpiſe all
truth believe, that their Purpoſe was Oppoſition ; but now, when they ſaw
to carry him to ſome Place where they the King caken 'out of their Hands in
might more conveniently murder him. this Manner;, and with theſe Circum-
The Committee gave Notice to the ſtances; they found all their Meaſures
Parliament of what had paſſed, with broke by which they had form'd all
all the Circumſtances; and it was re their Counſels. And as this Letter
ceiy'd with all imaginable Confterna- from the General adminiſterd too
tion; nor could any body imagine much cauſe of Jealouſy of what was to
what the Purpoſe and Reſolution was. ſucceed, fo a poſitive Information a-
Nor were they at the more Eaſe, or bout the ſame Time by many Officers,
in any Degree pleaſed with the Ac- confirm'd by a Letter 'which the Lord
count they receiv’d from the General Mayor of London had receiv’d, that
himſelf; who by his Letter, inform’d. the whole Army was upon its March,
them, That the Soldiers at Holmby and would be in London the next Day
had brought the King from thence ; and by Noon, To diſtracted them, that
that his Majeſty lay the next Night at they appeard beſides themſelves :
Colonel Montague's Houſe, and would However, they voted, That' the Hol-
be the next Day at New-Market : ſes ſhould fit all the next Day, being
The Ground thereof was from an Appre- Sunday; and that Mr. Marſhal ſhould
benſion of ſome Sirength gather'd to be there to pray for them : That the
force the King from thence; whereupon Committee of Safety Abould ſit up all that
he had ſent Colonel Whaley's Regiment Night to conſider what was to be done :
to meet the King. He proteſted, That That the Lines of Communication ſhould
his Remove was without bis Confent, or be ſtrongly guarded, and all the Train'd-
of the Officers about him, or of the Body Bands of London hould be drawn to-
of the Army, and without their Defire, gether upon pain of Death. All Shops
or Privity : That he would take Care were ſhut up, and ſuch a general Cor.-
for the Security of bis Majeſty's Perfon fuſion over all the Town, and in the
from Danger ; and aſſured the Parlia- Faces of all Men, as if the Army had
ment, Tbat the whole Army endeavour'd already enter'd the Town. The Par-
Peace, and were far froin oppoſing Prefe liament writ a Letter to the General,
defiring
1
1
444
Tise Hiſtory of the Rebellion
deſiring him, That no Pari af The Ar. ſent 'an Addreſs to him full of Pro-
my might come within five and twenty teſtation of Duty, and beſought him,
Miles of London; and that the King's That ke would be content, for fome Time,
Perſon "might be deliver*d to the former to reſide among them, until the Affairs
Commiſſioners, 'wibo bad attended upon of the Kingdom were put into ſuch a
his Majeſty at Holmby; and ibat Co- Poſture, as be might find all Things to
lonel Roſliter, and his Regiment, might, bis oten Content, and Security ; which
be appointed for the Guard 'of bis Per- they infinitely deſired to ſee as afſoon as
son. The General return’d for An- might be; and to that Purpoſe made
[werį. That the Army was come to St. daily Inſtances to the Parliament,
Albars before the Defire of the Parlia In the mean time his Majeſty face
merit came to his Hands; but that, in ftill, or remov'd to ſuch Places as
Obedience to their Commands, he would were moſt convenient for the March
advanée no farther; and defir'd that a of the Arniy; being in all Places as
Month's Pay might preſently be ſent for well provided for, and accommodated,
the Army. In which they deferred as he had uféd to be in any Progreſs ;
not to gratify them; though as to the the beſt Gentlemen of the ſeveral Coun-
Delivery of the King to the former 'ties through which he paſſed, daily re-
Commiſſioners, no other Ainſwer was ſorted to him, without Diſtinction
retürn'd, than, That “they might reft he was attended by ſome of his old
ajjured, 'that all Care ſhould be taken truſty Servants in the Places 'neareſt
for bis Majeſty's Security,
his Perſon ; and that which gave him
From that Time both Cromwell and moſt Encouragement to believe that
* Irëton appeared in the Council of Of- they meant well
; was, that in the
ficers, which they had never before Army's Addrefs to the Parliament,
döne; and their Expoſtulations with they deſired, That Cåre might be'takerz
the Parljament; begun to be more for ſettling the King's Rights, accord-
briſk, and contumacious than they had "ing to the Jeveral Profeſſions they bed
beện. The King found himſelf at made in their Declarations ; "andrhat the
New-market attended by greater Troops "Royal Party might be treated with
and ſuperior Officers"; lo that he was "more Candour, and leſs Rigour ; and
preſently freed from any Subjection to many good Officers who had ferved
Mr. Foyce'; which was no ſmall Satis- this Majeſty faithfully, were civilly re-
faction to him'; and, they who' were “ceived by the Officers' of the 'Army,
about him appeared Men of better and lived quietly in their Quarters,
Breeding than the former, and paid 'which they could not do any where
his Majeſty all the Reſpect imagina- elle ; 'which räiſed a great Reputation
ble, and ſeemed to deſire to pleaſe to the Army,' throughout the King,
him in all things. All Reſtraint was dom, and as much Reproach upon the
taken off from Perſons 'reſorting to 'Parliameht.
him, and he ſaw every Day the Faces The Parliament' at this Time had
of many who were grateful to him ; 'recovered its Spirit, when they faw
and he no ſooner deſired that ſome of the Army did not märch nearer to-
his Chaplains might have leave to at- wards them, and not only ſtopped at
tend upon him for his. Devotion, but St. Albans, but was drawn back to a
. it was yielded to, and they who were farther Diſtance; 'which. perſwadėd
named by hin (who were Dr. Sheldon, 'them, that their General was diſpleaſed
Dr. "Morley, Dr. Sanderſon, and Dr. with the former Advarice ; anid fo
Hammond) were preſently fent, and they proceeded with all Paffion and
gave their Attendance, and perform- Vigour, againſt thoſe principal Ofi-
ed their Function at the ordinary cers, who, they knew, contrived all
Hours, in their accuſtomed Formali- thèſe Proceedings. They publiſhed
ties; 'alr Perſons who had a mind' to ' Declarations to the Kingdom, That
it, being ſuffered to be preſent, to his they deſired to bring the King it'Hongier
Majeſty's infinite Satisfaction ;. who to bis' Parliament ; which was their
begun to believe that the Army was Buſineſs from the Beginning, "and that
not ſo much his Enemy as it was re- be" was detained Priſoner againſt his
ported to be : And the Army bad “Will in the Army ; end that they bad
great
2
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 45
.
1
great Reaſon to apprehend the Safety of all the principal Perſons wlid govern'd
bis Perſon. The Army, on the other them, that he had no mind to put
hand, declared, That his Majeſty was himſelf into their Hands. On the
neither Priſoner, nor detained againſt other Side, he was far from being fa-
bis Will
, and appealed to his Majeſty tisfied with the Army's good Inten-
himſelf, and to all his Friends, who tions towards hifir; and though many
had Liberty to repair to him, whether of his Friends were ſuffered to reford
he had not more Liberty; and was not to him, they found that their being
treated with more Reſpect, ſince he came long about him; would not be accept-
into the Army, than he had been at able ; and though the Officers and
Holmby, ur during the Time he re- Soldiers appeared, for the moſt part;
mained in thoſe Places, and with that civil.to him, they were all at leait as
Reținue that the Parliament had ap- vigilani, as the former Guards' 'had
pointed?
been; ſo that he could not, without
The City ſeemed very unanimouſly great Difficulty; have got from them
devoted to the Parliament, and in- if he had deſired it. Fairfax had been
cenſed againſt the Army, and ſeemd with him, and kiſſed his Hand, and
reſolute, not only with their Train'd- made ſuch Profeſſions as he could well
bands and Auxiliary Regiments to af- utter. ; which was with no Advantage
fift, and defend the Parliament, but in the Delivery: his Authority was of
appointed ſome of the old Officers no uſe, becauſe he reſigned hiinſelf
who had ſervid under the Earl of Ejen, enxirely to Cromwell į who had been;
and had been disbanded under the and Ireton. likewiſe, with the King;
new Model; as Waller, Maſſey, and without either of them offering to
others, to liſt new. Forces; towards kiſs his Hand; otherwiſe, they be:
which there was not like to be want haved themſelves with good Manners
of Men out of their old Forces, and towards him. His Majeſty uſed all
Yuch
of the King's as would be glad of the Addreſs he could towards them
the Emplayment. There was nothing to draw fome Promiſe from them, but
they did really fear ſo much, as that they were ſo reſerv'd, and ſtood to
the Army would make a. firm Con- much upon their Guard; and uſed ſo few
junction with the King, and unite with Words, that nothing could be con-
his Party, of which there was ſo much cluded from what they ſaid: The
Thew; and many unskilful Men; who Perſons who reforted to his Majeſty,
wiſhed it, braggd too much, and and brought Advices from others who
therefore the Parliament ſent a Com- durſt not yet offer to come themſelves;
inittee to his Majeſty, with an Ad- brought ſeveral Opinions to him
dreſs of another Style than they had ſome thinking the Army would deal
ſately uſed, with many Profeſſions of ſincerely with his Majeſty, others ex-
Duty, and declaring, That if he was pecting no better from them than they
not, in all Reffects, treated as he ought afterwards performed; ſo that the
to be, ånd as be deſiredis
. it was not King well concluded that he would
their Fault, who deſired be might be at neither reject the Parliament Addreſſes
full Liberty, and do what he waulds by any neglectinor diſobligé the Army
hoping that the King, would have by appearing to have Jealouſy of them,
been induced to deſire to come to or.deſire to be out of their Hands;
London, and to make complaint. of which he could hardly have effected;
the Army's having čaken him from if he had known a better Place to
Holmby ; by which they believed the have reſorted to. So he deſired both
King's Party would be dilabuſed; and Parties,. To baften their Conſultations ;
withdraw their Hopes of any good from that the Kingdom might enjoy Peace
the Army. and then, they thought, and Happiness, in wbich be ſhould not
they ſhould be hard enough fer them be without a Share, and be would pray
The King was in great doubt how to God to bring this to paſs as soon as
carry himſėlf ;, he thought himſelf was poſible. ,
ſo barbarouſly uſed by the Presbyte The News of the King's being in
rians, and had ſo ill an Opinion of the Army, of his Freedom in the Ex-
erciſe.
1
to
130
: 5 U
-
446 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
erciſe of his Religion, which he had ſhould make the Experiment'; for he
been ſo long without, and that ſome that lor'd him beft, was very willing
of his Servants, with whom he was to be without him ; , and ſo receiving
well pleaſed, had Liberty to attend the Queen's Letter of Recommenda-
upon him, made every Body abroad, `tion of him to the King, who knew
as well as thoſe ar 'home, hope well ; "him very little, and that little, noc
and the King himſelf writ to the without ſome Prejudice, he left Paris,
Queen, as if he thought his Condition and made all poſſible haſte into Eng-
much better than it had been among land. John Amburnham, who was
the Scots. Sir John Berkley after his driven from the King by the Scois af-
Surrender of Exeter, and the fpend. ter he had conducted his Majeſty to
ing his fix Months allow'd by the them, had tranſported himſelf into
Articles to follicit his Affairs where he France, and was at 'this Time relid-
would, had tranſported himſelf into ing in Roan; having found, upon his
France, and waited apon the Queen Addreſs to the Queen at Paris upon
at Paris, being ſtill a menial Şervant his firſt Arrival, that his Abode in
to her Majeſty, and having a Friend ſome other place would not be ungrate-
in that Court that govern'd, and lov'd ful to her Majeſty, and ſo he removed
him better than any body elſe did. to Roan; where he had the Society of
As ſoon as the Reports came thither 'many who had ſerv'd the King in the
of the King's being with the Army, moſt eminent Qualifications. When
he repeated inany Diſcourſes he had he heard where the King was, and
held with the Officers of the Army, that there was not the ſame Reſtraint
whilft they treated with him of the that had been formerly, he reſolved to
Delivery of Exeter ; how he had told make an Advençure to wait on him ;
them, Upon how ſlippery Ground 'they having -no Reaſon to doubt but that
stood that the Parliament, when they his Preſence would be very acceptable
had ſerved their Turi, would diſmiſs to the King; and though the other
them with Reproach, and give them very Envoy. from Paris, and he did not
Small Rewards for the great Service, they make their journey into England to-
had done for them ; that they ſhould do gether," nor had the leaſt Communić
well, ſeaſonably to think of a ſafè Re- cation with each other, being in Truth
treat, which could be no where but under of ſeveral Parties and Purpoſes, yet
the Protaetion of the King; who by their they arrived there, and at the Army,
Courage was brought very now; and if near the ſame Time.
they raiſed him again, be muſt owe it Berkley firſt applied himſelf to thoſe
all to tbem, and bis Pofterity, as well as ſubordinate Officers with whom he had
bimſelf, and all bis Party; mut for ſome Acquaintance at Exeter, and
ever acknotuledge itį by: mbich they they informing their Superiors of his
would raiſe their Fortunes, as well as Arrival, and Application, they were
their Fame, to the greateft Degree Men well pleaſed that he was come. They
.could aim at; which he faid; made were well acquainted with his Talent,
ſuch an Impreſſion upon this and that and knew his Foible, that, by flattering
Officer, whom he named, 'thåt they and commending, they might govern
told him at parting, that; they ſhould him; and that there was no Danger
never forget what he had ſaid to them; of any deep Deſign from: his Contri-
and that they already obſerved, that vånce; and ſo they permitted him free-
every Day produced ſomewhat that would ly to attend the King, about whoſe
put them in Mind of it. In a Word, Perſon he had no Title or Relation,
be bäd foretold all that was ſince come to which requir'd any conſtant waiting
pals, and he was moſt confident, that, upon him.
if.be were now
with them, be thould be Apburnham had, by fome Friends,
welcome, and bave. Credit enough to a Recommendation both to Cromwell,
bring them to Reaſon, and to do ibe King and Ireton, who knew the Credit he
great Service ; and offered without any had with the King, and that his Ma-
Delay, to make the journey. The jeſty would be very well pleaſed to
Queen: believ'd all he laid ; and they have his Actendance, and look upon
who did not, were very willing he it as a: Teſtimony of their Reſpect to
.
him.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
him. They knew likewiſe that he their Afperity; made many prudent
was an implacable Enemy to the Scots; Men believe that both sides would,
and no Friend to the other. Preſby- in the end, be willing to make the
terians, and though he had ſome or- King the Umpireſ which neither of
dinały Craft in inſinuating, he was them ever intended to do. The Par-
of no deep or piercing Judgment to liament thought that their Name and
diſcover what was not unwarilj ex- Authority;. which had carried theni
poſed, and a free Speaker of what he through ſo great Undertakings; and
imagin’d; ſo they likewiſe left him reduced the whole Kingdom to their
at Liberty to repair to the King; and Obedience, could not be overpower'd
theſe two Gentlemen came near about by their own Armiy, raiſed and paid bý
the ſame Time to his Majeſty, when themſelves, and to whoſe. Dictates the
the Army was drawing together, with People would never ſubmit. They
a purpoſe, which was not yet pub- thought the King's Preſence amongit
lifh'd, of marching to London ; his them, gavethem all their preſent Repu-
Majeſty being ſtill quartered in thofe ration; and were not without Appre-
Places which were more proper for henfion, that the Ambition of ſome of
that Purpoſe.
the Officers, and their Malice to the
They were : both welcome to his Parliament, whien they ſaw cliät they
Majeſty, the one bringing a fpecial could obtain their Ends no other
Recommendation from the Queen, Way, 'might diſpoſe them to an en-
and to make himſelf the more valua- tire Conjunction with the King's Partý
able, aſſuring his Majeſty, Thät be and Intereſt; and then, all the Penal
was ſent for by the Officers of the Army; ties of Treaſon, Rebellion, and Tref
as one ibey would trust, and that they paſſes; muſt be diſcharged at théit
had receiv'd him moich open Arms; and, coſts and therefore they labourd bị
without any. Scruple, gave bim leave to all the publick and private Means
wait upon bim : The other needed they could, to perſwade the King to
ño Recommendation, the King's own own his being detain's Priſoner by the
Inclinations diſpoſing him to be very Army againſt his Will, or to with-
gracious to him, and ſo his Majeſty draw himſelf by fome Way from
wiſh'd them to correſpond with each on them, and repair to Whitehall; and,
ther, and to converſe with his ſeveral in either of thoſe Caſes; they did not
Friends, who did not yet think fit io refort doubt; firſt; to divide the Army (for
to him; and to receive their Advice they ſtill believ'd the General firm to
to diſcover as much as they could of the them) and by Degrees to bring them to
Intentions of both Parties, and iinpart Reaſons and to be diſbanded; as many
what ieas fit to the King, till, upon a aš were not 'neceffary for the Service
fartber Diſcovery; bis Majeſty might of Ireland; and then, heving the King
better judge what to do. Theſe were to themſelves, and all his Party being
the two principal
. Agents, upon whoſe obnoxious to thoſe Penalties for their
Information and Advice; kis
. Majeſty Delinquency, they ſhould be well able;
principally depended, though they by gratifying ſome of the greateſt Per-
rarely conferr’d together with the ſons of the Nobility with Immunity,
ſame Perſons, and never with any of and: Indemnity, to fettle the Govern
the Officers; who pretended not to merit in ſuch a Manner, as to be well
truſt one another: enough: to ſpeak recompenſed for all the Adventures
with that. Freedom. before each other, they had inade; and Hazárds they had
as they would to one of them, and run.
their Acquaintance among the Officers : On the other Harid; the Army had
not being principally with the ſame rio.dread of the Authority, and Power
Men, their Informations and Advices of the Parliament which they knew
were often very different, and more had been fo far proſtituted; that it had
perplexed than inform’d his Majeity. loft. moſt of his' Reverence with the
The very high Conteſts between the People. But it had great Appréhen.
Parliament and the Army, in which fion; that, by its Conjunction with
neither Side could be perſwaded to the City, it might indeed recover
yield, to ihe other, .ot abatė any of Credit with the Kingdom, and with;
hold
5
448
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
hold the Pay of the Army, and there for ſome Time with him.
From the
by make ſome Diviſion amongſt them; Time that Oxford had been ſurren-
and if the Perſon of the King ſhould derid, upon which the Duke of York
be likewiſe with them, and thereby had fallen into their Hands, for they
his Party ſhould likewiſe joyn with would by no Means admit that he
then, they ſhould be to begin their ſhould have liberty to go to fuch
Work again, or to make their Peace Place as the King ſhould direct, which
with thoſe who were as much provok- was very earneſtly preſſed, and infift-
ed by them as the King himſelf had ed on by the Lords of the Council
been. And therefore they were ſenſi, there, as long as they could; but ap-
ble that they enjoy'd a preſent Benefit pointed their Committee to receive
by the King's being with them, and him with all Reſpect, and bring him
by their creating him with the out to. London ; from that Tiñe, I ſay,
ward Reſpect that was due to his Ma- the Duke of York was committed to
jeſty, and the Civilities they made the Care of the Earl of Northumber.
Profeffion of towards all his Party, land, together with the Duke of Glo-
and the permiſſion of his Chaplains, cefter, and the Princeſs, who had been
and other Servants, to reſort to him; by the King left under the Tuition of
and cultivated all theſe Artifices with the Counteſs of Dorſeti
, but from the
great Addreſs, ſuppreſſing, or dif- Death of chat Counteſs, the Parlia-
countenancing the Tyranny of the ment had preſumed, that they might
Preſbyterians in the Country Commit, be ſure to keep them in their Power,
tees, and all cther Places, where they to put them into the Cuſtody of the
exerciſed nøtable Rigour againſt all Lady Vere, an old Lady much in
thoſe who had been of the King's their Favour, but not at alt ambitious of
Party; or not enough of theirs (for that Charge, though there was á com-
Neuters found nọ Excuſe for being of petent Allowance aſſign'd for their
no Party) when they found it fit to Support. They were now remov'd
make any luſty Declaration againſt from her, and placed altogether with
the Parliament, and exclaiin againſt the Earl of Northumberland, who re-
their tyrannical Proceedings againſt çeir’d; and treated them, in all Re-
the Army, they always inſerted lome- ſpects, as was ſuitable to their Birth;
what that might look like. Çandour and his own Duty; but could give
and Tenderneis towards the King's them, no more Liberty to go abroad,
Party, complainid of the Afront end than, he was, in his Inſtructions from
Indignity done to the Ariary, by the Paz. the Parliament, permitted to do, and
liament's not obſerving the Articles they had abſolutely refuſed to, gratify.
which had been made upon the Surren- the King in that Particular; of which
der of Gerriſons, but proceeding againſt þé no fóoner cook notice to Fairfax,
thoſe on whole Behalf thoſe Articles than he writ a. Letter to the Parlia-
were made, with more Severity than ment, That the King nzuchdeſired to
was agreeable to Juſtice, and to the have the Sight and Company of his
Intention of the Articles, ; whereby the Children
. ;, and that if they might
, not
Honour and Faith of the Army. Suffer'd, be allow'd, to, be langer with him, that
end was complain'd of; all which, at least they mighi dine with bims and
they ſaid, they would have remedied, he fent them Word that, on ſuch a
Whereupon many hoped that they. Day; the King, Wha
, attended. the Mo-
thould be excuſed' from making any tion of* the Army, and was quarter d.
Compoſitions, and entertain'd ſuch o- only wķere, they pleaſed, would dine at.
ther Imaginations as pleaſed them- Maidenhead. There, his. Children
felves, and the other Party well, liked, met him, to his infinite Content and
knowing they could demoliſh all thoſe. Joy; and he being to. quarter and ſtay.
Structures as foon as, chey. receiv'd no tome Time at Caverſpam, .a Houſe of
Benefit by themſelves.
the Lord Craven's. near Reading, his.
The King had, during the Time he Children were likewiſe ſuffer'd to go
stay'd as Holmby;, writ co the Houſe thither, and remain'd with him wo:
of Peers, that his Children; might have Days; which was the greateſt Satis.
have to come to him, and to reſide a faction the King could receive;, and.
5
thé
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.. 449
the receiving whereof, he imputed to the whom they meant to apply it; had
Civility of the General, and the good brought to paſs all that they had de-
Diſpoſition of the Army; which made fired; and in the Council of Officers;
fo inuch the more Impreſfion upon prepared an Impeachment of Higli
him, in that he had never made any Treaſon in general Terms againſt Mr.
one Propoſition in which he had been Hollis, and the Perſons mention'd be
gratified, where the Preſbyterian Spi- fore, and others; to the Number of
rit had Power to deny it.,
eleven Members of the Houſe of Coni-
In the Houſe of Commons, which mons. This Impeachment twelve
was now the Scene of all the Action Officers of the Army, Colonels, Lieu:
that diſpleaſed and incenſed the Army, tenant Colonels; Majors, and Cap-
they were wholly guided by. Hollis, tains, preſented to the Houſe; and
and Stapleton, Lewis, and Glyn, who within few Days after, when they faw
had been very popular and notorious the fame Members ſtill inveigh againſt
from the beginning, and by Waller and arraign their Proceedings; the Ge-
and Maſſey; and Brown, who had neral and Officers.writ a Letter to the
ſervºd in Commands in the Army, Houſe, That they would appoint fii
and perform'd at ſome Times very Perſons on their and the Kingdomn's Be-
ſignal Service, and were exceedingly half, to make good the Charge égainſt
belov'd in the City, and two or three thoſe. Members who they had accuſed:
others who follow'd their Dictates, and that they deſired, that thoſe. Meni-
and were ſubfervient to their Direc- bers impeach'd might be forthwith fuf-
tions. Theſe were all Men of Parts, pended from fitting in the Houſe, fince it
Intereſt, and ſignal Courage, and did could not be thought fit that the same
not only heartily abhor the Intentionis Persons who had ſo much, injured and
which they diſcern'd the Army to provoked the Army, should fit Judges of
have, and that it was wholly to be their own Artions. This was an Arrow
diſpoſed according to the Deſigns of that the Houſe of Commons did noe
Cromwell, but had likewiſe declar'dAni- expect would have been ſhot out of
molities againſt the Perſons of the moſt that Quiver ; and though they were un
active and powerful Officers; as Hollis fpeakably diſmayd and diſtracted with
had one Day, upon a very hot Debate this Preſumption, they anſwer'd po:
in the Houſe, and ſome rude Expreſ- ſitively;, That they neither would; nor
fions that fell from Íreton, perſwaded could; ſequeſter thoſe Members from the
him to walk out of the Houſe with Houſe, who had never faid or done any
him, and then told him, That be Thing in the Houſe worthy of Cenfures
should preſently go over the Water and till Proof were made of ſuch. Particu:
fight with him. Ireton replying, His lars as might render. them guiltý. But
Conſcience would not ſuffer bin to fight the Officers of the Army' reply'de.
a Duel : Hollis; in a Choler; pulled That they could prove them guilty of
.
him by the Noſe; telling him; If his ſuch pra&tices in the Houſe; that it
Conſcience would keep him from giving would be juſt in the Houſe 10 fufpend
Men Satisfaction, it ſhould keep him from them; and therefore they muſt
, preſss
.
provoking them. This Affront to the and inſist upon the ſuſpending at least of
third Perſon of the Army, and to a thoſe accuſed Members from being preſent
Man of the moſt viruleni, malicious; in the Houſe, where they ftood iin,
and revengeful Nature of all the Pack, Deacb'ds and without this, they ſaid,
ſo incenſed the whole Party, that they the Army would not be ſatisfied. Howe:
were reſolvid one way or other to be ver, the Houſe of Commons feem'd ſtill
rid of him, who had that Power in the reſolure, the accuſed Members them-
Houſe, and that Reputation abroad, felves, who beſt knew their. Temper;
that when he could not abſolutely thought it ſafer for them to retirez
controul cheir Deſigns; he did ſo ob- ' and by forbearing to appear in the
ſtruct them, that they could not ad. Houſe; to allay the Heat of the pres
vance to any Concluſioni.
fent Conteſt:
They reſorted therefore to an Expé Upon this ſo palpable Decleñſion
dient, which, they had obſerv’d, by of Spirit in the Houſe;. the Army
the Conduct of thoſe very Men againſt ſeem d much quieter, and reſolved to
131
fet
5 X
450
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
very true
3
that the City, upon whoſe this Order ſo offended all parties,
ſet other Agents on their work, that made an Ordinance, That it ſhould be
they might not appear too buſy and Criminal to gather, and follicitihe Sub-
active in their own Concernment. It 'ſcriptions of Hands to Petitions... Bir
is
Influence the Parliament much de. that they were compelld, within two
pended, appeard now entirely Pref- Days, to revoke it, and to leave all
byterian ; the Court of Aldermen, Men to their natural Liberty. Whilft
and Common Council, conſiſted chief. this Confuſion was in the City and
ly of Men of that Spirit; the Militia Parliament, the Commiſſioners, which
of the City was committed to Com- had been ſent to the Army to treat
miſſioners carefully and factiouſly cho- with the Officers, had no better Suc-
ſen of that Party; all thoſe of ano- ceſs; but return'd with the poſitive
ther Temper having been put out of and declared Reſolution of the Army,
thofe Truſts, at or about the Time That a Declaration ſhould-be publiſk'd by
that the King was deliver'd up by the the Parliament against the coming in of
Scots, when the Officers of the Army Foreign Force : For they apprehende
were content that the Preſbyterians ed, or rather were willing that the
ſhould believe, that the whole Power People ſhould apprehend, a new Coin-
of the Kingdom was in them; and bination by the Scots; That the Pay
that they might ſettle what Govern- of the Army ſhould be put into a conſtant
ment they pleas'd: If there remain'd Courſe, and all Perſons who had re-
any Perſons in any of thoſe' Employ- ceivd Money, ſhould be called to an Ai.
ments in the City, it was by their count : That the Militia of London
Diſſimulation, and pretending to have should be put into the Hands of Perſons
'other Affections ;. moſt of thoſe who well affečted, and thoſe who had been
were notorious to be of any other formerly trieſted: That all Perſons im-
Faction in Religion, had been put priſon'd for pretended Miſdemeanours,
out; and liv'd as neglected and dif- by Order of Parliament, or their com-
countenanced Mens who feém'd ra. mittees, might be ſet at Liberty; and,
ther to depend upon the Clemency if upon Trial they should be found inno-
and Indulgence of the Staté, for their cent, that they might have good Repará-
particular Liberty in the Exerciſe of tion. And they particularly mention’d
that Religion they adhered to, than to John Lilburn, Övertoji, and other A-
have any Hope or Ambition to be a: nabaptiſts, and Fanaticks; who had
gain admitted into any ſhare, or part been committed by the Parliament, for
in the Government : Yet, after all 'many ſeditious Meetings, under-Pre-
this Diflimulation, Cromwell and Ire- tence of Exerciſe of their Religion,
ton well knew, that the Multitude of and many inſolent Actions againſt the
inferior People were at their Diſpoſal, Government. Upon the Report of
and would appear in any Conjuncture theſe Demands; the Parliament grew
they ſhould think convenient; and more enraged; and voted, That the
that many Aldermen and ſubſtantialyielding to the Army in theſe Particu
Citizens were quiet, and appear'd not lars, would be againſt their Honour,
to contradict or oppoſė the Preſbyte- and their Intereſt, and deſtrutive to
rians, only by their Directions; and their Privileges; with many Expreſ-
would be ready upon their call. And fions againſt their Preſumption, and
now, when they ſaw thoſe leading Infolence : . Yet, when a new Rabble
Men; who had governd the Parlia- of Petitioners' demanded, with loud
hient, proſecuted by the Army; and Cries, 'moſt of the fame Things, they
that they forbore to come to the were willing to compound with them;
Houſe, there fock'd together great and conſented, that the Militia of the
Numbers of the loweſt, and moſt in- City of London ſhould be put intò ſuch
ferior People, to the Parliament; with Hands as the Army ſhould deſire.
Petitions of ſeveral Natures, both The Militia of the City had been
with Reference to Religion, and to Ci in the Beginning of May, ſhortly af-
vil Government; with the Noiſe and ter the King's being brought to Holm-
Clamour whereof, the Parliament was by, fettled with the Confent, and up-
do offended and diſturbed, that they on the Deſire, of the Common Coun-
cil,
in the Reign of King CHARLES E. 450
:
}
܀
cil, by Ordinance of Parliament, in ment adjourn'd till Friday, tliat they
the Hands of Commiſſioners, who might have two or three Days to con-
were generally of the Preſbyterian Pará ſider how they ſhould behave theni-
ty, they who were of other Inclina- felves, and prevent the like Violences
tions being removed ; and, as is ſaid hereafter. The Army had quickly
before, ſeemed not diſpleaſed at their Notice of theſe extraordinary Proceed-
Diſgrace ; and now, when upon the ings, and the General writ a very
Declaration and Demands of the Army; ſharp Letter to the Parliament from
ſeconded by clainorous Petitions, they Bedford ; in which he put them in
faw this Ordinance reverſed; in July; Mind, How civily the Aruriy had coin-
without ſo much as conſulting with plied with their Deſire, by removing to
the Common Council according to à greater Diſtance, upon Profumption
Cuſtom, the City was exceedingly that their own Ailthority would have
ſtartled, and ſaid, That if the impen been able to have ſecured them from any
rious Command of the Army; could pre. Rudeneſs, and Violence of the People's
vail with the Parliament to reverſe ſuch which it was now evident it could not
,
en Ordinance as that of the. Militia, dè, by the unparallelld Violation of all
they had Reaſon to apprehend they might their Privileges; on the Monday before,
as well repeal the other Ordinances for by a Multitude from the City, whicks
the Security of Money, or for the Pure had been encouräged by ſeveral Commort
.
chaſe of Biſhops and Church Lands, or Gouncil Men, and other Citizens in Aus
whatſoever elſe that was the proper Se- thority; which was an AEt fo prodigious
curity of the Subject. And therefore and borrid, as must diſſolve all Govern-
they cauſed a Petition to be prepared ment, if not feverely and exemplarily
in the Name of the City, to be pre- chaſtiſed: That the Army looked upon
ſented by the two Sheriffs, and others themſelves as accountable to the King-
deputed by the Common Council to dom, if this unheard of Outrages by
that Purpoſe. But, before they were, which the Peace and Settlement of the
ready, many thouſands; Apprentices Nation, and the Relief of Ireland,
and young Citizens, brought Petitions had been : fo
: notoriouſly interrupted;
to the Parliament ; in which they fáid; jould not be ſtrictly examineds and
That the Command of the Militia of the Juſtice ſpeedily done upon the Offenders.
City was the Birth-right of the City, Upon Friday, to which bothi Houſes
eind belonged to them by ſeizeral. Charters had adjourn'd, the Members came to:
cohich had been confirm din Parliament, gether in as full Numbers as they had
for Defence whereof, they ſaid they had uſed to meet, there being above one
centured, their Lives. As far and as hundred and forty of the Houſe of
frankly as the Arsny bad done ; and there. Commons ; but, after they had fate
fore, i bey deſired that the Ordinance of ſome Time in Expectation of their
Parliament of the fourth of May, which Speaker, they were inform’d that he
bad paſſed with their conſent, might, was gone out of the Town early that
fiand inviolable. They firſt preſent. Morning; and they obſery'd that Sir
od their Petition to the Houſe of Henry Vane; and ſome few other
Peers, who immediately revoked Members who uſed to conçur, with
their latè. Ordinance of July, and him, were likewiſe abſent. The
confirm'd their former of May, and Houſe of Peers found likewiſe that the
ſent it down to the Commons for Earl of Mancheſter, their Speakers
their Conſent, who durſt not deny had withdrawn himſelf, together with
their Concurrence ; the Apprentices the Earl of Northumberland, and ſome
behaving themſelves ſo infolently, that other Lords; but the major Part ſtill
they would ſcarce fuffer the Door of remain’d there; 'full of Indignation a-
the Houſe of Commons to be ſhut, and gainſt thoſe who were abſent, and who
ſome of them went into the Houſe. they all concluded were gone to the
And in this Manner the Ordinance Army. Hereupon both Houſes choſe
was reverſed that had been made at new Speakers } .who accepted the Of-
the Deſire of the Ariny, and the other fice; and the Commons preſently
of May, ratified and confirn'd; which voted, That the eleven Members who
was no ſooner done than the Parlia- food impeach'd by the Army, and bad
difs
452
The Hiſlory of the Rebellion
diſcontinued coming to the Houſe, ſhould ger of their Lives by the Tumúlts ; and
preſently appear and take their places. appealed to the Army for their Pro.
They made an Ordinance of Parlia. tection.
ment, by which a Committee of Safe This looked like a new Act of Pro.
ty was appointed to joyn with the City vidence to vindicate the Army from
Militia, and had Authority to raiſe all Reproaches, and to juſtify them
Men for the Defence of the Parlia- in all they had done, as abſolutely
ment; which they appeard ſo vigo- done for the Preſervation of the Par-
rouſly reſolv'd on, that.no Man in the liament and Kingdom. If this had
Houſes, or in the City, feem'd to in- been a Retreat of Sir Harry Vane and
tend any thing elſe. The News of ſome other diſcontented Men, who
this roufed up the Army, and the Ge were known to be Independents, and
neral preſently fent a good' Party of Fanaticks in their Opinions in Religion,
Horfe into Windfor, and marched and of the Army. Faction, who being
himſelf to Uxbridge, and appointed a no longer able to oppoſe the Wiſdom
general Rendezvous for the whole Ar- of the Parliament, had Aed to their
my upon Hounſow- Heath, within two Friends for Protection from Juſtice,
Days; when and where there appear’d they would have got no Reputation,
twenty thouſand Foot and Horſe, nor the Army been thought the better
with à Train of Artillery, and all of for their Company; but neither of
other Proviſions proporcionable to the Speakers were ever look'd upon as
fuch an Arany.
inclined to the Army; Lenthall was
As foon as the Rendezvous was ap- generallý believ'd to have no Maa
pointed at Hounſlow Heath, at the ſame lice towards the King, and not to be
Time the King removed to Hampion- without good Inclinations to the
Couri, which was prepared, and puc Church; and the Earl of Mancheſter,
into as good Order for his Reception, who was Speaker of the Houſe of
as' could have been done in the beſt Peers, was known to have all the
Time. The Houſes ſeemed for ſome Prejudice imaginable againſt Gronwell;
Time to retain their Spiric and Vigour, and had formerly accuſed him of Wang
and the City talked of lifting Men, of Duty to the Parliament, and the
and defending themſelves, and not fuf. other hated him above all Mer, and
fering the Army to approach nearer to deſired to have taken away his Life,
them ; but, when they knew the Day The Earl of Mancheſter, and the Earl
of the Rendezvous, thoſe in both of Warwick, were the two Pillars of
Houſes who had been too weak to the Preſbyterian Party ; and that they.
carry any thing, and ſo had looked two, with the Earl of Northumberland,
on whilft ſuch Votes were paſſed as and ſome other of the Lords, and
they liked not and could not oppoſe, fome of the Commons, who had ap ,'
now when their friend the Army' was pear’d to diſapprove all the Proceed-
to neat, recover'd their Spirits, and ings of the Army, ſhould now joyn
talked very loud ; and perſwaded the with Sir Harry Vane, and appeal to
reſt, To think in Time of making their the Army for Protection, with that
Peace with the Army, that could not be Formality as if they had brought the
withſtood. And the City grew every whole Parliament with them, and had
Day more appalled, 'irreſolutes and been entirely driven and forced away
confounded, one Man propoſing this, by the City, appear'd to be ſo very
and another ſomewhar contrary to thatý ſtupendous a Thing, that it is not to
like Men amazed and diſtracted. When this Day underſtood otherwiſe, than
the Army met upon Hounſloro-Heath that they were reſolv'd to have their
at their Rendezvous, the Speakers of particular Shares in the Treaty, which
both Houſes, who had privately before they believed the chief Officers of the
met with the chief Oficers of the Army to have near concluded with the
Army, appeared there with their King. For that they never intended
Maces, and ſuch other Members as to put the whole Power into the
accompanied them į complaining to Hands of the Army, nor had any
the General, That they bad pot Free Kindneſs to, or Confidence in, the
dom at Weftminſter, but were in Dana Officers thereof, was very apparent
5
by
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
453
pinos
by their Carriage and Behaviour after, for their Security; acquainted them
as well as before; and if they had con- with all their Conſultations; and would
tinued together, conſidering how not preſume to reſolve any Thing
much the City was devoted to them, without their Approbation : And
it is probable that the Army would they had too much Modeſty to think
not have uſed any Force; which they could do amiſs, who had prof-
might have receiv'd a fatal Repulſe; per’d ſo much in all their Undertak-
but that ſome good Compromiſe might ings. No Time was loſt in purſuing
have been made by the Interpoſition their Reſolution to eſtabliſh the Par-
of the King. But this Schiſm carried ļiament again at Weſtminſter'; and find-
all the Reputation and Authority to ing that the reſt of the Members con-
the Army, and left none in the Par- tinued ſtill to ſit there with the ſame
liaments for though it preſently ap- Formality, and that the City did not
pear'd, that the Number of thoſe who abate any of their Spirit, they ſeem'd
left the Houſes was ſmall in Compa- to make a Halt, and to remain quiet;
riſon of thoſe who remain'd behind, in Expectation of a better Underſtand:
and who proceeded with the fame Vi- ing between them, upon the Meſſages
gour in declaring againſt the Army, they every Day ſent to the Lord Mayor,
and the City ſeem'd as refolute in put- and Aldermen, and Common Council
ting themſelves into a Poſture, and (for of thoſe at Weſtminſter they took
preparing for their Defence, all their "no Notice) and quarter'd their Army
Works and Fortifications being ſtill about Brentford, Hounſlow, Twitten-
entire, ſo that they might have put ham, and the adjacent Villages, with-
the, Army, to great Trouble, if they out reſtraining any Proviſions, which
had ſteadily purſued their Reſolutionis every Day according to Cuſtom were
(which they did not yet in any Degree carried to London, or doing the leaſt
ſeem to decline) yet this Rent made Action that might diſoblige or diſpleaſe
all the accuſed Members, who were the City; the Army being in truth
the Men of Parts and Reputation to under ſo excellent Diſcipline, that no
conduct cheir Counſels, to withdraw body could complain of any Damage
themſelves upon the Aſtoniſhment; ſuſtain’d by them, or any Provocation
ſome concealing themſelves, till they by Word or Deed. However, in this
had Opportunity to make their Peace, Calm, they ſent over Colonel Rains-
and others withdrawing and tranſport- bcrough with a Brigade of Horſe and
ing themſelves beyond the Seas, where: Foot, and Cannon, at Hampton Courts;
of Stapleton died at Calais as ſoon as to poſſeſs Southwark, and thoſe Works:
he landed ; and was denied burial, which ſecured that End of London-
upon Imagination that he had died of Bridge ; , which he did with fo little
the Plague : Others remain'd a long, Noiſe, that in one Night's March; he,
Time beyond the Seas; and, though found him'elf Maſter without any, Opa.
they long after return'd, never were poſition, not only of the Borough of
receiv'd into any Truſt in thoſe Times, Southwarks but of all the Works and,
nor in Truth concurr’d, or acted in Forts which were to defend its the
the publick Affairs, but retired to Soldiers within ſhaking Hands with
their own Eſtates, and liv'd privately. thoſe withouts and refuſing ko obey
The chief Officers of the Army rou. their Officers which were to command
ceiv'd the two Speakers, and the them: So that, the City, without,
their good; and paid them all the Rew all that Avenue to the Town was pof- .
ſpect imaginable, and profeſſed all felled by the Enemy; whom they
Submiſſion to them, as to the Parliawere providing to reſiſt on the other
ment of England; and declar'd, That Side, being as confident of this that
they would re-eſtabliſh them in their full. they had loſt, as of any Gate of the
Power, or periſh in the Attempt; took City.
very particular Care for their Accom This ſtruck them dead ;; and put an
modations, before the General; and End to all their Confultation for De-
aſſign’d a Guard to wait upon them fence; and put other Thoughts into..
132
their
1
5 Y.
454
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
their Heads, how they might pacify The Common Council, that fate Day
thoſe whom they had ſo much offend- and Night,' upon the Receipt of this
ed and provoked; and how they Meſſage, without any Pauſe return’d,
might preſerve their City from Plun. That they would bumbly ſubmit to his
der, and the Fury of an enraged Ar Command; and that now, under Al-
my. They who had ever been of the mighty God, they did rely only upon his
Army Party, and of late had ſhut them- Excellency's honourable Word for their
ſelves up, and not dared to walk the Protection and Security. And ſo they
Streets for fear of the People, came
cauſed their Militia to be forth wich
now confidently amongſt them, and drawn off from the Line, as well as
mingled in their Councils ; declared, out of the Forts, with all their Carinon
That the King and the Army were now and Ordnance ; and the General ap-
agreed in all Particulars, and that both 'pointed a better Guard to both. Ať
Houſes were now with the Army, and Hyde-Park the Mayor and Aldermen
had preſented themſelves to the King; met him, and humbly congratulated
fo that to oppoſe the Army, would be to his Arrival ; and befought him, to
oppofe the King and Parliament, and to excuſe what they had, out of their
incenſe them as much as the Army. good Meaning and Deſire of Peace,
Upon ſuch confident Diſcourſes and done amiſs; and as a Teſtimony of
Inſinuations from thoſe with whom their Affection and Duty, the Mayor,
they would not have converſed, or
on the Behalf of the City, preſented a
given the leaſt Credit to, three Days great-Gold Cup to the General ; which
before, or rather upon the Confuſion he ſullenly refus'd to receive, and,
and general Diſtraction they were in, with very little Ceremony, diſmiſſed
they ſent fix Aldermen and fix Com- them.
moners to the General; who lamented He himſelf waited upon the two
and complain'd, That the City ſhould Speakers, -and conducted them, and
be ſuſpected, that had never afted any: their Members to the ſeveral Houſes,
Thing against the Parliament; and where the other Members were then
therefore they deſired him to forbear do- fitting. Even in the Inſtant when
ing any Thing that might be the Occaſion the Revolters as they had called them,
of a new War. But the General little enter'd into the Houſes, the old Speak-
conſider'd this Meſſage, and gave leſs' ers affumed their Places again, and en-
Countenance to the Meſſengers; but terd upon their buſineſs as if there had
continued his now Marches towards been no Separation. The firſt Thing
the City : Whereupon they fent'an. they did, was calling in the General
honourable Meſſage to him, That in both Houſes, and making him a
fince they underſtood that the Reaſon of large Acknowledgment in the Name
his March, so near London, was to re of each Houſe, of the great Favours he
ftore, and ſettle the Members (the had done to them; they thanked him
Lords and Commons) of Parliament for the Protection he had given to their
to the Liberty and Privilege of fitting Perſons, and his Vindication of the
ſecurely in their ſeveral Houſes (to Privileges of the Parliament. They
which the City would contribute all then voted, All that had been done by
in their Power and Service) they prayed themſelves in going to the Army, and in
kim, with all Submisſion, that he would: ' reſiding there, and all that had been
be pleaſed to ſend ſuch a Guard of Horſe done by the Army, to be well and law-
and Foot as he thought to be ſufficient fully donie ;' as, fome Time after, they
for that Purpoſe ; and that the Ports. alſo voted, That all that had been done
and all Paſages ſhould be open to them";. in the Houſes fince their Departure,
and they ſhould do any Thing elſe that his was àgainſt Law, and Privilege of
Excellency would command. To which Parliament, invalid and void : Then
he made no other Anſwer, but That be they adjourn'd to the next Day, with-
would have all the Forts of the Weſt our queſtioning or puniſhing any Mem-
fide of the City to be delivered imme- ber who had acted there.
diately to him; thoſe of the other Side The Army of Horſe, Foot, and
being already, as is ſaid, in the Hands Cannon, marched the next Day thro"
of Rainſborough and his other Officers. the City (which, upon the Deſire of
the
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 455
(
the Parliament, 'undertook forth with times he went to them to Sion; which
to ſupply an hundred thouſand Pounds gave him great Satisfaction.
for the Payment of the Army) with In this Converſation, as if his Ma-
out the leaſt Diſorder, or doing the jeſty had foreſeen all that befel him
leaft Damage to any Perſon, or giving afterwards, and which at that Time
any diſreſpective Word to any Man ; ſure he did not ſuſpect, he took great
By which they attained the Reputation Care to inſtruct his Children how to
of being in excellent Diſcipline, and behave themſelves if the worſt ſhould
that both Officers and Soldiers were befall him that the worſt of his Ene-
Mén of extraordinary Temper and So- mies did contrive or wiſh; and, That
briety. So they marched over London they ſhould preferie unſhaken their Af-
Bridge into Southwark, and to thoſe fe£tion and Duty to the Prince their Bro-
Quarters to which they were affign'd; ther. The Duke of York was then a-
ſome Regiments were quarter'd in bout fourteen Years of Age; and ſo
Weſtminſter, the Strand, and Holborn, capable of any Information or Inſtruc-
under Pretence of being a Guard to tion the King thought fit to give
the Parliament; but intended as á him. His Majeſty told him, That be
Guard upon the City. The General's looked upon bimſelf as in the Hands and
head Quarters were at Chelſea, and the Diſpoſal of the Army; and that the Par-
reſt of the Army quarter'd between liament ħad no more power to da bim
Hampton-Court and London, that the good or barm, than as the Army ſhould
King might be well look’d to; and direct or permit; and that he knew not,
the Council of Officers and Agitators, in all this Time he had been with thems;
fate conſtantly, and formally, at Ful- what he might promiſe himſelf from thoſe
ham and Putney, to provide that no Officers of the Army at whaſe Devotion
other Settlement ſhould be made for it was : That be hoped well, yet with
the Government of the Kingdom than much Doubt and Fear; and therefore be
what they ſhould well approve. gave him this general Direction and
Whilſt theſe Things were thus agi- Command, that if there : appeared. апу
tated between the Army and the Par- ſuch Alteration in the Affection of the
liament and the City, the King en-Army, that they reſtrain d him from the
joyed himſelf at Hampton-Court, much Liberty be then enjoy'd of ſeeing his
more to his Content than he had of Children, or ſuffer'd not bis Friends to
latė; the Reſpects of the chief Officers 'reſort to him with thot Freedom tbat
of the Army ſeeming much greater they enjoyed at preſent, he might conclude .
than they had been; Cromwell himſelf they would shortly uſe bim worſe, and.
came oftner to him, and had longer that he ſhould not be long out of a Pri-
Conferences with him; talked with ſon; and therefore that from the Time
more Openneſs to Mr. Apburnham he diſcovered ſuch an Alteration, he
than he had done, and appear’d more should bethink bimſelf how he might
chéarful: Perſons of all Conditions make an Eſcape out of their power;
repaired to his Majeſty of thoſe who and tranſport bimſelf beyond the Seas.
had ferv'd him ; with whom he con- 'The Place he recommended to him,
ferr'd without Reſervation; and the Ci was Holland; where he preſum'd his.
tizens fock'd thither as they had uſed Siſter would receive him very kindly,
to do at the End of a Progreſs, when and that the Prince of Orange her
the King had been ſome Months ab- Huſband would be well pleaſed with.
ſent from London : But that which it, though, poſſibly; the States might
pleaſed his Majeſty moſt, was, that reſtrain him from making thoſe Ex«.
his Children were permitted to come preſſions of his Affection, his own Incli-
to him, in whom he took great De- nations, prompted him to. He wiſhed
light. They were all at the Earl of him to think always of this, as a Thing
Northumberland's Houſe, at Siğn; poſſible to fall out, and ſo ſpake fre-
from the Time the King came to quently, to him of it, and of the Cir-
Hampton-Court, and had. Liberty to cumſtances and Cautions which were
attend his Majeſty when he pleaſed ; neceſſary to attend it
ſo that ſometimes he ſent for them to The Princeſs Elizabeth was not a-
come to Hampton-Court, and ſome. bove a Year or two younger than the
. Duke
2
456
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Duke, a Lady of excellent Parts, member that the Prince bis Brother was
great Obſervation, and an early Un to ſucceed him by the Laws of God and
derſtanding ; which the King dif- Man; and, if be ſhould miſcarry, that
cern'd, by the Account ſhe gave him the Duke of York was to ſucceed in the
both of Things and Perſons, upon the same Right; and therefore that be
Experience ſhe had had of both. His pould be ſure never to be made uſe of to
Majeſty enjoyn’d her, Upon the worst interrupt, or diſturb either of their
that could befall bim, never: to be dif- Rights; which would in the End turk
poſed of in. Marriage without the Con- to his own Deſtruction. And this Dir-
rent and Approbation of the Queen ber courſe the King reiterated to him, as
Mother, and the Prince her Brother; often as he had Liberty to ſee him,
and always to perform all Duty and O. with all the Earneſtneſs, and Pallion
bedience to boil thoſe; and to obey, the he could expreſs; which was ſo fixed
Queen in all Things, except in Matters in his Memory that he never forgot it.
of Religion; in which he commanded In this Manner, and with theſe
ber, upon bis Bleſſing, never to bearken kind of Reflections, the King made
or conſent to her ; but to continue firm uſe of the Liberty he enjoy'd ; and
in that Religion she had been inſtructed conſider'd as well, what Remedies to
and educated in, what Diſcountenance apply to the worſt that could fall out,
and Ruin focver might befal the poor as to careſs the Officers of the Army,
Church, at that Time under so ſevere in order to the Improvement of his
Proſecution.
Condition ; of which he was not yet in
The Duke of Glocefter was very deſpair; the chief Officers, and all the
young, being at that Time not above Heads of that Party, , looking upon it
ſeven Years old, and ſo might well be as their wiſeſt Policy to cheriſh the
thought incapable of retaining that King's Hopes by the Liberty they
Advice and Injunction, which in truth gave him, and by a very howing
ever after made ſo deep Impreſſion in Courteſy towards all who had been of
him. After he had given him all the bis Party; whoſe Expectation, and
Advice he thought convenient, in the good Word, and Teſtimony, they
Matter of Religion, and commanded found did them much good both in
him poſitively, Never to be perſwaded the City and the Country,
or threaten'd' out of the Religion of the The Marquis of Ormond had, by
Church, in which he hoped be would be ſpecial Command and Order from the
well inſtructed, and for the Purity and King whilft he was with the Scots at
Integrity whereof, be bid him remember Newcaſtle, deliver'd up the City of
that he had bis Father's Teſtimony, and Dublin to the Parliament; after the
Authority; his Majeſty told him, That Iriſh had fo infamoully broken the
bis Infancy, and the Tenderneſs of his Peace they had made with the King,
Years, might. perſwade some Men to and brought their whole Army before
hope and believe, that he might be made Dublin to beſiege it; by which he was
an inſtrument, and Property, to ad- reduced to thoſe Streights, that he had
vance their wicked. Deſigns; and if they no other Election than to deliver it to
should take away. his Life, they might, the Iriſh, or to the Parliament; of
poſſibly, be better to attain their own which his Majeſty being inform’d,
Ends; make him King; that under him, determin’d, he ſhould give it to the
whilft bis Age would not permit. him ta Parliament; which he did, with full
judge, and à at for himſelf, they might Conditions for all thoſe who had ſervd
remove many. Obſtructions which lay in his Majeſty, and fo tranſported him-
their Way: And. form. and unite their ſelf into England, and, from London,
Councils; and then they would deffroy preſenred himſelf to the King at
But be commanded him, upon. Hampton-Court; who receiv'd him
his Bleſſing, never to forget what be with extraordinary. Grace, as a Perſon
Said to bim upon this Occaſion, nor ta who had ferv'd him with great Zeal
accept, or ſuffer bimſelf. ta be made and Fidelicy, and with the moſt uni-
King, wbilt either of his elder Broshers verfal Teſtimony of all good Men
liv'd, in what
. Part of the World. foe- that any Man. could receive.
ver i bey should be.: Thai ba Baould re-. There was at this Time a new Fac-
bim too.
5
tion
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
457
tion grown up in the Army, which jeſty look'd upon as an Artificé to
were either by their own Denomina- lead him into fome Streights, from
tion, or with their own Conſent; cal- whence he ſhould not eaſily extricate
led Levellers; who fpeke inſolently himſelf; and yet many who repaired
and confidently againſt the King and to him, brought the ſame Advice from
Parliament, and the great Officers of Men of unqueſtionable Sinceritys by
the Army; and profeſſed as great Ma- what Reaſon foever they were ſwayed:
lice againſt all the Lords, as againſt The King found himſelf in great
the King; and declared, That all Perplexity, from what he difcern'd
Degrees of Men Mould be levellºd, and and obſerv'd himſelf, as well as what
an Equality ſhould be eſtabliſß’d, both in he heard from others; but what Ufe
Titles and Eſtates, throughout the King- to make of one or the other, was very
dom. Whether'che raiſing this Spirit hard to reſolve : He did really be-
was a piece of Cromwell's ordinary lieve that their Malice was at the
Witchcraft, in order to ſome of his Height, and that they did deſign his
Deſigns, or whether it grew amongſt Murder; but knew not which was a
thofe Tares which had been ſowed in probable Way to prevent it. The
that Confufion; certain it is, it gave making an Eſcape, if it were not con-
him real Trouble at laſt, but the pre- trived with wonderful Sagacity, would
ſent Uſe he made of it was, that, up- expoſe him to be affaſſinated; by pre-
on the licentious Diſcourſe of that tended · Ignorance, and would be
kind, which fome Soldiers upon the charged upon himſelf; and if he could
Guard uſually made, the Guard upon avoid their Guards, and get beyond
the King's Perſon was doubled! A them undiſcover'd, whither ſhould he
Reſtraint put upon the great Reſort of go and what Place would receive
People who came to ſee the King; and defend him. The Hope of the
and all pretended to be for his Secu- City ſeem'd not to him to have a
rity, and to prevent any Violence that Foundation of Reaſon; they had been
might be attempted upon his Life ; too late ſubdued to recover Courage
which they ſeem'd to apprehend and for ſuch an Adventure; and the Army
In the mean Time they nei. now was much more Maſter of it than
ther hinder'd his Majeſty from riding when they deſponded. There is Rea-
abroad to take the Air, nor from do- ſon to believe that he did reſolve to
ing any Thing he had a Mind to, tranſport himſelf beyond the Seasz
nor reſtrain'd thoſe who waited upon 'which had been no hard. Matter to
him in his Bed-Chamber; nor his have brought to paſsz - but with whom
Chaplains froin performing their Func, he conſulted for the Way of doing it;
tions; though cowards all theſe was is - not to this Day diſcover'd ; they
leſs Civility exerciſed than had been; who were inſtrumental in his Remove;
and the Guards which waited neareſts pretending to know nothing of thë
were more rude, and more Noiſe at Reſolution; or Counſel. But, one
unſeaſonable Hours than they had been Morning, being the eleventh of No-
accuſtom’d to do į the Captain who vember, the King having, the Night
commanded them, Colonel Whaley, before, pretended ſome Indiſpoſition,
being a Man of a rough and brutal and that he would go to his Reft;
Teniper, who had offer'd great Vio- they who went into his Chamber,
lence to his Nature; when he appear'd found he was not there; nor had been
to exerciſe any Civility and good in his Bed that Night. There were
Manners.' The King; every Day, two or three Letters found upon his
receiv'd little Billets or Letters, ſea. Table; writ all with his own Hands
cretly convey'd to him without any one to the Parliament, another to the
Name, which advertiſed him of wick General; in which he declared; The
ed Deſigns againſt his Life, and ſome Reaſon of his Remove to be, an Appre-
of them adviſed him to make an E. benſion that ſome deſperate Perſons had
ſcape, and repair ſecretly into the Ci- a Deſign to aſaſinate him; and there
ty, where he lhould be ſafe ; fome fore be bad withdrawn himſelf with a
Letters directing him to ſuch an Al- Purpoſe of remaining concealed, until
derman's Houſe.; all which his Ma- the Parliament had agreed upon ſucki
133
Proi
detéſt.
1
1
1
5 Z
458
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Propoſitions as Mould be fit for him to well, having by his Advice been mar-
conſent to; and he would then.appear, ried to a Daughter of John Hambden,
and willingly conſent to any Thing that whoſe Memory he always, adored,
should be for the Peace and Happinefs of yet, by ſome fatal Miſtaké, this Man
the Kingdom.
There were diſcover'd
was thought a Perſon of Honour and
the treading of Horſes at the back Generoſity enough.to truſt the King's
Door of the Garden into which his Perſon ço, and Abburnham, and Berk-
Majeſty had a Paſſage out of his Cham- ley, were ſent to him with Orders,
ber"; and it is true that Way he went, Firſt to be ſure ihat the Man would
having appointed his Horſe to be there faithfully promiſe not to deliver his
ready at an Hour, and Sir John Berk- Majeſty up, though the Parliament or
ley, Aſhburnham, and Legg, to wait Army ſhould require him, but to give
upon him, the two laſt being of his bim bis Liberty to ſhift for himſelf, if.
Bid-Chamber. Affburnham alone be were not able to defend him; and ex-
feemd to know what they were to do, cept he would make that Promiſe, they
the other two having receiv'd only would not let him know where bis Ma..
Orders to attend. When they were jefity was, but ſhould return preſently to
frçe from the Apprehenſion of the bim. With this Commiſſion they two
Guards, and the Horſe Quarters, they croſſed, the Water to the Ine of Wight,
rode towards the South Weſt, and to- the King in the mean Time repoſing
wards that Part of Hampſhire which himſelf at Tichfield. The next Day
led tº the New Foreſt. The King they found Colonel Hammond; who
aſked Abburnhan where the Ship lay... was known to them both, who had.
which made the other two conclude Converſation with him in the Army,
that the King reſolv'd to tranſport when the King was well treated there,
himſelf. After they had snade ſome they told him, That the King was
Stay in that Part next the Sea, and withdrawn from the Army; of which
Alhburnham had been ſome Time ab- he ſeem'd to have had no Notice,
ſent, he returnd without any News and to be very niuch ſurprized with it.
of the Ship; with which the King They then ſaid, "That the King had ſo
feeni'd troubled. Upon this Diſap- good en Opinion of him, knowing him to.
pointment, the King thought it béit, be a Gentleman, and for his Relation ta
for avoiding all Highways, to go to Dr. Haiņmond (whoſe : Nephew he
Tichfield, a noble Seat of the Earl of was) that be, would truſt his Perſon
Southampton's (who was not there) but with him, and would from thence write
inhabited by the old Lady his Mother to ibe Parliament, if he would promiſe
with a ſmall Family, which made the that if bis Meſſage, had not that Effect
Recreat the more convenient; there which be hopęd it would have, he would
his Majeſty alighted, and would ſpeak leave him, to: himſelf to go wbither be
with the Lady; to whom he made no thought fit, and would not deliver him
Scruple of communicating himſelf, to the Parliament, or Arnay, if they
well knowing her to be a Lady of that ſhould require it. His Anſwer was,
Honour, and Spirit, that ſhe was ſu- That he would pay all the Duty and
perior to all Temptation. There he Service to his Majeſty that was in his
refreſhed himſelf, and conſulted with Power; and, if be pleaſed to come
tbi-
his three Servants, what he ſhould ther, he would receive and entertain
nexc do, ſince there was neither Ship bim as well as be could ;- but that be
ready,'. nor could they preſume that was an inferior Officer, and muſt obey
they could remain long there undif- · his Superiors in-whatſoever they thought
cover'a.
fit to command bim With which
In this Debate, the Iſle of Wight, when he ſaw they were not ſatisfied,
came to be mention'd (as they ſay) by. he aſked, Where the King was? to
Alhburnham, as a Place where his Ma which they mave no other Anſwer,
jeſty might ſecurely repoſe himſelf, But that they would acquaint his Majeſty
untill he thought fit ço inform the Pars with this Anſwer, and, if he were fa-
liainent where he was. Colonel Ham- tisfied with it, they would return to
mond was Governor, an Officer of the bim again. He demanded that Mr.
Army, and of neareſt Truſt with Crom- Alphurukam would ſtay with him, and
that
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
459
that the other might go to the King; it, ſeem'd to be all ſo far from a rat
which Mr. Abburnbam refuſed to do. tional Deſign and Conduct, that moſt
After ſome Time ſpent in Debate, Men did believe there was Treaſon in
in which he made many Expreſſions of the Contrivance, or that his Majeſty.
Deſire to do any Service to his Ma- entruſted thoſe who were grolly im-
jeſty, they were contented that he posºd upon and deceivd by his greateſt
ſhould go with them; and Aſhburn. Enemies.' · Legg had had ſo general a
ham faid, He would conduet him to the Reputation of Integrity and Fidelity
Place where the King was; and ſo he, to his Maſter, that he never fell under
commanding three or four Servants or the leaſt Imputation or Reproach with
Soldiers to wait on him, they went any Man: He was a very punctual
together to Tichfield; and the other and ſteady Obſerver of the Orders he
ſtaying below, Apburnham went up to receivd, but no Contriver of them
the King's Chamber. When he had and though he had in truth' a better
acquainted him with all that had paf- judgment and Underſtanding than ei-
fed, and that Hammond was, in the ther of the other two, his Modefty
Houſe, his Majeſty broke out into and Diffidence of himſelf never futa
ſuch a paſſionate Exclamation, and fer'd him to contrive bold Counſels.
faid, O* Jack, thou haſt undone me! Berkley was leſs known among thoſe
with which the other falling into Perſons of Honour and Quality who,
a great Paſſion of weeping, offerid to had follow'd the King, being in a ve-
go down, and to kill Hammond; to ry private. Station before the War,
which his Majeſty would not conſent; and his Poft in it being in the fartheſt
and after ſome pauſing, and Delibera- Corner of the Kingdom, and not
tion, ſent for him up, and endeavourid much ſpoken of till the End of it,
to. perſwade him to make the ſame when he was not beholden to Reports ;
Promiſe, which had before been pro- Ambition and Vanity were well known
poſed; to which he made the fame to be predominant in him, and that
Anſwer he had done, but with many he had great Confidence in himſelf,
Profeſſions of doing all the offices he and did not delight to converſe with
could for his Majeſty ; and ſeem'd to thoſe who had nots, but never fellun
believe that the Army would do well der any Blemiſh of Dinoyalty, and he
for him. The King believ'd that took Care to publiſh that this Enter-
there was now no poſſible way to get priſe of the King's was ſo totally witha,
from him, he having the Command out his Privity, that he was required,
of the Country, and could call in to attend on Horſe-back at ſuch an
what Help he would; and to went Hour, and had not the leaſt Intima-
with him into the Iſle of Wight, and tion of his Majeſty's Purpoſe:what he
was lodg'd at Cariſbrook-Caſtle;' at firſt intended to do. Another Particular,
with all Demonſtration of Reſpect and which was acknowledged by Hammond,
Duty.
did him much Credit, that when
It never appear'd afterwards that Hammond demanded that Aſhburnham
the King was . maliciouſly betray'd to ſhould remain with him whilft, the o-
this unhappy Peregrination, by the ther, went to the King, which Alpburn-
Treachery and Practice of thoſe he ham refuſed to do, Berkley did offer
truſted; and his Majeſty himſelf never himſelf to remain with him whilſt
entertain'd the leaſt Jealouſy or Suf- Aſhburnham ſhould attend his Majeſty:.
.
picion of it; yet the whole Deſign ap- fo that the whole Weight of the Pre-
peard ſo weakly contriv'd, 'that not judice and Reproach was caſt upon,
being ſure of a Ship, if the Reſolution Apburnbam; who was known to have
was ſet for embarking, which was ne- ſo great an Intereſt in the Affections of
ver manifeft, the making Choice of his Majeſty, and fo'great an. Influence
the Iſle of Wight, and of Hammond to upon his Counſels and Reſolutions,
be truſted, fince nothing fell out which that he could not be ignorant of any
was not to be reaſonably foreſeen, and Thing, that mov'd him.
expected, and the bringing him to The not having a Ship ready.,
Tichfield, without the Permiſſion of were intended, was unexcuſable; and
the King, if not directly contrary to the putting the King into Hammond's
5
Hands
it
by Cronrvell; where he remain'd till his fion of Jealouſy by any Contradictions,
560 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Hinds without his leave, could never turn'd, moſt of thoſe of greateſt Re-
be wiped out. There were ſome who putation, as the Marquis of Hertford,
faid, 'that Aſhburnham reſolv'd that and the E.ırl of Southampton, gave
the King ſhould go to the Iſle of him a good Teſtimony; yer then, the
Wight, before he left Hampton-Court; old Diſcourſes were revived, and Ma-
and the Lord Langdale often ſaid, That jor Huntington did affirm, That Mr.
being in Mr. Aſhburnham’s Chamber' Alburnham did intend the King ſhould
at that Time, he had the Curioſiy, go the Iſle of Wight, before be left
whilſt the other went out of the Room, Hampron-Court. Many who did not
to look upon a Paper that lay upon the . believe him to be corrupted, did ſtill
Table; in which was writ, that it think that Cromwell and Ireton had
would be beſt for the King to withdraw over-witted him, and perſwaded him,
from the Army, where he was in ſuch upon great Proiniſes, that it ſhould
Danger; and that the Iſle of Wight prove for his Majeſty's Benefit, and
would be a good Retreat, where Colonel that they ſhould the ſooner do his Bu:
Hammond commanded; who was a fineſs, that he ſhould withdraw from
very honeſt Man. And this was fome the Army, and put himſelf into Hama
Days before his Majeſty remov’d. mord's Hands; for if in truth Trani-
And then it was obſerv'd, that Ham- portation had been thought of, it is
mond himſelf left the Army but two hard to believe that a Ship would not
or three Days before the King's Re- have been provided.
move, and went to the Ine of Wight The ſudden unexpected withdraw-
at a Seaſon when there was no viſible ing of the King, made a great Im-
Occaſion to draw him thither, and preſſion upon the Minds of all Men;
when the Agitators in the Army were every Man fancying that his Majeſty
at higheſt; and it was looked upon would do that which he wiſhed hế
with the more Wonder, becauſe Aſh- would do. The Preſbyterians iina-
burrihan was not afterwards call'd in gined that he lay concealed in the
Queſtion for being inſtrumental in the City (whịch they unreaſonably thought
King's going away, but liv'd unque he mighie eaſily do) and would expect
ſtión'd long after in the Sight of the a proper Conjunctures upon a new
Pırliament, and in Converſation with Rupture between the Parliament and
ſome of the Officers of the Army, who the Army, and the many Factions in
had moſt deceiv'd him; and, which the Army, which every Day appear'd;
was more. cenſured than all the reſt, to diſcover himſelf. The Cavaliers
that, after the Murder of the King he hoped that he would tranſport himſelf
compounded, as was reporteds at an into the Parts beyond the Seas, and
ea!y Rate, and liv’dat Eaſe; and grew quietly attend there thoſe Alterations
rich, for many Years togeçker without at home, which might probably in a
Interruption.
ſhort Time invite his Return: The
On the other Hand, he preſerv'd Army was not without this Apprehen;"
his Reputation and Credit with the fion; as imagining it the worſt chat
moſt eminent of the King's Party; could fall out to their Purpoſes.
and his remaining in England was up And now the Parliament maintain'd
on èhie Marriage of a Lady by whom no färcher Conteſts with the Army,
hë.'had a great Fortune, and many but tamely ſubmitted to whatſoever
other Conveniencies, which would they propoſed; the Preſbyterians in
hive been ſeized by his leaving the boch Houſes, and in the City, being
Kingdom; and he did fend over to
ini a terrible Agony, that ſome cloſe
the King, and had leave to ſtay there; Correſpondencies they had held with
and fomecimes ſupplied the King with the King during his Abode at Hamp-
conſiderable Sums of Money. After- ton-Court, would be diſcover'd; and
Death; and the King was known to leaving it to their Clergy to keep the
have had, to the laft, a clear Opinion Fire burning in the Hearts of the Peo-
of his Affection and Integrity and ple by their : Pulpit. Inflammations ;
when King Charles the Second re and they ſtoutly diſcharged their Truſt.
.
.
5
But
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
461
But Cromwell had more Çauſe to which appear'd a great Party. The
fear a Fire in his own Quarters, and Suppreflion of this Licence, put Crom-
that he had raiſed a Spirit in the Arwell to the Expence of all his Cunning,
my which would not eaſily be quieted Dexterity, and Courage ; ſo that after
again. The Agitators, who were firſt he had cajoled the Parliament, as if
form'd by him to oppoſe the Parlia- the Preſervation of their Authority
ment, and to reſiſt the deſtructive had been all he cared for and took to
Doom of their diſbanding, and like- Heart, and ſent ſome falſe Brothers to
wiſe to prevent any Inconvenience, or comply
, in the Counſels of the Con-
Miſchief, that might reſult from the ſpirators, by that means having No-
drowſy, dull Humour of Fairfax į tice of their Rendezvous, he was un-
who wiſhed nothing that Cromwell expectedly found with an ordinary
did, and yet contributed to bring it Guard at thoſe Meetings; and, with
all to paſs : Theſe Agitators, had a marvellous Vivacity, having aſk'd
hitherto tranſcribed faithfully, all the fome Queſtions of thoſe whom he ob-
Copies he had given them, and offer'd ſerv'd moſt active, and receiving in-
ſuch Advices to the Parliament, and folent Anſwers, he knock'd two, or
inſiſted upon ſuch Expoftulations and three of them in the Head with his
Demands, as were neceſſary, whilſt own Hand, and then charged the reſt
there was either any Purpoſe to trçat with, his Tioops, and cook ſuch a
with the King, or any Reaſon to flat- Number of them as he thought fit;
ter his Party. But now the King was whereby he preſently cauſed lome to
gone from the Army, and in ſuch a be hanged, and ſent others to London
Place as the Army could have no re to a more formal Trial. By cwo or
courſe to him, and that the Parlia- three ſuch Encounters, for the Obſti-
ment was become of ſo ſoft a Temper, nacy continued long, he totally ſub-
that the Party of the Army that was in dued that Spirit in the Army, though
ity, could make all neceſſary, Impreſſion is continued and encreaſed very much
upon them, he deſir'd to reſtrain the in the Kingdom; and if it had not
Agitators from that. Liberty which been encounter'd at that Time with
they had ſo long enjoy'd, and to keep that rough and briſk Temper of Croma
them within ſtricter Rules of Obedi: well, it would preſently have produced
ence to their Superiors, and to hinder all imaginable Confuſion in the Par-
their future Meetings, and Conſulta- liament, Army, and Kingdom.
tions concerning the ſettling the Go All Oppoſition being thus quieted,
vernment of the Kingdom ; which, and Cromwell needing no other Al-
he thought, ought now to be ſolely fiſtance to the carrying on his Deſigns,
left to the Parliament; whoſe Autho- than the preſent Temper and Inclina-
rity, for the preſent, he thought beſt tion of the Parliament, they fent a
to uphold, and by it to eſtabliſh all Meſſage to the King, briefly pro-
that was to be done. But the Agita- pofing, That he would forthwith grant
tors would not be diſmiſs'd from State kis Royal Allent. to four Acts of Parlia-
Affairs; of which they had .fo pleaſant ment; which they then ſent to him.
a Reliſh; nor be at the Mercy of the By one of them, he was to confeſs the
Parliament, which they had ſo much. War to have been raiſed by him againſt
provoked ; and therefore wben they the Parliaments and ſo that he was
were admitted no more to Conſulta: guilty of all the Blood that had been
tions with their Officers, they conti- Spilt. By another, he was totally to
nued their Meetings without them; diſolve the Government of the Church by
and thought there was as great need to Biſhops, and to grant all the Lands be-
reform their Officers, as any part of longing to the Church to ſuch Ules. As
the Church or State. They enter'd they propoſed ; leaving the ſetiling a fue
into new Aſſociations, and made ma ture Government in the Place thereof to
ny Propoſitions to their Officers, and farther Time and Counſels. By a third,
to che Parliament, to introduce an E- he was te grant, and ſettle the Militja
quality into 'all Conditions, and a in the Manner and in the Perfons pro-
Parity among all Men; from whence, poſed, reſerving not so much Power in
they had the Appellation of Levellers; bimſelf as any Subje&t was capable of.
134
6.A
In
;
462 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
In the laſt Place, be was in effect, to Return without his Anſwer would be
Sacrifice all thoſe who had ſerv’d, or attended with the worſt Conſequen-
adher'd to him, to the Mercy of the ces; and therefore he told them,
Parliament.
That be had ſome Reaſon for having
The Perſons who were ſent with deliver'd it to them in that Manner;
theſe four Bills, had Liberty given to but, if they would give him their
expect the King's Anſwer only four Words, that the communicating it to
Days, and were then required to re- them should be attended with no Preju-
turn to the Parliament. With the dice to bim, he would open it, and
Commiſſioners of Parliament there cauſe it to be read; which they readily
came likewiſe the Commiſſioners of undertook (as in truth they knew no
Scotland, who, after the four Bills Reaſon to ſuſpect it) and thereupon
were deliver'd, and read to the King, he open'd it, and gave it one to read.
the very next Day, deſir'd an Audi- The Anſwer was, That. his Majeſty
ence; and, with much Formality and had always thought it a Matter of
Confidence, deliver'd a Declaration, great Difficulty to comply in ſuch a
and Proteſtation on the Behalf of the Matter with all engaged Intereſts,
Kingdom of Scotland againſt thoſe that a firm and laſting Peace might en-
Bills and Propoſitions. They ſaid, fue; in which Opinion he was now con-
They were so prejudicial to Religion, firm'd, ſince the Commiſſioners for Scot-
the Crown, and the Union, and In- land do ſolemnly proteſt againſt the ſeve-
tereſt of the Kingdoms, and ſo far dif- rąl Bills and Propoſitions, which the
ferent from the former Proceedings and two Hcuſes of Parliament had preſented
Engagements between the two Kingdoms, to him for his. Ajent; ſo that it was
that ihey could not concur. therein; not poſible for him to give ſuch an An-
end therefore, in the Name of the whole wer as might be the Foundation of a
Kingdom of Scotland, did declare their hopeful Peace
.
Allent. The King had receiv'd Ad The Commiſſioners were no ſooner
vertiſement, that as ſoon as he ſhould gone than Hammond cauſed all the
refuſe to conſent to the Bills, he ſhould King's Servants, who till then had all
preſently be made a clofe Priſoner, Liberty to be with him, to be imme-
and all his Servants ſhould be remov. diately put out of the Caſtle; and
ed from him ; upon which; and, be- forbid any of them to repair thither
cauſe the Commiſſioners had no Power any more ; and appointed a ſtrong
to treat with him, but were only to Guard to reſtrain any Body from go-
receive his poſitive Anſwer, he re- ing to the King, if they ſhould endea-
foly'd that his Anſwer ſhould not be vour it. This exceedingly troubled
known till it was deliver'd to the Par- and ſurprized him, being an abſolute
liament; and that, in the mean Time, Diſappointment of all the Hope he
he would endeavour to make his E- bad left. He told Hammond, That it
ſcape, before 'new Orders could be was not ſuitable to bis Engagement,
fent from Weſtminſter : So when the and that it did not become a Man of
Commiſſioners came to receive 'his Honour or Honeſty to treat him fo, who
Anſwers he gave it to them ſealede bad fo freely put himſelf into his Hands
.
The Earl of Denbigh, who was the He afked him, whether the Commiſ-
chief of the Commiſſioners, and a. fioners were acquainted with his Pur-
Perſon very ungracious to the King, poſe to proceed in this Matter ? To
told him, That though they had no Au- which he anſwer'd, That they were
thority to treat with bim, or to do any not; but that he had an Order from the
thing but to receive his Anſwer, yet Parliament to do as he had done ; and
they were not to be look'd upon as coma. that be faw.plainly by bis Anſwer to
mon Meſſengers, and to carry back an ibė Propoſitions, that he acted by other
Anſwer that they had not ſeen : And, Counſels than food with the Good of,
upon the Matter, refuſed to receive it ; tbe Kingdom.
and ſaid, They would return without This-infolent and imperious Pro-
any, except they might ſee what. Ibey. ceeding, put the Inand (which was
carried.
generally inhabited by a People al.
His Majeſty conceiv'd that their ways well affected to the Crown) into
a
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. :413
at
a high Mutiny, They faid, They quarter'd, with all the circumſtances
would not endure to ſee their King to of Barbarity and Cruelty, which.ſtruck
uſed, and inade a Priſoner. There a wonderful Terror into all Men, this
was at that Time there one Captain being the firſt Precedent of their
Burley, who was of a good Family in having brought any Man to a formal
that Íſland. He had been a Captain legal Trial by the Law to deprivé
of one of the King's Ships, and was him of his Life, and make him guilty
put out of his Command when the of High Treaſon for adhering to the
Fleet rebelld againſt the King; and King.
then he put himſelf into the King's Upon, the Receipt of the King's
· Army, where he continued an Officer Anſwer, there appear'd a new Spirit
of good Account to the End of the and Temper in the Houſe of Com-
War, and was in one of the King's mons; hitherto, no Man had men-
Armies General of the Ordnance. tion'd the King's Perſon without Duty
When the War was an End, and Reſpect, and only lamented, That
he repair'd into his own Country; he was miſled by ervil and wicked Goun-
the Ife of Wight; where many of Jellors; who being removed fram bimit;
his Family ſtill lived in good Re- be might by the Advice of his Parlia-
putation. This Gentleman chanced ment govern well enough. But now:
to be at Newport, the chief Town in upon the Refuſal to paſs theſe Bills;
the Iſland; when the King was thus every Man's Mouth was open'd againſt
treated, and when the People ſeem'd him with the utmoſt Sawcineſs, and
generally to reſent it with ſo much In- Licence ; each Man ſtriving to exceed
dignation, and was ſo much tranſ- the other in the Impudence and Bit-
ported with the fame Fury, being a terneſs of his Invective.' So that, after
Man of more Courage than of Prų- ſeveral Days ſpent in paſſionate De-
dence and Circumſpection, that hebates to this purpoſe, they voted,
cauſed a Drum to be preſently That they would make no more Addreſſes
beaten, and put himſelf at the Head to the King, but proceed towards ſettling
of the People who flockd toge- the Government, and providing for the
ther, and cry'd, For God, the King, Peace of the Kingdom, in ſuch Manner
and the People ; and ſaid, He would as they ſhould judge beſt for the Benefit
lead them to the Caſtle, and reſcue the and Liberty of the Subje&t : Anda
King from his Captivity. The At- Committee was appointed to prepare a
tempt was preſently diſcern'd to be Declaration to inform and ſatisfy the
irrational, and impoſſible; and, by the People of this their Reſolution.
great Diligence and Activity of the It is very true, that within few Days
King's Servants, who had been put after the King's withdrawing from
out of the Caſtle, the People were Hampton-Court, and after it was
quieted, and all Men reſorted to their known that he was in the Idle of
own Houſesbut the poor Gentleman Wight; there was a Meeting of the
paid dear for his ill adviſed and preci- General Officers of the Army at Wind-
pitate Loyalty. For Hammond cauſed for, where Cromwell and Ireton were
him preſently to be made Priſoner; preſent, to conſult what ſhould be
and the Parliament; without Delay, now done with the King. For,
ſent down a Commiſſion of Oyer and though Cromwell. was weary of the
Terminer. ; in which an infamous Agitators, and reſolv'd to break their
Judge, Wild, whom they had made Meetings, and though the Parliament
Chief Baron of the Exchequer for ſuch concurrd in all he defir'd, yet his en-
Services, preſided; who cauſed, poor tiſe Confidence was in the Oficers of
Burley to be, with all Formality, in- the Army; who were they wḥo ſway!
dicted of high Treaſon for levying the Parliament, and the Army itſelf
War againſt the King, and engaging to bring what he intended to.pals
.
the Kingdom in a new Wars of At this Conference the. Preliminaries
which the Jury. they had brought to- whereof were always Faſtings, and
gether, found him guilty; upon which Prayers, made at the very Council bý
their Judge condemn’d him, and the Cromwell or Ireton; or ſome other in-
honeſt Man was hang’d, drawn, and ſpired Perſons, as moſt of the Officers
were
)
5
464
The Hifiory of the Rebellion
were, it was reſolvd, That the King dreſs to him, they did, upon the Matter,
jould be proſecuted for his Life as a declare that they were no longer a Por-
Criminal Perſon: Of which his Ma- liament; and then, bow could the Peo-
jeſty was advertiſed ſpeedily by Wat- ple. look upon them as ſuch? This be-
son, Quarter Maſter General of the ing boldly preſs'd by a Man of that
Army; who was preſent; but his Ma- Learning and Authority, - who had
jeſty was not eaſily perſwaded to give very ſeldom not been believ'd, made
Credit to the Information ; though he a great Impreſſion upon all Men who
expected, and thought it very proba- had not proſtituted themſelves to
ble, that they would murder him, he Cromwell, and his Party. But the
did not believe they would attempt it other Side meant not to maintain their
with that Formality, or let the People Reſolution by Diſcourſes, well know-
know their Intentions.
ing where their Strength lay; and ſo
This Declaration of making no ſtill called for the Queſtion; which
more Addreffis found much Oppoſi- was carried by a Plurality of Voices,
tion in the Houſe of Commons, in re as they foreſaw it would.
ſpect of the particular Reproaches When this Declaration was thus
they had now caft upon the Perſon of paſſed the Commons, and by them
the King, which they had heretofore, ſent to the Houſe of Peers for their
in their own publiſh'd Declarations to Concurrence. The Manner of the
the People, charged upon the evil Matter was of that Importance as to
Counſellors, and Perſons about him; need much Debate; but, with as lit-
and ſome Perſons had been fentenc'd, tle Formality as was poſſible, it had
and condemn'd, for thoſe very Crimes the Concurrence of that Houſe, and
which they now accuſed his Majeſty was immediately printed, and pub-
of.. But there was much more Excep- liſhed, and new Orders ſent to the
.tion to their Concluſion from thoſe Ife of Wight; for the more ſtrict
Premiſes,' that therefore they would looking to, and guarding the King,
addreſs themſelves no more to him that he might not eſcape.
and John Maynard, a Member of the The publiſhing this. Declaration
Houſe, and a Lawyer of great Emi. wrought very different Effects in the
nence, who had too much complied Minds of the People, from what they
and concurred with their irregular and expected it would produce; and it
unjult Proceedings, after he had with appear'd lo publickly deteſted; that
great Vehemence oppoſed, and con- many who had ſerv'd the Parliament
tradicted the moſt odious Parts .of in feveral unwarrantable Employa
their Declaration, told them.plainly, ments and Commiſſions, from the Be-
That by this Reſolution of making no ginning of the War, in the City and
more Addreſſes to the King, they did, in the Country, withdrew themſelves
as far as in them lay, diſolve the Par- from the Service of the Parliament;
liament; and that, from the Time of and much inveigh'd againſt it, for
That Determination, be knew not with declining all the Principles upon
what Security, in point of Law, they which they had engaged them.
could meet together, or any Man joyn The King being in this melancho-
with them in their Counſels : That it lick neglected Condition, and the
was of the Elence of Parliament, that Kingdom poſſeſſed by the new Rulers,
they mould upon all Occaſions repair to without controul, in the new Method
the King; and that his Majeſty's Re- of Government, where every Thing
fuſal at any 'Time yo receive their Pe was done, and ſubmitted to, which
titions, or to admit- their Addreſſes, they propounded, they yet found that
bad been always held the bigheſt Breach there was no Foundation laid for their
of their Privilege, becauſe it tended to Peace and future Security; that beſide
their Diſſolution without diſſolving them: the general Diſcontent of the Nation,
and therefore if they ſhould now, on which for the preſent they did not
their Paris, determine that they' would fear, they were to expect new Trou-
receive no more Meſages from him bles from Ireland, and from Scotland;
(which was likewiſe a part of their which would, in the Progreſs have an
Declaration) nor make any more Ad- Influence upen England.
5
In
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 465
In Ireland, though they were pof- 'ing to the Party they were of; every
feffed of Dublin, and upon the matter, Day thoſe received Benefit who ind
of the whole Province of Munfter, by appear'd moſt to adhere to the Arny;
the Aivity of the Lord. Inchiquin, the notorious. Preſbyterians were re-
and the Lord Broghill; yet the Iriſh moved from Places, of Profit and Au-
Rebels had very great Forces, which thority ;- which vexed them; and well
cover'd all the other Parts: of the prepared and diſpoſed them to be rea-
Kingdom. But they had no kind of dy for Revenge · But the Pulpit-
Fears of the Iriſh, whom they van- Skirmiſhes . were higher than ever ;
quiſhed as often as they ſaw, and ne the Preſbyterians, in thoſe Fields,
ver declined fighting upon any Ine- looſing nothing of their Courage, hav-
quality of Number : They had an ing a notorious Power in the City,
Apprehenſion of another Enemy. The notwithſtandig the Emulation of the
Marquis of Ormond had often attended Independents, who were more learned
the King at Hampton-Court, and had and rational ; who, though they had
great
Reſort to him, whilſt: he ſtay'd not ſo great Congregations of the
in London, by all thoſe who had ſerv'd Common People, yet infected, and
the King, and not leſs by thoſe who were follow'd: bý; the moſt ſubſtantial
were known to be unſatisfied with the and wealthy Citizens; and by others
Proceedings both of the Parliament of better Condition. To theſe Men
and the Army; and by the Scottiſh Cromwell, and moſt of the Officers of
Commiſſioners, who had frequently the Army adhered, with Bitterneſs a-
private Meetings with him; inſomuch gainſt the other. But the Divinity of
as the Officers of the Army, who gave the Time was not to be judged by the
the firſt Motion to all extravagant - Preaching, and Congregations in
Acts of Power, had reſolv'd to have Churches,' which were now thought
apprehended and impriſon!d him, as not to be the fit and proper Places for
à Man worthy of their Fear, though Devotion and Religious, Affemblies,
they had nothing to charge him with; where the Biſhops had exerciſed ſuch
and by his Articles he had Liberty to illimited :Tyranny, and which had
ſtay fix Months where he would in. been polluted by their original Cortina
England (which Time was little more fecrations. Libercy of Confoience was
than half expired) and then he might now become the great Charter; and
tranſport himſelf into what Part he Men who were inſpired; preached and
deſired beyond the Seas. The Mar- prayed, when, and where they would.
quis had Notice of this their Purpoſe; Cromwell himſelf was the greateſt
and having conferr’d with his Majeſty. Preacher; and moſt of the Oficers of
as much as was' neceffary, upon a rea the Army, and many Common Sol-
ſonable Foreſight of what was like to diers; ſhew'd their Gifts that way.
fall out, ſhortly after, or about the Anabaptiſts grew very numerous
Time that the King left Hampton- with whom the Independents con-
Court, he in diſguiſes and without curr'd' ſo far as to joyn with them for:
being attended by more than one Ser- the utter. aboliſhing of Tithes, as of
vant, rid into Suſſex; and in an ob- Judicial Inſtitution; which was now
ſqure and unguarded Port or Har- the Patrimony of the : Preſbyterians,
bour, put himſelf on board a Shallop, and therefore proſecuted by one Party,
which fafely tranſported him into and defended by the other, with equal
Normandy ; from whence- he waiced Paſſion and Animoſity. If any honeſt
upon the Queen and the Prince of Man could have been at fo much Eaſe
Wales, at Paris ; to whom he could as to have beheld the Pro.pect with
not but be very welcome.
Delights. never was ſuch a Scene of
In the Parliament; there was- no Confuſion, as at this Time had ſpread
Oppoſition or 'Contradiction - in any itſelf over the Face of the whole King.
Thing relating to the Publicks but in dom...?
all thoſe' Tranſactions which concern'd . · During all this Time, the Prince
particular Perſons, with Reference to Feinain'dät Paris under the Govern-
Rewards, Preferments, or Matter of ment of his Mother; exerciſed with
Profit, Men were confider?d actord. that Strictneſs, that though his High-.
135
6 B
neſs
466
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
neſs was above the Age of ſeventeen his Deſigns in Ireland; where he
Years, it was not deſired that he longed to be, whilſt the Affairs of
ſhould meddle in any Buſineſs, or be that Kingdom were no more taken to
ſenſible of the unhappy Condition the heart by the Parliament, who had yet
Royal Family was in. The Aſignation fent no Supplies thither. He inform'd
which was made by the Court of the Queen, and the Lord Jermyn, of
France for the better Support of the the Neceſſity of haftning that Work,
Prince, was annexed to the Monthly which they underſtood well enough
Allowance given to the Queen, and by the Iriſ Commiſſioners; who had
receiv'd by her, and diſtributed as ſhe been there, and had been ſent back
thought fit; ſuch Cloaths and other with a million of Promiſes, a Coyn
Neceffaries provided for his Highneſs that Court always abounded with,
as were thought convenient; her Ma- and made moſt of its Payments in.
jeſty deſiring to have it thought that When the Queen, who was as zea-
the Prince lived entirely upon her, lous for the Diſpatch, as was poſſible,
and that it would not conſiſt with the preſſed the Queen Regent, and the
Dignity of the Prince of Wales to be Cardinal, upon it, ſhe receiv'd iní
à Penſioner to the King of France. Words all the Satisfaction imaginable,
Hereby none of his Highneſs's Ser- and Allurance that all Things ſhould
vants had any Pretence to aſk Money, be ſpeedily provided; and when the.
but they were to be contented with Marquis ſpoke firſt with the Cardinal
what ſhould be allow'd to them ; upon the Subject, he found him well
which was diſpenſed with a very ſpar- diſpoſed; and making ſuch ample
ing Hand; nor was the Prince himſelf Promiſes for a very good Sum of Mo-
ever Maſter of ten Piſtoles to diſpoſe as ney, and ſuch a Proportion of Arms
he deſir’d. The Lord Jermyn was and Ammunition, as could be wiſh'd.
the Queen's chief Officer, and go. So that he thought he had no more to
vernd all her Receipts, and he lov'd do, but to appoint the Place for his
Plenty ſo well, that he would not be Embarkation, that thoſe Proviſions
without it, whatever others ſuffer'd. might be ſent thither to meet him;
All who had any Relation to the and that he ſhould be ready to tranſ-
Prince, were to implore his Aid; port himſelf within a very ſnort Time;
and the Prince himſelf could obtain of which he gave Notice to thoſe who
noching but by him; which made expected him in Ireland, and prepared
moſt Perfons of Honour of the En- all his own Accommodations accord.
gliſh Nation who were driven into ingly. But he was very much difap-
B.iniſhment, as many of the Nobility pointed in his Expectation; the Car-
and chief Gentry of the Kingdom then dinal was not ſo confident of the Re-
were, chooſe rather to make their Re. covery of the King's Affairs, : as to
ſidence in any other Place, as Caen, diſoblige the Parliament by contribut-
Roan, and the like, than in Paris, ing towards it : So that Affair ad-
where the Prince was, and could do vanced very ſlowly.
ſo little : Nor was this @conomy In the mean while Cromwell had
well liked even in France, nor the for the quieting the Clamours from
Prince himſelf ſo much reſpected as Ireland, gat. the Lord Life, eldeſt
he would have been if he had livd Son to the Earl of Leiceſter, to be ſeen
more like himſelf, and appear'd more under the Title of Lord Lieutenant
concern'd in his own Buſineſs. of that Kingdom thither, with a Com-
When the Marquis of Ormond came miſſion for a limited Time. He had
thịther, he was receiv'd very gra- landed in Munſter, either out of the
ciouſly by the. Queen, and conſulted Jealouſy they had of the Lord Inchi-
with in all Things, being the Perfon quin, or becauſe the beſt part of their
moſt depended upon to begin to give Army of Engliſh were under his Com-
a Turn to their Fortune, recommend. mand in that Province. But that Ex-
ed to them by the King, and of the pedition gave the Engliſh no Relief,
moſt univerſal Reputation of any Sub nor weaken'd the Power or Strength
ject the King had. He preſſed a of the Iriſh, but rather increaſed their
ſpeedy Diſpatch, that he mighc purſue Reputation by the Faction and Bitter-
5
neſs
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 457
neſs that was between the Lieutenant and who had gotten a great Name in
and the Preſident, who writ Letters the Army: He formalized ſo long
one againſt the other to the Parliament, upon this, that Ireland remaind
where they had both their Parties ſtill unſupplied, and their Affairs
which adhered to them. So that, the there ſeem’d to be in a very ill
Time of his Cominiſſion being expired, Condition.
and the contrary Party not ſuffering it' The Scots, about this Time, gave
to be renew'd, the Lord Life re ſuch conſtant Advertiſements of the
turn'd again into England, leaving Impatiency of their Countrymen to be
the Lord Inchiquin, whom he meant in Arms for the Kng, though they
to have deſtroyed, in the entire Por- made no Hafte in providing for ſuch
feffion of the Command, and in greater an Expedition, that both the Preſby-
Reputation than he was before. And, terians, who were their chief Correſ-
in truth, he had preſerv'd both with pondents, and the Royal Party,
wonderful Dexterity, expecting every bethought themſelves how they
Day the Arrival of the Marquis of might be ready; the one, that they
Ormond, and every Day informing the might redeem themſelves from their
Parliament of the ill Condition he former Guilt, and the other, that
was in, and preſſing for a Supply of they might not only have a good'
Men and Money, when he knew they Part in freeing the King from his Im-
would ſend neither.
priſonment, but be able to preſerve
Upon the Return of the Lord Liſle, him in Liberty from any Impoſitions,
the Preſbyterians cauſed Sir William which they ſtill apprehended the Scots
Waller to be named for Deputy or might endeavour to impoſe.
Lieutenant of Ireland, the rather The Earl of Holland, who had done
(over and above his Merit, and the twice very notoriouſly amiſs, and had
Experience they had had of his Ser. been, ſince his Return from Oxford,
vice) becauſe he could quickly draw notably deſpiſed by all Perſons of Crè-
together thoſe Officers and Soldiers dit in the Parliament and the Army,
which had ſerv'd under him, and had a Mind to redeem his former
were now diſbanded, and would wil. Faults by a new and thorough En-..
lingly again engage under their old gagement. He had much Credit by
General. At the firſt, Cromwell did Deſcent and by Alliance with the
not oppoſe this Motion, but conſent- Preſbyterian Party, and was privy to
ed to it, being very willing to be rid the Undertaking of Scotland, and had
both of Waller, and all the Officers conſtant Intelligence of the Advance
who were willing to go with him, that was made there. His Brother,
who he knew were not his Friends, the Earl of Warwick, had undergone
and watch'd an Opportunity to be ſome Mortification with the reſt, and
even with him. But when he ſaw had not that Authority in the Naval
Waller inſiſt upon great Supplies to Affairs as he had uſed to have,
carry with him, as he had reaſon to though he was the High Admiral of
do, and when he conſider'd of what England by Ordinance of Parliament,
Conſequence it might be to him and and had done them extraordinary Ser-
all his Deſigns, if a well form'd and vices. He did not reſtrain, or endea-
diſciplined Army ſhould be under the vour to ſuppreſs the Earl of Holland's
Power of Walter, and ſuch Officers, Diſcontents, but inflamed them, and
he chang'd his Mind; and firſt ſet promiſed to joyn with him, as many
his Inſtruments to croſs ſuch a Sup. others of that Gang of Men did ré-
ply of Men and Money, as he had ſolving that the Scots ſhould not do all
propoſed; The one as more than necef- that Work, but that they would have
fary for the Service, and the other, as. a Share in the Merit. The Duke
more than they could ſpare from their of Buckingham, and his Brother, the
other Occaſions : And when this Check Lord Francis Villiers, were newly re-
was put to Waller's Engagement, he. turn’d. from Travel, and though both
cauſed Lamberi to be propoſed for very young, were ſtrong and active
that Expedition, a Man who was then. Men, and being in reſpect of their
faſt to the fame Intereſt he embraced, Infancy; uningaged in the late War,
and
.
468
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and ſo unhurt by it, and coming now chinations were known, chofe rather
to the Poſſeſſion of large Eſtates, to run the Hazaad of all that ſuch a
which they thought they were obliged looſe Combination could produce;
to venture for the Crown upon the than, by ſeizing upon Perſons, to en-
firſt Opportunity, they fall eaſily into gage the Parliament in Examinations,
the Friendſhip of the Earl of Holland, and in Parties ;, the Inconvenience
and were ready to embark themſelves whereof he apprehended more; find-
in his Adventure. The Earl had made ing already that the Preſbyterian Party
tender of his Reſolutions to his old had ſo great an Influence upon the
Miſtreſs the Queen at Paris, who was General, that he declar'd to him, he
always diſpoſed to truſt him, and the would not march againſt the Scots,
Lord Jermyn and he renew'd their whom he had a good Mind to have
former Friendſhip, the Warmth where viſited before their Counſels and Re-
of had never been extinguiſhed. ſolutions were form’d; and Cromwell
So a Commiſſion was ſent from the had Reaſon to believe, that Fairfax
Prince to the Earl to be General of would be firm to the fame Mind, even
an Army, that was to be raiſed for after they ſhould have invaded the
the Redemption of the King from Kingdom.
Priſon, and to reſtore the Parliament All Things being in this Forward-
to its Freedom. The Earl of Peter- neſs in England, it is fit to enquire:
borough, and John Mordaunt his Bro- how the Scots complied with their 0-
ther, the Family of the Earl of North- bligations, and what Expedition they
ampton, and all the Officers who had uſed in raiſing their Army. After the
ſervd the King in the War, with Commiſſioners return from London,
which the City of London, and all upon the King's being made Priſoner
Parts of the Kingdom abounded, ap. in the Iſle of Wight, it was long be-
plied themſelves to the Earl of Hol- fore the Marquis of Argyle could be
land, and receiv'd Commiſſions from prevailed with to conſent that a Par-
him for ſeveral Commands.
liament ſhould be called. He had
This Engagement was ſo well made a faſt Friendſhip with Cromwell
known, and ſo generally ſpoken of, and Vane; and knew that in this new
that they concluded that the Parlia- Stipulation with the King, the Ha-
ment durft not take Notice of it, or miltonian Faction was the great Un-
wiſh'd well to it. And there is no dertaker, and meant to have all the
Queſtion, never Undertaking was car Honour of whatſoever ſhould follow.
ried on with ſo little Reſervation; And yet the Duke upon his Return to
there was ſcarce a County in England, Scotland liv'd at firſt very privately at
in which there was not ſome. Aſſocia- his own Houſe; feldon went abroad
tion enter'd into to appear in: Arms for to any Meeting; and to thoſe who
the King. They who had the prin- came to him, and to whom that Re-
cipal Command in Wales under the ſolution would be grateful, he uſed to
Parliament, fent to Paris to declare, ſpeak darkly, and as a Man that
That if they might have Supply of Arms. thought more of Revenge upon thoſe
and Ammunition, and a reaſonable Sum. who had impriſon'd him, than of af-
for the Payment of their Garriſons, fiſting the Crown to recover the Au-
they would declare for the King, baving thority it had loſt. Argyle, whole
the chief Places of thoſe Parts in their Power was over that violent Party of
Cuſtody. The Lord Jermyn encourag: the Clergy which would not depart
ed thoſe Overtures with moſt poſitive from the moſt rigid Clauſe in the Co-
Undertaking, that they ſhould be ſup- venant, and were without any Reve-
plied with all they expected, within rence for the King or his Govern-
ſo many Days after they ſhould. de. ment, diſcern'd that he ſhould never
clare ; which they depended upon, be able to hinder the calling of a Par-
and he, according to his Cuftom, ne- liament, which the People generally
ver thought of after ; by which the called for, and that he ſhould ſooner
Service miſcarried, and many gallant obtain his Ends by puzzling their Pro-
Men were loſt,
·ceedings, and obſtructing their Deter-
Cromwell, to whom all theſe Ma- minations, after they ſhould be affem-
3
bled,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 469
N
bled, than by obſtinately oppoſing Army; and that it would then quickly
their coming together. So Summons appear that the Parliaments of both
were iſſued for the Convention of a Kingdons deſired the fame. Thing, and
Parliament; and they who appear’d to live happily under ibe Government of
moſt concern'd for the King, and to the ſame King.
ſet him at Liberty from his Impriſon This Diſcourſe;. feconded by many
ment, (which was all they pretended) of the principal Men; was entertain'd
were the Earl of Lanrick, Brother to by the reſt with fo general a Recep-
Duke Hamilton, and then reſtored to tion, that Argyle found it would be to
his Office of Secretary of Scotland; no purpoſe directly to contradict or.
who had been impriſon'd at Oxford, oppoſe it. He ſaw the Election of
and made his Eſcape from thence the Knights and Burgeſſes had fucceed,
and the Earl of Lauiherdale; who had ed according to the Wiſhes of the
been with the, forwardeſt from the other Lords, and that they would
Beginning of the Rebellion, when he concur with whatſoever was propoſed;
was ſcarce of Age, and proſecuted it and he found likewiſe that they had
to the End with moſt eminent Fierce- wrought upon the greateſt Part of theit
neſs and Animoſity.
Clergy, who believ'd all they faid to
Theſe two were the chief Managers them. He did not therefore oppoſe
and Contrivers to carry on this Af- any Thing propoſed by them, but
fair; for though the Chancellor, the only deſired, That they would very
Earl of Lowden, had been a Commiſ- well weigh the Manner of their pram
fioner in England, and had made as ceeding in an Affair of for great Con.
many Profeſſions and Proteſtations of cernment, which was like to terminate
Duty to him as they, and indeed was in a bloody War between the two King-
willing to perform them, yet he was Kingdoms ; and he hoped there was no
ſo obnoxious for his looſe and vitious Purpoſe to make any of thoſe Founda-
Life, which was notorious, that he tions which had been laid in the years
durft not provoke Argyle or the Clergy by-paſt, which ſupported that Govern-
by diffenting from them. They uſed ment, and made that Kingdom bappy;
all the Intereſt and Skill they had, to which, if diſſolv'd, all the Miſchief
get ſuch Elections in the Boroughs of and Tyranny they had formerly felt of
Members for the Parliament as might undergone, would break in upon them
comply with them; and the People with a Torrent that ſhould deſtroy them.
generally were exceedingly offended, Every body declar'd, That there was
and aſhamed of the infamous Delivery no Purpoſe to fwerve, ir the least Den
up of the King to the Engliſh, to grees from what was eſtabliſh'd for the
which they imputed all the Danger Government in either Kingdom; upon
that threaten'd' them, and the. Res which Argyle acquieſced as ſatisfied;
proach and Infamy-that lay upon their riot doubting but that, in the Profe-
Country; and ſo had great Prejudice .cution of their Counſels, he ſhould
to all Men who were thought to be find Opportunity enough to obſtruct
the Cauſe of it.
the quick Progreſs, and to interrupt
At the opening of the Parliament, the Concluſion, and Execución.
they did all they could to inflame the The Lords who had been in Eng-
People againſt the Army in England; land, and frequented Hampton-Court,
which, they ſaid, Had forced the Par- whilft the King was there, to make
liament there to break the Treaty be- themfelves the more gracious, had
tween the two Kingdoms in their ill treated all the King's Party with all
Uſage of the King, who was impriſon'd manner of Careſſes, and more parti-
by the Army, nor was it in the Power cularly had much applied themſelves
of the Parliament to ſet him at Liberty: to thoſe Gentlemen of the North who
And thérefore they deſired that they lead moſt eminently ſerv'd the King,
sight enter upon thoſe Counſels, which and who had good Fortunes there to
might ſooneſt get an Army together, ſupport their Intereſt. Of this kind
which ſhould no fooner enter England, there were two very notable Men,
but it would find a Conjunktion with Sir Marmaduke Langdale, and Sir
that whole Kingdom, except only the Philip Muſgrave; both Men of plen-
137
6 C
tiful
1
470
T%c Hifiory of the Rebelliun
tiful Erates, the one in Yorkſpire, the when they ſhould be called upon, and
other in Cumberland and Weſtmoreland; in the mean Time ſettled a Way how
who having been in their Time emi to correſpond together, they went into
nent in their Country in the Offices of Scotlend to thoſe who had invited
Juſtices of Peace, and Deputy Lieute- them, and were receiv'd by them
nants, had, in the Beginning of the with Civility enough.
War, engaged themſelves in Com Though the Scotiſh Commiſſioners
mands in the King's Army with great had withdrawn from London, ſhortly
Reputation of diligent and active Offi- after they had proteſted loudly againſt
cers; and continued to the End, and the Proceedings of the Parliament,
bad not after applied themſelves to both in impriſoning the King, and in
make any Compoſition, but expected refuſing to give them leave to repair
à new Opportunity to appear with to him, or to receive from him any
their Swords in their Hands. They Directions or Orders concerning the
were both look'd upon by the Parlia- Government of that Kingdom, and
inent; and the chief Officers of the thought it high Time to provide for
Army, with great Jealouſy, as Men their own Security, by quitting their
worthy to be fear'd, and.could never Station at London, where they receiv'd
be induc'd to comply with then. The every Day Affronts, and their Perſons
Scotiſh. Lerds had not been ſcrupulous were expoſed to Contempt; yet there
to let thoſe two Gentlemen know what were no ſooner Preparations towards a
they intended, and, That they made Parliament in Scotland, than Commif-
no queſtion but they ſpould engage their fioners were ſent from the Lords and
whole Kingdom and Nation to enter into Commons at Westminfter to reſide at
a preſent War with England on the Edinburgh, as if they haped to over-
King's Behalf ; and therefore deſired vote them there too; and it was ev.i-
them, by the Intereſt, and Influence they dent quickly that they were not with-
had. upon the Noribern Counties, to out a ſtrong or at leaſt an active Party
diſpoſe them to a Conjunction with them. there. They were receiv'd with the
And becauſe they knew that they two ſame Shew of Reſpect, and the ſame
were too notorious to ſtay with any Care was taken for their Accommoda-.
Security about London; much leſs in tion, as had been when they firſt came
their own Country, they invited them for contriving of the Covenant not
into Scotland, where they aſſured them,- only the Marquis; of Argyle, and his
They ſhould not only be ſafe, but very Party, very diligently viſited them,
welcome; and should be. Witneſſes of but even the Hamiltonion Faction, and
their Proceedings, and have Parts of they . who were moft follicitous to
their own to get in; as soon as the Sea raiſe the War, attended them as offi.
jon ſhould be ripe.
ciouſly as others, and made the ſame
Theſe Gentlemen, though they had. Profeſſions 10. preſerve the Peace and
been hitherto, unhurt, and whilft the Amity between the two Nations.-
Army made thoſe Profeſſions towards The rigid Party of the Clergy were
the King, had been much courted by never from them, and willinglý, re-
the chief Officers thereofy and had ceiv'd ſuch Preſents and Penſions from
been quarter?d with them as Friends, the Engliſh Commiſſioners, as they.
knew well, now the Maſk was off, were prepared and provided to offer to
that if they did not immediately apply them; and much Money was given to
themſelves to make their Compoſi- make them faſt Friends. By this
tions, they ſhould be apprehended, Means nothing was rēſalv’d, or pro-
and impriſon'd. And therefore, be- poſed in the moſt fecret. Counfels,
ing perſwaded that the Scots would that was not førthwith imparted and
erigage for the King, they accepted made known to them's and they be-
their Invitation, and told them, They haved themſelves as haughtily and im-
ſhould quickly find them in Scotland af- periouſly, as if they had their Army at
ter their own Relurn. Accordingly, hand to ſecond them. They took No-
after having ſecretly ſpent. fome Time tice of the Reſort of ſo many Engliſh.
in their own Countries, and directed to Edinburgh, and that there were
their Friends to be in a Readineſs many who had been in Arms againſt
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
471
the Parliament, and demanded, That poſe they writ to the Queen, and
they might either be baniſhed that King- deſired, that the Prince might be in a
don, or deliver'd to them to be ſent to Readineſs to be with them againſt the
the Parliament.
Time that their Arny should be ready to
They were ſo clamorous in this Ar- merch; which, they aſſured her, ſhould
gument, and found ſo much Counte- be by the Beginning of May. All
nance to their Clamour, that they who which ſeveral Advertiſements, being
had invited the Engliſh thither, had communicated in England, found a
not the Courage to own them; but People too ready to give Credit to
adviſed them underhand, To abſent what was promiſed, and to begin the
themſelves from the Town, till that Work fooner than they ought to have
Starm should be over. And even Sir done; and to begin the Work fooner
Marmaduke Langdale, and Sir Philip than they ought to have done; and
Muſgrave, whom, over and above all yet they were haften'd by ſuch Acci-
the Diſcourſes held with them at Lon- dents, as, in truth, made their Ap-
don, the Scotiſh Lords had ſent to con pearance even neceſſary.
fer with, as they paſſed through the The King, whilſt he was at Hamp-
Northern Parts homewards, and had ton-Court, when he foreſaw that the
then conferred with then, and deſired Army would not comply with him,
them, To prepare all Things with their as he once believ'd, and reſolv'd to.
Friends for the Surpriſał of Berwick get themſelves out of their Hands,
and Carliſle,, when ibe Seaſon ſhould be had directed the Duke of York, who
ripe ; and that they would haſten their was of Years to be truſted with the
Fourney into Scotland, that they might Secret, That, when a fit Opportunity
be out of Danger of Impriſonment; even should be offerid, he should make his
theſe Men were deſired, Either to "Eſcape into the Parts beyond the Seas,
withdraw again from Edinburgh, or and follow the Directions of his Mother ;
to keep their Chambers there, and not and about this Time, when ſo much
to be seen abroad, untill their Army. Action was expected, which probably
hould be raiſed, and ſuch a General might produce many Alterations, 'his.
made choice of as would take care of. Majeſty in all, Places, : found ſome
their Protection. And they did not Way to advertiſe the Duke, That it
conceal from them, that they made would be a very proper Seaſon for him
no doubt but that Duke Hamilton to make his Eſcape. "The Perſon who
ſhould be that General; who often was entruſted to contrive it was Colo-
conferr'd with them in private, and nel Bamfield,, a Man of an active and
always aſſured them, That whatever. inſinuating Nature, and dextrous ez
was, in that place and Seaſon;. dif- nougḥ in bringing any Thing to paſs
courfed of the Covenant, which was that he had the managing of himſelf,
very neceſſary to bring their Deſigns to He had now no Relation ţo the King's
paſs, he should be no ſooner inveſted in Service; he: had ferv'd the King in
the Command bis Friends deſign’d for the late War as a Colonel of Foot,
him, then be would manifest bis Refoa and had not behaved himfelf ſo well
lution to joyn with the King's Party, in it, as to draw any Suſpicion upore
l'pon the true Intereſt of the Crown, himſelf from the other Party, and
without which he would hope for little was in truth much more converfant
Succefs in England; and he deſired with the Preſbyterian Party than with
them, Though they ſaw little Appeara the King's. So that his Repair often
once yet
. of raiſing an Army which would to the place where the Duke of York
be as ſoon finiſhed as begun, by the Me- and the other Children were, drew
thod they were accuſtom’d to uſe, that nothing of Suſpicion upon him.
they would write very earneſtly to their. The Duke and his Brother and Siſter
Friends in England to begin, as soon as were then kept at St. James's, where
might be, to execute_the Deſigns they they had the Liberty of the Garden
had laid, in as many Parts of the King- and Park to walk and exerciſe them:
dom as they could, upon Confidence tkat, felves in, and Lords, and Ladies,
they should receive Relief before they and other Perſons of Condition, were
could be oppreſſed. To the fame pur, not reſtrain'd from reſorting thither to
vifit
5
472
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
whilft he put on Woman's Apparel, receiv'd the Summons, than he be-
viſit theni: in this Manner Bamfield was neceſſary to put a Perſon of better
had been ſometimes there ; and after Quality about his Highneſs, who
he had inform'd the Duke what he mght have a ſuperior Command over
was to do, and found one or two more the other Servant; and becauſe the
to be truſted between them, that he Lord Byron, who had been made
might not become ſuſpected by being Governor of the Duke of York by the
obſerved to ſpeak too often with him, King, was then in England, ſecretly
he provided a ſmall Veffel to be ready attending the Conjuncture to appear
about the Cuſtomi-Houſe, and to have in Arms in a Quarter aſſign’d to him,
its Paſs for Holland, and then adver: Sir John Berkley was ſent by the
tiſed the Duke to be ready in the cloſe Queen to wait upon the Duke, as
of an Evening, when playing, as he Governor in the Abſence of the Lord
uſed to do, with the other Children; Byron, which Bamfield looked upon
in a Room from whence there was a as a Degradation, and bringing the
pair of Stairs to the Garden, he might, Man he hated of all Men living, to
untaken notice of, get thither; from have the Command over him.
whence there was a Door into the About the Middle of May, the
Park; where Bamfield would meet Queen, according to his Majeſty's
him. And this was ſo well adjuſted, Command, ſent to the Chancellor of
that the Duke came at the Hour to the Exchequer to Jerſey, command-
the Place; where the other met him, ing, That be would wait upon the
and led him preſently where a Coach Prince in the Louvre at Paris, upon a
was ready, and ſo carried him into a Day that was paft before the Letter
private Houſe ; where he only ſtay'd came ta bis Hands. But he no fooner
that was provided for him; and pre- took himſelf to his Journey, and to .
fently, with Colonel Bamfield only, tranſport himſelf into Normandy ;
went into a pair of Oars that was rea where after he was landed, he made
dy; fo paſſed the Bridge, and went what Haſte he could to Caen, ſup-
on board the Veſſel that was ready to poſing he ſhould there find Secretary
receive him ; which immediately Nicholas, who had given him Notice,
hoiſted Sail, and arrived ſafe in Hol. That be bad receiv'd the fame Command.
land, without any Man of the Ship When he came to Caen, he found the
having the leaſt Imagination of what Secretary's Lady there, but himſelf
Freight they carried.
was gone to Roan, to the Lord Cota
The Duke, as ſoon as he was on tington, and intended to ſtay there till
Shore, and in a Lodging, reſolving the other ſhould arrive, and to con-
no longer to uſe his Woman's Habit, ſult together there upon their farther
ftay'd there till he advertiſed his Siſter, Journey. The old Earl of Briſtol,
the Princeſs Royal of Orange, of his who' had liv'd likewiſe at Caen, was
Arrival; who quickly took care to gone with the Secretary to Roan, hav-
provide all ſuch Things as were neceſ- ing likewiſe receiv'd the ſame Sum-
fary for his Remove to the Hague; from mons with the others to attend the
whence the Queen was inform’d, and Prince at the Louvre. The Chancel-
fo knew as ſoon almoſt where he was, lor haften'd to Rean, where he found
as ſhe did of his. Eſcape from London. the Lord Cottington, who had ſtill
The Prince was not yet ready for his the Title and Precedency of Lord
Remove, nor was it reſolv'd which High Treaſurer of England, the Earl
way he ſhould go ; ſo that it was of Briſtol, and Secretary Nicholas, who
thought beſt that the Duke ſhould, were all his very good Friends, and
for the preſent, ſtay at the Hague very glad of his Arrival. They had
with his siſter, till farther Reſolu- receivd Advertiſement, the Day be-
tions might be taken ; and though fore, That the Prince, with all his ſmall
the Service which Bamfield had per- Train, was paſſed by towards Calais;
form’d, was very well eſteemid, yet and Direction was ſent, That the Chan-
they thought the making him a cellor, whom they ſuppoſed to be on the
Groom of his Bed-Chamber, would Way, and the reſt should ſtay at Roan,
be an ample Recompenſe, and that it till they ſhould receive new Orders from
Calais,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 473
'to do.
1
1
Calais, where his Royal Highneſs great Part in the firſt alienating the
would take new Meaſures what he was Fleet, and the Affections of the Sea-
So they ſtayed together at men from the King, and had ever
Roan, where there were at the ſame been their Vice-Admiral afterwards,
Time very many Engliſh of Quality in and one of the Perſons upon whom
their own Condition, who were dri- they principally rely'd at Sea: Rains-
ven out of England, as well as they, borough, as long as he remain'd in the
for their Fidelity to the King, and Navý, had been under his Command,
had brought ſomewhat with them for and both the Earl and Batten welí
their Support abroad, till they might knew that this Man' was now made
upon ſome good Change return to Admiral of this Fleet; becauſe they,
their own Country. In the mean being Preſbyterians; ſhould have no
Time they liv'd very decently toge- Influence upon it; which made them
ther in that City; where they were ſollicitous enough that the Seamen
well eſteem'd. The Way between ſhould not be well pleaſed with the
Roan and Calais was ſo dangerous Alteration ; and they look'd upon
without a ſtrong Convoy', that no Rainſborough as a Man that had for
Day paſſed without Robberies, and ſaken them, and preferr'd the Land
Murders, ſo that they were glad of before the Sea Service. The Seamen
their Order not to ſtir from thence, are in a manner a Nation by them-.
till they ſhould receive a very parti- ſelves, a humourous, brave, and ſtur-
cular Direction from the Prince; and dy People ; fierce and reſolute in
within few Days they receiv'd Advice, whatſoever they are inclined to, fome-
That the Prince had, as ſoon as be what unſteady and inconſtant in pur-
came to Calais, put himſelf on board a fuing it, and jealous of thoſe to Mor.
Ship that be found there bound for row by whom they are governd to
Holland, whence they were to hear Day: Theſe Men, obſerving the ge-
from him, how they ſhould diſpoſe of neral Diſcontent of the People, and
themſelves. Whereupon they all re- that, however the Parliament was o-
folv'd, to remove from Roan to Diep, bey'd by the Power of the Army,
from whence they might embark both Army and Parliament were grown
themſelves for Holland if they ſaw very odious to the Nation, and hear-
Cauſe; the Ways by Land, in regard ing ſo much Diſcourſe of an Army
that both the French and Spaniſh Ar- from Scotland ready to enter into the
mies were in the Field, being very Kingdom, concluded that the King
dangerous.
would be reſtored; and then remem-
The Prince's Remove from Paris bring that the Revolt of the Fleet was
on ſuch a ſudden, proceeded from an the Preamble to the Loſs of his Ma-
Accident in England that was very jeſty's Authority every where elſe, and
extraordinary, and looked like a Call a great Cauſe of all his Misfortunes,
from Heaven. The Parliament about thought it would be a glorious Thing
this Time had prepared, according to te them, if they could lead the Way
Cuſtom, a good Fleet of ten or a to his Majeſty's Reſtoration by their
dozen Ships for the Summer Guard, declaring for him. This was an Agi-
and appointed Rainſborough to be Ad- tation among the Common Seamen,
miral thereof; who had been bred at without communicating it to any Offi-
Sea, and was the Son of an eminent cer of the Quality of Maſter of a ship.
Commander at Seå lately dead; but This Inclination was much improv’d
he himſelf, from the Time of the in them by a general Diſpoſition in
new Model, had been an Officer of Kent to an Inſurrection for the King,
Foot in the Army, and was a Colonel and by ſome Gentlemen's coming on
of ſpecial Note and Account, and of board the Ships, according to the
Cromwell's chief Confidents. This Cuſtom of that Country; who foment-
offended the Earl of Warwick much, ed the good Diſpoſition in the Seamen
and diſpoſed him to that Inclination by all the Ways they could.
to concur with his Brother lately men At this very Time there appear'd
tion'd. Captain Batten likewiſe was generally throughout Kent the ſame
as much unſatisfied, who had acted a indigeſted Affeäion to the King, and
138
6 D
Incli.
474
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Inclination to ferve him, as was a- of a noble Birth and Fortune, he being
mong the Seamen, and was conducted Heir to one of the greateſt Fortunes of
with much leſs Order and Caution, that Country, but was to expect the
neither the one nor the other having Inheritance from the Favour of an old
been deſign'd by thoſe who took care Grand-father, who for the preſent
of the King's Affairs, and who de- kept the young Couple from running
fign'd thoſe Inſurrections, which into any Exceſs; the Mother of the
happen'd in other parts of the King. Lady being of as ſour and ſtrict a Na,
dom. They knew nothing, that is, ture as the Grand-father, and both of
contributed nothing to this good Diſ. - them ſo much of the Parliament Party,
poſition in the Seamen, though they that they were not willing any Part of
were not without ſome Hope that, their Eſtates ſhould be hazarded for
upon all other Revolutions, ſomewhat the King. At the Houſe of this Mr.
might likewiſe fall out at Sea to the Hales, Mr. L'Exrange was, when by
Advantage of the King's Affairs. the Communication which that Part of
They had ſome Expectation indeed Kent always hath with the Ships which
from Kent, where they knew the Peo- lye in the Downs, the Report did firſt
ple were generally well affected, and ariſe that the Fleet would preſently
depended upon two or three Gentle- declare for the King, and thoſe Sea-
men of that Country, who had been men who came on Shore talked as if
Officers in the King's Army, and re- the City of London would joyn with
ſolv'd to bring in ſome Troops of them. This drew many Gentlemen
Horſe, when occaſion ſhould be ripe; of the Country who wiſhed well, to
but it was reſolv'd and intended that viſit the Ships, and they return'd more
the Scotiſh Army ſhould be enter'd the confirm'd of the Truth of what they
Kingdom, by which the Parliament had heard. Good-Fellowſhip was a
Army would be upon their March to. Vice ſpread every where, and this
wards them, before they would have young great Heir, who had been al-
any Appearance of Force in the Parts ways bred among his Neighbours, af-
near London; and then they believ'd fected that which they were beſt pleaf-
that both Country and City would riſe ed with, and ſo his Houfe was a Ren-
together. And ſo thoſe Gentlemen of dezvous for thoſe who delighted in
Kent, who were privy to any Deſign, that. Exerciſe, and who every Day
lay, privately, in London to avoid all brought him the News of the good
Cabals in their Country; ſo that what Inclinations in the Fleet for the King;
now fell out there, was by meer and all Men's Mouths were open a-
Accident, that could never be fore- gainſt the Parliament as well as the
feen, or prevented.
Army. Mr. L'Eſtrange was a Man
There happen'd to be at ſome jovial of a good Wit, and a Fancy very lụx-
Meeting in Kent about that Time, one uriant, and of an enterprizing Nature.
Mr. L'Eſtrange, a younger Brother of He obſervd, by the good Company
a good Family in Norfokl, who had that came to the Houſe, that the Af-
been always of the King's Party, and fections of all that large and populous
for attempting ſomewhat in his own Country were for the King. He be-
Country for his Majeſty's Service, had gun to tell Mr. Hales, That though bis
been taken Priſoner by the Parliament, Grandfather did in his Heart will the
and by a Court of War condemn'd to Kingo well, yet his Carriage had been
die, but being kept in Priſon till the ſuch in his Conjunétion with the Par-
End of the War, was then ſet at Liber- liament, that he had more Need of the
ty, as one in whom there was no more King's Favour than of his Grandfather's
Danger. But he retain’d his old Af- to be Heir to that great Eſtate ; and
fections, and more remember'd the that certainly nothing could be more ac-
cruel Uſage he had receiv'd, than that ceptable to bis Grandfather, or more
they had not proceeded as cruelly with glorious to him, than to be the Inftru-
him as they might have done. He ment of both; and therefore adviſed
had a great Friendſhip with a young him, To put himſelf into the Head of
Gentleman, Mr. Hales, who liv'd in his own Country, which would be wil-
Kent, and was married to a Ladyling to be led by him ; that when the
Scots
:
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
475
1
Scots, were entered into the Northern many other Places; and that bis Mä-
Paris, and all the Kingdom Jould be in jeſty was willing they ſhould have a
Arms, be might, with the Body of Gentleman of their own Country, well
bis Country-men, march towards Lon- known to them to be their General; and
don ; which would induce both the City named Mr. Hales; who was preſent.
and the Parliament to joyn with him, There was not one Man who ſo much
wbereby be should have great ſhare in as aſk'd for any Letter or Commiſſion,
the Honour of reſtoring the King. or other Authority from the King;
The Company that frequented the but all of them, very frankly and un-
Houſe thought the Diſcourſe very animouſly, declared, They would be
reaſonable, and ſaw that the Iffue muſt ready to joyn, and march as their Ge-
be very honourable: The young Ladyneral Håles jould direit; and fo ano-
of the Houſe was full of Zeal for the ther Day and Place was appointed for
King, and was willing her Huſband another Appearanee, and lifting and
ſhould be the Inſtrument of his De- forming their Regiments ; and in the
livery: The young Gentleman himſelf mean time Mr. L'Eſtrange ſet out ſuch
had not been enough converſant in the Declarations, and Engagements, as
Affairs of the World to apprehend he thought moſt like to prevail with
the Danger, or hazard of the At- the People, and required, That they
tempt, and ſo referr'd himſelf and the should be read in all Churches; which
whole Buſineſs to be governed, and was done accordingly. The next Ap-
conducted by Mr. E' Eſtrange, whom pearance was greater than the former ;
they all believed by his Diſcourſe to. and with the fame Forwardneſs,
be an able Soldier. He writ ſome many coming armed both Horſe and
Letters to particular Gentlemen, who Foot, and ſhewing a marvellous Ala-
he was informed would receive them crity to the Engagement. Their Ge-
willingly, and ſign'd Warrants to the neral then gave out his Commiſſions
Conſtables of Hundreds with his own for ſeveral Regiments, and a new Day
Name, which had been never heard was appointed for their Rendezvous,
of in the Country, requiring, In bis when all ſhould come arm’d, and keep
Majeſty's Name, all Perſons to appear, together in a Body, until it ſhould be
at a Time and Place appointed, to ad- fit
to march to London..
viſe together, and to lay boldon ſuch Op It was known that the Fleet. was
portunities, as should be offer'd for re gone out of the Downs, but it was as
lieving the King, and delivering bir well known that it had abſolutely re-
Dut of Priſon. There was an incredi. nounced the Service of the Parliament,
ble Appearance of the Country at the and rejected all their Officers. It was
Place appointed, where Mr. L'Eſtrange eaſy to perſwade the People, that they
appearid with Mr. Hales, and thoſe were gone upon fome important En-
Perſons which had been uſed to their terpriſe, and would ſpeedily return;
Company. Mr. L'Eſtrange ſpoke to it was inſinuated, That it was gone into
them in a ſtyle very much his own ; the Ifle of Wight to releaſe the King, who
and being not very clear to be under: would return with it into Kent ; which
ſtood, the more prevailed over them. made them haften their Preparations.
He ſpake like a Man in Authority, At the Time when the King made
inveighed againſt, the Tyranny of the the Earl of Northumberland Admiral,
Army, which had fubdued the Parlia- he declared, and it was inſerted in his
ment, againſt their barbarous Impriſons Commiſſion, That he should enjoy that
ment of the King, and againſt a Con- Office during the Minority of the Duke
Spiracy they had to Murder bim. He of York; and the Duke having made
added, That the Affeations of that No: his eſcape at this Time, when there was
ble Country were well known to his Msn this Commotion amongſt the Seamen,
jeſty, and that be bad therefore appoint- it was no ſooner known that his High-
ed the Fleet that was in the Downs to neſs was in Holland, but the Sea-men
join with them; and that be doubted talked aloud, That they would go oto
not but they would together be too ſtrong their Admiral; and the Gentlemen of
for bis Enemies, who were like to have Kent ſtirring them up and infaming
enough to do to defend themſelves in them to that Reſolution, and the Sea-
men
476
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
men again preſſing the Gentlemen to Calais, as if they had expected ſome
haiten their riſing in Arms, that they Body there, which was true, for ſome
might affiſt and ſecond cach other, time, was the Reaſon that it was
they both declared themſelves ſooner thought fit that the the Prince (who
than they ought to have done, and had hitherto thought of nothing but
'before they were prepared for an En- being ſent for by the Scots, and how
terprize of that Importance.
to find himſelf with them) ſhould
The Parliament was well informed make all poſſible haſte to Calais
. This
of the Diſteinper amongſt the Sea was the Cauſe of that his ſuddain Mo-
men, and had therefore forborne put- tion, which was yet retarded for want
ting the half of the Proviſions aboard of Money, and all other Things ne-
the Ships, which, for the greateſt ceſſary for his Journey. The Cardinal
Part, lay ready in the Downs, want- ſhew'd no manner of favouring all theſe
ing only half the Victual they were to Appearances of - Advantage to the
have for the Summer Service. But King; he gave leſs Countenance to
thoſe Officers which were on board, Scotland, than he had ever done when
finding they had no Authority, and it was in Rebellion againſt the King;
that the Sea-men mocked and laughed and, notwithſtanding all his Promiles
at them, ſent every Day to inform with reference to Ireland, the Mar-
the Parliament, what mutinous humour quis of Ormond remained ſtill at Paris,
the whole Fleet was in. Whereupon without obtaining Arms or Money in
they ſent Rainſborough and ſome or any Proportion (both which had been
ther Officers thither ; preſuming that promiſed fo liberally) and was, after
the Preſence of the Admiral would all Importunities, compelled to tranſ-
quickly quiet all. He being a Man port himſelf into Ireland without
any
of a rough imperious Nature, as ſoon manner of Supplies, which were ex-
as he came on board'his Ship, begun pected. And now, when the remove
to make a ſtrict Enquiry into the for- of the Prince was ſo behoveful, the
mer. Diſorders and Mutinous Be- Cardinal utterly refuſed to furnith him
haviours, upon which all the Men of with any Money; all which Diſcoun-
his Ship retired into their old Fortreſs tenances were ſhortly after remember'd
of, One and All, and preſently laid to Cromwell, as high Merit.
hold on him, and put him, and ſuch
The Prince's remove was by every
other Officers of the Ship as they liked Body thought ſo neceſſary, that the
not, into the Boat, and ſent them on Lord Jermyn, as was pretended,
Shore. Which was no ſooner known found Means to borrow fo much Mo-
to the reſt of the Ships, but they fol. ney as was neceſſary for the Journey ;
low'd their Example, and uſed their which the King paid long after wich
Officers in the fame Manner. After full Intereſt. Dr. Goffe, a Man well
they had for ſome Days been feaſted known in that Time, as the chief
vand carraſſed by the People of Kent, Agent and Confident of my Lord
ſome of the Gentlemen putting them- Jermyn, was preſently ſent into Hol-
ſelves on board to joyn with them, land, to diſpoſe the Sea-men to be wil-
and in order to aflift them towards ling to receive the Lord Jermyn to
providing ſuch Neceſlaries as were command the Fleet. So ſollicitous
wanting, they went out of the Downs, that noble Man was to be in the Head
änd ſtood for Holland, that they might of any Action that was like to proſper,
find their Admiral and let fáll their how unfit foever he was for ir; having
Anchors before the Brill. What was neither. Induſtry, nor Knowledge of
done by the Gentlemen of Kent on any Thing of the Sea, and being leſs
Shore, and the Succefs thereof, will be beloved by the Sea-men than any Man
related hereafter.
that could be named.. The Prince
This ſo very ſeaſonable Revolt of made what haſte he could to Calais,
the Fleet, in a Conjuncture when, ſo attended by Prince Rupert, the Lord
many Advantages were expected, was Hopton, and the Lord Colepepper, and
looked upon as a fure Omen of the fome other Gentlemen, belides his
Deliverance of the King. And the own Domeſticks; and finding one of
Report that the Ships were before the Engliſh Frigats before. Calais,
and
.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
477
and underſtanding the Duke of York and cauſe him to be diſmiſſed; and
was gone from the Hague to Helvoet. then he believ'd he ſhould be able to
Sluce, and had put himlelf on board govern both his Highneſs and the
the Fleet there, his Highneſs preſently Fleet.
embarked, and made the more Hafte, At the ſame Time Dr. Goffe, who
left his Brother ſhould be in Action was a dextrous Man too, and could
before him, and was receivd at the comply with all Men in all the Acts
Fleet with all thoſe Acclamations and of good Fellowſhip, had gotten Ac-
Noiſes of Joy, which that People quaintance with others of the Seamen,
were accuſtom'd to; they having ex-. and made them jealous of Bamfield's
preſſed as much ſome Days before, at Activity; and endeavour'd to perſwade
the Arrival of the Duke of York. them, That they should all petition the
As ſoon as it was known in Holland Prince (who he knew, would be:
that the Prince of Wales was arriv’d, ſhortly with them:) That the Lord Jer-
the Prince of Orange, with his Wife myn might be made their Admiral;
the Princeſs Royal, came preſently who would be able to ſupply them with
thither to entertain his Highneſs the Money, and whatſoever elſe they want-
beſt that Place would permit, but e-
ed: That there was no Hope, of Money
ſpecially to rejoyce together, having but from France, and that the Lord
not ſeen each other from the Time Jermyn had all the Power and Credit
they were Children. The Prince there, and might have what Money be
found the Fleet in Faction and Diſordeſired; and by theſe Agitations the In-
der, and great Pains had been taken fant Loyalty of the Seamen begun to
to corrupt them. Sir John Berkley's be diſtracted.
coming to the Hague to aſſume the At the ſame Time the Lord Wil-
Government of the Duke of York, had loughby of Parham, who had always
not been acceptable to his Royal adher'd to the Preſbyterians, and was
Highneſs, who was perſwaded by Co- of great Eſteem amongſt then, though
lonel Bamfield, that he had been un he was not tainted with their Princi-
faithful, as well as unfortunate, in his ples, had left the Parliament, and ſe-
Attendance upon the King to the Ine cretly tranſported himſelf into Hollands
of Wight. The Colonel himſelf was and was arriv'd at Roterdam, when
ſo incenſed with it, that he uſed all Bamfield return'd from the Fleet, and
the Skill and Infinuation he had, to went to wait upon the Duke of York
leſſen his Highneſs's Reverence to the at the Hague, Bamfield deliver'd ſuch
Queen, and to diſpute her Commands. a Meſſage from the Fleet as he thought
Then taking the Opportunity of the would haften the Duke's Journey thi-
Fleet's being come to Helvoet Sluce, ther, and told him, The Seamen made
he went thither, and having, as is great Enquiry after the Lord Wil-
faid before, a wonderful Addreſs to loughby, and much longed to have him
the diſpoſing Men to mutiny, and to with them; inſinuating to the Duke,
work upon Common Men, which the That he had much contributed to that
Fleet conſiſted of, there being no Offi- good Diſpoſition in the Seamen, and was
çers for the moſt part, above the Qua- privy to their Revolt, and had promiſed.
lity of a Boatſwaine, or Maſters. Speedily to come to them, and that it would.
Mate, he perſwaded them, To declare be the moſt acceptable Thing bis Highneſs
for the Duke of York, without any re could do to carry him with him to the
Speat to the King or Prince; and when Fleet, and make him his Vice- Admiral.
bis Highneſs ſhould be on board, that The Duke made all imaginable Hafte
they hould not. meddle in the Quarrel to Helvoet Sluce, and immediately
between the King and the Parliament, went on board the Admiral; where he
but entirely joyn with the Preſbyterian was receiv'd with the uſual Marks of
Party, and the City of London; which Joy and Acclamation. He declared
by this Means would bring the Parlia- the Lord Willoughby his Vice-Admiral,
ment to Reaſon : And he prepared and appointed Tome other Officers in
his Friends the Seamen when the the ſeveral Ships, and ſeem'd very de-
Duke ſhould come to them, that they ſirous to be out at Sea. In the mean
would except againſt Sir John Berkley, Time Bamfield continued his Activity :
6 E
and
139
478
Toe Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and the Doctor, finding he had little them ſo many Years, over them again
Hope to raiſe his Patron to the Height at this Time; whole Experience and
he propoſed, did all he could to hin- Government would ſupply the Defects
der the Operation of Bamfield, and and Want of Skill of the Vice-Admi-
took all the Ways he could that the ral, who was very willing to be adviſed
Prince might be advertiſed of it; and by him. But the Prince Thortly after
thereupon haſten his own Journey ; found he was miſtaken in that Expe.
which did likewiſe contribute to the dient, and that the Seamen (who de-
Håſte his Highneſs made. He arriv'd fired to ſerve the King upon the clear
at Helvoet Sluce very ſeaſonably to pre- Principles of Obedience, and Loyalty)
vent many Inconveniences, which did not in any Degree affect Batten,
would have inevitably fallen out; becauſe he had failed in both, and was
and the Seamen, upon his Highneſs's now of a Party, towards whom they
Appearance, return'd again into their had no Veneration. The Truth is,
old chearful Humour, which the the Prince came prepared and diſpoſed
Prince knew would be beſt preſerv'd from the Queen; to depend wholly
by Action, and therefore exceedingly upon the Preſbyterian Party, which,
deſir'd to be at Sea, where he was fure beſides the Power of the Scotiſh Army,
he muſt be ſuperior to 'any force the which was every Day expected to in-
Parliament could in a ſhort Time put vade England, was thought to be pof-
out.. But the Fleet already wanted feffed of all the Strength of the City
many Proviſions, of which Beer was of London ; and the Lord Colepepper,
the chief; which, by the Countenance and Mr. Long, the Prince's Secretary,
and Afliftanee of the Prince of Orange; were truſted by the Queen to keep the
was in a ſhort Time procured in a rea- Prince ſteady and faſt to that Depen-
ſonable Proportion; and then the dances and his Highneſs was injoyn'd
Prince ſet ſail firſt for Yarmouth Road; to be entirely adviſed by them;
then for the Downs; having ſent his though all the other Lords about him
Brother, the Duke of York, with all were of another Mind, and the Prince
his Family to the Hague;' to remain himſelf not inclined that Way. Dr.
there..
Steward, the Dean of the King's Cha-
Though the Duke was exceedingly pel, whom his Majeſty had recom-
troubled to leave the Fleet, which he mended to his Son to inſtruct him in
had been perfwaded to look upon as all Matters relating to the Church,
his Province, yet he could not but ac- and Dr. Earles, and the reſt of his
knowledge, that right Reaſon'would Chaplains, waited diligently upon him
not permit they ſhould both be ven to prevent thoſe. Infuſions. But, by
tur'd at one Time on board the Fleet; thoſe two, the Benefit of this Fleet was
and, the Prince determining to en- principally conſider’d, as a happy
gage his own Perſon, he ſubmitted to Means
Means to put the Prince on Shore,
the Determinations and was well con-. that he might be in the Head of the
tent to remain with his Sifter. The Scotiſh Army; and no doubt if that
Prince did not think fit to remove the. Army had been then enter'd into Eng-
Lord Willoughby from the Charge the gland, as it was very ſhortly after, the
Duke had given him; though he was. Prince would have been directed, with
not much known to the Seamen. But the Fleet, to have follow'd all the Ad-
Captain. Batten coming at the fame vice which ſhould have been ſent from
Time when his Highneſs did to the the Scots.
Fleet, and bringing the Conſtant War In the mean Time it was thought
wick, one of the beſt Frigats the Par- moſt. Counſellable, after the Prince
liament had built, with Jordan, and had failed ſomė Days about the Coaſt,
two or three Seamen of good Com that the Kingdom: might generally
mand, his Highneſs knighted him, know that his Highneſs was there,
and made him Rere-Admiral of the that they ſhould all go into the River
Fleet ; believing, that he could not of Thames, and lye there; by which
do a more popular
, and acceptable they expected two great Advantages;
Thing to the Seamen, than by putting firſt, that the City would be thereby
the ſame Man, who had commanded engaged to declare it felf, when they
faw
I
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
499
ſaw all their Trade obſtructed; and had ſent a Letter to the City of London
that their Ships homewards bound, of inviting them 10 joyn with them; the
which at that Seaſon of the Year, they Earl of Holland, I ſay, and the on
expected many, muſt fall into the thers with him, thought it fit to ſend
Prince's Hands ; and then, that the them all the Countenance, and En-
Preſence of the Prince in the River couragement they could; and there-
would hinder the Parliament from upon diſpatched thoſe Officers who
getting Seamen ; and, from ſetting out had been deſigned for the Troops of
that Fleet which they were preparing that County; when the Seaſon ſhould
to reduce the other, under the Com- be ripe, and who had hitherto lurked
mand of the Earl of Warwick; whom privately in London to avoid ſuſpicion,
they thought fit, in this Exigent; a: They were deſired to call their Friends
gain to imploy, and who, by accept- together, as ſoon as was poſſible, to
ing the Charge, thought he ſhould be joyn with their Neighbours; and
in a better Poſture to chooſe his Party, were told, That they should very fhortly
in any other Alteration that ſhould receive a General from the King : for
happen at Land.
they did not think Mr. Haies equal to
When the Parliament firſt heard of the Work.
the Commotion in Kent, and ſaw the The Earl of Holland had form’d'his
Warrants, which were ſent out and Party of many Officers who had ſerv'd
ſigned by L'Eſtrange, whom no body both the King and the Parliament;
knew (and the Gentlemen of Kent who all which were in the City; and he
fat in the Parliament, aſſured them, had not yet a Mind to call them to.
That there was no ſuch Gentleman in. getheſ, but to expect the 'Appearance
that County, and Sir Edward Hales; of their northern Friendsz
, and there+
who likewiſe was preſent there, told fore conſulting with the reſt, and
them, He was very confident that his finding the Earl of Norwich; who had
Grandſon could not be embarked in ſuch been ſome Months in England under
an Affair) they neglected it, and a Paſs from the Parliament, willing to
thought it a Deſign to amuſe them. engage himſelf in the Conduct of thoſe
But when they heard that the Meetings in Kent, where he was well known
were continued, and ſaw the Declara- and beloved, his Affections and Zeal
tions which were publiſhed, and were for the King'sŞervice being not to be
well aſſured that young Hales appear'd doubted, they reſolved that he ſhould
with them as their General, they - go 'thither; and there being many
thought the Matter worth their Care; blank Commiſſions ready to be diſ-
and therefore appointed their General, poſed as the Service ſhould require,
to ſend two or three Troops of Horſe in- they filled one with his Name, by
to Kent to ſuppreſs that ſeditious Inſur- which the Command of all Kent was
rection; Sir Edward Hales, now ex committed to him, With Power to
cuſing himſelf with Revilings, Threats, lead them any whither as the good of
and Deteſtation of his Grandſon ; the King's Service ſhould make requiſite:
who he proteſted, ſhould never be his. And with this Commiſſion he made
Heir.
hafte-into Kent, and found at Maid-
The Earl of Holland, who had a ſtone a better Body of Horſe and Foot
Commiſſion to be General, and the armed than could have been expected;
reſt who were engaged, were not yet enough in number to have met any
ready, the Scots being not yet enter'd; Army that was like to be brought a-
nor did they underſtand any thing of gainſt them. They all receiv'd him
the Buſineſs of Kent; however when with wonderful Acclamations, and
they were aſſured that they were drawn vowed Obedience to him.
into a Body, and were ſo ſtrong that The Imporţunities from Scotland
the Officers who commanded the with the Preſbyterians their Correſpon ,
Troops .which had been ſent to ſup- denst, the Fame of Sir Marmaduke
preſs them, had ſent the Parliament Langdale's being well recetv'd aç
word, That they durft not advance, for Edinburgh, and that many Engliſh
that the Enemy was much ſtronger than Officers and Soldiers daily Rocked
they, and increaſed daily; and That they thither, but eſpecially the Promiſeș
from
1
480
The Hiflory of the Rebellion
rom Paris of Supplies of Arms, Am ment of the Surpriſe of Ponfret, we
munition, and Money, as ſoon as they fall enlarge hereafter, before we ſpeak
could expect it, fet all the other of the tragick Concluſion of this En-
Wheels going in England which had terpriſe. AH Affairs were in this Mo-
been preparing all the Winter. There tion in England, before there was any
were in South Wales Colonel Laughorn, Appearance of an Army in Scotland,
Colonel Powell, and Colonel Poyer, which they had promiſed ſhould be
who commanded thoſe Parts under ready to march by the Beginning of
the Parliament, which they had ſerv'd May.
from the Beginning: Theſe three com Indeed as to the raiſing an Army in
inunicated their Diſcontents to each Scotland, the Difficulties were well
other, and all thought themſelves ill nigh over, nor did they ever look up-
required by the Parliament for the on that as a Thing that would trouble
Service they had done, and that other them, but who ſhould command, and
Men, eſpecially Colonel Mitton were be General of this Army was the mat-
preferred before them; and reſolved ter upon which the Succeſs of all they
to take the Opportunity of the Scots propoſed would depend; and if they
coming in, to declare for the King could not procure Duke Hamilton to
upon the Preſbyterian Account. And be made choice of for that Service,
the Lord Jermyn ſent a Promiſe under they would promiſe themſelves no good
his Hand, That they ſhould not feil of re- Iſſue of the Undertaking. It was a
ceiving all things neceſſary ; Hereupon hard Thing to remove the
old General
they preſently declared, before they Leſley, who had been hitherto in the
were provided to keep the Field for Head of their Army in all their prof-
want of Ammunition and Money, and perous Succeſſes; but he was in the
when Pembroke was not ſupplied with Confidence of Argyle, which was Ob.
Proviſions for above two Months; and jection enough againſt him, if there
were never thought of after.
were no other; and the Man was
The Lord Byron had been ſent from grown: Old; and appear'd in the Ac-
Paris, upon the importunities from tions of the laſt Expedition into Eng-
Scotland, to get as many to declare in land, 'very unequal to the Command.
England in ſeveral Places, as might And therefore ſome Expedient was to
diſtract the Army, and keep it from be found to be rid of him; and
an entire Engagement againſt them; they found it no hard matter to pre-
co diſpoſe his old Friends about Che- vail with him to décline the Command,
fter and North Wales to appear aſſoon upon Pretence of his Age and Infir-
as might be: and he preſently with mities, when in Truch he had no
the Help of Colonel Robinſon, pof- mind to venture his Honour againſt
ſeſſed himſelf of the Inand of Angleſey, the Engliſh, except afliſted by Engliſh,
and diſpoſed all North Wales to be which had been his good Fortune in
seady to declare aſſoon as the Scots all the Actions of Moment he had
ſhould enter the Kingdom. But that perform'd in this War; and when he
which was of moſt importance, and had been deftitute of that Help, he
ſeem'd already to have brougltt the had always receiv'd ſome Affront.
War even into the Heart of England, When by this Means there was a new
was that ſome Gentlemen, who had General to be named, Duke Hamilton
formerly ſerv'd the King in the Garri- was propoſed, as a fit Man to be em-
ſon of Newark, and in the northern ployed to redeem the Honour of the
Army, under Sir Marmaduke Lang. Nation. He had formerly diſcharged
dale, had ſurpriſed the ſtrong Caſtle the Office of General under the King
of Pontfret in Yorkſhire, and grew of Sweden, where Leſley, that had now
preſently ſo numerous, by the reſort declin'd the Employment, was Major
of Officers and Soldiers from the ad- General under him; and therefore
jacent Countries, that they grew formi- could not be thought to be without
able to all thoſe Parts, and made the ample Experience of War.
Communication between London and Whilft this was depending, Argyie
York inſecure, except it was with took Notice of Sir Marmaduke Lang-
Nrong Troops. Upon which Argu- dale's, and Sir Philip Muſgrave's be-
5
ing
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 481
ing in the Town, and of ſome Dif- treated them with all imaginable Im-
courſes which they had uſed, or ſome portunity, that they would take the
Other Engliſh Officers in their Com- Covenant. But when they ſaw thoſe
pany, and deſired, That, if they werė Gentlemen would not be prevailed
to have any Command in the Army, with, the Scotiſh Lords thereupon de-
they might preſently take the Covenant; fired them, That they would have a lito
and that, after they were enter'd into the tle Patience, and again abſent them
Kingdom of England, they ſhould make ſelves from Edinburgh, till the Heat
no Conjunčtion with any Forces, or Per- of this Diſpute was over, and till the
Sons, who had not done, or ſhould refuſe Army, ſhould be ready to march; and
to do the ſame. This Propoſal found Duke Hamilton aſſured them in Confi-
no Oppoſition ; they who were moſt dence, That as ſoon as he should find
forward to raiſe the Army for the De- himſelf in the Head of bis Army, and
livery of the King, being as violent upon their March, therefould be no
as any to advance that Declaration. more talk of Covenants, but that all the
And though Duke Hamilton and his King's Friends should be welcome, and
Brother of Lanrick did as well diſap- without Diſtinction. So they left Edin-
prove it in their own Judgments, as burgh again, and went to their old
they did foreſee, out of the long Ex- Quarters; where they had not ſtayed
perience they had of England, what long, before the Duke ſent for them
Prejudice. it would bring upon them to come to him in private j and,
there, yet they had not the Courage after a very chearful Receptiòn, he
in any Degree to ſpeak againſt it. told them, He was now ready ; and
It can hardly be believ'd,' that, af- that their Friends in England called so
ter fo long Knowledge of Englandimportunately for them, that he was re-
and their Obſervation of whom the ſolu'd to măřeb in very feroi Days, which
King's Party did confift, after their ſo he thought neceſſary to communicate to
often Conferences with the King with them, not only for the Friendſhip he had
out prevailing upon him, in any Ded for them.; but becauſe he muſt depend
gree, either to preſerve himſelf at upon them tivo-to ſurprize the Towns of.
Newcaſtle from being deliver'd up to Berwick and Carlínė; againſt the Time.
the Parliament, or in their laſt Agita- he ſhould be able to march thither; for
tation with him, when he yielded to fo he intended to march between thoſe two
many. unreaſonable Particulars to gra. Places: The Work was not hard to
tify them, to conſent or promiſe, That be perform’dl by them; and accord-
any Man ſould be .compelled to take the ingly they accepted the-Imployment
Covenant; that they Thould ſtill-ad-, he preſſed them to undertake, and
here to that fatal Combination againſt: parted to put the ſame in-Execution in
the Church, which they could never both Places' at one Time; all Things
hope to bring to paſs, except they in being concerted between them to that
tended only to change the hand, and Purpoſe. i lov.1'. ! ila
to keep the King under as ſtrict a Ré i Sir Marmaduke Langdale had ſeveral
ſtraint, when they ſhould get him into Officers and Soldiers, laid privately on
their Hands, as he was under the Dow: the Scotiſh Side to wait his Commands,
mination of the Parliament and Army: and more on the Engliſh; there being
Sir Marmaduke Langdale and Sir two or three good Families within two
Philip Muſgrave no ſooner heard of or three Miles of Berwick, who were
this Declaration, than they went to well affected and ready to appear
thoſe Lords, and expoftulated very when they ſhould be required's in Ex-
ſharply with them, for. having broken pectation whereof they had harboured
their Faiths, and betrayed them into many Men. Some of them Sir Mar-
their Country; where they were looked maduke Langdale
' appointed to meet
upon as. Enemies. They were anſwer'd, him, on the Scotiſh Side, at a Place a-
That they muſt give aver their Deſign to' bout a Mile diſtant from Berwick, the
redeem the King, er yield to this Deter-· Night before he intended the Surprize,
mination, which their Parliament. was: and the reſt to be in the Town by the
so firm, änd united in, and would never riſing of the Sun; ſome' about the
depart from; and therefore they in... Market Place, and fome upon the
140
6 F
Bridge,
4
482
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
Bridge, by which he muſt enter. The tizens were in Confuſion, and made
next Morning, being Market Day, very little Reſiſtance.
when great Droves of little Horſes, But when Duke Hamilton heard that
laden with Sacks of Corn, always re- both Places were poffefſed by them, he
Yorted to the Town, Şir Marmaduke deferr'd not to ſend a Governor and Gara
Langdale, with about a hundred Horſe, riſon to receive Berwick; to whom Sir
and ſome few Foot which waļked Marmaduke Langdale deliver'd it ac-
with the Market People, preſently af. cording to his Promiſe ; and was re-
ter Sun riſing, was upon the Bridge, quir’d, to march with all the Engliſh to
before there was any Appréhenſion; the Parts adjacent to Carliſle, and tbere
and finding his Friends there whom he to encreaſe bis Troops to what Numbers he
expected, he cauſed the Bridge pre- could, with what Expedition was poſt-
fently to be drawn up, and guarded ble; which he perform’d ſo effectually,
by his Foot, and ſent others to the that, in very few Days, he had a
other parts. Himſelf with moſt of Rendezvous upon a Heath within five
his Troops went into the Market Place, Miles of Carliſe, where he muſter'd
where he found his Country Friends above three thouſand Foot well arm'd,
ſeady to do all he would command, and ſeven hundred Horſe noč ſo well
There was:fa general a Confternation arm'd; all which were raiſed in Cuma
ſeized upon the whole Town, there berland and Weſtmoreland, over and
þeing no other Garriſon but Towns- above the Garriſon of Carliſle; which
men, that after they had ſeized upon yet remain'd under Sir Philip Mufa
the Mayor, who was the Governor, grave; and, wichin two Days, five
all Things were in a ſhort Time fa hundred Horſe, very well appointed,
quiet, that they opend their Ports came out of Yorkſóire, the Biſhoprick
again, that the Market might not be of Durham, and the Neighbour Parts;
interrupted.. Sir Philip. Muſgrave, ſo that Sir Marmaduke Langdale re-
with as little Oppoſition, poffeffed. falvd prefently to march into Lanca-
himſelf of Carlifetivhere he had a fira, to reduce thoſe who were for
greater Intereſt, and the People were' the Parliament there; which he could
generally better affected to the King, eaſily have done, the Lord Byron be-
and more diſinclined to the Scots than ing ready upon the Borders of Cheſhire
thoſe of Berwick uſed to be; and they to have joỳn’d with him. But, this
both haftend Advertiſement to the quick. Advance and Progreſs towards
Duke of what they had done.
an Army, was not well look'd upon
Sir Marmaduke Langdale, and Sir at Edinburgh; and an Expreſs was
Philip Mufgrgve were no ſonner pofs. diſpatch'd with poſitive Orders to Sir
feffed of. Berwick and Carliſle, than Marmaduke Lengdába, 20to engage
all the Gentlemen, Olicers, and Sol- of fight with the . Enémy, apon what
diers thereabouts, who had, formerlyi Advantage, foever, untill the Scotiſh
ſerv'd the King, reſorted and flockedi Army ſhould come up. And wherever that
to them well arm’d appointed, and Expreſs ſhould overtake Sir Marnia-
provided for the Wars ſo that they duka Langdale, he was immediately to
had not only very fufficient Garriſons; reture with his Forces near. Carliſle ;
to keep thoſe Places, byt, Troops 'er; which he obey'd as faon as he receiv'd
nough of Horfę to free the adjacent the Order, and when he might have
Counties from thoſe Forces, and Com marchd againt Lambert; who was
mittees, and other. Perſons, who were ſege before with a leſs Strength than
either: publickly engaged in, or well Sir Marmaduke . commanded, and
known to wiſh well privately to the which in all Probability would have
ParliamentIt was upon the 28th of been defeated:
April that. Şir Marmaduke Langdales 'Burning as if this had not been Diſcou-
pofſeffed himſelf of Berwicks, and Togn. ragement enough, within one or two
after Sir Pbilip Magnate ſurprized Daya áfrer that. Expreſs, Letters were
Carliſle, about eight of the Clock at. fent from the Council in Scotland; by
Night, many Gentlemen of the Neighs ; which Sir Marmaduke Langdale was
bours being in, and abous the Town, very feverelyi reprehended, For: re-
expecting his Arrival: fozthae che ci seiring Papifts.inia his Army; and not
On-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
48
owning the Covenant in the Declaracions fax- himſelf was appointed to march
which be bad publiſhd; and told, towards them. They who beſt under-
That be fnould receive no Aſiſtance from ſtood the Affairs and how to apply
them, except the Covenant was embraced the Strength they had to the beſt Ad.
by all bis Army. This ſtruck at the vantage, adviſed, That they might re-
Root of all their Hopes; and was ſo tire beyond Rocheſter, and by breaking
contrary to all the Engagements they down the Bridge there, and fortifying
had receiv?d from the Scotiſh Lords another Paſs or troo, which was eaſy to
both by Words and Letters, That they be done, they might keep the Enemy
jould never be troubled with any ſuch from entriæg into the East of Kent,
Motions, after they were once upon Eno longer than they would be able to conti-
gliſh Ground, and that then they foould nue tbė Attempt, for fear of being in-
proceed upon tboſe Grounds as were likėi cloſed by an Enemy at their Back, if the
to bring in moſt Men to their Aſiſtances. City of London, or thoſe of Effex, who
that Sir Marmaduke prevailid with Sir . were moſt ſpoken of, bad a Mind to de.
Philip Muſgrave, to make a Journey. clare for the King; and by this Means
forthwith to Edinburgh, to expoſtulate they might be ſure of.a Correſpondence
upon the whole Matter, and declare: will the Fleet; of the Return whereof
their firm Reſolutions to the Lords in a ſhort Time they were moſt confi-
there.
dent; and the more, becauſe ſome
Sir Philip Muſgrave, that it might : Gentlemen of their own Body were on
appear that they did not exclude any board the Fleet in ſome Authority,
who had taken the Covenant, and who, they knew, would haften their
were willing to joyn with them, car- : Return all they could.
ried a Liſt with him of the Names of Many were the more perſwaded
many Oficers in their. Troops whois that the Fleet was gone to the Ide of
had been compell’d to take the Cove-' Wight for the Refcue of the King;
nant before they could be admitted to becauſe thofe Gentlemen were gone in
Compoſition or procure the Sequeat it. And without doubt that Advice
ſtrations to be taken from thett Eftates, was the moft reaſonable, and if it had
and of fome others who had taken it been purſued. might have kept the
for Quietneſs. fake where they livid; · Enemy at a Bay for fome Time. But
with which the Scots were in fome other Men tefs reafonable were of ano-
Degree mitigated, but féend to re-- ther. Mind : They did not believe".
taire ſtill their Rigour, that it ſhould That Fairfax could have Leiſure to look
be fubmitted to by the whole Army. after then they were confident that the
In the mean Time Lambert, having Parliament bad få many Eenemies to
gotten a {trong Body of Horſe and look after, thoſe in Wales growing ſtrong,
Foot, advanced upon Sir Marmaduke i and having boaten the Party that had
Langdale j who, being enjoynd not been fent againſt rbear; and
the Officers in
to fight, - was forced to retire to Cap. the Northy wło bad. ſeized üpan Pontfret
liſle
, and ſuffer himſelf to be, upon Caſtle in Yorkſhire, and bad drawn in
the matter block'd up on one side, ai ftronega Garriſon from the Paris adja:
whilft: he fent Letter upon Letter to cont, bad a Bodix of Horſe, that infeſted,
the Duke;' to-baften bis March, or to fend all thoſe Parts; and the Scots were upon
Some Troops to his Aſistance, and Liberty their Marcb. for England; and there-
to fight the Enemy.
före obege conoluded that Fairfax. could.
The Earl of Norwich had found the not be at Leiſure to viſit ibem 3 and .
Affembly.at Maidſtone very numerous, therefore they defired, That they might
but like wiſe very diſorderly, and with all march towards. Black. Heath, which
out Government, nor eafy to be re would raiſe the Spirits of their Friends,
duced under any Command. They and many would reſort Every Day la
had been long enough ingether ta them out of London and the Parts ad-
enter into Jealoufies of one another, -jacent; all which were eminently well
and from thence into Factions, and affeEted.
were of ſeveral Opinion's what they
The Noife for this was the greater.,
were to do. And this Indiſpoſition and the Earl of Norwich was thereby
increaſed, when they heard that Faiju. [way di to. Bet of that. Opinion; and
.
4
ſo
484 "The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ſo they reſolv'd to advance, and a weary of being all Night in the field,
ſhort Day was appointed for a general though it was the warmeſt Seaſon of
Rendezvous upon Black-Heath, and the Year, and many withdrew them.
Orders were ſent out accordingly. ſelves every Day; ſo that they who
The Diſturbance in ſo many places remain'd, had no reaſon to believe
made the Reſolution of the General themſelves equal to the Power that
now to be known, which had been march'd towards them, and yet there
hitherto carefully concealed., That were more left than could hope to
Farfax himſelf was not willing to march preſerve themſelves by flying, and by
againſt the Scots; which was not now Concealment. And therefore, as Fair:
counſellable for him to do. Cromwell fax advanced, the Kentiſh Forces drew
was very willing to take that Province back; made ſeveral Stands; but; be-
to himſelf, and had always ſo great a ing hard preſſed, they divided, ſome
Contempt of the Scots, that he was wil-, retiring to Rocheſter, others to Maid-
ling to march with a much leffer Num- ſtone. Thoſe at Maidſtone had a ſharp
ber than he well knew the Scotiſh Army Encounter with the General's whole
to conſiſt of; and being inform'd Strength, and fought very bravely,
which Way the Scots reſolv'd to enter but were at laſt defeated. In the mean
the Kingdom, and that they were even Time the Earl of Norwich, and divers
ready to march, he advanced to meet other Officers who were with the Party
them, as. ſoon as they ſhould be en-, at · Rocheſter'; quitting that Place,
ter'd, with thoſe Troops which he had march'd back towards London, in hope
made choice of, having firſt ſuppreſ- ſtill of the City's joyning with them.
ſed the Riſings in South Wales by But that failing, and apprehending
taking of Pembroke Caſtle, and mak- Fairfax would be foon in their Rear,
ing Priſoners therein Laughorn, Powel, the Earl and thoſe who remain'd, and
and Poyer, the Heads of that Inſur-; deſign'd to run the utmoſt Hazard,
rection, and not troubling himſelf reſolv'd to paſs themſelves and their
with Pontfret Caſtle, which he thought. Horſes by ſuch Boats as they had
would not be of great Conſequences: ready about Greenwich, and down
if the Scots were ſubdued.
the River, over into Eſſex ; where they
Fairfax; with a numerous Part of knew they had many Friends, and
the Army, remain'd in and about, where Fairfax and his Army could not
London to ſuppreſs the Inſurrection in : viſit them in ſome Days.. So they :
Kent, and watch any other which made a Shift to tranſport themſelves
ſhould fall out in the City or therea- , to the Number of near a thouſand
bouts; of which they had more Ap- Men, Horſe and Foot; whereofmany
prehenſion than of all the Power of were Officers and Soldiers who had
Scotland. And ſo when the Parlia- ſerv'd the King, and young Gentle-
ment was advertiſed by their Troops' men grown up in Loyal Families,
which were firſt fent, that they were who had been too young to appear be-
too weak to advance farther, and fore.
heard that the Earl af Norwich was They found many Perſons in Efex rea-
declard General of the Kentiſh Troops, dy to joyn with them, who came ſoon-
and was marching in the Head of er together than they intended, upon the
them towards Black-Heath, Fairfax Alarm of Kent; and who had purpoſed
drew all his Army together, and his to have paſſed over into Kent to have
Cannon, and march'd over London joyn'd, and aſſiſted thoſe who had ſo
Bridge to meet the. Men of Kent at frankly appeard for the King, if they
Black-Heath, and to ſtop their March had not been prevented by their unex-
to London. The Earl was now ad- pected coming to them. There was
vanded ſo far, and Fairfax advanced the brave Lord Capel, Sir William
too faſt to put the former Counſel in. Compton, Sir Charles Lucas, Sir George
Practice, of breaking down the Bridges, Liſle, all excellent Officers. There
and keeping the Paffes, and they who was Sir Bernard Gaſcoign, and many
had oppoſed that Counſel; and were ſo other Gentlemen, and Officers of
forward to advance, thought they were , Name, who had drawn together many
now. too for, The Countrymen were. Soldiers. To theſe joyn'd Colonel
Farr;
!
.
A
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 485.
Farr; who had ferv'd the Parliament; the Command of the Prince, was not
and was a known Creature and Confi- fo active as. it was expected it ſhould
dent of the Earl of Warwick's, and be; and was very much the worſe for
had at that Time the Command of the Fictions, and Diviſions, which were
Languard Point, a Fort of Importance amongſt thoſe who attended upon the
upon the Sea ; ſo that when they were Prince; who according to their ſeveral
all come together, with thoſe who Humours, endeavour'd to work upon
came from Kent, they made a Body of the Seamen ;, a People capable of any
above three thouſand Horſe and Foot, Impreſſion;.. but not very retentive of
with Officers enough to have formd it. Prince Rupert, to whom the Prince
and commanded a very good Army. was very kind, did not, upon many
They well knew Fairfax would old Conteſts in the late War, love the
quickly viſit them, and therefore they Lord - Colepepper, who was not of a
choſe to poſt themſelves in Colcheſter, Temper that-cared to court him; and
a great and populous Town, which there was one, who had the greateſt
though unfortified, they caſt up ſuch Influence on Prince Rupert, Herber:
Works before the Avenues, that they the Attorney General, that of all Men
did not much fear to be forced by any living was moſt diſpoſed to make Dil-
Affault; and reſolv'd to expect a Con cord and Diſagreement between Men.
junction with other of their Fșiends; He having no Title or Pretence to in-
and were in great Hopes that the Scot- terpoſe in Councils, and yet there be-
iſh Army, which they heard was upora ing no. Secret in the Debates there,
its, March, would be with them before found it eafy to infuſe-into Prince Ru-
they could be diſtreſſed..
pert, who totally reſign'd himſelf to
They had ſcarce put themſelves and his Advice, fuch. Arguments as might
the Town, which was not glad of diſturb any Reſolution : And there
their Company, into any Order, be- were ſo many who were angry that
fore Fairfax came upon them ;, who they were not admitted into the Coun-
made no Stay in Kent after he heard cil, as the Lords Piercy, Wilmot, and
what was become of the Earl of Nor- Wentworth, that it was no hard matter
wich and his Friends; but left two,or. to get any Thing diſliked that was re-
three Troops of Horſe to ſettle that ſolv'd there. Prince Rupert had a
County. with the Aliſtance of their great Mind, that fomewhat ſhould
Committees, who had been driven be attempted upon the Coaſt, which
from thence, and returning now might have cauſed fom'e Sea Towns,
victorious, knew well enough how to and the Parts adjacent, . to have de-
deal with thoſe who had revolted from clared for the. King; which ſeem'd
them. When he came firſt before not a Deſign that would bear a rea-
Colcheſter, and ſaw it without any For- fonable Diſcourſe. But Action was a
tiâcations, he thought preſently to yery, grateful Word to the Seamen,
have enter'd the Town with his Army; and they who oppoſed any Thing that
but he found fo rude Reſiſtance, that tended toward it, were look'd upon
by the Advice of Ireton, who was left with great Jealouſy and Prejudice.
by Cromwell to watch the General as But the Prince was obliged, as hath
well as the Army, he reſolv'd to en been ſaid, by his Inſtructions at Paris,
compaſs it with his Troops, and with- not to engage himſelf in any Thing
out hazarding the Loſs of Men to that might divert him from being
block them up, till Famime ſhould ready at a. Minute when the Scots
reduce them; and diſpoſed his Army ſhould call for his Preſence"; and they
accordingly; which quickly ſtopped expected the firſt Intimation of that
up all Paſſages by. which either Men from London; from whence they had
or Proviſions ſhould get into the Town; the Aſſurance already, that Duke Ha-
though by many brave Sallies from milton was enter'd the Kingdom with
within, their Quarters. were often an Army of above thirty thouſand
beaten up, and many valiant Men Men ; which was then generally
were loſt on both sides.
thought true, though they fell far
The Fleet, after it had, with all ſhort of the Number.
imaginable Chearfulneſs, ſubmitted to When the Prince came with the
141
6 G
Fleet
486
Tlse Hiſtory of the Rebellion
S.
Fleet into the Sea from Helvoet Sluce, that City, had more Money on board
he met a Ship of London bound for that Veid than the Cloth was worth,
Rotterdam, and laden with Cloth by though the Value thereof amounted to
the Company of MerchantAdventurers, no leſs than forty thouſand Pounds.
who did not think that the Fleet Upon this Liberty granted by the
could have been ſo ſoon ready for Sea. Parliament, a Committee was ſent
This Ship was taken, and the Decks from the City with a Petition to the
being ſeal'd up, was kept under Guard Prince of Wales, That he would reſtore
with the Fleet; which, at their En- the Ship which belonged to his Father's
trance into the River of Thames, took good Subjects. With theſe Men came
many other Ships of great Value out Letters from ſome of thoſe who were
ward bound, and intercepted all Vel- well known to be very ſollicitous at
fels homeward bound, and amongſt that Time for the Advancement of the
thoſe an Eat India Ship richly laden, King's Service, and privy to the
and the more welcome becauſe the Treaty with the Scots, and whatever
Ship itſelf was a very ſtrong Ship, and was intended by the Earl of Holland :
would make an excellent Man of War, The Counteſs of Carliſle, who was
and the Captain thereof was a Seaman truſted by all that People, and had
of Courage and Experience, and was gotten again Confidence with the
very well inclined to ſerve the King : Queen, truſted Mr. Lowe, who was
And, without doubt, if all the Ships' imployed by the City in this Negotia-
which were then taken, had been ſent tion, to ſay many. Things to the Prince
into ſome ſecure Ports, the Value of of the good Inclinations of the City,
the Goods would have amounted to ſo and how neceſſary, it was not to irritate
great a Sum, as might have counter- it
. And he brought other Letters, and
vailed a very great Expence at Sea Teſtimonies to give him Credit, as a
and Land. But as it would have been Man truſted by all who intended to
very difficult to have found ſuch a few ſerve the King, who had with won-
cure Port, where that Treaſure might derful Addreſs got him to be one of
have been depoſited, ſo it was not thoſe employed by the City, that he
ſuitable to thoſe Meaſures which had might under that Security, give ſuch
been taken, and were ſtill purſued, Animadveřſions to the Prince, and to
his Royal Highneſs's Proceedings. his Council, as was neceffary. He
The City of London was to be courted by was a Man intelligent enough of the
all the Artifices imaginable, and that Spirit and Humour of the City, and
was ſo alarm’d by the Fleet's being in very converſant with the Nobility and
the River, and by the Seizure of ſo Gentry about the Town; and though
many of their Ships, eſpecially the he was truſted by the Preſbyterian
Cloth Ship, that there was a general Party, as a Man entirely addicted to
Confternation amongſt the People: them, he took Pains to inſinuate him-
And the Lord Mayor and Aldermen ſelf into many of the King's Party,
applied themſelves to the Parliament, which did believe him fit to be truſted
for leave to ſend down ſome Agents to in any Thing that might concern
the Fleet to procure a Releaſe of that them. But he was a Man of ſo volu-
Ship; and if that could not be brought ble a Tongue, and ſo everlaſting a
to paſs, that they might buy it at as Talker, and ſo undertaking and vain,
good rate as they could get it. Which that no ſober Man could be impoſed
was the introducing ſuch a Commerce upon by him.
and Correſpondence between the Fleet Upon the Receipt of this Petition,
and the City, in ſuch a Conjuncture the Prince writ a long Letter to the
of Jealouſy, that moſt Men believ'd City, and incloſed in it a Declaration,
the Parliament would never have for the publiſhing of both which in
hearken'd to it; and concluded, from Print care was taken, the Subſtance of
their granting it, that there. was ano which was, The great Affection be bore
ther Sort of Treaſure incloſed in that to the City, and the Proſperity thereof;
Ship, than what belonged to the Mer- the whole being in ſuch a Style as
chant Adventurers ; and that many of might beſt pleaſe the Preſbyterians, with
thoſe who granted that Indulgence to leſs Care than ſhould have been uſed
4
uto
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 487
3
to preſerve the Zeal of the King's Beſiegers. to riſe: And the Seamen,
Party ; and deſiring, That they would having nothing elſe to do, offer'd to
joyn with him for the Delivery of the undertake the Service for the Redemp-
King his Father out of Priſon, and to tion of their Fellows
make a good Underſtanding between his Officers being likewiſe on board, and
Majeſty and the Parliament, which his fome Foot Soldiers, the Prince, ſent
Highneſs deſired with all imaginable ſome of thoſe with the Seamen to un-
Concernment. The Citizens quickly dertake the Buſineſs, but it had no
found, that there was'no Hope to have good Iſſue; but the Tide was too far
their Ship releaſed without a good Sum ſpent before it begun; whereby they
of Money, which the Prince told them had more Ground to march between
was abſolutely neceſſary for the Payment their landing and the Caſtle than they
of the Seamen, and he would receive it imagined, and the Horſe charged them
és a Loan from them, and repay it when with ſuch Reſolution, that many of
a Peace ſhould be made. So ſome of the Men were killed, and more taken
them return’d to London, and the reſt Priſoners, and the reſt forced to their
remain’d with the Fleet, coming and Boats with more Diſorder than became
going for a Month, and driving many them. And ſome other Attempts being
Bargains for other Ships. By this afterwards made with no better Succeſs,
Means the Prince receiv'd Advertiſe- the Block-Houſes at laſt came into the
ment of the Scots continuing their Hands of the Enemy; which, though of
March, and that thoſe who were in- little Inconvenience to the Prince, thoſe
cloſed in Colcheſter were in a very good Forts being of very ſmall Importance
Condition, and willing to expect Re. to do any Prejudice, yet there was
ļief; which they would be ſure to re- ſome Diſreputation in its and it dif-
ceive in due Time, the Earl of Hol- credited the Deſigns, which had not
Įand being ready to declare as ſoon as yet appear'd very proſperous in any
their Preſſures ſhould require it. Af- Place; and any Acceſs of good For-
ter near a Months Negotiations, there tune raiſed the Spirits of the Parlia-
was about twelve thouſand Pounds ment's Party., who eaſily were per-
paid to the Prince, and thereupon that ſwaded to think it greater than it was,
Cloth Ship' was deliver'd to the Mer- in a Time when they lay under ſome
chants, with a general Opinion, as Motification.
hath been ſaid, that there was fome By this Time another Fleet was pre-
what elſe beſides Cloth in the Body of pared by the Parliament of more and
it; for which there was not any. Search better Ships than had revolted, and
fuffer'd to be, made.
the Command thereof given to the
Whilſt the Prince lay in the Downs, Earl of Warwick; who
very frankly
there was an Enterprize neceſſary to be accepted it; and was already on board,
made on Shore, which did not ſucceed and with the Tide was come within
to wiſh. Upon the firſt Revolt of the Sight of the Prince; and there drop-
Fleet from the Parliament, and before ped Anchor. So that both Fleets lay
it ſet ſail for Holland, it had taken one within that Diſtance of each other,
or two of thoſe Block-Houſes, or that there was now nothing thought of
Caſtles, which are neareſt the Downs; but a Battle; to which there leem'd all
and had left fome Seamen in them, Alacrity in the Prince's Fleet; and,
with ſufficient Proviſions to defend it may be, the more upon the Intelli-
themſelves till the Fleer ſhould return. gence that the other was not well
The Prince found theſe Block-Houſes mann'd, and that many were put on
beſieged, and receiv'd Intelligence board who had more Affection to the
out of them, that their Proviſions King; which they would manifeſt
were ſo near ſpent, that they could when they came within Diſtance; but
not hold out above ſo many Days. The whether that Fancy was from Imagi-
Strength that lay before them, confift- nation or Intelligence, it ſeem'd to
ed more in Horſe than Foot; and at have no Foundation in Truth.
high Tyde the Boats might go ſo near, The Earl of Warwick and his Fleet
that there ſeem'd little Difficulty of appear'd reſolute and prepared enough
putting in Relief, or to compel'the for an Engagement : Yet it was well
known,
488 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
known, the Earl was privy to the En- in Danger to be diſtreſſed for Provi-
gagement of his Brother the Earl of fions, it was thought moſt counſellable
Holland, and had promiſed to joyn with to put to Sea; where they could more.
him. And therefore it was thought commodiouſly engage in a Battle, if
fit, that the Prince ſhould write to the the Earl of Warwick would advance ;
Earl 'to ſummon, or invite him to re- and if he did not, there was great
turn to his Allegiance. This was ſent reaſon to hope, that the Prince might
by Harry Seymour, who quickly re meet with thoſe Ships which were
turn'd with an Anſwer from the Earl, coming from Portſmouth to joyn with
which, in Terms of Duty enough, the Earl, and which might eaſily be
humbly befought his Highneſs, to put ſurprized or taken by the Prince's
himſelf into the Hands of the Parlia- Fleet; which was much ſuperior to
ment; and that the Fleet with him them in Strength
might ſubmit to their Obedience ; upon At this Time the Earl of Lauther-
which they ſhould be pardoned for their dale arriv'd in a Ship from Scotland;
Revolt.
and having left Duke Hamilton upon
Though this might well have fatis- his March towards Berwick, he was
fied concerning the Earl's Inclination, ſent to demand the Performance of the
yet the Prince was prevaild with, that Treaty, and that the Prince would
Mr. Crofts might pay the Earl a Viſit; immediately repair to that Army.
who, having more Acquaintance with This confirm’d the Prince in the Pur-
him, having married his Aunt, might poſe of putting out to Sea, and conti-
be able to get a private Audience to nued their Courſe for Holland, with
the Earl ; which Seymour endeavour'd, Hope ftill to meet with thoſe Ships
but could not obtain. But Crofts re which were coming from Portſmouth.
turn'd as the other did ; and now And meet with them they did in the
there wanted only a Wind to bring Night; which the Prince knew not
them together, which coming fair for till Morning; when one put the Fault
the Prince, he reſolv'd to attack them. upon another; and it was now neceſ-
All Anchors were weigh'd, and Pre- fary to make all poſſible Hafte to Hol-
parations made to advance to the Af- land, fince by the Conjunction with
ſault, the whole Fleet being under theſe Ships, beſides all other Advan-
Sail towards the other ; which ſeem'd tages, the Earl of Warwick was now
equally reſolv'd and diſpoſed, though become ſuperior in the Number, as
the Wind which drove the Prince upon well as the Strength and Goodneſs of
them, compellid them a little to re the Ships; which appear'd by his
tire, where the River was ſomewhat coming before Helvoet Sluce, within
In an Inſtant the Wind few Days after the Prince's Arrival
ceaſed, and there was a Calm; ſo that there.
the Prince could not advance; and It was near the middle of July,
ſome Doubts aroſe, upon the narrow when Duke Hamilton enter'd into Eng-
ing of the River, as if ſome of his land with his Army, when he came to
Ships might want Water in the En- Carliſle, and immediately took that
gagement. In this Deliberation the Government from Sir Philip Mulgrave,
Wind roſe again, but from another and drew out all the Engliſh Garriſon,
Quarter, which was directly in the and put Scots in their Place. And after
Prince's Face; and would not ſuffer fome few Days Stay there, the Engliſh
him to move towards the Enemy, but and Scotiſh Forces met at a Rendez-
drove him
back, and would carry him vous, in the Way to that Part of Cum-
out of the River. Hereupon were new berland where Lambert then quarter'd :
Conſultations; great Want of Provi- And if they had continued their
fions were diſcover'd to be in the Fleet, March as they ought to have done,
inſomuch as that they ſhould not be it is very probable they had broken
able to ſtay at Sea above ten Days, that Body of Lambert's. But the Duke
and many Ships would want ſooner, would quarter that Night cwo Miles
and therefore ſince the Earl of War- ſhort ; and Lambert, in the ſame
wick, as the Wind ſtood, could not Night, marched from thence in great
be compellid to fight, and they were Diſorder and Confuſion to the Edge
narrower.
5
of
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
489
of Yorkſhire. The Duke reſted many not be to nèar, and, if Cromwell was
Days, that all his Forces might come advanced to ſuch a Diſtance, it was only
up, which came Dowly out of Scotland. with ſuch a Party, as he would not pre-
And as ſoon as they were come up, ſume to engage with their wbole Army.
he march'd to Kendal, where he reft. In this Confidence, he marched as he
ed again ſeveral Days; the Reaſon had done before. Sir Marmaduke fent
whereof no body could imagine. It him every Day Advice that confirm'd
was ſuſpected it was, that thoſe Forces, the former, And that his Horſe had ena
which were up in ſeveral Parts of the counter'd ſome of the Enemy, and that
Kingdom for the King; might under- their whole Body was at hand; that it
go fome Defeat, that they might not was true, it was not a Body equal in
be ſo united, as to controul or obſtruct Number to their Army, yet all that
the Preſbyterian Deſign. For after Cromwell expeated was to joyn Battle
that Army was enter'd into England, with him. All this gain’d not Credit,
it moved, as hath been ſaid, by.fuchi till Sir Marmaduke himſelf, making
very now Marches, and ſo negligent- his Retreat with many ſharp Skirmiſhes,
ly, and with ſo little Apprehenſion of in which many Men fell on both sides,
an Enemy, and it was quarter'd at fo was purſued into the head :Quarters of
great a Diſtance, that the head Quar- the Duke; where he likewiſe brought
ter was very often twenty Miles diſtant with him ſome Priſoners, who averrºd,
from ſome part of the Army; the that the whole Body of the Army. was
Duke himſelf performed no Part of within five or fix Miles, and marched
the Office of a General, but taking his as faſt as they were able.
Eaſe, and being wholly govern'd by The Duke was.confounded with the
the Lieutenant General of the Army, Intelligence, . and knew not what to
and to or three other Officers.
do: The Army: was not together ;
Sir Marmaduke Langdale marched, and that Part that was about him, was
with his Body of Engliſh, conſiſting without any. Order, and made no. Shew
of near four thouſand Foot, and ſeven of any Purpoſe to fight. In this A-
or eight hundred Horſe, always a Day mazement, the Duke ſtayed himſelf at
before the Army; by which they in: Preſton'; and cauſed his Foot to be
tended to have timely Advertiſement drawn over a Bridge, that they might
of the Enemy's Motion, and likewiſe march towards. Wiggan, a Town in
meant that he ſhould bear the firſt Lancaſhire, where he should as he
Brunt of them, deſiring to weaken him thought, find ſome Regiments, and
by all the Ways they could. They where they might make ſome Stand
had not march'd many Days, it being till the reſt ſhould come up. In the
now about the Middle of Auguſt, mean Time. Sir, Marmaduke Langdale
when Sir
Marmaduke Langdale adver- return'd to his Troops, the Duke having
tiſed the Duke by an Expreſs, That he promiſed to ſend him ſome Troops to
bad receiv'd unqueſtionable Intelligence affift, and that ſome Foot ſhould be
that Cromwell was within two or three fent to keep a Lane, that would flank
Days March, and reſolv'd to engage bis, his Men upon his Retreat. Sir Mar-
Army as foon as poſible he could, and maduke Langdale faid often afterwards,
that he would not be diverted from it, That be verily believd, if one thouſand
by the People's gathering together at Foot hadetben been ſent to him, he ſhould
any Diſtance from bim, in what Poſture have gain'd the Day: And Cromwell
foever; and therefore deſir'd his Grace, ' himſelf acknowledged, that he never
That he would keep his Army cloſe toge- faw Foot fight fo deſperately as they
ther; for they could not be far afunder did.
with any Security; and declared, That The Scots, continued their March
be himſelf would reſt, and wait the Ad- over the Bridge, without taking care
vance of the Enemy, and then retire back to ſecure the Lane, which he had re. •
es he ſhould find it neceſſary.
commended to them ;: by which Croma
The Duke, notwithitanding this well's came upon his Flank, whilſt he.
Advertiſement, reformed not the Or was .equally preſſed in the Van. So
der of his March in any Degree, but that his excellent Body of Foor being
was perſwaded, Tbøt the Enemy could broken, Sir Marmaduke, and ſuch of
142
6 H
his:
49.0
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
а.
his Horſe as kept together, were dri- and ſo was taken Priſoner, and ſent to
ven into the Town ; where the Duke the Caſtle of Nottingham.
All this
remain'd
yet
with ſome Officers; who great Vi&ory was gor by Cromwell with
all retreated over a Ford to the Foot, an Army amounting to a third Part of
who were in equal. Diſorder. For as the Scots in Number, if they had been
ſoon as the Engliſh Forces was broken, all together; and it was not diminiſh-
tha Scots were preſently beaten from ed half a hundred in obtaining this
the Bridge, and forced to a very diſor- Victory, after the Engliſh Forces un-
derly March. However the Duke der Langdale had been defeated.
had ſtill a great Part of his own Army The Defeat of the Scotiſh Army at
together; with which he continued Preſton, though it was not at firſt be-
his March two or three Days to Wig- liev'd to be an entire Victory over
gan; thence to Warrington ; where their whole Body, there being double
Baily capitulated, and deliver'd up all that Number that was not there or
the Foot; thence to Nantwich, and at that march'd from thence, broke or
laſt to Exeter; and in all that Time diſappointed moſt of the Deſigns
many of the Scotiſh Noblemen forſook which were on Foot.for raiſing Men,
him, and render'd themſelves Priſo- in thoſe Northern Counties, for the
ners to the Gentlemen of the Country; King's Service, to have joyn'd and
and Cromwell's Troops under Lambert, united under Sir Marmaduke Langdale.
preſſed ſo hard upon the Rear, that Sir Thomas Tildeſley, a Gentleman, of a
they killed, and took as many Priſo- fair Eftate, who had ſerv'd the King
ners as they pleaſed, without hazard- from the Beginning of the War with
ing their own Men. The Duke was good Courage, was then with a Body
ſcarce got into Exeter ,. when his of Engliſh, with which he had beſieged
Troops, which made no Reſiſtance, the Caſtle of Lancaſter, and was upon
were beaten in upon him, and ſo cloſe the Point of reducing it, when the
purſued by Cromwell's Horſe under News of Preſton arrivd. It was then
Lambert, that himſelf and all the prin- neceſſary to quit that Deſign; and
cipal Officers (ſome few excepted, hearing that: Major General Monroe,
who, lying concealed, or by the Be- who, ſhortly after the Duke march'd
nefit of the Swiftneſs of their Horſes, out of Scotland, follow'd him with a
made their Eſcape) were taken Priſo- Recruit of above fix thouſand Horſe
The Duke neither behaving and Foot, was come to the Skirts of
himſelf like a General, nor with that Lancaſhire, he retired thither to him,
Courage which he was before never having gather'd up many of Sir Mar-
thought to want; but making all Sub- maduke Langdale's Men, whº had been
miſfions, and all Excuſes to thoſe who bruken at Preſton, and ſome others
took him.
who had been newly levied. Sir
Thus his whole Army was routed, Thomas Tildeſley moved Monroe, That
and defeated ; more killed out of Con- bis Forces, and ſome Regiments of Scots,
tempt, than they deſervd it by any who yet remainºd about Kendal, might
Oppoſition ; the reſt taken Priſoners, joyn with the Engliſh under his Com.
all their Cannon and Baggage taken, mand, and march together towards
and their Colours; only ſome of their Preſton, and follow Cromwell in the
Horſe, which had been quarter'd Rear, as he purſued the Scots: Which
moſt backward, made Haſte to carry they might very well have done, be-
News to their Country of the ill Suc- ing a Body, when in Conjunction, of
ceſs of their Arms. They who did above eight thouſand Men; which was
not take the way for Scotland, were equal in Number tº the Army under
for the moſt part taken by the Activity Cromwell. But the Major General
of the Country, or the Horſe that would not conſent to the Motion, but
purſued them ; whereof Sir Merma- retired to the farther Part of Weltmore-
due Langdale, after he had made his land; and the Engliſh follow'd them
Way with ſome of his Officers and in the Rear; preſuming, that though
Soldiers, who ſtood with him till they they would not be perſwaded to ad-
found it ſafeſt to diſperſe themſelves, vance after Cromwell, yet that they
had the ill Fortune to be diſcover'd; would chooſe ſome other more con-
venient
ners:
5
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
491
venient Poft to make a Stand in, if the Conditions for the Engliſh. Sir Philip
Enemy follow'd them; and then that Muſgrave had yet Apleby Caſtle in
they would be glad to joyn with them: his own Poffeffion, having taken it
To which he was preſſed again the next after he had deliver'd Carliſle to Duke
Day, but continued ſtill faſt in his ſul- Hamilton, and after he was marcha
len Reſolution, without declaring from thence. By this good. Accident,
what he meant to do; and retired upon the Delivery of it up, which
through Cumberland, where he had left could not long have made any De-
a fad Remembrance of his having paſſed fence, he made Conditions for him.
that Way a few Days before, having ſelf, and one hundred and fifty Ofi-
then raiſed vaſt Sums of Money upon cers, many of them Gentlemen of Qua-
the poor People, and now in his Re- lity who liv?d again to venture, and
treat plunder'd almoſt all they had ſome to looſe their Lives, for the
left.
King: After which, he ſoon trani,
Sir Philip Muſgrave believ'd that he ported himſelf into Holland.com
and his Foot might be welcome to Cromwell reſolv?d to loſe no. Ad:
Carliſle ; and went thither; and ſent vantage he had got, but as ſoon as he
Sir Harry Bellingham, Sir Robert had perfected his Defeat of Dyke Ha-
Strickland, and Colonel Chater, to milton, by gathering up as many Pri-
the Earl of Lanrick, and offer'd that ſoners, as he could, of the diſperſed
they ſhould carry, their Troops into Troops, he march'd directly towards
Scotland to joyn with him; who he Scotland, to pull up the Roots there,
well knew would ſtand in need of from which any farther Trouble might
Help. But he durft not accept the ſpring hereafter ; though he was very
Motion, ſaying, if he ſhould, Argyle earneſtly called upon from Yorkſhire to
would from thence take an Excuſe to in, reduce thoſe at Pontfret Caſtle; which
vite Cromwell; who they heard was grew very, troubleſome to all their
then upon his March towards Berwick, Neighbours; and not ſatisfied with
to bring his Army into Scotland: Upon drawing Contributions from all the
which Sir Henry Bellingham returnd Parts adjacent, they made Excurſions
with the Party he commanded into into Places, at a great Diſtance, and
Cumberland, paying for all they had took divers fubftantial Men Priſoners,
though that part of Scotland it was ne- and carried them to the Caſtle; where
ceſſary for them to paſs through. they remain'd till they redeem'd them-
Sir Philip Mufgrave had no better ſelves by great Ranſoms. However,
Succeſs with Sir William Levingſton, he would nog defer. his Northern
the Governor of Carliſle ; for though he March; but believing, that he ſhould
receiv'd him very civilly, and enter?d be in a ſhort. Time capable to take
into a Treaty with him (for he knew Vengeance upon thoſe Affronts, he
well enough that he was not able to fatisfied himſelf in ſending, Colonel
vi&tual, or defend the place without Rainſborough, with fome Troops. of
,
the Affiſtance of the Engliſh, and Horſe and Foot, to reſtrain their Ad-
therefore he deſir’d.the. Afiſtance. of ventures, and to keep them block'd
Sir Philip in both). yet when Articles up; and himſelf, with the reſt of his
were agreed upon, and ſign’d by Sir Army continued their March for Scota
Philip Muſgrave, the Governor fell land, it; being about the End of Aug
back, and refuſed to engage himſelf, gult, or Beginning of September, before
not to deliver up the Garriſon without the Harveſt of that Country was yeg
the Conſent of Sir Philip: Muſgrave; ripe ; : and, fo, capable of being des
who was contented that none of his ſtroyd:
Men ſhould come within the Walls, It was generally believ'd, that the
until it ſhould be moſt apparent, that Marquis of Argyle carneſty invited,
they could no longer keep the Field... him to this Progreſs ; for the Defeat
Within a ſhort Time after, Orders of the Scotiſh Army in England had
was ſent out of Scotland for the Deli not yet enough made him Maſter of
very of Berwick and Carliſe to the Scotland. There was ſtill a Commi[-
Parliament ; in which Orders there tee of Parliament ſitting at Edinburgh,
was not the leaſt Mention of making in which, arrd in the Council, the
Ear
492
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
raiſed under Monroe for the Recruit of that it would henceforth prove as
Earl of Lanrick fway'd without a Ri- and humble Submiſſion with many
val; and the Troops which had been Tears. Cromwell had reaſon to believe
the Duke's Army, were ſtill together, peaceable a Kingdom as he could wiſh;
and at the Earl's Devotion; ſo that and having thus concerted all Things
the Marquis was ſtill upon his good with his Boſome Friend Argyle. (who
Behaviour. If he did not invite Crom. reſolv'd as ſoon as he was withdrawn
well, he was very glad of his coming; a Diſtance from Edinburgh, that he
and made all poſible Haſte to bid and his Army might not be thought to
him welcome upon his entring into the have any Influence upon the Councils,
Kingdom; and conducted him to E to call the Parliament to confirm all
dinburgh, where he was receiv'd with he ſhould think fit to do) he retürn'd
all Solemnity, and the Reſpect, due to for England; where he thought his
the Deliverer of their Country, and Preſence was like to be wanted.
his Army quarter'd about, and ſup To return to the State of the King's
plied with all Proviſions the Country Affairs in England: When the Earl
could yield.
of Norwich and the Lord Capel with
The Earl of Lanrick, and all the the Kentiſh and Elfex Troops were in.
Hamiltonian Faction (that is all who cloſed in Colcheſter, their Friends could
had a Mind to continue of it) were not reafonably hope that the Scotiſ
withdrawn, and out of Reach ; and Army, which had ſo long deferr’d
they who remain'd at Edinburgh were their March into England, contrary to
reſolv'd to obey Argyle; who they ſaw their Promiſe, would, though they
could protect them. There were then were now come in, march faſt enough
enough left of the Committee of Para to relieve Colcheſter before they ſhould
liament to take Care of the Safety and be reduced by Famine. The Earl of
Good of the Kingdom, without puts Holland thought it neceffary; fince
ting Cromwell to help them by the many who were in Colcheſter, had en-
Power of the Engliſh; which would gaged themſelves upon his Promiſes
have been a great Diſcredit to their and Authority, now to begin his En-
Government. Whilft he' remain'd terpriſe; to which the Youth and
their Gueſt (whom they entertain'd Warmth of the Duke of Buckingham,
magnificently) Argyle thought himſelf who was a General of the Horſe, the
able by the Laws of Scotland, to re Lord Francis Villiers his Brother, and
form all that was amiſs, and preſerve divers other young Noblemen, ſpurrid
the Government upon the true Foun. him on. And he might have the bet,
dation. So the Committee of Parlia- ter Opinion of his Intereſt and Party,
ment ſent to Monroe an Order and in that his purpoſe of riſing, and put-
Command to diſband his Troops ; ting himſelf into Arms for the Relief
which when he ſeem'd not reſolv'd to of Colcheſter, was ſo far from being a
do; he quickly diſcern'd that Croma Secret, that it was the common Dir-
well muſt be Arbitrator ; and there. courſe of the Town.
There was a
upon he obſerv'd the Orders of the great Appearance every Morning, at
Committee very punctually : So that his Lodgings, of thoſe Officers who
there was no Power in Scotland that were known to have ſerv'd the King;
could oppoſe the Command of Argyle; his Commiſſions ſhew'd in many
the Committee of Parliament, the Hands; no Queſtion being more com-
Council, all the Magiſtrates of Edin- monly aſked, than Wben dotb my Lord
burgh, were at his Devotion ; and Holland go out ? and the Anſwer was,
whoever were not ſo, were either in Such and ſuch a Day; and the Hour
Priſon, or Acd. The Pulpics were full he did take Horſe, when he was ac-
of Invectives againſt the Sinfulneſs of companied by an hundred Horſe from
the late Engagement, and folemn his Houſe, was publickly talked of
Faſts enjoyn'd by the Affembly to im- two or three Days before.
plore God's Pardon and Forgiveneſs His firſt Rendezvous was at Kingſton
for that heinous Tranſgreſſion; the upon Thames ; where he ſtayed two
Chancellor Lowden giving the good Nights, and one whole Day, expect-
Example, by making his Recantation ing a great Reſort to him, not only of
4
Officers,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
493
!
1
1
Officers, but of Common Men, who liers, a Youth of rare Beauty and
had promiſed, and lifted themſelves Comelineſs of Perſon; endeavouring to
under ſeveral Officers; and he imputed make Reſiſtance, was unfortunately
the Security he had enjoyed ſo long, - killed, with one or two more but of
notwithſtanding his Purpoſe was ſo ge- little Note. Moſt of the Foot made a
nerally known, to the Apprehenſion Shift to conceal themſelves, and ſome
both the Parliament and the Army Officers, until they found Means to
had of the Affections of the City to retire to their clofe Månſions in Lon=
joyn with him; and he believ'd, that don. The Earl with near an hundred
he ſhould not only remain ſecure at Horſe (the reſt wiſely taking the Way
Kingſton, as long as he ſhould think fit to London, where they were never ent
to ſtay there, but that ſome entire quired after) wanderd without Pur-
Regiments of the City would march poſe or Deſign, and was, two or three
out with him for the Relief of Col- Days 'after, befet. in an Inn at St.
cheſter,
Neots in Huntingtonſhire, by fome few
During the ſhort Stay he made at Horſe who purſued 'him, being joyn'd
Kingſton, fome Officers and Soldiers, with ſome Troops of Colonel Scroopis:
both of Horſe and Foot, came thi- where the Earl deliver'd himſelf Pri-
ther, and many. Perſons of Honour ſoner to the Officer without Reſiſtance;
and Quality, in their Coaches came to yet at the ſame Time Dalbeer and Ke-
viſit him and his Company from Lon- nelm Digby, the eldeſt Son of Sir Kenelmi
don; and return'd thither again to pro- were killed upon the Place; whether
vide what was ſtill wanting, and re- out of former Grudges, or that they
ſolv'd to be with him foon enough. offer'd to defend themſelves, was not
The principal Officer the Earl relied known; and the Duke of Buckingham
upon (though he had better) was Dal- eſcaped, and happily found a Way
beer, a Dutchman, of Name and Repu- into London ; where he lay conceald,
tation, and good Experience in War; till he had an Opportunity to ſecure
who had ſerv'd the Parliament as Com- himſelf by being tranſported into. Hol-
miffary General of Horſe under the land; where the Prince was; who
Earl of Eſex, and having been left receiv'd him with great Grace and
out in the new Model, was amongſt Kindneſs. The Earl of Holland re-
thoſe diſcontented Officers who looked main'd Priſoner in the Place where he
for an Opportunity to be revenged of was taken, till by Order from the
the Army; which they deſpiſed for: Parliament he was ſent to Warwick
their ill breeding and much preaching.. Caſtle, where he was kept Priſoner,
Thus Dalbeer was glad to depend upon with great Strictneſs.
the Earl of Hollaud, who thought The total Defeat of the Scotiſh Army
himſelf likewiſe happy in ſuch an Offi, latély mention'd ſucceeded this, and
The keeping good Guards, and when thoſe noble. Perſons within Cola
fending out Parties towards the Keniiſ cheſter were advertiſed of both, they
Parts, where it was known ſome Troops knew well that there was no Poſſibility
remain'd ſince the laſt Commotion of Relief, nor could they ſubliſt longer
there, was committed to his Care. to expect it, being preſſed with Want,
But he diſcharged it ſo ill, or his Or- of all kind of Vičțual, and having
ders were lo ill obſerv'd, that the ſe- eaten near all their Horſes. They
cond. or third Morning after their ſent therefore to Fairfax, to treat a.
coming to Kingſton, ſome of the Par- bout the Delivery of the Town upon
liament's Foot, with two or three reaſonable Conditions.; but he refuſed
Troops of Colonel Rich's Horſe, fell to treat, or give any Conditions, if they
upon a Party of the Earl's about Non-, would not render to Mercy all the
ſuch; and beat, and purſued them into Officers, -and Gentlemen ;. the Com-
Kingſton, before thoſe within had No. mon Soldiers he was contented to diſ-
tice to be ready to receive them; the miſs. A Day or two was ſpent in De-
Earl and moſt of the reſt making too liberation. They, within, propoſed
much Halte out of Town, and never to make a briſk Sally; and thereby to
offering to charge thoſe Troops. In hift for themſelves, as many as could.
this Confuſion the Lord Francis Vile But they had too few Horſe, and the
6 Í
few
cer.
143
494
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
few that were left uneaten were too demand : When they were informid
weak for that Enterprize. Then, That of it, they thought it a Matter worthy
they ſhould open a Port, and every Man ſome Confideration ; they had choſen
dié with their Arms in their Hands; him out of the Lift for his Quality,
but that Way they could only be conceiving him to be an Engliſh Gen-
ſure of being killed, without much tleman; and preferr'd him for being a
hurting their Adverſaries, who had Knight, that they might facrifice
Ways enough ſecurely to aſſault them. three of that Rank.
Hereupon, they were in the End This Delay brought the News of
obliged to deliver themſelves up Priſo- this bloody Reſolution to the Priſoners
ners at Mercy; and were, all the in the Town; who were infinitely
Officers and Gentlemen, ºled into the amicted with it, and the Lord Capel
publick Hall of the Town;' where prevailed with an Officer, or Soldier,
they were locked up, and a ſtrong of their Guard, to carry a Letter,
Guard ſet upon them. They were re- ſign’d by the chief Perſons and Ofi-
quired preſently to ſend a Liſt of their cers, and in the Name of the reſt, to
Names to the General; which they the General; in which they took No-
did; and, within a ſhort Time after, tice of that Judgment, and deſir'd
a Guard was ſent to bring Sir Charles him, Either to forbear the Execution
Lucas, and Sir George Liſle, and Sir of it, or that they might all who were
Bernard Gaſcoigne to the General, be- equally guilty with thoſe three, undergo
ing face with his Council of War. the ſame
. Sentence with them. The
They were carried in, and in a very Letter was deliver'd, but had no other
fort Diſcourſe told, That after ſo long Effect than the ſending to the Officer
and ſo obſtinate a Defence, until they to diſpatch his Order, reſerving the
found it neceſſary to deliver themſelves Italian to the lat. Sir Charles Lucas
up to Mercy, it was neceſſary, for the was their firſt Work; who fell dead;
Example of others, and that the Peace upon which Sir George Liſe ran to him,
of the Kingdom might be no more diſturb. embraced and killed him; and then
ed in that Manner, that ſome Military ſtood up, and looked thoſe who were
Juſtice ſhould be executed ; and there. to execute him in the Face; and think-
fore, that Council bad determin’d ing they ſtood at too great a Diſtance,
they three should be preſently ſhot to ſpake to them to come nearer,
Death; for which they were adviſed to which one of them ſaid, I'll warrant
prepare themſelves; and without con- you, Sir, we'll hit you : He anſwer'd
lidering, or hearing what they had a ſmiling, Friends, I have been nearer
mind to fay for themſelves, they were you when you have miſs'd me. There-
led into a Yard there by; where they upon, they all fired upon him, and
found three Files of Muſqueteers ready did their Work home, ſo that he fell
for their Diſpatch..
down dead of many Wounds without
Sir Bernard Gaſcoigne was a Gentle- ſpeaking a Word. Sir Bernard Gaf-
inan of Florence; and had ſerv'd the coigne had his Doublet off, and expect-
King in the War, and afterwards re- ed the next turn; but the Officer told
maind in London till the unhappy Ad- him, He had Order to carry him back
venture of Colcheſter, and then accom- to bis Friends; which at that Time
panied his Friends thither ; and had was very indifferent to him.
The
only Engliſh enough to make himſelf Council of War had conſider'd, that
underſtood, that he deſired a Pen and if they ſhould in this manner have
Ink and Paper, that he might write taken the Life of a Foreigner, who
a Letter to his Prince the great Duke, ſeem'd to be a Perſon of Quality,
that his Highneſs might know in what their Friends or Children who ſhould
Manner he loft his Life, to the End viſit Italy, might pay dear for many
his Heirs might poffefs his Eftate. Generations; and therefore they com-
The Officer that attended the Execu. manded the Officer, when the other
tion thought fit to acquaint the Gene two hould be dead, 'to carry him back
ral and Council, without. which he again to the other Priſoners.
durft not allow him Pen and Ink, The Manner of taking the Lives of
which he thought he might reaſonably theſe worthy Men was new, and with-
to
Out
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
495
out Example, and concluded by moſt Counſels. So that Cromwell had no
Men to be very barbarous; and was ſooner begun his March towards the
generally im puted to Ireton, who North, and Fairfax his into Kent,
fwayed the General, and was upon all but the Common Council deliver'd a
Occaſions of an unmerciful and bloody Petition to the Parliament, That they
Nature. As ſoon as this bloody Sa- would entertain a Perſonal Treaty with
crifice was ended, Fairfax, with the the King, that the Kingdom might be
chief Officers, went to the Town- reſtored again to a bappy Peace, whicla
Houſe to viſit the Priſoners; and the could be hoped for no other Way..
General applied with his Civility to This was the firſt Preſumption that
the Earl of Norwich, and the Lord had been offer'd, ſince their Vote of
Capel; and, ſeeming in ſome Degree of no more Addreſſes to be made to
to excuſe the having done that, which the King; which had been near half
he ſaid, The Military Juſtice required, a Year before; and this ſeem'd to be
he told them, That all the Lives of made with ſo univerſal a Concurrence
the reſt were ſafe; and that they ſhould be of the City, that the Parliament durft
well treated, and diſpoſed of as the not give a poſitive Refuſal to it.
Parliament ſhould direct. The Lord And in truth the major Part thereof
Capel had not ſo ſoon digeſted this ſo did really deſire the ſame Thing ;
late barbarous Proceeding, as to re which måde Sir Harry, Vane, and that
ceive the Viſit of thoſe who cauſed it, - Party in the Parliament to which the .
with ſuch a Return as his Condition Army adher'd, or rather which ad-
might have prompted to him ; but her'd to the Army, to contrive ſome
ſaid, That they should do well to finiſh ſpecious Way to defer and delay it,
their Work, and execute the ſame Ri- by ſeeming to conſent to it, rather
gour to the reſt ; upon which there than to oppoſe the Motion.
And
were two or three ſuch ſharp and bit. therefore they appointed a Committee
ter Replies between him and Ireton, of the Houſe of Commons, to meet
that coſt him his Life in few Months with ſuch a Committee of the Com.
after. When the General had given mon Council, as they ſhould make
Notice to the Parliament of his Pro. Choice of, to confer together of the
ceedings, he receivd. Order to ſend Ways and Means to provide for the
the Earl of Norwich and the Lord King's Safety and Security during the
Capel to Windſor Caſtle ; where they Time of the Treaty: Which Com-
had afterwards the Society of Duke mittee being met together, that of the
Hamilton, to lament each others Mis- Houſe of Commons perplex'd the
fortunes, and after ſome Time they other with many Queſtions, What they
two were ſent to the Tower.
meant by thoſe Expreſſions they uſed in
Though the City had undergone ſo their Petition (and had been the Com-
many fevere. Mortifications, that it mon Expreſſions, long uſed both by
might very well have been diſcouraged the King and the Parliament, in all
from entring into any more dangerous Applications which had concernd a
Engagements, at leaſt all other Peo- Treaty) That his Majeſty might treat
ple might have been terrified from with Honour, Freedom, and Safety ?
depending again upon ſuch Engage- what they intended by thoſe words?
ments, yet the preſent Fright was no and whether the City would be at the
ſooner over, than they recover'd new Charge in maintaining thoſe Guards,
Spirits for new Undertakings; and which were to be kept for the Security of
ſeem'd always to have obfervid fome- the King during ſuch Treaty : And if
what in the laſt Miſcarriage which the King Mould in that Treaty refuſe to
might be hereafter prevented, and no give the Parliament Satisfaction, how
more obſtruct their future Proceedings; bis Perſon should be diſpoſed of? and
and many in the Parliament, as well many ſuch Queſtions, to which they
as in the City, who were controlled well knew that the Committee itſelf
and diſpirited by the Preſence of the could make no Anfwer, but that there
Army, when that was at a Diſtance, muſt be another Common Council
appear'd reſolute and briſk in any called, to which they muſt repair for
Contradiction and Oppoſition of their Directions. And by this Means, and
ad.
4
496
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
:
taining thoſe Guards which should be Council. He named likewiſe all
adminiſtring new Queſtions at every ſhould dietate, yet they fiould not be put
Meeting; much Time was ſpent, and to ſtay long for an Anſwer; which he
the Delays they wiſhed could not be gave them within two or three Days,
avoided. So that notwithſtanding all the all written in his own Hand; in
City's Earneſtneſs that the Treaty might which, after he had lamented his
pre-
be preſently enter'd'upon, it was delay- ſent Condition, and 'the extreme Re-
ed till the Inſurrection in Kent, and ſtraint he was under, he ſaid, He did
the Deſigns of the Earl of Holland (to very chearfully embrace their Motion,
both which they had promiſed another and accepted a Treaty they promiſed
kind of Aliſtance) were both diſap- pould be with Honour, Freedom, and
pointed, and expired. However, the Safety; which be, hoped they did really
Prince was ſtill in the Downs with his intend ſould be perform’d; for that, in
Fleet, and the Gentlemen in Colcheſter the Condition he was in, he was ſo to-
defended themſelves reſolutely, and tally ignorant, and uninformºd of the
the Scotiſh Army was enter'd the King- preſent State of all bis Dominions, that
dom, all which kept up their Courage; a blind Man-was as fit to judge of Co-
inſomuch as, after all the Delays, the lours, as he was to treat concerning the
Parliament conſented, and declar'd, Peace of the Kingdom, except they would
That they would enter into a Perſonal firſt revoke their votes and Orders, by.
Treaty with the King for the ſettling the quhich all Men. were prohibited, and
Peace of the Kingdom; but that the forbid to come, write, or ſpeak to him.
Treaty Mould be in the Iſle of Wight, He ſent a Liſt of the Names of thoſe
where his Majeſty Mņould enjoy Honour, his Servants which he deſired might
Freedom, and Safety.
be admitted to come to him, and at-
The City had offer'd before to the tend upon him; whereof the Duke of
Committee upon ſome of the Queſtions. Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford,
which had been adminiſter'd to them, the Earls of Southampton and Lindſey,
That if the Treaty might be in London, were the chief; all four Gentlemen of
they would be at the Charge of main. his
. Bed-Chamber, and of his Privy.
the
neceſſary for the Safety, and Security of other Servants, whoſe Attendance he
the King; and therefore they were deſir'd in their ſeveral Offices. He
very much troubled, that the Treaty. ſent a Liſt of the Names of ſeveral
ſhould be now in the Iſe of Wight, Biſhops, and of fuch of his Chaplains,
upon which they could have no Influ as he deſir'd to confer with, and of
ence; yet they thought not fit to many. Common Lawyers, and ſome
make any new Inſtances for Change Civilians, whoſe Advice he rnight
of the Place, left the Parliament have Occaſion to uſe ; and defird,
might recede from their Vote, that. That he might be in the ſame State of
there ſhould be a Treaty enter'd upon. Freedom, as be enjoyed whilft he had
So they only renew'd their Importu. been at Hampton Court.
nity, that all Expedition might be By the Time that the Commiſſioners
uſed ; and in ſpight of all Delays, in return'd from the Iſle of Wight, and
the Beginning of August, a Commit- deliver'd this Anſwer to the Parlia-
tee was ſent from both Houſes to the ment, news was brought of the Defeat
King to Cariſbrooke Caſtle, where he of the Scotiſh Army, and Cromwell
had been cloſe ſhut up about half a had written to his Friends, What a
Year, without being ſuffer'd to ſpeak perpetual Ignominy it would be to the
with any but ſuch who were appointed Parliament, that no Body abroad or at
by them to attend, and watch him., home would ever give Credit to them,
The King receiv'd them very gra- if they should recede from their former
ciouſly, and told them, They could not Vote, and Declaration of no. farther
believe that any Man could defire a Addreſſes to the King, and conjured.
Peace more beartily than himſelf, be them to continue firm in that Reſolution.
cauſe no Man suffered so much by the But they had gone too far now to re-
Want of it: That, though he was cede, and ſince the firſt Motion and
without any Man to conſult with, and Petition from the Common Council for
without a Secretary to write what he a Treaty, very many Members, who
.
I
had
in the. Reign" of King CHARLES I.
497
1
:
had oppoſed the Vote and Declaration that only Work of Difficulty that ret
of no more Addreſſes, and from the main'd to be done, which was the re-
Time that had paſſed, had forborne ducing Pontfret Caſtle; but left Lam-
ever to be preſeri in the Parliament, bert to make an End of it, and to re-
upon the firſt Mention of a Treaty, venge the Death of Rainſborough, who
Hock'd again to the Houſe, and ad- had loſt his Life by that Garriſon,
vanced that Overture ; fo that they with ſome Circumſtances which der
were much ſuperior in Number to thoſe ſerve to be remember'd; as in truth
10 endeavour'd firſt to obftruet and all that Adventure in the. taking,
delay, and now hoped abſolutely and defending that place, ſhould be
to fruſtrate all that had been propoſed preſervd.by a very particular Relation,
towards a Treaty. And the great for the Honour of all the Perſons who
Victory which had been obtain'd, a were engaged in it.
gainſt the Scots, and which they con
When the firſt War had been
cluded muſt. ſpeedily reduce Colcheſter, brought to an End by the Reduction
and put a quick Period to all other of all Places, and Perſons, which had
Attempts againſt the Parliament, miade held for the King, and all Men's
them more earneſt and follicitous for a Hopes had been render'd deſperate,
Treaty ; : which was all the Hope left by the Impriſonment of his Majeſty in
to prevent that Confuſion they diſcern'd the Iſle of Wight, thoſe Officers and
was the Purpoſe of the Army to bring Gentlemen who had ſerv’d, whilſt
upon the Kingdom : And ſo with the there was any Service, betook them-
more Vigour they preffed, That Satis- felves generally to the Habitations they
faction might be given to the King, had in the ſeveral Counties; where
in all that he had propoſed in bis An. they livd quietly and privately, under
fwer; and, notwithſtanding all Oppo- the Inſolence of thoſe Neighbours who
fition, it was declar'd, That the Vote had formerly, by the Inferiority of
for. no more Addreſſes should ſtand re- their Conditions, ſubmitted to them.
pealed : That the Treaty ſhould be at When the Parliament had finiſh'd the
Newport ; and that bis Majeſty ſhould War, they reduced, and fighted moſt
be there in the ſame Freedom in which.be of the Inland Garriſons, the Mainte-
was at Hampton Court; that all thoſe nance: whereof was very chargeable :
Perſons who were named by the King, Yet
Yet by the Intereſt of ſome Perſon
should have free Liberty to repair to who commanded.it, or out of the Con-
him, and to remain with him without lideration of the Strength and Impor-
being queſtion’d, or troubled. And hav- tance of the Place, they kept till the
ing proceeded thus far, they nominated Garriſon of Pontfret Caſtle; a, noble
five Lords, and ten Commoners, to Royalty and Palace belonging to the
be the Commiſſioners who ſhould treat Crown, and then part of the Queen's
with the King, and who were enjoynd Joynture. The Situation in itſelf was
to prepare all Things to be in a Readi- very ſtrong; no Part whereof was
neſs for the Treaty - with all poſſible commanded by any other Ground;
Expedition ; but Sir Harry Vane being the Houfe very large, with all Offices
one of thoſe Commiſſioners, uſed all ſuitable to a princely Seat, and though
his Arts to obſtruct and delay it, in built very near the Top of a Hill, To
hope that Cromwell would diſpatch his that it had the Proſpect of a great Part
Affairs in Scotland time enough to re of the Weſt-Riding of Yorkſhire, and
turn, and to uſe more effectual and of Lincolnſhire, and Nottinghamſhire,
powerful Arguments againſt it, than yet it was plentifully ſupplied with
he was furnith'd withal.
Water. Colonel Cottercl, the Gover-
All theſe. Occurrences were very well nor of this Cattle, exerciſed, a very fe-
known to Cromwell, and were the vere Juriſdiction over his Neighbours,
Motives which perſwaded him to be of thoſe Parts; which were inhabited
lieve, that his Preſence at the Parlia- by many Gentlemen, . and Soldiers,
ment, was ſo neceſſary to ſuppreſs the who had ſerv'd the King throughout
Preſbyterians, who ceaſed not to vex the War, and who were known to
him at any Diſtance, that he would retain their old Affections, though
not be prevail'd with to ſtay and finiſh they liv'd quietly under the preſent
6 K
Govern-
144
499
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Government. Upon the leaſt Jealouſy preferr'd to the Command of a Colonel,
or Humour, theſe Men were frequently and perform'd many notable-Services
ſent 'for, reproached, and ſometimes for them, being a ſtout and bold Un-
impriſon'd by the Governor in this dertaker in Attempts of the greateft
Garriſon ; which did not render them Danger; wherein he had uſually Suc-
the more devoted to him. When ceſs.
When ceſs. After the new modelling the
there appearld!' fome Hopes that the Army, and the introducing of a ſtricter
Scols, would raile an Army for the Re- Diſcipline, his Life of great Licenſe
lief and Releaſe of the King, Sir More kept not his Reputation with the new
maduke Langdale, in his Way for Scot- Officers ; and being a free Speaker
tand, had viſited and conferr'd with and Cenlurer of their affected Beha-
Tome of his old Friends and Country: viour, they left him out in their com-
men, who now liv'd quietly within pounding their new Army, büť with
fome Diſtance of Pontfret, 'who in many Profeſſions of Kindneſs and Re-
form'd him of that Garriſon, the Place ſpect to his eminent Courage, which
whereof was well known to him. they would find ſome Occaſion to em-
And he'acquainting them with the Al-. ploy, and reward. He was a Gentle-
ſurance he had of the Reſolution of the man of a competent Eſtate in thoſe
principal Perſons of the Kingdom of Parts in Yorkſhire ; and as he had
Scotland, and that they had invited grown elder, he had heartily deteſted
him to joyn with them, in order to himſelf for having quitted the King's
which he was then going thither, they Service, and had reſolvid to take ſome
agreed; That, when it should appear ſeaſonable Opportunity to wipe off
that an Army was raiſed in Scotland that Blemiſh by a Service that would
upon that Accouut, which muſt draw redeem him; and ſo was not troubled
down the Parliament's Army into the to be ſet aſide by, the new General, but
other Northern Counties, and that there betook himſelf to his Eftate ;. enjoy'd
Mould be Rilings in other Parts of the his old Humour, which was chearful and
Kingdom', that then thoſe Gentlemen pleaſant; and made himſelf moft ac-
Jhould endeavour the Surprize of that ceptable to thoſe who were moſt truſted
Caſtle, and after they had made them- by the Parliament; who thought they
ſelves ſtrong in it, and fürniſk'd it with had diſmiſſed one of the beſt Officers
*Proviſions to 'endure Tome Rėſtraint, they had, and were ſorry for it.
they ſhould draw as good a Body to them He now, as a Country Gentlemari,
as thoſe Corintries would yield-
: And frequented the Fairs and Markets, and
having thus adjuſted that Deſign, they converſed with equal freedom with all
ſettled ſuch a way of Correſpondence his Neighbours, of what Party ſoever
with Sir Marmaduke that they fre- they had been, and renewed the Friend
quently gave him an Account and ſhip he had formerly held with ſome of
receiv'd his Directions for their Prom thoſe Gentlemen who had ferved the
ceeding. In this Diſpoſition they con- King. But'no-Friendſhip was ſo dear
tinued quict, as they had always been'; 'to him, as that of the Governor of
and the Governor of the Caſtle liv'd td- Pontfret Caſtle, who loved him above
wards them with leſs Jealouſy, and all Men, and delighted ſo much in
more Humanity, than he had been his Company, that he got him to be
accuſtom'd to.
'with him ſometimes a Week and more
There was one Colonel Morrice, at a Time in the Caſtle, when they al-
who being a very young Man, had, in ways lay together in one Bed. He
the Beginning of the War; been an declared to one 'of thoſe Gentlemen,
Officer in fome Regiments, of the who were united together to make that
King's; and out of the Folly and Im- 'Attempt, That he would ſurpriſe that
patience of his Youth, had quitted Caſtle, whenever they should think the
that Service, and engaged himſelf in Seafon ripe for it';' and that Gentleman,
the Parliament Army with ſome Cir- who knew him. very well, believ'd
cumſtances not very commendable; 'him ſo entirely, that he told his Com-
and by the Clearneſs of his Courage, panions, Thai they should not trouble
and Pleaſantnefs of his Humour, made themſelves with contriving the Means to
himſelf not only very acceptable, but was furprize the Place'; which by' trufting
1
too
6
+
490
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
into;
ܪܢ
too many, would be liable to diſcovery.; like, under Pretençe, Tbei he found hins
but that he would take that Charge upon always afeep, or ſome other
. Fault
bimiſelf, by a Way. they need not inquire which was not to be examin'd; and
which he affured them ſhould then he would commend ſome other
not fail: And they all very: willingly to him as very fit to be truſted and
acquieſced in his undertaking to feļied upon; and by this Mcans he had
which they knew 'well he was not in- very much Power in the Garriſon.
clined without good Grounds. The Gavernor received ſeveral Letters
Morrice was more frequently with from his Friends in the Parliament,
the Governor, who never thought and in the Country, Tbathe.jould take
himſelf well without him; and always care of. Colonel Morricę, who reſolved
told him, He muſt, bave a great care of to betřay him ;, and informed him,
his Garriſon, that he had none.but faith. That he had been in ſuch and ſuch Coiii-
fuil :
Men in the Caſtle ;. for that be was pany of Men, who were generally eſteemed
confident there were ſome Men who livid 5110ft, malignant, and bad great Intrigucs
noi far off, and who'many times caine to with them; all which was well known
viſit him, had ſome Defion upon the to the Governor; for the other was
Place; and would then in Confidence never : in any of thaf Company, tho'
riame many · Perfons. to him, ſome with all the ſhew of ſecrecy, in the
whereof were thofe very Men avith Night,, or in places remote from any
whom he communicated, and athers Houſe, but he always told the Gover-
were Men of another Temper, and nor of it, and of many particular
. Paſ-
were moſt devoted to the Parliament, ſages in thoſe Meetings, ſo that when
all his particular Friends and Com. theſe Letters came to him, he ſhewºd
panions ; But that he should not be them ſtill
, to the other, and then hothi
troubled; for he had a falſe. Brother:a- of them, laugh'd at the Injelligence;
*mongst them, from.wbom be wasifure to after which Morrice frequently called
have Seafonable Advertiſements and for his Horſe, and went home to his
promiſed him, That he would, within Houſe, telling his Friend, That though
*ifeze hours Notice, bring him at any he had, he knew, $o. miſtrust of his
time. forty or fifty good Men into the Friendfhip, and knew him 100 eelt.de
Caftle ta: reinforce bis Garriſon, when think bịm capable of juch Baſeneſs, yet he
there ſhould be Occaſions and he would ought not for bis own fake. be thought to
Thew' hiin the Liſt of ſuch Mện; as Night, the Information, which would
would be always ready, and would make bis Friends the lefs careful of bim:
fometimes bring ſome of thoſe Men that therefore be ivould forbear coming 10
with him, and tell the Governor be- the Castle again, till the jealouſy of his
fore them, That thoſe were in the List Friends fould be over; who would know
he bad given bini of- the honeſt fellows, of this, and be ſatisfied with it, and no
wuho would ſtick to him when there: fhould Power of the Governor could prevail
he need; and others would accidentally with him, at ſuch times, to ſtay ; but
tell the Governor, That they had lifted he would be gone, and ſtay away till
themſelves with Colonel Morrice to come he was, after ſome time; ſent for again
to the Caſtle, whenever be ſhould call or with great importunity, the Gover-
ſend to them. And all theſe Men çhus , nor defiring his Counſel and Aſſiſtance
liſted, were fellows very notorious for as much as his Company.
their Bitterneſs and Malice which they It fell out, as it uſually doth in Af-
had always againſt the King, not cne fairs of that Nature, when many Meri
of which he ever intended to make uſe are engaged, that there is an Impa-
of.
tience to execute what is projected,
He made himſelf very familiar with before, the Time be thoroughly ripe.
all the Soldiers in the Caſtle, and uſed The Buſineſs of the Fleet, and in Kent,
to play and drink with them; and and other Places, and the daily Alarms
when he lay there; would often riſe from Scotland, as if that Army had
in the Night, and viſit the Guards; been entring the Kingdom, made the
and by that Means would ſometimes Gentlemen who were engaged for this
make the Governor diſmiſs, and dif- Enterprize, imagine that they deferr'd
charge a Soldier whom he did not it too long, and that though they had
received
4
1
500
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
received no Orders from Sir Marma- reſtrain’d, and had leiſure to fetch in
duke Langdale, which they were tº all ſorts of Proviſions, for Support,
expect, yet they had been ſent, and and to make and renew ſuch Fortifica-
miſcarried. Hereupon they called up- tions as might be neceſſary for the De-
on the Gentleman who had undertaken, fence. From Nottinghan, there came
and he upon Morrice, for the Execu- Sir John Digby, Sir Hugh Gartwright,
tion of the Deſign. The Time agreed and a Son and Nephew of his, who
upon was ſuch a Night, when the Sur- had been good Officers in the Ariny,
priſers were to be ready upon ſuch a. with many Soldiers who had been un-
Part of the Wall, and to have-Ladders der their Command; many other
to mount in two Places, where two Gentlemen of the three Counties were
Soldiers were to be appointed for Sen preſent, and deſerve to have their
tinels who were privy to the Attempt. Names recorded, ſince it was an
Morrice was in the Caſtle, and in Bed Action throughout of great Courage
with the Governor, and according to and Conduct.
his Cuſtom, rofe about the Höur he Cronwell's marching towards the
thought all would be ready. They Scots with the Negtect of thefe Men
without, made the Sign agreed upon, after the firſt Appearance, and only
and were anſwer'd by one of the Sen- appointing ſome County Troops to in
tinels from the Wall; upon which cloſe them from increafing their
they run to both Places where they Strength, gave them great opportu-
were to mount their Ladders. By nity to grow; ſo that driving thoſe
ſome Accident, the other Sentinel who Troops to a greater Diſtance, they
was deſigned, was not upon the other drew Contribution from all the Parts
Part of the Wall; but when the Lad. about them, and made Incurſions
der was mounted there, the Sentinel much farther, and render'd themſelves
called out; and finding that there fo terrible, that, as was ſaid before,
were Men under the Wall, “run to- after the Scotiſh Defeat, thoſe of York-
wards the Court of Guard to call for fire fent very earneſtly to Cromwell,
help ; which gave an Alarm to the That be would make it the Buſineſs of his
Garriſon : To that, for that Time, Army to reduce Pontfret. But he, re-
the Deſign was diſappointed. But, ſolving upon his Scotiſh Expedition,
ſhortly aftcr, Morrice, and ſome of thought it enough to ſend Raint-
the fame Gentlemen ſurpriſed the borough to perform that Service, with
Caſtle, under the diſguiſe of Country- a Regiment of Horſe, and one or two
men coming in with Carts of Provi- of Foot, belonging to the Army;
fion; and preſently ſeized on and ma- which, with a Conjunction of the
ſter'd the main Guard, and made way Country Forces under the ſame Com-
for their Friends, Horſe and Foot, to mand, he doubted not would be ſuf-
Then two or three of them ficient to perform a greater Work. As
went to the Govenour's Chamber, ſoon as the Caſtle had been reduced,
whom they found in his 'Bed, and they who were poffeſsid of it were very
told him, The Caſtle was ſurpriſed, wiliing to be under Command of More
and himſelf 'o Priſoner. He betook rice; who declared he would not ac-
himſelf to his Arms for his Defence, cept the Charge, nor be Governor
but quickly found that his Friend had of the Place, knowing well what
betrayed it, and the other Gentlemen Jealouſies he might be liable to, at
appearing; of whom he had been before leaft upon any Change of Fortune,
warn’d, his Defence was to no Pur- but under the Direction of Sir John
poſe, yet he received ſome Wounds. Digby; who was Colonel General of
Morrice afterwards comforted him thoſe Parts, and was a Man rather
with Aſurance of good Uſage, and that cordial in the Service, than equal to
be would procure bis Pardon from the the Command; which made him refer
King for his Rebellion.
all Things ſtill to the Counſel, and
They put the Garriſon in good Or- Conduct of thoſe Officers who were
der, and ſo many came to them from under him ; by, whoſe Activity, as
Yorkſhire, Nottingham, and Lincoln, much was done as could be expected
that they could not in a ſhort Time be from ſuch a Knot of reſolute Perlons,
enter.
I
2
The
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 501
The total Defeat of the Scotif Army negligently with them of News; and,
being now generally known, and that it being broad Day, ſome of the Horſe
their Friends in all other Places, were alighted, and the Foot went to the
defeated, they in the Caſtle well knew Court of Guard, conceiving that Morn-
what they were preſently to expect, ing's Work to be over. They who
and that they ſhould be ſhortly ſhut up went into the Inn, where no body was:
from making farther Excurſions. They awake, but the Fellow who opened the
heard that Rainſborough was upon his Gate, alked in which Chambert the
March towards them, and had already General (for-fo, all the Soldiers called
ſent fome Troops to be quarter'd near Rainſborough) lay; and the Fellow
them, himſelf yet keeping his head ſhewing them from below, the Cham-
Quarters at Doncaſter, ten Miles from ber Door, two of them went up and
the Caſtle. They reſolv'd, whilft they the other ſtay'd below, and held the
yet enjoy'd this Liberty, to make a Horſes, and talked with the Soldier
noble Attempt. They had been in: who had walked with them from the
form'd, that Sir Marmaduke Langdale Guardi The two who went up, open'd
(whom they ſtill called their General) the Chamber Door, found Rainfíci
after the Overthrow of the Scotiffs Ar- rough in his Bed; büt awakened with
my. had been taken Priſoner, and re- the little Noiſe they had made. They
mained in Nottingham Caſtle under a told him in ſhort, That he was their
moſt ſtrict Cuſtody, as a Man the ParPriſoner, and that it was in bis Power
liament declared, They would make an ta chiuſe wbether be would be preſently
Example of their Juſtice. A Party of killed, or quietly, wiibaut making Re-
about twenty Horſe, but picked and fiftance, or Delay, to put on his Cloathes,
choice. Men, went out of the Caſtle, and be mounted upon a Horfe, that was
in the Beginning of the Night, with a ready. belowa: for him, and accompany
Reſolution to take Rainſborough, Pri- them ta Pontfret
ſoner, and thereby to ranſom their Ge The preſent Danger awaken'd him
neral. They were all good Guidesout of the Aamazemept he was in fo
and underſtood the Ways, private and that he told them he would wait upon
publick; very exactly; and wert ſa chem; and made the Halte that was
far, that about the break of Day: or neceſſary to put on his Cloaths. One
Jittle after, in the End of August, they of them: took his Sword, and fo
put themſelves into the Common Road they led him down Stairs. He that
that.. led from York, by, which Ways held the Horfes, had ſent the Soldier
the Guards expected no Enemy; and away to thoſe who were gone before,
ſo ſlightly aſked them, Whence they to ſpeak to them to get fome" Drink,
came? who negligently anſwer'd; and and any thing elſe, that could be made
aſked again, bere their General was ready in the Houſe, againft they came.
ſaying, They had a Letter for bim When Rainſborough came into the
from Cromwell. They fent one to Street, which he expected to find füil
thew them where the General wass of Horſe, and .faw.only one Man, who
which they knew well enough; and held the others Horſes, and preſently
that he lay at the beſt Inn of the mounted that he might be bound bea
Town. And when the Gate of the Inn hind him, he begun to ftruggle, and
was opened to them, three of them cry out.. Whereupon, when they ſaw
only enter'd into the Inn, the other no Hope of carrying him away, they
rode to the other End of the Town to immediately run him through with their
the Bridge, over which they were to Swords; and leaving him dead upon
paſs towards Pontfret; where they ex the Ground, they got upon their Horles,
pected, and did find a Guard of Horſe and rode towards their Fellows, before
and Foot, with whom they entertaind any in the Inn could be ready to follow
themſelves in Diſcourſe, ſaying, They them. When thoſe at the Bridge faw
Stayed for their Officer, who went only their Companions coming, which was
in to ſpeak with the General; and cal.. their Sign, being well prepared, and
led for ſome Drink. The Guards knowing what they were to do, they
making no queſtion of their being turn'd upon the Guard, and made
Friends, fent for Drink, and talked them. Ay in Diſtraction; so that the
145
6 L
Way
502
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.Way was clear and free; and though After frequent Mortifications of this
they 'miſſed carrying home the Prize kind, and no human Hope of Rés
for which they had made ſo luſty an lief, they were content to offer to
Adventure, they joyn'd together, and , treat for the Delivery of the Caſtle,
marched, with the Expedition that was if they might have honourable Con-
neceſſary, a ſhorter Way: than they ditions ; if not, they fent Word,
had come, to their Garriſon ; leaving That they had Proviſions yet for a
the Town and Soldiers behind in ſuch good Time; that they durſt die, and
a Confternation, that, not being able would jell their Lives at as dear a Price
to receive any Information from their as they could.
General, whom they found dead upon Lambert anſwer'd, That he knew
the Ground without any body in View, they were gallant Men, and that be des
they thought the Devil had been there'; firid to preſerve as many of them, as
and could not recollect themſelves, was in bis Power
' to do, but be muſt re-
which way they were to purfue an E. quire fix of them to be given up to bim,
nemy'they had 'not feen.: The Gallant whoſe Lives be could not ſave'; which
Party came fafc home without the be was forry for, ſince they were brave
deaft Damage to Horſe or Man, hoping Men ; but bis Hands were bound. The
to make ſome other Attempt more fix excepted by. him were Colonel
ſucceſsfully, by which they might re- Morrice, and five more whoſe Names
deem Sir Marmaduke Langdale. There he found to have been amongſt thoſe
was not an Officer in the Army whom who were in the Party that had de-
Gromwell would not as willingly have ſtroy'd Rainſborough, which was an
loft as this Man; who was bold and Enterprize no brave Enemy. would
barbarous to his Wilh, and. fit to be have revenged in that Manner Nor
entruſted in the moſt deſperate Intereſt, did Lambert deſire it, but Cromwell
and was the Man whom that Party had enjoynd it him: Aų the reſt he
always intended to commit the Mari was content to releaſe, that they might
time Affairs to, when it ſhould be return to their Houſes, and apply them-
Time to diſmiſs the Earl of Warwick; ſelves to the Parliament for their Com-
he having been bred in that Element, poſitions, towards which he would do
and knowing the Duty of it very well, them all the good Offices he could. They
though he had that Misfortune ſpoken from within acknowledg’d his Civility
of in the Beginning of the Summer. in that Particular, and would be glad
And now to finiſh this Buſineſs of to embrace it, but they would never
Pontfret altogether, which laſted near be guilty of ſo baſe a Thing, as to de-
to the End of this Year, when Lam- liver up any of their Companions; and
bert came to this Charge (inſtructed therefore they deſir'd, That they might
by Cromwell to take full Vengeance have fix Days allow'd them, that thoſe
for the Loſs of Rainſborough, to whoſe fix might do the beft they could to deliver
Ghoſt he deſign’d an ample Sacrifice) themſelves ; in which it ſhould be law-
and kept what Body of Men he thought - ful for the reſt to aſſiſt them; to which
fit for that Purpoſe, he reduced them Lambert generouſly conſented, so that
in ſhort Time within their own Cir-'the reſt would ſurrender at the end of
cuit, making good Works round about that Time ; which was agreed to. Upon
the Caſtle, that they might at laſt yield the firſt Day the Garrifon appear'd
to Hunger, if nothing elſe would re- twice or thrice, as if they were re-
claim them Nor did they quietly ſolvd to make a Sally, but retired every
fuffer themſelves to be cooped up with Time without charging; but the fe-
out bold and frequent Sallies, in which cond Day they made a very ſtrong and
many of the Beſiegers, as well as others, briſk Sally upon another. Place than
loſt their Lives. They diſcover'd where they had appear'd the Day be-
many of the Country who held Cor- fore, and beat the Enemy from their
reſpondence with, and gave Intelli- Poft, with the Loſs of Men on both
gence to the Caſtle, whom they ap- Sides; and though the Party of the
prehended, whereof there were two Caſtle was beaten back, two of the ſix
Divines, and ſome Women of Note, (whereof Morrice was one) made their
Friends and Allies to the Beſieged. Eſcape, the other: fourbeing forced to
retire
**
in the Reign of King CHARLES 1.
503
retire with the reſt. And all was quiet Morrice was afterwards taken in Lan:
for two whole Days; but in the Begin- caſhire, and happend to be put to
ning of the Night of the fourth Day, · Death in the fame Place where he had
they made another Attempt fo proſpe. committed a Fault againſt the King;
rouſly, that two of the other four like- and where he - firſt perform'd a great
wiſe eſcaped : And the next Day they Service to the Parliament.
made great Shews of Joy, and ſent In this deſperate Condition; that is
Lambert word, That their fix Friends before defcribed, ſtood the King's Af:
were gone (though there were two ſtill fairs when the Prince was at the Hagues
remaining) and therefore they would be his Fleet already mutinying for Pay,
ready the next Day to ſurrender. ' his own. Family factious and in Ne-
The other two thought it. to. no Pur-. ceflity, and that of his Brother the
poſe to make another
. Attempt, but Duke of York full of Intrigues; and
deviſed another Way to ſecure them- Deſigns, between the reſtleſs unquiet
ſelves, with a leſs dangerous Affi- Spirit of Bamfield, and the ambitious
ſtance from their friends who had and as unquiet Humour of Sir John
loſt ſome of their own Lives, in the Berkley; and the unſteady Humour of
two.. former Sallies to ſave theirs. the Common Seamen at this Time was
The Buildings of the Caſtle were very the more unſeaforable, by the Earl of
large and ſpacious, and there were Warwick's coming with another Fleet
great Store of waſte Stone from ſome from the Parliament upon the Coaſt of
Walls, which were fallen down. They Holland, within few Days after the
found a convenient Place, which was Prince came to the Hagues and an.
like to be leaſt viſited; where they choring within View of the King's
walled up their two Friends in ſuch a Fleet. And it is probable he would
Manner that they had Air to ſuſtain have made ſome hoftile Attempt upon
them, and Vićtual enough to feed it, well knowing that many Officers
them a Month, in which Time they and Seamen were on Shore, if the
hoped they might be able to eſcape. States had not in the very Inſtant fent
And this being done, at the Hour ap- ſome of their Ships of War to preſerve
pointed they opend their Ports, and the Peace in their Port. However,
after Lambert had cauſed a ſtrict Inqui- according to the Inſolence of his Ma-
ſition to be made for thoſe fix, none Iters, and: of moſt of thoſe employd
of which he did believe had. in truth 'by them, the Earl ſent a Summons of
eſcaped, and was ſatisfied that none of a ſtrange Nature to the King's Ships,
them were amongſt thoſe who were in which he took Notice, That a Fleet
come out, he receiv'd the reſt .very of Ships, which were part of the Navy
civilly, and obſerv’d his Promiſe made Royal of the Kingdom of England, was
to them very punctually, and did not then riding at Anchor of Helvoet Sluce,
ſeein" ſorry that the fix gallant Men and bearing a Standard: That be did
(as he called them) were eſcaped. therefore by the Parliament's Authority,
And now they heard, which very by which he was conſtituted Lord High
much reliev'd their broken Spirits, thae Admiral of England, require the Ad-
Sir: Marmaduke Langdale had made an miral, or Commander in chief of that
Eſcape out of the Caſtle of Nottingham; Fleět, to take down the Standard ; and
who ſhortly after tranſported himſelf the Captains and Mariners belonging to
beyond the Seas. Lambert preſently the Ships, to render themſelves and the
took care fo to diſmantle the Caſtle, Ships to bim, as High Admiral of Eng-
that there ſhould be no more uſe of it land, and for the Uſe of the King and
for a Garriſon, leaving the vaſt Ruins Parliament : And he did, by the like
ſtill ſtanding; and then threw. off all Authority, offer an Indemnity to all
his Troops to new Quarters; fo that, thoſe who ſhould ſubmit to him.
within ten Days after the Surrender, After which Summons, though re-
the two who were left walled up, threw ceiv'd. by the Lord Willoughby, who
down their Incloſure, and ſecurely pro- remainid on board the. Fleet in the
vided for themſelves. Sir Fobn Digby. Command of Vice-Admiral, with that
liv'd many Years after the King's Re- Indignation that was due to it, and
turn, and was often with his Majeſty. though it made no Impreſſion upon
!
2
the
504
The Hiſtory of the Retellion
thers ſtay'd to do more Miſchief. But jefty; upon his Deſire; that they might
the Officers, nor viſibly; at that Time, fon pould be preſent in the Room where
upon the Conimon Men, yer, during the Treaty should be in Debate : That
the Time the Earl continued in ſo near they were Commiſſioners ſent from the
a Neighbourhood, he did find Means Parliament to treat with bis Majeſty,
by private. Inſinuations, and by ſend- and with him alone ; and that they
ing many of his Seamen on Shore at might not permit any particular and pri-
Helvoet Śluce (where they enter'd into vete Perſons to oppoſe, or confer with
Converſation with their old Compać them upon the Demands of tbe Parlia:
nions) {o to work upon and corrupt ment. So that albeit the Parliament
many of the Seamen, that it afterwards had given leave to the ſeveral Biſhops,
appear'd many were debauch'd ; ſome and other Divines, and to many Law:
whereof went on board his Ships, or. yers of eminency to wait on his Ma-
that ill Neighbourhood continued not inſtruct and inform him in all difficult
long, for the Seaſon of the Years and Caſes which related to Religion or the
the Winds.which uſually rage on that Law of the Land, they were like to
Coaſt in the Month of September,' re. be of little uſe to him now they were
moved him from that Station, and come, if they might not be preſent at
carried him back to the Downs to at the Debate; and offer ſuch "Advice to
tend new Orders.
his Majeſty, aş upon emergent Occa.
In this Calamitous, State of Affairs fions he ſhould ſtand in need of, of
there ſeem'd to be. no Hope left, but require from them. At laſt they were
that by Treaty the King might yet be contented, and his Majeſty was obligt
reſtored to ſuch a Condition, that ed to be contented too, that they
there might be thoſe Roots left in the might ſtand behind a Curtain, and
Crown, from, whence its former' hear all chat. was faid, and when any
Power and Prerogative might ſprout Difficulty occurd as would require
oue hereafter, and Houriſh. The Com. Conſultation, his Majeſty might retire
miſſioners for the Treaty arriv'd in to his Chamber,' and call thoſe to him,
the Ine of Wight upon the fifteenth with whom he would advife; to attend
Day of September, and ſtay'd three him, and might then return again inta
Days in the Iſland, before the Treaty the Room for the Treaty, and declare
begun, which was Time little enough his own Reſolution. This was the un-
to prepare the Houſe for the King's equal and unreaſonable Preliminary and
Reception at. Newport, and adjuſting Condition, to which the King was
many Circumſtances of the Treaty. In compelled to ſubmit before the Treaty
that Time they waited ſeveral Times could begin.
on the King, with great Shew of out They who had not ſeen the King in
ward Duty and Reſpect; and though a Years time. (for it was little leſa
none of them durft adventure to ſee from the Time that he had left Hamp-
the King in private, they communi ton Court) found his Countenance ex-
cated freely with ſome of thoſe Lords, tremely alter’d. From the Time thae
and others, who, with the Parliament's his own Servants had been taken from
leave, were .come to attend the King him, he would never ſuffer his Hair to
during the Time of the Treaty. And be. cut, nor cared to have“any new
fo they found Means to advertiſe his Cloaths ; ſo that his Aſpect and Apa
Majeſty of many · Particulars, which pearance was very different from what
they thought neceffary for him to it had uſed to be : Otherwiſe, his
know; which miade different Impreſ- Health was good, and he was much
fions upon him, as the Informations more chearful in his Diſcourſes towards
proceeded from Perſons. better or all Men than could have been imagin-
worſe affected to him. And many of ed, after ſuch Mortifications of all
thoſe who had Liberay to attend, were Kinds. He was not at all dejected in
competent Conſiderers of the Truth of his Spirits, but carried himſelf with
what they ſaid.
the ſame Majeſty he had uſed to do.
Before the Treaty begun, the Com. His Hair was all gray, which making
miſſioners made it known to the King, all others very ſorrowful, made it
Ibat ibey could not admit that any. Pero thought that he had Sorrow in his
5
Coun-
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 505
Countenance, which appear'd only by as an Evidence of their Duty, to informas
that Shadow,
bim what ill Conſequence the Tranſmiſ-
Upon Monday the 18th of September, - fion of that Paper. at that Time might
the Treaty begun, and the Cornmiſ- be to the Treaty itſelf. Whereupon he
fioners preſented their Commiſſions to declin’d ſending it by a Meſſenger of
his Majeſty, to treat with him perſo. his own for the preſent (which he in-
nally, upon the Propoſitions preſented tended to have done) being unwilling
formerly at Hampton Court, concern to give any Occaſion of Diſpute or Jea-
ing the Kingdom of England and Ire- louſy ſo early, and believing that after
land only, and upon ſuch Propoſitions. he ſhould have gotten a good Under-
as Thould be offer'd either by his Ma- ſtanding with the two Houſes, in
jelty, or the two Houſes of Parliament, what was of immediate Concernment
according to their Inſtructions, &c. to England, he fhould more effectually
Though the King knew very well, tranſmit that, or any other Paper, for
that Cromwell had fo totally ſubdued. the more eaſy compoſing the Affairs
Scotland, that he had not left any Man of Scotland.
there in the leaſt Authority or Power, Then they preſented their firſt Pro-
who did ſo much as pretend to with poſition to his Majeſty; That he would
well to him, and that, in truth, Crom- revoke all Declarations, and Commiſſions
well had as much the Command there granted beretofore by him againſt the
as Argyle himſelf had, who was but Parliament. Whereupon his Majeſty
his Creature, yet either to recover deſired, That he might ſee all the Prom
their broken Spirits, or to manifeft his poſitions, they had to make to bim, tom
own Royal Compaſſion for them, he gether ; that he might the better confider:
told the Commiſſioners. That, when what Satisfa&ion be could give them
the Propoſitions had been deliver'd to upon the whole : Which they would
him at Hampton Court, the Scotiſh In- not yield to without much Importu-
tereſt was ſo involved in them, that it nity, and ag laſt deliver'd them with
could be hardly ſeparable from that of Reluctancy, as a Thing they were noc.
England That it concern?d bim, as ſure they ought to do
King of bath Kingdoms, to be juſt and Hereupon the King demanded of
equal between both; and that though them, Whether they had Power and
they had no Authority to treat for any Authority to recede from any Particular
Thing but what related to England, contained in their Propoſitions, or to
yet be, who was to provide for the pub- conſent to any Alterations, if his Mas
lick Peace, (which could hardly be pro- jeſty Mould give them good Reaſon fo to
vided for, except the Scots were compre- do ? To which they anſwer'd, That
bended in this Treaty) did deſire, that they were ready to Debate, to sew how
they would ſend to the two Houſes of reaſonable their Deſires were, and that
Parliament, to give a Paſs for one of there could be no. Reaſon why they ſhould
bis Servants to go into Scotland, to in- alter. or recede from them ; but if bis
vite the Council there to ſend ſome body Majeſty did ſatisfy them, they ſhould do
authorized by that Kingdom, who might therein as they were warranted by their
treat with the Commiſſioners of Parlia. Inſtructions. Theſe Limitations and
ment : and to that Purpoſe his Ma- Reſtrictions in a Matter of that Impor-
jeſty deliver'd them a Paper in writing tance, which contain'd a new Frame
to be ſent by them to the Parliament, of Government, and an Alteration of
telling them at the ſame Time, That all Civil and Ecclefiaftical Conſtitu-
it was never bis Defire or Meaning, tions, almoſt damped and ſtifled all
that they ſhould meddle in the Govern. the Hope, his Majeſty had entertain'd
ment of England, but only should treat of Good from this Treaty. However,
concerning the Peace, to the End that he reſolv'd to try if conſenting to the
that might be durable. But the Com- ſubſtantial Part of any Propoſition
miffioners alledg’d, That it was not would give them Satisfaction ; and ſo,
in their power to receive and tranſmit without taking Notice of the Preamblo
that, or any other Paper, to the Parlia- of that Propoſition, which they had
ment, that referrid to that Kingdom; deliver'd to him, he declared in wri.
and they befought bim to give them leqve ting, which he deliver'd to them, Thet
147
6 M
be
500
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
1
Paſſion than was natural to his Confti. againſt Pluralities and Non-reſidency ; '
Be was wiling to grant the Body of their which should be sold to the Uſe and Bes
Propofition, that was to recall all De- nefit of the Commonwealth; the Coven,
clarations, &c. But they immediately nant, which was preſented to his Ma-
recutn’d another Paper to him, in jeſty to take himſelf, and to impoſe upon
which they faid, His Majeſty had left all others : The Common-Prayer, and
unanſwer'd the moſt eſſential Part of Publick Liturgy of the Church to be abo-
their Propoſition, repeating the Words liſb’d, and taken away; and that the
in the Preamble, which recited, That Reformation of Religion according to the
the two Houſes of Parliament had been Covenant, in ſuch Manner as both
neceſitated to enter into a War in their Houſes had, or ſhould agree, after Con-.
iust and lawful Defence; and that the fuliation with Divines should be ſettled .
Kingdom of England had entered into a by Act of Parliament :' Which; the
ſolemn League and Covenant to proſecute King told them, exceeded the implicit
the ſame ; and ſo juſtifying all that had Faith of the Church of Rome; which
been done; &c. To all which they rather obliges her Proſelytes to what she
very vehemently preſſed his Majeſty's does bold, than to what ſhe hall. It
Approbation and Conſent, as the most required, The eſtabliſbing the Preſby
neceſſary Foundation of a laſting Peace, terian Government, the Directory, the
and the indiſpenſable Expećtation of the: Articles of Chriſtian Religion (á Body:
two Houſes and of the whole Kingdom. whereof they repreſented) The fuppref.:
And that this might make the deeper Im- ſing Innovations. in Churches ; for the
preſſion upon him, the Lord Say, in the better Advancement of Preaching, the
Debate of it, twice repeated with more Obſervation of the Lord's Day, a Bill.
tion, That he did tremble to think how ſeveral Asts against Papiſts; and the
fad the Confequence would be, if what taking and impoſing the Covenant.
they now preſſed ſhould be denied. And This pregnant Propoſition, containa.
others faid, That it was no more than ing ſo many monſtrous Particulars,
bis Majeſty. had beretofore ganted in the fufficiently warn’d his Majeſty, how:
AEt of Indemnity that be bad palled in impoſſible it would be to give them
Scotland, and if he ſhould now refuſe to Satisfaction in all ; and therefore
do it ins England, there would be a thought it now fit to offer to the Com.
Qpeedy End- put to the Treaty, without miſſioners a Propoſition of his own,
entring. upon any of the other Propoſio that both the Parliament, and the
tions. The King was ſo much per- People, might clearly diſcern how
plexed, and offended with this haughty much of his own Right and Dignity
Way of Reaſoning, that he told thoſe he would facrifice for their. Peace; and
with whom he conſulted, and writ the which, he thought, might prevent :
ſame to the Prince his Son, That the the Deſigns of thoſe who might endeà- .
long. Reſtraint he bad endured in the vour, upon one ſingle Propofition, or
Caſtle of Cariſbrooke, was not a greater part of a Propoſition, to break the
Evidence of the Captivity of his Perſon, Treaty.
nor was, be more ſenſible of it, than this His own Propoſition contained, in
was of the Captivity of his Mind, by very few Words, but three Particulars;
his being forced to decline thoſe. Anſwers . I. That he might enjoy bis Liberty : II.
and Arguments which were proper to That his Revenue might be reſtored to
the Support of bis Cauſe, and which him: Ill. That an Ast of Oblivion
muſt have brought Bluſhes over the Faces might paſs : Which, he very well
of the Commiſſioners, and to frame knew, would be moſt grateful to thoſe
others more ſeaſonable and fit to be offered who ſeem'd to value it leaſt, as it
to: Men in. that Condition from him who would exempt his own Friends from
was to receive, and not give Conditions. any illegal, and unjuft Vexations.
Their Propoſition concerning Re The Commiſſioners abſolutely.rea.
ligion and the Church ; which com- fuſed to ſend it to the Houſes, though
prehended, The utter aboliſing Epif- they had no. Authority to anſwer it
copacy, and all Juriſdi&tion exerciſed by themſelves. They ſaid, It rather con- :
Arch-Biſhops, Biſhops, Deans and Clap- tain'd an Anſwer to their Propoſitions,
ters, and alienating: -their- Lands, than, was a ſingle Propoſition of his own ;
land
1
1
4.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 507.
:
and that the ſole End of making it, was ſtates and Fortunes of all Men without
to cajole the People; which, the King Reſtraint, or Limitation. Thirdly,
told them, better became him to do than All Forces by Land and Sea to be ma-
any Body elſe. But when they peremp. naged, and diſpoſed as they should think
torily refufed to tranſmit it to the fit, and not otberwiſe. All this modeſt:
Houſes, the King fent an Expreſs of Power and Authority must be granted to
his own to deliver it; which being the Lords and Commons for twenty
done, after ſome Days Deliberation, Years. And, as if this had not been
the Houſes return no other Anſwer to enough, they required farther, That in
the King, Than that bis Propoſition all Caſes, when the Lords and Commons
was not ſatisfactory. In the mean ſhall declare the Safety of the Kingdom
Time the Commiſſioners preſs’d for his to be concern'd, unleſs the King give his
Anſwer to the firſt Part of their Pro- Rayal Ajſent to ſuch a Bill as ſhall be
poſition, for the abolifhing of Biſhops. tender'd to him for raiſing Money, the
It would be very tedious and unneceſ- Bill ſhall have the Force of an Açt of
ſary to ſet down at large the Diſpute, Parliament, as if he had given bis-
and Arguments which were uſed on Royal Ajënt.
both sides upon this Subject : But There were other Particulars includ..
bowever at length, his Majeſty pro- ed, of Power to the City of London
miſed, To fufpend Epiſcopacy for three over the Militia, and for the Tower of
Years, and then upon Conſultation with London, of no Importance to the King,
Divines, amongſt which he would nomi- if he once diſpoſed, and granted the
nate twenty to be preſent, and to conſult other as was required, nor need he,
with them, ſuch a Government of the take Care to whom the reſt belonged.
Church as ſhould be agreed upon might Here the King was to conſider whe-
be eſtabliſh’d: That he would not force, ther he would wholly grant it, or
any Man to take the Covenant, and wholly deny it, or whether he might
would have the Privilege of his own reaſonably hope ſo to limit it, that they
Chapel to uſe the Common Prayer, and: might have Authority enough to pleaſe
obſerve the ſame Worſņip be had uſed to them, and he reſerve fome to himſelf
do : And likewiſe, That Money ſhould for his own Security: The King had
be raiſed. upon the sale of the Church thought with himſelf, upon revolving
Lands, and only the old Řent ſhould be all Expedients, which he had too long
reſerv'd to the juſt Owners and their Warning to ruminate upon, to pro-
Succeſſors. Theſe, with ſome other poſé, That the Inhabitents of every
Conceſſions of leſs Importance, which County ſhould be the ſtanding Militia of
related to other Branches of the ſame the Kingdom, to be drawn out of the
Propoſition, he deliver'd to the Com. Counties upon any Occaſions which ſhould
miſſioners as his final Anſwer ; which occur ; which would prevent all ex-
the major Part of them, did then be. ceſſive Taxes and Impoſitions, when
lieve would have preſervd his Majeſty they were to be paid by themſelves.
from farther Importunity and Vexation. But he quickly diſcern'd that ſuch a
in that particular,
Propoſition would be preſently called
The next Propoſition was concern-. a Conſpiracy againſt the Army, and
ing the Militia ; in which Demand ſo put an End to all other Expedients.'
they exerciſed their uſual Modeſty,. Then he thought of limiting the extra-
and to abridge the Subſtance of it in vagant Power in ſuch a Manner, that
few Words, they requird, A Power to it might not appear fo monſtrous to all
keep up the preſent Arniy, and to raiſe intents and purpoſes whatſoever; and
what other Armies they pleaſed for the therefore propoſed, That none ſhould be
future; which gave them Authority over compelld to ſerve in the War against
the Perſons of all Subječts, of what De- ' their Wills, but in caſe of an Invaſion
gree or Quality ſoever. Secondly, a by Foreign Enemies : That the Power
Power to raiſe Money for the Uſe and concerning the Land Forces Mould be ex-
Maintenance of thoſe Forces, in ſuch a erciſed to no other Purpoſes, than for the
Manner, and by ſuch Ways, and Means« ſupprefing of Forces which might at any
as they fould think fit. And hereby Time be raiſed without the Authority
they had had the Diſpoſal of the E. and Conſent of the Lords and Commons,
ånd
3
*
508
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and for the keeping up, and maintain- Friends, as well as of Enemies, and
ing the Forts and Garriſons, and the being almoſt as weary of denying as of
preſent Army, ſo long as it ſhould be granting, he ſuffer*d the Preamble.co
thought fit by both Houſes of Parliament: be left out, and his Conſent to be de-
That what Monies ſhould at any Time be liver'd without it.
thought neceſſary to be raiſed, Jould be It may be well wonder'd at, that,
raiſed by general and equal Taxes and after having ſo far complied, there
Impoſitions ; and laſtly, That all Pa- ſhould be any Pauſe or Heſitation in
tents and Commiſions to the Purpoſes the Debate of the reſt. Yet after all
aforeſaid might be made in the King's theſe general Conceſſions, which ſo
Name, by Warrant ſignified by the much concern'd himſelf, and the Pub,
Lords and Commons, or ſuch other Sig- lick, and when the Neceſſity that had
nification as they mould direct, and au- obliged him to that unneceſſary Com-
thorize.
plyance might well have excuſed him
Theſe Limitations were ſent to the for ſatisfying them in all the reſt of
Parliament, who, according to the their Demands, when they preſſed his
Method they had aſſumed, foon voted; Conſent to what only concern'd pri-
That the Meſage was unſatisfactory. vate and particular Perſons, as the re-
Hereupon that he might at leaſt leave voking all Honours and Grants of Offi-
ſome Monument and Record of his ces which be had conferrd upon thoſe
Care and Tenderneſs of his People, who had ſervd him faithfully, and to :
he deliver'd his Conſent to the Propo- except many of them from Pardon, and
ſition itſelf to the Commiſſioners, with leave them to the unmerciful Cenfure of
a: Preamble to this Purpoſe ; That the two Houſes, both for theịr Lives and
whereas their Propoſition concerning the Fortunes ; to ſubmit others to pay, for
Militia, requir'd a far larger Power their Delinquency in obeying and ſerving
over the Perſons and Eſtates of his Sub- him, à full Moiety of all they were
jeats, than had been hitherto warranted worth; io deprive orbers of their Praca
by the Laws and Statutes of the King- tice in their ſeveral Profeſions, and
dom, yet in regard the preſent Diſtrac- Functions (which expoſed all the Law-
tions might require more, and truſting yers and Divines, who had been faith-
in his two Hauſes of Parliament, that ful to him, to utter Ruin) it cannot be
they would make no farther Uſe of the expreſs'd with what Grief, and Trou.
Power therein mention'd, after the pre- ble of Mind he receiv'd thoſe Impor.
ſent Diſtèmpers should be ſettled, than tunities; and without doubt, he would
jould be agreeable to the legal Exerciſe at that. Time with much more-Wil-
thereof in Times paſt, and for the Pur- lingneſs have died, than ſubmitted to
poſes particularly mention'd in their it. Soon after this the Commiſſioners
Propoſition, and to give Satisfaction to took their Leaves, and returned to
his two Houſes of Parliament that he London,
intends a full Security to them, and to When the Commiſſioners were re-
expreſs bis real Deſires to ſettle the turn'd to the Parliament, their Report
Peace of the Kingdom, his Majeſty doth took up many Days in the Houſe of
conſent to the Propoſition concerning the Commons, where the Reſolution was
Militia as it was deſired. This the firſt to be taken; which commonly
Commiſſioners did by no means like, was final, the Lords rarely preſuming
nor would acquieſce in, and alledged, to contradict what the others thought
That as the Conceſſion muſt be the Subje&t fit to determine. The Queſtion upon
of an Ast of Parliament, ſo this Pre- the whole was, Whether the Anſwer the
amble muſt be a part of it, and would King kad made to their Propoſitions,
adminiſter Occaſion of Difference and was ſatisfa&tory? which was debated
Diſpute upon the Interpretation of it; with all the Virulence, and Acrimony
which being ſo clearlig foreſeen, ought not towards each other, that can fall from
to be admitted in any AE of Parliament, Men ſo poffeffed as both Sides were.
much leſs in ſuch a one as is to be the. Young Sir. Harry Vane had begun
principal Foundation of a laſting Peace the Debate with the higheſt Infolence,
of the Kingdom. After much Vexation and Provocation; telling them, That
of this kind, and Importunity of they ſhould that Day know and diſcover,
3
whe
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
509
who were their Friends, and who were Murmur which uſually ſhews how the
their Foes; or, that be might ſpeak Houſe ſtands inclined, and by which
more plainly, who were the King's Party Men make their judgments there, of
in the Houſe, and who were for the the Succeſs that is like to be. And his
People; and fo proceeded with his Preface, and Entrance into the Debate,
ụſual grave Bitterneſs againſt the Per: were taken notice of with equal Sharp-
fon of the King, and the Government neſs; and, His Preſumption in taking
that had been too long ſettled; put upon himſelf to divide the Houſe, and to
them in Mind, That they had been dis cenſure their Affe&tions to the Publick,
verted from their old ſetiled Reſolution as their Senfe and Judgment ſhould agrees
and Declaration, that they would make or diſagree with his own. One ſaid,
no more Addreſſes to the King ; after That be bad, without Example, taken ſo
which the Kingdom bad been govern'din much upon him; he was not to take it
great Peace, and begun to taſte the ill, if the contrary was aſſumed by other
Sweet of that Republican Goverament Men; and that it was as lawful for a-
which they intended and begun to eſta- nother Man, who ſaid he was no Gainer
bliſh, when by a Combination between by the Troubles, to make another Divi-
the City of London and an ill.affected fion of the Houſe, and to ſay, that they
Party 'in Scotland, with ſome ſmall should find in the Debate of that Day.
contemptible Inſurrections in England, that there were fime who were deſirous
all which were fomented by the City, of Peace; and that they were all Lofers,
the Houſes bad, by Clamour and Noiſe, or, at least, no Gainers by the War;
been induced and compelld to reverſe and that others were against Peace; and
their former Votes and Reſolution, and en- that they by the War had gain’d large
ter into a perſonal Treaty with ibe King; Revenues, and great Sums of Money,
with whom they had not been able to pre- and much Wealih; and therefere bis
vail, notwithſtanding the low Condition Motion was, that the Gainer's might
be was in, to give them any. Security; contribute to the Loſers, if they would
but he had ſtill reſerv'd a Power in not conſent that the one might enjoy
bimſelf, or at leaſt to bis Poſterity, to what was left, and the other polleſs
exérciſe as tyrannical a Government as what they had got,' by a Peace: that
he had done ; that all the Inſurrec-: might be happy to both.
tions, which bad ſo terrified then, were Whilſt this was debating in the
now totally ſubdued; and the principal Houſe, which continued ſeveral Days,
Authors and Abeţtors of them in their fix Officers, from the head Quarters at
Cuſtody, and ready to be brought' to Windfor, whither the Army had been
Juſtice, if ibey pleaſed to direct, and brought before, or at the Time when
appoint it: That their Enemies in Scot-. the Treaty ended at the Ine of Wight,
land were reduced, and tbat Kingdom brought their large Remonftrance to
entirely devoted to a firm and good Cor-' the Houſe; in which they deſir'd,
reſpondence with their Brethren, the That there might be no farther Proceed-
Parliament of England;. So that there ings upon the Treaty; but that they
was nothing wanting, but their own would return to their former Determina
Conſent and Reſolution, to make them- tion of no fariher Addreſſes, and make
felves the happieſt Nation and People in what Hajte they could in ſettling the .
the World; and to that Purpoſe deſir'd, Government: That the bargaining. Pro-
that they might without any more Lofs poſition on the Behalf of Delinquents,
of Time, return to their former Reſolu- which was only upon a Contract with
tion of making no more Addreſſes to the the King, and not in any judicial Way,
King'; but proceed to the ſettling the might be laid aſide; and that publick
Government without him, and to the ſe- Juſtice might be done. upon the principal
vere Puniſhment of thoſe who had di-. Azors in the late Troubles, and that
ſturbed their Peace and Quiet, in ſuch others, upon a true Submiſion, might
an exemplary Manner, as might terrify find Mercy: That a peremptory Day
all other Men for the future from mak- might be ſet, when the Prince of Wales,
king the like bold Attempts.
and the Duke of York, Mould be requir'd
This Diſcourſe appear’d to be ex to appear; which if they fould not do,
ceedingly diſik’d, by that kind of they ſhould ſtand' exiled as Traicors;
148
6 N
and
510
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
end if they ſhould appear, yet they ſhould Hammond; and therefore that it wa
be bound to make ſome Sati.faltion : the Pleaſure of the Houſe, that he ſhould
That an End might be put to this Par. recall thoſe Orders; and that Colonet
liament, and a new Repreſentative cho-, Hammond ſhould again reſume the Care
sen of the People, for tbe governing and of the King's Perſon. But the General,
preferving the whole Body of the Nation. without taking any Notice of their
Thai no King might be Bereafter admit-, Complaint, or of their Command, de-
ted but upon Eležtion of the People, and manded the Payment of the Arrears
as upon irüſt for the People, who should due to the Army; and cold them,
be likéwife limited and reſtraind by the That unleſs there were preſent Money
Repreſentative; with many other im- sent for that Purpoſe, he should be for-
practicable Particulars, which troubledced to remove the Army,' and to drast
the Parliament the leſs for their Inco. then nearer to London. And at 'the
hérence and Impoſibility to be redu- ſame Time a new Declaration was fent"
.
ced into Practice.
to the Houſe from the Army, in Pur-
But that which troubled moſt, anid ſuar.ce of their face Remonftrance ;
indeed which awaken'd them to the which the Houfe refufed to take into
moſt diſmal Apprehenſions, was, that Confideration; and fome ſturdy Mem-
they were advertiſed, that the King bers moved, That the Arney might be
was taken away from Cariſbrooke Caftle declared Traitors, if they preſumed to
by an Officer of the Army, and car march nearer London than they were at
ried to Hurji Caſtle, nor far from the preſent; and that an Impeachment of
other, but ſituated on the nain Land, High Treaſon ſhould be drawn up ageinſt
and in fo vile and unwholſome an Air, the principal Officers of it. Hereupon,
that the commởi Guards there uſed to the General matches directly for Lon-
be frequently changed for the Preſer: don, and quarters at White ball; the
vacion of their Healtht. Colonel Hant- other Officers, with their Troops, in
mond had, before the Expiration of the Durham Houſe, the Mews; Covent-
Treaty writ many Letters to ikë Pat: Garden, Westminſter, and St. James's';;
lianneřit, to be diſcharged frotti that and for the preſent Neceſſity, that no
Governmeňt, and from the Care of Intovenience might fall out, they ſene
the King's Perſon; and the Officers to the City without Delay to ſupply
of the Army feem'd wonderfully of- forty thouſand Pounds, to be imme.
fended with him for making the De: diately iffued out to ſatisfy the Army.
mand; and he got himſelf looked Notwithſtanding all which monſtrous
upon as under a Cloud. But the Treaty Proceeding, the Houſe of Commons
was no ſooner ended (and before the retain'd its Courage; and were reſolute
Commillioners bėgun their Report to alert the Treaty, and that the King's
to the two Houſes), but he was dif- Anſwers were ſatisfactory ; or if they
charged of the Truſt of the Perſon of were not fully ſatisfactory, that the
the king, and another Colonel ſent to Houſe might, and ought to accept thereof,
take the Perſon of the King, and to and proceed to the Settlement of Peace in
carry him to Hurft. Caſtle.
Church and State, rather than to rejett
This News being brought when them as unſatisfactory, and thereby con-
they were in the Heat of the Debate tinue the Kingdom in Wer and Diſtrac-
upon the King's Anſwer, they gave tion,
over the Conteſt, and immediately They who vehemenıly preſſed this
vored, that t'he ſeizing upon the King's Concluſion, and would be thought to
Perſon, and carrying bim Priſoner to be for the King, to make themſelves
Hurft Cafile, was without their Ad- popular, took upon them to make all
vice and Confent: Which Vote had the Invectives both againſt the King,
little Contradiction ; becauſe no Man and all the Time of his Government,
would own the Advice. Then they that his bittereſt Enemies 'could do,
càufed a Letter to be writ to the Genie only that they might fhew how much
ral, That 'the Orders and Inftructions to the Conceſſions he had how granted,
Colonel Ewrė (the Officer who had had provided Remedies for all thoſe
ſeized the King) were contrary to their Evils, and made all the Foundation of
Reſolutions, and Inftruétions to Colonel their fuçure Hope of Happineſs and
Peace
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
51 I
+
1
Peace, to be in the no-Power they had the Debate, upon reſuming the ſame
left him in :. So that if he ſhould have Queſtion, continued very long; ſeves
a Mind to continue the Diſtractions to ral Members who obſero'd the Force
morrow, he would find no Body ever at the Entrance of the Houſe, and law.
ready to joyn. with him, having ar this their Companions not ſuffer'd to come
Time facrificed all his Friends to the in, complain'd loudly of the Violence
Mercy of their mortal Enemies. In and Breach of Privilege, and demanded,
Concluſion, and when they had pro- Remedy, but, in vain; the Houſe
fecuted the Debate moft Part of the would take no Notice of it. In the
Night, till almoſt five of the Clock in Conclufion, after a very long Debate,
the Morning, on Monday Night, they the major Part of thoſe who were pre-
had firſt put the Queftion, Whether ſent in the Houſe, voted the. Negative
the Queſtion pould be put? and carried to what had been ſettled in the former
it by a hundred and forty Voices Debate, and That the Anſwer the King
againſt one hundred and four : The had given to their. Propoſitions was not
main Queſtion,. That the Anſwer of the Satisfactory.
King to the Propoſitions of both Houſes was Thoſe Gentlemen who for ſome
a Ground for the Houſes to proceed upon Hours had been reſtrain'd in the Court
for the Settlement of the Peace of thé of Wards, were afterwards led in Tri-
Kingdom, was fo clearly voted, that umph through Weſtminſter. Hall (ex.
the Houſe was not divided ; and that. cept fome, few, who were ſuffer'd for
there might be no After-claps, they Affections: or by Negligence, to go
appointed a Committee, To confer with away). by a ſtrong Guard, to that
the General, fer the better procuring a Place under the Exchequer which is
good. Intelligence and Correſpondence ber. commonly..called Hell; where they
tween the Arnry and the Parliament; might eat and drink, at their own
and then they adjourn'd the Houſe to Charge, what they pleaſed. And here,
Wedneſday Morning, it being then they were kept in one Room, till after
near the Morning of Tueſday.
twelve of the Clock in the Night ::
The Committee that was appointed After which Hour, in reſpect of the
to confer with the General, waited, extreme cold Weather, and the Age
that
. Afternoon upon him in his Lodg: of many of the Members, they were
ing at White Hall, that they might be carried to ſeveral Inns; where they
able to give fome Account. to the: were fuffer'd' to lodge as Priſoners,
Houſe. the next Morning. But they and remain'd under that Confinement
were forced to attend full three Hours, for two or three. Days. In which
before they could be admitted to his Time, they publiſh'd a Proteſtation in
Preſence; and then he told them ſul.. Print, againīt the Proceedings of the
lenly and ſuperciliouſly, That the Way Houſe of Commons, declaring the
to correſpond with the Ariny, was to Force and Violence that had been uſed.
comply with their Remonſtrance: And, againſt them: And then the Houſe,
the next Morning there was a Guard with the remaining Members, having.
of Muſqueteers placed at the Entry into, determind what they thought fit, moſt
and Door of the Houſe, and the Offi- of the other were at Liberty to do
cers: thereof having a Liſt in their what they pleaſed. No body own'ų
Hàn ls of the Names of thoſe who this Act of Violence in the Excluſion
ſhould be reſtrain'd going into the of ſo many Members: There was no
Houſe, all thoſe were ſtopped, one by Order made for it by the Houſe.
one, as they came, and ſent into the Fairfax the General knew nothing of
Court of Wards, where they were it, and the Guards themſelves being
kept together for many, Hours, under aſked what Authority. they had ? gavę
a Guard, to the Number of near one. no other Anſwer, But that they had
hundred. Notwithſtanding which "Orders. But afterwards there was a fuļļ
there were ſo many of the lame Opi- and clear Order of the Houſe, with-
nion got into the Houſe, through the out taking any Notice of any Exclu.
Inadvertency of the Guard, or becauſe fion, That none of them who bad. not
they meant only to fequefter the moſt been preſent that Day when the Negative.
notorious and refractory. Perſons, that Vote prevailed, should fit any more in
the
5
5 1
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion :
the Houſe, before they had firſt ſubſcribed Years, no Perſon who bad adhered tô
the ſame võte, as. agreeable to their the King, or who ſhould oppoſe this Ą.
Judgments; which if they ſubſcribed, greement, or not ſubſcribe thereunto,
they were as well qualified Members as jould be capable of being choſen to be
before. Many of theſe excluded Mem. one, or to have a Voice in the Elektion ;
bers, out of Conſcience or Indignation, and that, before that Time, and before
forbore coming any more to the Houſe the Diſolution of the preſent' Parliament,
for many. Years; ſome, not before the it would be neceſſary to bring thoſe ſignal
Reſtoration ; others, ſooner or later, Delinquents, who had lately diſturbed
return'd to their old Seats, that they the Quiet and Peace of the Kingdom,
might not be idle when ſo much Buſic and put it to ſo great an Expence of Blood
neſs was to be done.
and Treaſure, to exemplary Puniſhment.
Then the Houſe renew'd their old And it was with great Impudence very
Vote of no more Addreſſes, and an- vehemently urged, That they ought to
nul'd and made void all thoſe which begin with him who had been the Cauſe
introduced the Treaty: And that they of all the Miſeries , and Miſchiefs,
might find no more ſuch Contradic- which had befallen the Kingdom, and
tion hereafter, they committed to ſe. whom they had already diveſted of all
veral Priſons Major General Brown Power and Authority to govern there for
(though he was then Sheriff of London)' the future ; and they had had near two
Sir John Clotwortby, Sir William Wal- Years Experience, that the Nation
..ter, Major General Maſſey, and-Com- might be very happily govern’d without
miffary General Copley, who were the any recourſe to him : That they had al-
moft active Members in the Houſe of ready declar'd, that the King bad been
the Preſbyterian Party, and who had the Cauſe of all
, the Blood which had
all as maliciouſly advanced the Service been ſpilt; and therefore, that it was
of the Parliament in their ſeveral Sta- fit that ſuch a Man of Blood should be
tions againſt the King, as any Men of brought to Juſtice, that he might undergo
their Rank in the Kingdom.
the Penalty that was due to his Tyranny
When they had in this Manner ma" and Murders ; that the People expected
fter'd all Contradiction and Oppoſition, this at their Hands; and that having
they begun more directly to conſult the principal Malefactor in their Power,
what they were to do, as well as what he might not eſcape the Puniſhment that
they were not to do, and to eſtablifh was due to him.
fome affirmative Concluſions, as they How new and monſtrous faever this
had done Negatives. They were told, Language and Diſcourſe was to all
That it was high Time to ſettle fome Engliſh Ears, they found a major Part
Form of Government, under wbich tbe ſtill to.concur with them :. So that
Nation was to live: There had been they appointed, a Committee for the
much Treaſure and Blood ſpent to recover prefent; to prepare à Charge of High
the Liberty of the People, which would Treaſon againſt the King, which should
be to no purpoſe, if there were not Pro- contain the ſeveral Crimes, and Miſde-
viſion made for their ſecure enjoying it; meanours of his Reign; which being
and there would be always the ſame At- made, they would confider of the beſt
tempts made, which had been of late, to Way and Manner of Proceeding, that
diſturb the publick Peace, if there were he might be brought to Juſtice.
not ſuch exemplary Penalties infliated, When the Committee had prepared
as might terrify all Men, of what Con- ſuch a Charge, which they called An
dition foever, from entring upon ſuch Impeachment of High Treaſon againſt
deſperate Undertakings. They declar'd Charles Stuart King of England, digeſt-
now, as the moſt popular Thing they ed into ſeveral Articles, which contain'd
could do to pleaſe both the People and all thoſe Calumnies, they had formerly
the Army, That they would put an End heaped up in that Declaration of no
to the Parliament on the last Day of more Addreſſes to be made to him,.
April next; and that there ſhould be a with ſome Additional Reproaches, it
Repreſentative of the Nation, conſiſting was read in the Houſe ; and, after it
of ibree bundred Perſous, choſen by the was approv'd there, they ſent it to the
People; of which, for the Term of ſever Houſe of Peers for their Concurrence.
Thac
1
$
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 513
That Houſe had very little to do from cumſtances precedent had been, 'he
the Time that Cromwell return'd from had made a Reſignation of his Royalty
Scotland, and were few in Number, before the Lords in Parliamenti ſo
and us’d to adjourn for two or three that his Depoſițion proceeded from
Days together for want of Buſineſs ; fo himſelf, and with his own Confent,
that it was believ'd, that they who had and would not agree, in
any
Particular
done ſo many extravagant Things, with the Caſe in queſtion. They were
rather than they would diſſent from therefore to make a new Form to war-
the Houſe of Commons, would like- rant their Proceedings: And a new
wiſe concur with them in this, rather Form they did erect, never before
than ſever from then when they were heard of. They conſtituted and erected
ſo triumphant. But, contrary to this a Court that ſhould be called The High
Expectation, when this Impeachment Court of Juſtice, to conſiſt of so many
was brought up to the Peers, it was ſo Judges, who jould have Authority to
ill receiv'd, that there was not one iry the King, whetber be were guilty of
Perſon who concurr’d with them ; what be. was accuſed of, or no. The
which, conſidering the Men and what Number of the Judges named was
moſt of them had done, might ſeem about an hundred and fifty, whereof
very ſtrange. And when they had, the major part might proceed.
with ſome Warmth rejected it, they They could not have found ſuch a
adjourn’d for a Week; preſuming Number yet amongſt themſelves, after
they ſhould thereby at leaſt give ſome ſo many Barbarities and Impieties,
Interruption to that Career which the under whom they might depend in
Houſe of Commons was upon, and, in this laſt tragical Act. And therefore
that Time, ſome Expedient might be they laid this for a Grounds that if
found to reconcile the Proceedings in they ſhould make only their own
both Houſés. But they were as much Members to be Judges in this caſe,
deceiv'd in this ; the Houſe of Com- they might appear in the Eyes of the
mons was very well pleaſed with it, People to be too much Parties, as hav-
and thought they had given them ing from the Beginning maintain'da
Eaſė, which they could not ſo well War, though defenſive, as they pre-
have contriv'd for themſelves. . So tended, againſt the King, and ſo not
they proceeded in their own Method, ſo fit to be the only Judges who were
and when the Day came to which the in the Fault : On the other hand, if
Lords, had adjourn'd their Houſe, they ſhould name none of themſelves,
they found their Doors all locked, and it might be interpreted that they look'd
faſtend with Padlocks, that there upon it as too dangerous a Province to
ſhould then be no more Entrance for engage themſelves ins: and therefore
them;, not did any of them ever after they had put it off to others ;; which
fit in chạt Houſe of. Peers above twice would diſcourage others from under-
or thrice at moſt, till Cromwell, long. taking it. Wherefore they reſolvid
after, endeavour'd. in vain to have .e- that the Judges ſhould be nominated
rected, a Houſe of Peers of his own promiſcuouſly, as well of Members of
Creation; in which ſome of them then the Houſe, as oft ſuch other of their
very willingly took.their Places.
Good and Godly Men in the Kingdom:
The Charge and Accuſation, upon. Whoſoever would not be one hinſelf.
which they refolv'd to proceed againſt when named, as there were yet many
the King, being., thus ſettled and an amongſt them, who, out of Copi..
greed upon, they begun to conſider in ſcience, or of Fear, utterly proteſted.
what Månner and Form to proceed, againſt its ſhould take upon him to .
that there might be ſome Appearance name another Man ; which ſure he
of Juſtice. Nothing could be found could not but think was equally: un-
in the Common or Statute-Law;
or Statute-Law; lawful: So that few took upon them
which could direct or warrant them; to nominate others, who would reject
nor could the Precedent of depoſing the Province themſelves.
Richard the ſecond (the ſole Precedent All the chief Officers of the Army
of that kind) be applied to their Pur were named, and divers accepted the
poſe: For, how .foul ſoever the.Cir- Office; and ſuch Aldermen and Citi .
149
60
zens
514
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
tor,
zens of London, as had been moſt vio- in their Profeſfion) to perform the
lent againſt Peace, and ſome few Offices. of Attorney General, and Sol-
Country Gentlemen, whoſe Zeal had. licitor General for the State, to proſe-
been taken Notice of for the Cauſe, cute the Priſoner at his Trial, and to
and who were like to take ſuch a Pre- manage the Evidence againſt him.
ferment as a Teſtimony of the Parlia- Other Officers, of all kinds, were ap-
ment's Confidence in them, and would pointed to attend, and perform the fe-
thereupon embrace it. When ſuch å veral Offices of their new Court;
Number of Men were nominated 2s which was order'd to be erected in
were thought in all Reſpects to bé Weſtminſter Hall.
equal to the Work, they were to The King was now ſent for from
make choice of a Speaker, or Prolocu- Hurſt Caſtle, and was receivid by Co-
who ſhould be called Lord Preſi: lonel Harriſon with a ſtrong Party of
dent of that High Court, who muſt Horſe; by whom he was to be con-
manage and govern all the Proceedings ducted to Windſor Caſtle. He receiv'd
here, aſk the Witneſſes all proper the King with outward. Reſpect, kept
Queſtions, and anſwer what the Priſo- himſelf bare'; but attended him with
ner ſhould oppoſe. And to that Of- great Strictneſs; and was not to be
ap
fice one Bradſhaw was choſen, a Law- proached by any Addreſs; anſwering
yer of Grays-Inn, not much known in Queſtions in ſhort and few Words, and
Weſtminſter Hall, though of good when importuned, with Rudeneſs.
Practice in his Chamber, and much From Windſor his Majeſty was carried
employed by the Factious. He was a to St. James's, and committed to the
Gentleman of an ancient . Family in Cuſtody of Colonel Tomlinſon, a Colo-
Cheſhire and Lancaſhire, but of a For- nel of Foot, though the Officer ſeem'd
tune of his own making. He was not to be a Man of better breeding, and
without Parts, and of great Inſolence of a Nature more civil than Harriſon,
and Ambition. When he was firſt and pretended to pay much Reſpect
nominated, he ſeem'd much ſurprized, and Duty to the King in his outward
and very reſolute to refuſe it; which Demeanour, yer his Majeſty, after a
he did in ſuch a Manner, and ſo much ſhort Time, was treated with more
enlarging upon his own want of Abili- Rudeneſs and Barbarity than he had
ties to undergo fo important a Charge; ever been before. They were ſo jea-
that it was very evident he had expected lous of their own Guards, left they
to be put to that Apology. And when ſhould be wrought upon by the Influ-
he was preſs'd with more Importunity ence' of this innocent Prince, or by
than could have been uſed by chance, the Remorſe of their own Conſcience
he required Time to conſider of it, and upon the Exerciſe of ſo much Barbrri-
ſaid, He would then give his final An- ty, that they cauſed the Guards to be
fwer; which he did, the next Day; ftill changed; and the ſame Men were
and with great Humility accepted the never ſuffered twice to perform the
Office, which he adminiſter*d with all 'ſame monſtrous Duty.
the Pride, Impudence, and Supercili When he was firſt brought to West-
ouſneſs imaginable. He was preſently minfter Hall, which was upon the twen-
inveſted in great State, and many Offi- tieth of January, before their High.
cers, and a Guard affign'd for the Se- Court of Juſtice, he look'd upon them,
curity of his Perſon, and the Dean's and fat down, without any Manifeſta-
Houſe at Weſtminſter given to him fortion of Trouble, never ſtiring his Hat;
ever for his Reſidence and Habitation, all the impudent Judges fitting cover'd
and a good Sum of Money about five · and fixing their Eyes upon him, with-
thouſand Pounds, was appointed to be out the leaſt Shew of Reſpect. The
prefently paid to him, to put himſelf odious Libel, which they called a
in ſuch an Equipage and Way of live Charge and Impeachment, was then
ing, as the Dignity of the Office which read by the Clerk; which, in effect,
he held would require. And this be- contain'd, That he had been admitted
ing done, they made choice of ſome King of England, and truſted, with a
Lawyers (till that Time very obſcure, limited Power to govern according to
and Men ſcarce known or heard of Law; and, by his Oath and Office,
1
4
was
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
515
*as obliged to uſe the Power committed Provocation, told them, He would first
to him for the Good and Benefit of the know of them, by what Authority they
People; but that he had, out of a wicked preſumed by Force to bring him before
Deſign to erect to himſelf an unlimited them, and wbo gave them Power to
Power, and to overthrow the Rights judge of his Actions, for which be, was
and Liberties of the People, treiterouſly accountable to none but God; thaugli
levied War againſt the preſent Parlia- they had been always ſuch as be need not
ment, and the People therein repreſented. be aſhamed to own them before all the
And then it mention'd his firſt Ap- World. He told them, that be was
pearance at York' with a Guard, then their King. "They bis Subje&ts; who
his being at Beverly, then his ſetting owed him Duty and Obedience : That .
up his Standard at Nottingham, the no Parliament had Authority to call him-
Day of the Month and the Year in before them; but that they were not the
which the Battle had been at Edge-bill, Parliament, nor had any Authority
and all the other ſeveral Battles which from the Parliament to fit in that Mana
had been fought in his Preſence ; in ner : And concluded, That he would.
which, it ſaid, He had cauſed and pro- not fo.much betray bimſelf, and his Roy-
cured many thouſand of the free-born al Dignity, as to anſwer any thing they.
People of the Nation to be ſain : That objected againſt him, which were to ac-
after all bis Forces had been defeated, knowledge their Authority; though he
and bimſelf become a Priſoner, be bad, believ'd that every one of themſelves, as
in that very Year cauſed many Inſur., well as the Spectators, did, in their
Teations to be made in England, and own Conſciences, abſolve him from all
given a Commiſſion to the Prince his the material Things which were objected
Son to raiſe a new War againſt the againſt him.
Parliament; that he had been the. Author Bradſhace adviſed him, in a very ar-
and Contriver of the unnatural, cruel, rogant Manner, Not to deceive himſelf. .
and bloody Wars; and was therein guilty with an Opinion that any Thing he bad.
of all the Treaſons, Murders, Rapines, ſaid would do bim any Good: That the
Burnings, Spoils, Deſolations, Damage,, Parliament knew their own Authority;
and Miſchief to the Nation, which had and would not ſuffer it to be called in.
been committed in the ſaid War, ör been Queſtion or debated : Therefore re-.
occaſion'd thereby; and that he was. quired him, To think better of it, a-
therefore impeached for the ſaid Treaſons gainſt be ſhould be next brought thither,
and Crimes, on the Behalf of the People and that he would anſwer direetly to his
of England, as a Tyrant, Traytor, "and Charge ; otherwiſe, he could not be so
Murderer, and a publick implacablé ignorant, -as not to know what Judg.
Enemy to the Common-wealth of Eng- ment the Law pronounced againſt thoſe..
land. And it was prayed, That be who ſtood mutes and obſtinately refuſed
might be put to anſwer all the Particu- to plead. So the Guard carried his
lars, to the End that ſuch an Examina- Majeſty back to St. James's; where
tion, Trial, and Judgment, might be they treated him as before.
bad thereupon, as ſhould be agreeable to There was an Accident happen'd
Juftice.
that firſt Day, which may be fit to be.'
Which being read, their Preſident remember'd. When all thoſe who
Bradſhaw, told him, That the Parlia. were Commiſſioners had taken their
ment of England bad appointed that Places, and the King was brought in,
Court to try him for the ſeveral Treafons, the firſt Ceremony was to read their
and Miſdemeanours, which he had
com Commiſſion; which was the Ordinariče:
mitted againſt the Kingdom during the of Parliament for the Trial'; and then
evil Adminiſtration of his Government; the Judges were all.calléd, every Man
and that, upon the Examination thereof, anſwering to his Name as he was called, :
Juſtice might be done. And, after a and the Preſident being firſt called
great Saucineſs and Impudence of Talk, and making Anſwer, the next who
he aſked the King, What Anſwer he was called being the General, Lord
bad to make to that Impeachment. Fairfax, and.no Anſwer being made,
The King, without any Alteration the Officer called him the ſecond time,
in his Countenance by all that inſolent when there was a Voice heard that ſaid,
He
.
I
516
The Hiftory of the Rebellion
He had more Wit than to be there; of living, contracted a vaſt Debt,
which put the Court into ſome Diſor- which he knew not how to pay, and
der, and ſome body aſking, who iç being a proud formal weak Man, be-
was, there was no Anſwer but a little tween being ſeduced and a Seducer,
murmuring, But, preſently, when became ſo far involv'd in their Coun:
the Impeachment was read, and that fels, that he ſuffer'd himſelf to be
ap-
Expreſſion uſed, of All the good People plied to their worſt Offices, taking it
of England, the ſame Voice in a louder to be a high Honour to ſit upon the
Tone, anſwer'd, No, nor, the hundredih ſame Bench with Cromwell, who em-
Part of them :" Upon which, one of ployed and contemned bim at once.
the Officers þid the Soldiers give fire The ſeveral unheard of Infolences
into that Box whence thoſe preſumptu- which this excellent Prince was forced
ous Words were utter'd. But it was to ſubmit to, at the other Times he
quickly diſcern'd that it was the Gene- was brought before that odious Judi-
rål's Wife, the Lady Fairfax, who çatory, his majeſtick Behaviour, and
had uttered both thoſe ſharp Sayings; refolute inſiſting upon his own Dignity,
who was preſently perlwaded or forced and defending it by manifeſt Authori.
to leave the Place, to prevent any new ţies in the Law, as well as by the
Diſorder.' She was of a very noble cleareſt Deductions from Reaſon, the
Extraction, one of the Daughters and pronouncing that horrible Sentence
Heirs of Horace, Lord Vere of Tilbury; upon the moſt innocent Perſon in the
who, having been bred in Holland, World, the Execution of that Sentence
had not that Reverence for the Church by the moſt execrable Murder that
of England as ſhe ought to have had, was ever committed ſince that of our
and ſo had unhappily concurr'd in her Bleſſed Saviour ; and the Circumſtan-
Huſband's entring into Rebellion, ne ces thereof; the Application and In-
ver imagining what Miſery. it would terpoſition that was uſed by ſome no-
bring upon the Kingdom; and now.. ble Perſons to prevent that woful Mur-
abhorrd the Work in hand as much der, and the Hypocrify with which
as any body could do, and did all. Thę, thai Interpoſition, was eluded, the
could to hinder her Huſband from act- Saint-like Behaviour, of that Bleffed
ing any Part, in it
. Nor did he ever Martyr, and his Chriſtian Courage
fit in that bloody Court, though he and Patience at his Death, are all Par-
was throughout overwitted by Crom- ticulars ſo well known, that the farther
well, and made a Property to bring mentioning it in this place would but
that to paſs, whịch could very hardly afflict and grieve the Reader, and
haye, heen otherwiſe effected.
make the Relațion itſelf, odious as
As there was in many Perſons pre- well as needleſs; and therefore no.
fent at that woful Spectacle a real Duty more.ſhall be faid here of that deplora-
and Compaſſion for the King, ſo there ble Tragedy, ſo much to the Diſho-
was in others to barbarous and brutal, nour of the Nation, and the Religion
a "Behaviour towards him, that they profeſſed by it, though undeſervedly
called him Tyrant, and Murderer ; But it will not be unneceſſary to add
and one ſpit in his Face; which his, a ſhort Character of his Perſon, that
Majeſty, without expreſing any Trou. Poſterity, may know. the ineſtimable
ble, wiped off with his Handkerchief. Lors which the Nation then underwent,
: The two Men who were only known in being depriv'd of a Prince whole
to the King before the Troubles, were... Example would have had a greater In-
Sir. Harry, Mildmay; Maſter of the flúence upon the Manners, and Piety
King's Jewel Houſe, who had been, of the Nation, than the moſt ſtrict
bred up in the Court, being younger Laws can have. To ſpeak firſt of his
Brother of a good Family in Ellex, private Qualifications as a Man, before
The other was Sir John Danyers, the his Princely and Royal Virtues ; tie
younger Brother and Heir of the Earl was if ever any, the moſt worthy of
of Danby, who was a Gentleman of the Title of an honeſt Man; fo great
the Privy Chamber to the. King, and a Lover of Juſtice, that no Tempta-
being neglected by his Brother, and tion.could diſpoſe him to a wrongful
haying, by a vain Expence in his Way Action, except it was ſo diſguiſed to
5
him
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
5 i Ž
him that he believed it to be juſt. He him chooſe the ſofter Way; and not
was very punctual and regular in his hearken to ſevere Counſels, how rea-
Devotions; he was never known to ſonably foever urged. This only re-
enter upon his Recreations or Sports, ſtraind him from purſuing
his Advan-
though never ſo early 'in the Morning, tage in the firſt Scotiſh Expedition;
before he had been at Publick Prayers; when, humanly ſpeaking; he mighè
ſo that on Hunting-days his Chaplains have reduced that Nation to the moſt
were bound to a very early Attendance. entire Obedience that could have been
He was likewiſe very ſtrict in obſerv- wiſhed. But no Man can ſay he had
ing the Hours of his private Cabinet then many who adviſed him to it, but
Devotion; and was ſo ſevere an Ex- the contrary, by a wonderful Indiſpo-
actor of Gravity and Reverence in all fition all his Council had to a War, or
Mention of Religion, that he could any other Fatigue. · He was always a
never endure any light or prophane great Lover of the Scotiſh Nation, hav,
Word, with what Sharpneſs of Wit ing not only been born there, but e-
ſoever it was cover'd: And though he ducated by that people, and befieged
was well pleaſed, and delighted with by them always, having few Engliſh
reading Verſes made upon any Occaſion, about him till he was King; and the
no.Man durſt bring before him any major Number of his Servants being
Thing that was prophane or unclean. ſtill of that Nation, who he thought
His Kingly Virtues had ſome Mix, could never fail him.
ture and Allay, that hindred them So many miraculous Circumſtances
from ſhining in full Luſtre, and from contributed to his Ruin, that Men
producing thoſe Fruits they liould have might well think that Heaven and
been attended with. He was not in Earth conſpired it. Though he was,
his Nature very bountiful, though he from the firſt Declenſion of his Power,
gave very much. This appear’d more ſo much betrayed by his own Servants,
after the Duke of Buckingham's Death, that there were very few who remain'd
after which thoſe Showers fell very faithful to him, yet that Treachery
rarely; and he päuſed too long in giv- proceeded not always from any trea-
ing, which made thoſe to whom he ſonable Purpoſe to do him any Harm,
gave; leſs ſenſible of the Benefit. He but from particular, and perſonal Ani-
kept Siate to the full, which made his mofities againſt other Men. And af-
Court very orderly; no Man preſum- terwards, the Terror all:Men werë
ing to be ſeen in a Place where he had under of the Parliament, and the Guilt
no Pretence to be. He ſaw, and ob- they were conſcious of themſelves,
ſerv'd Men long, before he receiv'd made them watch all . Opportunities
them about 'his. Perſon ;; and did not make themſelves gracious to
love Strangers, nor very confident thoſe who could do them good; and
Men.
ſo they became Spies upon their Ma-
He was very fearleſs in his Perſon; fter, and from one piece of Knavery
but, in his riper Years, not very en-
were harden'd and confirm'd to under-
terprizing. He had an excellent Un- take another; till at laſt they had no
derſtanding, but was not confident Hope of Preſervation but by the De-
enough of it; which made him often- ftruction of their Mafter. And after
times change his own Opinion -for a all this, when a Man might reaſonably
worſe, and follow the Advice of Men believe that leſs than an univerſal De-
that did not judge ſo well as himſelf. fection of three Nations, could not have
This made him more irreſolute than reduced a great King to ſo ugly a Fate,
the Conjuncture of his Affairs would it is moſt certain, that, in that very
admit: If he had been of a rougher Hour when he was thus wickedly mur-
and more imperious Nature, he would derid in the Sight of the Sun, he had
have found more Reſpect and Duty. as great a Share in the Hearts and Af-
And his not applying fome, ſevere fections of his Subjects in general, was
Cures to approaching Evils, proceeded as much belov'd, eſteem'd, and longed
from the Lenity of his Nature, and for by the People in general of the
the Tenderneſs of his Conſcience; three Nations, as any of his Predeceſ-
which, in all Caſes of Blood, made fors had ever been. To conclude, he
6 P
to
1.50
WIS
1
518
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
was the worthieſt Gentleman, the beſt who had been by them appointed to
Maſter, and the beſt Friend, the beſt wait upon him during his Impriſon-
Huſband, the beſt Father, and the beſt ment, that they ſhould convey the
Chriſtian, that the Age in which he Body to Windſor; which they did.
liv'd produced. And if he were not And it was, that Night, placed in
the greateſt King, if he were without that Chamber which had uſually been
ſome Parts and Qualities which have his Bed-Chamber : The next Morning
made fome Kings great and happy, no it was carried into the great Hall;
other Prince was ever unhappy who where it remain'd till the Lords came;
was poſſeſſed of half his Virtues and who arriv'd there in the Afternoon,
Endowments, and ſo much without and immediately went to Colonel Witch-
any kind of Vice.
cot, the Governor of the Caſtle, and
This unparallelld Murder and Par- Thew'd the Order they had for the Par-
ricide was committed upon the thirtieth liament to be preſent at the Burial;
of January, in the Year, according to but when they deſired that his Majeſty
the Account uſed in England, 1648, might be buried according to the Forni
in the forty and ninth Year of his of the Common-Prayer Book, the Bi-
Age, and when he had ſuch excellent ſhop of London being preſent with them
Health, and ſo great Vigour of Body, to officiate, he poſitively and roughly
that when his Murderers cauſed him refuſed to conſent to it ; and ſaid, it
to be open'd (which they did, and was not lawful; that the Common-Prayer
were ſome of them preſent at it. with Book was put down, and he would not
great Curioſity) they confeſſed and ſuffer it to be uſed in that Garriſon
declared, That no Man had ever áll bis where he commanded; nor could all the
vital Parts so perfeet and unhurt; and Reaſons, Perſwaſions, and Entreaties,
that he ſeem’dto be of ſo admirable a prevail with him to ſuffer it. Then
Compoſiion and Conſtitution, that be they went into the Church, to make
would probably have liv'd as long as Na choice of a Place for Burial. But when
ture could ſubſift. His Body. was im- they enter'd into it, which they had
mediately carried into a Room at been ſo weld acquainted with; they
White-Hall, where he was expofed for found it fo alter'd and transform’d,
many Days to the publick View, that all Infcriptions, and thoſe Land-Marks
all Men might know that he was not pulled down, by which all Men knew
alive. And he was then imbalm’d, every particular Place in that Church,
- and put into a Coffin, and ſo carried and ſuch a diſmal Mutation over the
to St. James's; where he likewiſe re- whole, that they knew not where they
main'd ſevera/ Days. They who were were : Nor was there one old Officer
qualified to order his Funeral, declared, that had belonged to it, or knew where
That he should be buried at Windſor in -our Princes had uſed to be interr’d.
a decent Manner, provided that the At laſt there was a Fellow of the
whole Expence ſhould not exceed five hun. Town who undertook to tell them the
dred Pounds. The Duke of Richmond, Place, where, he ſaid, There was a
the Marquis of Hertford, the Earls of Vault, in which King Harry the Eighth
Southampton and Lindſey, who had been and Queen Jane Seymour were interrid.
of his Bed-Chamder, and always very As near that Place as could conve-
faithful to him, deſired thoſe who go niently be, they cauſed the Grave to
vern'd, That they might have leave to be made. There the King's Body was
perform the laſt Duty. to their dead Ma- laid without any Words, or other Ce-
fter, and to wait upon him to bis Grave; remonies than the Tears and Sighs of
which, after ſome Pauſes, they were per- the few Beholders. Upon the Coffin
mitted to do, with this, That they mould was a Plate of Silver fixt with theſe
not attend the Corps out of Town ; ſince Words only, King Charles 1648.
they reſoiv'd it ſhould be privately car. When the Coffin was put in, the black
ried to Windſor without Pomp or Noiſe, Velvet Pall that had cover'd it was
and then they ſhould have timely Notice, thrown over, it, and then the Earth
that if they pleaſed, they might be at his was thrown in; which the Governor
Interment. And accordingly it was ſtayed to ſee perfectly done, and then
committed to four of thoſe Servants, took the Keys of the Church,
Though
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
519
Though this wicked and abomina- ſatisfying themſelves that they were not
ble Action had to a Degree ſatisfied guilty of the innocent Royal Blood that
their Malice, it had not enough pro- had been ſpilt; and ſo their Number
vided for their Ambition or Security. increaſed. ` And that all Hopes and
They had no ſooner freed themſelves Pretences might be taken away from
from one, than another King was their Subjects, the Peers of England,
grown up in his Place. And beſides that they ſhould hereafter have any
the old Royal Party, which continued thing to do in declaring what the fun-
ſtill vigorous, notwithſtanding their Loſs damental Laws of the Land were, a
of lo much'Blood, and, (which weakens new High Court of Juſtice was ap-
almoſt as much) of fó great Eſtates, pointed to fit for the Trial of Duke
they did apprehend that there were Hamilton, the Earl of Holland, the
in the vaſt Number of the Guilty (who Earl of Norwich, the Lord Capel, and
quietly look'd on upon the Removal of another Gentlemen, one Sir John Owen
the old, whom they had fo grievouſly (who having been heretofore a Colonel
offended) who would yet be very wil. in the King's Army, had, in a late In-
ling to ſubmit, and be obedient to the ſurrection in Wales, killed the High
new King; who was like to find more Sheriff) that they might ſee there
Friends abroad, as well as at home, ſhould hereafter be no more Diſtinction
than his Father had done. And there- of Quality in Trials for Life, but that
fore they made Haſte to prevent this the greateſt Lord and the Commoners.
threatning Evil, by publiſhing a Pro- Thould undergo the fame Judicatory,
clamation, That no Perſon whatſoever and Form of Trial.
jould prefume to declare Charles Stuart, Duke Hamilton could not well be
Son to the late Charles, commonly called thought other than a Priſoner of War,
the Prince of Wales, or any other Per- and to not liable to a Trial for his
ſon to be King, or chief Magiſtrate of Life. He had attempted to make an
England, or Ireland, or of any Domi- Eſcape ; in which he had ſo well.
nions belonging thereta, by colour of. In- ſucceeded, that he was out of his Ene-
beritance, Succeſſion, Election, or any mies Hands for three Days; but, be-
other Claim whatſoever; and that when ing impatient to be at a greater Di-
ever, contrary to this Axt, preſume to ſtance from them, 'he was apprehended
proclaim, &c. Joculd be deem'd and ad as he was taking Horſe in Southwark;
judged a Traytor, 'and ſuffer accordingly. and carried Priſoner into the Tower;
Whilſt theſe perfidious Wretches from whence he was brought, with the
* had theic Hands ſtill reeking in the others, before that High Court of Ju-
precious Blood of their Sovereign, they ſtice. He inſiſted upon the Right and
were put upon a new Piece of Butche- Privilege of the Kingdom of Scotland
ry, as neceſſary to the Eſtabliſhment that it had not the leaſt Dependance upon
of their new Tyranny. The King was the Kingdom of England, but was ena
no ſooner dead, but they declared, as tirely govern'd by its own Laws: That
hath been ſaid, That from this 'Time. be, being a Subject of that Kingdom,
England should be govern'd as a Com. was bound to obey the Commands thereof i
mon-wealth by tbe Parliament; that is, and the Parliament of that Kingdon,
by that handful of Men, who by their having thought it neceſary to raiſe an
Wiſdom and Power had wrought this Army for the Relief of their King, and
wonderful Alteration. And becauſe conſtituted him General of that Army, it
the Number of thoſe appear'd very was not lawful for him to refuſe the
ſmall, and the Number of thoſe they Command thereof; and whatever Mis-
had excluded was very viſible, they fortune be had undergone with it, be
made an Order and Declaration, That could not be underſtood to be liable to any
as many of the Members who had been Puniſhment, but what a Priſoner of
excluded, as would under their Hands War was bound to undergo. He was
approve all that had been done during told, That the Rights and Laws of the
the Time they were excluded, should re- Kingdom of Scotland were not called in
turn to their Seats in the Houſe without Queſtion, nor could be violated by their
any Prejudice for the future. Here. Proceedings againſt him, who was a
upon divers went again into the Houſe, SubjeEt. of England';. against which be
;
3
was
520
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to live.
was charged with Rebellion and Trea- him in mind of his Carriage at that
Son : That they did not proceed against Time, and how much he neglected
him as Duke Hamilton of Scotland, but then the General's Civility. The other
as Earl of Cambridge in England, and inſiſted ftill on the Promiſe ; and urg-
they would judge bim as ſuch. The ed, That the General might be ſent for,
Earl of Holland was not in a good Dif- and examin'd; which they knew not
poſition of Health, and ſo anſwer'd how to deny, but in regard of his
little, as a Man that would rather re- Indiſpoſition of Health, they ſaid,
ceive his Life by their Favour, than They would ſend to him, whilſt they pro-
from the Strength of his Defence. ceeded againſt Sir John Owen, who
The Earl of Norwich behaved himſelf was the other Priſoner.
with great Submiſſion to the Court, He anſwered them without any Ap-
and with all thoſe Addreſſes as were plication, That he was a plain Gentle.
moſt like to reconcile his Judges to man of Wales, cobo had been always
him, and to prevail over their Affec- taught to obey the King; that be bad
tions : Spoke of his being bred up in ſerv'd him honeſtly during the War, and
the Courts from his Cradle, in the Time finding afterwards that many honest
of Queen Elizabeth ; of his having been Men endeavour'd to raiſe Forces, where-
å Servant to King James all his Reign; by they might get him out of Prifón, be:
.of bis Dependance upon Prince Harry; did the like ; and the High Sheriff en-
afterwards, upon the late King ; of the deavour'd to oppoſe bim, and ſo chanced
Obligations he had to the Crown, and to be kilid; which he might have avoid-
of bis Endeavours to ſerve it; and con ed if he had ſtaid at home : And con-
cluded as a Man that would be bebold- cluded like a Man that did not much
ing to them if they would give him leave care what they reſolvd concerning
hiin.
The Lord Capel appear'd undaunted, Whether the Queſtion was well
and utterly refuſed to ſubmit to their ſtated to Fairfax, or what was elſe ſaid
Juriſdiction ; That in the Condition and to him to difſwade him from owning
Capacity of a Soldier and a Priſoner of his Declaration and Promiſe, he bog-
War, he ſaid, the Lawyers and Gown- gled ſo much in his Anſwer, that they
men had nothing to do with him, and would be of Opinion, That he had not
therefore be would not anſwer to any made fuch direčt and poſitive Promiſe ;
Thing which they had ſaid againſt him and that the ſame was never tranſmitted
(Steel having treated him with great to the Parliament ; which it ought to
Rudeneſs and Inſolence) but inſiſted have been ; and that, at moſt, it could
upon the Law of Nations, wbich ex but exempt thoſe Priſoners from being
empted a!l Priſoners, though ſubmitting tried before a Court, or Council of War,
to Mercy, from Death, if it was not in- and could not be underſtood as an Obli-
flięted within ſo many Days'; which gation sipon the Parliament, not to give
were long ſince expired. He urged the Direction to.. Such a legal Proceeding
Declaration which Fairfax the General egainſt them, as they faculd find neceſary
bad made to him, and the reſt of the Pri- for the Peace and Safety of the Kingdom.
Toners, after the Death of Sir Charles The Preſident Bradſhaw told the Lord
Lucas, and Sir George Liſe, that no Capel, with many inſolent Expreſſions,
other of their Lives ſhould be in Danger, That he was tried before ſuch Judges.
which he had Witneſſes ready to prove, as the Parliament thought fit to aſign
if they might be admitted; and con bim; and who judged a better Man than
cluded, That, if he had committed any himſelf. So the Sentence of Death was
Offence worthy of Death, he might be pronounced againſt all five of them,
tried by his Peers ;. which was bis That they ſhould loſe their Heads ; upon
Right by the Laws of the Land; the which Sir John Owen made a low Re-
Benefit whereof he required. Ireton, verence, and
gave
them humble
who was preſent, and ſate as one of Thanks; and being aſk'd by a Stander
his Judges, denied, That the General by, What be meant? he ſaid aloud, It
bad made any ſuch Promiſe, and if be was a very great Honour to a poor Gen-
bad, that the Parliamene's Authority tleman of Wales to loſe his Head with
could not be reſtrain!d thereby; and put ſuch noble Lords; and ſwore a great
Oath,
2
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
52 1
1
ment.
Outh, That he was afraid they would Merit towards the Perliament in the
have k'anged bim.
Beginning of the Troubles de boto much
The Priſoners were all carried to be had ſuffer'd in the Court for his Af-
St James's.; where they were to remain fection to them: His Age, and Infirmis
till their Execution two Days after; ties, wbich would not ſuffer bim long to
which Time their Friends and Rela- enjoy that Life they ſhould give bim: And
tions, had to endeavour to preſerve the Conſideration of his Wife and Chile
their Lives by the Power and Autho- dren, which were numerous. But theſe
rity of the Parliament ; where there Arguments ſtirr'd up others, to inveigh
were ſo many ſitting who had not ſate againſt his Backſlidings with the more
in Judgment upon them, and who Bitterneſs, and to undervalue the Ser:
were of ſeveral Affections, and liable vices he had ever done; to tax his
to leveral Temptations, that there Vanities, and his Breach of Faith.
might be a reaſonable Hope to reſcue. When the Queſtion was put concern-
them from the cruel and unjuft Judg- ing him, they who were for the Nega-
Their Wives, and Children, tive, exceeded the Number of the
and Friends, left no Way untried to other by three or four Votes; Crom:
prevail ; offer'd, and gave Money to well having more than an ordinary
Toñe who were willing to receive it, Animoſity againſt him, for his Behaa
and made Promiſes accordingly. But ·, vior in the Beginning of the Summmer,
they who had the greateſt Credit, and and for ſome Words of Neglect and
moſt Power to terrify others who contempt he had let fall concerning
ſhould diſpleaſe them, were inexora- himſelf. The Earl of Norwich came
ble; yet dealt ſo much more honeſtly next upon the Stage; who having al.
than the reſt, that they declared to ways liv'd a chearful and jovial Life,
the Ladies, who follicited for their without contracting many Enemies, had
Huſbands and their Farhers, That they many there who wilh'd him well, and
would not endeavour to do them Service. few who had Animoſity againſt him
Ireton above all Men, continued his ſo that when the Queſtion was put con-
infolent and dogged Humour, and cerning him, the Houſe was equally
told them, If he had Credit, they ſhould divided, the Votes which rejected his
all die. Others, who gave better Petition, and thoſe which would pre-
Words, had no better Meaning than ſerve his Life, were equal : So that his
he.
Life or Death depended upon the ſw-
All their Petitions were read in Or- gle Vote of the Speaker ; who told the
der, being penn'd in ſuch Styles as the Court, That he had receiv'd many Obli.
Friends, who follicited for them, were gations from that Lord; and that once
adviſed. Duke Hamilton's Petition be- when he had been like to have incurrådthe
ing read, many, upon the Motives of King's Diſpleaſure, by Some Miſinforma-
Juſtice, and as they imagined his tion, which would have been very penal to.
Death, might be the Occaſion of new him, the Lord Goring (under which,
Troubles between the two Nations, Style he was treated, the additional of
ſince Scotland could not but reſent it, Norwich not being allow'd by, them
would have been willing he ſhould live. upon their old Rule) hed by his Credit
But he had fewer Friends to his Perſon preſerv'd him, and remov'd the Preju-
than any of the reſt; and Cromwell dice that was againſt him; and therefore
křew well that his being out of the be was oblig'd in Gratitude to give bis
way would not be unacceptable to them Vote for the ſaving him. By this good
upon whom the Peace of that Kingdom Fortune he came to be preſervd; whe-
depended : So that when his Petition ther the Ground of it were true or no,
was read, it was rejected by very much or whether the Speaker made it only as
the major Part of Voices. The Con an Excuſe for ſaving any Man's Life
fideration of the Earl of Holland took who was put to aſk it in that Place.
up a long Debate; the Intereſt and The Lord Capel, ſhortly after he
Interpoſition of the Earl of Warwick, was brought Priſoner to the Tower.
his Brother, was apply'd; and every from Windſor Caſtle, had by a won-
Preſbyterian to a Man, was ſollicitous derful Adventure, having a Cord and
to preſerve him. They urged, His all Things neceffary convey'd to him,
151
ler
6Q
1
52 2
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
iet hinreif down out of the Window Houſe they went; and then went to
of his Chamber in the Night, over the an Officer, and demanded, What be
Wall of the Tower ; and had been would give him to bring him to the Place
directed through what Part of the where the Lord Capel lay? And the
Ditch he might be beſt able to wade. Officer promiſing to give him ten
Whether he found the right Place, or Pounds, he led him preſently to the
whether there was no fafer Place, he Houſe, where that excellent Perſon
found the Water and Mud ſo deep, was ſeized upon, and the next Day
that, if he had not been by the Head carried to the Tower.
taller than other Men, he'muſt have When the Petition that his Wife
periſhed, ſince the Water came up to had deliver'd, was read, many Gen-
his Chin. The Way was ſo long to tlemen ſpoke on his Behalf; and men-
the other side, and the Fatigue of tion'd the great Virtues which were in
drawing himſelf out of ſo much Mud him; and That he had never deceivid
ſo intolerable,, that his Spirits were them, or pretended to be of their Parly;
near ſpent, and he was once ready to but always reſolutely declar'd himſelf for
call out for Help, as thinking it better the King : and Cromwell, who had
to be carried back again to the Priſon, known him very well; fpoke ſo much
than to be found in ſuch a Place, from Good of him, and profeſs'd to have ſo
whence he could not extricate himſelf, much Kindneſs and Reſpect for him,
and where he was ready to expire. that all Men thought he was now fafe,
But it pleaſed God, that he got at laſt when he concluded, That bis Affection
to the other Side ; where his Friends to the Publick ſo much weighd down his
expected him, and carried him to a Friendſhip, that he could not but tell
Chamber in the Temple; where he them, that the Queſtion was now, whether
remain'd' two or three Nights fecure they would preſerve the moſt bitter and
from any Diſcovery, notwithſtanding moſt implacable Enemy they bad: That
the Diligence that could not but be he knew the Lord Capel very well, and
uſed to recover a Man they deſign'd knew that he would be the laſt Man in
to uſe no better. After two or three England that would forſake the Royal
Days a Friend whom he truſted much, Intereſt ; that be; had great. Courage,
and who deſerv'd to be truſted, con- Induſtry, and Generoſity; that he had
ceiving that he might be more ſecure many. Friends who would always, adbere
in a Place to which there was leſs Re- to him; and that as long as be liv'de
fort, and where there were ſo many what Condition foever be was in, he
harbour'd who were every Day fought would be, a Thorn in their Sides; and
after, had provided a Lodging for tberefore, for the. Good of the Common-
him in a private Houſe in Lambeth wealth, be bould give his Vote againſt
Marſh; and calling upon him in an the Petition. Ireton's Hatred was im-
Evening, when it was dark, to go placable: He ſpake of him, and againſt
thither, they choſe rather to take any him, as a Man of whom he was hear-
Boat they found ready at the Temple tily, afraiờ. . Very many were ſway'd
Stairs, than to truſt one of that People by the Argument that had been urg'd
with the Secret ; and it was ſo late that againſt Duke Hamilton; That God was
there was one only Boat left there. In not pleas'd that he ſhould eſcape, becauſe
that the Lord Capel (as well diſguisd he had put him into their Hands again,
as he thought neceſſary) and his Friend, when he was at Liberty. And ſo, af-
put themſelves, and bid the Waterman ter a long Debate, though there was
to row them to Lambeth. Whether, not a Man who had not a Value for
in their Paffage thither; the other Gen- him, and very few who had a particu-
tlemian called him my Lord, as was lạr Malicę, or Prejudice towards him,
confidently reported, or whether the the Queſtion being put, the Negative
Waterman had any Jealouſy by ob was more by three or four Voices; So
ſerving what he thought was á Diſ- that, of the four Lords, three were
guiſe, when they were landed, the without the Mercy of that unmerciful
wicked Waterman, undiſcern'd, fol. People. There being no other. Petition
low'd them, till he ſaw into what preſented, Ireton told them, There bad
:
6
been
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 523
!
been great Endeavours and Sollicitation courſe. He ſpoke of bis Religion, as
us'd to ſave all thoſe Lords; but that a Matter unqueſtionable, by the Educa-
there was a commoner, another con tion he had bad in the religious Family
demnd Perfon, for whom 'no Man bad of which he was a Branch: Which
fpoke a Word, nor had be bimſelf to was thought a ſtrange Diſcourſe for a
much as petition'd them; and therefore dying-Man, who, though a Son, knew
he deſired, that Sir John Owen, might enough the Iniquity of his Father's
be preſerv’d by the meer Motive, and Houſe, which ſhould rather have been
Goodneſs of the Houſe itſelf; which buried in Silence, than, by ſuch an un-
found little Oppoſition ; whether they ſeaſonable Teſtimony, have been re-
were ſatisfied with Blood, or that they vived in the Memory and Diſcourſe of
were willing, by this Inſtance, that Men. He took more Care to be
the Nobility ſhould ſee that a Com- thought a good friend to Parliaments;
moner ſhould be preferr'd before them. than a good Servant to his Maſter, and
A Sca. Fold was erected before West- was thought to ſay too little of his hay-
minſter-Hall, and all the Priſoners con- ing failed fo much in his Ducy to him,
demn'd brought from St. James's (as which moſt good Men thought to be
well the two who were repriev'd, as
the Source from whence his preſent
the three who were to ſuffer) upon the Calamity ſprung. He was a very well
Ninth of March, that was at the End bred Man, and a fine Gentleman in
of the Year 1648, a little more than a good Times; but too much deſired to
Month after the Murder of the King, enjoy Eaſe and Plenty, when the King
to Sir Thomas Cotton's Houſe at the up- could have neither and did think
per End of Westminſter-Hell ; where Poverty, the mçſt inſupportable Evil
they were ſuffer’d to repoſe themſelves that could befat any Man in this
about the Space of an Hour, and then World. He was then ſo weak that he
were led ſucceſſively through the Hall could not have livd long; and wheri
to the Scaffold. Duke Hamilton being his Head was cut off; very little Blood
firſt; who feem'd yet to have ſome follow'd.
Hope of a Reprieve, and made ſome The Lord Capel was then cald ;
Stay in the Hall; till the Earl of Dena who walked through Weſtminſter-Hall,
bigh came to him; and, after a ſhort faluting ſuch of his Friends and Aca
Whiſper, in which he found there was quaintance as he ſaw there; with a very
no Hope, he aſcended the Scaffold. ſerene Countenance, accompanied with
He complain'd much of, The Injuſtice. `his Friend Dr. Morley; who had been
that was done bin; and that he was with him from the Time of his Sen-
put to Death for obezing the Laws of his tence, but at the Foot of the Scaffold,
Country ; which if he had not done, be the Soldiers ſtopping the Doctor, his
muſt have been put to death there. He Lordſhip took his leave of him; and;
acknowledgʻd the Obligations he had embracing him, thanked him; and
to the King, and feem'd not ſorry for faid, he thould go no farther, having
the Gratitude he had expreſſed, how fome Apprehenſion that he might re
dear foever it coſt him. His natural ceive ſome Affront by that rude People
D. fs, and Reſervation in his Dif- after his Death ;, the Chaplains who
courſe, made him to be thought a wiſe attended the two other Lordsbeing
Man, and his having been in Com. · Men of the Time, and the Doctor
mand under the King of Sweden, and being well known to be moſt contrary..
his continual Diſcourſes of Battles, and As ſoon as his Lordſhip had aſcend-
Fortifications, made him be thought a ed the Scaffold, he looked very vigo-
great Soldier. And both theſe Mi- rouſly about, and aſked, Whether iße.
itakes were the Cauſe that made him other Lords had Spoken to the People
be looked upon as a worſe and more with their Hats on and being told,
dangerous Man, than in truth he de- that, they were bare ; he gave his Hat
fery'd to be,
to his Servart, and then with a clear
The Earl of Holland was brought and a ſtrong Voice, faid, That be. was
next, by his long Sickneſs, was brought thither to die for doing that
ſo ſpent, that his Spirits ſerv'd not to which he could not repent of; that, be
entertain, the People with long Dil. had been born, and bred under the Gó-
vernment
1
524
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
a-
vernment of a King whom he was bound any Man to be ſo, the King himnlelf
in Conſcience to obey ;. under Laws, to remain'd in a very difconfolate Condi-
which he had been always obedient; and tion at the Hague. Though he had
in the Boſom of a Church, which he known the deſperate State his Father
thought the beſt in the World: That be was long in, yet the barbarous Stroke
had never violated his Faith to either of fo ſurprized him, that he was in all
thoſe, and was now condemn'd tą die a the Confuſion imaginable, and all
gainſt all the Laws of the Land; to about him were almoſt bereft of their
which Sentence he did ſubmit.
Underſtanding. The Truth is, it can
He enlarged himſelf in commending hardly be conceiv'd, with what a Con-
the great Virtue and Piety of the King, ſternation this terrible News was re-
whom they had put to Death; who was ceiv'd by all, even by the Common
so juſt and so merciful a Prince; and People of that Country. There was a
prayed to God, to forgive the Nation Woman at the Hague, of the middling
that innocent Blood. Then he re- Rank, who, being with Child, with
commended to them the preſent King, the Horror of the mention of ir, fell
who, he ſaid, was their true and their into Travel, and in it died. There
lawful Sovereign; and was worthy to could not be more Evidence of a gene-
be fo : That he had the Honour to have ral Deteftation, than there was,
been ſome Years near his Perſon, and mongſt all Men of what Quality ſoever
therefore he could not but know him well; Within two or three Days, which they
and aſſured them, That he was a Prince gave to the King's Recollection, the
of great Underſtanding, of an excellent States preſented themſelves in a Body
Nature, of great Courage, and entire to his Majeſty, to condole with him
Lover of Juſtice, and of exemplary Piety: for the Murder of his Father, in Terms
That he was not to be maken in his Re- of great Sorrow, fave that there, was
ligion; and had all thoſe princely Vir not Bitterneſs enough againſt the Re-
tues, which could make a Nation happy: bels and Murderers. The States of
And therefore adviſed them, to ſubmit Holland, apart; performn'd the ſame
to bis Government, as the only Means Civility towards his Majeſty; and, the
to preſerve themſelves, their Poſterity, Body of the Clergy, in a Latin Oration,
and the Proteſtant Religion. And hav- deliver'd by the chief Preacher of the
ing, with great Vehemence, recom-. Hague, lamented the Misfortune, in
mended it to them, after ſome Prayers Terms of as much.Afperity, and De-
very devoutly pronounced upon his teftation of the Actors, as unworthy
Knees, he ſubmitted himſelf, with an the Name of Chriſtians, as could be
unparallell'd Chriſtian Courage, to the expreſſed.
fatal Stroke, which depriv'd the Na The Deſperateneſs of the King's
tion of the nobleſt Champion it had. Condition, could not excuſe his ſinking
So ended the Year One thouſand fix under the Burthen of his Grief: But
hundred forty eight ; a Year of.Re. thoſe who were about him befought
proach and Infamy above all Years him to reſume ſo much Courage as was
which had paſſed before it; a Year of neceſſary for his preſent State. He
the higheſt Diffimulation and Hypo- thereupon cauſed thoſe of his Father's
crify, of the deepeſt Villany and moſt Council who had attended him, to be
bloody Treaſons, that any Nation was ſworn of his Privy Council, adding
ever curſed with, or under : A Year, only Mr. Long his Secretary ;. who be.
in which the Memory of all the Tranf- fore was not of the Council. All
actions ought to be razed out of all Re- which was done before he heard from
cords, leſt, by the Succeſs of it the Queen his Mother; who, notwith-
Atheiſm, Infidelity, and Rebellion, ſtanding the great Agony ſhe was in,
ſhould be propagated in the Word. which without doubt was as great a
Paſſion of Sorrow as lhe was able to
Whilſt theſe Tragedies were acting ſuſtain, wrote to the King, That he
in England, and Ordinances formid, could not do better, than to repair into
as hath been ſaid, to make it penal in the France as ſoon as was poſible, and in
higheſt Degree for any Man to aſſume the mean Time, deſired bim, not to ſwear
the Title of King, or to acknowledge any perſons to be of his Council, till ſhe
could
I
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
525
could ſpeak with him. Whether it was, Jeſſed of the whole Province of Munſter;
that ſhe did not think thoſe Perſons to and that the confederate Roman Catho-
be enough at her Devotion ; or that licks had invited him to Kilkenny;
The would have them receive that Ho- where he had made a.full Peace with
nour mpon her Recommendation. them: So that they were preparing an
The King himſelf had no Mind to Army to march under his Command a-
go into France, where he thought he gainſt Dublin. This News made them
had not been treated with Exceſs of hope, that every Day would improve
Courteſy; and he reſolv'd to perform it ſo much, that it would be fit for
all filial Reſpect towards the Queen, the King to tranſport his own Perſon
his Mother, without ſuch a Conde- thither in the Spring.
fcention and Reſignation of himſelf, as In this Conjuncture there arrivda
fhe expected; and to avoid all Eclar- Gentleman, one Sir Joſeph Douglas,
ciſments upon that Subject, he heartily with a Letter from the Privy Council
deſired that any other Courſe might be of Scotland, by which they ſent his
found more counſellable than that he Majeſty word, that they had proclaim'd
ſhould
go into France. He himſelf lived him King of Scotlands, and ſent him
with, and upon the Prince of Orange; the Proclamation ; and willid, That
who ſupplied him with all Things ne he would prepare himſelf to repair into
ceffary for his own Perſon, for his that his Kingdom ; in order 'to, which,
Mourning and the like :. But towards' they would ſpeedily ſend another Invita-
any other Support for himſelf and his tion to him. And that Invitation ar-
Family, his Majeſty had not enough to riv'd at the ſame Time with ſome
maintain them onė Day: And there Commiſſioners deputed by the Council,
were very few of them who could and three or four Preachers, ſent froni
maintain themſelves in the moſt private the Commiſſioners of the Kirk. The
Way: And it was viſible enough, Proclamation indeed declar'd, Foritkat
that they ſhould not be long able to as much as the late King was, contrary.
reſide at the Hague; where there was; to the Diſent and Proteftation of that
at that very Time, an Agent for the Kingdom, removid by a violent Death;
Parliament, Strickland; who had been that, by the Lord's Bleling; there was
there ſome Years, but pretended then left unto them a righteous Heir, and
to reſide there with his Wife (who was lawful Succeſſor, Charles, &c. who was
born in Holland of Engliſh Parents) and become their true and lawful King ;. byt
without any publick Character, though upon Condition of his good. Behaviour,
he was ſtill under the ſame Creden- and ſtriet Obſervation of the Covenant;
tials. And their Advertiſements from and his "entertaining no other Perſons
London aſſured them, that the Par- about him but ſuch as were godly Men,
liament had nominated one, who was and faithful to that Obligation. A Pro-
preſently to be ſent as their Ambaffa- clamation ſo ſtrangely worded, that,
dor, or Envoy to the States, to give though it called him their King, ma-
them an Account of their Affairs, and nifeſted enough to him, that he was to
to invite them to enter into an Alli- be ſubject to their Determinations, in
ance with them. So that it was Time all the parts of his Government. And
to think of ſome other Retreat for the the Commiſſioners, both Laity and
King; and none appear'd then fo fea- Clergy, ſpoke no other Language; and
ſonable in View, as Ireland; from ſaving that they bowed their. Bodies,
whence they heard, That Prince Rupert and made low Reverences, they ap-
was arriv'd ſafely at Kingſale with the pear's more like Embaſſadors from a
Fleet : That, the Lord Inchiquin had free State to an equal Ally, thith like
made a Ceſſation with the Iriſh, before Subjects ſent to their own Sovereign:
the Lord Lieutenant came' thither; and At the ſame Time, though not in the
the Iriſh had deſerted the Pope's Nuncia, fame Ship, arriv'd likewiſe from Scot-
who was driven away, and bad embarked land the Earl of Lanrick, and Earl of
himſelf for France : That the Marquis Lautherdale; the former not knowing,
of Ormond was receiv'd by the Lord till he came into Holland, that he was
Inchiquin with all the Obedience imagi- Duke Hamilton' by the Slaughter of his
nable ; by which he became entirely pof- elder Brother. But they two were ſo
152
6.R
far
a
ܕܝ
526
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
far from having any Authority from was broken, !and their Feredom and
their Country, that they were fled Privileges were taken from them by
from thence as proſcrib'd Perſons and the Inſolence, and Power of the Army
Malefactors.
(which they perfectly hated and de-
Whereupon the new Duke kept his teſted, and all thoſe Sects and Liber-
Chamber for ſome Days, without ſo tiniſm they heard were introduc'd in
much as waiting on the King; who Religion contrary to their Covenant,
ſent a gracious Meſſage to him to con- which Cromwell himſelf had promis'd
dole for the Loſs of his Brother; and ſhould be ſtrictly obſervd) they begun
all the Lords, and other Perſons of to examine, what the Obligations were
Quality about the King, made their which were incumbent upon them even
Viſits to him with all Civility. This. by the Covenant itſelf. The Delivery
Duke was not inferior in Wiſdom, and of the King's Perſon into the Hands of
Parts of Underſtanding, to the wiſeft the Parliament at Newcaſtle had been,
Man of that Nation, and was very in the Inſtant it was done, the moſt
much eſteem'd by thoſe who did not' unpopular and ungracious Act to the
like the complying, and inſinuating whole Nation of Scotland, that it had
Nature of his Brother. He was a Man been ever guilty of, and to the Army
of great Honour, Courage, and Since they had then on Foot, which took it-
rity in his Nature, and, which was a ſelf to be deeply wounded by the Infa.
rare Virtue in the Men of that Time, my of it, and was therefore quickly
was ſtill the ſame Man he pretended to diſbanded by the cunning of Argyle:
be; and had very much to ſay in his And the univerſal Indignation againſt
own Defence for the Errors he had run that Action was the principal Incite-
into ; which he acknowledg'd always ment to that general Engagement with
with great. Ingenuity, and abhorrid Duke Hamilton, that the Honour of
the whole Proceedings of his Country- the Nation might in fome Degree bę
men; and, at this Time, brought a repair'd, or redeem'd. It was a groſs
Heart, and Affection clearer and leſs Overſight in the Hamiltonian Party,
clogg'd with Scruples and Reſervations and diſcern'd then to be ſo by the Earl
for the King's Service, than any other of Lanrick, that, upon that popular
of them did.
Folke Advantage, in which he would have
Though Cromwell, at his being in found an univerſal Concurrence, Ar-
Scotland, had left Argyle in full Pof- gyle himſelf and all his Faction had
ſeſſion of the Government there, and not been 'totally ſuppreſs’d, for the
had reduced, and diſbanded all thoſe Redemption of the Honour of their
who were in Arms againſt him, and Country. But that Duke's Politicks
promiſed him all neceſſary Alfiſtance did not lie that Way; and ſo he might
to fubdue thoſe who ſhould riſe againſt return to his old Poſt of Favour in
him in that Kingdom for the future, England, of which he made little
and thereby compelld the Committee doubt, he was not willing to give à
of Eſtatęs to convene, and ſummon new Beginning to thoſe bloody Enter-
the Parliament to aſſemble, which they priſes in Scotland, which, he knew
had Authority to do; änd ſo he had well, uſed not to be ſhort-liv'd in that
ſuppreſs'd the Party of Hamilton, dri- Climate after once begun, but had al-
ven the Earl of Lanrick to hide him. ways freſh Sacrifices of Blood to perpe-
ſelf in ſome obſcure Place, and con tuate the Memory of them.
demn'd the Engagement as unlawful They had no ſooner heard of the
and finful, and all the Perſons who Erection of a High Court of Juſtice,
advanced and promoted it, as Deſert. and of a Purpoſe of trying the King
ers of the Covenant, and ſo to ſtand for his Life, than, notwithſtanding all
excommunicated, and not to be capa- the Artifices Argyle could uſe; they
ble of ſerving in Parliament, or in the were all in a Flame. As well the Ar-
Council of Eſtate; ſo that he was ſure ſembly of the Kirk, as the Parliament,
to find no Oppoſition in whatſoever he renew'd the Senſe they always had of
propos'd ; yet, after the Parliament Reproach in the Delivery of his Per-
had fervd him fo far, when they ſon, of which the preſent Danger he
heard that the Parliament in England was in, was the Conſequence. And
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 527
the Marquis of Argyle had had too they should be so short in their Expoftu-
deep a Share in that Wickedneſs, to lations, that they gave no Occaſions of
endure the Shock of a new Diſpute, Offence : That they should urge, that
and Inquiſition upon that Subject; and the Parliament, would delay to meddle
therefore gave not the leaſt Oppoſition with the King's Perfon, according to
to their Paffion; but ſeem'd equally their ſeveral Promiſes, and Declarations
concern'd in the Honour of the Na-
at Newcaſtle, and at Holmby : This
tion, to proſecute an high Expoftula- if they ſhould proceed to Sentence againſt
tion with thoſe of England, for the the King, then they were to enter their
Breach of Faith, and the Promiſes, Diſſent and Proteft, that this Kingdom
which had been made for the Safety may be free from the Miſeries which
and Preſervation of the King's Perſon, will inevitably follow, without offering
at the Time he was deliver'd up; and in their Reaſons, that Princes are exa
therefore propos'd, That Commiſioners empted from Trial and Juſtice). That
jhould be forthwith ſent to the Parliament none in the Parliament of Scotland bath,
at London, to require the Performance or had any band in the Proceedings
of what they bad promiſed, and to enter againſt tbe King, or Members of Pare
their Diſſent, and Proteſtation against liament in England. That they mould
'all their Proceedings againſt their King, alter thoſe their Inſtructions, and ma-
in the Name of the Kingdom of Scotland. nage their Truſt therein, according to
And the Earl of Lothian, and two the Advice they ſhould receive from their
others, who were known to be moſt Friends there : That they ſhould proſe-
zealous for the Covenant, and moſt cute their Inſtructions concerning the
enragºd and incens'd againſt the Prou Covenant, and againſt any Toleration :
ceedings of the Army, were 'made That they fould shew, that the King's
choice of, and preſently ſent away, laft Conceſſions were unſatisfactory to
that they might make all poſſible thoſe Propoſitions which they had made
Hafte to Weſtminſter, and were, im- in point of Religion.
mediately upon their Arrival, to de Theſe were their private Inftruca
mand Permiſſion to wait upon the tions; and who thoſe Friends at Lon-
King, wherever he ſhould be, and to don were, by whoſe Advice they were
receive from him ſuch farther Direc- to alter their Inſtructions, or manage
tions, as he ſhould judge neceffary for their Truſt therein, can be underſtood
his Service.
of no other Men but Cromwell, and
Thus far Argyle could not oppoſe ; young Sir Harry Vane ; with whom
and therefore was as zealous as any Argyle held clofe Correſpondence. The
Man to advance it; knowing that the Commiſſioners obſervd their Inſtruc-
particular Inftructions muſt be pre- tions very faithfully, and after the
par?d by a leſs Number of Men, and King had been twice brought before
not ſubjected to the Examination and the High Court of Juſtice, they gave
Perufal of ſo many. And in thoſe, in their very calm Proteſtation, in
he was ſure to prevent any inconve- which they put them in mind, That
nient Powers to be granted to the they had near three Weeks before, repre-
Commiſſioners, with whom he had ſented to them what Endeavours bad
Credit enough, having made the Earl been us’d, for taking away the King's
of Lothian Secretary of State, in the Life, and for the change of the funda-
Place of the Earl of Lanrick, and the mental Government of the Kingdom, and
other two being (however follicitous introducing a ſinful and ungodly Tolera-
for the due Obſervation of the Cove- tion in Matters of Religion ; and that
nant, as he himſelf likewife pretended therein they had expreſs their Thoughts,
to be) known to be moſt averſe from and Fears of the dangerous Conſequences,
the Hamiltonian Party. Their private that might follow thereupon ; and that
Inſtructions were, That they should not, they had alſo earneſtly preſs'd; that there
in their Enlargements and Aggravations might be no farther Proceeding againſt
upon the Subjeet of their Mejage, feem his Majeſty's Perfon, which would cer-
to take Notice, or to imply, that any tainly continue the great Diſtractions of
Violence had been usid againſt the Par. the Kingdom, and involve them in many
liament, or any Member of it: That Evils, Troubles, and Confuſions ; but
that,
528
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
that, by the free Counſels of both Houfes future, than what they were to do to
of Parliament of England, and with prevent the preſent Miſchief they
the Advice and Conſent of the Parlia- ſeem'd to apprehend. And the Par
ment of Scotland, fuch Courſe might be liament beſt knew their Temper;
taken in relation to the King, as might when they deferr'd taking Norice of
be for, the Good and Happineſs of both their Proteſtation, till after they had
Kingdoms. But now, underſtanding that executed their execrable Villany; and
after the Impriſonment, and Excluſion of then they ſent them an Anſwer that
divers Members of the Houſe of Com- might agree with all their Palates.
mons, and without, and againſt the Con. They ſaid, They had heretofore told
fent of the Houſe of Peers, by a ſingle told them, what Power this Nation bad
AEt of their own, and theirs alone, in the Fundamentals of Government :
Power, was given to certain Perſons of That if Scotland had not the ſame Power
their own Members, of the Army, and and Liberty, as they went not about to
ſome others, to proceed againſt his Ma. confine them, but leaving them to aĉt in
jeſty's. Perſon, in order whereunto he had theirs as they ſhould ſee cauſe, they re-
been brought before that extraordinary ſolved to maintain their own Liberties
new Court; they did therefore in the as God ſhould enable them. And as they
Name of the Parliament of Scotland, were very far from impoſing upon them,
for their Vindication from falſe Aſper- ſo they ſhould not willingly ſuffer any Im-
Fions and Calumnies', declare, that poſitions from them, whilſt God gave
though they were not ſatisfied with his them Strength or Livis to oppoſe them.
Majeſty's late Conceſſions, in the Treaty They ſaid, that after a long and ſerious
at Newport in the The of Wight, efpe- Deliberation of their own intrinſical
cially in the Matters of Religion, and Power, and Truſt (deriv'd to them bý
were reſolv'd not to crave his Reſtora- the Providence of God, through the Dea
ition to his Government, before Satisfac- legation of the People) and upon the like
tion ſhould be given by him to that King Confiderations of what ihemſelves, and
dom; yet they did all unanimouſly with the whole Nation had ſufferid from the
one Voice, not one. Member excepted, Miſgovernment, and. Tyranny of the
diſclaim the leaſt Knowledge of, or oc- King, both in Peace, and by the Wars,
cafion to the late Proceedings of the Ar. and being conſcious how much they bäd
my here againſt the King. And to the provoked and tempted. God, by the Nex
end that it might be manifest to the glect of the impartial Execution of Jú-
World, how much they did abominate ſtice, in relation to the innocent Blood
and deteſt ſo horrid a Deſign againſt bis Spilt, and the Miſchief done in the late
Majeſty's Perſon, they did, in the Name Wars, they had proceeded in ſuch a
of the Parliament and Kingdom of Scot- Courſe of Juſtice againſt that Man of
land, declare their Diſſent from the ſaid Blood, as they doubted not the juſt God
Proceedings, and the taking away of bis (who is no Reſpecter of Perſons) did ap-
Majeſty's Life; proteſting, that as they prove, and would countenance with his
were all together free from the ſame, so Bleſings upon the Nation ; and that the
they might be free from all the Miſeries, Courſe they had taken with the late King,
evil Conſequences, and Calamities, that and meant to follow towards others the
might, follwe thereupon to the diſtracted capital Enemies of their Peace, was,
Kingdoms.
they hoped, that which would be for the
Whoever conſiders the Warineſs in Good and Happineſs of both Nations ;
the wording and timing this Proteſta- of which if that of Scotland would think
tion, the beſt End whereof could be to make uſe, and vindicate their own
no other than the keeping the King Liberty and Freedom (which lay before
always in Priſon, and fo governing them, if they gave them not away) they
without him in both Kingdoms (which would be ready to give them all neigh-
was thought to have been the Purpoſe bourly and friendly Aſiſtance in the eſta-
and Agreement of Cronwel and Argyle bliſhing thereof; and deſired them to take
when they parted) muſt conclude that it into their moſt ferious Confideration,
both the Commiſſioners, and they who before they eſpouſed that Quarrel, which
fènt them, labour'd and confider'd could bring them no other Advantage
more, what they were to ſay in the than the entailing upon them, and their
3
Poſte-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
529.
1
Poſterities, a laſting War, with all the miſſioners came from thence, Middle-
Miſeries which attended it, and Slavery ton, and ſome other Officers, who had
under ą Tyrant and bis I Jue.
been in their laſt Army, hearing that
It cannot be denied, but that Scot. the Prince
was proclaim'd Kirg;
land had by this a fair Invitation to thought it was ſeaſonable to put them-
have made themſelves a poor Repub- felves into a Poſture to ſerve him upon
lick, under the Shelter and Protection his Arrivals and ſo aſſembled ſome of
of the other, that was already become thoſe Troops which had formerly
terrible. But the Commiſſioners, who ſervid under them in the North of
well knew how unſuitable ſuch a Scotland; whereupon David Leſley was
Change would be to the Conſtitution appointed forthwith, with a Party of
of their Government, and that they Horſe 'and Foot, againſt thoſe Roy:
might be welcome to their own Coun- aliſts, whom they knew to be real Al-
try, whither they were now to repair, ferters of his Cauſe, without any other
made a Reply to this Anſwer with Intereſt or Deſign than of their per-
more Courage than they had yet ex-" forming their Duties; as loyal Subjects
preſfed ; for which notwithſtanding ought to do; and the Kirk at the ſame
their Qualification, they were impri- Time declar'd, Thet before the King:
fon'd by the Parliament; and, upon jould be receiv'd, albeit they had de-
new Inſtance from Scotland, ſet at Li- clar'd his Right by. Succellion, be ſhould.
berty afterwards.
firſt ſign the Covenant, submit to the
Matters being reduced to this State; Kirk's Cenfurę, renounce the Sins of bis
the Marquis of Argyle could not hinder Father's Houſe, and the. Iniquity of his
the new King's being acknowledged, Mother; with other. Things of the like
and proclaimed King, nor from being Nature. All which Information ar-
invited home; which fince. he could riv'd at the fame Time with the Com-
not obſtruct, it would be his Maſter- miffioners, that they who were about
piece to clog the Proclamation itſelf the King, might not be too much ex-
with ſuch Conditions as might terrify alted with their Maſter's being declared
the new King from accepting the In- King of one of his three Kingdoms.
vitation, and therefore he cauſed thiş And it was very manifeft; by all that
Clauſe to be inſerted in the Body of paſſed then. and afterwards, that the
the Proclamation itſelf, Becauſe bis Marquis of Argyle meant only to ſatisfy
Majeſty is bound, by the Law of God, the People, in declaring that they had a
and the fundamental Laws of this King- King, without which they could not
dom; to rule in Righteouſneſs and Equi- be ſatisfied, but that ſuch Conditions
ty, to the Honour of God, and the good ſhould be put upon him, as he knew,
of Religion, and the Wealth of the Peo- he would not ſubmit to';. and ſo he
ple; it is hereby declared that before he ſhould be able, with the Concurrence
be admitted to the Exerciſe of his Royal of the Kirk, to govern the Kingdom,
Power, be ſhall give Satisfaction to this till by Cromwell's Aſliſtance and Ada
Kingdom in thoſe Things which concern vice, he might reverſe that little Ap.
the Security of Religion, the Unity be- proach he had made towards Monar-
twixt the two King doms, and the Good chy by proclaiming a King.
and Peace of this:Kingdom, according to It was a great Misfortune to the
the National Covenant and folemn King, and which always attends Courçs
League and Covenant; for which End, which labour under great Wants and
they were reſolv'd with all poſſible Expe- Neceflities, that, whilſt the greateſt
dition, to make their bumble and earneſt Union imaginable amongſt the few
Addreſs to his Majeſty.
Friends he had was neceſſary, and of
This was the Proclamation that Sir too little Power to buoy him up from
Joſeph Douglaſs brought to the Hague, the Diſtreſſes which overwhelm'd him,
and the Subject upon which the Com. there was yet ſo great a Faction, and A-
miffioners were to invite his Majeſty to nimoſity amongſt them, that deſtroy'd
go for Scotland, whole Inſtructions any the moſt probable Deſign 'that
were very ſuitable to the Proclamation : could offer ítſelf; as it now fell out
And at the fame Time when the Com. with Reference to Scotland, which, if
153
6 S
united,
)
4
530
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
united, might yet be able to give Re- Difficulty, that he would ſtay in that
putation at leaſt, if not a vigorous Af- Place, which did not abound with all
ſiſtance to the King's Intereſt. Things deſirable, or fome where elſe,
The Marquis of Mountroſe had been untill
he might give him Notice, what
oblig'd by the late King to lay down the King's Senfe ſhould be of the Mat-
his Arms; and after he had perform'd ters diſcourſed between them ; infift-
ſuch wonderful Actions in Scotland, ing principally, That, if his going into
and left that Kingdom upon his Ma- Scotland ſhould be thought preſently to be
jeſty's firſt coming into the Scotiſh Ar- neceſſary, it would then be as neceſſary,
my to Newcaſtle, had firſt arriv'd in that he ſhould not be taken Notice of pub-
France, and had not ſuch a Reception lickly to have been with the King :
from the Queen of England, and thoſe with which Reaſon he ſeem'd fatisfied;
who were in Credit with her, as he and promiſed, not to come to the Hague,
thought the notable Services he had till he ſhould firſt receive Advice from
perform'd for the King had merited the Chancellor. But when he heard of
So that he foon lefe France, and made the Commiſſioners being come from
a Journey into Germany to: the Empe- Scotland, and of the other Lords Arri-
ror's Court, déſiring to ſee Armies, val there, he would no longer defer
till he could come to command them; his Journey thither, but came to the
and was return'd to Bruſſels, about the Hague well attended by Servants and
Time that the Prince came back into. Oficers, and preſented himſelf to the.
Holland with the Fleet ; and lay there King'; who receiv'd him with a very
very privately, and as incognito, for good Countenance.
fome Time, till he heard of the Mur There were at this. Time in the:
der of the late King. Then he ſent to Hague, the Commiſſioners who came;
the King with the Tender of his Ser: from the Council and the Kirk to in-
vice, and to know, If his Majeſty. vite the King into Scotland, or rather to
thought his Attendance upon him might let him know upon what Terms he
bring any Prejudice to his Majeſty; and if might come thither, Duke Hamilton,
fo, that he would ſend over the Chancellor- the Earl of Lautherdale, and others of
of the Exchequer to Sevenberg, a Town. the Nobility of that Faction, who were:
in Flanders, where he was at preſent to now as odicus, and as much perſecuted
expect him, and had Matters to commu- by that Party, which then govern’d:
nicate to him of much Importance to his Scotland and which in that Manner in-
Majeſty's Service.
The King com- vited the King, as any
vited the King, as any Men were who
manded the Chancellor of the Exche- had ſerv'd the King from the Begin-
quer preſently to go to him ;; and, if ning. There was alſo the Marquis of
he could, without exaſperating bim Mountroſe, with more of the Nobility,
(which he had no mind to do) wiſhed, as the Earls of Seaford, and Kincul,
he might be perſwaded rather for some and others, who adher'd to Mountroſe,
Time to ſuſpend his coming to the Hague, and believ'd his clear Spirit to be moſt
than preſently to appear there; which like to advance the King's Service.
was an Injunction very diſagreeable to Of theſe three Parties, it might rea-
the Chancellor ; who in his Judgment ſonably have been hoped that the two.
believ'd his Majeſty ſhould bid him laft being equally perſecuted by the
very welcome, and prefer him before Power that governd, ſhould have been
any other of that Nation in his Eſteem. eaſily united to have ſuppreſſed the
The ſudden violent Froſt, which other. But it was a Buſineſs too hard
ſhut up all the Rivers in leſs than four for the King to bring to paſs; and he
and twenty Hours, kept them at that could as eaſily have perſwaded the Par-
Time from meeting ; but, within a liament to reject Cromwell, as the
ſhort Time after, and upon another Lords of the Engagement, and thoſe
Meſſage from him, they met at a Vil- who had joyn'd with Duke Hamilton,
lage three or four Miles off the Hague; to be reconciled to Mountrofe : So that
whither the Marquis was come. They when the King hoped to have drawn
ſpent that Night together in Confer- all the Scotiſ Nobility together, to
ence, and the next Morning the Chan- have conſulted what Anſwer he ſhould
cellor prevailed with him, with great give tº the Meſſages he had receiv'd
3
from
1
+
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 531
1
from the Council and the Kirk, with Civil Law, was named; who, being
which they themſelves were enough born in Delpht in Holland, had been
offended, thoſe Lords of the Engege- bred at Leyden, and afterwards liv'd
ment did not only refuſe to meet with long in London, having been receiv'd
the Lord Mountroſe, but as ſoon as he into Greſham College as a Profeſſor in
came into the Room where they were, one of thoſe Chairs which are endowód
though his Majeſty himſelf was preſent, for publick Lectures in that Society,
they immediately withdrew, and left the and had been, from the Beginning of
Room; and had the Confidence to de. the Troubles, in the Exerciſe of the
fire the King, That the Marquis of Judge Advocate's Office in the Earl of
Mountroſe, (whom they call'd James Elex's Army. In this Conjuncture
Graham) might be forbidden to come into this Man arriv'd at the Hague, and
his Majeſty's Preſence, or Court, be- took his Lodging in a' Houſe where
cauſe he ſtood excommunicated by the Strangers uſed to repair, and were ac-
Kirk of Scotland, and degraded and for- . commodated till they provided other --
feited by the Judicatory of that Kingdom. wiſe for their better Accommodation.
This Carriage and Behaviour of thoſe Whilſt he was at Supper, the ſame
Lords appear’d ridiculous to all fober Evening that he came to the Town,
Men, that any Men ſhould have the in-Company of many others who uſed
Preſumption to accuſe thoſe who had to eat there, half a dozen Gentlemen
ſerv'd the King with that Fidelity, enter'd the Room with their Swords
and were only branded by thoſe re- drawn, and required thoſe who were
bellious Judicatories for having per at the Table, not toſtir; for that there.
form'd their Duties of Allegiance, and was no Harm intended to any but the.
to demand that the King himſelf ſhould Agent who came from the Rebels in Eng-
condemn them for having ſerv'd his land, who had newly murder'd their
Father; which made thoſe of his. Ma- King. And one of them, who knew.
jeſty's Council full of Indignation at Doriſlaus, pulled him from the Table,
their Infolence,
and killed him at his Feet : And.
In this unſteady and irreſolute Con- thereupon they all put up their Swords,
dition of the King's Council, it was and walked leiſurely out of the Houſe, -
very manifeſt, that how long foever leaving thoſe who were in the Room,
his Majeſty ſhould defer the Reſolution, in much Amazement and Confterna-
to-what Place he would remove; hetion. Though all who were engaged
Thould not be able to ſtay long in the. in the Enterprize, went quietly away,
Place where he was. The States, eſpe- and ſo out of the Town, inſomuch as
cially thoſe of Holland, left fall fome- no one of them was ever apprehended;
what every Day in their Counſels, and or called in queſtion, yet they kept
Conſultations, That the King's reſiding not their own Counſel ſo well (believ-
in the Hague would be very inconve- ing they had done a very heroick Act)
nicnt to them; and it was the great In- but that it was generally known they
tereſt of the Prince of Orange, not were all Scotish Men, and moſt of them
without much Dexterity, that kept the Servants, or Dependents upon the
States from ſending a Meſſage directly Marquis of Mountrofe.
to his Majeſty, to deſire him, That be The King was exceedingly troubled
would depart from that Country, as and perplexed with this Accident,
Soon as he could. And there happen'd' which he could not foreſee, and eaſily
an Accident at this Time, which made diſcern'd that it would be applied to
the Reſolution neceſſary, and would his Prejudice; and that the States could
inevitably have drawn on that Meffage, not but highly reſent it, in many
which had yet been kept back. Reſpects; that the Man who was kil-
An Envoy had been ſent from Lon- led, was in truth their own Subject,
don into Holland, to prepare the Way and imployed to them as a publick
for a farther good Intelligence, and. Miniſter, by thoſe with whom they
Negotiation, which might end in a had no mind to have any Quarrel.
firm Peace, and a ſeciprocal Alliance Upon all which his Majeſty concluded,
between the two Republicks. To that that his Preſence there would quickly
Purpoſe one Doriſaus, a Doctor in the appear more unacceptable than ever :
Beſides,
.
L
532
Tye Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Beſides, that there had been the ſame tirely and unanimouſly at his Majeſtyr's
Night fome Quarrels, and fighting, in Diſpoſal, to invite him to repair thither,
the Streets between fome Servants of and to take Poſeſſion of his Government
the King and fome Gentlemen of the there, where there was already an Army
Town; in which a Son of one of the preparing to aſſiſt him towards the Recor
States was dangerouſly hurt, though very of his other Dominions ; but that
he recover'd afterwards.
there was a Party of evil Counſellors
It cannot be denied but that the about his Majeſty, who diſſwaded him
States proceeded upon theſe Diſorders, from accepting that their Invitation, ex-
to which they had not been accu- cept they would be content to change the
ſtom'd, with great Gravity, and more Government of their Church, and to eſta-
than ordinary Reſpect to the King.bliſh Epiſcopacy there again. And by
They were highly offended with what theſe Inſinuations they perſwaded ma-
was paſt, and ſenſīble what Expoftula- ny of the States to believe, that the
tions, and Clamour for Juſtice they Defence of Biſhops, for whom they
muft expect, and ſuſtain from England, had no regard, was the ſole Difference
and what Reproaches they muſt under- between the King and them, which
go for ſuffering all thoſe who had been kept the King from going into
guilty of ſuch a Crime, to eſcape the Scotland : So that the King was not
Miniſters of Juſtice, which could not without fome Apprehenſion, that by
but be imputed to them, as a great that Miſtake and falſe Information,
Scandal to their Government : Yet the States might give him Advice to
they proceeded very ſlowly in their In- accept the Scots Invitation. And there-
quiſition, and with ſuch Formalities as fore he ſent to the States of Holland,
were uſual (and which could bring no That he had a Deſire to ſay somewhat to
Prejudice to the Offenders ; who were them, if they would aſſign him an Audi-
either gone out of their Dominions, or ence the next Day; which they readily
concealed themſelves in other Towns, did.
where the ſame Formalities were to be. The King was receiv'd in the ſame
uſed, if they were diſcover*d) and with- Manner he had been formerly, and
out ſo much Refection upon the King, being conducted into the Room of
as if they believd that the guilty Per.. Council, after a ſhort Compliment, he
ſons had any Relation to his Service : deliver'd a Paper to them, which he
Yet they took Notice of the Multitude deſired might be read, and that he
of Strangers which were in the Town, might receive their Advice thereupon
and how impoffible it would be for them as ſoon as they pleas?d. The Memorial
to preſerve the Peace and good Governo contain’d, in the firſt Place, his Ma-
ment thereof, if ſuch Reſort were not re- jeſty's Acknowledgment of the Civili-
ſtrain'd. They aggravated exceedingly ties he had received there, and his De-
ibe Indignity that had been offer'd to the fire, That by them the States General
State itſelf in the Attempt that bad (who were not at that Time aſſembled)
been made upon a Perſon under their might be inform’d of ſuch bis Majeſty's
Protection, and for whose Safety the senſe of their Kindneſs; eſpecially in the
publick Faith was, upon the matter, enfull and high Deteſtation they had 'ex-
gaged; with Inſinuation enough, Tbat preſs®d of the impious, and unparallelld
it would be fit for the King to remove Murder of his Royal Father of Bleſſed
from thence. Of all which his Majeſty Memory, their faſt unſhaken Ally, by
receiving Advertiſement, he thought which the Forms and Rules of all kind of
it better himſelf to give them Notice Government were no leſs violated and
of his Purpoſe to leave them, than to diſſolved, than that of. Monarchy: That
expect a plain Injunction from them to be came to inform them that he did in-
do ſo. He found this the more neceſ. tend in a boxt Time, so to diſpoſe of his
ſary to be done, ſince from the Time Perſon, as might with God's Bleſſing,
that the Scotiſh Commiſſioners were moſt probably advance his Affairs; and
come thither, they had taken great that for the better doing thereof, and
Pains to infuſe into the Opinions of that he might in so important an Affair
that People, That they were fent from receive their particular Advice, be
the Kingdom of Scoțland, that was en: ſhould impart to them the true State and
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 533
be
Condition of his ſeveral Dominions. That to the Advancement and Propagation of
rieēded not inform then of the deplord- the Proteſtant Religion, should be so
ble Condition of his Kingdom of England, heartily embraced by him, that the World
coberé i bë Hearts and Affeétions of his ſhould have Cauſe to believe him to be wors
loyal Subječts were ſo depreſſed, and kept thy of bis Title of Defender of the Faith,
städer by the Power énă Cruelty of thoſe which he valued as his greateſt Attribute.
atibo bad murder'd their late Sovereign, This being the true preſent. Condi-
and who evérj Dày gave freſh and bloody tion of his two Kingdoms of England
İnftances of thèir Tyranny, to fright and Scotland, and it being neceſſary
Meir fröns their Allegiance, that for the før
, his Majeſty to give Life to the af-
proſent hò Mait could believe that miſe- Hiétéd State of his Affairs by his own
räble Kingdom could be fit for his Maje- perſonal Activity and Vigour, he told
jiy totruſt bis Përfon in : That in Scot: thém; Îbère rémain's only, that be
land, it is very trie, that bis Majeſty ſhould impart to them the like State of his
15. proclaim'd King; but with ſuch Lis oiber. Kingdom of Ireland, which had
mitätiòns, and Reſtrictions againſt his likeçoiſe ſent to him, and deſir'd him to
Exerciſe of his Royal Power, that in repair, thither with great Importunity :
truths they had only given him the Name, That the Marquis of Ormond, bis Lieu-
and denied him the Authority : Thať tenants there, bad concluded a Peace with
above five Parts of six of the Nobility the Roman Catholicks; and that thereby
and chief Gentry of that Kingdom, wert bis Majeſty was entirely polej'd of three
likeróife excluded from their juſt Right, Parts of four of that his large and fruit-
and from any part in the Adminiſtra- ful Kingdom, and of the Command of
tion of the publick Affairs; ſo that good Aries, and of many good Ships to
ihat Kingdom ſeem'd not fufficiently
' pre- be joynd to his own Fleet; and that he
päréd for his Majeſty's Reception' ; - but had reaſon to hope and to believe that
that he hoped, and doubted not, that Dublin itſelf, and the few other Places,
there would be in a ſhort Time a perfect which had ſubmitted to the rebellious
Union, and right Underſtanding between Power in England, either already were,
all his Subjects of that his Kingdom, upon the Knowledge of. that odious Par-
and a due Submiſſion and Obedience from ricide, return'd to their Állegiance, or
them all to his Majeſty, for that he was would ſpeedily be reduced ; of which hệ
reſolv'd (and had never had the leaſt expected every Day to receive Advertiſe-
Purpoſe to the contrary) to preſerve ment; which if it ſnould fall out, yet be
and maintain the Government of Church forefaw many Objections might be made
and State in that Kingdom, as it is eſta- against his going thither, not only in re-
bliſhed by the Laws thereof, without gard of the Difficulty and Danger of his
any Violation or Alteration on bis Part: Pajage, but of the Jealouſies which
So that there could be no Difference be- would ariſe upon the large. Conceſſions.
tween him and his Subjects of that King- which were made unto the Roman Ca..
doń, except they should endeavour, and tholicks -of that Kingdom; which could
preſs bis Majeſty to alter the Laws and not be avoided. And having thus given
Government of his other Kingdoms ; them a clear Inforination of the State
shich as it would be very unſeafonble to of his three Kingdoms, his Majeſty
déſire, so it is not in his power to do if concluded withi his Deſire, That the
be ſhould conſent, and joyn with his Sub- States would give him their Advice a's
ješts of Scotland to that Purpoſe. And freely, to which of thesis he ſhould repair;
his Majeſty defir'd the States, That if and that they would give him all neceſſary
any Perſon's had endeavour'd to make any Aſiſtance that he might proſecute their
Impreſſions upon them, that he hath, or Counſel
.
ever had other. Intentions or Deſires, Many Men feat'd, that the King
with Reference to bis Subjects of Scot- would have brought great Prejudice to
land, than what himſelf now expreſsd himſelf by this Communication, and,
to them to bave, that they would give no upon the matter, obliged himſelf to
Credit to thent: And aſſured them, follow their Advice; which they ap-
that they ſhould always find him conſtant prehended would be contrary to his
to thofe Réſolutions, and eſpecially, ihat own Judgment. For nothing was more
all Ways and Means whith might lead commonly diſcourſed antong the Dutch,
6 T
and
154
534
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and by many of the States themſelves, all the Means he had to draw him in)
than That the King ought, without De- ſince he preſumed thé Scots and he
lay, to throw himſelf into the Arms of would mortify each other, during the
Scotland, and to gratify them in all Time that he ſhould ſpend in making
they defir'd: That Biſhops were not himſelf ſtrong enough to ſuppreſs them
worth the contending for ; and that the both : For the Scots who would not
ſupporting them, bad been the Ruin of bis joyn with the Marquis, were very vi-
Feiber, and would be his, if he continued gorous in proſecuting the War againſt
in the fame Obſtinacy. But the King O Neile, and the Iriſh of Ulſter. Theſe
had Reaſon to believe that they would Diviſions, Factions, and Confuſions in
not ſo much concern themſelves in his Ireland, made the King the more fol-
broken Affairs, as to give him Advice licitous that his Council ſhould be una-
what to do: And it was neceſſary for nimous for his going thither, at leaſt
him to get a little more Time, upon that the Scots, how virulent foever
ſome Occurrences which would every againſt each other, ſhould all concur
Diy happen, before he took a poſitive in their Advice, That it was not yet
Reſolution which way to ſteer : For Seaſonable for bim to go for Scotland;
though, in his own Opinion, Ireland which made him labour ſo much to
was the Place to which he was to re- bring the Hamiltonians, and thoſe who
pair, yet he knew that notwithſtanding follow'd Mouniroſe, whom he believ'd
the Peace that was made, there were both to be of that Opinion, to meet
ſeveral Parcies ſtill in Arms there, be- together, and to own it jointly to the
fides thoſe who adher'd to the Parlia- King in Council.
ment, who refuſed to ſubmit to that When the King found, that it was
Peace. Though the general Council not poſſible to bring the Lords of the
at Kilkenny (which had been always Scotiſh Nation together to confer upon
look'd upon as the Repreſentative of the. Afairs of that Kingdom, he
the Confederate Catholicks of that thought to have drawn them ſeverally,
Kingdom, and to which they had al- that is, thoſe of the Engagement by.
ways ſubmitted) had fully conſented themſelves, and the Marquis of Moun-
to the Treaty of Peace with the Lord trole with his Friends by themſelves,
Lieutenant, yet Owen O Neile, who to have given him their Advice in the
had the Command of all the Iriſh in Preſence of his Council, that ſo, upon
Ulter, and who was look'd upon as the the Debate thereof between them, his
beſt General they had, totally refuſed Majeſty might the more maturely have,
to ſubmit to it, and poſitively proteſted determin'd what he was to do. The
againſt it, as not having provided for Marquis of Mountroſe expreſs'd a great,
their Intereſt; and that Council'was not Willingneſs to give his Majeſty Satis-
ſorry for his Separation, there being little faction, this, or any other Way.; be-
leſs Animoſity between thoſe of Ulſter ing willing to deliver his Opinion con-
and the other Iriſh, than was between cerning Things, or Perſons, before
them both and the Engliſh: And they any Body, and in any Place. But the
knew that 0 Neile more inſiſted upon Lords of the Engagement poſitively re-
Recompence in Lands and Preferments, fuſed to deliver their opinion, but to
than upon any Proviſion that concern'd the King himſelf, and not in the Pre-
Religion itſelf. Then the Scots in Ul- fence of his Council; which, they ſaid,
ſter, who were very numerous, and would be to confeſs a kind of Subordina-
under good Diſcipline, and well pro- 'tion of the Kingdom of Scotland, which
vided with Arms and Ammunition, was independent on the Council of Eng-
would not ſubmit to the Commands of land ; and Dukę Hamilton cold the
the Lord Lieutenant; but were reſolv'd Counſellor, with whom he had before
to follow the Example of their Coun-, ſo freely converſed, and who expoftu-
try-men, and to ſee the King admitted lated with him upon it, That it was
and receiv'd, as well as proclaim’d, the only Ground of the heavy Judgment
before they would ſubmit to his Autho- in Parliament againſt the Earl of Tra-
rity: Which made the Marquis of quair, that, having been the King's
Ormond the leſs troubled at the Obſti- Commiſioner in Scotland, he gave Aca
nacy of Q Neile (though he had uſed count to the King of Tranſaktions; and
1
6
of
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
535
of the Affairs of that Kingdom, at the the Counſellors were choſen without
Council-Table in England; whereof be her Directions, and looked upon all
was likewiſe a Member; ſo jealous that that had been done, as done in order
Kingdom was, and ſtill is, of their to exclude her from meddling in the
native Privileges ; and therefore de- Affairs.
· fired, That he might not be preſſed to do That the Queen might receive fome
what had been so penal to another in his Content, in knowing that the King
own Sight.
had begun his Journey, the Prince of
The King ſatisfied himſelf with hav- Orange deſir'd him, Wbilt bis Ser-
ing all their Opinions deliver'd to him- vants prepar'd what was neceſſary at
ſelf, ſubſcribed under all their Hands, the Hague, that himſelf, and that part
which every one conſented to; though of his Train that was ready, would go to
Inoſt of them would have been glad Breda, and ſtay there till the rest were
that the King would have gone into ready to come up to him; that being his
Scotland, upon what Condeſcenficns beſt Way to Flanders, through which he
foever ; becauſe they all believ'd his muſt paſs into France. Breda was a
Preſence would eaſily turn all, and Town of the Prince's own, where he
that they ſhould be quickly reſtored to had a handſome Palace and Caſtle,
their Eftates, which they cared moſt' and, a Place where the King might
for: Yet no body preſumed to give have many Divertiſements. Hither
that Advice, or teem'd to think it ſea- the Spaniſh Embaſſador le Brune, came
fonable. So that the King reſumed to attend his Majeſty, and deliver'd
the former Debate of going directly his Maſter's Compliments to his Ma-
for Ireland, and Direction was given jeſty, and offer'd his own Services to
for providing Ships, and all other him, whilſt he ſhould remain in thoſe
Things neceſſary for that Voyage. Provinces
There remainid only one Doubt, whe The King was receiv*d at Antwerp
ther his Majeſty ſhould take France in with great Magnificence: He enter'd
his Way, that he might ſee his .Mo- in a very rich Coach with ſix Horſes,
ther, who by Letters and Mefiages which the Arch-Duke fent a Preſent to
preſſed him very earneſtly fo to do; him when he came into the Spaniſh:
or whether he ſhould embark in Hol. Dominions: He was treated there, at
land directly for Ireland; which would the Charge of the City, very* fplen-
be leſs Loſs of Time, and might be didly for two Days: And went then
done early in the Spring, before the to Bruſſels, where he was lodged in the
Parliament's Fleet ſhould put out to Palace, and Royally entertain'd. And
Sea:
his Majeſty ſtay'd here three or four'
But the. Letters which the Lord Days, not being able ſuddenly to re-
Jermyn brought, and the Importunity folve which way he ſhould paſs into '
he uſed, made the King begin his France. But he was not troubled long
Journey ſooner than he thought to have' with that Doubt ; for the French.
done, that is, ſooner than he thought thought to have ſurprized that Town,
he ſhould have been able, all Provi. . and to have caft up their Line of Cir-
fions being to begin to be made both cumvallation before any Supplies could
for his Journey into France, and from be put in ;- but the Conde Fuenſaldagna
thence into Ireland, after the Money found a way to put ſeven or eight
was receiv’d that ſhould pay for them. hundred Foot into the Town ; upon
But the Queen's Impatience was ſo great which the French raiſed the Siege:
to ſee his Majeſty, that the Prince of And ſo the King made his Journey by
Orange, and the Princeſs Royal his the uſual Way; and, near Valencien-
Wife, were as impatient to give her nes, had an Interview with the Archa:
that Satisfaction. Though her Majeſty Duke; and, after ſome ſhort Ceremo-
could not juſtly diſlike any Reſolution nies, continued on his Journey, and
the King had taken, or could imagine lodged at Cambray ; where he was
whither he ſhould go but into Ireland, likewiſe treated by the Conde de Gara
he was exceedingly diſpleas'd that any cies, who was Governor there, and a
Reſolution at all had been taken before very civil Gencleman. From thence
The was conſulted. She was angry that his Majeſty went to St. Germains,
where
536
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
where he met the Queen his Mother. ill; and he had never ſeen the Prince
After the firſt two or three Days that from the Time he left Oxford till now.
the King and Queen had been together, He was à bold Man, and ſpoke all
which were ſpent in Tears and La. Things confidently; and had not that
inentations for the great Alteration Reverence for the late King which he
that had happen'd ſince their laſt part- ought to have had ; and leſs for the
ing, the Queen begun to confer with Queen; though he had great Obliga-
the King of his Buſineſs, and what tions to both; yet, being not ſo great
Courſe he meant to take; in which ſne as he had a mind tó, he look'd upon
found him ſo reſery'd, as if he had no them as none at all. This Gentleman
mind, ſhe ſhould be converſant in it.
came to the King juſt as he left the
He made no Apologies to her; which Hague, and both as he was a new
the expected ; nor any Profeſſions of Comer, and as one from whom his
reſigning himſelf up to her Advice. Majeſty had formerly much Kindneſs,
On the contrary, upon ſome Expoftu- was very well receiv'd; and being one
lations, he had told her plainly, That who would receive no Injury from his
he would always perform his Duty to- Modeſty, made the Favour the: King
wards her with great Affe€tion and Ex- ſhew'd him as bright, and to ſhine as
aftneſs, but that in his Bitfineſs be would much in the Eyes of all Men as was
oley his ow! Reaſon and Judginent; and poſfible. He was never from the Perſon
did as good as deſire her not to trou- of the King, and always whiſpering in
ble herſelf in his Affairs : And finding his Ear, taking upon him to underſtand
her Paſſions ſtrong, he frequently re the Senſe-and Opinion of all the. Loyal
tired from her with ſome Abruptneſs, Party in England :' And when he had
and ſeem'd not to deſire to be ſo much a mind that the King ſhould think well,
in her Company as the expected ; and or ill of any :Man, he told him; That
preſcrib'd ſome new Rules to be ob- he was much belov’d by, or very. odious
ferv'd in his own Retirement, which to all bis Pärty there. By thefë Infum
he had 'not been accuſtom'd to, fiors, he had prevailed with him to
This kind of unexpected Behaviour, look with leſs Grace upon the Earl of
gave the Queen much Trouble. She Briſtol, who came from Caen (where he
begun to think, that this Diſtance, had hitherto reſided) to kiſs his Hands;
which the King ſeem'd; to affect, was than his own good Nature would have
more than the Chancellor of the Ex- inclined him to: And: more to dif-
chequer could wiſh; and that there was countenance the Lord Digby, and
fome body elle, who did her more, tell him plainly, Tbat he ſhould not
differvice : Inſomuch as to the Ladies Serve him in the Place of Secretary of
who were about her, whereof ſome State ; in' which he had ſerv'd his Fa-
were very much his Friends, ſhe ſeem'd ther, and from which Men have fel-
to wiſh, that the Chancellor were dom been rernoy'd upon the Deſcent
There was a Gentleman who of the Crownſ and not to admit either.
was newly come from England, and Father or Son to be of his Council
who came to the Hague after the Chan- which was more extraordinary. He
cellor had taken his Leave of the King, told the King, It would be the moſt un-
and had been ever ſince very cloſe popular Thing he could do, and which
about him, being one of the Grooms would loſe him more Hearts in England
of his Bed-Chamber, one Mr. Thomas than any other Thing, if he were thought
Elliot, whom the King's Father had to be governºd-by. bis Mother. And in
formerly ſent into France, at the ſame a Month's Time that he had been
Time that he reſolv'd the Prince ſhould about the King, he begun already to
go for the Weſt; and for no other be look’d upon as very like to become
Reaſon, but that he ſhould not attend the Favourite.
upon his Son. And he had given Or Whilft all Endeavours were uſed to
der, That if be hould return out of compoſe all ill Humours here, that
France, and come into the Weft, the the King might proſecute his intended
Council Mould not ſuffer him to be about Voyage
for Ireland, there came very
the Prince ; with whom he thought be ill. News from Ireland. As ſoon as the
had too such Credit, and would uſe it Marquis of Ormond' was arriv'd, the
Con-
to
come,
I
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. · 537
Confederate Catholicks, who held ſhould be at the Diſpoſal of the Lord
their Aliembly at Kilkenny, ſent Com- Lieutenant, and to march as he ſhould
miſſioners to him to congratulate his appoint. The Treaty had been drawn
Arrival, and to enter upon a Treaty of out into the more Length, in hope to
Peace, that they might all return to have brought the whole Nation to the
their Obedience to the King. But the ſame Agreement. And the general
Inconſtancy of that Nation was ſuch, Aſſembly, to which they all pretended
that, notwithſtanding their Experience to ſubmit, and from which all had re-
of the Ruin they had brought upon ceivd their Commiſſions, as hatly been
themſelves by their falling from their faid, ſent to Owen 0 Neile, who re-
former Peace, and notwithſtanding main’d in Ulfter with his Army, and
that themſelves had ſent to Paris to came not himſelf to Kilkenny, as he
importune the Queen and the Prince had promis’d to have done, upon Pre-
to ſend the Marquis of Ormond back to tence of his Indiſpoſition of Health.
them, with all Promiſes and Proteſta. He profeſs’d, to ſubmit to whatſoever
tions that they would not infiſt upon the general Aſembly fould determine :
any unreaſonable Conceſſions; now he but when they ſent the Articles to
was come upon their Invitation to them, which they had agreed, to be ſign’d
they made new Demands in point of by him, he took ſeveral Exceptions,
Religion, and infifted upon other eſpecially in Matters of Religion ;
Things, which if he ſhould conſent to, which he thought was not enough pro-
would have irréconciled all the Eng-' vided for ; and in the end, poſitively
lill, who were under the Lord Inchi- declar'd, that he would not fubmit, or
chiquin, upon whom his principal Còn- be bound by them':, And at the ſame
fidence was placed : By this Means fo Time he ſent to the Marquis of Or-
much Time was ſpent, that the Win- mond, That he would treat with him
ter paſſed without any Agreement ; apart, and not concern bimſelf in what
whereby they might have advanc'd the Aſembly reſolv'd upon.
againſt the Parliament Forces, which There was nothing of Religion in
were then weak, and in want of all this Contention; which proceeded from
manner of Supplies, whilſt the Di- the Animoſity between the two Gene-
ſtractions continu'd in England between rals, O Neile. and Preſton, ard the
the Parliament and the Army, the Di- bitter Faction between the old Iriſh
viſions in the Army, and the Proſecu- and the other, who were as much
tion of the King; during which the hated by the old, as the Engliſh were;
Governors there had Work enough to and laſtly, from the Ambition of
look to themſelves ; -and left Ireland O Neile ; who expected ſome Conceſ-
to provide for itſelf: And if that un- fions to be made to him in his own
fortunate People would have made uſe Particular, which would very much
of the Advantages that were offer'd, have offended and incenſed the other
that Kingdom might indeed have been Party, if they had been granted to
entirely reduced to the King's Obedie him : So the Aſſembly was well pleaſed,
ence.
to leave him out, and concluded the
That the Lord Lieutenant might Peace without him.
even compel them to preſerve them Hereupon the Lord Lieutenant uſed
felves, he went himſelf to Kilkenny, all poſſible Endeavours that the Army
where the Council fate, about Chriſt- might be form'd, and ready to march
mas, after three Months had been in the Beginning of the Spring. And
ſpent from his Arrival, that no more though there was not an Appearance
Time might be loſt in their Commif- anſwerable to their Promiſe, yet their
ſioners coming and going, and that Troops feem'd ſo good, and were ſo
the Spring might not be loſt as well numerous, that he thought fit to march
as the winter. And at laſt a Peace towards Dublin ; and, in the Way, to
was made and concluded; by which, take all Caſtles and Garriſons, which
againſt ſuch a Day, the Confederate were pofſefs'd by the Parliament in
Catholicks oblig'd themſelves, To bring which they had very good Succeſs.
into the Field a Body of Horſe and Foot, For many of the Parliament Soldiers
with all Proviſions for the Field, which having ſerv'd the King, they took the
155
6 U
first
538
Tlse Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
1
firſt Opportunity; upon the Marquis a Condition to look out of their own
of Orricid's Approach within any Di- Walls. But he was not gone above
ſtance, to corne to him; and by that two Days, when the Wind coming
Means fiveral Perſons ſurtender'd like. fair, the Ships expected, came into the
wiſe to him. Colonel Monk, who had Port of Dublin ; and landed a greater
formerly ſery'd the King, and remain’d Number of Soldiers, eſpecially of
for the space of three of four Years, Horſe, than was reported ; and
Priſoner in the Tower, had been at laſt brought the News that Cromwell him-
prevailed with by the Lord Lille to ſelf was made Lieutenant of Ireland,
terve the Parliament againſt the Iriſh; and intended to be ſhortly there with
pleaſing liimſelf with an Opinion that a very great Supply of Horſe and Foor.
he did not thereby ferve againſt the This Fleet that was already come, had
King. He was at this Time Governor brought Arms, and Clothes, and Mo-
of Drındalk, a Garrifoit about thirty ney, and Victuals; which much exalt-
Miles from Dublin; which was no ed the Garriſon and the City ; which
ſooner ſuinion'd (Tredagh, and thoſe preſently turn'd out of the Town fome
at a néarer Diſtance being taken) bit of thoſe who were ſuſpected to wiſh
he was compellid by his own Soldier's well to tlie Marquis : of Ormond, and
to deliver it, and if the Oficer who impriſon'd. others. The ſecond". Day
commanded the Pàrty which fummond after the - Arrival of the Succours,
him;. had not been his Friend, and Jones, - who had been a Lawyer, and
thereby hoped to have reduced him to was then Governor of Dublin, at Noon
třit King's Service, his Soldiers would day, march’d-out of the City, with a
have thrown him over the Walls, and Body of three thouſand Foot, and
made their own Conditions afterwards; three or four Troops: of Horſe, and
and moſt of that Gátrifon becook them fell upon that Quarter which was next
felves to the King's Service:
the Town ; where they found ſo little
Upon all theſe Encouragements, be- Reſiſtance, that they adventur'd upon
fore the Troops were come up to make the next and in ſhort fo diſorderd
the Army as numerous as it might have the whole Army, that the Lord Lieu-
beeil, tlie Marquis was perſwaded to tenant after he had, in the Head of
Blöck up Dublin at a very little Di fome Officers whom he drew together,
ſtance; having good reaſon to hope, charg'd the Enemy, with the. Loſs
from the ſmallneſs of the Garriſon, of many of thoſe who follow'd him,
and a Party of well affected People was at-laft-compellid to-draw. off the
within tlie Town; that it would in a whole Army, which was ſo diſcom-
ſhort Tinre have been given up to him. fited, that he did not think fit to re-
In the mean Time, he uſed all the turn them again to their Poſt, till
-Means he could to haſten the Iriſh both the Troops which he had were
Troops, ſome whereof were upon their refreſh'd; - and compoſed, and their
March, and others not yet raiſed, to Numbers 'encreaſed by the Levies
come 'up to the Army. By all their which ought to have been made be-
Letters from London (with which, by fore, and which were now in a good
the Way of Dublin, and the Ports of Forwardneſs.
Munſter, there was good Intelligence) It may be remember'dy that the ge-
they underſtood, that there were fif neral. Inſurrections in the laft. Year,
ceeri liundred, of 'two thouſand Men the Revolt of the Navy, and the Inva-
Tipp'd for Ireland: And the Wind fion of the Scots, encouraged and
having been for fornte Time againſt drawn -in by the Preſbyterian Party,
their coming for Dublin, there was an had ſo diſturbid and obſtructed the
Apprehenſion that they might be gone Councils both in the Parliament, and
for Munſter: Whereupon the Lord in the Army, that nothing had been
Inchiquin, who was not confident of done in all thar Year towards the Re-
all his Gátrifons there, very unhappily lief of Ireland, except the fending over
departed with. Some Troops of Horſe the Lord Lifle as Lieutenant, with a
to look after his Province; there being Commiſſion that was determin’d at the
thén no Cauſe to apprehend any Sally, End of ſo many Months, and which
out of Dublin, where they were not in had given ſo little Relief to the Eng-
liſh,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
539
<
to
"
liſh, that it only diſcover'd more their there appear'd no other Obſtructions
Weakneſs, and Animoſity towards in the Relief of Ireland (which was.eu
each other, than obftructed the Iriſh very Day loudly call’d for) than the
in making their Progreſs in all the determining who ſhould take thác
Parts of the Kingdom ; and the more Charge, ſome of his Friends, who
confirm'd the Lord Inchiquin , were always ready upon ſuch Occa-
purſue his Reſolutions of ſerving the lions, on a ſudden propos'd Cromwell
King, and receiving the Marquis of himſelf the Lieutenant General, to
Ormond, how meanly foever attended, conduct that Expédition.
and to unite with the Iriſh; the per Cromwell himſelf was always abfent
fecting of which Conjunction, with ſo when ſuch Overtures were to be made;
general a Succeſs, brought ſo great and whoever had proposid Lambert,
Reproach upon the Parliament, with Re- had propoș'd it as a Thing moſt agree-
ference to the Loſs of Ireland, that the able to Cromwell's Deſire; and there-
Noiſe thereof was very great: So that fore when they heard Cromwell himſelf
Cromwell thought it high Time, in his propoſed for the Service, and by thoſe
own Perſonz: to: appear upon a Stage who they were ſure intended him no
of fo great Action. There had been Affront, they immediately acquiefced
always Men enough to be ſpar'd out of in the Propoſition, and look'd upon
the Army to have been fent upon that the Change as a good Expedient : on
Expeditions. when the other Difficul. the other side, the Preſbyterian Party
ties were at higheft; but the conduct was no leſs affected, and concluded
ing it then was of that Importance, that it was only a Trick to defer the
that it was, upon the Matter, to de- Service, and that he never did intend
termine which Power ſhould be fupe- to go thither in Perfori; or that if the
rinr, the Preſbyterian or the Indepen- did, his Abſence from England would
dent. · And therefore the one had ſet give them all the Advantages they.
up and defign'd Waller
, for that Com- could wiſh, and that they ſhould then
mand; and Cromwell, againſt him and recover entirely their General Fairfax
that Party, had infifted, that it ſhould to their Party, who was already much
be given to Lambert, the ſecond Man broken in Spirit upon the Concurrence
of the Army, who was known to have he had been drawn to, and declard
as great a Deteſtation of the Preſbyte- fome Bitterneſs againſt the Perſons who
rian Power, as he had of the Preroga- had led him to it. And fo in a Mó.
tive of the Crown: And the Conteſts ment both Parties were agreed, and
between the two Factions, which of Oliver Cronwell elected and declara
theſe ſhould be ſent, had ſpent a great to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, with
Part of the laſt Year, and of their as ample and independent a Commiſ-
Winter Counſels. But now, when all fion, as could be prepared:
the Domeftick Differences were com Cromwell, how little ſurprized foe-
pos'd by their Succeſſes in the Field, ver with this Deſignation, appeard the
and the bloody Proſecution of their next Day in the Houſe full of Confuz-
civil Counſels, fo that there could be lion, and Irreſolution; which the na-
little done to the Diſturbance of the tural Temper, and Compoſure of 'his
Peace of England, and when Waller's Underſtanding could hardly avoid,
Friends were ſoſuppreſs'à, that he was no when he leaſt delirid it; and therefore,
more thought of, Cromwell began to when it was now to his „Purpoſe, he
think thecommitting the wholeGoverncould act it to the life. And after
ment of Ireland, with ſuch an Army much Heſitation, and many Expreſſions
as was neceffary to be ſent thither, was of his own Unworthineſs, and Diſability
too great a Truft:even for his beloved to support sogreat a Charge, and of the
Lambert himſelf, and was to leſſen his entire Reſignation of himſelf to their
own Power and Authority, both in the Commands, and abſolute Dependence upon
Army which was commanded by Fair- God's Providence and Blelſing, from
fax, and in.the other, that, being in whoir be bad receiv'd many Inſtances of
Ireland, would, upon any Occaſion, his. Favour, 'ke ſubmitted to their goga
have great Influence upon the Affairs Will and Pleaſure; and deſir’d them,
of England. And therefore, whilſt That no more Time might be loſt in the
Prepa-
540
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
)
Preparations which were to be made for that Sally which is mention'd before ;
so great a Work; for he did confeſs that and had that Succeſs which is men-
Kingdom to be reduced to so great tion'd.
Streights, that be was willing to engage The Marquis of Ormond, at that
bis own. Perſon in this Expedition, för Time, drew off his whole Army from
the Difficulties which appear'd in it; Dublin to Tredagh, where he meint to
and more out of Hope, with the Hazard remain till he could put it into ſuch a
of his Life, to give ſome Obſtructions to Poſture, that he might proſecute his
the Succceſſes which the Rebels were at farther Deſign. And a full Account
preſent exalted with (for fo he callid of all theſe Particulars mer Cromwell ac
the Marquis of Ormond, and all who his Arrival at Milford Haven, when he
joyn’d with him) that fo the Common- rather expected to hear of the Loſs of
Wealth might retain ſtill ſome Footing in Dublin, and was in great Perplexity
that Kingdom, till. they might be able to to reſolve what he was then to do.
Send freſh Supplies, than out of any Ex- But all thoſe Clouds being diſperſed,
peEtation, that, with the Strength be upon the News of the great Succeſs his
carried, he should be able, in any ſignal Party had that he had ſent before, he
Degree, to prevail over them.
deferr'd not to embark his whole Ar-
It was an incredible Expedition that my, and, with a very proſperous
he uſed from this. Minute after his af- Wind, arriv'd at Dublin within two or
ſuming that Charge, in the raiſing of three Days after the Marquis of Ormoid
.Money, providing of Shipping, and had retired froni thence; where he
drawing of Forces together, for this was receiv'd with wonderful Acclama-
Enterprize. Before he could be ready 'tion ; which did not retard him from
himſelf to march, he ſent three chou- purſuing his active Reſolutions, to im-
ſand Foot and Horſe to Milford Haverí, prove thoſe Advantages had already
to be tranſported, as ſoon as they ar befallen him. And the Marquis of
rivd there, to Dublin; all Things be- Ormond was no ſooner advertiſed of
ing ready there for their Tranſporta- his Arrival, than he concluded to
tion; which Troops, by the contrary change his former Reſolution, and to
Winds, were conſtrain’d to remain draw his Army to a greater Diſtance,
there for many Days. And that cauſed till thoſe Parties which were marching
the Report in Ireland, by the Intelli- towards him from the ſeveral Quarters
gence from London, that Cromwell in- of the Kingdom, might come up to
tended to make a Deſcent in Munfter; him; and in the niean while to put
which unhappily divided the Lord In- "Tredagh into ſo good a Poſture, as
chiquin, and a good Body of his Men might entertain the Enemy, till he
from the Lord Lieutenant, as hath might be able to relieve them. And
been ſaid, when he march'd towards ſo he put into that Place, which was
Dublin. Nor did the Marquis of Or- looked upon, beſides the Strength of
mond in truth at that Time intend to the Situation, to be in a good Degree
have march'd thither with that Expe- fortified, the Flower of the Army,
dition, untill his Army ſhould be both of Soldiers and Officers, moſt of
grown more numerous, and more ac them Engliſh, to the Nurnber of three
cuſtomed to Diſcipline; but the won- thouſand Foot, and two or three good
derful Succeſſes of thoſe Troops which Troops of Horſe, provided with all
were ſent before, in the taking of Things; and committed the Charge
Trim, Dundalk, and all the out Garri. and Command thereof to Sir Arthur
fons, and the Invitation and Intelli- Aſton, who hath been often mention'd
gence he had from within Dublin, before, and was an Officer of great
made him unwilling to loſe any more Name and Experience, and who at
Time, ſince he was ſure that the Çrof- that Time made little doubt of defend-
neſs of the Wind only hinder'd the ing it againſt all the Power of Crom-
Arrival of thoſe Supplies, which were well, for at leaſt a Month's Time.
deſign'd thither out of England: And And the Marquis of Ormond made leſs
the Arrival of thoſe Supplies, the very doubt, in much leſs Time to relieve
Day before his coming before Dublin, and fuccour it with his Army; and ſo
enabled the Governor thereof to make retired to thoſe Parts where he had ap-
3
pointed
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
541
pointed a Rendezvous for his new Le- would not remain fo great as it had been
vies.
formerly: And though this Demand
This News coming to St. Germain's, appear'd ſo unjuſt, and unreaſonable,
broke all their Meaſures, at leaſt as to that the Council could not admit it,
the Expedition : The Reſolution con yet he did prevail with the King in
tinued for Ireland; but it was thought private, to give him ſuch a Note under
fit that they ſhould expect another Ac- his Hand, as enabled him to receive a
count from thence, before the King good Sum of Money, after the Return
begun his Journey; nor did it ſeem of his Majeſty into England, upon that
counſellable that his Majeſty ſnould conſideration. This Reſolution being
venture to Sea whilſt the Parliament taken for Jerſey, the King ſent to the
Fleet commanded the Ocean, and Prince of Orange, That be would cauſe
were then about the Coaſt of Ireland; two Ships of War to ride in the Road
but that he fhould expect the Autumn, before St, Maloes (which they might
when the Seaſon of the Year would do without Notice) and that he might
call home, or diſperſe the Ships. But have a Warrant remain in his Hands,
where to ſtay ſo long was the Queſtion; by which the Ships might attend bis Ma-
for it was now the Month of Auguſt, jeſty, when he would require them ;
and as the King had receiv'd nọ kind which they might do in very few
of Civility from France, ſince his laſt . Hours; and in theſe he meant to tranſ-
coming, ſo it was notorious enough port himſelf, as ſoon as it Chould be
that his Abſence was impatiently deſir'd ſeaſonable, into Ireland. Theſe Ships
by that Court;. and the Queen, who did wait his Pleaſure there accordingly.
found herſelf diſappointed of that Do. France had too good an Excuſe at
minion which ſhe had expected, re this Time for not giving the King any
ſolvid to merit from the Cardinal, by Aſſiſtance in Money, which he might
freeing him from a Gueſt that was ſo expect, and did abundantly want, by
unwelcome to them, though he had the ill Condition their own Affairs
not been in any degree chargeable to were in. Though the Sedition which
chem; and ſo was not at all ſollicitous had been raiſed' in Paris the laſt Win-
for his longer Stay. So his Majeſty ter, was at preſent ſo much appeaſed
conſider'd how he ſhould make his De by the Courage, and Conduct of the
párture ; and, upon looking round, Prince of Condè (who brought the Ar-
he reſolv'd, that he would make his my which he commanded in Flanders,
Journey through Normandy, and em with ſo great Expedition before Paris,
bark himſelf for his Inand of Jerſey; that the City yielded to Reaſon) ſo that
which ſtill continued under his Obedi- his moſt Chriſtian Majeſty, the Queen
ence, and under the Government of his Mother, and the whole Court,
Sir George Carteret, who had in truth were at this. preſent there ; yet the.
the Power over the Place, though he Wound was far from being cloſed up.
was but the Lieutenant of the Lord The Town continued ſtill in ill Hu.
Jermyn; who, in thoſe Streights the mour; more of the great Men adherd
King was in, and the great Plenty he to them than had done before; the
himſelf enjoyed, was wonderfully jea. Animoſities againſt the Cardinal in-
lous that the King's being there would creaſed, and, which made thoſe Ani.
lefſen ſome of the Profit, which he moſities the more terrible, the Prince
challenged from thence; and there. of Condè, who ſurely had merited very
fore, when it was found, in order to much, either unſatisfied, or not to be
the King's Support, whilſt he ſhould ſatisfied, broke his Friend Ihip with the
ſtay there, neceſſary to ſell ſome of the Cardinal, and ſpoke with much Bitter-
King's Demeſnes in that Iand, the neſs againſt him : So that the Couro
yearly Rent whereof uſed to be re was far from being in that Tranquility,
ceiv'd by that Lord towards the Dif- as to concern itſelf much for King
charge of the Garriſon there, he inſiſt. Charles, if it had been otherwiſe well
ed, with all poſſible Importunity, That inclined to it.
Some of the Money which ſhould be raiſed All Things ſtanding thus, about the
upon that Sale, jould be paid to him, middle of September, the King left St..
becauſe his Receipt, for the Time to come, Germain's, and begun his Journey to.
157
6 X
wards
1
542
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
wards Jerſey; and the Queen, the next in Oppoſition to the Commonwealth of
Day, renov'd from thence to Paris to England ; the Commonwealth knowing
the Louvre.
bow to right themſelves in caſe of ſuch
Now whilſt the King was at Jerſey, Diſcourteſy.
Prince Rupert came upon the Coaſt of This imperious Style ſo wrought up-
Spain with the Fleet he had brought on the Spaniard, that the Ambaſſadors
from Ireland, and ſent a Letter on ſhore could procure no Satisfaction for the
directed to the Chancellor of the Ex- Affair of Carthagena, whilſt the Parlia-
chequer, who with the Lord Cottington ment Fleet was ſhewn all Marks of
were there Ambaſſadors from King Efteem, the King himſelf ſending the
Charles, which the Officer of the Place Commander a Ring of 1500 l. Value.
took care was deliver'd to him: The In this Triumph he fail'd from thence,
Letter contained in Subſtance, That be denouncing War againſt Portugal, if
had brought away all the Fleet from Prince Rupert's Fleet was not directly
Ireland, and that having received Af- deliver'd up to him.
ſurances from Portugal, that be should The Portugueſe did not know what
'be welcome there, be was reſolved to go to do in this Dilemma; they had aſ-
for Liſbon ; and deſired him to procure ſured. Prince Rupert of their Prote-
Orders from the Court, that he might ction; and they were as unwilling to
find a good Reception in all the Ports of offend the Commonwealth, knowing
Spain_his Occaſions brought him to: that a valuable Branch of their Trade
The Emballadors immediately ſent for depended on the Engliſh: However
an Audience to Don Lewis de Haro, after maturely weighing the Thing in
who received them with open Arms, Council, it was agreed that Prince Ru-
and a kinder Countenance than he had port ſhould depart, being firſt ſupplied
done before. A Fleet of the King of with whatever he wanted, and faith-
England's on the Coaſt of Spain, und fully aſſured, that the Parliament Fleet
der the Command of a Prince of the ſhould not follow him in two Tides ;
Blood, at a Time when they expected which he accordingly did, and there-
the Galcons, put them in fuch a Ter: by got clear of his Adverſary. This
ror, that all the Embaffadors aſk'd Diſappointment ſo irritated the Com-
was granted, and Orders immediately monwealth, that they immediately pro-
diſpatch'd to all the Sea-ports to uſe claimed War againſt Portugal; and the
the Engliſh Fleet witḥ the utmoſt Civi: Portugueſe. afterwards made it.up with
lity, and ſupply them with Proviſions; Cromwell upon very hard Conditions.
ſo that the Ambaffadors could not but Before the Marquis of Ormond could
be ſurpriz'd at this unexpected Turn draw his Army together, Cromwell had
of Behaviour.
beſieged Tredagb; and making an At+
But this Kindneſs was ſoon over, for tack was beat off by the Garriſon; but
four or five Ships of the Prince's Squa: making another Affualt next Day, the
dron being driven on the Rocks at Car- Soldiers, upon a general Offer of Quar-
thagena, the People of the Country ter, threw down their Arms; ſo that
made Seizure both of Ships and Men's the Enemy enter'd without Reſiſtance,
which obliged our Ambaſſadors to and put every one, Governor, Officer,
make Remonſtrances of this Injury to and Soldier, to the Sword ; nay, ſo
the Court of Spain, deſiring that borki inhuman 'were they as to take People
might be releaſed; which with much out of Places they had concealed them-
difficulty at laſt was order'd to be done. felves in four or five Days after this
But as this Order was but faintly Action, and murder'd them in cool
given, fo.it was more ſlowly executed, Blood.
and a very ſtrong Fleet appearing on · Cromwell making himſelf terrible by
the Coaſt of St. Andero, in behalf of this Barbarity, march'd into. Munſter
.
the Parliament, the Spaniards were a-: againſt the Lord Inchiquin: Here he
gain alarm’d. The Commander of this muſt inevicably have itary'd had not
Fleet wrote a Letter to the King of the Garriſon of Cork baſely ſurrender'd
Spain, wherein he required him not to that. City into his Hands, by which,
give Protetion to Prince Rupert's Squant and the Terror the Inhabitants receiv'd
dron, or any other Perſon that ſhould be at the Action at Tredagh, the whole
Province
1
1
.
t
.
1,
1
|
1

TOIMISTO
w
MATE
Hulett Saulo
Cromwell taking
Tredagh
by Storm
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
543
1
Province of Munſter fell into his Hands. think better of Scotland : And ſo, ac.
The News of this made the King en: cording to the Advice he had receiv'd,
tirely give over all Thoughts of going he return’d an Anſwer to the Meſſage
to Ireland.
from Scotland, That there were many
The Marquis of Argyle had the Particulars contain’d in the Propofitions
fole Power in Scotland, yet he could which he did not underſtand, and which
not extinguiſh the impatient Deſign it was neceſſary for him to be adviſed in;
of that Nation to have the King and in order thereunto, and that he
come to them ; he was aſſured how the might be well inform’d and inftrueted in
Affections of the People ſtood, and on what ſo nearly concern'd him, he refolvid,
what flippery Ground he himſelf was, by ſuch a Time, which was ſet down,
provided he had no other Force than to find himſelf in Holland's where he
that of the Kingdom to aſſiſt him. deſired to meet ſuch Perſons as his King-
The Marquis at laſt thought it ad dom of Scotland would ſend to him, and
viſable to invite the King to Scotland, to confer, and treat, and agree with
(who by this Time he believed was thoſe upon all Things that might give
tired of Jerſey) believing that Crom- bis Subjeets of that Kingdom Satisfac-
well would not moleft him there, pro tion; which bis Majeſty did very much
vided the King would oblige himfelf deſire to do. And accordingly his Ma-
to ſubmit to the Covenant, and all thoſé jeſty proceeded through Flanders to
other Obligations, which were at that Breda, where he met the Commiſſioners
Time eſtabliſhed. Accordingly a Gen- from Scotland, and then reſolvid to
tleman was ſent with Letters into Jeri imbark himſelf in Holland, upon a
ſej, to invite his Majeſty again to come Fleet which tke Prince of Orange pro-
come into his Kingdom of Scotland; vided for him ; and ſo with all the
hot without a rude. Inſinuation, that it Scotiſh, and very few Engliſh Servants,
was the laſt Invitation he ſhould receive; to ſet Sail for Scotland. :
The Scotiſh Lords who were in Hol There fell out at this Time, and be
land were glad of this, believing that fore the King left Holland, an Acci.
if the King were there, they ſhould dent of fuch a prodigious nature, that,
eaſily find the Way home again. And if Providence had not, for the Re:
therefore they prevailed with the Prince proach of Scotland, determin'd that
of Orange to write very earneſtly to the the King ſhould once more make Ex.
King, and to recommend it to the periment of the Courage and Fidelity
Queeri, That the King would not loſe of that Nation, could not but have
this opportunity of improving his con- diverted his Majeſty from that Nor-
dition. No body preſumed to adviſe 'thern Expedition, which, how unſe.
him to ſubmit to all that was propoſed; cure foever it appear’d to be for the
yet-it-is evident that if he did not fub- King, was predeſtinated for a greater
mit to all, he could have the Benefit of Chaſtiſement and Mortification of that
nonë, but that be fould make ſuch an People, as it ſhortly after prov'd to be.
· Anſwer as might engage the Scots in a When the King had left Holland, the
Treaty for the King's better Information, Summer before, and intended only to
and Satisfaction in fome Particulars; make France his Way to Ireland, he
which being done, he ſhould imply a had given his Commiſion to the Mar-
Purpoſe to tranſpoſe to tranſport bis quis of Mountroſe, to gather ſuch a
Perfon thither.
Force together, as by the Help of the
The Spring was now coming on, and Northern Princes he might be enabled
though Jerſey was á convenient Place to do. Upon which the Marquis, who
to retire to, in order to conſider what was naturally full of great Thoughts,
was next to be done, yet it was not a and confident of Succeſs, fent ſeveral
Place to reſide in, nor would be long- Officers who had ſerv'd in Germany,
er ſafe, than whilſt the Parliament had and promiſed very much, to draw ſuch
ſo much elſe to do, that it could not Troops together as they ſhould be en-
ſpare wherewith to reduce it. The abled to do, and himſelf, with a great
Deſign for Ireland was at an end, and Train of Officers and Servants, went
the Deſpair of being welcome in any for Hamburgh, which he appointed for
other Place, compelled the King to the Rendezvous of all his Troops, and
from
5
544
Thic Hiſtory of the Rebeliront
from whence he could in the mean before the Winter Seaſon ſhould be
Time viſit ſuch Courts of the Neigh- over, both for the Safety of his Em-
bour Princes and States, as he ſhould barkation, and that he might have
be encouraged to do; and keep ſuch In Time to draw thoſe People together,
telligence with his Friends in Scotland, who he knew, would be willing to re-
as ſhould provide for his Reception. pair to him, before it ſhould be known
Beſides the Hopes and Encourage- at Edinburgh that he was landed in the.
ment he had receiv'd from the Embaſ. Kingdom. He had, by frequent Mef.
fador Wolfelte, to expect good Supplies fages, kept a conſtant Correſpondence
in Denmark, there were many Officers with thoſe principal Heads of the
of good Name and Account in Sweden, Clans who were moſt powerful in the
of the Scotiſh Nation, who were grown Highlands, and were of known, or
rich, and liv'd in Plenty in that King- unſuſpected Affection to the King,
dom. With the principal of them the and advertiſed them of all his Motions
Marquis had held Correſpondence; and Deſigns. And by them acquainted
who undertook, as well for others as thoſe of the Low-lands of all his Re-
for themſelves, That if the Marquis ſolutions; who had promiſed, úpon
engaged himſelf in the King's Service in the firſt Notice of his Arrival, to re-
the Kingdom of Scotland, they would fort, with all their Friends and Fol-
give him notable Aſiſtance in Money, lowers to him.
Arms, and Men. In a Word, he ſent, Whether theſe Men did really be-
or went in Perſon, to both thoſe King- lieve, that their own Strength would
doms; where he found the Perfor- be ſufficient to fubdue their Enemies,
mance very diſproportionable to their who were grown generally odious, or
Promiſes.' Queen Chriſtina had re- thought the bringing over Troops of
ceiv'd an Agent from England with Foreigners would leffen the Number
wonderful Civility and Grace, and ex- and Affections of the Natives, they
preſs’d a great Eſteem of the Perſon did write very earneſtly to the Mar-
of Cromwell, as a Man of glorious At- quis, To baften bis coming over with
chievements; and before ſhe reſign’d Officers, Arms, and Ammunition, for
the Crown, which ſhe in few Years which he mould find Hands enough; and
after did, ſhe engaged it in a faſt Alli- gave him notice, That the Committee
ance with the new Common-wealth, of Eſtates at Edenborough had ſent a-
and diſpoſed her Succeſſor to look gain to the King to come over to them ;
upon it as a neceffary Support to his and that the People were so impatient
Crown. In Denmark, the Marquis for his Preſence, that Argyle was com-
found good Wiſhes enough, a hearty pelld to conſent to the Invitation. There-
Deteſtation of all the Villanies which fore upon the whole, and concluding
had been acted in England, and as that all his Hopes from Germany, and
hearty Wiſhes for the Advancement thoſe Northern Princes would not in-
and Proſperity of the King's Affairs; creaſe the Strength he had already, he
but the Kingdom itſelf was very poor, cauſed, in the Depth of Winter, thoſe
and full of Diſcontent, the King not Soldiers he had drawn together, which
ſo much eſteem’d, becauſe not ſo much did not amount to above five hundred,
fear'd, as his Father had been, and he to be embarked, and ſent Officers with
had been compelld to make many them, who knew the Country, with
unreaſonable Conceſſions to Holland, Directions that they ſhould land in
that he might have Aſſiſtance from ſuch a Place in the Highlands, and re-
them, to protect him from thoſe Af- main there, as they might well do, till
faults and Invaſions which were threat- he came to them, or ſent them Orders.
en'd from Sweden. So that the Mar. And then in another Veffel mann'd
quis was oblig'd to return to Hamburg, by People well known to him, and
with very ſmall Supplies, from either, commanded by a Captain very faithful
or both thoſe Kingdoms : And there to the King, and who was well acquaint-
he receiv'd no better Account from ed with that Coaſt, he embarked him-
thoſe Officers who had been ſent into ſelf and near one hundred Officers, and
Germany. His Deſign had always been landed in another Creek, not far from
to land in the Highlands of Scotland, the other Place, whicher his Soldiers
were
I
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 545
were directed. And both the one out the Intervention of any notable
and the other Party were fet fafely Circumſtances to interrupt it, we will
on Shore in the Places they deſign'd'; rather continue the Relation of it in
from whence the Marquis himſelf with this Place, than defer it to be reſum'd
fome Servants and Officers, repaird in the proper Seaſons which quickly
preſently to the Houſe of a Gentle- enſued in the Beginning of the next
man of Quality, with whom he had Year.
correſponded, who expected him; by The Alarm of Montroſe's being
whom he was well received, and landed ſtartled the Parliament which
thought himſelf to be in Security till were then ſitting, and gave them no
he mighť put his Affairs in ſome Me- Leiſure to think of any thing elſe than
Thód: And therefore order'd' his other of ſending Forces to hinder the Re-
ſmall Troops to contain themfelves in courſe of others to join with him.
thoſe uńcouth Quarters, in which they They immediately ſent Colonel Strag-
were, and where he thought they were han, with a choice Party of the bekt
not Hike to be diſturb'd by the Viſita- Horſe they had; to make all poſſible
tion of the Enemy.
Haſte towards him, and to prevent the
After he had 'ſtay'd there á fhort Infurrections, which they fear'd would
time, it being in March, about the be in feveral Parts of the High-lands.
End of the Year" 1649, he quickly And, within few Days after David
poffefs'd himſelf of an old Caſtle'; Leſley followed with a ſtronger Party
which; in 'tėſpect of the Situation in a of Horſe and Foot. The Encourage-
Country ſo impoffible for an Army to ment the Marquis of Montroſe receiv'd
march in,' he thought ſtrong enough from his Friends, and the Vopleafant-
for His Purpoſe: Thither he con- neſs of the Quarters in which he was,
vey'd the Arms, 'Ammunition, and prevail'd with bim to march with thefe
Troops, which he had brought with few Troops, more into the Land. And
him. And then he publiſh'd his Det the High-landers flocking to him from
claration, That he came with the King's all Quarters, though ill arm'd, and
Commiſion; to afft thoſe bis good. Såb- worfe i diſciplin’d, made him under-
jects; and to preſerve them from Oslo value any Enemy: whº, he thought,
preſſion. That be did not intend to give was yet. like to encounter him. Strag-
any Interruption to the Treaty that: be ban made, ſuch haſte, that the Earl of
beard toas enter?d into with bis Majeſty's Southerland, who at leaſt pretended to
but;:.on the contrary, hoped, tbat bis have gather'd together a Body of fif-
being in the Head of an Army, boro teen hundred Men to meet
: Montroſe,
Small-foever, that was faithful to the choſe rather “to join with Siraghan::
King; might advance the same. Theſe Others did the like, 'who had made the
Declarations he ſent to his Friends to fame Promiſes, or ſtay'd at home to
be ſcatter'd by them, and diſperſed expect the Event of the firſt Encoun-
amongſt the People, as they could be ter. The Marquis was: -without any
able. He writ likewiſe to thoſe of the Body of Horſe:to diſcover the Motion
Nobility, and the Heads of the ſeve- of an Enemy, but depended upon all
ral Clans, To draw ſuch Forces together, neceffary Intelligence from the Affe-
as they thought neceſſary to joyn wito etion of the People; which he believ'd
Pimand he receiv'd Anſwers from to be the ſame, it was when he left
many of them, by which they deſired them. But they were, much degene-
him, to advance more in the Land (for rated s the. Tyranny of Argyle, and his
he was yet in the remoteft Part of having cauſed very njany to be bar-
Cathneſs) and áffured him, That they barouly murder'd, without any Form
'would meet bim with good Numbers:; of Law, or. Juſtice, who had been in
and they did prepare to to.do, fome Arms with Montroſe, i notwithftand.
really, and others with a Purpoſe to ing all Ads of Pardon, and Indemni-
betray him.
ty, had. fo broken their. Hearts, thật
In this Stare ſtood the Affair in the they were ready to do all Offices that
"End of the Year 1649: But becauſe might gratify and oblige, him. So
the unfortunate Tragedy of that noble that Stragban. was within a ſmall Di-
Perſon ſucceeded. fo foon after, with ſtance of him, before, be heard of his
158
6 Y
Approach;
1545
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Approach, and thoſe High-landers, mitted him to buy better. His Beha-
who had ſeem'd to come with much vidur was, in the whole time, ſuch as
Zeal to him, whether terrified or cor became a great. Man, his Countenance
rupted; left him on a Sudden, or threw ferene and chearful, as one that was
down their Arms;' to that he had ſuperiour to all thoſe Reproaches,
-none left; bụt 2. Company of good which they had prepared the People
Officers, and five or fix hundred Po- to pour out'upon him in all the Places
reigners, Dutch and Germans, who had thro' which he was to paſs.
been acquainted with their Officers. When he came to one of the. Gates
With theſe he betook himſelf to a of Edenborough, he was met by. fome
Place of ſome Advantage, by the In- of the Magiſtrates; to whom he was
equality of the Ground, and the Buſhes deliver’d, and by them preſently put
ani fniall Shrubs which fill'd it : and into a new : Cart, purpoſely made, in
there they made a Defence for ſome which there was a high Chair or Bench,
time with notable Courage.
upon which he fat, that the People
But the Enemy being To much fu might have a full View of him, being
perior in Number, the common Sol- bound with a Cord drawn oyer, his
diers being all Foreigners, after about Breaſt and Shoulders, and faſten'd thro'
a hundred of them were kill'd upon Holes made in the Cart. When he
the Place, threw down their Arins ; was in this Poſture, the Hangman
and the Marquis ſeeing all loft, threw took off his Hat, and rode himſelf be-
away his Ribbon and George (för he fore the Cart in. his Livery, and with
was Knight of the Garter) and found his Bopnet on : the other Oficers, who
means' to change his Cloaths with a were taken Priſoners with him, walk-
Fellow of the Country, and ſo after ing, two and
two before the Cart; the
having gone on foot two or three Streets and Windows being full of Peo-
Miless he got into the Houſe of a ple to behold the Triumph over a Per-
Gentleman, where he remained con- fan whoſe Name-had made them trem-
cealed about two Days: moſt of the ble ſome few Years before, and into
other Officers were ſhortly after taken whoſe Hands the Magiſtrates of.thar
Priſoners, all the Country deſiring to Place had, upon their Knees, deliver's
merit from Argyle by betraying all the Keys of that, City. In this man.
thoſe into his Hands which they be ner he was carried to the Common
lieved to be his Enemies. And thus, Gaol, where he was received and
whether by the owner of the Houſe, treated as a common Malefactor.
or any other way, the Marquis him- Within two Days after, he was brough
-Self became their Priſoner. The Stran- before the Parliament,' where the Earl
gers who were taken, were ſet at Li- of Lowden, the Chancellor, made a
berty, and tranſported themſelves in very: bitter and virulent Declamation
to theiš own Countries; the. Caſtle againſt him ; told him, He had broken
into which there was a little Garriſon, all the Covenants, by which that. whole
preſently furrender'd itſelf; fo that Nation ſtood oblig'd; and had impiouſly
there was no more fear of an Enemy in rebell:d againſt God, 'the King, and the
'thofe Parts:.
Kingdom; that he had committed many
The Marquis of Montroſe, and the horrible Murders, Treaſons, and in-
- reſt of the Priſoners, were the next pieties., for all which he was now
Day, or foon after, deliver'd to Das brought to ſuffici, condign. Puniſhment.
vid Lellery; who was come up with Permiſſion was then given him- t?
his Forces, and had nothing left tó Tpeak; and without the leaſt Trouble
do but to carry them in Triumph to in his Countenance or Diſorder, upon
Edenborough; whither Notice was all the Indignities. he had ſuffer’d, he
quickly ſent' of their great. Victory ; told them, Since: the King had own'd
which was 'received there with won- then so far as to treat with them, be
derful Joy and Acclamation. David bad appear'd before them with Reve-
Leſley treated the Marquis with great rence and bare headed, which otherwiſe
Iniolence, and for ſome. Days carried he would not willingly have done : that
him in the ſame 'Cloaths and Habit in be bad: done nothing' of which he was
which he was taken ; but at laſt per abbam’d, or had cauſe to, repents that
for
1
7
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
547
1
for the. League and Covenant, be bad pointed to be, than he could have been
never taken it, and therefore could not to bave had his Pieturė bang in the
break it, and it was not too apparent King's Bed-Chamber; that be was to
'to ibe whole Chriſtian World, what far from being troubled that his four
sionſtrous Miſchief; it bad produced. Limbis were to be hanged in four Cities
He ſaid, He was now entered into the of the Kingdom, that be beartily wiſhed
Kingdom by his Mafeſty's Command, he bad Fleſh enough to be ſent to every
and with his Authority; and what Suç- City in Chriſtendom, as a Teſtimony of
ceſs Soever it might have pleafed God to the Cauſe for which he ſufferd.
have given him, he would always have The next Day, they executed every
obeyed any Commands' he ſhould have Part and Circumſtance of that barba-
received from him. He adviſed them, rous Sentence, with all the Inhuma-
To conſider well, of the Conſequence be- nity imaginable; and he bore it with
fore' ibey. proceeded againſt him, and all the Courage and Magnanimity, and
that all his Actions might be examin'd, the greateſt Piety, that a good Chris
and judged by the Laws of the Land, ftian could manifeft
. He magnified
or thoſe of Nations.
the Virtue, Courage, and Religion of
As ſoon as he had ended his 'Dir- the laſt King, exceedingly commend
courſe, he was orderd to withdraw; ed the Juſtice, and Goodneſs, and Un-
and, after a ſhort Space, was again derſtanding of the preſent King; and
brought in ; and told by the Chan- prayed, That they might not betray kish
cellor, That he was on the Morrow, as they had done his Father. When he
being the one and twentieth Day of May had ended all he meant to ſay, and
16.50, to be carried to Edenborough was expecting to expire, they had yet
Croſs, and there to be banged upon one Scene more to act of their Tyran-
Gallore's thirty Foot high, for the Space iny. The Hangman' brought the Book
of three Hours; and then to be taken that had been publiſhed of his truly
down, and his Head to be cut off 'upon heroick Actions, whilft he command-
a Scaffold, and banged on Edenboroughà ed in that Kingdom, which Book was
Tolbooth; bis Legs and Arms to be tied in a ſmall Chord that was put 'a-
banged' up in other publick Towns of the bout his Neck. The Marquis ſmira
Kingdom, and his Body to be buried at at this new Inſtance of their Malice;
the Place where he was to be exécuted, and thanked them for it," and ſaid, He
except the Kirk ſhould take off his Ex was pleaſed it Ihould be there'; and was
communication ; and then bis Bódy might proüder of wearing it than ever be bad
be buried in the comimon Place of Buri. been of the Garter, and fo: renewing
al. He deſired, That he might Fäy fome devout Ejaculations, he patient-
somecobat to them, but was not ſuf: ly endured the laſt Act of the Execu-
ferd, and ſo was carried back to the tioner:
Priſon.
The King received an Account and
That he might not enjoy any Éafe Information of all theſe Particulars; bei
or Quiet during the nort Remainder fore he embarked from Holland, with
of his Life, their Miniſters came pre out any other Apology for the Affront
ſentiy to inſult over him with all the and Indighity to himſelf, than that
Reproaches imaginable'; pronounced they aſſured him, That the Proceeding's
his Damnation, and affüred him, That againſt the late Marquis of Montrofe
the Judgment he was the next Dáy ito had been for his Service.
fuffer, was but an eaſy. Prologue to that were moſt difpleaſed with Argyle and
which he was to undergo afterwards his Faction, were not ſorry for this in-
But he deſired them, To ſpare their human, and monſtrous Proſecution ;
Pains, and to leave him to his own Der which at the ſame Time muſt' render
votions. He told them, That they him the more odious, and had 'rid them
were• å miſerable, deluded, and deluding of an Enemy that they thought would
People ; and would shortly. bring that have been more dangerous to them'';
poor Nation under the moſt inſupportable and they perſuaded the King who was
Sérvitude ever People had ſubmitted to. enough amicted with the News, and
He told them, He was prouider to have all the Circumſtances of it, bat be
his Head ſet upon the place it was apr might ſooner take Revenge upon that
Prop!
4
548
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
People by a temporary complying with much greater and ſuperior in Number
them, and going to them, than ſtaying to all his Forces, and that they had
away, and, abſenting himſelf, which ſeveral great Towns, and ſtrong Holds
would inveſt.them in an abſolute Domi- in their Power, he declared a full Li-
nion in that Kingdom,, and give them berty, and Authority, to all the Ofi.
Power to deſtroy all thoſe woboz' yet re cers with the Iriſh, and to all other
mained faithful to him, and were ready . Perſons whatſoevera to raiſe what Men
to ſpend their Lives in his Service : And they would, and to tranſport them for
ſo his Majeſty purſued his former Re- the Service of any foreign Princes with
ſolution of embarking for Scotland. whom they could make the beſt Con-
In Ireland, after the Maſſacre of dịtions; and gave Notice to the Spa-
that Body of Engliſh at Tredagh, and nip and French Miniſters, and Agents
the treacherous giving up the Towns at London, of the Liberty he had grant-
in Munſter, by the Officers of the Lord ed. Upon which many Officers who
Inchiquin, there broke out ſo im- had ſerved the King, and remained in
placable a: Jealouſy amongſt the Iriſ London in great Poverty, and Want,
againſt all the Engliſh, that no Orders made Conditions with Don Alonzo de
of the Marquis of Ormond found any Cardinas, to raiſe Regiments, and
Obedience; nor could he draw an Ar, tranſport them into Spain, and many
my together.
Officers who were already in Spain, as
Cromwell made notable Uſe of this well Engliſh as Iriſh, contracted with
Animoſity between the Iriſh'amongſt the Miniſters in that Court to raiſe and
themſelves, and of the Jealouſy they tranſport ſeveral Regiments into that
all appeared to have of the Marquis of Kingdom from Ireland; for which
Oriponds and of thoſe who adhered to they received very great Sums of Mo-
him ; and uſed all
the Endeavours he ney in hand ; mány Merchants, joining
could, by fome Priſoners who were with them in the Contract, and under-
taken, and by others who were in the taking the Tranſportation upon very
Towns, which were beçrayed to him, good conditions, there being no other
and were well known to have Affeçu Danger but of the Sea in the Under-
tion for the Marquis, ito: procure a taking; infomụch that, in very few
Conference with him. He uſed to months above a Year, there were em
alk in fuch Company, What the Mar- barked in the Ports of Ireland above
quis af Ormond had to do with Charles five, and twenty thouſand men for the
Stuart, and what Obligations be bad Kingdom of Spains, whereof not half
ever received from him? And then were ever drawn into the Field- there,
would mention the hard Meaſure his and very few ever liv'd to return.
Grand-father had received from King And there were twenty thouſand
James, and the mariy Years Impriſon. Men at the ſame time tranſported out
ment, he had ſuſtain'd by him, for of Ireland into the Kingdom of France.
not ſubmitting to an extrajudicial and in the mean Time, it is enough to
private Determination of his ; which obferve, that when the King's Licute-
yet he was at laſt compellid to do. nant, notwithſtanding all the Promi-
He ſaid, He was confident, if the Mar. ſes, Obligations, and Contracts,
quis and He could meet together, upon which the Confederate Roman Catho-
Conference, they should part very good dicks had made to, and with him,
Frierids. And many of thoſe with could not draw together a Body of
whom he held theſe Diſcourſes, by his five thouſand Men (by which he might
Permiſſion and Licence, informed the have been able to have given ſome
Marquis of all, he ſaid s: whọ en- Scop to the Current of Cromwell's Suc-
deavour'd nothing but to put himſelf ceffes) Cromwell himſelf found a Way
into ſuch a Poſture, as to be able to to ſend above forty thouſand. Men ou
meet him as he deſired to do.
of that Kingdom for Service of Foreign
When Cromwell Taw that he ſhould Princes; which might have been
be able to do nothing that Way, and enough to have driven him from
knew well enogh, that there were ſtill thence, and to have reſtored it to the
vaſt Bodies of the Iriſh, which might King's entire Obedience.
be drawn together into ſeveral Armies, In England, the Spirits of all the
loyal
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
549
Loyal Party were ſo broken and fub- Profeſſions of intending better to his
dued, that they could ſcarce breathe Majeſty and his Party than the other
under the inſupportable Burdens which did; by them the Preſbyterians had
were laid upon them by Impriſon- been affronted, and troden under
ments, Compoſitions, and Sequeftra- Foot, and the City of London expoſed
tions. Whatever Articles they had to Diſgrace and Infamy; by them he
made in the War, and whatever Pro- had broken the Treaty of the Ife of
miſes had been made of Pardon and Wight; driven out of the Parliament,
Indemnity, they were now call'd upon by Force of Arms, all thoſe who de-
to finiſh their Compoſition for their fir’d Peace, and at laſt executed his
Delinquency, and paid dear for the barbarous Malice upon the ſacred Per-
Credit they had given to the Profeſſi- ſon of the King : And when he had
ons and Declarations of the Army, apply'd them to all thoſe Uſes, for
when it ſeem'd to have Pity, and com which he thought them to be moſt fit,
plain'd of the ſevere and rigorous pro- he hoped, and endeavour'd to have re-
ceeding againſt the King's Party, and duced them again by a ſevere Hand,
extorting unreaſonable Penalties from into that Order and Obedience from
them ; which then they deſired might be whence he had ſeduced them, and
moderated. But now the Maſk was off which waś now as neceſſary to his fu-
they fequefter'd all their Eſtates, and ture Purpoſe of Government.
But
left them nothing to live upon, till they had taffed too much of the Plea-
they ſhould compound; which they fure of having their Part, and Share in
were forced to do at ſo unreaſonable it; to be willing to be ſtripped, and
Rates, that many were compelled to depriv'd of it; and made an unſkil-
fell half, that they might enjoy the ful Computation of what they ſhould
other towards the Support of their Fa- be able to do for the future, by the
milies; which Remainder was ſtill lia- great Things they had done before in
ble to whatever Impoſitions they at thoſe Changes and Revolutions which
any Time thought fit to inflict upon are mention'd; not conſidering, that
them, as their Perſons were to Impri- the ſuperior Officers' of the Army,
ſonment, when any unreaſonable and were now united with the Parliament,
groundleſs Report was raiſed of ſome and concurrid entirely in the fame De
Plot, and Conſpiracy againſt the ſigns. And therefore when they re-
State.
new'd their former Expoftulations and
The Parliament, which conſiſted Demands from the Parliament, they
only of thoſe Members who had fat were caſheer'd, and impriſon'd, and
in Judgment, and folemnly murder'd ſome of them put to Death. Yet about
the King, and of thoſe who as folemn- the Time that Cromwell, who had pro-
ly under their Hands had approv'd fecuted them with great Fury, was go-
and commended what the others had ing for Ireland, they recover'd their
done, met with no Oppoſition or Con- Courage, and reſolv'd to obtain thoſe
tradiction from any, but an entire Sub- Conceffions by force, which were re-
miſſion from all to all they did, except fuſed to be granted upon their Requeſt:
only from that Part of their own Ar. And ſo they mutiry'd in ſeveral Parts,
my which had contributed moſt to the upon Preſumption that the reſt of the
Grandeur and Empire of which they Army, who would not joyn with them
were poffefs'd, the Levellers. That in publick, would yet never be pre-
People had been countenanc'd by vailed with to oppoſe, and reduce
Cromwell to enter into Cabals and them by force. But this Confidence
Confederacies to corrupt and diſſolve deceiv'd them ; for the Parliament no
the Diſcipline of the Army, and by ſooner commanded their General Fair-
his Artifices had been applied to bring fax to ſuppreſs them, then he drew
all his crooked Deſigns to paſs. By Troops together, and fell upon them
them he broke the itriet Union be- at Banbury, Burford, and in other
tween the Parliament and the Scots, Places; and by killing ſome upon the
and then took the King out of the Place, and executing others to terrify
Hands of the Parliament, and kept the reſt, he totally ſuppreſs'd that Fac-
him in the Army, with ſo many fair tion; and the Orders of thoſe at Weſt-
159
6 Z
minſter
1
550 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
minſfer. met: with no more Oppoſition for Horſe and Eopt from England. by
This was the State and Condition of Sea; ipſomuch as the Army. was redu-
the three. Kişgdoms aš the End of the ced to great Streights, and the Scots
Year 1649, fome, few. Months after really believ,d, that they bad them all
the King embarked, himſelf in Holland at their
, Mercy, except lúch as would
for Scotland.
embark on board their Ships. But as
ſoon as Cromwell. had recover'd ſome
When, the King, arrixd, there, he Proviſions, his Army, begun to re-
was receiv?d, by, the Marquis of Argyle move, and ſeem'd to provide for their
with all the outward Respect, imaginar March. Whether that March was to
ble; but,, within, two Days, after his retire out of lo barren a Country for
landing,, all, the Engliß Servants he want of Proviſions, or whether that
had of, any. Quality, werą remov'd Motion was only to draw the Sois from
from his Perſon, the Duke of Bucking- the advantageous Poſt of which they
hamı
, only
; excepted. But as ſoon as his were poffeffed, is not yet underſtood.
Majøfty, arrived there, Cromwell being But it was confeſſed on all Sides, that,
fent, for, by the Parliamentin left what if the Scots had remain' within their
Femain'd.to be done in Ireland to. Iren Trenches, and ſent Parties of Horſe to
Lom (who, had, married his Daughter) have follow'd the Engliſh Army cloſely,
and made him Deputy's and tranſport, they muſt have ſo diſorder'd them,
ed himſelf into England ; where the that they would have left their Cannon,
Parliament, not without gļeat. Oppo- and all their heavy Carriage behind
Ation from all the Preſbyterian Party, them, beſides the Danger the Foot
refalvid to ſend an Army into Scotland.. muſt have been in. But the Scots did
Many oppoſed it, as they thought it not intend to part with them ſo eaſily;
an unjuſt and unprofitable War, and they doubted not but to have the Spoil
knew it muſt be a very expenſive one; of the whole Army. And therefore
and others; becauſe it would keep up they no ſooner diſcernd that the En-
and encreaſe the Power and Authority gliſh were upon their March, but they
of the Army in England; which was decamped, and follow?d with their
already, found to be very grievous.
whole Body all the Night following,
This Refolutioni produced another and found themſelves in the Morning
great Alteration : Fairfax, who had within a ſmall Diſtance of the Enemy:
hitherto worñ the Name of General, For Cromwell was quickly advertiſed
decfar'd poſitively that he would not that the Scotiſh Army was diſlodged,
command the Army againſt Scotland. and march'd after him ; and thereupon
The Preſbyterians faid, It was becauſe he made a Stand, and put his Men in
be thought the War unlawful, in regard good Order. The Scots found they
it was againſt thoſe of the ſame Religion; were not upon ſo clear a Chaſe as they
bur bis Friends would have it believ'd, imagin'd, and placed themſelves again
that he would not fight againſt the upon ſuch a Side of a Hill, as they be-
King. Hereupon Cromwell was choſen liev'd the Engliſh would not have the
Géneral, which made no Alteration Courage to attack them there.
in the Army; which he had modellº di But Cromwell knew them too well to
to his own Mind before, and com- fear them upon any Ground, where
manded as abfolutely:
there were no Trenches; or Fortifica-
In Hüly Cromwell enter'd. Scotland, tions to keep him from them and
and march'd without any Oppoſition therefore he made Haſte to charge
t[]} he came within leſs than a Days them on all Sides, upon what advan-
Journey of Edinburgh; where he found tage-Ground foever they ſtood. Their
the Scotifs Army encamped upon á Horſe did not ſuſtain one Charge; but
very advantageous Ground; and he féd, and were purſứed with a great
made his Quarters as near as he could' Execution. The Foot depended much
conveniently, and yet with Diſadvan- upon their Miniſters, who preach'd,
tages, enough. For the country was and pray'd, and aftúrd them of the
fo deſtroyed behind him, and the Victory, till the Engliſh were upon
Paffes fo guarded before, that he was them; and ſome of their Preachers
compella to ſend for all his Proviſion were knockd on the Head, whilft
they
in the Reign of King CHARLES İ. 551
they were promiſing the Victory. King himſele interpoſed more than he
Though there was ſo little Reſiſtance had done, and the Noblemen and
made, that Cromwell loft very few officers.came to him with more Con-
Men by that Days Service, yet the Ex fidence; and his Majeſty took upon
çcution was very, terrible upon the E. him to complain and expoftulațe, when
nemy; the whole Body of the Foof thoſe Things were done which he did
being, upon the maſter, cut in Pieces ; nog like. A Summons was ſent out;
No Quarter was given till they were in the King's Namę, to call a Parlia-
weary of killing; fo that there were ment; and great Preparations were
between five and fix thouſand dead really made for the Coronation ; and
ypon the Place; and very few, buç the Seaſon of the Year againſt which
they who eſcaped by the Heels of their Cromwell was ſecuring himſelf in Edin-
Horſe, were without terrible Woundş; burgh, and, making Proviſions for his
of which very many died ſhortly after: Army, the Winter coming on, and the
All the Cannon, Ammunition, Car- ftrong Patres, which were caly then to
riages, and Buggagę, were entirely be guarded, hindred the Enemies Ad-
taken, and Cromwell with his victorious wance : So that the King reſided ſome-
Army, march'd directly to Edinburgh; times at Sterling, and ſometimes at St.
where he found plenty of all Things Johnſton's, with Convenience enough.
which he wanted, and good Accom: The Parliament, met at Sterling, and
modation for che refreſhing his Army, ſhortly after brought all the Lords of
which ſtood in need of it.
the other Party thither, who appear'd
Never Viétory was attended with to have Credit enough to wipe off thoſe
leſs Lamentations : For as Cromwell Stains with which the Engagement had
had great argument of Triumph in defaced then, yet with Submiſſion to
the total Defeat and Deſtruction of the ſtand publickly in the Stool of Repen-
only. Army that was in Scotland; which; tance, acknowledging their former
Defeat had put a great. Part of that Tranſgreſſions; as they all did.
Kingdom, and the chief City of it, Duke Hamilton and Lautberdale were
under his Obedience'; ſo the King, welcome to the King, and neareſt his
who was then at St. Johnfton’s was Confidence'; which neither the Duke
glad of it, as the greateſt Happineſs of Buckingham, who had caſt' off their
that could befall him, in the Loſs of Friendſhip as unuſeful, nor the Mar-
ſo ſtrong a Body of his Enemies; who, quis of Argyle, were pleaſed with.
if they ſhould have prevailed, his Ma- The King himſelf grew very popular;
jeſty did believe that they would have and by his frequent Conferences with
Thut him up ir a Priſon the next Day'; the Knights and Burgeſſes, got any
which had been only a ſtricter Con- Thing paſſed in the Parliament which
finement than he ſuffer'd already. But, he deſired. He cauſed many infamous
after this Defeat, they all look'd upon Acts to be repeal'd, and provided for
the King as one they might ſtand in the raiſing an Army, whereof himſelf
need of: They permitted his Servants, was General ; and no Exceptions were
who had been ſequeſter’d from him tåker to thoſe Officers who had for-
from his Arrival in the Kingdom, to merly ſerv’d the King his Father.
attend and wait upon him, and begun The Coronation was paſſed with
to talk of calling a Parliament, and of great Solemnity and Magnificence, all
a Time for the King's Coronation > Men making Shew of Joy, and.of be-
which had not hitherto been ſpoken ing united to ſerve his Majeſty. The
of. They of the Council feem'd not King's Army was as well modelled,
to have ſo abſolute a Dependence upon and in as good a Condition as it was
the Marquis of Argyle, but ſpoke more like to be whilſt he ſtayed in Scotland.
freely than they had uſed to do ; and By that time that Cromwell was ready
the Marquis applied himſelf more to to take the Field, his Majeſty was per-
the King, and to thoſe about him: ſwaded to made David Leſley his Lieu-
So that the King did, in a good De- tenant General of the Army; who had
gree, enjoy the Fruit of this Victory, long Experience, and a very good
as well as Cromwell. And a new Ar- Name in War; and Middleton com-
my was appointed to be raiſed ; the manded the Horſe. The Artillery
2
was
552
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
was in very good Order under the the ſame Misfortune would have fallen
Command of Wemmes, who had not out if he had not taken it.
the worſe Reputation there for having The King was now, by Cromwell's
been ungrateful to the King's Father. putting himſelf behind him, much
Many of the greateſt Noblemen had nearer to England than he: Nor was
raiſed Regiments, or Troops; and all it poſſible for him to overtake his Ma-
the young Gentlemen of the Kingdom jeſty, in regard of the Ways he was
appear'd very hearty and chearful in unavoidably
to paſs, till after the King
Commands, or Voluntiers : And, in had been ſome Days March before
all Appearance, they ſeem'd a Body him : His Majeſty's Fate depended
equal in any reſpect, and ſuperior in upon the Succeſs of one Battle : For a
Number, to the Enemy; which ad- poſſible Eſcape into the High-lands,
vanced all they could, and made it after a Defeat, there was no Kingly
manifeſt that they deſir'd nothing more Proſpect : All the Northern Parts of
than to come to Battle; which was not England had given him Cauſe to be-
thought counſellable for the King's lieve that they were very well affected
Army to engage in, except upon very to his Service, and if he could reach
notable Advantages; which they had thoſe Countries, he might preſume to
reaſon every Day to expect; for there encreaſe his Army; which was nume-
was a very broad and a deep River be rous enough, with an Addition of ſuch
tween them; and if they kept the Par. Men as would make it much more
ſes, of which they were poffefſed, and conſiderable. Hereupon, with the
could hardly chooſe but keep, Crom- Concurrence aforeſaid, it was reſolved
well muſt in a very few Days want Pro- that the Army ſhould immediately
viſions, and ſo be forced to retire, march, with as much Expedition as
whilſt the King had plenty of all was poſſible, into England, by the
Things which he ſtood in need of, and neareſt Ways, which led into Lanca-
could, by the Advantages of the Paf- ſhire, whither the King ſent Expreſſes
fes, be in his Rere afſoon as he thought to give thoſe, of whom he expected
fit.
much, .notice of his purpoſe, that
In this Poſture both Armies ſtood in they might get their Soldiers ready to
View of each other near the two' receive him. His Majeſty ſent' like-
Months of June and July, with ſome wiſe to the Iſle of Man, where the
ſmall Attempts upon each other, with Earl of Derby had ſecurely repos'd
equal Succeſs. About the End of July, himſelf from the End of the former
by the Cowardiſe or Treachery of Ma- War, That be ſhould' meet his Majeſty
jor-General Brown, who had a Body in Lancaſhire. The Marquis of Ar-
of four thouſand Men to keep it, gyle was the only Man who diffwaded
Cromwell's Forces under Lambert, his Majeſty's March into England,
gain'd the Paſs, by which they got with Reaſons which were not frivolous
behind the King; and though they but the contrary prevailed; and he
could not compel his Majeſty to fight, ſtayed behind ; and, when the King
for there was ſtill the great River be begun his March, retired to his Houſe
tween them, they were poffefied, or in the High-lands.
might quickly be, of the moſt fruitful Though Cromwell was not frequent-
Part of the Country; and ſo would not ly without good Intelligence what was
only have ſufficient Proviſion for their done in the King's Army, and Coun-
own Army, but in a ſhort Time would cils, yet this laſt Reſolution was con-
be able to cut off much of that which ſulted with ſo great Secrecy, and exe-
ſhould ſupply the King's. This was a cuted with that wonderful Expedition,
great Surprize to the King, and put that the King had marched a whole
him into new Counſels; and he did, Day without his comprehending what
with the unanimous Advice of almoſt the meaning was, and before he re-
all the principal Officers, and all thoſe ceiv'd the laſt Advertiſement of it. It
who were admitted to the Council, was not a ſmall Surprize to him, nor
take a Reſolution worthy of his Cou was it eaſy for him to reſolve what to
rage ; which, how unfortunate ſoever do. If he ſhould follow with his whole
it prov’d, was Evidence enough that Army, all the Advantages he had got
in
3.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
553
1
1.
i
in Scotland, would be preſently loſt, devoted to him, with a ſtrong Party
and the whole Kingdom be again uni- of Foot, and ſome Troops of Horſe,
ted in any new Miſchief. If he fol- ſtrong enough to ſuppreſs any Forces
lowed but with part, he might be too which ſhould riſe after his Departure,
weak, when he overtook the King; .to keep Edinburgh, and the Harbour
whoſe Army he knew, would bear the of Leith; to ſurprize and apprehend as
Fatigue, of a long March better than many of the Nobility; and conſidera-
his could do. There were two Con- ble Gentry, as he ſhould ſuſpect, and
-fideracions which troubled: him ex: keep them under Cuſtody ; to uſe the
ceedingly; the one, the terrible. Con- higheſt Severity againſt all who
op
fternation he foreſaw the Parliament poſed him; and, above all, not to
would be in, when they heard that the endure or :permit the Licence, of the
King with his Army was nearer to Preachers in their Pulpits ; and to
them, than their own Army was for make himſelf as, formidable as was
their Defence; and he knew that he poſſible.
had Enemies enough to improve their When Cromwell had diſpatch'd theſe
Fear, and to, leffen his Conduct : The Orders and Directions, be begún his
other was, that, if the King had. Time own March with the Remainder of his
given to reſt in any: Place, he would Army, three Days after the King was
infinitely encreaſe and ſtrengthen his gone, with a wonderful Chearfulneſs,
Army by the Reſort of the People, as and Aſſurance to the Officers and Solé
well as the Gentry and Nobility, from diers, that he ſhould, obtain a full
all Parts. And though he did ſo much Victory; in England over thoſe whº fled
undervalue the Scotiſh Army, that he from him out of Scotlandi:
would have been: glad to have found "The King þád, from the Time that
himſelf engaged with it; upon any int he had recover'd any Authority in
equality of Numbers, and Diſadvan- Scotland, granted a Commiſion to the
tage of Ground, yet he did believė, Duke of Buckingham, to raiſe a Regi.
that, by a good Mixture with Engliſh; ment of Horſe which Maſſey was to
they might be made very conſiderable command.onder him, and to raiſe ano.
Hé. took a very quick Reſolution to ther Regiment of Foot. Maley had
provide for all the beſt he could : He got a great Name by, his defending
diſpatched an Expreſs to the Parlia, Gloceſter
, againſt the late King, and
ment, to prevent their being ſuprized was lookd upon as a Martyr to the
with the News ; and to aſſure them, Preſbyterian Intereſt, and ſo very
That be would himſelf. overtake the Ene: dear to that Party; and therefore, a's
my before they ſhould give them any ſoon as they came within the Borders
Trouble; and gave, ſuch farther Orders of England, he: was fent with ſome
for drawing the Auxiliary Troops to- Troops before, and was always to
gether in the ſeveral Countries, as he march at leaſt a Dạy before the Army,
thought fit.
to the End that he might give: Notice:
He gave Lambert Order immediate- of the King's coming, and draw the
ly to follow the King with ſeven :or: Gentry of the Counties through which;
eight Bundred Horſe, and to draw as he paſs?d, to be ready to attend. upon
many others as he could from the Country his Majeſty.
Militia ; and to diſturb his Majeſty's: In Lancaſhire the Earl of Derby. met
March the moſt be could, by being near; him; who, as ſoon as he receiv'd his:
and obliging him, to, march cloſe;. not. Summons, left the Ine of Man. When
engaging his own Party in any fbarp. the King's Army came about War-;
A&tions, without a very notorious, Ad., rington in Cheſhire, they found, that
vantage; but to keep himſelf entire till theſe was a Body of the Enemy drawn
he should come up to bim. With this: up in a fair Field, which did not ap-1
Order Lambert marched away the ſame, pear conſiderable enough to ſtop theirí
Day the Advertiſement came.
March. This was Lambert, who had
Cromwell reſolv'd then to leave Ma-; made ſo much Hafte, that he had that
jor-General Monk, : upon whom he Day fallen upon ſome of their Troops,
look'd with moſt. Confidence, as an and beaten them into the Army; but
excellent Officer of Foot, and as entirely when the Army came up, Lambert,
160
accord
7 A
554
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
the Earl had a Bon. In order to which,
according to his Order and Purpoſe, prevaild with to give it up to the
retird, and being purſued by the King; but his Majeſty ſending to him,
King's Horſe with a greater Party, he return'd a rude Denial : So that
.made more Haſte than a well order's his Majeſty's Eye was upon Worceſter;
Retreat requires, but with no conſide. that was ſo little out of his Way to
rable Loſs.
London, that the going thither would
Ai Warrington it was thought coun- not much retard' his March, if they
ſellable, very unfortunately, that the found the Army able to continue it.
Earl of Derby, with the Lord With- Thither the King came with his Ar-
rington, and ſeveral other Officers of my even as foon as they had heard that
good Name, ſhould return into Lan- he was in England: Whereupon the
capire, in order to raiſe the well af- Committee, and all thoſe who were
fected in thoſe two Counties of Lan- employ'd by the Parliament, fled in
caſhire. and Cheſhire; who could not all the Confuſion imaginable; and the
come in upon ſo quick a March, as City open'd their Gates, and receiv'd
the King had made: And“yet it being the King, with all the Demonfttation
out of the Road that Cromwell was to of Affection and Duty that could be
follow, who was entered into Yorkſhire, expreſſed ; and made fuch. Proviſion
the remaining of thoſe Perſons there, for the Army, that it wanted nothing
were thought a good Expedient to ga- it could deſire ;' the Mayor taking Care
ther a Body of Engliſh, which the King for the preſent Proviſion of Shoes and
extremely deſir'd: And if they found Stockings, thé Want whereof, in ſo
any great. Difficulties, they were to long a March,' was very apparent'and
Body of near two hun The Army liked their Quarter's here
dred Horſe, conſiſting, for the moſt ſo well, that neither Officer, nor Sol.
part, of Officers and Gentlemen ; dier was in any Degree willing to quit
which depriv'd the Army of a Strength them, till they thould be throughly
they wanted's and was afterwards ac refreih'd: Worceſter was a very good
knowledged to be a Counſel too ſud- Poft, feated almoſt in the middle of
denly enter'd upon.,
the Kingdom, and in as fruitful a
Upon Appearance of that Body of Country as any Patt of it. It was a
Lambert's, the whole Army was drawn Place where the King's Friends might
up, and appear'd very chearful. The repair, if they had the Affections they
King having obſerv'd David Leſley, pretended to haves and it was a Place
throughout the whole March, fad and where he might defend himſelf, if the
melancholy, and, at that Time when Enemy would attack him, with many
the Enemy retir’d, and plainly in a Advantages, and could not be com-
quicker Pace than a good Retreat uſed pelld to engage his-Army in a Battle,
to be made, Now in giving Orders, till Cromwell had gotten Men enough
and reſiding by himſelf, his Majeſty to encompaſs him on all Sides, · Theſe
rode up'to him, and aſk'd him, with Confiderations produced the Reſolu-
great Alacrity, How be could be ſadition to provide, in the beſt manner,
when he was it the Head of fo breve an to expect Cromwell there; and a Hope
Army ? and demanded of him, How that he might be delay'd by other Di-
be liked them piTo which David Lefley verſions: And there was like to be
anſwer'd hirn.'in his Ear, being at Time enough to caſt up ſuch Works
fame Diſtance from any dther, That upon the Hill' before the Town, as
be was melancholly indeed, for be well. might keep the Enemy at a Diſtance,
knew that Army, how well' foever it. and their own Quarters from being
looked, would not fight : Which the ſuddenly ſtreightend: All which was
King imputed to the chagrin of his recommended to General Lefley to take
Humour, and gave ir no Credit, nor care of, and to take ſuch a perfect
told ic to any Man till "Tome Years af.. View of the Ground, that no Advan
tage might be loſt when the Time re-
There was a ſmall Gárrifon in quird it. The firſt ill. Omen that
Shrewſbury.commanded by a Gentle-. happen’d, was the News of the Defeat
man, whb, it was thought; might be of the Earl of Dreby; and the total De-,
ſtruction
ter.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 555
ſtruction of thoſe gallant Perſons who faulted him, was kill'd upon. tlie
accompanied him. The Earl of Derby Place; and ſo was Sir Thomas Tildeſley,
within two or three Days after he had and many other gallant Gentlemen,
left the King, with a Body of near two very few eſcaping to carry News of
hundred Horſe, all gallant Men, im- the Defeat. Sir William Throckmorton,
ploy'd his Servants and Tenants, to whº had been formerly Major General
give the Country Notice of his ſtaying of the Marquis of Newcaſtle's Army,
behind the King, to head and com- and was left to command in the ſame
mand thofe Perſons who ſhould repair Function, receiv'd ſo many Wounds,
to his Service; which the quick March that he was look'd upon as dead, and
his Majeſty made through the Country not fit to be carried away with the
would not permit them to do. In Priſoners : And ſo fell into ſuch cha-
Expectation of a good Appearance of ritable and generous Hands in the
the People, he went to a little Market Town, that being believ'd to be dead,
Town, call'd Wigam in Lancaſhire, he was 'afterwards ſo well recoverd,
where he ſtay'd that Night; when in though with great Maims and Loſs of
the Morning a Regiment or two of Blood, that he at laſt got himſelf
the Militia of the Neighbour Counties, tranſported into Holland; where he
and ſome other Troops. of the Army, was, at firſt Appearance, 'taken ifor a
commanded by a Man of Courage, Ghoſt, all Men believing him to have
whom Cromwell had ſent to follow in been buried long before. Moſt of
the King's March to gather up the thoſe who were taken Priſoners, of any
Straglers, and ſuch as were not able to Quality, were afterward. facrificed as
keep pace with the Army, having re- ja Spectacle to the People; and barbd-
ceived ſome Advertiſement that a rouſly put to Death in ſeveral Places;
Troop of the King's Horſe were behind ſome, with the Earl of Derby; and
the Army in that Town, fell very early others, near the ſame Time, in other
into it, before the Perſons in the Town Places,
were out of their Beds, having Afſu When the News of this Defeat came
rance upon all the Enquiry they could to Worceſter, as it did even almoſt as
make, that there was no Enemy. near fuon as the King came thither, it ex-
them. Nor indeed was there any Sul- ceedingly amicted: his Majeſty, and
picion of thoſe Forces, which confilted abated miuch of the Hope he had of a
of the ſeveral Troops of the ſeveral general Riſing of the People on his Be-
Counties, iwith others of the Army, half. His Army was very little in
and paſſed that Way by Accident. As creaſed by the Acceſs of any Engliſh;
many as could get to their Horſes, and though he had paſſed near the
preſently mounted; they who could Habitation of many Perſons of Honour
not, put themſelves together on Foot, and Quality, whoſe . Affections and
and all endeavour'd. to keep the Ene- Loyalty had been eminent, not a Mán
my from entring into the Town; and of them repair'd to him. The Senſe
the few who got on Horſeback, of their former Sufferings remain'd,
charg'd them with great Courage. But and the Smart was not over; nor did
the Number of the Enemy was too his Stay in Worceſter for ſo many
great, and the Town too opens to put Days add any reſort to his Court. The
a Stop to them in any one Place, wheri Gentlemen of the Country whom his
they could enter at ſo many, and en- coming thithet. had redeemd from
compaſs thoſe who oppoſed them. The Impriſonment, remain'd ſtill with him,
Earl of. Derby, after his Horſe had and were “ufeful to him ; they who
been kill'd under nim; make'a fhift to were in their Houſes in the Country,
mount again ; and ſo, with a ſmall though as well affected, remain'd
Party of Horſe, through many Diffil there; and came not to him; and
culties and Dangers, eſcaped wounded though Letters from London had gi-
to the King to Worceſter:
ven him cauſe to believe that many
The Lord Witbrington, after he had prepared to come to him, which for
receiv'd many Wounds, and given as ſome Days! they might eaſily have
many, and merited his Death by the done, none appear’d, except only fome
Vengeance he took upon thoſe who af few Gentlemen, and ſome common
?
Men
556
1
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion :
Men, who had formerly ſerv'd the Party in the Countries : So that he
late King, and repaired again to Wor- ' was already very much ſuperior, if not
cefter.
double in Number to the Army the
There were ſome other Accidents King. had with hini. Hoivever, it
and Obſervations which adminiſter'd thoſe Rules had been obſerv'd,' thoſe
Matter of. Mortification to the King. Works caſt up, and that Order in
Major-General..Maſley, who thought quartering their Men, as were reſolvu
himſelf now in his own Territory, and upon 'when the King came thither,
that all between Worceſter and Glocefter there muſt have been a good' Defence
would be quickly his own Conqueſt, 'made, and the Advantages :of the
knowing every ſtep, both by Land Ground, the River, and the Citý,
and the River, went out with a Party would have preſerv?d them from being
to fecure a. Paſs, which the Enemy prefently overrun. But, alas ! the
. imight make over the River ; :which he Army was in Amazement and Confu-
did very well:; but would then make a fion. Cromwell;:, without troubling
further 'inroad into the Country, and himſelf with the Formality' of:a-Siege,
poffefs a Houle which was of ſmall .march'd directly on'as to a. Prey, and
Importance, and in which there were poffefs’d the Hill and all other Places
Men to defend it; where he receiv'd of Advantage, withivery little Oppa-
a very dangerous Wound, i that tore his Sition. It was upon the third of Sep-
Arinánd Hand, in ſuch manner that tember, when the King having been
he was in grear Torment, and could upon his Horſe moſt part of the
not ftir out of his Bed; in:a Time when Night, and having takén a full View
his Activity and Induſtry was moſt of the. Enemy, and every body, being
wanted. By this Meañs, the Paſs he supon the Poft, they were appointed,
had ſecured, was either totallyi neglect and the Enemysñaking ſuch a Stand,
ed, or not enôugh taken care:Yor. that it was concluded! :he meant to
There was no good Underſtanding make no Attempt then, and if he
between the Officers of the Army : ſhould he might be repell’d with Eaſe;
David. Leſley appeard difpirited, and his Majeſty, a little: before: Noon, re-
confounded';. gave, àndi revoked his tired to his Lodging to eat, and refreſh
Orders, and ſometimes, contradicted himſelf: Where he had not been
.them. : He did not love Middleton, near an Hours when the Alarm came,
and was vety jealous chat: all the Of That both. Armies were i engaged; and
-cers lov?d him too well.;. who was in though his Majeſty's own. Horfe was
deed an excellent Officer, and kept up ready at the Door, and he preſently
the Spirits of the reſt, who had no mounted, beforez: cor' as ſoon as he
Efteený of LpNay. In:this very unhap came out of the; City; he met the
py Diftemper was the Court, and the whole Body of his Horſe running in ſo
Army, in a Seaſon when they were great Diſorder, that he could not ſtop
ready to be ſwallow'd by: the Power them, thought he uſed all the Means
and Multitude of the Enemy, and he could and called to many Officers
when nothing could preſerve thém, by their Names ; "and hardly preſerv'd
but..the moſt ſincere Unicy in their himfelf, by letting them paſs:by, from
Prayers.co God, and a joynd Concurs being oyerthrown and overrun by
rence in their Counfels and! Endead them.,
vours; in all
, which they were milera; L.Cromwell hadrüſed none of the De-
bly divided...
laýn nor. Circumſpection: which : was
The King had been ſeveral. Days in imagin?d.;. but directed the Troops to
Worceſter, when Cronachelli.was:known fallion in all (Places at once; and had
to be within half a Day's March,, with cauſed:a ftrong Party: to go over the
an Addition of very many Regiments River at the Paſsgii which Maſſey had
of Horſe and Foot to thoſe which he formerly
, ſecured at a good Diſtance
had brought with him from Scalland; from the Town. And that being not
and many other Regiments were drawi át all:guarded; they were never known
ing towards him of the Militia of the to be on that Sider the River. cill they
ſeveral Counties, under the Command were:even-ready to charge the King's
of the principal Gençleinert; of their Troops. On thau Part:where Middle-
.
3
i
ton
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
557
ton was, and with whom Duke Hamil. Though the King could not get a
ton charged, there was a very brave Body of Horſe to fight, he could have
Reſiſtance ; and they charged the E too many to fly with hini; and he had
nemy ſo vigorouſly, that they beat the not been many Hours from Worceſter,
Body that charged them back, but when he found about him near, if not
they were quickly overpower'd ; and above, four thouſand of his Horſe.
many Gentlemen being kill'd, and There was David Leſley with all his
Duke Hamilton's Leg broke with a own Equipage, as if he had not filed
Shot, the reſt were forced to retire upon the ſudden; ſo that good Order,
and ſhift for themſelves. In no other and Regularity, and Obedience,
Part was there Reſiſtance made; but might yet have made a Retreat even
ſuch a general Confternation poffefſed into Scotland itſelf. But there was
the whole Army, that the reſt of the Paleneſs in every Man's Looks, and
Horſe fled, and all thel'Foot threw Jealouſy, and Confuſion, in their Fa-
down their Arms before they were ces; and ſcarce any Thing could worſe
charged. When the King came back befall the King, than a Return into
into the Town, he found a good Body Scotland; which yet he could not rea-
of Horſe, which had been perſwaded ſonably promiſe to himſelf in that Com-
to make a Stand, though much the pany. But when the Night cover'd
major part paſſed through upon the them, he found Means to withdraw
Spur. The King deſired thoſe who himſelf with one or two of his own
ſtaid, That they would follow him, that Servants; whom he likewiſe diſcharg-
they might look upon the Enemy, who, ed when it began to be light; and
be believ’d, did not purſue them. But after he had made them cut off his
when his Majeſty had gone a little Hair, he betook himſelf alone into
Way, he found moſt of the Horſe. an adjacent Wood, and relied only
were gone the other Way, and that he upon Him for his Preſervation, who
had none but a few Servants of his alone could, and did miraculouſly de-
own about him. Then he ſent to have liver him.
the Gates of the Town ſhut, that none When it was Morning, and the
might get in one Way, nor out the Troops, which had march'd all Night,
other : But all was Confuſion; there and who knew that when it begun to
were few.to command, and none to be dark the King was with them,
obey : So that the King ſtaid, 'till found now that he was not there, they
very many of the Enemy's Horſe en- cared leſs for each others Company; ;
ter'd the Town, and then he was per- and moſt of them who were Engliſh
ſwaded to withdraw himſelf.
ſeparated themſelves, and went into
Duke Hamilton fell into the Enemy's other Roads; and wherever twenty
Hands; and, the next Day, died of Horſe appeard of the Country, which
his Wounds; and thereby prevented the was now awake, and upon their Guard
being made a Spectacle, as his Brother to ſtop and arreſt the Runaways, the
had been ; which the Pride and Ani- whole Body of the Scotiſh Horſe would
moſity of his Enemies would no doubt fly, and run ſeveral Ways; and twenty
have cauſed to be, having the fame of them would give themſelves Priſoners
Pretence for it by his being a Peer of to two Country Fellows: However,
England, as the other was.
David Leſley reach'd Yorkſhire with a-
As the Victory coſt the Enemy little bove fifteen hundred Horſe in a Body.
Blood, ſo after it there was not much But the Jealouſies increas'd every Day;
Cruelty uſed to the Priſoners who were and thoſe of his own Country were ſo
taken upon the Spot. But very many unſatisfied with his whole Conduct and
of thoſe who run away, were every Behaviour, that they did, that is,
Day knocked on the Head by the many of them, believe that he was cor-
Country People, and uſed with Bar. rupted by Cromwell; and the reſt,
barity. Towards the King's menial who did not think ſo, believ'd him
Servants, whereof moſt were taken, not to underſtand his Profeſſion, in
there was nothing of Severity ; but which he had been bred from his Cra-
within few Days they were all diſ- dle. When he was in his Flight,
charged, and ſet at Liberty.
conſidering one · Morning with the
161
prin-
7 B
558
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
principal Perſons, which way they and pne him to Death in a Town of
Ihould take, ſome propoſed this, and his own, againſt which he had exprel-
others that Way; Sir William Armorer ſed a ſevere Diſpleaſure for their obſti-
aſk'd him, Which Way he thought beſt? nate Rebellion againſt the King, with
which when he had named; the other all the Circumſtances of Rudeneſs and
faid, be would then go the other; for, Barbarity they could invent.
The
he ſwore, he had betray'd the King and fame Night, one of thoſe who was
the Army all the Time ; and fo left
him. amongſt his Judges, ſent a Trumpet.
Well nigh all of them in this long to the Ine of Man with a Letter di-
Flight were taken, and amongſt them rected to the Counteſs of Derby, by
the Earl of Lautherdale, and many of which he required her, to deliver up
the Scotiſh Nobility, and the Earls of the Caſtle and Iſland to the Parliament :
Cleveland and Derby, and divers other Nor did their Malice abate, till they
Men of Quality of the Engliſh Nation. had reduced that Lady, a Woman of
And it is hard to be believ'd how very very high and princely Extraction,
few of that numerous Body return'd being the Daughter of the Duke de
into Scotland. Upon all the Enquiry Tremouille in France, and of the moſt
that was made, when moſt of the falſe exemplary Virtue and Piety of her
and treacherous Actions which had Time, and that whole moſt: noble Fa-
been committed were diſcover'd, there 'mily, to the loweſt Penury and Want,
appear'd no Cauſe to ſuſpect that Da- by diſpoſing, giving, and ſelling, all
vid Leſley had been unfaithful in his the Fortune and Eſtate that ſhould
Charge : Though he never recover'd ſupport it.
any. Reputation with thoſe of his own A little before this the Prince of O.
Country who wedded the King's In- range died of the Small Pox, and left
tereft. . And ic was ſome Vindication the Princeſs with Child, and very near
to him, that from the Time of his Im- her Time; who was brought to bed of
priſonment, he never receiv’d any Fa a Son within few Days after his De-
vour, from the Parliamerit, whoni he ceale ;' whoſe Death was a great Loſs
had ſervd fo long; nor from Croma to the 'King of Great Britain.
well, in whoſe Company he had ſervid; They of the King's Friends in Flan-
but underwent all the Severities and ders, France, and Holland, who had
long Impriſonment, the reſt of his not been perimitted to attend
upon
his
Countrymen ſuffer'd. The King did Majeſty in Scotland, were much exalted
not believe him falfe; and did always with the News of his being enter'd
think him an excellent Officer of England with a powerful Army, and
Horſe, to diſtribute and execute Or: being poſſeſſed of Worceſter, which
ders, but in no Degree capable of made all Men prepare to make Hafte
commanding in chief. And without thither. But they were confounded
doubt he was ſo amaz'd in that fatal with the News of that fatal Day, and
Day,' that he perform'd not the Ofiċe more confounded with the various Re-
of a General, or of any competent ports of the Perſon of the King, Of
Officer.
his being found amongſt the Dead; of his
The Earl of Derby was a Man of being Priſoner ; and all thoſe Imagi-
unqueſtionable Loyalty, and gave clear nations which' naturally attend upon
Teltimony of it before he receiv'd any ſuch unproſperous Events. Many who
Obligations from the Court, and when had made Eſcapes, arriv'd every Day
he thought himſelf diſobliged by it. in France, Flanders, and Holland, but
The King's Army was no ſooner de knew no more what was become of
feated at Worceſter, but the Parliament the King, than they did who had not
renew'd their old Method of murder- been ir. England. The only Comfort
ing in cold Blood, and ſent a Com- that any of them brought, was, that
miſſion to erect a High Court of Jų- he was amongſt thoſe that fled, and
ſtice to Perſons of ordinary Quality, ſome of them
had ſeen him that Even-
many not being Gentlemen, and all no- ing after the Battle, many Miles out
toriouſly his Enemies, to try the Earl of Worceſter. Theſe unſteady Degrees
of Derby for his Treaſon and Rebellion; ºf Hope and Fear tormented them
which they eaſily found him guilty of; very long; ſometimes they heard he
was
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 5592
was at the Hague witk his Siſter, many who came purpoſely into the
which was occaſion'd by the Arrival Wood to look after them, and heard
of the Duke of Buckingham in Holland; all their Diſcourſe, how they would
and it was thought good Policy to pub- uſe the King himſelf if they could take
liſh that the King himſelf was landed, him. This Wood was either in, or
that the Search after him in England upon the Borders of Staffordſhire ; and
might be diſcontinued. But it was though there was a Highway near one
quickly known that he was not there, Side of it, where the King had enter'd
nor in any Place on that Side of the into it, yet it was large, and all other
Sea. And this Anxiety of Mind dif- Sides of it open’d amongſt Incloſures,
quieted the Hearts of all honeſt Men and Careleſs was not unacquainted with
during the whole Months of September the Neighbour Villages, and it was
and October, and Part of November; part of the King's good Fortune, that
in which Month his Majeſty was this Gentleman by being a Roman Cil-
known to be at Roan; where he made tholick, was acquainted with thoſe of
himſelf known, and ſtay'd ſome Days that Profeſſion of all Degrees, who had
to provide Cloaths; and from thence the beſt Opportunities of concealing
gave Notice to the Queen of his Ar- him. For it muſt never be denied, thac
rival.
ſome of that Religion had a very great
It is great Pity that there was never Share in his Majeſty's Preſervation.
a Journal made of that miraculous De The Day being ſpent in the Tree, ir
liverance, in which there might be was not in the King's Power to forget
Teen ſo many viſible Impreſſions of the that he had liv'd two Days with eating
immediate Hand of God. When the very little, and two Nights with as
Darkneſs of the Night was over, after little Sleep; ſo that when the Night
the King had caſt himſelf into that came, he was willing to make ſome
Wood, he diſcern'd another Man, Proviſion for both : They walked
who had gotten upon an Oak in the through the Wood' into thoſe Inclo-
ſame Wood, near the Place where the fures which were fartheſt from any
King had refted himſelf, and had ſlept Highway, and making a ſhift to get
ſoundly. The Man upon the Tree over Hedges and Ditches, after walk-
had firſt ſeen the King, and knew ing at leaſt eight or nine Miles, which
him, being a Gentleman of the Neigh- were the more grievous to the King by
bour County of Staffordſhire, who had the Weight of his Boots (for he could
ferv'd his late Majeſty during the not put them off, when he cut off his
War, and now been one of the few. Hair, for want of Shoes ) before
who reſorted to the King after his Morning they came to a poor Cot-
coming to Worceſter. His Name was tage, the Owner whereof being a
Carclefs, who had had a Command of Roman Catholick, was known to Care-
Foct, about the Degree of a Captain;. leſs. He was call'd up, and as ſoon
under the Lord Loughborough. He as he knew one of them, he eaſily con-
perſwaded the King, ſince it could cluded in what Condition they both
not be fafe for him to go out of the were; and preſently carried them into
Wood, and that as ſoon as it ſhould a little Barn, full of Hay; which was
be fully light, the Wood itſelf would a better Lodging than he had for him-
probably be viſited by thoſe of the ſelf. But when they were there, and!
Country, who would be ſearching to had conferr'd with their Hoſt of the
find thoſe whom they might make Pri- News and Temper of the Country, it
foners, that he would get up into that was agreed that the Danger would be
Tree, where he had been; where the greater if they ſtay'd together ; and
Boughs were fo thick with Leaves, therefore that Careleſs ſhould preſently
that a Man would not be diſcover'd be gone; and ſhould within two Days
there without a narrower Enquiry than ſend an honeſt Man to the King; to
People uſually make in Places which guide him to ſome other Place of Se-
they do not ſuſpect. The King thought curity; and in the mean Time his
it good Counſel; and, with the others Majeſty ſhould ſtay upon the Hay-
Help, climb'd into the Tree; where
mow.
The poor Man had nothing
they fat all that Day, and ſecurely fay for him to eat, but promiſed him good
Butter-
560
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
then on.
Butter. Milk; and ſo he was once more cover'd by any Mark in Diſguiſes, than
left alone, his Companion, how weary by having fine Linnen in ill Cloaths ;
ſoever, departed from him before and ſo he parted with his Shirt too,
Day, the poor Man of the Houſe and took the fame his poor Hoft had
knowing no more, than that he was a
Though he had foreſeen
Friend of the Captain's, and one of that he muſt leave his Boots, and his
thoſe who had eſcaped from Worceſter. Landlord had taken the beſt Care he
The King ſlept very well in his Lodg- could to provide an old Pair of Shoes,
ing, till the Time that his Hoſt brought yet they were not eaſy to him when he
him a Piece of Bread, and a great Pot firſt put them on, and, in a ſhort Time
of Butter-Milk, which he thought the after, grew very grievous to him. In
beſt Food he ever had eaten. The this Equipape he ſet out from his firſt
poor Man ſpoke very intelligently to Lodging in the Beginning of the
him of the Country, and of the Peo- Night, under the Conduct of his
ple who were well or ill affected to the Guide ; who guided him the neareſt
King, and of the great Fear and Ter- Way, croſſing over Hedges and
ror, that poſſeſſed the Hearts of thoſe Ditches, that they might be in leaſt
who were beſt affected. He told him, Danger of meeting Paſſengers. This
That be kimſelf liv'd by his daily La- was ſo grievous a March, and he was
bour, and that what he had brought him ſo tired, that he was even ready to de-
was the Fare he and his Wife bad; and ſpair, and to prefer being taken and
that be fear'd, if he should endeavour to ſuffer'd to reſt, before purchaſing his
procure better, it might draw Suſpicion Safety at that Price. His Shoes had,
upon him, and People might be apt to after a few Miles, hurt him ſo much,
think he had some body with him that that he had thrown them away, and
was not of his own Family. However, walked the reſt of the Way in his ill
if he would have him get ſome Meat, Stockings, which were quickly worn
he would do it ; but if he could bear out; and his Feet, with the Thorns
this hard Diet, be ſhould have enough in getting over Hedges, and with the
of the Milk, and ſome of the Butter that Stones in other Places, were ſo hurt
was made with it. The King was fa- and wounded, that he many Times
tisfied with this Reaſon, and would not caſt himſelf upon the Ground, with a
run the Hazard for a Change of Diet; deſperate and obftinate Reſolution to
deſir'd only the Man, That he might reſt there till the Morning, that he
have his Company as often, and as much might ſnift with leſs Torment, what
as he could give it him; there being Hazard foever he run.
the ſame Reaſon againſt the poor But his ſtout Guide ftill prevailed
Man's diſcontinuing his Labour, as with him to make a new Attempt,
the Alteration of his Fare.
ſometimes promiſing that the Way
After he had refted upon this Hay- ſhould be better, and ſometimes aſſur-
mow, and fed upon this Diet two Days ing him that he had but little farther
and two Nights, in the Evening be to go: And in this Diſtreſs and Per-
fore the third Night, another Fellow, plexity, before the Morning, they ar-
a little above the Condition of his rivd at the Houſe deſign'd; which
Hoft, came to the Houſe, ſent from though it was better than that which
Careleſs, to conduct the King to ano he had left, his lodging was ſtill in the
ther Houſe, more out of any Road Barn, upon Straw inſtead of Hay, a
near which any part of the Army was Place being made as eaſy in it, as the
like to march. It was above twelve Expectation of a Gueſt could diſpoſe
Miles that he was to go, and was to it. Here he had ſuch Meat and Por-
uſe the ſame Caution he had done the ridge as ſuch People uſe to have; with
firſt Night, not to go in any common which, and eſpecially with the Butter
Road; which his Guide knew well and the Cheeſe, he thought himſelf
how to avoid. Here he new dreffed well feafted ; and took the beſt Care
himſelf, changing Cloaths with his he could to be ſupplied with other,
Landlord; he had a great mind to little better Shoes and Stockings: And
have kept his own Shirt, but he con after his Feet were enough recover'd
ſider'd, that Men are not ſooner dif- that he could go, he was conducted
from
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I:
566
1
from thence to another poor Houſe, uſed fome Diligence to find out where she
within ſuch a Diſtance as put him not King was, that he might get him to his
to much Trouble : For. having not Houſe; where, he was ſure, be could
yet in his Thought which Way, or by conceal him till be might contrivę a full
what Means to make his Eſcape, all Deliverance. He told him, He had
that was deſign'd was only by ſhifting withdrawn from that Houſe, in hope
from one Houſe to another, to avoid that he might, in ſome other Place, diſ-
Diſcovery. And being now in that cover where his Majeſty was, and hav.
Quarter which was more inhabited by ing now happily-found him, adviſed bim
the Roman Catholicks than moſt other to repair to that Houſe which ſtood not
Parts in England, he was led from one near, any other.
to another of thạt Perſwaſion, and The King enquired of the Monk of
conceald with great Fidelity. But he the Reputation of this Gentleman; who
then obſerv'd, that he was never car told him That he had a fair Eſtate ;
ried to any Gentleman's Houſe, though was exceedingly belov'd; and the eldeſt
that County was full of them, but on. Juſtice of Peace of that County of Staf-
ly to poor Houſes of poor Men, which ford; and though he was a very zealous
only yielded him Reſt with very un- Proteſtant, yet be liv'd with ſo much
pleaſant Suſtenåncé ; whether there Civility and Candour towards the Ca-
was more Danger in thoſe better Hou- tholicks, that they would all truſt him,
ſes, in regard of the Reſort, and the as much as they would do any of their
many Servants; or whether the Owners own Profeſſion; and that he could not
of great Eftates, were the Owners like think of any Place of ſo good Repoſe and
wiſe of more Fears and Apprehenſions. Security for his Majeſty's Repair to. The
Within few Days a very honeſt and King liked the Propoſition, yet thought
diſcreet Perſon, one Mr. Hudleſtone, not fit to ſurprize the Gentleman; but
a Benedictine Monk, who attended fent Wilmot thither again, to aſſure
the Service of the Roman Catholicks in himſelf that he might be receiv’d
thoſe Parts, came to him, ſent by there, and was willing that he ſhould
Careleſs; and was a very great Amitt know what Gueſt he receiv’d; which
ance and Comfort to him. And when hitherto was ſo much concealed, that
the Places to which he carried him, none of the Houſes where he had yet
were at too great a Diſtance to walk, been, knew, or ſeem'd to ſuſpect more
he provided him a Horſe, and more that that he was one of the King's
proper Habic than the Rags he wore. Party that Aed from Worceſter. The
This Man told him, That the Lord Monk carried him to a Houſe at a rea-
Wilmot lay conceald likewiſe in a ſonable Diſtance, where he was to ex-
Friend's Houſe of bis ; which bis Ma-, pect an Account from the Lord Wila
jeſty was very glad of; and wiſhed him mot ;. who return’d very punctually,
to contrive fome Means, how they might with as much Affurance of welcome as
Speak together; which the other eaſily he could wiſh. And ſo they two went
did ; and, within a Night or two, together to Mr. Lane's Houſe ; where
brought them into one place. Wilmot the King found he was welcome, and
told the King, That be had by very conveniently accommodated in ſuch
good Fortune, fallen into the Houſe of Places, as in a large Houſe had been
an honeſt Gentleman, one · Mr. Lane, a provided to conceal the Perſons of Ma-
Perſon of an excellent Reputation for lignants, or to preſerve Goods of Value
bis Fidelity to the King, but of so uni- from being plunder’d. Here he lodg'd,
verſal and general a good Name, that, and eat very well; and begun to hope
though he had a son, who had been a that he was in preſent Safety. Wilmot
Colonel in the King's Service, during return'd under the Care of the Monk,
the late War, and was then upon bis and expected Summons, when any
Way with Men to Worceſter the very farther Motion ſhould be thought to
Day of the Defeat, Men of all Affections be neceſſary.
in the Country, and of all Opinions, In this Station' the King remain’d in
paid the old Man a very great Reſpect : Security many Days, receiving, every
That he had been very civily treated Day Information of the general Con-
there, and that the old Gentleman bad fternation the Kingdom was in, oùt of
162
the
7C
i
562
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
3
to bear
the Apprehenſion that his Perſon ing; and they need not now contrive
might fall into the Hands of his Ene- to come to their journey's End about
mies, and of the great Diligence they the Cloſe of the Evening, for it was in
uſed to enquire for him. He ſaw the the Month of OEtober far advanced,
Proclamation that was iſſued and print. that the long Journeys they made
ed; in which a thouſand Pounds were could not be diſpatched ſooner. Here
promiſed to any Man who would de- the Lord Wilmot found them; and
liver and diſcover the Perſon of Charles their Journies being then adjuſted, he
Stuart, and the Penalty of High Trea was inſtructed where he ſhould be every
fon declared againſt thoſe who pre. Night : So they were ſeldom ſeen to-
ſum'd to harbour or conceal him : By_gether in the Journey, and rarely
which he ſaw how much he was be- lodg'd in the ſame Houſe at Night.
holden to all thoſe who were faithful In this Manner the Colonel hawk'á
to him. It was now Time to conſider two or three Days, till he had brought
how he might get near the Sea, from them within leſs than a Days Journey
whence he might find Means to tranf- of Mr. Norton's Houſe; and then he
port himſelf: Upon this Matter he gave his Hawk to the Lord Wilmot
communicated with thoſe of this Fa- who continued the Journey in the ſame
mily to whon he was known, that is, Exerciſe.
with the old Gentleman the Father, There was great Care taken when
the Colonel his eldeſt Son, and a they came to any Houſe, that the King
Daughter of the Houſe, of a very might be preſently carried into ſome
good Wit and Diſcretion, and very fit Chamber; Mrs. Lane declaring, That
any
Part in ſuch a Truſt. he was a Neighbour's Son, whom his
Mr. Lane had a Niece, or very near Fatbér bad lent her to ride before her,
Kinſwoman, who was married to a in hope that be would the ſooner recover
Gentleman, one Mr. Norton, a Perſon from, a. Quartan Ague, with which he
of eight or nine hundred Pounds per had been miſerably afflięted, and was
annum, who liv'd within four or five, not yet free. And by this 'Artifice ſhe
Miles of Briſtol, which was at leaſt cauſed a good Bed to be ſtill provided
four or five Days Journey from the for him, and the beſt Meat to be fent;
Place where the King then was, but a, which ſhe often carried herſelf, to hin-
Place moſt to be wilh'd for the King, der others from doing it. There was
to be in, becauſe he did not only know no reſting in any Place till they came
all that Country very well, but knew to Mr. Norton's, nor any Thing ex-
many Perſons alſo, to whom, in an traordinary that happen'd in the Way,
extraordinary Cafe, he durft make fave that they met many people every
himſelf known. It was hereupon re- Day in the Way, who were very well
ſolv'd, that Mrs. Lane ſhould viſit known to the King; and the Day that
this Couſin, who was known to be of they went to Mr. Norton's, they were
good Affections : And that ſhe ſhould neceffarily to ride quite through the
ride behind the King; who was fitted City of Briſtol, a Place, and People,
with Cloaths and Boots for ſuch a Ser- the King had been ſo well acquainted
vice; and that a Servant of her Fa- with, that he could not but lend his
ther's, in his Livery, ſhould wait upon Eyes abroad to view the great Altera-
her. A good Houſe was eaſily pitch'd tions which had been made there, after
upon for the firſt Night's Lodging; his Departure from thence: And when
where Wilmot' had Notice given him he rode near the Place where the great
to meet. And in this Equipage the Fort had ſtood, he could not forbear
King begun his Journey, the Colonel putting his Horſe out of the Way,
keeping him Company at a Diſtance, and rode with his Miſtreſs behind him
with a Hawk upon his Fiſt, and two round about it.
or three Spaniels; which, where there They came to Mr. Norton's Houſe
were any Fields at hand, warranted ſooner than uſual, and it being on a
him to ride out of the Way, keeping Holyday, they ſaw many People about
his Company ſtill in his Eye, and not a Bowling-Green that was before the . :
ſeeming to be of it. If this Manner Door, and the firſt Man the King ſaw
they came to their firft Night's Lodge was a Chaplain of his own, who was
ally'd
A
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
563
!
ally'd to the Gentleman of the Houſe, conjur'd him, not to ſpeak of what be
and was ſitting upon the Rails to ſee knew, so much as to bis Maſter, though
how the Bowlers play'd. William, by be believ’t bim a very honest Man.
which name the King went, walk'd The Fellow promiſed, and kept his
with his Horſe into the Stable, until Words and the King was the better
his Miſtreſs.could provide for his Re- waited upon during the Time of his
treat. Mrs. Lane was very welcome Abode there.
to her Couſin, and was preſently con Dr. Gorges, the King's Chaplain,
ducted to her Chamber; where ſhe no being a Gentleman of a good Family
ſooner was, than ſhe lamented the near that Place, and ally'd to Mr.
Condition of a good Youth, who came Norton, ſupp'd with them, and being
with her, and whom he bad borrow'd a Man of a chearful Converſation,
of bis Father to ride before ber, who aſk'd Mrs. Lane many Queſtions con-
was very ſick, being newly recover'd of cerning William, of whom he ſaw ſhe
on Ague ; and deſir'd ber Couſin, that was ſo careful by ſending up Meat to
a Chamber might be provided for him, him, How long his Ague bad been gone?
and a good Fire made : For that he and whether he had purged ſince it left
would go early to Bed, and was not fit him? and the like ; to which ſhe gave
to be below Stairs. A pretty little ſuch Anſwers as occurr'd. The Doc-
Chamber was preſently, made ready, tor, from the final Prevalence of the
and a Fire prepared, and a Boy ſent Parliament, had, as many others of
into the Stable to call William, and to that Function had done, declined his
ſhew him his Chamber ; who was very Profeſſion, and pretended to ſtudy
glad to be there, freed from ſo much Phyſick. As ſoon as Supper was done,
Company as was below. Mrs. Lane out of good Nature, and without tela
was put to find ſome Excuſe for mak- ling any Body, he went to ſee William.
ing à Viſit at that Time of the Year, The King ſaw him coming into the
and ſo many Days Journey from her Chamber, withdrew to the inſide of
Father, and where ſhe had never been the Bed, that he might be fartheſt
before, though the Miſtreſs of the from the Candle, and the Doctor came,
Houſe and ſhe had been bred together, and fate down by him, felt his Pulſe,
and Friends as well as Kindred. She and aſk'd him many Queſtions, which
pretended, That he was, after a little he anſwer'd in as few words as was
Reſt, to go into Dorſetſhire to another poſſible, and expreſſing great Inclina-
Friend. When it was Supper time, tion to go to his Beds to which the
there being Broth brought to the Ta- Doctor left him, and went to Mrs.
ble, Mrs. Lane fill'd a little Diſh, and Lane, and told her, That he had been
deſir'd the Butler, who waited at the with William, and that be would do
Table, To carry that Diſh of Porridge well; and adviſed her, what ſhe ſhould
to William, and to tell him that he do if his Ague return'd. The next
ſhould have ſome Meat ſent to him pre- Morning, the Doctor went away, ſo
fently. The Butler carried the Porridge that the King faw him no more. The
into the Chamber with a Napkin, and next Day the Lord Wilmot came to his
Spoon, and Bread, and ſpoke kindly Houſe with the Hawk, to fee Mrs.
to the young Man ; who was willing Lane, and ſo conferr'd with William ;
to be eating.
who was to conſider what he was to do.
The Butler looking narrowly upon After ſome Days Stay here, and
him, fell upon his Knees, , and with Communication between the King and
Tears told him, He was glad to ſee his the Lord Wilmot by Letters, the King
Majeſty. The King was infinitely ſur- came to know that Colonel Windham
prized, yet recollected himſelf enough liv'd within little more than a Days
to laugh at the Man, and to aſk him, Journey of the Place where he was ;
What he meant? The Man had been of which he was very glad ; this Gen-
Falconer to Sir Thomas Jermyn, and tleman had behaved himſelf very well
made it appear that he knew well during the War, and had been Gover.
enough to whom he ſpoke, repeating nor of Dunſtar Caſtle, where the King
fome Particulars, which the King had had lodg'd when he was in the Welt.
not forgot. Whereupon the King After the End of the War, when all
other
+
***
564
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
other Places were ſurrender'd in that Maſter of a Bark, of whoſe Honeſty
County, he likewiſe ſurrender'd that, this Captain was very confident. This
upon fair Conditions, and made his Man was lately return'd from France,
Peace, and afterwards married a Wife and had unladen his Vefſel, when El
with a competent Fortune, and liv'd liſon aſk'd him, When he would make
quietly, without any Suſpicion of another Voyage ? And he anſwerd,
having leſſen'd his Affections towards As ſoon as he could get lading for his
the King.
Ship. The other aſk'd, Whether he
The King fent Wilmot to him, and would undertake to carry over a couple
acquainted him where he was, and of Gentlemen, and land them in France,
that he would gladly ſpeak with him. It if he might be as well paid for his
was not hard for to chooſe, a good Voyage as be uſed to be when he was
Place where to meet, and thereupon fraighted by the Merchants. In Con-
the Day was appointed. After the cluſion, he told him, He ſhould receive
King had taken his Leave of Mrs. fifty Pounds for his Fare : The large
Lane, who remain'd with her Couſin Recompenſe had that Effect, that the
Norton, the King, and the Lord Wil Man undertook it; though he ſaid,
mot, met the Colonel ; and, in the He muſt make his Proviſion very ſecretly;
Way, he met in a Town, through for that he might be well ſuſpected for
which they paſſed, Mr. Kirton, a Ser- going to Sea again without being
vant of the King's, who well knew the fraighted, after he was so newly re-
Lord Wilmot, who had no other Dif. turn'd.
guiſe than the Hawk, but took no Colonel Windbam, being advertiſed
Notice of him, nor ſuſpected the King of this, came together with the Lord
to be there ; yet that Day' made the Wilmot to the Captain's Houſe, from
King more wary of having him in his whence the Lord and the Captain rid
Company upon the Way. At the to a Houſe near Lyme ;, where the
Place of Meeting they reſted only one Maſter of the Bark met them; and the
Night, and then the King went to the Lord Wilmot being fatisfied with the
Colonel's Houſe ; where he refted Diſcourſe of the Man, and his Wary-
many Days, whilſt the Colonel pro- neſs in foreſeeing Sufpicions, which
jected at what Place the King might would ariſe, it was reſolv'd that on
embark, and how they might procure ſuch a Night; which, upon Conſide-
a Veffel to be ready there, which was ration of the Týdes, it was agreed
not eaſy to find; there being ſo great upon, the Man ſhould draw out his
a Fear poffeffing thoſe who were ho- Veffel from the Peer, and, being at
neſt, that it was hard to procure any Sea, ſhould come to ſuch a Point about
Veffel that was outward bound to take a Mile from the Town, where his
in any Paſſenger.
Ship ſhould remain upon the Beach
There was a Gentleman, one Mr. when the Water was gone :: Which
Elliſon, who liv'd near Lyme in Dor- would take it off again about break of
ſetſhire, and was well known to Co. Day the next Morning. There was
lonel Windham, having been a Captain very near that Point, even in the View
in the King's Army, andwasſtill look'd of it, a ſmall Inn, kept by a Man who
upon as a very honeſt Man. With was reputed honeſt, to which the Ca-
him the Colonel conſulted, how they valiers of the Country often reſorted ;
might get a Veffel to be ready to take and London Road paſſed that Way; ſo
in a couple of Gentlemen, Friends of that it was ſeldom without Company.,
his, who were in Danger to be arreſted, Into that Inn the two Gentlemen were
and tranſport them into France. Though to come in the Beginning of the Night,
no Man would aſk who the Perſons that they might put themſelves on
were, yet it could not but be ſuſpected board. All Things being thus con-
who they were, at leaſt they con. certed, and good Earneſt given to the
cluded, that it was ſome of Worceſter Maſter, the Lord Wilmot and the Co-
Party. Lyme was generally as mali- lonel return'd to the Colonel's Houſe,
cious and diſaffected a Town to the above a Day's Journey from the Place,
King's Intereſt, as any Town in Eng. the Captain undertaking every. Day to
land could be : Yet there was in it a look that the Maſter Tould provide,
4
and,
1
1
1
im
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 565
and if
any thing féll' out con:rary to had been for ſome Days fuller of
Expectation, to give the Colonel No Thoughts than he uſed to be, and that
tice at ſuch a Place, where they intende he had been ſpeaking with Seamen,
ed the King ſhould be the Day before who uſed to go with him, and that
he was to embark.
ſome of them had carried Proviſions
The King being ſatisfied with theſe on board the Bark; of which ſhe had
Preparations, came at the Time ap- aſk'd her Huſband the Reaſon ; who
pointed, to that Houſe where he was had told her, That he was promiſed
to hear that all went as it ought to do; Fraight ſpeedily, and therefore he would
of whick he receivd Aſſurance from make all Things ready. She was ſure
the Captain ; who found that the Man that there was yet no Lading in the
had honeſtly put his Proviſions on Ship, and therefore, when ſhe ſaw her
board, and had his company ready, Huſband take all thoſe Materials with
which were but four Men; and that him, which was a fure Sign that he
the Veffel ſhould be drawn out that
meant to go to Sea, and it being late
Night; ſo that it was fit for the two in the Night, ſhe ſhut the Door, and
Perſons to come to the aforeſaid Inn, ſwore he ſhould not go out of his
and the Captain conducted them within Houſe. He told her, He muſt go, and
Sight of it; the Colonel remaining was engaged to go to Sea that Night;
ſtill at the Houſe where they had for which he hould be well paid. His
lodg’d the Night before, till he might Wife told him, She was ſure he was
hear the News of their being em- doing ſomewhat that would undo him,
barked.
and she was reſolv'd be ſhould not go out
They found many Paſſengers in the of his Houſe ; and if he ſhould perſiſt in
Inn; and ſo were to be contented with it, he would tell the Neighbours, and
an ordinary Chamber, which they did carry him before the Mayor to be exa-
not intend to ſleep long in. But as min'd, that the Truth might be found
ſoon as there appear'd any Light, out. The poor Man, thus maſter'd
Wilmot went out to diſcover the Bark, by the Paſſion and Violence of his
of which there was no Appearance. Wife, was forced to yield to her, that
In a Word, the Sun aroſe, and nothing there might be no farther Noiſe ; and
like a Ship in View. They ſent to fo went to Bed.
the Captain, who was as much amaz’d; And it was very happy that the
and he ſent to the Town; and his Ser- King's Jealouſy haften’d him from that
vant could not find the Maſter of the Inn. It was the ſolemn Faſt Day,
Bark, which was ſtill in the Peer. which was obſerv'd in thoſe Times,
They ſuſpected the Captain, and the principally to enflame the People
Captain ſuſpected the Maſter. How- againſt the King, and all thoſe who
ever, it being paſt ten of the Clock, were loyal to him, and there was a
they concluded it was not fit for them Chappel in that Village over againſt
to ſtay longer there, and ſo they that Inn, where a Weaver, who had
mounted their Horſes again to return been a Soldier, uſed to preach, and
to the Houſe where they had left the utter all the Villany imaginable againſt
Colonel, who, they knew, reſolv'd to the old Order of Government : And
ſtay there till he were aſſur'd that they he was then in the Chappel preaching
were gone.
to his Congregation, when the King
The Truth of the Diſappointment went from thence, and telling the Peo-
was this ; the Man meant honeſtly, ple, That Charles Stuart was lurking
and made all Things ready for his De- ſomewhere in that Country, and that
parture ; and the Night he was to go they would merit from God Almighty,
out with his Veffel, he had ſtay'd in if they could find him out. The Paſſen-
his own Houſe, and ſlept two or three gers, who had lodgʻd in the Inn that
Hours, and the Time of the Tyde be- Night, had, as ſoon as they were up,
ing come, that it was neceſſary to be ſent for a Smith to viſit their Horſes,
on board, he took out of a Cupboard it being a hard Froſt. The Smith,
ſome Linnen, and other Things, when he had done what he was fent
which he uſed to carry with him to for, according to the Cuſtom of that
Sea. His Wife had obſerv'd, that he People, examin’d the Feet of the other
163
two
7 D
566
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Stuart.
two Horſes to find more Work. ſent now from the Army to their
When he had obferv'd them, he told Quarters, and many Regiments of
the Hoſt of the Houſe, That one of Horſe and Foot were aſſign’d for the
thoſe Florſes had traveld far; and that Weft; of which Diviſion Deſborough
was Commander in chief.
Theſe
he was ſure that his four Shoes bad been
made in four ſeveral Counties; which, Marches were like to laſt for many
whether his Skill was able to diſcover Days, and it would not be fit for the
or no, was very true. The Smith go. King to ſtay ſo long in that Place.
ing to the Sermon told this Story to Thereupon, he reſorted to his old Se-
ſome of his Neighbours ; and ſo it curity of taking a Woman behind
came to the Ears of the Preacher, him, a Kinſwoman of Colonel Wind-
when his Sermon was done. Imme- bam, whom he carried in that Manner
diately he fent for an Officer, and to a Place not far from Saliſbury ; to
ſearch'd the Inn, and enquired for which Colonel Philips conducted him.
thoſe Horſes; and being inform'd that In this Journey he paſſed through the
they were gone, he cauſed Horſes to Middle of a Regiment of Horſe; and,
be ſent to follow them, and to make preſently after, met Deſborough walk-
Enquiry after the two Men who riding down a Hill with three or four
thoſe two Horſes, and poſitively.de- Men with him ; who had lodged in
clar'd, That one of them was Charles Saliſbury the Night before; all that
Road being full of Soldiers.
When they came again to the Co The next Day upon the Plains, Dr.
lonel, they preſently concluded that Hinchman, one of the Prebends of
they were to make no longer Stay in Saliſbury, met the King, the Lord
thoſe Parts, nor any more to endea. Wilmot and Philips then leaving him
vour to find a Ship upon that Coaſt'; to go to the Sea Coaſt to find a Veffel,
and without any farther Delay, they the Doctor conducting the King to a
tode back to the Colonel's Houſe Place called Heale, three" Miles from
where they arriv'd in the Night. Then Saliſbury, belonging then to Serjeant
they reſolv'd to make their next At- Hyde, who was afterwards Chief Juſtice
tempt in Hampſhire, and Suſex, where of the King's Bench, and then in the
Colonel Windham had no Intereſt. Poffeffion of the Widow of his elder
They muſt paſs through all Wiltſhire Brother ; a Houſe that ſtood alone
before they came thither; which would from Neighbours, and from any
require many Days Journey: And Highway; where coming in late in
they were to conſider what honeſt the Evening, he ſupp'd with ſome
Houſes there were in or near the Way, Gentlemen who accidentally were in
where they might ſecurely repoſe; the Houſe; which could not well be
and it was thought very dangerous for avoided. But, the next Morning, he
the King to ride through any great went early from thence, as if he had
Town, as Saliſbury; or Wincheſter, continued his Journey; and the Wi-
which might probably lie in their dow, being truſted with the Know-
Way.
ledge of her Gueſt, ſent her Servants
There was between that and Salis out of the Way; and, at an Hour
bury a very honeſt Gentleman, Co- appointed, receiv'd him again, and
lonel Robert Philips, a younger Bro- accommodated him in a little Room,
ther of a very good Family, which which had been made fince the Begin-
had been always very loyal and he ning of the Troubles for the Conceal-
had ſervd the King during the War. ment of Delinquents, the Seat always
The King was reſolvd to truſt him; belonging to a malignant Family.
and fo fent the Lord Wilmot to a Place Here he lay conceal'd without the
from whence he might ſend to Mr. Knowledge of ſome Gentlemen, who
Philips to come to him, and when he liv'd in the Houſe, and of others who
had ſpoken with him, Mr. Philips, ac- daily reſorted thither, for many Days,
cordingly came to the Colonel's Houſe, the Widow herſelf only attending him
which he could do without Suſpicion, with ſuch Things as were neceſſary,
they being nearly ally'd. The Ways and bringing him ſuch Letters as the
were very full of Soldiersz which were Doctor receiv'd from the Lord Wil-
97701,
in the Reign of King CHARLES Í. 567
:
mot, and Colonel Philips. A Veffel but in no Degree able to contribute
being at laſt provided upon the Coaſt towards his Support; they who had
of Suſſex, and Notice thereof ſent to Intereſt with her, finding all ſhe had,
Dr. Hinchman, he ſent to the King to or could get, too little for their own
meet him at Stone-henge upon the Plains 'unlimited Expence. Beſides, the Di-
three Miles from Heale; whither the ſtraction that Court had been lately in
Widow took care to direct him; and and was not yet free from the Effects
being there met, he attended him to of, made her Penſion to be paid with
the Place where Colonel Philips re- leſs Punctuality than it uſed to be ; ſo
ceiv'd him. He, the next Day, de- that ſhe was forced to be in debt both
Liver'd him to the Lord Wilmot, who to her Servants, and for the very Pro-
went with him to a Houſe, 'recom viſions of her Houſe nor had the
mended by Colonel Gunter, a Gentle- King one Shilling towards the Support
mare of that Country, who had ferv'd of Himſelf and his Family.
the King in the War who met : him Whilſt the Connſels and Enterpriſes
there; and had provided a little. Bark in Scotland and England, had this wo-
at Bright-bemfied, a ſmall Fiſher ful Iffue, Ireland had no better Succeſs
Town; where he went early on board, in its Undertakings. Cromwell: had
and, by God's Bleſſing; arriv'd ſafely made ſo great a Prdgreſs in his Coną
in Normandy.
queſts, before he left that Kingdom to
The Earl of Southampton, who was viſit Scotland, that he was become,
then at his Houſe at Tichfield in Hamp- upon the matter, entirely poſſeſſed of
Shire, had been advertiſed of the King's the two moſt valuable, and beſt inha,
being in the Weſt, and of his miſſing bited Provincès, Lemſter, and Munſter
his Paffage at Lyme, and ſent a truſty and plainly, diſcern'd, that what re-
Gentleman to thoſe faithful Perſons in main’d to be done, if dexterouſly con,
the Country who he thought, were ducted, would be with moſt Eaſe
moſt like to be employ'd for his brought to pafs, by; the Folly and
Eſcape if he came into thoſe Parts, to Perfidiouſneſs of the Iriſis themſelves;
let them know, That he had a Ship who would ſave their Enemies a La-
ready, and if the King came to biin, he bour, in contributing to, and haftning
fbould be ſafe; which Advertiſement their own Deſtruction. He had made
came to the King the Night before he the Bridge fair, eaſy; and ſafe for
embarked, and when his Vefſel was them to paſs over into foreign Coun-
ready. But his Majeſty ever acknow- tries, by Levies and Tranſportations ;
ledged the Obligation with great which Liberty they embraced, as hathi
Kindneſs, he being the only Perſon of been faid before, with all imaginable
that Condition, who had the Courage Greedineſs And he had entertain'd
to follicit ſuch Danger, though all Agents and Spies, as well Fryars, as
good Men heartily wiſhed his Delive others amongſt the Iriſh, who did not
It was in November, that the only give him timely Advertiſements
King landed in Normandy, in a ſmall of what was concluded to be done,
Creek; from whence he got to Roan, but had İntereſt and Power enough to
and then gave Notice to the Queen of interrupt, and diſturb the Conſulta-
his Arrival, and freed his Loyal Sub- tions, and to obſtruct the Execution
jects in all Places from their diſmal thereof: And having put all Things
Apprehenſions.
in this hopeful Method of Proceeding,
Though this wonderful Deliverance in which there was like to be more Uſe
and Preſervation of the Perſon of the of the Halter than the Sword, he com,
King, was an Argument of general mitted the managing of the reſt, and
Joy and Comfort to all his good Sub- the Government of the Kingdom, to
jects, and a new Seed of Hope for fu- his Son in Law Ireton; whom he made
ture Bleſſings, yet his preſent Condi. Deputy under him of Ireland: A Man,
tion was very deplorable. France was who knew the Bottom of all his Coun-
not at all pleaſed with his being come ſels and Purpoſes, and was of the fame,
thither, nor did quickly take notice or a greater Pride and Fierceneſs in
of his being there. The Queen his his Nature, and moſt inclined to pur-
Mother was very glad of his Eſcape, ſue thoſe Rules, in the forming whereof
1
rance,
6
he
568
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
!
he had had the chief Influence. And Kingdom, as well as in London, who
he, with ùt fighting a Battle, though had been taken Priſoners at Worceſter,
he liv'd not many. Months after, re or diſcover'd to have been there. And
duced moſt of the reſt that Cromwell that the Terror might be univerſal,
left unfiniſhed. So that the Marquis of ſome fuffer'd for looſe Diſcourſes in
Ormond embarking himſelf, with fome Taverns, what they would do towards
few Gentlemen beſides his own Ser- reſtoring the King, and others for
vants, in a ſmall Frigat, arriv'd ſafely having blank Commiſſions found in
in Normandy; and ſo went to Caen; their Hands ſign’d by the King,
where his Wife and Family had re- though they had never attempted to do
main'd from the Time of his Depar- any Thing thereupon, nor, for ought
ture thence; having conſtituted the appear'd intended to do. And under
Marquis of Clanrickard, Deputy of theſe defolate Apprehenſions all the
Ireland, who willingly undertook that Royal and Loyal Party lay groveling,
Charge, in order to ſerve his Majeſty. and proſtrate, after the Defeat of Wors
This was ſhortly after the King's De- cefter.
feat at Worceſter, and, as ſoon as his Lieutenant General Middleton, who
Majeſty arriv'd at Paris, he forthwith had been taken Priſoner after Worceſter
attended him, and was moſt welcome Fight, after he was recover'd of his
to him.
Wounds was ſent Priſoner to the Tower
Scotland being ſubdued, and Ireland.fpf London ; -where were likewiſe many
reduced to that Obedience as the Par "noble Perſons of that Nation, as the
liament could wiſh, nothing could be Earl of Crawford, the Earl of Lauthere
expected to be done in England for the dale, and many others. But as they
King's A lvantage. From the Time of the Parliament had a greater Regard
that Cromwell was choſen General in for Middleton than for any other of
the Place of Fairfax, he took all Oc- that Country, knowing him to be a
caſions to diſcountenance the Prefby- a Man of great Honour and Courage,
terians, and to put them out of all and much the beſt Oficer the Scots
Truſt and Imployment, as well in the had, ſo they had a Hatred of him pro-
Country as in the Army; and, whilſt portionable ; and they thought they
he was in Scotland, he had intercepted had him at their Mercy; and might
ſome Letters from one Love, a Preſby- proceed againſt him more warrantably
terian Miniſter in London, to a leading for his Life, than againſt their other
Preacher in Scotland ; and ſent ſuch an Priſoners; becauſe he had heretofore,
Information againſt him, with ſo ma in the Beginning of the War, ſerv'd
ny fucceffive Inſtances that Juſtice them; and though he had quitted
might be exemplary done upon him, their Service at the ſame Time when
that, in ſpight of all the Oppoſition they caſhier'd the Earl of Eſex, and
which the Preſbyterians could make, made their new model, and was at
who appear'd publickly with their ut- Liberty to do what he thought beſt
moft Power, the Man was condemn'd for himſelf, yet they reſolv'd to free
and executed upon Tower-bill
. And themſelves from any farther Apprehen-
to ſhew their Impartiality, about the ſions and Fear of him: To that Pur-
fame Time they executed Brown Buſhel, poſe they erected a new High Court of
who had formerly ſerv'd the Parlia- Juſtice, for the Trial of ſome Perſons
ment in the Beginning of the Rebel- who had been troubleſome to them,
lion, and ſhortly after ſerv'd the King and eſpecially Middleton and Maſſey.
to the End of the War, and had liv'd This laſt, after he had eſcaped from
ſome Years in England after the War Worceſter, and travelled two or three
expir'd, untaken notice of, but, upon Days, found himſelf ſo tormented and
this Occaſion, was enviouſly diſcover'd, weakened by his Wounds, that being
and put to Death.
near the Seat of the Earl of Stamford,
When Cromwell return'd to London, whoſe Lieutenant Colonel he had been
he cauſed ſeveral High Courts of Ju- in the Beginning of the War, and be-
ſtice to be erected, by which many ing well known to his Lady, he choſe
Gentlemen of Quality were condemn'd, to commit himſelf to her, rather than
and executed in many Parts of the to her Huſband ; hoping that in Ho-
5
nour
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 566
1
nour ſhe would have found ſome Means Matter that would eaſily ſucceed, ſince
to preſerve him. But the Lady had the Prince of Orange, who could have
only Charity to cure his Wounds, not given powerful Obſtruction in ſuch
Courage to conceal his Perſon; and Caſes, was now dead, and all thoſe
ſuch Advertiſements were given of him, who adherid to him diſcountenanced,
that as ſoon as he was fit to be re and remov'd from Places of Truſt and
mov’d, he was likewiſe ſent to the Power in all the Provinces, and his
Tower, and deſtin'd to be facrificed Son an Infant, born after the Death
by the High Court of Juſtice together of his father, at the Mercy of the
with Middleton, for the future Security States even for his Support; the cwo
of the Common-Wealth.
Dowagers, his Mother and Grandmo
But now the Preſbyterian Intereſt ther, having great Joyntures out of
thew'd itſelf, and doubtleſs in Enter- the Eſtate, and the reſt being liable to
priſes of this Nature was very power. the Payment of vaſt Debts. In the
ful; having in all Places Perlons de- Treaty, . Saint-John, who had the
voted to them, who were ready to obey whole Truſt of the Embaſſy, being
their Orders, thi.ugh they did not pre- very powerful in the Parliament, and
tend to be of their Party. And the the known Confident of Cromwell;
Time approaching that they were ſure preſſed ſuch a kind of Union as muſt
Middleton was to be tried, that is, to : diſunite them from all their other Al-
be executed, they gave him ſo good lies : So that, for the Friendſhip of
and particular Advertiſement, that he England, they muſt loſe the Friend-
took his leave of his Friends in the ſhip of other Princes, and yet loſe ma-
Tower, and made hís Eſcape ; and ny other Advantages in Trade, which
having Friends enough to ſhelter him they enjoy’d, and which they ſaw the
in London, after he had concealed younger and more powerful Common-
himſelf there a Fortnight or three Wealth would in a ſhort Time deprive
Weeks, that 'the Diligence of the firſt them of. This the States could not
Examination and Enquiry was over, digeſt, and uſed all the Ways they
he was fafely, tranſported into France. could to divert them from inſiſting
And within few Days after, Maſſey upon ſo unreaſonable Conditions; and
had the ſame good Fortune, to the made many large Overtures and Con-
Grief and Vexation of the very Soul of ceſſions, which had never been granted
Cromwell; who thirſted for the Blood by them to the greateſt Kings, and
of thoſe two Perſons,
were willing to quit ſome Advantages
There was, ſhortly after, an unex- they had enjoyed by all the Treaties
pected Accident, that ſeem’d to make with the Crown of England, and to
lome Alterations in the Affairs of yield other conſiderable Benefits which
Chriſtendom ; which many very rea- they always before denied to grant.
fonably believ'd, might have prov'd But this would noi ſatisfy, nor
advantageous to the King. The Par- would the Embaſſadors recede from
liament, as ſoon as they had ſettled any Particular they had propoſed ; ſo
their Common-Wealth, and had no that, after ſome Months Stay, during
Enemy they fear’d, had fent Embaſ- which Time they receiv'd
many
Af-
fadors to their Sifter Republick, the fronts from ſome Engliſh, and from
States of the united Provinces, to in- others, they return'd with great Pre-
vite them to enter into a ſtricter Alli- ſents from the States, but without any
ance with them, and upon the matters Efect by the Treaty; or entring inca
to be as one Common-Wealth, and to any Terms of Alliance, and with the
have one Intereſt. They were receiv'd Extreme Indignation of Saint-John
in Holland with all imaginable Reſpect, which he manifeſted as ſoon as he re:
and as great Expreſſions made as could turn'd to the Parliament; who difa
be, of an equal Deſire that a firm U. daining likewiſe to find themſelves un-
nion might be eſtabliſh'd between the dervalued (that is,, not valued above
{wo Common-Wealths : And, for all the World beſides) preſently en-
the forming thereof, Perſons were ter'd upon Counſels, how they might
appointed to treat with the Embaffa- diſcountenance and controle the Trade
dors; which was look'd upon as a of Holland, and encreaſe their own.
164
Here-
À E
570
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Hereupon they made that Act that fel and Reſolution could be taken on å
inhibits all Foreign Ships from bring- ſudden, and without their having No-
ing in any Merchandize or Commodities tice of it, they having ſeveral of the
into England, but ſuch as were the Pro- States General, and more of the States
ceed or Growth of their own Country, of Holland, very devoted to them.
upon the Penalty of Forfeiture of all ſuch And therefore they increaſed not their
Ships. This indeed concern'd all other Expence, but ſent out their uſual Fleet
Countries; but it did, upon the mat-
the mat- for the Guard of the Coaſt at their Sea-
ter totally ſuppreſs all Trade with Hol- ſon, and with no other Inſtructions than
land, which had very little Merchan- they had been acéuſtom'd to.
dize of the Growth of their own The Council of the Admiralty of
Country, but had uſed to bring in Holland, which govern’d the Maritime
their Ships the Growth of all other Affairs, without Communication with
Kingdoms in the World; Wine from the States General, gave their Inſtruc-
France and Spain, Spices from the In- tions to the Admiral Van Trimp, That.
dies, and all Commodities from all when he met any of the Engliſh Ships of
other Countries; which they muſt now War, he should not ſtrike to them, nor
do no more. The Dutch Embaſſador ſew them any other Reſpect than cbat
expoftulated this Matter very warmly, they receiv'd from them; and if the
Ai a Breach of Commerce and Amity; Engliſh expoſtulated the Matter, they
which could not conſiſt with the Peace ſhould anſwer frankly that the Reſpect
between the two Nations į and that his they had formerly Servid upon thoſe En-
Maſters could not look upon it otherwiſe counters, was becauſe the Ships were the
than as a Declaration of War. The King's, and for the good Intelligence
Parliament anſwer'd him ſuperciliouſly, they had with the Crown ; but they had
That his Maſters might take it in what no reaſon to continue the ſame in this
Manner they pleaſed; but they knew Alteration of Government, except there
what was beſt for their own States and were ſome Stipulation between them to
would not repeal Laws to gratify their that Purpoſe : And if this Anſwer did
Neighbours; and cauſed the Act to be not ſatisfy, but that Force was uſed to-
executed with the utmoſt Rigour and wards them, they faculd defend them-
ſelves with their utmoſt Vigour. Theſe
The United Provinces now diſcern'd, Inſtructions were very ſecret, and ne-
that they had help'd to raiſe an Enemy ver ſuſpected by the Engliſh Com-
that was tuo powerful for them, and manders; who had their old Inſtruc-
that would not be treated as the Crown tions to oblige all Foreign Veſſels to
had been. However, they could not ſtrike. Sail to them ; which had never
believe it poſſible, that in the Infancy been refuſed by any Nation.
of their Republick, and when their It was about the Beginning of May
Government was manifeſtly odious to in the Year 1652, that the Dutch Fleet,
all the Nobility and Gentry of the conſiſting of abové forty Sail, under
Kingdom, and the People generally the Command of Van Trump, rode at
weary of the Taxes and Impoſitions Anchor in Dover Road, being driven
upon the Nation for the Support of by a ſtrong Wind, as they pretended,
their Land-Armies, the Parliament from the Flanders Coaſt, when the Enga
would venture to encreaſe thoſe Taxes lifhFleet, under the Command of Blake,
and Impoſitions proportionably to of a much leſs Number, appear'd in
maintain a new War at Sea, at ſo vaſt View; upon which the Dutch weighed
an Expence, as could not be avoided; Anchor, and put out to Sea, without
and therefore believ'd they only made ſtriking their Flag; which Blake ob-
Shew of this Courage to amuſe and ſerving, cauſed three Guns to be fired
terrify them. However, at the Spring, without any Bail. It was then obſerv'd,
they ſet out a Fleer ſtronger than of that there was an Expreſs Ketch cames
courſe they uſed to do; which made at the very Time, from Holland, on
no Impreſſion upon the Engliſh; who board their Admiral; and it was then
never ſuſpected that the Dutch durft conceiv'd, that he had, by that Ex-
enter into a War with them. Beſides preſs, receiv’d more poſitive Orders to
that they were confident no ſuch Coun- fight : For upon the Arrival of that
6
Expreſs,
Severity:
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 571
Expreſs, he tacked about, and bore Breach ; but that they might speedily
directly toward the Engliſh Fleet ; receive ſuch an Anſwer, that there
and the three Guns were no ſooner might be no farther Obſtruction to the
fired, but, in contempt of the Adver- Trade of both Common-Wealths.
tiſement, he diſcharged one ſingle To which this Anſwer was preſently
Gun from his Poop, and hung out a return'd to them, That the Civility
red Flag; and came up to the Engliſh which they had always shew'd towards
Admiral, and gave him a broad ſide; - the States of the United Provinces, was
with which he killed many of his Men, jo notorious, that nothing was more
and damaged the Ship. Whereupon, ſtrange than the ill Return they had
though Blake was ſurprized, as not made to them : That the extraordinary
expecting ſuch an Affault, he deferrºd Preparations which they had made, of
not to give him the ſame rude Saluta a bundred and fifty Ships, without any
tion; and ſo boch Fleets were forth- apparent Neceſſity, and the Inſtructions
with engaged in a very fierce Encoun- which had been given to their Sen-Offi-
ter; which continued for the Space of cers, had adminiſter'd too much Cause
four Hours, till the Night parted to believe, that the Lords the States Ge-
them, after the Loſs of much blood on neral of the United Provinces had a
both Sides. On the Part of the Dutch, Purpoſe to uſurp the known Right cohich
they loſt two Ships, whereof one was the Engliſh have to the Seas; and to de-
funk, and the other taken, with both ſtroy their Fleets į which, under the
the Captains, and near two hundred Protection of the Almighty; cre their
Priſoners. On the Engliſh Side, there Walls and Bulwarks; that ſo they might
were many ſlain, and more wounded; be expoſed to the Invaſion of any power-
but no Ship loft, nor Officer of Name. ful Enemy : Therefore they thought them-
When the Morning appear'd, the ſelves obliged to endeavour, Zing God's
Dutch were gone to their Coaſt. And Aſiſtance, to ſeek Reparation for the
thus the War was enter'd into, before Injuries and Damage they had already
it was ſuſpected in England.
receiv'd, and to prevent the like for the
With what Conſideration ſoever the future: However, they ſhould never be
Dutch had ėmbark'd themſelves in this without an Intention and Defire, that
ſudden Enterprize, it quickly appear'd ſome effetual Means might be found to.
they had taken very ill Meaſures of eſtabliſh a good Peace, Union, and
the People's Affections. For the News right Underſtanding, between the two
of this Conflict no ſooner arriv'd in Nations.
Holland, but there was the moſt gene With this haughty Anſwer they vi-
ral Confternation, amongſt all Sorts of gorouſly profecured their Revenge,
Men, that can be imagin'd ; and the and commanded Blake preſently to fail
States themſelves were ſo much trou Northward; it being then the Seaſon
bled at it, that, with great Expedic of the Year for the great Fiſheries of
țion, they diſpatched two extraordinary the Dutch upon the Coaſts of Scotland;
Embaſſadors into England; by whom and the Ines of Orkney (by the Benefit.
they proteſted, That the late unhappy whereof they drive a great ‘Part of
Engagement between the Fleets of the their Trade over Europe) where he
two Common-Wealths, bed happen'd now found their Multitude of fiſhing
without their knowledge, and contrary Boats, guarded by twelve Ships of
to the Intention of the Lords the States War; moſt of which, with the Fiſh
General: and that they had immediately they had made ready, he brought
enter'd into Conſultation, how they away with him as good Prize.
Inight beft cloſe this freſh bleeding When Blake was ſent to the North,
Wound, and to avoid the further Effu- Sir George Ayſcue, being juſt return'd
fion of Chriſtian Blood, so much deſir'd' from the Weſt Indies, was ſent with
by the Enemies of both States : And another Part of the Fleet to the South;
therefore they moſt earneſty deſir’d them, who, at his very going out, met with
by their mutual Concurren.e in Religion, thirty Sail of their Merchants between
and by their mutual Love of Liberty, Dover and Calais; a good Part where-
that nothing might be done with Paſſion of he took, or ſunk; and forced the
and Heat; which would widen the reſt to run on Shore upon the French
Coaſt;
572
The Hillory of the Rebellion
Coaſt; which is very little better than of War, and the total Obſtruction of
being taken. From thence he ſtood their Trade, broke their Hearts, and
Weſtward ; and near Plymouth, with encreaſed their Factions at home. All
thirty Sail of Men of War, he en the Seas were cover'd with the Engliſh
gaged the whole Dutch Fleet, conſiſt. Fleets; which made no Diſtinctions of
ing of fixty Ships of War, and thirty Seaſons, but were as active in the
Merchants. It was near four of the Winter as the Summer; and engaged
Clock in the Afternoon when both the Dutch upon any Inequality of
Fleets begun to engage, ſo that the Number. The Dutch having been
Night quickly parted them; yet not beaten in the Month of Otober, and
before two of the Holland Ships of Blake having receiv'd a Bruſh from
War were ſunk, and moſt of the Men them in the Month of December ; in
loſt; the Dutch in that Action applying the Month of February, the moſt dan-
themſelves moſt to ſpoil the Tackling gerous Seaſon of the Year, they, hay-
and Sails of the Engliſh; in which ing appointed a Rendezvous for a'bout
they had ſo great Succeſs, that the one hundred and fifty Merchant Men,
next Morning they were not able to fent a Fleet of about one hundred Sail
give them farther Chaſe; till their of Men of War to convoy them; and
Sails and Rigging could be repaired. Blake, with a Fleet much inferior in
But no Day paſſed without the taking Number, engaged them in a very
and bringing in many and valuable ſharp Battle from Noon till the Night
Dutch Ships into the Ports of Englands parted them : Which diſpoſed them
which, having begun their Voyages to endeavour to preſerve themſelves by
before any Notice had been given to Flight; but in the Morning, they
them of the War, were making hafte found that the Engliſh had attended
home without any Fear of their Secu. them ſo cloſe, that they were engag'd
rity : So that, there being now no again to fight, and 10'unproſperouſly,
Hope of a Peace by the Mediation of that, after the Loſs of above two thou-
their Embaſſadors, who could not pre- ſand Men, who were thrown over-
vail in any Thing they propoſed; they board, beſides a Multitude hurt, they
return'd; and the War was proclaim'd were glad to leave fifty of their Mera
on either Side, as well as proſecuted. chant Men to the Engliſh, that they
The Pride of the French was, about might make their Flight the more fe-
the ſame Time, ſo humbled by the curely.
Spirit of the Engliſh, that though they This laſt Loſs made them ſend again
took their Ships every Day, and made to the Parliament to deſire a Peace;
them Prize, and had now ſeized upon who rejected the Overture, as they
their whole Fleet that was going to the pretended, for want of Formality (for
Relief of Dunkirk (that was then cloſely they always pretended a Deſire of an
beſieged by the Spaniard, and by the honourable Peace) the Addreſs being
taking that Fleet was deliver'd into made only by the States of Holland,
their Hands) yet the French would not and Weſt-Friezland, the States Gene-
be provok'd to be angry with them, ral being at that Time not aſſembled.
or to expreſs any Inclination to the It was generally believ'd, that this Ad-
King; but ſert an Embaſſador; which dreſs from Holland was not only with
they had not before done, to expoftu- the Approbation, but by the Direction
late very civilly with the Parliament of Cromwell; who had rather conſented
for having been ſo unneighbourly, but to thoſe Particulars, which were natu-
in Truth to deſire their Friendſhip up- ' rallý like to produce that War, to
on what Terms they pleaſed's the Car- gratify Saint-John (who was inſepara-
dinal fearing nothing ſo much, as that ble from him in all his other Counſels,
the Spaniards would make ſuch a Con- and was incenſed by the Dutch) than
junction with the new Common- approv'd the Reſolution. And now
wealth, as ſhould diſappoint and break he found, by the Expence of the En-
all his Deſigns.
gagements had already paſſed on both
The inſupportable Loſſes which the Sides, what an inſupportable Charge
Dutch every Day ſuſtain’d by the taking that War muſt be attended with. Be-
their Merchants Ships, and their Ships fides, he well diſcern'd that all Parties,
Friends,
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in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 573
Friends and Foes, Preſbyterians, In- whom they had themſelves deſir'd,
dependents, Levellers, were all united under all the folemn Obligations of
as to the carrying on the War; which, Obedience. Shortly after the Depar-
he thought, could proceed from no ture of the Marquis of Ormond, Crom-
thing, but that the Exceſs of the Ex- well's Deputy, Ireton, who had mar-
pence might make it neceſſary to dif- ried his Daughter, died in Limrick of
band a great Part of the Land Army the Plague; which was gotten into his
(of which there appear'd no Uſe) to Army, that was ſo much weaken’d by
ſupport the Navy; which they could it, and there were ſo great Factions
not now be without. Nor had he Au- and Diviſions among the Officers, af-
thority to place his own Creatures there, ter his ſudden Death, that great Ad-
all the Officers thereof being nominated vantages might have been gotten by it.
and appointed ſolely by the Parliament: His Authority was ſo abſolute, that he
So that when this Addreſs was made was entirely ſubmitted to in all the
by the Dutch, he ſet up his whole Reſt Civil, as well as: Martial Affairs. But
and Intereſt, that it might be well ac- his Death was thought ſo little poſſible,
cepted, and a Treaty thereupon enter'd that no Proviſion had been made for
into, which when he could not bring that Contingency. So that no Man
to paſs, he laid to Heart; and deferr'd had Authority to take the Command
not long, as will appear, to take Ven. upon him, till Cromwell's Pleaſure was
geance upon the Parliament with a farther known; who put the Charge
witneſs, and by a Way they leaſt of the Army under Ludlow, a Man of
thought of.
a very different Temper from the
Though Cromwell was exerciſed other; but appointed the Civil Go-
with theſe Contradictions and Vexa-
vernment to 'rún in another Channel,
tions at home, by the Authority of the ſo that there remain'd. Jealouſy and
Parliament, he found not the leaſt Op- Diſcontent enough ſtill between the
poſition from abroad. He was more Council and the Officers to have ſha-
abſolute in the other two Kingdoms, ken a Goverment that was yet no beta,
more fear'd, and more obey'd, than ter eſtabliſh'd
any King had ever been, and all the
Dominions belonging to the Crown, Had not God referv'd the Delive-
own'd no other Subjection than to the rance and Reſtoration of the King to
Common-wealth of England. The himſelf, and reſolv'd to accompliſh it
Illes of Guernſey, and Jerſey, and when there appear'd leaſt Hope of it,
Scilly were reduced; the former pre- and leaſt worldly Means to bring it to
ſently after the Battle of Worceſter; paſs; there happen'd at this Time a
and the other, after the King's Return very great Alteration in England, that,
to Paris.
together with the Continuance of the
"All the Foreign Plantations had ſub- War with Holland, and Affronts
every
mitted to the Yoke; and indeed with- Day offer'd to France, might very rea-
out any other Damage or Inconve- fonably have adminiſter'd great Hopes
nience, than the having Citizens and to the King of a ſpeedy Change of Go-
inferior Perſons put to govern them in- vernment there. From the Time of
ſtead of Gentlemen, who had been the Defeat at Worceſter, and the Re-
entruſted by the King in thoſe Places. duction of Scotland and Ireland to per-
We hall not in this place enlarge fect Obedience, Cromwell did not find
upon the Affairs of Scotland, where the Parliament ſo ſupple to obſerve
Monk for the preſent govern'd with a his Orders, as he expected they would
Rod of Iron, and at laſt found no have been. The Preſbyterian Party
Contradiction, or Oppoſition to his were bold in contradicting him in the
good Will and Pleaſure. In Ireland, Houſe, and croſſing all his Deſigns in
if that People had not been prepar'd the City, and exceedingly inveigh'd
and ripe for Deſtruction, there had againſt the Licence that was practiſed
happen'd an Alteration which might in Religion, by the ſeveral Factions of
have given fome Reſpite to it, and Independents, Anabaptiſts, and the
diſpoſed the Nation to have united ſeveral Species of theſe ; who con-
themſelves under their new Deputy, temn'd all Magiſtrates, and the Laws
166
7 F
eſta.
1
574
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
eſtabliſh'd. All theſe, how contra- The ſharp Anſwers the Parliamerit
dictory foever to one another, Crom- gave to their Addreſſes, gave the Ar-
well cheriſhed and protected, that he my new Matter to reply to ; and put
might not be overrun by the Preſby- them in mind of ſome former Profer-
terians; of whom the Time was not ſions they had made, That they would
yet come that he could make uſe. be glad to be eaſed of the Burden of their
Though he had been forward enough Employment; and that there migłt be
to enter upon the War of Holland, ſucceſſive Parliaments to undergo the
that ſo there might be no- Propoſition fame Trouble they had done. They
made for the diſbanding his Army, therefore deſired them, That they
which otherwiſe could not be prevent- would remember how many Years they
ed, yet he found the Expence of it was bad ſate ; and though they had done
ſo great, that the Nation could never great Things, yet it was a great Injury
bear that Addition of Burden to the to the reſt of the Nation, to be utterly
other of Land Forces; which how ap- excluded from bearing any Part të the
parent ſoever, he ſaw. the Parliament Service of their Country, by their in-
lo fierce for the carrying on that War, groſſing the whole Power into their
that they would not hearken to any Hands; and thereupon befought them,
reaſonable Conditions of Peace; which that they would ſettle a Council for the
the Dutch appear'd moft ſollicitous to Adminiſtration of the Government dur-
make upon any Terms. But that ing. the Interval, and then diſolve then-
which troubled him moſt, was the felves, and ſummon a new Parliament;
Jealouſy that his own Party of Inde- which, they told them, would be the
pendents, and other Sectaries had con- inoſt popular Aktion they could perforon.
tracted againſt him :, That Party that Theſe Addreſſes in the Name.of.the
had advanced him to the Height he Army, being confidently deliver'd by
was at, and made him ſuperior to all fome Officers of it, and as confidently
Oppoſition, even his beloved Vane, ſeconded by others who were Mem-
thought his Power and Authority to be þers of the Houſe, it was thought ne-
tou great for a Common-wealth, and ceffary, that they ſhould receive a ſo-
that He and his Army, had not De lemn Debate, to the end that when
pendence enough upon, or Submiſſion the Parliament had declared its Reſo-
to the Parliament. So that he found lution and Determination, all Perſons
thoſe who had exalted him, now moft might be obliged to acquiefce therein,
ſollicitous to bring him lower ; and he and ſo there would be an End put to
knew well enough what any Diminu- all Addreſes of that kind.
tion of his Power and Authority muſt There were many Members of the
quickly be attended with. He ob- Houſe, who either from the Juſtice
ſerv'd, that thoſe his old Friends very and Reaſon of the Requeſt, or ſeaſon-
frankly united themſelves with His and ably to comply with the Senſe of the
their old Enemies, the Preſbyterians, Army, to which they foreſaw they
for the Proſecution of the War with ſhould be at laſt compelld to ſubmit,
Holland, and obſtructing all the Over- ſeem'd to think it neceffary, for abat-
tures towards Peace; which muſt in a ing the great Envy, which was confef-
Íhort Time, exhauft the Stock, and fedly againſt the Parliament through-
conſequently diſturb any Settlement in out the Kingdom, that they ſhould be
the Kingdom.
diffolv’d, to the End the People might
In this Perplexity he reſorts to his make a new Election of ſuch Perſons
old Remedy, his Army; and again as they thought fit to truſt with their
erects another Council of Officers, who, Liberty and Property, and whatſoever
under the Style, firſt, of Petitions, was deareſt to them. But Mr. Martyn
and then of Remonftrances, interpoſed told them, That he thought they might
in whatſoever had any Relation to the find the beſt Advice from the Scripture,
Army, uſed great Importunity for the what they were to do in this particular :
Arrears of their Pay; that they might That when Moſes was found upon the
not be compell’d to take free Quarter River, and brought to Pharaoh's Daugh-
llow Subje&ts, who already ter, ſhe took Care that the Mother
paid ſo great Contributions and Taxes. might be found, to whoſe Care he might
be
upon their
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
575
be cominiitted to be nurſed; whlch ſuc- the Indignation of the Nation. There-
çeeded beppily. 'He ſaid, their common- upon, having adjuſted all Things with
wealth was get an Infant, of a weak the Chief Officers of the Army, who
Growth, and a very tender Conſtitution; were at his Devotion, in the Month of
and therefore bis Opinion was, that, no April, that was in the Year 1653, he
body could be so fit to nurſe it, as whe came into the Houſe of Parliament in a
Mother who brought it forih; and that Morning when it was ſitting, attended
they should not think of putting it under with the Oficers who were likewiſe
any opher Hauds, untill it had obtained Members of the Houſe, and told
more Years and Vigour. To which he them, That he came thither to put an
added, That they had another Infant end to their power and Authority ;
too under their. Hands, the War with which they had managed ſo ill, that the
Holland, which had thrived conder- Nation could be no otherwiſe preſervid
fully under their Conduct ; but he much ihan by their Diſſolution ; which he ad-
doubted that it would be quickly ſtrang- viſed them, without farther Debate,
led, if it were taken out of their:Care, quietly to ſubmit unto.
who had bitherto govern'd it.
Thereupon another Officer, with
Theſe Reaſons prevailed ſo far, ſome Files of Muſqueteers, enter'd into
that, whatſoever was ſaid to the con- the Houſe; and and ſtay'd there till all
trary, it was deternin'd, that the Par- the Members walk'd out; Cromwell
liament would not yet think of dif- reproaching many of the Members by
ſolving, nor would take it well, that Name, as they went out of the Houſe,
any, Perſons ſhould take the Preſump. with their Vices and Corruptions, and
țion any more to make Overtures to amongſt the reſt, Sir Harry Vane with
them of that Nature, which was not fit his Breach of Faith and Corruption ;
for private and particular Perſons tº and having given the Mace to an Om-
meddle with: And to put a ſeaſonable cer to be ſafely kept, he cauſed the
Stop to any farther Preſumption of Doors to be lock'd up; and ſo dir-
that kind, they appointed a Commit- ſolvd that Aſembly, which had fate
tee ſpeedily
, to prepare an Ast of Parlia: almoſt thirteen Years, and under whore
ment for the filling up their Houſe; and Name he had wrought ſo much Mir-
by which, it should be declared to be chief, and reduced three Kingdoms to
High Treaſon, for any Man to propoſe, his own entire Obedience and Subjec-
or contrive the changing of the preſent tion, without any Example or Prece-
Government ſettled, and eſtabliſhed. dent in the Chriſtian World that could
This Bill being prepared by the raiſe his Ambition to ſuch a preſump-
Committee, they reſolv'd to paſs it tuous Undertaking, and without any
with all poſſible Expedition So rational Dependence upon the Friend-
Cromwell clearly difcern'd, that by ſhip of one Man who had any other
this Means they would never be per: Intereſt to advance his Deſigns, but
[waded to part with that Authority and what he had given him by preferring
Power, which was ſo profitable, and him in the War.
ſo pleaſant to them : Yet the Army. It was upon the twentieth of April
declared they were not ſatisfied with that the Parliament had been diffolv'd ;
the Determination, and continued and though Cromwell found that the
their Applications to the ſame purpoſe, People were ſatisfied in it,' and the
or to others as 'unagreeable to the Senſe Declaration publish'd thereupon, yet
of the Houſe; and did all they could he knew, it would be neceſſary to pro-
to infuſe the ſame Spirit into all the vide ſome other viſible Power to ſet-
Parts of the Kingdom, to make the tle the Government, than the Council
Parliament odious, as it was already ºf Officers; all whom he was not ſure
very abundantly; and Cromwell was he ſhould be able long entirely to go-.
well pleaſed that the Parliament ſhould vern, many of them having clear other
expreſs as much Prejudice againſt the Notions of a Republick than he was
Army.
willing England ſhould be brought to.
All Things being thus prepared, A Parliament was ſtill. a Name of
Cromwell thought this a good Seaſon more Veneration than any other Af-
to expoſe theſe Enemies of Peace to ſembly of Men was like to be, and
the
576
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
.
ment, or that from their Actions any cluded in theſe Words, I Oliver
the Contempt the laſt was fallen into, generally a pack of weak ſenſeleſs Fel-
was like to teach the next to behave lows, fit only to bring the Name and
itſelf with more Diſcretion. However Reputation of Parliaments lower than
the Ice was broken for diffolving them, it was yet.
when they ſhould do otherwiſe ; yet It was fit theſe new Men ſhould be
he was not ſo well ſatisfied in the gene- brought together by ſome new Way :
ral Temper, as to truſt the Election of And a very new Way it was ; for
them to the Humour and Inclination Cromwell by his Warrants, directed
of the People.
to every one of them, telling them, of
He reſolv'd therefore to chooſe them the neceſſity of diſolving the late Par-
himſelf, that he might with the more liament, and of an equal Neceſity, that
Juſtice unmake them when he ſhould the Peace, Safety, and good Government
think fit; and with the Advice of his of the Common-wealth ſhould be provided
Council of Officers, for he made yet for, and therefore that he had, by the
no other Council of State, he made Advice of his Council of Officers, nomi-
Choice of a Number of Men conſiſting nated divers Perſons fearing, God, and
of above one hundred Perſons, who of approved Fidelity and Honeſty, to
ſhould meet as a Parliament to ſettle whom the great Charge and Truſt of so
the Government of the Nation. It weighty Affairs was to be committed,
can hardly be believ'd that ſo wild a and that having good Aſurance of their
Notion ſhould fall into any Man's Ima- Love to, and Courage for God, and the
gination, that ſuch a People ſhould be Intereſt of his Cauſe, and the good Peo-
fit to contribute towards any Settle- ple of this Common-wealth; he con-
Thing could reſult, that might adCromwell, Captain General and Com-
vance his particular Deſign. Yet upon mander in Chief of all the Forces raiſed,
the View and Conſideration of the or to be raiſed within this Common
Perſons made choice of, many did wealth, do hereby ſummon and require
conclude, That he had made his own you perſonally to be, and appear at the
Scheme entirely to himſelf ; and though Council-Chamber at White-Hall, upon
be communicated it with no Man that the fourth Day of July next, then and
was known, concluded it the moſt natu- there to take upon you the ſaid Truff.
ral way to ripen, and produce the Ef. And you are hereby calld, and appointed
feets, it did afterwards, to the End be to ſerve as a Member of the County of,
propoſed to bimſelf.
&c. Upon this wild Summons, the
There were amongſt them divers of Perſons ſo nominated appear'd at the
the Quality and Degree of Gentlemen, Council-Chamber upon the fourth of
and who had Eſtates, and ſuch a Pro- July, which was near three Months
portion of Credit and Reputation, as after the Diffolution of the former Par-
could conſiſt with the Guilt they had liament.
contracted. But much the major Part Cromwell with his Council of Offi.
of them conſiſting of inferior Perſons, cers was ready to receive them, and
of no Quality, or Name, Artificers of made them a long Diſcourſe of The
the meaneſt Trades, known only by Fear of God, and the Honour due to his
their Gifts in Praying and Preaching; Name, full of Texts of Scripture ; and
which was now practiſed by all De- remember'd, the wonderful Mercies of
grees of Men, but Scholars, through- God to this Nation, and the continued
out the Kingdom. In which Number, Series of Providence, by which he had
that there might be a better Judgment appeared in carrying on his Cauſe, and
made of the reſt, it will not be amiſs to bringing Affairs into that preſent glo-
name one, from whom that Parlia- rious Condition, wherein they now were.
ment itſelf was afterwards demomina- He aſſured them by many Arguments,
ted, who was Praiſe.God (that was his ſome of which were urged out of
Chriſtian Name) Barebone, a Leather- Scripture, That they had a very lawful
ſeller in Fleet-ſtreet, from whom (he Call to take upon them the ſupreme
being an eminent Speaker in it) it was Authority of the Nation; and con-
afterwards callid Praiſe-God Barebone's cluded with a very earneſt Deſire,
Parliament. In a Word they were That great Tenderneſs might be uſed to-
wards
I
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. -577
And in few
wards all conſcientious Perfons, of what the Twelfth of December, and before
Judgment foever or they appear'd to be. many of them were come who were
When he had finish'd his Diſcourſe, like to diffent from the Motion, one
he deliver'd- to them' an Inſtrument of them ſtood up and declar'd, That
ingroſſed in Parliament under his Hand be did believe, they were not equal to the
and Seal, whereby, with the Advice Burthen that was laid upon them, and
of his Council of Officers, he did de- therefore that they might diſſolve thein-
volve, and intruſt the ſupreme Autho- ſelves, and deliver back their Authority
rity of his Common-wealth into the into their Hands from whom they had
Hands of thoſe Perſons therein men receiv'd it; which being preſently con-
tion'd; and declar'd, That they, or ſented to, their. Speaker ,with thoſe
any forty of them were to be held and who were of that Mind; went to
acknowledged the ſupreme Authority of White-Hall, and deliver'd to Cromwell
the Nation, to which all Perſons within the Inſtrument they had receiv'd from
the fame, and the Territory thereunto him, acknowledged their own Impo-
belonging, were to yield Obedience and tency, and befought hïîn to take care
Subječtion to the third Dary of the Month of the Commion-wealth.,
of November, which ſhould be in the By this frank Donation He and his
Fear 1654, which was about a Year Council of Officers were once more,
.
and three Months from the Time that poſſeſſed of the Supreme Sovereign
he ſpoke to them; and three Months Power of the Nation.
before the Time preſcrib'd ſhould ex. Days after, his Council were too mo-
pire, they were to make Choice of deft to ſhare with him in this Royal
other Perſons to ſucceed them, whoſe Authority, but declar’d, That the Gom
Power and Authority ſhould not ex vernment of the Common; Wealth Mould,
ceed: one Year, and then they were reſide in a ſingle Perſon ; that that
likewiſe to provide, and take care for Perſon Mould be Oliver Cromwell,
a like Succeflion in the Government. ' Captain General of all the Forces in
Being thus inveſted with this Autho. England, Scotland, and freland, and
rity, they repair'd to the Parliament that his Title Jould be Lord Protector
Houſe, and made choice of one Rouſe of the Common-wealth of England,
to be their Speaker, an old Gentleman Scotland, and Ireland, end of the Doo
of Devonſhire, who had been a Mem- minions and Territories thereunto ben
ber of the former Parliament.
longing ; and that he ſhould have à
At their firſt coming together, fome Council of one, and twenty Perſons to be
of them had the Modeſty to doubt, Aſiſtant to him in the Government,
that they were not in many Reſpects ſo In this Manner, this extraordinary
well qualified as to take upon them Man, without any other Reaſon than
the Style and Title of a Parliament. becauſe he had a mind to it, and with-
But that Modeſty was quickly ſubdued, out the Aſſiſtance, and againſt the
and they were eaſily perſwaded to af- Deſire of all noble Perſons or Men of
ſume that Title, and to conſider them- Quality, or of any Number of Men,
ſelves as the ſupreme Authority in the who, in the Beginning of the Trou-
Nation. Theſe Men thus brought to- bles, was poffeffed of three hundred
gether continued in this Capacity near Pounds Lands by the Year, mounted
lix Months to the Amazement, and himſelf into the Throne of; three
even Mirth of the People. In which Kingdoms, without the Name of King,
Time they never enter'd upon any but with a greater Power and Autho-
grave and ſerious Debate, that might rity than had ever been exerciſed, or
tend to any Settlement, but generally claim'd by any King; and receiv'd
expreſſed great Sharpneſs and Animo- greater Evidence and Manifeſtation of
ſity againſt the Clergy, and againſt all Reſpect and Eſteem, from all the
Learning, out of which they thought Kings and Princes in Chriſtendom, than
the Clergy had grown, and ſtill would had ever been ſhew'd to any Monarch
grow.
of thoſe Nations: Which was ſo much
When they had tired and perplexed the more notorious, in that they all
themſelves in ſuch Debates, as ſoon as abhorr'd him, when they trembled at
they were met in the Morning upon his Power, and courted his Friendſhip.
167
Though
1
7 G
528
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Though during this laſt Year's Un- their General Dean : There was, be-
ſettlement in England, Cromwell had fides him, but one Captain, and about
taken care that there was a good Win- two hundred Common Sea-men kill'd:
ter Guard of Ships in the Downs; yet The Number of the Wounded was
the Dutch had enjoy'd a very fruitful greater; nor did they loſe one Ship,
Harveſt of Trade during that Confu nor were ſo diſabled' but that they fol-
fion, and Suſpenſion of Power ; and low'd with the whole Fleet to the
had ſent out their Fleets of Merchant Coaſt of Holland, whither the other
Men under a Convoy, by the North Aled ; and being got into the Flie, and
of Scotland ; and, by the Return of the Texel, the Engliſh for ſome Time
that Convoy, receiv'd their Fleet from block'd them up in their own Har-
the Baltick with Security : So that, bours, taking all ſuch Ships as came
upon the Hope thoſe domeſtick Con- bound for thoſe Parts.
tentions in England would not be ſo This great Defeat fo humbled the
ſoon compoſed, they begun to recover States, that they made all poſſible
their Spirits again. But Cromwell had Hafte to ſend four Commiſſioners into
no ſooner broke the long Parliament, England to mediate for a Treaty, and
but, with great Diligence, he cauſed a Ceſſation of Arms'; who were re-
a ſtrong Fleet to be made ready againſt ceiv'd very loftily by Cromwel, and with
the Spring; and committed the Com- ſome Reprehenſion for their want of
mand thereof to three Admirals joynt- Warineſs in entring into ſo unequal a
ly; Blake, a Man well known, but contention : Yet he declared a gra-
not thought entirely enough devoted cious Inclination to a Treaty, tlll the
to Cromwell; Monk, whom he call'd Concluſion whereof he could admit no
out of Scotland as his own Creature; Ceffation ; which being known in
and Dean, a meer Seaman, grown, Holland, they would not ſtay ſo long
from a common Mariner, to the Re- under the Reproach and Diſadvantage
putation of a bold and excellent Offi- of being beſieged, and ſhut up in their
Ports; but made all poſſible Haſte to
This Fleet in the Beginning of June prepare another Fleet, ſtrong enough
in the Year 1653, met with the Dutch to remove the Engliſh from their
about the Middle Seas over between Coaſts; which they believ'd was the
Dover and Zealand ; and made what beſt Expedient to advance their Trea-
Haſte they could to engage them. ty : And there cannot be a greater
But the Wind not being favourable, it Inſtance of the Opulency of that Peo-
was Noon before the Fight begun; ple, than that they ſhould be able, af-
which continued very ſharp till the ter ſo many Loſſes, and ſo late a great
Night parted them, without any viſi- Defeat, in fo ſhort a Time to ſet out
ble Advantage to either Side, fave that a Fleet ſtrong enough to viſit thoſe
Dean, one of the Engliſh Admirals, who had fo lately overcome them, and
was kill'd by a Cannon Shot from the who ſhut them within their Ports.
Rear Admiral of the Dutch. The next Their Admiral Trump had, with
Morning, the Dutch having the Ad- fome of the Fleet, retired into the
vantage of the ſmall Wind that.was, Wierings, at too great a Diſtance from
the Engliſh charged fo furiouſly upon the other Ports for the Engliſh Fleet to
the thickeſt Part of them, without divide itſelf. He had, with a mar-
diſcharging any of their Guns till they vellous Induſtry, cauſed his hurt Ships
were at a very ſmall Diſtance, that to be repair'd, and more ſevere Pu-
they broke their Squadrons; and in niſhment to be inflicted on thoſe who
the end forced them to fly, and make had behaved themſelves cowardly,
all the Sail they could for their own than had ever been uſed in that State.
Coaſts, leaving behind them eleven of And the States publiſh'd ſo great and
their Ships; which were all taken ; ample Rewards to all Officers and Sea-
beſides ſix which were funk. The men who would, in that Conjuncture
Execution on the Dutch was very great, repair to their Service, that by the
as was likewiſe the Number of Priſo- End of July, within leſs than two
ners, as well as Officers and Soldiers. Months after their Defeat, he came
The Loſs of the Engliſh was greateſt in out of the Wierings with a Fleet of
ninety
cer.
t r
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
579
ninety and five Men of War; which Van Trump, who, in reſpect of his
as ſoon as the Engliſh had Notice of, Maritime Experience, and the frequent
they made towards him. But the Actions he had been engaged in,
Wind riſing, they were forced to ſtand might very well be reckon'd amongſt
more to Sea, for fear of the Sands and the moſt eminent Commanders at Sea
Shelves upon that Coaft. Whereupon of that Age, and to whoſe Memory
Van Trump, all that . Night ſtood into his Country is farther indebted than
the Texel; where he joynd five and they have yet acknowledged.
twenty, more of their beſt Ships; and This was the laſt Engagement at
with this Addition, which made an Sea between the two Common-wealths:
hundred and twenty Sail, he faced the For as the Dutch were, by this laſt
Engliſh; who, being at this Time un- Defeat, and Loſs of their brave Ad-
der the Command of Monk alone, miral, totally diſpirited, and gave
kept ſtill to the Sea ; and having got a their Commiſſioners at London Order
little more Room, and the Weather to proſecute the Peace upon any Con-
being a little clearer, tack'd about, ditions ; fo Cromwell, being by this
and were receiv'd by the Dutch with Time become Protector, was weary
great Courage and Gallantry.
enough of ſo chargeable a. War, and
The Battle continued very hot and knew he had much to do to ſettle the
bloody on both sides, from ſix of the Government at home, and that he
Clock in the Morning till one in the might chooſe more convenient Ene-
Afternoon; when the Admiral of Hol- mies abroad, who would neither be
land, the famous Van Trump, whilſt able to defend themſelves as well, or
he very ſignally perform'd the Office to do him ſo much Harm, as the Hol-
of a brave and bold Commander, was landers had done, and could do. And
ſhot with a Muſquet Bullet into the therefore when he had drawn the Dutch
Heart, of which he fell dead without to accept of ſuch Conditions as he
ſpeaking a Word. This Blow broke thought fit to give them; among
the Courage of the reſt; who ſeeing which one was, That they should not
many of their Companions burnt and ſuffer any of the King's Party, or any
ſunk, after having endured very hot Enemy to the Common-wealth of Eng-
Service, before the Evening, fed, land, to reſide within their Dominions :
and made all the Sail they could to- And another, which was contain'd in
wards the Texel; the Engliſh were not a ſecret Article, to which the Great
in a Condition to purſue them; but Seal of the States was affix'd, by
found themſelves obliged to retire to which they oblig'd themſelves, Never
their own Coaſt, both to preſerve and to admit the Prince of Orange to be
mend their maim'd and torn Ships, their State-holder, General, or Admiral;
and refreſh their wounded Men. and likewiſe to deliver up the Iſland of
This Battle was the moſt bloody that Polerone in the Eaſt-Indies (which
had been yet fought, both Sides rather they had taken from the Engliſh in the
endeavouring the Deſtruction of their Time of King James, and uſurped it
Enemies Fleet than taking their Ships. ever ſince) into the Hands of the Eaſt-
On the Hollander's Part, between India Englifn Company again ; and to
twenty or thirty of their Ships of War pay a good Sum of Money for the old
were fired or ſunk, and above one barbarous Violence exerciſed so many
thouſand Priſoners taken. The Vic- Years fince at Amboyna'; for which
tory coſt the Engliſ dear too; for the two laſt Kings could never obtain
four hundred common Men, and Satisfaction and Reparation : About
eight londowode Captains, were ſain the Middle of April, 1654, he made
out-right, and above ſeven hundred a Peace with the States General, with'
common Men, and five Captains, all the Advantages he could deſire,
wounded. But they loſt only one having indeed all the Perſons of Power
Ship, which was burn'd; and two or and Intereſt there, faſt bound to him
three more, though carried Home, upon their joynt Intereſt.
were diſabled for farther Service. The Though the Protector had nothing
moſt ſenſible Part of the Loſs to the now to do but at home, Holland have
Dutch was the Death of their Admiral ing accepted his Peace upon his own
Terms,
3
580
The Hiſlory of the Rebellion
Terms,. Partugal bought it at a full and Bedfellows; who, from the Time
Price, and upon an humble Submif- that he aſſumed the Title of Protector,
fion, Denmark being contented with which to them was as odious as that of
ſuch an Alliance as he was pleaſed to King, profeſſed a mortal Hatred to
make with them, and Frar.ce and Spain his Perſon; and he well knew both
contending, by their Embaffadors, theſe people had too much Credit in
which ſhould render themſelves moſt his Army, and with ſome principal
acceptable to him ; Scotland lying un- Officers of it. Of theſe Men he ſtood
der a heavy Yoke by the ſtrict Go- in more Fear than of all the King's
vernment of Monk, who after the Party; of which he had in truth very
Peace with the Dutch was ſent back to little Apprehenſion, though he co-
govern that Province, which was re lour'd many of the Preparations he
duced under the Government of the made againit the other, as if provided
Engliſ Laws, and their Kirk and againſt the Dangers threaten’d from
Kirknien entirely ſubdued to the Obe- them.
dience of the State with reference to But the Time drew near now, when
Aſſemblies, or Synods; Ireland being he was obliged by the Inſtrument of
confeffedly ſubdued, and no Oppoſi- Government, and upon his Oath, to
tion made to the Protector's Com- call a Parliament; which ſeem'd to
mands; ſo that Commiſſions were ſent him the only Means left to compoſe
to divide all the Lands which had be the Minds of the People to an entire
long'd to the Iriſh, or to thoſe 'Engliſh Submiſſion to his Government.
In
who had adhered to the King, amongſt order to this Meeting, though he did
thoſe Adventurers who had ſupplied not obſerve the old Courſe in fending
Money for the War, and the Soldiers Writs out to all the little Boroughs
and Officers, who were in great Ar- throughout England, which uſe to
rears for their Pay, and who receiv'd ſend Burgeſſes (by which Method fome
liberal Aſſignations in Lands; one ſingle Counties ſend more Members to
whole Province being reſerved to the the Parliament, than ſix other Coun-
Iriſ to be confined to, and all theſe ties do) he thought he took a more
Diviſions made under the Government equal Way by appointing more Knights
of his younger Son, Harry Cromwel, for every Shire to be choſen, and fewer
whom he ſent thither as his Lieutenant Burgeſſes; whereby the Number of
of that Kingdom; who liv'd in the full the whole was much leſſen'd; and
Grandeur of the Office; notwithſtand- yet, the People being left to their own
ing all this, England prov'd not yet Election, it was not by him thought
ſo towardly as he expected. Vane and an ill Temperament, and was then
the moſt conſiderable Men of the In- generally look'd upon as an Alteration
dependent Party, from the Time he fit to be more warrantably made, and
had jurn'd them out of the Parliament, in a better Time. And ſo, upon the
and ſo diffolv'd it, retired quietly to Receipt of his Writs, Elections were
their Houſes in the Country; poyſon'd made accordingly in all Places; and
the Affections of their Neighbours ſuch Perſons, for the moſt part, cho-
towards the Government; and. loft ſen and return'd, as were believ'd to
nothing of their Credit with the Peo- be the beſt affected to the preſent Go-
ple; yet carried themſelves ſo warily, vernment, and to thoſe who had any
that they did nothing to diſturb the Authority in it; there being ſtrict
Peace of the Nation, or to give Crom- Order given, That no Perſon who had
well any Advantage againſt them upon ever been againſt the Parliament during.
which to call them in queſtion. the Time of the Civil War, or the Sons
There were another leſs wary, be- of any ſuch Perſons, Soula "ne" capable
cauſe a more deſperate Party, which of being choſen to fit in that Parliament;
were the Levellers'; many whereof nor were any ſuch Perſons made choice
had been the moſt active Agitators in of.
the Army, who had executed his Or The Day of their Meeting was the
ders and Deſigns in incenſing the Ar- Third of September in the Year 1654,
my againſt the Parliament, and had within leſs than a Year after he had
been at that Time his ſole Confidents been declared Protector ; when they
choſe
2
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
581
1
by 6 Prote Etor and a Parliament, any lign; and call'd it a Violation of the
choſe Williain Lenthall to be their a Parliament : That as they were in-
Speaker. Who was no ſooner in his truſted in ſome Things, so was he in
Chair than it was propoſed, That they: others : That in the Government were
might in the first place conſider by what certain Fundamentals, which could not
Auibority they came thither, and whether be alter'ds to wit, that the Goveriment
that which had conver'd them, had a fhould be in a ſingle. Perſon and a Part
laceful Purver to that Purpoſe. From liament; that Parliaments ſhould not be
which Subject the Protector's Crea- perpetual, and always fitting, that the
tures, ard thoſe.of the Army, endea- Militia ſhould not be truſted into one
vour'd to divert them by all the Argu. Hand or Power, but so as the Parlia.
ments' they could. Notwithſtanding ment might have a Check on the Pro-
which, the Current of the Houſe in- tector, and the Protector or the Parlia:
fifted
upon
the firſt clearing that Point, ment; Thife, he ſaid, were unalterable
as the Foundation, upon which all Fundamenials : As for other Things in
their Councils muſt be built : And the Government, they were examinable
as many of the Members poſitively and alterable as the State of Affairs did
declar'd againſt that Power, ſo one of require. . When he had made this frank
then, more confident than the reſt, Declaration unto them what they were
faid plainly, That they might eaſily dif- to truſt to, the better to confirm them
cern the Snares which were laid to en in their Duty, he had appointed a
irap the Privileges of the People; and Guard to attend at the Door of the
for his own pert, as God had made him Parliament Houſe, and there to reſtrairi
inſtrumental in ciltting down Tyranny in all Men from enering into the Houſe
ine Perſon ; so now he could not endure who refuſed to ſubſcribe this following
to ſee the Nation's Liberties fackled by Engagement : I do berely promiſe and
another, whoſe Right to the Government engage to be true and faithful to the
could not be meaſured but by the Length Lord Protector of England, Scotland;
of bis Sword, which alone hadi embol- and Irelands and ſhall not (according
den’d him to command his Commanders., to the Tenor of this Indenture, whereby
This Spirit prevaild ſo far, that, for I am: return?d to ſerve in Parliament)
eight Days together, thoſe of the propoſe to give any Conſent to alter the
Council of Officers, and others (who Geveriment. as it is ſetiled in one Pert
were called the Court Party) could fori and a Parliament.
not divert the Queſtion from being This Engagement a congderable
put, Whether the Government ſhould be part of the Members utrerly refuſed to
other Way than by length’ning the Privilege of Parliament, and an abro-
Debate, and then adjourning the Houſe lute depriving them of that Freedom
when the Queſtion was ready to be which was effential to it. So they
put, becauſe they plainly ſaw that it were excluded, and reſtrain'd from
would be carried in the Negative. entring into the Houſe : And they
The Continuance of this warm De who did ſubſcribe it, and had there-
bate in the Houſe, in which the Pro. upon Liberty to fit there, were yet fo
tector's own Perſon was not treated refractory to any Propoſition that
with much Reverence, exceedingly might fettle him in the Government
perplexed him; and obliged him once in the Manner he deſir'd it, that,
more to try, what Reſpect his ſove- after the five Months near ſpent in
reign Preſence would produce towards wrangling, and uſeleſs Diſcourſes (dur-
a better Compoſure. So he came again ing which he was not to attempt the
to the Painted Chamber, and ſent for Diffolution of them, by his Inftrument
his Parliament to come to him; and of Government) he took the firſt Op-
then told them, That the great God of portunity to diffolve them; and upon
Heaven and Earth knew what Grief the two and twentieth of January,
and Sorrow of Heart it was to him, to with ſome Reproaches, he let them
find them falling into Heats and Divi- know he could do the Buſineſs without
frons ; that he would have them take Now them; and ſo diſmiſſed them with
tice of this, that the fame Government much Evidence of his Diſpleaſure :
made him a Protector, that mads them And they again retired to their. Habi.
169
tations,
A
7 H
582
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
tions, reſolvid to wait another Oppor- which Prince Maurice bad been; was
tunity of Revenge, and in the mean caſt away in the Indies near two years
Time to give no Evidence of their before ; and that Prince Rupert was
ſubmitting to his Uſurpation, by un return'd with very ill Healib.
The
dertaking any Imployment or Office King ſent preſently to welcome him,
under his Authority, he as carefully en- andito invite him to Paris to attend his
deavouring and watching to find ſuch Health ; and his Majeſty preſumed
an Advantage againſt them, as might that, by the Arrival of this Fleet,
make them liable to the Penalty of the whic
which he thought muſt be very rich,
Laws.
he ſhould receive ſome Money, that
Whatever Uneaſineſs and Perplexity would enable him to remove out of
Cromwell found in his Condition at France; of which he was as weary as
home, the King found no Benefit It was of him.
from it abroad, or from the Friend But before the Prince came to Paris
fhip, or the Indignation of other he gave the King ſuch an Account, as
Princes; they had all the ſame terrible made it evident that his Majeſty was
Apprehenſion of Cromwell's Power as to expect no Money; That what Trea-
if he had been landed with an Army ſure had been gotten together, which be
in
any
of their Dominions, and look’ú confeſſed, had amounted to great Value,
upon the King's Condition as deſpe- had been all loſt in the ship in which
rate, and not to be ſupported. The himſelf was (that ſprung a Plank in the
Treaty between France and England Indies, when his Highneſs was mira-
proceeded very faſt; and every Day culouſly preſerv'd) and, in a Boat,
produced freſh Evidence of the good carried to another Ship, when that the
Intelligence between Cromwell and the . Antelope, with all the Men, and all
Cardinal. The Ships and Priſoners that bad been gotten funk in the Sea;
which had been taken when they went and that much of the other Purchaſe had
to relieve Dunkirk, and by the taking been likewiſe caft away in the Ship in
whereof Dunkirk had been loſt, were which his Brother periſhd; which was
now reſtored, and ſet at Liberty; and after his own Misfortune : So that all
ſuch mutual Offices perform'd between that was brought into Nantes, would
them, as, with frequent Evidences of ſcarce pay of the Sea-men, and diſ-
Averſion from the King and his In- charge fome Debts at Toulon, which
tereſt, made it very manifeſt to his the Prince had contracted at his for-
Majeſty, that his Reſidence would not mer being there, during the Time
be fuffer'd to continue longer in France, that the King had been in Holland.
after the Alliance ſhould be publiſh'd The King wearied with the Uneaſi-
with Cromwell'; which was not yet neſs of his Entertainment, and the
perfected, by the Cardinal's bluſh- Change he every Day diſcover'd in the
ing to conſent to fome Propoſitions, Countenance of the French Court to
without which the other's faſt Friends him, grew very impatient to leave
ſhip was not to be obtain'd; and he France;" and propoſed to go to the hi-
was not willing that Modeſty Should ther Parts of Germany, to meet his
be conquer'd at once, though every Siſter, the Princeſs of Orange, at the
body knew it would quickly be proſti. Spazo.
Which Reſolution was very
tuted.
graceful to every body, more from the
At this Time the King was inform'd Wearineſs they had of France, than
by the French Court, That Prince Ru- from the Foreſight of any Benefit and
pert, who had been ſo long abſent, hav- Advantage that was like to accrue by
ing gone with the Fleet from Holland the Remove. But his Majeſty, who need
before the Murther of the late King, ed no Spurs for that Journey, was the
and bad not been beard of in fone Years, inore diſpoſed to it by the extraordinary
was now upon the coaſt of France, and Importunity of his Friends in England;
Soon after ät Nantes in the Province of who obſerving the ſtrict Correſpon-
Britain, with the Swallow, a Ship of dence that was between the Cardinal
the King's, and with three or four other and Cromwell, and knowing that the
Ships; and that the Conſtant Reforma- Alliance between them was very near
tion, another Ship of the King's, in concluded, and being inform'd that
there
1
1
1
4
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 58;
there were Conditions agreed upon, Reſolution to be gone, which he ſtill
which were very prejudicial to the doubted, till he heard from Holland
King, did really apprehend that his that the Princeſs Royal did really pro-
Majeſty's Perſon might be given up; vide for her Journey to the Spaw, he
and thereupon fent Harry Seymour, did let the King know, That; again
who, being of his Majeſty's Bed- the Time that kis Majeſty appointed his
Chamber, and having his leave to at. Remove, bis Arrears should be either
tend his own Affairs in England, they entirely paid, or so much of his Debts
well knew would be believ'd by the ſecured to his. Creditors, as should well
King, and being addreſſed only to the ſatisfy them; and the reſt should be paid
Marquis of Ormond, and the Chancel- to his Receiver for the Charge of the
lor of the Exchequer, he might have fourney; and likewiſe aſſured his Ma-
Opportunity to ſpeak privately
and un- jeſty, That for the future, the monthly
diſcover'd, and return again with Se- Aſignation ſhould be punEtually paid to
curity, as he, and divers Meſſengers whomſoever. bis Majeſty would appoint
of that kind, frequently did. He was to receive it. This Promiſe was better
fent by the Marquis of Hertford, and comply'd with than any other that had
the Earl of Southampton, with the Pri- been made, till ſome Years after, th
vity of thoſe few who were truſted by King thought fit to decline the receiv
thern, To be very importunate wiih the ing thereof.
King, that be would remove out of Whilſt the King is preparing for his
France; and to communicate to his Ma- Journey to meet the Princeſs of Orange;
jeſty all wbich they receiv'd from Per- it will be fit to look back a little on
fons wbo were admitted into many of the the Condition of the reſt of his Bro-
ſecret Reſolutions, and Purpoſes of thers and Siſters. After that the Prin-
Cromwell.
cefs Henrietta' had been ſecretly con,
And becauſe they well knew in vey'd from Oatlands into France, by
what Streights the King was for Mo- the Lady Moreton her Governeſs, in
ney, they found fome Means at that the Year forty ſix; and the Duke of
Time to fend him a Supply of about York, in the Year forty eight; had
three thouſand Pounds; which the made his Eſcape from St. James's i
King receiv'd, and kept with great where he, and the reſt of the Royal
Secrecy. They ſent him word like. Family that remaind in England, were
wiſe, That wherever he ſhould chooſe to under the Care and Tuition of the Earl
reſide out of France, they were confident of Northumberland; the Parliament
bis Servants in England, under what would not ſuffer, nor did the-Earl de-
Perſecution foever i hey lay, would ſend fire, that the reſt ſhould remain longer
him fome Supply : But whilſt he re under his Government. But the other
main'd in France, no body would be pre- two, the Princeſs Elizabeth, and the
vaild with to ſend to him.
Duke of Gloceſter, were committed to
The King was glad to be confirmd the Counteſs of Leiceſter; to whom
in the Reſolution he had taken by his ſuch an Allowance was paid out of the
Friends Advice; and that they had in 'Treaſury, as might well defray their
ſome Degree enabled him to proſecute Expences, with that Reſpect that was
it; which was the more valuable, be- due to their Birth; which was per-,
cauſe it was known to none. Yet his form’d towards them as long as the
Debts were ſo great in Paris, -and the King their Father liv'd. But as ſoon
Servants who were to attend him in fo as the King was murder'd, it was or-
ill a Condition, and without all Con- der'd that the Children ſhould be re-
veniences for a Journey, that, if the mov'd into the Country, that they
Cardinal did not take care for the Pay- might not be the Objects of Reſpect to
ment of all the Arrears, which were draw the Eyes and Application of Peo-
due upon the Alignment they had ple towards them. The Allowance
made to him, he ſhould not be able to was retrench'd, that the Attendants
make his Journey.
and Servants might be leſſen'd; and
But in this he receiv'd ſome Eaſe Order was given, That they mould be
quickly; for when the Cardinal was treated without any Addition of Tilles,
ſatisfied, chat his Majeſty had a full and thatthey ſhould fit at tbeir Meat as
ibe,
.
[
584 The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
the Children of the Family did, and all whº was now about twelve Years of
at one Table.' Whereupon they were Age, and a Prince of extraordinary
removid to Penſburſt, a Houſe of the Hopes both from the Comelineſs and
Earl of Leiceſter's in Kent; where they Gracefulneſs of his Perſon, and the
liv'd under the Tuition of the ſame Vivacity and Vigour of his Wit and
Counteſs, who obſerv'd the Order of Underſtanding, which made him much
the Parliament with Obedience enough: ſpoken of, might, at fome time or
Yet they were carefully look'd to, and other, be made uſe of by the diſcon-'
treated with as much Reſpect as the tented Party of his own Army to give
Lady pretended ſhe durſt pay to them. himn Trouble, or whether he would
There, by an Act of Providence, ſhew the Contempt he had of the
Mr. Lovel, an honeſt Man, who had Royal Family, by ſending another of
been recommended to teach the Earl it into the World to try his Fortune,
of Sunderland, whore Mother was a he did declare one Day to the Parlia-
a Daughter of the Houſe of Leiceſter; ment, That he was well content that ibe
became likewiſe Tutor to the Duke of Son of the late King, who was then in
Gloceſter ; who was by that Means, Cariſbrook Caſtle, ſhould bave Liberigi
well taught in that Learning that was to tranſport himſelf into any Parts be-
fit for his Years, and very well in- yond the Seas, as be should defire :
ſtructed in the Principles of Religion, which was at that Time much won-
and the Duty that he owed to the King der'd at, and not believ'd; and many
his Brother : All which made the thought it a Preſage of a worſe Incli-
deeper Impreſſion in his very pregnant nation; and for ſome Time there was
Nature, by what his Memory retain'd no more Speech of it. But Notice and
of thoſe Inſtructions which the King Advice being ſeni to'the Duke by thoſe
his Father had, with much Fervour, who wiſh'd his Liberty, that he ſhould
given him before his Death. But proſecute that Order and Releale, He,
fhortly after, the Princeſs Elizabeth, who deſired moſt to be out of Re-
and the Duke of Gloceſter, were re- ſtraint, ſent his Tutor, Mr. Lovel, to
mov'd from the Government of the London, to be adviſed by Friends what
Counteſs of Leiceſter, and ſent into he ſhould do to procure ſuch an Or-
the Iſle of Wight to Cariſbrook Caſtle; der, and Warrant, as was neceſſary.
where Mildmay was Captain ; and the for this Tranſportation. And he, by
Care of them committed to him, with the Advice of thoſe who wiſh'd well
an Affignation for their Maintenance ; to the Affair, did fo dextrouſly follicit
which he was to order, and which in it, that he did not only procure an Or-
truth was given as a Boon to him; and der from the Parliament that gave him
he was required ſtrictly, That no Per- Liberty to go over the Seas with the
Son Bould be permitted to kiſs their Duke, and to require Mildmay to per-,
Hands, and that they ſhould not be other- mit him to embark, but likewiſe five
wiſe treated than as the Children of a hundred Pounds from the Commiſ-
Gentleman ; which Mildmay obſerv'd fioners of the Treaſury, which he re-
very exactly, and the Duke of Gloceſter ceiv’d, to defray the Charges and Ex-
was not call'd by any other Style than, pences of the Voyage ; being left to
Mr. Harry. The Tutor was continued, provide a Ship himſelf, and being
and ſent thither with him; which oblig'd to embark at the Ine of Wight,
pleaſed him very well. And here they and not to ſuffer the Duke to go on
remain'd at leaſt two or three Years. Shore in any other Part of England.
The Princeſs died in this place; and, This happen'd in the Year 1652;
according to the Charity of that Time and was ſo well proſecuted, that, ſoon
towards Cromwell, very many would after, the King receiv'd Advertiſement
have it believ'd to be hy Poyſon ; of from his Siſter in Holland, That the
which there was no Appearance, nor Duke of Gloceſter was arriv'd there'; and,
any Proof ever after made.
would be the next Day with ber; which
But whether this Reproach or Suf was no ſooner known than the Queen
picion made any Impreſſion in the very earneſtly deſired, that he mighs
Mind of Cromwell, or whether he had be preſently ſent for to Paris, that the
any Jealouſy that the Duke of Gloceſter, might ſee him; which ſhe had never
I
donc
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 583
done ſince he was about a Year old; leaſt Notice taken of him, through
for within ſuch a ſhort Time after he thoſe Provinces ; ſo great a Terror
was born, the Troubles were ſo far poffeffed the Hearts of all the Spaniards,
advanced, that her Majeſty made her left their ſhewing any Reſpect to the
Voyage into Holland, and from that King in his Paffage through their
Time had never ſeen him. The King Country, ſhould incenſe Cromwell a-
could not refuſe to ſatisfy his Mother gainſt them, whoſe Friendſhip they
in ſo reaſonable a Deſire, though he yet feem'd to have hope of.
did ſuſpect that there might be a From thence his Majeſty proceeded
farther Purpoſe in that Deſign of ſee to Mons and Namur ; where he had a
ing him, than was then own'd. And pleaſant Paſſage by Water to Liege ;
therefore he had diſpatch'd preſently a from whence, in five or ſix Hours, he
Meſſenger to the Hague, that his Bro- reach'd the Spaw, the next Day after
ther might make all poſſible Haſte to the Princeſs Royal, his beloved Siſter,
Paris. He was accordingly preſently was come thither, and where they re-
ſent for and came to Paris, to the folv'd to ſpend two or three Mouths
Satisfaction of all who ſaw him. together, which they did, to their
It was about the Beginning of June ſingular Content and Satisfaction. And
that the King left Paris; and having for ſome Time the Joy of being out of
receiv'd a Paſs from the Arch-Duke France, where his Majeſty had enjoy'd
for his paſſing through Flanders, ſo no other Pleaſure than being alive,
warily worded, that he could not but and the Delight of the Company he
take Notice, that it was expected and was now in, ſuſpended all Thoughts
provided for, that he ſhould by no of what Place he was next to retire to.
Means make any unneceſſary Stay in For as it could not be fit for his Siſter
his Journey; and he found the Gates to ſtay longer from her own Affairs in
of Cambray ſhut when he came thither; Holland, than the. Pretence of her
and was compeld to ſtay long in the Health requir’d, ſo the Spaw was a
Afternoon, before they were open'd to Place that no body could ſtay longer in
receive him; which they excuſed, By than the Seaſon for the Waters conti-
reaſon, that they underſtood the Enemy nued; which ended with the Summer.
was at hand, and intended to fit down The King ſtay'd not ſo long at the
before; that City; of which there ap- Spaw as he meant to have done, the
peard in the Face of all the People, Small Pox breaking out there'; and
and the Governor himſelf a terrible one of the young Ladies who attended
Apprehenfion. But, upon Recollec- upon the Princels Royal, being ſeized
tion, his Majeſty was well receiv'd by upon by it, died; ſo that his Majeſty,
the Governor, and treated and lodged and his Sifter, upon very ſudden
that Night by him in his Houſe; who Thoughts, remov'd from the Spaw to
was the better compoſed by his Ma- Aken, or Aquiſgrane, an Imperial, and
jeſty's aſſuring him, That the French free Town, govern'd by their own
Army was at a great Diſtance from Magiſtrates ; where the King of the
bim, and that his Majeſty had paſed Romans ought to receive his firſt Iron
through it the Day before (when Mar- Crown, which is kept there. This
fhal Turenne had drawn up the Army Place is famous for its hot Baths, whi-
to receive his Majeſty; the Duke of ther many come after they have drank
York having there taken his leave of the cold waters of the Spaw, and was
the King) and by the March that they a Part of the Preſcription which the
then appear'd to make, there was great Phyſicians had made to the Princeſs,
reaſon to conclude, that they had no De- after ſhe ſhould have finiſh'd her Wa-
Sign upon Cambray ; which good Infor ters in the other place. Upon that
mation made the King's Preſence the Pretence, and for the Uſe of thoſe
more acceptable. But beſides the Ci. Baths, the Courts remov'd now thither ;
vility of that Supper, and Lodging but in truth that the King might make
that Night, his Majeſty had not the his Reſidence, there, the Town being
leaſt Addreſs from the Arch-Duke, large, and the Country about it plea-
who was within four or five Leagues ſants and within five Hours (for the
with his Army, but paffed without the Journies of thoſe Countries are mea-
170
71
ſured
:
586
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ſured by Hours) (of Maeſtricht, the cluded, that the Princeſs Royal ſhould
moſt pleaſant Seat within the Dominion make Cologne her Way into Holland;
of the United Provinces. The Ma- which was reaſonable enough, by the
giſtrates receiv'd the King ſo civilly, Convenience of the River for the
that his Majeſty, who knew no other commodious Tranſportation of her
Place where he was ſure to be admit- Goods, and Family: And the King
ted, reſolvd to ſtay there; and in or- accompanying her ſo far, might make
der thereunto, contracted for a conve a. Judgment, upon this Obſervation,
nient Houte, which belonged to one whether it would be beſt for him to
who was called a Baron ; whither he ſtay there, or to return to Aken; where
reſolv'd to remove, as ſoon as his he would leave his Family, as the
Siſter, who had taken the two great Place where he had taken a Houſe,
Inns of the Town for her's, and the and to which he meant in few Days to
King's Accommodation, ſhould return return. With this Reſolution they left
into Holland:
Aken, abont the Middle of September ;
The Seaſon of the Year now begun and lodging one Night at Juliers,
to appreach that would oblige the they came the next Day to Cologne ;
Princeſs Royal to return to the Hague, where they were receiv'd with all the
left the jealous States, from her long Reſpect, Pomp, and Magnificence,
Abſence, might be induced to contrive that could be expected, or the City
ſome Act prejudicial to her and her could perform. The Houſe which the
Son; which ſhe was the more liable to, Harbingers of the Princes had taken
from the unkind Differences between for her Reception, ſerv'd likewiſe to
Her and the Princeſs Dowager, Mo accommodate the King; and the Ma-
ther of the deceaſed Prince of Orange, giftrates perform'd their Reſpects to
a Lady of great Cụnning and Dexterity both with all poſſible Demonſtration
to promote her own Intereſt. The Air of Civility.
of Aken, and the ill Smell of the Soon after the Princeſs of Orange
Baths, made that Place leſs agreeable profécuted her Journey to Holland ;
to the King than at firſt he believ'd it his Majeſty remaining at Cologne; the
to be; and he wiſh'd to find a better Magiſtrates renewing their Civilities,
Town to reſide 'in, which he might and Profeſſions of Reſpect to the King;
be put to endure long. The City of which they always made good ; nor
Cologne was diſtant from Aken two. could his Majeſty have choſen a more
ſhort Days Journcy, and had the Fame convenient Retreat in
any
Place; and
of an excellent Situation. But the he, being well refreſh: with the Di-
People were reported.to be of a proud vertiſements he had enjoy'd, betook
and mutinous Naturę, always in himſelf with great Chearfulneſs to corr-
Rebellion againg their Biſhop and poſe his Mind to his Fortune ; and,
Prince, and of ſo much Bigotry in Re- with a marvellous Contentedneſs, pre-
ligion, that they had expelled all Pro- ſcribed fo many Hours in the Day to
teſtants out of their City, and would his Retirement in his Cloſet; which
ſuffer no Exerciſe of Religion, but of he employ'd in reading, and ſtudying,
the Roman Catholick. So that there both the Italian and French Langua-
ſeem'd little Hope that they would ges; and, at other Times, walked
permit the King to reſide there ; the much upon the Walks of the Town,
rather, becauſe it was the Staple for (for he had no Coach, nor would ſuf-
the Wines of that Country, and main- fer his siſter to leave him one) and
tain'd a good Intelligence and Trade fometimes rid into the Field; and, in
with England. If the King ſhould the whole, fpent his Time very well.
ſend thither to provide a Houſe, and Within a ſhort Time after his Ma-
declare a Purpoſe to ſtay there, and jeſty's Return to Cologne, he receiv'd
they ſhould refuſe to receive him, it News that exceedingly afiicted him,
might be of ill Conſequence, and and the more, that he knew not whac
frighe any other Places, and Aken it- Remedy to apply to the Miſchief
ſelf, from permitting him to return which he ſaw was likely to befall him
thither; and therefore that Adventure upon it. From Paris, his Majeſty
was to be avoided. At laſt it was con- heard, that the Queen had put away
the
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
- 587
.
the Tutor he had left to attend his having the pleaſant Abby of Pontoiſe,
Brother the Duke of Gloceſter ; who entertain’d his Highneſs'.there, ſe-
remain'd at Paris, upon her Majeſty's queſter'd from all Reſort of ſuch Per-
Deſire, that he might learn his Exer- ſòns as might confirm him in his
ciſes. The Queen had conferr'd with Averſeneſs from being converted.
him, upon the Deſperateneſs of his As foon as the King receiv'd this
Condition, in refpext of the King his ‘Advertiſement, which both the Duke
Brother's Fortune, and the little Hope and his Turor made hafte to tranſmit
that appear'd that his Majeſty could ever to him, he was exceedingly perplexed.
be refiored, at leaſt if he did not himſelf On the one hand, his Majeſty knew
become Roman Catholick; whereby the the Reproaches which would be caſt
Pope, and other Princes of that Re- upon him, by his. Enemies, who took
ligion, might be united in his Quarrel; all the Pains they could to perſwade
which they would never undertake upon the World, that he himſelf had chang-
any other Obligation : That it was 'ed his Religion ; and though his Ex-
therefore fit that the Duke, who had no- erciſe of it was ſo publick, wherever
thing to ſupport him, nor could expect he was, that Strangers reſorted to it,
any Thing from the King,
ſhould be in- and could bear Witneſs of it, yet their
Structed in the Roman Catholick Re- Impudence was ſuch in their poſitive
ligion ; that ſo, becoming a good Catho- Averment, that they perſwaded many
lick, he might be capable of thoſe Advan- in England, and ſpecially thoſe of the
- tages which ber Majeſty ſhould be able Reform’d Religion abroad, that his
to procure for him : That the Queen of Majeſty was in truth a Papiſt : And
France would bereupon confer Abbies his leaving his Brother behind him in
and Benefices upon him, to ſuch a Value, France, where it was evident the
as would maintain him in that Splendor Queen would endeavour to pervert
as was ſuitable to bis Birth: That, in him, would be an Argument, that he
o little Time, the Pope would make him did not deſire to prevent it : On the
a Cardinal; by which he might be able other ſide, he knew well the little
to do the King his Brother much Service, Credit he had in France, and how far
and contribute to his Recovery ; '
where- they would be from aſtífting him, in á
as, without this, he muſt be expoſed to Conteſt of ſuch a Nature with his Mo-
great Neceſity, and Miſery, for that ſhe ther. However, that the World
was not able any longer to give him might ſee plainly that he did all that
Maintenance. She found the Duke was in his Power, he fent the Marquis
more reſolute than the expected from of Ormond with all poſſible Expedition
his Age; he was ſo well inſtructed in into France; who, he very well knew;
his Religion, that he diſputed againſt would ſteadily execute his Commands.
the Change : Urged the Precepts he He writ a Letter of Complaint to the
had receiv'd from the King his Father, Queen, of her having proceeded in
and his dying in the Faith he had pre- that Manner in a Matter of ſo near
ſcribed to him ; put her Majeſty in Importance to him, and conjur'd her,
mind of the Promiſe ſhe had made to to diſcontinue the Proſecution of it; and
the King his Brother at parting; and ſuffer bis Brother the Duke of Glo.
acknowledged That he had obliged him- ceſter to repair with the Marquis of
ſelf to his Majeſty, that he would never Ormond to his Preſence. He com-
change his Religion ; and therefore be- manded the Duke, not to conſent to any.
fought ber Majeſty, that she would not Propoſitions which ſhould be made to him
fariker preſs him, at leaſt till he ſhould for the Change of his Religion; and
inform the King of it. The Queen that he ſhould follow the Aivice of the
well enough knew the King's Mind, Marquis of Ormond, and accompany
and thought it more excuſable to pro- him to Cologne. And he directed the
ceed in that Affair without imparting Marquis of Orirond, to let Mr. Mon,
it to him; and therefore took upon tàgue, and whoſoever of the Engliſh
her the Authoriey of a Mother, and ſhould juỳn with him, know, that they
remov'd his Tutor from him'; and Mould expect ſuch a Reſentment from his
committed the Duke to the Care of Majeſty, if they did not comply with his
Abbot Montague her Almoner; who, Commands, as should be ſuitable to biis
Honour,
5
588
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Honour, and to the Affront put upon leaft would act no Part in the Defence
bim.
of it.
The Marquis behaved himſelf with Before the Meſſengers Departure,
ſo much Wiſdom and Reſolution, that or the King's Reſolution was taken,
though the Queen was enough offend- the Earl of Rocheſter, who was always
ed with him, and with the Expoftula- jealous that ſome body would be Ge-
tion the King made with her, yet ſhe neral before him, upon the firſt News
thought not fit to extend her Power in of the general Diſpoſition and Reſolu-
detaining the Duke, both againſt the tion to be in Arms, deſir'd the King,
King's and his own Will; and the That he would permit him to go over in
Duke, upon the Receipt of the King's Diſguiſe, to the End that getting to
Letter, declar'd, That he would obey London, which was very eaſy, bie
bis Majeſty; and the Abbot found, might, upon adviſing with the principal
that he muſt enter into an abſolute De- Perſons engaged, of whom there was
fiance with the King, if he perſiſted in none who had not been commanded by
adviſing the Queen not to comply with him, or not inferior to him in Command,
his Majeſty's Directions : So that, aſiſt them in their Enterprize, and
after two or three Days Deliberation, make the beſt of that Force which they
the Queen expreſſing very much Dif- could bring together; and if he found
pleaſure at the King's Proceeding, and they were not in truth competently pro-
that ſhe ſhould wholly be diveſted of vided to ſuſtain the firſt Shock, he might,
the Power and Authority of a Mother, by his Advice, and Authority, compoſe
told the Marquis, That the Duke might them to expect a better Conjunkture, and
diſpoſe of himſelf as be pleaſed; and that in the mean Time to give over all incon-
he would not concern herſelf farther, fiderable Attempts ; and there would be
nor ſee him any more. And thereupon little Danger in his withdrawing back.
the Duke put himſelf into the Hands again to his Majeſty.
of the Marquis; who immediately re With this Errand the Earl left Cor
movd him from Pontoiſe to the Houſe logne, and finding Sir Joſeph Wagſtaff,
of the Lord Hatton, an Engliſh Lòrd, who had ſerv'd the King in the laſt
who liv'd then in Paris ; where he War very honeſtly, and was then
remain'd for ſome Days, untill the watching at the Sea-Coaſt to take the
Marquis could borrow Money (which firſt Opportunity to tranſport himſelf
was no eaſy Matter) to defray the as ſoon as he ſhould hear of the general
Journey to the King. And then they Inſurrection (which all Letters to all
quickly left Paris ; and ſhortly after Places mention'd as a Matter reſolv'd
came to the King; who was extreamly on) Rocheſter frankly declared to him
fatisfied with the Marquis's Negotia- what he was going about : So they
tion and Succeſs; and kept his brother hired a Bark at Dunkirk; and without
always with him, till the Time that he any Miſadventure, found themſelves
returnid into England, the Queen re in Safety together at London; but ma-
maining as much unſatisfied,
ny of thoſe who ſhould have been in
The Reſt and Quiet that the King Arms were ſeized upon, and ſecured
propoſed to himſelf in this neceſſitated in ſeveral Priſons.
Retreat, was diſturb’d by the Impa here cannot be a greater Manifeſta-
tience, and A&tivity of his Friends in tion of the univerſal Prejudice and
England; who were ſo prick'd and Averſion in the whole Kingdom to-
ftung by the Inſolence of their Ene- ward Cromwell-and his Government,
mies, and the Uneaſineſs of their own than that there could be ſo many De-
Condition and Fortune, that they could ſigns and Conſpiracies againſt him,
not reft. They ſent Expreſſes every which were communicated to ſo many
Day to Cologne for more Commiſſions Men, and that ſuch ſignal and notable
and Inſtructions, and made an Erro. Perſons could reſort to London, and
neous Judgment of their own Strength remain there, without any ſuch Infor-
and Power, by concluding that all who mation or Diſcovery, as might enable
hated the preſent Government, would him to cauſe them to be apprehended ;
concur with them to overthrow it, at there being no body intent and zealous
5
to
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. : 589
to make any fuch Diſcoveries, but ſuch pear'd according to Expectation. Pen-
whoſe Trade it was for great Wages ruddock, a Gentleman of a fair Fortune,
to give him ſuch Informations, who and great Zeal and Forwardneſs in the
feldom care whether what they informy Service, Hugh Grove, Jones, and other
be true or no. The Earl of Rocheſter Perſons of Condition, were there witlt
conſulted with great Freedom in Lon a Body of near two hundred Horſe
don 'with the King's Friends; and well arm’d, which, they preſumed
found that the Perſons impriſon'd were would every Day be improved upon
only taken upon general Suſpicion, the acceſs of thoſe who had engaged
and as being known to be of that themſelves in the Weſtern Aſſociation,
Party, not upon any particular Diſco: eſpecially after the Fame of their being
very of what they deſign'd or intended up, and effecting any Thing, ſhould
to do; and that the fame Spirit ſtill come to their Ears. They accounted
poffefled thoſe who were at Liberty. that they were already ſtrong enough
În the Weſt there appear’d to be a to viſit Saliſbury in all its preſent Luſtre,
ſtrong Combination, in which many knowing that they had many Friends
Gentlemen were engaged, whole A- there, and reckoning all that who
gents were then in London, and were were not againſt them, were for them ;
exceedingly importunate to have a Day and that they ſhould there increaſe their
aflign'd, and deſired no more, than Numbers both in Foot and Horſe;
that Sir Joſeph Wagſtaff might be au with which the Town then abounded :
thorized to be in the Head of them; Nor did their Computation and Con-
who had been well known to them; jeĉture fail them. They enter'd the
and he was as ready to engage with City about five of the Clock in the
them. The Earl of Rocheſter liked the Morning: They appointed ſome Offi.
Countenance of the North better; and cers, of which they had Plenty, tộ
fent Marmaduke Darcy, a gallant Gen. cauſe all the Stables to be lock'd up,
tleman, and nobly ally'd in thoſe that all the Horſes might be at their
Parts, to prepare the Party there; and Devotion ;, others, to break open the
appointed a Day and Place for the Goals, that all there might attend their
Rendezvous; and promiſed to be him. Berefactors. They kept a good Body
ſelf there; and was contented that Sir of Horſe upon the Market-place to
Joſeph Wagſtoff ſhould go into the encounter all Oppoſitions and gave
Weft; who upon Conference with order to apprehend the Judges and the
thoſe of that Country, likewiſe ap- Sheriff, who were yet in their Beds,
pointed their Rendezvous upon a fixt and to bring them into the Market-
Day, to be within two Miles of Saliſ: place with their ſeveral Commiſſions,
bury. It was an Argument that they not caring to ſeize upon the Perſons
had no mean Opinion of their Strength, of any others.
that they appointed to appear that very All this was done with ſo little Noiſe
Day when the Judges were to keep or Diſorder, as if the Town had been
their Aflizes in that City, and where all of one Mind. They who were
the Sheriff, and principal Gentlemen within Doors, except they were com-
of the County were obliged to give manded to come out, ſtayed ſtill
their Attendance.
there, being more deſirous to hear
Sir Joſeph Wagſtaff had been for- than to ſee what was done; very ma-
merly Major General of the Foot in ny being well pleaſed, and not willing
the King's Weſtern Army, a Man that others ſhould diſcern it in their
generally belov’d. He, as ſoon as the Countenance. When the Judges were
Day was appointed, left London, and brought out in their Robes, and hum-
went to ſome of his Friends Houſes in bly. produced their Commiſſions, and
the Country, near the Place, that he the Sheriff likewiſe, Wagſtaff reſolv'd
might aſſiſt the Preparations as much after he had cauſed the King to be
as was poſſible. Thoſe at Hampſhire proclaim'd, to cauſe them all three to
were not ſo punctual at their own be hang'd (who were half dead alrea-
Rendezvous, as to be preſent at that dy). But he having not thought fit to
near Saliſbury at the Hour ; however, deliberate this before-band with his
Wagſtaff, and they of Wiliſhire, ap- Friends, many of the Country Gentle-
172
7 K
men
1
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
men were ſo ſtartled with this Propo- Journey into Devonſhire, without mect:
ſition, that they proteſted againſt it; ing any who would joyn with them,
and poor Penruddock was ſo paſſionate Horſe and Man were ſo tired for want
to preſerve their Lives, as if Works of of Meat and Sleep, that one ſingle
this Nature could be done by halves, Troop of Horſe, inferior in Number,
that the Major General durft not per and commanded by an Oficer, of no
liſt in it; but was prevail'd with to Credit in the War, being in thoſe
diſmiſs the Judges, and, having taken Parts by chance, followed them at a
their Commiſſions from them, to oblige Diſtance, till they were ſo ſpent, that
them upon another Occaſion to remem he rather intreated than compel:I'd
ber to whom they ow'd their Lives, them to deliver themſelves; fome, and
reſolving ſtill to hang the Sheriff ; amongſt thoſe Wagſtaff, quitted their
who poſitively, though humbly, and Horſes, and found Shelter in ſome
with many Tears, refuſed to proclaim honeſt Men's Houſes; where they were
the King; which being otherwiſe done, concealid till Opportunity ſerv'd to
they likewiſe prevail'd with him rather tranſport them into the Parts beyond
to keep the Sheriff alive, and to carry the Seas, where they arriv'd ſafely:
him with them to redeem an honeſter But Mr. Penruddock, Mr. Grove, and
Man out of the Hands of their Ene- moſt of the reſt, were taken Priſoners,
mies.
upon Promiſe given by the Officers
The Noiſe of this Action was very that their Lives ſhould be ſaved; which
great both in and out of the Kingdom, they quickly found he had no Autho-
whither it was quickly ſent. Without rity to make good. For Cromwell no
doubt it was a bold Enterpriſe,and might ſooner heard of this cheap Victory,
have produced wonderful Effects, if it than he ſent Judges away with a new
had been proſecuted with the ſame Re- Commiſſion of Oyer and Terminer,
ſolution, or the ſame Raſhneſs, it was and Order to proceed with the utmoſt
enter'd into. The truth is, they Severity againſt the Offenders. Pen-
did nothing reſolutely after their firſt ruddock and Grove loſt their Heads at
Action ; and were in ſuch Diſorder Exeter ; and others were hanged there;
and Diſcontent between themſelves, who having recover'd the Faintneſs
that without ſtaying for their Friends they were in when they render'd, died
out of Hampſhire (who were to the
vere to the with great Courage and Reſolution,
Number of two or three hundred profeſſing their Duty and Loyalty to
Horſe, upon their way, and would the King: Many were ſent to Saliſbury,
have been at Saliſbury that Night) up- and tried and executed there, in the
on Pretence they were expected in Place where they had ſo lately tri-
Dorſetſhire, they left the Town, and umphed į and ſome who were con-
took the Sheriff with them, about two demn'd, where there werg Fathers,
of the Clock in the Afternoon; but and Sons, and Brothers, that the
were ſo weary of their Day's Labour, Butchery might appear with ſome Re-
and their watching the Night before, morle, were repriev'd, and fold, and
that they grew leſs in love with what ſent Slaves to the Barbadoes; where
they were about, and differ'd again their Treatment was ſuch, that few of
amongſt themſelves about the Sheriff; them ever return'd into their own
whom many deſired to be preſently re- Country. Thus this little Fire, which
leaſed; and that Party carried it in probably might have kindled and eri-
hope of receiving good Offices after- Aamed all the Kingdom, was for the
wards from him. In this Manner they preſent extinguiſh'd in the Weſt, and
continued on their March Weſtward. Cromwell ſecured without the Help of
They from Hampſhire, and other Pla- his Army; which he faw, by the
ces, who were behind them, being Countenance it then ſhew'd when they
angry for their leaving Saliſbury, thought he ſhould have uſe of them,
would not follow, but ſcatter'd them- it was high time to reform; and in
ſelves; and they who were before that he reſolv'd to uſe no longer De-
them, and heard in what Diſorder they lay,
had left Wilſhire, likewiſe diſperſed : The Deſign of the North, which
So that after they had continued their was thought to be much better prea
pared
2
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
591
0
.
pared and provided for, made leſs Year 1655, after his Diffolution of his
Noiſe, and expired more peaceably. refractory Parliament, fent two very
The Earl of Rocheſter, who faw-Dan- great Fleets to Sea ; 'the one under Pen,
ger at a Diſtance with great Courage, conſiſting of about thirty Ships of War,
and look'd upon it leſs reſolutely when with which there was likewiſe embarked
it was nearer, made his Journey from a Land Army, conſiſting of four or five
London, with a Friend or two, into thouſand Foot, and two Troops of
Yorkſhire at the Time appointed ; and Horſe, under the Command of Gene-
found ſuch an Appearance of Gentle- fal Venables, a Gentleman of a good
men upon the Place, as might, very Family in Cheſhire, who had ſerved
well have deſerv'd his Patience. There long in the Army in the Condition of
had been ſome Miſtake in the Norice & Colonel, and was then called out of
that had beeen given, and they who Ireland to command in this Expedition.
did appear, undertook for many who The other Fleet was not inferior in
were abſent; that, if he would appoint Naval Strength and Power, but was
another ſhort Day for a Rendezvous, without a Land Army; and that was
he ſhould be well attended. Marmaduke committed to the Command of Blake ;
Darcy had ſpent his Time very well in whom Cromwell had all Confidence.
amongſt them, and found them well Neither Fleet knew what the other,
diſpoſed; and there could be no Dan- or what itſelf was to do, till each of
ger in ſtaying the Time propoſed, them came to ſuch a Point; where
many of them having Houſes, where they were to open their Commiſſions ;
he might be well concealed, and the and Cromwell had communicated his
Country generally wiſh'd well to the Purpoſe for either to fo very few, that,
King, and to thoſe who concern'd for many Months after they were both
themſelves in his Affairs. But he at Sea, no body knew to what they
took many. Exceptions; complain'd, were deſign'd. Thongh the Inter-
as if they had deceiv'd him; and aſked courſe between Cromwell and the Car-
many Queſtions, which were rather dinal was maintain'd with many Civi-
reaſonable than ſeaſonable, and which lities, and ſome Confidence, yet there.
would have furniſh'd Reaſons againſt was nothing of a Treaty ſign’d; he rea
entring upon the Deſign, which were ſolving, as he profeſſed, To give his
not to be urged now when they were Friendſhip to that Crown that should best
to execute, and when indeed they deſerve it : And, without doubt, both
ſeem'd to have gone too far to retire. Crowns were amuſed with his Prepa-
He had not yet heard of the ill Suc- rations, and ſollicitouś to know where
ceſs of Saliſury ; yet he did not think the Storm would fall.
the Force which the Gentlemen were The two Fleets ſet out from the
confident they could draw together, Coaſt of England ; that under Blake,
before they could meet with any Op- fome Months before the other; and
poſition, fufficient to enter upon any made its Courſe directly to the Midea
Action, that was like to be dangerous terranean; being bound in the firſt
in the End : So he reſolv'd to ſtay no place to ſuppreſs the Inſolence of thoſe
longer; the Gentlemen being as much of Algiers and Tunis, who had infeſted
troubled that he had come at all; they the Engliſh Merchants, and were grown
parted with little good Will to each powerful in thoſe Seas. When he
other, the Earl returning through by- ſhould have perform'd that Service, he
Roads to London, which was the le. was to open another Commiſſion,
cureſt Place, from whence he gave which would inform him what Courſe
the King Notice of the Hopeleſnefs of he was to ſteer ; the other Fleet under
his Affairs.
Pen was bound directly to the Barbas
Cromwell, whoſe great Heart was does; where they were to open their
follicitous to extend the Terror of his Commiſſions, and to deliver Letters to
Name into Foreign Countries, by that Governor.
There they found,
which Method he thought to render that they were to take in new Men for
the rough and ſtubborn Humours of the Land Army, and then to proſecute
the People at home more obſequious to their Courſe directly to the Inand of
to him, had in the Beginning of the Hiſpaniola, The Governor had Or-
dres
1
592
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
ders to ſupply new Men for the Expe. that it was an ill Preſage of the Mif-
dition; and there were Ships ready for adventure that follow'd, The Loſs of
their Tranſportation, there being a that Time in their Advance had ano.
marvellous Alacrity in the Planters of ther very ill Effect. For the Inhabi-
thoſe Leeward Iſlands, which were tants of the Town, that, at the firſt
overſtock'd with Inhabitants, to ſeek Appearance of ſuch a Fleet,' the like
their Fortune farther from home. So whereof in any Degree they had never
that after a ſhorter Stay at the Barba- ſeen before, had been ſeized upon by
does, than they had reaſon to expect, fuch a Confternation, that they de-
having now found there two Frigats ſpair’d of making any Reſiſtance ;
(which Cromwell had ſent before to when they ſaw their Enemies proceed
prepare all Things ready, and to put fo Nowly, and engaged in ſuch a
ſeveral Shallops together, which were March as muſt tire and infinitely an-
brought ready in Quarters) and mak- noy chem, they recovered their Spirits,
ing Prize of about forty Dutch Ships, and prepared for their Defence. So
belonging to their new Allies of Hol that when Venables, upon the Con:
land, for trading thither (contrary to junction with his other Forces, and
the Act of Navigation) about the End after having found fome freſh Water
of March they ſet Sail, with an Addi to refreſh his Men, advanced towards
tion of four or five thoufand Foot for the Town, his Forlorne Hope found
the Land Army, towards St. Chriſto- themſelves charged by a Party of Horſe
phers ; where, after a ſhort Stay, they arm’d with long Lances, and other
receiv'd about fifteen hundred Men Arms, which they had not been ac-
more : So that Venables had now un cuſtom'd to; ſo, tired and diſmayed
der his Command a Body of above nine with their March and Heat, they bore
thouſand Men, with one Troop of the Charge very ill, and were eaſily
Horfe more more, which the Planters routed, and routed thoſe which were
of Barbadoes joyn’d to him; and have behind them; and were, in that Dif-
ing a proſperous Wind, they came, order, purſued till they came to their
about the Middle of April, within main Body; upon Sight whereof the
View of Santo Domingo; which is the Spaniard retired without any Loſs,
chief City and Port of the Inand of having left the Captain of the Forlorne
Hiſpaniola.
Hope, and above fifty of his Company
Their Orders from Cromwell were dead upon the Place. The Engliſh re-
very particular, and very poſitive, tired back in great Diſcomfort to the
that they ſhould land at ſuch a Place, Bay, and the freſh Water River they
which was plainly enough deſcribed to had found there ; where they ſtay'd ſo-
them. But whether they did not clearly long, that the General thought his
underſtand it, or thought it not ſo Men not only enough refreſh'd, but
convenient, when they were near e- enough confirm'd in their Reſolutions
nough to make a Judgment of it, they to redeem the Shame of their laſt Dif-
called a Council of War; and it was order, having gọt Guides, who under.
there reſolv'd that General Venables took to conduct them a nearear Way
ſhould land in another Place (which to the City, and that they ſhould not
they conceiv'd' to be much nearer the go near a Fort, which the Spaniards
Town than in truth it was) and from had in a Wood, from whence they had
thence march directly to it, there be- been infeſted. The Common Opinion
ing another Brigade of Foot to be that the Negroes, Natives of thoſe
landed, at a leſs Diſtance from the Parts, are ſuch Enemies to the Spa-
Town, in a Bay, that ſhould joyn with niards, that they are willing to betray
them ; and joyn they did. But by the them, and do any Miſchief to them,
March which Venables had made, in mighé poſſibly incline the Engliſh to
which he ſpent two Days and a half give Credit to thoſe Guides. But they
in the Woods and uneafy Pallages, and did conduct them directly to the Fort;
in the terrible Heat of that Country's near which an Ambuſcade in the
Sun, where they found no Water to Woods diſcharged a Volley again up-
drink, they were ſo diſpirited before on the Forlorne Hope, and fell then
they joynd with their Companions, in upon them with ſuch Fury, that
3
dif-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
593
diſorder'd the whole Army; which, and thunder'd wich his great Guns up-
though it recover'd the Courage once on the Town; whilft he fent out reve-
more to make an Attempt upon that ral long Boats mann'd with ſtout Må-
Fort, was again ſeized upon by ſuch a riners, who, at the fame Time; en-
panick Fear, which made them directly ter'd with very notable Reſolution into
Ay back to the Bay, with the Loſs of their Harbours, and ſet Fire to all
above fix hundred Men, whereof their the Ships there, being nine Meri öf
Major General was one.
War; which were burnt 'to Aſhes;
This Fright they never recover'd; and this with the Loſs only of five and
but, within few Days after having un- twenty of the Engliſh, and about eight
dergone many Diſtreffes by the incole- and forty hurt, all the Boats with the
rable Heat of the Climate, and the reſt of the Men, returning ſafe to the
Negroes killing their Men every Day, Ships. This was indeed an Action of
as they went into the Woods to find the higheſt Conduct and Courage, and
Meat, they were, within five or ſix made the Name of the Engliſh very
Days after the Beginning of May; terrible and formidable in thoſe Seas.
compelld to reimbark themſelves on The Succeſs of both Fleets came to
board the Fleet, with a thouſand Men Cromwell's Notice about the famë
leſs than had been landed, who had Time, but did not affect him alike.
by ſeveral Ways loſt their Lives there; He was 'never fo difcompoſed (for hiel
for which they reveng'd themſelves had uſually a great Command over his
in a Neighbour Inand, call'd Jamaica; Paſſions) ás upon the Miſcarriage of
where they made another Deſcent, took. Hiſpaniola. And as ſoos as they came
their City, and drove all the Inhabis on Shore, he committed both Ben and
tants into the Woods. And here they Verables to the Tower, and could ne-
left a good Body of Foot conſiſting of ver be perſwaded to truſt either of
three or four thouſand Men, under the them again; and ċeuld not, in a long
Command of a Colonel, to fortify and Time, ſpeak temperately of that Als
plant in this Iſand, a Place fruitful in fair. However, he loft no Time in
itſelf, and abounding in many good cheriſhing his Infant Plantation in
Proviſions, and a perpetual ſharp Thorn Jamaica'; which many thought to be
in the sides of the Spaniard; who' re at too great a Diſtance, and wiſh'd the
ceiv'd exceeding Damage from thence; Men might be recalled; but he would
they who were ſo eaſily frighted and not hear of it; and ſerit preſently a
beaten, when they were in a great Body good Squadron of Ships, and a Recruit
upon the other Iſland, making after- of fifteen hundred Men to carry on
wards frequent Incurſions, with ſmall
' that Work; and reſolvd nothing
Numbers, into it from Jamaica ; fack- more than to make a continual War
ing their Towns, and returning with from that. Plaće upon the Spaniard.
very. rich Booty. When Venables had When Admiral Blaker had ſubdued!
put this Iſland into as good Order as' the Turks at Tunis andi Algiers, and
he could, he return’d with Pen into betaken himſelf to the Coaſt of Spain,
England.
and by the Attempt of Hiſpaniold, and
The other Fleet under the Command the Poffeſfion of Jamaica, the War
of Blake had better Succeſs, without was ſufficiently declar'd againſt the Cam
any Miſadventures. After he had re tholick King, Mountaguë, a" youfig
duced thoſe of Algiers, where he an Gentlemani of a good Family, who
chored in their very Mole, to ſubmit had been drawn into the Party' of
to ſuch Conditions for the Time paſt, Cromwell; and ſerv'd under hitti, as á
and the Time to come, as he thought Colonet in his Army with much Cout
reaſonable, he failed to Tunis; which rage, was ſent with an Addition of
he found better fortify'd and more re- Ships to joyn with Blake, and jóýnds
folv’d; for that King return'd a very in Commiſſion of Admiral and General
rude Anſwer, contemning his Strength, with him; Blake having found himſelf
and undervaluing his Menaces, and much indiſpoſed in his Health, and
refuſing to return either Ship or Priſo- having deſired that another might' bé
ner that that had been taken. Where- ſent to affiſt him, and to take care of
upon Blake put his Fleet in. Order, the Fleet, if worſe ſhould befal' him.
173
7 L
Upon
.
594
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Upon his Arrival with the Fleet, they entring into the Houſe, who did nci
lay long before Cadiz in Expectation of firſt ſubſcribe, That they would at no-
the Saniſh. Weſt India Fleet, and to thing prejudicial to the Government of
keep in all Ships from going out to it was eſtabliſh'd under a Protector ;
give Notice of their being there. Af- which being tender’d, many Members
ter fome Months Attendance, they utterly refuſed, and return'd into their
were at laſt compelld to remove their Countries, where they were not, for
Station, that they might get freſh the moſt Part, the worſe weiqome for
Water, and ſome other Proviſions inſiſting upon their Privileges, and
which they wanted ; and ſo drew off Freedom of Parliament.
to a convenient Bay in Portugal, and The major Part frankly ſubmitted
leſt a Squadron of Ships to watch the and ſubſcribed ; ſome of them, that
Spaniſh Fleet; which, within a very that they might have the letter Op-
ſhort Time after the Remove of the portunity to do Miſchief. S:s a Speaker
Engliſh Fleet, came upon the Coaſt; was choſen ; and at firſt they proceeded
and before they were diſcover'd by the fo unanimouſly, that the Protector be-
Commander of the Squadron who was gun to hope that he has gain'd his
to the Leeward, made their way ſo Point. With very little, or no Con-
faſt, that when he got up with them tradiction, they paſſed an Act of Re-
(though he was inferior to them in nunciation of any Title that Charles
Number) they rather thought of fay- Stuart (for ſo they had long called the
ing their Wealth by Flight, than of King) or any of that Family might
defending themſelves; and ſo the Spa- pretend; and this all Men were bound
niſh Admiral run on Shore in the Bay; to ſubſcribe. With as little Oppoſition.
and the Vice-Admiral, in which was they paſſed another, whereby it was
the Vice-King of Mexico with his made High Treaſon to attempt any
Wife, and Sons, and Daughters, fir'd; Thing againſt the Life of the Protec-
in which the poor Gentleman himſelf, tor. Then they paſſed ſeveral Acts
his Wife, and his eldeſt Daughter pe- for raiſing Money by way of Contri-
riſh'd : His other Daughters, and his bution in England, Scotland, and Ire-
two Sons, and near one hundred others, land, in greater Proportion than had
were ſaved by the Engliſh; who took ever yet been raiſed.
the Rere-Admiral, and another Ship, The Protector himſelf ſeem'd to de-
very richly laden; which, together fire nothing more than to have the
with the Priſoners, were fent into Eng- Authority they had formerly given
land, the reſt eſcaped into Gibraltar. him, at leaſt, that he had exerciſed
Cromwell now thought his Reputa- from the Time he was Protector, con-
tion, both abroad and at home, ſo firm’d, and ratified by Act of Parlia-
good, that he might venture again ment. And if it had been ſo, it had
upon calling of a Parliament; and, by been much greater than any King ever
their Countenance and Concurrence, enjoy'd. But he had uſed to ſpeak
fuppreſs, or compoſe thoſe refractory much, That it was pity the Nobility
Spirits, which croſſed him in all Pla- should be totally ſuppreſed; and that the
ces; and having firſt made ſuch She Government would be better, if it paf-
riffs in all Counties as he thought ſed another Conſultation beſides that of
would be like to contribute to his De- the Houſe of Commons. In Matter of
ſigns, he ſent out his. Writs to call a Religion, he would often ſpeak, That
Parliament to meet at Weſtminſter; there was much of Good in the Order of
upon the Seventeenth of September, in Biſhops, if the Droſs were ſcower'd off.
the Year 1656. When, upon the He courted very much many of the
Returns, he found that though in ſome Nobility, and uſed all Devices to dif-
Places he had ſucceeded according to poſe them to come to him ; and they
his Wiſh, it was in others quite the who did viſit him were uſed with ex-
contrary, and that very many Mernberstraordinary Reſpect by him; all which
were return'd, who were Men of the raiſed an Opinion in many, that he
moſt notorious Malignity againſt him, did in truth himſelf affect to be King;
he therefore reſorted to his old Security, which was the more confirm’d, when
to keep all Manner of Perſons from many of thoſe who had neareſt Relation
+
IO
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
595
}
to him, and were moſt truſted by him, as paſſionately contradicted the Mo-
propoſe in direct Terms, That they tion, as any of the other Officers; and
might inveſt Cromwell with the Title, confidently undertook to know, That
Rights, and. Dignity of a King; and himſelf would never conſent to it; and
then be would know what he was to do therefore that it was very ſtrange that
toward the Satisfaction of all Parties, any Men should importune the putting
and how to govern thoſe who would not such a Queſtion, before they knewer that
be fatisfied.
he would accept it, unleſs they took this
This Propoſition found a great Con- Way to deſtroy him. Upon this (for
currence ; and very many who uſed which the Undertakers receiv'd no
not to agree in any thing elſe, were of Thanks) the firſt Debate was put off,
one Mind in this, and would preſently till farther Conſideration.
vote him King. And it was obſerv'd The Debate was reſumed again the
that no hody was forwarder in that next Day, with the fame Warmth,
Acclamation, than ſome. Men who the ſame Perſons ſtill of the fame Opi-
had always had the Reputation of great nion they had been before : Moſt of
Fidelity to the King, and to wiſh his the Officers of the Ariny, as well as
Reftauration : And it cannot be de- they who were the great Dependents
nied that very many of the King's Party, upon, and Creatures, of Cromwell, as
were fo deceived in their Judgments, as paſſionately oppoſed the making him
really to believe, that the making King, as Lambert and the reſt did,
Cromwell King for the preſent, was the who look'd to be ſucceſſive Protectors
beſt Expedient for the Reſtoration of after his Deceaſe;. only it was ob'erv’d,
his Majeſty. But the more fober Per- that they who the Day before had un-
ſons of the King's Party, who made dertaken, that he himfelf would never
leſs Noiſe, trembled at this Overture; endure it, 'urged that Argument no
and believ'd that it was the only Way, more; but inveigh'd ſtill againſt it as
utterly to deſtroy the King, and to a monſtrous Thing, and that which
pull up all future Hopes of the Royal would infallibly ruin him. But moſt
Family by the Roots.
of thoſe of his Privy Council; and
On the other Side, Lambert, who others neareſt his. Truſt, were'as vio-
was the Second Man of Power in the lent and as poſitive for the declaring
Army, and many other Officers of him King, and much the major Part
Account and Intereſt, beſides the of the Houſe concurr'd in the ſame
Country Members, oppoſed this Over- Opinion; and notwithſtanding all was
ture with great Bitterneſs and Indig- faid to the Contrary, they appointed a
nation : Some of them faid directly, Committee of ſeveral of the moſt emi-
That if, contrary to their Oaths and nent Members of the Houſe to wait
Engagements, and contrary to the End, upon him, and to inform him of, the
for obtaining whereof they had ſpent so very earneſt Deſire of the Houſe that he
much Blood and Treaſure, they muſt at would take upon him the Title of King.
laſt return and ſubmit to the old Govern He gave them Audience in the
ment, and live again under a King, Painted Chamber, when they made
they would chooſe much rather to obey the bare Overture to him, as the De-
the true and lawful Heir to the Crown, fire of his Parliament ; at which he
who was deſcended from a long Succeſſion ſeem'd ſurprized; and told them, He
of Kings who had managed the Scepter wonderd bow any ſuch Thing came into
over the Nation, than to ſubmit to a their Minds; that it was neither fit for
Perſon who at beſt was but their Equal, them to offer, nor bim to receive ; that
and raiſed by themſelves from the ſame he was ſure they could diſcover no ſuch
Degree of which they all were, and by Ambition in him, and that his Con-
the truſt they had repoſed in him, had ſcience would not give him leave ever to
raiſed bimſelf above them. That which conſent to own that Title. They who
put an End to the preſent Debate was, were well prepared to expect ſuch an
that ſome of his own Family, who had Anſwer, told him, That they boped,
grown up under him, and had their be would not so ſuddenly
. give poſitive
whole Dependence upon him, as Defn Denial to what the Parliament had de-
borcugh, Fleetwood, Whaley, and others, fired upon ſo long, and mature Delibera-
tion;
596
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
"
;
tion ; that they, who knew his Modeſty of Pauſes; with frequent Mention of
well, and that be more affeated to deſerve God and his gracious Diſpenſation, he
the higheſt Titles than to wear them, concluded, That he could not, with a
were appointed to offer many Reaſons, good Conſcience, accept the Government
which had induced the Houſe to make this under the Title of a King.
Requeſt to him.
But his Modeſty, or his Wiſdom,
Cromwell heard their Arguments or his Fear in the refuſing that fupreme
with great Attention, and wanted not Title, ſeem'd not to be attended with
Inclination to have concurrid with the leaſt Diſadvantage to him. They
them; he thanked them, For the Pains who had moſt lignally oppoſed it,
they had taken, to which he would not were ſo ſatisfied that the Danger they
take upon him to give a preſent Anſwer; moſt apprehended was over, that they
that he would conſider of all they had cared not to croſs any Thing elſe that
ſaid to him, and reſort to God for Coun was propoſed towards his Greatneſs;
cil; and then he would ſend for them, which might be their own another
and acquaint them with bis Reſolution ; Day : And they who had carried on
and ſo they parted, all Men ſtanding the other Deſign, and thereby, as they
at Gaze, and in terrible Suſpence, ac- thought, obliged him, reſolv'd now to
cording to their ſeveral Hopes' and give him all the Power which they
Fears, till they knew what he would knew he did deſire, and leave it to his
determine. All the Diſpute was now own Time, when with leſs Heſitation
within his own Chamber. There is no he might aſſume the Title to. And ſo
Queſtion the Man was in great Agony, they voted, that he ſhould enjoy the
and in his own Mind did heartily de- Title and Authority he had already;
fire to be King, and thought it the which they enlarged in many Particu-
only Way to be ſafe.
lars, beyond what it was by the firſt
He was not terrified with the Ops Inſtrument of Government, by another
poſition that Lambert gave him ; whom Inſtrument, which they called the
he now looked upon as a declared and Humble Petition and Advice; in which
mortal Enemy, and one whom he muſt they granted him not only that Autho.
deſtroy, that he might not be deſtroy. rity for his Life, but Power by his laſt
ed by him : Nor did he much conſi- Will and Teſtament, and in the Pre-
der thoſe other Officers of the Army, ſence of ſuch a Number of Witneſſes,
who in the Houſe concurr'd with Lam- to make choice of, and declare his own
whoſe Intereſt he did not believe Succeffor ; which Power fhould never
to be great; and if it were, he thought be granted to any other Protector than
he ſhould quickly reduce them, as himſelf.
ſoon as Lambert ſhould be diſgraced, He ſent now for his eldeſt Son Ri-
and his Power taken from him. But chard; who, till this Time, had liv'd
he trembled at the Obſtinacy of thoſe privately in the Country upon the For-
who; he knew, loved him ; his Bro tune his Wife had brought him, in an
ther Deſborough, and the reſt, who ordinary Village in Hampſhire; and
depended wholly upon him, and his brought him now to the Court, and
Greatneſs, and who did not wiſh his made him a Privy Counſellor, and
Power and Authority leſs abſolute than cauſed him to be choſen Chancellor of
And that theſe Men ſhould, the Univerſity of Oxford. His Son
with that Virulence, withſtand this Harry he had ſent into Ireland, and
Promotion, griev'd him to the Heart. made him his Lieutenant of that King-
Upon the whole Matter, after a great dom, that he might be ſure to have no
Diſtraction of Mind, which was mani- Diſturbance from thence.
Feſt in his Countenance to all who then He had only two Daughters unmar-
ſaw him, notwithſtanding his Science ried : One of thoſe he gave to the
in Diffimulation, his Courage faild Grandſon and Heir of the Earl of War-
him; and, as his Looks were ex- wick, a Man of a great Eſtate, and
tremely diſcompoſed, and diſcover'd a thoroughly engaged in the Cauſe from
Mind full of Trouble, and Irreſolu- the Beginning; the other was married
tion, ſo his Words were broken and to the Lord Viſcount Falconbridge, the
disjoynted, without Method, and full Owner likewiſe of a very fair Eltate in
3
2orks
bert;
O
it was.
$
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
597
1
1
Yorkſhire, and deſcended of a Family niards; which, in truth, with all its
eminently Loyal. There were many Circumſtatices, was very wonderful,
Reaſons to believe, that this young and will never be forgotten in Spain,
Gentleman, being then of about three and the Canaries. The Fleet had rode
or four and twenty Years of Age, of out all the Winter Storms before Cales
great Vigour and Ambition, had many and the Coaſt of Portugal, after they
good Purpoſes, which he thought that had ſent home thoſe former Ships
Alliance might qualify and enable him which they had taken of the Weſt In-
to perform. Theſe Marriages were dian Fleet, and underſtood by the Pri-
celebrated at White-hall with all ima- foners that the other Fleet from Peru,
ginable Pomp and Luftre; and it was which is always much richer than that
obſerv'd, that tho' the Marriages were of Mexico, was undoubtedly at Sea,
perform'd in publick View according to and would be on the Coaſt by the Be-
the Rites and Ceremonies then in Uſe, ginning of the Spring, if they receiv'd
they were preſently afterwards in pri. not Advertiſement of the Preſence of
vate married by Miniſters ordain'd by the Engliſh Fleet; in which Caſe they
Biſhops, and according to the Form in were moſt like to ſtay at the Canaries.
the Book of Common Prayer; and this The Admiral concluded, that, bot-
with the Privity of Cromwell; who withſtanding all they had done, or
pretended to yield to it in Compliance could do to block up Cales, one Way
with the Inportunity, and Folly of or other they could not be without that
his Daughters.
Advertiſement; and therefore reſolv'd
Theſe Domeſtick Triumphs were to fail with the whole Fleet to the
confirm'd, and improv'd by the Suc- Length of the Canaries, that if iç were
ceſs of his Arms abroad. Though the poftible; they might meet with the
French had no Mind to apply thoſe Galleons before they came thither ;
Forces upon Dunkirk, which they were and if they ſhould be firſt got in thi-
oblig'd, when taken, to put into ther, they would conſider what was to
Cromwell's Hands, and ſo march to be done.
other Places, which they were to con With this Reſolution the Fleet ſtood
quer to their own Uſe, in which the for the Canaries, and about the Mid-
fix thouſand Engliſh, under the Com- dle of April came thither; and found
mand of Raynolds attended themi, and that the Galleons were got thither be-
behav'd themſelves eminently well, fore them, and had placed themſelves,
and in good Diſcipline; yet his Am as they thought, in Safety. The ſmal-
baffador Lockhart made ſuch lively In- : ler Ships, being ten in Number, lay
Itances with the Cardinal, with Com- in a Semicircle, moor'd along the
plaints of their Breach of Faith, and Shore; and the ſix great Galleons (the
ſome Menaces; That his Maſter knew Fleet conſiſting of ſixteen good Ships)
where to find a more punctual Friend; which could not come ſo near the
that as ſoon as they had taken Mont- Shore, lay with their Broad-ſides to-
medy, and St. Venant, the Army wards the Offing. Beſides this good
march'd into Flanders; and though the Poſture in which all the Ships lay, they
Seaſon of the Year was too far ſpent to were cover'd with a ſtrong Caſtle well
engage in a Siege before Dunkirk, they furniſh'd with Guns; and there were
fate down before Mardike; which was ſix or ſeven ſmall Forts, raiſed in the
look'd upon as the moſt difficult Part moſt advantageous Places of the Bay,
of the Work; which being reduced, every one of them furniſh'd with divers
would facilitate the other very much : good Pieces of Cannon ; ſo that they
And that Fort they took, and deliver'd were without the leaſt Apprehenſion of
it into the Hands of Raynolds, with an their Want of Security, or Imagination
Oligation, That they would befiege Dun- that any Men would be ſo deſperate,
kirk the next Year, and make it their as to affault them upon ſuch apparent
firſt Attempt.
Diſadvantage.
But that which made a Noiſe indeed, When the Engliſh Fleet came to the
and crown'd his Succeſſes, was the Mouth of the Bay of Santa Cruz, and
Victory his Fleet, under the Command the General ſaw in what Poſture the
of Blake, had obtain'd over the Spa- Spaniard lay, he thought it impoſſible
174
7 M
to
1
598
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
to bring off any of the Galleons; how turn home. And this was the laſt Ser:
ever, he reſolv'd to burn them (which vice perform’d by Blake; who ficken'd
was by many thought to be equally im- in his Return, and in the very En-
poſſible, and ſent Captain Stayner with trance of the Fleet into the Sound of
a Squadron of the beſt Ships to fall Plymouth, expired. He wanted no
upon
the Galleons; which he did very Pomp of Funeral when he was dead,
reſolutely; whilſt other Frigats enter Cromwell cauſing him to be brought
tain'd the Forts, and leſſer Breaſt- up by Land ro London in all the State
works, with continual Broad-ſides to that could be; and to encourage his
hinder their firing. Then the General Officers to venture their Lives, that they
coming up with the whole Fleet, after might be pompouſly buried, he was
full four Hours night, they drove the with all the Solemnity poffible, and at
Spaniards from their Ships, and poffef- the Charge of the Publick, interr'd in
fed them ; yet foun:1 that their Work Harry the Seventh's Chapel, among
was not done; and that it was not only the Monuments of the Kings.
impoſſible to carry away the Ships After the taking of Mardike, Ray-
which they had taken, but that the nolds, who was Commander in Chief
Wind that had brought them into the of that Body of the Engliſh in the Ser-
Bıy, and enabled them to conquer the vice of France, endeavouring to give
Enemy, would not ſerve to carry them his Friends in England a Viſit, was,
out again ; ſo that they lay expoſed to together with ſome other Officers, who
all the Cannon from the Shore; which accompanied him, caſt away, and
thunder'd upon them. However, they drown'd at Sea; upon which, before
reſolv’d to do what was in their Power; the Diffolution of the Parliament,
and ſo, diſcharging their Broad-ſides Lockhart, who was the Protector's
upon the Forts and Land, where they Ambaſſador in France, was deſign'd
did great Execution, they ſet Fire to to take thag Charge upon him. Soon
every Ship, Galleons, and others, and after Cromwell having ſome ſharp Ex-
burn'd every one of them; which they poftulations with Lambert, ſent to him
had no ſooner done, but it happen'd for his Commiſſion; which he ſullenly
the Wind turn'd, and carried the gave up, when there was a general
whole Fleet without Loſs of one Ship Imagination that he would have refuſed
out of the Bay, and put them ſafe to to have deliver'd it. So he was de-
Sea again.
prived of his Regiment, his Authority
The whole Action was ſo miraculous, in the Army, and of being Major-
that all Men who knew the Place, General in the North, in an Inſtant,
wonder'd that any ſober Men, with without the leaſt Appearance of Con-
what Courage ſoever endued, would tradiction or Murmur ; and the Offi-
ever have undertaken it; and they cers Cromwell ſubſtituted in the ſeveral
could hardly perſwade themſelves to Places, found all the Obedience that
believe what they had done; whilſt had been paid to the other; and Lam-
the Spaniards comforted themſelves bert retired to his Garden as unviſited
with the Belief, that they were Devils and untaken Notice of, as if he had
and not Men who had deſtroyed them never been in Authority; which gave
in ſuch a Manner. So much a ſtrong great Reputation to the Protector, that
Reſolution of bold and couragious Men he was entire Maſter of his Army.
can bring to paſs, that not Reſiſtance Sir Harry Slingſby, Dr. Hewett, Co-
and Advantage of Ground can diſap- lonel Aſhton, Stacey, and Bettely were
And it can hardly be about this Time put to Death, for their
imagin'd, how ſmall Loſs the Engliſh Fidelity to his Majeſty, the two for-
ſuſtain'd in this unparellelld Action ; mer being beheaded, but the others
no one Ship being left behind, and the was drawn, hang'd, and quarter'd
killed and wounded not exceeding two with the utmoſt Rigour, in the ſeveral
hundred Men, when the Slaughter on great Streets in the City, to make the
board the Spaniſh Ships, and on the deeper Impreſſion upon the City, the
Shore was incredible.
two laſt being Citizens.
The Fleet after this, having been In the Spring the French Army ap-
long abroad, found it neceffary to re- : pear'd before Dunkirk, which brought
on

JAD
Rull
The Sea Fight between
Admiral, Blake I
and the Spaniardo
Ir. Lightbody
Sculpit
.
:
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
599
nor.
on an Action between the French and ches of it abhorring his Alliance. His
Speniſh Armies, in which the Engliſh domeſtick Delights were leſſen'd every
under Lockharts Command behaved Day; he plainly diſcover'd that his
bravely, and broke and routed the Son the Lord Falconbridge's Heart was
Spaniſh Forces; and ſoon after took ſet upon an Intereſt deſtructive to his,
the Town, the Governor being kill'd and grew to hate him perfectly. But
in a Sulley; the French delivering it that which chiefly broke his Peace,
into the Hands of Lockhart, whom was the Death of his Daughter Clay-
Cromwell had appointed to be Gover- pole; who had been always his greateſt
All Things ſucceeding thus to Joy, and who, in her Sickneſs, whichi
the Protector's Wiſh both at home and was of a Nature the Phyſicians knew
abroad, and his Greatneſs eſtabliſhed not how to deal with, had ſeveral Con-
better than it ever had been, yet it ferences with him, which exceedingly
was obſerv'd he never had the ſame Se- perplexed him. · Though no body was
renity of Mind he had been uſed to, near enough to hear the Particulars,
after he had refuſed the Crown; but yet her often mentioning, in the Pains
was out of Countenance, and chagrin, ſhe endur'd, the Blood her father had
as if he were conſcious of not having ſpilt, made People conclude, that ſhe
been true to himſelf; and much more had preſented his worſe Actions to his
apprehenſive of Danger to his Perſon Conſideration. . And though he never
than he had uſed to be. Inſomuch as made the leaſt Shew of Remorſe for
he was not eaſy of acceſs, nor ſo much any of thoſe Actions, it is very certain,
ſeen abroad; and ſeem'd to be in ſome that either'what ſhe ſaid, or her Death,
Diſorder, when his Eyes found any' affected him wonderfully.
Stranger in the Room ; upon whom Whatever it was, about the Middle
they were ſtill fixed. When he in- of Auguſt, he was ſeized on by a com-
tended to go to Hampion-Court, which mon tertian Ague, from which, he be
was his principal Delight and Diverſion, liev'd, a little Eaſe and Divertiſement
it was never known, till he was in his at Hampton Court would have freed
Coach, which Way he would go; and him. But the Fits grew ſtronger, and
he was ſtill hem'd in by his Guards his Spirits much abated : So that he
both before and behind; and the return'd again to White-Hall, when his
Coach in which he went, was always Phyſicians begun to thirk him in Dan-
thronged as full as it could be, with ger, though the Preachers, who pray'd
his Servants, who were arm’d; and he always about him, and told God Al-
ſeldom return'd the fame. Way he mighty what great Things he had donė
went; rarely lodg’d two Nights toge- for him, and how much more need he
ther in one Chamber, but had many had ftill of his Service, declared as
furniſhed and prepared, to which his from God, that he ſhould recover :
own Key convey'd him, and thoſe he And he himſelf was of the fame Mind,
would have with him when he had a and did not think he ſhould die, till
mind to go to Bed : Which made his even the Time that his Spirits fail'd
Fears the more taken notice of, and him. Then he declared to them, Thelt
publick, becauſe he had never been be did appoint his Son to ſucceed him,
accuſtom'd to thoſe Precautions. bis eldeſt Son Richard ; and ſo expired
It is very true, he knew of many on the third Day of September 1658,
Combinations to aſſaſſinate him, by a Day he thought always very propi-
thoſe who, he believ'd, wilh'd the King tious to him, and on which he had
no good. He ſeem'd to be much afflicted twice triumphed for two of his greateſt
at the Death of his Friend the Earl of Victories. And this now was a Day
Warrick, with whom he had a faſt very memorable for the greateſt Storm
Friendſhip; though neither their Hu- of Wind that had been ever known,
mour, nor their Natures, were like. for ſome Hours before and after his
And the Heir of that Houſe, who had Death, which overthrew Trees, Hou-
married his youngeſt Daughter, died ſes, and made great Wrecks at Sea ;
about the fame Time; ſo that all his and the Tempeſt was ſo univerſal, that
Relation to, or Confidence in that Fa- the Effects of it were terrible both in
mily was at an End; the other Bran- France and Flanders, where all trem-
bled
4
I
600
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
bled at it; for beſides the Wrecks all ſo deſperate ; for a more favourable
along the Sea Coaſt, many Boats were Conjuncture his Friends could never
caft away in the very Rivers ; and expect than this, which now ſeem'd to
within few Days after, the Circum- blaſt all their Hopes, and confirm their
ſtance of his Death, that accompanied utmoſt Deſpair.
that Storm, was univerſally known. It is probable that this melancholick
He was one of thoſe Men, whom Proſpect might have continued long,
his very Enemies could not condemn if this Child of Fortune could have fate
without commending him at the ſame ſtill, and been contented to have en-
Time: For he could never have done joy'd his own Felicity. But his Coun.
half that Miſchief without great Parts cil thought it neceſſary that he ſhould
of Courage, Induſtry, and Judgment. call a Parliament, to confirm what
He muſt have had a wonderful Under- they had already given him, and to
ſtanding in the Natures and Humoạrs diſpel all Clouds which might ariſe.
of Men, and as great a Dexterity in And there ſeem'd to be the more
applying them"; who, from a private Reaſon for it, becauſe the laſt Alliance
and obſcure Birth (though of a good which Oliver had made with the Crown
Family) without intereſt or Eſtate, of Sweden, and of which he was fonder
Alliance or Friendſhip; could raiſe than of all the reſt, did oblige him in
himſelf to ſuch a Height, and com the Spring to ſend a ſtrong Fleet into
pound and knead ſuch oppoſite and the Sound, to aſſiſt that King againſt
contradictory Tempers, Humours, and Denmark; at leaſt to induce Denmark,
Intereſts into a Conſiſtence, that con- by Way of Mediation, to accept of
tributed to his Deſigns, and to their ſuch Conditions as the other would be
own Deſtrnction; whilſt himſelf grew willing to give him. This could hardly
inſenſibly powerful enough to cut off be done without ſome Aliſtarce of
thoſe by whom he had climbed, in the Parliament; and therefore the new
Inſtant that they projected to demoliſh Protector ſent out his Writs to call a
their own Building. He attempted Parliament, to meet together on the
thoſe Things which no good Man durſt twenty ſeventh Day of January ; till
have ventur'd on; and atchieved thoſe which Day, for near five Months, he
in which none but a valiant and great remain'd as great a Prince as ever his
Man could have ſucceeded.
Father had been.
Richard came to the Parliament in
The next Morning after the Death the ſame State that Oliver his Father
of Oliver, Richard his Son is pro- had done; and recommended to them
claim'd his lawſul Succeſſor; the Ar- the Proſecution of the War with Spain,
my congratulate their new General, and the Alfiſtance of the King of Swe-
and renew their Vows of Fidelity to den in the Sound. He had no good
him; the Navy doth the like ; the Fortune at the Beginning, that all the
City appears more unanimous for his Commons ſign’d an Engagement not
Service, than they were for his Fa- to alter the preſent Government. But
ther's; and moſt Counties in England, they were no ſooner incloſed within
by Addreſſes under their Hạnds, teſti. thoſe Walls, than there appear’d the
fied their Obedience to their new So old Republican Spirit, though more
vereign without any Heſitation. The wary than it had uſed to be. It begun
Dead is interr'd in the Sepulcher of the with enquiring into the Accounts, how
Kings, and with the Obſequies due to the Money had been ſpent, and into
ſuch. His Son inherits all his Great- the Offices of Exciſe and Cuſtoms, and
neſs, and all his Glory, without the what was become of that Revenue.
publick hate, that vdibly attended the When they were called upon to ſettle
other. Foreign Princes addreſſed their the Act of Recognition, to confirm
Condolances to him, and deſired to Richard, and his Authority in the
renew their Alliances ; and nothing State, &they would firit inform them-
was heard in England but the Voice of felves of their own Authority, and
*Joy, and large Encomiums of their how far the Government was already
new Protector : So that the King's ſettled, and what Part was fit to be
Condition never appear'd ſo hopeleſs, aſſign'd to the other Houſe; which
4
they
in the Reign of King CHARLES İ. 601
.
they would by no means allow to be a by their own Authority, and admitted
Part of the Government already eſta Lambert, though no Member of the
bliſh'd, which they had promiſed not Army, to conſult with them; they
to alter. Upon this Argument they neither liked Protector nor Parliament,
exerciſed themſelves with great Li- but conſulted what Government to ſet-
cence, as well upon the Creator of tle, that might be better than either :
thoſe Peers, and the Power of the late Yet they would not incenſe them both
Protector, as upon his Creatures the together, nor appear to have any Dif-
Peers; of whoſe Dignity they were inclination to Richard, who had many
not tender, but handled them accord- of his neareſt Friends amongſt them.
ing to the Quality they had been of, They therefore prepared an Addreſs to
not that which they were now grown him; in which they complain'd of;
to. They put the Houſe in mind, The great. Arrears of Pay that were duė
How grievous it had been to the King- to the Army, by which they were in great
dom, that the Biſhops had ſate in the Streights : That they, who had born
Houſe of Peers, becauſe they were look'd the Brunt of the War, and undergone all
upon as so many Votes for the King; the Difficulties and Danger of it, were
which was a Reaſon much ſtronger now undervalued, derided, and laid
againſt theſe Perſons; who were all the afide ; that the Good Old Cauſe was ill
Work of the Protector's own Hand, and ſpoken of; aud traduced by Malignants
therefore could not but be entirely, ad- and diſaffected Perſons. That the
dieted and devoted to his Intereſt. They Names of all thoſe who had fate upon
concluded, That they could not, with the late King as Judges, were lately
good Conſciences, and without the Guilt printed, and ſcatter'd abroad, as if they
of Perjury, even confent, that that other
were deſign d for Deſtruktion. By all
Houſe Should have any part of the Go- which, they ſaid, It was very manifeſt,
verment, ſince they had all
. taken the En- that the Good Old Cauſe was declined;
gagement, that there fould be no more which they were refolv'd to aſert. And
any Houſe of Peers; and ſince the Office therefore they beſought his Highneſs
of Protektor bad been, and might ſtill to repreſent thoſe their Compkints to
continue without it:
the Parliament; and to require proper
Notwithſtanding all this Confidence, and ſpeedy Remedies.
which diſturbed the Method intended This Addreſs was deliver'd from the
to be proceeded on, this violent Party Army by Fleetwood to Richard, on
could not prevail, but it was carried April 6th 1659; which was no ſooner
by the major Part of the Houſe, That known, than Tichburn, and Ireton;
they would meet, and confer with the two Aldermen of London, and princi-
other Houſe, as a part of the Parlia- pal Commanders of that Militia, drew
ment, during this preſent Parliament; up likewiſe a Remonftrance, and ſent
and likewiſe, that ſuch other Perſons, as it to the Council of Officers; in which
had a Right to come to that other Houſe, they declared their Reſolutions with the
and had not forfeited it by their Breach Army to ſtick to the Good Old Cauſe;
of Truft (by which they meant thoſe and that they were reſolv'd to accompa-
Lords who had been always againſt the. ny them, in whatſoever they ſhould do
King) ſhould not be reſtrain’d from com for what they call'd the Nation's Good.
ing thither : Yet the Temper of the The Parliament was quickly alarm’d
Houſe of Commons could hardly be with theſe Cabals of the Army; and
judged by all this." Some Things were the City; which Richard was as much
done, which looked like Condeſcention terrified with, as they. In Order to
· to the Royal Party; but more for the the Suppreſſion thereof, the Parliament
Countenance of the Preſbyterians; and yoted, That there ſhould be no meeting;
whatſoever contradicted thoſe who or General Council of Officers, without
were for a Republick, was looked up- the Protector's Conſent, and by his Or-
on as favourable to the Protector. der : And that no Perſon should have
The ſtirring theſe ſeveral Humours, Commands by Sea or Land, in either of
and the drowſy Temper of Richard, the three Nations, who did not immet
raiſed another Spirit in the Army. A diately ſubſcribe, that he would not di-
new Council of Officers met together ſturb the free Meeting of Parliaments;
175
7 N
4
602
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
•
or of any Members in either Houſe of thoſe who celld themſelves the Councii
Parliament ; nor obftru&t. their Freedom of the Army, and to think of puniſhing
in Debates and Counſels. Theſe Votes, their Preſumption. Ingoldſby, Whalley,
or to this Effect, were ſent to Richard, and Goffe, three Colonels of the Army,
and by him preſently to Wallingford and the two former, Men of ſignal
Houſe, where the Council of Officers Courage, offer'd to ſtand by him ;
then fate.
and one of them offer'd to kill Lambert
Theſe Officers were Men who re- (whom they look'd upon as the Au-
ſolv'd to execute as well as order; they thor of that Conſpiracy) if he would
knew well that they were gone much give him a Warrant to that Purpoſe.
too far, if they went no farther : And Richard continued irreſolute, now
therefore they no ſooner receiv'd theſe declined one way, then another. But
Votes, but they fent Fleetwood and Des- in the End, Deſborough and his Com-
borough to Richard (the firſt had mar- panions prevaild with him, before
ried his Siſter; the other was his Un- they parted, to ſign a Commiſſion,
cle; both raiſed by Cronwell) to ad- which they cauſed to be prepared to
viſe him forthwith to diffolve the Par- Nathaniel Fiennes, his Keeper of the
liament. They were two upon whoſe Seal, to diffolve the Parliament the next
Affection, in regard of the Nearneſs of Morning; of which the Parliament
their Alliance, and their Obligation to, having notice, they reſolv'd not to go
and Dependence upon his Father, he up. So that when Fiennes fent for them
had as much Reaſon to be confident, to the other Houſe, the Commons ſhut
as on any Men's in the Nation. Fleet- the Door of their Houſe, and would
wood uſed no Arguments but of Con not ſuffer the Gentleman Uſher of the
ſcience, To prevent the Nation’s being Black-Rod to come in, but adjourn'd
engaged in Blood; which, he ſaid,, themſelves for three Days, till the five
would inevitably fall out, if the Par- and twentieth of April, imagining that
liament were not preſently diſſolvid. they ſhould by that Time convert the
Deſborough a Fellow of a rough and Protector from deſtroying himſelf.
rude Temper, treated him only with But the poor. Creature was ſo hated by
Threats, and Menaces ; told him, It the Council of Officers, that he pre-
was impoſſible for him to keep both the ſently cauſed a Proclamation to be if-
Parliament and the Army, his Friends; ſued out, by which he did declare the
wiſhed him, to chooſe which he would Parliament to be diffolved. And from
prefer : If he diſolv'd the Parliament that Minute no body reſorted to him,
out of hand, he bad the. Arny at bis nor was the Name of the Protector af
Devotiin; if he refuſed that, he believ'd terwards heard of, but in Deriſion ;
the Army would quickly pull him out of the Council of Officers appointing
White-Hall.
Guards to attend at Weſtminſter, which
The poor Man had not Spirit enough kept out thoſe Members, who in pur-
to diſcern what was beſt for him; and fuance of their Adjournment, would
yet he was not without Friends to have enter'd into the Houſe upon the
counſel him, if he had been capable to Day appointed. Thus, by extreme
receive Counſel. Beſides many Mem- Pufillanimity, the Son ſuffer'd himſelf
bers of the Parliainent, of Courage to be ſtripped, in one Moment, of all
and Intereſt, who repair'd to him with the Greatneſs, and Power, which the
Aſſurance, That the Parliament would Father had acquired in ſo many Years,
continue firm 10 him, and deſtroy the 'with wonderful Courage, Induſtry, and
Ring-leaders of this Seditious Crew, if Reſolution.
be would adhere to the Parliament; but. When the Council of Officers had,
if he were prevailid upon to diſolve it, with this ſtrange Succeſs, having no
he would be left without a Friend; and Authority but what they gave one ano-
they who had compelld him to do so im- ther, rid themſelves of a Superior; or,
prudent an Action, wonld contemn bim as the Phraſe then was, remov'd the
when he bad done it : Some Officers of ſingle Perſon, they knew that they
the Army likewiſe of equal Courage could not long hold the Government
and Intereſt with any of the reſt, per- in their own Hands, if, before any
ſwaded him, To rejeet the Deſire of thing elſe, they did not remove In-
5
gollby.
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
603
This de.
golſby, Whalley, Goffe, and thoſe other who well knew all the Members, to
Officers, who had diffwaded Richard inform the Guards, who were, and
from ſubmitting to their Advice, from who were not to go into the Houſe.
having any Command in the Army; We muſt, for the better Obſerva.
which they therefore did; and repla- tion, and Diſtinction of the ſeveral
ced Lambert, and all the reſt who had Changes of the Government, call this
been caſhier'd by Oliver into their own Congregation of Men, who were now
Charges again. So that the Arny was repoſſeſſed of it, by the Style they call
become Republican to their Wilh; themſelves, The Parliament; how far
and that the Government might return they were ſoever from being one:
to be purely ſuch, they publiſh'd a They reſolv'd in the firſt place, to
Declaration upon the Sixth of May, vindicate and eſtabliſh their own Au-
wherein, after a long Preamble in thority; which they could not think
Commendation of the Good Old Cauſe, to be firm, whilſt there was ſtill a Pro-
and accuſing themſelves, for having tector, or the Name of a Protector in
been inſtrumental in declining from it; being, and reſiding at White-Hali.
they remember'd, that the long Par. They appointed therefore a Committee
liament, conſiſting of thoſe Members that to go to Richard Cromwell, and that
continued to fit till the twentieth of April he might have Hope they would be
1653 (which was the Day that Crom- his good Maſters, firſt to enquire into
well, with the Affiſtance of theſe very the State of his Debts, and then to
Officers, had pulld them out of the demand of him, whether he acquieſced
Houſe, and diſmiſſed them) had been in the preſent Government? He, al-
eminent Aferters of that Cauſe, and had ready humbled to that Poverty of Spi-
a ſpecial Preſence of God with them, rit they could wiſh, gave the Commit-
and were ſignally bleſſed in that Work., tee a Paper, In which he ſaid, was the
They ſaid, That the Deſires of many State of his Debts, and how contracted ;
good People-concurring with them, they which amounted to twenty nine thou-
did, by that Declaration, invite thoſe fand ſix hundred and forty Pounds.
Members to return to the 'Diſcharge To the other Queſtion, his Anſwer
of their Truf, as they had done before was likewiſe in writing ; That he truſteds
bis Carriage and Behaviour bad mani.
This reſtoring the, Rump Parlia- feſted his Acquieſcence in the Will and
ment was the only way in which they good Pleaſure of God, and that he loved
could moſt agree, though it was not and valued the Peace of the Commons
ſuitable w what ſome of them deſired : wealth much above his private Concern-
They well foreſaw, that they might ment; defiring by this, that a Meaſure
give an Opportunity to more People of his future Comportment might be
to come together than would be for taken. That as to the late Provi-
their Benefit; for that all the ſurviving dence that had fallen out, bowever, in
Members of that Parliament would reſpect of the particular Engagement that
pretend a Title to fit there : And lay upon him, he could not be active in
therefore, they did not only carefully making a Change in the Government of
limit the Convention to ſuch Members the Nations, yet, through the Goodneſs
who had continued to ſit from January of God, he could freely acquieſce in it
Guard likewiſe to attend to hinder,
and keep the other Members from en but they were not without Apprehen-
tring into the Houſe. When Lenthal, fion that they ſhould find a more re-
the Speaker, with forty or fifty of thoſe fractory Spirit in his Brother Harry,
old Members ſpecified in the Declara- who was Lieutenant of Ireland, and
tion, took their Places in the Houſe, look'd upon as a Man of another Air
and ſome of the old excluded Members and Temper. He had in his Exerciſe
likewiſe got in, and enter'd into De- of that Government, by the Frankneſs
bate with them upon the Matters pro- of his Humour, and a general Civility
poſed, the Houſe was adjourn'd till towards all, and very particularly
the next Day : And then better Care obliging fome, render'd himſelf gra-
was taken, by appointing ſuch Perſons; cious and popular to all Sorts of People,
and
that Day.
1
1
604
Tie Hiſtory of the Rebellion
and might have been able to have made tal) deliver'd up their Commiſſions,
fome Conteſts with the Parliament. and took new ones in the Form that
But as ſoon as he receiv'd an Order was preſcribed. So that now they faw
from them to attend them in Perſon, not how their Empire could be ſhaken.
he thought not fit to be wiſer than his But theſe Men had not fate long in
elder Brother, and came over to them their old Places, when they call’d to
even ſooner than they expected, and mind how they had been uſed after
laid his Commiſſion at their Feet; they had been depoſed, the Reproaches,
which they accepted, and put the Go- and the Contempt they underwent
vernment of that Kingdom into the from all kind of People; but above all,
Hands of Ludlow, and four other the Scoffs and Deriſion they ſuffer'd
Commiffioners.
from the King's Party, when they ſaw
Monk from Scotland preſented his 'them reduced to the fame Level in
Obedience to the Parliament, and the Power and Authority with themſelves.
Aſſurance of the Fidelity of the Army And though the Smart they felt from
under his Command, to all their De- others, vexed and anger'd them as
terminations. The Navy congratulated much, yet they were content to ſuf-
their Return to the Sovereign Power, pend their Revenge towards them,
and tender'd their Submiffion. The that they might with leſs Controle ex-
Embaffadors who were in the Town, erciſe their Tyranny over the poor
quickly receiv'd new Credentials, and broken Cavaliers. So they made a pre-
then had Audience from them, as their fent Order, 'To baniſh all who had ever
good Allies, making all the Profeffions manifeſted any Affection to the King, or
to them, which they had formerly bis Father, twenty Miles from London;
done to Oliver and Richard. They and reviv'd all thoſe Orders they had
fent Embaſſadors to the Sound, to me- formerly made, and which Cromwell
diate a Peace between thoſe two had aboliſhed, or forborne to execute;
Crowns, being reſoly'd to decline all by which many Perſons were commit-
Occaſions of Expence abroad, that ted to Priſons for Offences they thought
they might the better ſettle their Go- had been forgotten. Soon after this
vernment at home. To that Purpoſe Sir George Booth, a Perſon of the beſt
they were willing to put an End to the Quality and Fortune in that County,
War with Spain, without parting with came into Cheſter with a good Trocp
any Thing that had been taken from of Horſe, and finding others, though
it which would not confift with their not in the Number he looked for, he
Honour.
retired with thoſe he had into Cheſter,
Now there appear'd as great a Calm where his Party was ſtrong enough:
as ever, and their Government well And Sir Thomas Middleton, having kept
fettled, to the general Content of their his Rendezvous, came thither to him,
Party, who teſtified the ſame by their and brought Strength enough with him
Acclamations, and likewiſe by parti- to keep thoſe Parts at their Devotion,
cular Addreſſes. And that they might and to ſuppreſs all there who had Incli-
be ſure to be liable to no more Affronts, nation to oppoſe his Majeſty's-Intereſt.
they would no more make a General, The Fame of this Action of theſe
which might again introduce a ſingle two Gentlemen, raiſed the Spirits of
Perſon ; the Thought of which, or of all Men. They who were at Liberty
any Thing that might contribute to- renew'd their former Deſigns; and
wards it, they moft heartily abhorråd. they who could not promiſe themſelves
And to make that impoffible, as they Places of Refuge, prepared themſelves
thought, they appointed, The Speaker to march to Cheſter, if Sir George Booth
to execute the Office of General, in ſuch did not draw nearer with his Army;
Manner as they mould direct; and that which in truth he meant to have done,
all Commiſions ſhould be granted by him, if the Appointments which had been
and ſealed with their own Seal; all the made, had been obſerv’d.
Seals uſed by the Cromwells being bro This Fire was kindled in a Place
ken.. And accordingly all the Officers which the Parliament leaſt ſuſpected;
of the Army, and Navy (for the and they were the more alarm'd at the
Speaker was Admiral as well as Gene- News of it; and knew it would ſpread
1
2
far,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 605
far, if it were not quickly quenched; Reſiſtance, Middleton accepted ſuch
and they had now too ſoon uſe of their Conditions as he could obtain, and
Army, in which they had not Confi- fuffer'd his goodly Houſe, for the
dence. There were many Officers ſtrength of the Situation; to be pulled
whom they had much rather truſt than down.
Lamberi; but there was none they This Succeſs put an end to all endea-
thought could do their Buſineſs ſo well: vours of force in England ; and the
So they made choice of Him to march Army had nothing to do but to make
with ſuch Troops as he liked, and with all Perſons Priſoners whoſe looks they
the greateſt Expedition, to ſuppreſs did not like ; ſo that all Priſons in
this new Rebellion, which they law England were filld; whilft the Parlia-
had many Friends. He undertook the ment, exalted with their Conqueſt;
Charge very willingly, being deſirous conſulted what Perſons they would
to renew his Credit with the Soldiers; Execute, and how they ſhould Confil-
who had loved to be under his Com cate the reſt; by means whereof; they
mand, becaufe, though he was ſtrict made no doubt they ſhould deſtroy all
in diſcipline; he provided well for Seeds of future Inſurrections on the be-
chem, and was himſelf eſteenr'd bravé half of the King, many of the Nobility
upon any Action. He cared not to being at preſent in Cuſtody. And
take any thing with him that might they reſolv’d, if other Evidence was
hinder his march ; which he reſolv'd wanting, that the very ſuſpecting them
ſhould be very ſwift, to prevent the ſhould be ſufficient reafon to continue
increaſe of the Enemy in Numbers. them there.
And he did make incredible hafte, ſo After the defeat of Booth and Mid-
that Sir George Booth found he was in dleton, and the King's hopes ſo totally
leſs than a days march, before he deſtroy'd, the Parliament thought of
thought he could have been half the Tranſporting the Loyal Families into
way. Sir George himſelf had not been the Barbadoes; and Jamaics, and other
acquainted with the War, and the Plantations, left they might hereafter
Officers who were with him, were not produce in England Children of their
of one mind or humour; yet all were Fathers Affections, and by degrees, ſo
deſirous to fight (the natural Infirmity to model their Army that they might
of the Nation, which could never en never give them more trouble. They
dure the view of an Enemy, without had ſent Lambert a thouſand pounds to
engaging in a Battle) and inſtead of buy him a Jewel; which he employ'd
retiring into the Town, which they better by beſtowing it among the Offi ,
might have defended againſt a much cers, who might well deſerve it of
greater Ariny than Lambert had with him. This Bounty of his was quickly
him, longer than he could ſtay before known to the Parliament; which con-
it, they marched to meet him; and cluded, that he intended to make a
were, after a ſhort Encounter, routed Party in the Army, that ſhould more
by him, and totally broken : fo that, depend upon Him than upon Them.
the next Day, the Gates of Cheſter. And this put them in mind of his for-
were open'd to Lambert ; Sir George mer behaviour ; and that it was by
Booth himſelf making his flight in a His Advice, that they were firſt diſ-
diſguiſe ; bùt he was taken upon the folvid, and that He in truth had helped
way, and ſent Priſoner to the Tower. to make Cromwell Protector, upon his
Lambert proſecuted the Advantage promiſe that He ſhould ſucceed him ;
he had got, and marched into North and that he fell from him only becauſe
Wales, whither Sir Thomas. Middleton he had fruſtrated him of that Expe-
was retired with his Troops to a ſtrong Etation. They therefore reſolv'd to fe-
Caſtle of his own; and he thought cure him from doing farther harm,
neither the Man, nor the Place, were aſſoon as he ſhould come to the Town.
to be left behind him. It was to no Lambert, inſtead of making haſte
purpoſe for one Man to oppoſe the to them, found ſome delays in his
whole Kingdom, where all other Per- march (as if all were not fafe) to ſéiſe
ſonsappeared ſubdued. And therefore, upon the Perſons of Delinquents. He
after a day or two making ſhew of was well inform’d of their good pur.
177
poſes
70
1.
606
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
poſes towards him, and knew that the till the Afternoon ; when they produ .
Parliament intended to make a Peace ced the Petition. Whereupon the
with all Foreigners, and then to Dif- Parliament, 'that they might diſcoun-
band their Army, excepe only ſome tenance and exclude any Addreſs of
few Regiments, which Ihould conſiſt that kind, paſſed a Vote, That ihe ba-
only of Perſons at their own Devotion. ving more General Oficers was
, a thing
He therefore contrivd a Petition, needleſs, chargeable, and dangerous to
which was ſign'd by the inferior Offi- the Commonwealth.
cers of his Army; in which they de The Parliament, that was govern'd
ſir'd the Parliament, That they might by Vane and Haſlerig (the Heads of
be govern'd, as all Armies uſed to be, the Republick Party, though of very
by a General, who might be amongſt, different Natures and Underſtandings)
them, and other Officers, according to found there would be no compounding
their Qualities ſubordinate to him. this diſpute amicably, but that one
They made a large Recapitulation of Side muſt be ſuppreſſed. They reſolv'd
the many Services they had done, which therefore to take away all hope of Sub-
they thought were forgotten ; and that ſiſtance from the Army, if they ſhould
now lately they had preſerv'd them from be inclined to make any alteration in
an Enemy, which, if they had been ſuf- the Government by force. In order
ferd to grow, would, in a ſhort time, thereunto they declared, That it ſhould
have overrun the Kingdom, and engaged be Treaſon in any perſon whatſoever to
the Nation in a new bloody War; to raiſe, levy, and colleɛt Money, without
which too many Men were ſtill inclined; Conſent in Parliament.
Then chey
and concluded with a deſire, That they made void all Acts for Cuſtom, and
would commit the Army to Fleetwood, Exciſe ; and by this there was nothing
as General; and that they would appoint left to maintain the Army, except
Lambert to be Major General
. Fleet- they would prey upon the People,
wood was a weak Man, but very po- which could not hold long. Next
pular with all the praying part of the they caſhier'd Lambert, and eight other
Army; a Man, whom the Parliament principal Officers of the Army; with
would have truſted, if they had not whom they were moſt offended, for,
reſolv'd to have no General, being as ſubſcribing a Letter to all the other
confident of his fidelity to them, as of Forces, deſiring their Concurrence with
any Man's; and Lambert knew well the Army in London, and conferr'd
he could govern him, as Cromwell had their Regiments and Commands upon
done Fairfax, and then in the like other Perſons, in whom they could
manner lay him aſide. This Petition confide; and committed the whole
was ſent by ſome truſty Perſon to ſome Government of the Army into the
Colonels of the Army, in whom Lam- hands of ſeven Commiſſioners; who
bert had confidence, to the end that were Fleetwood (whom they believ'd to
they ſhould deliver it to Fleetwood, to have a great Intereſt in the Army, and
be by him preſented firſt to the Coun- fo durit not totally diſoblige him)
cil of Officers, and afterwards to the Ludlow (who commanded the Army
Parliament. He reſolv'd firſt to con in Ireland) Monk (who was their Ge-
ſult with ſome of his Friends for their neral in Scotland) Haflerig, Walton,
advice; and ſo it came to the notice of Morley, and Overton ; who were all
Haſlerig, who immediately inform’d upon the Place.
the Parliament of a Rebellion growing The Army was too far engaged to
in the Army, which, if not ſuppreſſed, retire, and it was unſkilfully
done by
would undo all they had done. They, the Parliament to provoke ſo many of
as they were always apt to take Alarms them, being not ſure of a competent
of that kind, would not have the pa- ſtrength to execute their Orders. But
tience to expect the delivery of the Pe- they had a great preſumption upon
tition, but fent to Fleetwood for it. the City; and had already forgotten
He anſwer'd he had only a Copy, but how the Army baffled it about a dozen
that ſuch Officers, whom he named, had years before, when the Parliament had
the Original. The Officers were pre- «much more reputation, and the Army
ſently fent for, but could not be found leſs terrour. The Nine caſhier'd Ofi-
5.
cers
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
607
cers were reſolv'd not to part 'with ſent to thoſe who had been order'd into
their Command, nor would the Sol- the Palace-yard by the Parliament, to
diers ſubmit to their new Officers; and withdraw to their Quarters; which
both Officers and Soldiers conſulted they refuſed to do; at which he ſmi-
their Affairs ſo well together, that led, and hid them then to ſtay there :
they agreed to meet at Weſtminſter the Wich they did till towards the Even-
next Morning, and determine to ing: But then finding themſelves
whole. Lot it would come to be ca- laughed at, that they had nothing to
ſhier'd.
do, and that the Parliament fare not,
The Parliament, to encounter. this they deſired that they might repair to
Deſign, ſent their . Orders to thoſe their Quarters; which they were ap-
Regiments whoſe Fidelity they were pointed to do. But their. Oficers were
confident of, to be the next Morning caſher'd ; and ſuch ſent to command
at Weſtminſter to defend them from them as Lambert thought fit; who
Force; and likewiſe ſent into the City found all Submiſſion and Obedience
to draw down their Militia. Of the from the Soldiers, though no body
Army, the next Morning, there ap- yet knew who had Power to command
pear'd two Regiments of Foot, and four them. There was no Parliament, nor
Troops of Horſe ; who were well any Officer in the Army who was by
arm’d, and ranged themſelves in the his Commiſſion above the Degree of
Palace-yard, with a Reſolution to..op a Colonel, nor had any of them Power
poſe all Force that ſhould attempt the to command more than his own Regi-
Parliament. Lambert intended they ment. Whereupon the Officers of the
ſhould have little to do there; and di- Army meet together and declare, That
vided his Party in the Army to the ſe: the Army finding itſelf without a Gene-
veral Places by which the City Militia ral, or other general Officers, had them.
could come to Westminſter, with Or. Selves made choice of Fleetwood to be
der, That they should ſuffer none to their General, and of Lambert to be
march that Way, or to come out of the their Major General, and of Deſbo-
Gates; then placed himſelf with ſome rough to be Commiſſary General of
Troops in King-ſtreet, and before the Horſe; and that they bound them-
White-ball, to expect when the Speaker ſelves to obey them in their ſeveral Ca-
would come to the Houſe'; who, ať pacities, and to adhere to, and defend
his accuſtom'd Hour, come, in his them. Upon the publiſhing this De-
uſual State, guarded with his Troop claration, they aſſum'd their ſeveral
of Horſe. Lambert rode up to the Provinces ; and the whole Army took
Speaker, and told him, There was no- Commiſſions from their new General ;
thing to be done at Weſtminſter, and and were as much united, as if they
therefore adviſed him, To return back were under Cromwell; and look'd up-
again to his Houſe ; which he refuſed on it as a great Deliverance, that they
to do, and endeavour'd to proceed, ſhould no more be ſubject to the Par-
and called to his Guard to make way. liament; which they all deteſted.
Upon which Lambert rode to the Cap But theſe Generals were not at Eafe;
tain, and pulled him off his Horſe; they knew well upon what ſlippery
and bid Major Creed, who had for- Ground they ſtood : The Parliament
merly commanded that Troop, to had ſtopped all the Channels in which
mount his Saddle; which he preſently the Revenue was to run ; put an End
did. Then he took away the Mace, to all Payments of Cuſtom and Exciſe;
and bid Major Creed conduct Mr. and to revive theſe Impoſitions, by
Lenthal to his Houſe. Whereupon which the Army might receive their
they made his Coachman turn, and Wages, required another Anthority
without the leaſt Contradiction the than of the Army itſelf. A Model
Troop march'd very quietly, till he of ſuch a Government, as the People
was alighted at his own Houſe; and muſt acquieſce in, and ſubmit to,
then diſpoſed of themſelves as their new would require very much Agitation,
Captain commanded them.
and very long Time ; which the pre-
When they had thus ſecured them- ſent Conjuncture would not bear : Nor
ſelves from any more Votes, Lambert were there enough of one Mind, to
give
608
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
give great Authority to their Counſels. his Officers as he could ; there being
In this they could agree, which might many in that Army of whoſe Affec-
be an Expedient towards more ripe tions they were well aſſured ; and, at
Reſolutions, That a Number of Perſons the fame Time they ſent another Co-
jould be choſen, who, under ibe Stile of lonel into Ireland, to diſpoſe the Ar-
a Committee of Safety, should aſſume my there to a Submiſſion to their
the preſent entire Government, and havė Power and Authority.
full Power to revive all fuck Orders, or Before the Parliament was routed,
to make new, which might be neceſſary they diſcern'd what Lambert's Intrigues
for raiſing of Money, or for doing any would ſhortly produce; and therefore
thing elſe wbich ſhould be judged for the had writ to Monk, That be would
Peace and Safety of the Kingdom; and take care of bis Army, left it ſhould be
to conſider and determines. what Form of corrupted againſt bim, which they kneco
Government was fit to be erected, tò he was endeavouring. And ſome Time
which the Natiin was to ſubmit. after Lambert had acted that Violence
To this new Invention, how wild upon the Speaker, ſo that they could
ſoever, they believ'd the People would meer no more, Haſlerig, Walton, and
be perſwaded, with the Aſſiſtance of Morley, three of the Commiſſioners of
the Army, to pay a temporary Obe- the Government of the Army; went
dience, in hope of another Settlement to Portſmouth; where Colonel Whe-
ſpeedily to enſue. They agreed that tham the Governor was their friend,
the Number of this Committee of Safety and devoted to the Preſbyterian-Re-
ſhould conſiſt of three and twenty Per- publican Party; for that Diſtinction
fons ; fix or ſeven Officers of the Ar was now grown amongſt them; others,
my; whereof Fleetwood, Lambert, and and the moſt conſiderable of that Party,
Déſorough were three ; Ireton, Lord profeſſing, That they very much deſired
Mayor of London, and Tichburn, the Monarchical Government, and the Per-
two principal Officers of the Militia of ſon of the King, ſo that they might have
the City, with four or five more Citi- him without Epifcopacy; and enjoy the
zens of more private Names; but Men Lands of the Church; which they had
try'd, and faithful to the Republick divided amongſt them. Theſe three
Intereſt, and not like to give any were well receiv'd at Portſmouth; and
Countenance to Preſbyterians (for they that they might be without any Di-
were very jealous of that Party gene- ſturbance there, the Governor turn'd
rally) beſides three or four others of all ſuch Officers and Soldiers out of the
thoſe who had been the King's Judges, Town, who were ſuſpected to be, or
with Warreſton, Vane, Steel, and might be made, of the Party of the Ar-
Whitlock, whom they made Keeper of my; and Coll. Morley, whoſe Intereſt
their Great Seal.
was in Sullex, eaſily drew in enough of
Thụs having choſen each other, and his Friends, to make them very ſecure
agreed that they ſhould exerciſe the in their Garriſon; which the Commit-
whole Legiſlative Power of the Nation, tee of Safety, thought would be quickly
and proclaim'd themſelves The Commit- reduced, if all the reſt of the Kingdom
tee of Safety for the Kingdom, and re were at their Devotion; nor did the
quired all People to pay them Obedi- Matter itſelf much trouble them; for
ence, and ifſued out their Warrants they knew that Haſlerig would never
for all Things which they thought be induced to ſerve the King; whoſe
good for themſelves, to which there Intereſt only could break all their Mea-
appear'd a general Submiſſion and Ac- ſures.
quieſcence, that they might be ſure to But this open declaring of Porif-
receive no Diſturbance from thoſe of mouth for the Parliament happen'd not
their own Tribe in any Parts, they till the following December. That
fent Colonel Cobbet to Scotland, to which gave them real Trouble was,
perſwade General Monk to a Concur- that they receiv'd bold Letters from
rence with them ; and becauſe they Monk, about the End of O&tober ; who
were not confident of him (there being preſum'd to cenſure, and find fault:
great Emulation between him and with what they had done, in uſing
Lambert) to work upon as many of ſuch Force and Violence to the Parlia-
4
ment,
+
1
in the Reign of King CHARLES I 609
ment, from whom they had all their with the Forces be left behind him in
Power and Authority : And ſhortly their own Defence. In the ſecond place;
after they heard that he had poffeffed which was indeed all he cared for from
himſelf of Berwick. But that which them, he very earneſtly preſſed them,
troubled them moft was, that as ſoon That they would pay in a preſent Sum of
as Cobbet came into Scotland, he was Money out of the Arrears of their Taxes,
commited cloſe Priſoner to Edinburgh for ſupplying the Neceſſities of the Army,
Caſtle; and that Monk uſed extraor without which it could not well marchi
dinary Diligence to purge his Army, into England.
and turn'd all the Fanaticks, and other From the Time that he had ſettled
Perſons who were fuppofed by him to his Government in that Kingdom, he
have any Inclination to Lambert, and had thew'd more Kindneſs to, and
his Party, both out of the Army, and uſed more Familiarity with ſuch Per-
the Kingdom ; ſending them under a fons as were moſt notorious for Affec-
Guard into Berwick; and from thence tion to the King, as finding them a
diſmiſſing them into England, under the more direct and punctual People than
Penalty of Death, if they were ever the reſt : And when there Men re-
after found in Scotland. This was an ſorted to him upon this Convention,
Alarm worthy of their Fear; and E- though they could draw nothing from
vidence enough, that they were never him of Promiſe, or Intimation to any
to expect Monk to be of their Party : ſuch Purpoſe, yet he was very well
Beſides that they had always look'd content they ſhould believe that he
upon him as entirely devoced to the carried with him very good Inclina-
Perſon of Cromwell ; otherwiſe wich- tions to the King; by which Imagina-
out Obligation to any Party or Opi- tion of theirs, he receiv'd great Ada
pion, and more like to be ſeduced by vantage : For they payed him the
the King, than any Man who had Arrears of a twelve Months Tax over
Authority in the three Kingdoms : the Kingdom ; which complied with
Therefore they reſolv'd to fend Lam- his Wiſh, and partly enabled him
bert, with their whole.Army into the to draw his Army together. And
North, that he might at leaft ſtop him after he had aſſign'd thoſe whom he
in any March he ſhould think of mak- 'thought fit to leave behind hini, and
ing: Reſerving only ſome Troops to afterwards put them under the Com-
guard themſelves, and keep the Town mand of Major General Morgan, he
quiet, and ſome others to ſend to he march'd with the reſt to Bered
Portſmouth, if not to reduce it, at wick; where a good Part of his Horſe
leaſt to hinder the Garriſon there from and Foot expected him ; having re-
making Incurſions into the two Neigh- fuſed to ratify the Treaty ſign’d by his
bour Counties, of Suſſex and Hampſhire, Commiſſioners at London, and com-
where they had many Friends.
mitted Colonel Wilks, one of them,
When Monk heard of Lambert's be- upon his Return to Scotland, for hav-
ing paſſed York and his making halte ing conſented to ſomething prejudicial
to Newcaſtle, and had purged out of to him, and expreſly contrary to his
his Army all thoſe whoſe Affections Inſtructions. However he deſired to
and Fidelity were ſuſpected by him, gain farther Time, and agreed to ano-
he called together an Aſſembly ſome- ther Treaty to be held at Newcaſtle ;
what reſembling a Convention of the which, though he knew it would be
Scates of Scotland; and told them, govern’d by Lambert, was like not to
That be had receivd a Call from Hea- be without ſome Benefit to himſelf, .
yen, ard Earth, to march with his becauſe it would keep up the Opinion,
Army into England, for the better Set- in the Committee of Safety, that he was
tlement of the Government there ; and inclined to an Accommodation of
though be did not intend bis Abſence Peace.
hould be long, yet be forefaw that there It was towards the End of November,
might be fome Diſturbance of the Peace that Lambert with his Army arriv'd at
which they enjoyed; and therefore he Newcaſtle, where he found the Officers
expeEted, and deſired, thet, in any ſuch and Soldiers whom Monk had caſhier'd;
Occaſion, they would be ready to joyn and who, he perſwaded the People,
178
7 P
had
1
610
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
had deſerted Monik, for his Infidelity Cromwell had erected, ſince it wholly
to the Common-wealth, and that moſt depended upon the Power and Spirit
of thoſe who yet ſtayed with him, of the Army: Though on the other
would do ſo to, as ſoon as he ſhould hand, the Committee proteſted and
be within Diſtance to receive them. declared to them, That there ſhould be
But he now found his Confidence had a Parliament called to meet together in
carried him too far, and that he was February next, under ſuch Qualifications
at too great a Diſtance to give that Re- and Reſtriktions, as might be ſure to ex-
lief to his Committee of Safety, which it clude ſuch Perſons who would deſtroy
was like to ſtand in need of. Haſlerig them. But this gave no Satisfaction,
and Morley were now looked upon, as every Man remembring the Parlia-
the Perſons inveſted with the Authority ment that had been packed by Crom-
of Parliament, whoſe Intereſt was ſup- well.
ported by them; and the Officer, who But that which broke the Heart of
was ſent by the Committee of Safety to the Committee of Safety, was the Re-
reſtrain them in Portſmouth, or rather volt of their favourite Vice-Admiral
to reſtrain Perſons from reſorting to Lawſon, a Man at that Time appear-
them, found himſelf deſerted by more ing at leaſt as much Republican, as
than half his Soldiers; who declared, any amongſt them; and one whom
That they would ſerve the Parliament, they had raiſed to that Command in
and ſo went into Portſmouth; and ano the Fleet, that they might be ſure to
ther Officer, who was ſent with a have the Seamen ſtill at their Devotion.
ſtronger Party to ſecond them, diſco- This Man, with his whole Squadron,
vering, or fomenting the ſame Affec- came in to the River, and declared
tion in his Soldiers, very frankly car for the Parliament, which was ſo unex-
ried them to the ſame Place: So that pected, that they would not believe it ;
they were now grown too numerous to but ſent Sir Harry Vane, and two
be contain'd within that Garriſon, but others of great Intimacy with Lawſon,
were quarter'd to be in Readineſs to to confer with him; who, when they
march whither the Generals Haſlerlg came to the Fleet, found Sir Anthony
and Morley would conduct them. Aſhley Cooper, and two others, Mem.
The City took new Courage from bers of Parliament, who had fò fully
hence; and what the Maſters durſt not prepoſſeſſed him, that he was deaf to
publickly own, the Apprentices did, all their Charms; and told them,
their Dinike of the preſent Government; That he would ſubmit to no Authority
and flocking together in great Multi- but that of the Parliament.
tudes, declared, That they would have Upon the Fame of this, Haſlerig and
a free Parliament. And though Co. Morley reſolv'd with their Troops to
lonel Hewſon (a bold Fellow, who leave Portſmouth, and to march to-
had been an ill Shoeinaker, and after- wards London, where their Friends now
wards Clerk to a Brewer of ſmall prevail'd ſo much. And the News of
Beer) who was left to guard the Com- this March raiſed new Thoughts in
mittee of Safety, ſuppreſſed that Com. thoſe Soldiers, who had been left by
motion by marching into the City, Lambert to execute any Orders, which
and killing ſome of the Apprentices; they ſhould receive from the Commit.
yet the Loſs of that Blood infamed the tee of Safety. The Officers of theſe
City the more againſt the Army; Regiments had been caſher'd by the
which, they ſaid, was only kept on foot Council of Officers, or the Committee
to murder ihe Citizens. And it was of Safety, for adhering to the Parlia-
ſaid, they cauſed a Bill of Indictment ment; and their Commands having
to be prepared againſt Hewſon for choſe been given to other Men, who had
Murders. The Common Council ap been diſcountenanced by the Parlia-
pear'd every Day more refractory, ment, the Regiments for a Time ap-
and refuſed to concur in any Thing pear'd as much confirm'd in the In-
that was propoſed to them by the Com- tereſt of the Army, as could be wiſhed,
mittee of Safety; which begun ta be But thefq caſhier'd Officers, upon ſo
univerſally abhorr'd, as like to be the great Revolutions in the City and Na.
Original of ſuch another Tyranny as vy, and the News of the Advance of
Hallerig
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 610
1
;
Haſlerig and Morley, reſolv'd to con very few Days. For, as the Members
fer with their old Soldiers, and try were not many, who were alive, and
whether they had as much Credit with ſuffer'd to meet as the Parliament, ſo
them as their new Officers; and found they were diſperſed into ſeveral Places.
ſo much Encouragement, that at a Then he went to the Tower, and, by
Time appointed, they put themſelves his own Authority, remov'd the Lieu-
into the Heads of their Regiments, tenant, who had been comfirm'd there
and march'd with them into the Field; by the Committee of Safety ; and put
whence afier a ſhort Conference toge- Sir Anthony Aſhley Cooper, and other
ther, and renewing Vows to each other Members of Parliament, into the Go-
never more to deſert the Parliament, ýernment and Command of the Tower.
they all march'd into Chancery-lane to All Things being in this good Or-
the Houſe of the Speaker ; and pro- der, he and the Members met again
feſſed their Reſolution to live and die together at Weſtminſter on December
with the Parliament, and never more the 26th, and aſſum'd the Government
to ſwerve from their Fidelity to it. of the three Kingdoms, out of which
Lambert, upon the firſt News of they had been twice before caſt, witli
the froward Spirit in the City, had ſo much Reproach and Infamy. As
fent back Defoorough's. Regiment; ſoon as they came together, they re-
which was now march'd as near Lon- ' peal'd their Act againſt the Payment
don as St. Albans; where, hearing of Exciſe and Cuſtoms; and put thoſe
what their Fellows at Weſtminſter, with Collections into the State they had been
whom they were to joyn, had done, formerly in, that they might be ſure
they reſolvid not to be the laſt in their not to be without Money to pay their
Submiſſion but declared that they Proſelyte Forces, and to carry on their
likewiſe were for the Parliament and other Expences. Then they appointed
gave the Speaker Notice of their Obe- Commiſſioners to direct the Quarters
dience. In all theſe Tergiverſations into which the Army ſhould be put i
of the Soldiers, General Fleetwood re and made an Order, that all the
main'd ſtill in Conſultations with the Troops under the Command of Lam-
Committee of Safety; and when any In- bert, without ſending any Direction to
telligence was brought of any Murmur him, ſhould repair to thoſe Quarters
amongſt the Soldiers, by which a Re to which they were affign'd.
volt might enſue, and he was deſired This Man was now in a diſconfolate
to go amongſt them to confirm them, Condition :
As Monk approiem
d
he would fall upon his Knees to his nearer to him, very many of his Sol-
Prayers, and could hardly be prevail'd diers deſerted him and went to the
with to go to them. And when he other. The Lord Fairfax had raifed
was amongſt them, and in the Middle Forces and poffeffed himſelf of York,
of any Diſcourſe, he would invite them without declaring any thing of his Pur-
all to Prayers, and put himſelf upon pofe. And this laſt Order of the Par-
his Knees before them: And when liament ſo entirely ſtrip'd Lambert of
ſome of his Friends importun'd him to his Army, that there remain'd not
appear more vigorous in the Charge with him above one hundred Horſe;
he had, without which they muſt all all the reſt return'd to their Quarters
be deſtroyed, they could get no other with all Quietneſs and Reſignation;
Anſwer from him, than, That God and himſelf was ſome Time after com-
had ſpit in bis Face, and would not hear mitred to the Tower. The reſt of the
bim : So that Men ceaſed to wonder Officers of the Army, who had been
why Lambert had preferr'd him to the formerly caſhier'd by the Parliament,
Office of General, and been content and had reſum'd their Commands that
with the ſecond Command himſelf. they might break it, were again diſ-
Lenthal the Speaker, upon this new miſſed from their Charges, and com-
Declaration of the Soldiers, recover'd mitted Priſoners to their own Houſes.
his Spirit, and went into the City, Sir Harry Vane, and divers other
conferrd with the Lord Mayor and Members of the Houſe who had con-
Aldermen, and declared to them, curr'd with the Committee of Safety,
That the Parliament would meet within were likewiſe confin'd to their own
Houſes :
4
612
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
when he could not afterwards diſcover, wards them. To prevent this as much
Houſes : So that the Parliament firſt in Perſon, and afterwards in
ſeem'd now again poffefſid of a more Writing, That he would be inſtrumene
abſolute Authority than ever it had tal-to reſtore the Nation to Peace and
been, and to be without any Danger Security, and to the enjoying thoſe
of Oppoſition, or Contradiction. Rights and Liberties; which by the
When the Parliament found them- Law were due to them, and of which they
felves at ſo much Eaſe, and ſo much bad been robb’d and depriv'd by so many
without Apprehenſion of farther Inſe. Years Diſtra£tions; and that, in order
curity, they heartily wiſh'd that Gene- thereunto, he would prevail, either for
ral Monk was again in his old Quar- the reſtoring thoſe Members which had
ters in Scotland. But as he continued been excluded in the Year 1648 by Force
his March towards London, without and Violence, that they might exerciſe
expecting their Orders, ſo they knew that Truſt the Kingdom had repoſed in
not how to command him to return, them; or that a free and full Parlia-
whom they had ſent for to aſſiſt them, ment might be called by the Votes of the
without ſeeing him, and giving himn People ; to which all Subjects bat a
Thanks and Reward for his great Ser- . Right by their Birth.
vice : Yet they ſent to him their De The principal Perſons of all Count
ſire, That a good part of his Forces tics through which the General paffed,
might be fent back to Scotland; and he, flocked to him in a Body with Addreſſes
having ſene back as many as he knew to the fame Purpoſe. The City of Loni
would be ſufficient for any Work they don fent a Letter to him by their
could have to do in thoſe Northern Sword-Bearer as far as to Morpeth, có
Parts, continued his March with an offer their Service; and all concluded
Army of about five thouſand Foot and for a free Parliament, legally choſen
Horſe, conſiſting of ſuch Perſons in by. chee-free Votes of the People. He
whoſe Affections to him he had full receiv'd all with much Civility, and
Confidence. When he came to York, few Words; took all Occaſions pubs
'he found that City in the Poſſeſſion of lickly to declare, That nothing should-
Fairfax; who receiv'd him with open bake his Fidelity tà tbe preſent Parliai
Arnis, as if he had drawn thoſe Forces mentą yet privately aſſured thoſe, who
together, and ſeized upon that Place, he thought it neceffary ſhould hope
to prevent the Army's poſſeſſing it, well,. That he would procure a free Para
and to make Monk's Advance into liament: So that every body promiſed
Extind the leſs interrupted.
that which he moſt wiſhed.
... Ine Truch is, that, upon a: Letter The Parliament was far from being
from the King, deliver'd to Fairfax by confident that Monk was above Temp
Sir Horatio Townſend, and with his tation: The Manner of his March
fole Privacy, and upon a Preſumption with ſuch a Body, his receiving ſo
that General Monk brought good Afi many Addreſſes from the People, and
fections with him for his Majeſty's his treating Malignants ſo civilly,
Service; that Lord had call'd, together ftartled them much; and though his
ſome of his old diſbanded Officers and Profeſſions of Fidelity to the Parlia-
Soldiers, and many principal Gentle- ment, and referring all Determinations
men of the Country, and marched to their Wiſdom, had a good Aſpect
in the Head of them into York',. fome towards them, yet they feared that he
Time after that Lambert was march'd might obſerve too much how generally.
towards Newcaſtle, with a full Reſo- adious they were grown to the People,
lution to declare for the King'; but which might lefſen his Reverence to-
upon Conference with Monk, that he
as might be, and to give ſome Check
had any ſuch Thought, he ſatisfied to that Licence of Addreſſes, and Re-
himſelf with the Teſtimony of his own ſort of Malignants, they ſent 'two of
Conſcience, and preſently diſiniffed their Members of moſt Credit with
his Troops, being well contented with them, Scot and Robinſon, under Pre-
having, in the Head of the principal. tence of giving their Thanks to him
Gentlemen of that large County, pre- for the Service he had done, to con-
ſented their Deſires to the General, tinue and be preſent with him, and to
5.
dif-
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
613
diſcountenance, and reprehend any Strand, and Weſtminſter, where it was
Boldneſs that ſhould appear in any quarter'd ; his own Lodgings being
Delinquents. But this ſerved but to provided for him at Whice-Hall
.
draw more Affronts upon them; for He was ſhortly after conducted to
thoſe Gentlemen who were civilly uſed the Parliament. There he had a Chair
by the General, would not bear any appointed for him to fit in ; and the
Diſreſpect from thoſe of whoſe Affec- Speaker made him a Speech to this ef-
tions they had all Contenipt; and for fect, That though it was God, and not
the Authority of thoſe who ſent them, Man, who had done this great Work,
had no kind of Reverence. As ſoon and ought to have the Glory of it; yet
as the City knew of the deputing thoſe the great Influence of that Glory extended
Members, they likewiſe fent four of to hin the Inſtrument, a Reward of bis
their principal Citizens, to perform prudent and wiſe Conduet : That when
the ſame Compliments, and to confirm their Friends had left: them, and there
him in his Inclinations to a free Par-
was a great Defection in Duty and Truſt,
liament, as the Remedy all Men de- ſo that the whole Nation ſeem'd to be
fired.
expoſed to the utmoſt Ruin; they dif-
He continued his March with very cern’d, as the Prophet did, a litile
few Halts till he came to St. Albans. Cloud afar off, and in his Hand which
There he ſtopped for ſome Days; and bad diſperſed the Miſeries of theſe Na-
fent to the Parliament, That be bad tions, and was become a glorious Mercy
Some Apprehenfions that thoſe Regiments to them all : That the Houſe had a true
and Troops of the Army who had formerly Refentment of his Service, and return'd
deferted" them, though for the preſent their hearty Thanks to him, and all his
they were returned to ibeir Obedience, Officers and Soldiers.
would not live peaceably with his Men; The General was not a Man of Elo.
and therefore deſired, that all the quence or Volubility of Speech; but
Soldiers (except one or two Regiments, after having thanked them, for the.
which he named) who were quarter'd honour they had done him for but do-
in the Strand, Weſtminſter, or other ing his Duty; he told them, That, in
Suburbs of the City, might be preſently his March from Scotland, ſeveral Ap-
removed, and ſent to more diſtant Quar. plications, with numerous Subſcriptions,
ters, that there might ke room for bis had been made to him, for a full and
Army. This Meſſage was unexpected, free Parliament, for Admittance of the
and exceedingly perplexed them; and ſecluded Members without any previous
made them ſee their Fate would ſtill Oath or Engagement; and that this
be under the Force and Awe of an Parliament would determine their Sit-
Army. However they found it necef- ting : To all which he had anſwer'de
ſary to comply; and fent their Orders That they were now a free Parliament;
to all Soldiers to depart,; which with and that they had voted to fill up their
the Reaſon and Ground of their Rela- Houſe, and then they would be a full
lution, was ſo diſdainfully receiv'd, Parliament; and that they had already
that a Mutiny did ariſe among the Sol- determin'd their Sitting. But as for the
diers; and the Regiment that was ſecluded Members, thisParlianent had al-
quarter'd in Somerſet Houſe, expreſly ways given Judgment in it, in whicb all
refuſed to obey thoſe Orders ; ſo that People ought to acquieſce; and that to ad-
there were like to be new Uproars. mit any Members to fit in Parliament,
But their Officers, who would have without a previous Oath to preſerve the
been glad to inflame them upon fuch Government in being, was never done
an Occaſion, were under reſtraint, or in England. But now be craved Par-
abſent : And ſo at laſt all was well don të ſay to themſelves, that the leſs
compoſed, and Officers and 'Soldiers Oaths or Engagements were impoſed,
remov'd to the Quarters afſign'd them, their Settlement would be the fooner at.
with Animoſity enough againſt thoſe taim'd to : That he knew, all the ſober
who were to ſucceed them in their old Gentry would cloſe with them, if they
ones, And in the Beginning of Febru- might be tenderly and gently uſed : Thet
ary, General Monk with his Army it was their common Concernment to am-
marched through the City into the plify, not to leſen, their Intereſt, and
179
7 a
.
.
614
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
to be careful that neither the Cavalier they had in the General; and the Agr
nor the Tonatick Party ſhould have yet a prehenſion of this, made the Parlia-
Share in the Civil or Military Power. ment to be in the greater Perplexity
The reſt of his Speech concern'd and Diſtraction. This Refufal would
Ireland, and Scotland. And all being immediately have put an End to their
ſpoken with more than his natural Empire ; they therefore refold upon
Warmth, there were ſome Expreſſions this Occaſion to make a full Experi-
in it which were dilliked. But others ment of their own Power, and of their
gave them fome Eaſe, and Hope that General's Obedience.
he would be faithful, though inwardly The Parliament having receiv'd a
they heartily wiſh'd that he was again full Information from thoſe Aldermen,
in Scotland, and that they had been and others, whoſe Intereſt was b:und
left to contend with the Malignity of up with theirs, of all that had paſſed at
their old Arrny; and they watched for the Common-Council, and of the fe-
ſome Occaſion that he might manifeſt ditious Diſcourſes and Expreſſions made
his Fidelity and Reſignation to them, by ſeveral of the Citizens, referrd ic
or give them juft Occaſion to ſuſpect to the Conſideration of the Council of
and queſtion it.
State, what was fit to be done towards
The late Confuſions and Interrup- 'the rebellious City, to reduce them to
tions of all publick Receipts had wholly that Submiſſion which they ought to
emptied their Coffers, out of which pay to the Parliament. The Council
the Army, and all other Expences, of State deliberated upon the Matter;
were to be ſupplied. And though the and return'd their Advice to the Par-
Parliament' had, upon their coming liament, That some Part of the Army
together again, 'renewed their Ordi- might be ſent into the City, and remain
nances for all Collections and Pay- there, to preſerve the peace thereof, and
ments, yet Money came in very ſlowly; of the Common-wealth, and to reduce it
and the People generally had ſo little to the Obedience of the Parliament. În
Reverence for their Legiſlators, that order thereunto, and for their better
they gave very flow Obedience to their Humiliation, they thought it convenient
Directions : So that they found it ne that the poſts and Chains ſhould be re-
ceffary, for their preſent Supply, till moved from, and out of the ſeveral
they might by Degrees' make them- Streets of the City; and that the Port-
ſelves more univerſally obeyd, to re- culliſes, and Gates of the City ſhould be
quire the City preſently to collect and taken down and broken. Over and
bring in the Arrears of their Taxes, above this, they named ten or eleven
and in the mean Time to borrow a Perſons, who had been the principal
conſiderable Sum of Money of them; Conductors in the Common-Council,
which could not be eaſily done but by all Citizens of great Reputation; and
the Advice, and with the Content of adviſed, That they ſhould be apprehended
the Common-Council; that is, it and committed to Priſon, and thet there-
could not be levied and collected or- upon a new. Common-Council might be
derly, and peaceably, without their eleEted, that would be more at their De-
Diſtribution.
votion.
The Common-Council was conſti This round Advice was embraced
tuted of ſuch Perſons as were weary of by the Parliament; and they had now
the Parliament, and would in no De- a fit Occaſion to make Experiment of
gree ſubmit to, or comply with any the Courage and Fidelity of their Ge-
of their commands. They did not neral, and commanded him to march
only utterly refuſe to conſent to what into the City with his Army; and to
was demanded, but in the Debate of execute all thoſe Particulars which they
it, excepted againſt the Authority, thought ſo neceſſary to their Service;
and, upon the Matter, declar’d, That and he as readily executed their Com-
they would never ſubmit to any Impofi- mands; led his Army into the Town
tion that was not granted by a free and on Febr. the gth, neglected the In-
lawful Parliament. And it was gene- treaties and Prayers of all who applied
raliy believ'd, that they had aſſumed to him (whereof there were many who
this Courage upon ſome Confidence believed he meant better towards them)
cauſed
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 615
cauſed as many, as he could, of thoſe be adjudged of, and condemn’d for High
who were ſo proſcribed to be appre- Treaſon.
hended, and ſent them to the Tower; This Petition was receiv'd with
and, with all the Circumſtances of great Approbation by the Houſe, their
Contempt, pull'd down and broke the Affection much applauded; and the
Gates and Portculliſes, to the Confu- Thanks of Parliament very ſolemnly
ſion and Confternation of the whole return'd by the Speaker : All which
City; and having thus expoſed it to Information the General receiv'd at
the Scorn and Laughter of all who White-Hell, when he return'd out of
knew it, he return’d himſelf to White- the City; and was preſently attended
Hall, and his Army to their former by his chief Oficers; who with openi
Quarters. And by this laſt Act of Mouths; inveigh'd againſt the Pro-
Complaiſance he fruſtrated the preſent ceedings of the Parliament, Their nida
Hopes of thoſe who had expected bet nifeft ingratitude to him, and the Indigt
ter from him, and confirm’d his Ma- nity offerid to him, in giving ſuch Coun-
ſters, that they could not be too con tenance to à Rabble of infamous Var.
fident of his Obedience to their moſt lets, who deſired to ſet the whole King-
extravagant Injunctions.
dom in a Flame, to comply with their
Whilſt he was executing this their Fanatick and mad Enthuſiaſms į and
Tyranny upon the City, they were that the Parliament would never have
contriving to leffen his Power and admitted ſuch an infamous Addreſs with
Authority, and reſolv'd to joyn others Approbation, except they had firſt re-
with him in the Command of the Ar- ſolvød upon his Ruin and Deſtruction ;
my; and, upon that very Day, they which he was aſſuredly to look for, if he
receiv'd a Petition, which they had did not prevent it by his Wiſdoñi, and
fomented; preſented to the Parliament Sagacity; and thereupon told him of
by a Man notorious in thoſe Times, the under-hand Endeavours which were
and who hath been formerly mention'd, tſed to work upon the Affections of
Praiſe God Barebone, in the Head of ả the Soldiers.
Crowd of Sectaries. The Petition be The General had been prepared, by
gun with all the imaginable Bitterneſs the Conferences with Scot and Robinſon.
and Reproaches upon the Memory of in the March; to expect, that, as ſoon
the late King, and againſt the Perſoni as he came to the Parliamierit, he muſt
of the preſent King, and all the Nobi- take the Oath of Abjuration, of the
lity, Clergy, and Gentry of the King. King and his Family. And therefore
dom, which adhered to him ; the uc- they had adviſed him, Io offer tbe tak-
ter Extirpation of all which it preſſed ing it himſelf, before it ſhould be propoſed
with great Acrimony. It took Notice to him, as a Matter that would confirm
of many Diſcourſes of calling a new all Men in an entire confidence in him.
Parliament, at leaſt of admitting thoſe When he came to the Parliament, they
Members to fit in the preſent Parlia- forbore, that Day, to mention it, be-
ment, who had been excluded in the ing a Day dedicated only to careſs
Year 1648; either of which, the Peti- him, and to give him Thanks, in
tioners ſaid, would prove the inevitable which it could not be ſeaſonable
Deſtruction of all the Godly in the Land: to mingle any Thing of Diſtruſt.
and therefore they befought them with but they meant roundly to have preſ-
all Earneſtneſs, That no Perſon whát- . fed him to it, if this laſt Opportunity,
ſoever might be admitted to the Exerciſe which they looked upon as a better
of any Office or Fination in the State, Earneſt of his Fidelity, had not fallen
or in the Church, no not so much as to out; and they thought he had not then
teach a School, who did not firſt take the taken any ſuch Reſolution, as would
Oath of Abjuration of the King, end of have made him pauſe in the giving
all bis Family, and that he would never them that Satisfaction. But being now
ſubmit to the Government of any one fin- awaken'd by this Alarm from his Offi-
gle Perfor whatſoever; and that whoſo- cers, and the Temper they were in,
ever ſhould preſume ſo much as to propose, and his Flegm a little curdled, he be-
or mention the Reſtoration of the King in gun to think himſelf in Danger; and
Parliament, or any other place, should that this Body of Men, that was called
the
1
2
1
616
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
the Parliament, had not Reputation a Manner and Order as he thought fit,
enough to preſerve themſelves, and he defired him and the Aldermen,
thoſe who adher'd to them. He had with the Common-council, to meet
obſerv'd throughout the Kingdom, as him at the Guild-Hall, where after
he march’d, how deſpiſable they were many Excuſes for the Work of the O-
in the Eſtimation of all Men, who ther Day, they plighted their Troth
gave
them no other Term or Appella- each to other in ſuch a Manner, for
tion but the Rump, as the fag End of the perfect Union and adhering to each
a Carcafe long ſince expired. All that other for the future, that, as ſoon as
Night was ſpent in Conſultation with they came from thence, the Lord
his Officers; nor did he then form Mayor attended the General to his
any other Deſign than ſo to unite his Lodgings, and all the Bells in the
Army to him that they might not City proclaim'd, and teſtified to the
leave him in any Reſolution he ſhould Town and Kingdom, that the Army
think fit to take.
and the City were of one Mind. And
In the Morning, which was very as ſoon as the Evening came, there
ſoon after he had broken the Gates and was a continued light of Bone-fires
the Hearts of the Cicy, he called his throughout the City and Suburbs, with
Army again together, and marched ſuch an univerſal Exclamation of Joy,
with it into London, taking up his own as had never been known, and cannot
Quarter's at an Alderman's Houſe. be expreſſed, with ſuch ridiculous
At the ſame Time he left White-Hall, 'Signs of Scorn and Contempt of the
he ſent a Letter to the Parliament, in Parliament, as teſtified the no-regard,
which he roundly took Notice of, or rather the not able Deteſtation
their unreaſonable, unjuſt, and unpoli- they had of it; there being ſcarce 4
tick Proceedings; -of their abetting and Bone-fire at which they did not roaſt a
countenancing wicked, and unchriſtian Rump, and pieces of Fleſh made like
Tenets in reference to Religion, and ſuch one; Which. they ſaid, was for the
as would root out the Pratice of any Celebration of the Funeral of the Par-
Religion ; of their underhand correſpond. liament: and there can be no Inven,
ing with thoſe very Perſons whom they tion of Fancy, Wit, or Ribaldry,
bad declared to be Enemies, and who that was not that Night exerciſed
bad been priņcipally inſtrumental in all to defame the Parliament, and to
the Affronts and Indignities they had magnify the General.
undergone, in and after their Diſolu. In ſuch a huddle and mixture of
tion.
looſe People of all Conditions, and
· Thereupon te adviſed them in ſuch ſuch a tranſport of Affections, it could,
Terms as they could not but under not be otherwiſe but that ſome Men
ſtand for the moſt peremptory Com- would drink the King's Health ; which
mand, That, in ſuch a time. (a time was taken no Notice of; nor was it
preſcribed in his Letter) they would known that one Perſon of Condition
iſúe out Writs for a new Parliament, did once prefume to mention him. All
ibat so their own ſitting might be deter- this, how much ſoever it amazed and
mined; which was the only Expedient, diſtracted the Parliament, did not ſo dif-
that could return Peace and Happineſs hearten them, but that they ſtill con-
to the Kingdom, and which both the tinued to fit, and proceed in all Things
Army and Kingdom. expected at their with their uſual Confidence. They were
Hands. This Letter was, no ſooner not willing to deſpair of recovering
delivered to the Houſe, than it was their General again to them; and, to
printed, and carefully publiſhed, and that purpoſe, they fent a Committee
diſperſed throughout the City, to the to treat with him, and to make all
end that they who had been ſo lately ſuch Profers to him as they conceivid
and ſo wofully diſappointed, might were moſt like to comply with his
ſee how thoroughly he was embarked, Ambition. The Entertainment he
and ſo entertain no new Jealouſies of gave this Committee, was the engag.
him.
ing them in a Conference with another
After he had dined with the Lord Committee of the excluded Members,
Mayor, and diſpoſed his Army in ſuch to the end that he might be ſatisfied
1
5
bg
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
617
by hearing both, how one could have Gentlemen,
righe to fit there as a Parliament, and It appears unto me, by what I have
the other be excluded : and when he beard from You and the whole Nation,
had heard them all, he made no that the Peace and happy Settlement of
ſcruple to declare, That in juſtice the theſe bleeding Nations, next under God,
ecluded Members ought to be admitted lieth in your Hands. And when I con-
before the calling another Parliament, ſider that Wiſdom, Piety, and Self-de-
and the Diſolution of this.
nial, which I have reaſon to be confident;
After he had put the City into the lodgeth in you, and how great a Share
Poſture they deſired and found no of the Nations Sufferings will fall upon
danger threaten'd him from thence, he you, in caſe the Lord deny us now a Set-
returned again to his Quarters in tlement, I am in very good Hopes, there
White-Hall, and diſpoſed his Army to will be found in you all, ſuch melting
thoſe Poſts which he judged moſt Bowels towards theſe poor Nations, and
convenient. He then ſent for the towards one another, that you will be-
Members of the Parliament to come come Healers and Makers up, of all its
to him, and many others who had woful Breaches. And that ſuch an Op-
been excluded, and lamented, The portunity might clearly appear to be in
ſad Condition the Kingdom was in, Your Hands, I thought good to afure
which be principally imputed to the Dif- you, and that in the Preſence of God,
union, and Diviſions, which had ariſen that I have nothing before my Eyes but
in Parliament among thoſe who were God's Glory, and the Settlement of theſe
faithful to the Common-wealth : That he Nations upon Common-wealth Founda-
bad bad many Conferences with them tions.
tions. In Purſuit whereof I fall think
together, and was ſatisfied by thoſe Gen- nothing too dear; and for my own Parti-
tlemen, who had been excluded, of their cular, I Mall throw myſelf down at your
Integrity; and therefore he had deſired Feet to be any thing or nothing in order
this Conference between them, that he to theſe great Ends. As to the Way of
might communicate his own Thoughts to future Settlement, far be it from me to
in doing whereof, that he night impoſe any thing ; I deſire you may be in
not be miſtaken in his Delivery; or miſ- perfeet Freedom; only give me leavė to
apprehended in his Expreſions, as he had mind you, that the Old Foundations are
lately been, be put what he had a mind by God's Providence fo broken, that, in
to ſay in writing ; which he tecom. the Eye of Reaſon, they cannot be re-
mended his Secretary to read to them; ſtored but upon the Ruins of the People
And was as follows.
of theſe Nations, that have engaged for
their Rights, in Defence of the Parlia-
Gentlemen,
ment, and the great and main Ends of the
You are not, I hope, ignorant, Covenant, for uniting and making the
what Care and Endeavours have been Lord's Name one in the three Nations :
uſed, and Means eſlay'd, for healing And alſo the Liberty of the People's Re-
the Breaches of our Diviſions amongſt preſentatives in Parliament will be cer-
ourſelves; and that in order thereunto tainly loft ; for if the People find, that af-
divers Conferences have been procured ter ſo long and bloody a War againſt the
between you, though to ſmall Effeet; King for breaking in upon their Liberties,
get having at length receiv'd fuller Sa- yet at laſt be muſt be taken in again, it
tisfa£tion, from thoſe worthy Gentlemen will be out of Queſtion, and is moſt ma-
that were ſecluded, than formerly; I nifeft, he may for the future govern by
was bold to put you all to the Trouble of his Will, diſpoſe of Parliaments and
this Meeting, that I might open' myſelf Parliament Men, as be pleaſeth, and
to you all, even with more Freedom than yet the People will never more riſe for
formerly: But leſt I might be miſappre- Aſiſtance.
bended or miſtaken, as of late it befell And as to the Intereſt of this famous
I have committed to Writing the City (which hath been in all Ages the
Heads of what I intended to diſcourſe to Bulwark of Parliaments, and unto whom
you, and deſire it may be read openly to 'I am for their great Affe&tion so deeply
engtged) certainly it muſt lie in a Coma
180
them;
1
me,
you all.
7 R
mona
618
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
1
mon wealth; that Government only be- Parliament of theſe three Nations united,
ing capable to make them, through the to meet at Weſtminſter the 20th Day of
Lord's Bleſing, the Metropolis and Bank April next, with ſuch Qualifications és
of the Trade for all Chriſtendom; may ſecure the publick Cauſe we are all
whereunto God and Nature hath fitted engaged in, and according to ſuch Di-
them above others.
ſtributions as were uſed in the Year..
And as to a Government in the Church, 1654. Which Parliament ſo called,
the Want thereof bath been no ſmall may meet and aɛt in Freedom, for the
Cauſe of theſe Nation's Diſtractions, it more full Eſtabliſhment of this Common--
is manifeſt, that if it be monarchical in wealth, without a King; Jingle Perſon,
the State, the Church muſt follow, and or Houſe of Lords.
Prelacy muſt be brought in; which theſe 4. To a legal Diſolution of this Par-
Nations, i know, cannot bear, and liament, to make Way for Succeſſion of
againſt which they have so ſolemnly Parliaments.
ſworn.
And in Ordet to thefe good Ends, the
And indeed moderate, not rigid Prefo Guards will not only willingly admit
byterian Government, with a ſufficient you; but faithfully both invfelf, and every
Liberty for Conſciences truly tender, ap- of the Officers under my Command; and
pears at preſent
to be the moſt indifferent I believe the Officers and Soldiers of the
and acceptable Way to the Church's Set- three Nations will ſpend their Blood for
tlement.
you and ſucceſive Parliaments.
The main Thing that ſeems to lie in the If your Conjun&tion be directed to this
Way, is the Intereſt of the Lords, even. End, you may part honourably, having
of thoſe Lords who have thew'd them- made a fair Step to the Settlement of
ſelves noble indeed, by joyning with the theſe Nations, by making a Way for
People, and in Defence of thoſe juſt ſucceſive Parliaments.
Rights have ventured their deareſt But I muſt needs ſay, that if any dif-
Blood and large Eſtates. To that I ferent Counſel ſhould be taken (which I
Mall only fay, that though the State of have no reaſon to fear) theſe Nations
theſe Nations be ſuch, as cannot bear would preſently be thrown back into
their Sitting in a diftin£t Houſe ; yet, Force and Violence, and all Hopes of ,
certainly, ihe Wiſdom of Parliament this much deſired Eſtabliſhment buried in
will find out ſuch Hereditary Marks of Diſorder; which the Lord in his great
Honour for them, as may make them Mercy I hope will prevent.
more noble in after Ages.
God Speed you well together, and unite
your Hearts for the Preſervation of
Gentlemen,
Peace and Settlement of theſe Nations,
Upon the whole Matter, the beſt Re- to his Glory and Yours, and all our
ſult that I can make at preſent for the Comforts.
Peace of theſe Nations, will be, in my
Opinion, that you forthwith go to fit to Divers who heard this, thought there
gether in Parliament, in order, was no Diſſimulation in it, in order to
1. To the ſettling of the Conduet of cover and conceal his good Intentions
the Armies of the three Nations in that for the King: For, without doubt,
Manner, as they may be ſerviceable to he had not to this Hour feem'd to
the Peace and Safety of them, and not to have any Purpoſe, or Thought to
its own, and the Nation's Ruin, by ſerve him, but appear'd to be really of
Fastion and Diviſion.
the Opinion he expreſſed in his paper,
2. To the providing ſufficient Maine that it was a Work impoſſible. So
tenance for them; that is, for the For- that they thought he deſired nothing,
ces by Land, and for the Navy by Sea, but that he might ſee a Common-
and all Arrears of both, and other Con- wealth eſtabliſh'd in ſuch a Model as
tingencies of the Government.
Holland was, where he had been bred;
3. To the appointing a Council of State and that himſelf might enjoy the Au-
wiih Authority to ſettle the Civil Go- thority and Place which the Prince of
vernment and Judicatories in Scotland Orange poffefſed in that Government.
and Ireland, and to take care for the He had not, from his marching out of
iſuing of Writs for the ſummoning a Scotland to this Time had much pub-
And so
1
lick
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 619
lick Converſation with any Perſons what was paſt, and provided as well
who had ſerv'd the King; nor had he as they could for the future, they iſſued
hitherto, or, for ſome Time after did out Writs to call a Parliament, to
ſet one of the King's Friends at Li meet upon the five and twentieth Day
berty, though all the Priſons were full of April next enſuing (being April
of them ; but on the contrary, they 1660) and then, on the ſixteenth or
were every Diy committed by the ſeventeenth Day of March, after they
Rump-Parliament; and with them it had appointed a Council of State, of
was Guilt enough to be ſuſpectců but which there were many ſober and ho-
to wilh for the King's Reſtoration, neſt Gentlemen, who did not wiſh the
As ſoon as the Conference above King ill, they diſiòlv'd ti preſent
mention'd was ended with the Mem- Parliament, againſt all the Importuni-
bers of the Parliament, they who had ties uſed by the Sectaries (who in Mul-
been excluded from the Year 1648; titudes flock'd together, and made
repair' to the Houſe on Feb. 2 iſt, and Addreſſes in the Name of their Party
without any Interruption, which they in the City of London, that they would
had hitherto found, took their Places; not diffolve themſelves) but to the un-
and being fuperior in Number to the ſpeakable Joy of all the reſt of the
reſt, they firſt repealed and aboliſh'd Kingdom ; who, notwithſtanding their
all the Orders by which they had been very different Affections, Expectations,
excluded then they provided for him and Deſigns, were unanimous in their
who had ſo well provided for, themWearinels and Deteſtation of the long
by renewing and enlarging the Gene- Parliament.
rals Commiſſion, and revoking all When the King, who had rather an
other Conmiflions which had been Imagination, than an Expectation, that
granted to any to meddle with or aſſign the March of General Monk to London:
Quarters to any part of the Forces.
might produce ſome Alteration that
They who had fate before, had put might be uſeful to him, heard of his
the whole Militia into the Hand of entire Submiſſion to the Parliament,
Sectaries, Perſons generally of no De- and of his entring the City; and dif-
gree or Quality, and notorious only arming it, and the Commitment of
for ſome new Tenet in Religion, and the principal Citizens, and breaking
for ſome barbarity exerciſed upon the their Gates and Portculliſes, all the
King's Party. All theſe Commiſſions little Remainder of his Hopes were ex-
were revoked, and the Militia put tinguiſhed, and he had nothing lefç
under the Government of the Nobility; before his Eyes but a perpetual
and principal Gentry throughout the Exile, attended with all thoſe Dir-
Kingcion ; yet with this Care and Ex- comforts, whereof he had too long
ception, that no Perſon ſhould be ca- Experience, and which he muſt now
pable of being truſted in that Province, expect, would be improved with the
who did not firſt declare under his worft Círcumſtances of Neglect, which
hand, That he did confefs, and acknow- uſed to wait upon that Condition. A
ledge, that the War raiſed by the two greater Confternation and Dejection of
Houſes of Parliament againſt the late Mind cannot be imagin’d than at that
King, was juſt, and lawful, untill ſuch Time cover'd the ſmall Court of the
Time as Force and Vioience was 'uſe: King; but God did not ſuffer him long
upon the Parliament in the Year 1648. to be wrapped up in that melancholick
In the laſt Place, they raiſed an Af- Cloud. As the General's ſecond March
feſſment of One hundred thouſand into the City was within two or three
Pounds a Month, for the paying the Days after the firſt, and diſpelld the
Army; and defraying the publick Ex- Miſts and Fogs which the other had
pences for ſix Months, to which the raiſed, ſo the very Evening of that
whoſe Kingdom willingly ſubmitțed Day which had brought the News of
and the City of London, upon the Cre- the firſt in the Morning, brought like-
dit and Security of that Act, advanced wiſe an Account to his Majeſty of the
as much ready Money as they were ſecond, with all the Circumſtances of
deſired; and having thus far redrelled Bells, and Bonfires, and burning of
Rumps,
610
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
Rumps, and ſuch other Additions, as Cheapfide; Tato-ithe Bonfires, and the
might reaſonably be true, and which King's Health drank in ſeveral Places,
a willing Relator would not omit. beard all that the General had done,
When it begun to be dark, the and broughi a copy of the Letter which
Lord Marquis of Ormond brought a the General had ſent to the Parliament,
young Man with him to the Chancel- at the Time when he return'd with bis
lor's Lodging at Bruſels; which was Army into the City; and then told ma-
under the King's Bed-Chamber, and ny Things, which were, he ſaid, pub-
to which his Majeſty every Day vouch- lickly Spoken, concerning ſending for the
ſafed to come for the Diſpatch of any King : That then he took Post for Do-
Buſineſs. The Marquis faid no more ver, and hired a Bark that brought hing
but That that Man had formerly been to Oftend.
an Officer under him, and be believ'd be The Time was fo ſhort from the
was an honest Man; beſides, that he Hour he left London, that the Expedi-
brought a Line or two of Credit from a tion of his Journey was incredible;
Perſon they would both believe; but that nor could any Man undertake to come
his Diſcourſe was so ſtrange and extra- from thence in ſo ſhort a Time, upon
vagant, that he knew not what to think the moſt important Affair, and for the
of it; however, he would call the King greateſt Reward. It was evident by
to Judge; and ſo went out of the many Pauſes and Heſitations in his
Room leaving the Man there, and Diſcourſe, and ſome Repetitions, that
immediately return'd with the King. the Man was not compoſed, and at
The Man's Name was Baily; who beſt wanted Sleep; yet his Relation
had liv'd moſt in Ireland, and had could not be a meer Fiction and Ima-
ſerv'd there as a Foot Officer under the gination. Sir John Stephens was a Man
Marquis. He look'd as if he had well known to his Majeſty, and the
drank much, or ſlept little : His Re- other two; and had been ſent over
lation was, That in the Afternoon of lately by the King, with fome Advice
ſuch a Day, he was with Sir John Ste- to his Friends; and it was well known,
phens in Lambeth Houſe, uſed then as a that he had been apprehended at his
Priſon for many of the King's Friends; Landing, and was ſent Priſoner to
where, whilſt they were in Conference Lambeth Houſe. And though he had
together, News was brought into the not mention'd in his Note many Par-
Houſe by ſeveral Perſons, that the Gene- ticulars, yet he had given him Credit,
ral was marched with his whole Army and nothing but the Man's own Devo-
into the City (it being within two or tion to the King could reaſonably
three Days after he had been there, and tempt him to undertake ſo hazardous
broke down their Gates, and pulld and chargeable a Journey. Then the
down their Poſts) and that he had a General's Letter to the Parliament was
Conference with the Mayor and Alder- of the higheſt Moment, and not like
men ; which was no ſooner ended, but to be feign'd; and upon the whole
that all the City Bells rang out; and he Matter, the King thought he had Ar-
beard the Bells very plain at Lambeth: gument to raiſe his own Spirits, and
And that he ſtay'd there ſo late, till they that he ſhould do but juſtly in commu-
ſaw the Bonfires burning and flaming in nicating his Intelligence to his diſpi-
the City : Upon which Sir John Stephens rited Family, and Servants; who,
bad deſired bim, that he would imme- upon the News thereof, were revived
diately croſs the River, and go into proportionably to the Deſpair they had
London, and enquire what the Matter ſwallow'd.
was; and if he found any thing extraor There happen'd likewiſe at this
dinary in it, that he would take Poſt, Time a Buſineſs that very much trou-
and make all poſſible Haſte to Bruſſels, bled the King, and might very pro-
that the King might be inform’d of it; bably have deſtroy'd all the Hopes
and ſo gave him a ſhort Note in Writing that began to flatter him. Upon the
to the Marquis of Ormond, that be Diffolution of the Parliament, which
might believe all that the Meſſenger put an End to all the Power and Au-
would inform him : That thereupon be thority of thoſe who had been the chief
went over the River, walked through Inſtruments of all the monſtrous Things,
which
,1
I
in the Reign of King CHARLES I. 621
which had been done, the higheſt De- he thought himſelf ſure of, the Gene-
Spair ſeized upon all who had been the ral had quickly Notice in what Quar-
late King's. Judges; who were ſure to ter he was : Yet, with great Expedi-
find as hard Meaſures from the ſeclud. tion, Lambert drew four Troops of the
ed Members, as they were to expect if Army to him, with which he had the
the King himſelf had been reſtored. Courage to appear near Daventry in
And all they who had afterwards con- Northamptonſhire; where he preſumed
curr'd with them, and exerciſed the he ſhould be attended by other Parts
ſame Power who were called the Rump, of the Army, before it ſhould be
believ'd their Ruin and Deſtruction to known at White-Hall where he was,
be certain, and at hand. And there and that any Forces could be ſent from
fore they contrived all the Ways they thence againſt him : Of which he
could to preſerve themſelves, and to doubted not, from his many
Friends,
prevent the aſſembling a new Parlia- he ſhould have ſeaſonable Notice.
ment; which if they could interrupt, But the General, upon his firſt In-
they made no doubt but the Rump- timation of his being in Buckingham-
Members would again reſume the GO- Shire; and of the Courſe he meant to
vernment, notwithſtanding their Dif: take, had committed it to the Charge
ſolution by the Power of the fecluded and Care of Colonel Ingolſby, to attend
Members; who would then pay dear and watch all his Motions with his
for their Preſumption and Intrufion. own Regiment of Horſe, which was
To this Purpoſe, they employed the more faithful to to him for having
their Agents among the Officers and been before ſeduced by Lambert to de-
Soldiers of the Army, who had been ſert him. Ingoldſby, being joyn'd by
diſgracefully remov'd from their Quar- a good Body of Foot under Colonel
ters in the Strand, and Weſtminſter, Streater, uſed fo much Diligence in
and the Parts adjacent to London, to waiting upon Lambert's Motion,. be-
make room for General Monk's Army; fore he was ſuſpected to be ſo near,
which was now look'd upon as the fole that one of Lambert's four Captains fell
Confiding Part of the Army. And into the Hands of his forlorne Hope ;
they inflamed theſe Men with the who made him Priſoner, and brought
Senſe of their own deſperate Condi- him to their Colonel. The Captain
tion; who, having ſerv'd throughout was very well known to Ingoldſby;
the War, ſhould, beſides the Loſs of who, after ſome Conference with him,
all the Arrears of Pay due to them, be gave him his Liberty, upon his Pro-
now offer'd as a Sacrifice to the Cava- miſe, That he would himſelf
. retire to
liers, whom they had conquer'd, and his Houſe, and ſend bis Troop to obey his
who, they ſuppoſed, were implacably Commands; which Promiſe he obſerv’d,
incenſed again't them. Nor did they and the next Day his Troop, under
omit to make the ſame Infuſions into his Cornet, and Quarter-Maſter, càme
the Soldiers of General Monk's Army, to Ingoldſby, and inform’d him where
wito had all the ſame Title to the fame Lambert was. He thereupon made
Fears and Apprehenſions. And when Hafte, and was in his View, before
their Minds were thus prepared, and the other had Notice that he was pur-
ready to declarę upon the firſt Oppor- ſued by him.
tunity, Lambert made his Eſcape our Lambert, ſurprized with this Diſco-
of the Tower ; his Party having in all very, and finding that one of his
Places ſo many of their Combination, Troops had forſaken him, ſaw his Ene-
that they could compaſs their Deſigns my much ſuperior to him in Number;
of that kind whenever they thought and thereupon ſent to deſire that they
fit; though the General had as great a rnight treat together; which the other
Jealouſy of this Man's Eſcape, as of was content to do. Lambert propofed
any thing that could fåll out to ſup- to him, That they snight reſtore Richard
plant him.
to be Protector; and promiſed to unite
Lambert ſtay'd not at all in London, all his Credit to the Support of that In-
as it was his Intereſt to have done, but tereſt. But Ingoldpoy had devoted him-
haften'd into the Country; and truſting ſelf to a better Intereft ; and adher’d
a Gentleman in Buckinghamſhire, whom to the General, becauſe he preſum'a
181
that
1
7 S
622
"The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
"
that he did intend to ſerve the King, prepared for the Summer Service, was
and ſo rejected this Overcure. Where- under the Command of Vice-Admiral
upon both Parties prepared to fight, Lawſon, but they made Montague and
when another of Lamberi's Troops for the General Joint-Admirals with him.
ſaking him, and putting themſelves
There was, at this Time, in great
under his Enemy, he concluded, that Truſt with the General, a Gentleman
his Safety would depend upon his of Devonſhire, of a fair Eſtate and Re-
Flight; which he thought to ſecure by putation, one William Morrice, a Per-
the Swiftneſs of his Horſe. But In- ſon of a retired Life, which he ſpent
goldſby keeping his Eye ftill upon him, in Study, being learned and of good
and being mounted; overtook him, Parts, being choſen to ſerve in the
and made him his Priſoner, after he next enſuing Parliament, had made
had in vain uſed great and much Im- haſte to London, the better to obſerve
portunity to him, that he would per. how Things were like to go. With
mit him to eſcape.
him the General conſulted freely touch-
With him were Cobbet, Creed, and ing all his Perplexities and Obſerva-
ſome other Officers of the greateſt In- tions; how be found moſt. Men of Qua-
tereſt with the Fanatick Part of the lity and Intereſt inclin'd to call in the
Army, and who were moſt appre- King, but upon ſuch Conditions as muſt
hended by the General in a Time be very ungrateful, if poſſible to be re-
when all the Ways were full of Sol. ceiv'd; and the London Miniſters talk'd
diers endeavouring to repair to them, already fo loudly of them, that the
ſo that, if they had not been cruſhed Covenant being new printed, and by
in that Inſtant, they would, in very Order fixed up in all Churches, they,
few Days, have appear'd very formi- in their Sermons, diſcourſed of the fe-
dable. 'Ingoldſby return'd to London, veral Obligations in it, that, without
and brought his Priſoners to the Privy expoſing themſelves to the Danger of
Council ; who committed Lambert naming the King, which yet they did
again to the Tower with a ſtricter not long forbear, every body under-
Charge, with ſome other of the Offi- ſtood, they thought it neceſſary the
cers; and fent the reſt to other Priſons. People ſhould recurn to their. Alle-
This very ſeaſonable Victory look'd to giance.
all Men as a happy Omen to the fuc That which wrought moſt
ceeding Parliament; which was to af- General, was the Choice which was
ſemble ſoon after the Priſoners were begun to be made in all Counties for
brought before the Council ; and Members to ſerve in Parliament; very
would not have appear'd with the ſame many of them being known to be of
Chearfulneſs, if Lambert had remain'd ſingular Affection to the King, and
ſtill in Arms, or, in truth, if he had very few who did not heartily abhor.
been ſtill at Liberty..
the Murder of his Father, and deteſt
In this ſhort Interval between the the Government that ſucceeded : So
Return of the ſecluded Members, and that it was reaſonably apprehended,
the Convention of the new Parliament, that, when they ſhould once meet,
many prudent Actions and Alterations there would be Warmth among them,
were begun by that Parliament, before that could not be reſtrain'd or control-
it was diffolv'd, and finiſh'd afterwards ed ; and they might take the. Buſineſs
by the Council of State ; which were ſo much into their own hands, as to
good Preſages, that the future Coun- leave no Part to him to merit of the
cils would proceed with Moderation. King; from whom he had yet deſerv'd
They relealed Sir George Booth from nothing.
his Impriſonment, that he might be Mr. Morrice was not wanting to
elected to fit in the enſuing Parliament, cultivate thoſe Conceptions with his
as he ſhortly after was; and they ſet Information of the Affections of the
at Liberty all thoſe who had been Weſt, where the King's Reſtoration
committed for adhering to him. was, he ſaid, ſo impatiently looked for,
But that which ſeen’d of moſt Im- that they bad made Choice of few or no
portance, was the Reformation they Members to ſerve for Cornwal cr De-
made in the Navy. The preſent Flees vonſhire, but ſuch, who they were confi
.
upon the
2
dent,
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
623
}
dent, would contribute all they could to. indeed to ſuffer every Man to enjoy
invite the King to return. When the what he. would
..
General had reflected upon the whole After Sir John Greenvil had enough
Matter, he reſolv'd to advance that diſcourſed all Particulars with him,
Deſign; and ſo conſulted with his and taken ſuch ſhort Memorials for his
Friend how he might manage it in Memory as he thought neceſſary, he
that manner, before the Parliament ſet out for Flanders, about the begin.
ſhould aſſemble, that what followed ning of April 1690, and in few Days
might be imputed to his Counſels, and arriv'd ſafely at Bruſſels.
Contrivance.
Whed Sir Jon Greenvil had at
There was then in the Town'a Gen: large inform’d his Majeſty of the Af-
tleman well known to be a Servant of fairs of England, of the Manner of the
eminent Truſt to the King, Sir John General's Conference with him, and
Greenvil, who from the Time of the the good Affection of Mr. Morrice,
Surrender of Silly, had enjoy'd his and had communicated the Inſtructions
Eſtate, and ſometimes his Liberty, and Advices he had receiv’d, as his
though, under the Jealouſy.of a diſaf- Majeſty was very glad that the Gene-
fected Perfon, often reſtrain'd.. ral had thus far diſcover'd himſelf,
The General was content, that Sir and that he had open'd a Door for Cor-
John Greenvil ſhould be truſted in this reſpondence, ſo he was not without
great' Affair, and that Mr. Morrice great Perplexity upon many Particulars
ſhould bring him ſecretly to him in a which were recommended to be done;
private Lodging he had in St. James's. ſome of which he believ'd impoſſible
When he came to him, he told him, and unpracticable, as the leaving every
He meant to ſend bim to the King ; with body in the State they were in, and
whom, be preſumed, he bad credit confirming their Poffeffion in all the
enough to be believ'd without any Teſti. Lands which they held in England,
mony; for be was refalv'd not to write Scotland, or Ireland, by Purchaſe or
to the King, nor to give him any Thing Donation, whether of Lands' belong-
in Writing ; but wiſhed him to confering to the Crown and Church, or
with Mr. Morrice, and to take short ſuch who for adhering to his Father
Memorials in his own Hand of thoſe and himſelf, were declared Delin-
Particulars he should offer to him in his, quents, and had their Lands confiſca-
Diſcourſe; which when he had done, be ted, and diſpoſed of as their Enemies
would himſelf confer with him again at had thought fit. Then the complying
an Hour be should appoint. And ſo he with all Humours in Religion, and
retired haſtily out of the Room, as if the granting a general Liberty of Con-
he were jealous that other Men would ſcience, was a Violation of all the
wonder at his Abſence.
Laws in force, and could not be ap-
That which Mr. Morrice communi prehended to conſiſt with the Peace of
cated to Greenvil, was after he had the Kingdom. No Man was more
enlarged upon, The Perplexity the Ge- diſpoſed to a general Act of Indem-
neral was in, by the ſeveral Humours nity and Oblivion than his Majeſty
and Factions which prevailed, and that was; which he knew, in ſo long and
be durft not truſt any Officer of his own univerſal a Guilt, was abſolutely ne-
Army, or any Friend but himſelf, with ceffary‘Buc he thought it neither
his own ſecret Purpoſes; he adviſed, conſiſtent with his Honour, nor his
That the King Mould write a Letter to Conſcience, that thoſe who had ſate as
the General; in which, after kind and Judges, and condemn'd his Father to
gracious Expreſſions, he should defire him be murder'd, ſhould be comprehended
to deliver the incloſed Letter, and Decla- in that Act of Pardon :. Yet it was
ration, to the Parliament; the particu- adviſed, That there might be no Ex-
lar Heads, and Materials for which ception ; or that above four might
Letter, and Declaration, Morrice diſ not be excepted; becauſe it was al-
courſed to him ; the End of which ledg'd, That ſome of them had facili-
was to ſatisfy all Intereſts, and to com tated the General's March by falling
ply with every Man's Humour, and from Lambert, and others kad bare-
faced
I
624
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
much.
+
.
faced advanced the King's Service very nor did Sir John himſelf, or Mr, Mor-
daunt, conceive that any of the Lords
After great Deliberation upon all had a Purpoſe to meet at firſt, but that
the Particulars, and weighing the Im- all muſt depend upon the Commons.
portance of complying with the Gene- However, the King thought not fit to
ral's Advice in all Things which his paſs them by, but to have a Letter
Conſcience and Honour would permit, prepared as well for them as for the
his Majeſty directed ſuch Letters and Houſe of Commons; and likewiſe ano.
Declarations to be prepared, as ſhould ther to the Fleet; and another to the
be, in a good Degree, ſuitable to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and. Com-
Wiſhes and Counſel of the General; mon Council of the City of London ;
and yet make the Tranſaction of thoſe who, by adhering to the General,
Things which he did not like, the were like to add very much to his Au-
Effect of the Power of the Parliament, thority.
rather than of his Majeſty's Approba As ſoon as thefe Diſpatches were
tion. And the Confidence he had upon got ready, Sir John Greenvil made
the general Election of honeſt and pru- what Haſte he could for England, and
dent Men, and in ſome particular Per- return’d to London before the Defeat of
ſons, who, he heard, were already Lambert, and a full Week before the
choſen, diſpoſed him to make a gene- Parliament was to begin. The Gene-
ral Reference of all Things which he ral, upon the Peruſal of the Copies of
could not reſerve to himſelf, to the the ſeveral Diſpatches, liked all very
Wiſdom of the Parliament, upon Pre- well. And it ought to be remember'd
ſumption that they would not exact for his Honour, that from this Time
more from him than he was willing he behaved himſelf with great Affec-
to conſent to; ſince he well knew, tion towards the King; and though he
that whatever Title They allum'd or was offer'd all the Authority that
he gave them, they muſt have another Cromwell had enjoy'd, and the Title
kind of Parliament to confirm all that of King; he uſed áll his Endeavours
was done by then ; without which to promote and advance the Intereſt of
They could not be ſafe, and content- his Majeſty.
ed, nor his Majeſty obliged.
The Parliament met on the 25th of
The King was reſolv'd rather to April, of which the General was re-
make no Mention of the Murderers of turn’d a Member to ſerve as Knight of
his Father, than to pardon any of the Shire for Devon, Sir Harbottle
them, and except four, as was propo- Grimſtone being choſe Speaker. And
fed; but choſe rather to refer the whole after the General had well furvey'd the
Conſideration of that Affair, without Tempet of the Houſe, upon the firſt
any Reſtriction, to the Conſcience of of. May he came into the Houſe, and
the Parliament; yet with ſuch Expreſ- told them, One Sir John Greenvil,
ſions and Deſcriptions, that they could who was a Servant of the King's, had
not but diſcern that he truſted chem'in brought 'bim a Letter from his Majeſty ;
Confidence that they would do them- which he had in his Hands, but would
felves and the Nation right, in declar- not preſume to open it without their Di-
ing their Deteſtation of, and preparing re&tion ; and that the ſame Gentleman
Vengeance for, that Parricide." And was at the Door, and had a Letter to
from the Time that the ſecluded Mem- the Houſe': Which was no ſooner
bers fate again with the Rump, there faid, chan with a General Acclamation
was good Evidence given that they he was called for ; and being brought
would not leave that odious Murder to the Bar, he ſaid, Tbat he was com-
unexamined and unpuniſhed; which manded by the King his Maſter, having
the more diſpoſed the King to depend been lately with him at Breda, to deli-
upon their Virtue and Juſtice. ver that Letter to the Houſe; which he
When the Summons were ſent' out was ready to do; and ſo, giving it by
to call the Parliament, there was no the Serjeant to be deliver'd to the
Mention or Thought of a Houſe of Speaker, he withdrew.
Peers; nor had the General intimated The Houſe immediately calls to
any ſuch Thing to Sir John Greenvil; have both Letters read, that to the
5
General,
*
1
in tke Reign of King CHARLES I. 625
*
!
General, and that to the Speaker ; Generals, and his Majeſty's Declara-
which being done, the Declaration tion, thought themſelves highly how
was as greedily callid for, and read. nour'd, in that they were look'd uponi
And from this Time Charles Stuart as good Inſtruments of his Majeſty's
was no more heard of: And fo uni. Reſtoration; and made thoſe Vows,
verſal a Joy was never ſeen within and publiſh'd ſuch Declarations of
thoſe Walls; and though there were their Loyalty and Duty, as their Ge-
ſome Members there, who were no nerals cauſed to be provided for them;
thing delighted with the Temper of which they ſign’d with the loudeſt
the Houſe, nor with the Argument of Alacrity. And the Truth is, the Ge-
it, and probably had Malice enough. neral managed the Buſineſs, which he
to make within themſelves the moſt now own'd himſelf to have underta-
execrable Wiſhes, yet they had not ken, with wouderful Prudence, and
the Hardineſs to appear leſs tranſport- Dexterity. And as the Nature and
ed than the reſt; who, not deferring Humour of chis Officers were well
it one Moment, and without one con- known to him, ſo he remov'd ſuch
tradicting Voice, appointed a Com- from their commands whoſe Affec-
mittee to prepare an Anſwer to his tions he ſuſpected, and conferr'd their
Majeſty's Letter, expreſſing the great Places upon others, of whom he was
and joyful Senſe the Houſe had of his moſt affured. In a word, there was
gracious Offers, and their humble and either real joy in the Hearts of all
hearty Thanks for the ſame, and with Men, or at leaſt their. Countenance
Profeſſions of their Loyalty and Duty appear d ſuch as if they were glad at
to his Majeſty ; and that the Houſe the Heart.
would give a ſpeedy Anſwer to his The Committee who were appointed
Majeſty's gracious Propoſals. They by the Houſe of Commons to prepare
likewiſe order'd, at the ſame Time, an Anſwer to the King's Letter, found
that both his Majeſty's Letters, that it hard to ſatisfy all Men, who were
to the Houſe, and that to the General, well contented that the King ſhould be
with his Majeſty's Declaration therein invited to return : But ſome thought;
incloſed, and the Reſolution of the that the Guilt of the Nation did re-
Houſe thereupon, ſhould be forthwith quire leſs Precipitation than was like to
printed and publiſhed.
be uſed ; and that the Treaty ought
This kind of Reception was beyond firſt to be made with the King, and
what the beſt Affected, riay even the Conditions of Security agreed on, be-
King could expect or hope; and all fore his Majeſty ſhould be receiv'da
that follow'd went in the fame Pace, Many of thoſes who had conferr'd to-
The Lords, when they ſaw what Spirit gether before the Meeting of the Par-
the Houſe of Commons was poffèffed liament, had deſign'd ſome Articles to
of, would not loſe their Share of be prepared, according to the Model
Thanks, but. made haſte into their of thoſe at Killingworth, in the Time
Houſe without excluding any who had. of King Harry the third, to which the
been fequefter'd from ſitting there for 'King ſhould be. ſworn before he came
their Delinquency; and then they re- home. Then the Preſbyterian Party,
ceiv'd likewiſe their Letter from Sir 'of which there were many Members
Fohn Greenvil which his Majeſty had in Parliament, though they were ra-
directed to them; and they receiv'd it ther troubleſome than powerful, ſeem'd
with the ſame Duty and Acknowledg- very ſollicitous that ſomewhat ſhould
ment. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, be concluded in veneration of the Co-
and Common Council, were likewiſe venant; and, at leaſt, that ſomewhat
tranſported with the King's Goodneſs ſhould be inſerted in their Anſwer, to
towards them, and with the Expreſ- che Diſcountenance of the Biſhops.
fions of his Royal Clemency; and en But the warmer Zeal of the Houſe
ter'd into cloſe Deliberation, what Re- threw away all thoſe Formalities and
gurn they ſnould make to him to ma Affectations: They ſaid, They had prou
piteſt their Duty and Gratitude. · And ceeded too far already in their Vote upon
the Officers of the Army, and Fleet, the Receipt of the Letter, to fall back
upon the Sight of the Letters to their again, and to offend the King with colder
7 T
Ex.
4
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132
626
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
--
1
Expreſſions of their Duty. In the End, Years from enjoying the Comfort and
afier fome Days Debate, they ſent an Support of ſuch excellent Subjects.
Anſwer to his Majeſty's Letter, ex- , From the Time that the King came" :
preſſing great Deteſtation of that hor to Breda, very few Days paſſed with-
rid AĞt committed on the precious out fome Expreſs-from London, upon
Life of Charles I. hoping that God the Obſervations of his Friends, and
would not impute the Guilt of it, nor the Applications made to them by ma-
the evil Conſequences thereof, .unto ny who had been very active againſt
the Land, whole Juſtice never involves the King, and were now as follicitous
the Guiltleſs with the Guilty; and that his Majeſty ſhould know, that they
his Majeſty would take care to repair wholly dedicated themſelves to his Ser-
the Breaches which had ſhook the very vice. Even before the General had -
Foundations of the Kingdom, and pro- declared himſelf; or the Parliament
vide Things neceſſary for the ſtrength- was aſſembled, fome, who had fate
ning of thoſe Repairs, and preventing Judges upon his Father,, fent many'.
whatſoever may diſturb or weaken Excuſes, that they were forced to it,
them.
and offer'd to perform ſignál Services,
As ſoon as this Letter was engroſſed if they might obtain their Pardon.
and ſign’d, Sir Johu Greenvil was ap- But his Majeſty would admit no Ad-
pointed to attend again ; and he being dreſs from them, nor hearken to any
brought to the Bar, the Speaker ſtood Propoſitions made on their Behalf.
up, and told him, That they need not There was one Inſtance that per-
ciquaint him with what grateful Hearts plexed him; which was the Caſe of
they had receiv'd his Majeſty's gracious Colonel Ingoldſby; who was in the
Letter; he himſelf was an Ear and Eye- Number of the late King's Judges,
Witneſs of it: Their Bells and their and whoſe Name was in the Warrant
Bonfires bad already begun the Procla- for his Murder. He, from the Depo-
mation of his Majeſty's Goodneſs, and of ſal of-Richard, had declared, that he
their Joys; that they had now prepared would ſerve the King, and ſaid, That
an Anfreer to his Majeſty, which ſhould be would perform all Services he could,
be deliver'd to him; and that they did without making any Conditions ; and,
not think fit be ſhould return to their would be well content, that his Majeſty,
Royad Sovereign without ſome Teſtimony when he came home, hould take his
of their Reſpects to himſelf; and there- Head off
, if he thought fit; only be de-
fore had order'd 500l. to be deliver'd fired that the King might know the Truth,
Him, as an Honour of being the Meſſenger of his Cafe; which was this.
- of so gracious a Mesage, and in the He was a Gentleman of a good Ex-
Name of the Houſe he gave him their traction, and near ally'd to Cromwell,
moſt hearty Thanks. So great and ſud- who had drawn him into the Army
den a Change was this, that a Servant about the Time when he came firſt to
of the King's, who, for near ten Age, where he grew to be a Colonel
Years together, had been in Priſons, of Horſe, and to have the Reputation
and under Confinements, only for be- of great Courage againſt the Enemy,
ing the King's Servant, and would, and of equal Civility to all Men. I
but three Months before, have been is very true, he was named amongſt
put to have undergone a ſhameful thoſe who were appointed to be Judges
Death, if he had been known to have of the King, and it is as true, that he
ſeen the King, ſhould be now re was never once preſent with them, alt
warded for bringing a Meſſage from ways abhorring the Action in his
him. From this Time there was ſuch Heart, and having no other Paſſion in
Emulation and Impatience in Lords, any part of the Quarrel, but his perio-
• and Commons, and City, and gene nai Kindneſs to Cromwell. The next
rally over the Kingdom, who ſhould Day after the horrid Sentence was pro-
make the moſt lively Expreſſions of nounced, he had an Occaſion to ſpeak
their Duty and of their joy, that a with an Officer, who, he was told,
Man could not but wonder where was in the Painted Chamber; where,
thoſe People dwelt who had done all the when he came thither, he ſaw Crom-
Miſchief, and kept the King ſo many well, and the reſt of thoſe who had
fate
1
a
in the Reign of King CHARLES I.
627
7
fate upon the King, and were then, as The King had been very few Days
he found afterwards, aſſembled to ſign at the Hague, when he heard that the
the Warrant for the King's Death. Engliſh Fleet was in Sight of Schevel-
· As ſoon as Cronwell's Eyes were upon ing; and ſhortly after, an Officer from
him, he run to him, and taking him Admiral Montague was ſent to. the
by the Hand, drew him by force to King, to preſent his Duty to him,
the Table; and ſaid, Though he had and to the Duke of York, their High
eſcaped him all the while before, he Admiral, to receive Orders. - The
should now ſign that Paper as well as Duke of York went the next Day on
They; which he, ſeeing what it was, board the Fleet, to take Poffeffion of
refuſed with great Paſſion; faying, He his Command; where he was receiv’d
knew nothing of the Buſineſs ; and of- by all the Officers and Seamèn, with
fer'd to go away. But Cromwell
, and all poſſible Duty and Submiſſion, and
others, held him by Violence; and with thoſe Acclamations which are pe-
Cromwell, with a loud Laughter, tak- culiar to that people, and in which
ļ ing his Hand in his, and putting the they excel.
Pen between his Fingers, with his own Shortly after, the Committee of
Hand writ Richard Ingoldſøy, he mak- Lords and Commons- arriy'd at the
ing all the Reſiſtance he could And Hague; where the States took care for
he ſaid, If bis Name there were com their decent Accommodation. And
+ pared with what he had ever writ bim- the next Day they deſired Admiíſion
Self, it could never be look'd upon as his to his Majeſty ; who immediately re-
own Hand.
ceiv'd them very graciouſly. From the
Though his Majeſty had within Houſe of Peers were deputed fix of
himſelf Compaſſion for him, he would their Body, and, according to Cuſtom,
never ſend him any Aſſurance of his 'twelve from the Commons. Theſe
Pardon ; preſuming that, if all theſe Perſons preſented the humble Invita-
Allegations were true, there would be tion and Supplication of the Parliament,
a Seaſon when a Diſtinction would be That his Majeſty would be pleaſed to re-
made, without his Majeſty's declaring turn, and take the Government of the
himſelf, between him and thoſe other Kingdom into his Hands; where he
of that Bloody Liſt, which he reſolv'd ſhould find all poſſible Affection, Duty,
never to pardon. Nor was. Ingoldſby at and Obedience, from all bis Subječts.
ali diſhearter'd at this, but purſued his And leſt his Return might be retarded
sformer Reſolutions, and firſt ſurprized by the Wąuit of Money, to diſcharge
the Caſtle of Windſor, (where there thoſe Debts, which he could not but
was a great Magazine of Arms and have contracted, they preſented from
Ammunition) and put out that Gover the Parliament the Sum of fifty thou-
nor whom the Rump had put in ; and fand Pounds to his Majeſty ; having
afterwards took Lambert Priſoner, as likewiſe Order to pay the Sum of ten
is before remember'd.
thouſand Pounds to the Duke of York,
The King had not been many Days and five thouſand to the Duke of Glo-
in Breda, before the States General cefter; which was a very good Supply
fént Deputies of their own Body to to their ſeveral Neceſſities.
congratulate his Majeſty's Arrival in The City of London did, at the ſame
their Dominions, and to acknowledge Time, ſend fourteen of their ſubſtan-
the great Honour. he had vouchſafed ftial Citizens, To afure bis Majeſty of.
to do them. And ſhortly after, his their Fidelity, and moſt chearful Sub-
Majeſty and his Train left Breda, and miſſion; and they preſented to him
embarked on board the Yachts, which from the City the Sum of ten thouſand
carried them to Roterdam; where they Pounds. The King received them very
enter'd their Coaches; from whence graciouſly, and knighted them alls
to the Hague they ſeem'd to paſs thro' an Honour no Man had receiv'd in
one continued Street, by the wonderful near twenty Years, and with which
and orderly Appearance of the People they were much delighted.
on both sides, with ſuch Acclama After eight or ten Days ſpent at the
tions of Joy, as if themſelves were now Hague in Triumphs and Feſtivals
, and
reſtored to Peace and Security. which were concluded.' with fev
5
rich
4.
ľ
1
!
1
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628
The Hiſtory of the Rebellion
1
1
1
rich Preſents made to his Majeſty, the in Order on both sides, and giving
King took his Leave of the States, loud Thanks to God for his Majeſty's
with all the Profeſſions of Amity their Preſence. He no ſooner came to
Civilities deferv’d; and embark'd him- White-Hall, but the two Houſes of,
ſelf on the Royal Charles ; which had Parliament ſolemnly caſt themſelves at
been before call’d the Naſeby, but had his Feet, with all Vows of Affection
been new chriſten'd' the Day before, and Fidelity to the World's End. In
as many others had been, in the Pre- a Word, the Joy was ſo unexpreſſible,
fence, and by the Order of his Royal and ſo univerſal, that his Majeſty ſaid
Highneſs the Admiral. Upon the four ſmilingly to fome about him, He doubt-.
and twentieth Day of May, the Fleeted it had been his own Fault be had!
fet fail; and, in one continued Thun- been abſent so long; for be Saw no body
der of Cannon, arriv'd near Dover ſo that did not proteſt, he had ever wiſhed
early, on the ſix and twentieth, that his for his Return.
Majeſty diſembark'd; and being re In this wonderful Manner, and with
ceiv'd by the General, at the Brink of this incredible Expedition, did God
the Sea (whom he met, and einbraced, put an End to a Rebellion that had
with great Demonſtration of Affection) raged near twenty Years, and been
he 'preſently took Coach, and came carried on with all the horrid Circum-
that Night to Canterbury; where he ſtances of Murder, Devaitation, and
ſtay'd the next Day, being-Sunday; Parricide, that Fire and Sword, in the
and went to his Devotions at the Ca- Hands of the moſt wicked Men in the
thedral'which he found very much World, could be Inſtruments of ; al-
dilapidated, and out of repair yet the moſt to the Deſolation of two King-
People feéim'd glad to hear the Com- doms, and the exceeding defacing and
mon-Prayer again. Thither came very deforming the third.
many of the Nobility, and other Per It was but five Months, ſince Lame
ſons of Quality, to preſent themſelves bert's Army was ſcatter'd and con-
to the King;
and there his Majeſty founded, and General Monk's march'd
aſſembled his Council; and ſwore the into England: It was but three Months,
General of the Council, and Mr. Mor. ſince the ſecluded Members were re-
rice, whom he there knighted, and ſtored ; and ſhortly after, the mon-
gave him the Signet, and (wore him ſtrous long Parliament finally diffolvido
Secretary of State. That Day, his Ma- and rooted up: It was but a Month,
jeſty gave the Garter to the General, ſince the King's Letters and Declara-
and likewiſe to the Marquis of Hert- tion were deliver'd to the new Parlia-
ford, and the Earl of Southampton (who ment; afterwards called the Convena:
had been elected many Years before) tion: On the firſt of May they were de-
and ſent it likewiſe by Garter, Herald liver'd, and his Majeſty was at White:
and King at Arms, fo Admiral Mon-, Hall on the 29th of the ſame Month
taguse, who remain'd in the Downs, By theſe remarkable Steps, among
On Monday he went to Rocheſter; others, did the merciful Hand.of God,
and the next Day, being the nine and in this ſhort Space of Time, not only
twentieth of May, and his Birth-Day; bind up and heal all thoſe Wounds,
he enter'd London ; all the Ways thi- but even make the Scars as undiſcern-
ther being ſo full of People, and Ac-able, as, in reſpect of the Deepneſs,
clamations; as if the whole Kingdom was poſible; which was a glorious
had been gather'd there. Between Addition to the Deliverance. And,
Deptford and Southwark the Lord after this miraculous Reſtoration of the
Mayor and Aldermen met him, with Crown, and the Church, and the juſt
all ſuch Proteſtations of Joy as can Rights of Parliament, no Nation un-
hardly be imagin'd. The Concourſe der Heaven can ever be more happy,
was ſo great, that the King rode in a if God ſhall be pleaſed to add Étta-
Crowd from the Bridge to White-Hall; bliſhment and Perpetuity to the Elef-
all the Conspanies of the City ſtanding ſings he then reſtored.
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