= ~s – º ºº v/ s | NZ NZ NZ NZ NZ NZ NZ - º or the Best curº º sººn intº - Vol. 12, No. 655. Sept. 28, 1885. Annual Subscription, $30.00. INTEGRAL CO-OPERATION || WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE - PROPOSED PACIFIC COLONY AND THE CREPłºść 'tºº - UNIVERSITY of: tº BY ALBERT K. OWEN º º jºš. º - §§ Entered at the Post Office, N. Y., as secºnd class matter. Copyright, 1884, by John W. LovELL Co. | - Joliº V Lo tº Cº. | || - *_. No. º #º zºº T H E Fº LABADIE LIBRAR º: (Private) - DETROIT, - MICHIGAN. º % - c at a o gue d e º P- | TID-BITSº Titnow) HII (Ülomen BY THESE PRESENTS, while sundry and almost countless imitations of and substi Enoch Morgan's Sons Sapolio are offered by unscrupulous par , wº do not hesitate to represent them as the original article, Cbig iſnöenture WITNESSETH. That there is bu'. 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For Sale by all Leading Dry Goods Bealers. Zºº. *- & —r- HENRY GEORGE’s LATEST work. | Filºtill T Flº Tril? AN EXAMINATION OF THE TARIFF QUESTION WITH ESPECIAL REGARD TO THE INTERESTS 0F LABOR. By HENRY CEORGE, Author of “Progress and Poverty,” “Social Problems,” “The Land Question,” etc. 12mo, Cloth. Frice, is 1.50. C C IST TIE IN T s - I. Introductory. XVI. Tº: ºpment of manu- II. Clearing ground. 8Ctureş, III. Of method. XVII. Protection and producers. IV. Protection as a universal need. XVIII. Effect of protection on Am- V. The protective unit. -- erican industry. WI. Trade. ##:::::::: e apolition or protection. VII. Production and produ XXI. Inadequacy of thefree trade VIII. Tariffs for revenue. argument. IX. Tariffs for protection. XXII. The real weakness qf free X. The encouragement of indus- trade. XXIII. The real strength of pro- tection. Ji XI. The home market and home trade. XXIV. The paradox, XII. Exports and imports. XXV. The robber that takes all XIII. Confusions arising from the that is left. use of money. XXVI. True free trade. gº Pº# *: ges necessitate pro- xxvii. The lion in the path. Cºlon XXVIII. Free trade and socialism. XV. Of advantages and disadvan- tages as reasons for pro- XXIX. Practical politics. tion. XXX. Conclusion. | º eºsºmsºmºmºsºmmiss=sº For sale by all booksellers, or sent prepaid by mail on receipt "H of price. * HENRY GEORGE & CO., 16 Astor Place, Nevv York. Åwo-l- 1443– 7 he Century Magazine, HE CENTURY is an illustrated monthly magazine, issued on the first day of each month, and containing one hundred and sixty pages (or more), with from forty to eighty illustrations. It has a regular circulation of about two hundred thousand copies, often reaching and sometimes exceeding two hundred and twenty-five thousand. Of these a large edition is sold in England, where THE CENTURY has been the leading periodical of its class for upwards of ten years. The magazine was founded in 1870. In 1881 it took the name “The Century,” and the name of the corporation which published it became “The Century Co.” It has been called by the N. Y. Mation “the best edited magazine- in the world.” º In it are published novels and stories by our leading writers, including Frank R. Stockton, George W. Cable, Dr. Edward Eggleston, Julian Hawthorne, Mary Hallock Foote, and others. It contains illustrated articles in travel, science, art, history, and other fields of literature; essays on the prominent ques- tions of the day; poems; sketches, etc. It is “the most American of our magazines.” A remark- able serial is now appearing in THE CENTURY. It is a history of our own country in its most critical period, as told in The LiFE of Lincoln, BY HIS CONFIDENTIAL SECRETARIES, JOHN G. NicoLAY * AND COL, JOHN HAY, § This great work, begun with the sanction of Presi- § dent Lincoln and continued under the authority of his son, the Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, is the only full and authoritative record of Lincoln's eventful life. Its authors have had every facility for writing a complete and accurate biography, and they have ardently fulfilled their duty, and have produced “the most important of American historical biographies.” Subscription, $4.00 per year; 35 cents per number. SOLD BY ALL, DEALERS. THE CENTURY Co., NEW YORK, St. Micholas, for Young Folés. Edited by MARY MAPES DODGE. ST. NICHOLAS is a monthly illustrated magazine for girls and boys of all ages. The little children are remembered every month, and those who are blossoming into manhood and womanhood are not too old to find amusement and instruction in its pages. The Christian Unionſ said long ago that it was “for children from five to eighty-five.” It has a large circulation in England as well as in America. 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Y. º xx —ºr- -er- —zz- The Best UtterANCE LABOR QUESTION. “Solutions Sociales,” translated by Marie Howland: “SocłAI, SoluTIONs,” a semi-monthly pamphlet, containing each a twelfth part of an admirable English translation of M. Godin’s state- ment of the course of study which led hirfi to conceive thé Social Palace at Guise, France. There is no question that this publieation makes an era in the growth of the labor question. It should serve as the manual for organized labor in its present contest, since its teachings will as surely lead to the destruction of the wages system as the aboli, tion movement lead to that qf chattel slavery. Each hümber contains articles of importance, besides the portion of the translation: Many of these are translated from M. Godin's contributions to the socialistic propaganda in Europe. * Published as regular issues of the “LovELå IrprARx,” by the John W. Lovel Company, 14 and 16 Vesey Street, New York, N. Y., at ten cents per number; the subscription of $1.00 secures the des , livery of the complete series. *s- arº . . JoBN w. LoVELL COMPANY.” I4 and 16 Vesey Street,_ JNEW YORK. -ºf- INTEGRAL CO-OPERATION; ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATIQ.N., * * BY ALBERT K. OWEN. ** Every noble work is at first impossible.—Carlyle, A fool in revolt, is infinitely wiser than the philosopher forging a learned apology for his chains.—KossuTH. *. g -— It is just fifty years ago that the construction of the first French railroad, that from Paris to St. Germain, was officially sanctioned. The late Emil Péreire undertook to make this line at his own expense. It had taken nearly three years to obtain the consent of the authorities, the contention of Theirs being that railroads could never be more than mere toys, while Arazo also doubted their utility. The financial difficulties were also great, and only surmounted when the Rothschilds and Davillers were won over. The road was opened in 1837, and be- came the nucleus of the western system.—7%e Sun, Sept. 1, 1885. * NEW YORK: JOHN W. LOVELL COMPANY., 14 & 16 VESEY STREET. True living is not thinking h9w to act, but acting what we dare to think, \ º It does not matter so much where you stand as in what direction you are moving.—Dr. Holmes. - *mºmº- Many a man thinks that it is his goodness which keeps him from crime, when it is only his full stomach. On half allowance he would be as ugly and knavish as anybody. Don’t mistake potatoes for principles. * - f Between truth and falsehood, purity and corruption, justice and usurpation there is eternal war. Between them there never can- there never should—be peace.—Social Democracy. I hold that the abolition of classes would tend to the general ele- vation of all society; would be for the good of the upper as well as for the lower; would destroy the precariousness of life, now felt by the middle classes as well as by others.-‘‘Social League’” (England.) , They (the Scotch Student Socialists) don't care anything about the merely political questions of socialism—about legislative machinery and the like; what they do care for is the moral side of it; the intro- duction of a higher ethics into work and life.—/ustice (English Socialist.) - *** --→ 2. * Let us have construction, not destruction. Let our aim be not dependence upon, or independence of any person or thing, but inter dependence with all persons and everything. * THE CREDIT FONCIER OF SINALOA A SOCIAL STUDY By ALBERT K. O.W.E.N. Goethe (WILHELM MEISTER): It needs an inward impulse, a desire, a love for duty to overcome obstacles, to remove restraints, to elevate us above the limits of a narrow circle within which others fret out their wretched existence. - y- *-*—- Professor John Stuart Blackie gave up his chair in Edin- burgh University, in 1884, resolved, henceforth, to devote himself to work in behalf of the order of Highland peasantry. In that work he is now earnestly engaged. He says: “Let Greek die, let Hebrew die, let learning go to the dogs 3 but let human beings live and let brotherhood and charity live.” 2 * H ºr CoLERIDGE: He who begins by loving Christianity better than truth, will proceed by loving his own sect or church better than Chris- tianity, and end in loving himself better than all. August Vitu, the dramatić critic of the ##aro, who knew Victor Hugo very intimately, quotes him as saying : “Those who flatter themselves that they see God under a certain definite figure, and who confine him with a dogma, are rash; those who deny his existence are fools. That is my profession of faith; and this God, whom I do not know, I adore with all the force of my intelligence and reason.” FROLOGUE. THE TWO PROBLEMS. The great, the underlying problems which have agitated, which have convulsed the races of man during all the ages pf recorded history are two—AEroduction is one. Distribu, tion is the other. Z%e first great problem of civilization is how to produce wealth, how to cultivate, how to work, how to manufacture, how to make that, how to perfect this. Zhe second greaf £roblem of civilization is how to dis- tribute wealth, how to move the products grown, how to exchange the articles made : how are we to transport the coal from the deep, dark hole, where it is of no gse, to the iron furnace where it is greatly needed: how are we to exchange this extra pair of shoes, which we do not want, for that surplus barrel of flour at the mill, which our family must have or die. , These are the two, the great, the basig, the underlying problems upon the intelligent solution of which our civili- zation, our very existence depend. ZŽe first Azoblem treats of labor, of force, of plachinery; it utilizes inventions, applies chemistry and adyances science, ... • . * * * ... * * - . . amº-º The second problem contains the question of wages, of 6 AVZ.EGA’AA, CO-OPEA’A 7TWOAZ. & transportations, of exchanges, of ethics, and of the ways and means of payments. With the first, the question is how to occupy labor, how to employ force, how to apply invention, how to profit by discovery, how to diversify and perfect our finished articles of manufacture ? With the second, the question is how are we to distribute the wages, the burdens, the taxes, the necessities, the conveniences, the luxuries of our labors, of our fields, and of our workshops ? From the intelligent employment of force results national power. Force represents the first problem, and if solved by itself, it will form an ill-constituted grandeur —a barbaric confederation—a government of privileged and incorporated classes, such as we have in these United States to-day—a government in which all the material ele- ments are combined—a government into which no moral principle enters. From the intelligent distribution of services results in- dividual happiness. Distribution represents the second problem ; and upon the happy and prosperous homes of an educated people a great nation can be formed. By in- telligent distribution we must not understand equal distribu- tion, but equitable distribution. The highest equality is equity. With equity we will have justice and good fellow- ship, we will have the strong and educated having a care for the weak and uneducated. We will have interdepend- ent-common-interests in the place of independent-special- privileges and we will have a high plane of intellectual, wholesome, vigorous life instead of the low, depraved, diseased, criminal existence through which we now struggle. The solving of this, the second problem of civilization without at the same time solving the first problem would be fraught with disaster no less gory than history has JAVTEGRAL CO-OPERA TWOM. j painted, in our own and ancient times, in connection with the solution of the first great problem. The two great problems of civilization must be solved together to be well solved. There have been and there are several nations which have measurably solved the first problem. Rome, Greece and Egypt are ancient examples. There have been pos- sibly two nations—Peru,” under the Incas, and Venice,f under the Doges, which have started upon the correct solution of the second, but there never has been a nation, ancient or modern, which has solved the first and second problems together; hence it is that the world has always been and is filled with contentions and confusions, with wars and suicides, with miseries and crimes. Man has been the problem of the past century. Woman is the conundrum of the new era. Man represents force. He stands the embodiment of the first proëlem of civilization. Trying as he has been to solve himself alone, he has made a miserable failure. He has developed brute force, but possesses no moral courage. He has some forced cultures, but not one refined instinct. Woman is the symbol of ethics, equity, love, confidence and truth. Woman represents the second problem. She has been forced to one side in the affairs of horne and state, has been humiliated, outlawed and enslaved ; and she has given the world in return slave children ; sons too contemptibly ignorant to know that they are slaves; daughters, who find their only consolation in superstition, and who look forward to a future life for happiness and * Every child born was given a portion of land by the state. f From 1171 to 1797, the Venetians exchanged their services by means of “credits " and “debits” upon the books of their bank free ſrom interest and these “Credits” were at a premium over the world, renowned “Gold Ducats.” * : * f ~ + º-, . . * • -e 3. 8 IAWZTEGRAZ, CO-OPERA. ZZOAV. the realization of their better natures, Man is the supple, ment, woman the complement of civilization. One is the representative of the first, the other that of the second problem. An injury which mars the one wrongs the c ther. Nót to understand this is to be ignorant of fundamental fact. Man and woman cannot bring forth ehildren free and enlightened until they have introduced equities into all the affairs of life, private and public. Man and woman to be free must solve the two great problems of civilization together and at the same time. The United States, England, France, Belgium and Ger- many have measurably solved the first great problem of eivilization. As producers and as manufacturers they are a partial success. Their vegetables, eereals, fruits, breadstuffs, meats and articles of finished workmanship are wonderful in growth, in make and in abundance. And grand and beautiful are their steam cars and ocean ships, their electric telegraphs, cables, telephones and rºmotors; their canals, tunnels and bridges, their tramways, their water supplies, gas-works, buildings, inventions and sciences. But these peoples have only, yet learned the A, B C to the solution of the second great problem of eivilization. They are all bad—they are wretched distributors. They push the solution of the first. 'problem without regard to the solution of the second, and this leads their people inevitably to the two extremes. Monstrous opulence on the one side ; monstrous misery upon the other; all the enjoyments.to the few ; all the pri- vations to the many All the privileges, all the offices, all the emolurºc.hts, all the honors, all the luxuries to the cun- ning, to the designing, to the insignificant tricksters and mid- dle-men ; all the birdens, All the taxes, all the "dishonors, all the disadvantages to the producing, to the 'unincorpo. rated people. ? The mission of the Socialists is to force upon the con- sideration of our people of every class the vital issues under- AVºg R4A, CO-O.P.E.R.4 ZYOAV. 9 lying the second great problem of civilization, and to urge by organizing co-operative industries and exchanges the appli- ratiºn ºf equity in the affairs of mankind, at the same time that our home industries are protected, diversified and per- fected; that we as a people may progress to a high plane of intellectuality, and that we as individuals may have sºme security, peace and happiness on this Earth's surface, in this our own generation. The ways and means by which this result may be accom- plished, under the conditions which surround us, is by in- corporating ſearnest, industrious and responsible men and women into associations which will organize to protect the members and to advance the purposes desired against antag- onistic bodies. Non-incorporated persons cannot long stand up against incorporated classes, companies and firms enjoying special privileges and exemptions. All efforts, no matter how well intentioned, will be futile in carrying into practical application co-operative ideas if the persons so moving do not act as a body corporate. There are giants to be met, Men or women unincorporated, are but dwarfs. Corporations stand in the path turn where we will, be our purpose what it may ; and hence to be recognized we must be strong and able to hold our own. Organization must meet organization, force must encounter force and then those who have philosophy and humanity as the basis of their society will triumph. Constructive methods will ad- vance, and destructiye bodies will have no place on this planet. “Faith, hope and charity” have been the motto of those people who have partially solved the first problem of civili- 2ation. Duty, Interdependence and Éguity should be the motto of those persons—of those men and women who will solve at one and the same, time the first and second prob- lems of civilization—who will perfect the man, privilege the IO JAV7'EGA’AAC CO-OPERA 7TWOAV. woman and make strong the state; and may God be with the right ! ALBERT K. Owen. Room 708, 32 NASSAU ST., New York City. Residence, Chester, Pa. CO-OPERATION, In publishing the articles of Albert K. Owen upon his plan of co- operative homes, industry and society, whicº we commend to the careful study of our readers, 7%e American must not be regarded as endorsing them. Mr. Owen is of Quaker ancestry—a man of inde- fatigable industry, great ability, and thoroughly devoted to the cause of true humanity. He will not err through lack of an honest, earnest purpose of well-doing.—The American, New York, Wednesday, February 11, 1885. LET US HAVE EVOLUTION, NOT REVOLUTION. SETTLEMENT, FARM, FACTORY AND COMMERCE, THE CREDIT FONCIER • OF SINALOA, AS A BASIS FOR PACIFIC COLONY. CO-OPERATION SYSTEMATIZED. BY ALBERT K. Owen. A. K. Owen —Use Public Utilities for the Conveniences and Revenues of the Public, and Permit Private Properties to be in the Control of Individuals under certain declared &eservations in the interest of the Common Weal, * Credit Foncier: Loans upon real estate, Foncier standing for manor or home; i. e., the security of well regulated homes, made the basis for the common weal. & AVZ.E.G.R.4 L CO.O.P.E.R.A. Tſ62/V. 11 HARMONY. * He who with bold and skillful hand sweeps o'er The organ keys of some cathedral pile, Flooding with music vault and nave and aisle, While on his ear falls but a thunderous roar- In the composer's lofty motive free, Knows well that all that temple vast and dim, Thrills to its base with anthem, psalm or hymn, True to the changeless laws of harmony. So he, who on these clanging chords of life, With firm, sweet touch plays the great Master's score Of Truth and Love and Duty, evermore, Knows, too, that far beyond this roar and strife, Though he may never hear, in the true time, These notes must all accord in symphonies sublime.” PREFACE. A. K. Owen, 1877:—Competition and trade have ruled and ruined in the past and present ages. The benign influences of steam, electricity and their accessories, make demand for integral co-operation and commerce. Com- petition is antagonism. Co-operation is haſ ony. Com- petition, which in former ages was called “piracy,” en- courages the big fish to say to the little fish, “I am a big fellow, strong and competent; you are a little fellow, weak and incompetent; you shall bear my burdens.” Co-opera- tion teaches that assured prosperity may be attained only by making the people prosperous. The strong and the advanced say to the weak and retarded: “We cannot go forward until your conditions are bettered; let us reason together, that required results may be more readily and equitably accomplished.” It is well, it is commendable to have the physique, the force, the intellect of a giant; but it is tyranny to use such natural and acquired powers as a giant. Can the competition between a giant and a £2 JAWZTEGRAA, CO-OPERA 7/0AV. dwarf, between an educated and an uneducated person, between mechanical labor and hand labor, between a patrician and a plebeian, add to the physical, horal and intellectual requirements of society : There is no such thing as competition between equals. The strong always combine. The unassociated suffer in consequence. Are the steam-stimulated and the telephone-inspired people of the near present going to honor persons who madly rush to a comparatively safe position by means of ladders built by others' toil, and selfishly kick over the steps to prevent others from advancing to the enjoyment of the same security? Competition is satisfied with a comparative progress, the eompetitor being content in a mud hut, providing his fellow associates are wallowing in mud, disease and crime. Co-operation makes demand for the utmost possible benefits—its eyery effort is to better the physical condition of the whole people. Free money, un- restricted commerce and exemption from taxation, federal, state and municipal, must be attained co-operatively, not separately; never by means of competition. HENRY CAREY BATRD says: No country which has existed has ever developed a tithe of the power which its people and its resources have been capable of, because all governments are now and ever have been run by and for the few to the exclusion of the many; whereas, it is these latter who really constitute the State and possess the ability to make it rich and powerful. Stein, the famous Prime Minister of Prussia, had a real appreciation of this great truth, when, after the battle of Jena, his country was crushed beneath the iron heel of Napoleon, and it became necessary to have a real State resting upon the broad shoulders of the people, “to compensate the kingdom's loss in extensive greatness by intensive strength.” He abelished feudalism and its accompanying slavery, and called into being -a-large body of peasant proprietors, ~z- INTEGRAE CO-OPERATIOM. 13 among whom the land was divided, and who thus were made to feel that they had a country worth defending. Association with his fellow-men—the ability to ex- ichange services, commodities and ideas—is the first and the great and paramount need of man; and that State will be greatest, freest, most stable, most enduring and most powerful in which this force is most fully developed among the whole body of the people; and of whose power to labor the least possible quantity is lost, and the greatest utilized. The conditions essential to these are: 1. Land within the reach of the people as proprietors, which places them in the position, while feeding them- selves, of readily utilizing the remainder of their labor, by storing it up and finally disposing of it in the form of agricultural products. 2. Diversified industries, which by the differences in commodities and services, as well as in wants, render ex- changes easy and rapid. 3. And finally a full volume of money, happily termed the instrument of association, which can alone make pos. sible an instantaneous exchange of services, commodities and ideas, by admitting of their ceaseless composition, 'decomposition and recomposition, and enabling. those who need them to command them, thus utilizing the countless billions of billions of minutes of which the lives of a people are constituted. It is the absence of one or of all these conditions which has hitherto caused nine-tenths or more of the power of every State to be wasted beyond recovery; thus producing individual want, misery and crime, and national weakness and instability, where individual plenty, happiness and virtue, and national power and stability should have been permanent, and ever-widening and intensifying. WENDELL PHILLIPs (1870): How to make the labor- 34 JAVTEGRAL CO-OPERA, 77OA). ing man work less and have more for his work, will have to be considered. For in spite of all social science, and all the dry theorizing which is flung at us from the differ. ent churches and societies in the course of the year, I still maintain that the ideal civilization which is to come, and which it is the effort of every man to hasten, is all wrap- ped up in that one principle, that the mass of mankind work less and enjoy more. Every thirty years since Christ died ; every thirty years has been an advance toward that end ; every thirty years of the last 200 has been an advance so marked that any man can see it. Europe is heading for- ward to the day when the mass of men shall work less and enjoy mole, and that is the goal at which we aim, and our only object in thus movement is to hasten the progress of Aumanity in that direction. John DoughERTY: It is as impolitic for man—a social being—to live apart from the community of interests, and unanimity of intelligence for which nature designed him as for the ant, bee or beaver to leave the ant-hill, hive or beaver-dam. Henry George addressed a large audience on “The Crime of Poverty” in the Academy of Music in Brooklyn last evening. He said poverty was something more than a crime—it was the fruitful parent of crime. Western Ireland and the Highlands of Scotland were the poorest countries he had ever seen, but if he were compelled to dwell among the poor he would rather be there, as one did not meet among the unfortunate people there the degrada- tion which exists in the centres of civilization. The man who was industrious was the man who ought to be rich, and yet the industrious were not always rich; labor did not always command wealth. If wealth were the result of work, then the workingmen would to-day be the well. to-do. º AV7'EGA’AA, CO-OPERA 77OAV. Y5 It is not over-production, but unjust distribution, that is now depressing trade. Is it a wonder that men all over the world are beginning to grow restive 2 The most dangerous men are not the dynamiters or anarchists, but the men who preach that this thing must be so, and who do not look for a remedy. Poverty cannot be cured by alms. It demands justice, and justice alone. The Chris- tian Church is shirking its duty. Nothing is said from the pulpit against the condition of things which makes this terrible struggle for existence possible. Christian duties involve social duties. The general cause of the existence of poverty is that the land is treated as private property. The ownership of the land necessitates poverty. There would be poverty in the kingdom of Heaven if it were monopolized by a few. The reason that men are unemployed is because they are shut out from the land. So long as land is to be had by all who want it there will be no one out of employ- ment. No man has a right to hold a part of the earth which he is not using himself.-The Sun, New York, Feb. 24th, 1885. GOETHE:—Without earnestness there is nothing to be done in life; yet even among the people whom we call men of cuſture, but little earnestness is often to be found; in labors and employments, in arts, nay, even in recreations, they plant themselves, if I may say so, in an attitude of self. defence; they live, as they read a heap of newspapers, only to be done with them. They re...ind one of that young Englishman at Rome, who told, with a contented air, one evening in some company, that “to-day he had dispatched six churches and two galleries.” They wish to know and learn a multitude of things, and not seldom those things with which they have the least concern; and they never see that hunger is not appeased by snapping at the air. 16 AAV7 FGRAL Co-operazzOAW. When I become acquainted with a man my first inquiry is: with what does he occupy himself, and how, and with what degree of perseverance 2 The answer regulates the interest I take in that man for life. THE PROBLEM OF THE AGE. 4. } In the history of governments through ages past we find that whatever the system under which they were organized, or however -slow or rapid their development, the chief part of the wealth produced by the hand of labor finally reaches the pockets of the few, while the great mass of people beeome, poorer and poorer. This unjust division and unequable distribution continues until the populace either become slaves, or, by rebellion, the government is overthrown and a new one established, or else utter ruin and anarchy follow like a blight and punishment. The question is, can governments be so constituted as to-preveat the few, from absorbing such a large per cent, of the surplus products of labor? Can just and equitable distribution be instituted and the governments be per. petuated by the more general prosperity and consequent contentment and happiness of the people This is the problem ef the age. } º º ſſ | t º | | | | d \|| t | #. †† ºš # # #. ------ º - §§§ºhº jº º - º § £º: F- º º º º º: t | | A. ! | W. JAVTEGRAL CO-OPERATYOAW. I9 SUGGESTIONS — THE CREDIT FONCIER OF SINALOA. WHEREAs, The past and present systems for laying out, governing and policing cities have been and are failures, lamentable and conspicuous; AND, WHEREAS, There must of necessity be a change in the system for laying out, governing and policing cities, before the life of the citizen can be made useful, whole- some and secure. . . AND, WHEREAS, There cannot be equity where non-in- corporated persons are forced to struggle for existence against incorporated classes; where the weak and unedu- cated have to combat with the strong and cunning; where woman, intelligent, refined, and a holder of property, is po- litically classed with felons, minors and idiots; where com- petition reigns instead of co-operation; where independence takes the place of interdependence; where equality is at- tempted instead of equity; where charity is offered and fustice is not given; and where “Superior” and “Subordi. nate authority" is practiced to the exclusion of co-ordinate control. Therefore, be it Resolved, That if it is right and progres- sive that several persons be created a body corporate, and given special and exclusive privileges to build, manage and operate railroads, telegraphs, banks, gas-works, water sup- plies, etc., etc., that it is proper that persons wishing to colonize be incorporated with special powers and privi- leges, to buy, lay out, build and manage towns and farms, in every one of their varied and necessary departments, that the common and private interests of the colonists, may be intelligently started, securely guarded and forcibly advanced in storm and sunshine, during the night and in the day, and when accident, sickness and age have stop- ped his or her usefulness. 2O AAWTEGRAZ CO-OPERA 7TWOAV. And, be it Resolved, That twenty-five or more persons be incorporated, under general or special act, a “Credit Foncier”—a colonization, building, deposit, loan and op- erating company ; and proceed to locate and work under the general colonization laws of the United Mexican States; that the said “Credit Foncier” buy the control. ing interests in a town site and farm,” lay out streets, roads, etc., build, furnish, rent and sell houses, lots and gar- den areas, construct, equip and operate passenger railways,t water supplies,4 electric powers, motors, lights, etc., etc., open houses for retail and wholesale purposes, build and control schools, markets, theatres,s hotels, wharves, docks, etc., etc. * Newcastle, Delaware, is the only city in the United States, which has no municipal or school taxes to pay. The revenue coming in from land with which the city was endowed by William Penn is suffi- cient to meet the expense of running the government. —The land belonging to Cornell University comprises 240 acres, of which Izo is specially devoted to the farm, Not originally fertile, it has been made sufficiently so to yield about $6000 annually in gross products. —The government of the incorporated town of Starke, in Florida, is carried on entirely without a property tax. —Venezuela schools are supported by the Federal Government from the revenue of the Post Offices and a trade-license system. f In Great Britain and Ireland there were, January 1883, twenty- six street railways, belonging to local authorities, the total length of which was more than 150 miles, and the cost a little over $9,000,ooo. The 413 miles of road belonging to private individuals cost consider- ably over $30,000,000. # The city of Charleston, in its corporate capacity, is about to un- dertake the driving of the deepest artesian well in the world. It will be driven in the main part of the city, as it is expected to furnish 4,ooo, ooo gallons of water per day, it is calculated, with the two simi- lar wells already down, to furnish a sufficient supply of water for the entire city for many years. The new well will be 2,000 feet deep, will be at least six inches in-diameter at the bottom, and is to be com. pleted by August, 1885. e --- * • * § Paris owns and manages its theatres. | New York City owns and leases its wharves. IAWTEGRAL CO-OPERATIOM. 21. And, be it Resolved, That said “Credit Foncier” issue. 1oo,ooo shares of capital stock of $10 per share par value ; that 15,000 of said shares be sold at par during 1885, to persons wishing to colonize or to promote such interests as herein suggested; that from the receipt of said sale of 15,000 of said shares, there be $30,000 paid for 15,000 building lots (3,750 square feet each); that $15,000 be paid for 15,000 acres of choice farm land near the town site selected; that $10,000 be paid for suitable offices for the headquarters of said “Credit Foncier;” that $20,000 be paid to build and furnish an attractive hotel ; that $10,000 be paid for building and furnishing ten model houses; that $3,003 be paid to erect a crematory for the use of the colonists;* that $30,000 be paid for the controlling interests in a pipe line of capacity sufficient to bring not less than 2,000,ooo gallons of pure, fresh water every twenty- four hours upon the farm lands and the town site of the colonists; that $15,000 be paid for the controlling interest In a steamboat to keep regular communication between the colonists and the outside world; that $2,000 be paid to es- tablish and operate a weekly paper; that $5,000 interests be taken in the capital stock of the first railroad which may run to the town site and farm lands of the colonists—pro- vided that the same can be had at par-and that the Colony have a directorship in said company, and that the remainr ing $10,000 be used for the necessary expenses contingent to organization and to the first operations of the Depart- ment of deposits, loans and insurances of said “Credit Foncier.” And, be it Resolved. That said “Credit Foncier” select for its first kncation “Pacific Colony site,” which has been *—Cremation in Paris witsoon be available for the general public ut the small cost of $3 for each operatién. An experimental furnace is being constructed at Père-la-Chaise, on the principle of the cremar tories at Rome and Milan. 22 IAWTEGRAL CO-OPEA’A 7/O/V. laid out by the American and Mexican Pacific Railroad Company, on the north shore of Topolobampo harbor, Sinaloa, Mexico; and that 33.5oo acres of farm lands be selected from the ranch known as “Mochis,” providing that the trustee for the said colony site agrees to sell 15,000 lots in said site for $30,000, and that the trustee for the said “Mochis" ranch agrees to sell 15,000 acres of said ranch for $15,000 cash; the trustee for said colony site agreeing further to pool for ten years with said “Credit Foncier" lot-interests sufficient to control said colony site, and the trustee of said “Mochis” ranch agreeing to give said “Credit Foncier” the option to buy the remaining 18,500 acres of said “Mochis" ranch any time within two years at the cash price of $1 (Mexican money) per acre. The said “Credit Foncier” agreeing that as soon as 2,000 colonists have settled upon said “Pacific Colony site,” to pay to said trustee $2 (Mexican money) per lot-interest pooled by him with said “Credit Foncier; ” and in like manner for said price and at the same time the “Credit Foncier” will settle with all per- sons holding interests in said colony site; it being under- stood that all thoroughfares, parks, areas, wharves, shores, islands, rocks, etc., belonging to said site follow the said lots, i. e., the “Credit Foncier of Sinaloa " agrees to buy the said colony site for $200,000 (Mexican money), paying $30,000 at once, and when 2,000 colonists have been established, to pay $170,000 more. After the sale of the said 15,000 shares have been made the stock of the “Credit Foncier” will be sold only to actual settlers, and after all the said shares in the treasury of the “Credit Foncier” have been sold, then the “Credit Foncier” will call in and buy, at par, all stock of the “Credit Foncier” which is held by colonists over and above the number of shares representing property actually used and improved. AVYEGA’AA CO-OPERA ZYOAV. 23 * And, be it Resolved, That the said headquarters, hotel, crematory and model houses be built on the said Pacific Colony site; that the pipe line be along the line of the American and Mexican Pacific Railroad from San Blas or . Sufragio, on the River Fuerte through “Mochis” to Topo- lobampo harbor; that the steamboat of the colonists ply between Topolobampo harbor and San Francisco and the harbors and islands of the Gulf of California; that the paper be called “The Credit Foncier of Sinaloa ; ”* and that the railroad shares of stock, to be purchased, be the capital stock of the American and Mexican Pacific Rail- road, if said shares can be bought as aforesaid. And, be it Resolved, That the said lot-interests be sold to actual colonists, in series No. 1, 2, 3, etc.; that series No. 1 be 500 lot-interests for $10 per lot-interest, and with each lot-interest be sold, also, one share of the capital stock of said “Credit Foncier,” at par ; that the colonist selects the lot or lots, he or she wishes to build upon or improve; suggests the style and cost of house and im- provements he or she desires, and that the same be fur- nished by said “Credit Foncier,” to said colonist, at cost, with five per cent. per annum added for the use of the money. And, be it Resolved, That if a colonist wishes to improve one block of ground on said site, which contains forty- eight lot-interests, the colonist can buy the said lot- interests at the price fixed for the series in which he buys together with 48 shares, at par, of the capital stock of said “Credit Foncier; ” but the colonist cannot sell lot- interests or stock of the “Credit Foncier,” at any time, to other body than the “Credit Foncier; ” all lot-interests * The popular newspaper in Madrid has no managing editor. A dozen reporters secure the news and drop their manuscripts in a bag where they stay until the foreman wants copy. He pulls out, indis- criminately, enough to fill up, and with the matter fixed in the forms in the most convenient way, the paper goes to press, 24” Arsonal coorasazoº, and “Credit Foncier” stock sales and the conditions of the same being forever reserved by said “Credit Foncier.” And, le if Resolºed, 'Filat said: “Credit Foncier” be con- trolled by a Board of Directors elected by; from and for the stockholders; that said Directors elect their Chair- man, and that said: Chairman form the necessary co-ordi- nate departments from the said Directors. And, be if A^esolved, That the said departments to begin with, be as follows: Department on deposits, loans, insurances, and the ways and means of payments; De- partment on Surveys, buildings, improvements, streets, parks, wharves, etc.; Department on laws, by-laws, arbi- trations and registrations; Department on, the employ- ment of motors, powers, lights and heats; Department on policing, sewerage and cleanliness; Department on trans- portation of persons, baggage, parcels and communica- tions; Department for the diversification and perfection of employments among and of the stockholders; Depart- ment on—educations, instructions, amusements and baths; Department on fanming, forestry, stock-raising, game and fish, culture and preservation.; Department of surgeons, nurses, pharmacy, chemistry and commissariat. And, be it Resolved, That said directors be paid salaries, never to exceed $1 oo per month; that a printed list of every class of service be posted at the headquarters of each of said Departments, and all moneys so received be paid into the Department gn deposits, loans, insurances, and the ways and means of payments, and that the report of each Department be published officially every month, and authorized copies be sent to each stopkholder. ARGUMENT. The lands on and adjacent to Topolobampo harbor, Sinaloa, Mexico, present an attractive basis, and the sug. gestions hereinabove written formulate a plan by which a AVTEGRAL CO-OPERA 77OAy 25 •gºns-ſº •e- ... }- e-º 6- - -# {{{}} .---***：-2'& & & & →*~*~--3§*-º e ， s c>eº：_№ ț¢”?！~\ ）• © • e � �►3） e ： « » o qixxi w• • • • • • •* • ºàvaº Riº:}Š· •�©� * „• • ••* • • ** a �e * • €.��ſae● WNÏqNWNg3? Yes• b • è ��∞� ��•� « A oorlog. Nwº• • ** * *&~• • • ► -----*• • •3 *** dasſ www： wwe: : : : e ºș� Þa ,� # ##- 485:3 ） ğ ğ ?ſząſă § # # 5 ſº ji Jō Ō ; ：;~~， quod2 : 3 §: * • • • •”* • •�� }\, ;$ �șa�� ！”Q*ſ\|$ $ $3 |------iſ--~~~F----+---+--} *ą* … --~~~r—- 26 AV7'EGA’.4 / CO-OPAEAEA 7/OAV. colony of 5oo, or a nation of 6oo, ooo, ooo people may be united intelligently, forcibly and amicably. The site for “Pacific Colony” has been laid out upon a carefully studied plan, and after many years’ experience with the practical workings of city regulations and exten- sions, and is designed to meet the present and future requirements of a great commercial, manufacturing and agricultural commonwealth. Its geographical relations with North, Central and South America; with the island worlds of the Pacific ; with Europe and Asia; its imme- diate back-country resources and its climate combine to speak for “Pacific Colony” site an immediate and con- spicuous influence in the world's exchanges. It lies on a direct line, drawn through New Orleans and Galveston, and at a distance of 14oo miles by railroad routes from the former; less than 11oo miles by railroad routes from the latter; 1326 miles by steamship lines from San Fran- cisco, and within 200 miles from Guaymas, which is six days, by railroad from New York City. It is in the zone of empire, conquest and commerce, and in the latitude of the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands, Canton, Calcutta, Muscat, Mecca, Thebes, and the Bahamas. While ocean currents and trade winds facilitate departures to Japan, China, and Australia, no snows or floods interrupt access to it from the Texas ports on the Gulf of Mexico.” * W. BARRows, D. D.:-Moreover, the commerce of the valley of the Mississippi tends naturally to an outlet through Mexico to the Pa- cific and the ancient east. That valley is larger by one-half than the Old Roman Empire, and is drained into the Mexican Gulf by more than 15,000 miles of navigable rivers. Few people realize how much nearer it is from the valley to the Pacific by going across Mexico than by using our own railroads. New Orleans may be, and soon will be, 726 miles nearer to the Pacific than to San Francisco, Even St. Louis will soon be 650 miles nearer to the Pacific by rail than it now is to San Francisco. Interior Omaha, the last large eastern city before we enter the west proper, and so far on the way to the Pacific at San --- AVZ.EGRAL CO-OPERATIOA. �� &?Nous aanvºoi ~~~~}~=+\--->（\\---º---Tºtº & \ !}• ~3）}|***（ta osºro, №vg �• • • • • • • � ºv,\,|t.};! „ºs`------- �|●* ,* ** • „eºŽ;}& - ---- «ı ••0rº^~ ��■■º， ºs----&ó，<！-- |-f.�N \ \s *X^!!0！!3.ON… ***！�•）ISONV， \„k` y~\,nºoyºus|!>.