， ,-…--~3） • ， ， ， sºº-- gº…--~~~~--~ *: < ≤ ≤ ∞ *: × × × × * * =： …º º se º'，ſaeºſ $2$3&...º… 2. ¿¿.** ºsº ~~ ~~~ ſº -- ， º» （， ） → ， ** ** - …，~ ~ ~ ！ ae ∞ √≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ， ， ; ∞· ： …ºffſF. u. -، -∞a √°-°.°′ -- . . .: - ...: ; ſºft/vg || Aſ '9 zzº of A 9. . - /927 - 3 UNIVERSITY of MICHIGAN & \ ~ * : *, *** * * }\} . \\ A. - - tº '... v. & Sº \\ *} DA eq 0. G-1 + | Sº what is ow-ſche, 1 º' -- Nº sº wfºu - Ž l º - - - - - - Lic l FC w T-s % - –T *—º- Lºu Joy, ou Cuovºv-cſ 1 º - ſlave the lºſe cºcº, N º * > . sº Hil Affºrtiunutt Rºmriuliruurt of WILLIAM NEW TON, M.A. VI C A R O F R O T H E R H A M, A. D. 1873 - 1879. Born 18" Dec. 1837 Ordained 1861 – Died 18" Feb. 1879. tºº º | cºcººn the l Q. ºs Tºs º is ºs Tºs- 1. Thes, I c. 19.20 v. “PEACE, PERFECT PEACE.” º 5 *@ º (º TO LIVE - IS • CHRIST, TO DIE - IS • GA I N. : A Word/rom the Printer ſo the Subscribers to iſiimir Amiri if i\millilill. By 30HN GUEST, F.S.A. ! ::$º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: WHEN the author of this Work consulted me as to its production, fears were entertained that the “copy” as then arranged would not make a volume of more than 300 pages; the paper was accordingly ordered stout to meet the case. During the progress of printing much additional matter “turned up,” which the Author did not like to withhold, the volume has therefore been increased to more than twice the thickness, and contains at least three times the quantity of matter originally intended. Considerable delay in the issue of this book has been caused by the extreme tardiness of the lithographic artist to whom the execution of the portraits was entrusted. •- Thinking that some of the Subscribers may wish to have these “Historic Notices” bound in two volumes, I have prepared ten sets of Title-pages for the large and small paper copies, which I shall be glad to supply, the large at 2s. per set, and the small at Is. 6d. the set. - The volume may be conveniently divided at page 349 for Volume II. November, 1879. I +ROBERT + WIHITK+- 1etterpress and 1itingraphic printer, WO/CASOP, AWO77S., SºlRGS to offer his services to gentlemen contemplating the production of Local or º County Histories, Privately Printed Books, Pedigrees, Church Registers, or any * other description of printing. His office contains an extensive assortment of Old Style and other appropriate Types, including Greek, Hebrew, Domesday, specia Initial Letters, Headpieces, &c., suitable for every description of work. --- Every department of Letterpress and Lithographic Printing is executed on his premises, and under his personal and constant supervision, and this with the long experience R. W. has had, and the class of work which issues from his Press, will, it is presumed, ensure special advantages to his patrons. Illustrations for works printed at his Press are executed under his own superintendence, and printed with the greatest care. Special attention is devoted to the highest class of woodcut work. The earliest Church Registers printed verbatim et literatim direct from the originals without transcribing, if required. .* R. W. will be glad to supply estimates and advice on application. | | | | : – - jurksijire. Historic Motices OF º e º 'º Eºº-ººººº-º-º-º: erº cºrº. - * * º ºº: º: º ºr º º G tº: ºt §º: tºº º Sº & - º Qº X ºf § E ºf sº & * - , & º º º Hº, tºº * i.e. ... ºº ſº †: dº º ºr sº sº º: º º sº º § º º: º F ºr & º º º: fº.º.º. º. * | *.** º: º - sº º º jº º, a ºf º º §º Eº º sº º º º: º * º º, º: ºrº º º satº E. º º º º º sº Đ 3 & sº | ? ºVº © º E. : º º §: ... : º, sº & sº ºA: º ºf ººººººººt º § allºs º Pº © (ºttlesiastical, (Jullegiate, amū (ſimil. By JOHN GUEST, Esa. “ (But of monuments, names, ſpottes, proſtrbs, traditions, priñate recottes and editſences, fragments of giaries, passages of hockeg, and tſje like, ºut ºne gaſt and tecdºtt 30mitſuijat from tiſt beluge of time.”—3.0th 33aton, Gºioritgop : -#PRINTED +HND+PUBLISHED+BY + ROBERT +WHITE.:- 1879. ** @-> º * ſº aV Q/2 z -- ë. º É.:=- º gºes iº tº lº º I:=> WI. Wººf É :--> 2, ** ë : (ſo Qſìjt ſtigijt ſºmnitraliſt ſººnru, Carl of (ºffingſjäm, 3.0rt of the ſtianor, 3 mt, a jFroffee of the Common lands of łotherijam, 3nt to Gutmart, likobinson, Qºsq., the Greabe, and the CŞentlemen mutu acting ag jeuffers of tiſt gain Cummum lambs, Qſìjig tjolume, (Øf 39 igtoric nº of the ancient Collegiate Jotum of itotberijam, §§ respectfulln ingtribed, Bº their obliget, gerbant amt (Co-jFeoffee, 3ujm (5ttest, jF.Ş. a. .* * zo $&º YN \A-ſ3\ſ, stºol & \ \ſ, ſº \\\ & Y,\ , ... O !. ... 4 wº-w - W - Y - V - - - - Ç \x) \. *S Ö". } 7 - \ , --, Š" \ \ 2- tº o -sº E-F- º ºleº... § 5 iſ zºº º) ºff § - WSE łłrtfätt, N the present instance a preface may be regarded as an indis- pensable prelude to the work now produced. As to the reason for its publication, I may refer to the introduction of a Paper entitled “Relics and Records,” &c., read before the Literary and Scientific Society, at Rotherham, in 1865. Regret is therein expressed for the utter neglect to which the town, through past centuries had been subjected, and this clause was added: “I confess to have been at some pains to remedy this neglect, by endeavouring to put in a groundwork, for what may, if I am spared, become some day a more noteworthy memorial, designed to evince reverence for what was done by the grand old worthies of ancient times, and respect for those who by their enterprise, sagacity, and skill, are now maintaining a van-ward position in the mighty march of the age in which our lot is cast.” Fourteen years have passed away since this promise was made, and during the whole of that period, amid much of change, and physical inaptitude for close application incident on advanced life, it has been steadily kept in view. Year by year, enquiries have been diligently prosecuted, national and local records have been ransacked, and progress has been from time to time made towards the end now reached. I may observe that my object has been to collect all the old documentary evidence that could be found, relating to ancient ecclesiastical, collegiate, and civil institutions which had existed, and some of which yet exist; and also notices of the eminent persons who were connected with them from the earliest period recorded of the town's existence—and to let these tell their own tale. Instead of endeavouring to weave, out of an heterogenous mass of material, bearing the peculiar and striking impress of the different periods of time to which it related, something like a polished and pleasant narrative respecting celebrated by-gone persons, places, and events, I have preferred to occupy the humbler place of the collector and compiler; this only implies on my part diligent research, instead of my aspiring to the chair of the learned historian, to which I have no claim. - But when it is again stated that previous to the year 1865, when the late lamented Mr. EAST wooD read his arousing paper “Ivanhoë-land,” there had not been a single sheet of printed record (except scanty and incorrect notices in topographical works, and the Rev. Joseph HUNTER’s most excellent but vi 33 reface. insufficient epitome in “South Yorkshire”) relating to the past history or present state of Rotherham : it can hardly fail to be a matter of astonishment, that such a mass of highly interesting manuscript documents relating to important local matters, ecclesiastical, collegiate, and civil, should have for so many generations remained undisturbed in the dim recesses of National Record Offices, and in the British Museum. Equally astonishing is it that the no less important and interesting, and in some sort, more attractive records of the Town Trusts, “Churchwarden's Accounts,” &c., detailing the almost daily life of the then really sagacious officials, and of the inhabitants of a steadily growing, and in some respects highly favoured town, should have been equally unheeded and undisturbed. I do not fear my free use of these being found fault with. It may not be so with regard to other matters, such for instance as are copied from printed books, which this inclusive volume presents. But all such extracts, from whatever source they are derived, relate to persons intimately connected with the town, and to transactions which took place in it; and are in books, not even known by name to the major part of the persons for whose information, if not for their edification, these “Historic Notices” have been prepared. Those to whom they are not new, may, I trust, be able to tolerate their appearance here. My aim, in fact, has been to bring together, from all sources, whatever of old or new was entitled to notice in these pages. There is one other matter I approach with becoming diffidence and doubt. This book sins more than once against the grave decorum of history, by the introduction of fancy sketches; and these Delilahs affront nothing less than the sacred memories of two such important personages as an Archbishop and a Bishop. My reverence and love for these celebrated persons is so genuine and sincere, independently of their high ecclesiastical dignity, that I should deeply deprecate the slightest unseemly liberty being considered possible, in connection with their revered names. My very sincere thanks are due and are warmly rendered to the Rev. F. J. FALDING, M.A., D.D., of Rotherham Congregational College; to Professor GREEN, of Headingley; to J. D. LEADER, Esq., F.S.A, of Sheffield; to Dr. PAYNE, of Newhill Hall, and to Mr. J. H. BURLAND, of Nether Hoyland, whose contributions have added a value to this work which I have no doubt will be highly appreciated. I must not omit to acknowledge the valuable help I have received from Miss ToulMIN SMITH, of Highgate; nor to thank the Feoffees of Rotherham and all others whose aid has been kindly and freely rendered. It may not be usual, but it would be quite unjust not to recognise the painstaking and ability shown by my printer and publisher in the bringing out of these pages. That Divine goodness should have lengthened out my mortal span from the appointed “three score years and ten º’ to over the limit of four score years, and should have sustained that ordinarily feeble and infirm decline of life in com- parative health of body and vigour of mind, to the completion, however imperfect, of this account of the town in which I was born, and wherein I have dwelt nearly all the time, and for the last forty years in happiness so beyond my desert, is a marvel of mercy and a theme of thankfulness that transcends expression. JOHN GUEST. Moorgate Grange, A'otherham, October, 1879. $1th 3 trit ºr 3. vii 3Lišf Ji Štti, 3 trifier 3. 1Iarge £aper Copieg. His Grace the DUKE OF NORFOLK, E.M. His Grace the DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, K.G., LL.D., F.R.S. The EARL FITZWILLIAM, K.G. The EARL OF EFFINGHAM. The EARL OF WHARNCLIFFE. William Aldam, Esq., Frickley Hall, Doncaster. Thomas Brooke, Esq., F.S.A., Armitage Bridge, Huddersfield. Mr. Thomas Beggs, Shortlands, Bromley, Kent. * T. W. Badger, Esq., Red House, Moorgate, Rotherham. 2 copies. Mr. Alan Badger, Whiston Grove, Rotherham. g A. Syd. Badger, Esq., Cranworth House, Rotherham. Fairless Barber, Esq., F.S.A., Castle Hill, Rastrick, Brighouse. Mr. Samuel Blunn, Rother Villa, Catcliffe, Rotherham. Mr. John Bocock, Dale View, Matlock Bank. B. E. C., Chambers, Esq., High Green House, Sheffield. Mr. Thomas Cooper, Rose Hill, Rawmarsh. Rev. James J. Christie, M.A., The Vicarage, Pontefract. Mr. Edward Cooper, Doncaster Road, Rotherham. Mr. J. Norton Dickons, I2, Oak Villas, Manningham, Bradford. Mr. Joseph Dodgson, Leeds. Mr. George Eskholme, Beech-en-Hurst, Rotherham. Francis J. Savile Foljambe, Esq., M.P., Osberton, Worksop. Cecil G. Savile Foljambe, Esq., F.S.A., Cockglode, Ollerton. Thomas Grey Fullerton, Esq., M.A., D.L., Thrybergh Hall, Rotherham. Mr. Alderman William Harrison, South Grove, Rotherham. Mr. George Haywood, Rotherstoke, Rotherham. C. E. H. Chadwyck-Healey, Esq., Lincoln's Inn, London. Charles H. Hoyland, Esq., Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. William Heaton, Mill Moor, Masbrough, Rotherham. Mr. William Johnson, Thornhill, Wath-upon-Dearne. Mr. John Mason, High Street, Rotherham. Rev. William Newton (late), The Vicarage, Rotherham. 4 copies. Mr. Joseph Harrison Oxley, Aldwark House, Rotherham. Frederick Ouvry, Esq., F.S.A., Cavendish Square, London. Mr. Bernard Quaritch, I5, Piccadilly, London. Edward Robinson, Esq., Westville, Rotherham. Mr. William Roberts, Elmfield Bank, Rotherham. Rotherham Book Society. Charles Smith, Esq., M.D., Io, Surrey Street, Sheffield. Mr. Charles Swindell, 3, Sandon Terrace, Sheffield. \ Mr. G. W. Tomlinson, F.S.A., 24, Queen Street, Huddersfield. John Townsend, Esq., Shadworth Hall, Blackburn. Mr. William Westby, Atlantic Works, Sheffield. James Yates, Esq., J.P., D.L., Oakwood Hall, Rotherham. R. Milne-Redhead, Esq., F.L.S., Holden Clough, Bolton-by-Bowland. George Edwin Swithinbank, Esq., L.L.D., F.S.A.S., Ormleigh, Anerley Park, London. $1th 3 criti crg. £mall 39aper Copieg. Mr. James Atkinson, Rotherham. Sidney O. Addy, Esq., M.A., Sharrow, Sheffield. Mr. John W. Askham, Collegiate Crescent, Broomhall Park, Sheffield. Messrs. Asher and Co., I 3, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London. John E. Bailey, Esq., F.S.A., Stretford, Manchester. Charles Booth, Esq., Brushes, Sheffield. Mr. John H. Boulton, I, High Street, Rotherham. 2 copies. Isaac Binns, Esq., F.R.H.S., Batley, Yorkshire. Mr. Henry Bray, Masbrough, Rotherham. T. W. Badger, Esq., Red House, Moorgate, Rotherham. 4 copies. Mrs. Badger, Sycamore Cottage, Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Alan Badger, Whiston Grove, Rotherham. Mr. James Bennett, I4, Westgate, Rotherham. Mr. Albert Bibbs, Boston Grove, Moorgate, Rotherham. Rev. William Blazeby, B.A., Hollowgate, Rotherham. Mr. Henry Braithwaite, 20, Crofts, Rotherham. Miss Boomer, Moorgate, Rotherham. - Rev. Philip C. Barker, M.A., L.L.B., Moorgate Grove, Rotherham. Mr. John Barras, Broom Lodge, Rotherham. Mr. Robert John Barras, 5, St. Ann's Road, Rotherham. Edward Baines, Esq., President of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes, St. Ann's Hill, Burley, Leeds. Public Library, Boston (U.S.A.) Mr. Joseph Brailsford, Endcliffe, Sheffield. James Crowther, Esq., 2 I Crofts, Rotherham. Mr. Richard Chrimes, Moorgate Grove, Rotherham. George E. Cokayne, Esq., College of Arms, London. Mr. John Cobban, Wentworth. . Mr. John Collier, 27, Broomhall Place, Sheffield. George Wilton Chambers, Esq., J.P., Clough House, Rotherham. Mr. William Collinson, Masbrough. Mr. C. Beatson Clark, Sharon, Rotherham. Col. Joseph Lemuel Chester, L.L.D., 124, Southwark Park Road, London, S.E. Mr. John Crosby, The Crofts, Rotherham. Chetham's Library, Manchester. Mr. William Davison, Whiston. Mr. Humphrey Davy, High Street, Rotherham. Mr. Thomas F. Dawson, 24, Clifton Bank, Rotherham. Benjamin Bagshaw, Esq., Sharrow. Sheffield. Michael J. Ellison, Esq., Beech Hill, Norfolk Park, Sheffield. Mr. George Eskholme, Beech-en-Hurst, Rotherham. Mr. John G. Elliott, 196, Gibraltar Street, Sheffield. Mr. John Fowler, Sheffield. Mr. John Fawcett, High Street, Rotherham. Mr. Francis Fry, Cotham, Bristol. Harry D'Oyly Foote, Esq., M.D., The Crofts, Rotherham. Mrs. E. France and Son, II, High Street, Rotherham. Rev. F. J. Falding, M.A., D.D., The College, Rotherham. Earl Fitzwilliam, Wentworth Woodhouse, Rotherham. Cecil G. Savile Foljambe, Esq., F.S.A., Cockglode, Ollerton. Mr. Charles Green, Howard Street, Sheffield. Mr. Alfred Scott Gatty, I 31, Finborough Road, South Kensington, London. Mr. John Gibbs, High Street, Rotherham. George Grazebrook, Esq., F.S.A., Oak Hill Park, Liverpool. Mrs. Garnett, Woodbine Villa, Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Abraham Gilling, Church Street, Rotherham. W. A. Garrard, Esq., Wellgate, Rotherham. Honourable and Rev. W. Howard, The Rectory, Whiston, Rotherham. William Henry Hick, Esq., F.R.H.S., Longfield Cottage Dark Lane, Batley. William F. Hoyle, Esq., Hooton Levitt Hall. Mrs. John Haywood, Moorgate, Rotherham. $1th 3 crit ºrg. ix 4' Mr. Henry Hart, 19, Lindum Terrace, Rotherham. Mr. M. Hunter, junr., Greystones, Sheffield. Fretwell W. Hoyle, Esq., F.R.H.S., Eastwood Lodge, Rotherham. Mr. Alderman John M. Habershon, The Holmes, Rotherham. Junius Hardwick, Esq., M.D., Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Edmund Isle Hubbard, Church Street, Rotherham. Mr. Charles C. Hodges, Blackhill, Durham. Mr. Henry Hutchinson, Crab Tree House, Coal Aston. Mr. John Howitt, Whiston Grove, Rotherham. Mr. Joseph J. Habershon, The Holmes, Rotherham. , A Friend per Mr. Joseph J. Habershon, The Holmes, Rotherham. The Free Library, Sheffield. Edward Hailstone, Esq., F.S.A., Walton Hall, Wakefield. Mr. George J. Hinchcliffe, High Street, Rotherham. Mr. M. E. Hadfield, Knowle House, Sheffield. George W. Hodgkinson, Esq., Town Clerk, Rotherham. Rev. Henry Gladwyn Jebb, F.S.A., Firbeck Hall, Rotherham. Mr. Robert Jenkins, Kimberworth, Rotherham. Mr. John Jackson, Spring Bank, Kimberworth Road, Rotherham. Mr. George Jennings, Borough Surveyor, Rotherham. Henry John Knight, Esq., Wellgate, Rotherham. Mr. Alderman Edwin Kelsey, 21, Effingham Street, Rotherham. Mr. Joseph H. Kimpster, Boston Grove, Rotherham. Mr. Walter Knox, 15, St. James' Row, Sheffield. Mr. John Kekwick, Cairnforth House, Rotherham. The Library of the Corporation of the City of London, Guildhall. William Lee, Esq., C.E., 4, Woodfield Terrace, Harrow Road, London. Mr. Farindon Lane, Hall Road, Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Rupert Lomas, 70, Westgate, Rotherham. Mr. John Law, Bridge Gate, Rotherham. Mr. John D. Leader, F.S.A., Broomhall Park, Sheffield. Messrs. W. C. Leng and Co., “Telegraph.” Office, Sheffield. The Liverpool Public Library. Mr. Edward Lucas, Dronfield. Mr. Henry Leadbeater, Rotherham. Mr. William Leggoe, Moorgate, Rotherham. James Mansergh, Esq., C.E., 3, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, London. Mr. T. E. Morrell, Hellaby Hall, Rotherham. Miss F. E. Micklethwaite, Henley Grove, Masbrough, Rotherham. Dr. Merryweather, 17, Howard Street, Sheffield. Mr. Edward M. Macdougall, I2, Westgate, Rotherham. Mr. William May, High Street, Rotherham. Mr. Charles Mellards, 13, Scrooby Street, Greasbrough. Mr. Alderman J. C. Morgan, The Poplars, Rotherham. Mr. John F. Moss, Ranmoor, Sheffield. Robert Marsh, Esq., Dalton Parva, Rotherham. Mr. Charles H. Moss, Hall Street, Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Henry Macaulay, Rotherham. Masbrough Equitable Pioneer Society, Limited, Station Road, Rotherham. Mr. George Neill, Eastwood House, Rotherham. Beckitt Nicholson, Esq., Wath-upon-Dearne. Mr. Edward Nightingale, Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Joseph Newsum, 2, Lindum Terrace, Rotherham. Mr. George S. Newsum, Rotherham. Rev. George Ohlson, B.A., Grammar School, Rotherham. John Oxley, Esq., Elm Tree Bank, Rotherham. Robert Pashley, Esq., Rotherham. John W. Potter, Esq., High Street, Rotherham. Mr. Clement H. Perrott, Brooklands, Rotherham. Henry Payne, Esq., M.D., Newhill Hall, Rotherham. 2 copies. Messrs. Pawson and Brailsford, High Street, Sheffield. Mr. John Reed, Ash Ville, Clough Road, Masbrough, Rotherham. 2 copies. Rev. John Stacye, M.A., The Lodge, Shrewsbury Hospital, Sheffield. The Sheffield Library. $ttàg criti et 3. Mr. W. G. Sutton, 7, Wellgate, Rotherham. Mr. Charles H. Sutton, 7, Wellgate, Rotherham. Mr. Walter Spencer, Midland Steel Works, Rotherham. Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society. Rev. Scott F. Surtees, The Rectory, Sprotbrough, Doncaster. Mr. Robert H. Skaife, 5, Blenheim Place, Holgate Road, York. Mr. J. Stapylton Smith, Woodbank, Doncaster Road, Rotherham. Mr. Percy Smith, The Cottage, Herringthorpe, Rotherham. Mr. Charles Stanley, Moorgate Grove, Rotherham. John Sykes, Esq., M.D., Doncaster. Mr. Charles Skelton, 19, Victoria Street, Masbrough. Mr. J. H. Sales, Wharncliffe Lodge, Crouch End, London. Mr. Charles L. Stanley, Wath-upon-Dearne. Mr. Thomas Shenton, Highfield, Rotherham. Mr. Charles Story, Park Street, Worksop. Messrs. H. Sotheran and Co., 36, Piccadilly, London. Mr. Joseph Stringer, Nether Haugh, Rotherham. Mr. William Thomas, Eldon Road, Eastwood Vale, Rotherham. Mr. Frederick J. Turner, Mansfield Woodhouse. Mr. Henry Tomlinson, Wickersley Grange, Rotherham. Mr. Abraham Taffinder, 40, High Street, Rotherham. Mr. John Tomlinson, Doncaster. * The Ivanhoe Club, per Mr. John Gibbons, 132, Masbrough Street, Rotherham. Mr. Frank Wever, Sharrow, Sheffield. Mr. George Whitehead, “Advertiser” Office, Rotherham. Mr. George Wragg, Junr., Robin Hood Villas, Masbrough. Mr. William J. Wigfield, Highfield, Rotherham. Bernard Wake, Esq., Abbeyfield, Sheffield. William Wake, Esq., Osgathorpe House, Sheffield. Mr. Henry Wigfield, The Mayor, St. Leonard's, Rotherham. Mr. William Swain Wigfield, 41, High Street, Rotherham. Mr. George Wright, Easthill, Rotherham. - Edward M. E. Welby, Esq., Norton Lees, Sheffield. Mr. John Gray Waterfall, The Grove, Totley, Sheffield. Mr. Robert White, Park Street, Worksop. Mr. F. W. Waide, Moorgate, Rotherham. Mr. Isaac Walker, Rotherham. Rotherham Literary and Scientific Society. F. Parker Rhodes, Esq., Sitwell Hill, Rotherham. Mr. Charles Rhodes, Sitwell Hill, Rotherham. Mr. Thomas Rodgers, High Street, Sheffield. Mr. John Rodgers, Crabtree, Sheffield. Mr. Joseph Rodgers, Crabtree, Sheffield. Mr. William F. Rodgers, Crabtree, Sheffield. Rotherham College Library. (ſunterttg. xi (Jum tentá, Introduction Ancient Rotherham e The Church in Early Times Archbishop Rotherham . º © The Church in Early Times (continued) Early Ecclesiastical Records Early Parish Registers . The Church as a Structure Church Restoration . The Grammar School . º & © e The Court Baron of the Manor of Rotherham e © º e Grants from the Crown and Accounts of the Feoffees of the Common Lands The Feoffees’ Charity School - Overseers of the Poor and Constables Criminal Chronology º º º © Extracts from Sir John Reresby's Memoirs . © º e Nonconformity in Rotherham, by Rev. F. J. Falding, M.A., D.D. The Hollis School º © o o e º © º Old Methodism in Rotherham and the neighbouring Villages . The Walkers e & © & º © cº º G Ebenezer Elliott º -> º º Notable Persons, Places, and Important Events Rotherham under Representative Rule Kimberworth, Greasbrough, Tinsley, &c. e e Roman Rotherham, by John Daniel Leader, Esq., F.S.A. o º Roman Roads in the neighbourhood of Rotherham, by Henry Payne, Esq., M.D., and Mr. John Hugh Burland º -> • • e ge The Geology of the neighbourhood of Rotherham, by Professor Green The Flora of Rotherham . e e cº º e e e 3 pp ent it. Charitable Benefactions Bellamy's Trusts . Aldwark e e Monumental Inscriptions Rotherham Volunteers . º º © Ivanhoe Illustrated, by Dr. Holt Yates . Ivanhoe-Land, being Notes on Men and Books connected with Rotherham, by T. S. B. Eastwood, Esq., M.A. Relics and Records of Men and Manufactures, at OT in the neighbourhood of Rotherham w In Memoriam. PAGE. 17 53 87 I68 172 2 I 2 297 3 I 3 33 I 34.9 363 4. I7 424. 4.38 444 449 469 47 I 485 5O 5 5 I 9 58o 593 613 622 634 638 64o 64. I 643 653 657 677 694 xii #IIttātration 3. 3IIttātrātiſm.5. Rotherham (1831), from a drawing by W. Cowen . e - • The Refectory, Rufford Abbey e - - The Old Tozyº Ha// . e - Portrait of Archbishop Rotherham College of Jesus, Old Italian Doorway Monumental Brass, Bishop Pursglove Our Lady's Chapel on the Bridge Tomb of Archbishop Rotherham The Old Vicarage º • te * > Monumental Brass, Swſfie, Rotherham Church Plan of Pews in Rotherham Church . ſº Plan of Galleries in Rotherham Church - e - Rotherham from the AVorth, from a drawing by W. Cozvez . - Exterior View of Rotherham Church, from a drawing by B. Habershon . Old Fresco in Rotherham Church - e - e º Ground Plan of the Church and Earlier Churche Interior View of Rotherham Church . e - The Old Font, Rožherham Church • Portrait of Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln The Gra/e/ear Schoo/ º tº º The College Inn o º - Plan of Seafs in Masbrough Chapel Rotherham College • e - e • e s The Old Presbyterian Chapel, or Protestant Dissenters' Meeting House Farly Octagon Chapel . -> º e e - Portrait of Samuel Walker º • Sundia/ made by Samuel Walker - e Fac-simile of Samuel Walker's Account of the Progress of the Iron Works PAGE. Frontispiece. 26 I 279 28I 3OO 3 I? 329 33O 337 348 355 466 47O 484 486 487 492 496 5OI 5O2 504 5O5 5O7 5 IO 518 526 54O 564 565 566 579 581 590 592 593 6OO Southwark ſron Bridge; Fac-simile of an Engraving Southwark Bridge . º e e - Portrait of Şoshua Walker . Pedigree of the Walker Family . Mausoleum of the Walker Family Portrait of Æðeneger AE//ioſt * Autograph of Æðeneger Elliott • tº Hargate Hill, the residence of Ebeneger Elliott Windgap Oak . º e © e Moorgate Hall g - º Aotherham Plough Boston Castle g e Rotherham Arms, in Headpiece A/igh Street, Rotherham A’ož/e7%a/z Water Gir/ e º º Chapel of Our Lady on the Bridge, and River Don e Rotherham from Bow Bridge, from a drawing by W. Cowen Camélow Bridge and Mill . e & º e Plan of Templeórough Camp . - Aoman Remains found at 7 empleóroug Map of Roman Æoads; Fac-simile from “Reliquiaº Antigua Eóoracenses” . Geological Sections of the District around Rotherham Aldwarée (17O4) from a M.S. belonging to F. J. Savile Foffami, Esq., M.P. Sketch Map ; /vanhoe Illustrated, by Dr. Holt Yates . - Old Rotherham, Fac-simile from a drawing in the British Museum Rotherham Tokens º - e º º Portrait of Şames Yates . 613 622 64I 658 679 68O 683 HISTORIC NOTICES OF ROTHERHAM. {mtruly tittinn. THOU, first of all my floods, whose banks do bound my south, And offerest up thy stream to mighty Humber's mouth; Of yew and climbing elm that crown'd with many a spray From thy clear fountain first, thro' many a mead dost play, Till ROTHER, whence the name of Rotherham first begun, At that her christened town, doth lose her in my DoN.” DRAYTON's Poſyo/bion. #|HE river Don still ordinarily flows placidly, but alas, not pellucidly # through its ancient channel. Not as of yore, through tracts of dense forests and impassable morasses, where were found a scattered and sparse population, “and not many who are traders nor getting a living, except by agriculture.” Now, its tame or turbid course is through richly cultivated uplands, and valleys where vast manufactories lift aloft their countless tall chimneys, telling with tongues of fire and flame, and too often through clouds and thick darkness, how mighty, and as regards a kingdom's progress, how magnificent a change has been wrought. The Don, or Dune, according to Camden from the British word Danus (a low, deep channel), has, from remotest periods been a boundary stream, and has also been distinguished for the conflicts which have been waged on that portion of its picturesque banks which stretches westwards from the levels beyond Doncaster to the wilder fastnesses beyond Sheffield, to Bradfield and to the Peak. The savage and almost inaccessible forest depths, deep ravines, and ramparts of topling rock of this part of the kingdom were peopled by the restless, hardy, and indomitably brave Brigantes, who, from the beginning and oftentimes, opposed to the invading Roman legions a resistance which tasked their disciplined skill and invincible valour to overcome. If, indeed, it was overcome; for there is good reason to suppose, that neither conflict, nor conciliatory counsels secured positive subjugation or permanent peace. It hardly need be stated that these introductory pages are necessarily a com- pilation. They are intended for such local readers as have not access to the curious narratives and quaint language of the old historians. To these we are I 2 Rotherham. indebted for the laborious researches which have enabled them to marshal before us, as by some weird necromantic spell, the long processions of events and vicissitudes which comprise the history of unsettled and often predatory aborigines, of whom it may be said - . . . . The good old rule Sufficeth them, the simple plan,— That he shall take who hath the power, And he shall keep who can. The Brigantes were undoubtedly “infected with this humour,” as we learn from Camden, who will best introduce them to our notice in this place. After some amusing speculations as to the derivation of the name of the Brigantes, and the characteristics by which they were marked, much more complimentary to their restless bravery than to their respect for the rights of others, he states “ that the Emperor Claudius, was the first of all the Romans, who made an attempt upon our Brigantes and subjected them to the Roman yoke. This may be gathered from these verses of Seneca : - - a e º e * Ille Britanos, Ultra noti littora Ponti & carruleos, Scuta Brigantes, dare Romulaeis colla catenis Jussit, & ipsum nova Romanae jura securis Tremere Oceanum. ‘Twas he whose all-commanding yoke The farthest Britains gladly took; Him the Brigantes in blue arms adored, When the vast Ocean fear'd his power, Restrain’d with laws unknown before, And trembling Neptune serv’d a Roman Lord.” Yet,” he continues, “I have always thought that they were not then con- quered, but surrendered themselves to the Romans, because what he has mentioned in a poetical manner, is not confirmed by historians, for Tacitus tells us, that then Ostorious having new conquests in his eye, was drawn back by some mutinies among the Brigantes; and that after he had put some few to the sword he easily quieted the rest.” Thus much with respect to the men of that period. The greatest lapses of time do not seem to diminish the desire generally felt, to know something of the earliest occupiers of the district of country which we now reside in, under such wonderfully changed conditions. With respect to the climate, Caesar says (vide Camden) “That this country is more temperate than Gaul and the cold less piercing;” Tacitus, “that in this island, there is no extremity of cold. That except the vine, the olive, and some other fruits, peculiar to the hotter climates, it produceth all things else in great plenty: That the fruits of the earth as to their coming up, are forward in Britain, but are very slow in ripening, of both which there is one and the same cause, the excessive moisture of the earth and air.” For indeed our air (as Strabo has observed) is more obnoxious to rain than snow. However, so happy is Britain in a most plentiful product of all sorts of grain that Orpheus hath called it “The very seat of Ceres;” and in ancient times, this was as it were the granary and magazine of the Western Empire. Speed (1627) in his “Portraitures of the Ancient Britaines,” discusses very garrulously “first, their going naked; secondly, their staining and colouring of their whole bodies; and thirdly, their cutting, pinking, and pouncing of their flesh with garnishments (for so they thought them) of sundry shapes and fashions.” It would be useless in this place pursuing Entroduction. - - 3 the curious but interesting examination he enters into of the “reports of authors,” who he says “are very discrepant” on these points; for when Herodian saith, “They neither know the use of garments, nor put any on,” and in another place, “a great part of their body was bare;” or Caesar, that “the Britaines generally used no coverture;” or again, that “these inland men for the most part were clad with skinnes;” there is no doubt but that they speak of different times or of different places, or occasions; as being in their own households, or at war, or engaged in worship, as the case might be. Of their hardihood and endurance Dio gives what may be termed a fabulous description. He records “that all of them had an excellent habit in tolerating hunger, cold, and labours, insomuch as they could endure to abide many days together in the water up to the chin without any food at all, that they would live in the woods on roots and bark of trees, though one kind of food he there mentions unknown in our times, whereof using to take as much as one bean only, they were not subject to hunger or thirst.” No wonder if those who would endure this, could endure the want of garments, especially in a soil whereof we find this eulogy: Nor freezing cold, nor scorching hot thou art, *Twixt both, thou hold'st the mean and pleasing part, The result of a long dissertation on painting or staining their bodies, seems to imply that the plant woad was used for that purpose; as also in ornamenting, or as it would now be called, tattooing their bodies. This seems to have been done at a very early age, and it grew with their growth. Every fanciful device was used, of birds, beasts, fishes, herbs, flowers, sun, moon, stars, and yet it was done with a distinguishing difference. The men, or warriors, the wives, and the maidens, having their respective, and, of course, appropriate patterns and devices. To a certain extent they seem to have had wives in common; the children were fostered and brought up in common amongst them. “ Their buildings” says Caesar, “were many and like those of the Gaules; notwithstanding, they give the names of townes to certain combersome woods, which they have fortified with rampires and ditches, whither they retreat and resort to, to eschew the invasions of their enemies.” “Which,” saith Strabo, “stand them in good stead, for when they have by felling of trees, mounted and fenced therewith a spacious round plot of ground, there they build for themselves houses and cottages, and for their cattle set up folds and stalls, but those for the present use only, and not for long continuance.” They were unsettled, when not predatory. In warfare, they seem to have been formidable foes, even to the all-conquering legions of Rome. “Of their manner of fighting in chariots, Strabo declareth and Diodorus Seculus saith, that the Britaines lived after the manner of the first ages of the world, using chariots in their fight, as the report goes of the ancient Greeks at the Trojan wars. Pomponius Mela affirmeth that their fight was not only with horsemen and footmen, but also with waggons and chariots, harnessed and armed at the axletrees with hooks and sythes, after the manner of the Gaules; but with appearance of greater courage, as Tacitus saith, as being not yet mollified by long peace.” Their horses are described as “little, but swift of pace; their foot- men also run very speedy, but in their standing are the strongest.” “The strength of nature wrought long in the Britaines,” says Plutarch, who reputeth that the people lived one hundred and twenty years: ſor says he, “their cold and frozen country kept in their natural heat,” whose conditions by Diodorus Seculus “are 4. 330th crijam. commended to be plain and upright, farre from the wilinesse and craft of the Romans.” Their “commodities” were very mean; and those which they had were either of brass, or else iron rings fixed at a certain weight. These they used for their moneys; but, as times grew more civil, and traffic more frequent, they shortly afterwards used both silver and gold, stamped with the faces of their kings. Julius Caesar was the first whose face was stamped on the Roman coins. So it would appear that the conquerors in this respect were not much in advance of the conquered. Their Druidical worship has been invested with great mystical obscurity, with imposing and appalling ceremonials, and alleged human sacrifices; yet, it is said “there is no instance of Druidism persecuting or using physical force against any other religion or set of opinions, and that British or Druidic laws have been always regarded as the foundation and bulwark of British liberties.” The landing of Caesar on the coasts of Britain took place fifty- four years before Christ, so that the Romans had held possession of a large part of the kingdom for a long period of years before the Brigantian strongholds were successfully assailed. They had ample warning of the dangers by which they were threatened, and these, as we shall see, had not been unheeded by them. Of the means employed by the Brigantes, to avert the fate, if possible, which had befallen the chief part of the kingdom, the conclusions arrived at by Mr. Samuel Mitchell seem most correctly to depict the exigences under which they were placed, and their formidable preparations to meet them. After describing what he calls a first line of defence extending from Austerfield, through Tickhill, Roche Abbey, Laughten-en-le-Morthen, Todwick, Beighton,” and thence forward into Derbyshire, to Mam Tor, Combe Moss, and by another line to Buxton, he describes: “the second line of defence which our aborigines would select, would be the river Don itself, commencing on the east with the almost impenetrable forest of Hatfield Chase, and terminating westward in the no less inaccessible mountains of the Peak. We must not imagine the appearance of the stream to be now the same as it was two thousand years ago. Part of its course, would, as now, be enclosed by precipitous rocks, as at Sprotbrough, Conis- brough, and some other places. But of the greater part of the valley, we have incontestible evidence that it was a vast swamp, if not bearing the character of a shallow lake; and impassable for carriages, or any armed force, except at one or two particular points. These points would be Doncaster, Conisbrough, with Mexbrough, Aldwark (its name, Oldwork, sufficiently denoting its great anti- quity), and the site of Sheffield Castle. But there is a third, and most important barrier of defence, which displays the great skill and strategetical talent of the warlike Brigantes, more than any other which I can ascribe to that people, which seems to have been constructed on a sudden emergency, and on an occasion of urgent necessity. I allude to the fine camp on the summit of Wincobank, and the fortified earthworks which are connected with it, both eastward and westward. This British fortress occupies the crown of a beautifully wooded hill, about two miles from Sheffield, commanding most extensive views of the country on all sides, * See John Fortescue, Z26 Zaudibus Zegum Anglia, &c. b Mr. John Shortridge supplied the Rev. Dr. Gatty with the following important statement —“In 1847, when I was Contractor for the Railway through Sheffield to Retford, and the branch ſrom Woodhouse Junction to Beighton, my foreman, William Stevens, pointed out to me a certain paved road which I had no doubt was of the Roman period, having seen several of the same character. The road is to be found a few chains to the north side of the Beighton Station, and passes under the embankment at a very oblique angle, about 18 inches below the surface, and was discovered in cutting the side ditches to the said embankment. Hintrolytiction. 5 and being in itself a most prominent object from every quarter. It has evidently been raised by the great throw, or fault, which here occurs in the coal formation. The form of the camp is nearly circular, enclosing with its immense vallum and ditch, with internal covered way, an area of several acres. On the north-west side, where the ground descends very abruptly, the vallum is imperfectly raised. Proceeding from this point to the eastward, runs an immense bank, partly natural, from the coal throw already named, of which the British have taken advantage; and artificial, wherever the works required additional strength. An outward ditch of considerable strength has been excavated on the south side of this immense vallum. The antiquity of this rampart may be partially gathered from its being the boundary of the two parishes of Sheffield and Ecclesfield for about a mile, till it crosses the Black-burn, when it enters the parish of Rotherham. Its course is then prominently visible to Kimberworth, Greasbrough, the Upper Haugh (in Rawmarsh), Swinton Potteries (near to where, and at a point where the Roman road from Ad Fines to Legeolium may have crossed the British fortification, in 1853 a deposit of from 500 to 6oo Roman coins was found), and across the Dearne and Dove Canal, and the Midland Railway, at Mexbrough. There it terminates in some rude earthworks, or loses itself in the marshes, which eighteen hundred years ago would extend thence to the foot of Conisbrough Cliffs.” “These works were no doubt provided for the retreat of the native Brigantes, who were appointed to dispute the fords of Templebrough and Mexbrough, from which they were at last dislodged by the Roman invincibles, the Legio Sexta Vitrix, who for three centuries afterwards had their head-quarters at York. This was the last great contest for their original freedom which the Brigantes attempted.” “The military points occupied by the Romans admit of very brief notice. The station of Danum, the present Doncaster, is too well known to be dwelt upon. The great road called Ermyn Street crosses the Don here, in its northward course to Isurium and Eboracum. A vicinal way doubtless connected it with the station at Templebrough, near Rotherham, to which the name of Morbium has been assigned, though the itinerary of Richard of Cirencester calls it “Ad Fines.’ May it not have been known by both names Morbium being its proper title, its other appellation being suggested by its being on the boundary. The Iknield Street crossed the Don here in its course from Chesterfield (Latudarum) and Castleford (Legeolium). The site of Templebrough having been subject to the plough, perhaps for the last thousand years, very few Roman remains have been lately discovered, though coins are occasionally disinterred, and I have part of a quern, or hand mill, which was turned up a few years ago. A road led to the westward by way of Sheffield into North Derbyshire, known by the name of the “long causey, crossed the gritstone range called Stanedge, terminating at the nameless station of Brough, near Hope.” - Hunter, in his introduction to “South Yorkshire,” has given a very accurate account of the earthworks above referred to, called the Roman Rig, and which had evidently been traced with great care by himself. In 1875, Dr. Henry Payne, of Newhill Hall, and Mr. john Hugh Burland, made a most careful survey of these ancient roads, which will be hereinafter given. “The earthwork at Wincobank is among the wood, and is not to be discovered without a strict search. The carriage road from Brightside to Wincobank village passes at the distance of about 300 yards on the east. It cuts the Roman Rig, 6 330th crijam. which appears to the right, raised high above the heads of the passengers. This is near the summit of the hill. It points directly to the work. Here it appears with a wide huge back, deep sloping banks, to a base which can hardly be less than 120 feet. The slope towards the north is the longest. A footpath is carried along the top. Pursuing the path for about 300 yards, we enter a wood. The ridge may be traced through the wood, but is lost in the meadows between the wood and Black-burn brook. It has evidently disappeared from the labour of agriculture. We recover it again at Meadow Hall; Mr. Fletcher's barns stand upon it. It is here on as wide a base as at Wincobank, but the elevation is not so great. In a field which is separated from the Meadow Hall homestead only by a lane, it is perfectly visible; and here, looking back, we have a fine command of the whole line from Wincobank. It accompanies the horse road from Winco- bank to Hilltop, keeping a little to the left of it, and it is here and there nearly worn down by the plough. It appears evidently a little to the south of Hilltop village, crossing the road called Sope-well lane, which connects that hamlet with Kimberworth. Here it is not called the Roman Rig, but Scotland Balk, and the reason which is given for the name is, that it is a portion of a line which is drawn the whole length of the country to Scotland. Balk, it may be observed, is the generic term for any lengthened line, as a long piece of timber. Near Sope-well lane it is very evident, but I was told that not more than three years before it was more distinct than now. It may be traced pursuing a direct course with few intermissions, for about a mile further, passing a little to the north of the village of Kimberworth, and crossing the road from Rotherham to Wortley near the second milestone. Three cottages, which are known by the name of Barber Balk, stand upon it. Here it is very distinct indeed; a footpath runs along it, and it has been planted with a double row of oaks. Next it enters a plantation belonging to Lord Howard of Effingham, called Hudson Park. Its course between Hudson Park and Greasbrough is effected with some uncertainty, but probably the horse-road by the little village of Whinfield may coincide with it. At Whinfield, I was told that thereabouts it became divided in two branches, one going to Greasbrough, the other in a more northernly direction, near a wall of Earl Fitzwilliam's plantation, from thence to the fish-ponds in the park, where about a hundred yards of it were said to be very distinctly seen; and thence by Hoober, to Wath Wood, Swinton, and Adwick. I was told that thirty years ago it was more conspicuous than at present, for that the good times of the agricul- turists have enabled the farmers to do more for the land; and amongst other improvements, this inconvenient inequality had in many places been reduced. At Greasbrough it is very distinct. It is there called the Balk; it crosses the highroad from Rotherham to Wentworth House; a footpath is carried along it to the head of the mill-dam. It is lost for about 300 yards, but appears again ascending the opposite hill, to Nether Haugh by the sides of Cross lane and Limekiln Close. Between Nether Haugh and Upper Haugh it forms a wide road, still in use. The Methodist Chapel, built in 1817, stands upon it. At Upper Haugh it is lost, but a little portion of it is seen in a field about a quarter of a mile from the village, pursuing the same direction, and called the Roman Bank. It lies on the north side of a small natural valley, the other side being covered with wood. It comes to an abrupt termination in the middle of a large field, about half a mile south of Swinton Pottery. It has evidently been dug away. It was still pointing towards Mexbrough, but the indications of it beyond this point, are to say the £ntrolytiction. 7 least, very indistinct in that direction, but in another line, they are still evident. At Abdy, about a mile and a half from Upper Haugh, the ridge is as evident as in any part of its course. But whether it is connected with the line which we have traced to Upper Haugh, or with the line which at Whinfield was said to take a more northernly direction, is uncertain. One of the two, however, cannot be doubted, since the appearance and the construction are the same. It may be traced descending the hill, leaving Abdy a little to the left, and ascending the opposite hill through a wood. It crosses the road from Wath to Rotherham about four miles from Rotherham, at Shaywell close, where about fifty yards of it are entire. Between this place and Swinton it is scarcely to be seen; but from Swinton to the tunnel of the Dearne and Dove Canal it is very distinct. It lies over the tunnel, and may be seen on the Shaugh where it presents the usual appearance,—a bank covered with furze and broom. Here it divides Swinton and Adwick. It bends round to Mexbrough, and is distinctly visible at a cottage belonging to Mr. joseph Green, near Thief lane. This is about half a mile from Mexbrough. It can be traced no further.” Camden introduces us to Templebrough in his own picturesque style: “From hence (Sheffield) the Dune, under the shade of alder, yew-trees, and others, flows to Rotheram, which glories in having had an Archbishop of York of its own name, viz., Thomas Rotheram, a wise man, who was born here, and proved a great benefactor to this place, having upon a laudable design, founded a College here, with three Schools for instructing boys in Writing, Grammar, and Music; which are now supprest by the wicked avarice of this age.” . “Before the river Don comes to Rotherham, it passes close by a fair Roman fortification called Temple Brough. The north-east corner of it is worn away by the river. The area is about 200 paces long, and 120 broad, besides the Agger; and without it is a very large Trench, 37 paces deep from the middle of the Rampire to the bottom. On the outside of it is another large bench, upon which are huge trees; and upon the side of the bench of the highway there grew a chestnut-tree, that had scarcely any bark upon it, but only some top branches which bore leaves. It was not tall; but the bole could scarcely be fathom'd by three men.” “On the north side of the river, over against Temple-brough, is a high hill, called Winco-bank, from which a large bank is continued without interruption almost five miles, being in one place called Danes-bank. And about a quarter of a mile south from Kemp-bank (over which this Bank runs) there is another Agger, which runs parallel with that from a place called Birch-wood, running towards Mexburgh, and terminating within half a mile of its west end; as Kemp-bank runs by Swinton to Mexbrough more north.” - Camden has been termed “the common sun whereat our modern writers have all lighted their little torches,” and before we leave the remarkable district on which their early illumination fell, we will add another fine contribution from one of them, in a description of the river Don (and tributaries) from Holinshed’s Chronicles, 1577 Edition, but dispensing with his troublesome abbreviations. “The Done therefore ariseth in Yorkshire among the Peke hils (the hills then so described extended beyond Derbyshire), and having received a water coming by Ingbirchworth goeth to Peniston, which is four miles from the bed, then by Oxspring to Thurgoland, and soone after (joining by the way with the Midhope water that runneth by Midhop Chapell and Hondeshelfe) it meeteth with 8 - Rotherham. another coming from Bowsterston Chapell. Then goeth it by Waddesley bridge, and at Alverton receiveth the Bradfelde water. Then passeth it to Crokes, and so to Sheffelde Castell (by east whereof it receiveth a brooke from by the south, that cometh thorowe Sheffelde Park). Then it proceedeth to Westford bridg, Briksie bridg, and south-west of Tinsley receyveth the Cowley stream, that runneth by Ecclesfeld. Next of all it goeth to Rotherham, where it meeteth with ye Rother, a goodly water, whose head is in Darbyshire, about Pilsley, from whence it goeth under the name of Doley, till it come at Rotherham, by North Winfielde Church, Wingerworth, and Firgelande Hall, twelve miles from Rotherham to Chesterforde, where it meeteth with the Iber and Brampton Water, that cometh by Holme hall both in one channel. Then it runneth to Topton Castell, and ere long crossing one water coming from Dronefelde by Whittington on the one side, and the second from about Brim- ington on the other, it goeth thorowe Staley park, and ere long meeteth with the Crawley Becke, whereof I finde this note, the Crawley riseth not far from Hardwige, and going by Stainesby and Woodhouse, it receiveth above Nether- thorpe, one water on the one side coming from the Oldeparke, and another from Barleboroughe hill on the other, that runneth not far from Woodthorpe. After this confluence likewise, they run as one into the Rother, which hasteth from thence to Eckington (there crossing a ryll that runneth by Byrley hill), and so to Kilmarshe, in the confines of Derbyshire, where it taketh in the Gunno, from the east, thence to Boughton, uniting itself thereabout with another by west from Gledles, called Mesebrook, which divideth Yorkshire from Derbyshire, and so runneth to Treton, Whiston, there taking in a ryll from Aston, and so to Rother- ham, where it meeteth with the Donne, and from whence our Donne hasteth to Aldwarke, Swainton, Mexburge, there taking in the Dearne, which I will next describe, and staye with the Donne, until I have finished the same. It ryseth at Combworth, and so cometh about by Bretton hall, to Darton warde, when it crosseth a water that runneth from Gunthwake Hall, by Cawthorne, united of two heads, from hence it goeth to Binton Graunge, then to Drar, when it toucheth wyth a water from south-west, and then goeth to Derfelde and Gould- thorpe, but ere it come to Sprotborowe, it uniteth itself with a fair ryver increased by dyvers waters, before it cometh at ye Donne, and whereinto it falleth, as I here, north-west of Mexburghe. After this confluence lykwyse, the Done goeth by Sprotborowe, to Warmsworthe, Doncaster, Wheatley (there meeting with the Hampsall creek, on the north-east side, which ryseth east of Kyrby), thence to Sandall Kyrke, Sandall, Bramwith Ferry, Stanfud, Fishelake, and soe to Thuorne, or Thurne, where it crosseth the Idle, and finally into Trent, and so into the Humber.” Before leaving this remarkable locality, and what the old writers have to say respecting it, to whose genuine love of their work, and great painstaking in the performance of it, we are so much beholden, we must advert to a singular source from whence to expect any mention of such a place, and the fanciful legends, as we must deem them, connected therewith. In Ray's Proverbs (1678) we find this curious mention: - “When all the world shall be aloft, Then Hallamshire shall be God’s croft, Winkabank and Templebrough, Will buy all England through and through.” Hintrolytiction. - 9 “Winkabank is a wood upon a hill near Sheffield, where there are some remainders of an old camp. Temple-brough stands between the Rother and the Don, about quarter of a mile from the place where these two rivers meet. It is a square plot of ground, encompassed by two trenches. Selden often enquired for the ruins of a temple of the God Thor, which he said was near Rotherham. This probably might be it, if we allow the name for any argument; besides, there is a pool not far from it called Jordan-dam, which name seems to be compounded of Jor, one of the names of the God Thor, and Don, the name of the river.” - - Mr. Eastwood, in his excellent “History of Ecclesfield,” seems undecided whether Wincobank was a British or Roman fastness. He inclines, however, to the opinion that its proximity to Templebrough points to a Roman origin—and adds, moreover, as a reason, that so lately as September, 1860, a vase was dug up in a brickfield, near Sheffield, about a mile from Wincobank, which contained upwards of one hundred silver denarii of various dates and reigns, ranging from Vespasian (A.D. 69–79) to Commodus (A.D. 180-193). There would not seem to be much force in this, inasmuch as the Brigantes were ultimately driven out of this fastness and the connected fastness at Bailey-hill, and these would, no doubt, be afterwards occupied by Roman cohorts during their possession of the kingdom, and the finding of the vase in that locality would be thus accounted for. As further relating to Templebrough, Hunter says, “About 300 yards to the westward of this camp, still higher up the river, is another earth-work, which has not, I believe, been before noticed. It is probably only a fragment of some larger work, the lines of which have been obliterated by the plough. The form bespeaks it to be the work of a civilized nation, and the Roman indicia, which are from time to time discovered, leave no doubt but that it was the work of that people. Pieces of Roman brick and pottery are found; and coins are sometimes discovered, of which the most remarkable that I have heard, is an aureus of Vespasian, and which came into the possession of Mr. Pearson, formerly an eminent surgeon at Rotherham.” The usually accurate Horsley has fixed upon Templebrough as the site of the Morbium of the “Notitia Imperii,” and it is mentioned as the station of the Cataphractrarian horse, and the Roman Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester, has a station called Ad Fines, which, from its signification and position, is supposed to indicate Rotherham, yet Rotherham bears no resemblance to a town of Roman origin, and there is little likelihood of its having been once situated nearer Templebrough. - Dr. Aveling, in his valuable “History of Roche Abbey,” states that Temple- brough “came into the hands of the monks of Roche in the time of Henry III. [1216–1272]. Mr. Hunter,” he says, “found among the Johnston MSS. a charter, by which Ralph, son of Richard de Savile, gave with his body to the Abbot of Roche, a carucate of land in Brindsworth, which Peveril held, and Templebrough in the territory of Brindsworth. Witness, Peter de Wadworth.” “Twenty years after the dissolution the property which the monks had held here is described in an inquisition of Lionel Reresby, Esq., of Thriberg [1559], as “two mills and twenty acres of pasture called Templebarrow, with appurtenances in Ikkyls, held of the Queen, as of her monastery of Roche lately dissolved, in Socage, by fealty and rent of 13s. 4d. for all services and demands.” 2 IO - 330th crijam. Wainwright" has, with great industry, care, and acuteness, examined and compared the conflicting views of the various eminent writers, who have treated on the boundaries which subdivided the several provinces of the early Britons. He has also ably discussed the vexed questions of the direction of the military roads constructed by them and their Roman conquerors; and has at the same time, by his local knowledge and personal examination of them, been able to controvert many of the conclusions at which earlier writers had arrived. It was intended that readers desiring further information on these points should be referred to this valued volume, but recent discoveries incident on the explo- rations undertaken at Templebrough have invested these questions with so much present importance, and excited so much not only local, but it may be said national, interest, as to make it desirable that a much further use should be made of it in this place; especially as the volume is now in so few hands, and is consequently difficult of access. - “The Roman rampart that traverses the upper division, cannot be so easily and correctly identified; although it is manifest that one of no ordinary consequence pervades that portion of our district. “In the eighteenth Iter of Richard of Cirencester, a way is laid down, which passes through the centre of the island. It commences at Eboracum, and termi- nates at Clausentum, or Bittern, near Southampton, according to Hatcher, or at Southampton city, according to Dr. Stukeley. “By the monk of Cirencester, this way is called Rykneld-street; and Drayton, in his ‘Polyolbion, thus notices it: ‘And Rickneld, forth that raught from Cambria's farther shore, Where South-Wales now shoots forth St. David's promontore, And on his mid-way neere, did me in England meet; Then in his oblique course, the lusty straggling street Soon overtook the Fosse, and toward the fall of Tine, Into the Germane Sea, desolv’d at his decline.” “At what particular place it first connects itself with our district, we have not yet been able satisfactorily to ascertain; and whether it were in the immediate vicinity of Great Houghton, or more east, we must leave undecided. From Legiolium to Ad Fines, the distance marked in the Itinerary is xviii. m. p.; hence we should conceive, that the line, which that way described, must have been tolerably straight. The corrected number is by Hatcher made xxiii. m. p.; but even that amount would scarcely reach Templebrough, unless its course were nearly direct. After its departure from Ad Fines, it most probably forded the Don, and is lost in the soft tract of land in the vicinity of Masbrough. Leaving Kimberworth to the left, and passing a little north-west of Greasbrooke, it traversed a portion of the park belonging to our venerable neighbour, the Earl Fitzwilliam. At Wood-nook, its remains are yet visible; where, leaving the bank which connects the encampment at Wincobank with Conisbrough and Doncaster, it probably approached the village of Wath, and there crossed the Dearne, reaching speedily afterwards the confines of our district, between Great Houghton and Hickleton. * “An Historical and Topographical Introduction to a Knowledge of the Ancient State of the Wapentake of Strafford and Tickhill.” By John Wainwright. Sheffield, 1829. * Drayton's “Polyolbion,” p. 248, Selden's ed. Hintrolytt.ction. I I “On the map accompanying Hatcher's edition of Richard, we have another Roman way depicted, which describes a course somewhat westwardly of the one we have just noticed. This way, it would seem, takes its rise at Ad Fines, and runs parallel with this portion of the Rykneld-street; but instead of connecting itself with the Watling-street, by way of Legiolium, it crosses it near Leeds, and joins it at Isurium. This road, it is probable, left the Rykneld at Wood-nook, and passing the small village of Le Street, above Wentworth, where some few remains yet exist, left the wapentake west of Great Houghton, and after visiting Sandal, Wakefield, &c., it skirted the town of Leeds, near Berwick-in-Elmet, where its crest was observed by Thoresby, on which he travelled three hundred paces, but was prevented from following it further by the obstructions he met with in the wood. - - “The grand and imposing ridge which takes its rise at Wincobank, is not, we conceive, of Roman origin; although, in some of its features, it greatly resembles the ways of that renowned people. British track-ways were generally of a winding character. Towering hills or basin-like valleys were never crossed by them, if avoidable; unless it were to approach some fastness. After leaving Wincobank, it passes Meadow-hall and Kimberworth ; and after serving as a basis for the Rykneld, for the distance of three or four miles, it veers eastward, and visits Abdy, Swinton, and Mexbrough. Here again, however, it is lost, having sunk, it is probable, below the surface of that marshy piece of ground, called Mexbrough Ings. Whether it here forded the Don at Strafford-sands, and visited Conisbrough, a famous British place, or passed to Doncaster, equally renowned in British annals, by way of Cadeby and Sprotbrough, we know not. Several of its vestiges are said to have been found in the vicinity of the latter place; and the former has in the composition of the appellative portion of its name something extremely ominous. In a recent survey, however, we were totally unable to identify anything wearing that aspect, in the neighbourhood of either of the above places. The spirit of improvement lately manifested by the agriculturists has been fatally destructive to antiquated earth-works; and the recent alterations in the vicinity of Sprotbrough, effected by Sir Joseph Copley, are of a kind the least calculated to preserve the remains of our enterprising ancestors. “After departing from the vicinity of Greasbrooke, where Dr. Stukeley fixes the Ad Fines of Richard's eighteenth Iter, but which, as we have already remarked, he might with more propriety have carried forwards to Templebrough, on the southern bank of the Don, and near to the confluence of the Rother with the former stream, it reaches Templebrough, where its course seems to be nearly obliterated. Prior to the enclosure, some portion of it was cognizable on Brinsworth common and Birley moor, where it passed some entrenchments now almost destroyed. It is traditionally reported to have had its direction through Tinsley park; this, however, we have not been able satisfactorily to learn; but on the contrary, from a minute and attentive inspection of that woody district, we have reason to believe, that it never came in contact with its present limits, but kept, as is usual with the ways of that people, the higher ground, and left the wapentake between Handsworth and Treeton; when, after passing through an enclosure called Street-field, in the parish of Beighton, it reached, speedily afterwards, , or Tapton-hill, near Chesterfield, in the county of Derby. I 2 13 otherham. “The editors of the old ‘Magna Britannia’seem to have been rather wide of the fact, when they bring this way over the Don at Strafford-sands; and were most evidently totally unacquainted with the local topography of the neighbourhood. A course so zigzag does not occur in Britain. These gentlemen allow that its remains are met with on Hoober common; and admit also that it visited Templebrough; and yet they would carry it across the Don at the village of Conisbrough; a supposition so fraught with improbabilities, that any attempt to refute it would be a waste of time, and an insult to the understanding of the most indifferent observer. Ralph Higden says, “Rekenildstreate tendens ab Aphrico in boream Vulturnalem, et incipit a Menevia praedicta, tenditgue per Wigorniam, per Wicombe, per Birmingham, Lichefeld, Darbe, Chesterfeld, Eboracum, usque ad ostium Tinae flu.” . “From the Rykneld-street, it is reasonable to suppose that a number of branch- ways would diverge. The rich district north of that road would not fail to demand the attention of the Romans; and their avarice and necessities would prompt them to delve into the bowels of the earth, in search of the minerals with which the whole neighbourhood abounded. Iron, one of the most useful productions of the mineralogical kingdom, met the eye in almost every direction; and bloomeries, unquestionably Roman, are dispersed far and wide, covering a vast space of this mountainous country. In the neighbourhood of Sheffield, as well as in other parts of this vast county, cinder-hills, or the refuse of the process of smelting, are seen in every direction. In the Park of Sheffield, for ages the noble residence of the Shrewsburys; in Tinsley-park; on the banks of the Don, in the vicinity of Brightside; in the Ponds, and in various other places, vast mounds and extended plains, thickly covered by a rich and fertile soil, wherein the roots of the sturdy oak have luxuriated for ages, prove, not only that the process of smelting must have been the principal occupation of our ancient ‘Sheffielders, but that the bloomeries themselves were formed at an era long ere the conquest by our first William. Mr. Lh/wyd, when explaining the inscription of Jupiter Dolychenus, denominates those in Monmouthshire, Roman iron mines, and says, that the remains were in his time resmelted by the artificers of Birmingham, for the purpose of making the plates of fine locks. Yarrington also, in his production intituled “England's Improvement by Sea and Land,’ published in 1677, calls those heaps of scoria, Roman cinders." In a discourse on some antiquities found in Yorkshire, published by Hearne, it likewise appears, that on the removal of a heap of cinders near Bradford, in the west-riding of this county, a quantity of Roman coins were found underneath." They were those of Constantine, Constantius, Diocletian, and of the usurper Carausius.” “The Itinerary of Antoninus makes no mention whatever, of either the Rykneld-street, or several of the stations which lie on its crest. But Temple- brough is recorded in the “Notitia, under the name of Morbium; and the invaluable Itinerary of Richard enables us to identify most of the military posts that repose on it. At it was stationed a prefect of the cuirassiers, who, like the one at Danum, was under the command of the Dux Britanniarum. Mr. Camden, as well as Mr. Baxter, supposes, that the Morbium of the ‘Imperial Notitia’ was Moresby; but Mr. Horsley has judiciously brought it hither, and thinks that it * Vid. Lelandi Colli. tom. ii. p. 37o. * Letters from the Bodleian Lib, vol. i. p. 186. . * Leland’s Itinerary, vol. ii. p. 144. - Hintrolytiction. I 3 agrees much better with the romanized state of the district, and its local connection with the preceding and succeeding stations.” “At what period of time these earth-works were first constructed, is now, perhaps, without the circle of solution; but they are manifestly of very early origin. On the retreat of the native Brigantes before the conquering arms of the Romans, stations and military establishments were formed, as occasion might require, or convenience suit; not only for the purpose of giving facility and dispatch to transition, and to ensure a regular communication; but to operate as a constant check upon the daring and intrepid spirit of our British ancestors, who disputed with gallant and becoming, but fruitless bravery, the hostile march of their inveterate foe. The vicinity of that vast wild, north and north-west of this station, exhibits in its present aspect some grand remains of an important fastness, and perfectly accords with the habits and propensities of our British aborigines. Numerous vestiges are in being, and many have undoubtedly become victims to time, to folly, and to the progressive pursuits of the husbandman. Under these considerations, we would infer, that the station of Ad Fines on the Don might first be formed, and afterwards maintained, for the purpose of covering the march and remarch of the Roman troops, as well as to secure the tranquility of such portions of the country as they had subdued by the valour of their invincible legions; while those at Doncaster and Austerfield were constructed for a similar purpose; the latter of which would become useless, and consequently deserted, on the annihilation of the Coritanian wood, that skirted the confines of the Brigantian province. “That these suggestions, relative to the entrenchments are more than probable, is deducible from the existence of a British encampment on the north of the Don, at the distance of about two miles from the former place. This retreat of the aborigines is seated upon one of the most elevated hills in the neighbourhood. The remain is tolerably perfect, and in strict conformity with British policy; but it cannot be considered in any other light than as an inferior post, calculated to defend a detachment from the main body, which would of necessity be concen- trated in the fastnesses in the vicinity of Bradfield, Broomhead-hall, &c., where a number of stupendous earthworks still remain. The camp at Wincobank is pre-eminently calculated for a post of observation. The apex, on which it is situated, is formed by a bold but gradual swell of the earth; reaching an altitude that overtops the circumjacent country, and commanding a prospect at once grand and extensive. Here they might exercise their religious rites, become expert in arms by a regular system of discipline, and watch the manoeuvres of their enemies, without fear of surprise; while their comrades, the Britons, reposed in quiet amidst the rocks and caves of the woody country more west.” - These perhaps somewhat lengthy extracts comprise most of what Wainwright says relating to this important subject, and his statements may be accepted as accurate, and his opinions at that period, as sound. - * “Sub dispositione viri spectabilis ducis Britanniarum, Praefectus legionis sextae. Praefectus equitum Dalmatarum Praesidio. Praefectus equitum Crispianorum Dano. Praefectus equitum Cataphractariorum Morbio. Praefectus numeri Barcariorum Trigisiensium Arbeia. Praefectus numeri Nerviorum Dictensium Dicti. Praeſectus numeri Vigilum Concangio. Praefectus numeri exploratorum Lavatris, &c.” “Vid. Pancerolus' ed. Sec. lxiii. The above transcript from that curiously valuable work is as far as refers to this part of the country.” - I4. 330th crijam. The contour of the hilly region where the Don takes its rise, and of the country through which it flows, comprises as remarkable a variety of scenery as could be well found in so comparatively a limited course. From its source on the side of the lofty eminence Snailsden on the Yorkshire Moors, and in conjunction with the Ouse, it is in a direct line, about forty miles; whilst the sinuous length is some seventy miles. Perhaps a greater contrast can hardly exist than that presented betwixt the upper and lower aspects of the country through which in turn the river gives romantic beauty or imparts richest fertility. Leaving the purple bloom of the vast moorland slopes, and, gathering sparkling tributary rills from every green ravine, it reaches level meadows, and thence “ diaphanous because it travels slowly” it pursues its quieter course under the vast wooded precipices of Wharncliffe. Where Don's dark waters bathe the rugged feet Of billowy mountains—silent, motionless, As if the Almighty's hand had still'd and fix’d The waves of chaos, in their wildest swell. Elliott. And where again in the words of its grand local laureate, still arresting the eye, Grey Wharncliffe's rocks remain, still to outlive Myriad successions of the autumnal leaf. - Elliott. And so onward through its deep channel, girded, on the one hand, by lofty over- hanging birchen woods, and, on the other, garnished by green pastoral vales, rounding up into horizon-bounded slopes, it reaches Sheffield. From thence skirting eastward, the late loved and lauded, but now no longer wooded green hill side of the old park, it comes to - Where Wincobank is waving all his trees O'er subject towns, and farms, and villages, And gleaming streams, and woods, and waterfalls. Elliott. Where, on the one hand, the stern and hardy Brigantian warriors threw up their rude defences, and celebrated their Druidical worship, and where a little lower, on the other hand, the mailed cohorts of Rome thronged the fortified camp of Templebrough, and so flows this river Don to its confluence with its sister stream, the Rother, thence unitedly passing the old collegiate town named after the lesser stream, Rotherham. - And, still flowing, but not unobstructedly, onwards between banks whereon Norman strongholds and ancient family mansions once stood, and where the dark, dominating keep of the Castle of Conisbrough still bids defiance alike to the assaults of wintry tempests and the Sapping touch of time, and still on amidst green hazel copse and grey-rugged rock, and richest meadow verdure to where the grand old river crowns with its own noted name the undoubted Danum of the conquerors of the world. * & º ſº tº Rock, vale, and wood, Haunts of his early days, and still lov’d well, And where the sun o'er purple moorlands wild Gilds Wharncliffe's oaks, while Don is dark below, And where the black-bird sings on Rother's side, And where Time spares the age of Conisbro'. Elliott. This description of the country, and the condition of the inhabitants at the earliest periods of our national history, as far as relates to this immediate district, has been traced, perhaps somewhat diffusely, from an impression that a desire Hintrºlytictiºn, - I5 prevails among people generally to have some information of the progenitors from whom they have sprung, and of the rude materials from which the highest civilization has been gradually attained. - It will only be necessary now, passing by the periods which were rendered hideous by the incursions of the Picts and Scots, very briefly to refer to the period when Vortigern, in order to confirm his own government and recover the sinking State abandoned by the Romans, who had to a great extent drained the kingdom of the flower of its native protectors, by the frequent levies made to fill up the Roman ranks, invited the Saxons from Germany to his relief. This, under Hengest and Horsa, was accomplished so successfully—nay effectually, as in a comparatively short time to relieve Vortigern of his government and the Britons of the best part of the island. “They liked the land, the customs, and the plenty of Britaine,” and fresh supplies continually arriving from Germany, and having nothing to dread from the weakened state of the inhabitants, they gradually dispossessed the people they came professedly to help. But notwithstanding all this, it is related by Speed that, “led by Aurelius Claudius, who had retired during the tyranny of Vortigern, the Britains took heart, and gave battle to the Saxons on the north of the Humber, at a place called Maesbell, wherein Hengest was discomfitted, and in flight taken by the Earl of Glocester, and beheaded at Conningsborow, saith he of Monmouth, ‘Howbeit Matthew of Westminster maketh him fight another battle on the River Dun.’” - - After the Saxons had fixed themselves in Britain they divided it into seven kingdoms, and made it an Heptarchy, but with one more powerful than the rest, so that there always seems to have been a sort of Monarchy in these several kingdoms; this district became part of Northumbria. Of the characteristics of the Saxons it will be sufficient to say that they were strangely idolatrous and superstitious, the names of our days of the week reflect the names of their principal gods and goddesses. These Pagan errors and idolatries at length yielded to the omnipotence of Christian truth as is recorded in the year of our Lord 590. We cannot better conclude this introduction than by an extract from “Waifs and Strays of North-Humber History,” by the Rev. Scott F. Surtees, Rector of Sprotbrough, our own learned neighbour, and (although not unimpeached) as we believe, our trustworthy authority as regards the ancient occupation of the Valley of the Don, and the memorable and momentous dynastic events of which he zealously and learnedly maintains it to have been the scene. But it must be stated, nevertheless, that in early annals they are laid in different and far-away places. He says, “That this district was a favourite and an early settlement of the Saxons, the large number of ‘vills’ and “burghs’ and ‘worths' and ‘tuns’ and ‘thorps’ and churches, as well as the large number of acres under cultivation, in Domesday Book, clearly testify. That here the Anglo-Danish element had its strength, the extermination of the population, and the laying waste of the district, by the policy of the Conqueror, as well as the removal of the bishopric by the Norman Remigius, is plainly evident. The whole ownership again changed hands, save in a few special cases, and other lords succeeded to the “escarted” lands of the Saxon thanes. But although the ownership passed away to William's Norman followers, the lands and villages and burghs and towns retained their pristine names; and although the accounts of themselves and their deeds, and the character of their times have come down to us through unfriendly channels, yet the good deeds they I6 330th crijam. did live after them, and the churches they founded, and the endowments by which they provided for the religious instruction of themselves and their dependents, by a dedication of a tenth of their all to God, an act of such lofty self-sacrifice, which was not equalled then, and has not yet been surpassed, should lead us to have kindlier thoughts of themselves and of their day, and to recollect how much we owe of our present polity and our present free institutions in Church and State, not to the Britons, not to the Romans, not to the Danes, not to the Normans, but to the times when we were ruled by the descendants of the Saxon strangers; and that to the advent of Hengest and his followers in those “ceols' and his subjugation of the Britons of that day, and the establishment of Saxon supremacy and Saxon institutions, we owe that respect for law and justice, and that “husting’ or ‘witanagemot’ that love of home and freedom (plain honest Saxon words) which is to the Anglo-Saxon everywhere the distinctive mark of his race, the leading trait in his character, and the talisman of his success.” “In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster. The remains of this extensive wood are still to be seen at the noble Seats of Wentworth, of Wharncliffe Park, and around Rotherham.” IVANHoE. E|OWEVER Rotherham might boast of its surrounding pomp of £| woods, its broad bright river, or even of its early Church, its state and condition as revealed in the grim, ungracious return of Domesday Book was as fallen and forlorn as could be well recorded. The entry concerning it is here given verbatim from the great record:— tº- th - % In Ropreian fib Acun...mane dev.carucat L-52 q 'aº * * h º ºf 6 & 8 & Mºrº !) ad gld, ubi poſs. ee. III.caf. Nigel hi ibi in drio. I cat. tº * # •y o tº 7 VIII.uitt 7 III bord hites. II, car 7 dimić.7 I. mold º - & º fº º * & x. ſolido; Pºr 7 accla. Pi.1111.a4-Silua past. vii.ač. * 7 – h ... h . * 9 S-se Tof .x.guar Ig,7 v.guar 7 diſh lat.T.R.E.uat. III.iit. th. xxx. ſof. which may be thus rendered:—“In Rotherham Acun had (in the Saxon times) one manor, of five carucates, which were taxable, where there may be (now) three ploughs. Nigel (Fossard) has there in demesne one carucate, and eight villeins, and three borders having two ploughs and a half; and one mill of ten shillings. There is a priest and a church, four acres of meadow, pasture woods" * “Silva past.” In deference to the constantly received rendering of these words, they are here translated “pasture wood.” This, however, does not give a true representation of their import, as they relate mainly, if not exclusively, to the feeding, not of cattle or sheep upon the herbage within the wood, but of Swine on the acorns and mast of the oak and beech trees for which woods were chiefly valued in those days. Hence the analogous entries in some parts of the country, appear under the form of “silva ce. porcorum,” “silva mil-porc,” “a wood of so many swine.” The words would therefore be more correctly rendered “pannage woods.” I 8 330th crijam. of seven acres. The whole (manor) ten quarentens in length, and five quarentens and a half in breadth. The value in King Edward the Confessor's time was four pounds, now is thirty shillings.” We cannot ascribe to natural causes the vast diminution in value which had taken place betwixt the periods named, say from forty to fifty years—and, although it is disputed, it is most probable that this vast difference in the respective valors was the result of those ferocious ravages inflicted by the Conqueror with such merciless and indiscriminate vengeance on districts which had risen against his rule. And so those places, which in the sunny and serene days of Edward, had been populous and prosperous were now comparatively desolated and de-populated. In this case the Conqueror had dispossessed Acun, the Saxon thane, and given his Manor of Rodreham, with others, to the Earl of Mortain, his half brother in blood. The Earl of Mortain, it would seem, had before sub-infeuded Nigel Fossard, who had also that portion of the Mortain fee in the neighbourhood of Doncaster, and there he and his descendants maintained their feudal superiority for several centuries, but granted out Rotherham as a separate and somewhat distant member of their fee to a race of sub-infeudatories. t Such was Rotherham at the end of the eleventh century. It must therefore for the present be content to have set out in life, a small but very beautiful Saxon Manor, with the highly-prized privilege of a Church and priest, and mill— pannage for the swine of the manor in its forest depths, and meadow lands on the margin of its broad, bright river—but over which the simoon of a vengeful king's wrath has just witheringly swept—and it is now in the hands of an alien lord who has, as above stated, granted out its deteriorated holdings to different and diminished holders. This, Hunter thinks, was probably done by Nigel himself. “We have,” he says, “rarely any documentary evidence which goes directly to the proof of transactions such as this, in the period when property began to assume the form which it so long has borne; but in the present instance we have a charter of King Henry I., which recognizes this transaction between the chief lord and his sub-infeudatory: for Eustace Fitz-John received from that king a declaratory or confirmatory charter of all his lands, in which are named those which he held of the fee of William Fossard. In conformity with this, in the ‘Testa de Nevill,’ we find William de Vesci, a descendant of Eustace, holding one knight's fee in Rotherham of Peter de Mauley.” This statement admits of question, as will be seen. There is, indeed, but one reference in which we are locally interested in the following abstract of the charter above referred to. The abstract is given as showing that what at this day appears as almost unbounded benevolence in the vast grants made to religious houses by the lords of manors of that period, as of Rotherham to Rufford; yet that in most instances such grants were made out of such much vaster possessions, that so small a revenue as that * The fullest information and the greatest possible exactness seems to have been secured, as appears from Sir H. B//is’s “Introduction to Domesday,” I. p. 21 : - “The Inquisitors [or Commissioners] it appears, upon the oaths of the Sheriffs, the lords of each manor, the presbyters of every church, the reves of every hundred, the bailiffs and six villans of every village, were to enquire into the name of the place, who held it in the time of King Edward, who was the present possessor, how many hides in the manor, how many carucates in demesne, how many homagers, how many villans, how many cotarii, how many servi, how many tenants in socage, what quantity of wood, how much meadow and pasture, what mills and fish-ponds, how much added or taken away, what the gross value in King Edward’s time, what the present value, and how much each free-man or soch had or has. All this was to be triply estimated: first as the estate was held in the time of the Confessor; then as it was bestowed by King William ; and thirdly, as its value stood at the formation of the survey.” b “South Yorkshire,” Vol. 2., p. 3. 3 m tient 33 oth crijam. I9 derived from a single manor would be scarcely felt, whilst presumably securing to the grantor “the salvation of his soul,” and that of those of his house. The charter given by Henry I. to Eustace Fitz-John is an instance of this. Hunter says that this “Eustace, son of John with the one eye, as he is called, was amongst the most considerable persons of his time. His contemporary, Ailred of Rivaulx, as we learn from Dugdale, saith of him that he was one of the chiefest peers of England, and of intimate familiarity with Henry I., as also a person of great wisdom, and singular judgment in counsel. He had to wife two of the richest heiresses of his time, namely Beatrix, the daughter and heir of Ivo de Vesci, by Alda, the daughter and heir of William, son of Gilbert Tyson; and Agnes, the daughter and heir of William Fitz-Nigel, baron of Halton and constable of Chester. He had sons by both ; by the first, William, who appears with the addition of de Vesci; and by the second, Richard, commonly called Fitz-Eustace, who married Albreda de Lizours, whose issue were eventually heirs to the two great houses of Laci and Lizours. Eustace was slain in the wars in Wales, with this honourable character, says Dugdale, ‘that he was a great and aged man, and of the chiefest English peers, most eminent for his wealth and wisdom.’” - - - Rotherham passed to the issue of the first marriage. William died in 1185, leaving Eustace, who had suits with Tilli, Eustace de Vesci, left William his son, and heir, who had John and William de Vesci. John de Vesci gave all he possessed at Rotherham to the Monks of Rufford. The following is what Dugdale gives, and is only referred to by Hunter, as to the possessions of Eustace Fitz-John (who was son of John de Burgh, and married first, Alda, the heiress of the Vesci family, and second, Agnes, daughter of William Fitz-Nigel. From his first marriage sprang the Laci family, from his second the Vesci family.) But Dugdale does not say that Eustace received a confirmatory charter from Henry I.," he simply gives what follows:— - 3lbstract of Charter, i.enry 1, to ºustate fit;23 offm." He had vast possessions bestowed on him by that King [Henry I.], viz., the mill at Warnet ; also Bodele and Spilsham, with their appurtenances; and all the fee of Ralph de Gaugi, i.e., Ellingham, Docford, Elwike, and Heyton ; likewise Neeforton with its appurte- nances; and Morton and Burgton, with theirs (which did belong to Walter Fitz-Eld and Eylam his brother), together with Winton, Caldebeck, and Ravenstandale; and all the fee and service of Payne de Mesnilwarine. Moreover, all those eleven carucates of land, and the service of Serlo de Burgh, viz., in the two Steinleys four carucates, in Branton four, in Cayton one, in Sothsack one, in Killinghale one, in Burton six, and in Walington two. Likewise divers lands and tenements in the City of York; and whatsoever he held of David, King of Scotland, or of Earl Henry, his son, as well in demesn, as in knights’ fees. Also what he held of the Archbishop of York, and of his fee, as well in demesn, as in knights’ fees. Furthermore, all that he held of the fee of the Bishop of Duresm, viz., Weltesale and Landmot, with the two Chiltons, and the fee and service of Geffrey Escoland and Richard Fitz-Pain; with whatsoever else he held of the same bishop, and of the fee of the Earl of Richmond. - - Likewise Ellerton, and all the fee and service of Thorfine, the son of Robert de Mane- field. Also Canefield, with the appurtenances; and whatever else he held of that earl’s fee. * “South Yorkshire," Vol. 2., p 3. * “Baronage,” Vol. 1, p. 91, 1675. - \ • From a Chartulary in the possession of Sir C. Fairfax, of Menstan, co. York, f. I 14". 2O - 330th crijam. Moreover, all that he held of the fee of Roger de Moubray as well in demesn, as otherwise; and also of William Fossard, and of his fee; of William Paganel, and his fee; and of the Earl of Albemarle and his, viz., in Nid, three carucates, in Newton one, in Hewike two, and in Westwike four. Likewise, whatsoever he held of the fee of Roger de Clere, viz., Brompton, with its appurtenances; and of the fee of Gilbert de Gant, viz., Parteney, with its appurtenances; as also of the fee of the Abbess of Barking, and Earl of Chester. Whatsoever likewise he held in Heungeby, with all the fee and service of Henry de Campain, of Catenay, and lastly, the whole fee and service of William de Saillay. Several documents next follow which relate to transactions respecting the early Church before it came into the hands of the abbot and monks of Rufford. extracts from the 3rchbishops' ſiegisters, pork. Inquisition made upon the half of Roderham Church.” sº To the venerable father in Christ, Walter, &c., the official of the Archdeacon of York, greeting. Lately, by your command, an Inquisition being published in full synod of York was diligently made as to the half of the Church of Roderham, and John of Selston, chaplain, being presented to the same by the noble woman, lady Agnes de Vescy, it was found by the inquisitors, saying, That they do not know whether the said half is vacant or not; and that the lord J. de Vescy is the real patron of the said half, and the said lady Agnes de Vescy has not the right of presentation unless the said lord J. de Vescy, her son, may have granted it to her, of which the inquisitors are wholly ignorant. It is not subject to a lawsuit nor to a pension, and it is worth yearly thirty marks. Concerning the customs of the presenting, and the ordinances of it, faithful testimony is debarred. Given [at Suwell, on the 2nd kalends of October] in the year of our Lord 1270. Resignation of the half of Roderham Church." To the venerable father in Christ, lord John, by the grace of God, Archbishop of York, primate of England, may it please him, his humble son, Peter de Augusta, Archdeacon of Lyons, and rector of half the Church of Roderham in your diocese, in devoted spirit of obedience with greeting. Whereas the cure of the said half of Roderham Church was lately committed [to him], and he was instituted canonical pastor in the same church to guard the sheep of Christ in the parish of Roderham redeemed by His precious blood that they should not be deceived by the wiles of the devil, and to be answerable for them in the presence of God, and because of another cure of souls at the same time, which at present I am getting, I shall not be able to care for the said sheep nor help them in their necessities, going in person to those parts, albeit by the Holy Scriptures it is commanded that the pastor should diligently know the face of his flock; in order that their blood be not required from me at the day of judgment, not wishing or affecting longer to retain that cure of Souls in the said Church of Roderham, I resign the same into your holy hands, and renounce all my rights in the same by the tenor of these presents for ever. In witness whereof I place my seal to these presents. Given at Lyons 28th Sept., 1287. The above striking document exhibits the true and tender interest which influenced the holders of the pastoral office in those primitive and purer periods of the Church, and is a faithful depiction of its duties. - Institution of Vicar to half of Rotherham.” Eustace de Roderham, priest, is instituted, on the presentation of the Abbot of Rufford (perpetual procurator of the religious men of the Abbey and Convent of Clairvaux by the licence of Pope Nicholas IV.) Dated Thorpe, 16th June, 1290. [Abstract.] * Walter Gifford's Register, Book II., fo. I 5". * Archbishop John de Romaine's Register, Book IV., fo. 14. • Ibid, fo. 18. 3 m cient 33 otherijam. 2. I The union of the Vicarage and the Rectory of the half of Rotherham Church." To all the faithful in Christ who may see these present letters, John de Crancumbe, Archdeacon of the East-riding, acting as vicar-general of the ven. father in God, John, by grace of God, Archbp. of York, primate of England [now] out of the kingdom, greeting in the Author of health. We weigh with mindful thought that it is known to be provided in the institutions of the holy fathers, that he who holds a parish church not by a vicar but himself ought to serve it in the order which that church requires [according to the require- ments of the church]. Therefore, lest under the cloak of pretence the path of right is strayed from, also especially weighing in the balance of our consideration that the transgression of the canon entangles culprits, wishing to guard against this, and desiring to acquiesce in the law, impelled by the duty of the office of ordinary, albeit by the test of deliberation, where justice would not recognize the trying an injury or offence at law, We have thought good to annex, and to reduce to the unity of one benefice, the portion of the vicarage of half the Church of Roderham—from which vicarage, Rayner, formerly vicar there, was removed by sentence (justice requiring it)—to the rectory of the said half, in which Sir Roger de Blida, priest, is canonically instituted, who is bound by law to serve there personally, though no part of the Church is annexed to his dignity or prebend aforesaid. Decreeing that the union thus made shall be for ever to the advantage of the aforesaid rector and his successors for the time being, provided that the said rectory shall not be defrauded of its proper duties, nor that the cure of souls shall in any way be neglected. Given at York, 26th Feb., 1291. The feudal superiority of Rotherham remained in the hands of the family of Eustace until the town and Church became vested in the monks of Rufford; but their rights were disputed by a branch of the family bearing the hereditary name of Tilli. - - Dodsworth says “Robert de Tilli was the first conqueror or purchaser of Rotherham, and from him issued John de Tilli, and from John, Ralph Tilli, who forfeited and lost his lands at Rotherham, and King Henry, father of King Edward, entered into the said lands, and held them as his escheat.” Of the contentions between the descendants of Eustace and the Tillis the following extracts, principally from the Dodsworth papers in the Bodleian Library, will give some idea:- Placita. Mich. 2. K. john.” Eustace de Vesci sued Geoffrey de Saucensmar and Matilda, his wife, for the village of Rodenham as his right and inheritance. And Geoffrey said that he claims nothing in that land unless through his wife, whose dowry that land is by the gift of a certain William de Tilli, formerly her husband, whose heir is Ralph de Tilli, his brother. Placita. St. Hilary. 4. K. john.” Eustace de Vesci sued Ralph de Tilli whom Geoffrey de Saucensemar and Matilda, his wife, called to warrant, &c., the village of Rudenham, with all its appurtenances, as the right, &c., whereof Eustace, son of John, grandfather of the said Eustace, was seised as of fee in the time of K. Henry, the grandfather, &c., and from the same Eustace to William, his son, and from the same William to Eustace, his son, and this he offers to prove, &c. Ralph defends his right against Eustace, &c. Let them be bound over to fight a duel between them. Placita. 4. johis." Between William Son of Richard, plaintiff, and Robert the Clerk of Monkisburg, defendant, concerning iiij. bovates of land with appurtenances in Monkisburg, and ij. messuages with appurtenances in Rodinham, as the right and inheritance of William. And * Archbishop John de Romaine's Register, Book IV., fo. 219. * “ Dodsworth MS.,” Vol. 73, p. 1 o' (A.D. 1200). “Ibid, p. I 2 (A D. 1203). “Ibid, p. 54” (A.D. I 203). 22 - $ntiſtrijam. William grants to the said Robert 3s. rents in Monkisburg of the service of William Son of Hugh de Olecot and Beatrix his mother, and 2s. rent in Rodinham of the service of Alan Long, Robert and his heirs holding of William and his heirs, paying thence per ann. &c. And besides the said William grants to the said Robert j. bovates of land with appurtenances in Monkisburg, with i. assart in Rodinham, which Richard son of Robert gave to the same Robert, to hold by the same Robert and his heirs of William and his heirs, paying per ann.—or i. pair of spurs of the value of iijd, for all service. Placita 5 john.” Between Eustace de Vescy, plaintiff, and Ralph de Tilly, defendant, concerning the village of Rodinham, with its appurtenances, whereupon Geoffrey de Sanansemar and Matilda, his wife, called to warranty the said Ralph, who, &c., warranted it as the dowry of the same Matilda. And thereupon a pledged duel of arms and blows (duellum vad. armatum et percussum) between the said Eustace and Ralph in the same court, &c. The right of Eustace. And he gave to the said Ralph the moiety of the said village in demesnes, in the Services of the free men, in villenages, mills, markets, and fairs, with the moiety of the advowson of the church of the said village, and with the moiety of all things to the said village pertaining, without any return. To have to the same Ralph and heirs by the service of one and a half knight's fees for all service saving to the same Eustace and his heirs the whole of the capital messuage of the said village of Rodenham for which the said Eustace gave of his moiety to the said Ralph of the length and breadth so much land to make one messuage within the village of Rodenham as the said capital messuage contains. Neither of them to warrant his part to another person from other claims. 6 john.” Between Eustace de Vesci, plaintiff, and Henry, son of the Seneschall, defendant, concerning one bovate of land with appurtenances in Mekesburg, and of one toft with appurtenances in Roddenham. The right of Eustace. And Eustace granted to the said Henry and his heirs the said bovate and toft, with appurtenances to hold of Eustace and his heirs for ever by the free service of Ios. per ann. for all service saving external service due to the crown. - 7 john.” Between Eustace de Vescy plaintiff, and Robert, son of Richard, defendant, concerning 2 bovates of land with appurtenances in Merkesburch, and of xl. acres of land with appurtenances, in Rodenham—the right of Eustace. And the same Eustace grants to the same Robert the said ij. bovates with appurtenances in Merkesburch, to hold to the same Robert and heirs, by the free service of 5s. per annum. Carta. 26 Hem. III." Christiana, who was the wife of Gerard de Furnivall gave lands in Roderham, to the Abbot of Rughford, which lands William de Vescy, her father, gave to William de Furnivall, uncle of the said Thomas, tempore Edw. I. - Charter. 35 Edward I.” The King granted to Robert de Waddesley a Friday's market at his manor of Roterham in the county of York. Hilary Term. I Ed. II.' Ralph de Waddisley was summoned to answer the Abbot of Rufford in a plea of agreement for I messuage, I toft I acre and 46 ft. of land in Roderham and Mekesburgh, and for the homage and services of John de Gotham. * “ Dodsworth MS.,” Vol. 73, p. 75 (A.D. 1204). "Ibid, p. 82 (A.D. 12O5). * Ibid, p. 83 (A.D. 1206). * A.D. 1241. * “ Dodsworth MS.,” Vol. 133, p. 72° (A.D. 1306). * Ibid, Vol. 153, p. I (A. D. I 307). #ncient 33 otherijam. 23 charter. 9. Ed. II.” John de Vescy gave the service of Thomas de Furnivall of lands in Roderham to the Abbot of Rugford, which William de Vescy, his father, gave to William de Fournivall, uncle of the said Thomas. Placita. Hilary Term. I 5 H. VI., Roll 130.” John Wentworth against Katherine, who was the wife of Richard Wortley, of a plea for 6d. rent in Rodderham, and against John Russworth of a plea of 4d, rent in Hymelesworth. Escheat. 33 Hen. VI." - Thomas de Clifford, Kt., died 22 May, A". 33 H. VI., and John, son and heir, is aged 20 years and 27 weeks, and more. Inquisition taken A". 34. H. VI. John Clifford, Kt., father of the said John.—ſpossessed of Rotherham.] Hunter gives a considerable detail of the family of de Vesci, but as their many intermarriages, actions, and aggrandisements relate little to Rotherham we may pass them over until we come to a very important part of their history, in the reign of Henry III., when John de Vesci gave all he possessed at Rotherham to the monks of Rufford. His own charter is not known to exist, but is fully recited in the following Charter of a Confirmation given in I Edward I., which is itself contained in an Inspeximus of 9 Edward II., given by Dugdale," of which an abstract only is given by Hunter:- We have inspected a charter which our beloved and faithful John de Vescy made to Thomas de Stayngrene, abbot of Rufford, and to his Church of Saint Mary of Rufford and the Cistercian monks serving God there, [in which he grants] eight ox-gangs of land in the town of Roderham, and all my lordship of my whole manor of Roderham, with all the appurtenances, and the advowson of half part of the church of the same manor of Roderham, To have and to hold to the same abbot and monks and their successors, with homage and service of Thomas de Furnivall and his heirs for the lands and tenements which the said William de Vescy, my father, gave to William de Furnivall, uncle of the same Thomas in Roderham; and, with the homage of the heirs of William de Cantilupe, for the lands and tenements which the same William, my father, gave to him in the same manor; and with all the right which he had, or ought to have in the lands and tenements which Hugh Frassel of Roderham, lately parson of the Church of Penyeston, held from my fee in Roderham; and with the homage of William Lovel, son of William Lovel, for the tenement which he held of me in Roderham, and in the mill of the same town; and with the homage and service of the heir of John de Lexington which were owing to me for land, which sometime was Ralph Tilly's; and with the homages and services of other freemen, customs, services, rents, and the chattels and goods of villans, and with whatever wards, reliefs, and escheats that now may belong, with lands and tenements, meadows, pastures, woods, waters, pools, fish-ponds, mills, kilns, and the suits of mills and kilns, suits and revenues of courts; and with the lordship of half the market and fair of Roderham, and with all other their appurtenances and other things named or not named belonging to me there. Furthermore, by this same charter I grant and confirm for myself and my heirs to the monks aforesaid and their successors, that they may freely enjoy the lands and tenements and the rents of freemen and villans holding of them in the said manor of Roderham without challenge by me or my heirs, excepting the homage of John de Dayvil for the tenement which Thomas de Dayvil holds in Anstan, and the homage of Nicholas de Lyvet for fees which he holds from me in Hoton, near the Abbey of Rupe, which I * “ Dodsworth MS.,” Vol. 130, p. 84 (A.D. 1315). b Ibid, Vol. 124, p. 46 (A.D. 1436.) “Ibid, Vol. 130, fol. 47 (A.D. 1454) * “Mon. Angli,” Vol. 5., p. 519. (Caley & Ellis's Edition, 1825.) 24 330th crijam. retain for myself and my heirs. The said abbot and monks and their successors shall hold and have all the others of me and my heirs in free, pure, and perpetual alms for ever. And I John and my heirs guarantee all and singular the aforesaid as our free, pure, and perpetual alms to the aforesaid abbot and monks, &c. Witnesses: Antony Beekes, Archdeacon of Durham, Walter de Camhou, Roger de Shirland, &c. It is said that John de Vesci assumed the Cross, going on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where he continued till after the death of King Henry. King Henry enfeoffed John de Lexington in the lands of Rotherham with all their appurtenances which passed to him as his escheat after the forfeiture of Ralph Tilli, and the aforesaid John de Lexington enfeoffed the Abbey of Rufford as freely as Ralph de Tilli held them. Thus the contentions which had been waged during half a century, as appears from the perplexing records left us, between the two branches of the family to whom the manor had been originally granted, to the enjoyment of little peace or profit to either, were now brought to a perpetual and honourable end, by the village, or towne, and “lordship of the whole manor of Rotherham ”—its properties and privileges coming into the possession of the monks of Rufford, except that the monks of Clervaux, in Champaigne, obtained half the Church, but which was, however, about 1291-6, released in consideration of an annual payment of £20 from the monks of Rufford, until the time arrived when the foreign houses were dispossessed of the rights they had held in England, when this rent became payable to the Crown, and, by 7th Edward IV., was settled on the canons of Windsor. As will be hereafter seen, a translation of the text of the Inquisition on this transaction taken at Rotherham follows in due course; but the first notice of authority exercised by the abbot is fifteen years after his becoming lord of Rotherham; the mention is very slight, but is followed by the relation of several actions brought into the same Court of the Wapentake of Strafford which throw a strange and lurid light on the offences, and especially on the punishments of that period, in which beheading seems to have been by no means uncommon, or peculiar to any particular place. The Hundred Rolls from which abstracts follow are records of enquiry made into abuses and encroachments, temp. Edward I. (six hundred years since), and contain the answers by the sworn men in each place, stating the particular wrong or wrongs, and, as we shall see hereafter, the mode of judicature seems to have been thorough and independent. (Answers returned by jury to Inquisition as to certain abuses).” WAPPENTAKE of STRAFFORD. The Abbot of Rufford and Edmund de Waddesley have withdrawn a suit (i.e., attend- ance at the meeting) to the Wappentake for the town of Roderham, where the abbot holds half, for fifteen years past. - - Robert de Vipont and his heirs have exceeded the bounds of their warren in Kymber- worth for ten years past. Richard [steward of Earl Warrene] imprisoned Beatrice, who was wife of William (?) the tailor of Roderham, at Wakefield, for a whole year, because she had impleaded the said earl for a certain tenement in Gresbrook, and they do not know how she was set free. The same Richard made devilish and innumerable oppressions [i.e., heavy charges and taxes as it will appear on the roll of ministers. * “Rotuli Hundredorum,” 4 Edward I. (A D. 1276). Printed by Records Commission, 1812, pp 1 og", I Io", I 13". 3 m tient 33 ſtijerijam, - 25 Also they say that Nigel Drury, constable of the Castle of Conisbrough, seized in the town of Roderham six stone of wool from a certain chest which belonged to a certain woman who was hung at Conisbrough, and carried off the said wool, against the inhibition of the bailliffs of the said town (of Roderham). - - Henry of Normanton, under-sheriff, seized John of Schires, whom he had procured to be appealed for the death of a certain man, and imprisoned him until he had made a fine of 50 marks. Also he seized a certain horse, value 4os., which belonged to a robber beheaded at Rodreham, and he still keeps it. Many other numerous and wonderful things are said of the said Henry, as appears on the roll of ministers and in another wappentake, and in the inquisition of that wappentake. - - The same Henry charged the town of Roderham with a certain escape, and the said town gave 40s. to him in order to have an inquisition held, which had acquitted the town of it, and notwithstanding the said H. seized £8 from the said town for the escape. WAPPENTAKE OF TY KEHULL. That Robert de Vipont took for himself from the king's highway, and included in his park of Kimberworth, the width of a rood and a length of 20 roods of land, ten years past. Henry de Kyrkeby, under-sheriff, took from Henry Letard, of Roderham, who was seized and imprisoned at York for the death of a man, Io marks, and promised to let him off. They say that John Bolle, sub-escheator, sold to one William Morris, of Kymberworth the year and waste of our lord the king of two bovates of land which belonged to Robert of Thachale, outlaw, for 24.s. 6d. In the next the abbot is maintaining his rights and privileges in another place. INQUISITION taken at Roderham, before Thomas de Rokeby, Excheator of the King, co. York, on the Thursday next before the Feast of St. Martin in Winter, in the year of the reign of the third King Edward after the Conquest the 16th of England and 3rd of France, by the oath of Hugh de Stiresthorp, Thomas Mundosdere, Adam de Cressewell, senior, John de Newton de Whistan, John de Mounteney, Henry de Hynkershill, John le Parker de Shiford, Thomas Barbotes, Henry del Brome, John del Hill de Dalton, Roger de Hallom, and Tho. Holghby, jurors, - Who say by their oath that the Abbot of Rufford purchased for himself and his successors for ever, half the church of Roderham, with its lands and appurtenances, from the Abbot of Clare Vaux, paying to the said Abbot of C. and his successors yearly, £20 for ever (before the Statute of Mortmain was passed), on the day of the blessed Mary Magdalene, A.D. 1278, and from no other. And they say that the said Abbot of Clare Vaux held the said half church to his own use for twenty years and more before the said purchase. Again, they say that the said Abbot de Clare Vaux purchased that half from John de Lessyngton, to hold to himself and his successors for ever in pure and perpetual alms, in A.D. 1249, and not from anyone else. Again they say that the advowson of half the said church is held of the heirs of William de Vescy, by the service of the fourth part of a knight's fee, and from none other; and the same heirs hold that advowson of Peter de Malo Lacus, by the service aforesaid; and the same Peter holds that advowson, together with other lands and tenements in the said county, of the King in chief, as of the fee of Fossard, by millitary service. And that the said Abbot of Rufford thus holds the said church to ferm just now. And they say that the said half is worth yearly, according to its true value, 20s. over and above the said annual £20. Again, they say that there are no other middle-lords between the King and the said Abbot of Clare Valle, except the said men of William de Vescy and the said Peter de Malo Lacu. In witness, &c." * Inquis. P. Mort., 16 Edward III., (2 nos.), No. 79 (A.D. 1342;) 26 330th crijam. Sir John de Lexington is described as having been a very great man. In the reign of Henry III, he was Chief Justice of the forests north of Trent, and Governor of the Castles of Scarborough, Pickering, and Barmbrough; Henry, his brother, was Bishop of Lincoln; and Stephen, another brother, Abbot of Clervaux, in Champaigne, which may account for the interest had in the Church of Rotherham when his lay interest was given to Rufford. His connection with Rufford may be easily explained, for he was of Lexington (now called Laxton), a few miles from the Abbey. We have now to tell of great advances that have taken place in the condition of Rotherham since the time when Acun, the Saxon thane, was dispossessed of his manor there, and the sub-infeudatory of the Earl of Morton succeeded to the limited and ravaged possessions of that period. The grant made by John de Vesci to Rufford shows how largely the cultivated land, and the number of occupiers rendering homage, had increased. In this enlarged and improved state it came into the hands of Thomas de Stayngrene, the abbot, and of the Cistertian monks of Rufford, and we have now to gather together, as we best may, evidences of the care manifested by them through a period of two and a half centuries, for the further enlargement and improvement of the noble benefaction committed to them. It appears that Rotherham had a church, a priest, a mill, a fair, and a market before it came into the hands of the house of Rufford, but they had only half the church, the market, and the fair. These were most important and enviable privileges at that early period, and Hunter states concerning the market that we have no account of its origin. “It appears to have been a prescriptive right, and may possibly have originated in the Saxon times, when the Church of Rotherham was the only place of resort in a wide district for the performance of the rites of Christianity; for many are the instances in which we find the meetings for traffic held at the places which were peculiarly sacred to the purposes of religion.” Sunday would then bring a great influx of the scattered inhabitants from far and near for the due performance of prescribed religious rites—and after them for such exercises and pastimes as were not then supposed to be inimical to, or inconsistent with, the religious services of the earlier portion of the day. These would consist of dances on the green, “musters” for shooting at the “butts,” by which our English bowmen became the terror of their foes, and, however out- numbered, triumphant in many a bloody fight: these, with some of the ruder and rougher contests, now euphoniously termed “athletic sports,” brought both young and old from all quarters on the Sunday, and would, naturally and necessarily, become the place of meeting when the traffic and barter of the district had to be done on other days. The fair before mentioned will, most probably be the one given by the following charter:-" John, by the grace of God, &c., know that we have granted and, by this our charter, have confirmed to Eustace de Vescy that he shall have a port at Avenemue and one market there every Wednesday, and a fair at Roderham to last two days, beginning on the day of St. Edmund and to last the next day following, to have and to hold to him and his heirs, with all appurtenances, liberties, and free customs to the port, market, and fair belonging, yet so that they be not to the hurt of neighbouring ports, markets, or fairs. Wherefore we will and firmly decree that the said Eustace and his heirs shall have and hold all the * Charter Rolls, 9 John, m. 4 (A.D. 1207). Charter to Eustace de Vescy. 3 m tient 33 oth crijam. - !. 27 aforesaid, with all their appurtenances, well and peaceably, freely and quietly, and entirely in all places and matters, with all liberties and free customs belonging to them as aforesaid. Witness the lords bishops, P. Winton and J. Norwich, R., constable of Chester, W. Briwer, Peter de Brus, H. de Nevill, War"., 'son of Ger, William de Cantilupe, Ralph Gernun. Given by the hand of H. de Wells, Archdeacon of Wells, at Winchester, 2nd January, in the 9th year of our reign. This fair formed part of the privileges conveyed to Rufford by De Vesci, and the next charter mentioned by Hunter is one “ of free warren in all his demesne lands of Rotherham ” granted to the Abbot of Rufford by 13th Edward I., but there is a confirmatory one of De Vesci's grant of the same date as follows:— (“Inspeximus.” )* The king to the archbishops, &c., greeting. We have inspected a charter which our beloved and faithful John de Vescy, son and heir of William de Vescy, made to God and the blessed Mary and the monks of Rufford in these words. To all faithful Christians who shall see or hear these presents, John de Vescy, son of Sir William de Vescy [wishes] eternal health in the Lord, know ye all that I for the health of my soul, of my father, mother, and of all my ancestors and successors, have granted, and by this present writing have confirmed and released in all ways to God and the blessed Mary and the monks of Rufford all the lands and tenements which they hold in Rotherham of the gift of Sir John de Lexington, William Lovel, and Hugh Frasel, with the lordship of the market and fair of Roderham, and with all liberties and free customs to all the aforesaid belonging, without any retainment, within the town and without, with every kind of judgment and fines for all transgressions, as well from malefactors as against the assize of bread and ale, weights and measures, and with arrest and imprisonment of malfactors found in the said lands, tenements, and market. To have and to hold to the said monks and their successors from me and my heirs in free, pure, and perpetual alms, with their free courts, and all their liberties, so that I, nor my heirs, nor anyone in our name, shall not be able to require any right in the said lands and tenements hereafter. In testimony of which I have set my seal to this present writing. Witness Sir Thomas de Furnivall, Henry de Perepunt, Roger, son of Thomas, Master William de Bellew, Adam de Normanvill, Richard de Gratham [? Grantham], and others. We therefore grant and confirm the said gift, grant, and confirmation, ratifying and favouring those things for us and our heirs as far as in us lies, as by the said charter is reasonably shown. Witness the venerable father in God, the Bishop of Bath and Wells our chancellor, Edmund our brother, Edmund Earl of Cornwall, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Roger le Bigot Earl of Norfolk and Marshall of England, John de Warenne Earl of Murrey, Henry de Lascy Earl of Lincoln, John de Vescy, Reginald de Grey, Robert Tilbotot, Thomas de Weyland, and others as above. - It will be seen that the extreme punitive privilege of gallows is conferred by the preceding charter. Gallow-tree-hill was recently part of the possessions of the Feoffees of the common lands of Rotherham, but happily shorn of its ancient elevating distinction. An instance has been already adduced of another kind of capital punishment exercised at Rotherham, and the following is another dreadful instance of it printed in Cole's documents, illustrative of English history. Petition of Scholastica, who was wife of Godfrey de Melsa." In the petition of the same Scholastica it is shown to the king that, whereas some malefactors broke into her house at Lemington, and seized and carried away her goods and chattels found there, to the value of £Ioo, to Roderham in this county (Ebor), where four * Charter Rolls, 13 Edward I., No. 80 (A.D. 1285). " Rolls of Parl., 12 Edward II., m. 4 (A.D. 1319). This Parliament was held at York. 28 330th crijam. of the felons were taken and beheaded, when some of the goods of this Scholastica were found with these men, and were claimed by her servants; the bailiffs of the king refused to give them back to her there; whereof she asketh a remedy. It is thus replied, let John of Doncaster, Adam of Everyngham, of Birking, and John Travers, or two of them, inquire, hear, and determine on the matters contained in the petition. ~ It would appear from this that the pleasant privilege of “The Maiden” was not exclusively peculiar to Halifax. - The charter of grant of free warren is hereunder given, which, with the preceding confirmatory charter, seems to have been the first and most judicious means taken by the House of Rufford to secure the fullest enjoyment of its recently acquired property and privileges; it is followed by an instance in which these privileges are sought to be infringed. The king to the archbishops, &c., greeting. Know that we have granted and by this our charter have confirmed to our beloved in Christ the Abbot and Convent of Rufford, that they and their successors shall have for ever free warren in all their demesne lands of Rufford, Cratele Eybering, Almeton, Rohagbe, Parkelathe, Kirketon, Tokefford, Fox- holes, and Morton, in the county of Notingham * * And in all their demesne lands of Roderham and Carlecotes in county York, provided those lands be not within the bounds of our forest, so that no one shall enter those lands to flee into them or to take anything that belongs to a warren without the leave and will of the abbot and convent or their successors, upon our fine of ten pounds. Given by our hand at Westminster, 7th day of June." - - The abbot of Rufford by his attorney opposes himself on the fourth day [i.e., of the term] to Michael de Upsale, Richard de Waddesleye, Hugh de Waddesleye, William de Thorneton, Henry de Dalton, Robert son of William son of Gilbert, Henry de Herthel, Adam Couban de Shefeud, William de Thorne, Thomas le Messer, Thomas son of Hugh de Shagh, Richard Lamay, William son of Enduse, Hugh the shoemaker, in a plea demanding why [as follows]? Whereas the same abbot has a certain market and fair in Roderham, with all liberties and free customs to the market and fair belonging, and [whereas] the attachments of transgressions made against the assize of bread and ale for all the said town and the fines for those transgressions belong to the same abbot, and he has been accustomed to have these fines in former times from the same men, the said Michael and others likewise with William Banaster, Adam de Walkeleye, William son of William the carter; and William Kanch distrained the said men for the assize of bread and ale which was broken in the same town by measures and other distraints for the fines thereof to be made to the said Michael, and they seized and carried away the said measures by force of arms, not allowing the bailiffs of the said abbot to exercise their office in the said market; and other great wrongs, &c., to the no small hurt and damage of him the abbot and the lesion of his liberty or [privilege] aforesaid, and against the peace. And they did not appear. And the sheriff was ordered to distrain the said Michael and others, and that he should take the said William Banaster and others. And the sheriff did nothing, nor did he send a writ. Therefore as many times the sheriff was ordered to distrain the said Michael and others in all their lands, &c., and to take the said William and others thus found (judged), &c., and with safe, &c., so that he should have his body before the king on the day of St. Michael in a month, and the sheriff so to hear judgment, &c. Afterwards came Thomas de Asenton, Will. de Middelton, Ralph de Bechum, and Will. de Thorton of co. York, and gave warrant to have the said Michael de Upsale at the said term. Therefore let a writ be made to him that the sheriff in the meanwhile shall cease from distraining." * Charter Rolls, 13 Edward I., No. 78, (A.D. 1285.) b Plea Rolls, Coram Rege, 13 Edward I., No. 93 (A.D. 1285). Trinity, Roll 9. back. 3 m cient 3& oth crijam. 29 In the following Quo Warranto proceeding the abbot seems to be confronted by a more serious contention. - Pleas of Quo Warranto before Hugh de Cressingham and his fellows, Itinerant justices of the King, at York, Trinity 21, Edw. I. The Abbot of Rufford was summoned to answer to the king to the plea, by what warrant he claimed to have free warren in all the demesne lands in Roderham, a market, fines of the assize of bread and ale broken, a tumbrell of the pillory, standard of measures, land measures [ulnarum, and weights, infangthef, and gallows in the said town, which belong to the Crown and the dignity of the king, without license and will of the king and his progenitors, kings of England, &c. And the abbot appeared by his attorney and said, that he claims free warren in Roderham, and likewise in Carlootes, in the county of York, by a charter of the present king, given in the 13th year of his reign, which he produces, and which testifies that the same king granted to the same Abbot and Convent of Rufford, that he and his successors for ever may have free warren in all their demesne lands of Roderham and Carlcotes in co. York, provided those lands be not within the bounds of the king's forest, &c." And as to the other liberties he said that he claims infangenethef and gallows in the said town, fines for the assize of bread and ale being broken, the tumbrell of the pillory, the standard of measures, land measures, and weights, and half the market of Roderham, by this warrant, namely,–that half of the manor of Roderham, with the said liberties, was in seisin of one Ralph Tilly in the time of King Henry, father of the present king, which Ralph and all his fore-fathers, from time whereof the memory doth not run, always enjoyed all the said liberties in the said half manor as he himself now claims them, that the said Ralph forfeited his holdings, and the king, whose escheat the said half manor was, granted to one John de Lessington by his charter, that after the death of one Beatrice (who held the said half manor in dower in inheritance of the aforesaid Ralph) the said half manor, with all the liberties and their other appurtenances, should remain wholly to the said John de Lessington and his heirs, to be held from the king in chief; and besides the same John of Lessington of his own seisin gave and granted the said half of the said manor, with all its liberties and appurtenances to a certain abbot, predecessor of this abbot, to hold to himself and his successors for ever. And he said that he was prepared to verify in every way that the court might think well, that all the lords holding the said half manor, from time whereof memory doth not run, always peacefully used all the said liberties so belonging to the said half manor, without any interruption of time. And the abbot being asked if he had anything from any king, as to any grant made to him or his predecessors of the said liberties, &c., showed nothing, &c. And, therefore, it was adjudged that all the said liberties which the said abbot claims by reason of the half manor, except the warren, shall be seized in the king's hand to his will. And the abbot at the king's mercy,” &c.; and the sheriff is charged with them, &c.," and it is worth yearly – - - * -*. - And as to the said warren, Roger de Hegham who sues for the king, said that the aforesaid abbot abuses that liberty, &c., for he said that the abbot by authority of the said charter holds lands of his free neighbours in the warren, and he [Hegham] asks that it may be inquired into, &c. Therefore, the truth of the matter shall be inquired. Afterwards, on the fifth day after the first judgment was given, the aforesaid attorney came and brought a writ from the king in these words:—Edward, by the grace of God, &c., to his beloved Hugh de Cressingham and his fellows, itinerant justices in the county of York, saluting. Whereas our beloved and faithful John de Vescy by his charter granted to our beloved in Christ, the Abbot and Convent of Rufford of the Cistercian Order, divers liberties contained in the same charter which we have afterwards confirmed to the said * See the Charter of 13 Edward I., p. 28. ° i.e., He is liable to be fined. “ i.e., The sheriff is charged with the care of the liberties so taken into the king's hand. 3O $otherham. abbot and convent by our charter, and which the same abbot and convent and their predecessors since the making of the charter to them by the said John have always reasonably enjoyed hitherto, as they say; we command you that, our said confirmation being inspected, you promise to the said abbot and convent before you in your said journey (or circuit) that they shall use and enjoy their said liberties according to the tenor of the same confirmation, and as they and their predecessors always hitherto from the time aforesaid reasonably have been accustomed to use those liberties. Witness myself at Westminster 22nd November 22nd year of our reign, &c.—But because he came after judgment was given, &c.; And the justices record that at first when the abbot began to plead he affirmed the said charter and confirmation, of which mention was made in this writ, and when somewhat had been counter pleaded on behalf of the king by the said Roger de Hegham, and also the same Roger had then asked that a day beyond should be given him for the king that he might be informed more upon these and it was granted to him, and the said abbot came here by his attorney on the morrow of St. Michael, &c., and in pleading he made no mention of the said charter and confirmation of the said John de Vescy, &c.; on account of which judgment was given against him as appears above, &c." Our lord, the king, by Roger de Hegham who sues for him, asks as against the Abbot of Rufford half the manor of Roderham, with appurtenances, which Ralph Tilly held from the lord, King John, grandfather of the lord king that now is, and which ought now to revert to the king as escheat, &c., because the same Ralph bore arms against the said lord, King John, for which he was disinherited, &c. And the abbot by his attorney came. And he says that one John de Lessington gave of his own seisin the said half of the said manor to a certain abbot of Rufford, predecessor of this abbot, and monks there, for the service of God, in pure and perpetual alms, &c. And he says that the present king by his charter, dated 13th year of his reign, which he produces, granted the said grant and gift, &c. And he calls to warrant this Richard de Sutton, William de Santa Cruce, and Agnes his wife, John de Bray and Cecil his wife, and John son and heir of Bertus son of Robert of Marcham, namely, the said Richard, Agnes, Cecil, and the said John son of Bertus as kinsmen and heirs of the said John of Lexington; which John son of Bertus is under age and is in the king's ward; and he produces a charter of the said John of Lexington which testifies to the said gift, grant, and warrant. And because the said John, son of Bertus, is within age, &c., therefore this imparlance remains till he is of age, &c. [i.e., the case must wait till he is of age.” The three following documents relate to more agreeable and profitable trans- actions, and must have been very consolatory to the troubled abbot in the midst of his conflicts; the first is the record of the inquiry which it was necessary to make before the king could grant the licence contained in the second. Inquisition taken at Roderham by John de Creppinges, Sheriff of York, on the Monday next after the feast of St. Andrew, the apostle, in 1st year of King Edward, son of King Edward, by John Haringel, Thomas de Assebyri, Thomas de Barevill, Giles de Hikelton, Richard de Loversale, John de Staynton, Robert the clerk of Derfield, Ingram Folenfamit, William the lord of Addewicks, Peter del Rodes, William de Addewicks, and Robert de Sandbecks, whether it be to the damage of the king or anyone else or not, if the king grant to Robert de Waddeley that he may give and assign to the Abbot and Convent of Rufford a messuage, a toft, one acre, and 46 feet of land in length, and I 5 feet of land in width, and £9 os. 8d. in rent, and the rent of a pound of pepper, with appurte- nances in Roderham and Merkesburg, to have and to hold to the same abbot and convent and their successors for ever. Who say upon oath that it is not to the damage of the king * Pleas of Quo Warranto, 21 Edward I. (A.D. 1304) Roll 3, back. * Pleas of Quo Warranto, 21 Edward I., Roll I 2. 3 m tient 330th crijam. 31 or others nor can be * # except in this, that if the said Robert by chance committed felony the king would then lose a year, a day, and waste for it; that the said Robert holds the said messuage, toft, land, and rent from the aforesaid abbot by homage and fealty and the service of sixpence per annum, and the said abbot holds them from Peter de Malo Lacus in free, pure, and perpetual alms, and the said Peter holds them from the king in chief. And they say that the said messuage, toft, land, and rent are worth yearly in all their issues / 9 Ios. They say that it is not to the damage of the king or others if the king give leave to the said Robert that he may grant to the aforesaid abbot the homages and services of John of Gotham, Richard Hawys, William Malcus, William the Arvesmithe, John Roseland, and Hugh le Fevre, which are bound to be done by the same John, &c., for their lands and tenements which they hold of the aforesaid Robert in Roderham and Markesburg. They further say that Robert de Waddesley will have left in his own hands (besides this gift) the manor of Waddesley, which he holds of Thomas de Furnivall by homage and suit to his court at Sheffield, and which will suffice him for his services and other customs, &c." The king to all, &c., greeting. Although by the common council of our kingdom it was enacted that it shall not be lawful for religious men [i.e., ecclesiastics] or others to enter on the fee of anyone so that it should become put in mortmain, without the license of us and of the chief lord from whom that thing [i.e., fee or holding] is immediately held, yet for a fine which our beloved in Christ, the Abbot of Rufford, has made to us, we have granted and given leave for us and our heirs as far as in us lies to Robert de Waddesley, that he may give and grant to the aforesaid Abbot and Convent of Rufford a messuage, a toft, one acre and 46 feet of land in breadth, 15 feet in width, nine pounds and eight pence of rent, and a pepper-corn rent, with their appurtenances in Roderham and Merksburgh, together with the homages and services of Philip de Gotham, Richard Hauwys, William Malcus, William the arowesmith, John Loselond, and Hugh le Fevre [the Smith], and their heirs for their lands and tenements which are held of the said Robert in the same place; to have and to hold to the said abbot and convent and their successors for ever; and we have also given special license by the tenor of these presents to the said abbot and convent that they may receive and hold the aforesaid messuage, toft, land, rent, homages, and services, with appurtenances, from the aforesaid Robert to themselves and their successors for ever: not willing that the said Robert or his heirs, or the said abbot, convent, or their successors, by reason of the aforesaid statute should be obstructed, molested, or in any way burdened therein. Saving, &c. Witness, the king at Westminster, I 2 December.” ~ Inquisition taken at Roderham Monday next after the feast of All Saints. Jurors say it is not to the hurt or prejudice of the king or others, if the king gives leave to Edmund de Dacre, to give and assign to the Abbot and Convent of Rufford a messuage and fourteen shillings rent, with appurtenances, in Roderham; because Edmund de Dacre holds the said tenement of the said Abbot and Convent by military service, and the abbot holds it in pure and perpetual alms from Peter de Malo Laci, and he from the king in capite." The following document of an early period only incidentally connects itself with Rotherham, but is of sufficient interest to deserve space here. It came to the assize to be ascertained by the country whether Robert de Raynbergh and Alice, his wife, wrongfully have diverted the course of a certain water in Addewick to the damage of the free holding of William, the lord of Addewick, in the same town: Wherein he complains that whereas he and his ancestors, from time whereof memory doth * Inquisitiones Ad Quod Damnum, I Edward II., No. 9 I (A.D. 1307) Part of the above is abstract. * Patent Roll, 1 Edward II., pt. 1, m. 5 (A.D. 1307). * Inquis. Ad Q. Dam., 14 Edward II., No. 1 og (A.D. 1320). Abstract. 32 - 33 otherijam. not exist, have had the course of certain water from a certain fountain, which is called Caldewell, in the said town, running through the midst of the messuage of the said Robert and Alice to the pond of this William in his messuage in the said town, to lead and water (wayandum et equandum) his horses, &c.; the said Robert and Alice have diverted the course of the said water to his damage. * At the same assize by another writ it came to be ascertained by the country whether Robert of Raynburgh and Alice, his wife, Roger of Leycester, Thomas the mason, and William Edmund had wrongfully obstructed a certain way in Addewick, to the hurt of the free holding of the said William, the lord in the same town: Wherein he complains that they have obstructed a certain way to his damage by which he and his ancestors were used to have free entrance and exit of going and coming for himself and his (family) to the church of the said town, and for carrying corn and manure with horses and carts and their other necessities as well to Roderham market as elsewhere. And Robert de Raynbergh and the others did not come, nor does anyone reply for them as of their bailiff, &c. And the sheriffs returned as to the first writ that the said Robert and Alice were attached by Nicholas the son of Ralph and by Robert the tailor; and as to the other writ that the same Robert and Alice and all the others were attached by Nicholas son of Ralph and by Robert the tailor. Therefore they are in mercy,” and the assize is taken against them by their default. The jury say upon their oath that the said William, the lord, and his ancestors were possessed of the said water-course, from time whereof there is no memory, until the said Robert and Alice wrongfully diverted that course to the damage of two shillings; and that the said William, the lord, and his ancestors were possessed of the said way as belongin to their free tenement, namely, for going, driving, and carrying in form aforesaid till the said Robert and the others, except the said Roger of Leycester, wrongfully obstructed the said way by a ditch, to the damage of eight shillings. Therefore it is adjudged by the view of the jurors that the said William may recover his possession thus, namely, that the said nuisances [harms] shall be removed at the cost of the said Robert and others, namely, that the said watercourse be placed back in its due and antient course, and the Said mound by which the said road was obstructed shall be pulled down and wholly removed,—on the view of the jurors, and his damages, the said ten shillings. And the said Robert and the others in mercy. And the said William in mercy for his false charge against the said Roger of Leycester.” - The next charter of markets is hereunder given. It is conjectured by Hunter that Robert de Waddesley was a farmer of the manor of Rotherham under the abbey, and states that another member of the family of Waddesley was connected with Rotherham, for it appears by the “Hundred Rolls” that the Abbot of Rufford and Edmund de Waddesley were charged with substracting one of the suits which they ought to make to the wapentake court for Rotherham. These were the Wadsleys of Wadsley in Hallamshire. King to the archbishops, &c., greeting. Know that we for the good service which our beloved and faithful Robert de Waddesleye has bestowed, have granted and confirmed by this our charter to the same Robert, that he and his heirs shall have for ever a market every week, on Friday, at his manor of Roderham, in county York, and a fair there every year, to last three days, that is to say, on the eve, the day, and the morrow of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, unless, &c. Wherefore we will, &c., unless, &c. Witness the venerable fathers W. Archbishop of York, Primate of England, W. Coventry and Lychfield, and J. Carlisle, Bishops; Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, John de Brittany Earl of Richmond, Guy Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, Hugh le Despenser, and others. Given, &c., at Carlisle, 1st April, by the king himself; R. de Cotingham being the messenger (?)" * f.e., Liable to be fined. Plea Rolls, Coram Rege, 12 Edward II., Easter T., Roll 3, back (A. D. I 3 19). * Charter Rolls, 35 Edward I., No. 19 (A.D. 1307). 3 m cient 33 otherham. 33 The king to the archbishops, &c., greeting. Know that we have granted, and by this our charter have confirmed, to our beloved and faithful Edmund de Dacre, that he and his heirs shall have for ever free warren in all their demesne lands of Heseham, in county Lancaster, provided that land is not within the bounds of our forest, so that no one shall enter those lands to hunt in them, or to take anything which pertains to a warren without the leave and will of Edmund or his heirs, upon our pain of ten pounds; and that he shall have a market every week, on Friday, at his manor of Roderham, in county York, and a fair there every year, to last eight days, that is, on the eve, the day, and the morrow of St. Edmund, the Archbishop and Confessor, and for the five days following, unless that market and fair be to the hurt of neighbouring markets and fairs. Wherefore we will and firmly decree for us and our heirs that the said Edmund and his heirs shall have free warren for ever. Provided, &c. So that, &c., and that they shall have a market every week, &c., unless, &c. Witness the venerable fathers R. London, J. Chichester, and W. Worcester, Bishops; Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Adomar de Vallencia Earl of Pembroke, John de Britannia Earl of Richmond, Robert of Clyfford, Robert son of Pagan, Steward of our Household, and others. Given by our hand, at Westminster, 4 of March. By council." It will be seen that in these charters to De Wadesley and De Dacre the market is on the same day, although the fair is not, and that therefore, as assumed by Hunter, there must have been some resumption of a grant of which we have no knowledge. The king to the archbishop, &c., greeting. Know that we have granted, and by this our charter have confirmed, to our beloved in Christ the Abbot and Convent of Rufford, that they and their successors shall have for ever a market every week on the Monday, at their manor of Roderham, in co. York, and a fair there every year, to last eight days, viz., on the day before the eve, the eve, the day, and the morrow of St. Edmund, the king, and for four following days, unless that market and fair be to the hurt of neighbouring markets and fairs. Wherefore we will and firmly decree for us and our heirs that the said Abbot and Convent and their successors shall have for ever the said market and fair at their said manor, with all liberties and free customs belonging in any way to a market and fair, unless, &c. Witness, &c. Given by our hand at Lincoln, 7 February, by writ of privy seal.” - For acquiring a Licence. The king to all, &c., greeting. Know ye that on the request of our beloved clerk, Henry de Edenestowe, we have granted and given leave for ourselves and our heirs, as far as in us lies, to our beloved in Christ the Abbot and Convent of Rufford, that they may appropriate the half of the Church of Roderham, which is of their own advowson (as it is said), and may hold it so appropriated to their own uses, to them and their successors for ever, without obstruction or impediment from us or our heirs, justices, escheators, sheriffs, or other our sheriffs or servants whomsoever, the Statute of not putting lands and tenements into mortmain notwithstanding. In witness, &c. Witness the king at Westminster, 6th day of October. By writ of privy seal.” - The King's Writ as to the Advowson of Rotherham Church. (A.D. 1314.) Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, &c., to the venerable father, &c., Walter, Archbishop of York, &c., greeting. We prohibit you from admitting any person to the half of Rotherham Church, which is vacant, as is said, and as to the advowson of which there is a dispute moved in our Court, between Gilbert de Aton and the Abbot of Rufford, until it is decided in the same court to which of them the advowson of the said half belongs. Witness myself, at Durham, 14 April, 7th year of our reign. * Charter Rolls, 2 Edward II., No. 25(A.D. 1309). Charter Rolls, 9 Edward II., No. 38 (A.D. 1316). * Patent Roll, 5 Edward III., pt. 2, m. 16 (A.D. 1332). 5 34 330th crijam. Edward, by the grace, &c., to Walter, Archbishop of York, &c. Know that the Abbot of Rufford, in our Court at Westminster, before our Justices, by their deliberation has recovered his presentation to the half of Rotherham Church, against Gilbert de Aton. And therefore we command you that notwithstanding the claim of the said Gilbert, at the said presentation of the said abbot, you shall admit a fit person to the said half church. Witness, W. de Herl. at Westminster, 18 June, 7th year of our reign." [Institution of Walter de Wetewang, clerk, as Rector, on the presentation of the Abbot of Rufford, to the half of Rotherham Church, which is vacant by the death of Roger de Blida. Thorpe, 29 June, 1333. Institution of William de Nateby, on the presentation of William de Northwell, as Rector in º of the Parish Church of Rotherham, now vacant. Cawood, 11 December, I 337. - A number of early Inquisitions follow,” of more or less interest, which make us acquainted with the origin of names in those who constitute the jurors summoned for the enquiry to be made by them, and the escheator acting for the king, in the district in which the enquiry takes place. They also give a favourable impression of the apparently friendly mode by which such courts were constituted, consisting, as they did, of persons residing in the immediate neighbourhood of the property to be adjudicated upon, and also of the wholesome care exercised by the law of the land over the interests of the community. Nor is the view less interesting which they give of the terms and tenure by which lands, manors, and messuages were then held, and as to the values at which they were appraised. The first relates to Tinsley, then an ancient manor and a very important quarter of the parish of Rotherham, the manor being held by a very significant tenure, and having the lordly appanage of a park: the questions raised seem to have been settled with competent authority, local and unlitigious. The document next following in chronological order is a different one, but is favourable to the character of Edward II. as in it he requires his escheator to rectify a wrong which had been committed. Inquisition taken at Roderham, before Thomas de Burgh, Escheator of the King on this side Trent, on the Monday next after the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Mary, in the 15th year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward, by the oaths of * Registers of the Archbishops of York.—William de Melton, Book IX., fo. 195. Edward II. * Ibid, fo 214. * The following unconnected notes relating to Rotherham at early periods, from various collections, are of some interest in respect of suits, presentations, &c. Quo Warranto Roll, 21 Edward I. Ebor. The lord the king has demands against the Abbot of Rufforth the moiety of the mannor of Roderham with thappurtenances which Ralph de Tilly holds of the lord King John grandfather of the now king &c. Fine, 3 Henry VI. Between John Alastre of Notingham pltf. and Michael Wyntworth and Margaret wife, defor- ciants of 8d. rent with the appurtenances in Roderham. The right of John &c. Fine, 36 Henry VI. Between Wm. Dolfyn the yonger and Agnes his wife son of Richard Ryshworth plaintiff and Wm. Dolfyn son of Richard Dolfyn of Roderham and Eliz. his wife, John Barnby and Richard Halbergh chaplain, deforciants of 2 messuages with thappurtenances in Roderham &c. The right of the same Wm. Dolfyn the yonger. In Wortley's evidences in Neuhal and Shitlington box No. 32, I Katerine widow of Richard de Wortelay of Tankirslay have given to Thomas my son and to the heirs of his body all those lands, tenements &c. which John Naylor, John Myrfyn, Wm. Walker and John Lorde of Roderham formerly held of mee, in Roderam. The remaynder to Eliz. my da. & to the heirs of her body. Dated at Roderham in the feast of the conversion of St. Paul a” 1430 (9 H. 6). 2 Edward IV. In the box of mariages &c. in Wortleye's evidences No. 22, The Abbot of Rufford hath granted to Grace Wortley, widdow of late Robert Wortley, one messuage in Roderham &c. To hold to the said Grace for life, To remayne to Robert son and heire of the foresaid Grace for life from the said abbot &c., doing suit to the court of the same abbot at Roderham 4 Dec. A° I472. Edward I. The Abbot of Rufford presents to the moiety of the Church of Roderham, 5* yeare of the Archbishop John Roman. Register fol. 18. The Abbot of Rughford presents to the moity of the Church of Roderham, 5th yeare of Bishop Grenefeld. I Edward III. William de Northwell presents to the moity of the Church of Roderham, 3 Ides Dec. 1337, fol. of the Register 214 of Bishop Melton. 16 Edward III. The king presents Richard de Wambelle to the moity of the Church of Roderham. Richard resignes the sayd moity to the Abbot of Rufford because he hath it appropriated to his proper use, a” I342, fol. I of W. de Zouche his Register. The Abbot of Rufford presents to the moity of the Church of Roderham, 3 yeare of Bishop Zouche, fol. 8 of his Register. The Abbot of Rughford presents to the vicarage of Roderham, 8th yeare of Bishop Zouche, fol. 40 of his Register. 3 m tient 33 nth crijam. - 35 Henry del Brom, Gilbert del Leghos, Henry Brakes, Ivo de Kylnhirst, Robert del Brom, Will. Hering (?), Robert Soukes, John del Maples junior, Roger Hering, Adam Ward, Henry Lambart, and Ralph Ward, jurors. Who say upon their oath that William de Tynneslowe, held nothing in demesne as of fee from the king in capite as of the crown on the day he died, but they say that the same William held in his demesne as of fee on the day he died, the Manor of Tynneslowe, with appurtenances, in co. York, of the Honor of Tykhill, and not of the king in capite, by the service of keeping a goshawk, and for mewing that goshawk he had seven pence half-penny a day, and of doing homage and fealty twice a year to the great court of the Castle of Tyckhill. And they say that there is in that same manor a capital messuage which is worth per annum in all issues, 65. And there are 80 acres of land there in demesne, of which every acre is worth 4d. a year. And there are seven acres of meadow, of which every acre is worth 2s. a year. And there is there a certain park, the grass of which in summer is worth yearly 3s. 4d. And there are two water-mills, which are worth yearly 26s. 8d. And there is rent from the free men, 24s. 8d, a year, to be paid at the terms of Pentecost and St. Martin's in Winter, by equal portions. And the rent of the bondmen and cottars ſ4 Ios. a year, to be paid at the terms aforesaid equally. And they say that the pleas and perquisites of the court are yearly 6s. 8d. Total from the Manor of Tynneslowe, ſo 18s. 8d. They say that the same William held a messuage and two bovates of land with appurtenances, in Le Fold, next Tyckhill, in his demesne as of fee on the day he died, of Roger de Clifford, as of the Manor of Malteby, by the service of appearance at the Court of Malteby yearly, every three weeks, and it is worth —s. 4d. a year, and gives scutage when it is due. And they say that the same William held in his demesne as of fee on the day he died, a messuage and two bovates of land with appurtenances, in Gresbroke, of the said Roger de Clifford, as of the Manor of Kymberworth, by the service of appearance at the court of the same demesne manor yearly every three weeks, and is worth yearly in all issues, 13s. 4d. And they say that the same William held in demesne as above, on the day he died, the advowson of the Chapell of St. Lawrence, of Tynneslowe, of the Honor of Tyckhill, as an appurtenance of the said manor of Tynneslowe, and the chapell is worth per annum 5 marks. Also they say that the same William held no other lands or tenements in County York on the day he died. Also they say that Walter de Tynneslowe, brother of the said William is his nearest heir, and forty years of age and more. In witness of which things the seals of the jurors are appended to this inquisition. Given the place and year above-Said." Inquisition taken before Peter de Saltemarsh, Sheriff of York, at Roderham, on the Saturday next after the Sunday in Mid-Lent, in the 8th year of Edward III. after the Conquest, according to the tenor of a writ from the king directed to the said sheriff, and stitched to this inquisition, by Henry del Brome, John del Hill de Dalton, Gilbert de Pokenale, John de Ullaye, Ivo de Routhmersh Richard son of Reginald, Thomas Malcus, Thomas de Hertleye, John de Ripon, John de Pykeryng, Thomas de Wynteworth, and William Syward, jurors. Who say upon oath that half a bovate of land, with its appur- tenances, in Roderham, which was held by Roger Rose, of Roderham, who was hung for a felony which he committed, has remained in the king's hands a year and a day;-the said Roger held the same half bovate of land with its appurtenances, of the Abbot of Rufford in capite. Also they say that immediately after the said Roger was convicted of felony Gilbert de Stapilton, late Escheator of the King beyond Trent, seized the said half bovate of land with appurtenances, and committed it to the men of the town of Roderham to answer for it and what belonged to it to our lord the king; so that the men of the said town of Roderham ought to answer to the king for a year a day and the waste of it to the king. Also they say that the Abbot of Rufford now holds the said half bovate of land, for that the said Gilbert de Stapilton, the King's Escheator, delivered that half bovate of land to the said Abbot by precept of a king's writ directed to the said Escheator therefor. In witness of which the said jurors have placed their seals to this inquisition. Given at the place and day and year above-Said.” * Inquis. Post Mortem, 15 Edward II., No. 28 * Inq. Post Mort., 7 Edward III. (2 nos.), No. 43, (A.D. 1322.) m. 2 (A.D. 1334). 36 33 ſtijerijam. |By a second Inquisition on the same day and place by the same day it was returned] that two messuages, with appurtenances, in Roderham, which were held by Lawrence, the Marshall of Roderham, who was outlawed for a felony which he committed, remained in the king's hand for a year and a day, and that the said Lawrence held the said two messuages with appurtenances in capite, of the Abbot of Rufford, and that John de Louther, late King's Escheator beyond Trent, by authority of his office, immediately after the outlawry proclaimed against the said Lawrence, seized into the king's hand the aforesaid two messuages so forfeited, by reason of the said forfeiture of the said Lawrence, he still holds and has had the year, day, and waste of our lord the king, and ought to answer to the king for it. In witness whereof, &c." . . % * Elizabeth de Montacute [Montagu] “held the manor of Whistan with the members of Aston, Totewikes, Treton, Vllay, Brampton, Catteclif, and Orgrave, belonging to the same in that county, being the inheritance of Thomas de Furnivall knight, who is of full age and still living; which Elizabeth was formerly wife of Thomas de Furnivall, grandfather of the present Thomas de Furnivall, and had the manor and members aforesaid as dower after the death of the deceased Thomas.” The manor with the said members is held by Andrew Lutterel knight, by knight's service.” The king, &c., greeting. Know that of our special grace we have granted, and by this our charter we have confirmed, for us and our heirs, as far as in us lies, to our beloved and faithful John de Mountenay, knight, that he and his heirs for ever shall have free warren in all their demesne lands in Colleye, Shyrclif next Sheffield, Ecclesfield, Roderham, and Wath, —provided that land is not within the bounds of our forest,--So that no one shall enter the lands to hunt in them, nor to take any thing that belongs to the warren without the leave and will of the said John, &c. [usual provisions]. Moreover, we have granted, and by this our charter have confirmed, for us and our said heirs, as far as in us lies, to the same John that he may inclose two hundred acres of land, two hundred acres of wood, and 20 acres of meadow of his demesne lands in Shirclif next Sheffield, and may make a park of the same, and may have and hold the said park so enclosed to himself and his heirs for ever without impediment or demand from us or our heirs or any of our officers whatsoever. Witness the venerable father W. Cantuar, Archbishop, Primate of all England; Thomas, Archbishop of York, Primate of England, our Chancellor, &c. Given by our hand at Westminster, 24 February, by writ of privy seal, and for a fine of 13s. 4d. paid into the Hanaper.” f Taken at Rothyrham, on Monday, 26th August, in the tenth year of Henry IV. Jurors, John Mapels, John Whiston, John Birlay, John West, Ralp Povay, Simon Mersscheburgh, William Wolhouse, John Povay, John Bocler, and John Schemeld. The jurors say “that it is not to the hurt or prejudice of the king or others, the king may grant to John Greenwood, vicar of the Church of Roderham, Robert de Hill, chaplain, and John de Palden, of Roderham that they found, make, ordain, and establish a certain chantry of one chaplain, to celebrate for ever divine service every day at the altar of Holy Cross in the church of the Blessed Mary of Roderham, according to the ordinance of the said John, Robert, and John, to be made for that purpose, for the healthy estate of him John de Palden and of Elizabeth his wife while they live, for their souls when they depart from this light, and for the souls of all the faithful dead.” They say further that it will not hurt if the chaplain has a corporate existence, nor if the three founders give “fifteen messuages and an acre of land and half a bovate of land, with appurtenances in Roderham * * * in help of the maintenance aforesaid for ever.” – – “They say that the said I 5 messuages and one acre of land and half a bovate of land, with their appurtenances in Roderham aforesaid, are held of John Fernefield, Abbot of Rufford, by burgage service, * Inq. Post Mort., 7 Edward III. (2 nos.), No. 43, * Inquis. Post Mortem, 28 Edward III. (I nos), memb. 4 (A.D. 1334). - - No. 39, m. I6 (A.D. 1355). * Charter Rolls, I 5, 16, 17 Richard II., No. 27 (A.D. 1392) Ørt ctent 33 ſtijerijam. - 37 and are worth yearly in all issues to their true value, besides charges, 66s. 8d., And they say that there is no other middle lord holding between the king and the said John, Robert, and John.” Property confirmed by Parliament to St. Mary and St. Nicholas College, Cambridge." “The reversion of a farm, rent, or pension of twenty pounds which the Abbot of Rufford is held to pay to us yearly for a certain apportus,” which he was accustomed to pay yearly to the Abbot of Clare Vaux, a foreigner, for the custody of half the Church of Roderham, in the county of York, the keeping of which half Henry Beaumont has for the term of his life by our grant to the value of twenty pounds per annum,_after the death of the same Henry when it may happen.” Taken at Skipton in Craven, 24 September. Jury found that Thomas Clifford was seized of several properties, amongst the rest “ of one messuage, with its appurtenances, in Roderham, [and] a hundred acres of land called Coppleyfeld, with its appurtenances, in Kymberworth, near Roderham, which belonged formerly to Richard Brereley, late of Maltby.” And the jurors say “that the said messuage with its appurtenances in Roderham, is held of the Abbot of Rufford, by fealty only, and is worth yearly in all issues, besides charges, 25. And that the said hundred acres of land in Kymberworth, called Coppleyfeld, with appurtenances, were held of Richard, Earl of Warwick, as of his Manor of Kymber- worth aforesaid, but by what service they say they are entirely ignorant.” - The jury say * * * “that one Henry de Stafford, clerk, and Robert Reysyn, chaplain, were lately seised of 13 messuages, 8 bovates, and 40 acres of land, 60 acres of meadow, 80 acres of wood, and Ios. 8d, of rent, with appurtenances in Over Whyston, Gylthewayte, Morthyng, Newall, Southawe, Roderham, Brimesford, Braythewell, Wath, Wombwell, and Wodhouse in demesne as of fee, which Henry de Stafford and Robert Reysyn so then seised, delivered, demised, and by that charter confirmed the said messuages, &c., which lately they had by the gift and enfeoffment of John Talbot, knight, to the aforesaid late Earl of Shrewsbury in this writ named and to Elizabeth his wife still living, by the names of John Talbot, knight, son and heir of John Earl of Shrewsbury and of Elizabeth his wife, to have and to hold the same messuages, lands, meadow, wood, and rent, with appurtenances, to the same late earl named in the said writ and Elizabeth and the heirs of this John or their assigns for ever; by virtue of which surrender, demise, and confirmation the said late earl and Elizabeth were then seized in their demesne, namely, the late earl as of fee, and the said Elizabeth as of free tenement, and the late earl died Seised of such estate jointly seised with his wife Elizabeth, who still survives.” The value of these messuages and lands, &c., is returned at 40s." Institution of Richard Horner to Chantry of Holy Cross. 16 May, 1487." Will of Thomas Webster, of Rotherham. 5 April 1490. I, Thomas Webster, of Rotherham, of sound mind and whole memory, ordain my will in this manner: First, I give and leave my soul to Almighty God, to the Blessed Virgin, and all Saints, my body to be buried in the Parish Church of Rotherham, and my best animal in name of my mortuary. Also, I bequeath to the Abbot and Convent * Inq. Ad. Quod Damnum, I 1 Henry IV., No. 54 (A.D. 1409). * Rolls of Parliament, 23 Henry VI, Vol. V., p.88 (A.D. 1444). * Apportus. Any emolument given for the support of him who has the cure of the church.-Ducange. i.e., The portion set aside for that purpose when the church was appropriated. i.e., The reversion would fall in after the death of Henry. * Inquis. Post Mortem, 33 Henry VI., No. 33, m. 20 (an. I455). * Inquis. Post Mortem, 38 and 39 Henry VI., No. 58 (A.D. 1460). * Registers of the Archbishops of York.-Rotherham, Book 23, fo. 122. 38 330th crijam. of Rufford, 204; to the high altar of Rotherham, 20d.; to the making of a bridge called Rotherbryg, 20s. ; to the making of the king's highway leading between Rotherham and Rawmarsh, 20s. Also to the making of a road called Welgate, in Rotherham, 3s. 4d. Also, to twelve paupers of Sheffield, 12d. Also, I leave to the making of a road called Ardesley lane, 2Od. Also, I leave to John Webster, my brother, 20s. Also, I leave my mother 40s. ; to Katherine Webster, seven marks. Also, I will that all my goods be divided into three parts, viz.: one part for myself; the second part for Margaret, my wife; and the third part for my children; and whatever might be over from my part shall be divided between William, Thomas, Elizabeth, John, and Ann, my children, whom I ordain and make my true executors, that they, having the fear of God before their eyes, may dispose discharge for the health of my soul, as may best seem to them. Also, I ordain and make Thomas Webster, of Gunthwait, and John Ospryng, supervisors of this my testament, so that my will may be faithfully fulfilled, and each of them shall have for his trouble, 40s. Witnesses, John Greenwood, Vicar of Rotherham; John Webster, sub- deacon; Thomas Elys, and many others. Proved 6 July, 1490, at Scroby.” Institution of John Kirkall, perpetual vicar of Parish Church of Rotherham, vacant by resignation of John Grenewod, on presentation of the Abbot and Convent of Rufford. I6 May, 1494.” Extracts from the “Inquisitiones Nonarum” follow, serving to depict statistically the state of the district at that period, say 500 years ago. As these are curious and of considerable interest, several neighbouring places are given in the order they appear in the Roll for this part of Yorkshire. £resentments from jinguisitiones ſºomarum.” Presentments of the value of the ninth of sheeves, fleeces, and lambs, viz., as well of lay as of ecclesiastics and religious persons, as also of the fifteenth of the goods of merchants, and others not living by agriculture, in part of the West-riding of co. York, viz., for the Wappentake of Ansty, Barkeston, Osgoldcross, Stayncross, Strafforth, and the liberty of Tykhill, made before the prior of St. Oswald and Francis de Barneby, two assessors and sellers of the said ninth and fifteenth in the same West-riding. ābūptstan.--Taxed at ſIo, one mark.-They present that the ninth of the sheeves, fleeces, and lambs of the whole parish of Whytstan is worth this year ſlo, sold for so much and no more. Also they present that there is no trader within the said parish, nor anyone getting a living except by agriculture. . &Ireton.-Taxed at 20 marks.-Of this parish Richard de Treton, William Norys, John Son of Hugh, Roger Vescy, John Bynny, Geoffry son of Robert, Hugh Bakester, Ralph de Halle, William Chappeman, Robert Hawot, John Sussan, and Robert Hardiman, sworn for this upon their oath, present by indentures made between themselves and the said prior and his companions, and sealed alternately, that the ninth of sheeves, fleeces, and lambs, of all the said parish is worth this year ſIo, then sold for £13. 6s. 8d., and not more; that the income of the said church consists in the endowment of the church in rent, Lenten dues, tithes of hay, and other small tithes, which are worth five marks a year. Also they present that there is not anyone a merchant, nor getting a living, except by agriculture, within the said parish, who may have any goods or chattels. ecclesfield.—Taxed at 175 marks—The parishioners of which, viz., John of the Wood, Adam Cressevyll senior, Adam Elis, Adam le Sumpter, John de Brightonlegh, William de Morton, Adam de Haukesworth, William son of Henry Coo, Peter de Ughtibrigg, Henry * Registers of the Archbishops of York —Rotherham, Book 23, fo. 34o". b Ibid, fo. 8o. * I 5 Edward III. (A.D. 1342), pp. 219, 222, 223 of the edition printed by the Record Commission. 3 m tient 3&ntijerijam, 39 de Hertelay, Henry de Cresewyk, and Richard le Shoter, present upon oath, by indenture between themselves and the said prior and his companions made and alternately signed, that the ninth of the sheeves, fleeces, and lambs of all the said parish is worth this year £69. Os. 4d., and no more, that the revenue of the said church consists in endowment of 2 carucates of land worth £4 a year, of 30 acres of meadow worth 60s, a year, and of rent ſII. I 5s. Iod., in tithe of hay, which is worth ſo a year, in offerings, tithes, Lenten dues, and other small tithes, which are worth £19. 12s. 8d, a year, and in mortuaries 5 marks. Also, they present that Robert de Lynn, trader, has in merchandize Io marks, so that there pertains to the king for fifteenth 8s. Iošd. Also, they present that Nicholas de Cunnesden has in merchandize 5 marks, so there pertains to the king for fifteenth 4s. 53d. Also, they present that Robert Redeser has in merchandize 30s., so that 2s. pertains to the king for fifteenth. Also, they present that John de Cunnesdon has in merchandize 5 marks, so that 4s. 53d pertains to the king for fifteenth. Also, they present that there are not many who are traders within the said parish, nor getting a living except by agriculture. .# - ſiautómergije:-Taxed at £12.—The parishioners, viz., Robert Munk, Hugh de Rauthmershe, William de Hestelay, William de Rauthmershe, Robert de Grenehill, William de Thorp, William Philip, William Messanger, Robert de Driffeld, Richard le Whyte, Robert Gerard and Ivo of the Hill present on oath by indentures made between themselves and the Prior of St. Oswald and his companions, and alternately signed, that the ninth of sheeves, fleeces, and lambs for the whole parish is worth this year ſé, and not more, that the revenue of the church consists of an endowment, which is worth yearly 40s., and in tithes of hay, offerings, and other small tithes, which are worth £4. They present that there is no trader in the said parish, nor any one getting a living except by agriculture. Ǻrnbergh.--Taxed at Io marks,—The parishioners, viz., Thomas son of Alan, John Cocus, Peter de Wickersley, Will. Emcus, John of the Grene, Adam Bercar, John Yole, Will. Gudale, John son of Richard Bate, Richarde de Addewyk, present that the ninth of sheeves, fleeces, and lambs for the whole parish is worth this year 108s. 8d. and not more, that the revenue of the church consists in offerings, tithes, Lenten dues, and other small tithes, which are worth yearly 43s. 4d., and in a dower of 40 acres of land, which is worth yearly 30s. - Also, they present that there is no trader within the said parish, nor any one living except by agriculture. iſionerſ;am.-Taxed at 67 marks.-The parishioners, viz., Will. Siward, John of the Mapples, Hugh Ponay, Simon le Lycester, John Barbot, Adam of the Ker, Thomas Mundesder, John Loseland, Symon son of Henry, Laurence de Rosyington, John de Ullay, Gilbert de Pokenhale, Laurence de Dalton, William Pexi, William Norice, Adam Tagge, Ivo de Rauthmershe, and William Heryng, sworn to this, present upon oath, that the ninth of sheeves, fleeces, and lambs, for the whole parish are worth this year ſ29. 35. 3d. and not more; that the revenue of the church is in tithes, Lenten dues, the offerings of two vicarages, which are worth Io marks a year, that the tithe of mills is worth 4os., that the dowry in rent of the church is worth yearly £4. 19s. 4d., the profits of the court are worth 20s., and the tithes of hay this year are worth ſé. I 3s. 4d., and the pension of the prior of Lewes 33s. 4d. There are in the parish 700 acres of land, of which some are taxed at 3d., and a ninth of which are not worth 2d. Also, they present that Adam de Hawlay has in merchandize Ioos., whereof a fifteenth [to the king] is 6s. 8d. And that Richard Tannator has in merchandize Io marks, whereof to the king for fifteenth 8s. Iošd. And that there is none other in the said parish living by anything but agriculture and work. - 4O 330th crijam. It is not always easy to reconcile, or make consistent with each other the different statistical evidences of the state of the provinces as to the position and possessions of the inhabitants at very nearly the same period of time. In the preceding statement two merchants are returned, “and there are none other in the said parish living by anything but agriculture and work.” Thirty-six years after, we learn from the subsidy roll next following, that for the town I 18 shillings is levied, and that a good many of the householders employ, and pay for servants, male and female, and John de Berneslay for three, we have a number of Websters, and Bakers, Taylors, Draper, Shoemaker, Smiths, Shermen, Ironmonger, Spicer, Lyster, which would now rank as tradesmen, so that it may be assumed the town was in a higher position as such. àubsity riotſ, or poli Car." The following document relates to one of the most perturbed periods of English history. Notably as one of strong contrasts, and violent changes. The life and labours of Wycliffe were coming to a close, but were leaving behind a trail of glory to grow brighter and brighter throughout all time. From causes, it may be, not altogether commendable in themselves, the last links of British serfdom were being broken, and a class, who, with their families, could have been sold as chattels with the land, were securing their manumission throughout the length and breadth of the country. On the dark side, the contrast was correspondingly marked. The peasants in revolt, set at defiance all existing rule, and broke up all old constituted relations between master and man. The Black-death, described as “the most terrible visitation the world ever witnessed,” and from the ravages of which one-half of the then population of from three to four millions, perished, paralysed hope or effort in those who still lived. This ghastly alliance of revolt and disease, plunged the whole kingdom into one vast ferment of anarchy, desolation, and despair. The crops rotted on the ground unreaped, and the land lay untilled for want of hands, occasioned by the terrible destruction of life by the plague on the one hand, and the life and death struggle between the owner and the tiller of the soil on the other. Such were the circumstances which marked this desperate state of affairs; which, as if not sufficient to involve total wreck, were aggravated by a disastrous French war on land, and by the ignominy of a fleet vanquished by the Spaniards at sea. Desperate cases require desperate remedies, and as a crowning mischief, Parliament granted a fresh subsidy to be levied as a poll tax on every person in the realm, “being of the age of 16, not notorious mendicants,” and the names which follow comprise the list on which this obnoxious and tumult—raising tax was levied at Rotherham. The terrific episode of Wat Tyler's rebellion, with all its fearful mingling together of revolting outrage and horror on the one hand, and of intrepid deed, and heroic achievement on the other, and these not all on one side; and which raised so large a portion of the counties south of the Thames in desperate revolt, and wrapped so many cities in flames, was the dread result of this iniquitously unequal tax. As usual, it was not, in the end, without its rich compensations, in redressing the gross inequalities and injustice which had so long existed between landlord and labourer. Although the tax met with * Subsidy Roll, 2 Rich. II. (A.D. 1378), 206/49, m. 5. York (West Riding). 3 m tient 33 oth crijam. . . 4. I universal condemnation the opposition to it does not appear to have been manifested in uprising or tumult in other parts of the kingdom, and certainly not in this. The population of Rotherham towards the end of the fourteenth century, say I 378-9, would seem to have included about 360 inhabitants of I6 years of age. According to the mode of computation adopted with respect to the inhabitants of Rotherham at the time of the dissolution of the Abbey of Rufford, of adding one half more for persons under 14 years of age, this would give a population at this period of 540 ; and as at the time of the dissolution referred to, it is stated that there were 2,000 “houseling people,” or in the whole a population of 3,000, the increase in the space of 160 years must have been unusually important. Nor is this surprising, for in the meanwhile, under the munificent fostering care of Archbishop Rotherham, the church, from its now finished external beauty, and its internal gorgeous altar services and celebra- tions, had assumed the imposing state and attractive charm of a local minster; whilst the building of the College of Jesus, and the rare benefits accruing from it, to all ranks and conditions, must have drawn to Rotherham at this auspicious period a large influx of persons, both clerical and lay, to participate in the privileges so freely provided, and in the prosperity thereby promoted. Extract from Subsidy Roll of 2 Rich. II.” Town of Rotherham. Col. 1. William Lyster and Agnes his wife, Lyster . º º tº . xij" John his servant tº to º o o e e e & iii;" Alice his servant . º e & º º º º 9. . iiij" Robert Hogges and Joanna his wife . º º g º º iii;" John Nutte & Agnes his wife . . tº 9. º e . iij" Peter de Fetherstane & Isabella his wife . e * ve © iiij" Robert Kene & Elena his wife . e © º g g . iiij" Thomas Prentys & Alice his wife º c e g e o iiij" Joanna Foughle . º & º iii;" Nicholas Taylor & Isabella his wife ę g g º o iii." John Pereson & Joanna his wife, Taylor . gº -> o e . vi" Ralph of the Schaghe [? Schaw or wood] . g e º º iiij". Jul. Taylor . e e e 9. º e º 3. e . iiij" Joanna daughter of the same . © * º ſº iii;" John servant of Adam Symmeson & Alice his wife . º º . iiij" Richard Chapman & Joanna his wife, Spicer © tº º o vj" William Bugge & Alice his wife, Bakester o 9. º g . xij" John de Berneslay & Elizabeth his wife . g 6. º º iii;" Robert his servant g e e © © º º 6. . iiij" Walter his servant . o e © o tº e e º iiij" * [“This is one of the most complete and valuable that 53 rolls have been delivered to the collectors, ‘in of the whole body of the Subsidy Rolls, and consists which the names of all persons in the West Riding of 53 membranes. The indenture between the assessors being of the age of 16, and not notorious mendicants, and collectors of the subsidy for the West Riding, is and the sums charged on each according to their state dated Doncaster, Monday next after Feast of the and degree are fully set down.’”—MS. Note in Calen- Exaltation of the Cross, 3 Richard II., and witnesses dar of Subsidy Rolls, at Public Record Office.] 6 42 330th crijam. William his servant Matilda Candeler William de Wynkelay & Christiana his wife Thomas Mason . . e º Richard de Palden & Cecily his wife John his son . º º © © Adam Symmeson & Alice his wife, Souter" Beatrice Skinner . o • © John Webster & Agnes his wife . º John Wykir & Letitia his wife, Shereman John Wykir & Agnes his wife, Shereman Joanna Swerdsliper . o e William Wykyn & Katherine his wife William his servant . John Suenesone & Alice his wife . e John Cady & Letitia his wife . e e William de Wolehouse & Margaret his wife, Ironmanger . John de Wynteworth © tº & B tº Robert Warde & Joanna his wife . John de Chesterfield & Joan his wife . Richard Taylor & Emma his wife, Taylor Alice his maid servant -> © º Adam Mawher and Agnes his wife . John his son . © © e Ralph Lyster and Juliana his wife . Thomas his servant William Kene & Margaret his wife, Osteler Alice his maid servant Alice Marschall ſº • º o g John Lovetes [or Louot & Alice his wife, Walkere Isabell his daughter e s Alice his maid servant © • . o John Gardiner & Beatrice his wife, Walker . Emma Bugges . © º John Milner. º e e e William Mennotes & Custance his wife Roger Sparowe & Joanna his wife William Pawesome & Joanna his wife . Elizabeth Chaloner John Chaloner his son John his servant º s º g • a Richard de Mapelbek & Beatrice his wife, Webester Richard Palmer, Masome g e º º Letitia his maid. º > º e • John de Riggeby & Elizabeth his wife, Taylor * i.e., Shoemaker, vj ºo->oºººº ddddddddd V] -->->e*9.©•º-e ddddddddddd dddddddddd v] £n ctent 38 oth crijam. 43 Col. 2. Margaret de Brampton . • * * Henry del Kerre & Beatrice his wife, Webester Robert de Addewykes & Beatrice his wife, Smyth John his servant . . • e ge ve Robert de Hundeschelfs Isabell Nettemaker tº º o William Kanner & Isabell his wife Simon his brother & wº Robert de Rodes and Isabell his wife . tº Robert Wyker & Margaret his wife, Webester. Richard Schaloner, Alice his wife, Couerle wever Ad. Celeman, Joan his wife . sº John Wright, Ceilc. (?) his wife . Robert his servant e • e Henry de Estwode, Alice his wife, Taylor John his son g g *g William Hering, Joanna his wife Gilbert Kyrkman, Joanna his wife . John Kyrkman, Joanna his wife Godfrayd, Agnes his wife . e s Agnes Hylswadoghter [? his daughter] William Wahh, Joanna his wife Peter Carter, Joanna his wife William Hunschelf, Agnes his wife John Braunton, Elisabeth his wife John his son g - Joanna his maid-servant Eliseus Walsh, Alice his wife. Ibota Arkmaker 43 g Robert Godde, Elena his wife Matilda Swynherd Thomas Tubb, Souter . Matilda Tubb . Ibota Waferer William Sclatter Elena his maid-servant Thomas Godeale . * x © & & John Mersburgh, Elisotº his wife, Marchant Alice his maid-servant sº William Wahh $º Rosa a maid, John Mershburges John Carter his servant, Alice his wife Robert Godde . • . > William Ledbeter, Elena his wife Robert Schapman, Marjory his wife . * Query, does this name, which occurs several times, mean Elisabeth 44 330th crijam. John Delhome & e John de Dalton, Emma his wife. © William Lambbe, Marjory his wife, Smyth John de Wyrsoppe, Joanna his wife William his servant & $º & Robert de Bolum, Ibota his wife, Marchant Robert his servant, Alice his wife . # Col. 3. Henry de Bolum, Agnes his wife, Ostoler Alice his maid-servant e e John Bugg, Emma his wife º Robert Marschall, Alice his wife, Smyth . William his servant e tº g David Walscheman, Margaret his wife John Barbot e g Ralph Ponay, Cristiana his wife 'Nicholas Bakster, Cristiana his wife, Baker . William Hayward, Margaret his wife Nicholas Palden, Agnes his wife, Draper David Walschman his servant. Alice his maid servant © © Robert Ferour, Joanna his wife, Smyth Margaret Garlek Agnes her daughter ſº iº John de Wyntwerth, Clementina his wife, Taylor . Thomas le dey de Estwode, Marjory his wife . Joanna his daughter . gº . . . Richard Folyot, Lucy his wife, Walker . Custance daughter of Lucy Agnes her daughter Robert Law, Draper Agnes his maid John his son . g Robert Bradlay, Alice his wife, Bakester. John Mode . . . . John Wyot, Elisot his wife . John his servant . & g John de Estwode, Agnes his wife . John Wynne . tº ſº & Richard Cresuill, Cristiana his wife Thomas Bakester, Beatrice his wife, Osteler. Thomas his servant Margaret his maid-servant tº William Dellawhe, Cicily his wife . Thomas Butchar, Agnes his wife William Butchar, Johanna his wife William Kene, Ibota his wife 3 m tient 33 ſtij trijam. 45 Agnes wife of Mathew e e e e g e º . iii," Matilda his daughter º te te º o e º º iiij" William of Baddesworth, Margeret his wife, Bakester . º . iii," Thomas his servant . º e tº e ſº g e º iiij" John de Dreton, Juliana his wife, Taillor º tº tº © vi" John Fox, Marjory his wife, Smyth . . . . . . vj" Agnes his maid-servant . e 9. tº e & º . iiij" William Moton, Idonia his wife e º º s e e iiij" Richard Sparkes, Alice his wife, Sadeler . tº º º e vj" Matilda Broune . tº a , e. * * º e e o iii;" Katherine her daughter º * º º º e o . iiij" Elisot del Peke o e ſº e e e e e - iiij" John de Mapples, Alice his wife, Scymmer . . . . . v.;" Thomas Bolashegh, Alice his wife . º . . iiij" John Forssaund, Isabell his wife . te º te e - iij" Symon Gardinerman, Margaret his wife . tº º e & iiij" Eliseus (Carpenter)" Cartwryth, Elesot his wife tº © º vi" William his son . º gº º t ſº & ſº e iiij" John Mabill, Emma his wife, Drapor . © . . . º . xij" John de Palden, Issabell his wife, Berker" . º e x1d Margaret his daughter . e e e . e e & . iii," Cibell his maid e o º e tº º º g iiij" Richard Plummar, Agnes his wife . º e e e º . iij" Joanna his daughter . e e e e º • º º iiij" John Houll . e e º e e - º - - . iiij" Alan Webster, Emma his wife, Webster - - e • • vj Alice Herynge . o • . e - tº • * . iij" Eliseus (or Elisot) Adam . - te e e º e te iiij" Beatrice Barbot . º tº g e º ſº © º . iii," Agnes, Gef doyghter . º tº e º • e © tº iiij" John Crane & Alice his wife . tº e º g º © . iiij" John Dolfyn & Agnes his wife . e o e º e e iiij" John de Rufforth, Emma his wife . e º e e e . iiij" Adam Skotte, Beatrice his wife . e º º º e * iiij" Rosa Cartewryth, Maltemaker e º e te . . v;" Alice her maid . º - º e ... • tº tº e tº iiij" Elizabeth Crane . e o tº o e é . e . iiij" John Gryse, Agnes his wife º e o e e e iiij" William de Mapples, Margaret his wife, Berker tº e & . ij Rosa his daughter . º e e º e e iiij" John his son . © º e e te e e . . iiij" Thomas Breustar . & o e © tº tº º & iiij" Roger servant of William Mapples e º g º tº . iiij" * This word is inserted, it seems to mean “Eliseus Greenstreet makes it “Eliseus Carpenter, Cartwryth.” - 22 & tº - Cartwright, carpenter.” In the “Yorkshire Archaeo- ° i.e., a Tanner. logical and Topographical Journal,” Vol. 5, p. 27, Mr. 46 3&nth crijam. Richard Lofland [...] Losland . . . . . . . iij Robert Savage, Matilda his wife . º º g g iiij" Richard Note, Joanna his wife . . . . . . . iii; Elena daughter of Walter . tº e º © e to . iij" John Prentis, Eilianora his wife * * * * * * iii;" Robert de Roderham, Alice his wife . o º º º . iii." John Legge, Taylor . º o & º o º o * vj" William de Bramton . . . . . . . . . . iii; John Frere g º tº º e & º º º iiij" Robert Cartowryth, Cartewryth . . . . . . . v;" Alice his maid - . . . . • e º {y t; iiij" Robert Bugge, Emma his wife . & © & tº º . iiij" William Pekalman, Fleswer . . . . . . . . vj" John his servant . © tº wº © • , , wº o . iij" Adam Spicer, Elizabeth his wife, Spicer . . . . . vi" Alice his maid e e e e . & e º . iiij" Beatrice Atyewell . © . . ſº & e º & iii;" Roger Westryn, Amicia his wife . e . * & Q 9 . iiij" Thomas Wryth, Beatrice his wife g e • . © e iiij" William his servant . . . . . . . . . iii," Joanna Buldour © º º e • c 9. º & iiij" Katherine Skynner e o o º o e g . iiij" Gilbert Barker, Christiana his wife . tº º © o º iiij" Cicily Baker e o e o © º & º Q . iiij" William Schepe, Cicily his wife, Smyth tº & • . Q vi" William Baker, Baker . - e * } ſº * e º . ij Marjory his maid . . . . . . . . . iii," Ibota his daughter . . º e º º tº * e . iiij" Robert his servant . © © & & g Q tº © iiij" John Loueday . o e sº o º º g so . iii," William Kneyte, Margery his wife . . . e -> . . iii;" Richard Baker, Elena his wife tº © tº & . . . . iiij" John Colt, Katherine his wife . º º e e . . iii;" John his son © • • * o © * ë º . iij" Richard Butwhayt, Joanna his wife . gº & º «» {} iii." Agnes his daughter º c o º -> o G º . iii," Magota Bugge • © o • ge • o e ... iii," Joanna her maid . . . e & º © º & & . iiij" Robert Sadeler, Emma his wife . º g o © o <> iii;" Summa—cxviii” We have already noticed the considerable advance made by the manor of Rotherham from the return made in Domesday Book to the date of the grant (1252) or charter of John de Vescy to the monks of Rufford; and now after it had been in their possession nearly one hundred years, we find from the ſoregoing presentment, significant evidence of still greater prosperity, but as yet still 3 m tient 33 ſtij trijam. - 47 largely connected with agricultural pursuits as the sole means of subsistence. But homesteads and surrounding enclosures, or rather individual landmarks or open fields, had largely extended, and were the condition mainly maintained at a period much later than this. The foregoing presentments afford very gratifying evidence of the recuperative power of a community, when the scourges of invasion, or of civil contention, or of imperial oppression, have ceased to divert industrial energies, and to destroy and devastate the homes and holdings, on which these labours have been expended. - The altered and elevated condition of a striving and settled population becomes progressively apparent on every hand—huts are improved into comfortable habitations, multiplied openings and enlarged dimensions of arable land are won from the surrounding forests, strips of moorland waste wave with golden grain, and the noxious morass becomes the rich pasturage of the green low-lying holmes covered with flocks and herds, from amongst which the neighbouring native wolf loses no opportunity of maintaining his free forest rights. - Progress has its perils, and aggregation of numbers and accumulations of wealth have the usual concomitant drawbacks of a higher civilization, seen in predatory infringements of proprietary rights and privileges, in robberies of all such way- farers by the so-called “minions of the moon,” as unfortunately fell into their unscrupulous hands, or in plunderings from wandering bands of outlaws who took advantage of the unsuspicious and uncircumspect occupants of unprotected homesteads. That these troublesome occurences were not unfrequent and that extremest means were had recourse to, to protect the people and punish the offender, is shown by the right of “gallows” being enjoyed by so small a community as the hamlet of Whiston. The charter of the Abbot of Rufford gave him the amplest means of dealing with “every kind of judgment and fines for all transgressions, as well from malefactors, as against the assize of bread and ale, weights and measures, and with arrest and imprisonment of malefactors, found in the said lands, tene- ments, and markets,” and the means of punishment of these malefactors included the right of pillory, infangtheof, and gallowes, and more than one instance of “beheading” has been before adduced. - No doubt but that free-booting practices would considerably prevail, and also that a more than sufficient disregard of human life would render punishment at once prompt and preclusive of further offence. The abbots and monastery of Rufford are indissolubly identified with the earliest known civilization, ecclesiastical rule, and secular governance of Rotherham. In illustration of which all accessible documentary authority having been given, we now find the abbots apparently incontestably enjoying and improving their domain of the manor of Rotherham. - - Public records seem comparatively silent for the next century with respect to this locality, and the connection of the monastery with it, and we can only assume that the rapid progress of the nation was in degree shared by the district of South Yorkshire. Very wonderful changes were gradually taking place. The religious houses were assuming grand dimensions, elaborate architectural design, and richest adornment. Christian art in numerous ecclesiastical establishments throughout all the land reached its highest beauty. The priest abbot became the princely prelate, and the spiritual care of the people was exchanged for the highest dignities of the State. The great barons, relieved from intestine broils and exhausting foreign 48 - $ntijerijam. warfare, emulated the lavish expenditure of the Church in even loftier towers and turrets, serving, as the case might be, as a protection or as a menace to the sur- rounding towns. The towns also were asserting rights and obtaining privileges of no mean order. Villeinage was being effaced, and the instances were becoming rare, in which the labourers remained the property of the lords. The costly living and large retinue of the lords created frequent needs, and made a manu- mission for cash payments therefore serviceable for both sides. In an illuminated pedigree of the Wortley family, of the age of Elizabeth, in the possession of the Earl of Wharncliffe, a drawing is introduced of Sir Nicholas de Wortley (who died 1360) surrounded by his tenants, who are receiving apparently with great satisfaction a charter of enfranchisement from his hands. From the muniments of Sir Joseph Copley, Bart. of Sprotbrough, I am enabled to furnish a specimen of one of these deeds of manumission. Omnibus Christi fidelibus hoc praesens scriptum visuris vel audituris Willielmus fitz William de Sproteburgh armiger salutem in Domino sempiternam, Noveritis me manu- misisse et ab omni jugo servitutis liberasse Johannem Plumptre de Rotington nativum meum pro quadam summa pecuniae quam michi dedit prae manibus ita quod liber homo sit cum tota sequela sua bonisque mobilibus et immobilibus imperpetum. Concedo autum eidem Johanni cum tota sequela Sua procreata et procreanda, plenam licentiam eundi, habitandi et redeundi super feodum meum ubicunque prout decet hominem liberae conditionis et fidelis sine perturbatione mei vel haeredum meorum. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum meum apposui. His testibus, Johanne Clarell, Willielmo Chaworth, armigero, Willielmo Capron, rectore ecclesiae de Plumptre, et multis alús. Datum apud Sproteburgh primo die mensis Decembris, anno inchoatione regni regis Henrici Sexti quadragesimo nono, et re adeptionis regiae potestatis Suae anno primo." The rights of justice, of local self-government, and local taxation were gaining ground, and significant signs being developed that the secular jurisdictions exercised by monastic authorities were tottering to their fall. An intermediate, and soon to be a knightly class of large landholders, was gradually assuming great influence, and their large establishments, spacious for entertainment, or strong for defence, dominated over many a wide desmesne. - In reaching the grandest and gravest portion of our history, that of the Church, of which the House of Rufford in time acquired the entire right, we have necessarily in some sort to retrace our steps, and yet again glance at the state of monastic life, character, and influence, as affecting the social and spiritual condition of the labouring, or land cultivating population, as presented to us in the “Inquisitiones Nonarum.” Also, as at a later period, when the vastly advancing prosperity of the country was manifested on every hand by all ranks and conditions promptly perceiving and resolutely claiming their appropriate portion in the higher political and social life which had been so long withheld. On the one hand, withheld by imperial despotism from the nobles; and on the other, by the nobles with their serfdom, from the born cultivators of the soil. There yet have to be bloody outbreaks, convulsions which shall shake the land from shore to shore, but the dismal periods of kingly despotism and the dark incubus of baronial oppression have been penetrated by supernal light, and must pass, like darkness before the dawn of day. * 1470. “Diary of Abraham De la Pryme,” page 172, note " Surtees Society, 1870, edited by Charles /ackson, Doncaster. 3 m tient 3&nth crijam. 49 It does not seem inappropriate, before the connection of the House of Rufford with the town and church of Rotherham is severed, that some speculation should be ventured on as to what portion of its present appearance the church owes to them. They came into possession of them about the middle of the 13th century; they were dispossessed in the 16th–they had for more than two and a half centuries the enjoyment of these manorial and ecclesiastical possessions, rights, and privileges. In what state did they find the church and to what extent was it altered, enlarged, or otherwise improved during the long tenure of the rich House of Rufford Actual evidence on the important point seems to be so scant, as to leave the question open to the wide and wild field of surmise. Although obstructing the course of history, yet, as this seems to be the most proper place in which this question can be raised, and claims on their behalf advanced, this will be best accomplished by extracts from a paper by the Rev. j. T. F. Aldred, on “Historical Associations of Rotherham Church,” read before the Rotherham Literary and Scientific Society, March 1st, 1875. He enquires “Was the church there when William's minions, Earl Mortain and Nigel Fossard, turned out the Saxon Acun from his manor of Rotherham, for by many instances we know Norman architecture preceded Norman conquest, it did not come in all cases as a consequence of the conquest ? % ºk *k $ Šk “There is nothing unlikely in this, for bear in mind Rotherham was a manor before Domesday; there were not many manors without their churches; it would hardly have been worth the giving by the Conqueror to Earl Mortain without its ecclesiastical property and appanages. Well, if this be so, that there was a church, first Saxon, then Norman, in which those capitals crowned the pillars, then set down to the honour and glory of our long-lived old church that it has comprised and represented in its time every phase of ecclesiastical architecture, from Saxon, or at least early Norman, to the latest perpendicular, an unbroken succession of art and skill, which few places or edifices (except our cathedrals) can boast.” - Mr. Aldred thinks “we get to safe footing and solid ground somewhere about the end of the 11th century when we take our stand upon the floor of the Norman Church.” He notices several advances which must have taken place during the rule of the Normans,” who reared a vast number of churches in England within two centuries of the Conquest.” After the chancel “the central tower with its clustered piers, fan-vaulted roof, and decorated windows must be held as the next addition” removing the “incongruity of an early English church reared against a Norman tower.” “Now to whom is it fair to ascribe this great step in the progressive architectural devolopment of our Church I think to the monks of Rufford and Clairvaux who about this time had settled down upon their new possessions. * # Well now this would occur about the middle or rather later in the reign of the 1st Edward, when decorated work was beginning largely to prevail, the monks of Rufford and Clairvaux would catch up the prevailing taste, and erect westward of the early English chancel, the lower part of the present tower (not tower and spire) of our church, which certainly in its piers and windows claims the decorated forms about them. What more likely, when a Lexington was patron of Rufford and another Lexington (his brother) was an abbot of Clairvaux, they should out of common gratitude for this new possession, which they shared in common, evince their thankfulness by this addition to the church of which they were joint patrons.” - 7 5O . 330th crijam. Mr. Aldred argues very closely, from a careful scrutiny of the appearance of the architecture of the different portions of the structure, that after the abbot of Clairvaux had commuted his claim, and especially after the House of Rufford had acquired the entire of the church, they were thereby stimulated to proceed with most important improvements and additions, to the effect that “the early English nave and transepts would disappear; yet not altogether nor at one time did they denude and strip the central tower * but deliberately with a fixed and definite plan which should direct to one harmonious whole, both their own work and that of their successors.” Mr. Aldred gives at some length, and with considerable cogency, his views as to the manner in which the building progressed under the House of Rufford, and the order in which the aisles, chapels, and transepts were erected or enlarged, adding “ that to the same architectural era we may safely assign the spire, which probably completed this their grand and successful effort, an effort which very likely spread itself over several years of the middle of the 15th century.” We must be content for the present to leave the case for the monks of Rufford in the able hands of Mr. Aldred with the impression that he has made out the best case for them that can be made out, however in another place herein it may be questioned, if not controverted. But it is only fair to add that the brief abstract of Mr. Aldred's paper here given affords a very tame and inadequate notion of the evidence adduced, and the reasoning urged thereon, in support of the views adopted by him. * Without consideration and without examination the principal part of the noble structure of Rotherham Church has been ascribed to the greatest benefactor of the town, Archbishop Rotherham. Hunter deals with the question more curtly and with less caution than is usual with him. He says “the Church of Rotherham appears to have been built from the foundations by him,” but as stated by Mr. Aldred “the minutest details of his great work in founding Jesus College are fully set out, and a variety of circumstances connected with his archiepiscopate of York carefully related, and that his biographers who were so careful to cull everything that could redound to his honour, who collected their information on the spot, who could tell of the kitchens, the breweries, the bakeries he erected, who dwelt affectionately upon the records of his daily life, that they should not have known if he shared in the building of our church, or if they had known should not record it (and they knew all about his connection with it) seems to me difficult to believe.” This is strongly if not decisively put, and it does seem that whatever he might do towards making the services of the church attractive to the grandest extreme of gold and silver and curiously wrought utensils for the altar, gorgeous vestments for the chantry priests, and the accom- paniment of a choir, yet that as far as the edifice is concerned there is no record of his munificent hand being engaged in it. The important details of Mr. Aldred's paper must be reluctantly omitted, but in corroboration of his view we have evidence from the records at York to the following effect. From Torre’s “Archdeaconry of York” we find that Eustachius de Rotherham was instituted vicar of Rotherham 16th July, 1296, the first recorded vicar, and appointed by the abbot of Rufford, so that it would seem there was no great loss of time on the part of the House of Rufford in instituting the first vicar, and Ønt tent 33 nth ºrijam. 5 I promoting means for the “repair of the church and tower,” and that the next century shows them intent on the same object. - In 1300 there is a Commission at York addressed to Eustace, the vicar of Rotherham, on behalf of the repairs of the church and tower, and in 1409 an indulgence of forty days for the same purpose, a translation of which is here- under given. Archbishop Bowett's* Register, Book 18, fo. 896. A Monition made to the parishioners of Roderham to contribute to the erection of a bell- tower to their church with an Indulgence at the end. - 14O9. Henry, &c. To our beloved in Christ the perpetual vicar of the parish Church of Roderham in our diocese—health, grace, and benediction. On the part of certain parishioners of the parish Church of Roderham complaining, it has seemed to us, that since the campanile of the said church is to be built from its foundation, and new, and that as to its re-building and completion the complainers and their fellow-parishioners have willingly assigned for the expenses the rates, tenements, and rents, which are held for that purpose in that parish. Yet some parishioners have wrongfully refused to contribute of their tenements and rents, according to the assessment or contribution, made on that behalf for the making and completing the aforesaid building and repair, to the manifest prejudice and hurt of that bell-tower. - - Wherefore we charge and command you jointly and separately that, first finding out the names of those who resist and rebel against the premises, you or each of you effectually warn and induce the same not to omit, and without delay to contribute to the aforesaid construction and repairs out of their tenements and rents according to the method which has long been laudably observed in such cases. Otherwise that ye compel, or that each of you compel in our stead by ecclesiastical censures, all and singular those men as right or custom observed in the premises allows to make a reasonable contribution to the aforesaid construction and repair. Writing back to us when you or any of you is properly required on behalf of the said parishioners by your or their letters patent containing the list of those who have executed the present mandate. In order therefore that we more effectually rouse the minds of the faithful to the repair or construction of the said bell-tower by the alluring gifts of Indulgences, confiding in the immeasurable mercy of Almighty God, and of the Blessed Virgin, Mary his Mother, and also in the merits and prayers of Saints Peter and Paul his Apostles, also of the blessed confessors William, John, and Wilfrid, our patrons, together with those of all Saints. We grant, in the mercy of the Lord, to all our parishioners, and others, whose diocesans will ratify and accept this Indulgence of ours, being truly contrite, penitent, and shriven of their sins who give or bequeath any of the goods given to them by God, or in any other way afford assistance in charity to the repair and construction of the aforesaid bell-tower, forty days' Indulgence proportionately by these presents, to last only during our good pleasure. Given at the Priory of St. Oswald de Nostel (Nostell Priory) 14 June, 1409.” It will be seen from this that the surmise of Mr. Aldred as to the period when the central tower was in progress is borne out, and it may be assumed that as the beginning of the century witnessed the commencement of the erection of the bell-tower “from the foundation,” so the middle of the century might witness * Henry Bowet, or Bowett, was 49th Archbishop of York, from 1409 to 1423. He was buried at York. * A similar Monition and Indulgence were given for Wakefield at the same time and from the same place. 52 330th crijam. the perfected glory of this grand architectural achievement by the completion of the nave and the addition of the graceful spire, and on reconsideration, notwith- standing the silence of the Archbishop's biographers, in this case, Mr. Aldred thinks this may have been the Archbishop's work. This monition, &c., is valuable as conclusively settling the period and the persons at whose cost this most imposing and important portion of the fabric was completed, succeeded by regular progression, and in beautiful proportion, the rest of the sacred structure. In 1435 John Bolome, of Rotherham, leaves 20 marks to the fabric of the church. In 1452 Robert Lister, of Rotherham, leaves 13s. 4d. towards making the stalls in the church, and 13s. 4d. towards the paving. - - - - Refectory, Rufford Abbey. Üt Cºurtſ in Early Limes. “Answer the Britaines, famous for their zeale, To Gentyle Gods when such they did adore; So when the Heavens to Earth did Truth reveale, Bless'd was that Land with Truth and Learning's store; When British plaines and Cambria's desart ground And Cornwall’s crags with glorious Saints abound.” ==|HE disjointed nature of our narrative seems to involve some | recurrence to periods already described, in connection with subjects before treated of, and which, although separate subjects, have similar beginnings, while each seems to claim for itself monographic mention. And such is now the case. At so early a period as that of Edward the Confessor, this portion - of the Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, although still largely presenting vast Brigantian forest glades of mighty monarch oaks, and thick evergreen underwood, had yet so far yielded open spaces to human industry and intelligence as to contain no less than 186 towns, villages, and hamlets, with names which continue to them to this day with little change, and stranger still with little increase in their number. - To the Saxons is usually awarded the credit of thus settling down in permanent abodes, and of attaining habits of industrial improvement, and of a higher civilization. To them also has been attributed the yet more honourable distinction of having nationally turned from the darkest paganism to the worship of the true God, and of having with all the zeal of a real and influential change, become forthwith intent on providing for the due celebration of the services of the sanctuary, in such comparatively rude temples as their immediate means could compass. These, in the first instance, were most likely built of wood; hence timbering was the usual term for building then used. This was the case with York Minster, erected for the baptism of Edwin by Paulinus; but after his 54 3&ntijerijam. baptism he soon prepared to build a larger and nobler church. That this construction was built of wood, it is only proper to say, has been questioned;" and it has been inferred, from a variety of circumstances, that the churches of the British “were both handsome and numerous;” and that when the Saxons arrived here they found Britain adorned with all those superior buildings, which would naturally result from its being the favourite residence of some of the emperors and of the young Roman nobility. These edifices, says Gildas, were the first objects of their fury; “from the east to the west nothing was seen but churches burnt and destroyed to the foundations.” Bede speaking of a church built at Verulam, about A.D. 300, to commemorate the martyrdom of St. Alban, says “it was of admirable workmanship and worthy of the purpose for which it was designed.” However that may be, and strong confirmatory evidence is not wanting, it would now appear that the spirit of sacred restoration had succeeded that of sacrilegious rapine, and that the Saxons were now evidencing that change which is “from death unto life,” by loving and restoring those things which they formerly hated and destroyed. And yet, as corroborative of the opinion that the British had in some parts of the kingdom, made great progress in the erection of temples for the services of the Christian faith, we have an instance in so immediate a neighbourhood as that of Doncaster. The tale is told in another form in few words. “The pagan Saxons banded themselves together to arrest the progress of Christianity.” This year King Edwin (who is said to have had a palace at Doncaster) was slain by Cadwalla and Penda, and once more Christianity fell before the fierce onslaughts of the pagans, as with fire and sword they devastated the whole of Edwin’s kingdom, and tried to quench in blood the embers of Christianity which had survived. But it was not to be. The invading force in time became Christians themselves, and churches and monasteries were established throughout the length and breadth of the land. The North Humber Kingdom was rich in such edifices, of which the Saxon Church of Rotherham W2S OI) C. We have no description of the early construction of dwelling-houses at Rotherham, but we have of those of Doncaster of a comparatively recent date; and as it was in all respects by far the most considerable place, we cannot suppose that Rotherham would be differently constructed. Leland says “The whole town of Dancastre is builded of wodde, and the houses be slated, yet ther is great plenti of stone ther aboute.” At how recent a period wood was in general use in the erection of human habitations, and no doubt of public structures, is thus conclusively shown. - But the few rude structures reared by the pristine Christian zeal of the Saxons did not long suffice. Religion had assumed a prominence, and manifested a power of progress, which called forth in its services a correspondingly superior and substantial display, and that, not only of a structural, but of a spiritual character. It is observed by the justly venerated Bede, “that wheresoever any monk or clergyman happened to go, he was received by all ranks of people with the greatest demonstrations of joy and respect, as God's servant; and each one bowing his head, eagerly sought to obtain their blessing, either by hand or mouth, even when they were travelling on the high road. They also paid great attention to * Bardwell on “Ancient and Modern Temples.” * “Saxon Chronicle,” A.D. 633. Qſìje (thurch in Çatſu Çim eg. 55 their exhortations on these occasions. But on Sundays in particular, immense crowds used to flock to the churches and monasteries, not to feed their bodies, but to hear the Word of God; and if any priest chanced to come into the village the inhabitants of it immediately assembled about him, and earnestly entreated him to favour them with some few words of instruction and spiritual advice; for in these days clergymen or priests never went into villages on any other account, but to preach, baptize, or visit the sick, or to say all in one word, to procure the salvation of souls; and they were so free from avarice, that none of them ever received possessions of lands for building monasteries or churches, unless they were compelled in some measure by the pressing solicitations of their benefactors, which custom was for a long time in all points observed by the clergy of Northumberland.” While this happy, independent, and exemplary state of things prevailed, there can be no wonder at the population however comparatively sparse, spontaneously and it may be prodigally displaying their estimation of the benefits and blessings of their ministrations; and so it seems, according to the Rev. Abraham de la Pryme, “that when the country became by degrees converted to the Christian faith and the people became devout, and wanted places to meet in, a great many towns (? villages) contributed towards the erection of a church, and when finished, they came to hear divine service therein, from all the neighbouring country, to the extent of a great many miles, and from as far as the people came, and continually resorted to the church, so far was reckoned within the precincts of the church, and under the tuition of the minister.” And so it was during that prolific period of church building, the twelfth century, that the humble temples which had been previously erected, were in a great measure pulled down and rebuilt on a plan more corresponding in dimensions and architectural display with the demands of the district, and the devout liberality of the congregations. The Rev. j. Bentham says, “The Saxon churches were often elegant fabrics, and well constructed, but generally of a moderate size, frequently begun and ended in five or six years, or less time.” That Rotherham had a church in the times of the Saxons is without question, and it is, perhaps, equally without question that it was on the site of the present church. The opinion of Mr. Beckwith, although an eminent local antiquarian, that it stood nearer Templebrough does not seem to receive support. During the recent restoration of Rotherham Church, Mr. Henry Cane, who had charge of the works, under the late Sir Gilbert Scott, took a deep interest in the ancient vestiges of earlier structures, which were from time to time met with whilst the work was going on. His long experience in connection with York Minster and other such grand archaeological studies, give his opinions great weight, and he was kind enough to give expression to them in the “Parish Magazine” at the time, from which the following extracts are made:– “In our fancy alone can we picture the Saxon church, mentioned in the Domesday Book; but if we may judge of its appearance by the examples left to us in other parts of England, it would be a small plain structure with little windows strongly barred and a massive door, for it was not an uncommon occur- ence in those days to make a sanctuary of the church, during incursions of marauders, who continually harassed their more peaceable neighbours. There certainly were found remains which might have belonged to this early date, among which are part of the remains of a door jamb and some adjoining wall foundations; the former is under the north west pier of tower under the arch 56 330th crijam. which joins the north transept with north aisle of nave. Now we do know the levels of the Norman church and this doorway would not suit them, and its position which opened from the west seems quite out of place in the Norman building, though it might have suited a small Saxon church.” “Though many remains of the period of the Norman church are still to be found, the extent of the church is in many cases left to conjecture. A large head or roll moulding, with a bevelled plinth under, was found on the south side of the chancel, at its junction with the tower. It continued along the whole of that side and along the north side also, with a flat buttress where the column now stands. These base mouldings ran round the several breaks of the tower, along the east side of the north transept, and a break where the steps are, seemed to indicate a buttress, as if the wall returned short of the present building, towards the north. Foundations were also found within the present aisle walls, which seemed to terminate about ten feet within the present west wall. Parts of bases, abaci, and capitals, were found under the present columns, and had been used as foundations for the later work to rest upon. They had, no doubt, belonged to the arcades of the nave, and are what are usually called “cushion capitals,” and are exactly similar in character to those found in the crypts at York Minster, which were built by Archbishop Thomas, the Norman, who held the see from Io'70 to I Ioo. The walls of the north aisle and chancel have many Norman stones in them, and were, most likely, arches and other moulded work, with the ornamented part turned into the wall and the plain face outside. I had been very anxious to see some of these exposed and at last an opportunity occurred when the small niches at the sides of the east window were fixed. Here we found an arch stone beautifully moulded, with heads arranged in lozenge patterns on hollows, and heads running in direct lines, the hollows again enriched with small berries, with a little hole in the centre of each, this kind of ornament is also found at York in work executed about 1170. The tower I have little doubt is nearly the same as then existing excepting that the old jambs and arches have been cut away and fresh cased, giving more room for the present fine arches. Internally the building must have been rather low pitched, the dressings or moulding work were of magnesian lime stone, of a beautiful cream colour, from quarries at Roche Abbey, or more likely lower down the river, near Conisbrough, as water communication in those days was generally preferred to land, the roads being only fit for pack horses, the difficulty of carriage is the cause of the masons using small blocks when materials had to come from a distance. The faces of the capitals have a very clean appearance and the work was finished with a direct cut from an axe, not the slanting stroke of a chisel as now used.” “Of early English or 13th Century work, no trace now remains, nor has any fragment been discovered; as so much building was then done throughout the country, this is rather strange. The walls of the chancel are very roughly constructed and diminish in thickness as they ascend, this was a common thing in Norman and early English buildings, but not in after time, and as our later work is all good ashlar, I think it must have belonged to one of these periods.” The erection of churches was encouraged and very largely increased by a licence given to lords of manors to withdraw their tithe, previously paid to the distant church with which they had been connected, and give it to the church erected by them in their own immediate neighbourhood, and also the right to nominate the priest; and so powerfully did this privilege operate, as in the course Qſìje (thurch in (Earlg (Timeg. " 57 of a very short period to increase the score of churches which are given in the Domesday Survey, in this neighbourhood, into sixty, these becoming thenceforth parish churches, and existing to the present time. - t Some such account as this, gleaned from other historians, is necessary, as an introduction to a period which saw the commencement of the first comparatively rude structure of the Saxon Rotherham Church. Some underground fragments of this primitive structure were opened up at the recent restoration, as just mentioned, as well as some others of the nobler Norman edifice. Of these some parts still remain, and these mainly during the fourteenth and the following centuries, were being “so built upon’ and beautified—and withal, the stated services were being so ornately embellished, as to make this “the courts of the Lord's House” of that period, an object of admiration, attraction, and reverence to all ranks and conditions of people. Although there can be no doubt, but that there were from time to time many noble Christian contributors to this grand result, there is reason to believe, as will be hereafter seen, that to the munificence, and experienced architectural skill and taste of Archbishop Rotherham may be attributed the main completion of this “finest perpendicular church of the north.” The ancient collegiate town of Rotherham cannot be approached in any direction without the lofty tower and graceful spire of the church arresting the eye; and so noble are the proportions, and so harmoniously are the component parts of the edifice combined, as to produce sudden but enduring admiration. Ebenezer Rhodes has a few appropriate and eloquent words on this subject, and I have little care to say in other words what has been so well said before by him." “It is indeed a noble structure, and from whatever point it is beheld it dignifies the place and adorns the landscape. The situation it occupies adds to its importance. It stands on an elevated knoll, below and around which the principal parts of the town are built, and its very foundation stones are, on three sides of it, higher than were the original adjacent houses. The bridge over the Rother commands an uninterrupted view of the west end of this fine edifice, but on the Masbrough side of the old bridge that crosses the Don, it is seen entire, in all its plenitude of beauty, not rising from amongst surrounding dwellings, but placed in majesty above them. I well remember this view of Rotherham Church, when it was even more beautiful and more picturesque than it now is, particularly when seen from the western side of the river, between the bridge and the canal. The space occupied by the stream of the Don is here of magnificent dimensions, and is often filled to its utmost limits. At the time to which I particularly allude, from the weir nearly half-way downward to the bridge, a row of lofty elms (willows) interposed a thick screen of foliage, a jutting roof, and here and there a chimney top, were seen through openings amongst the branches; over these, wreaths of light and almost transparent smoke, rising from the dwellings below, united and harmonized the various masses, and on an elevated knoll beyond, the north and west fronts of the church, thrown into perspective, displayed the whole of their architectural grandeur. “The humbler dwellings that intervened between the river and the higher parts of the town were excluded from the picture, and all that was beheld was full of beauty. A little on the right, a weir, thrown obliquely across the river, is a good feature in this part of the landscape. The water, dashed into foam, rushes * “Yorkshire Scenery,” 1826. 58 330th crijam. impetuously over it, and circles in a thousand eddies in the capacious basin below, from whence it flows along the ample space that forms its channel in limpid shoals and sparkling rapids. Above the weir, the eye follows the stream along the line of the Don to where the Rother pursues its loitering course through the flat meadows of Bradmarsh, and falls into the Don at Bowbridge. The plantations at Moorgate, and the bold eminence on which Boston Castle stands, occupy the left side of this rich landscape, and the woods of Canklow cover the remoter part of the hills, and fill up the distance. I have sometimes beheld this scene with a pleasure bordering on enthusiasm, particularly when the declining sun, emerging from the clouds that for a time had overshadowed his splendour, poured a flood of radiance on all opposing objects, and lighted up the rich architecture of Rotherham Church with a bright and mellow lustre. “Rotherham Church is built in the form of a cross, the symbol of the faith to whose doctrines and precepts it is devoted. Its exterior architecture is rich with Gothic devices—the buttresses are massy, and adorned with ornamental fretwork: the lancet-shaped windows that light the side aisles are beautiful in proportion and enriched with Gothic tracery: the nave is surmounted with a long range of windows similar in form and ornament, and the whole body of the church has a cathedral-like effect. The tower is elegant, and rather profusely adorned. A fine proportioned and graceful spire, with crocketed pinnacles at the four corners of the base, completes this beautiful edifice.” How superbly, then, from its lofty knoll, must the fine Norman church of that period, have reared its massive tower over the more lowly dwellings by which it was surrounded; more strikingly so, even, than now, as the clerestories had not then been added, and the tower would spring from the intersection of the arms of the cross. The roofs would be pointed or slanting, but without embattlements, and would so throw out the lofty lantern tower with greater effect, being more proudly prominent over the wood-framed tenements which clustered at its base. At the western end would roll the unobstructed river, and its dimensions at that period, perhaps up to Sheffield Castle, would be equal to what they are now at Rotherham, indications of which have from time to time turned up when cuttings for canals and other purposes have been made. And so the beautiful church, unsmirched by smoke, would be reflected by the broad bright river gliding downward at its base; further westward beyond, the Holmes would spread out their level length and breadth of verdant pasturage around the hamlet of Marshburgh, at which place, from what purports to be a Rental of the Rotherham part of the Manor of Rufford (to be given hereafter), there was then the Aula (Hall) de Marshburgh. The following Rental will enable us to form an approximate idea of the Revenues of the Church and Manor of Rotherham under the management of the Cistercian House of Rufford. Although we have no means of ascertaining what proportion the revenues now bore to those derived from the Manor of Rotherham when granted by John de Vesci in 1252, yet there is no doubt but that considerable increase in the manor had taken place, and that the revenues, soon to be arbitrarily confiscated, were largely augmented. Many leading men had taken advantage of the unusual special rights and privileges, and of the central position enjoyed by the town, and we find the names of Kent, Wentworth, The Provost of the College, Reresbye, Swyfte, Fayrefaxe, Oke (Manor of Eastwood), Fuljamb, Fitzwilliam, Mounteney, &c., &c., in the following list. The Hall in Qſìje (thurch in Çarlg (Times. 59 Marshburgh, a Chief House in Westgate, rented by the Count of Salop, most likely for his agent," indicate in so small a place a considerable sprinkling of gentry not elsewhere found within a much wider range. The Lordship of Rotherham, part of the manor of Ruffºrd. Rents and farms paid at the terms of Pentecost and St. Martin in the winter.” By John Roger, for a messuage in the market place tº º xº Henry Lawton, for a messuage there, yearly e e © xij, The same, for a garden in the Crofts, yearly . . . º xij" for the market hill, yearly . . © e tº & xij" Richard Oke, for certain lands and tenements . e e vj Hugh Rawson, for five acres of land e º © vs The same Richard Oke, for the free rent of a tenement in the market place, yearly . º e º e º e vj William Oke, for Draper rowe. te º te º º xx iij" Robert Swyft, for a tenement in Briggate . o e e XX* The same, for a tenement in Briggat, yearly . º º vijº jº Thomas Crosley, for a shop e o e e e º iij Thomas Jopson, for a shop . ſº º tº ę º ij John Carre, for a shop e º so e º e º ij Richard Wade, for one room, yearly - e º e j Elizabeth Denby, for a room . º º tº e o ij Hugh Clayton, for two tenements, yearly . º e xxvi vj" William Grenewod, for a tenement in Milngate, yearly . e xij, Richard Watson, for a tenement there . o e o vijº Thomas Flater, for a tenement there . º e ſº º vijº Robert Bell, for a tenement there, yearly . e e vj Fo.374 Thomas Treket, for a tenement at the end of the bridge with twenty acres of land, one close called Emp yard [orchard], and two acres of land called Oldeye e e ‘e -> 1 vijº – Redman, for a tenement in Doncaster gate, yearly º vī Henry Tyngille, for a tenement there . e º e º iiij William Grenewod, for a tenement there . e & º ij Alexander Hill, for a tenement there, yearly & * º iiij John Cowper, for a tenement there º * & º xii; iiij" John Hall, for a tenement in Welgate tº e e . viij John Dronke, for a tenement there © e º º iiij Richard Watson, for a tenement there & © tº - ij John Byrtrik, for two tenements in High Street, yearly . xxij, John - - - - for a tenement there, yearly . © vijº Thomas Welwright, for a tenement there tº e e XX* * This must have been a handsome º º feet, and the attached outhouses nearly as much. tº . Michº Bº (Agºutinois), Pipe frontage of the house then occupied a space of near 60 Surveys, Vol. 399, fo. 373. (7% anslation.) 6O łłotijerijam. Thomas Gilbert, for a tenement in Westgate, yearly . . vj Edward Blyton, for a tenement there . º b g xvi; iiij" The same, for a close, yearly º & o º º . viij William Hill & John Grenwod, for the heirs of John Cutler & Thomas Cutler, for two tenements in Briggat, yearly. vº vijº The same William & John, for the heirs of the said John & Thomas, for a close and a lathe in Welgate, yearly . . viij vi" Fo.375 William Whitmore & Edward Blyton, for the Hall of Marsh- l brugh º e e º xxiiij The same, for tenements in Marshbrugh . º . . xxx" — Datlyf, for certain land called Dogflat o º te xviij" - - - - - for one quarry of stone, yearly . . . vj vilj" Alexander Oke, for the manor of Estwod. tº © º cxiiij vilj" (With vijº, the price of eight quarters of oats.) Summa xxvi" vij" iij" Rents assessed, paid at the terms of Easter and St. Michael the Archangel. By John West, of Aughton, for a tenement in the market place, in the tenure of William Aliner . © e e xij" John Dulphyn, for three tenements there, in the tenure of Thomas Creswell, two tenements in Brookgate, in the tenure of the bailiff, and one tenement in the tenure of Robert Campynet g > º te º © o G vº vijº Thomas Crodis, for a tenement in the market place, in the tenure of Thomas Jill, yearly . . . © º º iij Roger Fuljamb, for a tenement in the market place, in the tenure of Richard Hyllynwrought, yearly . © • V Robert Lylle, for a tenement near the end of the church there, yearly . e e e te te e o ix." The same, for an orchard (or yard, ordo), yearly . . . iij vi" William Oke, for certain lands º . . º ij iſ," John Wase and Richard Welles, for a forge, yearly . e iiij" Fo.376 Robert Swyft, for a forge in the market place, in the tenure - of - - - - , yearly * e © - º º j" The same Robert, for a tenement in Westgate, in the tenure of William Cillad, yearly . . º © te e ij The same, for a tenement there in the tenure of William Oke, yearly . . . e e º tº © e º iſ The same, for certain lands, late of Edmund Cryssekes, in Westgate, in the tenure of Richard Ellis © xj. The same, for a tenement there, late of John Proker, in the tenure of Chette Cobler. e º º º e tº if x" Robert Swath, for a tenement at the end of the church, yearly iij iij}" John Housley, for a tenement in Mylngate, in the tenure of - - John Hik. . º tº . te º o e e g" The Church in Garig Jimes. 6 I Thomas Hobson, for the chief house and four cotages in Brigat, for the heirs of — Lytsters, in the tenure of Thomas Trekit, yearly * © e º x8 John Masse, for a tenement in Brigat, in the tenure of Robert Nayler, jun' . . . te ſe º . . e iji vi" Robert Lytster, for a tenement at the Church Stile, in the - tenure of Thomas Boswell . º e vs The heirs of Robert Abde, for a tenement in Brigat, in the tenure of John Dawson . Thomas Hobson, for a tenement in Briggat, late of John Marsborowe, in the tenure of John Yowll, yearly. tº ii; iii." xviij" - (And one pound of pepper.) Fo.377 The same Thomas Hobson, for two tenements in High street, in the tenure of William Rewell, and a tenement at the end of Doncaster Gate, in the tenure of John Wryghtman iiij Thomas Whentworth, for a tenement near the College, in the tenure of Richard Drable . . . . . . xviij" Thomas Whentworth, of Whentworth, for a tenement in Bryggat, in the tenure of John Dickinson, yearly . tº xij" The same, for a tenement in Bryggate, in the tenure of William Perlyngton, yearly gº sº e The heirs of Wrawley, for a tenement near the College, in the tenure of Robert Gibson . © ge ge º © ij The heirs of Robert West, for two tenements near the College, in the tenure of Richard Lynley, and Wadsworth's ij wife, yearly e e ſº º wº ſº ſº e Henry Inkersell, for a tenement in Bryggat, in the tenure of John Lyleman o {3 º º . wº tº e Henry Ellot, for a tenement in Doncaster Gate, in the tenure of Richard Shepard . & §º © e William Fawconer, for a tenement there, in the tenure of Ralph Ward, yearly tº º gº 9 * ~ & The wife of — Clark de Eclefeld, for three garden-stedes [pieces for gardens] in Welgat, yearly . e e * vj vijº ij iij John Curteyes, for a tenement there . es o & g i; iiij" Fo.378 Thomas Whentworth, knight, for a tenement in High Street, in the tenure of John Jakson . º e & •e ij Richard Cartliche, for two tenements in Westgat, of which one is in the tenure of Robert Nayler, the other of Richard Elles, yearly . o e & & e tº © º iiij vi" Beterissa Bedmare, for a tenement there, in the tenure of John Machyn, yearly. © e * vij" The heirs of Thomas Jakson, for a tenement there, in the tenure of Thomas Reuell, yearly . de e © sº iij vi" The same heirs, for a tenement and certain land in Doncaster Gate, in the tenure of M'. Askew º e e © William Fitzwilliam, knight, for a tenement in Westgate, in the tenure of Thomas Frape . e e e & & xviij" vj 62 $ntiſtrijam. Richard Taillor, for two tenements in Welgate, of which one is situated in Welgate, in the tenure of Hugh Nedeham, & the other in Welgate, in the tenure of William More, yearly tº tº tº gº & { } Edmund Gurry, for certain land and a tenement, yearly The heirs of Frankeche, for a tenement & certain land in the tenure of John Chamber . e ſº º © & The Earl of Shrewsbury, for his chief house in Westgate, in the tenure of Hugh Rawson, yearly tº tº ſº The same, for a tenement in Welgate, in the tenure of Thomas Woodcock . e e e tº e The same, for certain land, in the tenure of the same Thomas Woodcock, yearly. Fo.379 The same Earl of Shrewsbury, for a cottage, in the tenure of - - - - - yearly tº e º 'º º The same, for a tenement in High Street, in the tenure of Launcelot Birtrik, yearly º © e sº e William Hill & John Grenewood, for the heirs of John Cutler & Thomas Cutler, for certain land, late of — Chaton e e gº e g tº The same, for the said heirs, for the land of a forge, near the Church Stile . º tº - The Commote of Rotherham, yearly The Chantry of the Cross, yearly Carre's Chantry, yearly . © • & The Chantry of the Blessed Virgin Mary, yearly. The Chantry of S. Katherine, yearly . . . ſº The heirs of — Wolhous, for the tenement at the end of High Street, in the tenure of John Snell, yearly gº Robert Swyft, for certain land late purchased of George Brodhurst. gº º g tº * s tº M. Mountney, for two tenements in Welgate, of which one is in the tenure of Peter Savage, the other in the tenure of Jenet Lond . gº • . e e & gº Gibon Smyth, for three cottages in Welgate, in the tenure of John Milford & Thomas Hore, yearly * > e • Lord Clyfford,” for a close, called Harper yard, and certain lands, yearly tº © gº * º Fo.38o The heirs of Master FitzWilliam, yearly . Thomas Resby [? Reresby] Esq., yearly The College of Jesus, yearly . M. Pervest, for a tenement in Welgate ſº M. Savage, for the Chapel of St. James & g gº John Chamber, for an orchard (or yard, ord) by indenture Robert Swyft, for a close, called Barker Croft, yearly * (Domino) query, it may mean rather a priest, “Sir Clifford.” * vj viſ iij xxij, iſjº 2S vij xj. xiiij vijº vijº vijº ij iiij ijº xliiijº xvijº xivº xij, vj xij, iij i v] i xv) ii; vſ. Xj vijº vj xvii," iiij" vii;" Qſìje (thurch in Čar Ig QT im eş. 63 The same, for two gardens, yearly . e º g e iſ William Oke, for the Teyntures [? dyers] º º º xij" Robert Parson, of Sheffield, for a forge, yearly . e e iſ William Wolf, of Barnsley, for a forge, yearly. º º wd Robert Bekyt, for a tenement at the end of the church, yearly xxviijº Christofer Sell, for a tenement near the College there, yearly xs - - - - - for a bakery in Doncaster gate, yearly. º vj vilj" - - - - - for a bakery in Briggat, in the tenure of Thomas Colyer. º o o & º • • xij, iij" - - - - - for a bakery in Westgat, in the tenure of Thomas Dermann, yearly . xxxiij" iij" Thomas John, for a tenement with half an acre of land, yearly vs (By copy of the Court.) Fo.381 The wife of — Mawleuere, for a tenement . ſº g vijº - William Cutler, for a tenement called Monk Redynge, with one long croft and eleven acres of land, yearly, . e lx" iiij") (By The same, for six acres of land, yearly, . . . . vj º The same, for three acres of land, yearly, & º º iiij From - - - - - for the Damhead . & e g xviij" From - - - - - for Castle tonge & & & xviij" Rents of Land. William Oke & Alexander Oke, for thirty-six acres of land, yearly . e & tº o e e e xxxvi. Thomas Trekyt, for nineteen acres of land, yearly . & xix." Robert Batte, for two acres of land . e g it, e ij Total e & © ſº & º, lvijº The Mill. From Robert Swyft, for the farming of Rotherham Mill, yearly, by indenture . º º g . xxx;" vſ. viij" (By indenture.) Rectory. From the same, for the farming of Rotherham Rectory yearly lj" (Besides xvi" xij" iij" paid to the vicar there as annual pension, by indenture.) Perquisites of the Court. William Whitmore, Bailiff of Rotherham, for the farming the perquisites of the Court and the profits of the fairs there, yearly, by indenture . e & iiij" - (By indenture.) 64 330th crijam. With respect to Rotherham and its Church under the Abbey of Rufford, except as relates to the strenuous and successful resistance made by them to all attempts made to control or circumscribe the lordly power and large proprietary rights with which they had become invested, we have exceedingly little infor- mation concerning, or in anywise connected with the latter two centuries of their rule over the Town and Church of Rotherham. The favourable case made out for them by Mr. Aldred, is entitled to great respect, and there can be no reluctance in awarding them all due credit. There can be no doubt but that their influence and efforts would be promotive of the prosperity of the place, and of the moral, mechanical, and intellectual culture and advancement of the inhabitants. Canon Raine in his “Fasti Eboracenses,” has this emphatic passage: “The most influential of all the means by which the north was evangelised, was undoubtedly the establishment of monasteries, and the Archbishop of York could wield no more effective weapon for the overthrow of paganism and vice.” The indoor life of the monks is thus described: “Their never wearying life of devotion, their labours amongst all classes in the school-room, in the library and scriptorium; in their cultivation of music, architecture, and painting; and in all that was then so requisite to humanize and elevate the barbarous state of society then existing, and which, but for their example and influence, would have continued to exist,” is instanced; and he further adds, “And if we regard monasticism in its effects upon the outer world, we shall soon see how it softened and ennobled it. I pass by the humanizing influence of a life devoted to worship and literary pursuits * * but when they were not thus engaged they were generally busy with some manual employment * % % in the English monasteries there were none to depreciate the usefulness of labour—they were regularly trained to it, and even the bishops were obliged to be acquainted with some handicraft. And what they professed and practised themselves they taught others. One of the reasons for the selection of the desert or the wild- wood as the site of the earliest retreats was undoubtedly the desire to bring the country into cultivation.” + * “They tilled and sowed the land with their own hands, reclaiming the moor from the heather, and clearing away the wood and water * * They hunted and snared their own game, they caught their own fish. % % They won their own hay, and reaped and ground their own corn. Agriculture was thus advanced, and commerce followed in its wake. The progress of the early civilization of the north is coincident with the growth and influence of the monasteries.” It is not improbable that these considerations might have some influence on the minds of the great landowners, who munificently endowed abbeys with grants so large as that of John de Vesci of Rotherham to the monks of Rufford, and that a thin vein of worldly policy might run through the rich ore of piety which marked transactions of this wonderful description. However that might be, the transfer in such cases was to mutual advantage at this earlier period. It is sad to know how a change, darker and more disastrous than the ravages of Pict or Scot, soon overcast this vision of moral purity and material progress. Monasteries sprung up, in which Bede says “worldliness and vice dressed themselves in the garb of religion,” and as pride and sinful pleasures are of rampant growth in human hearts and institutions, what had been a blessing became a bane, and the fair firmament, through which had benignly broken the light of Heaven, became foul and pestilent with vapours, prolific only of hurtful and hateful excesses. - Qſìje (Church in Çarlu Çimes. 65 But however little we may know of the manner of the rule of the House of Rufford, in their lordship and manor of Rotherham, or of its industrial, educational, or religious growth under their rule, though in material extension it must have been considerable, yet we can frame some idea of what appearance the town may then have presented; for unquestionably the then Norman church would stand as now, on an elevated knoll, and pretty nearly in the centre of ve different dwelling-places, which would then form the streets of the early market to Wn. The church would then be almost, if not altogether, the only stone erection in the place, and it is remarkable at how recent a period numbers of dwelling- houses were dotted all over the town, constructed of laths and plaster, and being timber-framed; and yet these would be a great improvement on the ruder homes of the earlier inhabitants. Wherever there was anything of a more substantial description, it was what had been left during the Roman occupation; and so at Rotherham, adjacent to their station of Templebrough, there might be some deserted domiciles of this character. Otherwise they would be at the best, such timber-framed erections as the “Boot and Shoe Inn” now is. Although it may interrupt our narrative, it may perhaps, be worth while to take a furtive glance at some evidences of this, known to the writer, many of which have been, and all of which will be soon utterly swept away. In Bridge-gate, below the “Boot and Shoe,” were several buildings of this kind, but of a meaner description; opposite the same antique hostelry, the houses on both sides “Jesus Gate,” up to the Common, or what had been the “Lord's Bakehouse,” were of the same description. Beyond the late old Town Hall and Grammar School was a curious block of the TEIHE OLD TO W.N. H. A.L.L 66 330th crijam. same character, one tenement being over the other, reached by rude stone steps from the outside; and so throughout the other streets of the town; several of the more important description of this class of house still ornament High Street. On each side of the Church Gates in High Street this was the case, the one on the upper side being occupied by a person named Dickey Lodge, a saddler, who having served at the taking of Gibraltar, was known at the usual evening symposiums as “Old Gib;” the lower side was the “Blue Bell” of that day, kept by John Hudson, before he went to the “College Inn,” and which belonged to Mr. Wm. Radley, who built Radley Row, and resided in the large house at the top of the said row, and who was then the chief, if not the only master joiner and builder in the town. He had his workshop or workshops in what had been the old Town Hall, in the ancient Market Place, and which was up some steps, running out of what is now Petticoat Alley, as shewn in the foregoing engraving from Mr. Wild's drawing. Mr. Wm. Glossop married his daughter, and the premises at the Church Gates, which had been the “Blue Bell,” were converted into a draper's shop for him. An old house has been lately pulled down in the Market Place, which had been latterly used as a lodging-house; it had an over- hanging gable over the entrance, numerous rooms and several staircases, and had in better days known worshipful company. The old Town Hall, above-mentioned, was in the Market Place. It was constructed of wood, as was the old Market House, and garnished with the “stocks and pillory.” From the top of Wellgate to the bottom of Bridgegate was an open stream, not “ diaphonous, because it travelled slowly,” but because of its natural purity, flowing in the light of day down what is now improperly named College Street (and which was first so named by Mr. Hobson, on his commencing a school where the spirit vaults now are), but which on the erection of the College of Jesus by Archbishop Rotherham, was called Jesus Gate; previously, as the channel of the ever-flowing stream from Wellgate, it was in old deeds called Brookgate, and its termination at the river Don is thus described: “I 3 Charles II., 1660. Lease to Thomas Foster. All that messuage, tenement, and fold in Curtlege thereunto adjoining, in Rotherham aforesaid, lying and being in the towne street there called Brookgate, between the said street eastward, and the lands of King Charles II. westward, and butting upon other the Common lands of Rotherham northward, and the lands of the said King Charles and the lands of the said Sir Robert Swyfte, Knight, southward. And also a Gate House, now used as a dwelling-house, now in the occupation of the said Thomas Foster or his assigns, situate, lying, and being in Brookgate, in Rotherham, aforesaid.” This brief legal document lets in a good deal of local light as to the boundary properties. These belonged some 225 years since to Sir Robert Swyfte, whose monument adorns the church chancel; to King Charles, and to the owners of the Common lands. The Brookgate, falling into a deep pool of the Don, just opposite the first arch of the bridge next Rotherham, and there forming a fitting place for that notable punishment for unruly scolds, the “Cucking-stool,” was one of those boundaries. We see also that at the foot of the bridge there had been a “Gate House,” then converted into a dwelling-house, and in front of which was a square block of stone steps, formerly used to aid in loading pack-horses. This rapid glance at the old town at the time of its being possessed by the House of Rufford, and afterwards, brings us to its state and condition when the rental of the dwellings and lands therein and thereto belonging came into the Qſì) : (Tijurch in (Earlu Cimeš. - 67 hands of the Lords of the Manor and which from the foregoing accounts appear to have amounted to ſ 143 8s. 3}d.; of this amount Robert Swyft, as farmer of the mill paid £31 6s. 8d. The mill seems to have been one of the most peculiar and prized sources of revenue that lords of manors, ecclesiastical or lay, could possess, and from the time of Chaucer, down to the period when in a poem called “Christ's Kirk on the Green,” said to have been written by james I., and . quoted by Sir Walter Scott, the miller is one of the foremost and most formidable personages described— “The Miller was of manly make, To meet him was na mows; There durst na ten come him to take, Sae noited he their pows.” There is no doubt but that these were monopolies in which great extortions were exercised. In 1796 an Act was passed which provided that millers were to deliver the whole produce of the corn when ground, if required, allowing for waste and toll, under certain penalties. A saving clause, however, was introduced, to the effect that the Act should not extend “to the ancient mills commonly called Soke mills, or to such other ancient mills where the right and obligation of the possessors of the same to grind corn for particular persons, or within particular districts, and to take a fixed and certain toll for grinding have been established by ancient custom.” - - - The Church and its services had, through the munificence of Archbishop Rotherham, and neighbouring gentry, received every enrichment and adornment that artistic taste could contrive, and unstinted wealth bestow. The sacred utensils of the altar were of the most costly character, and the vestments of the officiating priests of the most gorgeous description. All that in music could charm the ear, or in splendid display attract the eye, and thus through the senses affect the heart, were the then appropriate means used to win the untutored inhabitants of the district from the waning superstitions by which paganism had thrown its deadly glamour over them, and attract them to the worship of the one true God, and so keep them attached to His reasonable and life-elevating services. That these ornate means then commended themselves to the furtherance of the high object sought to be accomplished, there are few who will question; and fewer still, the pure and powerful motives which could influence truly Christian men to pour out wealth like water, in thus endeavouring to promote the conversion of the country from heathenism to Christ. But such is the perversity of human nature, and such the fallibility of its best intentions and institutions, that in process of time, these wisely devised and piously promoted means, became utterly estranged from their pure, pristine purpose, and ignobly perverted to personal ascendancy and priestly domination. The grand external rites, ceremonies, and Sacerdotal sacrifices became a superstition and a snare, and but another phase of idolatry “after its kind.” “The spirit in the form was lost.” The pious, painful, perambulating monk-priest of the 12th became the spiritual prince of the 14th century, the vow of poverty was forsworn, and vast possessions of landed properties, large revenues, and manorial and even princely rights and privileges were attained and maintained in utter disregard, if not disdain, of the true interest of religion. However sad and lamentable the change, yet so it was that the truly noble class of men, who at their self-denying beginning, had been the laborious cultivators of the most sterile wildernesses, the assiduous instructors 68 3āntijerijam. of all classes of the people in agricultural occupations, in mechanical arts, as also in the more refined arts and sciences, as music, song, painting, carving, illuminating; and more than all, and above all, who had been the true expounders and exemplars of the truths of the religion of the Gospel, and who as such were held in love and reverence by all ranks and conditions for their glorious work's sake: these had, to a great extent, by what a deplorable moral declension, become proud, persecuting, and profligate. In short, in them religion and humanity were outraged, and the end came. Although the sword of vengeance was not wielded by the most righteous hand, nor the spoil distributed in the most equitable way, but very conspicuously to the contrary; yet retribution like a hurricane cleared the way, and godly men, murmuring over glaring confiscations, and mourning that learning and religion had mainly been left shorn and unsupported by imperial rapacity, set about instituting a reformed ritual, and preaching and promoting a religion of the heart and life. In the confiscations which followed, and which took place at Rotherham, under Henry VIII. and Edward VI., the blameless seem to have shared the fate of the guilty. The chantry priests, who were dispossessed, seem to have been men of culture and Christian conduct, and were serving at their respective altars on most moderate stipends, whilst the dissolution of the College of Jesus was an act so unmerited and atrocious, as to deserve only the Severest condemnation. - There were cases where, if spoliation had been ruled by discrimination, or had justice regulated vengeance, the hand of rapine would have been arrested, and instead of ruin, a recompence for beneficent services would have been awarded out of the spoil of the wrong-doers This would have been the case with the College of Jesus. Who but would pronounce that its objects were so nationally excellent, and so locally elevating, as if righteously taken into account, to have disarmed the most bigoted, and repelled the most rapacious. The Will of its princely and pious founder, now but for some eighty years gone to his rest and reward, ought to have been its sufficient a gis against any attack but that of the enemy of man. Because he had himself, “by the grace of God,” received instruction in the same place, he sought to provide for others the means of instruction “in grammar, reading, writing, reckoning, music, and song,” and thereby to afford them the same chance for obtaining scholarly and social elevation as he himself had had. And that those who ministered at the altar might be saved risk of reproach by lodging abroad, he provided them with a home, and with learned assistance; or in his own words he provided “that chambers shall be assigned to them, and that they shall eat there, to the end that they shall be occupied by the praise of God, and the health of their souls, in grammar, music, singing, the art of writing, hearing the Bible, studying in the library, or have some teaching from the provost,” and with this an occasional free table, and alms “ to the poor and greatly decrepit.” Surely the promotion of such objects only required the moulding hand of reformation to fit them to the change of times, but least of all deserved the ruthless application of the merciless besom of destruction. Before reaching the account of the “Certificates of Colleges” and chantries, several curious old documents must be introduced. The first is from Writs of Privy Seal." * Writs of Privy Seal, File 19 (Tower Records). 13 Richard II., (A.D. 1389.) Qſìje (Tijurci, in Čarlu (Times. 69 Richard, by the grace of God, King of England & France, and Lord of Ireland, to the honourable Father in God the Bishop of Winchester, our Chancellor, saluting. Whereas we have granted leave to our liege Thomas Molde, chaplain, that he may cross the sea to the Court of Rome to pursue his appeal of the Vicarage of the Church of Roderham in the Court of Rome aforesaid, we command that you cause to be made our letters on that behalf, under our Great Seal, at Westminster, the 20" October, the 13” year of our reign. It would be pleasant to know how this resolute vicar succeeded in this extraordinary enterprise, which was most likely against the powerful abbot of Rufford. The next document is one very satisfactorily showing that Rotherham had its gild, named the “Gild of the Holy Cross,” at a very early period. “The early English Gild was an institution of local self-help, which, before Poor Laws were invented, took the place, in old times, of the modern friendly or benefit society; but with a higher aim, while it joined all classes together in a care for the needy, and for objects of common welfare, it did not neglect the forms and the practice of religion, justice, and morality. “Gilds were associations of those living in the same neighbourhood, and remembering that they have, as neighbours, common obligations * English Gilds, as a system of wide-spread practical institutions, are older than any Kings of England. They are told of in the books that contain the oldest relics of English laws. The old laws of King Alfred, of King Ina, of King Athelstan, of King Henry I., reproduce still older laws in which the universal existence of gilds is treated as a matter of well-known fact, and in which it is taken to be a matter of course that every one belonged to some gild. % # The beginnings of the older gilds are lost in the far dimness of time, and remain quite unknown, the beginnings of the later ones took place in methods and with accompanying forms that have been recorded.” From the following translation the Rotherham Gild seems to be one of the earliest of these later ones, and seems to have acquired property and obtained for that period a respectable standing. The observances of the gild in this case seem to have been a combination of kind social fellowship, with earnest religious feeling very creditable to the town 500 years ago. Return as to the Gild of the Holy Cross, Rotherham, A.D. 1389.” To the very honourable and wise Council of our most dread Lord the King, Robert de Munsdere and John de Mershburgh, wardens of the Fraternity of Roderham, by virtue of a proclamation, lately made in the county of York, certify how in the thirtieth year of [the reign of] King Edward III. after the Conquest, certain people of Roderham, in honour of God, and the Holy Cross, ordained the said fraternity, and how it has been continued and still exists; that is to say, all the brethren and sisters of the said fraternity once a year assemble in the Church of Roderham, and there, among themselves, from their devotion to the Cross, ordain and collect [wherewith] to find a Chaplain to chant masses for a year, and perform other divine service every day before the Cross in the said church, and to find torches and tapers of the value of 13s. 4d., to burn on Feast days in * “English Gilds,” by Zoulmin Smith. (Published * Gild Returns, Chancery Miscellaneous Rolls, by the Early English Text Society. Introduction, by Bundle 308, No. 36. (Public Record Office). Miss Z. Zoulmin Smith, pp. xiv.-xvi.) 7o 380th crijam. honour of the Cross in the said place. And yearly on the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, the said torches and tapers are renewed, and carried in the said church before the procession the same day in the hands of the brethren and sisters of the said fraternity, and put before the Cross there; and when any brother or sister of the said fraternity dies, the survivors shall carry the body of the deceased to the church with the torches aforesaid burning around the body until it be buried, without other ordinances, oaths, liveries, congregations, or usages whatsoever. - And as to the lands and tenements concerning the said fraternity, there was one Hugh Poneye who enfeoffed John Fledburgh, Vicar of the Church of Roderham, Richard Ploghwright, Richard FitzSimond, and Robert Skinner, and their heirs for ever, in four cottages, with their appurtenances called Lemmerthyng [Le Morthen], in Roderham, of the value of 12s. per annum, and there was also one Robert de Bollom who enfeoffed the same, John, Richard, Richard and Robert, and their heirs for ever, in one messuage, one acre and a half of meadow in Roderham of the value of 13s. 4d. yearly; the said Hugh and Robert Bollom desiring that if the said fraternity be made a perpetual fraternity, that the said four cottages, one messuage, one acre and a half of meadow, with their appurtenances, aforesaid, shall be amortised to it, if the licence of the king to them and their heirs for ever can be obtained; and if not, then the same four cottages, one messuage, acre and half of meadow, with the appurtenances, shall be sold, and put to other divine services for their souls, and the souls of their benefactors. And as to the goods and chattels or other possessions whatsoever of the brethren and sisters of the said fraternity, they have none. The next document gives us a view of another phase of religious life about that perturbed period. Licence in Mortmain, to found the Chantry of Holy Cross in Rotherham Church. The king to all, &c., saluting, grants leave, and also of our special grace, and for the sum of twenty marks which John Grenewode, Vicar of the Church of Roderham, Robert de Hill, chaplain, and John de Palden of Roderham, have paid into our hanaper, we have granted & given licence for us & our heirs, as far as in us lies, to the said John, Robert, & John, that they may newly found, make, ordain, & establish a certain chantry of one chaplain to celebrate divine service, every day, at the altar of the Holy Cross, in the Church of the blessed Mary of Roderham, for the health of him John de Palden & Elizabeth, his wife, while they live, and for their souls when they depart this life, and for the souls of all the faithful dead, according to the ordinance of them John, Robert, & John to be made on that behalf; and that they may give & assign fifteen messuages, one acre & half of a bovate of land, with appurtenances in Roderham, to the said chaplain, to have & to hold to him & his successors, chaplains of the chantry aforesaid, in aid of its support, and for the perpetual support of certain charges and other works of piety according to the ordinance of them, John, Robert, & John on that behalf to be made. And we, in like manner, give special licence to the same chaplain that he may receive the said messuages & land aforesaid, with their appurtenances, and hold them to him & his successors, chaplains of the chantry, in order to celebrate divine service daily at the said altar, in the said church, • John, son of Simon de Fledburgh, was the seventh de Roderham, 16 Kal., July, 1296, the last Richard recorded vicar of the nineteen vicars instituted by the Hoton, S.T.B., 17 March, I 5 I 3. Abbots and Brethren of Rufford, the first being Eustace Oſije Čijurch in Čarſt, Cimeš. - 7 I for the health & souls aforesaid, according to the tenor of these presents, the statute aforesaid notwithstanding.” Not wishing that the said John, Robert, & John, or the said chaplain or their successors by reason of the said statute, &c, &c., should be molested. Witness the king, at Westminster, 12th November.” Act of Resumption, 4 Edward IV. Saving of Grants made out of the revenues of Rotherham - Church. Provided alwey, that this Acte, or any other Acte made or to be made in this oure present Parlement [Act of Resumption, of 4 Edward IV.] extend not nor be in any maner wyse prejudiciall nor hurte unto oure wel beloved servaunt, William Spencer, in, to, or of any graunte made by us unto hym by oure Lettres Patentes under oure grete Seall, beryng date the xxviii day of Aprill, the fourth yere of oure reigne, of an annuite of x" by yere, or howe ever it be named, to be perceyved to hym for terme of his lyfe, of a somme of xx" to us yerely due and growyng of that oon halfe of the Chirche of Rothersham, in oure Counte of York: but that oure said Lettres Patentes, be good and effectuell, accordyng to the tenour, purport, and effecte of the same; any Statute, Acte, Ordynaunce, or other thyng whatsoever it be made or to be made to the contrarie, notwithstondyng. Provided alwey, that this Acte, or any other Acte, made or to be made in this oure present Parlement extend not nor be prejudiciall to Robert Allerton, of or for any graunte by us unto hym made by our Lettres Patentes, beryng date the ix" day of Feverer, the first yere of oure reigne, of x" yerely, to be perceyved duryng the lyfe of the seid Robert, of that xx" comyng to us yerely and due of the Parish Chirche of Roderham in our Counte of York, to be paied by the handes of Th'abbot and Convent of Routhford and his successours, at the Festes of Ester and Seint Michell th’Archangell, by even portions; but that oure said Lrés Patentes, and every thyng therin conteyned, be good, effectuell, and vailable unto the same Robert, by whatsoever name he be in theym named, after and according to the tenour, purport, and effecte of the same.” The next is a remarkable document discovered in the archives of the Feoffees of the Common Lands of Rotherham, and amongst other papers which will be afterwards noticed, is ticketed “obsolete.” Perhaps scarcely any document that could be found, could in so small compass reflect more light on the ancient period to which it refers than does this; introducing us by name to “the Greaves of Our Lady's lights,” an office of which there had been before no knowledge. The style and conditions on which building leases were granted above 3oo years since, the description of the house and cost of its erection, and the curious and very interesting reference to the original religious purpose to which the Chapel on the bridge was devoted (from which it has been since so vilely diverted), and the valuable adornments it possessed, namely, “an image of Our Lady and her Son of fine gold, and a broken ring of gold,” which would, most likely, be some sacred relic of supposed miraculous efficacy as relating to pilgrims and wayfaring men for whose especial benefit the chapel was placed on the bridge, attach considerable importance to it. This singular document concludes with a return * Statute of mortmain. * Patent Roll, 2 Henry IV., part I, membrane 15 (A.D. 1409). * Rot. Parl, Vol. V, pp. 533d, 537a, 4 Edward IV. (A.D. 1465). 72 330th crijam. of the arms and armour, then stored for the defence of the town. It is very difficult to decipher, and it would be equally difficult to understand, if transcribed with the abbreviations generally used at that period (1537); therefore, whilst retaining the ancient spelling as far as practicable, as a curiosity, the abbreviations are extended. The Account of Richard Ellys and Robert Nailler the yonger, made at the xxix" day of June, in the xxviij" yere of y” reigne of our Sovraigne lorde kyng henry y” vilj", wytnesseth yat Richard Ellis and Robert Nailler, olde greues, have delyuerd to Ric. Karre and Thomas Patley, newe greves, in money / Io, and in y” tenths vnpayde the parsellis foloying, first of Ric. Cutler, 8s. ; Item of olde, 2s. 8d.: Item of Thomas Jill, Iod.; Item of M. Baille, M. Swyft, Rob". Batte, John Snell, and John Youll, seuertes [sureties] for Ric. Lynley, Ios. At the saide account of Ric. Ellis and Rob". Nailler, John Wynter, of Denaby, haue [has] takyn to ferme of y” hole Comonte [community] of Rotherham, one messuage with the apportenance in Denaby, which y” saide Comonte hade lat of y” gift and feoffament of Thomas Reresby, gent, to haue and to holde y” said messuage with apportenance to y” saide John Wynter, Elizabet Wynter, and Thomas Wynter, for terme of lyfis naturall of y” saide John Wynter, and Elizabeth and Thomas Wynter, yeldyng and paying yerley ther for to y” saide Comonte during y” saide termys 20s., and all out rents, gud and lawfull money of Yngland, at towe vsiall festes in y”yer, y' is to say at y” fest of Saynt Martyn in wynter and y” fest of Penticost by euen porcionys, and also the saide John Wynter dothe bynde hym selfe, his heres and executors in y” somme of £10 to belde and make a newe house of vipostes, with a chymney, and chamberyd thorowe, owt of his owne proper costes and charges, and to belde y” within it; yers next, appon payn to forfyt y” said £10 to y” said comontie. - As the above specimen represents the orthography and style of the original, a modernised rendering of the remainder will be given. The account of Alexander Oke and William Banks, made the 13th of July, in the 39th year of our Sovereign Lord King Henry VIII., late greaves of Our Lady's light, have delivered to the hands of Robert Dowker and John Howe in money 8s. and three cerges [wax tapers]. The account of Thomas Batley and Launcelot Birtrick made the day and year abovesaid, and have delivered to Robert Dowke and John Dickenson in money 8s. 8d., and in cerges six score and ten. The account of Thomas Colier and John Wayt greaves of our Lady's service, have made the account the day and year abovesaid, and have delivered to William Banks and John Holdham in money / I 16s. 6d., and in tenths unpaid, first of Richard Lynley of old 2s. 8d., item of Raufe Wentworth I 2d. The account of Richard Wade and Thomas Walker made the day and year above- said, and elect and chosen Thomas Richardson and John Youle. - The account of Richard Kare and Thomas Batley, made the 28th day of June, in the goth year of the reign of our sovereign lord King Henry VIII. Witnesseth, that the said Richard and Thomas, late Greaves for the community of Roderham, have delivered into the hands of Thomas Richardson and John Holdham in money ſº I Is., and in the tenths unpaide thes parcels following: first, of Mr. Savage, 8s. 4d.; item of Houle's wife, 5s.; item of Richard Cutler, 8s. and 2s. 8d. of old; item of Mr. Swift, Mr. Baille, Bate, John Snell, John Yowll, sureties for Richard Lynley, Ios. Qſìje (thurch in Garig (ſim £3. 73 The accounts of William Banks and John Oldham, greaves of Our Lady's service, made the 13th day of July in the 30th year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord, King Henry VIII., and have delivered unto Alexander Oke and Thomas Walker new greaves, in money 33s., and in tenths unpaid first of Richard Lynley 2s. 8d. Item of Ralph Wentworth's wife, 23. The account of Robert Howe and John Walker, made the day above-named, late greaves of Our Lady's light for Westgate, have delivered to Thomas Derman and John Wayte, new greaves, in money 13s., and in cerges six score and twelve. The account of Robert Dowke and John Dickenson, made the day above-named, late greaves for Our Lady's light of Briggate, have delivered to William Grenwood and Thomas Hike, in money I 35. 3d., and in cerges, six scor and ten. The account of Thomas Richardson and John Youll, made the day and year above- named, late greaves for St. Katherine's service, have made the account, and elected and chosen Roger Padley and Thomas Colier. - Memorandum, that Thomas Richardson and John Holdham have had delivered to their hands of Our Lady's stock of the Bridge, for certain stuff that was there, in money, A6 2s. Item, that there remaineth in their hands also an image of Our Lady and her Son, of fine gold, and a broken ring of gold. Memorandum, that there is delivered in harness to Robert Walker and Richard Cutler, first, four jacks, a plate coat, six pair of splents, six standards, five Sallets, two sheaves of arrows, that is to say in one sheaf fifteen, and in another seventeen. Here is a remarkable 3Licence for a £rauciſing ºrcatºer." The king to all, &c., saluting. In order that our beloved Simon Clarkson, perpetual vicar of the parochial Church of Roderham, clerk of the diocese of York, who, as we understand, is bachelor in theology and excels in sacred learning, may make use of and enjoy the liberty of preaching the word of God throughout our kingdom of England. Know that we of our special grace, & from our certain knowledge & own motion, have granted & given licence, & by these presents do grant & give licence to the aforesaid Simon Clarkson that he, for the sake of preaching the Word of God can & may be away & absent himself from the said parochial church & its perpetual vicarage for the term of ten years, to be reckoned from the time of the date of these presents, and may preach and set forth the Word and the Gospel of God through our said kingdom in Latin sermon or the vulgar tongue as may be thought suitable for the hearers, in times & places convenient thereto; also during the term of the ten years he may receive the fruits, rents & profits of his said vicarage in the time of his absence from the same, as if he resided there personally and continually, and may freely and lawfully convert and apply them to the use & service of himself & his vicarage; so that he, Simon, be by no means bound to reside in his vicarage in the meanwhile, nor shall he be able unwillingly to be forced thither by any authority whatever;- And this, though there is no express mention of the annual value or of the certainty of the premisses here made, any Act or Statute hitherto in Parliament or otherwise to the contrary published or to be published, or any other matter, thing, or cause whatever, notwithstanding. Provided also that the said church of Roderham and its perpetual * Patent Roll, 33 Henry VIII., part 9, membrane 8 (A.D. 1542), in Aymer’s Foedera, (Ed. 1741), Vol. 6, Part III., p. 73. -- IO 74. 330th crijam. vicarage shall not on that account be deprived of its due funeral services, and the cure of souls in the same shall no wise be neglected, but the usual charges shall be fitly supported; and that the said Simon Clarkson four times in every year of the said ten years, that is once a quarter, shall serve in his said church of Roderham aforesaid, shall publicly preach and set forth the Word and Gospel of God to his parishioners and others coming to it for the time, otherwise our grant and license will be void and without force, and he shall be censured. Witness the King, at Westminster, 27* October. By Writ of Privy Seal. Øig guitition of Cúan trieg. In the following records of reformation rigour, there is at this day, a good deal to sadden the thought. - From the “Certificates of Colleges and Chantries” we learn, officially, the condition of the six chantries and services in Rotherham Parish, as they existed in the early days of Edward VI., the purpose or “necessitie” of each of them (which is particularly noticeable in the case of St. Lawrence of Tynsley), and the property and amount of income of each. Nothing appears from these documents which would impute to the then priests incompetent qualification for the holy office, or improper conduct therein, or sordid motive for holding it. Whatever of evil repute might elsewhere prevail, it does not seem to have defiled the altar services of Rotherham Church. But this was of no avail: the relentless iconaclasm of the period could not recognize, much less could it reverence or spare an embodiment of worship against which its indiscriminate vengeance was directed. - The day-spring of reformation light now crested the high flood tide of national religious life, whose long restrained, but now resistless rush, swept away, —almost as waifs, chantry services, Latin liturgies, and all and sundry the forms, ceremonies, multiplied sacraments, and almost hourly ministrations, which had so long occupied the sainted places in which they had been performed. RoTHERHAM PARISH.” The Chauntry of if Preistes at the Alters of jesus and Our Lady, in the Parrishe Churche there. A Thomas Pylley, of thage of lxiiij yeres, and William Feldishend, of thage of xxx" have none other lyvinges. - Goods, ornamentes, and plate belonging to the sayd chauntry, as apperethe : goods, xxj ix"; Plate, parcell gylte, xlvijounces and a half. - The yerely value of the freehold belonging to the sayd chauntrye, as apperith by the rentall, xij" vſ. viij". Coppiehold, nil. * Whereof resolutes and deduccions by yere, nil. And so remayneth clere to the kinges maiestie by yere, xii;" vſ. viij". The Chauntry of the Crosse in the sayd Parishe Church. Thomas Holden, incombent, of thage of xlvi yeres, hath none other lyving then the proffittes of the Seyd chauntrie. 3. Goods, ornamentes, and plate, as appereth by inventory, belonging to the Seyd chauntrie: goods, vºx"; plate, gylte, xiiijounces. a From “Certificates of Colleges,” No. 64 (8 and 9). 14 Feb., 2 Edward VI. (A.D. 1549). In the Public Record Office. Qſì) : Church in Čarlu Cimeš. - 75 The yerely value of annuall stypend belonging to the sayd chauntry, as particulerly doth appere by the rentall, x" vij vº. Coppiehold, nil. Whereof resolutes and deduccions by yere, xx"; and so remaynethe clere to the kinges maiestie by yere, ix" vij vº. The Service or Guylde of Our Lady, in the sayde Parishe Churche of Rotherham. John Hill, incombent, of thage of lx yeres hath none other lyving then the profitts of the sayd service. - Goods, ornamentes, and plate, belonging to the Sayd service as appereth by inventorie: The yerely value of the freehold belonging to the sayd service or guylde as particularly doth appere by the rental, vi" xj vilj". Coppiehold, nil. - - Whereof resolutes & deduccions by yere, x'. And so remayneth clere to the kinges maiestie by yere, vi" xx". The Service or Guy/d of Saynt Katheryne, in the seyd Parishe Churche. Rychard Lyng, incombent, of thage of lvj yeres hath of the kinge's maiestie one annuall pencion of cvj vilj" ouer & besydes the profittes of the Seyd service. Goods, ornamentes, & plate belonging to the sayd service or guylde as apperith by inventorye: goods, vij v ob.; plate, parcel gylte, xii; ounces j quarter. The yerely value of the freehold belonging to the sayd service or guyld as particulerly doth appere by the rentall vſ" xviij". Coppiehold, nil. Resolutes & deduccions by yere ix" ix". And so remayneth clere to the kinges maiestie by yere, cºjºix". The Chauntry of Our Lady of the Carr in the Parish Churche aforeseyd. George Page, incombent, of thage of lxviij yeres, hath none other lyving then the profittes of the seid chauntrie. - Goods, ornamentes, & plate belonging to the sayd chauntr[ie] as appereth by inventory: goods, ix" iiij"; plate, nil. The yerely value of the sayd chauntrie, viz., freehold therunto belonging as partyculerly doth appere by the rentall iiij" vſ. iiij". Coppiehold, nil. Whereof resolutes and deduccions by yere, xvi". And so remayneth clere to the The Chappell or Parishe Churche of Saynt Lawrence, in Tynslaw, within the Parishe of Rotherham aforseid. John More, incombent, of thage of lxv yeres, hath none other lyving then the tythe belonging to the sayd chappell, which is vsed as a parishe church wherein all sacramentes & Sacramentalles ar ministred, being distaunt from the Parish Churche of Rotherham one myle & ". And is necessarie to continue for thease & communyon of the people there, the waters being troblesom there in wynter. Goods, ornamentes, & plate belonging to the Sayd chappel, as appereth by inventorye: goods, iij x"; plate, parcell gylte, viijounces j quarter. The yerely value of the tythes and profittes belonging to the said chappell as doth appere by the rentall, czij vi". Coppiehold, nil. - Whereof resolutes & deduccions by yere, vi vij". And so remayneth clere over & above the deduccions yerely, cv x". 76 330th crijam. The particulars that follow relate to the same six chantries, but give fuller details as to the properties attached to them. No date is on this set of “Certificates,” but both these returns must have been made within a short time of one another.” The Chauntryes of iſ prestes at thalter of jhesus & Our Lady in the Parysshe Churche of .. Rotherham. Thomas Pylley & Thomas Bayshawe, incumbentes. The same is of the foundacion of Henry Carnebull, sometyme Archedeacon of Yorke, to pray dayly for the soule of Kynge Henry VII, Quene Elizabeth hys wyeff, & Margaret hys mother, Countesse of Rychmond and Derby, and all theyr issue, & for the soules of Thomas Rotheram, Archebysshoppe of Yorke, & Henri Carnebull, & all Christen soules. And to do dyvyne service in the sayd churche for ever more as apperyth by foundacion, dated the x" of Aprill, in the yere of oure Lorde God M'Dv". The same is within the sayd churche. The necessitie is to do dyvine seruice & to pray for all Cristen soules, & on y” behalfe of Thomas Pylley the same foundacion is observid & kept, but y” sayd Thomas Bayshawe is not resident there accordyngly to the foundacion. There is no landes, tenementes sold, ne alyenated sythens the iij" day of February, anno regni regis Henrici vij xxvij". Goodes, ornamentes, & plate pertenyng to y” same, as apperyth by inventory, viz., goodes valued at xlvij vºº, plate xvi;" xiij vi". - Goodes . ſº tº º ge e e xlvij vº Plate . & is e tº © e e tº xvij" xiiij vi" Firste, a yerely Rente commyng furthe of the landes & possessyons of the late Item, a yerely Rente payd by thandes of the Provost and Fellowes of the College of Rotherham, vi" xii; iij". Somme of the sayd chauntry, xij" vi. viij" que rem. The Chauntry at the Alter of the Crosse in the sayd Churche. Thomas Holden, incumbent, founded by John Palden & Issabell hys wyffe to thentente to pray for the Soules of the founders & all Cristen soules, & to do dyuyne seruice & mynistre in tyme of Lent, as apperyth by foundacion, dated xij" Julii, anno domini m'ccccxxj”. The same is within the sayd churche; the necessitie is to pray for the soules departed & to do divine seruice & mynystre in tyme of Lente; there is no landes, tenementes sold ne alyenated sythens the statute. - Goodes, ornamentes, & plate pertenynge to y” same, as apperyth by inventory, viz., goodes valued at x" iij", plate iiij". - - Goodes . • . *...* tº © ſº • sº te x iſ Plate . te e º tºº e © © e gº iiij" messuage, xvi; Ric. Hyrste, one messuage, with a garden, xij"; George Senyor, one cotage, iiij"; John Hyll, one cotage, iij iij"; John Dean, one cotage & a garden, vº; a “Certificates of Colleges,” No. 67 (67 to 73). Public Record Office. Çhe Church in Çarlu (ſim eg. 77 William Jenkynson, one cotage, with a garden, viij"; Wydowe Molerd, one cotage, with a garden, iiij"; Ric. Wallys, one cotage with a garden, iij'; Wydowe Wellys, one cotage with a garden, iij'; Wedowe Robynson, j cotage with a garden, iij"; Edmunde Hyrste, a cotage, xij"; Thomas Cutclose, for a shoppe, iij vilj"; Hugh Ranson, a barne & a garden, iij; John Whyghtman, halfe a stable, viº; William Ingrham & Ric. Brodebent, a house, vº; Thomas Lylle, a chamber, iij; Robt. Donke wyffe, iij, roide pasture lyenge in a close of Badsey More, ix"; Christofer Sell, a tenemente, xx"; Robt. Swyfte, for rente in West gayte, in tholdyng of John Swyfte, xiii; ; Donke wyffe, x acres medewe, x'; Phillip Fleche, a cotage with a garden, viii.; Peter Hachyt, jacres medowe in Grysbroke, iiij vilj"; in all, x* xijj". Somme of the sayd chauntry—x" xijºjº Somme of allowaunce • g º tº º xxxii; iiij" And so remaneth . º º º © ſº º º vij" xvijº ix." The service at thalter of Our Lady in the sayd Churche. John Hyll, incumbent, yº same is of thordynaunce of diuers & well disposed persons of y" Towne of Rotherham to thentente to pray for y” soules of y' benefactours & all Christen soules, & to do dyvyne seruice in the sayd churche & to sing masse of Our Lady at thalter aforseyd euery Satterday at viij of y" cloke. Shewyng no foundacion. The same is within the sayd churche. The necessitie therof is to pray for the soules of the benefactours & all Christen soules, and to do dyvyne seruice in the sayd churche, which is observyd and kepte accordyngly. There is no landes tenementes soldene alyenated sythens y” statute. - Godes, ornamentes, & plate pertenyng to the same chauntry, as apperyth by inventory, viz., godes valued at xvi vij"; plate none. Goodes. ºn º º º º º º e th . xvi vij" Plate . . . - ſº º d º • º mil. Firste, Thomas Kechyn, one cotage & one acre of lande, xiij"; William Derule, a shoppe, j'; John Gellott, a shoppe, j vilj"; Hugh Clayton, a shoppe, j'; George Page, a chamber, iſ"; John Hyll, a chamber, iſ"; Thomas Derman, a stabyll & a chamber, iij x"; John Colte, a cotage, vº; Thomas Nawt, a cotage & a garthen, xij"; Charles Barloo, a cotage, iij : Ric. Lucas, a cotage, viº; Edith Capylwoode, a cotage, iij : Garrett, wyffe, a shoppe & a chamber, j vilj"; William Wytmore, Hugh Ranson, William Cutler, e e s -- s m is e e e º 'º - © º Summe of the sayd seruice, vi" xij vilj". 78 - 330tiſtrijam. Wherof paiable to y” kynges maiestie for the tenthes yerely, viij vij"". To the lorde of Shrwisburye for chyffe rente, ix' jº. To Robt. Swyfte, for cheffe rente, iſ". To Tykehyll Castyll, v pekkys of rye, iſ vi":—in all, xx" iii," ". Somme of allowaunce . . e -> o o xx. iii;" ". . And so remaneth . * e & - o . cxvi. iij" ". The Seruice of Saynt Kateryme in the sayd Churche. Richard Lyng, incumbent, havyng no foundacion but of thordynaunce of dyuers well disposed persons to thentente to pray for the soules of the benefactours & all Christen soules & to do dyuyne seruice & to say masse in y” sayd churche a vi a clocke in y” mornyngwynter & Somer. The same is within in y” sayd churche the necessytie therof is to pray for the soules departed & all Christen soules & to do dyuyne seruice in the sayd churche. There is no landes tenementes sold ne alyenated sythens the statute. Goodes, ornamentes, & plate pertenyng to the same as apperith by inventory, viz., goodes valued at xijº vij", plate lx". Goodes . e e - º º gº º º xiji vij" Plate . . g e o - e * e o lxº Firste, Robt. Swaythe, a parcell of ground called the Crawflatt, x". The same ij acres of lande, xx". The same iij roide of medowe, iſ vi". The same halfe a barne, iij vi"; Richard Hyllyngworth, halfe a barne, iij vi"; William Haryngton, the thurde parte of a shoppe, j'; Thomas Derman, a chambre, xviij"; Thomas Richardson, a cotage, an acre of lande & a halfe & a shoppe in bocher rowe, xijº vij"; Edmonde Cuthfurthawe, one cotage, x"; Thomas Garyett, one cotage with a garden, vº; John Inglande, a cotage & a garthen, iiij"; Thomas Colyar & Roger Padley, iij acres medowe in bradmars, within the lordshype o [sic] Brynsffurth, viij"; Robt. Ellys, one cotage, a gayden, & a close, xxvi. viij"; William Watson, a cotage, viij"; Thomas Styvenson, a shoppe, v"; Edward Robuke, & a barne, called Pykyls, iij". The College of Jhesu, in Rotherham, a parcell of grounde, called the Salte Stone, viij"; George Woode, one rode of medowe, nere Rawmars lane, vi"; William Halle, a cotage & a garden, one roide of medowe in the lordshype of Kymber- worthe, iiij"; Richard Grenwoode, for lande in Greysbroke, vi"; Edmonde Burye, iij rode of lande, xviij":—in all, vi" xviij". Somme of the sayd chauntry, vi" xviij":—Wherof paiable yerely to the kynge's maiestie for a tenthe, viij". To the lorde Shrewysbury for chyffe - - vij" iij". To M* Denman for cheffe out of [the] parcell of medowe in Brodmars, xviij". To the lorde of Kymberworthe - - of a cotage in – – Maribrugh in the Sayd lordeshyppe, xij":—in all, xvijº vij". Somme of allowance . o º * : * > º & xvijº vij" And so remaneth . p e g ſº º te . cij x" The Seruice of Our Lady in the Parysshe Churche of Roderham. George Page, incumbent, the same is of the foundacion of John Letter, a clerk to thentente to pray for the soule of the founder & all Christen soules & to say masse in the sayd churche as apperith by foundacion, dated vltimo Augusti A" dini mccoxviij”. The same is within [the sayd] parysshe [churche, the necessitie] therof is - – soule - - * Christen - - - Oſije Čijurch in Čarlg (Timrå. 79 [Goodes, &c.] - - plate - - apperyth, - - valued - - plate, none. - Goodes, x" iij". Plate, mil. [Fir]ste, a yerely rent comynge forthe of the landes & possessions of the late monasterye of Burton iiij" vj vij". And the rent of one cotage, with - acres lande lyenge in the towne & feldes of Rotherham, xiij"; in all sºm iiij" - vij". Somme of the sayd chauntry, iij - - Paiable yerely to y” kynges maiestie for a tenthe, vij" iij". To the lorde of Shrewisbury for chyffe rente, xvi"; in all vilj vilj". Somme of allowaunce . º g º º tº vii; viij" And so remaneth tº º º * & º iiij" xj. The Seruice at thalter of Seint Laurence, within the Chappell of Tymyslake, in yº sayd Parysshe of Rotherham. John More, incumbent, founded of thauncettours of Thomas Wentworth, Esqueyer, & Nicholas Denman the yonger, Gentylman, to thentente the incumbente in the same seruice shulde pray for the soules of the Founders and all benefactours to the same, and all Christen soules, beynge bounde to mynystre the sacrement to all the seke folke within the Townes of Tymnyslake, Brynsforth, Orgrave, & Catclyff, at suche tyme when the waters be vppe, & all other tymes when nede shall requyere, and to say masse, mattens, and evynsonge euery Sonday and holyday. Shewyng no Foundacion. - The same is within the sayd parysshe, & dystaunte from y” churche ij myles, the necessitie is to pray for the soules of y” Founders & all Christen soules, as also to mynistre to the seke people the sacrement, when as the waters of Rother and Downe are so vrgent that the curate of Rotherham cannot to theyme repayre, nor the inhabitantes of Tymnyslaw, Brynsforth, Orgrave, or Catclyff vnto hyme, nother on hors backe or bote, and the same is obserued and kept accordyngly. There is no landes, tenementes soldene alyenated sythens y” statute. Goodes, ornamentes, and plate pertenying to the same as apperythe by Inventory, viz.: goodes valued at vilj"; plate, XXXix". Goodes, vijº. Plate, xxxix". Firste, one acre of lande in thodyng of thincumbent, viij"; tythe corne and haye, yerely, iiij"; two partes of the prevey tythes, ix"; two parts of tythe wolle and laine belongyng to the Sayd Seruice, vſ"; two partes of pygges, geyse, & egges, viij"; in all iiij" xv.j" iij"; Somme of the sayd Chauntrye iij" xv.j" iij", wherof, paiable yerely to the kynges maiestie for a tenthe, viij"j""; to the lorde of Shrewysbury for the thurde parte of tythe corne and haye belongynge to the sayd seruice, xxvi. viij"; to the Chappell within the Castell of Tyckhyll, for a yerely pensyon, vi vij"; in all xlj" v"". Somme of allowaunce . * e - * e xlj v ºr And so remaneth > & n * º º Hijº x * * XX Somme of the saide goods . º is iiijxix" if ix. " - [:699 3s. 9dº.] Somme of the saide plate º <> º cccxxxiiij" xvijº Somme of Saide possessions. º ſº Dji xvi. vii;" - XX Somme of the saide deduccions º º iiijxij" xviij iij ºr " And so remayneth cler º º gº cccclvijº Kvij" iij " " " 8O - 33 otheriyam. NoTEs of ENTRIES on THE PATENT Rolls RELATING To Roth ERHAM. - The Names are those of the Grantees. For foundation of the Chantry of Holy Cross.” George, Earl of Salop. Lordship of Rotherham, with all messuages and lands belonging in Rotherham, Thurleston, Charlecotes, and Wyuleden; also Rectory of Rotherham and Patronage of the Vicarage, lately belonging to the Abbey of Rufford.” Nicholas Wombwell. Stenoclyff Grange, in the parish of Rotherham and Ecclesfield.” William Ramsden. Messuage and Grange called Carehouse, belonging to the Monastery, Monkbretton, the text of the “Grant” of which is given hereafter." Nicholas, Archbishop of York. Advowson of Rotherham (among others)." William Swifte. Fourteen shillings rent, arising from a tenement in Westgate, a cottage, chamber, and lands, all lately belonging to the Chantry of the Holy Cross." Laurence Woodnett, Anthony Collyns, and heirs. Cottage and garden in Westgate, and other cottages and lands in the town and parish.” Ed. Downing and others. All the lands, tenements, &c., belonging to the late Chantries of Blessed Mary and St. Katherine; also property at Laxton (co. Notts.) lately belonging to Jesus College.” - William Typper and Robert Dawe. Grant by Crown of a great many ſecclesiastical] properties, among which is all that land or annual rent in Rotherham, formerly given and appointed for the maintenance of an obit or anniversary, or to the support of a priest or chapel with masses, or to other uses within the parish church of Rotherham for ever." George Warde and Robert Morgan. Stable in Rotherham rented at 6s., late part of possessions of Chantry of Holy Cross; also cottage and garden rented at 5.5., late part of possessions of Chantry of Blessed Mary in the parish church of Rotherham. Francis Phillips and Rich. More. Cottage, with a barn and two acres of arable, in the common fields, value 245., part of possessions of Chantry of Holy Cross." Francis Morrice. Cottage, garden, chamber, stable and office, belonging to Chantry of Holy Cross in church of Rotherham." - Francis Morrice and others. Cottage and garden, also a stable, late belonging to Chantry of Holy Cross; a cottage, and a cottage and garden, belonging to the Chantry of St. Katherine. Also land at Hansworth Woodhouse, late belonging to Jesus College.” Ralph Wise and others. Tithes of corn, an annual pension of 33s. 4d. from the church of Rotherham, to the Priory of the Monastery of St. Pannasius. (Grisbrooke, Daltons et Morthing, in Rotherham parish." William Scriven and others. A cottage in Wellgate, in tenure of Edom Capelwood, part of the Chantry of Blessed Mary; and a cottage and garden in Marshbrough, part of the Chantry of St. Katherine.” * II Henry IV., Part I, m. I5 (A.D. I.4Io). * 33 Elizabeth, Part I, m. 36 (begins on m. 34) (A.D. * 29 Henry VIII., Part I, m. Io, II (A.D. 1538). I591). - ° 32 Henry VIII., Part I, m. 30 (A.D. I54I). • j 5 James I., Part 27 (A.D. 1608). * 36 Henry VIII., Part 6, m. 29-33 (A.D. 1545). * 6 James I., Part 2 (A.D. 1609). * 5 and 6 Philip and Mary, Part 2, m. Io (1558-g). - ! II James I., Part 8 (22nd September, A.D. 1614). * I Mary, Part 6, m. 7, 8 (A.D. I554). m 12 James I., Part 9 (26th November, A.D. 1615). g 26 Elizabeth, Part I5, m. II (A.D. 1584). * 4 Charles I., Part 25 (A.D. 1629.) * 30 Elizabeth, Part I5, m. I-II (A.D. I588). ° 9 Charles I., Part 8 (A.D. I634). The Church in Čarly Times. 8. The following document relates to Carr House, near Rotherham, which in earlier times, appears from a fine old engraving of it, to have been a much more important mansion and demesne than it is at present. An annual payment to the priest of the chantry of the Blessed Mary, in Rotherham Church, seems to have been reserved at the time the property of the chantry was confiscated. The king to all, &c. [For the sum of £ 1,033 5s. paid into the Court of Augmenta- tions of the Crown, grants to William Ramsden certain properties in Northampton & Yorkshire.] Together with all that our mesuage and grange, with appurtenances called Carre House, situated, lying, & being in the town of Gressebrook, in the parish of Roderham, in the county of York, but late belonging & pertaining to the monastery of Monkbretton in the same county, & now or late in the tenure or occupation of John Wirrall, Hugh Wirrall, & Thomas Wirrall, or any of them or their assigns, & all & singular the houses, buildings, lands, tenements, fields, meadows, pastures, commons, rents, reversions, services, & other our hereditaments whatsoever, with all their appurtenances in Gresebrook & Roderham aforesaid, & whatever else belongs in any way to the said grange called Carr House, or was demised, allotted, or occupied therewith, and late belonging or pertaining to the said late monastery of Monkbretton & being part of the possessions thereof * & And the said grange, called Carr House, and the said lands, tenements, and the rest of the premisses in Gressbrook & Roderham aforesaid now extend to the clear annual value of 59 shillings and 8 pence" * # to be held of us, our heirs & successors in chief by the service of the sixtieth part of a knight's fee, and to be paid to us, our heirs & successors for the aforesaid # #: grange, called Carr House, & the rest of the premisses, in the little town [villata] of Gressebrook & in the said parish of Roderham five shillings eleven pence halfpenny. - [William Ramsden & his heirs are acquitted from all charges on the properties granted, except a few reservations, one as follows]. - ! Saving 73s. 4d.” yearly, to be paid to a chantry priest of the chantry of the Blessed Mary, founded within the Church of Roderham, and his successors, for their salary or stipend. * * Witness Katherine, Queen of England, and general Rectrix of the same at Oking, 14 Sept." The Queen to all, &c. Know that we for the sum of £433 8s. I 134 of legal money of England, well and truly paid, to the hands of Edward Peckham, knight, in the life-time of our most dear brother, Edward VI., late king of England, to the use of him, our brother, by our beloved Thomas York, of Assheby, in our county of Lincoln, knight, and William Swift, of Haitfelde, in our county of York, gentleman. * * * We have given [several properties in Staynforth and Doncaster] &c., &c. And also all that our annual free rent of 14., late part of the possessions and revenues of the late Chantry of Holy Cross, in Roderham, in our said county of York, arising out of the tenements of Robert Swift, gentleman, in the street called Westgate, in Roderham aforesaid, now or late in the tenure or occupation of John Swift; and a cottage of ours, with appurtenances, in Roderham aforesaid, now or late in the tenure or occupation of Richard Illingworth, belonging of late to the Said late Chantry of Holy Cross, in Roderham aforesaid. And a room with appurtenances in Roderham aforesaid, now or late in the tenure or occupation of Thomas * & " These figures are so in the Roll, but it is singular * Patent Roll, 36 Henry VIII., part 6, m. 29-33 that the sum reserved for the priest’s stipend is larger (A.D. 1545). ** than the value of the Rotherham property granted. H I 82 Häntiſtrijam. Lilley, and belonging of late to the said late Chantry of Holy Cross in Roderham. And three roods of our land and pasture, inclosed, with appurtenances in Roderham, now or lately in the tenure or occupation of Thomas Rosewell, belonging lately to the said late Chantry of Holy Cross, in Roderham aforesaid, &c., &c." A long preamble recites that Whereas in the Parliament begun 21 Oct. 2 & 3 Phil. & Mary it was enacted that divers rectories, benefices, tithes, &c., which from 20th year of Henry VIII. had come into the possession of that king, & on his death into the hands of Edward VI., & afterwards into our possession, should be disposed, ordered, applied & converted by the most rev. Cardinal Reginald Pole then legate [de latere legatum] from our holy lord the Pope, & now Primate of England, in augmentation & increase of annual pensions [victuum], incumbencies, or of other poor cures & benefices or otherwise in support of the aforesaid or of the exhibition of scholars in England, as might seem most fitting to the wisdom & discretion of the cardinal; which said rectories, &c., still are in our hands: and Whereas, also we are given to understand that very many of the said vicarages are vacant at present, and entirely wanting in curates within the whole diocese of this our kingdom, partly by reason of the death of the incumbents of those vicarages, who have lately died, and chiefly because the revenues of those vicarages are so narrowed that they are not sufficient to nourish and support able & learned curates there, whereby it comes to pass that the people & common folk of our kingdom are very little taught in the true & Catholic doctrine & religion and the sacraments are not administered, to the high anger of Almighty God & the danger of many Christian soules, &c., &c., & as the care for all these things belongs to the ordinary of the diocese, We therefore desiring to exonerate ourselves wholly from these cares, & in consideration of the sum of seven thousand pounds of legal money spontaneously paid by Cardinal Pole with the consent of the rest of the prelates of our kingdom out of the rents & revenues of the aforesaid benefices, into our hands for the defense of our kingdom * * have granted & given to the Rev. Father in Christ, Nicholas, Archbishop of York, all those our patronages, advowsons, gifts, free dispositions, & rights of patronage of the vicarages, rectories, & Churches of Hallyfaxe, Connysbourghe, Brawell alias Braythewell, Rotheram, Harthill alias Herthill [& 28 other places] with the whole of their rights & appurtenances in co. York & diocese of York as fully as they were enjoyed by Henry VIII.” The Queen to all, &c., greeting. Know that we, as well in consideration of the manor of Finchey, alias Fengey, with its whole rights, members, and appurtenances, in our county of Kent, lately bargained, sold, given, & granted to us, our heirs & successors, by our beloved undernamed Thomas Fludd, of Milgate, in our said county, esquire, Henry Breckhull, of Aldington, Nicholas Gylborne, of Charinge, and John Gough, of Mylgate aforesaid, in the said county of Kent, gentlemen, as on the humble petition of Robert, Earl of Essex, and in consideration of the good, true, and acceptable services done and rendered to us by the same Earl before this, and for different other causes and considerations specially moving us, by our grace, &c., have given and granted to Edmund Downing & Miles Dodinge, gentlemen, [large properties, among which are] all those our lands, tenements, meadows, pastures and hereditaments with appurtenances, in our said co. York, * Patent Roll, 1 Mary, Part 6, m, 7, 8. (Westminster, 13th June A.D, 1554). * Patent Roll, 5 & 6 Phil. & Mary, part 2, m. Io (A.D. 1558-9). Qſìje (Tijurch in Çarlg (Tim eş. 83 lately belonging to the Chantry of the Blessed Mary and St. Catherine, in Roderham, in our said county of York, which now or late were in the tenure or occupation of Thomas Williamson or his assigns, of the yearly value of £4 IIs. 4d. $ % Which premisses belonging to the said Chantry of the Blessed Mary and St. Katherine, in Roderham, were demised and granted by our letters patent bearing date 11th day of December, 24th year of our reign, to William Barton, gentleman, for a term of twenty-one years, beginning from the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, then last past, and for the annual rent of £4 IIs. 4d. % * And all our Rectory and Church of Laxton, with their whole rights, members, and appurtenances, in our co. Nottingham, formerly belonging and pertaining to the College of Jesus, in Roderham, in our county of York." These documents have told their tale, the decree had gone forth, and the chantries were abolished—the chantry priests dispersed—their “goods, ornaments, and plate,” seized, appraised, and sold : their revenues made up of innumerable benefactions, bestowed in bygone centuries by Christian persons, unquestionably (if superstitiously) for pious uses, in the summa totalis, which “remayneth clere,” is declared to belong to the “king's majestie,” and the decree is carried into effect by most willing hands, without mitigation or remorse. We may here, perhaps, best leave this earlier account of the Church for the present, by giving extracts from a paper read before the Rotherham Literary and Scientific Society, in 1875, by j. B. Mitchell-Withers, Esq., on “Rotherham Church : its architectural history,” in which he adduces strong evidence in favour of the opinion which has long traditionally prevailed, that to Archbishop Rotherham we are mainly indebted for Rotherham Church in its present perfected form; and this will lead us from the enquiry as to who may be accredited with the building and completion of this noble edifice, to the further enquiry as to the life, times, and good deeds of the noble man to whom it is attributed. Of Archbishop Rotherham, Mr. Mitchell-Withers says, “It is, I think, worth while to consider the means he had of acquiring architectural knowledge (not that for a moment I suppose he was the actual designer or architect of the building) to enable him to carry out so fine a structure, as even we see it to be, after being stripped of its magnificient decorations, and left to undergo centuries of neglect.” He instances his having been so closely connected with three of our most magnificent cathedrals, and his mind having been thereby imbued with a love for their grand proportions and lively details:–also that the germs of his education in building matters were sown at his university, at which the magnificent Chapel of King's College was building at that time;—and he instances his friendship with John Alcock, Bishop of Ely, whom he appointed as supervisor of his will, and who was comptroller of the royal works and buildings under Henry VII., as furnishing another clue to his love of the mason's craft. Mr. Mitchell-Withers' conclusion is that “there seems little doubt that the nave, aisles, transepts, and the upper part of the tower and spire may be safely assigned to him, whilst the arcade of the chancel and lower part of the tower seem to belong to an earlier part of his century.” It would not be fair in the discussion of this important question, not to afford Mr. Mitchell-Withers space for the exposition of his views in favour of Archbishop Rotherham, room having been given for the opposite view, and they are well * Patent Roll, 30 Elizabeth, Part I 5, membs. 1-1 1 (A.D. 1588). 84. 330th crijam. worth it. After giving many parallel instances in support of his opinions he says, “The earliest part of the present church are the arcades in the chancel. The piers are octagonal in form, their capitals moulded and embattled, they carry simple arches of two orders chamfered, their bases having a large hollow, surmounted by a roll. The character of this work is perpendicular but earlier than the nave.” % * # “The remains of the water tabling on the tower mark the pitch of the roof as it was at the date of the arcade, proving that no clerestory existed at that time, and that the windows in the tower looked over the chancel roof, as well as over those of the transepts of that day, thus the tower was a central lantern. The present clerestory is 16th century work, its tracery lights being formed of elliptic curves, very flat, and devoid of cusping; there are four three-light windows on each side, and the piers between them are so light, as to resemble a thick monial, more than a pier. Small shafts, octagonal in plan, supported on embattled corbels, carry the curved feet of the roof principals." The chancel was lengthened at the time of the clerestory being added, and the late perpendicular window, now removed, would be, no doubt, erected at that time.” ” # * “The lower part of the tower seems earlier than the nave, but its arches, and their piers have evidently been cut and altered into their present shape, the mouldings of a later date being inserted. The remainder of the fabric may, I think, be safely ascribed to Archbishop Rotherham, and it is believed, that if not the chief founder, he was by far the principal contributor to it, and that without his assistance it would have been a difficult task, even for a parish extensive as this was, and aided by the funds of a wealthy monastic establishment, to have borne the expense of such a fabric. This prelate was evidently one who wished to secure for his church the best architecture, ornaments, and ritual of his day: that he believed in an aesthetic service as an assistance, and not as a vital principle, may be gathered from the reasons stated by himself for the establishment of a music fellowship in the college, namely, that as many rude countrymen resort to the church, they may be induced to come more frequently, and to love Christianity more if the services are skilfully performed. The vestments and utensils of the altar were of the most gorgeous description and beautiful workmanship.” + “ ” " “But we must return to the examination of the Archbishop's work, and cannot do better than examine the vaulting of the tower; it is a fan vault, a very unusual thing to find in this part of the country, and had we not known its founder's history, it would have surprised us to have found it here. But when we remember our study of his early associations, we are at no loss to account for it. King's College Chapel is all vaulted with this class of groining: Bishop Alcock's Chapel at Ely is also ceiled in the same way.” Mr. Mitchell-Withers gives the dates of many similar examples, and proceeds: “On the whole we may fix the introduction of the vaulting in the first quarter of the 15th century. The great works of known date, viz., the central tower of Canterbury, King's College Chapel, Henry VII.'s Chapel at Westminster, and Bath Abbey Church, are all about I 500. “There is a peculiarity of form in this example of Rotherham from the omission of the circular horizontal enclosing rib at the junction of the fan part of * This does not appear to have been the case, as traces of the weather-moulding of the chancel before it received its clerestory appear at the east end. Qſìje (Tijutti, in Čarlg Cimeš. 85 the vault, with the crown of the vault, the vertical ribs being continued to the central straight ridge. A similar arrangement is found, I believe, at Sherbourne Priory. The nave and transepts are of the same period, the nave having four bays or divisions. The piers of the arcade first demand our attention, they are of that diamond shape so often used towards the close of the 15th century, generally much wider from north to south that from east to west. This class of pier generally has partially continuous mouldings, forming the arch carried by it (in this case they are entirely so). The piers themselves are more like thick monials than piers. # * The capitals are carved in low relief, with embattled cresting, and of their kind are beautiful examples of this class of carving. The external roll of the pier is carried up perpendicularly to the roof beams, and after continuing round the arch, branches off at its apex in the same direction. Thus we have the clerestory divided into compartments by these rolls, and in each of these compartments a window of three lights. % # # # & The aisles are lighted by three-light windows, those on the north being different from the south, having richer traceried transoms, and the primary lines of the tracery being more symmetrical. The whole of the windows and doors are richly moulded, the elongated hollow, technically known as the casement mould, occurring in all combinations with chamfered and small rolls. There is a moulded string course below these windows in each aisle. - “The west window is a fine example of seven lights, and the western doorway (restored) with its small decorated buttresses, and crocketed canopy, and pannelled spandrells, forms an important feature in this front. It is opened out after being blocked up for a number of years, and affords access to the church by a flight of inside steps.” - Such are the principal points adduced by Mr. Mitchell-Withers, and it may be freely admitted that in some respects his citation of the authoritative evidence of the architectural style in the different portions of the fabric, and especially as to the changes in the tower is conclusive. His case also receives considerable support from what may be termed the involuntary testimony of the York records already quoted, to this effect; that although the House of Rufford on becoming possessed of this wide domain, with its church, manifested great alacrity in setting about the reparation of the latter, especially as to the tower, in 1300, and again in 1409, yet that in each instance, it invokes the supreme authority and adopts the ordinance of indulgences of the Metropolitan Church to enable it to raise the means required for the work being done. The tower requiring repair in 1300, would be the comparatively dwarfed lantern Norman tower, resting on plainer and much less lofty arches, and in 1409 this would be the same, as the present fan vaulting would not then have been introduced nor would the present lofty, richly moulded arches then exist; and that, therefore, whilst the rich House of Rufford, aided by general contributions, which had to be stimulated by personal privileges, might suffice to undertake and accomplish the comparatively inexpensive reparation of the then fabric, yet that such costly additions and enlarged dimensions as are described by Mr. Mitchel/-//ithers, would require, and could only possibly be accomplished by the assistance of such practical architectural knowledge as Archbishop Rotherham is shown to have possessed, and such munificent pecuniary liberality as he had frequently displayed. The extraordinary gorgeousness, and attractiveness of the service supported by 86 isotherham. him, is also tacit testimony that the corresponding perfection of the fabric of the church enshrining this grand ritual, and these solemn celebrations, would not be unregarded or unaided by him. - In the Constitution of Walter, Archbishop of York, published 1250, “Sacerdotal vestments were to be found by the people. The church was to have a bier, a bason of holy water, a picture for the people to kiss, a candlestick for the paschal taper, an incense pot, a lantern with bell, to carry the Host to the sick, a veil to secure the altar during Lent, and two small candlesticks for the acolothists, an altar-piece, surplices, rochets, with copes, chasubles, dalmatics, and all their appendages of albs, amyts, &c.; with a pix, a banner for rogation days, bells, fonts, and an image of the tutelar saint, were to be found by the people.” In his day, the Archbishop does this, in priceless profusion, but only to endure for a brief space of time. Sacerdotal supremacy had reached its proudest swell; the sterling and true-hearted zeal, love, and liberality of such Christian prelates as Archbishop Rotherham, could not redeem the vast and predominant mockery and misrule which almost universally prevailed. The minds of the people had become alienated from devotion to the Church by the ignorance, indolence, and loose- living amongst the monks, and the wealth and worldly aggrandisement of the mass of the prelates. The new religious revolution of the Black friars of Dominic and the Grey friars of Francis, although hailed with enthusiasm, could not restore the weight and influence which a long course of neglect on the part of the parochial priesthood, yet accompanied by a strict exaction of clerical fees, had irretrievably lost. Therefore it was that the gorgeous ceremonies, the altar service, the splendid processions, the pictured walls, and the entrancing harmonies which floated like “airs from heaven” when all else was of “the earth, earthy,” though still imposingly present in sensuous exaltation, were but waiting for the “Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin.” In the interval, and in these after-times, with all their mighty and most momentous changes, there intervenes an era in the history of Rotherham, dating from the year 1482 to 1548, in which brief space of time it is religiously and scholastically raised to its highest point of ecclesiastical and scholastic elevation and from which, cruelly deprived of its proud and precious privileges, it is left in a state of moral and religious darkness, all the deeper and denser in contrast with the glorious light in which it had so lately rejoiced, and which perhaps it trusted would stedfastly endure. On the 24th of August, 1423, Sir John Rotherham had born unto him at Rotherham, a son who was named Thomas, and during whose youth, as related by himself, there was in Rotherham “a teacher in grammar,” under whose teaching the rudimentary groundwork of that solid learning was laid, in which year by year, and with exceptional rapidity, he so conspicuously excelled, as to claim and attain at an early age, the highest collegiate distinction, and onward through periods of fearful conflict and convulsion, the highest eminence in Church and State. It is of Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, and Lord High Chancellor of England, we have now to treat. - - Øs. Jſ ºzzzzzº- ! № ----} §§§§ · （…）：Cººſae §§©®. （~€:· |-----…” ©&®.№ --~~~~ º º º º º ºf | - ărthbishop Hiſtſ) trijäm. When faith and love which parted from thee never, Had ripen'd thy just soul to dwell with God, Meekly thou didst resign this early load Of death, call'd life, which us from life doth sever. Thy works and alms, and all thy good endeavour Staid not behind, nor on the grave were trod; But, as Faith pointed with her golden rod, Follow'd thee up to bliss and joy for ever, Milton. | HOMAS DE ROTHERHAM, Archbishop of York, was one of #| the ablest and most distinguished men of his day, both in Church and State. He was the greatest benefactor to the Town of Rotherham it ever had, or perhaps ever will have. There is but little doubt that a considerable portion of the Church is at once a monument of his munificence, piety, and taste; and the scanty and despoiled remains of his College of Jesus, originally “sumptuously builded of brike,” still exists. Yet, up to a recent period, a legend of his having been a foundling, and named after the name of the town in which he was found, that in some mysterious way he grew up to be a great man, and in some equally mysterious way built the College, were the only intangible traces of his grand life, and the only meagre and vague regard manifested for his inappreciable benefactions to his native town, by his native tCWI). Considering that for so many years he filled the highest offices in Church and State, that he was one of the most prominent personages in the extraordinary and ever changing scenes of one of the most perturbed periods of our history, the records of his life are most insufficient and unsatisfactory, and we are almost altogether thrown upon Cole’s MS. collections for all that can be gathered of the remarkable ability and unusual distinction which marked his early years, and by which he was distinguished through every period, and in every position of his eventful life. - 88 330th crijam. Cole's narrative is brief, but apparently carefully compiled, and with a due appreciation of the noble character of him whose good deeds and high endow- ments he lovingly describes. It may not be amiss to premise that the name of Rotherham was of note before the time of Bishop Rotherham, for amongst the receivers of petitions from beyond sea, appointed by Parliament, I Henry V. (1413), is Sire Johan Roderham.” * What next follows then is nearly a literal transcript, with some of his explanatory notes, from Cole’s MS.," in which his own quaint and pleasant style is preserved. • Thomas Scot, alias Rotheram, Fellowe, first of King's College [Cambridge], Chaplain to King Edward IV., Provost of Beverley, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, Bishop of Rochester and Lincoln, Chancellor of England, and of this University, built the School gates, with the Consistory and Library there; contributed to the renewing of St. Mary's Church; finished and endowed Lincoln College in Oxford; chosen Master of this Hall [Pembroke] in 1480, and that year Archbishop of York; Legate to the Pope; and secretary to four kings; he resigned this mastership in 1488, having built Jesus College at Rotheram, and the three Houses of his Archbishoprick; he gave books, and died of the Plague in 1500. This great prelate was the son of Sir Thomas Scot, alias Rotheram, of Rotheram, in the County of York, knight, by Alice his wife. He was born at Rotherham on St. Bartholomew's Day,” August 24th, 1423; and took his name, as it was usual at that time, say the writers who mention him," for ecclesiastics to do, from the place of their birth. But in this instance the observation will not hold good; as both his father and brother were called so also ; Sir John Rotheram, his brother, in the reign of Edward V., being lord of the Manor of Somereys, in Bedfordshire, and High Sheriff for that county. This I collect from an ancient pedigree, which is copied from one in Caius College Library; as also from a printed, though not published, account of some Antiquities in the Church of Luton, in Bedfordshire, collected by Mr. Blomefeild, the industrious Norfolk Antiquarian; who, after he had printed my whole sixth volume almost of these my collections, which I had lent him, utterly unknown to me, found he had matter sufficient for a quarto volume, and so cancelled about 28 pages of his “Collectanea,” being inscriptions in the churches of Luton and Cadington in Bedfordshire, Atwood in Buckinghamshire, and the famous Roll of the Monks of Ely, and entirely confined his book to Antiquities in Cambridgeshire. He received the first part of his education in his native country,” and was then sent to Cambridge, where, in 1444, he was admitted one of the first scholars of King's College, just then founded by the pious and holy King Henry VI. The worthy editor of Godwin says," that being one of the first scholars of King's College, he was chosen Fellow of * Rot. Parl., Vol. 4., p. 3". 4. * Cole’s MSS. of the Antiquities of Cambridgeshire, Vol. 19, pp. 175-190 (British Museum Add. MS., 582O). The Rev. William Cole, in the last century, made large manuscript collections on antiquarian and topographical subjects, many volumes of which he left to the British Museum. This Vol. Ig is dated 1747, but it contains notes added during many years later. (J.G.) * Godwin “De Praesulibus Angliae Com.,” p. 698. * Drake’s “Antiquities of York,” p. 446, and Godwin ut Supra. * My MS. Coll., Vol. II, p. 1489. * “Collectanea,” by Mr. Blomefeild, p. 12. g In his remarkable will he says “Because I was born in the town of Roderham. * * And in which place also was a teacher of grammar, who came to Roderham, I know not by what fate, but I believe it was by the grace of God he came thither, who taught me and other youths, whereof others with me reached higher stations.” Hunter says: “Among those who having been initiated into good letters at Rotherham under this good schoolmaster, attained afterwards to eminent stations in the Church and State, were probably the three Blythes of Norton, two of whom became bishops, Henry Carnebull, the Archdeacon of York, and perhaps Rokeby, of the family at Thundercliffe Grange, who was afterwards Archbishop of Dublin.” South Yorkshire II., p. 6, col. I. (J.G.) * Godwin, p. 698. 3rch fligijap 33 ºth crijam. 89 Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge," which I can no otherwayse account for, than that Dr. John Langton, the Master of Pembroke Hall, being in so great favour with the Royal Founder of King's College, as to be one of the five appointed to draw up the statutes for the same, he might so far favour him as to take him from a new and hardly settled scholarship to a From what has been said, I think it very clear that he was not originally of Oxford, as asserted by Anthony Wood; for if he was born, as mentioned in his will, in 1423, and admitted scholar of King's College in 1444, he could only be 21 years of age; the statutable time for such admissions by the founder's directions; and if he went soon after to a Fellowship at Pembroke, I see not any probability of his studying elsewhere than at Cambridge, his own University; for as to the epistle from the University of Oxford to him when Bishop of Lincoln, in which epistle, says Mr. Wood, are certain circumstances which show that he had sometimes studied in the said University; and besides, the members thereof did seldom or never write epistles to any, except such as who had originally been students among them. I say, as to these circumstances in the epistle showing him to be of any other University than Cambridge, it would have been satisfactory to have produced them; till which time we shall beg leave to claim him wholly as our own; and as to that University writing to him when Bishop of Lincoln, I can see no impropriety, even though they wrote epistles to their own members, why that or any other University should not write complimentary epistles to their own diocesan; Oxford then standing in the diocese of Lincoln. Yet Mr. Baker, in a note upon this place of Mr. Wood,” seems to think it probable that he might have been of that University, in the same manner as some of Cardinal Wolsey’s first scholars were fetched from Cambridge to his foundation at Christ's Church. Yet I think Mr. Baker did not know the age, and other circumstances to the contrary alleged above; or he would not so readily have assented to this larceny. The note I refer to is copied, among a thousand others, either emendatory or critical, upon Mr. Wood’s “Athenae Oxonienses,” from those wrote by Mr. Baker, and left in trust with my worthy friend Dr. Middleton, by him to be given to the University Library, and exactly copied by me into my edition of the same book. Yet still I know not how to reconcile his being made Fellow of Pembroke Hall, according to a note of Dr. Richardson ; inasmuch as it seems most probable that he was Fellow of King's College in 1457, at which time he, with Walter Feild, another of the fellows of the same college, and afterwards provost, on a vacancy of the Rectory of Kingston, near Cambridge, were put in trust by the college, who were patrons of the living, to present for that time Provost Woodlarke to the same; now I hardly think it probable, that the college would nominate, on such a trust, a fellow of another society, and place his name before that of one of their better establishment in his own college. * Wm. Botoner, alias de Wyrcester, in his “Annales Rerum Anglicanarum,” p. 508, printed at the end of “Liber Niger Scaccarii,” Edit. 1771, makes him to have been Archdeacon of Canterbury in June, I466, at the time when Edward IV. made him Keeper of the Privy Seal. If he was so, he is omitted as such in Le Neve and other writers. In the notes at the end of the said book, p. 666, &c., are many curious anecdotes relating to Archbishop Rotherham, unknown to me when I wrote this account, and which will serve to amend and correct many errors and mistakes, which persons like myself, who write in the dark, and for want of proper information, must necessarily fall into. To make things appear consistent, we are often, at this distance of time, obliged to build upon conjecture, which often, though probable, is utterly false. Bishop Wren, no more than myself, was not satisfied about his ever having been Fellow of Pembroke Hall.—v. p. 689 [of the same Vol. of “Liber Niger”]. “Thomas Rotheram, alias Scot, chosen Master, Io Calends of June, I480;-1467, Bishop of Rochester;-- I47I, Bishop of Lincoln —I474, Lord Chancellor of England.—Chancellor of the University, 1469.-He built the gate of the public Schools, as also the two wings of the schools, and the last end of the library, almost at his own expense.—D.D., 1460.-Gave to the University the right of patronage to the Vicarage of Campsall, York- shire.”—MS., Wren. * “If Thomas Rotherham were elected from Eton to King's College (as Hatcher has it) he could not well be of Oxford; but some of the first scholars of King's College could not easily be elected from Eton (whereof Rotheram was one) the college and school being founded at the same time, and so he might probably be of Oxford; as some of Cardinal Wolsey’s first scholars were brought from Cam- bridge, though he founded a college and school at the same time at Ipswich. Jo. Chedworth, one of the first at King's undoubtedly came from Oxford; though Hatcher has likewise brought him from Eton.”—MS. Note of Mr. Baker, in his copy of Ath. Oxon, Vol. I, p. 641. Godwin, p. 698. I 2 90 330th crijam. own members in the same Commission. However this may be, he was soon taken notice of for his parts and sufficiency, as appears by this preference in his own college; as also by his being made chaplain to John Vere, the twelfth Earl of Oxford; yet such is the gratitude of Thomas Caius in his animadversions on john Caius his “Antiquity of the University of Cambridge,” that because our Archbishop Rotheram, Bishop Fox of Winchester, and Bishop Smyth of Lincoln, were of our University, though all of them founders of colleges in the other, yet rather than Cambridge should have the merit of breeding up these great men in learning, he ungratefully hints to us, that it was not their learning which occasioned their promotion, but other qualifications, which recommended them to the royal favour. On the 9th of October, 1462, being B.D. he was collated by his fellow collegian, Bishop Chedworth, to a prebend in his Church of Lincoln, called Welton-Brinkhall; and on the 20th of July, 1465, he was installed Prebendary of Netherhaven, in the Cathedral of Salisbury; and on the 13th of February of the same year he was presented by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Rectory of St. Vedast's, Foster Lane, in London, which he held only two years. By his will it also appears that he had been Rector of Ripple, and Provost of the College of Wingham in Kent. He is also said to have been Provost of the Collegiate Church of Beverley, but if he was so, his name is omitted in the lists of those provosts given us in the “Monasticon,” and in Mr. Brown Willis's “History of Abbeys”; it is therefore more probable that he was only Prebendary of that Collegiate Church, according as Mr. Drake has it. He was Chaplain to King Edward IV., and his Keeper of the Privy Seal;" and in 1468, being D.D. he was made Bishop of Rochester, licence of consecration out of the Church of Canterbury being granted the 27th of March of that year. Here he sat only three years; but the year after his promotion to that see, the University of Cambridge was so sensible of his merit, that they chose him their chancellor, in which office he was continued no less than ten years, viz., from 1469 to 1479; and then discontinued only four years; for in 1483 the University chose him again into that office, which he had underwent so much to his own reputation and their satisfaction, in which they continued him two years more. In 1471, 12 Edward IV., he was translated from Rochester to Lincoln, to the chapter of which church licence of election was granted 7th December of that year, the temporalities of which were restored to him on the Ioth of March following. Bishop Godwin says that he was made Chancellor of England 14 Edward IV., viz., 1475,” and held that office during his life. But this seems to be a “Sceletos Canta- brigiensis,” p. 53. “Animadversiones, Thoma Caii, &c.,” p. 394, Edit. Hearnii Mr. By. Willis’s “Hist. of Cath.,” vol. 2, p. 258. “Antiq. of Salisbury & Bath,” p. 333. Newcourt’s “Reper. torium,” vol. I,p. 565. Willis’s “Hist. of Cath.,” vol. I, p. 42. Godwin, p. 698. “Hist. of Abbeys,” II., 267. “Antiq. of York,” p. 446. Godwin, 535. Le Neve's “Fasti,” 390. Godwin, 299. * The following seems to be the first official recognition of Archbishop Rotherham as Keeper of the Privy Seal — Patent Roll, 7th Edward IV., pt. 1, m. 7 [1468]. “The Witness the King, at Westminster, 28th July. “And it was commanded to the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex who are now in office, and to those who shall king to all whom these letters come, greeting. Know ye that we of our own pleasure, and certain knowledge, have granted to our beloved and faithful clerk Master Thomas Rotherham, Keeper of our Privy Seal, a certain annual rent of 360 marks, to be received annually in the form and manner following, namely, 200 marks from the farms, out- goings, profits, and revenues of the City of London, and of the County of Middlesex, thence arising, by the hands of their Sheriffs for the time being. And Ioo marks from the farms, outgoings, profits, and revenues arising out of the Counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, by the hands of their sheriffs for the time being; and 6o marks of the farms, &c., of Somerset and Dorset, in part of the satisfaction and payment of the fee of 20s. per day to him belonging by reason of the office of Keeper of our Privy Seal; to have and to receive the said annual rent of 360 marks in the form and manner aforesaid, from the feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist last past, at the feasts of St. Michael and Easter, equally, to the aforesaid Master Thomas, as long as he shall hold or occupy the office aforesaid, notwithstanding any statute, act, ordination, or restriction before these times, made, published, or provided. be—that they pay to the said Master Thomas that which is in arrear of the yearly 200 marks from the aforesaid feast of St. John the Baptist, and the said 200 marks annually for every year as long as he shall have and hold the said office, from the farms, outgoings, profits and revenues aforesaid, according to the tenor of our letters aforesaid.” The same order was given to the Sheriffs of Norfolk and Suffolk, Somerset and Dorset. (J.G.) * Bishop Rotheram was certainly chancellor on 23rd May, 1474, I4 Edward IV., on which day he prorogued the Parliament to the 6th of June; that he was so in July following is also certain for the same reason, and how notably he acquitted himself in that station has been already observed in the account given of his predecessor, Archbishop Boothe, at p. 172 of this volume. [The fol- lowing is the passage referred to..] According to other accounts, which seem authentic, he was chancellor in 1473, 13 Edward IV., for on 13th December, of that year, being Bishop of Durham and chancellor, in the presence of the King, Lords, and Commons, after giving thanks on the king's behalf, and by his command to the three Estates, prorogued the Parliament to the 20th of @r cijū igłyſ, p 33 nt; crijam. 9I mistake, as I shall presently evince; for this prelate going into France with his master in 1475, was at the Treaty of Picquegni, about three leagues from Amiens, where an interview was to be had betwene our King and Louis XI. of France, and where the bishop assisted as chancellor; at which interview a truce for nine years was sworn between the two kings on a piece of the true cross. Philip de Commines relating the circumstances of this interview, which happened 29th of August, 1475, calls him Bishop of the Isle; Lors commenca a parler le Chancellier d’Angleterre appellé l'Evesque de Lisle, &c. But this can’t be fact, if we may depend upon Philpot, who asserts that Bishop Rotheram was the person who attended the king in that journey, and that Bishop Alcock was made chancellor during his absence. It is true Philpot himself seems to contradict himself when he says that on his return out of France he was again made Lord Chancellor about the 20th of Edward IV., viz., 1480, when we know nothing to the contrary but that he returned into England again with his master the September following. Philpot also quotes Philip de Commines, with other English chronicles, as vouchers of Rotheram’s attendance on the king at this treaty. A late ingenious French writer, Mr. Duclos, of the Royal Academy of Belles Lettres, in his “History of Louis XI.,” mentioning this transaction, has these words, Alors l'Evêque d’ Ely son Chancelier, &c., by which it is plain that both Commines and himself supposed that the Bishop of the Isle of Ely was the chancellor in attendance upon the king; from which circumstances I am tempted to believe that William Gray, Bishop of Ely, might actually at that time be chancellor; especially as Godwin asserts that he was so at some time; which, though contradicted by his annotator, who corrects it for Treasurer of England; yet as I apprehend, he does it upon the authority of Dugdale in his “Chronica Series” at the end of his “Origines Juridiciales”; and it is to be observed that Dugdale puts Bishop Rotheram down as chancellor only upon the vague authority of Bishop Godwin. So that upon the whole I think it very probable that Bishop Gray was chancellor in 1475 till about 1480,” when the seals were again delivered to Bishop Rotheram on the 20th of August, 20 Edward IV.” What makes my conjecture more plausible is, that Hall positively says that the Bishop of Ely, his chancellor, attended the king at the treaty; and Philip de Commines adds this particular, that the Chancellor of England, after our king had returned the French king's compliment in good French, began to speak and opened his speech with a prophecy; of which, he further observes, the English are never unprovided; the purport of which prophecy was, that in Picquegni a lasting peace betwene England and France was to be accomplished. Now, whoever considers the education of Bishop Gray, for a long time in foreign Universities, must acknowledge the propriety of the king's taking a chancellor with him who was able to talk fluently the modern languages. I shall not mention Hollingshead, who affirms the same thing, because it may be supposed he had his authority from Hall. There seems to January, when it assembled, and continued to sit till the by the advice of his disciple, John Alcock, afterwards Ist of February, I473, when the said bishop, as chancellor, Bishop of Ely; the next was Laurence Boothe, Bishop of called the commons before the king, and told them, That they were then assembled to consult which way the king might proceed in the wars; but because the king had yet heard nothing from his brother the Duke of Burgundy, relating to that affair, whereon much depended, it was the king’s command, that this Parliament should be prorogued to the 9th of May ensuing. The authors from whom I collect what has been said, remark that this was the longest Parliament they had met with, having sat near two years and a half; during which the “History of Croy- land ” takes notice that no less than three several Lord Chancellors presided. The first, adds that authority, was Robert Stillington, Bishop of Bath, who did nothing but Durham, who tired himself with doing just nothing at all; and the third was Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, who did all, and brought everything to an happy con- clusion.—Parliamentary History of England, Vol. 2, pp. 344, 348. * He was actually chancellor at the opening of the Parliament which met at Westminster, 17 Edward IV., I477.-Parliamentary History,” Vol. 2, p. 353. 3 * Archbishop Rotheram was Chancellor of England, May Ist, I481, 2I Edward IV., at which time as arbitrator in a dispute between the Abbots of Peterborough and Croyland, he gave his determination.—Vol. 44, p. 200. Philpot’s “Catalogue of the Chancellors of England,” 64. “Cronique & Hystoire de Ph. de Commines,” p. lx. Paris, I525. Hall’s “Chronicle,” fo. 236. “Hist. de Louis XI.,” II., I56, Amst., I746. Godwin, 268. “Orig. Jurid.,” p. 68 “Chron. Ser.,” p. 70 Godwin, 698. Hall’s “Chronicle,” 234. “Cronicque, &c.,” p. lx. Godwin, 268. Hollingshed's “Chronicle,” 699. 92 330th crijam. be no small confusion in regard to the time that Bishop Rotheram was advanced to the seals, as well as for the time he held them. It is probable that he might have possession of them in 1474 or 1475, and quit them soon after; however thus much I suppose is certain, Godwin, 698. Philpot, 64, 65. that he was in actual possession of them in 1480, 20 Edward IV., and kept them till the death of that prince. Indeed at the beginning of the reign of the young Edward V., in order to pacify Elizabeth, the queen mother, who was in great fears concerning the fate of her young son, then in the hands of the Duke of Gloucester his uncle, he imprudently left the great seal with her, both as a pledge of her safety and his fidelity to her, and her son's interests; promising her withal, that if any bad accident should happen to the young king from the protector, that he would immediately with his own hands crown the Duke of York, her youngest son, then with her, without any demur. Which parting with the seals to the queen, to whom they certainly did not belong, being ascribed to him as over much weakness and imprudence, they were taken from him by Richard, Duke of Gloucester, notwithstanding the bishop, reflecting upon the imprudence of his act, in thus resigning up so precious a pledge, which had been given to him by the late king, he repented of what he had done, and sent for it again as soon as he had got home. This, however, was a sufficient handle to take the seals from him; accordingly they were given to John Russell, Bishop of Lincoln, 26th of November, 1483, I Richard III., and our bishop sent to the Tower,” where he was kept close prisoner for some time under the custody of Sir James Tyrrell; this happening before the new chancellor was appointed; for at the latter end of June, 1483, after the protector was quietly in possession of the throne of his nephew, he was released from his imprisonment. Yet was he ever suspected as a favourer of the cause against the Tyrant Richard, who had once before, at the council in which the Lord Hastings was condemned, been put into custody." The reason why he was at all imprisoned is supposed to be in order to deprive the young king and his adherents of the advice of so wise and faithful a counsellor. During the usurpation he seems to have laid quiet; and having nothing to do at court, retired into his diocese; whereupon the king and queen's coming to York, the first was solemnly crowned by him in the Chapter House, on September 8th, 1483. Nay, it seems as if Richard placed some confidence in him; for Richard being weary of his queen, Anne Neville, he complained to Hall’s “Chronicle,” 7. “Chronica Series,” atye end of Dugdale's “Orig. Jurid.,” p. 72, & Philpot, p. 65. Hall’s “Chronicle,” Ric. III., 25. Id., p. I4, Edw. 5. Godwin, 698. Drake's “Antiq. of York,” 117. * [Letter from the University of Cambridge, on behalf of Archbishop Rotherham, then imprisoned; given by Cole on backs of pp. I'79, I80.] “Right high and mighty Prince, in whom synglerly resteth the polityke Governance, Pease and Tranquillite of ye Realme of Ynglande, your humble oratours commende them to your good Grace; And for Alsmyche as we have felt in Tymes passed your bountiful and gracious Charite to us your daley Bedemen, not alonly in sendying be your true Servant and Chancesler, Master Thos. Barrowghe, to his moder yº Universite, a gret & fathful Lover, your large & haboundante Almons, but as wele fowndynge certeyn Prestys & Fellowes, to ye grete worship of God, & to yº Encresse of Christes Fath in ye Qwenys Collegge of Cam- brigge: We uppon that coumfourth make our writyng to your Grace for such Thynges concerning yº wele of y" Universite, Besekyng your noble Grace to shewe your gracious & mercyfull Goodness, at this our humble Suppli- cacion, to the right reverent Fader in God ye Archebisshop of York, our Heed & Chauncesler, & many yers hath been a grete Benefactour to the Universite & all the Colleges therein; and thrught ye Help of God, and your gracious Favour shall longe continue. Most Christian & victorious Prince, we beseche youe to heer our humble Prayours; for we must nedes mowrne & sorowe, desolate of comfurth unto we heer and understande your benygne Spyrite of Pite to hymwarde; which is a grete Prelate in the Realme of Ynglonde; & and we to be ever your true and humble Oratours & Bedemen, prayng to him that is called the Prince of Mercy for your noble and royall Estate, that it may longe prosper, to the worship of God, who ever have youe in his blessed Kepyng. “Your true & daly Oratoures, “the Universite of Cambrigge. “To the right high & mighty Prince, Duc of Gloucestre, Protectour of the Realme of Englonde.” - b Thomas Rotheram, Archbishop of York, was one of those whom the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III., sent for when he took Lord Hastings by stratagem (before the death of the two princes). At a certain sign “they to whom charge was commytted in that behalf yssewyd, and with open assault apprehended all at once William lord Hastinges, both the bysshops of York and Ely, and also the lord Stanley.” Hastings was beheaded, Stanley was set free, John Morton bishop of Ely, “who dyd farre excede them all in wysdome and gravytie ’’ was committed to the Duke of Buckingham. “But Thomas Rotheram, Archebishop of York, he committed to the custody of Sir James Tirrell, Knight. His meaning was to make those bisshops sure whom he thought wold not alow uppon his purposyd intent, until that, having gotten the soveraingtie, he show.ld nede to feare no man.”— Polydore Vergil’s “Historie of England,” pp. 180, 182. Edited by Sir H. Ellis for the Camden Society. (J.G.) @r chhígí, op 33 otherham. 93 the bishop of her sterility and some secret infirmities, which rendered her person extremely disagreeable to him; this he did on purpose that he might tell her again, in order thereby to mortify her, and make her pine and languish away. The bishop, who well knew the king's meaning and intent, easily conceived the queen's life was not to be very long; and secretly informed some of his friends of the same; and herein he was no false prophet, for that unhappy lady died not long after; hereupon the king is said to have made this further use of our prelate to persuade the dowager of Edward IV. to give her consent, that her eldest daughter Elizabeth, afterwards wife to Henry VII., should marry him, her uncle. Nay it it asserted by some that he was released out of prison for this service. In all probability this match would have taken place, had not Richard's overthrow and death in Bosworth Field prevented it; but whether the dowager was prevailed upon to give her consent by our prelate's rhetoric, or the fear that her daughter might share the same fate with her sons, if she refused, is uncertain; thus much is fact, that it was near being accomplished; for Buck, in his “Life of Richard III.,” says, that there is an original letter under the Princess Elizabeth's own hand, in the cabinet of the Earl of Arundel and Surrey, written to the Duke of Norfolk, in which she desires that duke to be a mediator for her marriage with the king; whom she calls her only joy and maker in the world. At the beginning of the reign of King Henry VII., in 1486, Philpot affirms that he was again entrusted with the Seals; the king being desirous that a person who understood those matters, should for a time execute that office, which he had so worthily filled before; yet it was not long ere he was displaced to make room for John Alcock, the worthy founder of Jesus College, who was more acceptable and agreeable to the king's humour than Bishop Rotheram; whom he even hints was chancellor on his victory at Bosworth Field, under King Richard III., and whom the conqueror would not displace immediately, both as he was neither then provided with a proper person to execute this high trust, nor minded suddenly to have a man not fit for that place to execute the same. Yet Dugdale takes no notice of this promotion in his catalogue of the chancellors of England. I have laid all this embroiled affair, concerning his chancellorship, together with his transactions at court, in one series, in order to avoid confusion;" otherwise I ought to have mentioned his promotion to the Metropolitan See of York, in 1480, the 20th of Edward IV., to the chapter of which church licence was granted to elect on the 12th of June; Pope Calixte IV's Bull, bearing date at St. Peter's, July 7th, being published in that cathedral on the 12th of December following. He had the custody of the temporalities 24th May, and restitution of them on September 9th following. In the same year 1480 he was elected the ninth master of this college, void by the death of his immediate predecessor of York, Archbishop Laurence Booth; which mastership he laudably kept eight years, to the no small credit and reputation of that society, in having the great honour of two archbishops and lord chancellors, heads of their house, while they were both invested in such eminent dignities. In several MS. historietts of King's College; in a MS. history of the University of Cambridge, by john Scott, given by me to my worthy friend the present Bishop of Bristol, then only Master of Jesus College, in Cambridge, to be by him put into his college library, he calling upon me at Blecheley. In these accounts our Bishop Rotheram is called a cardinal, and have even given him the title of St. Cecilia Trans Tiberim. But as he is not acknowledged as such either by Ciaconius in his “Vitae Pontificum Romanorum;’ Bishop Hall’s “Chron.,” 48, Ric, III. * About 1477, while he was Chancellor both of England repair and rebuild the Great Bridge of Cambridge, then in and of this University, he was chief of a commission to a very ruinous and dangerous state. Drake’s “Ant. of York,” 446. f Buck’s “Life of Ric. III.,” p. 568. “Catalogue of the Chancellors of England,” 67. Philpot's “Catalogue,” 67, 68. “Chronica Series,” 74. Drake's “Antiq. of York," 446. “Godwin de Praesulibus Angliae,” 698. Le Neve's “Fasti,” p. 423. 94 330th crijam. Godwin, “De Præsulibus Angliae,” or his late learned editor, in his “List of English Cardinals,” subjoined to that work, I fancy I shall not injure him to say that he is reckoned one only through mistake. He is also said to be secretary to four kings; I suppose they may be presumed to be the four successive ones from Edward IV. with whom his fortune at court seems to have begun. That he was a prelate of a most generous and beneficent spirit is as evident as his good works; most of which remain to this day among us; and though his others have followed him, yet the memory of them will endure as long as this nation retains the least sense of piety, and the value and merit of Christian benefactions; which in good truth seems to be wearing out at no small rate. Fº º, º: In 1484 he annexed the Prebend of Laghton [Laughton-en-le-Morthen] in his Church " " " to the office of Chancellor of the Cathedral; and the following year that of Driffield in the same to the precentorship in order to improve the revenues of them both, then thought too small to maintain their respective dignitaries. º, º While he was Bishop of Lincoln, and our chancellor, at his own expense, and that no } inconsiderable one, except a small matter contributed by the University and King Richard III., he finished that beautiful gate and two courts on the side of it, the one for the vice- chancellor, and the other for the commissary of the University, to hold their courts of justice in ; the one of them now used as an entrance for the vice-chancellor and doctors to their gallery in the Divinity Schole; over all which buildings run a long gallery, made use of as a Library, and making the east front of the present schools, fronting St. Mary's Tower in the Regent walk. His Arms to this day (I copy this part of my account from one wrote in my History of King's College, in 1746) are on the said portal in stone; and in the old library, as it is called, above, built by him, and furnished with 200 volumes, some of which remain there to this time, 1759, are to this day (viz., 1746) in the windows his devise in almost every pane of glass, being a buck trippant, in almost every posture and attitude you can conceive, being part of his arms; together with the White or York rose, which shows his affection to his great patron, King Edward IV. There has been some old writing also mixed among them two or three times in every window, in curious letters, whereof some are composed of serpents, and is Da te Deo. But in September, 1748, during my absence on some occasion from the University, in the vice-chancellorship of Dr. Paris, the front of these scholes were thought to want repair, at which time all the old painted windows were taken down to make room for crown glass; and all those curious paintings, tho’ perfect and compleat, were taken away by the glazier; to the no small reproach of the University in thus defrauding the pious benefactors and founders, amongst us of their just and grateful memorials. There were also many other antient coats in the open work at the tops of each window; all of which were taken away; and though I used all means I could think of to recover them, yet they were broken, dispersed, or mislaid in a month after they were removed, in such a manner as I could not find them. One large pane I had of the gift of the vice-chancellor; part of which composes two gothic windows I made in the parsonage at Blecheley, in Buckinghamshire, one in the house itself, another in the hermitage in the garden; besides some which I put into the east window of the parish church. Since which time the whole of Archbishop Rotheram's building is pulled down, and about the year 1756 an elegant new structure erected upon the same spot, under the auspices of the Duke of Newcastle, the present chancellor of the University. I can’t help adding, that besides the ingratitude of taking away painted arms or other memorials @rch high up 33 nt; crijam. 95 of benefactors out of windows, it is very injudicious in such buildings as churches and other Gothic edifices; where the largeness and number of windows would occasion too much light, was it not obfuscated and obscured by the grateful gloom of painted glass. This was remarkably the case of the old library of Archbishop Rotheram, before it was pulled down, and is as obvious in the magnificent chapel of King's College, where was it not for the beautiful windows of painted glass, too much light would be uneasy to the eye. In 1484, I suppose it was, that he furnished the library with books; for on three noble volumes still there, on the large folio covers of “Speculum Historiale,” by Vincentius, printed in 1473, is fixed a peice of vellum with this note on each, wrote in the hand of that time: Prima pars (or secunda and tertia) Vincentii in speculo naturali ex Dono reverendissimi in Christo Patris ac Dni. Dni. Thoma Dei Gratia Ebor. Archiepi. Anno Dni. I484. That there might be a free communication and fair walk between these scholes and Great St. Mary's Church, he, betwene the years 1470 and 1476, opened the walks on each side of the scholes; and that he also contributed handsomely towards the rebuilding Great St. Mary's Church is plain from his arms carved in stone being still on the west front of the noble tower of it; this was done while he sat Archbishop of York; as I collect from the new arms of that see being also carved in stone on the north side of the same tower. While Bishop of Lincoln" he generously perfected the Foundation of Lincoln College, in Oxford, left unfinished by the unexpected death of one of his predecessors in that See, to which he added 5 Fellowships, with rents to endow them; and besides this, on the I Ith February, 1479, gave them a compleat body of statutes for their better government. He also at his palace at Buckden built the new brick tower, altering the hall entirely and did much there besides. r Nor must I forget just to give an hint of a determination of his in 1474, while Bishop of Lincoln and Chancellor of our University, when Benet College had a dispute with Michael House in relation to some rents in Cambridge, at which time he was for his great prudence" chosen arbitrator between them, and each party bound itself in a bond of twenty pounds to abide by whatever he should determine. The very next year after his promotion to York, viz., in 1481, he founded a college at Rotheram, the place of his nativity, to the honour of the Holy Jesus, which he sumptuously built of brick, for a provost, five priests, a schole-master in song, six choiristers, a schole-master in grammar, and another for writing. That he had, however, * Note from Fulley’s “Church History,” Vol. 2, p. 420. “At what time, Thomas Rotheram, alias Scot, Bishop of Lincoln visited his Diocese, he came to Oxford, and among other places therein to this College, where against his coming, John Tristrope, Rector thereof had provided a visitation sermon for him, taking his text out of the Psalmist running thus, Vide et visita wincam tuam et semperfice quam plantavit dextra tua ; in the handling of which he did exhort the Bishop in such manner to good works, and to perfect this his College, which then being imperfect both in its edifices and government, that when he concluded his sermon the Bishop stood up and answered the preacher with great love and affection : facturum se quod peturit.”—Wood, ib., 238. * “Another instance of the esteem he was in for his wisdom, prudence and integrity is, that after he was settled at York, and had nothing further to do in the Diocese of Lincoln, yet the great Abbots of Peterborough and Croy- land, having been long at law, by mutual consent they referred their cause to him, of whose integrity they were persuaded, and agreed to stand by his judgment and arbitration.”—V. Supplement to Gunton’s “History of the Church of Peterborough,” p. 329. October 27th, 1768, dining at Trinity College, I observed the Arms of Archbishop Rotherham cut in stone on a small shield under the statue of King Henry VIII., over the principal gateway to the street of that college; but what connection that society, which was founded long after his death, has with him, unless in one of the antient colleges it was raised upon I am ignorant. “The Chauntry of St. Friswitha in the north side of the Metropolitan Church of York; John Hixson, Incumbent, founded by Thomas Rotheram Archbishop of York, and Thomas Pearson, Sub-Dean of the said church, to th’ intent that the said Incumbent should say Masses and other Suffrages for the souls of the Founders, and of Henry VII., Queen Elizabeth, Prince Arthur, Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, &c. Dated 9th May, I488.”—Stephens’ Supplement to the “Monasticon,” Vol. I, p. 74. See the Letters Patent of the University to him on his Benefactions, 1475, at the end of “Liber Niger de Scac- carii,” p. 687. In Mr. Baker's MS. Collections, now in the University Library, Vol. 33, No. II, p. 93, is the following Article:— “Testamentium Thomae Rotheram Archiepiscopi Ebora- censis. Statuta Collegii de Rotherham.” Godwin, 698. Godw., p. 297. Leland’s “Itinerary IV.,” p. 29, edit. 2, I744. Mr. Masters's “Hist. of Corpus Christi Coll.," Camb., p. 50. Leland's “Itinerary,” v. 96. 96 33 otherijam. ‘‘ Godwin de Praes. Angl.,” 698, Ed., I 743. Godwin, 698. another design is manifest from this remarkable extract from his will, now in the Archives of Sidney College; “So that I have incorporated and do incorporate in my college one provost, three fellows, and six boys, that where I have offended God in His ten commandments these ten should pray for me.” This college, at the fatal dissolution of religious houses, was possessed of rents to the yearly value, clear of all deductions, of 58° 5* 9" " ". What a loss this was to the neibourhood you shall hear from one who lived in it, and near the suppression. It is in a manuscript in my possession, copied by me into my 12th volume of “Collections,” and lent me by my late worthy friend, Thomas Porter, of Nottinghamshire, and of Shelford, in Cambridgeshire, Esq., and formerly of Clare Hall. Mr. Porter told me the author was an ecclesiastic of the Roman Church, whose name was Cuthbert Sherbrook; but that I doubt of for reasons I have given in its place; it seems to have been wrote in the year 1591. In this M.S. is the following account of Rotheram College, which I chuse to put down here, because it is a very curious and particular one. The title of it is, “The Falle of Religiouse Houses, Colleges, Chauntreys, Hospitals, &c.” “Now you shall hear of the fall of a college standing in Rotherham, within three miles where I was born, and now do dwell; for I learned at the school in the said town, at the Free-school, founded by the founder of the said college, whose name was Scott, Archbishop then of York; which is a fair house, yet standing; but God knoweth how long it shall stand; for certain brick chimneys, and other brick walls (for it is all made of brick) is decayed and fallen down for lack of use; for there hath been few persons, and sometimes none at all, of long time dwelling therein; because it is in the Earl of Shrewsbury his hands; and as the report is, it is concealed land; which seemeth to be the cause that he maketh no more account thereof; and much less, because all the lands and possessions are sold from it by the king; saving the yard, orchard, and garden places lying within the walls thereof; for it is walled in with a brick wall. “The Foundation whereof was not to make a malt-house, as it is now used. But it was to this end and purpose; that the master thereof should be a preacher, and to have three fellows within it; of the which fellows, one should teach freely a grammar schole within the town for all that come to it; the second should teach freely a writing schole, and the third a song schole; and further, to find six choiristers for the maintenance of God’s service in the church, untill their voices changed; at which time they went to the Grammar Schole; for by the Foundation of Lincoln College, in Oxford, whereof the said bishop was a founder, also, the scholars that came from this College of Rotheram, were to be preferred to a fellowship of that college, before any other; which was performed very well so long as the house stood, according to his first foundation. But so soon as the said house was dissolved, neither preacher nor schole-master was provided, but the town hired the schole-master for the schole many years after; untill they made unto the Queen's Majesty, and obtained x" yearly towards the finding of the schole-master for the grammar schole; which cost the town not a little before they could get it. Now, let every one consider what a great loss this was to such a town and the country round about it, not only for the cause of learning, but also for the help of the poor, that now in the town is not a few, for there are many more than was then.” After he had prudently and honourably governed this society about eight years, he resigned the mastership in 1488, but on what occasion is nowhere mentioned; most probably finding the infirmities of old age coming upon him, he might choose to retire into his diocese, where he was a very considerable benefactor to his see; building various conveniencies and additions to the several palaces belonging to it; particularly the great @r chbishop 3&ntſ, crijam. 97 kitchen at White-Hall, in London a palace then appertaining to the Archbishop of York, but now to the king; at Southwell, the pantry and chambers adjoining to the river; at Bishop's-Thorpe, the pantry, bakehouse, chambers, and other buildings on the north side towards the woods; as also the hall and house-keeper's room, kitchen, drawing room, dining room, study, and other chambers above. On the Feast of St. John's Translation, August 6, 1498, says Drake, by his own decree and his clergy's assent, he made his will, which was proved in November, 1.5oo, whereby he commended his soul to Almighty God, his Creator and Redeemer, to our Lady, St. Michael, St. Gabriel, and diverse of the Apostles and Saints; giving his body to be interred in the north arch, or arm, in our Lady's Chapel, in his Cathedral of York, where he had himself erected a tomb; and having been baptised in the church of Rotheram, he willed lands and revenues very largely to the college he had founded in that town. Besides, he bequeathed to Sir Thomas Rotheram, his brother's eldest son, the manors of Somereys, Luton, Houghton, Fenells, Dobington, Aspley, & Stopesley, in the counties of Bedford, Hartford, and Bucks; he also left to his successors at York an extraordinary rich mitre, of the value of 500 marcs, in lieu of that taken away from Archbishop Neville by King Edward IV., with several other valuable jewels and ornaments, as the inventory testifies; with several vestments to Luton Church, in Bedfordshire, where his mother & brother were interred ; with a chalice to Wingham, in Kent, where he had been provost, and (another I suppose) to Ripple, where he had been rector. He is also said to have given many books to Pembroke Hall. His friends and relations have as much reason to speak well of him as the public, not cherishing the one at the expense of the other; for he took all the care possible to advance them, either by marrying them into some honourable family, posts under the Government, or spiritual preferment. Thus Leland remarks that one of his kinsmen married an heir general of the Lord Wenlock, with whom he had Luton, in Bedfordshire, and 3oo marcs of land thereabouts, with a fair place in the parish, called Somereys, sumptuously begun by that lord, but not finished. But a pedigree of the family of Rotheram, now by me, copied from one in Caius College Library, says that Sir John Rotheram, brother of the bishop, married Alice Beckett, who, perhaps, might be a neice of the Lord Wenlock. After this great Prelate and Legate of the Apostolic See had governed the diocese of York nineteen years nine months, and some odd days, he died of the plague, at his Episcopal Palace of Cawood, on 29th of May, I 500, about the seventy-sixth year of his age; and was interred on the north side of our Lady's Chapel, according to his direction, under an altar tomb of marble, short and plain, where it is still standing, but robbed of the few ornaments and decorations in brass and its inscription, which once adorned it. There is a print of it, as it now exists, in Drake’s “Antiquities of York’’; as also of a curious head in wood found in the tomb of this archbishop upon removing the pavement near it in 1735, when a vault was discovered to run under the tomb; it was easily got into, where the bones were found, but nothing remarkable about them, except a wooden head, exactly resembling a barber's block, having a stick thrust into the neck of it, to support it. This head is an extraordinary peice of sculpture for that age, and is reasonably supposed to be a resemblance of his own; for dying of the plague, it is probable his body was buried immediately, and that an image representing him was substituted in his place, whereof this was the head, for a more solemn and grand interment. I remember when I was fellow-commoner of King's College, Mr. Towers, one of the deans of the college, had a small picture drawn of this archbishop for his own fancy; Drake, 446. Willis, vol. I., 42. “Antiq. of York,” P. 447. “Sceletos Cant.,” p. 53. Godwin, p. 699. Drake, p. 447. “Itin. VI.,” 59. [See p. 99. Drake, 447, 480. I 3 98 $ntiſtrijam. as I was not very curious about these sort of things at that time, I don’t remember from whence he had it taken, and he is now at too great a distance, at Fordingbridge, to make enquiry; probably from this head. - I have nothing to add further relating to this prelate (having been but too prolix already, but being of the same college with him it must be excused) except mentioning his arms, which are thus blazoned on the tower of St. Mary's Church, and on the schole doors at Cambridge," viz., vert, three roe-bucks trippant, argent, attired, or. Many years ago these arms were empaled in the windows of the Cathedral of York, by the antient arms of that see, viz., azure, a staff in pale, or, surmounted by a pall, argent, fringed, or, charged with five crosses pale fiche, sable, in chief another such cross, or; being the same with these born by the See of Canterbury at present; except some trifle of difference mentioned by Dr. or Mr. Savage in his “History of Baliol College,” viz., that the cross in cheif of Canterbury is argent, and the pall not fringed; yet that difference is not now observed. The present arms of the See of York are gules, two keys en saltier, argent, and a crown imperial, in chief, or. When they were thus altered I know not; this I know, that it is asserted more than once in the “Antiquities of York’ that our archbishop bore them in the old manner, I shall not go about to contradict it, otherwise should have been rather disposed to have concluded that he bore the modern ones; and for this reason; as he was a contributor to the building of Great St. Mary's Tower, in Cambridge, his paternal arms, with those of Bishop Alcock, of Ely, I suppose the two cheif benefactors towards the erecting of it, are placed in the west front, as the most conspicuous part about it; and on either side of the same tower, in two shellds, are the modern arms of the See of York, viz., two keys en saltier, and a crown in cheif, on the north side; and on the south those of the See of Ely, viz., three ducal coronets. Besides these there are only three other coats on the tower, one for the Abbey of Bury, one for the Deanry of St. Paul’s, as I take it, and a third with a cross patonce on it; which is almost demonstration that the new arms of the See of York were designed there as his insignia; yet as this tower was finished many years after this archbishop's death, and when the new Arms of York were more commonly used, it may be presumed they were not so curious as nicely to scrutinize whether he bore them so, or in the antient way. Thus much is certain, that his successor in the See of York bore the old arms, as is manifest from Archbishop Savage his arms impaled by the antient coat of York, cut in stone at the west end of my late Parish Church of Hornsey, in London diocese, which makes it more probable that he bore them so also; and still more so that his predecessor, Archbishop Lawrence Boothe, did likewise, though I have put the present bearing to impale his coat. But enough and too much of so trifling a business, after having observed the Sees of Armagh and Dublin give the same arms as old York and Canterbury.” Drake’s “Antiq. of York,” 532, 547. “Balliofergus," p.69. * In Sidney College Library is a copy of the Statutes of * The notes and marginal references to authorities are Rotherham College, with an illuminated Picture of the Cole's own, throughout the above, except where indicated Archbishop in front, neatly painted with his arms about it. by the initials J.G. “Liber Niger Scaccarii,” p. 683. %r cłyńigijap 330th crijam. 99 X. “Sir Thos. Rotheram, of E* Alice.” Rotheram, in Yorkshire.” I Sir John Rotheram, Kn'...T-Alice, Da. of Thomas Rotheram, Arch- Lo. of Somereys Place, — Beckett. Bishop of York, and Lord in ye Parish of Luton, Chancellor of England, in Co. Bedf. Temp. Edw. IV. I- 1–I- & ` e George Rotheram-F Sir Tho. Rotheram, RCatherine, Da. of Alice, Da. of Sir John 2 Son. of Somereys, Knº. ye Lo. Graye. . Rotheram. F- - George Rotheram, of Farley, a Sir Thé. Rotheram, FEliz., Da. of Sº. Natural Son. of Somereys, Kn'. John St. John, of Bletso, Knt. | | Thos. Rotheram, of+Alice, Da. of Tho. Someryes, Esq. Wellesford. =FJohn Crawley, of Nether Crawley, in ye Parish of Luton, in Co. Bedf. I - Jane, ma. Humphrey Bury, Geo. Rotheram, of-FJane, Da. of Xtopher of Tuddington. Somereys, Esq., Smith, Clerc of ye ob. I599. Pipe. F- Thos. Crawley, T-Dorothy, Da. and Heir of Luton. of John Edgerley, of T -T- l Milton, in Com. Nicholas Rotheram, T= Sir Thos. Rotheram, Sir John Rotheram,TEDa. of Thos. • Oxon. of London. Knº., a Councellor of Somereys, Knº. S n a g g , of State in Ire- Sergeant- —— land. at-Law. F- —— . .I. {e & _l ... I º º George. Sir Thos. Rotheram-FEliz., Da. of Francis Eliz. Da. of T-Sir Francis Crawley, of Thomas. Knt. Emington, of Sir John Somereys, Knt., one London. Rotheram of ye Justices of ye Common Pleas, 1637. T | _l Elizabeth T- º I T. TI John Crawley,–Mary, Da. and Heir Francis, 2. Anne. Son & Heir, of William Lam- Thomas, 3. living in bert, of Bucking- Robert, 4. I637. ham. Cole's MSS.; Antiquities of Cambridgeshire, Vol. II, fo. 148 back. (Brit. Mus. Add. MS., 5,812.) The Pedigree was copied by Cole from the Visitation of Cambridgeshire in 1619, belonging to the Library of Gonville and Caius College. At the foot of the page he adds this note:– “This is pinned on ye Leaf on which is this Pedigree, at yº End of y Visitation of Bedfordshire, in Gonville, and Caius College Library, Sr. Henry St. George, Norroy, Son of Sr. Richd. Sé. George, Clarenceiux, wrote this.’” ; : . * ... • AJ • ? * • * * * | g * IOO łłotijerijam. The public life of a man so eminent as was Archbishop Rotherham could hardly be more concisely or agreeably told than it has been by Cole; to whom we are indebted for what at least should excite deep interest in the town honoured by having been that prelate's birth-place, and by having been in his day so enriched by his benefactions. - During the usurpation of Richard the Archbishop repaired to his diocese:–it has been strongly asserted, and as strongly denied that on Richard, his queen, and the young prince visiting York, that monarch was, on the 8th September, A.D. 1483, crowned there by him. Robert Davies, Esq., F.S.A., in his elaborate work, “Extracts from the Municipal Records of York during the reigns of Edward IV., Edward V., and Richard III.,” very fully investigated this matter, and the conclusion arrived at by him is “that not the slightest ground is afforded for believing there was a second coronation of Richard.” Had the ceremony been performed, it is scarcely possible that it should have escaped the notice of contemporary writers, or eluded the enquiries of those subsequent chroniclers by whom information relating to every occurrence of importance was diligently sought for and recorded. In a note he adds, “The records of the official acts of Archbishop Rotherham which are in a state of perfect preservation in the archiepiscopal registry of York, have been inspected, and there is not the slightest reference to the Act of Coronation which that prelate is reported to have performed in York Minster.” In Register 6, h. fol. 79, also Statute Book of the Vicars Choral, fol. 48, there is an account of the “Reception of King Richard, with the Queen and the Prince, and (how) the Prince was there created.” And from this account scarcely anything could exceed the ecclesiastical and civic magnificence which were displayed on this occasion by the City of York. The names of the principal prelates, noblemen, and other dignitaries are given, and a glowing description of the gorgeous vestments, processional and altar services: and as it would seem, the fervent zeal displayed by the citizens determined the king to proceed with the investiture of his son Edward as Prince of Wales. For this purpose he had dispatched from his wardrobe keeper in London, dresses, cloth of gold, banners, &c., for a splendid display of royal grandeur. The act is thus recorded, “and on the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary, 8th September, the King and Queen, crowned, came in procession into the Church aforesaid, with the Prince of Wales, and all the Lords aforementioned, the Bishop of Durham being the officiating prelate, the High Altar being adorned with twelve apostles of silver gilt, with many other relics (belong to) Our Lord the King, which same there remained until six o'clock at night: after Mass they all returned unto the palace. “And there (in the palace) before dinner, the Prince was created by the King in the Hall, in the presence of them all, and they (the King, Queen, and Prince) sat at Dinner, crowned, for the space of four hours; and there were present the Dean Robert Both (Booth), the Canons, to wit, the Treasurer Portyngton, Pateman, Archdeacon of York, and the sub-dean, and four other prebendaries, ten parsons of the Church at York, twelve Vicars Choral, with other Ministers of the Church.” ... : It has been imagined by some writers, that this display of royal pomp was * Heightened by the king causing himself to be again crowned, and that Archbishop Rotherham performed that important act, by placing the crown on Richard's @r cłyń igł, Op. 33 oth crijam. IO I head in the Chapter House." But from the preceding extract it appears that the Archbishop was not present, and from the absence of all contemporary evidence of a second Coronation at York, it has been satisfactorily inferred that no such ceremony was then performed. For otherwise, after the Archbishop had so decidedly maintained the rights of the sons of Edward IV. to the throne, and had opposed himself to the pretensions of the usurper, and thereby incurred the anger of Richard, and imprisonment in the Tower, it would have been an inconsistency of conduct and lack of principle for which no exigency of political peril could find an excuse in one, whose loyalty and integrity had hitherto been unimpeachable." It would seem that after Richard felt himself safe on the throne he sought to win the confidence of the Archbishop, and “complained of his Queen (Ann, daughter of the Earl of Warwick) that she brought him forth no children and that chiefly dyd he lament with Thomas Rotherham, Archbyshop of York, because he was a grave and good man, whom he had a little before let out of prison (who thereupon gatheryd and supposyd yt wold come to passe that the quene should not long lyve, and foreshewyed the same to divers his friends.”) This is previously related by Cole, more circumstantially, and as it would seem, the king was not able to delude the Archbishop or abstract sympathy or assistance from him. Reckoned by years the Archbishop was not now an old man, but he had been an eminent man for between 30 and 40 years, and reckoned by the employments he had held, and the dignities prelatical and political he had attained and sustained with such signal distinction, his life had been one of no ordinary length or labour. His great friend and patron Edward IV. was dead, the royal children were cruelly murdered, and there was now no affection to stimulate or loyal attachment to induce a further consecration of his faculties to the public service, and it is conceivable that he must have gladly hailed a deliverance from it. He seems, even previously to his retirement from public life, to have commenced the carrying out of his beneficent design of erecting his College at Rotherham, of which the foundation stone was laid on the feast of St. Gregory the Great, 1482; and afterwards having withdrawn, however compulsorily from the turmoils and treacheries of contending factions, from the exciting atmosphere of courts and the exhausting anxieties of cabinets, he found leisure to devote his attention to those beneficent projects of which the erection of Rotherham College was one. But we must not forget that during the plentitude of his political power, these grander evidences of his Christian munificence year by year testified that the worldly honours and dignities which surrounded him were made to subserve the higher interests of learning and the holier influences of religion. The College at Rotherham was built under his own supervision. In a long parchment roll of emblazoned pedigrees at Wortley Hall, where mention is made of Sir Thomas Wortley, of the great services performed by him (Sir Thomas) under four kings it is said, “and as for his worthy housekeeping, it was such that Bishop Rotherham, Archbishop of York, whyle he was building the College at Rotherham, did for the most part remain with him at Wortley.” * Drake’s “Eboracum,” p. 117. * From Polydore Vergi/’s “Historie of England”(three books edited by Sir H. AE//is, 1846, p. 180. - Camden Society). * Ibid, Page 2 I 1. I O2 330th crijam. A rapid glance at the surrounding country, as it would then be likely to present itself to the gaze of travellers from Wortley to Rotherham, may serve, however at variance with grave historic recital, and otherwise out of place, to give an idea of a very different state of things to what now exists, as also to bring before us the names of residentiary owners of possessions which have long since passed into oblivion; whilst those of others yet remain, who have from that remote period until now nobly fulfilled the onerous duties of their high station, and been to the towns and villages in the neighbourhood of their several mansions and wide demesnes, a ready resource in extreme times of need—the true and trusted spokesmen and leaders in times of public peril, and at all times, the unfailing and free-handed supporters of all benevolent objects and meritorious institutions. One of these, in long after years, is thus apostrophized: - - - - - “Thy gentleness, thy truth, thy purity; Are all Fitzwilliamſ that remains of thee. The steward of the trampled poor is gone ! The prince of charity hath bow’d to fateſ The god-like friend of him who wanted one Finds good deeds done on earth his best estate. How long for thee, God bade his angel wait!" Could we but wave for a few minutes the recreative magic wand of the Wizard of the North over the scene of the journeyings of our great and good prelate, from the “worthy housekeeping” of Sir Thomas Wortley, at Wortley, to Rotherham, the favoured spot of his present solicitude and intended perpetual benefit, a panorama would pass before us, invested with a grandeur, grace, and beauty, of which we can now have but the faintest idea. A prelate of his rank could never lay down his state, and more or less of the gorgeous retinue of that day would attend him. The carved and gilded coach, as heavy as a stage waggon, and the proportionately heavy and richly caparisoned horses and outriders, would give a most unusual animation to the scene. There was then a king's highway; for some while after this, Robert de Vipont was charged in the Hundred Rolls with having enclosed part of the king's highway within his park at Kimberworth; but what that highway would then be we can only guess, as the privileges conferred by turnpike trusts had not then obtained. The route would be princi- pally through, or along parks, with but little intervention of human habitations, or fenced inclosures. Lofty ranges of forests, remnants, no doubt, of the vast Brigantian forests which once covered the district, long sweeps of green sward, dotted with magnificent monarch oaks, elm, and beech trees, along and through which the light would flash and flicker with incessant change, would arrest the gaze. At the starting of the cavalcade, Wharncliffe Chase with its “pomp of wood sweeping down the dark declivity,” would appear on the right, and Tankersley Park, then belonging to Sir John Savile, on the left. A little further on, on the same side, a grand sweep of glade could be seen running under the undulating woodland hills, until it was lost in the far distance. Then swelling up again to the woods around Wentworth Woodhouse, past Hoober, and over still rising and wood-crowned eminences to High Melton, and beyond,-it passed on to what the Archbishop, in his will, calls “my cottage in Thorp, and my tenement called Scholes,” on the left; then to what he calls “an inheritance,” though small, at Ecclesfield; and to his manor of Barnes (Barnes Hall); and also * Ebenezer Elliott, on a bust and portrait at Wentworth House. @t cłyńight, p 330th crijam. IO3 to his manor of Howsley's on the right, and in the same direction to Woolley, then the residence of Sir Richard Woodruffe, whose daughter was married to Thomas Wentworth, of Wentworth Woodhouse Hall (before the Fitzwilliams came upon the scene). Then along through the verdant valley, the Blackburn wandered in unbroken beauty to the Don, then passing the Grange, where the monks of Kirkstead had established their primitive iron works three hundred years before, until arriving at the lofty eminence of Kimberworth Park, the walls of the Archbishop's rising College would first meet its founder's eye. And what besides A burst of woodland and sylvan beauty, claiming on every hand from the eye and from the heart their warmest admiration, and homage, and love. But we must not pass, without notice, Kimberworth itself. About I 50 years before this period, Kimberworth was an important place. It was for nearly 70 years the principal residence of the Lady Idonea; she was one of two heiresses of the Viponts, and on the partition of the estates of the Viponts and Buslis, Kimberworth, Maltby, and Bawtry were assigned to Idonea. She was twice married—namely to Roger de Leyburn and to John de Cromwell. This great lady was born in 1256, and she lived until 1334. Most of her charters, and there are many, were audited from Kimberworth; they were important at the time, but are not so now. She seems to have been able to hold her own, and perhaps more. In the quo warranto proceedings of Edward I. she claimed to have a free park here, and had to answer the charge of encroachment, as had her ancestors before her, but the verdict of the jury was in her favour. In the 6th of Edward II. she had a grant of free warren here. In Kirby’s “Inquests” she is returned as Lady of Kimberworth. In 1295 she confirmed, by a French deed, to Frere William de Folkingham, the Abbot of Beauchief, all the land which Richard de Scholes held in Thorpe and Scholes, within her manor of Kimber- worth. The names of The Hall and The Park, which are found at Kimberworth, indicate the ancient splendour which at that period of time made Kimberworth one of the most notable places in the neighbourhood. With Idonea de Leyburn its splendour seems to have arisen, and with her it passed away. It fell into the hands of even more illustrious owners, but it does not appear that they were ever resident at what would be so small a portion of their vast possessions. Richard Nevil, the great Earl of Warwick, was Lord of Kimberworth in the reign of Henry VI., and from him it passed through Anne Neville, his daughter, to her husband, the Duke of Gloucester—afterwards Richard III.-and became part of the royal demesne. It never lost its park. By 3rd of Henry VII. the office of bailiff and keeper, together with the herbage and pannage, was granted to Richard Byerley, who was connected with Archbishop Rotherham. - At the period at which we are passing, perhaps so tediously, through this park, it would be most likely held by Sir Thomas Wortley, who, we will suppose, is travelling with us, and who had previously enjoyed an annuity of Ioo marks to be taken out of this manor; a sum which bespeaks its wealth, when we consider that there were offices to be maintained in this insulated portion of the Crown lands at great expense. It passed by 6th Edward VI. to Francis Earl of Shrews- bury. It existed as a park, and had game in it, as late as 1635. It was joined with Rotherham manor and advowson, and according to the settlement of them made by Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk, they have descended in the way shown, to the Earl of Effingham. IO4. - 3ädtiſcrijam. I believe that the England of that day could hardly boast of a finer tract of country than that spread out from Kimberworth. The forest-crowned hills and rich valleys, the magnificent park preserves, and the wild woodland, with here and there a vill or hamlet, or baronial hall; and the then old, but smoke- unsmirched town, lying, with its beautiful church, just on the sloping river bank —this formed the immediate front of the landscape. Away on the right through the domains of the Lord of Hallamshire, stretched the lofty range of hills, looking down upon the historic vestiges of Templebrough, the Roman rig, most prominent at “Medda Hall,” and forward to the lofty British station on Winco- bank Hill; then onward to where Sheffield was just lifting a slight canopy of smoke over its infant mechanical industries; and beyond, in the dim, purple distance, to the bounding bulwarks of Derbyshire peaks : the broad sweep of low lying, level meadow land, significantly described by its name, “The Holmes,” would then stretch in unbroken greenness to the river's bank. I think it would then have a hall. Nor on the left was the scene less impressive, less expansive, less beautiful. Just below, distinctly visible, runs north-eastwardly, the Roman rig, through Winfield and Greasbro', with Wentworth Woodhouse woods rising nobly beyond, on to Mexbro', and across the river Street-ford, at Strafford Sands, to Daunum (now Doncaster). More immediately would be seen a rich undu- lating slope falling down to Carr House, an ancient squire's seat; and climbing the steep rise to Barbott Hall—one of the old halls of the district—held in the reign of Edward II. by Thomas Barbott, whose ancestors for 500 years had held a moiety of Greasbro', and round the rich woods and along the rich valley, the river Don would roll its wide and unpolluted stream to Aldwarke, the seat of Sir Richard Fitzwilliam, Thrybergh, of the Reresby, and Kilnhurst, the seat of the ancient family of the Montfort; for many then were the high families seated on the Don. It is said there were five castles between Sheffield and Doncaster. Such, then, we may conceive to be a feeble sketch of the scenery and circum- stances connected with the supervisory visits of the Archbishop of York to Rotherham, during the building of his college : and surely we may be pardonably permitted to surmise that his eye would dilate, and his bosom swell, and that his spirit would be possessed with devout thankfulness, as he gazed on a scene so fair, and felt that however much of princely power and political rule had been with- drawn from him, the diviner privilege of dedicating his life and his wealth to the encouragement of learning, the advancement of religion, and the attracting to God's noble temple of the “rude mountain men " who surrounded the place of his birth, afforded a satisfaction and compensation which the service of crowned kings in royal palaces could not give, and which they could not take away. For a complete detail of what he did for the College of Jesus, at Rotherham, and what he intended to be done for it in perpetuity, we shall have to consult the statutes of his college, and his remarkable will. If he had had no biographer, if no such competent men as Bishop Hopkins, Fuller, Hearne, Cooper, Cole, and others, had testified to the princely liberality, the sound judgement, the high ability, the devout piety, and yet the genuine humble-mindedness of this great prelate, these his statutes and this his will would of themselves be a portraiture, life-size, of the inner man, which could not be contemplated without awakening deep and enduring feelings of love and reverence. @rch higi, gp 33 other jam. IO 5 Çffe College, The site of the College, as set forth in the king's license, was “upon a certain ground or site of the said Archbishop in the aforesaid town of Rotherham, which said ground contains in length, between the waste land of the Abbot of Rufford from the east part and the tenement of John Wentworth on the west part, 638 feet 7 inches, and in breadth between the close of the said abbot called the Imp-yard (nursery) on the northern, and the common stream in Rotherham aforesaid running and falling into the water of the Don on the south part, 623 feet 6 inches.” From the certificates we obtain but a very imperfect idea of the buildings of which it was composed. “First. The mansion house of the said College with a garden and an orchard within the clausture of the same of two acres and one house near unto the said College wherein the three free schools be kept. Part of the said seyte or mansion house is covered with lead, viz., the gate house containing six yards in length and four yards in breadth with two little turrets thereunto annexed. The chappel on the east side the said gate house with a crested roof containing in length eighteen yards, and in width on either side the roof five yards. A chamber on the west side the said gate house with like roof containing in length twelve yards and in breadth on either side the said roof five yards.” There has been nothing within the last half century at all corresponding with this description. But it must at a comparatively recent period have undergone great dilapidation. I have in very early years listened with great delight to the description given of the state of the College by an octogenarian, who knew it when it was the residence of the Hamers, one of the leading families of the neighbourhood, and who, he stated, used to issue out of its ponderous portals in carriage and four. At that time according to his statement all the large open space of the quadrangle was laid out in parterre and shrubbery. The centre of this then most respectable old market town would be adorned with a place of beauty, if not of learning. What I should take to have been the College grounds proper, were in my earlier years surrounded by strong and large brick walls, a small part of which is still left in several places (1860), with the figure of the Cross appearing at regular distances, built in different coloured brick. The walls to the north, and nearly down to the river on the west, were some 12 feet in height, as was also, what was left running parallel with Bridgegate. But I should be disposed to think that the College grounds would only be bounded by Bridgegate on the south, as a spacious underground passage to the river, still existing, runs at about the distance of 60 feet from the south frontage of the street, and there can be no doubt but that this subterranean passage would be in the College grounds. The College buildings formed a quadrangle, the street end of one side being for many years attorneys’ offices; the room on the ground floor beyond these offices was the Rotherham preaching room in connection with the Masbro Independent Chapel; the other side now being the College Inn. A high blank wall extended from side to side at the further end, with one lofty and large doorway in the centre, behind which were some out-buildings, which no doubt once had formed part of the finest or mansion portions of the structure. The front of this quadrangle, with a large open space between the parallel wings of the buildings was bounded, next Jesus-gate (as it was properly called and from which it has been improperly I4. Io6 - 330th crijam. altered), by a thick heavy wall, the coping-stones of which measured from three to four feet across. It was surmounted by strong iron palisading, and the entrance was between two square lofty pillars, some 16 feet high, with bold moulded caps, and surmounted by large balls. - The College, we are told by Leland, who visited Rotherham whilst it was still flourishing, “ was a very faire College sumptuously builded of brike.” “As red as Rotherham College,” became a proverbial phrase; but I should think the red walls would be relieved by quoins, mouldings, and dressings of perhaps white stone, as was shown in the beautiful Italian doorways at the north entrance, and which, with the small fine brickwork, almost like enamel, then to be seen there, may to some extent have indicated the style of an edifice at once worthy of the munificence, skill, and taste of the pious and beneficent founder. Such particulars will now be given of the institution, regulation, and lamentably brief duration of Jesus College, as at this distant period of time can be got together, of which the statutes of the College form the first, and perhaps most important instalment. Few of the early prelates have left two such grand memorials behind them as has Archbishop Rotherham in these statutes, and in his remarkable will. In the statutes, the wise and firm administrator, the loving Christian father in God, and the fraternal friend are exemplified in every provision made for promotion of comfort, and protection from evil. Two more important objects could hardly be found to engage the notice, and secure the sympathy of a man at once so generous of heart and sagacious of judgment, as the training of the quick but uncared-for youth of his native town, and the caring for the reputation and dignity of the priesthood of the place, who for lack of such chambers as he provides for them in the College, had as chantry priests “heretofore eating and passing the night in different places, brought scandal upon themselves and the church.” That objects so abundant in richest promise and in immediate moral good, to the town and people should have had so short a span of duration is beyond human comprehension, and, as respects the perpetrators of the wrong, beyond human forgiveness. - £5tatuteg of the College of ſiotherſ;am.” To all the sons of Holy Mother Church about to see these present letters, Thomas, by divine permission, Archbishop of York, Primate of England, and Legate from the Apostolic See, saluting with embraces of the Lord. Whereas we, the archbishop aforesaid, weighing and considering that in the town of Rotherham, in our diocese of York, where we were born, and by the font of holy regeneration were born again, where also with others passing our youth we were without letters, and we should have remained so untaught and unlettered and rude to a greater age but that by the grace of God a man learned in grammar came, by whom as from the first fountain we were instructed; God willing and (as we believe) providing us a training, we have come to the estate in which we now are, and many others have come to great things. Therefore, desiring to render thanks to the Saviour, and that we may not seem ungrateful nor show ourselves unmindful of the * Translation of Statutes of Jesus College, Rotherham. in the first lines have been filled in from the MS. Cotton M.S., Vit. E Io, fos. 226-234". The words of these statutes in Sidney College, Cambridge, the between [ ] are translations of those which probably beginning of which is printed in Hearne’s “Liber stood in the original but are lost through injury. The Niger Scaccarii,” Vol. II., p. 683, 2nd ed. Cotton MS. has been injured by fire, but the vacancies h TTI ºil. tºº. College of Jesus, Old Italian Doorways. 3rtiſt i350p $ntſ, crijam. Io'7 benefits of God and whence we came, we have determined to cause a like fountain to flow there, that is, to establish a teacher of grammar there for ever. Secondly, considering that many parishioners belong to that church and that very many mountaineers flock to it, that they may the better love Christ's religion, and the more often visit, honour, and love His church, we have thought good to establish another man learned in singing, and six choristers or chapel boys, so that divine service may be celebrated there the more honourably for ever. Thirdly, because that land produces many youths endowed with the light and shrewdness of nature, but all do not attain the dignity and height of priesthood, as such are fitted rather for the mechanical arts and other worldly affairs, we have ordained a third associate, skilled and learned in the art of writing and reckoning. But because the art of writing, music, and grammar are subordinate to the divine law and to the Gospel, we have established over these three fellows a theological one, who shall be at least a bachelor in theology, who shall be called provost, placed above the other three fellows in the rule and policy of the house, who shall be bound to preach in our province the ladder of Jacob, the Word of Jesus, the shortest and most certain way to heaven, and to rule the college. Finally, now reflecting that we are a most unworthy priest, although we consider and shall ever consider on that account nothing foreign to us that pertains to the dignity of priesthood, desiring by a work of supererogation to reform the chantry priests of that church who, heretofore eating and passing the night in different places, to the scandal of themselves and of the church, have been given up to ease and idleness, we decree and have decreed and willed in our mind that they shall reside in our college, that chambers shall be assigned to them and that they shall eat there, to the end that they shall be occupied to the praise of God and the health of their souls in grammar, music, singing, the art of writing, hearing the Bible, studying in the library, or hearing some teaching from the provost. In order that all these things therefore may be conducted and ruled in one house and under one government to the praise of Almighty God and the exaltation of the name of Christ, we found, create, erect, and establish, by our Ordinary and Metropolitan authority, a certain perpetual college, in the said town of Rotherham as is aforesaid, consisting of one provost, a preacher of the Word of God, three fellows in grammar, singing, and the art of writing º tº and six boys, out of the riches given to us by God: establishing and ordaining our college to be named and called by this name and title, The College of Jesus, of Rotherham, &c., henceforth for ever; and that the provost and the fellows of the same college and their successors shall be called and named Provosts and Fellows of the College of Jesus, of Rotherham, and shall be incorporated in one body in deed and in name, and shall have a common seal [to set] to writings and letters concerning the causes, business, and affairs of the same college. Of the Appointment of the Provost. Moreover, we have established and ordained that any provost to be of our said college must be a priest, doctor in sacred theology, or at least a bachelor in the same, of the University of Cambridge, of praiseworthy life and of good and approved conversation and discretion, prudent and circumspect in spiritual and temporal affairs, apt and fit for this office: the ordination and nomination of him and of the fellows of the said college we have reserved to ourselves while we live, and after our death we will that whenever the said provostship is vacant, a new provost shall be nominated and presented by the regents and non-regents of the University of Cambridge, or the major part of them for the time being, Io8 38 otherijam. to our successors, Archbishops of York, or the See being vacant, to the Dean and Chapter of York, within a month, after notice of the vacancy of the said provostship has been made to them, by writing under the seal of their university; which said regents and non-regents, or at least the chancellor or vice-chancellor, of the said university, we wish to be at all events certified by a messenger with letters, stating the manner of the vacancy, under the common seal of the college, at the costs of the same, within fourteen days [after a vacancy] of this kind. And by these presents we ordain that if they, the regents and non-regents, or the greater part of them, neglect within the said month so to present as aforesaid to our then successors—or, the See being vacant, to the said Dean and Chapter of York,+the ordination or collation to the said provostship will for that time then devolve as if by lapse on the {-} tº-g who, having God before their eyes, within [a month] of a devolution of this kind shall institute and ordain as provost such a man as – – as is aforesaid, graduated in the said university, without any affection and acceptance of persons [with which] we charge and adjure their conscience as far as by right we may, and that the said provost so as aforesaid shall be without any difficulty by our successors admitted and [instituted] within the month. And that the same provost on his institution shall swear upon the gospels to observe [the statutes] and ordinances of the said college and its foundation, and that in his letters of [institution and collation special mention be made of this oath. And as we prohibit all ways and craft which there may – tº-me on the part of the said provost against the observance of our statutes, we will, establish, and ordain that the future provost, immediately after his admission and institution or collation before *- =- letters of institution or collation es tºº a form according to the laws of the kingdom of England - - shall make and release to him who institutes him or to his collator * *E. in writing, we will that the same provost shall be bound under his name and surname and under [the seal] of the Provost of the College of Jesus, of Rotherham, to our successor, the Archbishop of York, for the time being, or the See of York being vacant, to the Dean and Chapter, in one hundred pounds Sterling to be paid to our said successor and his executors, or to the Dean and Chapter of York, at any feast within three months immediately following after the day of the making the said obligation, under the form of the following condition then inserted in that obligation:—The condition of this obligation is such that if the provost herein bound shall obtain any dispensation or privilege against the ordinances and statutes of the within written College of Jesus, at Rotherham, or shall enjoy any dispensation or privilege on that behalf, or shall make use of one in any manner, that then the present obligation shall stand in force and virtue, otherwise it shall be of no effect. And if the said provost refuse thus to bind himself effectually, or refuse or delay for three days, we will and decree on that account that his admission and institution, or collation, and his right to the office of provostship aforesaid by any means whatever shall be without any force and of no account, and the said office, ipso facto, is and shall be vacant. Again, we establish and ordain that nothing shall be required by anyone from the said provost for his letters of institution and collation, except such fees as are accustomed to be paid by the rectors and vicars of parochial churches in our diocese for their institution, which letters we will shall suffice for his letters of induction; and we will that the same letters shall be truly and effectually shown, handed over, and delivered, to be seen and read by the senior fellow priest of the said college by the said provost thus admitted and instituted, within fourteen days immediately following after his admission and institution, which having been seen by that senior fellow of the said college, without archidiaconal authority and consent [from which] 3rchbishop 33 otherham. Io9 jurisdiction we will that the said provost and fellows shall be altogether exempt, he shall be admitted and inducted into the said provostship according to the form below written. Provided always and entirely that before the said provost be inducted by any senior fellow in the real possession of the college or provostship, there shall be read to him intelligibly and distinctly [this] present foundation, and also all the statutes and ordinances of our college whatever [by the senior] fellow priest, in the chapel of the college and before the fellows, and the provost shall have a copy of them for the space of a day to [consider] their contents if he desires. And immediately and directly after his admission and induction in this sort by the senior fellow, having touched the most holy Gospels, a corporal oath written in a certain schedule of parchment ſº shall be administered] to him by that senior fellow tº-º; tºmº - two worthy witnesses and fellows [being present Pl - * Of the Form of the Oath to be taken by the Provost. I., N., Provost of this College of Rotherham, swear on these holy Gospels bodily touched by me, that I will faithfully perform and fulfill the office of the Provostship of this College, according to the statutes and ordinances of the same, as far as in me lies; I will maintain the honour and worth of the same; I will make personal residence in the present college for the greater part of the year, altogether or at separate times, without falsification. And I will maintain and sustain with my might the rights of this college, also any the lands, rents, possessions, produce, and revenues of the college, and I will not sell, impinge on, nor get rid in any way of the moveable goods belonging to this college, or that may in future belong, nor infeof any one in or of them, or alienate any of them, in any other way than to the profit of the college. I will not give up or sell the food- dues, or releases, or feofs to any one, and I will faithfully observe all the statutes and ordinances of this college, published or to be published, as far as to me belong, and will cause them to be observed with my might, so help me God and these holy gospels of God bodily touched by me. Then he so swearing shall subscribe his name and surname with his hand. And within two months after the oath being taken, the said schedule, with the oath thus sub- scribed shall be [shown 21 to [my] successor, the Archbishop of York for the time being, his vicar general, or, the see being vacant, to the Dean and Chapter of York – tº- * and shall be really delivered by the same provost, or by some one in his name and by his order, [and - º - I shall be laid up and kept in the archives and register of the said archbishop, or, the see being vacant, of the Dean and Chapter, as a terror of judg- ment and condemnation to the said [provost] if he be found thereafter wanting in the said oath, should contravene it, or - tº- – and knowingly violate or scorn it. Which provost so - tº- - we will and ordain to attend to and insist diligently with effect on the preaching of the word of God in our diocese of York and - *º-º – to WnS of Rotherham, Laxton, Almondbery, and Eglesfield, and the places [near] to the same, so that he do not omit every Sunday – * - at least, besides on Palm Sunday and on Good Friday, the days of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin and of All Saints, unless – tº - hinder him; and we wish him to be bound to ſpreach] on these feasts, besides other [feasts] at his pleasure. And that he immediately after his induction, and the taking of the oath, and - Eº – * º * º - making administration * * mºs * all goods spiritual and temporal of the said college - * *E* *º - of his conscience upon the good administration [the rest of the clause is too much injured to follow]. 110 r $ntijeriyam. Of the incompatibility of the Provostship. And we will and ordain that the office of the said provostship shall be incompatible with any benefices and offices whatsoever which by their nature require continual residence in a cathedral or collegiate church, or residence in a college, chantry, chapel, or hospital, or which may hinder in any way the effect of our statutes, ordinances, and foundation of the said college. " . . Of the Stipend of the Provost. The provost shall have for his yearly stipend and salary twenty marks sterling, with which sum, in virtue of his oath aforesaid before the fellows, he shall deem himself COntcnt. Of the choice of three Fellows. Moreover, we will that the fellows to be chosen to teach and instruct in grammar, singing, and the art of writing, be priests, if conveniently they can be had, or at least one of them, according to the discretion of the provost, who may be well and sufficiently taught in the faculties belonging to their office, and of good and honest conversation, &= -º - to be chosen and received by the said provost and the fellows, or at least by the senior fellow of the said college then actually being; of whom we will that the first rather fit and apt for this shall teach and instruct every scholar grammar, according to his office, pointed out to him for this purpose by the provost, by the supervision, discretion, and industry of the said provost. And we will that the second teach whatever scholars are desirous to learn singing, coming together and gathering from any part of the kingdom of England, and especially from our diocese and province of York, to the said college, [according] to the rules and institutes of the art of music, and particularly in plain and prick song [plano et fracto cantu] according - isºs Eº *; sºs sº sº sº in the art of writing and reckoning - - - - - scholars coming to our college - - - - - they shall instruct and teach scholars - - in the art of writing, without money or any other thing whatever; and in the houses ordained for such purpose within the college. Of the Oath of the Fellows. And the same fellows shall swear on their admission and reception before the provost, touching the most holy gospels of God, that they will do and fulfil their office faithfully, and will be obedient to the provost in all things lawful and canonical, according to the ordinances of the said college, and will observe with their power all the statutes and ordinances which relate to them while they remain there. Of the Rooms of the Fellows. Moreover we order that each of the said fellows shall have a separate or single room in the said college, to be assigned and settled for him by ourselves while we act in human affairs, and after our death by the provost. Of the Salary of the Fellows. And the teacher or instructor in grammar shall have for his annual salary, of the goods and rents of our said college, ten || – - and not beyond. And the instructor 3rtijëight, p 33 ºtherham. - III in singing from the same goods, ten es *º tº- beyond. And the instructor in the art of writing, eight marks sterling tº- sº- *= to be paid to each of them by the hand of the provost at the four usual terms of the year. For what causes Fellows ought to he removed from the College. And if it happen that any of the said fellows from a failing - &ºm in time, especially for half a year or thereabouts, or continually in that wise, so that he cannot fitly serve the use and profit of the scholars in his office according to the requisition of the statutes, - - or if he be entangled in any crime or heavy infamy, so that without scandal to his office he can not fitly remain in the college, either by the provost - - twice warned from any crime, or notorious or noteworthy failing as *- - - - or shall amend by &=º sº - he shall be removed and punished – * * another fit associate shall be named and chosen in the manner previously touched on." That no Fellow shall have a lenſe. We establish that no fellow shall have any benefice with his fellowship, unless it may be a free chapel or a prebend which does not require residence. That the Provost and Fellows sit at one table. Moreover, we establish and order that the provost and the said fellows live together in the said college, eating and drinking together at one table daily—unless any one should be hindered from some reasonable cause, to be approved by the said provost—and paying for the victuals, that is for his food and drink, out of his aforesaid stipend. Of receiving Residents into the College. And because in these days a scandal often arises from clerks and women dwelling together, and from the too great frequency of them at and in houses greatly suspected of lay men and women, if they enter frequently it may arise in future; therefore to take away this disgrace or scandal as far as in us lies, and that the chaplains and those wishing to reside in the same college may avoid ease and may have and receive a stimulus and *- – – - to study and learning, whether from instruction in grammar, singing, and writing, whether by reading and communication among many living together, we will and ordain that it may be lawful to the said provost to receive all stipendiary or chantry chaplains ministering and celebrating in the said church of Rotherham, and whatever other ecclesiastical men and scholars there may be now and in future, provided that they be of good fame and honest conversation, as guests and residents at his table, or otherwise, within the said college, yet at their own costs and expenses; and to allot and assign to them fitting rooms for nothing, at the pleasure of the provost, provided that by such allotment and assignation no disadvantage is engendered and no inconvenience caused to the provost or the fellows. And if any one of them behave improperly or wrongly in deed or in word, or molest or disturb the provost or fellows of the said college in any thing, or meddle too much with those who belong to the provost and fellows or to the college, on being twice warned by the provost or his deputy, not – * - sm - - he shall be expelled for ever, aud further *. * e- or to residence in the same college. * The general sense of this passage only can be given, owing to blanks. II 2 - 3&ntijerijam. Of the weekly Commons of the Fellows and the Residents. And because our intention respecting the reception of table-guests, more especially respecting the chantry-priests and other stipendiary priests in the town of Rotherham, was that they should eat together in one place, namely, in our college, and that they may the more make progress in virtue and learning, we establish and order that an arrangement of the commons be made, according to the discretion of the provost, that the poorer priests may continue and they may be able continually to support those guests, so that they do not exceed ten or twelve pence a week over the commons, except in those weeks in which the chief feasts [happen to be] celebrated; nevertheless then we will that the said commons be arranged according to the means of the poor guests, exeept in time of dearth, or for any other great cause, to be approved by the provost. Of provision to be made by the Provost, so that the Commons may be more easily supported. And so that the said provost and his fellows and other guests, as abovesaid, may the more easily support their costs and expenses, we establish, ordain, and will that the provost shall provide annually, at the cost of the college, gratis to himself, the fellows, and guests and dwellers there, the stipends of cooks, washerwomen, and barbers, and of all the neccessary common servants of that college; and fuel for the kitchen and the common [room] and for the other common houses; salt, Salt fish, flour, and candles, and all – - in the hall, store-room, kitchen, and other common rooms [literally, houses] of the same college, useful - - - Of the Fuel of the Rooms to be provided by the Provost. Also he shall provide at the cost of the college, fuel for the rooms of the fellows and the residents, so that he do not exceed beyond - *- shillings and fourpence in fuel for each room, but we will that the fuel for the room of the provost be regulated according to [his?] discretion and judgment, after the charges of the said college have been considered. That the Provost and Fellows are bound to be present at Divine Service in the Church. Again, we will and ordain that the said Provost and fellows be present on every festival day, as long as they are not absent from reasonable cause, approved by the said [provost] and granted to them according to our ordinances, in the quire [of the church ;) of Rotherham aforesaid, clad in their own surplices at morning mass and [at vespers?] - - - And the provost or a fellow shall cause - --> º – with the scholars of grammar and singing who wº- - - - - in like manner on festival days, a punishment to be imposed as often as they fail about this, at the judgment of the provost or - --> deputy. Of the exemption of the Provost and Fellows from obedience to the Vicar. Moreover, by our authority as ordinary and metropolitan, we wholly [set free, and by these presents exclude in all things the said provost and fellows, present and future, from obedience to the precepts and mandates of the proprietors and vicar of the said church of Rotherham and their successors in the same, and we limit and assign to the same provost and fellows, priests, prominent places on the left hand in the quire of the said church. - archbishop 33 ſtijerijam. II 3 Of the Masses to be said by the Fellows. Furthermore, we establish and ordain that the said provost and fellows who have been priests, shall be bound to celebrate their masses twice at least every week and on festival days—unless they are absent from a cause as above-mentioned—in the Chapel of Jesus, otherwise called the Chapel of St. Katherine, in the said parish church of Rotherham, and they may and can celebrate their other masses in the said chapel, or in the chapel within our college, at their pleasure. - Of the Collects to be said in the Masses. And that the memory of ourselves and of our parents and benefactors, and of King Edward IV., may be had perennially and the more readily, for the cure and health of our soul and of the said souls, we establish and ordain that at every mass – - - where ever the said provost and fellows may celebrate, while we live they shall say for our state this collect, joined with the principal prayer, “Rule thy servant Thomas, the archbishop, our founder,” privately and afterwards together; then this collect “God, whose property it is always to pity and to spare, pardon the Souls of thy servants the parents and benefactors of our founder, and of King Edward IV., and put away all their [sins],” &c., apart and afterwards together. And after our death, these collects, “God, who among the apostolic saints,” &c., privately and afterwards together. And the said collect, “God, whose property it is always to pity and to spare,” &c. Of saying Solemn Obsequies. And every year for ever, on the ninth day of the month - ºrrº they shall cause to be * - and celebrated in the said Church of Rotherham, with all the chaplains and scholars abovesaid, who – e- in the same town, the anniversary of our father and mother and of King Edward IV., and of our benefactors, with obsequies of the dead, with note and mass of requiem, on the morrow if they can conveniently be celebrated there on account of Good Friday, Easter, and other days; but if not, on the next day on which it can be done honourably; to celebrate with this principal collect, “God, Lord of Indulgences, give to the souls of thy servants the parents and benefactors of our founder and of King Edward IV. the anniversary of whose death we commemorate,” &c., which said obsequies and mass we will that the said provost shall personally perform and celebrate, unless he be detained by grave infirmity or other lawful impediment. And after our death in like manner they shall celebrate and cause to be celebrated every year on the anniversary of the day of our death, with the said chief collect, “God, Lord of Indulgences, give to the soul of Thy servant, Archbishop Thomas, our founder, the anniversary of whose death,” &c. And we will that on the same day of our anniversary the said provost and fellows shall have, admit, and receive - * -º- poor and greatly decrepit who can walk, of the parish of Rotherham aforesaid at a table to be [assigned] and set for them in the common hall of the same college, and there shall be served to the said poor coming together [food] and drink, and at their going away it shall be distributed to each of them - - for the health of our soul and of the said Souls, at the cost of the college abovesaid. Of Private Obsequies and other Prayers. Moreover, we establish and ordain that the said provost and fellows ſevery] week for ever shall say, privately, obsequies of the dead, while [we live] for the souls of our parents I 5 II.4. - 3&ntijerijam. and benefactors and of King Edward [Fourth] with the chief prayer, “God, whose property it is to pity " - - , and after our death for the souls of our parents and benefactors and of King Edward IV., with the said prayer now following, “God, [whose] property it is always to pity and to spare, pardon the souls of Thy servants, Archbishop Thomas, our founder, & of the parents, benefactors - - - Fourth, and put away all their sins.” - - and their hours - - and also after vespers after - tº- - “De Profundis,” with the usual entreaties and prayer, “ - - - - God.” And with these endings while we live, “May the souls of the parents and benefactors of our founder, and of King Edward IV., and of all the faithful dead rest in peace, by the mercy of God,” then they shall say in English, “God save my lord our founder, the kyng, and sende vs peace. Amen.” In like manner after our death they shall say the said psalm with entreaties and prayer, “Fidelium,” with this ending, “May the souls of Archbishop Thomas, our founder, and of his parents, benefactors, and servants, and of King Edward IV., and of all the faithful dead rest in peace by the mercy of God. Amen.” Of the Election of Six Boys. Furthermore, we will, establish, and ordain that, besides the number of one provost and three fellows aforesaid, six of the poorer boys of these parts, of the fitter and apter at learning and virtue, and particularly of our blood, and from the parishes of Rotherham and Eglesfeld, shall be adopted and chosen into our college by the provost, they shall be sufficiently provided in victuals and clothing at the cost of the same college, according to the discretion of the provost, and we will that they be taught and informed there in singing, grammar, and writing, up to the age of 18 years, unless they be found mature in knowledge and learning sooner, according as may be seen by the provost, concerning whose manners, virtue, and learning, we strictly charge the conscience of the same provost; also we will that they daily serve the provost and fellows at the masses, and both these and other guests at table, and in the reading of the Bible. And when these boys shall have completed the age of 18 years they shall be removed from the college, and others of the poor, &c., as abovesaid, shall be immediately chosen in their place. Of Chanting the Mass of jesus and the Antiphone of the Blessed Mary. Moreover, we will, ordain, and establish that the master-teacher in singing there for the time being, and the said boys, shall devoutly sing on every Friday for ever, at the altar of Jesus, within the said parochial Church of Rotherham, the mass of Jesus, and an antiphone of Jesus always at the vesper there on the same days; on Saturdays [being Pl the eves of the feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary and on every eve of the feasts of the Blessed Mary, at vesper, an antiphone for her at her altar, in the chapel upon the bridge, in the said town of Rotherham: Also every Saturday through the year at vesper, for ever, not happening on eves of the Blessed Mary, an antiphone of the Blessed Mary at her altar within the said church. - Again, we, Thomas *- - *- of us, the Archbishop of York, grant and give licence by these [presents] to the aforesaid provost." * The rest of this clause has so much wanting that the meaning is doubtful. ğr cijäigijap 33 otherijam. - r II 5 Of the finding of the Bread and Wine. We will also that the said provost provide for himself and his fellows aforesaid, bread, wine, and wax for the sufficient celebration of their masses in the said Church of Rotherham, and in the college, at the cost of the college. Of providing the Livery. Moreover, the same provost shall provide at the cost of the college every year, for ever, for his gown four common ells [virgas] and a half of woollen cloth, of a suitable or convenient colour, containing two ells or thereabouts in width, so that it do not exceed in price four shillings a ell, and twelve ells of the same cloth for [the gowns] of the said fellows, to be equally divided among them if they are all priests, [but if otherwise, four ells for each fellow-priest, and three ells only for him who is not a priest. And we will that the six college boys abovesaid shall have every year suitable gowns, reaching to their heels, of like colours, at a price per ell according to the discretion of the provost. Of the continuous Residence of the Fellows. Also, we establish and ordain that the said fellows, continually and personally, shall reside in our said college, nor shall they [bef) outside the said college without just cause, to be approved by the judgment of the said [provost] or of his deputy, nor absent himself under any circumstances beyond fourty [days] in the year, to be counted continuously or interruptedly, and then only for lawful and honest causes, and after having asked a licence from the said provost – - and at one time they shall use one licence of this kind for being absent, by turns tº- tº- or to be approved by the provost, under pain of perpetual separation from the college, - which penalty we will that they shall incur, ipso facto, if they or any of them absent [themselves] beyond the aforesaid forty days in a year, unless the absent fellow the said forty days, or these being gone by, in eight days" - x- - - Of avoiding Disgraceful Games and Suspected Places. Also, we establish and ordain that the said provost and fellows do not use games prohibited to the clergy by right, nor frequent taverns, or suspected houses, or disgraceful shows, nor shall they go thither under affected pretence, but show and exhibit themselves diligent and prepared about the divine obsequies and offices committed to them, and other honourable work. And because it is becoming that the ministers of the altar of the Immaculate Lamb, in order that they may be able worthily to offer the Immaculate Host for the living and the dead, should keep and preserve themselves pure and chaste, and untouched and unspotted from all fleshly allurements, we establish, ordain, and will that the said provost and fellows endeavour to shun the weakness of the flesh and its uncleanness and dishonour; nor shall they presume to approach suspected women, nor converse in disreputable places with suspected persons of bad repute; nor shall women go to the rooms of the provost or fellows, nor have talking with them in secret places of the college, or be with them. And that they permit no other women of any condition or state whatever to pass the night, or to remain within the college, without a great reason, approved by the provost. * The remainder of this clause has so much wanting that the meaning is doubtful. I I6 330th crijam. Of the Correction of Delinquencies within the College. Again, we establish, ordain, and will that the provost for the time being, or his deputy, have the correction and reformation of all [faults] and excesses whatever within the precinct of our college, committed by the fellows, dwellers, residents, guests, scholars, household, and other servants of the said college, and submit to and obey the said provost in the premises and sº *Eº in all other lawful and honourable things, according to our other ordinances, and accord to his judgment - – and his decision, they shall be sharply punished by him. Of the placing of the Rents of the College to Farm. We establish and ordain that it may not be lawful to the said provost to place rent out, or to let out to farm to anyone, any church appropriated to our college, or lands, meadows, pastures, tenements, houses, possessions, rents, services, profits, or revenues of the said college beyond three years, and then only to persons trustworthy and with sufficient ** º - to pay us our own faithfully, except from a cause - * Of a Chest and a Common Seal. Again, we establish, ordain, and will that the said provost [shall provide] a common chest, set for that purpose or to be set within the chapel *- – of the said college standing or remaining for the muniments :- - jewels and other precious things of the said college to be placed in it, with two locks and two different keys fitting them, of which we will that one key shall remain with the provost, the other with the elder of the fellow priests, and if there be none such, with the elder of the other fellows. And the common seal of the said college shall have been placed and shall remain in that chest continually, except at such times when the muniments and other necessary writings of the college may have to be signed in the presence of the provost and two at least of the fellows. And when the treasure of the college increases to the sum of ten pounds, or to a greater sum, we will that the same be placed in the common chest; and when it may be necessary to take out the same treasure for the charges and expenses of the said college, recourse shall be had to the said chest, and the sum necessary to that need, by the discretion of the provost and two at least of the fellows, shall be delivered to the provost's hand by a bill thereof made to be placed in the chest. Of an Inventory to be made by the Provost. Moreover, we establish, ordain, and will that the aforesaid provost for the time being, immediately after his induction – - shall come in some way to the administration of the property of the college - --- * shall make a faithful inventory in the presence of - mºs - of the said college, of everything belonging to that college, and then being within it tº- ** &Eº the inventory so made, subscribed under the own hand and seal of the provost, shall be placed, enclosed, and continually shall remain in the common chest aforesaid. He shall also make a like [inventory] every year of all moneys and goods of the college that happen to remain after the final account of the provost, which account [shall be] given fully and faithfully before tºº – aforesaid, and afterwards before us while we live, once every year, within a month after the feast of Saint Michael, [or] at least of All Saints, of all things found [i.e., paid] and received by him [in administration?] so that he be able to stand clearly with the state of the funds of 3rchbishop 33 otherham. II 7 the college tºº wº-ºº-e --> he shall render an account of the same in writing, which — º * = . he shall cause to be placed without delay with the said inventory, at our good will and pleasure while we live; we will and ordain that the same, after our death, shall continually remain in the said chest, under key therein, - And tº- * sºme - - die or be removed, that he be absent – - - - - provostship, or be deprived of all goods and - - - in the said inventory, contained as shall be just - {-gº tºº – he shall be held to answer faithfully [by] his executors to the future provost, within two months [after] the giving up, death, removal, or deprivation aforesaid. And so that he may be precluded from the way of malice and fraud, we will, ordain, and by these presents we decree that all the property of the said provost so giving up, dying, removed, or deprived whatever, actually being in our city, diocese, and province, eo facto, shall be sequestrated after the giving up, death, removal, or deprivation aforesaid; and what we have sequestrated we will shall remain under safe and close custody, by these self-same presents. And we decree that all and singular persons, of what estate, pre-eminence, dignity, or condition whatever they may be, spiritual or temporal, however they may shine in rank, who occupy or administer this property, or break the said sequestration, until the property contained in the said inventory, and all things administered by the said provost, shall be fully answered for to the new provost, and the said college shall be fully satisfied in all, then as now, shall be held excommunicated by these presents, and shall be denounced by these writings as excom- municated. Again, we ordain, will, and establish that the said provostship being vacant, the senior fellow-priest shall administer the property of the said college, if he bears himself well and honestly, and is apt, fit, and sufficient to perform that office, first making an inventory of all the property of the said college demised by the provost, as is said – *g -º-º: sº - ; but if not, another fellow suitable for this, or another honest priest of the same town, fearing God, and prudent and circumspect in temporal affairs, deputed and assigned thereto by our successors for the time being, shall excercise the office until another provost shall be personally instituted, received, and admitted in the same college, as is before said. He so administering shall render a full and [faithful] account of all the property of the college, receipts and expenses made by him in the [mean] time, to the future provost within seven [days] from the time of his induction into the same – tºº having first shown by oath before that new provost that the account is [fully] and faithfully made, and the said account, reduced into writing, shall remain in the aforesaid chest, under keeping there continually. But if the said person, administering and required to do as is aforesaid, shall refuse, neglect, or maliciously delay the same beyond the said seven days, ipso facto *º * *º- and we decree by these presents” j For what causes a Provost ought to he removed. And if the provost who now is, or who may be in future, alienate, waste, destroy, or consume the property of the said college, movable or immovable, or be unchaste, or entangled in any Theavy crime, and, being warned by us, or our successor for the time being, Archbishop of York (if the see is filled, or by the Chapter of York if the see is vacant), does not amend himself, he shall be removed by summary process, without bustle and show of judgment, from the said provostship, by our successor, or the Chapter of York if the see is vacant; and another fit provost shall be substituted in his place straightway. * The rest of the clause is much wanting. II 8 330th crijam. Therefore, let the provost for the time being in the said college, or any other administering in the same, beware that he never make damage to the property, or means, or other things belonging to the said college, in which he has no sole property, to the detriment, prejudice, or injury of the said college, but we enjoin and warn him, as he may wish to avoid divine vengeance, with extreme judgment, that, like a faithful and prudent spender, he shall turn and dispose of all the said property to the advantage of this college, according to his power. Of intimation to be made by the Ordinary as to dilapidation, &c. The fellows who, though not making fraud, destruction, or alienation themselves, knowingly tolerate them without objecting, shall be tºº gº by the Archbishops of York; and the fellows, if they know of such vices in the provost, or any other for the time administering, shall denounce him to our said successors; and we conjure and exhort our said successors, in the bowels of Jesus Christ, that they stretch out their hand to the reforming the provost, and to the observance of our foundation, statutes and ordinances, quickly, as the sort of matter may demand.” Of reading the Statutes twice in the year. Much wanting; but the general sense appears to be:—[In order that our statutes may not fall from memory, our foundation and statutes shall be read twice a year in the chapel of the college, in the presence of all the fellows, &c.] Of the correction of the Fellows to be made by the Provost. And for the amendment or reform of the fellows of the said college, if there be anything observed less diligently or remissly by them, they shall be openly and severely warned by the provost; and if again, the said provost anytime shall find or take the said fellows, or any of them, transgressing the said ordinances or any of them; he shall call them together, or to him, in some respectable place, openly or in private, he shall expostulate with them or him, as for a kind of crime or default, as often as and when there is need, and he shall correct and punish these delinquents by the withdrawal of their stipends, or by deprivation of fellowship, according to the greatness of the crime, or by enjoining the imposition of corporal punishment, as he shall see there is need for them; and if he, thus warned, does not amend, nay shows himself incorrigible, or stiff-necked and disobedient, according to the discretion of the provost, he shall be removed from the fellowship of the said college altogether, and another shall be chosen in his place. Of the removal of Boys and Fellows on account of the decrease of the possessions of the College. We establish, ordain, and will that if hereafter it happen, which God forbid, that by ill fortune, the fruits, rents, and profits of the churches, lands, or possessions of the said college decrease or diminish so far that they do not suffice for the sustenance and support of a provost, three fellows, and six boys, or the other charges set by us above, then first and soonest the livery of the provost, fellows, and boys shall be withdrawn, which being done, if the said rents and profits will suffice but less, one of the boys aforesaid shall be removed, then two more, or all, as it may be necessary. And if when all the boys aforesaid are * The general sense here given, but the clause much broken. archbishop 13 otherham. II 9 removed, the said rents and profits do not avail to suffice, there shall be withdrawn from the master of writing four marks from his stipend appointed by us out of the funds of the college. And when these removals and deductions have been made, if greater necessity demands it, the master in singing shall be removed. And - - – and by the profits of our said college tº- - and in that order in which they were removed aS *- - -*. - they shall be admitted and received thus again into the college Of the penalties of infringing or contravening the Statutes. Moreover, we establish and decree that if any one of the said provost, fellows, or any other person, religious or secular, presume knowingly to act against the said foundation or ordinance, or anything in them contained, if after being warned three times he have not amended, unless he is sometime brought low or corrected by the above specified punishments, he shall thereby incur the sentence of greater excommunication; his absolution, except at the point of death, we reserve to ourselves and our successors, Archbishops of York. And we approve, ratify, and confirm by our pontifical and metropolitan authority, all and singular the premisses thus by us established and ordained, with the will, consent, and assent of all and singular who are present on this behalf, and we establish and decree that those things shall be inviolably observed for ever in all future times. Also there is reserved to us the power of declaring and interpreting, of correcting and emending the premisses, and of publishing, making, or ordaining other statutes [or] ordinances, and to reform those - * and interpret, as, when, and where to us may seem best. We oblige and charge the provost - smº his modern successors to observe and fulfil all and singular these things, and thus - º - we decree by these presents in general and sinodal councils - º by general or special constitutions and ordinances established - - customs, &c., to the contrary notwithstanding - - * And that our foundation and ordinance may not perish but may remain safe and perpetual - º we will that our present foundation and ordinance shall be sealed in a tripartite writing - - whereof one original shall be placed in the common chest, to remain in the hands of the provost and fellows - - another in the hands of the Dean and Chapter of the [? metropolitan] church, and the third in the hands of our successors, Archbishops of York - tº- tº- it shall be written entire, in perpetual memory of the matter, in the registers of the said dean and chapter, also of the provosts – * also of our successors, Archbishops of York, who [are] concerned in this business. Lord Chancellor Campbell, in his “Lives of the Lord Chancellors of England,” says, “Lord Chancellor Rotherham was considered the greatest equity lawyer of the age.” The framing of these statutes seem to be a corroboration of this opinion. In them is seen the careful, comprehensive, and vigilant acumen of the judicial mind, guiding and guarding, and, when necessary, asserting dominance over the kind concern and Christian tenderness which dictates the arrangements required for the comfort and well-being of the inmates of the college whilst discipline prevails. And so when laxity, licentiousness, or disorder have to be provided against, and which it is to be feared there was too much occasion for, they are out-spokenly described, and severely dealt with. In the statute of the election of six boys there is an emphatic injunction on the provost in which it is said, “concerning whose manners, virtue, and learning, we strictly charge the conscience of the same provost ; also we will that they serve 120 33 otherijam. daily the provost and fellows at the masses and both these and other guests at table, and in reading the Bible.” What an inestimable blessing to the boys and to the town if six boys could have had these advantages from that time to this A fragmentary account only can be given of the provosts who held office during the existence of the college, which follows. @Ibe 33rouggtg of the College of ſegug, ſidtjerſjam, In the “Testamenta Eboracensia,” in reference to Archbishop Rotherham's will, Canon Raine has the following—Note “I simply put on record here, a few illustrative notes on what is probably the most noble and striking will of a mediaeval bishop in existence.” In connection with this, Mr. Raine further says, “I give a more accurate list of the earlier provosts” of Rotherham College. “Mr. William Greybern, S.T.P., appointed the first provost in 1482-3, Edmund Carter and William Alynson being at the same time made the first fellows. In 1474 he was collated to the rectory of Sherington, Bucks. This he exchanged on September 20, 1486, with John Proctour, for the rectory of Handsworth. On March 15, 1489-90, he was collated to a stall in St. Sepulchre's chapel, York. This he resigned in 1501. His will is dated July 21, 1501. To be buried within Jesus' choir in Rotherham church if I die there. To the poor at my buriall ſ 5. To each altar in the church of Banbury 12d. To the repair of Banbury bridge 6s. 8d. To the poor in the new almshouse at Banbury 6s. 8d. To the bells at Rotherham church 6s. 8d. To keep up Rotherham bridge 3s. 4d. To Robert Masham the use of my portifer during his life. For an obit for me ſ 20. The residue towards the exhibition of poor scholars at Grammar School and University. Executors, Robert Holden of Rotherham. Robert Masham and William Moore. [Pr. Dec. 18, 1501.]" . “Mr. Richard Hoton, S.T.B., collated Feb. 4, 1501–2, on the death of Greybern. He resigned in 1508-9, receiving a retiring pension of ſIo per a ſlill III]. “Mr. Robert Cutler, S.T.B., collated March 4, 1508-9, on Hoton's retirement. On October 24, 1497, letters dismissory were granted to Robert Cutler, of Rotherham, scholar. He must not be confounded with Robert Cutler, vicar of All Saints', Pontefract, who died in I 503–4. “Mr. Robert Neville, S.T.B., collated Jan. 9, 1517–18, on the death of Cutler (Reg. Wolsey, Io; b.) He was, I believe, of South Leverton, co. Notts., and had letters dismissory granted to him Dec. 9, 1505, being then A.B. On Oct. 2, 1506, Mr. Robert Neville was instituted to the rectory of Grove, Notts., on the presentation of Humphrey Hercy, Esq. He died in 1550, being at that time rector of Ordsall, vicar of Almondbury, prebendary of Bilton, at York, to which he was collated Jan. 30, 1549-50, and prebendary of Gaia Minor, at Lichfield, to which he was appointed in 1528. He was possibly the person who was appointed to the living of Staunton, dioc. Salisbury, in 1530, and to the 12th stall at Canterbury in 1543 (Le Neve I, 61).”” Thus far we are indebted to Mr. Canon Raine. * Reg. Test. Dec. and Capit. Ebor. ii. 29. b. N * “Testamenta Eboracensia,” Vol. 4, p. III, note, 1868. %%2%lºſº.º. ę. º §º 9:Smer this ſtone as here both ſº, & corps ºwntime of fame it theºball brew ºtºburntenelg RobPRT FüRSGLQWE 6p mgme and there brought up by parentz care at Schgolf (t ſearnin till afterwartz by UNCLE bear to Lomè on be waz haë . tº wipiºſ Bºstºy fight ºwne in paulºh, º Him aito g’ at Schoole più him maintain full jº 3 ºbºlº gear; amb them tittu #. Abhecº was place), as 3 biſh 2pace in Sºuthwarke call' where it both (g Saint MARYoyERIs tº Oxford then whº tº bint Sertã into that Giollºgº Antö there I4 y eat; tº him fürº wb #. º; t From thence at length sºony he wintº fievke of leſſºrting gºš to Gisburn ABBEY º: #ent, and place in PRIons feat BISHOP of Hull be mag algº, ARCHDRAcon bf Ní TINGHAM FRovost ºf RoſſFRHAM Col.I.EDGE too, of York eak SuffraGAN two GRAMER Sghooles he biº ocêxim ºutth T.And for toedure one Hospital, fºr to maintain tu etoe tutpotent, and poor 8.Burne than with TIDDEswall Town ſement & mo for this, Sağ CLERR ºf great renown, lyeth fire camp&#. thgºgſ, cruell DEATH º: bºſſ, º; thişşODY ºp here. get tramp of FAME Stö, an he wought to $own ###### Qat legiº hung perſom crebro religwwm memoravia vile taşaper Sam tugue tababer pris. t ſignſ, Jºy ºut ºf pull landſ ºff, ſº ſuffalº me as 'º º &ale l º | l 1. i It * l t ſ L I Iºlº TTT I I —I ... . I -T- | Photo. Litho RWhite. Worksop @rch fligijap 33 ºtherijam. I 2. I Richard jackson. Robert Newrie, 1534. Robert Purglove. The following inscription on a brass plate on his tomb in the chancel of Tideswell Church, of which it is at once an honour and an ornament, contains a somewhat full detail of a remarkable person, and the many changes which distinguished his life. It is engraved in black letter and Roman capital letters, and is here given from a copy taken by Mr. Jewitt. Gimber this gtant ag ſcre Notſ, 3Lu 3 corpſ; 50metime of fame in titlegſmall ºrch amt horm truelg, RoRERT PursglovE fig name amb there brought up fig partmtā cart at Stjønſt & Itarming tran till aftermarug fig uncLE Near to Lombon je mag jab into WILLIAM BRADSHAw ſight fig name in pauls ſuch bit ſim place and g at Stijngle bit tim maintain full trict 3 miſſile gear; Spart and then into the Øſtberge maš placet ag iſ migły in Šautiſmarke Call't tubert it untſ, 3 g Saint MARY over Is to Oxfor D tijen mijn bit ſim Sent into that Crºſſenge right Amt, there 14 gearg bit him fimb, tuff (Corpug (ºbrigti jigſt From thence at length atmag je ment, 3 (Clerke of learning great to GISBuRN ABBEY Streight mag gent amt; platt in PRIORs gºat BISHOP of Hull je mag algo ARCHDEAcon of NoTTINGHAM PRovost of RoTHERAM ColleDGE too, of York eaft SUFFRAGAN ting GRAMER Schooles ijt bit Grbain ſuitſ, LAnd for to Endure one Hospital for to maintain timeliſt impotent amt; poor O GISBuRNE tijou miti, TIDDESWALL Town 3Lement ant mournt gott map for tijiā gait CLERK of great remonym 3Lpeti, bert compaşt in clag though cruell beath batſ; mom Nom brought this BoDY mt here doth ly get trump of FAME Stag can be muttgift tº 3Gunt big praige on higi, (But Izgig junt bergum Crchſ reliquum memorrrig bile cataſer Sumt tuque canaber trig. The slab in which this figure and inscription are inserted, is surrounded by a border-line of brass bearing an inscription, and at the corners are the four emblems of the Evangelists. is as follows:— The inscription, which is in old English lettering + (ſtijrigt ig to me ag life on eatti), and beatſ) to me ig gaine $32Cauge 3: trugt through jim alone galbation to obtainte $50 brittle ig tje gtate of man, 30 300m it botſ) becap, $50 all the glory of tijià toutſt, mu3t pågå antù falſe atmap &ſjig 33 obert ºutgglobe sometome 33igüoppe of £ull deceasset, the 2 lap of ſāaii in the pert of out 3.0tt God 1579.” a “ On f pavement in Tideswell Church is a fine brass to º of Bishop Pursglove. . During the recent restdºration of the chancel, it was placed level with the rest of the pavement, though when we first saw it, it was raised about a foot from the ground. But we then noted from the appearance of the edges of the slab that it had been originally designed for the position it now occupies. In the centre of the stone is a full-length, well-engraved effigy of the bishop, and his vestments are somewhat remarkable when we consider the date of his interment. He is represented in Eucharistic vestments, mitre, amice, albe, dalmatic, chasuble, stole, jewelled gloves and sandals, but without the maniple, and with the pastoral staff over his left shoulder.—“Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire,” by /. Charles Cox. - 16 I 2.2 - 330th crijam. After the various ecclesiastical appointments Pursglove had held, it does not seem that the changes of the Reformation met with much acceptance from him, and although under Mary he appears to have conformed, yet when in 1559, the 2nd of Elizabeth, “all spiritual persons holding preferment were required to take the oath of supremacy,” he, with all the bishops except Llandaff, gave up their preferments. We can hardly be surprised at this, seeing that strangely enough at three several decennial periods of his life he had been ousted from some important ecclesiastical or scholastic preferment. In 1540, when the rich priory of Gisburn, of which he was prior, was suppressed, and of which it is said in a MS. quoted by Grose, “the pryor lived in the most sumptuous style, being served at table by gentlemen only.” About 1550, when as provost of Rotherham College he had to witness the dissolution of that nobly designed and comparatively newly erected College of Jesus; and now again 1560, as Archdeacon of Nottingham, and Suffragan Bishop of Hull, he is deprived of these and other spiritualities, but not empty-handed. He retires from the busy and eventful arena of public life, which has been to him full of interest, and rich in ecclesiastical distinction, to the village of Tideswell, where he was born, and it would not be easy to find, after such a life, a more utter seclusion from its vanities and vexations than his native place. The scholastic duties of Rotherham College, and the simpler style of service there, intervened, or it would seem a transition strange enough To point a moral, or adorn a tale, from the princely state observed at the priory of Gisburn, to the primitive habits, and half-pagan state of the “rude mountain men,” amongst whom he was for so many future years to exercise the virtue of resignation. Let us trust that his tombstone truly records that whatever of worldly holding or homage he had lost, in this high peak solitude he had found that higher and holier satisfaction which the queen's supremacy could neither give or take away. Christ is to me as life on earth, and death to me is gaine, Because I trust through him alone Salvation to obtaine. With the wealth he had derived from the church in his days of spiritual power, he founded a grammar school and a hospital for twelve poor men at Tideswell, and a grammar school at Gisburn; and with this noble record we bring to a close this unduly extended notice of the last provost of the College of Jesus at Rotherham. - john Bokyng. On August 24th, 1483, John Bokyng, master of the grammar school at Rotherham, desires to be buried in the south chancel of Rotherham Church, near the stall in which the wife of Richard Lille, bailiff of Rotherham, and Margaret his wife sit. To the fabric of the chapel to be built on Rotherham Bridge 3s. 4d. To Margaret his wife a close of the value of 8s. per annum, to go after her death to Thomas, Archbishop of York, for his college at Rotherham [Pr. Sep. 17 Reg. Test. v. 886.]" The Will of William Rawson, Provost of Rotherham College. June 22, 1495. William Rawson, praepositus collegii de Jhesu de Rotherham. Sep in eccl. par. de Rotherham, infra capellum de Jhesu. Lego pro uno lapide cooperiendo a “ Testamenta Eboracensia.” 3rtijëigijap 33 ºtheriyam. - - I 23 sepulcrum, sculptura literarum in eodem, etc. xvs. Pro extrancis in prandio infra collegium septimadie, vs. Summo altaris, pro unole awter cloth, v virgas de panno lineo. Librario collegii d Jhesu in Rotherham, Nichalaum de Lira super salterium; primam Quinqua- genarum Augustini librum sermonum domini Calin', in quo continentur Sermones magistri Cotys; unam summam nobilem, vocatum summam Angelicam, Magistro Johanni Kyrhalgt sermones vocatos Mawdelen Sermondes in quaterius. Rogero Hinckkyrsell coopertorium pro lecto contextum cum unginibus, habentibus ancas in manibus. Domino Johanni Stryger unum rubeum mantellum. Johanni Bocher, famulo meo pro annis quibus servivit mihi in servitio, et alias ex caritate iij marcas, magistro prest de Cantbregia quaternos quos dam de materia sermonizandi; quosdam de materia scholastica Sen disputandi, una cum lectionibus scholasticis et aliis, ut ipse det illa collegio, vocato Pembroke stall. Ecclesiae de Overton Waterwyle xj virgas panni linei pro ij le awterclothis ad summum altare; altari S. Katerinae indicta eccl v virgas de meliori panno lineo; et altari lineo; et altari alio, exparti australi v virgas, ad faciendum le awterclothis [Pr. 25 July 1495]. Mr. Canon Raine failed to make out how the testator was connected. Mr. Thomas Rawson of Easingwold, leaves to his brother William, if he lives and becomes a priest his best book (Dated May 9, 1451 and proved June 2, 1452). A William Rawson, S.T.B., was vice-chancellor of Cambridge in 1492. He is probably the same person as the testator. The testator does not appear in Mr. Hunter's list of the provosts of Rotherham College, nor is there any appointment of him as such in Archbishop Rotherham's Register. If, therefore, he is to be placed on the list, we must suppose that Greybern resigned, and was re-appointed on Rawson's death. The provosts were obliged by statute to be Cambridge men." The following is not otherwise connected with Archbishop Rotherham than as illustrative of the ecclesiastical rule and governance as enforced by him. The will of Mr. John Lathom, Canon of Beverley, an ecclesiastic who held high offices in the diocese of York, and made a pious disposition of his wealth. He was probably the greatest benefactor that the little nunnery of Appleton ever had. It is in the Ainsty, some eight or nine miles from York. It was founded by St. Adelina de Quintin in the 12th century. At the dissolution, the family of Fairfax had a grant of it, from which it passed to the Milners about the year 17oo. Shortly after the above testator's death, in the autumn of 1489, Archbishop Rotherham held a visitation of the nunnery of Appleton, and issued the following body of injunctions.” - First, and principally, we commande and injoyne that Divine service, and y” rewles of your religion be observed and kept accordynge to your ordour, that ye be professed to. Item that y” cloistre dores be shett and sparn in winter at vij and in somer at viij of the clock at nyghte; and y” keys nyghtly be delyvered to you prioresse; and ye, after y” said houres, Suffre no person to come in or forth, without a cause reasonable. - Item that ye prioresse suffre no man loge under the dortir, nor oon baksede; bot if it be such sad persones, by whom your howse may be holpyne and socured w'out slaunder, or suspicion. Item, the ye, prioress, and all your sisters loge nyghtly in y” dortour savyng if ye or your sisters be seke or deseased, then ye or thei, so seke or deseased, to keep a chambre. Item, that noon of your sistirs use y” alehouse nor ye waterside, where concusse of straungers daily resort. * “Testamenta Eboracensia,” Vol. 4, p. iii. * Reg. Rotherham, 245, a. b. I 24- 3āotijerijam. Item that none of your sistirs have their service of mete and drynke to y” chambre, but keepe y” frater and y” hall, according to your religion, except any of thaim be seke. Item that none of your sisters bringe in, receyve, or take any laie man, religious or secular into y” chambre or any secrete place daye or nyght, nor with thaim in such private place commyne, ete or drynke w'out lycence of you prioresse. Item that ye prioresse, lycence none of your sistirs to go pilgrimag or viset y' frendes w’out a grete cause; and then such a sister, so lycencyate by you to have w” her oon y” most sadde and well disposid sistirs to she come home agayne. Item that ye graunte nor sell no corrodies nor lyveres of brede, nor ale, nor other vitell, to any person or persones from hens forward, wout y” auctorite and speciall lycence of us or our vicar generall. Item that ye se no such servauntes, as longeth to your place, come into mete or drinke, and not to have lyveres of brede and ale outward, but if ye thynk hit necessarye and for the welth of your house. Item that ye take no perhedinaunutes or sogerners into your place from hensforward, but if thei be children, or ellis old persones, by which availe beliklyhod may groue to your place. Mar. 8, 1504-5. Robert Holden, ad up cancello par eccl. de Rotherham pro vitriatione unicio fenestra xiijs. iiijd. Hunter justly and appropriately observes “in this foundation what a different course was taken by the liberality of those in whom were united a strong feeling of religion, and the means of accomplishing great undertakings, from that in which it proceeded two or three centuries before. In earlier times the greater religious foundations were of houses in which lived a race of people who were supported without labour, and who consequently did little to produce the wealth which they consumed. But here important services to the community were required of all who partook of the founder's liberality. The provost was to be diligent in preaching, a duty which was not in those times supposed to belong to the office of the rector or vicar of a parish. The fellows were to teach the useful arts of writing and arithmetic to the many; grammar, rhetoric, and poetry, words which still not unaptly describe the course of instruction in our great public schools, to the youth of better condition; and music to those who were training up for the priest's office, or for subordinate offices in the Church. What could have been better imagined, or how could the archbishop's liberality have taken a nobler or more useful direction * * * Surtees Society “Testamenta Eboracensia,” Vol. 1, pa. 174. * Reg. Rotherham. * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. 2, p. 7. 3rtijëight, p 330th crijam. I 25 ©ur Laby's Chapel on the 25ribge. “The sacred taper's light is gone, + -: -- + The holy image is o'erthrown, + + + -: The holy shrine to ruin sunk.” The erection of this edifice seems involved in a good deal of obscurity. The earliest notice as yet ascertained respecting it, is in the will of John Bokying, Master of the Grammar School at Rotherham, which is mentioned in the account of the provosts of Rotherham College. The will is dated August 24, 1483, and in it he bequeaths “To the fabric of the chapel to be built on Rotherham bridge, 3s. 4d.” The foundation stone of the College of Jesus had been laid just one year before; he also leaves “to Margaret, his wife, a close of the value of 8s. per annum, to go after her death to Thomas, Archbishop of York, for his college at Rotherham,” so that there is good reason to conclude that the building of the college and the chapel were going on at the same time, and at the cost and under the supervision of the same munificent benefactor, especially as we see by the Statutes of the College that the antiphone of the Blessed Mary is to be celebrated “for her at her altar, in the chapel upon the bridge, in the said town of Rotherham.” There were, as has been before stated, feoffees appointed by “the whole community,” before the decree appointing the feoffees of the common lands, and these feoffees for the several divisions or districts of the town were called “greaves of Our Lady's lights,” and it is in connection with these officials that we have the next mention of the chapel on the bridge. “Memorandum. That Thomas Richardson and John Holdham had delivered to their hands, of Our Lady's stock of the Bridge, for certain stuff that was there, in money ſº 2s. od. Item, that there remaineth in their hands, also, an image of Our Lady and her Son, of fine gold, and a broken ring of gold.” I 26 - $otijerijam. This bears date 13th July, 1538. Under the now well-known circumstances of the time and place, it is not difficult to divine for what object the chapel was erected. The building and princely endowment of so splendid an establishment as the College of Jesus at a small town like Rotherham, with its dormitories for itinerant ecclesiastics, and public table for wayfarers, would necessarily attract from time to time numerous strangers and pilgrims to visit the place, and a chantry or oratory on the bridge giving entrance to the town would supply a fitting opportunity for the performance of acts of devotion on the part of indigent or other travellers, and for the bestowal of alms or oblations on the part of the richer sort for the support of the shrine, or for the maintenance of the bridge, as was the usage of the time. In an old drawing of the town in the British Museum, in which the Bridge Chapel is shewn, the mutilated description says: “The Bridge built of curious gº tºº on which there is a neat – tºº for pilgrims.” In 1550, the old accompts have, “Item, paid to John Ankered, for mending a lok of y" queere in y” chappell at y” brigg, iſ".” Leland, writing about the same time, says, “I enterid into Rotheram by a fair stone bridge of iiij arches, and on hit is a chapel of stone wel wrought.” Camden, or rather Gough, says, “ The chapel on the bridge is standing, but converted into a dwelling house for poor people.” - - - It would seem also that there was a “yate” at the chapel. In 1595 we have : Item. Paid for a locke at the yate at the chapell . . © e iſ' 1603. Payd for y” yeat by the chapell to Hadfield . e e iſ iſ Payd for y” locke and key for y” yeate neere y” chapell & vj" 1604. Payd for a pick and a houp for the yeat by the chappel . vd Seeing now a little more clearly the period at which the chapel was built, and the pious purposes to which it was devoted, some notion may be formed of the style in which it was maintained, and the richly appropriate appearance it internally presented. No doubt but that here, as in similar chantries elsewhere, an early mass for pilgrims and travellers would be celebrated, and that the altar would be worthily adorned. The chapel in its internal decorations, and the officiating chantry-priest or priests in the richness of their vestments, would also bear some correspondence to the costly utensils of the altars and to the gorgeous vest- ments of the priests of the neighbouring parish church. We are told that in 1538 the greaves of Our Lady's lights of this chapel had in their hands ſó 2s. od. This would be a large sum at that day. At the end of their year of greaveship, when the year's expenditure for serges (wax-lights) had been made, we are told also that “there remaineth also in their hands an image of Our Lady and her Son, of fine gold.” No doubt but this image, under an enriched canopy at some appropriate part of the altar, itself and the chapel illuminated by a grand display of wax tapers, for the providing of which we have seen there were special greaves, would present a splendid and imposing scene, which, with the choral services of the “queere,” would be well calculated, and * It may be that this “yate” might belong to St Manor to take toll at the bridge of all cattle coming James’s Chapel, in Wellgate. But within the present into the town on fair days, and of a fire being kept century it has been the custom for the Lord of the burning all night. - 3rtijëigijap 330tſ, crijam. 127 in accordance with the spirit of the times, in the words of Hunter, to win “men over to the cause of devotion by appeals to the senses as well as to the under- standing.” t Its fall from this proud position was at hand. It would fall with the college, and like it be dissolved and despoiled. But it was not endowed, and there were no revenues from lands or houses to distribute. It had been sustained by the voluntary offerings and oblations of casual worshippers visiting and passing through the town; and with them the revenue fell away, and the worship ceased. The wax tapers for the altar services ceased to be required, and the office of greaves of Our Lady's lights, in so far as they were concerned, also expired. But there were other feoffees (and perhaps often the same persons), supervising and directing the public affairs of the town, which included streets, bridges, &c. The chapel on the bridge had too a ponderous external purpose to serve in addition to its internal pious uses;–it was the bulwark of the bridge, and in this regard could neither be despoiled nor dissolved. The question, therefore, which has been frequently asked, but has hitherto seemed unanswerable as to how did the chapel on the bridge come into possession of the feoffees of the common lands of Rotherham —is obviously thus met. The greaves of Our Lady’s lights, as such, had ceased to exist, but the chapel remained in their possession, they still representing the public. Its only public purpose was the support of the bridge, over which the greaves of the feoffees of the common lands had jurisdiction, and therefore, as it were, as a matter of course it came into their possession. And in their possession it may be said at the time to have suffered the least possible profanation in being converted into an almshouse. It is seldom mentioned as such, except that occasional alms were given to the occupants for the time being:—how long it remained an almshouse, there seem to be no means of ascertaining. From the document which follows it seems, in 1681, to have been in a ruinous, and as it would seem, hardly habitable condition. - The following paper shows that what the feoffees had obtained as property rights, they knew how to maintain, and that without the usual contingent obligations. They seem to have been clever enough to prove, that whilst the chapel on the bridge belonged to them, it belonged to the county to keep it in repair; as in the case of their having had the ablest legal assistance of Mr. West on a previous important occasion, they had now the able assistance of Mr. Derwent, one of their own body, and they won the case in what would seem to have been a very perilous contention. In 1683, the feoffees had this very unusual and very important contention with the Riding respecting the bridge, of which an account is given in the following transcript of the proceedings. “M". That whereas the great rideing bridge over the river Dun, at Rotherham, and also the old chappell there, which supports the same, both became very ruinous and in extreame decay in the year 1681, whereupon, after a view and certificate from two justices, applicacion was made to the Sessions, held at Pontefract, in April, 1681, where, for some dayes, it was disputed whether the said bridge was a riding bridge or not, and secondly, whether the said old chappell was absolutely necessary to be repaired as to the walls and roofe in order to the better support of the said bridge; for the clearing of the first point, Mr. Darwent and Mr. Sorsbie, for the said towne, was at great trouble and charge to search out I 28 - º Rotherham. ancient orders to show to the court to cleare that point, which accordingly they did; the great objection against it was the towne's voluntarily moneys to the repaires thereof out of the towne's stock, and not requiring the same of the county for about twenty years, but in the conclusion the court was satisfyed in both points by showing severall accompts for such summes regestred in this booke in the accompts of severall greaves, and therefore ordered that one hundred forty and eight pounds should be estraited, which was done accordingly; and at Pontefract Sessions, 1682, sixty more as an adicionall summe; and at Doncaster Sessions, in January, 1682, twenty pounds more; which said summes completed the said worke, and also the walls and roofe of the said old chappell; and Mr. Darwent and Mr. Sorsbie had five pound a peece allowed by the county for their paines and care in the premisses; and Mr. Justice Blythman and Mr. Justice Edmonds were surveyors and accomptants, and S. John Reresby and Justice Yarbrough, by order of court, tooke and allowed the accompts at Pontefract Sessions, 1683, and the worke being then finished the accomptants were discharged. - - “All which new and old orders and accompts and discharges and other proceedings thereupon are tyed together and put into the towne's chest by Mr. Darwent, this third day of August, 1683, for the better preservation thereof, and this memorandum here registered, that posterity may hereafter easily cleare to any court the former points in dispute, and not be put to the like trouble through the forwardness of the towne disburseing money or remissness of officers in keeping their orders and accompts.” Unfortunately posterity is deprived of the advantage which such careful means were taken to secure. The papers, with many more of great interest, have been long missing. One almost revolts from recording that from the comparatively high estate of an alms-house it was next doomed to the ignominious purpose of a prison, as the following extracts sadly record. “ 1778, June 6". Ordered that the greaves do employ a proper person to examine y” state of y'alms-house, and to report what expence will be necessary to make the same into a dwelling-house for y” deputy-constable, and secure gaols for the reception of prisoners. - “ 1779, February 5". That the greaves do immediately agree with Mr. Platts for altering the alms-house to a prison, and according to a plan now in their hands, so that the expense of the alterations do not exceed thirty-six pounds. “ 1779, June 16". Ordered that John Watson be permitted to inhabit that part of the alms-house designed for the deputy-constable. That the rent of the same shall be five pounds. Only to use the two first rooms and the pantry on the ground floor, and the two chambers over the same. The other parts of the house being designed for other purposes. And that he shall not take out a licence to sell ale or spirituous liquors.” - - The fate of such grand religious edifices as Roche Abbey was enviable, demolition saved from after-desecration; how preferable that such beautiful structures, raised in loyal love to the Saviour, and long faithful thereto, should be razed to the ground, rather than that they should be left in their ruinous reproachful beauty to be prostituted to vilest uses, with ignominious names. But such was the fate of Our Lady's Chapel on the Bridge. It is hardly conceivable how it could have been condemned to a coarser desecration. - archbishop 33 otherijam. 129 Where in earlier times the altar would stand—where, richly canopied, the image, in fine gold, of the Virgin Mother and her Son would draw to it all worshipping (however erring) eyes and hearts, when the fragrant incense would then rise in filmy folds, and vocal music from the choir, as though telling of heavenlier spheres would fill the hallowed way-side shrine, and speak peace to the wearied pilgrim's soul, cannot be determined. In evil after-time, at one period of the year, and that the hot summer season, when the Quarter Sessions were held, the same profaned space would be all but pestilentially permeated by the fetid stench of crowded felons, and would be ringing with the sound of ribald songs and daring blasphemies—no longer vocal with “airs from heaven” but “blasts from hell.” - - - - The chapel was relieved from this ignominious desecration when the new court-house was erected in 1825-6. It may be that “in the good time coming,” when what Hunter terms “ the superstitious rage against superstition ” is no more known, that a Christian community may behold in this ancient chapel a fitting temple in which the sounds of prayer and praise in simple and solemn worship may be again heard. - - In Buckler’s “Remarks upon Way-side Chapels” it is thus described:—“The chapel at Rotherham approaches nearly in point of dimensions to this of Wakefield. Their interior measurements are respectively 32 feet by 14 feet, and 40 feet by 16 feet 8 inches. The design at the Chapel at Rotherham is plain: there have been two windows on each side, one at the east end, and one high up, and of small size, at the west end over the entrance. The pediments and side parapets are embattled, and terminated with numerous crocketed pinnacles. The mullions and tracery of all the windows have been destroyed, and whatever ornamental features may have graced the interior, there is nothing of the kind now visible.” The exact measurement differs from the above, it being 32 feet 9 inches in length, by 15 feet 5 inches in width. - - To return, we learn from Browne's excellent “History of York,” that “Archbishop Rotherham being in the seventy-sixth year of his age, and having governed the See of York nineteen years, nine months, and some days, died at Cawood, on the 29th May, A.D. 1500. His body was brought to York with honour, and buried, according to his will, under the marble tomb which he had caused to be erected and adorned during his life, on the north of the altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and near to it in the Cathedral Church of York. The tomb above the vault, containing the remains of the Archbishop, suffered very much by the destructive fire of 1829; but in 1832 it was restored, except in some of the marks of its ancient metal adornments, by the liberality of the rector and fellows of Lincoln College, Oxford, to which the archbishop was a munificent benefactor. - - “Mr. Drake, in his ‘Eboracum, ed. 1736, p. 447, speaking of Archbishop Rotherham and his tomb, says, “On removing the pavement this last year, a vault was discovered to run under this tomb, it was easily got to, in which the bones were laid, but nothing remarkable about them, save that a wooden head" was found in it, exactly resembling a barber's block, and had a stick thrust into the neck to carry it on. This head is a piece of extraordinary sculpture for that age, * Oxford, 1843, p. 25. - Dymock, that it was the head of a figure of Archbishop * A similar head was seen by the Rev. J. Eastwood Rotherham, over whose effigies funeral obsequies were at Southwell, and he was told by the Rev. Canon performed. [J. G.] 17 I 3O 330th crijam. but whether it be a representation of his own, or that of some titular saint, I cannot determine. It seems most probable that it was a resemblance of his own, for dying of the plague, his body being buried immediately, an image was substituted instead of it, for a more solemn and grand interment, of which this served for the head.’ “This account by Mr. Drake, which is not supported by reference to any authority, does not seem to be consistent with fact. There is no evidence that the archbishop died of the plague, or that this dreadful visitation extended its ravages beyond the year 1499. No memorial remains of an immediate and hurried funeral, or of the burning of the body, according to the tale with which the exhibition of the head is accompanied in the vestry of the cathedral. He is said to have been sumptuously and honourably interred, but it is certain that the solemn exeguies of the church would not have been performed over an empty coffin or a mere effigy. During the month of January, A.D. 1844, the damaged floor of the eastern part of the central portion of the choir was removed, and this removal caused an opening to be made in the west end of the archbishop's vault. This circumstance enabled the present author [Mr. Browne] to inspect the whole length of the vault, and thus to observe much of its contents. Therein was displayed evidence of violent destruction and violation, for a strong wooden coffin was evidently much broken, and large pieces thereof lay by the side of the lead coffin, which was torn open its whole length, and left in a rude, ragged, and disordered state, such as might be expected from the hands of ruthless plunderers in search of wealth. The bones of the archbishop seemed to be pretty perfect, the ribs not having separated. The remains were lying with the feet to the east.” “ - Licence to Thomas Rotherham to found a Chantry in the Parish Church of Rotherham.” The king to all to whom, &c., greeting. Know, that we, of our special grace and at the humble supplication of the venerable father, Master Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and for a certain sum of money paid to us by the said bishop, have granted and given licence, and by these presents do grant and give licence for us and our heirs, as far as in us is, to the said bishop, that he-or he being dead, his executors and assigns, or anyone or more of them—may make, found, erect, create, and establish, to endure in times to come, a certain perpetual chantry, with one chaplain continually [who] shall for ever celebrate divine service every day at the altar within the Parochial Church of Rotherham, in the county of York, by that bishop newly constructed, built, and dedicated to the glory, praise, and honour of our Lord Jesus Christ,-for the health of us and of Elizabeth, Queen of England, our beloved consort, and of our very beloved son, Edward, Prince of Wales, and of the rest of our children, while we live, also of the aforesaid bishop and his benefactors while they live, and for the souls of us and our progenitors when we may die [pass from this light], also for the souls of the aforesaid bishop, his friends and benefactors when they shall likewise die, also for the souls of the relations of benefactors, and of all the faithful dead; and for certain works of piety and mercy according to ordinances, statutes, and constitutions to be made, ordained, and established * “History of the Metropolitan Church of St. Peter, * Patent Roll, 20 Edward IV., part I, m 3. Original York,” by John Browne, 1847, pp. 264-265. printed in Dugdale’s “Monasticon Anglicanum,” vol. 6, - p. 144 I. Ed. 1830. @r cijäigijap 33 otherijam. I 3 I on that behalf by the said bishop, or his heirs and assigns aforesaid, or any of them. And that this chantry, when it shall be thus made, founded, erected, created, and established may be a perpetual body, and shall be named and called the chantry of Master Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, at the altar of our Lord Jesus Christ, within the Parochial Church of Rotherham, in the county of York, for all future times. And the chaplain of the said chantry, and his successors, chaplains of that chantry, shall be called and named the chaplain of the chantry of Master Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, at the altar of our Lord Jesus Christ, within the Parochial Church of Rotherham aforesaid for ever, and shall have perpetual succession. And that he may be a person able and capable in law for acquiring from any person or persons whatever wishing to give, bequeath, grant, or assign to him, or his successors, lands, tenements, annuities, rents, and other possessions whatsoever, in fee and in perpetuity, to have and to hold to him and his successors, chaplains of the chantry aforesaid, for ever. And also that the said chaplain and his successors, chaplains of the chantry aforesaid, by the name of chaplain of the chantry of Master Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, at the altar of the Lord Jesus Christ, within the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid, may plead and be impleaded, prosecute, and defend, and be defend in any court and place whatsoever, and before any justice and spiritual and temporal judges in all and every action, real, personal, or mixed, suit, quarrel, and demand moved, or to be moved, by him or against him in the courts and places aforesaid, or any of them. And, besides, we have granted and given leave, and by these presents we do grant and give leave for us and our heirs, as far as in us lies, to the said bishop, or his executors or assigns, that when the said chantry shall be so made, founded, erected, created, and established, he, or some, or any of them, may give, bequeath, grant, or assign to the said chaplain of the said chantry, lands, tenements, rents, annuities, and other possessions not held of us in capite to the value of twenty pounds per annum, besides reprisals, to have and to hold to himself and his successors, chaplains of that chantry for ever, for his support and for the other works of piety, according to the ordinances, statutes, and constitutions by the bishop, his executors or assigns, or any of them, to be made, ordained, set forth, and established on that behalf; and to the chaplain of the said chantry we have likewise given special licence that he and his successors may receive the said lands, tenements, rents, annuities, and possessions to the annual value aforesaid, from the said bishop, his executors or assigns, and hold them to himself and his successors for their support and other works of piety, as it was aforementioned to be maintained for ever, without impeachment, hindrance, disturbance, or annoyance by us, our heirs, or our justices, escheators, sheriffs, coroners, or other the bailiffs or servants of us or our heirs whatsoever, and without any inquisition by virtue of any writ of ours, or any other letters patent, to them to be granted, or made on that behalf, the statute for not putting lands and tenements into mortmain, or any other statute, act, ordinance, or provision contrary thereto, made, published, or ordained notwithstanding. And without any fine or fee for the present letters patent, or other letters to be made thereon, to be taken or paid to our behoof, or that of our heirs. In testimony whereof, &c. Witnessed by the king, at Westminster, 28 July. “Hunter, in his ‘South Yorkshire,’ says “This chantry never appears to have been actually founded, or perhaps it may be regarded as merged in the greater design, which two years after, he [the archbishop] conceived,’ namely the erection of a college at Rotherham. But if the archbishop did not erect the said chantry, such a chantry was afterwards founded by Master Henry Carnebull,” to I 32 330th crijam. pray daily for the soul of King Henry VII., Queen Elizabeth, his wife, and Margaret, his mother, Countess of Richmond and Derby, and all their issue, and for the souls of Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, and Henry Carnebull, and all Christian souls, and to do service in the said church for evermore. Carnebull, “as executor, or patron, held the right of presentation to the archbishop, or to the custos of his spiritualities.” And in the chapel of the said chantry, the said Master Henry Carnebull desired to be interred, for he, lying sick in the college at Rotherham, made his will the 12th July, 1512, wherein he gave his soul to Almighty God, and his body to be buried in the church of Rotherham, in the chapel called Jesus Chapel, before the altar there, beneath the marble stone there placed, bearing this epitaph: ‘Orate pro animabus reverendi in Christi patris et domini Thome Rotherham quondam Ebor. Archiepiscopi; et Henrici Carnebull sui archdiaconi Ebor. in ecclesia Ebor.; parentum suorum et benefac- torum et familiarum eorundum necnon pro animabus omnium defunctorum. Qui quidem Henricus obit - - . He died on the 10th August, 1512.” The archbishop's will, which was finished on his birth-day, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, is in the appropriate words of Hunter, “a document possessing great interest, discovering as it does so much of his private sentiments and feelings. It expresses very forcibly what is perhaps felt by many who having once borne a busy part in the affairs of the world, and felt their power amidst its contentions and rivalries, find themselves in their old age cast aside, and learn that the most solid comforts of life are to be gained from the solemn truths of religion, or the gentle exercises of charity.” " The following brief epitomized record of the archbishop's life is not without interest, and is worthy of reproduction. - - Of Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York." Thomas Rotheram, otherwise called Scott, was translated from the cathedral church of Lincoln to the church of York, on 3rd September, 1480, by Pope Sextus IV., on which day the bull, with the pallium, were presented to him in his lodging at Westminster. He was a prudent man, much given to piety; was born in the town of Rotheram, and was a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, a Bachelor of Theology, very learned. Then he was made chaplain to King Edward IV. ; also he was keeper of the Privy Seal, and afterwards was made Bishop of Rochester. Thence he was translated to the church of Lincoln, where he ruled for nine years. He was Chancellor of England and France till the death of the said King Edward, who died on 9th April, at Windsor, in 1481, and in the twenty-second full year of his reign. The venerable father was installed in the church * Register G, f, fol. 7°. * Register D, c, fol. 123. Browne, page 265 note. The archbishop left £200 by his will, “to Hugh Trotter, the treasurer of the Cathedral Church of York, and to Henry Carnebull, the Archdeacon of York (Register A, y, fol. 23°) to be applied as they should deem necessary and beneficial. [But see the Will, after page 136.] Accordingly, it appears that the said Hugh Trotter and Henry Carnebull, either together, or Henry Carnebull alone, did create, erect, and endow one other perpetual chantry in addition to the one in the Church of Rotherham, at the altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary, already established at the east end of the Cathedral Church of York, adjoining to archbishop Rotherham's tomb, under the Holy Name of Jesus, whereby the Divine mysteries might be daily more numerously cele- brated for the benefit of the archbishop's Soul, &c., ultimately giving the patronage and right of presentation thereto to the provost and fellows of Jesus College, of Rotherham.” (Register G, f, fol. 216.) Browne's “History of York,” p. 266. Archdeacon Reynolds, of Cleveland, bequeathed his best missal to the same chantry. * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. 2, p. 6. * Translated from Stubbs’s “Lives of the Archbishops of York,” Harl, MS., 357, fo. 160 ; and Lambeth MS., 585, fo. 585. ğrchbishop 33 otherham. - t I 33 of York, with much honour, on the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary, A.D. 1481, and a little afterwards in the church of York and Beverley, in both which places he made a great and famous feast. He erected the College of Jesus Christ of Rotheram from the foundation, and endowed it with temporal possessions and precious ornaments, and appropriated the churches of Laxton and Almonbery to the same. He gave to the cathedral church of York a precious mitre : and he caused to be made many new buildings in his manor-houses, namely, a kitchen at his house at Westminster; at Southwell, a bakery and a brewery, and new rooms situated near the water; at Bishopsthorpe, a brewery and a bakery, with new rooms on the north side of the hall, towards the wood there. He lived in the archbishoprick of York nineteen years and nine months; to his kinsmen he was very kind, and endowed many of them with temporal possessions, some with marriages, others with benefices. In the seventy-sixth year of his age, or more, on the morrow of the Ascension of the Lord, 29th May, about the fourth hour of the morning, he found life out of that night or sickness (this light being lost); and he died at Cawood, in the year of our Lord 1500, and the fifteenth of the reign of Henry VII., and the eighth of the pontificate of the Lord Pope, Alexander VI. His body was honourably borne to York, and was buried in a marble tomb, which he had caused to be made in his life-time, at the altar of the blessed Virgin Mary, in the cathedral church of York. And within four months after his death, John Morton, Doctor of both Laws, Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor of England, and Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church; and John Alcock, Doctor of Decrees, Bishop of Ely; and Thomas Jane, Doctor of Decrees, Bishop of Norwich, died; and in the same year, Thomas Langton, Doctor of Laws, Bishop of Winchester, also died. Bishop Godwin, in his “Catalogue of Bishops,” gives a very similar account to the preceding, as also does the notices of him in Collier’s “Ecclesiastical History,” and in Dugdale’s “Monasticon Anglicanum,” “ are given the above Licence to Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, to erect a perpetual chantry in Rotherham Church, and the Licence to found his college at Rotherham. Archbishop Rotherham is introduced with great historical accuracy in Shakespeare’s “Richard III.,” Act II., scene 4:— (The Archbishop of York, the young Duke of York, Queen Elizabeth, and the Duchess of York.) Queen Elizabeth. Come, come, my boy, we will to sanctuary.— Madam, farewell. APuchess. I’ll go along with you. A/izabeth. You have no cause. - Archbishop. (To the Queen.) My gracious lady, go, And thither bear your treasure, and your goods. For my part, I’ll resign unto your grace The seal I keep; and so betide to me, As well I tender you, and all of yours! Come, I'll conduct you to the Sanctuary. A blunder of this sort (the giving up the Great Seal to the Queen)—animadverted upon by all writers of the period, and very severely so by Walpole in his “Historic Doubts,” as was usual with him when speaking of the clergy—in so wise and sagacious a man as Archbishop Rotherham, can only be accounted for by inferring that his affection for his late royal patron and master, Edward IV., and the Queen * Quarto, 1615, pp. 615, 616, 617. * Edit. 1852, Vol. 3, p. 43. * Caley, Ellis, and Bandine/’s Edition, 1830, Vol. 6, p. 1441. I 34 330th crijam. and princes he had left behind him in such perilous circumstances, and in the power of such traitorous hands, overleapt all consideration of legal right and official form, as well as of personal safety. His immediate reclamation of this supreme badge of authority did not save him from the resentment of the usurper, and consequent close imprisonment for some time in the Tower. This, however, appears neither to have been of long continuance, or to have inflicted much suffering, and is in some sort compensated for by having been the means of drawing forth from the University of Cambridge this most dolorous (if not abject) supplication to the usurper on behalf of his deliverance:–“For we must nedes mowrne and sorowe, desolate of comfurth, unto we heer and under- stande your benygne spyrite of pite to hymwarde, which is a grete prelate in the realme of Ynglande.” •. History furnishes very rare instances of a character standing out so prominently in public life for so long a time, and through such a period of stupendous events, sans peur, fans reproche. Very few instances are there on record in which the grammar learning of a small market town has ripened with such rapid progress into such distinguished fullness of scholarship as to secure, as by incontestible right, unprecedentedly early university honours, and highest ecclesiastical preferments. Still fewer in which the highest dignities of the Church were exercised in conjunction with the highest offices of the state. And this, to a considerable extent, when England was convulsed from shore to shore by fierce contending factions, and its peace and prosperity continually perilled by the royal rival claims of York and Lancaster: contending so fiercely, that at the bloodiest of all battle-fields, Towton, out of Ioo,ooo combatants 36,776 were slain. But it was not all dire discord and warlike distraction. Amidst the diabolic darkness of the period gleamed forth the first glimmerings of a light which has since filled with its effulgence the habitable world. Edward IV. having in one of his reverses fled for refuge to the Burgundian court, there met with Caxton, his sister's secretary, and when it could be said “Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by the sun of York,” the printing press appropriately took up its glorious mission in the cloisters of Westminster. This slight digression is for the understanding of the unprece- dentedly eventful times in which the subject of this memoir played a most important part. At this time the most violent opinions and the worst passions were still agitating and absorbing the public mind. There is no period of the nation's history which more requires the judicious exercise of firmness and forbearance, than when these fierce conflicting elements have to be composed, and unity and order brought out of chaotic confusion. Yet the annals of the period are silent as regards this high authority in Church and State, as to any imputation of blame or wrong in the exercise of the Supreme powers wherewith he was invested, and thus conclusive testimony is borne to his uprightness and also to his ability. In his family relations his affectionate care for the well-being and proper advancement of those who claimed kinship with him, seemed to partake of the same active and constant character. During the most onerous and important periods of his official life, his attention was given to one or another of them in procuring some appointments, others marriages; of the last, oddly enough to us, 3rtiſt iglºop 33 ſtijerijam. I 35 he says, “because my sister's daughter is betrothed to Richard Westwold, whose marriage I have bought of his father for two hundred pounds fully paid and delivered, for the wedding of three daughters of his same father and of the sister of the said Richard, to whom I have given much in money and some utensils of his house, but my mother many more ;” others he largely endowed with lands, lordships, manors, and smaller possessions, according to their degree, as carefully recited in his will, because as he says, according to the saying of St. Paul, “He that provides not for his own, and especially those of his own house, is an infidel.” In these things, as in all others, we find the same clear, broad, bountiful views, and lofty Christian principles exemplified, and withal with corresponding Christian meekness and humility, which throughout marked the public discharge of his political and prelatical duties, and the grand affluence of his ecclesiastical and educational benefactions. The following will, executed by him when Bishop of Lincoln, is here given, as shewing how, in the course of twenty-three years, although his love for his kindred remained the same, his love to his native town and to the family of man overflowed family bounds, and that the more abounding means arising from his high appointments and princely station, developed in him a broader sympathy and more exalted beneficence, when he came to make a final disposition of his property at the end of his life. In the name of God, Amen. I, Thomas, Bysshop of Lincoln, beyng in parfite memorie, ordeyn and make this my last Wille, the xij" day of May, in the yere of oure lorde m'cccclxxv, and in the yeare of the reigne of oure souerain lord Kyng Edward the fourth, after the conquest of Englonde the xv", of the maners, londes, and tenementes hereaftyr ensuyng that is to sey, First, wher as Thomas, Cardinall and Archebysshoppe of Caunterbury, with other been seased in their demesne as of fee in the maners of Gretehamstede, Somerys, in the parisshes of Luton, Mortymere, Houghton Conquest, Ouerstondon, Barton, Yon, Kempston, Feuelsgroue, other wyse callid Feuelles, Aspleigh, and of the moyte of the maner of Luton and of the reuercion of the other moite of the same maner of Luton, and of the Reuercion of the hundred of Flitt with thappurtenaunce in the Countie of Bedford, and of all other londes and tenementes with their appurtenaunces in Yon, Grauenhurst, Netherstonden, Stopysley, Luton, in the Countie of Bedford, aforesaid, Kympton, and Walden, in the Countie of Hertford, with all their appurtenances to the use of me, the Seid Thomas, Bysshoppe of Lincoln, and myn heires and assignes, and to performe there with my last wille, I ordeyne and will by this my last wille and also require my seid feoffes and eche of theym, that ymmediately after my decease of the premisses make a state of and in all the forseid maners, londes, and tenementes, and other premisses with their appurtenaunces to John Rotheram, Squier, my brother, To haue and to hold to hym for terme of his lyff, withoute ympechement of wast, the remaynder therof after the decease of the Seid John, to Thomas Rotheram, son of the seid John, and to the heires males of his body begoten. And for lakke of issue male of the body of the seid Thomas Rotheram begoten, the remaynder therof to George, son of the Seid John, and to the heires males of his body begoten. And yf the seid George decesse withoute issue male of his body begoten, then I will that the seid maners, londes, and tenementes, and other premisses with thappurtenaunces remayn and be to the right heires of me, the seid Thomas, Bysshoppe of Lincoln, for ever more. In witness whereof to thise presentes I haue put my seale and signe manuell the day and yere aboueseid." • Patent Rolls, 15 Ed. IV., m, 26, back, I 36 330th crijam. Feeling pardonably proud of Rotherham being the birth-place of this exceptionably able and estimable prelate, it seems a vain thing to advance words by way of eulogy. The following copy of his will as manifestly testifies to the Christian meekness of the man as to his munificence as a prelate—to his self-abnegation before God, as to his aim and desire to promote His glory. - Canon Raine, in a note on his last will, made in 1498, speaks of it as “probably the most noble and striking will of a mediaeval English bishop in existence.” Kilije albiſi of Kºńomag be ſidtjerſjam, 3rtſ bighop of #orſt. In the name of God, Amen. I, Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, of sound mind, praise be to God, on the sixth day of the month of August, on the Feast of the Translation of Jesus, and at the feast of the same name, which feasts in my province, by my decree and by the assent of my clergy are appointed to be celebrated for ever, in the year of the Lord one thousand four hundred and ninety eight, do make my Will as is written below by chapters. - - Imprimis, I commend my soul to the Creator and Redeemer of the same, calling upon and beseeching the most glorious Virgin, his mother; Michael, Gabriel, and all the angels; Peter, Paul, John, and all the Apostles; Stephen, Clement, Vincent, and all the martyrs; Augustine, Hieronimus, Gregory, Ambrose, Nicholaus, William, John, Wilfred, and all the confessors; Magdalene, Katherine, Margaret, and all the virgins; and all the most glorious citizens of the heavenly court, that they will implore the infinite mercy of God, and pray for my sins, for which I am grieved and sorrowful—O, if sufficiently penitent, may the Lord Jesus have pity on me, and deign to turn away his face from those my many sins. - Secondly, because with blessed Job," I most truly believe and do know that my Redeemer liveth, and that I shall see him in my flesh after death, so because I most firmly believe that my soul shall again be clothed with my flesh for ever; also believing that I, not for my merits, but by virtue of the passion of Jesus Christ, and by the prayers of his saints, shall have the better part of the future resurrection, I Will that my flesh, my putrid body, be buried in the northern side of the Chapel of Saint Mary, in my Church at York, where I have made a marble tomb." - Thirdly, because I was born in the town of Rotherham, and baptized in the Parish Church of the same town, and so at that same place was born into the world, and also born again by the holy bath flowing from the side of Jesus, whose name, O, if I loved as I ought and would ! Lest I should seem, notwithstanding, an ungrateful forgetter of these things, I Will that a perpetual College of the name of Jesus be raised in the foresaid town, in the same place in which the foundation was laid at the feast of St. Gregory, in the twenty-second year of King Edward the Fourth; in which [place] also I had been born. In which place also [was] a teacher of grammar, who came to Rotherham by I know not what fate, but I believe that it was by the grace of God he came thither, who taught me and * “Testamenta Eboracensia,” Vol. 4, p. 138. The translation here given follows the text given by Canon A’aine, which is taken from the Register of the Dean and Chapter at York. Hearne also printed the Will from a copy in Sidney College, Cambridge, in his “Liber Niger,” Vol. II., p. 667, 1771; his copy contains one or two items not found in the York Register. * Job, xix., 25. * This tomb still remains at the east end of the Minster, but without its brazen ornaments. It was much injured by the fire of 1829.-Raine. @rch high up 3&otſ, crijam. - I 37 other youths, whereof others with me reached higher stations. Therefore, desiring to return thanks to the Saviour, and to magnify that cause, lest I should seem unthankful, and forgetful of the benefits of God, and of whence I came : I have determined with myself, firstly, to establish there, for ever, an Instructor in Grammar, teaching all persons gratuitously. And because I have seen the chantry priests there boarding separately in laymen's places, to their scandal and the ruin of others, I have Willed, secondly, to make a common place for them. Thus moved, I have begun to rear a College in the name of Jesus, where the first should teach Grammar, and the others in like manner should live and lodge. Firstly, I have given, and so Will that there be given to the other Chauntry priests in priests yearly for living and clothing, ten pounds, chambers, a Barber, the Parish Church Laundr a Cook g d in fuel, with other thi th of Rotherham, a Laundress, a Cook gratis, and certain fuel, with other things, as the dwelling and board- || Statutes shall more plainly teach. And because I have seen, thirdly, §º i. that many parishioners belong to that Church, and many rude and members of the mountain men of the neighbourhood gather together to it; that they College, as the may love the religion of Christ better, more often visit, honour, and Statutes more fully teach. love his Church, I have established one other perpetual Fellow, teaching singing gratuitously, and having and receiving for his living and clothing, every year, six pounds thirteen shillings and fourpence, and I have established six Choristers or boys, that divine service may be more honourably celebrated there for ever. And I Will that every one of them have yearly for living and clothing fourty shillings. Fourthly, because many youths are found there of very quick intelligence, and all do not wish to reach the dignity of priesthood: in order that some may be better fitted for mechanical arts and other [occupations] I have Willed and do Will, that there be a third Fellow, who shall teach gratuitously the art of writing and reckoning, and shall be called the Chaplain of St. Katherine, according to the naming of Mr. John Fox, who has given for this certain possessions, but very insufficient; nevertheless, the College will fill up the lack, and perpetuate him, according to the Statutes thereof made and to be made. But because the art of writing, music itself in like manner, and grammar are subordinate to, and do serve the divine law and the gospel, I have established, ordain, and Will, over those three, one divine, who shall be at least a Bachelor in Divinity, and shall be bound to preach the word of God through all my province, according to the Statutes thereof made, who shall be called the Provost, being placed over the other three in the ruling and government of the house, and shall have yearly, for living and clothing, 13 pounds 6 shillings and 8 pence. So that I have incorporated, and do incorporate, in my College, one Provost, three Fellows, and six boys, that where I have offended God in his ten commandments, these ten should pray for me. The priests of the choir I do not oblige to any spiritual [duty], but because I intend that they shall avoid the evils which follow idleness, Therefore I Will that they be always holily and devoutly occupied in the Grammar, Music, or Writing school, or receiving instruction of the Provost, or in the study of the Library, desiring in this to serve God; from him only I look for a reward, who punishes within and rewards beyond [our] deserts, who is blessed for ever. Amen. And to support these burdens I have appropriated to the said College, the Provost and Fellows of the same, the Parish Church of Laxton, which is worth yearly 20 pounds clear. Also I have appropriated to the said College, the Provost and Fellows of the same, the Parish Church of Almondbury,” which is worth 21 pounds. I have given also * The deeds appropriating these churches to the college are in the archbishop's register.—A’aine. I 8 I 38 $ntijerijam. to the said College, the Provost and Fellows of the same, my Manor of Barkewey, of the value of 13 pounds 6 shillings and 8 pence a year. Also my Manor of Sherpenes, which is worth 53 shillings and 4 pence a year clear. Also my Manor of Sibthorp, and my Manor of Hawkesworth, of the yearly value of 15 pounds 2 shillings clear. Also my Manor of Weston, of the yearly value of 4 pounds 6 shillings and 8 pence. My tenement in Rotherham, purchased of Thomas Bowne, of the value of 20 shillings and Io pence a year clear. My messuage beside the College, on the western side, of the yearly value of 8 shillings. My messuage in Byrnnesforthe, 23s. 5d. My cottage in Thorp, purchased of Thomas Wodall, of the yearly value of 8s. 4d. My tenement called Scoles, of the yearly value of 20s. My lands with the rents in Halthanum, of the value of IIs. My lands with the rents in Wighthill, Ios. My lands with the rents in Gresebroke, 28s. 2d. My lands with the rents in Newthorp beside Aston, of the yearly value of 1 1s. A messuage, with a cottage and with certain lands and rents in Mekesburgh, of the yearly value of 27s. 4d. My lands with rents and farms in Dynnyngton, Thropen, and Gildenwelles, of the yearly value of 31s. 8d. Also my lands with rents and farms in Staunford beside Haitfeld, of the yearly value of 53s. 4d. Also my lands with the rents in Staveley, purchased of Sir Thomas Holynworth, of the yearly value of 13s. 4d. Also my lands and tenements in the town of Wentworth, of the yearly value of 34 shillings clear. Also my close lying in the Carrehous Meadows, purchased of the Executors of John Bokyng, of the annual value of 13s. 4d. * - * After this endowment, beyond which I was then unable to do because I lacked money, that divine service may be more honourably celebrated in my College, I have given them one large chalice" with the paten gilt, and there is written on the paten, Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini,” and on the foot of the same, jhesus Christus, weighing 31 ounces 3 quarters and 3. Also another chalice with paten gilt, and around the cup of the same is written, Calicem Salutaris accipiam, et momen Domini invocabo,” with an image of the Trinity upon the paten, weighing in all 23 ounces 3 quarters and #. Also another small chalice having an image of Christ crucified upon the foot, weighing I 1 ounces. Also I have given them one pax [deosculatorium], viz.:-A Paxbred gilt, with an image of the Trinity, weighing 9 ounces and 3 quarter; [also" one gilt Paxbred with the image of Christ suffering, worshipped by St. Gregory, weighing 5 ounces and #.] Also one gilt Paxbred with a beryl in the middle, weighing 9 ounces a quarter and 3. Also one Paxbred with a bone of Saint Firminus, weighing Io ounces and I quarter. Also I have given them one gilt Cross standing upon a great stone of beryl, weighing 53 ounces. Also I have given to my foresaid College one pair of gilt Crewetts, and there is written upon them jhesus Christus, and they weigh in all 7 ounces and #. Also one pair of gilt Crewetts weighing 7 ounces and #. Also one silver Pixis weighing 8 ounces and 3 quarters. Also I have given to my said College two basons of silver and partly gilt, having in the bottom foxes' heads, weighing 2 pounds and a quarter. Also I have given to the said College six cups with one lid for the same, with a sun worked in the bottom of each cup, weighing between them 30 ounces. Also I have given to my said College 12 silver spoons, slipped in lez stalkes, weighing among them 14 ounces. Also I have given to my said College one suit of vestments of cloth of gold for the sub-Deacon, Deacon, and Priest, with one cope; the whole suit is of cloothe of goold. Also I have given another suit of vestments for the priest, deacon, and * In the margin, Calices.—A’aine. ° S. Matt. xxi., 9. * Psal. cxvi., I 3. * This item does not occur in the York Register, it is here given from Hearne. ğr cłyńigijap 33 oth crijam. I 39 sub-deacon, of red Velvet worked with these words, Vivat Rex, of gold, with one cope whose orfray is green. Also another suit of vestments for the priest, deacon, and sub- deacon, of red purple velvet, worked with flowers of gold, with one cope of the same suit. Also I have given to my said College one vestment of red velvet worked with flowers of gold, having upon the orfray on the back an angel bearing in his hand this writing, Sanctus. Also one vestment of blood-coloured silk worked with flowers. Also another vestment of red silk worked with lions. Also one vestment worked with gold upon velvet browdred with pearls [perill], having on the back an image of St. Katherine. Also one vestment of red bawdkyn, worked with trees and lions. Also one precious cope of cloth of goold grounded grene, with orfrays well and sumptuously worked. Also one corporas of white and red colour, worked with gold. Also two other corporases of red velvet. Also six Alter clothes of red silk, six curtyns of red silk, two Alter clothes of linen cloth consecrated. Also three consecrated superalters. Also one Mitre of Clothe of goold, having two silver knoppes enameld, given to be used by the Barnes-bishop. Also one carpet for the Chapel, containing in width one yard and 3 quarters. Also I have given to my said College one beautiful Missal written according to the use of the Church of York, sumptuously illuminated, beginning on the 2nd leaf Omnis judæa. Also another beautiful Missal of great value, written and illuminated as above, beginning on the second leaf, Post diac' eat, according to the use of Sarum. Also one large new and beautiful Antiphonary according to the use of York, on the second leaf facta pectoris. Also another large new and beautiful Antiphonary according to the use of York, on the second leaf, sul ad custodiam. Also I have given to my said College one new and beautiful Graduale according to the use of York, on the second leaf, In te confido. [Also another new and beautiful Gradual according to the use of York, on the second leaf, Non erubescam.]." Also one Breviary, according to the use of York, on the second leaf, Deus qui. Also I give and bequeath to the Church of Luton, where my mother and brother are buried, where also, as far as in me lies, I have established the succession of my blood, one suit of grey bawdkyn worked with pheasants for the priest, deacon, and subdeacon, one gilt chalice, with 2 Cruetts. But because, according to the saying of St. Paul “He that provides not for his own, and especially for those of his own house, is an infidel,” I Will that Thomas Rotherham, Knight, elder Son of my brother, have my manor of Someresse with all its appurtenances, for him and the male heirs of his family lawfully begotten. Also I Will that in the same manner he have the manor and lordship of Luton with the Hundred, my manor of Hoghton, the manor of Fenell, the manor of Downton, the manors of Apsley and Yoone, Over-fondon, Barton, Stopesley, and the lands called Creykeys, with all my other manors, lands, and possessions within the County of Bedford, Hertford, and Buckingham, under the same law, to wit, for him and the male heirs of his body lawfully begotten. And in default of such heir or heirs, which the Lord avert, I Will that all the foresaid remain to George his brother under the foresaid condition, to have to him and the male heirs of his body lawfully begotten. And in default of such heir or heirs, I Will that all the foresaid remain and return to my right heirs for ever. Also I Will that the foresaid Thomas Rotherham, Knight, have two silver pots with columbine flowers on the lid, and they weigh 17 ounces and II ounces Troy, and are of Paris towch. Also I Will, that George Rotherham,” brother of the said Thomas Rotherham, Knight, for * This item does not occur in the York Register, * On June 24th, 1497, the Archbishop made George but in Hearne. Rotherham, his nephew, his Apparitor General. Reg. * Timothy I. - Rotherham, 261°.—A’aine. I4O 330th crijam. buying the marriage of one of the daughters of - - Lovell, besides lands of the yearly value of 26 pounds 13 shillings and 4 pence, have six cups with lids, embossed with small Bulyons, and they are partly gilt, Paris towch, and one is taller than the others, and they weigh in all 23 ounces 4 ounces Troy. Also I Will that he have two gilt pots wyndyng, chaced, and they weigh 6 score and 2 ounces Troy. I Will also that he have 40 pounds, if I shall be so rich at death. Also I Will that Thomas Sente George, who took my niece to wife, whose marriage I bought of King Edward, and afterwards of King Richard for two hundred pounds, have six cups or bollez, basse, standing, in the bottom of the cups are three flowers, they are Paris towch, they weigh 71 ounces Troy; the other three are London towch and weigh with the lids one hundred ounces Troy. I Will also that he have two silver pots wyndyng, chaced, of which one is Bruggs towch, the other London, and they weigh II marks and 2 ounces Troy. And because my sister's daughter is betrothed to Richard Westwold, whose marriage I have bought of his father for two hundred pounds fully paid and delivered, for the wedding of three daughters of his same father and of the sister of the said Richard, to whom I have given much in money and some utensils of his house, but my mother many more, I Will that he have one vestment, one chalice, one Paxbred, two phials, one Missal. Also I give and bequeath to the same Richard two silver pots of one suit partly gilt, Paris towch, and over the top of each lid is the flower of a Colabyn, and they weigh both 17 ounces and 6 ounces Troy. I Will also that Ann, elder daughter of the said Richard, have my manor of Laxton for herself and Humphrey Roos, if he will take her to wife,” and for their heirs. Which if he will not do, I Will that my foresaid niece have the foresaid manor for the term of her life, and after the decease of the said Ann, I Will that it return to Humphrey Roos and his heirs. Also I Will that John Scott my cousin, who has an inheritance, although small, in the parish of Ecclesfield, successively descending in the same name and blood from a time beyond the memory of men, that it may be increased, I being bettered by the grace [of God], shall have for himself and the male heirs of his body lawfully begotten, my manor of Bernes,” situate in the foresaid parish, which I bought of Robert Shatton for 140 pounds, and also my manor of Howsleys' with the appurtenances, which I bought of Thomas Worteley, Knight, for 120 pounds. And in default of such heirs, I Will that his brother Richard have the foresaid manors under the same law and condition. And in default of such heirs, I Will that the foresaid manors return to my right heirs. Also I Will that under the same law and condition the foresaid John and Richard have my tenement called Sugworth, in the parish of Bradfeld with all the appurtenances. I also give and bequeath to my church at York, besides a more worthy Mitre" given and delivered to them, which I bought for 500 marks, a gilt image of Saint Margaret standing over the dragon, having in one hand a cross, in the other a book, and on her head a crown, * This marriage took place, See Zhoroton’s “Anti- quities of Nottinghamshire,” p. 374, 376. * The Archbishop bought the Manor of Barnes Hall of Robert Shatton whilst he was Bishop of Lincoln. Feb. 7, 1476-7. • On June 8, 1485, Joan, late wife of John Houselay, of Chapell Hall, Par. Ecclesfield, confirms to the Archbishop of York, lands called “Cropperfeld, Hol- grenes, Welgrenes, le Felde, and Gallancroft,” within Houselay and Chapell, which she and her husband held of the grant of Sir Thomas Wortley, Knt. On June 12, 1488, Nicholas Wortley quit-claims to the Archbishop his interest in the same property. On Jan. 14, 1493-4, William Graybern, Provost, and the Fellows of the College of Jesus, in Rotherham, quit- claim to John Scott and his heirs, their interest in Houselay and le Chapell in accordance with a charter thereof made to the said John by the Archbishop himself. On Nov. 4, 1507, John Scott makes Houselay Hall over to trustees as part of the jointure of Agnes his wife. (Ex Orig.)—A’aine. d From the “Monasticon.” In the Inventory of Jewels and Vessels of York Cathedral I find Item. A most costly and great mitre, with two labels, encircled with gold and precious stones, saphyres and rubies, worth 7oo marks, as valued; the gift of Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York. ğrchbishop 33 otherham. 141 they weigh in all 115 ounces Troy. I Will also that the Vicars choral of the church at York aforesaid have Ioo pounds that with that sum they may buy or purchase lands or appropriate to themselves churches, if I shall not have done so much for them before my death. And for this gift, I Will that they who chant the anthem of Saint John say De profundis for my soul immediately after the same anthem. [I also give and bequeath to the Cathedral Church of Lincoln, which I ruled secondly—O, would as well as I ought to have done !—besides the Mitre and Pastoral Staff given and delivered to it, 20 pounds for the repairing of the same church.]* I also give and bequeath to the church of Rochester, which I ruled at first,--would that the like charge had been undertaken to the salvation of my soul!—beside the moneys given them for building the library there 10 pounds. I also give and bequeath to the New College at Cambridge, above and beyond the large sums of money paid and given for the building and repairing of the church there in the time of Mr. Robert Wodlarke, my best red suit of cloth of gold, with six copes, and all things pertaining to the priest, deacon, and sub-deacon. I Will also that they have in money 100 pounds for the repairing of the New Church there, if I shall not in my life have laid out so much or more, and if also I shall be so able at death, other bequests being fulfilled. I also give and bequeath to the College of Wyngham, where I was provost, a chalice of the value of Ioo shillings. I also give and bequeath to the Parish Church of Rippill," where I first was rector, besides the cope given to the same, a chalice of the value of Ioo shillings. I also give and bequeath to all places in which I have perpetual exeguies, such sums of money as my executors shall esteem fit and healthful to my soul. In which estimation it must be seen of what need they are, and what I have done for them. This my last Will I commend very much to them; and if by chance it shall seem to my executors, or at least to three of them, that such exeguies shall be very burdensome to some places, and that I have done but little for them, they themselves also hoping that better things would be granted them, I Will that they change the foresaid exeguies into a number of masses, to be celebrated by them after my death, whereby it may more quickly be well for the salvation of my soul. And in arranging for my domestics, I Will that Richard Byrley, besides fourscore pounds paid to John Everyngham, Knight, for his marriage, and beside the expenses at his wedding, also in the king's service, and besides divers sums of money paid before and after for him, have my lands and tenements in Cawood, bought for me of Pouldon. I Will also that he have the lands and tenements bought with my money in the parish of Gaitford. Also I Will that everyone of my servants being in my wages at my death have his wages after my death for half a year. I Will also that everyone of them have a horse to the value of 20 shillings or the money for a horse, so that the gentlemen, the valets and the grooms of the chambers, have of my own horses, according to the limitation of my executors. Also I Will that all my servants, willing to remain in my house, have a decent living at my expense for one quarter of a year after my decease; I Will this to the end that they may provide themselves meanwhile with new masters. God grant them good ones, Amen, Amen, Amen. . This chapter I Willed when I was more able, but now I Will that it be moderated according to the discretion of my executors, or annulled, if I die poor. I Will also that Hugh Trotter, treasurer of my church at York, and Henry Carnebull, Archdeacon of York, have of my goods 200 pounds to this end and use, and no otherwise * This item is in Hearne only. Worcester, 1461, 1465. (AWash’s “Worcestershire,” * The Archbishop was Rector of Ripple, co. Vol. II., p. 299) I42 330th crijam. nor in any other manner, that my College of Jesus of Rotherham shall be defended with that money if it be wronged. If that do not happen, I Will then that lands be bought with the foresaid sum to the value of at least 1o pounds a year, or [that] a church of at least the same value, be appropriated with those moneys to my foresaid College of Rotherham, the Vicar of the same parish being well endowed according to the care of souls. This my last Will I commend much to them, and to the surviving one of them. Also I heartily Will and beseech that my executors, according to the hope which I put in them, and according as they will answer Christ, apply the greatest diligence, that a thousand masses may be celebrated immediately, as quickly as they can after my decease, that in so many sacrifices and by so many remembrances of Christ's passion, my soul may be more mildly dealt with, for I know that my many sins demand and require a great and long, nay infinite punishment, because they were perpetrated and committed against the Infinite one : but with the blessed Augustin I firmly believe and say that my sins cannot frighten me whilst the death of my Lord shall come unto my mind, because I desire to hide them in the wounds of his body, and will wash them away in the sacraments of the church flowing from them by the grace of the blessed Lord Jesus, which may he grant, who was willing for me to die so ignominiously, and to suffer so many wounds. And I Will that every priest so celebrating have of my goods at least 4d. This my last Will I very greatly commend to my executors. As Executors of this Testament or last Will I ordain, will, and appoint Geoffrey Blyth, dean of my Cathedral Church at York; Hugh Trotter, treasurer of my same church; Henry Carnebull, archdeacon of York; William Skelton, treasurer of the Cathedral Church at Lincoln; Edmund Carter, keeper of the Chapel of Blessed Mary and the holy angels at York; and Richard Burleton, my servant. And I Will that everyone taking this charge upon him have Ioo shillings, and that they dispose the residue of my goods not bequeathed as shall appear to them best to hasten the salvation of my soul, according to the confidence which I place in them, with the condition and law that at least three of them agree and consent in every disposition of my goods not bequeathed. Moreover I ordain and constitute Supervisor of this my last Will, Mr. John Alcoke, Bishop of Ely, to whom I give, that he may pray for me, a better cup standing high, gilt and covered, not bequeathed. This Testament, subscribed with my own hand, was completed on the feast of St. Bartholomew next following the beginning of my same Testament expressed above. And because I have made several Testaments, I Will that this my last Will, begun as above, and completed on the twenty-fourth day of the said month of August, on the feast of St. Bartholomew in the year of the Lord aforesaid, on which day I was born, and have completed [my] seventy-fifth year, shall remain in force, and that all other Testaments written before this time, wherever they shall be found, shall be annulled. I protest also that I place my hope of the salvation of my soul in the passion of Christ, and in the Sacraments of the Church taking force from the same, and that I hesitate in no article of the faith nor have ever hesitated. And if by chance, which God avert, by the infirmity of disease or from some cause I shall pronounce otherwise in my last moments, I deny it now, henceforth and for evermore renouncing and detesting now and always whatever shall be repugnant to the bride of Christ, his holy church, because I wish to die, I desire to die a true Christian, and I pray and again I pray, that so I may die. Amen, Amen, Amen. @rch high op 330th crijam. I43 probate of the pill." In the name of God, Amen. The probations upon the making of the Will of Lord Thomas Rotherham, of blessed memory, late Archbishop of York, being admitted before us the Chapter of the cathedral church of York, the dean of the same being absent abroad, and the Archbishop's see there being vacant, we pronounce, recommend, and declare the same Will duly made and lawfully proved. Also we freely commit the administration of all the goods which belonged to the said deceased, wherever and in whose hands soever they shall be found, to the Executors in the same Will named, according to the form of the legatine constitutions in that behalf provided. - In witness whereof our seal is appended to these presents. Given at York - - - day of the month of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand five hundred. A collation with the Register being made by me Thomas Water, notary public, registrar and writer of the acts of the venerable men the Dean and Chapter of the Metropolitan church of York, the premises, written upon three pieces of parchment sewn together, agree with the same Register in this part. In witness whereof I have written my name and placed my sign manuel. THOMAS WATER. X June Io, 1500. The Chapter of York appoint Mr. Godfrey Blythe, Mr. Hugh Trotter, Mr. Henry Carnebull, Mr. William Skelton, and Edmund Carter and Richard Burleton, administrators. Pr. (blank) Nov., 1500. (Raine, p. 148). - Well may it be again said, in the words of Canon Raine, “that it is probably the most noble and striking will of a mediaeval English bishop in existence.” Notwithstanding which, in the ravage that was presently to ensue, in the name of reform, this was of no avail. However noble, or however striking, as tending to promote glory to God in the highest, or goodwill to man in his low estate; by the unconcerned and ill-directed decree of mercenary men in the abused form of royal mandate, the glorious object of the will was most deplorably defeated, and the ample provision made was therefore unscrupulously confiscated. The abbeys and monasteries had fallen, and there were abuses connected with them, which called loudly for remedy, even if such remedy involved their dissolution and dispersion. But why should institutions like this, so grandly beneficent in their object, and so utterly blameless in their management, be also so ruthlessly swept away Why that which was to purify, inform, and elevate, should share the fate which had befallen the leprous and unclean, seems one of those political enigmas which only so severe a sentence as that from Camden can solve. “Supprest,” he says, “by the wicked avarice of this age.” The vast landed domains of the abbots had enriched numbers of nobles, but the cry was still “Give, give.” Grammar Schools, colleges, and chantries, had lands and revenues, and however wisely, usefully, and religiously they were devoted to most important and exalting purposes, the “wicked avarice” of the age had the strongest and greediest grasp upon them and could and did sacrifice the highest interests of the community to personal power and aggrandisement. * This probate is taken from Hearne, Vol. II., p. 682. I44 Häntiſtrijam. Archbishop Rotherham seems to have been prescient of some probable peril awaiting his college, and wills “that Hugh Trotter, treasurer of my church at York, and Henry Carnebull, Archdeacon of York, have of my goods 200 pounds, to this end and use, and no otherwise, nor in any other manner, that my College of Jesus of Rotherham shall be defended with that money if it be wronged.” If we consider the comparative value of money at that time, which may be best done by noticing at what rate artificers were then paid, as shewn by the Fabric Rolls, or Accounts of York Minster for 1482, namely, that wages paid to Intaylers (Carvers) were & g ſº & ge . 3’ each week Carpenters . . . . . . . . 6" each day Master Glazier . e e º & e {º . 3° 4° each week Apprentice to ditto . . & e ſº * & 2 * > . The ſ2Oo would represent from £2,000 to £3,000 of present value, and so it will be evident how adequately he intended to provide for any emergency of this kind. But, ah! “how weaker than a bruised reed” was all defence against that iconoclastic ravage which practically levelled all such glorious scholastic estab- lishments with the dust. A recital of the grants of properties which belonged to Rotherham College follows, with the names of the persons to whom they were granted, and it appears that a large proportion of them fell into the hands of Robert Swift, Esq., and his son, William Swift, father of Sir Robert Swift, whose altar-tomb and brass tablet forms a conspicuous object in the north chapel of the chancel of the church. A feeling of mute astonishment and shame seems to come over one, in conning over the various large landed and other properties in so many parts of the kingdom which the founder of the college had from time to time acquired, and through which, he had, as he thought, invested the college with revenues so ample as to secure to the place in which he was born, and to the surrounding district, “because the land produces many youths endowed with the light and shrewdness of nature” a means of learning and advancement in every department of secular life, and in the service of song, “ that the many mountain men who flock to the church may the better love Christ's religion, and the more honour and love His Church.” To secure these inestimable boons, and that the college might become a copious and constant fountain of learning, and of love to Christ to all future generations, he had taken every precaution, and provided amplest means, but in vain. It may be ascertained that its endowments comprised some 400 acres of land and from forty to fifty dwelling-houses, besides other descriptions of revenue; and yet in less than eighty years, this grand and gracious evidence of the archbishop's worth and wisdom, of his Christian love and local gratitude, is swept ruthlessly away. And yet this act, to varnish o'er the shame Of sacrilege, must bear devotion's name. SIR John DENHAM. But for this wicked spoliation, Rotherham, through these three centuries, might have been, and might now be, one of the most celebrated seats of learning in Britain, and might take rank with such places as Winchester. “What hearts once pregnant with celestial fire” have been quenched— “what mute inglorious Miltons” lived in vain—what Wesleys, burning with archbishop 33 otherham. - I 4-5 love of souls silent as the grave —and what darkness, dissoluteness, ignorance, and impiety have, through these dark and dismal ages cursed the place, thus recklessly deprived and despoiled “by the wicked avarice of the age.” Before closing this lamentable period of our local history, and although more connected with national annals, yet inasmuch as we have, more than once, severely if not savagely inveighed against the indiscriminate spoliation of the act, it may not be out of place to refer to the period and (professed) purposes for which the Act of 1st Edward VI. was passed. Edward, on his accession, was but nine years old—yet at that early age, his precocious powers of thought, great learning, and ardent piety were very remarkable, personifying Chaucer's words— “Sweet is the holiness of Youth.” The acts of his brief reign were therefore the acts of his council, and although framed in friendly guise consistent with his highly cultivated mind and pure religious feelings, as proposing to afford encouragement to learning and Succour to religion, were but in fact pretexts whereby further confiscation might again do its destructive work in the vain attempt to satisfy the rapacious greed of the great. By Statute 1st of Edward VI. the lands and property belonging to chantries, colleges, gilds, and fraternities were conferred on the king, that he might employ them in providing for the poor, augmenting the income of vicarages, paying the salaries of preachers, and endowing free schools for the diffusion of learning. Heylin, in his “History of the Reformation,” says, “There being accounted ninety colleges within the compass of that grant (those in the universities not being reckoned), and no fewer than 2,374 free chapels and chantries, we must attend the king's commissioners, dispatched in the beginning of March, into every shire throughout the realm to take a survey of all colleges, free chapels, chantries, and brotherhoods within the compass of the Statute or Act of Parliament. According to the return of these commissioners it would be found no difficult matter to put a just estimate and value on so great a gift, or to know how to parcel out, proportion, and divide the spoil betwixt all such who had before in hope devoured it.” From Von Raumer’s “Political History of England” we have “The revenues (of the colleges, &c.,) it was alleged were to be employed in founding schools, in maintaining the poor, and for other salutary purposes; but in fact, the property of the schools and the poor was taken away, and of all that had been promised, nothing was done. The suppressed establishments fell for the most part into the hands of the courtiers, and all those who had before plundered the clergy, and would willingly have plundered them again, supported these measures under all sorts of religious pretexts” (p. 67). Miss Toulmin Smith says that the destruction of the English Gilds, and the confiscation of their property was so complete, and they were so ruined and swept away, that the names and existence of many of them have been forgotten.” And adds in a note, as the opinion of her father, “A case of pure wholesale robbery and plunder, done by an unscrupulous faction to satisfy their personal greed under cover of law. No more gross case of wanton plunder to be found in the history of all Europe, no page so black in English history.” * “English Gilds.” Old English Text Society, Introduction, p. 42. I9 I46 $otherham. In our own time the remarks of Green, in his “Short History of the English People,” are equally and corroboratively strong: he says, “Ecclesiastical order was almost at an end. Priests flung aside the surplice as superstitious. Patrons of livings presented their huntsmen or gamekeepers to the benefices in, their gift, and pocketed the stipend. All teaching of divinity ceased at the universities: the students indeed had fallen off in numbers, the libraries were in part scattered or burnt, the intellectual impulse of the New Learning had died away. One noble measure indeed, the foundation of eighteen grammar schools, was destined to throw a lustre over the name of Edward, but it had no time to bear fruit in his reign. All that men saw was political and religious chaos in which ecclesiastical order had perished, and in which politics were dying down into the squabbles of a knot of nobles over the spoils of the Church and the Crown. The plunder of the chantries and the gilds failed to glut the appetite of the crew of spoilers. Half the lands of every See were flung to them in vain, the See of Durham had been wholly suppressed to satisfy their greed, and the whole endow- ments of the Church were now threatened with confiscation. But while the courtiers gorged themselves with manors the Treasury grew poorer” (pp. 352–3). It seems surpassing strange that the reign of this graceful and gifted boy- king, whom Wordsworth apostrophizes as - “King, child, and seraph, blended in the mien Of pious Edward, kneeling as he knelt In meek and simple infancy.” should have been darkened and disgraced through the records of all time by the madness of party spirit and the mercenary greed of the mighty men in power. As follows will be found an account of the grants of properties in Rotherham, temp., Henry VIII. and Edward VI., on the dissolution of the college. The Earl of Shrewsbury, to maintain the state and dignity of the earldom, and to compensate him for what he had relinquished in Ireland, had granted to him by patent, dated 29 Henry VIII., elsewhere recited, the Abbey of Rufford, with all the lands near and distant, advowsons, and all rights whatsoever—and consequently, the rights and possessions of the abbot in the town of Rotherham. Grants of properties belonging to the college, as particularised in the following pages, were granted by Patent Roll, 7 Edward VI., to Robert Swyft, Esq., and William Swyft, his son. Their “bill of requests * is dated 12th March, 7 Edward VI. - -- The particulars of the grants and of the patent occasionally differ, but this makes little difference to the fact of the main grant of the property. Archbishop Rotherham. I47 the Collenge of Jesu in riotherham aforsaph." In the sayde towne & paryshe of Rotherham being great and wyde there ys no preist founde to serve the cure besydes the vicar & paryshe preist, which heretofore haue ben accustomed to haue helpe of the chauntrie preistes aforseyd as nede hath requyred; the nomber of houslyng” people ys m'm' [2000]. The Seyd colledge was founded for a preacher to preach xij sermons every yere, three scholemasters of free scoles, viz., grammar, song, & wrytyng, vi pore children, a butler, & a coke. Goods, ornamentes, & plate belonging to the Sayd colledge as appereth by inventorie. Goods Plate gylte Plate parcell gilte Plate white - xxxi.;" x xvijounces di v°xx ounces di. [5.20% oz.] xxiii) ounces one quarter. The yerely value of the freehold land belonging to the seyd colledge as particulerly dothe appere by the rentall, cyxx" xvi j deduccions by yere, vij" xixº vij" " " yerely cºxij" xvi v" ". d qr Whereof resolutes and Coppiehold, nil. , and so remayneth clere to the kinge's maiestie The Stipend of the Preacher in the Seyd Colledge. Robert, Bushop of Hull, provost of the sayd colledge & founded for a preacher the revenue of the sayd colledge xij" vſ. viij", with a gowne clothe price xviij', wood & coles sufficient for his chamber, and the yerely allowaunce for the fynding of iij" horses. Also he hath in other promocions and lyvinges, viz., of the kinge's maiestie one yerely pencion of ccl markes, and a prebend in the Church of York of Ivij" by yere. The Grammer Scole in the seid Colledge. Thomas Snell, scholemaster there, xxxvi yeres of age, bacheler of arte, of honest conversation, qualities, and learnyng, hath and receyueth yerely for his stipend x", for his gowne clothe xij, for fyre to his chamber iij iij", his barber & launder free, which amounteth yerely to x" xv. iiij", and hath none other lyving. The Songe Scole in the seyd Colledge. Robert Cade, scholemaster there, xxxviij" yeres of age, hath and receyveth yerely out of the revenue of the sayd colledge vſ" xii; iiij" for his salarie, xijs for his gowne cloth, ii; iiij" for fyre to his chamber, his barber and launder free, in all vij" vijº vij", and hath none other lyving. * Certificates of Colleges and Chantries, Yorkshire, No. 64 (9). 2nd Edward VI. * According to Sir John Maclean, assuming that “fourteen was about the age at which people usually became communicants, and as all persons were obliged to become partakers of the Sacrament, we shall have no difficulty in arriving, approximately at least, at the number of the population of a parish from the number of houseling people. The proportion of children under fourteen years of age to persons fourteen and upwards is 5003; hence by adding one-half to the number of houseling people you arrive at the sum of the population.”—“Notes and Queries,” August 21, I875, p. 156. This should be “husseling people” according to Cowel’s “Law Dictionary,” where he adds: “The parishioners of Leominster, in a petition to Edward VI., set forth that in their town there were to the number of 2000 husseling people, &c., that is zooo communicants, for Hussel in the Saxon tongue signifies the Holy Sacrament.” I48 - łłotijerijam. The Wryting Schole in the seid Colledge. John Addy, scholemaster there, lx; yeres of age, hath and receyueth yerely out of the sayd revenue, viz., for his salarie cvſ. viiij", for a gowne clothe xvii, for fyre to his chamber The vſ Choristers or Pore Children in the seyd College. The Sayd children have yerely meat, drinck, and clothe out of the revenue of the Seyd colledge, which is worth to euery of theym after the rate of lºvj vilj" by yere, and haue none other lyving. - - The Butler's and the Coke's Stipends there. John Pakyn, butler, of thage of xl" yeres, & Robert Parkyn, coke, xlv." yeres of age, hath every of theym yerely for his wages xxvi. viij", with meate, drincke, and lyvery. Pore People. There hath ben yerely distributed in almes to pore people vſ. according to the ordinaunce and will of the founder. + Twoo Obbittes in the sayd Parishe Churche of Rotherham. Thone was founded by Thomas Reresby, Esquier, thother by the commons of the towne of Rotherham to haue contynuance for euer. - - The yerely value of the freehold land belonging to the Seyd obbittes, as partyculerly doth appere by the rentall, xiiij. Coppiehold, nil. Whereof resolutes and deduccions by yere, nil; and so remayneth clere to the kinge's maiestie by yere xiiij. The College of jhesu of Rotherham, within the Towne of Rotherham.” Robert, Busshoppe of Hull, incumbent. The same was founded by Thomas Rotheram, Sumtyme Archebysshope of Yorke, of tenne persons, that is to say, one preveuste havynge for hys stypend yerely xij" vi. viii", and xviij for a gowne, xiiij" iiij vilj". One scole master of gramer hauynge yerely for hys stypend x", for his gow[n]e xvi", and vj pore chylderen chorysters to be chosen in to the sayd college by the sayd preuoste of the pore sorte which be apte to lernyng with in the sayd parysshe of Rotherham & Egleſfelde. The same chylderen to be broughte up in knowledge of grammer, song, & wrytynge vntyll the age of xviij yeres, duryng whyche tyme the sayd chylderen to have theyre flyndynge in mete, drynke, & clothe of the possessions of the sayd college, amontynge yerely to the charge by estſimacion] xx;" ix’ iſ". And the same scolemasters be bounde to contynuall residence in the sayd college, & to teache all chyldren firely resortyng to the sayd college, and further in the sayd college have all the chauntrye pristes in the parysshe churche there all theyre chambers and logyng to thentente they shulde here & se lernynge in the sayd college & not to be vagrant abrode in the sayd towne. And the preuoste of the sayd college is bounde to preche the woorde of God in y” parysshe churche * Certificates of Colleges, Yorkshire, No. 67 (67 to 73) No date attached, but probably the 2nd Edward VI, as in No. 64. ğr cłyńigijap 33 oth crijam. I49 of Rotherham & in all other places therunto adjoynyng, & to kepe a yerely obyte for the founder, & at y” same to gyue to xiij poore people theyr dyners and euery of theym j' in and further by reason of a second dotacion the sayd college is chargyd to pay yerely to a chauntry pryste in the churche of Rotherham of the foundacion of Henry Carnebull The same college is within the towne of Rotherham, and dystaunt from the parysshe churche cl: fote. The necessitie therof is prechyng the woord of God, the instruccions of chyldren in the knowledges of gramer, song, and wrytynge, in the Sayd countrey, beynge very barayn of knowlege, & also the contynuall brynging vppe of vi poore childeren, & the mayntenaunce of Godes seruice in the Parysshe Churche of Rotherham, with the kepynge together all the prystes in the sayd Churche of Rotherham, & the same is obserued accordyngly, & no landes solde nor put awey sithens the statute, savynge onely that one Hugh Wirhall, of Doncastre, about the xiiij" of Decembre, in the xxxv," yere of the kynge's maiestiez reigne, entrid in to certen landes & tenementes in the towne & feldes of vse, wherof before that tyme the sayd college was in possessions by the space of thirtye yeres. Goodes, ornamentes, and plate pertenyng to y” same as apperyth by inventory, viz., Goodes . © º º º º g e & g liff" vij vilj" Plate . ſº tº º & º © º e * ccxlvij" iij" Firste, the mansion house of the sayd college, wyth a garden & an orcherd with in the clausture of the same, invirounde with a bricke walle, contains by estimacion iſ acres; & one house nere unto ye sayd college wherin the thre fre scoles be kept & taught lxvi. viij"; William Ingraue, j tenemente, lyenge in Rotherham, xxi.; Robert Perkyn, j tenemente, with a garden there, xvi; William Robertson, one tenemente & an acre of lande, xvij"; Anne Boswell, j tenemente & jacres of lande there, xxiſ'; Kateryne Donke, j shoppe there, vº; Edwarde Hurste, j shoppe there, iiij"; John Wyghtman, one shoppe there, iij"; the same for one celler there, if iij"; j chambre now vacant, iſ vij". Nicholas Parkynge, one house & halfe an acre of londe, xviij"; Robert Bate, vi acres of lande there, xj vi"; William Harington, iiij acres of lande & a halfe, iij vi"; Robt. Duke, one house, with a garden there, iij"; Thomas Snell, one house, with a garden there, vº; in all in the sayd towne, x* xj iij". Thomas Boswell, one house, with xv acres & iij roides of londe lyeng in Masbrughe, xvº vij" "; William Keye, one house, with xij acres of lond there, xx' vij" "; Thomas Walker, halfe an acre of lande there, xx"; in all in the sayd towne xxxviij j'; John Grene, two tenements and ij barnes with certen lande in Gresbroke xxxvi. viij"; Thomas Beit, one tenemente with certen lande there, xxxii; John Cowper, one cotage with a crofte there, xviij"; Ric. Beit, one cotage with a crofte and ij roides of lande there, iiij'; John Cusworthe, one cotage with a crofte there, xvi"; Robert William Balyn, one tenemente with xxxix acres londe in Hoton Robert, xxx". Richard Robynson, j tenemente with xxij acres of land in Meuxbrughe, xxvijº viii"; Thomas I 50 330th crijam. Stanley, one tenemente with vij acres of londe there, xij"; William Wynton, j tenemente there, iiij"; in all in y” sayd towne, xliiij" vij". Thomas Takgge, one tenemente with xlvij lande in Wentworthe, l’ x"; John Wygfall, one tenemente with xxiij acres londe there, xxiij vi" "; Wydowe Hoggsden, one house with an acre of lande there, vº; John Grenwoode, j cotage there, iij"; William Grason, one cotage there, iij"; George Otes, one cotage there, iij"; in all in the sayd towne, iij" viii" iij" ". William Ingill, j tenemente with xij acres of lande in Thorpe and Scoles, xx"; Thomas Geste, j tenemente with ix acres of lande there, xvi"; in all in the Seyd towne, xxxvi. Thomas Waynewright, one tenemente with xxiij acres of lande in Brinsforthe and Whythyll, xxvi ij"; John Asheton, one tene- one house with xxvi acres lande in Dalton and Heryngthorpe, xixº ij" ""; Henry Rodes, viij acres of lande and one barne there, x' iiij"; Richard Wiles, j close there, if"; the same Richard for fre rente, viij"; in all in the said townes, xxxij" iſ" " ". John Faell, one tenemente with xxiij acres lande in Hardwyke, xxxii’; William Aslow, one tenemente with certen lande in Gildlingwelles and Dynnynton, xij" vſ"; Robert Norton, one tenemente with certen lande there, xxvijº vij"; in all in the said towne, xl ij". Henry Hancoke, j tenemente with certen lande in Hannesworth Wodhouse, xiiij"; Richard Champion, one tenemente with certen lande in Netherthorpe xj. One tenemente with certen landes in tholdyng of Robert Graswait, with certen other landes in thoccupacion of William Smythe, Thomas Rydlynton, James Howson, Christofer Howson, with dyuers other in Staynesfelde and Fysshlake, lij vi". Thomas Grene (?) two houses in Almonburye, vi" iij"; Wydowe Bateley, one tenemente with certen lande there, xxij"; William Amerson, one cotage there ij"; William Netilton, one tenemente with certen lande there, xj"; Thomas Keye, one tenemente with certen lande there, xviij" iiij"; one cotage now vacant, iſ"; Edmunde Heremytage, j cotage there, jº; Robert Keye, one tenemente with certen lande there, xxiji vi"; John Hanson, one house there, v"; Margaret Beamond, j house there, vº; William Senyours, one house there v"; Thomas Ouerall, one tenement with certen lande there, vij" iij"; the house of incumbent iij"; in all in the sayd towne, cvijº x". William Ramsden, one barne, with the tythe corne of the parsonage of Almondburye and Longley, cº. Arthure Key, for the tythe corne of Ffernley, xl". The residewe of the tythe corne is in thoccupaccion of dyuers persons of the same parysshe, x" xvijº jº; in all in the sayd towne, xvi;" xvijº ij". Thomas Lyntwaite, one tenemente with certen lande in Stalle, in the countie of Derbye, xj. Thomas Watson, one tenement with certen lande in Beighton, xij". John Mitson, one tenemente with a barne and * – - – of lande in Sibthorpe, in the countie of Notyngham, lxxviij" iij"; the sayd John for certen lande there, vij; William Hall, one – a barne with vi oxgangs of lande there, lxj iiij"; William Wilkyn, one tenemente and a barne with vi oxgangs of lande and a halfe there, liiij"; Adam Dyke and Dyke, one tenemente and a barne with iij oxgangs and a halfe of lande there, xxxiiij"; William Dykes certen lande there, v"; the same Dykes for fre rente, j'; * 6th March, 5th Edward VI. The King, in parcell of the possessions of the late College of Jesus, consideration of £2 7s. Od, paid to the Treasurer of the Augmentation Office by Thomas Tagg, grants and, to farm lets a house and 47 acres of land (arable, meadow, and pasture), late in the occupation of T. Tagg, situate in the vill and fields of Raynefelde [? Ravenfield], in the “West reddyng” of co. York, in “Rodergham,” dissolved, but reserving all great trees (gross; arbores); to hold from the Feast of Pentecost next for 21 years. Rent, 4, 2 7s. Od. Covenants to repair, &c. [Great Seal attached.] * Illegible. All the lower part of this skin bad. @rch fligijap 33 otherham, I 5 I for certen lands there, xx"; William Barrett, for fre rente, xviij"; in all in the Sayd towne, xiiij" vijº vſ. Robert Ellerston, for fre ferme in Elston, xvi"; William Horn, for fre [The next seven lines and a half (at the top of the skin on the other side) are very bad, with but a few words legible. Then follows on, Somme of the sayd College, cxxvij" vijº vſ". Paiable yerely to the kynges maiestie for a tenthe, czvj vij". To the lorde nursery garden]. To the sayde lorde for fre rente goyinge out of the landes lyenge within the towne and feld of Rotherham, xiij jº. To the kynges maiestie, for fre rent goynge out of a tenement in Rotherham – - - vi vij" - - for fre rente goyng out of Masbrughe, xij". To the Castell of Conysbrugh, out of the lands in G[re]sbroke, vij". To - - - Bostock, out of the sayd landes, iij". To Thomas Wentworth, out of the landes in Hoton Robert, xxj**. To the kynges maiestie, for fre rente out of the landes in Meuxbrugge, xv". To the parson, out of the same landes, iiij". To the kynges maiestie, for fre rente out of the landes of Ranfalde, iiij" iiij". To James Folgeam and Godfrey, out of the same lands, iſ". To the kynges maiestie, for fre rent out of the landes in Wentworthe, iij. To Mr. Wombwell, of Wombwell, for fre rent out of the same landes, xj iſd. To sir Henry Savell, knyght, out of the same landes, viij". To Mr. Jackson, for fre rente out of the same landes, jºij". To Thomas Wentworth, for fre rent out of the same landes, vij". To the kynges maiestie, for fre rente out of the landes in Thorpe and Scoles, v iij". To hys maiestie, for fre rente out of the landes of Brinsfurth and Whyithill, j vi" ". To Nicholas Denman, for fre rent out of the same landes, iſ vi". To Thomas Wentworthe, for fre rent out of the same, jº. To the kynges maiestie, for fre rent out of the landes in Dalton and Heryngthorpe, iſ iſ" " ". To James Furgean, for fre rente out of the same landes, xij". To Sir George Darcye, knyght, for fre rent out of the landes in Hardwike, xij". To the lorde of Shrewsburye, for fre rente out of the landes in Gildyngwelles and Dynnynton, vij". To one Mr. Clarke, for fre rent out of the same landes, xviij". To Robt. Swyft, for fre rente out of the landes in Beighton, vi". To the kynges maiestie, for fre rente oute of the landes in Hauksworthe, xij". To Sir Gervase Clyfton, for fre rente out of the landes in Weston [Whiston] v. viij". To my lorde Archebisshop of Yorke, for the yerely pensions of the parsonages of Almonburye and Laxton, ix' vij". To the Deane and Chaptrie of the Churche of Yorke, for the yerely pensions of the parsonages aforesayd, v'. To the warden of Sibthorpe, goynge out of the landes of Sibthorpe, iij vi". To Bryan Stableton, out of the same landes, x' ix". To the same for sute of courte, vi". To the kynges maiestie, for sute of courte at Nottingham, j. To Peverell free, j. To Thomas Bayschaw, for hys stypende, Somme of allowaunce . © tº . . º º . xxii ij jº And so remaneth . º e e e º º cvij v v^ College of jesus situated within the town of Rotherham." Account of John Eire, gentleman, collector of rents and farm rents of our lord the king there for the aforesaid time. * Ministers’ Accounts, 1 & 2 Edward VI., Rot. 67, m. 1 (Translation). I 52 * - 3&ntijerijam. Arrears. None, because accounted at first. Site of the College. But there is charged upon the account for £4 of farm rent of the site of the said college, with all the buildings, houses, stables, dovecotes, and other their appurtenances, except the school houses, together with a parcel of land and soil of the Earl of Shrewsbury, containing an acre, called the Ympe Yarde, of 13s. 4d. rental; and within the close of the said college, being a garden and orchard, lately in the tenure and occupation of the provost and fellows of the same college, and now demised by Henry Savell, the above Earl of Shrewsbury, from the feast of St. Martin, in the first year of the present King Edward VI., paying there for yearly £4 as above. The reparations in all are at the costs of the farm rents, as by the value above more fully appears. [The following appears to be part of a rental of property belonging to Rotherham College. It is on paper, much mutilated, and the ink very bad. Not quite all copied here.]" - - - - [Michaelmas rents.] Robert Gilberthorpp . º - © t º º . lxx vilj" Idem Robert Gilberthorpp. º -> e º xij, x" Thome Kentt, in the hands of the king . © & . . xiiij" John Garladye and Thomas Whitacars • • e º XXX* The same John . e e e º º º º xii; iiij" William Creslay 4. o * o e e e 6. lxº James Buckes . * º o o º cº John Snell and Hugh Claten, for - - - - - e e cx" Michaell Wentworth, for - - - - - cald The Coole pitts lxvi. viij" Thomas Parker . e º «» º gº º º iiij" Robert Sampson, for a cotage some tyme buylded upon a wast . iñj" Robert Ellande, for a tenement at Gilbithorpp (?) late belonging to John Duke . º e wº • º & tº ij" Sum of the tenants at wyl ix" xij jº. [Sum of Martinmas rents apparently]. Chief Rents in Kymberworth. Thomas Ca - - - Theyires of Wokersleye for Mary Hall Thomas Wilbor Michaell Wentworth Idem Michaell Robert Swift, senior - The Provest of Rotheram, for land in Marshbrugh, lately in the tenure of William Kaye - - - Idem, for land in Marshbrugh, lately in the tenure of William Boswell Robert Lillye Provest de Rotheram, for land in Thorpp Thomas Rearesbye Thomas Swift de Tynslow, for land in Tynslowe • Exchequer Q R., Augmentation Office, Miscellanea, Parcel #3. No date, but hand of Henry VIII. or Edward VI. @r cłyńigijap 33 ºth crijam. I 53 The heires of Mountney, for land in Thorppe John Frankeshe, for land in Thorpp The heires of - - - , for land in Thorppe John Rodys, for land in Thorppe Edmunde Thorppe, for lande in Thorppe Mychael Kentt, for land in Thorppe Rycharde Brodebent, for land in v [p] Cotes Thomas bosſwell, for land in Marshbrugh William Hill, for land in Marshbrugh George Burnebrugh, for lande in Brodegate Robert Swift, senior, for land in Brodegate, lately of Trogous Idem, for land in Marshbrugh, lately of Thomas Swift de Tynslowe Rycharde Grenewods William Fayrefaxe, knight, for land in Brodegate, late of Gasquyns John Collyer, for licence for a water whele. [The sums are omitted in this copy above; originally there seem to have been four columns of figures, one each for “Martinmas, Midsomerdaye, Mychaelmas,” and Christmas. Most of the fourth column is gone.] Part of the possessions of the late College of jesus, in Rotheram." The farm rents (or firms) of, A messuage and I 5 acres 3 roods of arable land in the common fields of Marshbrough, Thomas Boswell, occupier at will from year to year, payable at the terms of Pentecost and St. Martin equally . d tº e º e g e A messuage, with 12 acres of arrable & meadow land, lying in the common fields there, William Keye, occupier at will from year to year. Rent, payable at the aforesaid terms" . 28 84 Half an acre of meadow in the same common fields, Thomas Walker, occupier at will. Rent * > ge e © e A barn & 8 acres of arrable land in the fields of Rotherham, Henry Rodes, occupier at will. Rent . º . . A close of arrable land in Heryngthorpe & an acre of arrable land there, Richard Wyles, occupier. Rent . © e 2 8 A tenement, with all the buildings thereon, and 22 acres and 3 roods of arrable land; 2 acres of ditto & half a rood of meadow, lying in the common fields of Meuxburghe, with their appurtenances, & pasturage for 5 beasts in the common meadow, Richard Robynson, occupier at will. Rent • 33 2 A tenement, with buildings thereon, & 7 acres of arrable in the common fields there, Thomas Stanley, occupier at will. Rent 12 7 * Particulars for Grants, 7 Edward VI. ; Robert the Letters Patent of 7 Edward VI., part 13, m. 24. Swift, grantee, section 2, first membrane (translation * All mentioned in these “particulars” are occupiers and abstract). Effect was given to this schedule by at will for a year, unless otherwise expressed. 2O I 54. 3&ntijerijam. A tenement, with buildings thereon, & 47 acres of arrable & S. d. meadow land, in the common fields of Raynfeilde, Thomas Tagge, occupier. Rent . º º º º e e 53 4 A cotage, with a garden in Meuxburgh, William Wynter, t occupier. Rent . • © e º © e º 4. A chamber in Rotherham, called the Highe Garrett, now in the occupation of Ralph Danckes, miller. Rent . º e 2 8 - - A 7 I6 Io Besides 12s. yearly to the king from his Castle of Tyckhill, part of the Duchy of Lancaster, arising from two tenements in Marshburgh, Iod. Rents yearly paid to the king by the name of free rents from the aforesaid . e o e e © º e © I5 2% And so remains clear . © o º º . . ſ.7 O I 9} Parf of the possessions of the Chantry of St. Katherine within the Parish Church of Rotherham, and being in the said parish." Memb. 2 A close, called Craweflatt, containing 4 acres of arable land & S. d. 2 acres of meadow in Heringthorp, Robert Swaithe, occupier. Rent . © & o e • • e º e IO A barn and a close of land, called Pyghils, containing a rood and half, occupied by Hugh Rawson. Rent . . . 3 Two acres of arable in Chorley, in the tenure of Robert Smith. Rent . o e º e e º e o © 2O Three roods of meadow in Leiland (?), Richard Swathe, occupier. Rent . . . . . . . . 2 6 Three acres of meadow in Bradmershe, Thomas Colyer and Richard Sawodd, occupiers. Rent . © e º e 8 25 2. Part of the possessions of the Chantry of the Holy Cross within the Parish Church aforesaid. ;4, S. d. Ten acres of arable land in the fields [in Campis] of Rotherham, Thomas Boswell, occupier. Rent . • * e • IO Part of the possessions of the Chantry of Blessed Mary there, lying in the same parish. A close of meadow containing three acres, Robert Swyft, occupier. Rent . . . g º e e º I 3 4. Eleven acres of arable land or pasture, and one acre of meadow in the fields there, in the tenures of William Whytmore, William Cutter, Hugh Rawson, John Hill, and Thomas Colyer. Rent s & s e e º e º I 2 25 4 * 15 November, 7th Edward VI. 3rchbishop 33 otherham. I 55 Part of the possessions of the College of jesus in Rotherham. A tenement in Beighton, in county Derby, and eight acres of arable land and an acre of meadow there, in the tenure of Robert Swyfte, by indenture from the late provost and fellows of the college, dated 16 Dec 36 Henry VIII., for a term of 21 years. Rent . . . . . . . A cottage, with a garden, and half an acre of land, in the town and fields of Rotherham, John Slacke, occupier. Rent A cottage, and an acre of land, in Rotherham. Occupier William Robynson, alias Hallamshyre. Rent . * A cottage there, in the occupation of William Ingram. Rent. A cottage, with two acres of arable land in the fields there, late occupier Anne Boswell, widow, now Robert Yngle Four acres of arable land in the fields there, William Harryng- ton or Thomas Boswell, occupier. Rent . º e A cottage and garden there, occupied by Thomas Snell. Rent A cottage, with a garden there, occupied by Thomas Hyrst. Rent * cº © sº ſº O e g A cottage, with a garden there, occupied by the wife of Peper. Rent 4. º sº e e º e º A barn there, with a small toft, occupied by William Modye. Rent tº e e e tº e º e º A cottage there occupied by Elizabeth Hokesley, widow. Rent Reprisals. A rent annually paid to Robert Swyft, arising from the tenement aforesaid in Beighton, 6d. ; to the king in right of the late dissolved monastery of Worsope it is extinguished; and to the Earl of Shrewsbury, arising from lands of his aforesaid manor of Rotherham, 13s. 4d; in toto [Total crossed through, but a fresh one not put]. :6 S. d. I 2 I 8 I6. 2O 22 5 I6 I 3 IO “Memorandum. There arne no more landes or cotages belongyng to the said layt colledge within the towneship of Rotherham beforesaid, but one cotage beyng parcell of the gayt house of the said colledge, whereunto the Erle of Shreuysbury makith clame as parcell of the syte therof to him grauntyd.” - [The sum totals and other particulars of the values, not being descriptive, are omitted Part of the possessions of the late College of jesus, in Rotherham, being within the Parish there. Memb. 3 Firm of a close pasture called the Oxepasture, containing six acres, lying in the vill of Gresbroke, demised to Robert Eude, by indenture of 21 Feb., 36 Henry VIII. Rent A S. d. I 2 “Woodes or underwoodes there are noone growinge in or upon the premysses, other than certen route trees in the dges, which will only suffice to the fencinge therof.” I 56 330th crijam. Part of the possessions of the Chauntry of Blessed Mary in Rotherham.” Memb. 4. The Firms of - - #, S. d. A close in Rotherham called Ladye Banke, containing an acre - and a half of meadow, now in the tenure of Thomas Kytchyn. Rent . tº º © e e e e 5 Seven acres of arable land in the fields of Dalton, in the tenure of Joseph Coo. Rent . dº gº e º 3 4 An acre of meadow in Bradmershe, and four acres of arable land in the common fields of Brynsfurthe, in tenure of Thomas Wynter. Rent g º * * > tº * 4 2 A cotage in Rotherham, in the tenure of Carrolus Borley. Rent 4. A shop there, in the tenure of Hugh Clayton. Rent 2. A chamber there, in the tenure of George Page. Rent. 2 A chamber there in the tenure of John Hill. Rent 2 An acre of arable land in Heryngthorpe, in the tenure of William Docke. Rent . g te ſº. . . tº 8 I 8 2 Part of the possessions of the late Chantry of the Blessed Mary there, called Carre's Chantry. S. d. A cotage with a garden, in Rotherham, in the tenure of Illyn- worthe's wife. Rent tº e wº * * e e 8 Five acres of arable land there, in the tenure of Richard Wyles. Rent e © * g & g & g 5 I 3 Reprisals. Rent annually paid to the Earl of Shrewsbury for the said cottage and lands, in the tenure of Richard Yllyng- worthe and John Wyles, per annum . ſº e e te I6 And remains clear per annum . tº e tº * tº I I 8 Part of the possessions of the Chantry of St. Katherine there. S. d. A cotage in Rotherham, with a garden occupied by Robert Elles. Rent . g e e tº tº o e * 2O A close meadow in Rawmershe lane containing an acre, occupied by the same Robert Elles. Rent . † º & * 6 8 An acre and a half of arable in the fields of Rotherham, in the tenure of Edmund Gurrye.” Rent . º tº º wº I 8 The third part of an office “in Marcello” of Rotherham, in the tenure of William Harryngton. Rent º © e 2. A toft there, called the Saltstone, in the tenure of William Yngram. Rent . te © * tº gº © gº 8 A rood of meadow, near Rawmarshe lane, in the tenure of George Wodde. Rent . © * ſº e © e 6 3I 4. * 15th day of February, 7 Edward VI. b This is “Surry" in the Patent Roll. %r cijūigijap 33 nt; crijam. I 57 Part of the possessions of the Chantry of Holy Cross, within the parish there. o ź. S. d. A cotage there, in the tenure of Henry Foxe . . . 2O Sum total of the clear value of the premisses" . . . (4 6 2 “Mem". The premisses nor noo parte nor parcell therof ys parcell of any manor, nor nyghe adionyng vnto any of the kynges highnes houses, reseruyd by a keper, honours parkes, forestes, or chases, and thes arne the furste particulers delyuered hereof to my knowledge. Ex. per HENRICUM SAVIL, Supervisor.” 26 S. d. Total Lande per annum . © º e & - e 25 6 ,, Howses . ſº º º º e tº e © 6o 8 Part of the possessions coming into the king’s hands in Yorkshire, by reason of an Act of Parliament concerning Chantries, Colleges, &c. All the possessions of the late Chapel of Saint Laurence in Tyneslowe, within the Parish of Rotherham. Memb. 5 The firms of - :6 S. d. Two parts of all kinds of tithes within the vill of Tyneslowe, with two parts of the tythes of a close called Heyfeld there, and half an acre of arable land, in the common fields, demised to Robert Swyfte, Esq., by indenture under the Seal of the Court of Augmentations, 12 May, 3 Edward VI., for a term of 21 years. Rent tº º & º tº t . 5 I 2 6 Reprisal in Rent annually paid on account of the Chapell in the King's Castle of Tickhill, in the Duchy of Lancaster, per 3.11111 III] . • {...} © º * º º e • 6 8 So remains clear . e * º e c º © . 5 5 IO Part of the possessions of jesus College, in Rotherham. Firm of a tenement and twelve acres of arable and meadow land, in the town and fields of Scoles, within the parish of Rotherham, and an acre of wood there, in the tenure of William Yngell. Rent . º 6 o o º º 2O Clear annual value of the premises e e e gº . 6 5 Io “Memorandum that the premisses dothe not ly with in any the kinges maiesties honors, and ar distante frome eny his graces castelles, mansion houses, parkes, forestes, or chaces foure myeles and more as I am enformed. Item, these particulers were delyuered to William Swyfte, gent, for a purchace. 4 March, 7" Edward VI. “Ex. per WIILLIAM NoTTE, Auditor.” Part of the possessions of the late jesus College in Rotherham, lying in Wentworthe." #, S. d. Memb. 9 Firm of a messuage and 42 acres of land, arable and meadow, and of a small “virgult bosc” [? orchard] containing an acre, demised to George Lokewodd, by indenture of 12 April, 36 Henry VIII., for a term of 21 years. Rent ‘e 5O IO * i.e. On this membrane 4. * 8th February, 7th Edward VI. I 58 330th crijam. [A separate schedule is appended to the first membrane of Particulars, containing most of the properties above, and the following note thereupon.] “There are no woodes, vnderwoodes, nor tres growinge in and vppon the premisses, sufficient for the reparacion thereof, savinge vppon the two tenementes in Wentworth and Scoles, there are growing I Io small runte okes, wherof 8o allowed for the reparacion of the premisses at 30s. ; residewe valued at 6d. the tre in the whole.” Part of the possessions of the late College of jesus, in Rotherham.” - - S. d. Firm of an office or shop in Rotherham, in the tenure of Thomas Boswell. Rent . º G 5 An office there now occupied by Edward Hurste 4. An office there occupied by John Whightman. Rent 4. A cellar there occupied by the same John Whightman" 2 4 I5 4 Part of the possessions late of the College of Rotherham.” .” #, S. d. Firms of a pasture close, called Blackstocke, containing six acres in Graysbroke, and of two acres of land in Harteley fields, demised to Robert Eade by deed under the common seal of the provost and fellows of the college, dated 21 February, 36 Henry VIII. Rent . . . . . . . I 2 Two close pastures and woods lying on the east side of Dones- thorpe, in the parish of Fyshelayke, called Parsons Croftes, containing Io acres, demised among others to Thomas Snell, by indenture of the provost and fellows of the late college, of 23 February, 36 Henry VIII., for 21 years. Rent . 5 IO A cottage, with a garden, in the occupation of Robert Duke. Rent per annum º º e * e º º 3 Reprisal. Yearly rent to the king's lordship of Haytfeilde arising from the said Parsons Croft . & e e . [sum erased] Part of the possessions of the late Chantry of the Holy Cross, in Rotherham. S. d. Firms of two acres of meadow, lying in Graysbrooke, now held by William Whytmore, bailiff of Rotherham. Rent . • 4. Three roods of pasture inclosed, now or late in the occupation of Thomas Boswell. Rent 4- 9 * Particulars for Grants. Leonard Browne and • Particulars for Grants. Wright and Holmes, Anthony Traps, of London, gentlemen, 7 Edward Grantees, section I, memb. 9. The “Bill” of VI., m. 31. request is dated 14th March, 7 Edward VI. The * All granted by Patent Roll, 7 Edward VI., part 9, membrane containing these particulars is dated 13th m. 3O. November, 6 Edward VI. ğrtijëigijap 330th crijam. - I 59 Part of the possessions of the late Chantry of Blessed Mary, in Rotherham. A close of pasture, lying in Graysbroke, containing three roods, S. d. held by Thomas Worrall. Rent . © tº & º 2. Three acres and a rood of arable land in the common fields of Rotherham, held by Thomas Worrall. Rent . ſº ... 2 Three roods of meadow in the fields there, held by the same. Rent . º º º . º • e e e 2 8 An acre of meadow in Brynsfurth, held by Thomas Wynter. Rent * . © º º e º e o º g I 8 I 8 2 Part of the possessions of the late College of jesus, in Rotherham." “Firma Scitus nuper collegii predicti cum omnibus edificiis domibus stabulis columbariis et aliis suis pertinentiis except le scoole houses nuper in tenura et occupatione provosti et Sociorum et nunc in occupacione comitis Salop de anno in annum reddendi inde annuatim 66s. 8d.” is . - º '. - #, S. d. Firm of a messuage and a barn in Dalton and twenty-six acres of meadow, with part of a wood, called Gybbon Grove, containing four" acres, in the town and fields of Dalton, let to Robert Perkyn under the common seal of the late college, 13 May, 38 Henry VIII. Rent . tº tº º I9 2 Of the reprisals the figures are erased. “Memorandum, within the precincte and inclosure of the seid college ther is a parcell of grounde of the seid Erle of Shrewisburies, called the Ympe Yearde, beinge nowe the gardyne and orteyearde, conteynynge one acre, which of longe tyme hathe been in the occupacion of the Seid prouost and fellowes, painge therfore yerlye to the seid Erle 13s. 4d. “Parcell of the seid scyte or mansion house is covered with leade, viz., the gate house, conteynynge in lengthe vi yeardes, in bridthe iij yeardes, with iſ litle turretts therunto annexed, covered with leade, togithers wainge one fowther. The chappell on theest syde the seid gatehouse, with a crested roofe, conteyning in lengthe xviij yeardes, in bridthe on either syde the roofe fyve yeardes, wayng foure fowther. A chamber on the west syde the seid gatehouse, with lyke roofe, conteyning in length xij yeardes, in bridthe on either syde the roofe fyve yeardes, weyng three fowther. In all waynge viij fowther. The partyculers wherof are delyvered to Sir Mychell Stanhope, knyght. The seid mansion is slated.” There is also the farm-rent of some property in Staley, co. Derby, worth 13s. 4d. per annum, lately belonging to the same college, included on the same bill. * All granted by Patent Roll, 7 Edward VI., part 4, VI. [The date on this is nearly gone, and has been m 13. read 6 Edward VI. on the office stamp, but it is clearly b Particulars for Grants. Francis, Earl of Shrews- a mistake, and should be 3 Edward VI.] bury, Grantee, Section 2, 14th February, 3 Edward * “Tres " in the Patent Roll. I6o 330th crijam. Granted, on the Patent Roll, 3 Edward VI., part 3, m. 47–8, as follows:—“Totum Scitum et capitale mesuagium nuper Collegii Jesu, in Rotherham, in com. Ebor, modo dissoluti et totum plumbum de in et super scitum dicti nuper collegii existens seu remanens, ac omnia domos, edificia, stabula, columbaria, ortos, pomeria, gardina, Curtilagia, et alia Sua pertinentia quecumque infra Scitum septum ambitu circuitum et precinctum dicti nuper collegii existentia aut eidem Scitui spectantia sive pertinentia, exceptis tamen Semper et nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris omnino reservatis tota illa domo cum pertinentiis vocat le scolehouse in Rotherham predicta.” Part of the possessions of the late College of jesus, in Rotherham.” Firm of a garden in Staynford, with a house newly built upon it, between a messuage formerly of William Pawger on the east side and a messuage of William Smythe on the west, demised to the said William Smythe under the common seal of the college, 13 March, 21 Hen. VIII. Rent e . I 2 Firm of 4 acres of meadow in Woodhouse Ynges, in the parish of Bramwith, of which 3} acres lye in “le Watte nowke,” and half acre lies near syke halfe,” demised to William Smythe, 37 Henry VIII. Rent the same, called “ the 26 May, © º º & 8 Firm of a tenement and 23 acres in the town and fields of Hardewyke, let to John Snell, 21 Feb., 33 Hen. VIII. Rent 32 4. I Rent yearly payable to Lord Darcye from the premisses in Hardwyke, in tenure of John Snell And remains clear per annum I 2. 29 “Mem. That the seid rente resolute of xijs. is yerely payable vnto Sir George Darcie, knyght, nowe Lorde Darcye, as vnto his manour of Aston in the right of his wyfe.” Part of the possessions of the late College of jesus, in Rotherham." Firm of a tenement, with close and land pertaining, now occupied by Alice Batley, 22s. ; a tenement and land, now occupied by Robt. Kaye, 22s. 6d. ; also five tenements, with closes, in the separate occupation of John Hoile, John Hanson, William Senior, Thomas Overall, and Margarete Beamont, 24s. 8d. ; a tenement, occupied by Margaret * Grants also the lands in Dalton and Staley, with all rights as to woods, &c. * Particulars of Grants, John Bellowe and William Fuller, Grantees, mem. I2. Bill of Request 24th September, 3 Edward VI. These all granted by Patent Roll, 4 Edward VI., part 4, m. 8, 9. * Particulars of Grants. Sir Ed. Warner, Silvestre Leigh, and Leonard Bate, Grantees, section 2. Bill of Request, dated 28th March, 3 Edward VI. (Abstract.) All these on the Patent Roll, 3 Edward VI., part 3, m. I6, 19. “The school [of Clitheroe] was founded by Queen Mary, on the 9th August, 1554, and endowed with the rectorial tithes, and the advowson of the vicarage of Almondbury, in the West Riding of the co. of York, then lately belonging to the College of Jesus of Rotheram, the vicarage being ordained by Archbp. Rotheram, the founder of the college, on June 15th, 1488.” @rch high up 33 oth crijamt. I6 i Dranfeld, 45.; and another tenement or cotage, called le prest chamber, 4.d.; in the town and fields of Almondbury, demised, among others, to Wm. Romesden, under common . seal of the late college, 12 October, 38 Hen. VIII. . º 73 6 Firm of a cotage, with garden, in Amondbury, and another, now occupied by Wm. Wynde; also a cotage and a croft, called “le olde crofte,” containing iij rod, and an acre in le north feld of Almondbury, late in the occupation of Elizabeth Raynford, widow, demised to Thomas Greve, under common seal of the college, 28 July, 32 Hen. VIII. ſº º wº 6 4. A messuage, with 4 small closes, called “le Flattes,” in Almondbury, demised to William Nettilton, under common seal of the college, 21 Oct., 32 Henry VIII. Rent . o II A messuage in Almondbury, with a croft containing I acre; a - piece called “le chapell yerde,” of half an acre; a close called “le overslattes;” [? flattes] and a stable, with a piece of ground called “tenter crofte,” containing iij rodes, demised to Katherine, late wife of Wm. Kay, of Almondbury, and Lawrence Kaye, her son, by indenture, under common seal of the college, of 20 March, 16th Hen. VII. Rent . © I8 4 A cotage in Almondbury, now occupied by William Emerson, at will, from year to year. Rent . de º g © 2. III 2 d. A cotage in Almondbury, now occupied by Richard Langfeld. Rent . g te g ſº • & G e g 6 A cotage there, occupied by Margaret Baylie, widow. Rent . 6 I 2 Woodes nor underwoodes ther ar none growinge in or uppon the premysses other then in the hedges, which ar insufficient for the fensinge thereof. Ex" per HEN. SAVILL, Supervisor ibidem. Part of the possessions of the College of jesus, in Rotherham.” Firm of a messuage and 52 acres of arable, meadow, and pasture S. d. land, in Gyldingheth and Demyngton, with 21 swaithes of meadow, in different parcells, in “le mayneings” there, in the tenure of William Aslowe and Robt. Norton. Rent 4.O 2. “The quenes ma" hathe no more landes in the village aforesayd in the righte of the sayd late Colledge of Rotheram.” ;: * Particulars of Grants, 6 Elizabeth, Chas. Jackson and Mason, Grantees, memb, 12. 2 : I62 - 330th crijam. Part of the possessions of the Col. of jesus, in Rotherham.” Firm of a tenement, also of a close and wood of Io acres, called Barston, on the east side of Deckesthorpe,” demised among others to Thos. Snelle, 23 Feb., 36 Hen. VIII. Rent 28 5} “Item, the saide tenemente dothe not seme by the Recorde to be parcell of anye manour, but a quillett being in the saide towne, wheare the quene's ma" hathe no more landes in the right of the saide possessions.” [To these particulars of Elizabeth is added the following paragraph, or one to the same effect.] “The premisses are no parcell of thauncient demeynes of the Crowne, nor of the duchies of Lanc' or Cornewall, nor lieth nighe anye of the quenes ma" castelles, honors, parkes, forestes, or chases, whereunto her highenes hathe usuall accesse.” 3rtúbiggop ſidtjerſjam ag HIort ºffancelior. Some account of Archbishop Rotherham as Lord Chancellor must necessarily be given, this will be furnished principally from Lord Campbell’s “Lives of the Lord Chancellors, and Keepers of the Great Seal of England.” He says, “there is no record of the delivery of the Great Seal to Rotherham [then Bishop of Lincoln), but we know from the Privy Seal Bills extant, that he was Chancellor in the end of February, 1475. Although he held the Great Seal only for a short time on this occasion, it was afterwards restored to him, and he acted a most conspicuous part in the troubles which ensued on the death of Edward IV.” In Kennet’s “Complete History of England,” of 1706, in which the brief reign of Edward V. is contributed by Sir Thomas More," it would seem as though an exhaustive account of these “troubles” could be found. At the council called by the Duke of Gloucester, after the death of his brother, Edward IV., in which the withdrawing of the young Duke of York from the sanctuary of Westminster, where the queen-mother had taken refuge with him, the speeches purporting to have been made on that occasion by Gloucester, by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Duke of Buckingham, are given with such uncommon copiousness, as to render it marvellous how any annalist of such a period could possess himself of them. In this account Archbishop Rotherham, the staunch defender of the widowed queen and her Protector Gloucester with the getting the Duke of York out of sanctuary; Holinshed and the “Works’ of 1557 making it the Archbishop of York, the rest, a Same. 4. Elizabeth, Fras. Palmes, Grantee. " These words cancelled, a note explains why. * Edition 1845, Vol. I, pp. 390-394. * “The History of the Reigns of Edward W. and Richard III.,” by Sir Thomas More, originally written by him in Latin, in 1513, has been printed in English by the chroniclers Harding, Hall, and Holinshed, as well as in More's Works, 1557, and was re-translated in 1706, for Kennet’s “Complete History of England.” The versions vary considerably, and among other details they do not agree who it was that was entrusted by the including Kennet, making it the Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury. The Latin edition of More's Works, of 1565, agrees with the latter, but it is not that from which Kennet’s much fuller translation is taken, and the source of which he does not indicate. Among conflicting authorities, we give Rotherham the benefit of the doubt, as we know he was the queen's friend. 3rtijëigijap 33 ſtijerijam. I63 children, undeterred by the fate which he knows will overtake him, resists the proposition to remove them from sanctuary in the following words:—“That as he consented to the motion that the Duke of York should be brought to the king's presence out of the sanctuary by persuasions, and would himself do his best to effect it, since they had pleased to impose that task upon him; yet he could not by any means consent to that proposition,--That if the queen refused to deliver him, he should be taken out of sanctuary by force;—because it would be a thing not only ungrateful to the whole nation, but highly displeasing to Almighty God to have the privilege of sanctuary broken, in that church, which being at first consecrated by St. Peter, who came down above 500 years ago, in person, accompanied with many angels, by night, to do it, has since been adorned with the privilege of a sanctuary by many popes and kings; and therefore, as no bishop ever dare attempt the consecration of that church, so no prince has ever yet been so fierce and indevout as to violate the privilege of it: and God forbid, that any man whatsoever, shall at this time, or hereafter, upon any worldly advantages or reasons, attempt to infringe the immunities of that most holy place, that hath been the defence and safety of so many good men's lives. However, he said, he hoped they should not be driven to use such extremities, and doubted not, when the queen, who was a person of known judgment and understanding, once heard their reasons, she would, for her son's sake, the king, readily yield to their desires; and if otherwise should happen, he would so perform his part, that they should be convinced, that there wanted no goodwill, or endeavour in himself, but the queen's dread and womanish fear was the only cause of it.” The discussion occupies several folio columns, and the queen seems to have been a fair match for the whole of the council, but at last she consents that her son, the Duke of York, should leave sanctuary, which, as we know, led to his speedy murder, and to the imprisonment of Archbishop Rotherham in the Tower. If the above speech attributed to Archbishop Rotherham be authentic, it cannot but excite a feeling of admiration of his undaunted courage in opposing the machination of him who became the tyrant Richard III., and yet one wonders, that an intellect so robust, disciplined, and penetrative, should yet be thus held in such superstition and credulity as regarded the fabulous legends of the Church : for in Sir Thomas More's history, as printed in Holinshed (p. 717), 'tis cited, as “a proof of St. Peter's descending from heaven to consecrate the Church of Westminster, that the good prelate affirmed St. Peter's cope was still to be seen in the abbey.” We can only hope that the archbishop did not affirm anything of the kind, or, at any rate, that St. Peter did not so far forget himself, although it would have been worse if he had left behind him his keys also. In this respect this reference to the contrasted characteristics of a bye-gone age is not without its interest and instruction, furnishing motives of thankfulness for the clearer light in which it is our privilege to live. - “He owed his elevation to his own merits. * * * Soon after his elevation to the office of Chancellor he was called to open a Session of Parliament after a prorogation, and by holding out the prospect of a French war, he contrived to obtain supplies of unexampled amount * * * On the 14th March (1476), by the king's command, he returned thanks to the three estates, and dissolved the Parliament, which had lasted near two years and a half. Since the beginning of parliaments no one had enjoyed an existence nearly so long. * * * The “History of Croyland’ points it out as something very remarkable, that during I64 - - - 330th crijam. this Parliament of Edward IV. no less than three several Lord Chancellors presided. “The first,’ adds that authority, “was Robert Stillington, Bishop of Bath, who did nothing but by the advice of his disciple, John Alcock, Bishop of Worcester. The next was Lawrence Booth, Bishop of Durham, who tired himself with doing just nothing at all; and the third was Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, who did all, and brought everything to a happy conclusion.’” Notwithstanding this, on 27th April, 1473, John Alcock was sworn in chancellor, but only held office until September. During Rotherham's super- cession there is a strong probability that he accompanied the king in his inglorious expedition to claim the Crown of France, which ended in the peace of Pecquigni. : “He continued chancellor and chief adviser of the Crown during the remainder of this reign.” , t He opened a Parliament in January, 1477, and declared the cause of the summons from this text:—“Dominus regit meet nihil mihi deerit.” He obtained popularity by a very stringent Act against the Irish, and seems to have done all in his power, but in vain, to reconcile the dissensions between the king and his brother, the Duke of Clarence. On the 20th January, he “opened Edward's last Parliament, with a speech from the text, “Dominus illuminatio mea et salus mea, * * nothing was brought forward during the session, except a code of consolidation of the laws touching “excess of apparel, with a new enactment, ‘that none under the degree of a lord shall wear any mantle, unless it be of such a length that a man standing upright, il lui voilera la queue, translated in the Statute Book, it shall cover his buttocks, 22 Edward IV., so that instead of appearing in flowing robes, and with a long train, the privilege of the nobility now was to show the contour of their person to the multitude.” - “There are to be found in the year books and abridgements, various cases decided by the chancellors of Edward IV., showing that their equitable juris- diction still required much to be improved and strengthened. Lord Chancellor Rotherham was considered the greatest equity lawyer of the age.” With this comprehensive complimentary deliverance of Lord Chancellor Campbell in the 19th century, we may fairly and agreeably close these notices of Lord Chancellor Rotherham of the 15th century. - But not even may so estimable and eminent a character as Archbishop Rotherham be altogether “without spot or wrinkle in any such thing;” on the contrary, however otherwise advanced, it appears from the following document that he was not impeccable—but that he may have had a full answer to the charge, which we have not. The wrong, if wrong it was, seems to have existed for nearly thirty years. - - True Bill.” Again the aforesaid jury say and present upon their oath, That the most reverend Father in Christ, Thomas Rotherham, late Archbishop of York, on 1st October, 20 Edward IV., not having obtained a royal licence therefor, newly made and imparked a certain parcel of land at Southwell, in the county of Nottingham, containing three hundred "Chancery Inquisitions, 24 Henry VII., No. 89 (translation). @rch high up 33 oth crijam. 165 acres of land at least, now commonly called the New Park, and placed stags and deer there; and kept the said three hundred acres so imparked as his own park all his life, and the deer there placed he turned and killed for his own use, against the form of the statute for that case made and provided. And further they say that after the death of the said archbishop, one Thomas Savage, clerk, was in the Archbishopric of York, which Thomas Savage likewise kept as his own imparked park, the said three hundred acres of land so imparked with the stags and deer in the same, and turned the same to his own use, chased, and killed them, against the form of the statute therefor made and provided. They say also that James Savage, of Southwell, in the county of Nottingham, Esq., after the death of the said Thomas Savage, archbishop, viz., on Ioth September, and on divers other days and occasions, the Archiepiscopal See being vacant and the said New Park being in the hands of the king, had hunted there, and chased and slew twelve male deer and twenty female deer, to the heavy damage of our lord the king, and against the form of the statute in that case made and provided. 350me agistellaneous ſectices of the 3rtgbiggop's famiip. Farle, Farleigh, now Farley, was one of the five ancient mases, with its manors and lands, which King Offa gave to the Abbot of St. Albans in 795. In 1379, being an alien priory, it was granted by Henry VI. to King's College, Cambridge. The estate came into the hands of the Wenlock family until the death of Lord John Wenlock, when it was, among his other estates, forfeited to the king, who either sold or gave it to Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, who left it to his heir; for in the next king's reign John Rotherham, Esq., of Farley Hall, in Luton, was sheriff for the county of Bedford. King James, on his progress in 1605, spent a night at Sir John Rotherham's, at Farley. The mansion and manor of Farley passed from the Rotherhams to Sir Francis Crawley, Knight, who married a daughter of Sir Thomas Rotherham—it has remained in the hands of the Crawleys ever since, and is now the property of John S. Crawley, Esq. It is at present a farmhouse and outbuildings. The estate at Someries, as well as Farley and others, was forfeited at the death of Lord Wenlock to the Crown, when King Edward IV. bestowed it on his courtiers. Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, procured Someries for his heir, John Rotherham. Pennant says, John Rotherham, Esq., Farley, married Catherine, daughter of Lord Grey. Leland says that “he had with her, in marriage, Luton, in Bedfordshire, and three hundred marks of land thereabout, and a fair place within the paroche of Luton, called Somerys.” Speaking of Luton Church Camden says “I saw a fair church, but the choir then roofless and overgrown with weeds, and adjoining to it an elegant chapel, founded by J. Lord Wenlock, and well maintained by the family of Rotheram, planted here by . Thomas Rotheram, Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England, in the time of King Edward IV.” “In the north wall (of the Wenlock Chapel) are two noble altar tombs canopied over. That at the east end was enriched with portraits of a man and his wife, but these, with the inscription and arms are now gone. * “History of Luton (Bedfordshire),” by Fred Davis, 1855, pp. 25, 23. * “Britannia,” 1637, p. 402. I66 łęſtijerijam. “The other altar-tomb, at the west end of the wall, had on it, engraved in brass, a man kneeling against two women, with an inscription and arms; these also are gone. [This is accounted for. A great quantity (of old brasses) in the last century was melted down, to make a chandelier for the church.] These altar-tombs are supposed to be the Rotherhams of Someries. According to the Will of Archbishop Rotherham, bearing date 1498, his mother and brother were interred in Luton Church. says,” “On one had been an inscription to a Rotherham, who had married Catherine, daughter of Lord Grey: and was himself nephew to Scott, alias Rotherham, Archbishop of York.’ - “In the north aisle he buried several of the family of the Rotherhams, viz., at the east end, on a large stone was inlaid, with brass, the portrait of a man between his two wives: under, was written in capitals:– “HIS JACET GEORGIUS ROTHERHAM NUP’ DE FARLEY ARMIGER, QUIDUAS IN VITA, DUXIT UXOREs, QUARAM PRIMA FUIT ELIZABETHA BARDOLFE FILIA EDMUNDE BARDOLFE ARMIGERI PER QUAM TRES VIVENTES RELIQUIT LIBERos. ScIL’T GEORGIUM RADULFUM ET ELIZABETHAM: ALTERA vBRO FUIT ANNA Gower FILIA GULIELMI Gow ER ARMIGERI PRO QUAM QUATUOR HABUIT LIBEROS SCILICET ISAACUM THOMAM EDMUNDUM ET ANNAM QUI QUIDEM GEORGIUS ROTHER HAM Ex HAC VITA MIGRAVIT QUINTO DIE NovembRIS. ANNO D’NI MDXCIII.” “George Rotherham, of Summeries, by his indenture, did grant and confirm an annuity of four pounds a year, issuing out of a messuage in Luton, called Lawleys, in trust to amend the parish church and steeple for ever.” Elizabeth Rotherham, late of Kensington, in the county of Middlesex, widow, out of a close of land called Hurtwood or Hawtwood Close, and other land devised to her daughter, Talbot Creed, bequeathed a payment of two pounds and twelve shillings a year to the overseers of the parish of Luton for the time being, to enable them to lay out twelve pence every Sunday in the year for twelve penny loaves of bread, to be distributed every Sunday to twelve poor women of the parish that day present at divine service." There is no record to show that the archbishop himself ever resided here, or that he ever visited here. Some parts of the estates have been sold, and the others are now possessed by John S. Crawley, Esq., through the Crawley family having married into the Rotherham family. - There are none of the family of Rotherham in Luton left. In Sir W. Brereton's diary of his travels in 1635," Sir Thomas Rotherham, a privy councillor in Dublin is mentioned. A note says that he was descended from Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York. Someries, where resided the family of Rotherham, “planted here,” in Camden’s words, “by Thomas Rotheram, Archbishop of York,” “was held by the Somarii family before the Norman Conquest. It was a place of great strength and well defended by a mound and deep ditch, which are still to be seen. About the year 1448 Lord John Wenlock built a large and sumptuous mansion of brick, of great strength, enclosed with a very strong wall and ditch, the gateway is still perfect, and some part of the tower and chapel are still standing. Gough says of the mansion, ‘It is one of the most beautiful specimens in brick, of the * This blank so in Davis, p. 72. * Davis, pp. I oo, Io; * /Javis, p. 8o. * Chetham Society, Remains, vol. i., p. 141. @r cijö tät, op. Rotherham. 167 florid Gothic, that I remember. In the tower, or rather the gateway, are remaining fourteen or fifteen brick steps, and there was originally a hole or pipe, which conveyed the lowest whisper from the bottom to the top." How far might this palace, built of brick, into which he had inducted his brother, influence the archbishop in the erection of his College of Jesus, at Rotherham In the words of Leland, “sumptuously builded of brike,” and of which Hunter says, “it may be presumed to have been one of the first edifices in this part of the kingdom built of that material, as it became a popular saying in the neighbourhood, “as red as Rotherham College.’” “May 6. John Rotheram, of Linc. Coll. This person, who was a Bedford- shire man born, and of kin to Archbishop Rotheram, the second founder of Linc. Coll., was made Fellow thereof by the visitors in 1648, and afterwards became a Barrister of Greys Inn. In June, 1688, he was, among other Counsellors (Dissenters from the Church of England), called by the Writ of K. Jam. II, to take upon them the state and degree of Serjeant at Law, and being sworn at the Chancery Bar on the 18th of the same month, was in the beginning of July following made one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and by the name of Baron Rotheram he went the Oxford circuit in the latter end of the said month.” * Davis, pp. 22, 23. b Wood’s “Fasti Oxonienses,” Bliss' edition, 1820, part ii., p. 170. ſº a--> I #ºiâ - **** [IT - - - - - tºº tº ºr mºtiºn.ºttºniini.rutºitiºn # ritºittºntºrtinºtºrcº ºnfrºntºinteriºritiºn minutritiºn intº º:ºft iºtº 14" - mitºtiji, ºutfitti will Militiºn == iº |||ſſiſſiliºl||iſſ - --- zº ==== -- a nº--------------------------- ź. S —º-jºº -º-E--> | º Tomb of Archbishop Rotherham, York Minster. | º - ØØ - º º: : * | tº: º * / § Xº3: ~ſ ſº tº Sº, yº vº Nº N | - º 2. - ºri º f : E. - º -N ſ ſº exº-s - A. Nº-J. 'bºſſ º * - º wº ſº * & ºf - - 1. º zº º - Sº -* wº Wºº-ºº: Fº Ǻ *º $ººl-arºº º 422 ſº Sºº 3. - % º --- g % Çjt (Ujurtiſ in Carlu (Limit5. (CONTINUED.) iº ISTORY has told us of centuries distinguished by every form of ºf rapine, cruelty, and crime, and of thrones and peoples that therein perished from the earth; but also that the Christian religion rose supreme and radiant over the wreck. This was signall evidenced in the wide erection and extension of temples dedicated to its service throughout the length and breadth of the land. The rude Saxon Church, at “Roderam,” owned the potent spell; and, perhaps gradually, assumed more artistic form and ampler dimensions appropriate to the more attractive services, and increased number of worshippers. Yet under what strangely different circumstances to those now existing would those early Christians assemble together ? Trooping through the green-sward paths of the thick umbrageous forests, and skirting dangerous morasses and moorland wastes, “the rude and mountain men” of the distant uplands, and the home-dwellers nestling under the shadow of the newly-upreared sanctuary, met together, and united in the solemn and devout worship of God; and how sincerely this faith was by them held, and how adequately honoured, is demonstrated by their erection of the noble bell-tower in 1409. - Of Archbishop Rotherham a copious account has been given, and it is trusted that in his native town, at least, the present work will not be therefore less acceptable. Whatever question may be raised as to the meed of honour due to him as to the enlarging, or, it may be, in a great measure, re-building the church, a subject which has already been freely discussed, there can be no question of his great munificence in having provided, in connection with his college, for the most resplendent celebration of the services of the altar. This is shown in the rich list of costly gifts made by him in his Will before given (p. 138). ES |ſ:- “§ => : * |z. t - º §: º Oſije Čijurch in Çarlg Times. I69 Perhaps the most extraordinary article in this magnificent inventory is what is described in the Archbishop's will as a “Mitre for the Barne bishop of cloth of gold, with two knopps of silver gilt and enamyled,” which Baker says’ “ shows the great concern they had for that little bishop, when one was to be appointed only out of six choristers, and in a country village. I had thought that custom had been confined to cathedral churches, and that a mock bishop was only to appear where there was a true one; but it seems that piece of superstition extended further.” / The adoption of this curious custom at Rotherham, and providing this costly decoration for it, is another proof of the archbishop's regard for his native town. In the early ages of the Church the chorister boys of cathedrals were allowed to elect one of their number as their bishop at the Feast of St. Nicholas, who till the Feast of the Innocents, two and twenty days, was to wear the habiliments of the episcopal order, and to receive from the other boys the same honours and observance which would be paid to an actual bishop. This custom it seems was extended to some conventual churches: and that the archbishop willed it should be maintained at Rotherham in a style corresponding with its mock dignity, was in his day significant of special regard, although now it appears to savour more of tinsel pomp and ceremony, than of reverence for the ordinances of religion, or of respect for its ministers. At this period when the entire of the interior of the church throughout all its wall and window spaces, was one rich display of subdued colour and costly decoration, contributions made by the neighbouring nobility and gentry added an uncommon splendour to its appearance. - One of the family of the Clarels of Aldwark bequeathed to it a cloth of arras, of the Passion of Our Lord, to hang upon the rood loft, and his stained cloth of the battle between Lord Scales and the Bastard. By the Bastard of Burgundy is meant him who fought with Anthony Widvile Savile, Lord Scales, in Smithfield, the king, Edward IV., being present. The revenue, it may be remarked at this time, seems hardly to correspond with this rich display of costly decoration. In King Henry's valor the gross profits of the rectory are stated at A 67 I 3s. 4d., out of which the following payments were to be made:– ;4, S. d. The Vicar's stipend . . . . . . . . 16 13 4 Pension to the Dean and Canons of Windsor . . e 2O O O Pension to the Prior of Lewes - I I 3 4. Pension to the Archbishop I 6 8 Pension to the Dean and Chapter O I 3 4. Synodals o 7 8 Procurations e º º • • * e ... O 5 8 A salary to the Cantarist of Laxton of the grant of John de Lexington © & & º º tº º º 3 6 8 A 44 6 8 Leaving a clear profit to Rufford of £23 6 8 • Liber Niger Scaccarii, p. 680. Rotherham was at that time something more than “a country village.” 22 17o 330th crijam. The following is a translation of the Charter of 7th of Edward IV., given by Dugdale, from Inspeximus, in Patent Roll, Henry VIII., which gives to Windsor the moiety formerly held by the Abbey of Clervaux, in Champagne, above specified. - Edward, &c., to all to whom these present letters may come, greeting, Know, that we in augmentation and relief of the support of the great burdens of our beloved in Christ the warden or dean and canons of our free chapel of Saint George, within our castle of Windsor, of our special grace and from our certain knowledge, and our mere motion, have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant to the same Warden or Dean and Canons [among other things], Also a certain annual pension or emolument of twenty pounds which the Abbot of Rufford is bound to pay to us for half the church of Rotherham, in the county of York, which formerly belonged to the foreign Abbey of Claravalle. # * # To have and to hold to the same Warden, or Dean and Canons, and their successors, the said manors, &c., # # ºk in free, pure, and perpetual alms for ever, without any emolument, rent, reckoning, or rate or other profit whatever, to be given or paid to us or our heirs, the Statute of Mortmain notwithstanding. In witness, &c. Witness myself at Windsor, 18* July, in the 7" year of our reign. The reign of King Henry VIII., as before stated, brought all the external glories of public worship and ecclesiastical rule to a sudden and violent end: and at that time of its spoliation, the Church, and the Lordship of Rotherham, and all other the possessions of the Abbey of Rufford, were granted to the Earl of Shrewsbury, as before adverted to, but here set forth.” We, &c. * # have given, granted, and by these presents do give and grant to the said Earl Shrewsbury] all the site, encircled and enclosed, of the late Monastery or Abbey of Rufford, together with all and singuler messuages, houses, buildings, &c. * * And also all our lordships, manors, and granges of Rufford [and 24 other places, and our lordship of Rotherham, with all and singular the messuages, lands, and tenements in Rotherham, Thurleston, Charlecotes, and Wyuleden, in our county of York, to the same lordship and the rest of the premisses in any way whatever belonging, together with the Rectory of Rotherham aforesaid, and the patronage of the vicarage of Rotherham aforesaid, and all our ſlands in Derbyshire] * # # * fully and wholly and in as entire a manner as the Abbots or Priors of the said Monasteries or any of them had, held, and enjoyed them, in right of their said Monasteries or any of them, on the 4” Feb. in the 27" year of our reign, or at any time before; and for that purpose fully and entirely, as the said site of the Abbey or Monastery, lordships, manors, messuages, lands, tenements, and other hereditaments and possessions whatever, specified in these presents, with their appurtenances, come and ought to come to our hands, by reason and authority of a certain Act for dissolving certain Abbeys, Monasteries, Priories, and religious houses (among others published and provided in our Parliament begun at London, 3" Novº, in the 21* year of our reign, then adjourned to Westminster, and by divers prorogations continued to the 4* Feb' in our 27" year, and then held), and now are, and ought to be, and may be in our hands; with all and singuler messuages, lands, and tenements # # mills, woods, &c., &c., fairs, markets, profits, &c., &c., of whatever kind, nature, or species * “Monasticon Anglicanum,” Vol. 6, part 3, p. * Extracted and translated from Patent Roll, 29 1358, col. 2 (Caley and Ellis's Edition, 1830). Hen. VIII., part i., m. Io, II. Qſìje (Tijurch in Çarlg (Timrå. 171 % % in the said vills, fields, hamlets, and parishes of Rufford [and 24 places], Rotherham, Thurleston, Charlecotes, Wyuleden, Brampton [and six others] * * to the said late Monastery or Abbey of Rufford aforesaid in any way pertaining or belonging, whereof a certain Thomas Dancaster, late Abbot of the said Monastery of Rufford, was seised in his demesne as of fee, in right of the late Monastery. All and singular which site, lordships, manors, vicarages, rectories, lands, tenements, and all and singular the premisses, with their appurtenances, by these presents granted, are of the clear and true annual value of £246 I 5s. 5d. Sterling, and not beyond. We learn from Hunter that “ George, Earl of Shrewsbury, to whom the grant was made, died on July 26th, I 538, leaving Francis, his son and heir, father of George, father of Gilbert, who were successively Earls of Shrewsbury, and to whom the manor and advowson of Rotherham belonged till the death of Earl Gilbert in 1616. * * * When the vast estates which they had enjoyed entire, became dispersed in the hands of several persons who represented females of the House of Talbot, Rotherham was vested with Sheffield and other manors in the co-heirs of Earl Gilbert, and it is included in the great settlement of 1627. In pursuance of that settlement Rotherham became the property of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, grandson of Lady Alethea Talbot, and afterwards of Henry, his brother, the sixth Duke of Norfolk of the House of Howard.” Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk, was born 1628, died 1684. Married, first, Ann, daughter of Edward Somerset, Marquis of Worcester; she died August 27th, 1662, leaving issue; and secondly, Jane, daughter of Robert Bickerton, Esq., of Cash, in Scotland (Hunter says “an Irish lady”); she was born 1644, married about 1665, and died 1693, and her bowels interred in Rotherham Church. After the death of the duke she lived at the Holmes (Holmes Hall) having had possessions left her by the duke in and near Rotherham, which at her death went to her eldest son, Lord George Howard, born 1666, who was an ardent supporter of James II., 1688-9, whom he joined in his descent on Ireland, and was taken prisoner and released, and married Arabella, daughter and heir of Sir Edward Alleyn, of Thackstead, Essex, widow of Francis Thompson, Esq., of Hambleton, county York, M.P. for Scarborough; she died 1730. Lord George died 1720, when the Holmes property went to his next brother (then alive) Lord Frederick. There were other children. Lord Frederick married Catherine, daughter of Sir F. Blake, of Oxfordshire; they had a daughter, Elizabeth. Lord Frederick, who, it would appear, had resided at Eastwood when his elder brother lived at the Holmes, left the Rotherham property, in 1727, to Francis, Lord Howard of Effingham, who was created, in 1731, for gallant professional services, Earl of Effingham. He was colonel of the 4th troop of Horse Guards. It is a curious circumstance that Thomas, the second Earl of Effingham (who was colonel of the 1st troop of Grenadier Guards), the sole surviving male contingent remainder (as was supposed), entered into possession of Audley End, near Cambridge, and large estates on the death of the tenth Earl of Suffolk, under the will of a previous seventh Earl of Suffolk, and held them from May, 1745, to February, 1747, but on a will of a third earl being brought to light, it was found that the power of the seventh earl had been exhausted, and he had no right to will the property to Thomas, second Earl of Effingham, who, although he was obliged to give up the estates, retained unmolested the large (James I.) house, or that portion which I 72 330th crijam. had not been previously pulled down, and a large deer park well stocked. This was sold by him to Lady Portsmouth. He did not leave the money thus obtained to the Effingham title and family, or if he did, it was dispersed by Thomas, the third earl. He (Thomas) was born 13th January, 1746-7, and died 15th November, 1791. Considerable dispersion of the property was made by him, of which a brief notice will be elsewhere given, with a further mention of his somewhat erratic career. He was succeeded by Richard, the fourth earl, who died in 1816, as recorded on the tablet erected to his memory in the chancel of the church, with an appreciative tribute thereto. With him this sketch of the lay rectors of the church closes. The manor and advowson descended to Kenneth Alexander Howard, fifth Lord Howard of Effingham, and from him to the present highly-esteemed Earl of Effingham. By an arrangement betwixt them the advowson is now vested in the Archbishop of York. (Carlu (ºttlesiastical ſlural Hºrturūš. - There is a history in all men's lives Figuring the nature of the times deceased. HENRY IV., part 2. We have now to learn from our own Local Records, whatever of further popular progress or spiritual prosperity ensued to the Church and people, from the complete transformation which had taken place in the manner of conducting the religious services, and from the adoption of the reformed ritual. Whatever instability may have affected the mode, the place of worship remained stable and immutable as the rock on which the foundations of the noble structure rest. - - And whatever else might be questioned, the confessors of the “old faith ” had most undeniably evidenced their faith and love by their works, in the sacred edifices erected by them; so that, in the changes which had taken place, the most rigid and irreconcilable of the worshippers of the reformed faith, who devoutly bowed the knee in those noble temples for divine worship, might truly aspirate Lo, God is here ! let us adore And own how awful is this place. More or less distraction and some difficulty, would necessarily accompany a change so unmeasured and momentous. Both priests and people, under the new order, would require time to settle down into the respective relations into which they were to be allied to each other, and to the great religious movement of which they formed part. - Perhaps, in consequence of this, we have no record of the interval between the changes already given and the more recent ones which now claim attention, relating to the persons and proceedings of those who succeed. And it may be said that although the details of the nearer days may be of a more homely and less exciting character, they will not altogether fail in exciting interest, and yielding information respecting the Church management of our later forefathers. (ſhe (Tijurch in Çarlg (Tim £5. I73 The following extracts are made from the churchwardens' book of minutes, and which commence in 1669; but the one first given is dated 1634, and, although giving the signature of the vicar and churchwardens, must be a transcript of an earlier document, afterwards entered in the book. - The earliest entry in point of date in the book consists of a complete list of the churchwardens, commencing in 1669 and continued to 1704; also of the overseers of the poor, and sometimes of the surveyors of the highways; but the older document is curious as showing the consideration which was then considered to be due “to men of most emynency and best desert,” and well worth preserving. It is headed in another hand, and purports to be The Settlement of Mr. Mounteney’s and Mr. Burrough's Seats in Rotherham Church. Whereas, upon late special direction, as well from his Maj" as from the most reverend father in God, the Lord Archbishope of Yorke that now is, and the archdeacon of these parts, given to diverse ministers appointed commissioners to survey and give order for the beautifyeing of churches and the refourmeing, altering, placing, and repayring as well of seats for inhabitants of every parish, as of the pulpitts and quyors appointed for the ministers and clergymen of the same, for the more decencye and conveniencye of preaching, reading, and hearing of God’s word, some alterations have beene in our p'rish church of Rotherham, for the better uniformitye of the said church. Whereupon some seats, anciently holden and used by certain of our townsmen and p’ishioners of the best rank and sort, have beene necessarily displaced by their own consents, and some places utterly void and unfurnished of seats at all, which voyd places have sy thense given as good content to the p’sons displaced, being fully as convenient for their hearing as their ancient seats were; forasmuch, therefore, as is most fitting that men of most emynency and best desert, and withal such as beare the greatest charge in the parish upon every occasion, should be furnished with most convenient places, according to their quality, degree, and calling, soe farr as may be without offense. And for that Richard Mounteney, Esquire, and Richard Burroughs, Gen"., being now kinsmen, and of our said p’shoners of the best note, and their ancestors, time out of mind, have, till the late said alteration, had a convenient seat next adjoining eastwards to the said Quyer heretofore used for the ministers and clergymen of our said church, which upon the occasion aforesaid was thought fitting to be allowed. And thereupon the said Mr. Mountenay and Mr. Burroughs being displaced have sythense, at their own costs and charges, by consent, newly erected and sett up from the ground, for themselves and their wives and children, two seats of new worke in and upon part of the said void space next adjoyning together westwards to the said minister's Quyer. Wee, therefore, the vicar and churchwardens of the towne and p’rsh of Rotherham aforesaid, whose names are subscribed, doo hereby approve and allow of their said new seats and places. And the same doo, by these presents, confirm to be holden and to continue to them and theirs in as full and ample manner as they, or their successors, hold their former seats and places, and as the lawes of the Church will allow of. In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands, and have caused the same to be recorded in the registers of our Church busines this seventh day of Aprill. Anno Dom. 1634. William Dickenson, vicar, Anthony Rogers, William Greene, William Deane, Brian Paine, William Wasse, churchwardens of the towne of Rotherham aforesaid. I74 330th crijam. In 1673 room is assigned by Richard Burrows (son to the above) for two persons of the family of Mr. Edward Gill, of Carr House, and the residue of the said pew or seat to his tenant and kinsman, Mr. Charles Derwent, which is confirmed by the Ordinary. An Abstract of Dorothy Taylor's Will made Oct. 8", 1671. Item. I give and devise unto Jonathan Staniforth, of Rotherham aforesaid, Gent, and Thomas Hirst, son of my gº brother, Nathaniel Hirst, and their heirs forever, all that close, called Heandly Close, lying in Kimberworth Lordshippe, containing by estimation two acres (more or less), late in y” tenure and occupation of one Thomas Garrett, to and for y” sole and proper use, benefitt, and behoofe of y" vicar of Rotherham afoursaid for y” time being and his successors for ever. The Old Vicarage, Rotherham. The Answer of y late Churchwardens for yº towne and parish of Rotherham to y Article in yº First Title. 1. That there is only a vicaridge house, consisting of three bays, belonging to yº vicar there, and y' is bounded with y” church- yard, west; a tenement in y” holding of Ben: Rooke, Gent, north; y” vicaridge-foulds, east; and a tenement in y” holding of Richard Scholey, south;-is no other lands or tenements belonging to y” same as p'cell thereof. Qſb e (ſhurch in Garig (Times. I75 2. That there is yearly payd, at Michaelmas, by the king's receivor, # S. d. to the vicar of Rotherham . o ſº tº. de & . I4. O4. O4. 3. And to the assistant curate there . . . . . . O6 13 O4 4. There is also payd by y” Duchess Dowager of Norfolk, yearly, at Mich: and Lady-day, by equall portions to y's" vicar . . I6 13 O4 5. Payd alsoe to y's" vicar, yearly, at Lady-day, by John Gill, Esq., out of lands in Gresbrooke. tº e * . ... O 5 OO OO 6. Payd alsoe and issueing out of a messuage or tenement in Briggate, in Rotherham, on every St. Thomas day, of y” gift of Mr. Tho: Taylor. Ö ſº e e * & . O2 OO OO A close, called Heanley Close, lying in Kimberworth in y” parish, devised to y” use of y” vicar and his successors for ever, by Dorothy Taylor, of Rotherham, deceased, of y” yearly value of of Io Oo That there are noe tithes, oblacions or other profitts whatsoever belonging to ye vicaredge. Witness our hands this 24 October, 1684. HEN. MooREHouse, Vicar, and others. The answer above written was delivered to y” officers belonging to y” Cort of Yorke at y” Corrections at Doncaster, Oct. 24, 1684. A Register of sums collected by briefs for many various persons and places occupy the first several pages of the book, generally under twenty shillings, until reaching the following entries, when the benevolence of the very limited popula- tion of the period seems to have evinced most praiseworthy Christian sympathy and substantial assistance. Given by y” inhabitants of ye towne and parish of Rotherham towards y” reliefe of y" distressed French Protestants y' are fledd into England for refuge, as follows, on May 26, 28, and 29, 1686. - #, S. d. Imprimus by y” inhabitants of Rotherham tº g ſº . 35 18 7” It" by y” inhabitants of Gresbrook quarter * e o . 27 I 3 I It" by y” inhabitants of Kimberworth quarter . º tº . 4 5 I* It" by y” inhabitants of Tinsley quarter . e tº ſº . 2 4 II It" by y” inhabitants of Dalton quarter . . . tº . 2 8 7 A 72 Io 4 Given more {º ſº e. º ... 6 The names of the persons giving and the amounts given by them are fixed to this page, but afterwards put into y” towne box. Given more by y” inhabitants of y” towne and parish of Rotherham in the months of May and June, 1688, towards y” releief of y" distressed French Protestants y are fledd into England, as followeth :— 176 - łłſtijerijam. - S. d. Imprimus by y” inhabitants of Rotherham . e & • º 2 9 It" by y” inhabitants of Gresbrook quarter . . . . 8 3 7 It" by y” inhabitants of Kimberworth quarter . 0 . . 2 I7 II It" by y” inhabitants of Tinsley quarter . o 19 8 It" by y” inhabitants of Dalton quarter . ... O IO O - £38 I 3 II The names of persons giving and of sums given by them are fixed to this page. (These documents are lost). Given by y” inhabitants of y" towne and parish of Rotherham towards y” reliefe of y” distressed Irish Protestants that are fled into England for refuge as followeth, June, 1689:— - - S. d. Imprimus by y” inhabitants of Rotherham © º º s io Io Oº It" by y” inhabitants of Gresbrook quarter . . . . 14 2 3 It" by yº inhabitants of Kimberworth quarter . º e . 2 I 3” It" by y” inhabitants of Tinsley quarter . tº e tº . I 4. 2” It" by y' inhabitants of Brinsworth quarter . º º . I 2 2° A 35 O O In 1682 there is one for y” reliefe of the Protestants in Poland 18° 94". May, 1690. Collected in the p'rish of Rotherham upon the second briefe for y” distressed Protestants y” are fled out of Ireland for reliefe and refuge the sum of fourtine pounds fowertene shillings sixpence. Witnes hand, HEN. MooREHOUSE, Vic, &c. Perhaps the most remarkable instance of this kind of help is, Sept. 4, 1674: Received of the vicar and churchwardens of Rotherham y” sum of one pound one shilling, collected upon a briefe for y” use of Mr. Matthew Sheppard and other refiners of sugar, in y” Citty of London, and co-partners in y” trade. Jno. Goulding, £1 I o. There was an ancient chapel at Greasbrough, removed in 1826, and the requirements of the largely increased population supplied by the present handsome church. Hunter states the old chapel had the right of sepulture. The following document will show that it was not an ancient right, but adventitious and permissive. - Whereas, during the late troubles in Church and State, the inhabitants of Gresbrooke Byerlaw, in y” parish of Rotherham, tooke the liberty to bury some of their dead in y” chappell and churchyard there, whereby it hath come to passe y' many desire to be buryed where their relations have beene layde: Now, this writing witnesseth that wee, whose names are hereunto subscribed in the names of oºselves and the rest of the inhabitants there, doo engage and promise that the p’sent connivance of the p'sent Vicar of Rotherham shall bee no prejudice to him or his successors, Vicars of Rotherham, in the Church of Qſìje (ſhurch in Čarlu (ſimtº. 177 Rotherham. And, further, doo promise and engage for O'selves, and the rest of the inhabitants of y" sº Byerlaw, y' wee will not p’mitt or suffer any to be buried or baptized without lycence first obtained under the hand of the said vicar or his successors; neither shall desire the sº vicar, or his curate, to perform any such office without first paying y” dues to y” Church of Rotherham, and satisfying him, or his curate, over and above the said dues, for their paynes and trouble. In witness whereof wee have hereunto set o' hands this seventeenth day of March Anno Dom. I672–3. Turning for awhile from this old account book, records of the Church from an earlier source next invite our attention. The Churchwardens' Account, which next follows, needs reference to the history of the time, to explain the strange contradictory items which appear in it. In the reign of Edward VI. great and sudden changes took place in reference to religion, and especially in regard to the conducting of religious worship. A royal injunction removed all pictures and images from the churches. An English Book of Common Prayer displaced the Missal and the Breviary, and, in consequence, we find charges in the following account incurred through these changes. But the especial changes and charges thereon, are in consequence of an order having been issued to demolish stone altars, and replace them by wooden tables, and thus also to demolish the doctrine of the Mass. These changes met with great resistance at the time, in some parts of the kingdom. Immediately on the accession of Mary, the new Prayer Book was set aside, and the Mass restored; accordingly, in the same Churchwardens' Account we find, “Paid to the masons for setting up the high altar.” It is only when read in the light of history that such local records are intelligible. Carliegt Cºurtſ;tuarteng’ ºltcounts being in the poggeggion of the ſcoffeeg. The earliest entry in the Old Book of Accounts in possession of the Church is dated 1672. But among the old documents in the possession of the Feoffees, torn, tattered, not easily decipherable, and labelled “Obsolete,” there are much earlier accounts of all the functionaries of the town. The one below given will be seen to be 125 years older than the oldest in the Book of Accounts above mentioned. "I It is also marked by entries of no common interest, no less so, than that one set of Churchwardens’ Accounts, before referred to, contains charges for taking down the high altar, apparently in the fifth year of the reign of Edward VI., and for restoring it in the 1st of Mary I. It is difficult to imagine what “Churchgoing” could be in those periods of antipodal transition. From the items given, it will be seen that the Reformation period required a large outlay, for new Service Books, &c. The first items are of money received for “Beryalls” (usually 3s. 4d. each), which, with the money in Stock, Payments from the four Quarters, and the money received of Robert Swath and Wm. Parker, for “8 score and I 5" and 3 pound bras (1753 lb.) at 32s. cwt., 46s. Iod,” is only “Sum of the holle Rec. for John Snell ſó 2s. 6d.” “Rotherham, Alex. Oke, John Snell, William Parker, and William Cutler, Chirche Wardyns fact. Vicesimo secundo die July a primo E. sexti (I Edward VI., I 547).” 23 3&ntijerijam. Imprimus to John Yole, for mendying of the belles . . 5 It to Harry Laweton, for taking down the yron in the Rode loft and in other places . e º e e e º o e It to the Kynge's vyciters (visitors) clerke, for a byll whiche they had uppon our othes . e e º º º • , . It to Humfrey Barley, foe seweying of the cloth that hynges at the hye alter • g © • • e • e º It. to John Kynder, and an other Clerk, for helping to wryte the book of the Comminyon at Doncaster . º e e ... 2 It to Wm. Symkynson, for 2 quyer paper . . • G → It to Sir William, our Curytes and our Clerk's for their Costes at Doncaster, the tyme of the wrytyng of our Servys (service) bokes 2 It to William Inggram, for the wrytyng of the seid bokes 3 It to John Yole, 22 Decembr, a” tercio E. Sexti . - . IO It, to Ric Birkes, for settyng up of the chyme . I 7 It to Robt. Machon, for the rope for the chyme . It to Wm. Symkynson, for our perrapharus (paraphrase) . I 3 It to Robt. Bate and Thomas Daweson, for helping to take down the hye Aulter stone and other thynges º e tº º It. to Ric. Brodhed and John Welles, for two days and a half day working . º e º e º e e 3 It. to the seid Brodhed, for viii mettes lyme. o º tº ... 2 It. to John Yole, Robt. Sheppard, and other, for taking down the Tabernaykyles • . e e o • 3 It. Thomas Reyvell, for one mette lyme . e . . e It to Thomas Parkyn at the Feast of Easter last past a' Vº E. sexti 6 There were charges for carrying of the Chirche Bokes to Doncaster, Ale when they were packyed, Corde to trusse the said bokes in Is. 6d., and to - Robt. Prouentorye, of Doncaster, for the Carege of all our bokes to Yorke (these would most likely be the Roman Catholic books disused) e º e º & . . º tº 3 It to William Inggram, for wrytyng of the boke of Statutes. It payd to Thomas Parkyn, the 23 of Dec., a sex E sexti . I 3 It. peyd to the meyson, for setyng up of the Alters te 2 It, to Rauf Bayntes, for one day werke and half . © e & It. to Gills Robyson, for ledying of one lode of stone to the Seid: alters º º e t e o & º º e It to Nicholas Inglye, for 3 meytes and 3 peckes of lyme to the alters . e o • • * e © . . º It. to Hugh Clayton, the 11th day of February, a” regni regine Marie primo in wyne Testi, William Parker . e 4. It payd to George Toke, for 2 lode lyme to wheyshe the Church . 9 2. I I 5 4. (Iſiſt (ſtipurch in Čarlu (ſim eg. - I 79 There are two other Church Accounts, with noticeable items—especially, it would appear in this year, great outlay has been made in the roofs of the church, it is headed: - . A mott of whatt charges is layd downe of our church use for the holl towne and parysh for yº yere An. Dom. I 596. :6 s. d. Imprimus for a purse . e e e dº . . © 2 It payd Mr. Wylbore, quarterly, for y” decayed soulgieres 6s. 6d., yº is to say, y” holl yere e . . . e 26 It payd for wyne and wafers, for y” holl yere, as appereth by our boke e ſº g gº tº ſº © . 4. I6 8 It, pd. to Goodman Borgess 14 day work . ſe te 14 It, pd. to Wastnes, glazier, for the hed Rouffe laying downe, and for Sauthier (solder) and Sauthering all the Roufe, bott one baye e • • tº tº 5o It, for a lesse Roufe mending with Sauther • ſº 4 6 It pd. to Thomas Culdain for 3 Irne boultes, 13 crouckes byger and lesse and for plattes and bragges . ſº e 7 It. for bred and alle at the hed roufe taking up . • e IO It, pd. Henry Forthe, for 60 yerdes of bordes for y” Rouffe . 9 6 It, pd. to Robert Ockes, for 32 yerds bordes at 1%d, yerd, and - for 3 planckes ë tº e Q ſº º tº 5 8 More to him for bordes . g ſº • • te g 2 8 It, pd. to William Tryppett, for 6 yds. of half-inch bordes to make Seilinge of . g . . ſº * > gº & I6 It pd. to Nych Carre, for 22 * of naylles of 6d. a *, IIs., and 4.d. in greatt naylles tº © * e e tº II 4. It. pil. to Lyon Keper, for 2 Fox hedds and a cub head . º 2 4. It, pd. Jhon Hagges man, for a foxhead and 7 cubs heads 4. It, pd. to Ryc Kynge, for a cub head . . 4. It pd. to the Comyhioners for nott wearinge of cappes . * I4 4. It, pd. for 2 large red lether skines for y” coveringe of y" bybells, and 2 other serves bouckes 20d., for coveringe them 8d., for claspes to them 18q., all is te e ſe & e & 3 IO It pd. to Rob". Wyghtman, for mending one of the bokkes that is cheyned in the church . • • . * te 8 Item payd to Thomas Ingman's wif for wafferens" . * º I I6oo. Item payd for a yard of whyte sylke, lace, and threed to laye of a surplis for Mr. Jepson, 5* May e gº . . 4. Item payd to Rob'. Pettye wif, for setting one the same and getherhing it in the neck . gº . . . ſº © & 6 Item payd to Rob'. Herring, for 6 score wafferens, II* May. 6 Payd the sayd Rob"., for 3 score more, 16” May . de e 3 [Several other charges for wafferens.] * The sacramental bread is introduced under another Church of England till the last review of the Prayer designation. Wafers, it appears, were used in the Book in 1662. I 8o Rotherham. There seems to have been an unusual jollification costing as under:- Payd the 17" of November, 1600, to 26 ringers to ring the same day at the rate of Iod, the man, 21s. 8d. ; and to Gurrye and Marshall, 20d.; and to Rich. Edmoundes, for Io gallons of ale at 7d, the gallon, 5s. Iod.; and to Bryan Shawe wif, for 4 gallons, 2s. 4d. ; and for bred 45. Iod.; and for 3 " of candles to Rich. Bell, 12d.; and for the supperes of alle the churchwardens, the minister, the clerke, and the bellman, 6s. ; in toto, 45s. 8d. ;6 s. d. Item payd Rob'. Hearing for 13 score wafferens . © º I 3 Item payd the same Robº. for 6 hundred more . e e 3 Item payd Andrew Cleyton, for 8 score and 9 quartes and one pint of wyne, for the Comminiors this yeare, at 6d. q" . 4 4 9 Amongst the noticeable items in the preceding old account, perhaps the most incongruous to appear in churchwardens’ accounts, are the sums paid for fox heads, Cubs' heads, and, in other accounts, the poor harmless hedgehog is included in what would be then exterminated as noxious vermin; the fine paid to the commissioner for not wearing caps is another, which is elsewhere explained. Books, it would appear, were secured in Rotherham Church by chains, as in most other places. In the following account, the receipts and expenditure exhibit a large increase, and the quotas contributed by the four townships or quarters included in the parish are considerable. The repairs of the steeple, including some others, must have been very important, to account for the large amount expended. These now given are but a few of the churchwardens' accounts in the hands of the feoffees, who have had the whole of them carefully transcribed, and the originals, as well as transcripts, well bound. I6 II. Rotherham. The accounts of Willm. Hamerton, Thomas Tailler, Thomas Okes, and Edward Huchanson, churchwardens for the towne aforesaid, concerning the receiptes and disburse- mentes about their office in the yeare abovesaid, given the eight of April, 1612. Rec. of the churchwardens, anno 16 Io, viz":— #, S. d Leonard Rigg, Leonard Walton, at vpon their account . 3 9 5% Item received for burialles in the church during their office, viz., of Henry Tailler, for Elizabeth his wife . 3 4. Willm. Hoile, for Edmond his father 3 4. John Benson, for his wife e 3 4. Widowe Cawthorne, for her housband . & º & 3 4. Dorothy Woodrove . º o º e e t e 2O Thomas Tailler, for Ellen his daughter º © º & 2O Mr. Malym, for his sonne . e fa * & & º 2O # £4 7 9 (ſiſt (ºffurtſ, in Çaríg (Times. I 8 I S. d. Item receaved of the churchwardens of the parish, for their part of the said assessment , tº . . e . 25 o o Sum receaved vpon the assessment for the town of Rotherham, made 18 March, 1611 . & e ge & g . 22 I 8 o Vltra I7S. 3d vnreceaved, and remitted, as appeareth by the partic . . g & tº & © • . ſ.47 IS Summa totalis receptorum, A52 5s. 9%d. O They have paid and disbursed about the reparacions and poynting of the steple and pinacles, viz., to #, S. d. Godfrey Britland, for workmanship . gº & . . IO O O And to John Pittes, for workmanship . . . . gº . 7 o 6 Item to labourers, for ther worke about the same . º 7 4. Item for lyme, and fetching the same at Warsop . . . 18 7 Item for malt, to make liquor . & & g º “p 5I Item for coales, and fetching g & ſº tº 3 6 Item for glue, shels, haire, eggs, size, allom, and lynseed oile, vsed about the worke . & tº gº tº e & 9 4 Item for stone, for pinacles, and carriage therof . © * 23 2 Item for iron, lead, and for making of claspes, hookes, and other necessaries about the 4 pinacles and wether cock . 52 2 Item to workfolkes and assistantes about the said workes, at severall tymes, in bread and drinke - * 7 2 Item given to workemen who came to take the worke 6 8 Item to Morton, for his iudgment in the worke finished. gº 2 8 Item to John Pittes, for setting vp the last pinacle, and for - necessaries about the same tº tº & • & 27 Io This must have been a large outlay at that period, and at the rate of wages, &c., equivalent to A. I 50 at the present day. For reparacions of the Leades:— # s. d. Imprimis to John Burgan and his man, for 4 daies worke . 8 8. Item for 38 yardes board . g gº &x º 9 6 Item to Thomas Dickenson, for sawthering y” leades . g: IC 4. Item to him for helping Burgan . . g º * se I 2 Item to Lewis West, for a piece of tymber for the same. 6 8 To Vinc Harvey, for 3° nails . & & º * & 2 2. To John Pittes, for soldening the leades ſº & g fº I5 To Leo Watson, for I sto 9 po di of lead . © • . 2 6 To Vincent Harvey, for amending the clock, seape, &c. 8 Item more to him, for amending the lock of the church dore . 2. For a load of coles tº • e it, tº ge 4. Item paid to John Burgan the elder, his standing wages . & I3 4 Item for hewing the espe for bushes for the belles . tº: § 2 4. # 330th crijam, Item for amending the great belle, and fourth bell wheeles Item for nailes o tº © tº Item paid to Geo. Steele, for leading the Espe Item for sawing the Espe . e tº & Item paid for ringing on St. James daie, I6 II Item paid for a lanterne for Robert Gurry . tº tº ſº Item paid for ringing at the Byshopps being at Rotherham . Item to Robert Gurry, for grease for the belles, oile for the clock and chyme, and for washing his surplus 3. Item to Robert Gurry, for putting to 2 clock ropes Item for washing Mr. Jopson's surplus, and mending it . Item for washing Mr. Smith's surplus, the Communion table cloth, and font clothe * g ſº º e ge Item to Mr. Smith and Robert Gurry, for writing the Register booke * Ç g º Item for engrossing the same into parchment, to be sent to Yorke • Q e Item spent at Registring, 6 Oct. . Item more, 4 August . Item more, 5 Sept. Item more, I January. Item more, 2 March . Item more, I 9 April . ſº • e & . . . . Item paid to Richard Bell, for 6 po candles for the morning praier . . { } º o e te tº * g Item to Widowe Slack more for Io pound of candles, for Robert Gurry, for the vse of the church e Item paid at the Archdeacon's visitacions, for putting in our billes, and other charges, Anno 16II And more for Articles and fees . * tº Item bestowed on Mr. Ward when he preached Item paid to Mr. Collier, a preacher . & e tº tº Item paid to Henry Tailler, for writing the covenants and bonds between vs and the workmen about the poynting of the steiples ! * e * > tº * e Item given to Richard Gorton, a lame man, licensed . sº Item to Wm. Atkyson and Anne Skatcher, who had losse by fire, I2 May . e g . . º . . e Item to John Frier, 19 May, 16II, who had losse by fire as appeared by his lettres patents . ſe © te . . Item to Wm. Maxwell, 26 May, I6 II, who had a passe to Buxton . de º tº $ ſº wº * tº gº Item to Thomas Beaumont the same daie, who had a license under 4. Justices’ handes . º & tº sº te Item to John Tailler, of Silby, in Leicestershire, 2 Janij, who had losse by Suretyship e o & e Item to a lame boye who had a passe to London the same daie 2 : I3 IO 22 18 I6 I 2 I6 2O 2O 22 23 I 2 The Church in Čarly Times. Item to Mary Chambers licensed to goe to Bradford 19 July . Item given to Francis Owen, of Barneby Dun, sent by S. Robert Swifte, who had losse by fire 27 July Item to James Hambleton, 28 July, having a licence from Scotland to passe to Bathe e tº e • e. tº Item to Thomas Grey and Wm. Richardson, Io Aug., who had losse by sea º © e º e © . . Item given to James Beckingham, of Nottingham, 11 November, who had losse by fire cº tº º e ge {º º Item to Wm. Bradehead, of Cantley, 17 November, who had losse by Sueryshipp and other casuelities tº de Item to the deputies of Christofer Jorse, 8 Dec., having lettres patents, showing loss by fire and other waies . g e Item to the Porter of Hembrough, 31 December, who had losse by fire . te e & tº & tº { } g Item to Richard pallister, of Montgomery, 31 Jan., who had losse by fire ſº . . . ſº © & Item to Henry Thonell and George Crofte, licenced to travaile to their freindes e g g tº g & * Item to William Edger, who brought the Kinge's broad seale. Item to John Harrop, who had losse by fire vpon the Lord Archbishop and Lord President of York, 23 Aprilis, 1612 . Item to Francis Sayton, for a claspe for the great ladder Item to Ralphe Gurry, for helping to dresse the Registry Item paid for a shovell, for the vse of the church & Item paid to Georg Carden, for three fox heades killed . Item paid to Robert White, for 2 vrchens' heades (urches, hedgehogs)” © ſº º e * e tº Item paid at Cunisbrough, where we was called before the Justices there 17 October, for articles and other charges Item paid to Mr. Gervase Norvile and George Greere, the highe constables at the 4 quarter sessions, for lame souldiers, and to the house of correction, as appeareth by 8 severall quittances by equall porcions, with 16d. for the acquittances Item paid to Tho. Ealand to paie for two fox cubb heades in Kimberworth Lordship . º o º e ſº wº Item paid for bread for the common table for the whole year . Item paid unto Fra Dickenson, upon his bill for wyne for the whole year, as thereby appeareth Item for amending the great bell stringe Item for a small chyme rope Item for 5 paire of Eckes . Item for a clockcorde . tº & Item for ending of the great belle stringe Item for the clocke greate corde * They were erroneously supposed to draw milk from cows. . : % I 2 I 2 I8 I84. $otherham. S d. Item for a stringe for the fourth bell #, 6 6 Item for a stringe for the seconde bell 5 4 Item for ending of the great bell string 2 8 Item for piecing of the fourth bell string 2 4 Item more for 5 paires of Eckes . & e e * tº 6 6 Item paid at the Archdeacon's visitacions Ano. 1612, for articles and other charges about their office . g e & & 3 Item paid for the dyners of the churchwardens, and other ordinary expences, the same daie . º º & º 2O 4} Item paid to Edward Huchanson for scouring the flaggon, washing the cup cloth, &c. g - 3 Item for ringing the 5” of November . º g & sº I7 4 Item paid for writing the Assessment booke and our Accounts. 2 6 Summa total paid £50 17s. 7d. And so is due to them to be paid of their receipts aforesaid . 28 24 Pro Md. That 8s. 8d. is due by the Churchwardens of the Parish to allowe the Towne next year 1612. Md. That the eight daie of May, 1612, the account before written in this booke was heard, tried, and allowed within the parish Church of Rotherham, by the inhabitants of y” towne and parish there assembled, according to warning in that behalf given the Sonday last before in the Church publicly, and the sume of 28s. 23d, remaying due upon the said account was by the same Churchwardens paid over vnto William Ingle, Antho Ellis, and Thomas Armfield, Churchwardens for the yeare 1612 ensuing, in the presence of sº Md. That the same daie the sume of 8s. 8d. first above written was also presently paid to the new Churchwardens. - Receaved by me, Wm. Ingle, this present eight day of May ano domino 1612, the sume of thirty-six shillings tenpence halfpeny. By me WILLIAM INGLE. THo X ARMFIELD, ANTHo Ellis, RoBT R OKES, LEwis WEST, THo BRow N, . GEORGE DURANT. LEO RIGG, i LEONARD WATTON, THo BRoDBENT, RoB" R SwiFTE, Churchwardens' Accompts in the possession of the Feoffees end here, and, preceded by a curious document from the Bodleian Library, are followed by extracts from the old well-kept Book of Accounts, in the possession of the Churchwardens, from which miscellaneous extracts have been already given. Oſije (Tijutti, in Čarlu (ſimtg. 185 The following extracts are taken from eight volumes in the Bodleian Library, which strange to say do not bear any title. But in the great volume in which the librarian keeps a register of gifts that have been made to the library, these eight volumes are described as “A Register of the Augmentation of Vicaridges, &c., from the year 1645 to the year 1652, with several Resolves thereupon.” These extracts show the provision that was made for an assistant minister at Rotherham, from 1646 to 1650. His stipend was to be paid from two sources; first, from the estate of the “delinquent,” Francis Stringer; second, from the revenues of the Prebend of Southwell, in Rawmarsh. The committee who gave orders for this in 1646 and 1648, must have been the Committee for the Sequestration of the “Delinquents’.” Estates, perhaps for the county. Committees were appointed for this purpose under an Ordinance of Parliament, of 31 March, 1643. Thereon, 30 April, 1649, came the Ordinance which abolished Deans, Chapters, Prebends, &c., and ordered the transfer of their lands into the hands of certain trustees, for the use of the Parliament; but it was provided that the revenues or allowances out of such lands to Grammar Schools, Churches, &c., were not to be touched, but to be continued to them. According to the third Bodleian extract, the sum formerly ordered to be paid out of the Prebend of Southwell Estates, by the Committee for Sequestered Estates, is now ordered to be paid by the Trustees and Treasurers for the sale of Deans and Chapters’ lands, thus continuing it. The fourth extract shews that there had been some confusion in the powers of the two authorities over the condemned lands, as the order to pay a rent had been issued twice. Rotheram, 15° April, 1646.” Resolued, y' yº yearely summe of six and forty pounds bee payd out of such tythes of y” impropriate Rectory of Rotherham, w” lately belonged to francis Stringer, gent, delinquent, for yº maintenance of an assistant minister, to preache in y” Churche of Rotherham aforesaid, ye sayd parish consisting of about 3000 communicants, and y” minister's maintenance being but yº stipend of 30" 15° 4°. And y' 30" per annum more bee payd out of y” profitts and reuenues of y" Prebend of Southwell, w” lye within yº parishe of Rawmarshe, for y” maintenance of y” said minister, who shall officiate in y” said Churche, and Chapell annexed therevnto. And y' it bee, &c. Rotheram and Rawmarsh, Sept. 26, 1648.” Whereas this Co" have, by order of y" 1.5” of Aprill, 1646, grº" the severall summes of 46" out of such tythes of the impropriate Reory of Rotheram, sequestred from francis Stringer, delq", and of 30" I3' 4" out of the profitts and revennues of y” Prebend of Southwell, w” ly in y” parishe of Rawmarshe, in the County of Yorke, for y” maintenance of an Assistant minister, to preach in the church of Rotheram aforesaid, and chappell annexed there unto, and the sequestrato” of the premises were required to pay the same accordingly, at such times and seasons of the yeare as the same shall become due and payable. Jt is ordered that the respective summes of 46" and 30" 13° 4" afores", be by ye Tennant or Tennants of y" p"mises for the time beinge of Rotheram aforesaid, * Bodleian MS. 322, fo. 241. * Ibid., 325. 24. 186 33 otherijam. for y” maintenance of such minister or ministers as shalbe for the time beinge Assistant, as aforesaid. And all seq" and other persons y' have heretofore intermedled in the premisses, are hereby enioyned to desist. And all Tennants for the time beinge, and all other persons therein concerned, are to yield obedience hereunto. Rotheram, Octob". 3, 1649.” Where as the Committee have, by order of the 15° of Aprill, 1646, assigned inter aliis thirty pounds a yeare out of y” profitts and Revenues of y" prebend of Southweale, lying within y” gift of Raumarsh, in y” County of Yorke, for and towards the maintenance of the Minister yº should officiate in y” parish Church of Rotheram, in y” said County, and Chappells annexed thereto. Jt is ordered that y” trustees for sale of Deane and Chapters lands doe, and they are hereby desired to, issue their warrants to y” treasurers for sale of Deane and Chapters Lands forthwith, to pay vnto Mr. Luke Clayton, minister of y” said church, or vnto Mr. Edward Parkes, to his vse, the summe of twelue pounds two shillings six pence, to him due hitherto from Whitsuntide last past, and to continue the payment of the said thirty pounds a yeare from henceforth vnto y” said Mr. Clayton, or his assignes, at such times and seasons of y” yeare as the said profitts shal become payable. - Rotheram, March 29*, 1650.” Whereas the Committee have, the 15" of Aprill, 1646, graunted inter alias the yearely summe of Thirty pounds thirteene shillings and four pence, out of the profitts and revenues of the Prebends of Southwell, which lye in the parish of Rawmarsh, in the County of Yorke, for the maintenance of an assistant minister, to preach in the Church of Rotheram, in the said County. And a Petiticon is now preferred in the name of Thomas Cowper, John Disson, Edward Wagstaffe, Godfry Brooke, Richard Clarke, Thomas Clarke, and Richard Dodson, Tenants of the Possessions of the said prebends of Southwell, within the said parish of Rawmarsh, alledging that William Bell and Richard Stanyforth, Churchwardens, of Rawmarsh aforesaid, did, vpon pretence of the said order, distraine the goods for fifteene pounds six shillings eight pence, due for one halfe yeare's rent of the Premises at Whitsuntide last, which said rent the Petitioners complain is againe required by the receiuer of the Trustee for sale of Deane and Chapter's Lands. Jt is ordered that the said Trustees doe and they are desired to examine whether any such distresse were made as aforesaid, and to giue order to their receiuer to forbeare any second demaund of such monies as have ben paid by vertue of the aforesaid distresse, that so the Petitioners may not be inforced to pay the same rent twice. * Bodleian MS., 326. * Ibid., 327. Qſìje (thurch in Çarlg (Times. Cºurtſ;tuarteng’ 3rtountg From their Old Account Book in the Church. The Accompts of Robert Broadbeent, John Chadwicke, William Broadhead, and John Eaton, Churchwardens for the towne of Rotherham for the year last past, taken the three and twentieth day of August, in the four and twentieth yeare of the reigne of Our Soveraigne Lord, King Charles the second over England, &c., Anno Domine 1672, as follows:— - #, These Accomptants Charge is by Money received upon the Assessment booke . © © º . . © . I 7 And by money received of the parish Churchwardens . . I 8 And by money received for the Dyall . & g º . OO Summe . º ſ 35 And their Discharge is by Disbursements as followeth:— A. To Robert Broadbent, for one strooke of haire for the Vicaridge in the time of the last p’ceding Churchwardens . oo To Nicholas Clarke, for glasse for the Vicaridge . Q , OO To Willm. Awstwick, for Woode and Latts for do. e . OO To Edward Leadbeater, for the same . e © º . OO To Anthony Bright, for the same <> & º º To Mr. Staniforth, for Boards and for the same . º . O3 To George Burgon, wº should have been paid by the last Churchwardens . g g º g e c . O2 For two halfe yeares to Yorke Castle prisoners . º - OO For four quarter payments for lame souldiers & º . O4. Six acquittances © º e © & OO For going foure times to Slade Hooton tº tº º . OO For bread and wine for y” Communion º tº º . O6 To Mr. Farnsworth, for Clocke and Chymes, washing Surplice, copying the Register, &c. g º o e º ... O I To Nicholas Clarke, for Windows, &c. O I To John Burgon, for mending the Clock till Easter next . oo To Nath’ Dyson, for pointing y” Battlements and Collering the Leads, &c. . • tº º e tº gº tºy . O2 To Antho: Bright about the bells, 5 November . e . OO To Willm. Henne about the Bells, Clocke, and Chymes . OI To Edward Shent about the Leads . . c º . O2 To Richard Scholey, for 15 lbs. of Candles and Grease . • OO For oyle for dressing the Bells . tº º • - . OO For Bell ekes and roapes . º • • tº sº ... O I To George Stones about the Clocke . * c © . OO S. II OO O8 I9 O2 II I 5 O3 O3 IO O3 O6 O I O4. O I O8 IO O6 O6 I2. I8 I9 o? O2 O4. o'7 d. OO OO OO OO O9 O5 OO O4. OO II OO O8 O8 OO OO IO O8 O4. O4. OO O4. OO O6 O4. o'7 I 88 330th crijam. For two pewther trencher plates . º > wº º º o: For wringing 5* November e * © º o . OI For two prayer-books for the fast º º º © . OO For Clocke Weights, Feby. Io . º * © tº . OO For lyme and haire . e º º e º o . OO For Swine's Grease, and Oyle . • . e . . OO For delivering in y” Presentments . . Q º . OO Charges at y” Corrections . º º o e º . OO For ale when Mr. Farnsworth was at Vicaridge . o . OO To John Cawthorne, for ringing 29* May . º º . OO For a book of articles . tº o © * Q e . OO For ale when Mr. Kent was at Vicaridge . º . . . OO For the Surplice mending . ſº e e o e . OO To Lyonell Abson, for bond leather for y” Bells . {- . OO To George Carr, for two Assessm" Books . e e . OO For charges at the Visitations I67I . º © o . OO For the oath at entering . e º e º º . OO For Charges at the Visitations 167 e º . . OO Rest due to Thomas Kent and his partners the last p’ceding Churchwardens, at the foot of their Accompts, to be paid by these Accomptants . te e OO For Three Stone and twelve pound of Lead . º & , OO To George Stones, for Charges when he mended the Clock . Oo 36 Total is . . 37 And by arrears of Assessment allowed . & © º . OO £37 So there remaineth due to these Accomptants the sum of £or 19s. Accompt” as to these Accompts are for ever discharged. S. d. O4. OO O6 O8 OI OO O2 OO O6 O8 O I O2 O2 OO oz oé OO O4. O5 OO O I OO OO O9 OI O3 OO OS O2 OO O4. OO O2 O8 O9 OO I2 O6 o; OS O I OO os oo II oš O6 O6 I8 O2 O2d., and the In the p'sense of Lyonel Copley, Esq., Charles Tooker, Jonathan Staniforth, Willm. Langley, John Mahon, and several others then and there present. This full year's account of the churchwardens, and in their own book, the earliest one entered, will suffice to show the nature of the items of which they consist, to which will be now added any remarkable item or entry which may appear in the succeeding accounts, in connection with any celebration, or extraordinary outlay, required for or from the church. 1674. #, Jan. To the Ringers, upon proclamation of peace betwixt us and the Dutch e e e For Ale, when Mr. Tompson preached º S. d. 6 8 6 Qſìje Čijurch in Čarlu Cimeš. 189 1675. :6 S. d. To Thomas Cutt, for mossing the pent-house over the round Stone," being 2 days, as appears by his acquittance 2 4 To him more for mosse and slate . o e -> e e 3 IO To William Cutforthay, for 25 stone and a half of Lead, for crampings, at 184 pr. Stone, as by his acquittance appears 2 2 6 For 14 horse-load of lyme . . . . . . I4. For 3 Sackes of Mault, for Liquor to mix with Lyme” . 3 O O 1676. There seems to have been a large outlay this year, especially in lead. April 2. To Mr. Wilson, of Sheffield, for Cloth for a surplice, as appears by acquittance . º & e º e 2 O For making the surplice . e gº 5 30°. For Ale when Mr. Fenton preached 6 May 20. For a Q'ter mault, for the Lyme º º I I6 Oct. 2. For a mett of mault for the Lyme . º º º 4. June 18. For Mault, brewed for the lyme for collaring the Leads o ſº s & . . & º II 6 Aug. II. For a mett of Mault, and brewing it, for collaring y° windows . º © g e º tº e e 2 IO Dec. For 2 pecks of Malt, for Lyme for collaring the windows I 2 Jan'. For charges at Doncaster Sessions, being summoned by a warrant to make complaint of Popish recusants . I 6 1677. May. For Sack and Ale severall times, for strange ministers when they preached. © e e & e e e 6 There are yearly charges for Lame Soldiers' money; to the Chiefe Constable, and for prisoners in the King's Bench, and for prisoners in Yorke Castle; for acquittances, and for going to Conisbro' to pay the money . º I6 For going to the Corrections or Visitations at Doncaster Sep". 30. To Mrs. Watson, for 8 quarts of wine for the Sacrament 8 * Or Font. “According to the Rubric, “the god- little, small fonts,” &c. — Wheat/ey’s “Common fathers and godmothers, with the children, must be ready at the font,” so called, I suppose, because baptism at the beginning of Christianity was performed in springs or fountains. They were first built near the church, then in the church-ſorch, and afterwards, as now is, in the church itself, but still keeping the lower end, to intimate that baptism is the entrance into the mystical Church * * * in the primitive times they were large, &c., for immersion. But immersion being now generally discontinued, they have shrunk into Prayer.” We see hereby why a pent-house was erected, and had to be kept in repair over the font, placed at what is now called the Round Stone door. * The mixing of the lime with malt liquor seems to have been a regular practice in ancient church and college building and repairs, and to have made the joint as difficult to Sunder as the solid stone or brick with which it united. I 90 38 otherijam. There are frequent charges on account of the clock and chimes, bell-ropes, Swine's grease, and bell-ekes. Bell-ekes are additional short lengths, spliced to the bell-ropes, for extra ringers. I678. - ;6 d. Feb. 8. To John Tim for vellum to make a Table of the pious benefact” of the Church and towne . © º g 2 O For Sacke and Ale several times, for strange ministers when they preached . º º e & º e º . I 9 O A good deal of work was done this year, in July and August, 68 days' work being charged, followed by - Aug. 11. Given in Ale to the Workmen and Labourers, when y” first pinnacle was sett upp º o º e And again at the end of Aug", when another was set up. For Sacke and Ale, for 22 strange ministers when they preached 1 13 O I682. - £ S. d May. Pd. Mr. Darwent, for new ingrossing y” remembrances t of the Benefactions to Rotherham . . * © e 6 8 For Bread, Ale, and Spices, at the procession . . . I IO II Oct. 7. Paid John Richardson, for 9 days’ pointing about y” church . © © ſº © Q o © ſº . . . 8 9 For 9 Gallons of Liquor, at 9d per Gallon, for mixing with y” lime . © o g • * & & º º 6 9 Paid Nicho: Clark, for 22 Dozen and II Quarrys iº & I9 9 Paid Martin Coply, 34 Doz. and II Quarry of Glass . . I 9 O Paid Mr. Marriott, for Lead tº II 8 O Paid Mr. Flint, for wine for 8 sacraments . º te . 6 o o A great portion of the entries in the two preceding years are for Sack and Ale, when ministers who are named, preached; the charge is Is. 6d. On each Occasion. - 1683. S. d. * Paid att the procession for Ale, which Mr. Moorhouse and we severall p’sons drunke at the Moot Hall . º * e 6 6 Paid to Mr. Sorsby, for tobacco and pipes . e te e 8 Paid Rich. Scoley, for cheese [...) . ſº tº ſe & 2 Io Paid Wm. Kay, for 2 dossen of Bread . º . e º 2 Our charges at the Visitations º te º - e . I I 2 O 1684. Paid att the Visitations, for the Wiccar's and Churchwardens' Dinners and drinke . º & º . . g . I T 2 O Qſìje (thurch in Çarlu (ſim eg. I 91 The Churchwardens now charge more beseeming the dignity of their office. In 1672, the charge was 93.; 1673, 4s. ; 1674, 16s. ; 1677, 12s. ; next, eight churchwardens' dinners, 16s. ; as above, this charge is doubled. - The wages charged for the work about the church advanced during the ten years, from Is. and Is. 2d. a day to Is. 6d. The receipts and disbursements also correspondingly increased, from receipts, 1672, ſ. 35 195., disbursements, ſ.37 18s. 2d.; to receipts in 1683, ſ. 57 I 53. I I d., and disbursements, ſ 53 7s. I Iłd. In this year there is sack and ale at Is. 6d. each for thirteen ministers. But in addition to the revenue of the church raised by a church “ley” on Rotherham and the four out-quarters as above, the churchwardens of Rotherham seem to have a revenue from rents, amounting to from ſ 17 to ſ 27 a year, and which is given in clothing and other kinds of assistance to the poor. It may perhaps be as well to say that the year of our Lord given in these accounts, is when they are passed by the town's meeting, and they relate to the expenditure of previous years. - 1685. Paid Sam: Rose for beautifying the Church, drawing the King's S. d. Arms, and repayring severall decayed places, by acquittance 23 o o Paid Mr. Sorsby for Ticking for the King's Arms e . I 2 O For stitching and making the same o e º º © 2 O Paid James Ostwithe for the frame for the King's Arms. º I I5 O Paid at Coffee house when Captain Gill sent for Rich: Hirst about the Bells º & © º & & e o O 8 There are many entries this year respecting the bells, in which a Dr. Elmhirst, who resided at a distance, and others seem to have been concerned. Paid Wm. Sayles for fetching down the weights from Moor- 36 s. d. gate, to wegh the Bells, and given in ale . o * o 3 6 Spent at severall times treating Peter Vinting and John Burgon, about hinging the Bells . © o I4. O Likewise with John Stainland and his brother, and other work- men about the same . tº 8 July 26. Paid the Ringers on the day of Thanksgiving, for defeating [sic] the late Rebellion 7 I686. June 4. Given the Ringers prolaiming men Traytors . º 3 June 6. For 3o Gallons of Liquor, to Thomas Wharton, to mix w” Lime . º ge © tº iº © e . I 5 o For 21 Gallons more, to Thomas Wharton, att Iod. per Gall.. I7 3 * 1687. For a long Gurr (?) Ladder bought at Hull, and bringing to Rotherham . © e o º © º e o I 5 Paid Willm. Pashley for thorns to p'serve the young plants at the Back-side the church . º e e d so º 4. I 92 330th crijam. I688. S. d. Jan. 29. Paid the Ringers that day, being the Queen's account #, 6 8 Feb. 6. Paid the Ringers that day, being the King's Proclama- tion day © e #3 tº e g © o e 6 17". Paid Ralp Butterworth for mossing and slating the pentise over the round stone . e ſº Q º º 2 6 Paid Tho: Nicholson for Lime . º tº º • • I 3 Apr. 28. Same day paid William Cutfortha for the west window, and severall other things done about the Church . 9 5 6 June 1. Paid Tho: Rushby for goeing to Yorke with answer to a Sitacon about Sº John Reresby seat . o & º 5 6 Paid the Ringers when wee heard the Prince Wales borne . 6 o Feb. 14. Given to the Ringers when wee heard the Prince of Orange wasse comed into England . tº º º º 6 8 27. Paid the Ringers when the King was proclaime & g 6 8 More in Ale, at Cutfortha's. 1689. Paid for ringing at the birth of the Duke of Gloucester . . 5 I690. Mem. That I day of Aug., 1690, at a generall meeting, &c., a Willm. Smithson shall be exempt from bearing any office in consideration of what he has given to a new clock, &c. I69I-2. There are few particulars, yet several heavy payments, one of £35 19s. 4d., another of £48 Io.ſ. Od, but no account of what the Bills, as per acquittance, are for. # S. d. For one great Flaggon tº * tº * © Q. & 8 O And the first charge of later years of the same kind follows. P" for 2 Foxes killing. sº º g º & e º 2 I696. Dec. 15. P' for ringing when King W* came from Flanders . 6 Mr. Boulton, for Wine per Aquit: e - e . 8 19 2 P" John Cawthorne, for Towling y” Queen's funarall day o 3 Mr. Firth, Mr. Raper, Mr. Brown, Mr. Powell, Mr. Adams, Mr. Houlds- worth, Mr. Ross are named as preachers during the year, for whom sack and ale are provided. I697. # S. d. Paid yº ringers when Nemur was taken e e e ' s 6 8 For ringing on the King's return from Flanders © º 6 8 For Lickquor for laying Lime in steep for y” Church at Iod. y” Gallon º g i 2 5 O Ale for Mr. Jessop, Mr. Pickering, Mr. Stevenson, and Mr. Holdsworth (ministers) . o º º • e º 6 Qſìje (Tijurch in Çarlg (Timrå. I 93 1698 Opens with a formidable List of Ministers who preached, and who are treated, at Is. 6d. each, to the number of twenty-six; amongst the number is one from Harthill, one from Sheffield, and one from Todwick. There is a regular charge throughout the accounts of 8d. to Is. for rearing “y” Great Ladder.” It was of a ponderous size. Mr. Boulton, for wine as per acquittance tº gº & g These Accountants charge themselves with moneys recº from the Towne And from the Parish Churchwardens And discharge themselves by disbursem" P" Mr. Moor, for drawing a petition to my Lord about Rotherham Liveing e º Oct. 5. For Ringing for tidings of peace e Nov. 8. P'y” ringers when Peace was proclaimed . Dec. 2. Pºy" Ringers on y” day of Public thanksgiving. Spent when Mr. Walker was chosen Lecturer tº There are 25 charges for treating ministers this year. Paid Mr. Walker for preaching I699. Feby. 25. Pº for 6 quarts of Wine for y” Sacram" and a pint of Sack . & e & tº tº tº e ſº e And a pint and half for Mr. Adams which he sent for Mar. 26. Five qts. Wine and a pint of Sack for y” Sacram" I7OO. Nine ministers’ names who preached, at Is. 6d. each, and laid downe for Ale for ten ministers more Paid y” Court for 3 women that did pennance Paid for treating y” Bisshop . I7OI. Paid for 28 ministers - I7O2. #, II 54 54 IO8 . IO4. S. II I5 II I 5 7 I 9 d. O : Of the twenty-one ministers this year, not before named, were Mr. Banes, Mr. Withers, Mr. Newsum, Mr. Kirkby, Mr. Leich, Mr. Clarke. I7O3. There are thirty-four different ministers officiating at the church in four years, and who must have been resident in the neighbourhood. Aug. 22. Paid y” Ringers, for the news of taking Vigoe Paid for a surplice mending, and new Holland A. : d. 8 25 I94 330th crijam. I7O4. - :6 S. d. The Accountants charge themselves with º º o . 91 9 7 And discharge themselves by º e º g * > . 8 I 14 3} Which said sume is this day ordered to bee paid to Mr. Cooper, as a Gratuity, given from yº Inhabitants of y” parish for two years last past, for assisting at y' Church of Rotherham, which when paid, these Accountants as to these accº are for ever discharged. RoBERT DARwenT, John BoulTon, PHILE PARKE, JoHN MANDEVILL, Rob" Swallow, BENJ" BoomER, W* LANGLEY, GILB" HAMMERTON, RICH* ODDYE, RICHP OFFExton, THOMAS PARKE, * Jo KAY, JoHN CLARKE, T Coop ER. There is something unusually liberal in this gift by the parish. # S. d. 2. 6 Ale, the first time the great Bell was rung Disbursements aboute y” great Bell: April 24. Ale when agreed for casting y” Great Bell Ale, when writings was sealed º g By order Mr. Smith, horse and selfe Ale, when discoursed about hanging y” Bells . Ale, at y” agreeing to carry y” Bell Ale and wages, at y” taking down y” Bell Spent at Doncaster aboute y” Water Carriage. 4 poles, at 9%d, a pole. . . . Ale, at y” agreement for hanging y” Bell Paid Mr. Cooper, Water Carriage º Wm. Cussen and I, spent at receiving y” Bell. Paid 9 men, for loading y” Bell Ale, at the same time . - º © Paid Land Carriage and Toll, for y” Bell D. Elmhurst, Gratuity º º 3 days' meat y” d” and Company . Ale and Brandy . o His horse-hay and corn I ! I- 6 I 8 4. Dr. Elmhurst seems to have been an indispensible but somewhat expensive person on these occasions. ;6 S. d. Paid Mr. Smith's Bills. . º * * a & . 33 8 Io Other charges make up the cost to . . . . . 59 12 II? Rec" for 20lb. Chipings . e º º º º º I6 8 Which sum of 16s. 8d. being deducted from y” £50 12s. II*d, yº total charge of y" Bells is • º 49 16 3% Qſìje (Tijutti, in (gatſu Çimeg. I 95 This account is given in some detail, to show the importance of the event in sº itself at the period, and the somewhat considerable stimulation necessary to its being successfully accomplished. I7o 5. Paid yº Ringers, for y” Victory at Danawart . º Paid y” Ringers, for y” Victory at Hochlet . tº & 8 March. Paid y” Ringers on y” Queen's accession to y” Crown : Goods belonging to y Parish Church of Rotherham, 7 june, 1705. Two Silver Communion cups, and one silver cover. Four large pewter Flaggons. Two little pewter Flaggons. Two pewter Salvers. Two pewter Plates. One pewter chamber pott. Two Surplices. One pulpit Cushion. One large Church Bible. Two Large Comon prayer Bookes. One psalms Book. One Green cloth carpett. One Damask Table Cloth. Two Holland Napkins. One long Ladder, which reacheth y” top of y” body of y" church. Three other Ladders. Six long Forms. Four and twenty Leather Buckets. Three new long Ling Basses. A Large Cable Rope. A Water Kett. One Iron grate. Two Byers. Eight round Basses in y” Churchwarden's Seat. Boxes to collect Briefes with. A large pully head at John Cawthornes. Two Silver Salvers given by D. Malim. A large long Brush to cleanse the Church Windows and Walls from dust. º S. d. 23 Aug". Paid yº Ringers for four successes when y” Duke of Marlbrough forced y” French Lines . e º * º 7 6 g 1706. The first charge as usual is, P" y” charge at y” precession e g I O Iſ I P" for the Turk's head Brush and Carriage from London to sweep yº Church Windows . & & gº § º 3 I96 $ntiſtrijam. # S. d. Paid for Ale and Wine when y Bpp. of Carlisle preached º 8 3 Paid John Taylor, for hanging y” Ten Commandments . tº 2 Paid Rich: Oddy, for iron for hanging y” Creed and Lord's Prayer . e • • tº • • •º $º te I 5 Paid Matthew Goodall y” like for the Ten Commandm" wº I IO I707. Spent at the Perambulation (the first time so called) . gº I8 Paid yº Ringers for Thanksgiving for y” Union . g * 6 8 Mem. That whereas the Vickar hath laid out £2 12s. 4d. for repares to the Vickarige, but the town being in debt cannot remburs him, but are willing, when out of debt, to give the Vickar so much ass a Gratuity, if the rest of the town and parish agree to it, else not. s, d. P" for attending a Commission about Church liveings, two of us at Sheafield º e g e & e * © 4 O I709. No particulars given. Mem. That whereas in the p’cedent accounts of the Churchwardens of Rotherham the parish paid £16 6s. 9d, more y” the Towne, and severall of the Inhabitants of y” parish then appeared and insisted that the Inhabitants of the Towne ought, and have beene accustomed to pay one equal moytye or halfe pte of the charges of Repairs of the parish Church of Rotherham, and the four Quarters of the parish the other halfe parte or moytye. Now it is mutually agreed by the Inhabitants of the said Towne and parish that the said precedent account shall not for the future be any p’cedent to be made use of for allowing the old way of assessing, but that for the future the Towne shall pay one halfe, and the four Quarters of the parish the other halfe, and that the parish shall pay one halfe of the Á6 13s. 9d, given yearly as a Gratuity to the Vicar of Rotherham. Witness our hands this twenty-third day of August, 17 II. CHA. BLAKE, SETH SCHOLEY, ~ MATTHEw CUNDALL, RICHARD WILDSMITH, - his > Churchwardens. GEORGE X, FRETWELL, Josph. RADLEY, his FRAN X. PHESANT, THo. RAMSDEN, – I7 I2. # S. d For treating my lord Archbishoppe York, &c. 24 O O For making the Vicar Master of Arts I 6 I7 I4. Paid the Ringers when the peace was proclaimed . & & I 5 IO Qſìjt (Tijutti, in Čarlg (Time;. - I97 I7 I 5. S. d. The accounts charge themselves with money rec" on the Assessment Book . • * e o o º . 45 I6 O} And with Money Rec" of the four Quarters of the parish at £II 95. Od, per quarter . . . . . . . 45 16 O - 9 I I2 Oł And discharge themselves by Disbursem" . • e . 82 9 3 Paid the Ringers when the King came to London . e & 6 8 Paid the Ringers on the Coronnation day . • • * IO Paid the Clockmaker coming from Gainsbro' e I2 6 1716. Paid the Ringers for news from Preston e e & Q 6 8 Paid the Ringers for the battle of Dunblane © º ſº IO 5% Paid the post for an Excumication returning e e 3 Paid the Ringers when the Earl of Mar quitted Scotland 5 Paid Sam' Parsison for three new Pinakels 3 2 6 Paid the Ringers when my Lord Bishop was here . I O O 1717. The charges for treatment of ministers have dwindled away; there were only four last year, and one this. 1718. S. d. Paid the Ringers being the King's Asscension g º * 6 8 Paid for sum boys learning to sing . e º tº © I 5 I7I 9. Paid for bread of Easter day tº º © & º ſº I 4. One Lofe for Greasbrough . º º º e wº sº I Ringers for the King's birthday. King Chas. Restoration. Ascension day. Coronation day. 5* Novº. King's birthday. Restoration. When Bishop came. “Procession,” “perambulation,” for the expenses of which frequent charges will be found in these accounts, are thus referred to in Gibson’s “Codex,” vol. i., cap. 14:—“In the perambulation of a parish, no refreshments can be claimed by the parishioners, as due of right, from any house or lands in virtue of custom.” This has been twice attempted, viz., I 3 Jac. I., and 27 and 28 Car. II., which in both cases was declared to be against law and reason. These perambulations, though of great use in order to preserve the bounds of parishes, were, in the times of Popery, accompanied with two great abuses, viz., with feastings and superstition ; as they were performed as processions, with banners, handbells, lights, staying at crosses, &c. And, therefore, when I 98 isotherham. processions were forbidden, the useful and innocent part of perambulations was retained in these words:—“But yet for the retaining of the perambulation of the circuits of parishes, they shall, once in the year, at the time accustomed, with the curate and substantial men of the parish, walk about the parishes as they were accustomed, and, at their return to the church, make their common prayers, provided the curate, in the said common perambulations, used heretofore with days of Rogations, at certain convenient places shall admonish the people to give thanks to God, in the beholding of God's benefits for the increase and abundance of His fruits upon the face of the earth, with the saying of the Io 3rd Psalm, Benedic anima mea, &c., at which time also the same minister shall inculcate these or such sentences, “ Cursed be he which translateth the bounds and dolles of his neighbour, or such other order of prayers as shall be hereafter appointed.” Perambulating the Boundaries, or, as it was locally called, “Going a Possessioning,” which certainly was a practical form of expressing the exact thing signified, was an occasion of great interest, and of greater enjoyment at the beginning of the present century at Rotherham; it took place on Holy Thursday. The company, consisting of the vicar or minister, the churchwardens, constables, and other town's officers and gentlemen, some of them mounted, with the children of the charity school and other young persons, met in the morning at the Town Hall; and from thence, preceded by a conveyance containing drink and provender for the journey, proceeded in a loose sort of procession to traverse the boundary of one quarter or division of the parish. And the route was as devious as the most curious could desire. Seldom along the high road, but along the green lanes, skirting and penetrating almost impervious copses, and places out of the ordinary track of wayfarers in every-day life and pursuits, were the order of proceeding on the part of the old practised officials, who plumed themselves on having before led the statutory ramblings of preceding generations along the same course of the parish bounds. And, however, it might be that the Superstitious observances and usages of the olden time referred to in Gibson’s “Codex” had been long disused, interdicted by law, and mainly outgrown by intelligence, yet the old instinctive love of mystery was not extinguished; and so it was, that when some deep sheltered nook was explored, which might in ancient times have been regarded as a holy well or wayside shrine, or again some partially-buried grey, moss-grown stone was sought for, and carefully noted; the sensation of eager expectation and interest exhibited was evidently deeply tinged with something like an expression of wonder and awe, which neither law could abrogate nor intelligence subdue. Wherever, as in cases like these, it was desirable to impress on the memories of the young present, the exact position of some particular bearing or deviation of the boundary line, separating between township and township, and the rights it was the object of the ceremony to preserve, some well-known character of the town present (and Rotherham then abounded with such), as the bellman or beadle (then dog-whipper) was cobb'd; and cobbing consisted in setting the person up in the middle of a ring, and the lads “clouting” him a posteriori with their caps; a most forcible, and funny, and fun-provoking spectacle, which indelibly impressed on the memories of the rising generation present the object intended. Sometimes a good-natured gentleman of the party would condescend, for the sake of fun, to suffer the indignity, to the hilarious enjoyment of the gratified youngsters. Qſìje (thurch in Çarlg (Timeg. I 99 When a considerable circuit had been traversed, the time arrived, and the place reached appointed for the distribution of refreshments, the cart, well provisioned for the purpose, would be found waiting in some well-sheltered spot; and there, seated on the grass, and perhaps, under the wide-spreading boughs of some fine old oak, small loaves of white bread and a piece of cheese and a tot of ale would be served out to all the officials and young people, whilst the gentlemen took care of themselves. But genuine good humour and hearty out-door enjoyment was shared by all. A similar description of treat was generally repeated before separating on the return home. £5trange gºinigterg, In the preceding extracts from the Churchwardens’ Accounts frequent reference is made to the “Strange Ministers” who officiated at the parish church, and their names are occasionally given. As follows is a complete list of them for the period included in the accounts. At a time when so many of the roads from country places were little better than foot-tracks over moorland, and rough stepping stones over marshy and broken ground, and in winter time all but impassable; from what appears it redounds highly to the honour of such ministers, that so much good service should have been rendered by them to the Church at Rotherham, at such trifling cost as appears to have been incurred by the Churchwardens’ Accounts. This seems to have been expended in a very simple refreshment of “Sack and Ale,” and however transcendent the merits of sack may have been, as described in the following extract from a scarce tract, entitled “Drinke and Welcome,” yet it would hardly seem adequate to meet the exhausting labour of long services and long journeys. “Is any man so much out of favour with Eolus that he is short-winded, or that his voice or speech failes him, let him drinke sacke (as it may be taken), it shall make him capable to vent words, and speake beyond measure. So that we may justly say that sacke is a second nature to man.” - Names of ministers who officiated in the parish church for the space of forty-four years, during which period the Revs. Francis Bovil, Henry Moorhouse, John Bovill, Christopher Adam, and Samuel Ferrand were vicars, although their names do not frequently appear in the following list. 1676. I679. ;4, S. d. 26 S. d. For Ale when Mr. Turner preach'd © 6 For Sacke and Ale for 22 Ministers when they 3 3 Mr. Twist e º © 6 preached e º I I3 O 92 ye Minister of Richmond preach'd 6 I68O. 2 3 Mr. Banks preached 6 June 29. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Farns- 22 Mr. Fenton 6 worth preached . (e e e I 6 35 Mr. Turner º º & 6 July 6. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Barton 1678. preached Q e º I 6 For Sacke and Ale, severall times, for strange I3. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Kent Ministers when they preached . . . I 9 O preached . . . . . I 6 * “Drinke and Welcome, or the Famous History of ALE, compiled first in the High Dutch tongue by the most part of Drinke in use now in the kingdoms of Huldricke Van Speagle, and now amplified and trans- Great Brittain and Ireland, with an especial declaration lated into English by John Taylor.” of the potency, vertue, and operation of our English 2OO 330ttºrfjämt. S. d. S. d. Aug. 3. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Rorkbye Mr. Banks, I pint I bottle I 3 preached I 6 Mr. Turner I 3 Sep. I5. Ditto ditto I 6 Mr. Blakeman I 3 Oct. Ig. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Garford Mr. Fermery I 3 preached I 6 For Ale & & º * 2 6 I68I. Wine and Ale for Mr. Brown's Curate I 6 Jan. II. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Rorkbye 35 Mr. Roades I 6 preached º § g I 6 1687. Mar. 8. Ditto ditto I 6 July (1686) For Wine and Ale for Mr. Wood's April II. Ditto ditto I 6 brother . * gº § º e I 6 May 30. For Sack and Ale when Mr. Hep- Ale for Mr. Kirkby 3 worth preached is tº I 6 For Mr. Brown tº 3 I682. Ale and Wine, Mr. Mansent I 6 May 8. For Mr. Firth, in Wine 1 6. } % Mr. Brown's Curate . I 6 29. , , Mr. Turner I 6 Ale, Mr. Kirkby 3 June 5. , Mr. I 6 ,, Mr. Wood 3 Aug. 7. ,, Mr. Moorhouse I 6 I688. A Sep. I5. , Mr. Farmery I 6 April 3. Wine and Ale for two young men Nov. 6, ,, Mr. Waterhouse I 6 that preached that day . º 3 Dec. II. ,, Mr. Clarke I 6 May 1. Paid for pint of Sack for Mr. Bingley I 3 Feb. 8. , Mr. Kirkby I 6 15. For Mr. Leech and Mr. Burton I 3 26. , Mr. Turner I 6 June 5. A pint of Sack for Mr. Blyth I 3 Mar. 26. ,, Mr. Wood I 6 I2. 5 5 Mr. Bingley I 3 April 9. , Mr. Rorkbye I 6 5 * Mr. Bolton I 3 I4. ,, Mr. Ross I 6 July 3. 5 * Mr. Blakeman I 3 I6. , Mr. Kirkby I 6 I7. 7 5 Mr. Hall I 3 I683. 24. 3 3 Mr. Himinway I 3 July 22. For Sacke and Ale for Mr. Wood H 6 3 * Mr. Barton I 3 23. º, Mr. Bray I 6 Sept. II. A quart of Sack for Mr. Pemberton Aug. 6. 3 2 Mr. Turner I 6 and Mr. Kirkby º e 2 6 6. } } Mr. Wagstaff. I 6 Oct. Io, Wine for the Sacrament IO 3 27. 2 3 Mr. Bray I 6 Nov. 29. Sack for Mr. Hague I 3 27. $ 3 Mr. Bintliff . I 6 I689. 27. * 5 Mr. Rorkeby. I 6 For Wine for the Sacrament 13 6 Oct. 22. 2 3 Mr. Marstan. I 6 Sack for Mr. Kent . e g † I 3 29. 5 § Mr. Wagstaff. I 6 A pint of Mul’d Sack for Mr. Moor- Nov. 5. 5 3 Mr. Davenport I 6 house © tº e * I 5 5. 5 y Mr. Moorhous I 6 March II. Sack for Mr. Kent I 5. 32 Ditto I 6 April 1. Wine for the Sacrament . I6 5. 35 Mr. Banks I 6 8. Do. 4. 1684. I3. Do. I July 15. For Wine and Ale, Mr. Blakman I 6 I5. Do. gº * º 2 I5. 32 Mr. Turner I 6 18. Wine to Greasbrough for some I5. 3 3 Mr. Brown . I 6 p’sons that would not come to I685. Rotherham e & 2 April 6. For Wine and Ale, Mr. Wagstaff I 6 29. Sack for Mr. Ross . . . . I June 3. Ale and Sack, Mr. Kerkby I 6 June 1. Paid Simon Cundale for Bread for IO. 5 * Mr. Firth . I 6 the Sacrament . © º e I 8 July I. 5 § Mr. Belton I 6 Same day paid for Ale at Matthew 22. 5 § Mr. Rhodes I 6 Cundall's for several Ministers that 26. 3 3 Mr. Harper I 6 had preached tº º 3 6 26. 5 * Mr. Kerkby I 6 July 22. For Ale when Mr. Moorhouse I686. preached e e tº g * 3 Jan. 6. Ale and Sack, Mr. Banks. I 6 For Ale when Mr. Turner preached 3 Apl. 26. 5 * Mr. Leadlam I 6 5 3 Mr. Pickens 3 26. 3 * Mr. Ben. Adams I 6 39 Mr. Stenson 3 I686. I692. The further accounts of the said Thomas Turner, Samuel Given to a Stranger that preached Barbarr, John Cundell, and John Wagstaffe. by Mr. Bovill's order 3 Given in Wine to the P’sons as follows:— Aug. 6. When Mr. Loundy preached I 6 To Mr. Russell, I pint Sack, bottel Clared I 3 I696. June 15. Mr. Farnsworth, I pint I bottle I 3 Ale when Mr. Firth preached . I 6 Sep. 9. Mr. T. Kirkby I 3 3 * Mr. Brown I 6 Mr. Lunn I 3 2 3 Mr. Powell I 6 Mr. Bray I 3 2 3 Mr. Bovil I 6 Mr. Waterhouse I 3 9 3 Mr. Adams I 6 Qſìje (thurch in Čarlg (Times. 2O I ,, Mr. Taylor ,, Mr. Baines ,, Mr. Bosevile, jun. ,, Mr. Pickering ,, Mr. Holdsworth . Boys Ale when a stranger preached that lay at Mr. Boulton's . o Ale when Mr. Powell preached 3 9 Mr. Revel.1 5 3 Mr. Norcliffe 3 3 Mr. Stillington A. S. d. S. d. July 22. Ale when Mr. Houldsworth preached I 6 Ale for Mr. Walker I 6 ,, Mr. Ross I 6 ,, Mr. Walker I 6 ,, Mr. Parker I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 5 5 Mr. Brown I 6 ,, Mr. Turin I 6 ,, Mr. Powell I 6 ,, Mr. Baines I 6 ,, Mr. Brown I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 Dec. 16. 3 9 Mr. Adams I 6 ,, Mr. Briggs I 6 35 Mr. Powell I 6 Pd Mr. Walker for preachers I5 I697. Spent when Mr. Walker was chosen Ale when Mr. Jessop preached. I 6 Lecturer I 6 53 Mr. Houldworth I 6 Ale for Mr. Adams I 6 ,, Mr. Bosevile, jun’ I 6 ,, Mr. Ben. Adams I 6 95 Mr. Boys I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 3 * Mr. Stevenson . I 6 ,, Mr. Adams I 6 33 Mr. Holdsworth I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 Ale for Sacrament day I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 Ale when Mr. Boys preached I 6 ,, Mr. Boys I 6 * } Mr. Bains I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 I698. ,, Mr. Revell I 6 For treating Mr. Holdsworth when ,, Mr. Sleigh I 6 he preached . . . I 6 ,, Mr. Revell I 6 Ale for Mr. Hirst, of Harthill I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 ,, Mr. Turin de Sheffield . I 6 ,, Mr. Adams I 6 , Mr. Farrend de Todwick I 6 ,, Mr. Turring . I 6 ,, Mr. Drake I 6 I7OO. ,, Mr. Brown I 6 Ale for Mr. Benjº Adams. I 6 ,, Mr. Jessop I 6 ,, Mr. Thos. Adams . I 6 ,, Mr. Barnard . I 6 ,, Mr. Rose I 6 ,, Mr. Blakeman I 6 ,, Mr. Bosevile. I 6 ,, Mr. Stevenson I 6 ,, Mr. Jessop I 6 ,, Mr. Holdsworth I 6 Nov. ,, Mr. Sill I 6 ,, Mr. Pickering I 6 ,, Mr. Coult tº I 6 ,, Mr. Brown I 6 ,, Mr. Slee & * © § I 6 ,, Mr. Bosevile I 6 Laid downe for ale for ten Ministers ,, Mr. Sleigh I 6 II) OTC e ſº I5 ,, Mr. Holdsworth I 6 For treating ye Bisshop I Ig 6 ,, Mr. Jessop I 6 I70I. ! ,, Mr. Pickering I 6 When Mr. Wharton preached . I 6 ,, Mr. Bosevile I 6 Mr. Adam, jun. e wº I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 ,, Mr. Boyes I699. For treating Mr. Bains Ale for Mr. Boys ,, Mr. Holdsworth ,, Mr. Jessop ,, Mr. Boys ,, Mr. Boys ,, Mr. Powell ,, Mr. Walker . ,, Mr. Brook Treating Mr. Idle Ale for Mr. Shillington ,, Mr. Audsley tº e * ,, a Clergyman y' came w” Mr. Beckwith . ,, Mr. Holdsworth ,, Mr. Stevenson ,, Mr. Adam, jun. ,, Mr. Adam, jun. ,, Mr. Holdsworth . : 2 3 Mr. Coats } % Mr. Dujon } } Mr. Wharton 73 Mr. Stevenson 3 * Mr. Adam, jun. 2 3 Mr. Wharton } } Mr. Park } } Mr. Mansell 5 3 Mr. Grenehalgh 3 3 Mr. Brown 2 3 Mr. Banks . Barnett 2 3 Mr. Jessop 2 3 Mr. Farrand . Brown 33 Mr. Drake } } Mr. Mansell ... Revell . Banes 2 3 Mr. Farrand . Cade 26 2O2 330th crijam. Jan. May Ale when Mr. Wharton preached 5 3 Ale when Mr. . Highley . Dudgon . Wharton . Banes } } Ale when Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr Ale when Mr 33 Mr. . Watts I702. Green preached . . Withers . Newsam . Kirkby . Barnet . Liech . Brown . Drak . Revell . Adam . Barnet . Clarke . Barnet . Jessop . Revell . Drake . Wharton . Jessop I703. . Mansell preached . Ellis . Drake . Cade . Bland . Drake . Stevenson . Hooke . Hoole . Cooper . Drake . Drake . Lord . Drake . Cade . Ellis ... Drake . Turin I704. Kirkby preached Clarbourn Drake Brown Withers Jessop Stevenson Newsam Jessop . Farrand . Withers . Dunn . Withers . Oliver . Ellis . Farrand . Bristow . Farrand I705. . Farrand preached Kighley I 6 July I. 5, 22. Aug. 26. I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 I 6 #, Ale when Mr . Waterhouse preached 2 3 Mr. Ferrand 22 Mr. Browne * } Mr. Ferrand } } Mr. Withers 7 3 Mr. Atherton 7 3 Mr. Turring 2 3 Mr. Mansell y 3 Mr. Farrand 35 Mr. Leich } } Mr. Ferrand 2 3 Mr. Oliver $ 2 Mr. Bosevile 3 * Mr. Shillington y 2 Mr. Wilkinson } } Mr. Turner 13 Mr. Barnett } } Mr. Haughton 1706. Ale when Mr. Haughton preached } } Mr. Gale 5 y Mr. Withers } } Mr. Haughton 3 * Mr. Brinslow } } Mr. Withers 5 7 Mr. Steer & Ale and Wine when the Bishop of Carlisle preached . tº ºn I707. Ale when Mr. Drak preached 9 3 Mr. Faron ,, . Mr. Consett } } Mr. Burlow 33 Mr. Holsward 3 y Mr. Claunburn } } Mr. Withers 2 3 Mr. Jessop 3 3 Mr. Goodwin 5 § Mr. Addison 33 Mr. Faron I7Io. Ale when Mr. Geo. Stainland preached 77 Mr. Jessop 5 3 Mr. Jessop } } Mr. Kent 3 5. Mr. Hamton }} Mr. Kent 33 Mr. Withers } } Mr. Moras } } Mr. Staniland } } Mr. Turner 2 3 Mr. Kent I7II. Paid for treating the strange parsons For Ale when Mr. Hampton preached Mr. Steer Mr. Stanyland Mr. Jessop Mr. Liversage Mr. Jessop Mr. Turner Mr. Jessop Mr. Jessop Mr. Claunburn 1716. For Ale when Mr. Dyly preached 3i whe (Tijurch in Čarlu (Tim eş. 2O3 # S. d. I7I9. # S. d. For Ale when Mr. Emsall preached . I 6 For Ale when Mr. Abson preached . I 6 } % Mr. Drake © I 6 2 3 Mr. Hall º I 6 } % Mr. Lindsay e I 6 5 * Dockton Robinson I 6 } } Mr. Barnard I 6 3 * Mr. Arlabie I 6 33 Mr. Stevenson I 6 } } Mr. Buck I 6 2 3 Mr. Hall I 6 9 3 Mr. Withers I 6 I7I7. I720. For Ale when Mr. Hall preached . I 6 For Ale when Mr. Addison preached I 6 I718. 2 3 Mr. Farrand I 6 For Ale when stranger preached I 6 32 Ditto I 6 } % Ditto I 6 Aug. 7. 3 × Mr. Addison I 6 } % Mr. Stainland I 6 } % Mr. Benj. Farrand I 6 3 3 Mr. Stevenson I 6 33 Ditto I 6 33 Mr. Benj. Ferrand I 6 75 Ditto I 6 The following document is interesting as giving a very complete idea of the “Lay” and ratepaying population, and where they lived at that early period (1627). The Hood-Cross, at the junction of the four streets at the bottom of High Street, seems to have been the notable place of the town, not only as a public meeting place, but as the centre of some of the most respectable residences of the town. The most important one appears to have been that of Mr. Mounteney, who seems to have been one of the foremost men of the place in public matters. His residence would appear to have occupied the ground where the High Street Bank now stands, and to have been one of an important character; besides which there was an extensive range of barns and outbuildings occupying all the large space of ground between the High Street and the Cleaver Inn in Wellgate; and from their extensive range, they would seem to have been more than would be appurtenent to a gentleman's residence, and may have been for the accommodation of the pack-horses, the then only carriers of the time. The close neighbourhood of the Pack-horse Inn favours this supposition. These outbuildings existed in a very ruinous state within the present century. The largest ratepayer of the “Lay ” seems to have been Francis Dickenson, Senior, for the “Inne, called the Crown,” and which must then have been quite as spacious an hostelry as at any time since. There also appears to have been a large inn in Church Street, paying a larger rate than any other property in the town with two exceptions; it was kept by William Clayton, who it is not unlikely was related to Luke Clayton, the Puritan Vicar. The hostelry comes into notice as under. By vertue of a warrant to us and others directed, and from an ordinance of Parliament derived; these are to command and charg you and evºy of you that you give warning to all such persons wººin yo' severale constableries as are able to furnish or lend money, plate, armes, or horses, for the service of King and Parliament, upon the publique faith, to be repaid after ſS per cent. : to be and appear before us at the house of Widow Clayton, in Rotheram, on Wednesday, the 15* February instant, by nine of the clocke in the forenoone, and to bring a list of their names; as also to give notice and warning to all and evy such persons as have already subscribed to lend money, plate, armes, or horses for the abovesaid service, to bring in and pay ovº the same to the treasurer appointed for that service, at the time and place above mentioned. Hereof fail not at y' perills. Given under o' hands and seales this II* day of February, I642. JOHN MALEVERER, H. WESTBy, WILL. CoPLEY, THO. WESTBY. To the Constables of Aldwarke, Raumarsh, Gresbrough, Kimberworth, and Ecclesfield, and to evny of you. 2O4 330th crijam. I627. Com. Ebor. An Assessm ENT made xxi" day of March, A* Domini 1627, of & vpon the Inhabitantes within the towne of Rotherham, for & towardes the disburse- ‘N_ mentes of the Churchwardens for the parrish of Rotherham nowe being, concerning & during the continuance of their Office. To be collected by Rob" Tailler, John Crowder, John Senyor, & Henry Shawe, nowe Church Wardens within the said Towne, as followeth, Wiz". : HIGHE STREETE, BEGINING AT HooD-CRossE. S. d. * - S. d. William Marsden 6 William Swifte, alias Savage g ſº tº I2 William Pollard 4. Gilbert Wilkinson * tº ty & I 2 John Tailler 3 Robert Cutforthagh ge & * g º I2 Richard Horner º * * t 3 Edward Moorcock tº g g tº 6 Francis Dalton § § rec" in part, 2d. 3 Uxor Cade e g © & & g 2 Thomas Lawe 6 William Murgetroides . wº tº & 2 Richard Mounteney, Esq. . º g • 20 WESTGATE. Nicholas Cousin . . . ſº º 2 8 S. d. Henry Revell . º & * g . 6 8 Nicholas Spademan . º * g • 3 4 Robert Birkhead . sº & º I2 Nicholas Carr . * g © g 6 8 Henry Basforth © º ſº g • 2 Thomas Galland * tº e e • 4 Widowe Rigg . & & 6 & 2 Brien Ingle & g tº º º 6 Widowe Tipping . fº $ & g 4. John Frend . ty e º ge • 4 Francis Sayton . tº g g tº 17 Leonard Watton . $3 & * g 5 Ellen Okes, widowe . g e t; . I2 Nicholas Hall 8 William Rowbotham e e º wº I6 Rosamond Roe, widowe . * tº e 6 Nicholas Selvester . g º gº • 2 Richard Gregg tº g g * • I3 4. Thomas Wilkinson 8 Margaret Tinker . g sº g e 2 6 Widow Farmer 6 Gascoigne . wº * ſº • 2 William Greene e & & tº 8 Adyn Binny © & g & * , I6 Robert Winter & iº º e . 6 8 Thomas Parkin * g * e . 2 6 John Cutforthagh. * g s gº 2 Widowe Tailler . g º & g 2 John Jonson . wº & & g g I2 Widow Cutforthe . g * * g 2 John Lambe g e • * & 6 8 John Wilkinson . § g g 3. I2 John Richmont & e e e ... 8 William Landsdale . & e g e I6 John Parken º g & * e 8 Widowe Winter . g g & sº 8 William Stayndropp . * e iº • 3 4. Richard Winter . . * * * • 2 O Henry Gardiner . § g . g 4. Thomas Wilson, Millar & º g 8 Rolland Shepley & s * te • I2 John Burrows ſº * * & . 6 8 Thomas Shepley . & g e I2 Andrewe Clayton, senior & g º 24 O Lewis Shepley & e g * e 4. Valentyne Tyme 6 Francis Dickenson, senior t; ſº & 30 Rychard Gyllott . I8 Idem for the Inne called the Crown. - Widowe Pinder 3 William Tailler, Fellmonger . , blotted Thomas Pattrick, senior 3 William Starke & * & g . 5 John Cutler, Sheather g * tº 4. Mr. Vsher sº & & * & I2 John Nowell e & Received in part, 4d. 8 William Parkin g g * & jº I2 John Cutler, Cutler tº * & 8 Robert Edmonds . y * g 4. Toby Gorton 4. Thomas Haworth . & * g . 3 6 William Didsbury 4. Elizabeth Tickhill . e º ſº 6 Widowe White 8 Matthew Baxter * & & & . 2 6 John Sunter . g & g tº . 2 6 Anthony Hall * • * & & g 3 4 Hugh Hawksworth g & & g 4. Richard Bell . : gº te *3 ... 2 Widowe Blackburne . . Received in part, 2d. 4. Widowe Browne . 4. TALBOTT LANE AND CROFTs. George Marshall t * te wº 8 S. d. William Holland & & 3. g 3 4. Thomas Brodebent <> & & g 4 2 Widowe Colte g º t g . I2 O Henry Ellis 6 William Rodes g g g g 8. Thomas Coats . 2 Thomas Swift g e & g . 2 6 Widowe Cutforthe 2 Willfrey Trone 6. Oliver Slatter e 3 Robert Stones 4. Ralph Dolphin, alias Litster . 8 William Cooke's Wife & & & 2 Elizabeth Kay 2 William Stanyforth . g e & • IO Thomas Hole. 6 John Drue 3. g º & g 2 6 Edward Duckworth I6 Michaell Nicolls * * & g e 4. Qſìje Čijurch in Čarlg (Times. 2O5 S. d. S. d. Henry Dikes 4. Lewes West . . 2 6 Thomas Turner 3 4 Thomas Fisher 6 8 Anne Bellfield 4. John Savage . . 2 6 Thomas Linley 6 Ralphe Brodebent 8 James Cheny 4. Robert Swathe 4 Robert Cheny 8 Widow Warde 6 Richard Johnson 4. John Bullock 8 Robert Hall 6 William Worrall . 8 Simon Johnson 8 Robert Waddie I6 Robert Letchworth 6 Roger Charlesworth 4 Christofer Marshall {} {} 6 Henry Sitwell 4. Thomas Bridler . Received in part, 3d. 4. Jeffrey Revell 4 William Greene, Sheather 4. Christofer Mawe 4 William Greaves 4 Christofer Revell 8 William Austwick 4. Hugh Swifte . 6 Robert Parkin I2 Robert Stones 4. Widow Kenrick 4. Beardshawe James Ball I8 John Crowder 4. WEST SIDE of THE CHURCHYARD. Roger Tinker I 6 S. d. William Brookhouse I2 Thomas Cutfortha 3 4. Henry Spooner I8 William Greenwood . 4. Henry Cutfortha . 8 Robert Pettie 4 Francis Lee 3 4. Widow Barton 4. Nicholas Hatfield 4. William Clayton, Inkeper 2O John Smith, Cobler 4 Francis Dickenson, junior . I3 4 Robert Greaves 4. Nicholas Ardron . 2 8 John Topham 4. William Carr . 8 Robert Picknell 6 James Marrten 3 4 MILLNE-GATE. S. d Jefferey Woollen 6 8 Thomas Corker & º John North 4. g Thomas Marshall 4. Francis Rewald 6 John Jepson 4. Thomas Cheetham I3 4 e ºf sº tº Richard Fulcher 8 William Lee 4. is ºf sº gº William Hall 8 Thomas Sherwood 4. Henry Mason 4 William Holmes . I 2 & Gilbert Barnsby 4. Thomas Wolfe 4. g * Richard Nailler 4. Thomas Walker 4. Robert Corker 6 Rolland Robinson 8 Nicholas Billan 4. NORTH SIDE of THE CHURCHYEARD. John Spooner 4. S. d. Vxor Stevin 4. John Graunt 6 Edward Turner 4. William Barton 2 Nicholas Swifte 4. Richard Fletcher 2 6 Richard Westall . I8 RIDDING AND MooRE-YATE. Mrs. Swifte 4. Malim Lawe . S. * Nicholas Benson 2 Alexander Machon * 6 Widow Wilson 2 Robert Machon recº 3d. 4. Widowe Holmes . 2 John Tatton g 8 - - BRIGGATE. Francis West, Gentlema 4 S. d. Mr. Charles Tooker 8 Robert Johnson 2 Thomas Coe I8 Thomas Storke 4. Robert Taillor 2 8 MARKET STED. S. d. Richard Bonner I6 Andrew Towers I2 James Aldam I6 Thomas Brooke I2 Nicholas Lonley . 4. William Shawe I2 John Firrel . * > 2 8 Robert Creswick . 2 6 Anne Hinche, Widow 6 Henry Shawe. 4. Alexander Clayton 4. Bartle Galland 4. Widow Gorton 4 Anthony Benson 8 William Thomson 5 O Henry Lilley, senior 8 Richard Williamson 2 I8 Widow Bower 6 4. William Scholey, Tanner Daniell Tottle & Robert Stather 2O6 łłotijeriyamt. Thomas Watson © ſº º º Widow Eyre ſe º º * º 8 Thomas Oke . * e p - ... 6 Robert Dodsworth e John Smith, Cobler Edward Worrall Robert Cooper & o º d Mr. Rollinson, for Eastwood, what he will freely give Thomas Clayton e º e º • 4 Thomas Jubb * Francis Jackson e o g -> • 3 William Baynes . Edward Cheetam º & - e William Salterthwait . - e w 2 Henry Richmont Nicholas Fisher - e º º Widow Okes . . . º * - • 2 Edward Mason . º º º & 5 John Oldfield & o º - • I3 JESUS-GATE. Peter Heardson º e & - ... 2 Henry Shent Henry Betts John Hutchanson - - - Mrs. Darley . a e e - ... 2 Robert Cousin . George Hirst . William Marrow . - º e - William Wright e • º - . 5 Widow Taillor Edward Hutchanson . e - * Henry Lilly, junior - & º - 3 Leonard Rigg º • * o . I6 John Smith, Cowper - º - - 4. George Murgethoide Christofer Cutler Richard Walker Mabell Clay Thomas Mann - Anthony Rogers, senior . º - - I3 Anthony Rogers, junior IO Richard Sandes Nicholas Thomson William Penystone Received in part, 2d. DONCASTER-GATE. William Bell . º - e - ... 8 Godfrey Eyre George Riddall Robert Shawe Phillip Fletcher e - s • 12. Thomas Brown . - - - - 2 Nicholas Marsden . º - - . IO Widow Landsdale and | Rolland Landsdale Widow Wilson Alexander Thomson Bartholomewe Hunter William Mitchell William Birkhead William Malim, gentleman º - - I2 WELLGATE. John Senyor . º - ſº - ... 6 Lewis Oxspring I2 I2 I2 I2 I2 . I2 I8 I2 : : I2 I2 : Thomas Colly -> - g º • 3 4. Henry Slack g o e * e I2 Henry Taillor Clement Knipe Richard Holgate Robert Roides Ralp Gregg. . º William Parkin, Labourer Richard Fisher Thomas Jackson James Rollinson Richard Hawkrigg William Blocke Roger Senyor - Edmund Adamson , - º Ralph Smith, he thinketh yº much Robert Senyor º John Thomson º Roger Norton o - º e • * Robert Thomson . Thomas Antrorn Thomas Dorer . o º º • 8 James Robuck Widowe Jackson Henry Nicholson Michaell Greenhaughe Richard Hinchliffe William Rigg Robert Fisher John Fisher - - - & Paul Fisher . - - e - . 3 William Trippett . Thomas Patrick, junior Vincent Harvey Thomas Allen Henry Savage Thomas Twigg Robert Holmeshire Robert Pinder George Lockwood Thomas Gregg John Marsden Leonard Martin James Allomby Robert Parkin Lewis Oxspring . John Wood. William Tym John Williams Richard Inkersell Richard Smith Summa totalis, 4.35 I2s. Iod. Received, 3d. I 2 I 5 . I Received in part, 2d. WILL MALINS John OLDFIELD J. T. ANTHONY RogA JUN, Jo SMITH WILLIAM BELL RIC MOUNTENEY FR WEST WILLM STANYFORTH WILLIAM GREENE NICHOLAS STEVENSON OMISSIONS IN THE ASSESSMENT. S. d. Received of George Sheemeld . º & I8 Cooke, Határesser - 4. Ralphe Hill 2 Robert Button 4. Christofer Clarke 4. 2s. 8d. Qſìje Čijurch in Çarlg (Times. 2O7 There are a considerable number of old assessment books, in coarse brown paper covers, before herein referred to, kept in a chest in the church, for the church, constables, highways, and poor, and one each for window money and land tax. Amounts collected for the church are as follows: #, S. d. The earliest for y” repairs of y” p’sish church, at 3d. in y” pound rent or rate, is for 1732 . e • • º . I4. I7 IO 1735, at 4d in the A. . e o & o o º . I 9 6 I 1736, at 6d. . . . . . . . . . 26 16 74 1753, at 4d. … . e e e Q e º . 22 9 Oł 1759, at 8d. , . e t Q e e & • 47 3 3 I760, at Is. 35 ° s e º o e º . 73 2 4 I761, at Is. 33 º tº tº º e o & . 73 IO 6 1762, at 6d. , . gº te º º e o . 36 I7 I; 1763, at Is. 53 º ſº • ſº º º º . 73 7 5 I764, at Is. 35 g tº º º e & & ... 86 4. Oł 1765, at Is. 6d. , gº © e © º tº e . I 29 8 3 1766, at 8d. 35 e * de º o º º . 58 3 8% 1767, at 4d. , tº e e e 29 II 7% I768, at 6d. , Rate not entered. 1769, at Iod. , }} 1770, at 8d. } > º © e o 56 6 4 I771, at 6d. , Rate not entered. 1772, at 4d. , . sº ſº º e * .g . 29 2 IO I775, at 4d. , . tº e . . . e . 3O I6 5 I776, at 4d. 35 º e tº & º e e . 3 I 6 II; I787, at 4d. , o e & e o e © . 38 I4 3} 1791, at 8d. 55 e g e e e e e . 76 I 8 5} 1792-3, at Is. 9d in the £ . s e e o o . 2 II 6 O This seems to have been an extraordinarily expensive year, as the quarters, which are also given at the end of the book, are for - #, S. d Tinsley Quarter g e © e tº º e . 4.5 O O Brinsworth Quarter . . e e tº e º . 4.5 O O Greasbro' Quarter . o º º e e e . 4.5 O O Kimberworth Quarter. º e º o • e . 4.5 O O 18O o o Rotherham o . 2 I I 6 o £391 6 o A meeting held in the vestry, October 16th, 1794, seems to account for the above large expenditure. The meeting is convened for the purpose of making an assessment for defraying the first instalment of the purchase-money for the houses and land bought for the augmentation of the churchyard. It was ordered that one shilling in the pound be immediately collected. 2O8 330th crijam. :6 S. d. 1794, at Is. in the A. . o e e e e e • I 23 4. The four Quarters . º o e © e º . I 2C) O O £243 4 3 JoHN Coup LAND, . JoHN BROOK, > Churchwardens. THos. CARNELLY, RD. STANLEY, ~ The whole of this rate as levied is hereafter given. These old assessment books for the church only extend to 1794. The church rate for the year before, was, as has been stated, extraordinarily large. In bad times, and they were not unfrequent, even the ordinary rate must have been felt by the greater number of those who composed the population of that period to press heavily upon them, as they had to support as well the various places of worship attended by them. Added to this, it must in fairness be stated, that the services of the church could hardly be less externally attractive, or spiritually influential, than they were at this time. Church-going was little better than a form of acknowledging that the week had a Sabbath day. The Walkers had about this time reached the highest point of their wonderful progress, and the large amounts charged against them in the following transcript of the assessment book, shows the position held by them in the town, and this would be further evidenced in the rate-book of the Kimberworth quarter. They had, notwithstanding, to support their own chapel at Masbrough, erected principally at their own cost; “Walkers' Chapel,” as it was usually called, and which was attended by the major part of their numerous workpeople. The fervid feeling and faithful endurance of the Methodists had outlived the desperate and dastardly opposition they had to confront and defy for so many years, and their different frequent services were carried on with great vigour, heartiness, and success. Yet, as it would seem, it was with little display or expense, as “Joseph Crowther, for a house and meeting house” (the old octagon chapel) is rated but at ſI Ios. The following church rate, therefore, did not press heavily upon them as a body. The following, from john Clark’s MSS., is a sort of miscellaneous recapitulation of benefactions connected with the church and town, and of the manner of their disposal, and also of the opinions then held respecting lapsed privileges. - # S. d. 1777. April 26. Mrs. Bellamy's dole, left by her husband 5 O O 1792. May 3. Churchyard surrendered I2 in to the street. 1799. April 6. Mr. Edw" Bellamy left £200 to the Feoffees for £8 a year. Church rental, Tho" Collett's House . º o e . 6 Io o Mrs. Flather e fº . 3 IO O Sam' Tooker, for part of Bowling Green Close, and a Garden where the pigeon cote is, late Eyre's . w -> e . I IO O The Church in Čarly Times. 209 - £ s. d Rich" Eyre, for a close near the Clough, oa. 3r. I2p., now Thos. Walton, at £2 os. od. . º e tº º . I IO O Mr. Buck. Dr. Malin's Charity, now Mr. Buck's, Ring of Bells . e tº º e e s • • . I O O Mrs. Gillott. Garden on left hand side of Car-house lane, O4. I?. 24p. . tº w ſº Q • • • . I O O Jn" and Ja' Bagshaw, for the House, Doncaster Gate head . 2 o o Josp" Blank and Sam' Jenkinson, Westgate, a common right to it I o o Wm. Cross, of Ravenfield, House in Wellgate, late Rob' Clarke, and a common right e e e º º o . I O O Tho' Hinch, house in Shambles, re-built in 1779, and cost £286s. 8 o o “John Kay, by his will dated October 19th, 1789, bequeathed to the feoffees ſ40, to be distributed, on the Feast of St. Thomas, amongst widows belonging to Rotherham. The feoffees pay 32s. per annum. There is ſo a year given by Mr. Staniforth, of Catcliffe, this used to be given over the church porch door, at 6d, each, as far as it would go, called the ‘scroming dole.’ “There are sixty loaves of bread, of the value of 4d. each, given by the churchwardens to the poor of Rotherham upon Christmas day; Mr. R. Wilson provides them; it is Mr. Foljambe’s, of Eastwood, dole, 1784, paid unto the feoffees. Likewise eighty loaves of bread at the same time, 3d, each, provided by Mr. Downes, now (1779) of Worksop, now by Mr. John Bingley, out of a house he lately purchased near the Shambles. The bread that is given away on Sundays is Madam Mansel's dole, is provided by Mr. Buck, in Bridgegate. There are twenty-six loaves at Id, each, and twelve loaves at halfpenny, given away every Sunday, but now by Samuel Buck, Esq., of Leeds. There is 40s. a year given away upon St. Thomas' day, being the remainder of rent that arises from Wm. Needham's house, in Bridgegate, the vicar having 4os. of the rent for a sermon, the will directs it to be given to eight of the most indigent widows; in 1776 Mr. Lloyd would only let it be given to sixteen of the most indigent. “Mr. Lloyd said, in 1777, that Rotherham School has a right to a fellowship at Lincoln College, Oxford. He also said that two fellowships had been claimed, but that one was lost, and that as he has been told, there was a law-suit about it. He likewise thinks there is a scholarship belonging to the school, at the same college, of £25 a year. “Rotherham Lectureship is ſ 19 17s. Iod. per annum. Mr. Lloyd says it is paid at York, he believes out of the Exchequer. Has been told it was originally A 24 a year, but the fees of officers had reduced it. The gift of the Lectureship is in the right of the inhabitants. There is £10 a year paid to the Free School from the same fund.” - - 27 2 IO łotijerijam. The following Rate exhibits what an important advance has been made the population, and in the material progress of the Town. An Assessm ENT made this 14* day of June, for the Church Wardens of the Township Rotherham, for the year 1792 and part 93, at the rate of Is. 9d in the Pound. #, The Earl of Effingham . • 40 Messrs. Green, Wright & Co. .. 32 Sam' Tooker, Esq." & • 94 Messrs. Joshua Walker and Brothers, for Eastwood (Farm) 315 Messrs. Joshua Walker & Co., for the Rolling Mill ſº Messrs. Joshua Walker & Co., for six Tenm" in Wellgate • 3 Joshua Walker, Esq." º • IOI Ditto for Joshua Mills House, and Garden . • 3 Joseph Walker, Esq. () • 34 IOO WESTGATE. John Oxley, Junº, for a House, &c. To Joseph Flint, for a House, &c. . Io John Barker, for a House Mr. Best, for a House, &c. Mr. Cutforthay, for a House, &c. 22 John Hilton, for Earnshaw Land Mark Bradberry, for a House, &c. George Nettleship, for a House . John Nightingale, for a House Ditto for Tenants in the Shambles Will” Jones, for a House, &c. John Clark, Sen", for a House, &c. Joshua Raby, for a House, &c. WidW Bell, for a House e Will" Outram, for a House, &c. . Josp" Winsor, for a House, &c. John Wright, for a House, &c. James Parkin, for a House, &c. . John Wild, for three Tenmts James Roberts, for a House Late Cheshire, for a House (Swallow) e o David Coe, for a House, &c. • 4 Humphry Gillott, for a House, &c. Io Edward Gillott, for a Butcher’s Shop, &c. º © Will" Prince, for a House, &c. Jn° Hatfield, for a House, &c. Thos Mettam, for a House, &c. . Thos Goodison, for a House Thos Sherman, for a House, &c.. Ditto for Tenmºs in the Crofts o Peter Brunt, for a House, &c. W* Cross, for a House . e Tho' Thompson, for a House, &c. John Plant, for a House, &c. Joseph Lockwood, for a House, &c. John Lydster, for a House Benjº Parker, for five Tenemts, &c. WidW Hattersley, for a House, &c. Thos Kay, for a House, &c. © Widw Wild, for a House and Shop : : I . I : S. I IO 17 IO . II I O 5 d O 6 6 6 . #, O. 2 8 27 O . º . S. d. O O I6 I; 5 5 I2 4 I5 O I ; ; # I O : I . : : I7 g . I 6 . 8 9 9 IO} 4 4% 7 5% i 3 . . # S. Late John Steer, for a House, &c. 4 o James Watson, for a House 4 O David Lamb, for a House 4. O John Stattersley, for a House, &c. 4 O John Platt, for a House, &c. 8 5 Late John Marsden, for a House, &c. (Bradbury) . º - 4 O Wm Favill, for a House, &c. . I8 17 Edward Machin, for a House, &c. O Joseph Ludlam, for a Bakehouse I o John Leesley, for a House, &c. . Io I2 Tho" Leesley, for a House, &c. . 2 o Widw Wilbarn, for a House, &c. . Io o George Hanley, of Sheffield, for four Tenmts e . 2 O Joseph Radley, for a House, &c.. 7 o John Clark, Junº, for a House 7 O Late Stephen Willey, for a House I Io John Crookes, for a House 3 I2 Thos Pailley, for a House 5 IO James Wilkinson, for a House, &c. I2 5 Will" Rodgers Treeton, for a House . e e • I IO Joshua Raby, Sen”, for a House, &c. e & e • I4. 9 TOLBOT LANE AND CROFTs. 26 S. Will" Wastneys, for a House, &c. 51 II Will" Pullin, for a House, &c. . 7 Io Will" Wood, Swinton, for six Tenmts . º e • 4 O Sam' Roberts, for a Butcher's Shop I o Dan' Servants, for a House • 2 O Mrs. Kerby, of Ecclesfield, for eight Tenmts . e . 5 IO George Walker, of Sheffield, for two Tenmts º • I O Edward Roddie, for nine Tenm's 4 Io Richard Wadkinson, for a House I o Late Mrs. Hudson, for a House . I o Mrs. Shelton, for a House, &c. 2 IO Cain Butler, for a House and Shop I 5 Joseph Crowther, for a House and Meeting House & • I IO Mrs. Laughton, for a House, &c. 4 I2 George Steel, for a House, &c. . IS II Will” Hervey, of Masbro', for a Garden . g e - ... o 15 John Wilson, for a House and Garden . & º • 7 5 John Cundall, for a House ... O I5 HIGH STREET. # S. Mr. Broom, for a House, &c. .. 5 Io Thos Radley, for a House, &c. 27 16 Ditto for Shop and Beast Pens . g e • 3 3 John Carr, for a House, &c. . 6 IO . i ;6 : . ..4. º . S 7 7 O 7 I4. : IO I3 I . s in IO: 3. 4. Qſìje (Tijurch in Čarig (Times. 2. II ; S. d. 6 s. d. . # S. d. 4, S. d. Mr. Foljambe, for Tunnicliffe and . Win Brooksbank, for a House, &c. 5 Io o O 9 7% Crowther (Badsley Moor) • 4 o o 7 O Mr. Hohman, for Land . I Io O O 2 73 Mr. Raby, for a House . , I5 o O I 6 3 Thos Carnelley, for a House, &c. 98 Ig O 8 I3 2 Mr. Cundall, for a House, &c. . 5 O O o 8 9 John Wild, for a House, &c. 6 2 6 O Io 8% Mr. Nightingale, for a House, &c. 6 IO 6 O II 4} Miss Wilson, for a House, &c. IO I6 O o 18 Iož Sarah Midlam & . 3 O O O 5 3 Mr. Coupland, for a House, &c. . I8 I O I II 7 Samuel Raby, for a House, &c., Wm. Earnshaw, for a House, &c. . 6 Io o o II 4% Wellgate e . . 23 8 O 2 O II; Ditto for Sheep and Wºn Banks, for a House, &c. (The Beast Pens g & 3 18 O O 6 IO Cleaver) º ſº . 3 IO O o 6 I; John Tunicliff, for Land . 5 I5 6 O IO Ił John Earl, for a House and Land 6 I5 O o II 3% Tho' Armitage, for House and Mr. Holden, for a House. . II O O O Ig 3 Shop . <> • . 5 O O o 8 9 Messrs. Walker & Booth, for Tilt 8 o o O I4 O Thos Armitage, for his late Shop 2 o o o 3 6 Joseph Needham, for a House, &c. 27 5 o 2 7 8+ John Ball, for House and Offices, Francis Jackson, for a House, &c. 27 7 3 2 7 IO; &c. * e * . I3 8 9 I 3 6 Jarvis Carnelley, for a House, &c. Mr. James Hirst, for Sheep Pens, (The Pack Horse) * . I3 O O I 2 9 &c. tº & º 2. I2 O O 4 6; George Hurst, for House, &c. 8 7 o O I4 7% DoNCASTER GATE AND PIGEON LANE. George Glossop, for a House 2 o o O 3 6 # S. d. 6 s. d. George Travis, for a House 3 to o o 6 13 William Nicholson, &c., for a Joseph Johnson, for a House, &c. 7 Io o O I3 Ił House e {} I9 O I I3 3 Rich" Reckless, for a House, &c.. 4 o o o 7 o Robert Hall, for a House, &c. I8 3 I II 9% Jn" Huthwaite, for a House, &c.. 3 O O O 5 3 * Thos Adams, for a House, &c. 4 o o o 7 o JESUS GATE. Ditto for his late House 26 s. d. 26 S. d. and Shop . {º 2 o O O 3 6 Mr. Turner, for a House, &c. I5 I O I 6 4 John Yates, for a House, &c. 7 Io o O I3 I* Mr. Hamer, for a House, &c. 27 I2 6 2 8 4 Sam Mitchell, for a Shop I O O O I Q BRIDGEGATE Anthony Firth, for a House, &c.. 7 o O O I2 3 º S. d. 6 s. d. Anthony Lawton, for a House, &c. 7 o o O I2 3 John Batty, for a House, &c. Rich" Lodge, for a House, &c. 4 o O O - 7 O (Red Lion) tº 66 16 o 5 I6 Io; John Hudson, for a House, &c. . 6 5 o O IO II: Mr. Boomer, for a House, &c. . 23 Ig I 2 I II Thos Taylor, for a House 2 o O O 3 6 Drake, Boomer & Co., for a Tho' Wildsmith, for a Shop I O O O I g Counting House . 3 O O O 5 3 Wm. Jubb, for a House and Shop. 6 o o O IO 6 John Booth, for a House . . 3 I5 O o 6 6; Rich Naylor, for a House and t Wm Ridgway, for Land, &c. 24. I4. 9 2 3 3% Shop . tº ſº . 4 IO O o 7 Io; Mr. Oxley, for a House . 23 II 6 2 I 3 Thos Cawthorne, for a House and Wim Bagshaw, for a House . I3 I7 O I 4 Ił Shop tº iº ſº Io 7 6 O 18 Iš Wm. Barnsley, for a House I7 II 3 I Io 8; Rob Burgoi § & . I2 5 O I I 5 Mr. Robº Taylor, for a House, Foljambe Wood, for a House and Millgate. . 3O 8 O 2 I3 2} two Tenmts e . 6 IO O O II 4% Matthew Naylor, for a House, &c., - Joseph Midlam, for a House, &c. 6 Io o O II 4; Shambles ... • e . I7 4 6 O Ig II & Abram Clayton, for a House, &c. 6 To o O II 4% Mr. Brownhill, for a House, &c., Miss Foljambe, for a House, &c. 20 16 6 I I6 5} Shambles º I2 O O I I O Mr. Foljambe, for two Tenmºs in Mr. Milburn, for a House, &c. I4. O I 4 6 Westgate, and one in the High . Joseph Nightingale, for a House 9 7 o O I6 Street e § . 4 IO O O 7 Io; The total amount of the assess- --- Mr. Mason, for two Tenmts in ment being, as before shown 2II 6 O Westgate tº ge . 3 O O O 5 3 And the four Quarters, £45 each I8o O O Mr. Foljambe (of Aldwark) or his Tenants, for the Crab-tree Closes II IO o I O O} #391 6 O The foregoing documents afford very clear and satisfactory information respecting the officials, usages, and expenses of the parish church for a period of more than three hundred years. And during that time, it may be inferred, the churchwardens had shown, for churchwardens, a due regard for the noble structure committed to their charge. With the means at their disposal, the churchwardens for the time being, assisted by the feoffees, seem to have been careful in keeping the fabric in due repair, and, as will have been seen, at considerable cost. In doing this the four out-townships of Kimberworth, Greasbrough, Tinsley, and Dalton, in the quotas contributed by them, seem to have borne an ample and honourable share of the burden. 2 I 2 33 utijerijam. CŞārlū ājārīāj ºrgisterå, —w- Parish Registers date from 1538 (A" xxx” H. 8), when they were established by the mandate of Thomas Cromwell, Vicar-General, but for a long time they were irregularly kept, and have in many cases suffered from grievous neglect and from civil commotion. The following Register, dating back as far as 1542, is the oldest document in possession of the Church, and, in fact, reaches further back than most Registers of the kind in the kingdom. There are a number of earlier entries than those which are given here, but they are so faded and worn as to be undecipherable. The later Registers belonging to this parish have mostly been kept or copied in a beautifully neat and distinct handwriting, and being accessible, and easily readable, need not be given here. 25ap tigmg, Januarij Robt so of Robt. Grene cristenyd iij dai Hughe so of John Swyft cristenyd xiij dai In Februarij Jane doght of Wiſłm Labart cristenyd ix dai Elyn dogh” of Robt. Dowke crist xj dai W* Sö of Ric' Sãds crist’ xx dai Robt Sö of George banks crist’ xxiij dai Anne doght of Robt. Cowthorne crist’ xxv dai Agnes doghº of John truluff crist’ xxv dai Marche Wiſłm sö of Robt maylam crist’ iſ dai Margret doghº Withm flecher cristenyd v dai Margret dogh” of Robt. Donke crist' xj dai Margret doght of Ric' Hyrst crist' xvdai Robt Sö of John Mathewmā crist’ xv. dai Ric' so of Thoms Swyft crist’ xviij dai Mylis Sö of lawrens yngyfi crist’ xx dai Joh" doghº of Robt. Cooke crist’ xxv dai Anne dogh” of Raiff Swyft crist' xxviij dai Apreff John son of John Coo crist’ xx dai Johan doght of Thoms Richardson crist' xx dai Margret doghº of Ric’ borows crist' xxij dai Anne Stotte crist’ xxii; dai k Isaybeft doghº of withm Caye crist’ xxv dai Robt son of Rog’ halle crist’ xxviij dai (ſiſt (Tijutti, in Čaríg (Limit5. 2 I 3 In Maie Robt son of Robt bete crist’ iſ dai Thoms so of Thoms hycke crist' v dai Robt Sö of barnard Elyott crist’ x dai In June Ric' son of John Botyller crist' ix dai Withm sö of Pet Achytt crist' xijdai Margrett doght of Alyxand? wroo crist' xv dai Agnes doghº of John Grene crist’ xx dai Agnes doght of Wiſłm Dawson crist' xxvidai In July Jane doghº of Ric' Stanyngfurth crist’ iij dai Agnes doght of harry gryme crist' viij dai Robt Sö of Ric' nayler crist' xj dai Robt Sö of W* Sho? crist’ xii; dai Thoms so of Nicolas clatö crist’ xv. dai Jane doghº of John byrkyshawe crist’ xvj dai Katry doghº of John Acryd crist’ xix dai Withm sö of W* Wyghmā crist’ xxv dai Robt Sö of W* westren crist’ xxv dai Agnes doght of John morgon crist' xxviijdai John Sö of Thoms Hellis crist’ xxix dai Johan dogh? of - - - - In August Agnes doghº of Ric' lynlay crist' xx dai Johan doghº of Thoms shepd crist’ xxiij dai Thoms Sö of Charls barlowe crist’ xxvij dai In Septeb” Wiſłm sö of John wey't crist’ x dai Wilm sö of Ric’ sylves? crist’ x dai Margret doghº of Ric’ bocher crist’ xvi; dai In Octob? Elzabet dogh” of wiłłm grenwod crist' v dai Robt Sö of Robt best crist’ xij dai In NouèB} Grace doght of Robt browned crist' x dai Thoms Sö of John walker crist’ xvi dai Withm sö of Edward geyfason crist’ xvij dai In Decebº Johan doght of lancelat byrtryck crist' xjdai 2 I 4. 330th crijam. In Januarij Alixand” so of John Boswell cristynyd x dai John Sö of Robt. Darewent crist’ xv. dai Thoms Sö of Thoms prestà crist’ xxj dai In Februarj Anne doghº of John oam’t crist iiij dai Johan doghº of Robt. Leth crist’ xij dai Antony Sö of Ric’ wyght crist’ xix dai Robt Sö of Raife graiffe xxvº dai In Marche Richard Sö of George Hunté cristynyd x* dai Thoms Sö of John pudse cristynyd y” xx dai Withm sö of Wiſłm grene cristyed xxiii John Sö of Ric' Cudworth cristynyd xxix dai Anne doght of W*yngram cristynyd xxix dai In Apreff John son of John Conway cristynyd ij dai Margery dogh? of gregory decons crist’ iij dai Ric' so of Ric' lucas crist’ iij dai francis doght of Thoms marseden crist viij dai Margret dogh? of John north cristenyd xiij dai Mergery doghº Ric Yats crist' xx dai Raiffe son of Lyon resebe cristyd xxij dai In maye A* RR Henric’ oct’ xxxv" John Sö of W* Halle crist’ xxv dai Octob? Thoms so of Thoms Bast crist’ x dai Nouebº Withm Nayler crist' xj dai John Sö Ric' Stanyngfurth crist’ xix dai Decebº Thoms so of Thoms Dungworth crist' x dai Hughe so of Dowso crist’ xx dai Thoms son of Robt. Broghton crist' xx dai In Januari - Sebeth dogh? John Robtsū crist' iij dai Agnes doghº of Thoms Walker crist' viij dai Wifim sö of Thoms Rychardsö crist’ xx dai In Februarij George Sö of Nycolas Rygway bast getn crist’ xvi dai Oſije (Tijurch in Çarlg (Time;. 2 I 5 Thoms so of Thoms wyn? crist’ xx dai John so of Wiſłm nebe crist' xxiij dai John doghº of Thoms nefi crist’ xxvi dai In Marche Margret doghº of Ric' borows cristynyd iſ dai Thoms Sö of W* grene crist’ iii; dai John Sö of Ric' Cudworth c x dai In Aprett Lyon Sö of Ric' Smyth cristenyd xvi dai Nycolas Sö of Robt grene c xxj dai Eljab; doght of george adāsó c XXjdai Eljab; doghº of Thoms Ferand c xxvi dai In Apreth Anno Regni Regis Henrici octavi xxxvi" John Sö of John pudse cristynyd xxv dai In Maye Agnes dogh? of Ric’ turner cristyned ij dai Anne doghº of Henry worati crist' iij dai Thoms so of W* Wyghmā cristyend xj dai John Sö of Thoms byrhyn cristned xviij dai John Sö of Wiſłm grene christ’ xxj dai In June Johan doght of Ric' n - - - cristyned xiiij dai In Julye Johan doghº of Ric' forest cristyd xiiij dai Johan doghº of Wiſłm marty cristened xviij dai Mare doght of Lyan recebe cristened xx dai In August Alis doghº of John olred crist' xx dai In Septeb? Robt Sö of Thoms Hycke crist' v dai Rawland sô of Edmund Carre crist' vidai Johan doght of Ric' webst crist' xviij dai Johan doghº of Robt Sawrbe crist’ xx dai Thoms Sö of James teylzer crist’ xxiij dai Alixsand” so of Alixsād? wroe crist' xxvi dai In Octob? Ric' so of Thoms twyg crist' vij dai Anne doghº of Raiffe chalisworth crist' vij dai Noueb” Rose doght of John sweket cristyd iij dai Elgab; doghº of Robt. Dowke xj dai $Utiſtrijämt. Septeb! Robt Sö of oliuſ' leeke crist' iſ dai John doghº of xpro Hyth crist' vij dai Elżab; dogh” of withm ley crist' xv dai Agnes doght of W* waynwrygh crist xx dai Januarij Nycolas so of Edmüd Hyrst crist’ iſ dai Anne doght of lucas crist' xjdai Agnes doghº of Robt nayler crist’ xiiij dai w F ebruarij Thoms Sö of Robt gybsö crist' iij dai Eljab; doght of Ric' Sawthe crist' xj dai Marche Robarte so of John am'afi crist' xx dai Elżab; doght of W* wilso crist' xii; dai Herry doght of Thoms mortó crist’ xxvi dai Apreff Anne doghº of Ric’ cowwod crist' j dai W* Sö of Boton crist' V dai Anno Regni Reg Henrici oct' xxxvii May Rauland sô of John grene crist' iij dai John Sö of Withm grene crist' vidai Robt Sö of Ric' Brygg crist’ x dai In Januarij Eljab; doghº of gylbert crowder crist 1o dai Isabeit doghº of withm cawp crist' 13 dai Elgab; dogh? of Rog" Belmä crist' 14 dai John Sö of Robt grene crist’ 22 dai Februarij Eljab; doght of george palm” crist’ 2 dai Jane doght of Arthure Hync christ’ I 5 dai Withm sö of Ric’ Yole christ’ I 5 dai John Sö of Wiſłm grenway crist’ I 5 dai Robt Sö of Robt Sawrbe crist' 17 dai Margret doght of george gylbathorp crist' 18 dai John Sö of John gudeson christ' 19 Robt son of John Buttyng christ’ 22 dai ffranc so of Wiſłm Bracia christ’ 24 dai Anne doght of xpor Haryson christ’ 27 dai Qſìje (Tijurci, in Čarlg (Timeg, 217 In Marche Robt son of Henry Rods crist' I dai Thoms Sö of Robt. Jacsó crist’ 2 dai Thoms Sö of Thoms colte crist’ 5 dai Nycholas so of Wiſłm HopkysO crist' 7 dai Elgab; dogh? of John Snelle crist' 16 dai Anne doght of Thoms Kechyn crist' 17 dai Robt and Wiflm sons of Thoms Humyltö crist’ 20 dai John Sö of John Smyth crist’ 22 dai Rawland sô of Robt. shepd crist’ 25 dai Anne doght of John aston crist' 30 dai In Apréff Ric’ SO of Ric’ Yats crist’ 8 dai Anne doghº of John grayffe crist' 13 dai Johan doghº of Pet” saveg crist' 15 dai Johan doght of Thoms Hardgate crist' 16 dai In Maye Alexand? son of John Barwicke crist’ 10 dai Robt Sö of Wiſłm Stones crist’ I 5 dai Rott Sö of Wiſłm Wilso crist’ I6 dai Thoms so of Ric' Smyth crist’ 20 dai Robt Sö of John Carlynglay crist’ 23 dai Ric' so of John North crist’ 25 dai Robt Sö of Charls turton crist’ 27 dai Wiſłm sö of Withm Belle crist' yº last dai In June Mergerie doghº of Raiffe Donks crist' 3 dai francis Sö of John Stephen crist’ 20 dai Rawlande so of Thoms nefi crist’ 23 dai Rawlande so of Henry Dutton crist' 28 dai ffråcis so of John grene crist’ 29 dai August Margret dogh” of John Stanclyffe crist’ 2 dai John doghº Ric' oxlie crist’ 5 dai Robt so of Randeff Base crist’ 7 dai Withm sö Ric' walker crist’ 9 dai Alis doghº of Wiſłm Halle crist' To dai Withm sö of Hugh plyngton crist’ I 5 dai Johan doght of George Snydalle crist' 18 dai Septemb? 2 Ed 6 Hughe so of Edmund Thorpe crist’ 22 dai Withm sö leonarde Browne crist’ 25 dai Isabeft doght of Randeff Base crist’ 26 dai 28 2 I 8 330th crijam. Thoms so of Ric' turtö crist' 28 dai Johan doghº of George Geyst crist’ 29 dai John so of Thoms Snelle crist’ 30 dai Septemb? Margret dogh” of Ric Cowp crist’ 2 dai Alexand? so of Wifi Sands crist' 4 dai Margret doghº of Henry lawto crist' to dai Margret dogh? of John Swift crist' Io dai Edmund sô of Wiſłm Hole crist' 12 dai Rawland sô of Thoms Boswell 14 dai Ric' so of Robt. Grene crist' 19 dai Alis doght of Jams Wade of Sãdall crist' y' last dai Octob? Emote doghº of xpor wathouse crist 4 dai Elyn doghº of Thoms Andrew crist' 5 dai Thoms so of Robt waſthouse crist' 6 dai Alis doghº of Ric' Rawtheweft crist’ 20 dai Ric' so of John gelot crist' 12 dai Margret doghº of lawrance Shemelde crist' I 2 dai John dogh” of Robt Shepde crist' 15 dai John Sö of Henry foxe crist' 17 dai Anne doghº of Ric' Sands crist' 18 dai Withm sö of Nycolas Yngyll crist 22 dai francsó of John Walker crist' xxij dai Noueber Agnes doghº of Robt. James crist' 7 dai Margret doght Renald Rods crist Io dai Agnes doght of Wiſłm shay crist 12 dai Johan doght of John walker crist' 17 dai George so of Thoms marshaft crist' 19 dai Withm sö of Thoms locwod crist’ 22 dai Decebº John Sö of John Halle crist’ 2 dai Thoms so of George Barnslay crist' 18 dai Nicolas so of Nycolas plºen crist’ 22 dai Eljab; doghº of y” same Nycols crist’ 22 dai - Januarij Anne doghº of Robt. Birley crist' 3 dai Elgab; doghº of Nycolas pke crist' 3 dai Nycolas so of Nycolas plce cr' 3 dai Ric' so of John Weynwrygh crist' 4 dai Grace doght of Rott Cutbe crist 10 dai Luce doght of Withm Adáso cr 13 dai Qſìje (Tijurch in Çarlu (Timeg, i 2 I 9 februarij Margret doght of George Boswell crist 5 dai John Sö of Thoms Clarke crist' 8 dai M'gery dogh? of Edwarde robuc crist' Io dai Withm & Agnes chyldré of W* Button crist' 16 dai Margret doghº of John Walker crist' 16 dai Johan doght of Robt. Penyston crist' 16 dai John Sö of Nycolas Walker crist’ 26 dai In Marche Thoms so of John Robinso cr" 3 dai Kateryn d of Nycolas cut crist' 5 dai Johan d of Ric' Yngyi crist' 5 dai Margret d of Jams cutler crist' 5 dai George so of Ynkersefi crist' Io dai Thoms so of John Ellevus crist’ 20 dai John doghº of Richardso crist’ 25 dai In Aprefi George so of John Ynkerself crist’ 2 dai Thoms so of John Elwysse crist’ 2 dai John doght of John Richardso crist' 10 dai Ric' so of Thoms Willesö crist’ 21 dai - In Maie Anne doght of Robt. Buttyller crist 5 dai Isabell doght of Ric' Smyth crist' 13 dai Robt Sö of Robt. Hawkshirst crist’ 13 dai ffrance doghº of John Snelle crist’ 26 dai Withm sö of Thoms Swath crist’ 26 dai In June lawrance so of John Heywarde crist' 9 dai Wiſłm sö Wiſłm Spenser crist' 9 dai John Sö of Arthur Sor’son crist' I I dai Thoms so of Jams Swift crist' 16 dai lawrance so of lawrance cok crist' 16 dai Thoms so of Olyu' Satºweyte crist’ 23 dai Jane doghº of Renalde Knott crist’ 29 dai Julij Robt Sö of George Gylbathorpe crist' 7 dai Wifim sö w grayffe crist' 7 dai Agnes doghº of w Wattso crist 7 dai Anne doghº of Alixand? Wraye crº 7 dai Nycolas Sö of George RobysO cr" 14 dai Anno R.R6 Edwardii Sext' ºcio In August Nicolas so of Wifi Seccar crist’ 2 dai Eljab; doghº of John morton crist’ 2 dai 22O 33 pti; erigamt, Wifi sò of George Lynley crº 13 dai Elgab3 dogh? of Raiff Myln? c I 3 dai Robt sò of George Senyor c 13 dai Robt sò of John Hawkryég cxx4 dai Anne dogh? of Wifi per exxiii dai Wifi SO of Wifi Hawke c Xxix dai Jofin do of Jofin Somst c 1 dai Dronesse d of John Brownei c I dai El3ab3 d of Ric Shepd c 1 dai Septeber Margret dogh? John greyff c 8 dai Izabeth doght of Jams birkhed c 8 dai Nicolas sò of Herie Stanyngfurth c 21 dai Izabeti d of w Stons c 21 dai Cicile d of Thoms p'ston c 2 I dai Katrend of Wifi Rogº c 23 dai Ric sò of Wifi Watsò c 27 dai Rogº sò of w Smyth c 27 dai Thoms sò of Thoms clarke c 27 dai Mergret doght of Jofin mechel 27 dai Izabeti d of w Hafi ch 28 Octobº Agnes d of Wifim clayton crist 3 dai Georges of george hyllingworth csv dai Robt s of Robt Heye c xxv d Novebº Johan d of Robt sande crist' ix dai Hughes of gyls Robyson crs x dai Ric'sò of Thoms Hyfi crº x dai Margret doghi of Roger Belmà crist' xvj dai gylissò of Emar Hyrst c xvj dai Jofin doghi of John Sweket christ xxvij dai Nicolas so of Wffm westré c xiiij dai Isabeti doghi of Henrie marseden xx dai Thoms sòne of george haryson christ 25 dai Godfrey sò of Robt Wilson christ 25 dai Wifim sò of Jofin hawkeshirst c 27 dai In Januarij Ric' sò of Robt shepd christ 5 dai Nicolas so of Wifim birlay christ 5 dai Agnes doghi of Thoms Blaccar c 5 dai Nicolas so of John Knyght c 7 dai Margret doghi of Wiffm Wightma c 16 Qſìje Čijurch in Çarlg (Timeg, 22. I februarij Agnes doghº of Thoms Snelle c 8 dai Thoms so of Nicolas hogeson c 18 dai Lawrance so of John mason c 23 dai Anno regni regis Edwardi sexti quarto Marche Wiſłm sonne of nycolas Clayton christ' 9 dai Margret dogh? of Wiſłm Wilson c 9 dai Thoms sonne of Thoms locwod c 16 dai Elgab; doghº of Robt. Walker c 16 Nicolas sonne of Ric' silvest c 30 dai Aprell Alis d of Charls birton c 6 dai Thoms sonne of Edwarde Jones c 6 dai Margret doght of John shay c 1 I dai Johon Sone of John stanyngforth c xvi; dai Jams so of Raiffe west c xvi; dai Margret doght of Edmüd gurre c 20 dai Robt Sö of Thoms paroar c 27 dai Maie Drones doughter of gilbart Crowder c 5 dai Thoms sonne of John Snelle c 5 dai Anne doghter of henry revell c 6 dai Meriall doghter of Withm Wadde c Io dai dogh? of Thoms nowte c Io dai Anno Regni Regis Phi et Marie tertio 6 quarto è Anno Dñi I 556 mensis Septemb; In pºmis Roysey' dought of John Yngle cristened the vij daye godfather € godmothers Thomas Smythe Roise Westryne 6 Grace Berdsell John y” son of Rawfe Danks christined y” xxv day John Smyth John Cley godfathers 6 Margret wyfe of Jön Snef godm Thomas son of Ryc' Mariett cristined xxxvij day Thoms Hey Ryc Coo Agnes Brodbent godfathers 6 mother - October Alyes doghter of Wyllºm Ravlyn cristned yº flyrst day Henry Hyrst Alys Helywell 6 - Elsab; Hyrst godfat 6 godmother - Godfray y” sonne of Kateryne Chadburne cristened y” sext day Geffray Wyllane Roger Revett & Agnes Hole godfathers - - - - Thomas y” sonne of Jams Stuardson crist' yº vij" day Thomas Dicconson Nycholas Cutlove & Elsab; Wolkar godfathers 6 godm - - - - John y” sonne of Thomas Coo crist' y' ix day Henry Hirst 6 John Boswell 6 Isabeth Mowbrey godfathers 6 godmother John Sone of Jhn Băks cristened y” xj daie John Snelle Robt. Byrlay 6 Jenet Barlburgh godfath's 6 godmother 22.2 330th crijam. Robt Sö of Robt. Tagge cristenyd y” xij dai Rott Bate Withm Wynke 6 Mºgret Neil godfats 6 godmother Wyllºm y' son of Thomas Hübleton cristened yº last day Wyllºm Dodesom John Beyrdsell & Agnes Marshaft godfathers ( godm - - - - November Thom's son of Wyllºm Sunderland cristened ix day Thomas Clark Robart Swathe 6 Elen Dodworthe godfathers 6 m - - - - - - Margaret doghter of Hewgh Cleyton cristened y” xv" day Robart Sawod margaret Banks e margaret yngram godfath’ & godm ---- Nycolas son of Thom's Cutlove cristened y” xvi" day Nycolas Cutlove John Eyland 6 Johāna Barbare godfathers ( godmother November Isabeth doghter of Thomas Snett cristened y” xxiij" day Roger Wombwell Isabeth Symkynson 6 Elenor Whytmore godfather € godmothers - Alyce doght off Thomas Andrew cristened xxviij" day Rychard Hyt Alyce Stanyforthe e Alyce Broddysworth godfath? 6 godmothers December Royse dogh” of Henry Stanyforth crist' y' vſ" day Wyllºm Revet Royse Stanyforth € Kateren Houle godfather € godmothers s'. Thoms Cutfurthagh cristened xiij dai Robt cooke Rogº cote 6 ellenoure Witmore godfathers 6 godmother * Jhoan doght of Jams alanson crist' y' xv" day Robart Tagge Alyc Mytchet & Jhoan Blakeburne godfather € godmothers - * Ely;ab; doghter of Wyllºm Trippett crist' y” xvij" day Wyllºm parkar Johan Smythe 6 clemence lanton godfathe 6 godmothers Jhon son of John Bauns crist' y” xxiiij day Thom's Rychardson Robt. Bylclyfe € maystres Whytmore godfathers ( godmother Januarij Elsab; doghter of Robart Shepard cristened y” fyrst day Wyllºm parcar Elsab; Rawson 6 margaret banks godfather € godmo - - - - Anna doghter of John Hartley crist' y' iſj" day Thom's Dutton anne Dowke ( Isabeth Hartley godfather 6 moth - - - - - . - Wiſłm Stons cristenyd y” xj" daie Wiſłm Sands Thom's Clarke & Alis Clay godfad" € godmother - Eljab; cutler crist'yº vij" dai Ric' Sawod Eljab; Lillie 6 M? gret sneft godfad' ( godmothers Isabeth Mytcheft crist' yºxy" day John cawpestake Isabeth cutlove & Elsab; oke godfather 6 godmothers * John Garforthe crist' y” xvijº day Ryc' cokson laurance fletchar ( Isabeth cokeson godfathers 6 godmother - Thom's Swath cristened xviij dai Thoms Beket John Yole 6 Margret Hesyſł godfad" € godmother - Henry Robynett cristened yº xxix" day Henry Reueff John Buntyng 6 margery vicars godfathers ( godmother * - Qſb e Church in (Earlg (Times. 223 februari - Edmide gurrye cristened yº Xij" day Edmide Creswell Wyllºm Oke & Anne fernelye godfathers 6 godmother Thom's Robysa cristenyd xy daie Thös colt John clay 6 M'gret Bâks godfad" ( godmother Johan Brodbēt crist’ xviij dai Thom's Cutluff Johan Duke 6 Anne Bâks godfad' ('godmother Anne grene crist' y' xxij" daie laurance okes anne Jenkynso ( Agnes Marshalf godfad" ( godmother Marche Agnes doghter of Hughe Grene crist' yº secnde day John cley mayStres Swyft & Grace Sneh godfather € godmoth - - - - Robart chaster crist'yº iii" day Robt. Bate Thom's colte and Anne Jeynkynson godfathers 6 godmother * Eley Hübleton crestened ye xvi" day Wifi Wynke Eley Hirst 6 Johan Lynley godfad" € godmother - - Margery Nelson cristened yº xxv" day Robart Ellys māgery vicars 6 margret Worraf godfad" € godmothers Johan Juggeson cristened y” xxvi" day Rycharde grene margaret Oks & Ysabeth Colte godfad” 6 godmothers Grace Swayne cristened y” xxix" day Rycharde Heysyfi Grace Snefi & Anne ferneley godfather 6 godmothers In Aprifi Annº Dñi I 557 Margaret Hylton cristened y” xix" daie John Smythe Margaret Raulynson 6 Elsab; Rauson godfat - - - 6 godmo - - - - Rychard son of Wyllºm Cleyton cristened y” xxv" daie Rychard Whytmore Robart bate 6 Elsab; Lyllie godfathers ( godmo - - - - In Maye Wyllºm Badger cristined yºix" day Wyllºm Penystone Wyllºm Westrene 6 Elene caplewod godfath - - - - - - - - Margaret grene cristined y” x* day Thomas barwyke margaret coke & Elsab; grene godfather 6 godm - - - - - - Margaret Yngle cristined y' xxix" day Rychard Elvishe Margaret Havslen & Anne Hartley godfather 6 godmo - - - - - In August Wyllºm son of John machon cristened y” x" day Wyllºm Jenkynson John Capestake 6 Agnes Swyne hogge godfathers - - - - - - - - Johan doghter of Thom's Blakar cristened y” xij" day John Worati Margaret Cutloue 6 Johan Duke godfather 6 god - - - - - Agnes Brodbent crist' y' xvij" day Thomas Wylde Agnes Brodbent € Johana Bete godfather € godmothers - - John Son of Robart lavton crist' y' xviij" day John Yowth Henry Marsden 6 Johanna Cresweff godfathers ( godmother - John son of Thomas Cooke cristened y” xix" day John Yowth Thomas Sneth 6 margarett Hafyff godfathers 6 m - - - - - - Rycharde son of thom's Barwyke crist' y' xxiiij" day 2 24 330th crijam. In December Rose doghter of Nyc' Austwyke crist' y' vſ' day Wyllºm Berdseth Rose Westren 6 Marie Hüter godfather emot -- Isabeth doghter of Antony Saturthett crist' yº vijº day Agnes Watson crist' y' ix" day Elyn doghter of Robart Danson crist' yºxv" day John son of John Cley & Alyce dogh? of y" Sam John Cley cris' y' xxv" day Johan doghter of Rycharde grenewod crist' y' xxviij" day Cristover son of Wyſłm Bylclife crist' yº last day Januarij Wyllºm son of Thomas Rauson cristned yº vijº day ffebruarie John son henri chalesworthe crist' yº vij" day Wyllºm son of Wyllºm Wynke crist' y' xxiiij" day Marche Anne y” doght of Robart Dawar crist' yº vij" day Alycey' dogh” of John Heward crist' y' ixº day Elsabethe doght of John Sturton crist' yº xviii" day Wyllºm son of Wyllºm Hole crist' y' xviij" day Wyllºm son of Thomas Bete crist' y' xxvij" day Wyllºm son of lawranc Ocks crist' y' xxviij" day Elyn doghº of John Rychardson crist' y' xxviij" day In Aprefi Anno Dñi I 558. Edwarde son Rychard Yoyff crist' y' fyrst day Margarett dogh? of Raufe Holme crist'yº iij" day Margarett doght of John Sele crist' y' v" day John son of Robart Ellys cristined yº vij" day Grace doght of John Hynceclefe crist' y' ix" day Rychard son of Wyllºm Dawson crist' y' vſ” day Kateryne dogh” of John Lee crist' y' vi" day Robarte son of Robart Sha crist' yºxy" day Edwarde son of Edward fox crist' y' xxvi" day Elsabz doght of Wyllºm Hartley crist' yº xxvij" day Alyce y doght of James Byllam crist' y last day In Meij Elsab; doghº of Wyllºm Haryson crist' y' xj" day Wyllºm son Edwarde Swathe crist' y' xviij" day Grace y doght of Robart Cleyton crist' y' xix" day Johan y doght of George Boswell crist' y' xix" day Lyon y' son of John Swynhogger crist' y” xx" day francis son of Wyllºm Herryng crist' y' xxj* day Thom's son of John Shaa crist' y' xxij day Henry yº son of Henry Hirst crist' y' xxv" day Elsab; doght of Thom's Robynson crist' yº xxvij day Qſìje (Tijurch in Čarlg (Times. 225 In June I 558 Anne y dogh” of Wyllºm Kente crist' y' ix" day Thomas sonne of John Stanclife crist' y' xij" day Caterin y dogh” of Wyſłm Keylby crist' y' xvi" day Rychard sonne of Wyllºm Raulyne crist' y' xxvi" day Alyce doghº of Robart How crist' y' xxxj" day - In July Margery y doght of Wyllºm Westren crist' yºxx" day In August Thomas son of - - - - Spencer crist' y' first day Elsob; dogh” of Nycholas marsten crist' y' vij" day Wyllºm son of John Northe crist' y' xiiij" day Rychard son of Robart lucas crist' y' xx" day John y' son of Thom's Jepson crist' y' xxviij" day Cissely y doght of Wyllºm Waddy crist' y' last day September Elsab; dogh” of Jams Judson crist' ye first day Elsab; doght of Ottyweſt Arneffelde crist' y' iſ day John son of John Scorar crist' y' iiij" day Nycholas son of Gyles Robynson crist' y' xxij" day Agnes dogh” of Edwarde Walkar crist' y' xxv" day October Wyllºm ye son of Rycharde Rawlynson crist' y' first day Isabeti yº doght of John marsten crist' y' iij" day Anne y” doghº of Thom's Dawson crist' y' v" day Isabeth doght of Rychard grenwod crist' y' v" day Thom's son of Henry lee crist' y' vſ” day Alyce y doght of James Scote crist' y' ix" day John ye son of Wyllºm Harison crist' yºxy" day Rychard son of John Snefi crist' yº xv" day Mr. Wyllºm Swyft Rychard frenton € mestres beylyfe godfathers - - Elsabeth y doght of James Cutlar crist' yºxxiii" day Elsab; y doght of Rychard Brear crist' y' xxiiij" day Anney doght of Henry Cossyn crist' y' xxviii" day Anne y” doghº of John pkyn crist' y” xxixº day Agnes y dogh” of Wyllºm smythe crist' y' last day Novembre I 558 Wyllºm son of Rychard lucas crist' y” iij" day Wyllºm son of John Reveti crist’ xxvijº day December Alexander son of Nycholas Raulynson crist' y' vſ" day Isabeti yº doght of Wyllºm Yngle crist' y' xxiiij" day Johan y” doghº of Wyllºm cockson crist' y' xxviij" day 29 226 13 otherham. In Januari Elena y” doght of Henry lawton crist' yº first day Xpovery" son of Wyllºm frankyshe crist' yº iij" day Anne y' doght of John Banks cristined yº ii" day Elyn y” doghº of Thom's Rawson crist' yº º ay Catteyn y” doght of Robart Swathe crist' y” xiii" day Alyce yº doght of Artar Samson crist' y” xix" day Wyllºm y' son of Olyu' Saturwhet crist' yºxx" day ffebruarj Anne y” doght of John Stanyforthe crist' yºv" day Elyn yº doght of Rychard Grey crist' yº vij" day Margaretty" doght of Robart Waterati crist' y' xij" day Johna y” doght of lawrance lokwod crist' y” Thom's yº son of Symon Boswell crist' yº Wyllºm ye son of Thom's otter crist' y' xviii" day º day Marche Henry yº son of Wyllºm Shaa crist' yºxvij" day Robart son of John Hubarde crist' yº Rychard son of John Walkar crist' yº Siselie y' doght of Rychard Sheypard crist' y' xxx" day Anne y” doghº of Wyfi"m Sands crist' yº last day º * day Aprifi Anno Dñi I 559 Isabeti yº doghº of John Hunt' crist' y' iijº day Christovery" son of John Jackson crist' y” xviij" day Elsab; y” doghº of Robart Wylison crist' y' xxº day frances y doght of Johan Wylison crist' y' xxvii" day John y son of Rychard Maryott crist' y' xxix" day In May Margaretty doght of Edward Robucke crist' yºvº day John ye son of Henry Reveti crist' y' ix" day Agnes y” doght of Jenett Wodhaws crist' y” xx" day In June 1559 Anne y doght of Wyllºm Byrley crist' y' v" day Thom's yº son of Wyllºm Whilewright crist' y' xij" day Elenna y” doghº of Thom's Lockewod crist' y' xxiiij" day Henry yº son of John Bayns crist' y' xxiiij" day Gyles yº son Wyllºm greave crist’ xxviij" day - Julye Cateryn y dogh” of Rychard Westren crist' y' vij" day Jhon ye son of Wytºm Mytchell crist' yº }* day . George y” son of Robart Walkar crist' y” Anney doght of Thom's Jesope crist' y' xxij" day ffrances y” doghº of Wyllºm Wyghtmā crist' y' xxvº" day Qſb e (thurch in Çarlu (Times. 227 August Wyllºm ye son of John Hyndle crist' yº Mabell yº doghº of John Machon crist' yº Johann y doght of Roger Warys crist' y” xx" day xij" day September Alyce y dogh” of Nycholas Avstwyke crist' yº ijº day John ye son of Wyllºm Chaster crist’ xx;" day Isabeti yº doghº of Wyllºm Swayn crist' y' xxiijº day Octobre John y” son of Thom's Codlyng crist' y” first day Elsab; y” doghº of John Stanyforthe crist' yº vij" day Barbara y dogh” of John Snell crist' yºxy" day Rychard y” son of John Watson crist' y' xxij" day Johan y doght of John Reveil crist' y' xxix" day November Thom's y” son of Robart Sheyparde crist' y' xj" day Margaretty" doghº of John Silvester crist' y' xix" day Thom's yº son of Wyſłºm Dawson crist' y” xxv" day Decembre Elyn y doght of Thom's Nelson crist' yºx" day Alycey' doght of Wyllºm Tripett cristined y” xxj" day Januarye I 561 Willim Cutfurthiehaie 25 die bapt’ ffebruarye I 562 Anne Donke i die bapt’ Anne Gybson I die bapt’ George hynclyfe 8 die bapt’ Isabell Hydds eod" Withm Clinton 13 die bapt’ Raife Walker eodem die John Marsden 23 die bapt’ Marcius I 562 Thomas Cutler i die bapt’ James Jesappe eodem Elizabethe Bocher eodem Thomas Claie 7 die bapt’ Thomas Dawe eod Eadmund Haines eod Robart Penlington eod Robart Dawson eod ffrancys Grene 14 die bapt’ Alis Watson 21 die bapt’ John Marsden 21 die bapt’ Richard Lockwood 24 die bapt’ Elizabethe Wightman eod Wyſłm Revell 28 die bapt’ Anne Birlaye eod bapt’ Margarete Inman 30 die bapt' Aprill Thomas Lileman 5 die bapt’ Richarde Brodbent eod Beatrix Marsden eod bapt’ Anne Asheton 12 die bapt’ Alis Hill eod bapt’ Richarde Crosbie 19 bapt’ Anne Shawe eod Maye Thomas Grave I die bapt’ Edwarde Hutchenson eod Richard Wild eod bapt Margaret Rawlin 3 die bapt’ May 1562 Jayne Grenwood 7 die bapt’ Wythm Westryne 17 die Agnes Greye 17 die 228 330th crijam. John Cocke 24 die bapt’ francys Whelewright 24 die bapt' Elizabethe Okes 31 die bapt’ Junius Anne Cosinge 7 die bapt’ Elizabethe Ellys eodem die bapt’ Alis fanleye eodem die bapt’ James Hall eode" die bapt’ Richard Hayle 14 die bapt’ Elizabethe Robucke 14 die bapt’ Anne Lee eode" die bapt’ Wythm Heye 2 I die bapt’ Thomas Cutler eod die bapt’ Dorythye Ingle eod die baptizat ffrancys Oke 24 die bapt’ Anne Westrill eod die bapt’ Elizaibethe Woode eod die bapt’ Julius Raufe Devyns 28 die bapt’ Agnes Ingle eodem die bapt’ Thomas Robynet 12 die bapt’ Katerene Heule 12 die bapt’ Agnes frox 19 die bapt Margerye Shawe 19 bapt’ Robart Bainkes 25 die bapt’ Anne Mayson 25 die bapt’ Alys Bonehouse 26 die bapt’ John Ottewell 26 die Ellene Nutte eod die bapt’ Augustus Richard Rocklaye 2 die bapt’ John Courtnaye 9 die bapt’ Nicolas Goodeson 9 die bapt’ August I 562 Thomas Meller xv die bapt’ Henrye Brownell xv die francys Northe xv die bapt’ George Person xxiij die bapt’ Elizabethe Shawe xxx die bapt’ Margerye Colyer eod die bap' Anne Scorer eod die bapt’ Septembre Ranald Hyll xii; die bapt’ Wyſłºm Hynche eod die bapt’ Joan Rooper eod die bapt’ Wyllam Robynson xx die bapt’ Eadmunde Cutlove eodem die bapt’ Martha Tayler xxij die bapt Robart Otter xxvij die bapt Octobre Margarete Swaythe iij die bapt Elizabethe Coosyn eod die bapt' John Shepleye xvii; die bapt Leonarde Browne eod die bapt Alexandre Machon eod die bapt’ Thomas Saterwhet eod die bapt’ Anne Cuitte eod die bapt' Novembre Margarete Smythe viij die bapt’ Thomas Hudson eod die bapt' Agnes Jopson XXij die bapt John Ratcliffe xxix die bapt Agnes Elleson eodem die bapt Graice Lucas eodem die bapt Decebre Wifiem Asheton 20 die bapt' Cicylye Marsden 21 die bapt' Januarye I 563 ffrancys Ragge 3 die bapt' Hughe flysher eodem die bapt’ Nycolas Batlaye x” die bapt James Stuerdson eod die bapt Withm Dauson xvijº die bapt’ Jesp Howmes eod die Elizabethe Greene xxiiij" die bapt Withm Revell 30 die bapt februarye francys Bynnes 7 die bap' Richarde Ashemore eod die bap' Henrye Garret eod die bapt' Grace Byrleye eod die bapt John Walker xj die bapt' Wifim Tagge xiiij die bapt' Margaret Judson eod die bapt Wyſłm Burton xxiiij" die bapt Withm Dawson xxviij die bap' Nycolas Dawer eod die bap' Marche Thomas Hayward vſ" die bapt John Walker eod die bapt Qſìje Čijurci, in Çarlu (Lim eg. francys Cooke eod die bapt Joan Dughty eod die bapt Robart Smythe éod die bapt Richard Robinson xij" die bap' Withm Walker eod die bapt’ Robart Dawson xxj die bapt Nycolas Bankes xxiiij die bapt Agnes Heringe eod die bapt’ Dorythye Dutton xxvij die bapt’ I 563 Graice Daweson eod die bapt’ Anne Robynson eod die bapt April 1563 John Cockes iij die John Marshall eod die Anne Armitage eod Aprill Margarete Revell xj die bap' Robart Walker eod die bapt’ John france eod die bapt’ Graice Steven xij" die bapt’ James Bromeleye 25 die bapt’ Anne Boswell eod die bapt’ Maius Margarete Dawer I die bapt’ Jóan Closset eod die bapt’ Laurence Dawson ix die bapt’ John Wright eod die bapt’ Launcelet Cawthorne xvi die bapt’ Jóan Waydye xxix die bapt’ John Pyttes xxx die bapt’ Junius Elizab; Revell xij" die bap' John Baynes xx” die bapt Julius Elizabethe Ragge xj die bapt’ Elizabethe Rovelleod die bapt’ Anne Roydes eod die bapt’ Augustus Richard Wood I die bapt’ Richard Rawson 8 die bapt’ Robart Eliot xv" die bapt’ Nycolas Gest xxij die bapt’. Grace Ameras eod die bapt’ Margerye fox eod die bapt’ Cycilye Oke eod die bapt’ Isabell Ingle xxix die bapt September Agnes Otter xij die bapt Helene Okes eod die bapt’ Rychard Cosyne xix die bapt’ Katheren Blacker eod die bapt’ September 1563 Thomas Wynter xxj" die bapt John Austwyke xxvi die bapt’ Alys Ingle eod die bapt' Elizabethe Ragge eod die bap' Ellen Hoyland eod die bapt’ Rychard Dyconson xxix die bapt’ Robrt Hyrst eod die bapt October Thomas Kent 3 die bapt Robrt Nayler eod die bapt’ Elizab; Ealand eod die bapt Nycolas falleye x" die bapt' John Scorer eod die bapt' Alys Smithe eod die bapt’ Richard Wood xxiiij die bapt November Mychael Andrewe vijº die bapt Alys Robynet eodem die bapt' Alys Dawes eodem die bapt' Andrewe Cleyton eodem die bapt Anne Marsden xxviij" die bapt Decembre Antonye Brodbent xij die bapt Thomas Wilson xix die bapt Margarete Boswell eod die bapt 23O 38 otherijam. jtil a tria g º 3. Julie y' y' of 6' lord God meccccxl A" Rege Hè O xxxi.;" Julye Roger Sekker € Elzabet Stanyngfur maried xv. dai Thoms arken € Elzabet Emson maried xvi; dai Henry penysto è Elzabet frape maried xxv dai In August Roger Belmă 6 Jane galthorpe maried xy dai October Ric' Nalar 6 anne Wilson mari x dai laurence locwode Cateryn Baldºston mar' Xx dai In Aprefi A" Regni Regis Henric’ oct' xxxiii; Thoms frannc & Johan Ryge maryd y last dai - In Maie John Rodes 6 Johan Mole maried ij dai John flat” (: Agnes alanson maryd is dai In June Thoms Gest 6 Rose cawode maryd xj dai Roger Genway 6 Elzab; Hüt maryd xix dai In July Thoms Geyst 6 Rose cawode maryd iij dai Jams Swift 6 Johan Waynwrygh mar" vij dai Rog" Grenewai e Elzab; Hüt maryd xjdai In Auguste Arthur Inche 6 Izabeth Westaff maryed Xij dai Edmüd Hyrst 6 Margſy Martyn maryd xxvijdai In Septeb' Austen Andrewe & Elzab; Butre maryd y iij dai John Robinet & Johan trepet maryd v dai Ric Webste Agnes symsö maryed xxvi dai In Octob? Robt. Wilson 6 Isabeth carre maryd viij dai In nouéb' Gylis Robtson 6 Alis Rawson maried ij dai In aprefi Ric' Watson 6 Alis gelott maryed x dai Withm Westryn 6 Rose Borowes maryed xxijdai Qſìje (thurch in (ºarlu (Times. 23 I Anno Regni Regis Henric’ Octaui xxxv" •º In Maie John Shaye (; Jane cawode maryed xxx" dai In July George ynge ( Agnes Wylle maryed x dai In Novéber Edmund Gurre 6 John - - - malyed xij dai John Rods & Agnes Page maryed xix dai In februari John Hylle 6 Johan hale maryed iſ dai Anno Regni Regis Henrici Octavi xxxv," In June Wiſłm Button & elzab; pkyn maried xy dai In Julye Nycholas pkyn & Kat'ryn Bełł maryed xv dai John mecheft 6 margeri colzer maryed xxij dai In August - Thoms Halle 6 margret Johnson maryed xxvi dai In Septebº Ric' Woralle 6 Jenet pronce mared xiij dai Withm Woralle & Agnes Bracia maried xxvi dai Thoms Longwode € Agnes Taylzer maried xxviij dai In Octob? Thoms Twygg Agnes helis maried xix" dai Thoms Cobt 6 Isabeft more maryed xxj dai In Novebº Withm grenway 6 Johan Wattso maryed ij dai John Wynte Johan leyke mared iij dai Thoms nawtte & Alis Hydds maried viij dai George Dalto & Johan Clarke maried viij dai John Buntyng 6 Margery Walker maryed xvi day Wiſłm Bower & Ely Croslay maryed xvi day Robt grene & Johan leyg maryed xvi day Hughe plabe & Alis Rawlin mared xxiij dai Henry Bryght © John Hayryng mared xxiij dai Randyl Base & Johan Woodhowse mared xxv dai A” RR Henric’ Octaui xxxvi; In June Withm Bełł 6 mergery Beth maried x dai 232 330th crijam. In Februarij John playn 6 Johan Pep maried vij dai Anno Regni Regé Edwardi sexti primo Septeb' Wiſłm Clayton € Elzab; Bekett maried xxvij daie Octob? Henry lawton 6 Mabeth Dayveti maried yº ij dai Robt watson 6 Agnes worati maried ij dai John Wodhowse and Agnes Kessurde maried 16 dai John Hawkeshyrst 6 alis Walker maried 23 dai Thoms Waynwryght 6 Elzab; Penystó mar' 25 dai Henry Wod & Agnes Smyth mar' 30 dai Nouéber James Hare 6 Isabeth Penyston mar' 13 dai Withm Swynden & Betresse Heywarde mareid 20 dai * George Palmer & Agnes Dodlam mar' 21 dai Rott Rawden € Isabeft Mylnes mar' 26 dai Withm Birlay € Agnes Worati mar' 26 dai Rog” Okes and Elzab; Yngyi mared 15 dai John Halle and Agnes Yngyff maried 22 dai Withm Watson and Agnes Birtrycke maried 22 dai Thoms Swath 6 Jane Neyler maried 24 dai Thoms Syks & Johan tagge mared 28 dai Anno Regni Rege Edwardi Sexti Scdo In Aprett Robt. Haldă 6 Agnes Brodbent maried xx dai laurance Shemeld & Elzab; Waynwryght maried xxix dai George bosweth € Agnes Fawz maried xxix dai Rauffe Danks ( Isabeth nelson maried xxx dai In Maye Withm Robtson 6 Johan Hyds maried 1 dai. Henry Stopbrygge & Johan Cart maried 1 dai George Safweyte Johan Scott maried 1 dai Ric' Walker & Agnes Hare maried 20 dai June Wifim leymes 6 alis Holte maried 4 dai Thoms Andrewe 6 M'gret Hyff maried 6 dai Simon Boswell 6 Elzab; Weyte maried 10 dai Robtlee 6 Margret garret maried Io dai Oliuſ’ Satºweyte € Johan wade maried IO dai leonarde Browne & Johan Prynce maried 17 dai Ric' Melor and Elzab; shepde maried 19 dai Oſije Churci, in Čarlu (Timeg, 233 John Hawkshyrst 6 lucie sheyls maried 24 dai Ric' Myln't Alis colzer maried vltimo die Robt. Neweft 6 Mºgret Hege maried vlto die In August Wiſłm Claytó 6 Johan Thurguland mard 3 dai John Stele 6 agnes Reysebecke mar’ 4 dai John gooddeso ( Isabeth Jameso maried Io dai Roger Ottlay € Mºgret nodder mared 15 dai John Slake 6 Katry pken mar' 25 dai Robt. Bate & Johan Beket mar' 26 dai Otiweth Hyndle 6 Elzab; Stanyngfurth mar' 3 dai Wiſłm greaffe & Johan shawe maried yº last dai Octob? Robt. Bemonde & Alis Holand mar’ 7 dai Nycolas gest 6 Elzab; Wilso mar' Io dai Robt.pker & Alis Cuttloff mar’ 11 dai John Mecheff & Elzab; leyms mar’ I 5 dai Jams Cutler e Johan Pºnce mar' 17 dai Edmüde Wittlay 6 Jenet Wicarslay mar' 22 dai Withm Haddason 6 Agnes Wryght maried 13 dai Noueb” Henri Stanyngfurth € Elzab; Stanyngfurth mar'7 dai George Lynlay € Johan Triket maried Io dai Henry Colenson & Alis eliso maried 12 dai Januarij Henry Marshede € Johan grenwode maried 24 dai Robt. Dossy 6 alis Barker maried 24 dai Wiſłm Wyghtmä & Elzab; Oxlie maried 26 dai John Richardson alis Weyte maried 27 dai John Clid € M”gerye Wodde mared 29 dai Thoms Hyll alis cudworth mar' 29 dai februarij Robt. Dawson € Alis Hewode mar’ Io dai A° Edwardi sext tercio In Maie John Cleytó Agnes Jesup mar' xviij dai Robt. Walker 6 Elzab; Richardsö mar' xviij dai Rog' Wilso e Anne Moydie mar' xviij dai Withm Shaye & John Hatt'slay mar' xx dai Robt. Haldam & Agnes Nayler mar’ 18 dai June Roger Wilson 6 Anne modie mar’ vij dai Thoms Sowth Elig caryngton ma' xij dai Thoms Holyngworth € Elzab; Rawcroft mar’ xx dai John Cutteller & Elzab; Pykden ma' xx dai 3O 234 330th crijam. - Julie Thoms Cooke & Kat'en Treket mared 4 dai Anno regni regis Edwardi Sexti quarto In Apraeff Withm Bilcliff and Alis Hardgate mariede the Io daie In Maye Rolande Grenway and margret Swifte mariede the 18 daie Withm Bilcliffe Elzab; Hardegate mar' 23 dai Ric' Warde and grace Spone maried vltimo die In June John Rigg and John Westron maried the 5 daie Nicolas Bullos and Kateryn Ardron maried 5 daie John Heyland 6 mºgret Stele maried 25 daie In Julye Thoms Cutloff and John Key maried 6 dai Anno Regni Regis Phi et Marie tertio 6 quarto € Anno Dñi I 556 mensis Septemb; It" lawrance lokwood 6 Ane Shepd was maryed y” xii; Henry Peersone 6 Elyn Walkar 'was marvd Vºxxi da Withm frankys 6 Margaret Payne j yd y XX] day John Guddyson 6 Eley Bramafi maried y' xxiij daye Nycholas Avstwyke & Elyzab; Hunter maried y” xxvij day October George Boswell 6 Elsab; Beymūde maried y' iij" daie Robart cade € Agnes Oks maried the iiij" day Thoms Bete & Jenet Swene maried xx" daie Anno Regni Regé et Regine Phi et Marie tcio 6 qrto et Anno Dñi I 556 In Menso Nouèbr Nicolas Mºsden 6 John Birlay maried yºxv" daie aliſt Dogsö lawrās Cutler & M'gret Wilkenso mar' xxiiijº da Henrie Halsworth € M” gret Hole maried xxiiij" dai In Januarij Pet? hanso e M?gret Woodafi maried xxvi" da Thoms Mariot maried xxvi daie In februarij John Symson 6 Elzab; Turner maried º dai John Harisö € Mºgret Esshalle maried Anno Dñi I 557 In Maie Geiffrey Willane 6 Mºgret Yngram maried xj daie Oſije Čijurch in Čar Ig QT integ. 235 In Julie John Capestake & Elzab; Yngram maried xx daie - In August Thoms Robynson 6 Alis Garfurth maried xxix daie Septeb! - Otiwell Harmfeld & Alis Yngle maried xxviij da t In Novéber John Yowle & Alyce Greave maried yºxxvijº day In Januarij Nycholas Robynson 6 Isabeth Godley maried yºxvi" day George Jenkynson 6 Johan Dewke maried y” xviij" day Rychard Veyrey & Elsabethe Rawson maried yºxxiiij" day Anno Dni 1558 John lepton & Elsab; Brownefi maried yºxxvi" day In Apreff Adam ffysshar & Kateryn bate maried yº xxv" day - In May Henry Godyson 6 Dianes Hirst maried yº vij" day Peter fernley & Margarett Banks maried yº ix" day Leonard Hwett & Elzab; Sanderson maried y” ix" day In June John norbarne and Anne Sykes maried yº vij" day John Rawlyngyfi & Johan hartley maried y” xix" day John asheton 6 Margaret Smythe maried y” xxvi" day In July Rychard Turton € Emott cutlar maried y” iij" day Artur Ynce & Agnes hoylande maried y” * da Wyllºm haryson 6 Isabeft horsfawfi maried yº }x ay Stevin browme 6 Elsab; lyllie maried y” Simon Lee & Johan hawkshyrst maried y” º day George Coks & Alyce tomlynson maried yº Robart Adwen 6 Isabeth oxley maried y” xxiiij" day August M. Wyllºm Whytmore 6 Syscelie pcare maried yºxvi" day In September John Marsden & Alyce Thorgolande maried yº xj" day John hubbarde 6 Elsab; Cutfurthaw maried yºxij" day Wyllºm Brodbent 6 Agnes Awcoke maried y” Thom's hale & Jenett Levyns maried y” Brian Myln't Katteryn Jepson maried y” xxvij" day Octobre - Heughe Grene 6 Margarett birley maried yº iij" day |wi * day 236 380th crijam. Robart Dogeson 6 Margarett Wyles maried y” Nouembre John Smythe and Isabeth Shaa maried y” vi" day Wyllºm cleyton & Elsab; Dogeson maried y” xij" day Thom's Jesope & Johan Smythe maried y” xxiii" day Roger Warrys 6 Margarett Elyott maried yº - John Wodeheyd & Caterin Wryght maried º day John Wells 6 Ciscelye dyson maried y” In Januarij Thom's Worraf 6 Johan Curtes maried yº John Yngle 6 Elyn hawfi maried y” º day John Wynter & Johan Crosley maried y” Alixander Movne 6 Elyn Ellot maried y” xvij" day 2th d Thom's colyar & Elsib; cawthorne maried y” º ay Anno Dñi I 559 Apriff - Rawfe Yngle 6 Elsab; Waddie maried yº ixº day John Worraf 6 Johan Gurrie maried yºxj" day George Geyst & Johan Bete maried yº Wyllºm haryson 6 Alyce Sponer mar’yº Wyllºm Sawrbie & Anne Worraf mar’yº Omfrey hawsley & Elyn Brodbent mar’y" Thom's Wood 6 Margerie Vicars mar’y" John Water & Anne grene maried y” Thom's hirst 6 Anne gybson maried y” xxvij" day xvi" day xxiij" day In May Edward pendleton & Elsab; alenbie maried y” xxviij" day In June Thom's Stele 6 Elsab; Conesbie maried yº iij" day Philype buntyng 6 Isabell danks maried y” xviij" day Heughe Watson 6 Elsab; butlar mar’y" Raufe Swyft 6 Anne feron maried yº º day Thom's asheton & Johana abdye mar’y” In Julye Nycholas tym 6 Johan Creswell mar’y” John Ellys 6 Isabeth Yowyff mar’y" Ronolde Walker 6 margarett Dutton mar’y” Henry Yates 6 Cateryn Rawson mar’y" |xvj" day Antony Saturtheyte & Alys Swalowe mar’y" Wyllºm Oke 6 Elsab; Wylkynson mar’y" Robart Burgon 6 Anne Sands mar’y” Thom's Inman & Elsab; Overałł mar’y" xxx" day º day | day }xi" day xvi" day } day }º day - September Thoms dawson bur' y” Adame flyshar bur’y" Agnes whytley vidua bur’y" iſ" day Agnes Swayn bur’y" iiij" day Thoms bete bur’y" ix" day Elsab; doght of Jams judson bur’y" xiiij" day Thoms Ryles bur’yº ...th Robart Curlyngley a chyld bur' yº day John son of Toms humerston bur' y” ...ti Johan doght of Thoms badger bur’y" }xi day Elsab; y” wyfe of John worraft bur' y” xxiij" day Johan y” wyfe of Thoms homerston bur' y” xxv" day Jenett Caplewod buried y” xxvi" day Ottneff Inglebe bur’y" Agnes hankoke bur' y” |wiſ day Octobar Elsab; y” wyfe of barnard Elyott bur' y” first day Margaret Crosley wyddo bur' y” iſ" day Betteres swynden bur’y" iij" day Marion walkar bur' y” iij" day Elene y” dogh” of Rawfe yngle bur' y' vſ" day Vidua Crosley bur’y" vij" day Thomas Colyar bur' y” ...th x1* da Alyce doghº of James scote bur' r Jº day Thoms garett bur’y" xv" day John y” son of Wyllim plear bur’y" John y” son of Wyllim haryson bur' y” John hunter bur' y” xxj" day Henry hopkynson a sowgiar bur' y” xxiiij" day Edward haryngton alias darnely bur' y” xxvi" day | day 32 25O 38 otherijam. Wyllim dawson bur’y" xxix" day Johan y” dogh? of henry marsten bur' y” last day Novembre Janne y” wyfe of henry marsten bur’ye Elynne y” doghº of wyllm harryson bur' y” º day Robart gybeson bur' y” . . .th Agnes y” wyfe of wyllm haryson bur' º day Lavrance dogeson bur' y” v" day Jhon Conesbie bur' y” . . .th Jhon son of alys boswell a bastard bur’y" ki * day George nycson bur' y” Rychard Wodhowse bur' y” º day Isabeth dogh” of Rychard grenewod bur’y" Wyllim son of Jhon clarke bur’y" x" day Margarett bowman vidua bur y” xj" day ohn gudyson bur' y” ) ... {. º tº yº |iº day Lyon son of wyllm Swynhogge bur' y” xiiij" day Elsab; doght of Otnett arneffelde bur' yºxv" day Agnes y” wyfe of Rychard lucas bur’y" xvi" day Thoms heygate buried y” xij" day Anne y” doghº of Rychard yoyff buried y” xxvi" day Thomas Colte bur' y” xxviij" day Cristovº alias coke armestronge December Jenett y” wyfe of Thoms france bur' y” Agnes hopkynson bur' y” first day vXor Robart wade bur' y” Wyllin Ingle bur' y” iij" day Jenet haryson vidua bur' y” v" day Wyllim shaa bur' y” vi" day Jenett manne bur' y” vij" day John son of anne Smythe bur' y” x" day Nycholas lee bur' y' xj" day Ottewell hyds bur' y” Edwarde walkar bur' y” º day Agnes yº wyfe of John grene bur' y” Margaret yº wyfe of marmaduke holyle bur' y' xv" day Henry hyff bur' y' xvi" day Jenett ye wyfe of throuston humbleton bur’y" xvij day Henry penyston bur' y” Thoms cawthorne bur' y” Alys y” wydow of Thoms dawson bur' y” xix" day º day Alys garrett vidua bur' y” xx;" day Thoms appulyeard bur’y")...a 1. Alys barwyke bur' y” jºi day Qſìje (Tijurci, in Čarlg (Times. 25 I Robart lyster bur' y” xxv" day Johan y” doght of wyllm cockson bur' y” xxviij" day Alyce y” wyfe of James jugeson bur' y” xxix" day Oluer Elyot bur' y” Isabeti yº doghº of wyllm yngle bur' y” |hº day Wyllim y' son of Thoms mobrey bur' y' iſj" day Johan y” doght of Thoms wodhawse bur’y" vi" day Henry hovle alias Carlyff bury" vij" day Elsab; howeland vidua bur’y" th Jenett y” wyfe of John Colyar bur' y” }x day Beteresy" dogh” of Wythm waddye bur' yºxiii" day Wyllm tyngle bur’y" xviij" day - Isabeti yº wyfe of Thoms Colte bur' y” xx" day Alyce y doght of Artur sampson bur' yº xxiij" day Gartridge y” doght of symon dawson bur' yº xxviij" day Margaret V" wVfe of Thoms hauff bur’ v" ) - W. º bur' y” y }* day Rychard heryng bur' y” last day february Thoms wylde bur' y” ). Thoms playn bur' y” |ſ. day John Rygge bur' y” e tº º º George Daulton bur' y” jiàº. day Agnes Oxley bur' y” $ John y” son of Robart Elys bur' y” Alyce tomson bur' yº L--th Anne y” doght of Renolde Rods bury" }x day Anne Cowarde bury" xij" day Robart tatersauff bury" 2th Margaret doght of John worraf bur' y' }< day Jenet yº wyfe of xpou? helieffeld bury Xx" day Margery y” wyfe of wyllm cockeson bur' y' xxj* day Alyce kefar vidua bur' y' xxij" Elsab; wyllson bur’y" xxiij" day Alycey doght of John heward bur' xxx" day Thoms y” son of thoms wyllson bur' y” last day Marche Agnes y” wyfe of John deyne bur' y” Jenett kynge vidua bur' y” |- day Nycholas y” son of Nycholas hogeson bury” Henry dutton bur’y" vij" day Alyce Smythe vidua bur' y” xj" day John morton bur' y” Agnes y” wyfe of Thoms wylson bur' y” Margery hyrst vidua bur' y” Johan y doght of henry lee bur' yº }viñº day xiiij" day 252 330th crijam. Wyſłm y” son of wythm banks bur' y” xix" day Robart son of wyllm walkar bur’y" xxj* day Robart Eyr bur' y' xxvi" day Wyllin Tomason bur’y" xxx" day Apryfi Ann” dini 1559 George oots bur’y" iij" day John son of Ravfe watson bur' y' iij" day Jams scote bur' yº . . . . th John y' son of John Reveil bur' y' hiſ day Wyllim ye son of henr bate bur' yº º day Angnes y doght of wylm haryson bur Elsaby greves famula bur' y' vſ" day Rychard Rawlynson bur' y” ) .. i. hycke i. yº y }: * day Edward Smythe puer bur’y" xv.j" day John grene bur' y” xx" day Thoms Crosley alias Crabtre bur' y” xx" day Henry tomlynson bur’ vº g Mº º of jºin browke bur’y" º day Alyce y” wyfe of nyc' Raulynson bur' y” xxij" day Agnes y” wyfe of John jacson bur' y” xxiiij" day Anne y” wyfe of Rychard flawley bur' y” xxx" day In May Anne y' doght of John banks bur’y iii" day John grene famule bur' y' v" Thoms dyckonson bur' y' Nycholas hogeson bur' y” day º day Thom grene famulº bur' y' ix" day Cristover hawkerygge bur' y” x" day Anne y” wyfe of John Steven bur' y” ith d frances y doght of artar Juce bur' yº }: ay Elene yºdoght of Robart dawson bur y” xiiij" day Ollyfe sponer bur' y” xvi" day Margaretty" wyfe of Thomas sparow bur' y” xvij" day Jaune y” daught of Thoms Raulynson bury" ºxiiij" day In June John thorgolande bur' y” vij" day Edward swathe bur' y” vij" day John y” son of Thoms thorpe bur' y” xiiij" day Elsab; y” dogh” of John Swynden bur' yºxixº day John y” son of John barwyke bur' y” xxvi" day Elsab; andrew bur' y” July 1559 Wyllim haryngton alyas darnelye bur' y” iij" day Johan y” wyfe of Rychard herryng bur' y” xx" day Qſìje (Tijurch in (Earlg (Times. 253 Rychard y” son of John Snell bur' y” Margaretty" wyfe of wyllim mytchell bur' y” Elsab; y” wyfe of henry bower bur' y” xxviii" day Robart y” son of Robart tatersaufi bur' y” xxix" day - }xi" day Avgust Margaretty" dogh” of george palmar bur' y” xij" day Cateryn y doght of Rychard westren bury" xiiij" day Wyllim y” son of john lynley bur' y” xv" day Thoms Cocke bur' y” xx" day John Collyar bur' y” Margaretty" wyfe of Roger warys bur Margaretty" of Thoms Coke bur' y' xxviij" day John marston bur' y” xxx" day Isabeti yº doghº of John hudson bur' y' vij" day of septèber }* day September Cateryn y” wyfe of Robart wylde bur' y” xxj" day Wyllim son of wyllm stones bur' y” xxvij" day Octobre Elysab; barwyk vidua bur' y' iij" day Agnes y” wyfe of John teylzar bur' y” xv" day Johan y doght of Roger waris bur’y: Xvij" day Novéber Olde Jenett greane vidua bur' y' iſ" day Barbara y dogh” of john sneft bur' yº iij" day John y' son of antony butchar bur' y'ix" day Wyllim y' son of Rychard Raulynson bur' y” xvi" Alys dawar puella bur' y” xvijº day Thoms armetage bur' y” xx* day John Redfer bur’y" xxiij" day Isabelly doghº of wylliń swayn bur’yº Xxvi" day - - - - a pore man - - - - December Wyllim osbarstone bur' y' iij" day Isabet y doght of Robart Cudworthe bur’y" xij" day Lanslett base bur’y" xv.j" day Robart yngle bur' y' xxviij" day January Agnes y wyfe of Wyllim boswell bur’y"vij" day Nycholas y” sonne of george Robynson bur’y" ix" day John bronke bury" Jenett y' wyfe of Robart bate bur' yº Alyce y doghº of wylliń sands bury Kxv" day Elyne y' doght of wylliſ badger bur' yº xxvij" day }* day 254 330th crijam. l februarij Agnes y dogh” of John Watson bur' y' iſ" day Wyllim y' son of John asheton bur' y' xvi" day George cleyton bur' y” xiiij" day Agnes y doght of Robart hey bury' xxvº day John y” son of Edward Robyson bur' y” xxvi" day In marche Jennett hyſt bur’yº vij" day Cateren y” wyfe of thoms Ooks & Johan ),…, hys doghº bury" }vi day ffråncis y” son of george boswell bur' y” x* day John wode bur' y' xiiij" day Agnes y” wyfe of Rychard barwyke bur' y” xv" day Elysab; Car bur' y” xvi" day Nycholas pkyn bur’y" xxx" day Anno dni I560 Apreff Alyce woraft vidua bur' y” first day Robarte y' son of John atkynson bur' y” v" day Cateryn fisshar vidua bur’yº º day Jenett greaves son bur' y” º Isabelly" wyfe of Robart wylson bur' y” xvij" day Rycharde y” son of John walkar bur' y” xx day Cateren y” wyfe of charls barley bur’y" ...th Rycharde lawnde bur' y” }< day - – - chard claksston bur' y” - - - ateryn Cudeworthe vidua bur' y” }* day \ In may - - - yee y” wyfe of Thoms nawte bur’y" - - - teryn y” wyfe of stephen flake bur' --- gnes y doght of wyllm dawson bury" - - - nett y” wyfe of Thoms guddyson bur' y” iij" day - - - yones y” wyfe wyllm dogeson bur' y” v" day Thoms y” son of wyllm dogeson bur' y” xij" day Rychard Coks bur' y” xiiij" day Rose y” wyfe of Wyllim westren bur’y" xv" day Elysab; y” wife of John yngle bur' y” xvij" day Wyllim Revell of brinceforthe bur' y” xix" day Wyllim kente of thorpe bur’y" xx" day Thoms y” son of wyllm Revell bur' y” xxiij" day Cateryn gybson vidua bur' y” xxiiij" day first day In June John hynceclife bur' y” | º º Margery lane bur’y" vij" day Alyce dawson vidua bur' y” xvi" day "THE DUKERY." Sherwood Forest. | S the entire edition of both large and Small paper copies of this book is now exhausted, and having had repeated applications for large paper copies, which I have been unable to supply, I have decided upon printing a limited number for those who desire to possess them. In preparing this New Edition I have re-investigated the authorities, and have made such corrections as were necessary, and such additions as I have deemed desirable. A | - The several chapters have been revised by their respective writers, and important additions and improvements will be introduced. The Rev. J. MAGENs MELLO, M.A., F.G.s., has written a New Chapter on “The Bone Caves of Cresswell Crags,” embodying the remarkable results of that gentleman's explorations, which will be fully illustrated. An interesting chapter, containing the most accurate information respecting the “Hero of the Ancient Minstrelsy of England,” Robin Hood, will form, it is believed, an appropriate and suitable addition to the book. One of the illustrations to this chapter will be a wood engraving, purchased by me at the Hugo Sale, as the original block used on the title page of the Robin Hood Garland, 1670. Professor HUBNER, of Berlin, has kindly promised assistance as regards the Roman Cists at Clumber. About twenty illustrations will be added, including several of Welbeck, making altogether about sixty, and I feel confident that the additions will be of a character and quality which will be fully equal to those in the first edition. EDWARD WARREN, Esq., Member of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours, and JAMES BALDock, Esq., whose pictures of Sherwood Forest are so well known, have each promised assistance in this department, and through the kindness of John MURRAY, Esq., I shall be able to add several additional engravings to the chapter on Clumber, from drawings by the late Sir CHARLEs BARRY. The general character of the book will be best understood by those unacquainted with it, by the following reprint of the original prospectus. E. E. -> E- - *-*. º- wº * º * - -.** *ºf º-Eſ -wjº #Wº fººl HE general desire which we see manifested in the present day “to gather up the §§§ fragments,” and secure permanent records of the past, as well as of that which is fast }ºj passing away, is one which we feel should be fostered and encouraged. It is under such impressions that the work now announced is conceived, the aim being to glance briefly at Worksop, with its long line of ancient Lords, its ecclesiastical antece- dents, and its nearly forgotten antiquarian relics—“The Dukery,” with its illustrious residents, historical associations, and the venerable and “Merrie Sherwood’—of world-wide fame. A scrupulous adherence to historical facts has been the leading thought in the preparation of this work; and the British Museum, the Bodleian Library, and other public and private sources have supplied much important and hitherto unpublished material. The various details and architectural peculiarities of the monastic and domestic edifices, as well as of such memorials of bygone times as have been thought worthy of record by pen or pencil, will form an important feature in the work; while the picturesque beauties of the noblemen's seats in the district will not be overlooked. - * - Conspicuous among these latter is Clumber, the seat of the Duke of Newcastle, which never was so rich in works of art as at the present time, in consequence of the very large additions of valuable pictures and articles of vertu from Carlton Terrace (the former town-house of His Grace the Duke of Newcastle), which are now displayed within its favoured walls. Within the last eight years the former house at Thoresby has given place to one of the most magnificent mansions in the country. Here art and wealth have seemed anxious to contribute to a fabric as unusual as its situation and the forest Scenery which surround it are unparalleled. Welbeck Abbey will be found, from the descriptions in the pages of this book, to be the most remarkable place in England, as far as regards the magnitude and peculiarity of the works now in progress there, and the enormous expenditure of wealth thereon by its noble OW1161. - - - To add to the interest felt by the thousands who annually visit “Merrie Sherwood,” the romantic haunt of Robin Hood and Little John, the publisher has the pleasure to announce that the Rev. John Stacye, M.A., has kindly contributed an exhaustive chapter “On the Ancient History of Sherwood Forest.” Dr. Spencer T. Hall, long known as the “Sherwood Forester,” and a very popular writer, has also kindly contributed a chapter on “The Land of Robin Hood ;" and the best descriptions of the Forest by preceding writers on the subject will, for the first time, be gathered together. W. J. Sterland, Esq., author of “The Birds of Sherwood Forest,” has contributed a chapter on “The Zoology of Sherwood Forest,” with which is incorporated a list of the Lepidoptera, from the papers of the late John Trueman, the well-known forest entomologist, with additions by R. E. Brameld, Esq. The late John Bohler, author of “Zichemes Britannica,” and who for upwards of thirty years was a wanderer in the forest, contributed, a few months before his death, its hitherto unpublished “Flora,” in which he has given a most complete list of the Cryptogamic plants (and of the fungi particularly) which are found within the favoured precincts of Sherwood. . . - The Geology of the district has not been overlooked, this chapter having been kindly written and illustrated with a geological section, in colours, by C. Tylden-Wright, Esq., F.G.S., whose practical experience well qualifies him for the work. - j In the Archaeological Department, the valuable assistance of the Rev. John Stacye, M.A., and the Venerable Archdeacon Trollope, F.S.A., has been kindly rendered, which will thus ensure the greatest obtainable accuracy. - - The work will be beautifully printed on toned paper, with old-faced type, and appropriate head and tail-pieces. A map of the surrounding district, including the new railways and roads, has been specially engraved on copper for the work. The illustrations, which are very numerous and first-class, have been engraved by Evans, Jewitt, Dalziel, Palmer, and others, and are due to the skilful pencils of W. R. Page, Esq., and W. F. J. Boot, Esq., London ; and other artists. & & There will be a few large paper copies printed on thick paper, with additional illustrations, including an Heliotype. - This edition will also contain a large skeleton pedigree, and a paper by Cecil G. S. Foljambe, Esq., F.S.A., showing that the noble Dukes of the Nottinghamshire “Dukery” have all descended from the celebrated “Bess of Hardwick.” This elaborate pedigree will be printed in colours, and emblazoned with the coats of arms of the several families, and a photograph of their maternal ancestor. - The steel engravings for this edition will be of a superior class, and the volume will in every way be adapted for the drawing-room table. . - ; wVD perhaps the following Notices of the Press will, to some extent, show how the promises contained in the annexed Prospectus were fulfilled. Gºvtracts from HRebirtmg, “This is one of the best topographical books we have met with for a long while. It is not the less acceptable on account of the author's modesty in disclaiming high pretensions for the result of what must have been long and loving labours. Notwithstanding his disclaimers, we fancy Mr. White must have pretty well exhausted his subject, the history and description of the localities in question. We do not observe that he has added anything of considerable importance to the already existing knowledge of the subject, but he has compiled diligently, carefully sifted, and deftly analyzed a very great mass of materials, some of which, howeves indispensable in that way, are void of all but local interest. Mr. White has the prodigious advantage of being what one may call an inmate of the district he has described so well and illustrated so diligently. It would be unjust to style the writer a compiler, except we do so in the most liberal and honourable Sense of the term. He has exceptional love for his task, and very valuable insight, intelligence, and considerable literary tact. . . . . . . . . In conclusion, let us commend this book to local antiquaries, and all whom it may concern to study the topography, archaeology, geology, botany, Zoology, and history of the district in question. The sections on the Flora and Zoology of Sherwood are extensive, and have evidently been produced with a great deal of care : the former, an exhaustive contribution, is by Mr. J. Bohler, the latter by Mr. W. J. Sterland ; the geological section, with a diagram, is by Mr. C. Tylden-Wright. . . . . The illustrations to this volume are, like itself, unpretending and good.”—The Athenaeum. . . . . “Mr. White has spared no pains or expense to produce a handy volume of the principal points of interest which centre round the Forest of Sherwood, and the historic pile of Worksop Priory. Several chapters in the book have been written for Mr. White by the Rev. J. Stacye, by Archdeacon Trollope, and Mr. C. Tylden-Wright. . . . . . Other contributors help to bring up the volume to a most excellent standard, and the whole forms one of the most com- plete works upon local archaeology and natural history that has ever been set before the public. . . . . . . The Rev. J. Stacye's chapter on the “Ancient History of Sherwood Forest” is as interesting as any in the book, and contains accounts. of the customs of the Forest, the game, the gradual progress of the imparcation and enclosure. The “Land of Robin Hood” is a chapter contributed by 1)r. Spencer T. Hall, and brings before us in lively imagery the life and times of the merry hunter and his boon companions. . . . The volume aptly terminates with some extracts from the Churchwardens’ books which enables us to see how the local affairs of the parish have been carried on from the time of Queen IElizabeth. The numerous woodcuts with which the matter is illustrated are very beautifully executed, and cannot be surpassed for delicacy and pictorial effect. Journal of the British Archaeological Association. . . . . “The volume before us is the result of the research and diligence of a local bookseller. Mr. White found that existing books on the subject were either too cumbersome or too superficial; so he set himself to prepare a new one, and, by utilizing past work and the contributions of neighbours, be has compiled a volume which suffices for the tourist's guidance, and merits a place in the topo- graphical library. . . . That which will make the volume very acceptable to strangers to the district is the full and clear insight it affords to the so-called “Dukery.” “As might be expected in such a district, there is a wide field for the naturalist, and the publisher deserves the highest credit for having enlisted for his zoological, entomological, and botanical chapters the aid of such writers as Mr. Sterland, Mr. Brameld, and the late John Bohler. The geology of the neighbourhood is especially interesting. The flora is also, as might be expected, rich in lichens and fungi; and if Field Clubs did not restrict themselves to a day's march from home, we fancy Sherwood would be frequently visited. Mr. White's volume, which is }. printed and illustrated, is a serviceable pocket companion.”—The Saturday eview. | “A pleasant book about a pleasant place is always among the pleasantest of circumstances. Mr. White's work has further pleasant qualifications. He has written, compiled, and edited it; and he is both the printer and publisher. We should not be surprised to hear that he had drawn all the charming illustrations. He has shown infinite taste, at all events, in the selection of them, as, indeed, he has in every department of what it is not too much to call a perfect volume.”—Wotes and Queries. “Sherwood Forest, sacred to the memory of “bold Robin Hood, has received a valuable and charming addition to its literature in a volume recently issued by Mr. Robert White, of Worksop. . . . . The engravings are all charmingly executed from original drawings, and the typography of the volume is faultlessly beautiful. It is a worthy book on a worthy subject, and does great credit to its author and publisher, Mr. Robert White.—The Art Journal. - “Mr. White has shown great judgment in editing his work on Sherwood Forest. No one person can possibly undertake so wide a subject in all its details. Mr. White has been fortunate enough to find specialists upon each subject connected with the Forest—its ancient history, its zoology, geology, and flora. The best topographical book which is written upon this plan is Mr. Venables' Isle of Wight. Mr. White's book may be put upon the same shelf with it for completeness and general excellence. Mr. White's book has one great advantage; it is really wanted. As far as we know no guide-book of any kind to Sherwood Forest exists. . . . To the Sherwood scenery Mr. White has done full justice. . . . But besides Sherwood Forest, Mr. White's work deals with Worksop and the Dukery, forming a complete guide-book to the whole of the district. A book which is so compre- #. and so useful is sure to soon go into a second edition.—The Westminster 6?)?62D. “It is with pleasure that we welcome this charming addition to our English local histories. . . We can only name the final subject, but it is one whose name is in itself a host—Sherwood Forest. Half the book is given to it, and it is too short for the interest it excites. The zoology, the geology, and the plants of that renowned Forest are treated separately by expert hands. A guide map of the tract of country completes this really admirable Monograph. The illustrations are remarkably good. . . The printing, executed at Worksop, is equal to the best London work.”—The Bookseller. “Under the above pleasant and attractive, and at the same time comprehensive, title, Mr. Robert White, of Worksop, has just produced one of the nicest, most readable, and faultless of topographical books. The volume, which is issued both in quarto and in octavo–the former containing much additional matter and many extra plates—is one of the best and most important additions yet made to Notting- hamshire bibliography, and is one of which the county may well be proud. . . . . Of the printing of the book it is impossible to speak too highly; it is perfection itself. The pedigree of the descent of the Dukeries, with its emblazoned arms, is a masterpiece of typographic art. The illustrations are on steel and wood, and all are good as can be. We commend the work very strongly to our readers, and trust Mr. White may long be spared to continue his loving labours in the district which his pen and his enterprise have thus adorned.”—The Reliquary. “This is a compact and useful volume, well got up, and ornamented with several really beautiful woodcuts of forest scenery. . . . . . Mr. White is full of informa- tion, and writes really well. The description of the Parish Church, a fragment of the old Augustinian Priory, contrasts most favourably with many works of much higher pretension. . . . An important feature in Mr. White's book is the number of facts it contains bearing on the social life of the past. All this is well done—so well, indeed, that we wish there was much more of it. The article on the ancient history of Sherwood Forest, contributed by the lèev. J. Stacye, is excellent. We wish he would enlarge it into a history of that celebrated and picturesque domain. The papers on the geology and Zoology of the district are also remarkably well done.”—The Academy. - “This is the title of a well got up volume, published by Robert White, of Worksop, on the topographical, archaeological, geological, botanical, and Zoological features of this, one of the most charming places in Great Britain. It is well and clearly written, and equally well illustrated, and will, no doubt, be received by the public as the best guide to the district that has yet been issued. The botanical and entomological lists are full and accurate. The chapter (with lists) on the “Flora of Sherwood Forest" is written by Mr. John Bohler; the zoology by Mr. W. J. Sterland, a well-known naturalist ; and the geology by Mr. C. T. Wright, F.G.S.—Science Gossip. . . . “He has done, good service to historical literature in bringing out, at the very reasonable price of three half-crowns, the neatly printed and well- illustrated book on Worksop, “ The Dukery,’ and Sherwood Forest, now before me, Which I have read with much interest. It is well-written, and every page teems with useful information. . . , . Mr. White might have made a readable book; but he has done more, for he has produced what must now be considered the standard book on Worksop, ‘The Dukery,’ and Sherwood Forest.”—The Masonic Magazine. “Mr. Robert White, of Worksop, has just issued to subscribers his new work, entitled “Worksop, the Dukery, and Sherwood Forest;" and so far as a hasty glance through its pages may serve to supply material for an opinion, it appears to be a work very creditable to its author, who is also its printer and publisher. Mr. White has an ambition kindred to that of the old printers, who worked at their craft from a genuine love of it, and left their best monuments in the now priceless tomes that have descended to our time. Several works have issued from his press that Will live in the memory of book lovers, and hand down his name to posterity. . . . The antiquarian parts of the book appear to be carefully and accurately done, while those of present interest are rendered attractive by good illustrations and a pleasant style of writing. Mr. White has produced a book containing many of the merits of a county history, with the popular features of a handbook for the visitor and tourist; and we cannot doubt that his work will receive such a hearty Welcome from the public as it merits.”—The Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. A book such as this has many sides of attraction; it will be welcomed at once by the scholar, the antiquary, the archaeologist, the genealogist, the student of natural history, and the general public. . . . That portion of the book which deals with Sherwood Forest will be found in the highest degree entertaining. . . . . To conclude, we repeat, that the book has our favourable opinion, and that it ought to have a place in the libraries of all those to whom the memories of Worksop, the Dukeries, and Sherwood are dear."—The Sheffield Telegraph. “This book could only have been written by an author intimately acquainted with the interesting portion of Nottinghamshire described, and one equally proud of its past associations and its present glories. It describes the past history of Worksop and its neighbourhood, the present aspect of the town, with the villages, mansions, and parks in the neighbourhood, and the writer extends his descriptions to Sherwood Forest, the zoology, geology, and flora of which are described in suc- cessive chapters. The work is carefully illustrated by interesting diagrams and engravings, and is sufficiently interesting to prove attractive to a far larger class of readers than the inhabitants of Nottinghamshire.”—Manchester Eaſaminer & Times. “We desire to call the attention of our readers to this admirable book just issued from the well known press of Mr. Robert White, of Worksop, who has already produced so many books illustrative of the topography of that district. The volume is beautifully printed, and illustrated with great taste and precision. The products of the pen and pencil of various gentlemen, well qualified to treat of the special subjects they have selected, are here brought together under one binding. . . . . The Volume is a credit to the district, and richly merits an extensive circulation.” —The Derbyshire Times. “We would not have it thought that Mr White's book now before us is a mere 'guide-book. It may be used as such, it is true, but it contains much more than is to be found in the ordinary tourist's companion. His work bears so manifestly the impress of having been prepared with the greatest care and research, that we would prefer to trust it rather than any book we have seen on the subject. . . . Nothing remains now but to add that the illustrations are numerous and remark- ably good, and that the book is got up in a neat and very tasteful style.”—The Nottingham Guardian. “I must congratulate you on having produced a work most valuable and attractive . . . I thank you most sincerely for having made this dear old region now so well known to the British public at large.”—William Howitt. It will be my earnest desire to make the Edition now proposed an “Edition de Luxe;” every ascertained defect in the former Edition will be remedied, and I shall be most happy to be favoured with any suggestion for the improvement of the volume. * - The price of the Large Paper Copies will be £1 1s. to Subscribers; and to Non- Subscribers, AI IOS., should any copies remain unsubscribed on the day of publication. The Small Paper Copies will be 7s. 6d., as heretofore. - The Small Paper Edition will not contain the whole of the Engravings, nor the large Pedigree, with emblazoned Arms of the Nobility. Subscribers will oblige by forwarding their names to Robert White, Printer and Publisher, Park Street, Worksop. - - t +0RDER + H6RM:- MR. ROBERT WHITE, WORKSOP, Please add my name to your List of Subscribers for “WORKSOP, “THE DUKERY,’ AND SHERWOOD FOREST,” Second Edition . . . 4 I I O ADo. Do. Small Paper º e 7 6 Put your Initials opposite the Copy required. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = • , s = - - - - - • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Oſije (Tijutti, in Gatig (Times. - 255 Elyzabeth y” doghº of agnes coken bur' y” xviij" day Hawes y” doghter of John yngland bur' y” xxij" day Thoms y” son of John Asheton bur' y” Anney dogh” of Raufe grene bur’y - Margaret y” doght of henry stanyforthe bur y” xxviij" day Antony dobson bur' y” xxx" day In July John Cutlove of y" pishe of malton bury" iſ" day Agnes y” wyfe of John barwyke bur’y" vij" day Thoms barwycke bur' y” xj" day John y” son of John watson bur’y" xxiij" day Johana y” of John Reveti bur' y” xxvij" day Anne y” wyfe of Thoms Creswett bur' y” xxix" day xxiiij" day August - Alyce y dogh” of wyń penyston bur' y” first day Aprill a’ dini 1562 Thomas Walker 6 die sepult francys whtworthe 21 die sep Joãn brearre 30 die sepult Maius John Wightman 21 die sepult Richard Grene 22 die sepult John Smythe 29 die sepult James Matheman 31 sepult Juninus Jesper Swayne 3 die sep Joãn Tymme 16 die sepult Robart Dauson eode die sep ffrancys Oke 4 die sepult Julius Thomas Danver 5 die sep Robart Dodworthe 12 die sep Wiſłm Oke I4 die sepultus Wyſłm Jenkynson eodem die sep Effam Tyngle 18 die sepult Margaret Duckson eod sepult Roger Tymme eod die sepult John Herrison 19 die sep Augustus Elizabethe wood I die sepult Jenet stanefurthe 2 die sepult Robart Waddye vij die sep Rychard Hatterslaye xv die s Agnes Goodeson xxij die sep 330th £rijam. Septembre Alys Campson X die Sepulta Margarete westrine xv die John westryne eod John Snell xvi; die sep John Benkes xxix die sep Octobre Edward Meller ix die sep Willm. Grisbye xviij die sepult Robart Otter xxj die sep Leonarde Browne xxviij die sep Decembre Eadmunde Cutcluffe 3 die sep Wifim Robynson 4 die sep Rychard Morlayev; die sep Lawrence Heyfeld x” die sep George Robynson xj" die sep Agnes Jopson XV die sep Robart Calande xviij" die sep Willim Cutler xxij" die sep Januarius ffråncys Ragge x” die sep Ellen wightman 3” die sep Alys Atkyson 30 die sep ffebruarye Elizabethe Robucke Io die sep John walker xj die sep Joän Tomson xiij" die sepulta John Claton xix” die sep Mereall waddye eod die sep Willim Dawson xxj die sep Marcius John Greene vi die sep John waryse eod die sep Joãn Conisbye x” die sep John Trover xiiij" die sep Agnes Greene xxiiij die sep Aprill 1563 Edmund plate xxvij" die juvenis John Ratleff eodem dies infans Maye I563 Joãn Browne x die sep Thomas Lyleman xij die sep infans The Church in Garlu (Times. 257 Rychard Locwood - - - infans Willm. Daweson xx die sep Agnes Hoodson xv die sepult Anne bodworthe xviij” Rowland Hill eod die sep Junino I 563 John Smythe xi die sepult The volume from which the foregoing Registers are extracted, is composed of a number of delapidated loose leaves, which have been re-bound without the slightest regard to order or date. Many leaves are evidently wanting, and in some cases only part of a leaf is left. These deficiencies may perhaps account for the many months which are entirely wanting to form a complete Register. An effort has been made, and it is hoped a successful one, to arrange the Registers in order of date; and where the births, marriages, and burials have been entered together, as was sometimes the case, these have been separated, and printed under their proper heads and dates. The aim has been to make a verbatim et literatim copy; therefore no attempt has been made to correct the many curious and manifest errors which exist in this very early Register. - It may not be out of place to notice a few of the peculiarities. For instance, on page 218 there occurs in December, Nicolas, son of Nycolas Parken, and Elizabeth Parken, christened 22nd day, and the same names appear again on the 3rd of the following month. On page 219 it will be seen that the three last names in March are repeated in April on the same page. On page 230 the marriage of Thomas Gest and Rose Cawode occurs on the I I th June, and again on the 3rd of the following month. On the same page, Roger Genway and Elizabeth Hunter, who were married on the 19th June, appear as married again on the 12th July. A similar repetition occurs on page 233, in May and June. On page 234, in the entry for January 26th, the bride's name is omitted; and on page 238, in June, an entry occurs of a marriage at Sheffield. Amongst the burials similar apparent discrepancies occur. On page 241, in February, John Boswell is entered as buried on the 7th day, and a John Boswell is entered again on the 5th of March following. On page 242, in December, there are two entries for Thomas Walker; and on page 243, in December, a singular entry occurs of “vij little wenches at Cutloff's,” on the 24th. 33 258 330th crijam. Çeştamentary 25uriaig." Die Veneris prox ante festū Sci Mathei A.D. 1440. 1440. John Birley, of Roderham, Draper, made his will (proved 20 Mar., 1440), giving his soul (ut Supra) and his body to be buried in y” Chappell of St. Mary, of Rotherham. º II Junj, A.D. I.442. 1443. Richard Litster, of Rotherham, made his will (proved 12 Aug., 1443), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in y” Ch: of Rotherham, and bequeathed Io" to the glazening of one Window of y" Church in the N. p". In festo Convers: Sci Pauli, A.D. 1448. 1450. John Kirke, of Rotherham, made his will (proved 7 June, 1450), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in the Church of Rotherham. 23 Aug., A.D. 1450. 1451. Rob" Litster, of Rotherham, made his will (proved 5 Nov., 14 51), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in the chancel of St. Crux ibid. 24 Apr., A.D. I.478. 1478. Roger Shirwynd, Vicar of Rotherham, made his will (proved penult May, 1478), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in y” pish Ch: of Rotherham. 12 Mar, A.D. 1482. 1482. W*. Harington, of Rotherham, made his will (proved 21 Mar., 1482), giving his soul to God, Alm. S". Mary and All Saints, and his body to be buried in yº Church of All Saints, of Rotherham. - 21 July, A.D. 1501. 1502. W*. Sarbirne, S.T.P., made his will (proved 22 May, 1502), giving his soul to God, Alm: S. Mary and All Saints, and his body to be buried in y” Quere of yº Ch: of Rotherham, if he dye there. 4 Sept., A.D. I 595. 1505. Tho: Gree, Cantariste of the Chauntry in y” Coll. of Jesu, Rotherham, made his will (proved 13 Dec., 1505), giving his soul (ut supra), and his body to be buried in yº Ch: of Rotherham. - I 2 July, A.D. I 5.12. 1512. Henry Carnebull, Pbr. and Ad. of York, made his will (proved 14 Aug., I 512), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in y' Ch.: of Rotherham, in the Chappell called S. Jesus Chappell ibd, afore the Altar, and covered wth a Marble Stone containing this Epitaph, viz.: - Orate pro anabus Rev": in Xto patris et dni dni Thome Rotherham quondam Ebor AEpi; et Henrici Carnebull sui Archideaconi Ebor in Eccla Ebor parentum suorum et benefactorum et familiarium, necnon pro anăbus onium fidelium defunctorum qui quidem Henricus, objt Io Aug., I 512. * From Torre's “Archdeaconry of York,” a MS. in possession of the Dean and Chapter, York. Qſìje (Tijurch in Čarlu Cimeš. 259 I5 I 3. I 522. I 524. I 561. I6o I. I609. 1613. I62 I. I624. I 666. I668. A.D. I 5 I 3. John Lillye, Vicar of Rotherham, made his will (proved - - - - - ), giving his soul to God Alm. his Creator and to Jesus X*., and his body to be buried wººin our Lady's Queare, of y" Ch: of Rotherham, nigh his Father, Richard Lilly. 2 Aug., A.D. 1522. Tho: Reresby, of Rotherham, Gent, made his will (proved Io Sep"., I 522), giving his soul to God Alm : St. Mary and All Saints, and his body to be buried in the S. Isle of the Ch: of Rotherham. 8 Febr., A.D. I 524. S. Tho: Swyfte, Rector of Wykersley and Burnsall, made his will (proved 23 Feb., 1524), giving his soul to God Alm: S. Mary and All Saints, and his body to be buried in the Ch: of Rotherham, before the door of our Lady's Quere. - II Mar., A.D. 1559. Rob'. Swyft, of Rotherham, Esq., made his will (proved 2 Dec., 1561), giving his soul to God Alm: hoping to be saved through Jesus X’, and his body to be buried in the Rode Quere of the Ch: of Rotherham. 22 Jan., A.D. 16o I. John Rudyarde, of y" pish of Rotherham, Gent: made his will (proved 1 Oct., 1601), giving his soul to God Alm : his Creator and to Jesus X". his Redeemer, and his body to be buried in yºpish Ch: or Ch: y” of Rotherham. 27 Aug., A.D. I609. Raphe Reresbye, of Juckley, Gent, made his will (proved 6 Dec., 1609) giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in the Queare on yº S side the pish Ch: of Rotherham. 7 April, A.D. 1613. W*. Overhall, of Estwood, Gent., made his will (proved 22 April, 1613), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried yº Queare of y" Ch: of Rotherham, near his late deceased wife. - I May, A.D. 1621. Rauiph Lowe, of Rotherham, Gent, made his will (proved 15 Jan., 1621), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in the Chancel of y" pish Ch: of Rotherham. 4 May, A.D. I624. Charles Fenton, of Marshbrough, in the pish of Rotherham, Gent., made his will (proved - - - - ), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in yºpish Ch: of Rotherham. - : I5 Dec., A.D. I666. James Rigby, Cl: Vicar of Rotherham, made his will (proved 20 Apr., 1667), giving his soul (ut supra) and his body to be buried in y” Chancell of y' Ch.: of Rotherham. 23 Dec., A.D. I668. William Moore, Cl: late Vicar of Rotherham, dying intestate, Administration of his Goods was committed to Rulf Moore, his son, &c. 26o 330th crijam. gºonumental Justriptions, etc. The following inscriptions are from Hunter,” and are, as he tells us, from Dodsworth's notes, and from notes made by himself in the years 1802-3. Some of them would now be sought for in vain, which was even the case when his valuable work was published in 1831. In later times, and by Church authorities, reckless injury to memorial and other adornments has been blindly perpetrated. In the earlier part of the century hatchments, or armorial escutcheons of the neighbouring nobility and gentry, crowded the wall space of the chancel. On some old stalls in the north chapel are the arms of Wom Bwell, with a mullet for difference, the distinction used by those of Thundercliffe, impaling WENTwo RTH. • At the visitation of 1585 the heralds noticed many shields of arms now removed: RERESBY, with the inscription “Orate pro animabus Arnoldi Reresby - - - FITz WILLIAM, impaling three mullets on a chevron between as many martlets, which quartered a fess fleury. - Argent, a fess between three leopards' heads sable, impaling, argent, on a chevron - - - - - three trefoils - - - - - Or, three lions rampant purpure, CRESACRE; but over this was written “John Foxe, doctor of the lawe.” - - RERESBY, impaling a lion rampant on a silver field. “Orate pro domina Agneta Reresby.” - PoRTINGTON impaling RERESBY. “Hicjacet Lucia uxor Thomas Portington et filia Radulphi de Reresby.” SwyFT and WYRRAL, on a pennon made for the funeral of Mr. Swyft. Sable, a chevron ermine between three maids’ heads coupee argent. Or, on a fess between three feathers gules as many escallops argent, impaling WoRTLEy. - The crest of WoRTLEY, an eagle's claw ensigned with three feathers, the middle one argent, the two outer or. CLAREL, impaling WoRTLEY, SCROPE, and or, an eagle displayed azure. 33 MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. Hic jacet corpus JoHANNIS FITz WILLIAM, qui obiit IIII die Junii, Anno D'ni M. D.VII. Hic jacet corpus EDMUNDI FITz WILLIAM, qui obit xxvi" die Novembris, Anno D'ni M.D.VII cujus animae propicietur Deus. Amen. In the north chancel is the monument of the first of the Swyfts, who was a mercer at Rotherham. It is a copy of that of Archbishop Rokeby at Sandal; and consists of an altar-tomb placed in an arched recess, ornamented with quatrefoils, within which is a square plate of brass, and engraven thereon the effigies of Robert Swyft, Ann his wife, and his four children, Robert, William, Ann, and Margaret. The father is represented in a furred gown, his hair * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., pp. 18–22. 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Three shields in the front of the tomb have been removed, but two remain, within the recess, having the arms of Swyft, a chevron vaire between three roebucks courant, in which the vaire is represented by what, according to the present nomenclature, would be described barry nebulee. Here under this tombe are placyd and buried the bodyes of RoberTE SwiftE esquier and ANNE his fyrste wyfe, who lyvyde manye yeares in this towne of Rotherh’m in vertuous fame, grett wellthe, and good woorship. They were pytyfulle to the poore and relevyd them lyberally and to their frends no les faythfulle then bowntyfulle. Trulye they fearyd God who plentimslye" powryd his blessings uppon them. The sayd Anne dyed in the moneth of June in the yere of o' Lorde God 1539 in the 67 year of her age: and the sayd Robarte dep’tyd y” VIII day of August in the yere of o' Lorde God 1561 in the 84 yeare of his age. On whose sowlles withe all Chrysten sowlls th’omnipotent Lorde have mercy. Amen. Some of the following inscriptions no longer exist, but are copied from Dodsworth's notes: Here lyeth the body of THOMAS WooDHouse, who dyed 29 of April 1606. In Adam's fall, Sinne made us thrall to Death and dreadfull payne; But Christ and Crosse hath payd our losse and got us lief againe. CECILY WHITMORE. I61o. Deathe's sting away is taken quite by Christ his payne and smart; Death is no death but change of light unto a righteous hart. RoBERT ASHMORE. 1618. Season thy mouth with vertues taste, Spend not thy strength in vayne; Tyme will arrest by death at last This earth to earth agayne. Here RoBERT HILL's or WILLIAMson’s corps doth lye, Heaven shrines his soule, Holy men must dy. If Faith, Devotion, Peace record his story, Such gracefull livers inherit lief’s glory. He lived 81 yeares. He dyed the 7 day of May, 1618. * So in the inscription, an error for plentecusly. 262 330tiſtrijam. GeoRGE WEST, buried the 5 of March 1619. Here rest in peace, whilst o'er thy urne The sisters’ needle's hast I mourne. Thy soule I wel ny durst have trust Tº informe my body, 'twas so just, But goodness could not cope with fate For nature's bond was antedate. Alice West, his wief, 4 May 1617. Thy vertues need nor epitaph nor tombe Those wil not let thee dye though this be dombe; Whilst loving husband for thy true desert Living intombes the in his pensive hart. Hic jacet ELIZABETHA viris quae nupta duobus, Watsonio et Craven quondam Rectoribus Hawksworth : Haec (animi causā) dum Solum ubi nata revisit, Morte repentină est in sedes rapta beatas: Sicque animam corpusque Deus dedit unde resumpsit. 2 die Octobris 1616 aetatis suae 56. PoSuit Johannes Craven dilectissimae conjugis memoriae, et posteritati sacrum.” MARIA CLAYTON filia Lu. et Mar. Clayton I 5" die 8” aetatis suae 14° A. Dom. 1680 - obiit. Orta piis, edocta pie, pia virgo superstes, Sola patris Soboles, orbæ comes unica matris.” Arms: ermine, on a chief a label of five points. Hic jacet RoDoLPH.Us BULLock de Unston armiger. qui obiit 9” die Martis an. Domini 1637.* Sub hoc tumulo reconduntur CARollus LAUGHToN senior de Haworth gen. Sepultus 26 die Augusti anno domini 1638. ANNA ejusdem Caroli Laughton uxor, sepulta 22° die Augusti annoq. Domini 1650." Rosa MUNDA uxor Caroli Laughton junioris de Haworth gen, quae obiit primo die Octobris annoq. Domini 1663.” * Translation. Here lies ELIZABETH, who was twice Of pious sires a scion she, married, viz., to Watson and Craven, formerly rectors of Hawksworth. Whilst visiting the birthplace she dearly loved, sudden death snatched her away to the realms of the blessed, and thus God took away the soul and body He had given on the 2nd day of October, 1616, in the 56th year of her age. John Craven hath erected this monument sacred to the memory of his beloved wife and to posterity. * Translation. MARIA CLAYTON, daughter of Luke and Mary Clayton, died on the 15th day of October, 1680, aged I4. A daughter good and dear; A lonely mother’s only care, A father's blessing here. ° Translation. Here lies RoDOLPH BULLock, of Unstone [Derbyshire] Esquire, who died on the 9th day of March A.D. I637. - d Translation. Beneath this tomb lie CHARLEs LAUGH- Ton, senior, of Haworth, gentleman, buried on the 26th day of Aug., A.D. 1638, and ANNA, wife of the said same Charles Laughton, buried on the 22nd day of Aug., 1650. * Translation. Rosa MUND, wife of Charles Laughton, the younger, of Haworth, gentleman, who died on the Ist day of Oct., 1663. Qſìje Čijurch in Čarlu Cimeš. 263 CARollus LAUGHToN junior de Haworth gen. unicus filius Caroli Laughton praedicti gen. aequi, bonique cultor, amicorum fautor, pauperum adjutor, fide firmus, senectutis taedio con- fectus aetatis suae 65, obiit 12° die Septembris annoq, Domini 1686. Quâm bene currebant queis datur alta quies." Here is interred the bowels of JANE Dutchess of Norfolk I693. Hic jacet corpus GERVAs.II Bosevile (filii primogeniti Gervasii Bosevile quondam de Micklebring in parochià de Braithwell in comitatu Eboracensi generosi) qui obiit pridie iduum Octobris anno Dom, 1697. annoq, astatis suae decimo octavo. ANNA Bosevile vid. mater pred. Ger. Bosevile jun. hic ante hāc sepulti : quae obiit sexto iduum Septembris 17 - 7, anno aetatis Suae -- " Sacred to the memory of ElizaBETH eldest daughter of Richard Holdsworth and first wife of - JosLAH BECKWITH of this town attorney at law and F.A.s. who was the youngest son of Thomas Beckwith late of Rothwell in this county gent. and grandson of William Beckwith formerly of Ripon, barrister at law, both deceased: and descended from the ancient families of Bruce, Malebysse, w and Beckwith. She died the xxv.11 October M.D.cc. Lx. aged xxv years. And of MARY only child of the said Josiah and Elizabeth, who died the XIV March M Dcc LIX aged v11.1 days. Sacred also to the memory of MARY eldest daughter of George D’Oxon of Woodhead in the county of Chester second wife to the said Josiah Beckwith who died the XVIII September M Dcc Lxxx v1.11. aged XLIx years after she had been his affectionate wife upwards of xxv years, and had brought him forth Ix children: viz. Julia, Catherine, Elizabeth, Jane, Mary, John-Malebysse, Hercules-Malebysse, William-Bruce, and Martha-Ray, six of whom survived her. Catherine their second daughter died xvi June M Dcc LXIx aged II years and Iv. months Mary their fifth daughter died xxiv. February M Dcc Lxxiv. aged v1.11 months, and William-Bruce their third son died xIII October M Dcc Lxxix aged v1 months. * Translation. CHARLEs LAUGHToN the younger, of Haworth, gentleman, only son of the aforesaid Charles Laughton, gentleman. A lover of worth and goodness, hospitable to his friends, charitable to the poor, and of deep religious faith; he died (weary of old age) on the 12th day of Sept., A.D. 1686, aged 65. A godly race they ran, To whom deep rest is given. Others of this family have memorials in the church, as, John Laughton, of Haworth, gent. who died 3 Sept. 1687, aged 34. John, his only child, died 20 Jan. 1687, aged I year. Ruth, only daughter of Charles Laughton, of Haworth-grange, gent. buried 7 August 1675. Charles, eldest son of Joshua Laughton and Anne his wife, died 21 April 1718, aged 26. Joseph, fourth son of Charles Laughton, of Haworth, died 13 July 1672. b Translation. Here lies the body of GERVASE Bosevil E (first-born son of Gervase Bosevile, formerly of Micklebring, in the parish of Braithwell and co: of York, gentleman), who died on the I4th day of October, A.D. 1697, aged 18. ANNA Bosevil.E, widow (mother of the aforesaid Gervase Bosevile, junior, previously buried here), who died on the 8th day of Sept., I7 - 7, aged - - - - Near the same place is a memorial of Godfrey Bosvile, gent, who died 25 Jan. I749, aged 68. - 264 3&ntijerijam. Josiah Beckwith above named has caused this stone to be inscribed, as a token of his affection, and hopes that his ashes will be mingled with those of his beloved wives and children when the Almighty shall please to take him out of this transitory life to his divine mercy, there to remain undisturbed till the last trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible. ‘. The remains of the said GeoRGE D’Oxon, and of John and Josep H, two of his sons, were deposited on the opposite side of this quire. Valeto M. S. ISABELLAF Hold EN, natae Apr. 14, 1735, nupta, Oct. 7, 1759, viduatae Mar. 2, 1772, mortua Apr. 26, 1797. matr. opt. pietissime liberi posuerunt." M. S. SAMUELIs BUCK arm' Rotherhamiensis jurisconsulti, Burgi Leodinensis” in comitatu Eboracensi Recordatoris. Ex ludo Westmonasteriensi, in quo primiserat literis imbutus, in aulam Sanctae Trinitatis apud Cantabrigiensis cessit; deinde in hospitio Lincolniensi apud Londinenses studio juris Anglicani sedulo vacavit. Doctrinam, neceam vulgarem, summamque legum nostrarum peritiam, sincerå in Deum pietate, eximiä in amicos benevolentiá, singulari in uxorem et liberos charitati mire adornavit. Harum artium virtutumque in cumulum accesserunt spectata in principem fides, et in patriam amor adeo indefessus, ut nulli unquam in rempublicam officio deesset; adeo purus ut confecti officii promium nec poscerit ipse, neque oblatum acceperit. Obiit 8vo. Kal. Aug. A.S.N. 1806 aetat 6o. Uxor ejus Anna Rich" Ellison de Torun.io in Com. Ebor nata duaºque ex ea filiae, Anna Fran”. L. Wood Bar” nupta Catherina Esther innupta superstites hoc monumentum moerentes posuerunt.” * Translation. To the sacred memory of IsaEELLA b Leeds is the place intended. When the name of this HoLDEN, born Ap. I4th, 1735, married Oct. 7th, 1759, town has been written in Latin it has usually been the widowed March 2nd, 1772, dead Ap. 26th, 1797. Her Burgus Leodiensis. children, with deepest affection, have erected this monu- ° Translation. Sacred to the memory of SAMUEL Buck, ment to the best of mothers. Esquire, of Rotherham, barrister-at-law, Recorder of The Church in Čarig Cimeš. - 265 The arms on this monument are, BUCK, lozengy, or and azure, a canton ermine, quartering SQUIRE ; sable three Swans' heads erased argent, and impaling ELLISON, gules, a chevron between three eagles' heads erased or. wreath a portcullis sable, chained or." Crest, on a Sacred to the memory RICHARD HowARD fourth earl of Effingham who departed this life on the 16” day of December 1816, in the 69 year of his age. The perfect honor and integrity of his character made him respected by all who knew him. His uniform chearfulness patience and resignation under a continuance of suffering for the last year of his life was a striking example to all around him. Perfectly aware of his danger he did not fear death, his care was for her who survives him. His remains are deposited in a vault in this church. Where he was best known, there he will be most lamented. M. S. SAMUELIs TookER arm. de Moor-Gate Jurisconsulti, et Tabularum municipalium Doncastrensium in agro Eboracensi, triginta amplius annos custodis; viri quem amici notique omnes viventem honore, mortuum desiderio prosecuti Sunt: qui diem obiit und" kal. Jan. A.D. 1807, annos 69 natus. Hoc marmor pii sui erga avunculum animi idem memor, C. Woodcock, sororis filia, (quae diem obiit quarto non. Oct. A.D. 1819 annos 63 nata, Leeds, in the county of York. Educated at Westminster School, where he first acquired a love of letters, he removed to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and afterwards applied himself diligently to the study of English law at Lincoln's Inn, in London. Well did he adorn his knowledge, which was of no common sort, and his consummate skill in our laws, with sincere devotion towards God, with the greatest kindness to his friends, and with remarkable love for his wife and children. These arts and virtues were crowned by well-tried loyalty towards his king, and a love of his country so unwearied that in his public duty he was never found wanting; so incorruptible that he would neither ask for the reward of duty done, nor accept it when offered. He died on the 25th day of July, 1806 (N.S.) aged 6o. Anna, his wife, daughter of Richard Ellison, of Torunium, (?) in the county of York, and her two daughters, Anna, wife of Sir Francis L. Wood, baronet, and Catherine Esther, spinster, sur- viving him, have mournfully erected this tomb. * Of this family there are also memorials of Samuel Buck, esq. who died I March 1747, aged 62. Mrs. Jane Buck, daughter of Mr. William Aislabie, died 22 July 1749, aged 64. Mr. Samuel Buck, their son, died 28 Feb. 1734, aged 21. Catherine Buck, died May 1778, aged 70. Catherine, relict of William Buck, esq. who died at Bath, II Nov. 1752, aged 42, she died 9 May 1778, aged 70, leaving 3 children, Catherine, wife of Rev. Thomas Cripps, Samuel, and William. 34. 266 - - 330th crijam. et inter mortuos congeneres in hac aede Sacrá praesepultos tumulata jacet,) per testamentum moritura ponendum curavit.” Sacred to the memory of GEORGE LEMPRIERE esquire of Masborough in this parish; whose integrity of character benevolence of heart and urbanity of manners had endeared him in an eminent degree to every class of society. He died June 29, 1825, in the 79* year of his age, and his remains are interred in the chancel of this church. But beside these are many other inscriptions over the graves of persons interred in this spacious church, of which a succint account must, according to our plan, now be given. I must premise that some of them may not now exist, as I copy many of them from notes which I made in the years 1802 and 18o3: Edward Bellamy, of Rotherham, surgeon, son of Edward Bellamy, of Worksop, gent. died 18 July 1777, aged 75. Mary his first wife, daughter of Bertie Entwisle, esq. and Clara, his wife, of Wigan, died 16 July 1742, aged 42. Mary, his second wife, daughter of John Mirfyn, esq. and Mary his wife, of Slade Hooton, died 1 Dec. 1765, aged 46. Elizabeth, the second wife of Francis Bovil, vicar, 1678. Mary, wife of Mr. John Mandevile, of Rotherham, daughter of Francis Bland, of Applesthorpe, co. Notts, esq. buried 20 May 1702, aged 50. Martha, daughter of John Mandevile and wife to John Haigh, gent. 1718. John Mandevile, gent. died 18 May 1742, aged 96. Charles More, of Rotherham, gent. died 27 August 1717, aged 58. Elizabeth, his widow, died 7 Sep. 1730, aged 62. - Mr. William Hoole, of Tinsley, died 19 Jan. I705, aged 73. John Hoole, 1695. Mary, daughter of John Hoole, died I780, aged 65. George Westby, of Gilthwaite, gent, died 6 Nov. I671, aged 57. Alice, his wife, died 17 Aug. 1685, aged 59. Samuel, his eldest son, died 14 Nov. I676, aged 28. Mary, his second daughter, died 1 April 1679, aged 25. John, his fourth son, died 22 Dec. I684, aged 20. George Westby, of Gilthwaite, gent. died 20 Feb. 1715, aged 63. Three of his children, Henry, who died in his 25th year, Alice, in her 12th, and Elizabeth in her 4th. George, son of George Westby, esq. of Gilthwaite, died II Sep. I75I, aged 67. Thomas Westby, esq. of Howarth, died 21 July 1758, aged 59. Jane, his widow, died 29 April 1796, aged 74. George Westby, esq. of Howarth, son of George Westby, of Gilthwaite, esq. died 3 June 1790, aged 50. Catherine, his wife, daughter of John Hirst, esq. of Clough, 1820. On the last plate are the arms of Westby, impaling Hirst, a sun in his glory. Elizabeth Westby, of Howarth, 1818. - - " Translation. Sacred to the memory of SAMUEL This Tablet, C. Woodcock, his niece, on her death-bed, TookER, Esq., of Moorgate, barrister-at-law, and Keeper caused by will, to be placed as a memorial of her of the Doncaster Municipal Records, in the county of affectionate regard for her uncle; she died the 4th of York, for more than thirty years; a man whom, whilst October, 1819, aged 63, and lies interred amongst her living, friends and acquaintance all honoured; when dead departed kindred buried in this church. all lamented; who died December 22nd A.D. 1806, aged 69. [The foregoing Translations are not from Hunter.] Qſìje (thurch in Çarlu (Tim £3. 267 Charles, second son of Charles Darwent, gent. died 16 Oct. I670, aged 18 days. Ann, a daughter, 1672. John, eldest son of John Peirson, esq. of Raysthorpe, in the East Riding, died 24 April 1745. o Frances, relict of Thomas Gower, esq. of Hutton upon Darwent, in the North Riding, died 20 Nov. 1737, aged 79, and Catharine Gower, spinster, her eldest daughter, who died 30 Jan. I723, aged 42. Ann, daughter of Thomas Eyre, esq. chief engineer at Rattan, and captain in Governor Trelawny's regiment, died 6 April 1748, aged 3 years. William, eldest son of Robert Wood, of Monk Bretton, gent, died at Masborough, 22 Dec. I668. Ann, daughter of Charles Tooker, gent, and Ann his wife, died 17 Sep. I667, aged 9. Catherine, wife of Matthew Biggs, gent, and daughter of Charles Tooker, gent, and Ann his wife, of Moor-gate, buried 29 Jan. 1725, aged 57. Charles Tooker, of Rotherham, gent. buried 18 Sep. 1680. Matthew Biggs, late of York, gent. died 2 April 1722, aged 92. Matthew Biggs, esq. died 3 Feb. 1736, aged 64. John Tooker, son of Tooker Tooker, esq. of Moor-gate, died 9 Jan. I740, aged 6. Samuel Tooker, esq. died 22 Dec. 1806, aged 69. Richard Holden, esq. died 20 April 1809, aged 41. Catherine Wood- cock, 4 non. Oct. 1819, aged 63. Isabella, widow of John Holden, died 26 April 1797, aged 62. Rev. John Holden, B.D. their eldest son, died 27 August 1806, aged 44. Jane, relict of Richard Holden, niece of Samuel Tooker, 1824, aged 62. Sarah, wife of Joseph Sorsbie, gent. died 20 Jan. 1702. Mary Sorsbie, died 3 July 1725. Joseph Sorsbie, died 14 Oct. 1728. Joseph Sorsbie, his son, died 17 November 1739, aged 70. Sarah Sorsbie, died 26 April 1735. Thomas Wheatley, gent. died 26 May 1758, aged 33. Frances, relict of Thomas Wheatley, gent, of Wakefield, and sister to the late Joseph Sorsbie, gent. of Rotherham, died 17 Oct. 1762, aged 70. Kent. William, son of Richard, of Kimberworth, gent. died 16 Sep. 1680, aged Io. Elizabeth, his wife, buried 30 May 1693, aged 49. Richard, of Kimberworth, gent. died 29 June 17 I I, aged 67. William, son of Richard, gent. died 12 May 1724, aged 44. Elizabeth, wife of William, of Ickles Hall, gent. died 1 Sep. 1727, aged 11. Richard, of Kimberworth, gent. eldest son of Richard, late of Whiston, gent. died 4 Oct. 1729, aged 34. Sarah, his relict, died 3 Sep. 1769, aged 69. Westby, 2nd son of Mr. Kent, of Whiston, died 15 June 1702. Richard, of Whiston, gent. died 12 May 1704. Frederick Henry, second son of Richard, of Kimberworth, died 11 June 1725, aged 3 months. Elizabeth, wife of Richard, of Kimberworth, gent. died 24 June 1727, aged 65. Ann, daughter of Thomas Creswick, of Boroughleigh, gent. and wife of William, of Kimber- worth, gent. died 9 Dec. 1723, aged 68. Thomas, of Kilnhurst, gent, son of the said William, died 5 March 1747, aged 53. Thomas, son of John, of Kimberworth, gent. died 30 Oct. 1756, being twenty one, wanting 9 hours. Thomas, son of William, of Kimberworth, 1694, aged I. Elizabeth, his daughter, 1707, aged 13. William, of Kimberworth, died 14 Nov. 1717, aged 69. Martha, wife of John, of Kimberworth, died II Apr. 1753, aged 47. John, of Kimberworth, gent. died 17 August, 1754, aged 63. Christopher Adams, vicar, buried 13 Feb. 1706, aged 6o. Elizabeth Beatson, his grand-daughter, died I2 Dec. 1738, aged 23. - Ellis Farneworth, clerk, buried 27 March 1687. 268 330th crijam. Frances, wife of Thomas Atkinson, gent. daughter of William Aislabie, gent, buried Io Jan. 1721–2. Anne, Mary, Catherine, Thomas, his infant children. Robert, son of Robert Aislabie, gent. and grandson to William Aislabie, 1723. John Son of Mr. Samuel Aislabie, merchant in Lisbon. Foljambe. Obed son of Henry, late of Eastwood, gent, died 18 Sep. 1706. Sarah Foljambe, his grand-daughter, died 16 Feb. 1745, aged 5. Oliva, widow of Obed, died 21 March 1794, aged 86. Azubah, daughter of Henry, gent. and wife of Richard Oddy, of Eastwood, died 8 April 1756, aged 72. Sarah, widow of Obed, died 19 Feb. 1761, aged 76. Henry and Sarah, children of John and Abigail, died young. Abigail, wife of John, died 19 January 1783, aged 40. Harriet, daughter of John and Abigail, died 7 June 1790, aged 21. Obed, son of Obed and Sarah, died 5 March 1775, aged 68. John, died 29 April 1792, aged 50. - Sarah Langley, died Io July 1684, aged 54, mother of John, Dorcas, and William, who died 8 Sep. 1706, aged 43. Elizabeth, his wife, died 5 Nov. 1741, aged 71. Richard, William, William, and Hannah, their children, died in their infancy. Walter, their son, died I June, 1730, aged 31. John Burton, of Rotherham, mercer, and Ann, his wife, daughter of William and Elizabeth Langley, died 1732 and 1733. Elizabeth, daughter of William and Elizabeth Langley, widow of Richard Thomson, and of John Bell, of Sheffield, merchants, died 8 July 1753. Sarah Turner, of Hemsworth, daughter of William and Elizabeth Langley, died 22 May 1791, aged 97. Richard Thompson, of Sheffield, factor, died 27 March 1733. Elizabeth, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth Thompson, died 16 June, 1724. John Bell, of Sheffield, linendraper, died 30 June 1743. Ralph Tunnicliffe, of Dalton, gent, died 19 April 1736, aged 48. Goodeth, his wife, died I2 Dec. I758, aged 72. Ralph Tunnicliffe, of Dalton, gent. died 31 January 1794, aged 75. Volantine Hurt, gent, died 7 August, 1692. Mary, his wife, died I Sep. I7Io, aged 57. James, son of John West, 1689. Robert, son of John West, 1707, and John, Son of John West, 169 - - Ann, daughter of James Armitage, I65I. Harrison. William, of Orgrave, gent. died 30 Sep. 1738, aged 61. Elizabeth, his wife, I'756, aged 75. George, of Orgrave, 24 Jan. I65I. William, of Orgrave, gent. 29 Sep. 1720, aged 73. Ann, his wife, 18 Oct. 1721. Ruth, their daughter, buried 9 July 1761. George, late of Orgrave, gent. died Io Dec. 1688, aged 43. George, son of William, of Orgrave, gent. died I2 July 1723, aged Io. Mary, his daughter, died aged 9. William of Orgrave, gent, died 30 May 1760. Elizabeth, died 3 April 1762, aged 5. Thomas, died II May 1764, aged 2. Mary, died I6 Feb. I770, aged 4, children of William, of Orgrave, Elizabeth, wife of the said William, died II Nov. 1789, aged 54. The said William Harrison, esq. died 17 Feb. 1791, aged 63. Lieut. John H. died at Berhampore, in the East Indies, in March 1791, aged 32. Rev. William H. son of said William, died I2 June 1794, aged 33. Two children of George Staniforth, of Catcliffe, heir to George Beardsall, Dolor-Slater, and John, who died infants in 1728. Charles and Martha, children of John Cleator, clerk, 1747. John Lloyd, A. M. vicar 46 years, died I3 April 1782, aged 77. Qſìje (Thurtſ, in Çarlg (Times. 269 Isaac Hemingway, clerk, I73I. Mary, wife of Samuel Hallows Hamer, died Io June 1779, aged 52. J. H. Hamar, died 19 Sep. 1787, aged 59. Samuel, George, James, and Henrietta, their children, of whom Samuel was buried in St. Laurence's church, Old street, London. Also other children, Henry, Ann, and Mary, wife of Jonathan Walker. Sarah, wife of Jonathan Walker, of Masborough, died 6 June 1776, aged 62. William, son of William and Mary Yates, of Masborough, and great-grandchild of the said Sarah, died 27 May 1814. Dorothy, wife of William Couldwell, of Cudworth, daughter of Jonathan Hurst, of Little Dalton, gent. I716, aged 38. Jonathan Hurst, of Little Dalton, gent. I713, aged 62. - - Martha, wife of Thomas Cooper, of Barbot Hall, 1793. Margaret Cawthorne, of Brierley manor, died at Barbot Hall, 1799. Ann, wife of Mr. Richard Wharam, and daughter of Mr. Thomas Cooper, by Elizabeth his third wife, 1738, aged 37. Jane, daughter of Rev. Thomas Tennant, of Rendham in Suffolk, 1812, aged 21. Mary, relict of Dr. Mercer, late of London, 1764, aged 95. Robert Sharpe, curate of Rotherham, 1692. Beside these there are many others of recent date, for the practice of burying in the church has prevailed to a great extent. The names follow, Aldred Cleater Fray Kent Norman Stanley Allard Collett Gibson Knyvill Oswald Sunderland Anderton Condel Hall Lambert Oxley Thatcham Barnsley Cotterel Hammerton Law Pashley Thompson Bentley Coupland Hardy Lee Patrick Tomlinson Beverley Crawshaw Hattersley Lilley Platt Turner Bingley Cutforthay Haughton Lister Price Tyzack Boomer Denison Hilton Machin Radley Wainwrigh Booth Downes Hounsfield Malin Rawood Wasteneys Bowne Drabble Jenkins Mapplebeck Roodhouse Wild Brookes Earl Jenkinson Marsh Shuttleworth Wilkinson Calvert Favel Jones Morton Skayfe Wood Carnelly Fenny Kaye Newman Slayds Wordsworth Charlton Flint Kempland Nightingale Staniland Yeardley Clarke Flower - There is an excellent parish register. Among the interments in 1632 June 4, is “dame lady Ursula Swyft.” 270 330th crijam. ficttorg of the Cºurtſ, of ſigtúcrijam, Robert de Lexington, instituted 7 kal. Jan, 1229, on the presentation of Sir William de Vesci and Geffery de Sancesmar. . * John de Selston, 1269, presented by lady Agnes de Vesci; but in the next year a jury was summoned to try by what right she presented, who found that she had no right but what her son John de Vesci might give her. Roger de Blythe, collated by the archbishop, on a lapse, 4 id. Jan. 1288. Walter de Wetwang, 3 kal. July 1333, on the presentation of the abbot and convent of Rufford. Richard de Natelby, 3 id. Dec. 1337. He had the king's protection during his attendance on him in France, dated 12 June 1338. Richard de Castro, I Mar. 1344, presented by the abbot and convent. 3. Catalogue of the £itarg. Eustace de Rotherham, instituted 16 kal. Jul. 1296. He was presented by the abbot and convent of Rufford, as were all that follow as long as the house stood; for the religious communities rarely suffered a lapse, and on that account it was that when a church was allowed to pass from the patronage of private ersons to that of a religious community, there was a pension reserved for the archbishop, who thus lost his chance of presentation by lapses. William de Skyres, 3 non. Jan. I 3 Io. Laurence de Atwick, 8 id. Maii I 3 II. William de Liseter. Reyner de Rotherham, 24 Oct. 1349. Reginald de Clapham. - John, son of Simon de Fletburgh, 17 Dec. 1355. Thomas, son of William de Touton, 17 Jan. I 392. John Sclater, 14 Feb. I 394. John Greenfield. William Morton, 14 Nov. 1430. Thomas Gilberthorp, I 5 Nov. 1440. | William Fox, 2 Sep. 1444. William Kellen, 22 Oct. I45 I. Roger Sherwynd, ult. Feb. 1467. John Greenwood, 1478. John Kirkall, 16 May 1694. John Lillie, 18 Dec. I 507. Richard Hoton, S.T.B. 17 March 1513. Simon or John Clerkson, S.T.B. 17 July 1539, on the presentation of Francis earl of Shrewsbury. Nicholas Bramhall, I 3 Oct. I 554, by the same. Thomas Corker, 20 Dec. 1567, presented by George earl of Shrewsbury, one of whose chaplains he was. In the year 1573 he was under accusation for some calumnies which he had uttered against the earl. An account of the affair may be seen in Strype's Annals, II. 251-253. Robert Blackwood, 11 Nov. 1577, presented by the same. Thomas Jopson, 1587, on the same presentation. Qſìje (Tijurci, in (Earlg (Tim eg. 271 Thomas Jopson, 23 Oct. 1593, presented by Gilbert earl of Shrewsbury. John Newton, Io July 1621, on the presentation of William earl of Pem- broke. He resigned, on being made vicar of Ecclesfield. | William Dickinson, 29 Oct. 1628, on the same presentation. He was father to Faith, wife of Sir Ralph Knight. John Shaw, 17 April 1639, presented by Philip earl of Pembroke. Luke Clayton, a very zealous minister, who was found in possession of this church by the act of uniformity. He ought to have retired on the 24 August 1662, but no successor being appointed, he continued in the exercise of his ministry for some months longer, and incurred in consequence the penalties of the act. He was the first of the nonconforming ministers of Yorkshire who suffered imprisonment. When at liberty, he returned to Rotherham, and preached for some years with little molestation at the chapel of Greasborough. He died in 1674. - James Rigby, instituted 7 April 1663, on the presentation of Henry lord Howard of Norfolk, died vicar. Ellis Farneworthe, A.M. 13 March 1666, on the same presentation. A clergyman, probably son to this vicar, bearing both his names, was a writer. There is a brief memoir of him in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. II. He was beneficed in Derbyshire. - Francis Bovil, I 1 March 1670, on the same presentation. Henry Moorhouse, 15 Aug. 1681. On the presentation of William Smithson, gent. pro hac vice. He died here on 5 Aug. 1690. He had been a nonconformist eight years. Died vicar. - John Bovile, 1690, on the presentation of Sir Henry St. George and Charles Mawson. - - Christopher Adam, 26 Oct. 1697, presented by lord George Howard. John Mandevile, 16 June 1701, by the same. - Samuel Ferrand, 21 July 1704, by the same. Vacated by death. Joseph Eccles, 29 Jan. 1733, by Francis earl of Effingham. Vacated by death. John Lloyd, 1 Oct. 1734, by the same. Died 13 April 1782. William Harrison, died 12 June 1794, aged 38.” On his death the vicarage was in the first case promised by the patron, the Earl of Effingham, to the Rev. George Smith, who was nominated August 5th, 1789, by the Rev. James Wilkinson, Vicar of Sheffield, to the curacy of that place. In addition to this appointment he undertook to superintend the education of the son of Jonathan Walker, Esq., of the Ferham, Rotherham, which he did to mutual satisfaction for a year and a half. It is necessary to mention this, as it was made use of in the opposition raised against him afterwards. On the death of the Rev. Wm. Harrison, Mr. Smith solicited Mr. Walker's influence with Lord Effingham, he being well acquainted with his qualifications, in the application he proposed to make to him to be appointed to the living. Mr. Jonathan Walker accordingly wrote to Lord Effingham, as did also his brother, Joseph Walker, Esq., of Eastwood. “His lordship,” according to Mr. Smith's statement, “after making some further enquiries, as to the grounds on which he had been recommended by the Walkers, wrote to Mr. Wilkinson, desiring him to inform Mr. Smith that he intended to present me to the living of Rotherham as soon as ever he knew the necessary forms.” * Our obligations to “South Yorkshire” in this respect, end here. 272 - 330th crijam. But the Rev. Richard Burton had been curate at Rotherham for some time, and had also held the then almost nominal appointment of master of the grammar school from 1780, and had, of course, a number of friends who were stoutly opposed to the living being given over his head to a comparative stranger. A great commotion in the town was the consequence, and means not very scrupulous, as it would seem, were set on foot to set aside the threatened appointment of Mr. Smith. A letter to Lord Effingham, and another, the same in substance, to the Archbishop of York, which Mr. Smith gives in his printed statement, seem to comprise the weight of their objections as under: —“A report has prevailed here that the living of Rotherham is given by your lordship to Mr. Smith, a person recommended by Mr. Wilkinson, and fortified by some of the Walkers. I think it my duty to convey to your lordship the general dissatisfaction expressed by the whole parish at this man's appointment, against whom reports are circulated, without disguise, of an unpleasant tendency. His principles are said to be strongly tinctured with Jacobinism. He has, it is said, left out the prayer for Parliament, and that appointed to be said in time of war and tumult; and even preached a sermon on the Fast day, extremely obnoxious to the loyal part of the congregation. He has been at Rotherham a few days ago, and instead of associating with those who were likely to be his hearers, and with many of whom he was well acquainted, he was engaged with two or three dissenting preachers, and others of that class; nay, so far has this part of his conduct been notorious, that several of the Walkers' congregation have declared that he actually preached twice at their meeting-house. These reports (to say nothing of the tendency of dissenters interfering at all in his appointment) have given so much umbrage to the parish that it was impossible to hear them without informing your lordship, that you might have an opportunity of withholding the presentation, if it is not already given, till such time as you have an opportunity of discovering the truth or falsehood of these reports; and it is at the request of the churchwardens, who are authorised by the inhabitants, that I write to your lordship to state these facts to your most serious consideration. “P.S.—I am just informed that the town are in such anxiety about the business that they mean to send a special messenger with this letter.” Mr. Smith, on hearing of these proceedings, set off without delay to the archbishop to answer personally to the charges, whatever they might be, and distinctly denies the charges alleged against him as to preaching in meeting- houses, &c.; acknowledges to having omitted reading the prayer appointed “in time of war and tumults” as being optional like that “for rain or fair weather,”— but which conduct is blamed by the archbishop as highly imprudent;-and leaves the sermon complained of with the archbishop for his perusal. But the opposition against him seems to have been too strong for him; the archbishop thinks it his duty to transmit the memorial against him to the Earl of Effingham; a public meeting had been previously called, and the above memorial was signed in less than two hours by four hundred persons; and the churchwardens were ordered the same night, late as it was, to set off with it to York in a chaise and four. Lord Effingham comes to the conclusion, after a long correspondence, that, especially as the times then are, Mr. Smith is hardly a proper person to be appointed by him to the Vicarage of Rotherham, and asks him to retire from the contest. The sermon in question is entitled, “A Sermon delivered in Attercliffe Chapel, on Friday, February 28th, 1794, being the day appointed for a General Fast, to (ſhe (thurch in Çarlu (Times. 273 which is annexed a Narrative of Transactions relative to the late disposal of the Vicarage of Rotherham, by George Smith, A.M. “Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and show my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins.’ Isaiah lviii. chap. I v.” It is a fine specimen of plain speaking and faithful expostulation, fervid, and equally affectionate in language, testifying at once to the ability and earnestness of the preacher, and equally honourable to his head and heart. The “loyal” part of his audience to whom it could have been “obnoxious,” could only be those who were themselves disloyal to the God they professed to serve, and to whom truth WaS treaSOn. - * But Mr. Smith does seem to have been one of those who, “with many of the first and best characters in the kingdom, expressed himself a friend to reform in Parliament.” With many, almost with the mass, that would then be sufficient to stigmatize him with the name of Jacobin, a party at that time neither large nor much beloved. In this contest for the appointment of vicar, it is not to be wondered at that the people should prefer one known to them, and for years having lived amongst them; and it is only to be deplored that misrepresentation and unjustifiable means should have been had recourse to, to secure the success accomplished in defeating Mr. Smith. Neither do they seem to have resulted in the appointment of Mr. Burton, as in the same year (1794) Thomas Bayliffe, the son of the Rev. George Bayliffe, for many years one of the assistant ministers in the church of Sheffield, was appointed to the living on the presentation of the patron, Richard, Earl of Effingham. At his death, in 1826, a considerable commotion again took place amongst the church people, but which ended, after great opposition, in the appointment of Thomas Blackley; he published several works, as did also several of his sons, of which an account is given elsewhere. . In 1842 Richard Mosley was appointed to the living, in which for many years he laboured with great assiduity and acceptance—and even after suffering a considerably disqualifying affliction, continued to do so, until age and infirmity could be no longer withstood, and arrangements for his retirement were accordingly and satisfactorily completed. On Tuesday, December 3rd, 1872, an address was presented to Mr. Mosley and his family on their leaving the town, testifying to the feelings of regard entertained towards him and them. These are somewhat more fully expressed in the following address which accompanied the presentation, and which, as a record of, and tribute to long and faithful Christian service, becomes properly a portion of these local annals, as does also Mr. Mosley's reply. This latter supplies a simple and loving relation of the events of his thirty years' pastorate. Alderman Guest, in the absence of Mr. John Haywood, the senior church- warden, having read the address, which he presented to Mr. Mosley, said: “In presenting these tokens of esteem, I feel it my duty to say a few words. The warm and genuine feelings of regard and regret expressed in this address leave but little to add. As the senior member of the Church Council, I cannot but feel honoured in finding myself deputed to fulfil this at once pleasant but mournful office. If we were now endeavouring to put a money estimate on the services you, Reverend Sir, have rendered during your thirty years' pastorate in this place, or were thus trying to evince our recognition of them, or the fulness of our regard towards you in that capacity, most meagre and inadequate indeed 35 274 330th crijam. would be the tangible testimony now offered. But it is not so, and you will, we feel assured, accept it as our simple token and tribute of lively gratitude and honest affection, which will survive in our hearts when distance has severed you from our eyes. In your new, and we hope peaceful and pleasant home, the list of names here engrossed will show that from the peer to the peasant all conditions of life combine to testify to the faithfulness, diligence, and Christian loving- kindness with which your spiritual ministrations here have been so long and signally distinguished, and this, not only by those of the communion of your own church, but also by the ministers and members of Nonconformist churches, whose numerous names on this record will, we are sure, highly enhance its value in your estimation as it does in ours, evidencing as it emphatically does the supreme exaltation of Catholic Christian love over the sectional differences which diversify the Church of Christ. (Applause.) We shall have to wait until the good hand of God brings, or raises up amongst us, some self-denying, devoted, Christian lady, who shall occupy the dismaying sphere of duty, which has been so long, so patiently, so practically, and so piously occupied by Mrs. Mosley. The forlorn, the feeble, the fallen, the forsaken, the utterly prostrated, whether from waste or want, have been her care, and it may be said that she has Drawn, like Marseilles good bishop, purer breath, Where nature sickened, and each gale was death. (Applause.) Whom will next be the ministering presence in these dismal homes and haunts of sin and misery, when you, Mrs. Mosley, shall be no more seen, is in the hands of Him who can alone provide. The Misses Mosley will take with them the warm regard and admiration of all who have known (and who has not) the affectionate fidelity with which you have followed in the footsteps of the parents you revere. In your early days you chose the good part, and found your self-sacrificing vocation midst scenes where pain and penury, destitution, and distress most prevailed. The widow and the orphan, in many a dark home which your presence not unfrequently made bright, will miss you and mourn their loss, but the fervent blessing of many a broken voice will follow you. (Applause.) I have further, Mr. Mosley, the great satisfaction of handing over to you this purse containing 256 guineas. And to you, Mrs. Mosley, I have the pleasure of presenting this service of plate, which I trust you will long preside over. It is very likely amongst your new friends you will sometimes be brought, by the sight of these articles, to remember with pleasure those from whom you are now severed. I trust that your life will be spared in happiness, and I am sure it will be in benevolence.” - The Rev. R. Mosley, in reply, said:—“My dear friends,-What changes a few years bring ! When I first came here I was in the prime of life, but I had not been here many months when it pleased God to send me an affliction which totally incapacitated me, both in mind and body, and whether He would restore me or not was left entirely to Himself to determine. I then went abroad for a short time, and it was according to His will that I in a measure recovered. ‘I returned home, and saw my parish was a large one, with between Io,000 and 11,000 inhabitants. And so I immediately set to work in building schools, and in altering the inside of the church, and in removing the organ, which, beautiful as it was, was placed in the middle of the church, completely before the communion table, so that we passed under it. Money was soon found. We had Çije (Tijurci, in Čarlu (Tim eş. 275 only just to name our wants and set them down on paper, and a subscription was made. I am very pleased to say you have never had any tractarianism from me; the gospel, the whole gospel, and nothing but the gospel you have always had in the pulpit from my lips. Some of you have received it. There are many of you in fact whom I shall meet with in glory above. Be not discouraged, my brethren, Nothing, my brethren, shall separate Christ from you. My Master holds the destiny of each in His hand, and whether He may permit me to visit you again, I do not know, but I should like to do so if it be His will. The presents are costly—far more so than I can in any way deserve. They will serve to remind me as long as I live that I have friends at Rotherham, Friends, my brethren, not only among Church people but among Dissenters too, and where an acknowledge the Lord Jesus Christ, they have been my friends, and I have esteemed them as such. Yea, my brethren, I shall always remember you all at the throne of grace. I shall not forget, while the Lord allows me to think. My labour among you for thirty years is not soon forgotten, nor will it be until God calls me to His own presence above. When the archbishop asked me if I would give up my living I made inquiries who was to be my successor, and finding him to be the right sort of man, all outward things were soon arranged, and I bless God for having provided a man whom I think will just suit you. He is a young man, and he has means, and strives to do God's work. I trust you will help him, my brethren. He comes to a large parish, and will need your assistance as district visitors, and Sunday School teachers, and all other help you can give him. I would commend to your care the church at Eastwood. I know it is difficult and laborious, and things do not always turn out as we wish. If the Lord wills it, He will complete it in due time. And now, my dear friends, I say farewell. I shall address you again on Sunday morning and evening, and if I am not able to call on you all before I leave in the middle of next week, I trust you will excuse me. I shall do what I can, but you know that I am getting old, and very slow in my movements. May God bless you.” (Loud applause). The Rev. Wm. Newton was appointed vicar, and this marks a new and very important era in the history of Rotherham Church. From the happy coincident endowments in the person of the new vicar, of health, strength, competent means, and from a consistent Christian desire to devote them to the service of his divine Master, a wide extension of religious services proportionate to the long existing needs of the out-lying districts has taken place, and the pastoral care of a largely increased population has been provided for. On Sunday, January 12th, 1873, the Rev. Wm. Newton entered upon his office as vicar, preaching his first sermon from Romans c. xv., v. 30, 31, 32,” and in the evening the Rev. Edwin Fox (who had resigned the Vicarage of St. John's, York, to accompany Mr. Newton to Rotherham, at which church Mr. Newton had also officiated) from I Cor. i. c., part of v. 23, 24.” And so this completed account of the vicars of Rotherham up to the present time, embracing a period of five hundred and eighty-two years, auspiciously ushers in a welcome state of peace and prosperity, perhaps never before exceeded, * “Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints; Christ's sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye That I may come unto you with joy by the will of strive together with me in your prayers to God for God, and may with you be refreshed.” me; That I may be delivered from them which do * “We preach Christ crucified, Christ the power of not believe in Judea; and that my service which I God.” 276 33 otherijam. for which too devout thankfulness to the Great Head of the Church cannot be felt, or adequately expressed. And here, however much out of place and however inconsistent with the local object of these pages it may seem, we cannot but for a moment pause to contemplate the series of strange events and strong contrasts which have properly or improperly been adverted to in them. Dimly projected, in the remotest distance of time, we see the humblest of British Christian Churches; too shadowy in outline to distinguish if formed of tree trunks and twisted withies, or of rudest masonry. Yet coeval with, and in due time superseding the vast hypethral temples of Druidic forest worship, said to have then existed in Britain for two thousand years. The infant faith of Christ—the religion of love, and forgiveness of enemies, in meekest guise, conflicting with, and conquering the warlike instincts and fierce habits of the aborigines, in whose religion heaven was to be won by the slaughter of enemies on the battle-field, and with whom “revenge was virtue.” And when yet fiercer foreign hordes swept over the land, and these earliest and humblest of Christian temples shared in the general devastation which was so ruthlessly wrought by pagan savagery, it was only that, in accordance with the advancing process of the ages, and the immutability of the principle, that larger—more costly—and in the end costliest edifices might be upreared and everywhere reverenced. Testifying to the divine origin and consequent indestructibility of the Christian faith, but not to the forms with which human inventions had from time to time invested it. In this retrospective glance we find that during one reign in our own church the high altar is demolished, and its gorgeous ceremonies and grandly imposing services abolished. In the next, it is restored, and with it its resplendent ritual. Then ensues the grossest form of re-action, when in the fervour of another form of devotion or fanaticism, churches are desecrated and turned into barracks for soldiery and stabling for horses, and that avowedly for the glory of God. Yet amidst all this discordant clash of religious opinion, and detrimental and irreligious expression of it, and mingling even with false systems, there has been interwoven noble impulses, lofty aims, and good intentions. The wheat has been winnowed from the driven-off chaff–the fine gold purged by fire, and so, as has been well said, throughout these testing changes, “the modifying of old forms of faith and worship has at length furnished a basis, at once broad and logical, for toleration.” The inalienable right of every man, in his own mode, to render homage to his Maker is broadly acknowledged—as it is, that “the Kingdom of Heaven is opened to all believers.” - The preceding Catalogue of Vicars, which has hitherto been accepted without question as authoritative and complete, is now importantly disturbed by the following Bull of Pope Innocent VI. which has recently been discovered in the Bodleian Library, and which seems to involve a complication difficult to unravel. Innocent was elected pope in 1352, and died in 1362. He is said to have been a great encourager of pious and learned men. In the Bull he appoints William Donke to succeed a William de Liccester (or Leicester) deceased to the vicariate, and to supersede a Robert Mapelbeck who had obtained it informally. - Neither the name of Donke or Mapelbeck appear in the Catalogue of Vicars, but between the “long vacant” period arising from the decease of Liccester, and the institution of Donke by Pope Innocent, in 1360, appear the names of Çiye (thurch in Čarlu (Limes. 277 Reyner de Rotherham instituted 1349, Reginald de Clapham, time of institution not given, and John, son of Simon de Fletburgh, instituted 17th January, I 355. How these names as holding the vicariate between the decease of Liccester and the institution of Donke, as in the following decree, have been passed over without mention involves a difficulty which at present baffles solution. - INNocENTIUS episcopus, seruus seruorum Dei, dilectis filiis Archidiacono Estridyngie et - - - Cancellario ecclesie Eboracensis ac - - - officiali Eboracensi salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Probitatis et uirtutum laudabilia merita, super quibus dilectus filius Willelmus Donke, presbíter Eboracensis dioceseos, apud nos fidedigno commendatur testimonio, nos inducunt ut sibi reddamur ad gratiam liberales. Cum itaque, sicut accepimus, perpetua vicaria medietatis parochialis ecclesie de Roderham dicte dioceseos, per duos Solite perpetuos vicarios gubernari, consueta clericis Secularibus assignari, quam quondam Willelmus Liccester, ipsius medietatis perpetuus vicarius, dum viueret, obtinebat, per obitum ipsuis Willelmi, qui extra Romanam curiam diem clausit extremum, uacet ad presens, et tanto tempore vacauerit quod ejus collatio est ad sedem apostolicam, iuxta statuta Lateranensis Concilii, legitime deuoluta, licet dilectus filius Robertus Mapelbek, monachus monasterii sancte Marie de Rufforth, Cisterciensis ordinis, dicte dioceseos, vicariam ipsam detineat indebite occupatam, Nos uolentes dictum Willelmum Donke premissorum meritorum suorum intuitu fauore prosequi gratioso, discretioni vestre per apostolica scripta mandamus quatinus uos, uel duo aut Vnus vestrum, per uos, uel alium seu alios, si uocatis dicto Monacho et aliis qui fuerint euocandi inueneritis ita esse, et tempore dati presentium non sit in eadem vicaria specialiter alicui uis quesitum, vicariam ipsam cum omnibus juribus et pertinentiis suis eidem Willelmo Donke auctoritate nostra conferre et assignare curetis, Inducentes eum uel procuratorem suum eius nomine in corporalem possessionem perpetue vicarie ac jurium et pertinentiarum predictorum, et defendentes inductum, amoto exinde dicto monacho et quolibet alio illicito detentore, ac facientessibide ipsius vicarie fructibus redditibus prouentibus juribus et obuentionibus uniuersis integre responderi, Contradictores auctoritate nostra appellatione postposita compescendo. Non obstantibus si aliqui super prouisionibus sibi faciendis de hujusmodi perpetuis vicariis aut aliis beneficiis ecclesiasticis in illis partibus speciales uel generales dicte sedis uel legatorum euis litteras impetrarint, etiam si per eas ad inhibitionem reseruationem et decretum uel alias quomodo libet sit processum, quibus omnibus dictum Willelmum Donke in assecutione vicarie predicte volumus anteferri, sed nullum per hoc eis quo ad assecutionem vicariarum et beneficiorum aliorum prejudicium generari, Seu si venerabili fratri nostro - - - Archiepiscopo Eboracensi aut quibusuis aliis communiter uel diuisim ab eadem sit sede indultum quod ad receptionem uel prouisionem alicuius minime teneantur et ad id compelli aut quod interdicti suspendi uel excommunicari non possint quoddue de huiusmodi vicariis uel aliis beneficiis ecclesiasticis ad eorum collationem prouisionem presentationem seu quamvis aliam dispositionem conjunctim uel separatim spectantibus nulli valeat provideri per litteras apostolicas non facientes plenam et expressam ac de uerbo ad uerbum de indulto huiusmodi mentionem et qualibet alia dicte sedis indulgentia generali uel speciali, cujuscunque tenoris existat, per quam presentibus non expressam uel totaliter non insertam effectus earum impediri ualeat quomodolibet uel differri et de quo cujusque toto tenore habenda sit in nostris litteris mentio specialis. Nos enim extunc irritum decernimus et inane si secus super his a quoquam quauis auctoritate scienter uel ignoranter contigerit attemptari. Datum Avinioni, iij Kalendis Maij, pontificatus nostri Anno Nono. [Endorsed, Examinata, G. DE Romanis.] 278 330th crijam. Translation. INNOCENT, Bishop, servant of the servants of God, to our beloved sons, the Archdeacon of the East Riding, and - - - - Chancellor of the Church of York, and - - - - official of York, health and Apostolical Benediction. The praiseworthy merits of the integrity and the virtues for which our beloved son, William Donke, presbyter of the diocese of York, is approved with us by credible testimony, induce us to be liberal in regard to our favour to him. Since, therefore, as we have received information, the perpetual vicarage of the moiety of the Parish Church of Rotherham, in the said diocese, (a church wont to be governed by two perpetual vicars) which is customably assigned to secular clerks, and which the late William Liccester held, who was during his life the perpetual vicar of the same moiety, is now vacant by the death of the same William, who died beyond the limits of the Roman Court, and has been so long vacant that the right of collation to it has lawfully fallen to the Apostolic See, in accordance with the Statutes of the Lateran Council, although our beloved son, Robert Mapelbek, monk of the monastery of St. Mary of Rufford, of the Cistercian order, in the said diocese, withholds this vicarage by undue occupation, We, desiring graciously to favour the said William Donke, from the consideration of his aforesaid merits, do, by our Apostolic writing, commit it to your discretion that you, or any two or one of you, by yourselves or by another or others (if, when you have summoned the said monk and any others who ought to be summoned, you shall have found the case to be as stated, and that at the time of the date of these presents there was not any right specially claimed for any one in the same vicarage) do, by our authority, take care to confer and assign the same vicarage, with all its rights and appurtenances, to the same William Donke, inducting him, or his proctor in his name, into the corporal possession of the perpetual vicarage and of the aforesaid rights and appurtenances, and defending him when inducted, having removed from thence the said monk and any other illegal withholder thereof, and causing that a correct return be made to him of all the fruits, rents, proceeds, rights, and obventions of the same vicarage; silencing opponents by our authority, appeal being laid aside; Notwithstanding if any persons, with reference to provisions to be made to them of perpetual vicarages of this kind, or other ecclesiastical benefices in those parts, shall have obtained special or general letters from the said See or its Legates, even if by those letters process be taken for inhibition, reservation, and decree, or in any other way whatsoever, to all of which persons we will that the said William Donke be preferred in the obtaining of the aforesaid vicarage, but so that no prejudice be by this caused to them with respect to the obtaining of other vicarages and benefices; or if to our venerable brother - - - - - the Archbishop of York, or to any others, jointly or severally, any indult may have been granted by the same See, so that they should not be at all bound to the reception or provision of any person, and should not be compelled to it, or that they should not be interdicted, suspended or excommunicated, and that concerning vicarages of this kind or other ecclesiastical benefices pertaining to their collation, provision, presentation, or any other form of disposal, jointly or severally, it should not be valid for anyone to be provided by apostolic letters which do not make full and express and word-for-word mention of an indult of this kind and of any other indulgence of the said See, general or special, of whatever tenor it may be, by which indulgence, not being expressed in these presents or not wholly inserted, the effect of these letters may in any way be impeded or delayed, and of which whole tenor of any one there ought to be special mention made in our letters. For we declare it thenceforth to be invalid and void if any contrary attempt shall upon these matters have been made by any one upon any authority, whether knowingly or ignorantly. Dated at Avignon on the third of the Kalends of May in the ninth year of our Pontificate. With the exception of the old stalls in what is called in the Faculty, dated 1634, the “Ministers' Quyer,” we have no account whatever of the early seating of the church either as to the galleries or lofts or the body of the church. We know that at the recent restoration when the entire of the galleries and pews were removed, that the oak of which they were formed was in as sound condition as when first erected. It would be interesting to know the description of pews or sittings which at considerable cost they displaced, but of which there seems to be no account. The Faculty under which this latter complete, comfortable, and substantial re-erecting of the north, south, and west galleries took place, and also the re-seating of the body of the church is dated 1743. A licence to allot and assign the said seats is granted in 1746, in consequence of the previous powers granted being rendered deficient by the Commissioners being reduced to a ArTA Sthetball (hurch: •) \ Plau ſi Pousw'ſ R.White, Lit 38eference to 4}lam of that part of the (Church of 3&otherham lattig item graftt, SOUTH SIDE OF THE MIDDLE ISLE. : % II I 2 I3 I4. 29 I5 I6 17 I8 IQ 2O 2I 22 23 24 25 Own ERs' NAMES. 3. c. Mrs. Bradshaw . I# \ Mrs. Tooker I#) Mrs. Tooker • 5 Earl of Effingham . IO Mr. Nath! Morton Mr. Jno Whitehead. Mr. Bingley Mr. Josh Harrison Mr. Thos Westby Mr. Wheatley e Trustees of Chy School. Capt. Buck . e Trustees of Chy School. Widow Hewitt Feoffees for the Town . Geo' Staniforth Thos Radley Shepley Kestaven France . Mr. Cutforthay Thos Best Obadiah Taylor Sam' Parkinson . Gilbert Hammerton Wm. Bower Mr. Wm Harrison Mr. Carver Mr. Geo' Westby Mrs. Bradshaw . Mr. Swallow Mrs. Boomer I 5 NORTH OF THE MIDDLE ISLE. Earl of Effingham . 2% Joseph Johnson . . 2% Mrs. Tooker * > 2 Feoffees of the Town .. 2 Rachel Austin, Widow I Mr. Jno Kent for Mr. Bradbury tº Henry Oddy John Hide Mr. Cowley Mr. Buck . º Wim Dyson I, Bradley I . Benjn Drabble Mrs. Kent, Widow . Mr. Bradbury Richd Nutt Mrs. Buck Mrs. Bell . Mr. Thos Westby Mr. Cotterell Mr. Wharam & Mrs. Hurst of Dalton 5 Marquis of Rockingham 5 5 Trustees of Chy School 5 5 : 5 Thos 2 2 26 27 28 :i IO II I 2 I3 I4. I5 I6 17 I8 IQ 2O 2. I 24 25 26 27 28 29 3O tuiti, the @llotmentº, M ‘. NAMES. 6. c. SouTH SIDE OF North ISLE. T. Jij OUITIlê 5 5 (!. Own ER's NAMES 3. c. Feoffees . º 5 5 I Widow Pashley. I Earl of Effingham 2 Geo. Wright e 2 #: d : 8 2 Mº, Wºm and Mrs. & eatley tº 3 Mrs. Boomer 2 3 Rev" Mr. Lloyd, vicar 5 5 4 Mrs. Finch . 5 5 NORTH SIDE OF SouTH ISLE. 5 Feoffees g 2 & James Hallowell 2 5 #º ha • 4 4 Thos Emmerson I i. O º 2.1.11 . : : 6 Mr. Henry Wilkinson and º Mrs. Hoyland 2 º: Odd do 5 5 Feoffees . 2 5 M. vºn 5 5 Wm Smith g I *... Hº OUISC : l 5 7 Earl of Effingham 5 5 5 8 Mr. Lowe & 3 3 Mr. Brammah 2 J 9 Earl of Effingham 2 Mrs. Finch e 3 3 Mrs. Swift I 5 Earl of Effingham . 2 Mrs. Boomer 2 Revd. Mr. Turner • 2 H 5 To Mr. Nath! Morton 2 Mr. Nath! Morton . I Earl of Effingham 3 5 †"wº for the 2 II Marquis of Rockingham 5 5 É º t Of th e 5 I2 Mr. Green, of Grange 2% Eº º ñº.” : Gilbert Hammerton 2% I3 Mr. Green, of Grange Earl of Effingham . 5 5 3 Mr. Knight g ; } 5 §: ºuck e º } 5 I4. Mr. Cosins . 3 3 Mr. Nath! Morton I I5 Mr. Pearson 5 5 John Fretwell 2 5 ON THE NORTH WALL. Mr. Bellamy 2 Mrs. Wharam 3 3 I6 Late Mr. Wharam l © g 3 3 Wim Wyde 5 5 # §: jºy 3 3 ON THE SOUTH WALL. I i. ɺle : } 3 Wm S Ig Mr. Brooke . º I Bººie : } 3 Earl of Effingham 2 3 Mr. Cutforthay 3 3 2O §: §. #} 3 Thos M fi 1’S. SW1 I # M. j. : 3 || 2: josº ſepson. : 3 Mr. Buck 3 3 George Fox 2 Benjn Brownell 2 \, 22 Mrs. Aslabie 2 ) 3 Mr. Bingley I j 3 Mr. Bradbury I | Mrs. Finch . 3 3 24 Earl of Effingham . 3 3 Mr. Dixon e 2 \ 25 Mr. Bourne 3 3 Mr. Henry Wilkinson I j 3 26 Mrs. Wharam 3 3 Mr. Wheatley 3 3 27 Barthow Jones 3 3 John Cundell 2 28 James Brownell 3 3 Mr. Tunnicliffe, Stani- 3 29 Earl of Effingham 2 lands House . ... I Thos Radley e I 3 hn Tavl 3o Earl of Effingham 2 }: §§y : } 3 Late Widow Pashley I 3 Rich" Awty . 2 31 Mr. Tunnicliffe 3 3 Mr. Wheatley I } 3 32 Benjº Stainrod 3 3 Earl of Effingh g º : | 3 Mr. Wheatley 3 3 a. The Number of Pews in each Isle Wm Spencer, Esq. 2 \ b. No. of Sittings allotted, and to whom Benjn Drabble 3 ) 5 c. No. of Sittings in each Pew 33rference to 33rmg at the Özgt ent of Church. NORTH, I Jno. Foljambe 2 Mary Tyas 3 Jno. Kay 4 Mrs. Westby 5 W. Glossop 6 J. Hall 7 S. Buck 8 9 H. Foljambe IO J. Hay II , , , , 12 F. F. Foljambe I3 R. Kent I4 E. Beeley I5 — Hay 16 E. Ryals 17 J. Wood 18 J. Boomer IQ SOUTH. I F. Foljambe 3 3 * 3 * 4 M. Wild 5 J. Clark 6 J. Clark & W. Ball 7 J. Hohman & Churchwardens 8 Edwd Kay g Jno. Foljambe Io J. Whitehead II. T. Downes 12 Rº Lodge I3 J. Adams I4 E” Kay I5 Thos. Bingley I6 My Barker 17 Rob Wilson 18 Wm. Glossop I9 , , § 3 Qſìje (Tijurch in (Earlg (Tim tº. 279 smaller number than were empowered to act, and one again in 1760. These documents next follow, together with the names of the parishioners to whom the seats are allotted, and a plan of the new galleries, by which a tolerably correct idea may be formed of the occupants thereof attending divine worship nearly one hundred and twenty years ago. Comparatively few even of the same name would now be found amongst the present worshippers attending the ministrations of the same time-hallowed fane. Faculty to remove the Old Seating, Lofts, &c., 1743. John AUDLEY Doctor of Laws Vicar General and Official Principal of the Most Reverend Father in God Thomas by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of York Primate of England and Metropolitan lawfully authorized Whereas at the promotion of Henry Wilkinson Richard Oddy and Richard Wharam the present Churchwardens of Rotherham in the Diocese of York We have lately issued a Citation against all and singular the Parishioners and Inhabitants of and within the Parish of Rotherham aforesaid and all others in general to appear before Us or our lawful Representative in the Consistory Court of York on Thursday the ninth day of December last past to shew lawful cause if they have or know any why an Order or License to remove the Pulpit and Font of the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid to more proper places and likewise to pull and take down the Lofts and Pews in the said Parish Church which at present greatly obstruct the voice of the Officiating Minister and also to erect new Lofts (if necessary) and to regulate and new Seat the Church in a more decent agreeable and commodious manner according to the Plan hereunto annexed should not be granted to Thomas Edmunds and William Beckwith Esquires John Fell Gentleman William Steer and John Downes Clerks And also why a Commission should not pass the Seal of Court directed to them said Thomas Edmunds and William Beckwith Esquires John Fell Gentleman William Steer and John Downes Clerks Impowering them when the said seats stalls or pews and Lofts (if necessary) are erected and built to assign and allot the said Seats stalls or pews to all the Parishioners of the said Parish of Rotherham according to their respective degrees estates and conditions having regard to particular claims and to the number of their respective families pursuant to a petition for that purpose under the hands of the Vicar Curate and diverse of the said Parishioners which said Citation being returned into our said Court with a Certificate of the publication thereof during the time of Divine Service in the said Parish Church of Rotherham and all the said Parishioners and others interested therein being publickly called and none appearing to shew Cause to the contrary Save Edward Bellamy Benjamin Boomer and George Smith who by special Proxy under their hands and seals by them duely executed withdrew the several Caveats entred by them or on their behalfs against the granting an Order or Licence for the purposes aforesaid and consented to the same in every respect Our Surrogate in that behalf lawfully appointed rightly and lawfully proceeding did at the petition of the Proctor of the said Church- wardens accusing the contumacy of all the said persons cited and called as aforesaid and not appearing decree a commission or Faculty to issue to the effect aforesaid We therefore taking the premises into consideration Do by these presents as much as in Us lyes and by law We are authorized give and grant unto William Beckwith Esquire John Fell Gentleman William Steer and John Downes Clerks (Thomas Edmunds Esquire being dead since the issuing of the said Citation) or unto any three of them our 28O 330th crijam. free leave Licence and authority to remove the Pulpit and Font and Reading Desk in the Parish Church of Rotherham to more proper places and likewise to pull and take down the Lofts and Pews in the said Parish Church to regulate and new seat the said Church according to the Plan exhibited into Court and hereunto annexed and to erect build assign or allot the said seats stalls or pews to the Parishioners of the Parish of Rotherham according to their respective degrees Estates and conditions having regard to particular claims and to the number of their respective Families And what you or any three of you shall cause to be done in the premises you shall duly certifie Us or our lawful Representative in the Consistory Court within the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter of York on or before the twenty-second day of September next ensuing together with these presents Given under the Seal of our said Office this twenty-second day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-three. Faculty to take down the Old and Assign the New Seating, 1746. John AUDLEY Doctor of Laws Vicar General and Official Principal of the Most Reverend Father in God Thomas by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of York Primate of England and Metropolitan lawfully authorised To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting Whereas at the promotion of Richard Oddy Richard Wareham Henry Wilkinson John Cutforthay and John Kent gent Churchwardens of the Parish Church of Rotherham in the Diocese of York We have issued a Citation against All and singular the Parishioners and Inhabitants of and within the Parish of Rotherham aforesaid to appear before Us or our lawful Representative in the Consistory Place within the Cathedral and Metropocal Church of St Peter of York on a certain day and hours now some time past To shew reasonable and lawfull cause if they had or knew any why the Order or License with a Commission heretofore granted to William Beckwith Esq." John Fell Gent William Steer and John Downs Clerks to remove the Pulpit and font to pull and take down the lofts regulate and new seat the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid and when so seated to assign and allott the same should not be renewed with the same powers as the former to perfect what was thereby directed (now rend’red deficient by the Commissioners being reduced to a smaller number than were empowered to act) and granted to William Beckwith Esq." John Fell Gent the Rev" Samuel Drake Doctor in Divinity the Reverend Randolph Marriott John Bright and Adamson Kenyon Clerks Which said Citation was duly published in the said Church and hath been returned into our said Court and all the said parties being called and none appearing to shew cause to the contrary Our lawfull Surrogate sitting in judgment lawfully proceeding decreed the Order or Faculty with a Commission heretofore granted as aforesaid to be renewed with the same powers as the former to perfect what was thereby directed and granted to the said William Beckwith John Fell Samuel Drake Randolph Marriott John Bright and Adamson Kenyon according to the tenour of the said Citation We therefore taking the premisses into consideration do by these presents as much as in Us lyes and by law we are authorized give and grant unto the said William Beckwith Esq." John Fell Gent Samuel Drake Doctor in Divinity Randolph Marriott John Bright and Adamson Kenyon Clerks or to any three of them our free leave Licence and authority to perfect what was directed in the Order or Licence with a Commission heretofore granted to William Beckwith Esquire John Fell Gent William Steer and John Downes Clerk to remove the Pulpit and Font to pull and take down the Lofts G) Š---> 3|) y : tau fi (5alletics ºf ºtherhaul (hurch: Jorth-ſhapel O ſhow: O South-ſhapel South Grams ept. Printed by RWhiteWorksop. I 23 North GALLERY. Mr. Robt. Wilson and Mrs. Fras. Wheatley Mr. Obedh Foljambe Mr. Rich" Bingley The Hon. Mrs. Eliz. Finch Mr. Ralph Tunnicliffe Mr. Valentine Radley Mr. Jacob Boomer Mr. Thomas Scholey Mr. John Cutforthay Mr. Robt. Clark Mr. Sam! Tooker Mr. John Duke Mrs. Jane Westby Mr. Jno Hall Mr. Joseph Johnson Mr. John Hirst Mr. John Kay, Junº Mr. John Whitehead Mr. Benjº Drabble Mr. Willm. Wilson Mr. John Turton Mr. John Taylor (Miller) Mr. John Pearson 24 Mr. George Dyson 3Reference to #ſan of (5allerieg. SOUTH GALLERY. Mr. Rd Eyre . Mr. Thos Scammadine Mr. John Wilkinson Mr. Win Nightingale Mr. John Hirst Mr. William Ownes Mrs. Mary Bingley Mr. John Place Mr. Samuel Tooker Mr. John Kay Mr. John Pearson Mr. Jno Taylor (Butcher) Mr. Francis Oxley Mr. Barw Hounsfield Mr. Geo. Broom Mr. IC Walton Mr. Jno. Hayes Mr. Jno. Whitam Mrs. Cathe Buck Mr. Win Bamsley Mr. Josh Arnold Mr. Sam! Hallows Hamer Mr. Thos. Scammadine Mr. Ralph Tunnicliffe ORGAN GALLERY. The Organist’s family : : : WEST GALLERY. Mr. Robt. Revell Mr. Rū Tyas Mr. Geo. Kent Mr. John Kent Mr. Joseph Cosens Mr. John Wilkinson Mr. Thos. Flather Mr. Thos. Collett N. TRANSEPT GALLERY. Earl of Effingham S. TRANSEPT GALLERY. Earl of Effingham Mr. Matthw Sanderson Mr. Jnº. Cutforthay Mr. Sam! Hallows Hamer Mr. John Mirfin Mr. John Bower Qſìje (thurch in (Earlu (ſim c5. 28 I regulate and new seat the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid and when so seated to assign and allott the same with the same powers as the former (now rendered deficient by the Commissioners being reduced to a smaller number than were empowered to act) and what they or any three of them shall cause to be done in the premisses they shall duly certifie Us or our lawfull Representative in the Consistory Court within the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter of York as soon as conveniently may be together with these presents Given under the Seal of our said Office this twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-six Faculty to take down an Old Loft, and to erect North, South, and West Lofts, 1760. WILLIAM HERRING Doctor of Laws Vicar-General and Official Principal of the Most Reverend Father in God John by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of York Primate of England and Metropolitan lawfully authorized To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting Whereas at the promotion of Samuel Tooker Esquire Samuel Hallows Hamer Gentleman Ralph Tunnicliffe Gentleman and Henry Wilkinson Yeoman Churchwardens of Rotherham in the Diocese of York We have issued a Citation against All and singular the Parishioners and Inhabitants of and within the Parish of Rotherham aforesaid in general To appear before Us or our lawful Representative in the Consistory Place within the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter of York on a certain day and hours now some time past to shew reasonable and lawful cause if they had or knew any why a Licence or Faculty to take down an Old Loft or Gallery Scituate at the East end of the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid commonly called or known by the name of the Scholars' Loft and to erect and build Lofts or Galleries on the South and North sides and West end of the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid according to the Plan hereunto annexed to project into the Body of the said Church and to contain in breadth sixteen feet and six inches or thereabouts and to be in height from the ground to the underside of the Floor to the front ten feet seven inches or thereabouts and to the back part thereof fourteen feet or thereabouts (the underside of which Floor to be well ceiled with Plaister to improve the light of those who sit below and to prevent their being incommoded with dust) to be supported by breaks to be made in the columns to the Front and by pieces of Timber to be fixed in the walls to the back part thereof with stairs to ascend thereto on the West end against the North and South walls of the said Church should not be granted to them the said Samuel Tooker Samuel Hallows Hamer Ralph Tunnicliffe and Henry Wilkinson for the use of such of the Parishioners of the said Parish as are not provided with convenient seats stalls or pews in the said Church and will contribute to the expences attending the obtaining the said Licence or Faculty and the erecting the said Lofts or Galleries which said Citation was duely published in the said Church and hath been returned into our said Court and all the said parties being called and none appearing to shew cause to the contrary We sitting in Judgment lawfully proceeding decreed a Licence or Faculty to be granted to the said Samuel Tooker Samuel Hallows Hamer Ralph Tunnicliffe and Henry Wilkinson according to the tenor of the said Citation And We do hereby in pursuance of the said Decree grant to them such our said Licence or authority willing that no person whatsoever molest or disturb them or any imployed by them in the taking down the said Old Loft or Gallery or in the erecting and building Lofts or Galleries with stairs to ascend thereto as aforesaid or in the perfecting or compleating the same according to the tenor of the said 36 282 33 otherham. Citation and Plan annexed as aforesaid And what you or any of you shall do or cause to be done in the premisses you shall duly certify Us or our lawful Representative in our said Court at or before the first Court day of Michmas term in the year 1761 together with these presents Dated at York the first day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty. In addition to the existing galleries erected under the Faculties before given, it would seem that about 1776 it was thought desirable to erect an organ loft, on each side of which was to be a gallery in continuation (separated by the tower pillars), of the north and south gallery. The object contemplated was to derive a revenue from the additional seat rents, which was to be applied to the payment of the organist's salary; for this purpose a Faculty, as hereunder given, was obtained. Joseph BANKs Bachelor of Laws Vicar-General and Official Principal of the Most Reverend Father in God Robert by divine Providence Lord Archbishop of York Primate of England and Metropolitan lawfully authorized To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting Whereas at the promotion of John Clark John Bower Robert Taylor and John Drake the present Churchwardens of the Parish of Rotherham in the Diocese of York We have Issued a Citation against all and singular the Parishioners and Inhabitants of and within the Parish of Rotherham aforesaid in general To appear before us or our lawful Representative in the Consistory place within the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St. Peter of York on a certain day and hours now sometime passed To shew reasonable and lawful cause if they had or knew any why a License or Faculty to erect and build three Lofts or Gallerys on the North and South sides of the steeple and west end of the Choir of the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid according to the plan hereunto annexed The Loft or Gallery at the West end of the Choir for the purpose of fixing an Organ thereupon and to adjoin on the great pillars which support the steeple or spire of the said Church on the north and south sides thereof and to front the middle isle on the west to contain in length from east to west eighteen feet or thereabouts and in breadth in the front sixteen feet and the back part thereof twenty-five feet or thereabouts and in and near the center sixteen feet or thereabouts to be in height from the ground to the under side of the floor of the front Ten feet six inches or thereabouts and to the back part nearly the same with a way thereto up the steeple stairs one other of the said lofts or gallerys to be erected and built on the north side of the steeple of the said parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid to be divided unto five pews and to adjoin on the west to the steeple of the said Church on the east to range with or near unto the front of the great pillars and to contain in length twenty feet from east to west in the front and in the back part thereof twenty-one feet or thereabouts and in breadth from north to south fifteen feet six inches or thereabouts to be in height from the ground to the underside of the floor of the front ten feet eight inches and to the back part thereof fourteen feet eight inches or thereabouts with a way thereto from the said present loft or Gallery and the other of the said lofts or gallerys to be erected and built on the back side of the steeple of the said parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid to be divided into five pews and to adjoin on the west and east to the steeple of the said Church and the present loft or gallery on the south side of the said Church and to range with or near unto the front of the pillars which support the steeple to contain in length from east to west in the front twenty feet and in the back part thereof twenty-one feet or thereabouts and in breadth from north to south fifteen feet six inches or thereabouts to be in height from the ground to the underside of the floor of (The (thurch in (Earlu (Tim e.g. * * 283 the front ten feet eight inches and to the back part thereof fourteen feet eight inches or thereabouts with a way thereto from the said present loft or gallery should not be granted to the said John Clark John Bower Robert Taylor and John Drake and the pews in the said two last-mentioned lofts or gallerys to be rented by the parishioners of the said Parish of Rotherham and the Rents to be applied in discharge of the Organist's salary from the time being which said Citation was duly published in the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid and hath been duly returned into our said Court and the Proctor of the said John Clark John Bower Robert Taylor and John Drake having also prayed to remove the pulpit from its present situation and to fix it over the present reading desk about six feet southward and about two feet eastward so as to adjoin the middle isle with a way thereto as described in another plan hereunto annexed and all the said parties being called and none appearing to shew cause to the contrary our lawful Surrogate sitting in judgment lawfully proceeding decreed a licence or faculty to be granted to the said John Clark John Bower Robert Taylor and John Drake to erect and build the said three lofts or gallerys on the North and South sides of the steeple and west end of the Choir of the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid and to remove the pulpit as above described according to the tenor of the said Citation and petition aforesaid and agreeable to the two plans annexed And we do hereby in pursuance of the said decree grant to them such our said licence or Authority willing that no person whatsoever molest or disturb them or any employed by them in the erecting or building the said three lofts or Gallerys on the North and South sides of the steeple and west end of the Choir of the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid and in the removing the said pulpit or in the perfecting and completing the same according to the tenor of the said Citation petition and plans annexed and what you or any of you shall do in the premisses you shall duly certify us or our lawful representative in our said court as soon as conveniently may be together with these Presents Dated at York the eight day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand Seven hundred and seventy-six. - By Decree) FRA WRIGHT, THOMAS BRook, Proctor. of Court, |º Register. The South Isle of the Choir. The two Gallerys that is propos'd to be erected is for the benifit of the Organest; so as to raise him Twenty pounds a year. The Earl of Effingham has subscrib'd for the North Gallery s, d. at p year - g o e e e gº g . 7 I 2 O Likewise for the Front Pew in the South Gallery, mark'd No. I, at p year . . . G º ſº • • . 3 I 2 O Mr. Hamer, Mr. Cuthforthey, Mr. Merfin, of Masber, and Mr. Sanderson, chymist, has subscribed for the other four, to take their chances by lot at the prices affixed to each, which is p yeer º e º e o e e e , 9 IS O A 20 I7 O The 17s. over is for repairing the Organ. 1777. 26" June. At a Meeting held this day, in the Vestry of the Parish Church of Rotherham, persuant to notice, the pews, Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, on the south side of the Organ Galery, were Ballotted for by Messrs. John Cuthforthey (by his son Robt Cutforthey), Sam' Hallas Hamer (by his son James Hamer), Matthew Saunderson, and John Mirfin, the persons who have subscribed for the said Pews, when - 284 : 330th crijam. #, d No. 2 was allotted unto Mr. Matthew Saunderson, chymist, at the old Glass house, Masber, at the yearly rent of 2 9 O No. 3 unto Mr. Cutforthey, at the yearly rent of . º . 2. I4. O No. 4 unto Mr. Hamer, at the yearly rent of . wº . 2 Io o No. 5 unto Mr. John Mirfin, of Masber, at the yearly rent of 2 o o Per year * . ſ.9 13 O Which said rents are to commence and take place from the first day of July next, and to be payable half-yearly on the first of July and the first of January. - JoHN BowFR, In the presence of JNo. Folja MBE, J. DRAKE, Churchwardens. JoHN TURTON, JoHN CLARK, WM. BARNSLEY. S. Thomas, Earl of Effingham, subscribed for the five pews in the North Gallery, at . . . . . . 7 I2 per year. And for the front pew in the South Gallery, at . * > . 3 I 2 5 5 Payable at the above times . & tº e ſº gº . Aſ I I 4 53 The Organ and the three Gallerys are compleated in the Parish Church of Rotherham. The Pulpit remains in the same situation that it was in, as wee hear of no complaints now (The Rev" Mr. Loyd having got so able an assistant as to be heard in allmost every part of the Church). - As Witness our hands, JoHN Bow ER, J. DRAKE, Rotherham, July 2, 1779. . Jo HN CLARK, - - Churchwardens. The Rev" Mr. Burton. N.B.-The Churchwardens had intended to have returned this Certificate to the Court of York, at the Visitations, but Mr. Foljambe, their Attorney, said there was no OCCaS1C11. The cost of these additional galleries was defrayed out of a subscription very spiritedly entered into by the parishioners for a new organ by the celebrated Snetzler. The separate cost of the galleries amounted to ſ 156 12s. 2d. as shown by the account. - - The Minute Books of the Churchwardens, and their accounts from the year 1763, were carefully kept, and several matters of considerable interest are recorded. A somewhat rapid glance at these must suffice. In illustration of the tidy times of churchwardenship, “beautifying of churches,” the following curious statement of the interior measurement of Rotherham Church, by Mr. Bowers, is given. He was one of the principal public men of the place at that time, a plumber and glazier, and occupied the large premises in the High Street, next above the “Black Horse,” and reaching up to the Beast Market. This was afterwards occupied by Mr. Johnson in the same business; then by Mr. John Lambert, who removed from the opposite side of the street, as the leading woollen draper of the town and neighbourhood, and who succeeded his father-in-law, Mr. Batty, at “The Tontine,” in Sheffield. The same house has since had several occupants in the same trade of drapers, and is now owned by Mr. Bibbs. Qſìje (Tijurci, in Čarlg (Jime;. 285 Dimensions and measurements of the inside of Rotherham Church, as taken and calculated by Mr. John Bower, October 14th, 1763, viz.:- Feet. Feet. Feet. Eight Columns or Pillars . . . . . 70. I6. I I2O. Eight other Do, or Do.. © fe º I 25.6 I6. I62o. Eight Isle Pillars . e º tº . 21.6 12. 258. Twelve Arches . o º o º 254. 5.3 IS57.3 Church Body above the Arches . e . I 97.8 II.5 2256.5 The Wall from Capital top to Arch top. 264. I 2. 3.168. West end to Arch top º e & . 28. IO 25. 72O.IO South Isle . e . . e º 9I. 27. IO 2532. North Isle . C © g e • 91. I7'IO 2532. Plain Wall in South Cross Isles . º 56.5 38.6 2 I 28. Do. in Do. . . . 38.6 5. I 92.6 Do. in South Cross Isle above the two Arches 14. 9. I 26. Do. in said Isle above another Arch . . 21. 6. I 26. North Cross Isle . e º º º 59. 38.6 2271.6 Do. above the Arches e © . . 24. 9. 216. North Isle by the Chancel . e o 45. 2.I.9 875.9 Do. over the Arches by do. e tº . 28. 8. 224. South Isle by the Chancel . e © 56. 2 I. I 176. Do. over the Arches do. . e e • 2 I. IO. I IO. The Vestry. e e º e º 56. 9. 5O4. Yards. 240,74.8 or 2674° At one penny per yard, which was the price Mr. Bower paid Samuel Jenkinson for whitewashing the church, ſII 2s. Iod. In the above measurements, the Chancel, underside of the Steeple, or Doom, and the underside of the Galleries are not included. In 1777 John and Samuel Jenkinson asked the Churchwardens ſio 1 5s. for doing the same work, but they not agreeing to give the price, it was afterwards let to Sam' Jenkinson, of Whiston (who was to find everything necessary at his own expence) for A 7 17s. 6d. He did his work well and completed it in twenty-seven days, therefore Mr. Bower thinks he was well paid at that price and which was much less than was before paid for the same work. High Street in past times, and even within the present century, would present a remarkable succession of residents, and might well suggest a monitory reflection as to the brevity of the space of time allotted to the success or failure of arduous business life. It was a favourable situation for trade at a period when it was so limited that the diligent hand only secured competence, and there were considerable exceptions. Shops were open from seven o'clock in the morning in summer and from eight o'clock in winter, and until eight and nine o'clock at night as a rule. From the scene of his life's labour the long-known and highly-respected townsman was generally carried to his silent rest in the * The transcriber is not answerable for spelling or addition. 286 330th crijam. neighbouring church or churchyard. The Walkers had crowned the surrounding eminences with their handsome mansions, but there was not a single villa residence occupied by a person in trade. * 1765, 14 Aug". Benjamin Stainrod was appointed Sexton in the room and place of Joseph Corker. A Rentall of the Houses and Land belonging to the churchwardens of Rotherham, 1779. ;4, S. d. Thomas Collet, house in Millgate and a Close in Carr-House lane, at per year . • • e • tº tº . 6 Io o Mrs. Flather, for Houses by the Churchyard side (º e 3 IO O Samuel Tooker, Esq., for Lands where the Bowling Green was, and in the Gardens where the Pigeon Coat is, late Eyres . I Io o Rich" Eyre, for a Close near the Clough Oa. 3r. 12p., now Tho' Walton, ſ2 . º ſº e tº dº e e I IO O Mrs. Buck, Dr. Malin Charity out of a House by the Churchyard side, now John Stainrod, tenant g e . I O O John and Jas. Bagshawe, for their Houses upon Doncaster-gate- head, and Common right, near Canklow-Wood © O 2 O O Mrs. Gillott, for a Garden oa. Ir. 24.p., lying upon the left hand side of Carrhouse lane . I O O Josp" Blankley and Samuel Jenkinson, for a house in Wellgate (a Common right to it). e e tº ſº e e I O O Wm. Cross, of Ravenfield, for a House in Wellgate (late Rob' Clark) and some Common rights g ſº Q. c ... I O O Thos. Hynch, House in the Shambles, re-built in 1799, and cost £28 65. . tº e I IO O The Interest of £200, being Mr. Edw" Bellamy's Legacy to the Poor of Rotherham, the principal is sunk in the Feoffees hands for ever, they paying annually upon Christmas day to the Vicar and Churchwardens the sum of . . . . 8 o o The first payment being due Dec. 25, 1779. A Rental of the Pews that have been erected upon the North and South side of the Steeple in the Gallerys, for the benefit of the Organist's Sallerey, for half a year due upon Jan' the I" and July the I" in every year, to the Churchwardens of Rotherham for eVer. - The Earl of Effingham for five Pews in the North Gallery for - half a year . º * © º ſº º tº . 3 I6 O Nº 1. The Earl of Effingham for the Front Row in the South Gallery 1 16 N” 2. Mr. Matthew Saunderson, Chymist at the old Glass house, Masber (now Mr. Beatson) . tº © e N° 3. Mr. John Bingley (late a Mercer in Rotherham) . Nº 4. Sam' Hallows Hamer, Esq. . . . . Nº. 5. Mr. John Mirfin, Skinner in Masber The half year's Rental . . A Io # S. d. O 4. . i . The Church in Garlu (Times. 287 A long Minute of a Meeting held 6 April, 1779, vests the bequest of Mr. Bellamy in the hands of the Feoffees on payment by them of £8 a year as above. 23 April, 1792. I792. At a Meeting of the Inhabitants of the Town of Rotherham, in the County of York, held this day, in pursuance of notice given in the Church yesterday, to take into consideration the propriety of taking down the Wall at the end of the North-west corner of the Churchyard, and laying a part of the said Churchyard to the Streets called Ratten Row and Mill Gate for the accommodation of Travellers. The said Streets being to narrow at the said corner. It was unanimously resolved that Mr. John Coupland, Mr. Jacob Boomer, and Mr. John Drake be requested to stake out by sufficient stakes the intended alteration, and that public notice be given in the Church, on Sunday next, for the Inhabitants to meet on Thursday following, to consider of the propriety of such alteration. - DENHAM,” 23 Ap' 1792. May 3, 1792. At a Meeting of the Churchwardens of the Town and Quarters of the Inhabitants, agreeable to notice given at the Church on Sunday last, It was agreed That a Faculty be obtained at the expense of the Town for taking off the Churchyard at the corner, not exceeding twelve feet in breadth, and widening the street towards the Shambles as now staked out. That the corner of the Churchyard, as above-mentioned, for twenty-one yards in length, be now taken off at the expense of the Town, except taking down the wall and rebuilding the same, which is to be done at the joint expense of the Town and out-quarters, Wm. Harrison's kin not allowing the removal of bodies. The centre part of the town must have then presented a very different appearance to what it does at present. “Ratten Row” is not a pleasant name, and is significant of the old dilapidated dwellings and ruinous out-buildings in which vermin might have free run and undisturbed harbour. And yet one hundred and thirty years before this a large Inn, kept by William Clayton, was situate in this Row, which must have been one of the principal thoroughfares of the town. How that could be when the street was twelve feet narrower than it is now, is one of those difficulties in connection with such like old places, not easy to dispose of The churchyard would then have its fence wall, but not bearing up a high bank as at present, and the entrance to the church by the west door would be by a comparatively easy ascent: the access to the churchyard at the low corner from Briggate was by the “Church Stile,” often referred to in old deeds. A large range of buildings at the low and west side of the church were old and ruinous, and were only removed within the last fifty years. It was afterwards decided to erect palisades on the new wall at the west end and on the low side of the church. 1792, June 25. Meeting to appoint organist to succeed Mr. Lawton, when Mr. Sampson was appointed at £20 a year, who soon after resigned, and Mr. Ellis was appointed. 1794, June 13. The Churchyard was enlarged at the East end of the Church by the purchase of Houses and Gardens, the property of the Earl of Effingham and others, which was done at the price of £438 os. I Id., including Law Costs. * This signature has no explanation connected with it. 288 330th crijam. - 1794, July 10. Ordered that the Churchwardens shall be allowed any expenses that has been, or may hereafter be incurred by them in making such enquiry, &c., respecting the Rev" Geo. Smith, as they were requested to do at a Public Meeting held at the Town Hall the 3" Inst. - Making “such enquiry, &c.,” is very adroitly put, the expenses being in fact for travelling in post-chaise and four to the Archbishop at York to oppose the institution of the Rev. Geo. Smith to the Vicarage, and which has already been referred to. 1795. March 26, 1795. The Churchwardens were called upon, under an Act of Parliament, to raise four able-bodied men for his Majesty's Navy. - The perambling (as it is called) expenses of 1795 are complained of, and are shewn to be as follows:— - ;6 May 14, 1795. Ale and Dinner at the Town Hall 3 I 3 O Ale, &c., at Morthen . º º tº 2 I9 Io Wine, ſ.3; Cheese, ſ2 5s 5 5 O John Watson (Constable) O I 9 O 2. I6 Io 31st March, 1796. At a Meeting of the Inhabitants of the Town and parish of Rotherham, called by notice for the purpose of considering the propriety of making some alteration or improvement in the Street opposite the Shambles in this Town, and to consider the propriety of increasing the Organist's salary. Present—Messrs. Walker, Coupland, Boomer, Oxley, Jn” Oxley, Stanley, Harrison, W. Stanley, Melbourne, Carnelly, Drake, Lawton, Scholes, Woodcock, Taylor, and Holden. Resolved unanimously, that it will be desirable for the improvement of the Town if some plan be devised to widen the Street opposite the Shambles the whole distance from Mr. Watson's house to the Church steps. Resolved. That it will be necessary for this purpose to purchase Mrs. Flather's premises, and to prevail on Mr. Buck to build his House “The Ring of Bells” so far on the Church ground as the edge of the Causeway, throwing out so much at least to the Street as he will gain on the side of the Churchyard, and that if Mrs. Flather's premises are purchased and re-built, the person re-building shall be obliged to follow the same line towards the street, and also towards the Churchyard, as far as possible—a Committee of five gentlemen appointed to treat with all persons interested, and to report what money will be wanted. Resolved, that A.30 shall be paid the Organist instead of £20. Dec. 4, 1796. A Meeting was held to arrange, in conjunction with Hooton Roberts, to use means for procuring Six Men for the Army, agreeable to an Act of Parliament, entituled “An Act for raising a certain number of men in the several Counties of England for Service in his Majesty's Army.” Oſije (Tijurci, in Čar Ig QT integ. 289 A Subscription ordered to be entered into for the Supplementary Militia, consisting of three Classes, 15.5., Ios., 53., for the purpose of giving Bounties to Volunteers, and if Volunteers cannot be procured then to give to men ballotted, to procure Substitutes themselves, or serve. - RICH* Hold EN, Chairman. 20th Sept., 1797. The Report of the Committee was made. That they had purchased John Coe's share of the premises and had contracted for Mr. Hounsfield's shares, and further that the whole sum wanting, exclusive of Mrs. Flather's life estate, will be about one hundred and forty pounds, including Titles. Resolved that the said sum of money be raised by Church assessment, - - - and in the mean time the Committee be authorized to borrow money to complete the purchase, and that at the proper time they issue advertisements offering the premises to sale, reserving the ground required for the Street. The Church property adjoining the premises to be included in the Sale, reserving the rents now produced thereby, being three pounds ten shillings. That Mrs. Flather be offered an annuity of Twenty Guineas during her life. Surplus to be used for the benefit of the Town. 1803. A Committee appointed to class the Inhabitants liable to serve in the Militia, and to enter into a Subscription, to defray the expenses of the ballotted men.” June 22, 18O3. Agreed that a sum of £200 be advanced towards purchasing the house now occupied by David Lawton and the waste land adjoining thereto. The Profits of the Markets agreed to be rated at £40 per annum, whether the shops be full or empty. There were several meetings held for the purpose of erecting a singing loft or gallery in front of the organ, a subject on which great divergence of opinion existed. Eventually the project was carried by a large majority; but the gallery was not, I think, after all erected. 1812. Mr. John Axe is requested to attend a Meeting to give reasons for the irregularity of the Chimes.” The contention of the Tinsley quarter, at this period, was the means of estimates of the church expenses being produced before the annual meetings; and at the one held April, 1816, despite difficulties and dissensions then existing, the estimate seems to have been on a liberal scale; and having, as is stated, been carefully examined, it was allowed and confirmed. S. d. 1813. The Assessment amounts to e tº tº º . . I : I4 5% The 4 Quarters . º sº º e I 2C) O O Balance from preceding Churchwarden º º º . 20 7 6% Balance due to out-going do. . e e º º º 26 I4 3% Cash for Bell metal . tº tº º º © © e O 7 Io; £319 4 2 * It is scarcely conceivable “in these piping times of peace” how wide-spread was the alarm and dismay which entered the homes of the middle and working classes when these compulsory calls for men to enter the Army or Navy were made. And therefore it was that subscriptions at different rates were entered into, by which funds were raised to procure substitutes for the ballotted men, such substitutes at one time costing . from A.30 to £40. " Jacky Axe was a blind man, well known at that time in Rotherham, who attended to the regulation of chimes and clocks, and was considered very clever in musical and mechanical matters. 37. 29O 330th crijam. The following year the outlay was even much larger, amounting to £506 IIs. Id., of which a full account follows. - It cannot be wondered at that these expenses pressing so heavily on the outlying townships, which derived no advantage from them, should occasion discontent; and in this instance resistance, and proceedings in the Ecclesiastical Court had to be instituted, of which a further mention will be made. The account for the year 1813 to 1814 was copied by one of the townsmen with the following preliminary observations, and as will be seen with not very complimentary annotations, some of which indeed are not given, as not meriting being preserved. Westry, 1815. The Accounts of the Churchwardens of Rotherham having been audited and passed for 1813 to 1814, at a Meeting of the Parishioners specially called for that purpose, there is now neither will nor power to annul anything sanctioned by that Meeting. But as one of the principal objects of recording Public Accounts, is, that the parties who contribute to the general Expenditure may at all, or at least at seasonable times look at the disbursements, the parishioners now assembled avail themselves of that right, and from the result draw some useful conclusions for the government of future Churchwardens. PERSONs’ Accounts. Aº REMARKs. S. • I John Guthrie 6 19 7 For what? 2 Smith & Binks . 3 17 3 Glaziers' Bill. 3 Edw. Pagden 20 18 6 For the Stove principally. 4 Thos. Fletcher . 5 O O Annual attendance on the Clock. 5 C. Wilson 9 Ig II; For what? 6 Jo. Dixon . Io 15 5 Not legible. By whom ordered 2 7 Jo. Adams 2 4 I Jobbing principally. 8 Jo. Raby . 7 5 O Team work. Where at 2 9 Ab. Clayton . 29 I g At Stove. - Io Benj. Shaw 5 5 o Annual Salary. Music Master. II G. Gillott I g o Cardinal Cundy’s “Hat.” I2 J. Jessop . I2 I2 o Salary for taking care of Clock and Chimes. 13 John Lambert 5 II 2 For what ? - 14 Wm. Heathcoat 6 8 o Team work. For what? I5 Jno. Moore . . 9 I3 4 Stone work. Do. I6 Wm. Holdsworth . I 7 4 Blacksmith’s work. 17 John Earnshaw 39 18 6. At Stove principally. Who check'd this 2 I8 Richd. Pagden . , I Q O - 2. I9 Jo. i. 2 6 & Children's Feast. 2O Thos. Smith 3 13 Io For what ? 2I Wm. Fenton . I I2 6 Coals. For what 2 22 Cardinal Cundy I 2 o Shoes for self and Woofinden. 23 Lydia Steel 2 I3 6 Washing Surplices. 24 Jo. Crowther & Son . o I4 4. Wheelbarrows. 25 Harry Brunt . o 3 g Mett of hair. 26 Saml. Lockwood I Io o Yoking 7th Bell. 27 Wm. Bingley 2 I g Candles, Tallow, &c. 28 Wm. Heathcoat o I6 g Team work. 29 Heathfield, &c. o 5 6 Hot pipes. 3o Thos. Cawthorne . . © e 6 O 5 Clothing mark. 31 Saville & Aldred, Spirit Merchants 35 4 6 What Quantity and how disposed of 2 32 Wm. Blagden º e I I3 Ił Lime. 33 Crookes & Craven I 18 g Printing, &c. 34 Wm. Banks 3 Io I Candles for 3 mos. 35 Wm. Farr 6 18 Io Painting. What? 36 Jno. Wood º 40 4 5 An iron pan for the stove. 37 Wm. Heathcoat O 5 O Leading rubbish. 38 Thos. Bayliff 6 6 o Gratuity. 39 Arundale & Co. 2 I o Repairing Bells. 40 G. Glossop e 8 I2 II Painting. What? Palisades. 4I R. & T. Rimmington I I4 7 Pastoral advice. 42 S. Needham . e 2 6 O Besoms 43 R. Walkland . 7 g Io 700 pipes. What kind? For smoke or smoking? 44 Wm. Jessop 14 Io 6 “Lowance” For how many men, what w quantity, and by whose knowledge 2 45 W. Bayliffe o II II Sundries. 46 J. Hattersley 4 I2 4 Bell ropes for one year. Who made the agreement 2 Oſije (Tijurch in (Earlg (Tim c5. 29 I PERSONs’ Accounts *; REMARKS. S. º 47 Black Boy at Doncaster, Dinner . . 25 IO 9 Visitations. Waiters and Hostlers o I7 6 - © º 48 Saml. Oldfield at Rotherham . . 8 8 3 Chaises. How many chaises, and how charged 2 *w-4 34. I6 6 49 Property tax . . s e e g O I3 3 50 J. Walker & Co. tº e º 0. 4 I2 o Iron Work. 51 Henry Close . . . . . o 12 19 6 Bricks. For what? 52 Plan of the Stoves. W. Sadler º 2 2 O #395 9 6 Organist’s Salary . e ſº & tº 3O O O Bellows blower. • * e I 6 O Ringers' Salary . . . . . 20 o o One year. Visitations º e Ao 8 O Wellington Victory . . 2 2 O Confirmation I IO O Coronation O IO 6 Nelson . O IO 6 Crispin . . . . . O IO 6 Gunpowder Plot, 2Is.; Ale, 5s. . I 6 O Old year º e o & o 8 O Thanksgiving e º e I I O King Charles, Martyr o Io 6 Good news . . . e 2 O O Do. tº G & e O IO 6 Do. ë º º I O O King Charles rest" O IO 6 Geo. III. e e O IO 6 Peace e I II 6 *–-d I5 O O Cleaning the Church Yard . . I I3 9 Coals. 2 loads e tº º is o Io o Hymns, &c., 3s. ; Assessment Book and Signing, 9s.. . © O I2 O 2 Men labº 28 days e 3 IO O Mansfield, Bricklayer e * 2 2 - O Morrison attending the Stoves I 4 O Arrears & º e º 4 I& 8 Empty Houses and Excisemen . 3 17 o Why are the Excise excused? Passing the Accounts e & () I O O Paid Saville and Ludlam the former Churchwardens . * & g & 26 I4 3 507 I7 2 Received, viz.: Church Assessment . . . . tº - 279 8 5 Kimberworth Quarter . o º e 67 Io o Dalton 35 © © o 67 Io o Greasbro 2 3 e e º º - 37 IO O Due from Tinsley . tº º 9. - 37 IO O Balance due to the Churchwarden e I8 8 g #507 I7 2 #507 I7 2 MEMORANDUM. Rotherham pays # of the whole sum, or . . . . . . . . . 4-8ths. Greasbro . e e º º e º 49 º I-8th. Kimberworth º º e e e & g º I-8th. Brinsworth * º & e e º e º I-16th. Dalton . º o & º º e e g e I-22nd. Morthen . * º e tº e 69 © & I-22nd. Tinsley . º º º • º e º e te I-16th. Catcliff . ſº © s º e e º º I-22nd. Orgrave. . . . . . . . . . . I-22nd. The lavish expenditure of this year, as hereafter shown, and especially as connected with the visitations, brought the abuses in church management, which had been gradually creeping in, to an end. In this case there was a rivalry at the Doncaster visitation dinner, held at the “Black Boy,” betwixt the church- wardens of Rotherham and those of some other parish, Barnsley it was said, as to which should outvie the other in profuse expenditure, and in costly carouse:—if Rotherham did not win they ought to have done. This was the last year that the Visitation Dinner was enjoyed at Doncaster, and so the grossness of the evil brought it to an end in this shape:— - 292 - - 330th crijam. 1814. Mr. Oldfield, the Crown Inn Visitation Dinner Ringers at the Visitation There was heavy work done this year. The Assessment was . © The Quarter, exclusive of Tinsley Balance due to Churchwardens 1815. Visitations Ringers gº & Am" of Assessment ,, Masbro' Quarter , Greasbro' , , Morthen , . tº te , Balance due to Churchwardens. Tinsley in Arrears say £52 6s. 3d. But there is re-paid to the Bank, money borrowed £58 8s. 6d. At a Vestry Meeting held June 30, 1815, in the Church, Col. Walker in the chair. Resolutions were passed. That a competent person shall be engaged to examine into the state of the Chimes and report, with estimate. Also as to the Clock. That it is desirable the several Quarters shall be Perambulated, to begin with Tinsley. That Sacramental Wine shall be ordered by the Churchwardens collectively. That Workmen shall be paid for repairs in money. That it appears to this Meeting that at the late Visitations great attention was paid by the Churchwardens to the economical Expenditure of the Parish Money. That the Meeting express their approbation of such conduct, and to recommend the adoption of it I69 II 2 2O 2O4. 45 45 4.5 52 II : to the Churchwardens in future, and several other minor matters. An Estimate 1815 to 1816. The Vicar, a Gratuity of The Ringers' Salary * > º e Do. on Memorable Occasions, rejoicings, &c. The Organist's Salary . o * ſº The Bellows Blower “Old Mus” • • The Clock winding up, attending the Chimes, ringing the 12 o'clock, 6 o'clock “Curfew,” &c. Thomas Fletcher cleaning the Clock, repairs, &c. . Bell ropes . º Music Master's Salary for teaching the poor Children : ;4, S. 8 I2 8 3O2 4. I 8 O o 8 39I I7 # S. 6 6 2O O 7 o 3O O I 6 I2 I2 5 5 5 IO 5 5 4. º : : Qſìje (Tijurch in Çarlg (Tim eş. 2.93 Wine for the Sacrament for Rotherham, 5 doz. tº e 3) 55 Tinsley, 2 doz. . º 27 o o 52 35 Greasbro' 2 doz. e Visitation Dinner, including 3 Chaises; Expenses of 3 Parsons, I2 Churchwardens, and 2 Clerks to, at, and from bº 35 O O Perambulation Expenses. e tº o { } & º IO O O Surplices washing * > e 3 3 O Beadle's Clothes and Salary 8 O O Candles tº 7 o o Besoms and Barrows e Ç c Q ſº Ç c I I O For Sundries, comprehending the Bills of Carpenters, Glaziers, Slaters, Whitesmiths, Tinners, Stationers, and all other items tº ſº tº g II 5 I2 O tedious to enumerate and impossible exactly to ascertain, but which on an average for the last 3 years amounted annually to A.300 O O C. SAVILLE, Jose PH LUDLAM, Josep H SMITH, SAM" CLARK. In the following year the estimate is £387 19s., the perambulation expense A. I5, and sundries ſ. 180 12s. 27 June, 1816. At a Meeting held this day, Resolved, that the Churchwardens be authorized to commence a suit against the Township of Tinsley for the recovery of the amount of their Church Assessment, unless the same be discharged by themselves, or their Agents, Messrs. Bownes and Newman, on or before the IIth July next. - That Mr. Oxley, who has conducted the business, be requested to continue to do so, &c. The Case is set forth in the Minute Book in nearly eight folio pages, and may be there consulted. May 23, 1816. The Perambulation of the Tinsley Quarter. May 15, 1817. The Dalton Brook Quarter Perambulated. April 3, 1818. The Morley Pond and Scholes Quarter Perambulated. 3rd April, 1820. Resolved, that the Churchwardens be empowered to take steps, through the medium of Mr. Oxley, to compel payment of Beardsall's Dole, from the Proprietor of the Lands in the Township of Tinsley, charged with the payment of the Dole. This Suit cost the town ſ 117 133. 4d, but from a statement of the case in the minutes, it would seem the Churchwardens did right. The minutes for a number of years following, present little worthy of notice, except the appointment of Churchwardens and the confirming of Estimates. These latter collected together are as follows:— 2.94 - - $ntijerijam. 26 S. d. . 26 S. d. 26 S. d I817 329 I O 1830 402 o o” I840 I74 7 O I818 372 I2 O I83I 269 4 O 1841 188 Io o I8IQ 361 Io II I832 316 g O I842 IQ3 IO 3 I820 439 I3 O 1833 II5 3 I* I843 200 9 8 I821 354 II O I834 II.4 g O I844, 218 I2 5 I822 542 O 6° I835 95 I4 O I845 274 I8 II I823 399 I2 4 I836 I53 2 9 I846 284 II O I827 362 2 7 I837 I56 Ig 6 I847 256 7 O I828 337 5 3 I838 I47 I4 O 1829 286 7 o I839 I55 4 O 1821, October 7th. Notice is given of a meeting to be held to take into consideration the dangerous state of the spire, and the meeting authorise the churchwardens to take the necessary steps for repairing it. 1827, November 13th. The churchwardens agreed to exchange a garden situate in Masbro, in the occupation of Mr. John Roodhouse, for a close of land in Canklow Lane, the property of Mr. Richard Hill. 1833, July 5th. At a meeting held to pass the estimates a poll is demanded. This was the beginning of renewed serious agitation against church rates. It could serve no useful or desirable purpose to revive the remembrance of contentions which troubled the town for several years, and which created amongst friends and neighbours much angry discussion and ill-feeling. To bring this to an end, a placard was issued, 14 October, 1837, of which the following is a copy: “Church Rate. The Churchwardens of the parish of Rotherham being desirous to remove the present inconveniences, have, with the advice and concurrence of Earl Fitzwilliam, the Earl of Effingham, Lord Howard, the Magistrates, and many of the respectable Inhabitants, determined to call a Meeting, to be held in the Westry, on Thursday, the 19th day of October, to consider the propriety of enabling the Church- wardens to discharge the duties the law imposes upon them. The Churchwardens respectfully request the attendance of those who are desirous to promote that peace and good will, enjoined by Divine authority, and which is so essential to the happiness and welfare of all Christian communities.” - - This meeting being found informal, it was moved by Earl Fitzwilliam, and seconded by Lord Howard, that the Churchwardens be requested to call another meeting, to be held in the vestry, on the 27th October, 1837. The meeting was held, the Earl of Effingham in the chair, when the estimate of the churchwardens, amounting to ſI 56 I 3s. 6d., was allowed, and a rate was ordered to be made. - - 1838, Nov. 15. A meeting is held, at which it is ordered that the church- yard be enclosed, and a rate made not exceeding £60 to meet the expenses. At a subsequent meeting this was carried by 53 against 38; and also, subsequently, that the footpath leading from the Town Hall to the High Street should be left open and fenced off from the ground of interment. * New peal of Bells extras. - persistence and bitterness, and every item in which * Balance in hand, 486 I 5s. 3d. there was any question, was withdrawn, the church- ° During this and several following years the con- wardens confining themselves to such claims as they tention respecting Church rates was waged with great were advised could be enforced. Oſije Čijurch in Čarig (Times. 295 1840, July 29. Mr. Charles Danvers Hackett appointed organist. 1842, October 21. Meeting to remove the pulpit by subscription. 1843, April 25. Mr. Sewell appointed organist. - - 1843, May 30. Meeting to consider removing organ galleries, and placing the organ in the north transept. 1850, April 19. Meeting called to consider the refusal of Greasbrough to pay their quota of church rate from 1848-9 and 1849-50; together £52 95. At an adjourned meeting, held 23rd May, 1850, on the understanding that Greasbro' will pay the rate for 1848, the meeting is of opinion that after the district church of Greasbro' has been consecrated for twenty years, they shall not be liable to pay any further church rates to the mother church. - 1850, October Io. In pursuance of “An Act, 14 Vict., to prevent the holding of vestry or other meetings in churches, and for regulating the appoint- ment of vestry clerks,” it is ordered that the said Act shall be applied and put in force in the parish, and that all further meetings shall be held in the Court House. 1853, February 24th. A meeting is held, at which a letter is read over by the chairman from the Rev. John Richardson, vicar of Tinsley, and its spirit and conciliatory tone were approved of; and it was proposed, in effect that the reasons for and against the case of a Church rate from Tinsley should be referred to, and drawn by the Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard to lay before counsel. - 1850, September 26th. The Church rate is resisted and poll demanded, when thirty-four persons voted for the Church rate, and one against. 1853, October 13th. 502 votes for the Church rate, and 1,003 against, leaving a majority of 501 against the rate. Collected by subscription in lieu of rate / I I 3 2s. 2d. I - 1854, August 18th. Agreed that a Committee be formed to collect voluntary subscriptions in the mean time, and if sufficient money is not collected a rate shall be granted to make up the difference. A voluntary rate was adopted and collected for some years, the interior and exterior accounts of Church expenditure being kept separately. º The minutes of the churchwardens afterwards consist of notices for the election of churchwardens, and of the estimates in the prescribed form. The period up to the time of the noble and successful effort for the complete external and internal restoration of the Church was marked by peace, if not prosperity. Meanwhile, an account of the structure of the Church, and of several important matters which took place in connection with it, will have to be given. There may be those who will be disposed to conclude that more than sufficient detail has already occupied these pages, and to non-residents, lacking local attractions, this may be readily granted. The object has been to communicate, as far as possible, a full knowledge of the principal events which have taken place to the end of the first half of the present century, the occasion of them, and their effect upon the condition, progress, and prospects of the place to which they relate. Pains, which may have been superfluous, have been taken to do this, which will not be without imparting satisfaction to some, and not, it is trusted, be too irksome to any. 296 330th crijam. The illustration given below is a view of the Church and of the river Don from the north, by William Cowen; it has been engraved before. The spot from whence the view was taken was then called “Thistle-bed-ford;” this though not euphonious, is very accurate. The place, at the beginning of the present century, was a willow-girded quagmire on the bank of the river, about half-a-mile below the town, on the road to Rawmarsh, called Rawmarsh-lane. No place so near the town more strikingly bears the impress of the improving, nay, transforming hand, of the latter half of the century. It was a low, swampy nook, “and things rank and gross in nature possest it merely.” Through this a foot-road, composed of little else than stepping-stones, ran not far from the fringed river bank; between was a cart-road, often impassable, and which was the direct communication between Rotherham and Rawmarsh, then a village; now the towns, with something like a tenfold increase in population, are connected by excellent roads and a handsome bridge, erected by the Corporation of Rotherham, where aforetime festered this wild wilderness of “Thistle-bed-ford.” It is difficult to risk a conjecture as to the origin of the name and use of the ford. Before the Canal was cut through the adjacent land, and before ironworks invaded the banks of the river, it would be in a direct line from the residence of Jane Bickerton, Duchess of Norfolk, called “The Holmes,” and ancient “Eastwood,” the residence of another of the family, and might afford occasional means of communication. Photo Litho RWhite. Worksop. 330tſ, trijam (Jiyurtſ). & º !. % ſ A&Wºğ NSW. Wººs---a N account of the Church of All Saints at Rotherham appeared in a finely illustrated volume on the “Churches of Yorkshire.” It is a correct and appreciative description of the Church at that period, and as the object of these “Historic Notices” is to derive information from all authentic sources, this account (in comparatively few hands) is freely made use of, and with especial satisfaction, inasmuch as the compiler states that “the author of this description is greatly indebted to a paper on Rotherham Church, read before the Yorkshire Architectural Society by the Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard, Rector of Whiston,” so that it may be looked upon as the indirect contribution of a highly-valued neighbour. - “The church,” it is stated, “is the only object of attraction as you approach the town, but it is of so great beauty that it gives interest even to the murky atmosphere of Rotherham, with the tall black cones of the Masborough forges for a foreground. Truly we may say, ‘How amiable are Thy tabernacles O Lord of hosts '' when they can relieve and adorn such a scene as this. “This gorgeous edifice consists of a nave and nave aisles, with an elegant south porch, north and south transepts, and chancel. The spire rises from a lantern tower, at the intersection of the cross. Rickman" has thus noticed it: “This is one of the finest Perpendicular churches in the north; its execution is very excellent, and the design in every part very rich; it is also in very good preservation; it is a large cross church, with a central tower and spire, these are fully enriched with pannels, canopies, and crockets. The whole of the buttresses are panelled, and with crocketted canopy set-offs; almost every door and window is richly canopied, and there is an appropriately enriched south porch. The windows are all good Perpendicular, with the exception of two or three poor º § - A\\}} ÉÉ Fº "“Churches of Yorkshire.” Leeds: Green, 1844. Architecture in England, from the Conquest to the * “An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of Reformation,” by 7%omas A'ickman, F.S.A., 1835. 38 298 330th crijam. (perhaps renewed) ones in the chancel. The interior is very lofty and spacious, the piers and arches with very good mouldings, and the original roof of the nave, a flat wood one, remaining; it is one of the best compositions of the kind, plain, but rich from its good proportion and excellent ornaments. There are some tolerable Perpendicular monuments, and some peculiarly good screen-work. On the whole this church deserves the most attentive examination, both as to its composition and most of its details.” On this more minute examination, which Rickman recommends, we now propose to enter. “The south porch is as exquisite in design and execution as any portion of this beautiful church, and fully prepares one for the splendid interior of the nave. It is furnished with pairs of buttresses, rising above the battlements in crocketted and canopied pinnacles. There is also a very remarkable arrangement in the buttresses, by which they are made to present each of them two faces of decoration instead of one. They leave the porch, of course, as they are in pairs, at right angles; but the outer plane is bevelled off on either side, and each face thus formed is made to receive as much enrichment as would have been given to the single face of an ordinary buttress. The outer doorway is surmounted by an ogeed and crocketted hood, once terminated by a finial, which to correspond with the bold crockets must have been very rich; but it is now displaced by a sun dial! In the head of the ogee is a shield, surmounted by the Blessed Virgin crowned and supported by two angels, and charged with the instruments of the Passion. In the east and west wall are the traces of windows, now, as is almost universally the case in porches, blocked up. They were of two lights, and had ogeed hood-mouldings, which were continued round the whole of the porch. “The stone seats within the porch still remain. The hood-moulding to the interior of the outer door is furnished with corbels representing two bishops' heads. The inner door is within a very richly ogeed and crocketted arch. “The south aisle is pierced with three windows (the porch occupying one bay) of fine proportions: they are of four lights, and are divided once beneath the head, by a transom, embattled above, and trefoiled (the trefoil being very much depressed) below. The greater lights are cinquefoiled in the head; the lesser ones are collected within two subsidiary arches, and a quatrefoil occupies the apex of the window. The hood-mouldings are very richly crocketted, and terminate in an ogee. The corbels are very remarkable, both in subject and execution, and will be found elsewhere described. - “The clerestory of the nave, north and south, is composed of eight windows, of three lights, obtusely pointed, and separated only by the intervening buttresses, into which the weather mouldings die. There is also a moulding running above the windows, interrupted by the buttresses, which are furnished with gurgoils where the moulding thus terminates in them. The pinnacles which arise from the buttresses are all crocketted. This form of clerestory, in which the whole range of windows being so slightly separated has almost the effect of one long window, is peculiar to the architecture of this age, and is one of its greatest beauties. Lightness and richness of effect are combined in it to the utmost. “The transepts do not demand minute description. The great north and south windows are of six lights respectively, of very inferior character to everything hitherto described. The east and west windows are of three lights, and of good proportions. Qſìje (Tijurci, ag a $tructure. 2.99 “There is a richly moulded door in the south-west corner of the south transept, just outside of which stands an old font," of far better workmanship though much dilapidated, than that which still remains in the church. “The chancel is of three bays, with aisles extending to the end of the second bay. The clerestory windows are of late insertion, and of wretched character. The great east window though large and splendid from its size, has little pretensions to elegance of tracery; it is of the most meagre perpendicular, of seven lights, once transomed beneath, and four times in the head; the heads of all the countless lights into which it is thus cut up, being trefoiled.” “There is a small and unmeaning crypt beneath the last bay of the chancel. It seems merely to be a basement story, rendered necessary by the fall of the ground to the east. - “The north aisle is far less elaborate in its decorations than the south aisle. It has four windows, each of four lights, the second from the west being curtailed in its proportions by the door, to which the inequality of the ground renders an ascent of eight steps necessary. The hood mouldings throughout are ogeed and foliated. The corbels are chiefly of grotesque half figures. The battlements are ornamented with shields in quatrefoils, but they are without bearings. The buttresses are of four stages, and like all the rest throughout the church, run up into pinnacles above the battlements. * “The great west front is soon described, though of extreme beauty, and of gorgeous effect. Over a richly panelled doorway (this door is now blocked up) is a splendid window of seven lights, surmounted by a very bold crocketted and ogeed hood-moulding, running up into a gable cross. The aisle windows are of four lights. The buttresses are of four stages, panelled and canopied throughout, with crocketted pinnacles. - “The basement moulding is very bold and good, and is continued throughout the north side of the church. To accommodate the ground this moulding rises abruptly at turning the south-west corner. “The tower is approached by stairs in the north east tower pier. It is best seen from the roof of the nave. Each side is flanked, and divided in the centre, by buttresses, which are richly panelled, and run up through the battlements, and terminate in crocketted pinnacles. Between the buttresses are windows of four lights of the same admirable perpendicular character with those in the nave and nave aisles. The spire is octagonal, crocketted, rising without piercings to the top. It has four pinnacles also crocketted at the base, forming a rich cluster with the pinnacles of the tower. - * “The bells are an admirable peal of ten, lately recast. “The roofs throughout are covered with lead, and are of low pitch. “Entering at the south porch we are at once struck by the bold and lofty proportions of the noble nave, which not even the north and south galleries can wholly deprive of its beauty. The nave is of four bays. The piers are of a very singular section, being, in general contour, of an elongated lozenge shape, the longer section running north and south. Something of the same section appears in Ensham Church, Oxfordshire, but there the longer section is east and west. * There is no doubt but that Archbishop Rotherham description of which will be hereinafter found. was baptized in this font. It is now removed to the * See “A Guide to the Architectural Antiquities of north transept. the Neighbourhood of Oxford, Part II., Deanery of * Now replaced by a fine perpendicular window, a Woodstock.” 3OO - -- - łłotijerijam. The effect is, that in Ensham Church, thickness is gained to the piers by longitudinal extension : in Rotherham lightness is gained by latitudinal compression. In each of course the diameter one way is the same as the thickness of the walls; but in Ensham Church one diameter is greater, in Rotherham Church one diameter is less than the thickness of the walls. Ensham gains in solidity, Rotherham in lightness of effect. “The capitals are of very slight projection, adorned with foliage, in low relief, and masks, with an embattled moulding above. Viewing these capitals alone, they seem poor, and wanting in boldness of relief and proportion; and it has been surmised that they were wrought by some injudicious restorers out of the bolder capitals of Archbishop Rotherham's work: but there is no ground for such a fancy. It is only that the ideal of the piers (i.e., the greatest possible compression and lightness) is carried up through the capitals, and thus viewed, nothing can be more harmonious than the whole design. “The arches are of great height and width. The mouldings of the piers, with the exception of the outer one, which is continued in a straight line through the clerestory, are continued through the arches. The apex also of the arch is continued upwards, so that the mouldings of the piers are not entirely lost, until they merge in the roof. “The nave arch is wide and lofty. Two corbels, one on either side, probably supported the screen. “During some repairs, a large fresco painting was discovered over the nave arch, representing our Blessed Lord, surrounded by the twelve Apostles and other saints, in act of adoration. The painting was much injured in the process of cleansing off the whitewash, but if the drawing which was published at the time was at all a faithful representation, it deserved, and might easily have received sufficient restoration. Other figures, and several scrolls inscribed with texts of scripture, were also found in this part of the church. “The tower piers are of great solidity, and the roof above them is finished with elegant fan tracery. This part of the tower was once a lantern, and the windows still remain, with the original decorated tracery; but the four arms of the church are now more lofty than when the tower was designed, and the windows now look into the church below the roof. “The north and south transepts do not invite attention, but rather from the greater beauty of the nave, than from their own defects. “There are three steps into the chancel across the chancel arch. The windows and clerestory are sufficiently described already. To the north of the east window is one niche, to the south there are two niches, formerly occupied by images of saints. The piscina is a three-cusped recess, from which the basin has been cut away. The sedilia are of three equal seats, the divisions between which are open half way up. There is a hagioscope at the back looking to the south aisle: it is a mere loophole, piercing the wall diagonally. There is a square aumbrie in the north wall. “The piers in the chancel are octagonal, with embattled capitals: the arches are more acutely pointed than those of the nave, and seem to indicate an earlier date, but they are in all respects of less elaborate design and execution. “The chapel of the Virgin Mary on the south side of the chancel must have been most beautiful when in its original state. It was lighted by three windows, probably of fine stained glass. The walls were ornamented with fresco-work, ----- Æ№. *~~~~----------_ ~~~~ RWhite. Litho Hinter ºr Attitut fresco outritual ſoft.*atbribaut Church. (ſhe (thurch as a $tructure. - 3OI and the roof richly coloured with blue and gold. There are still traces remaining of monograms and other ecclesiastical devices in this roof. They are most choice and varied. There is one very curious, the five wounds of our Lord and Saviour, the heart in the centre, surrounded with the two hands and two feet. One with “A.M.,” for Alma Mater, with many others referring to the Blessed Virgin. Many have not been decyphered; in fact, this roof would amply repay some time spent in its study. -- “The chapel of St. Anne in the north chancel aisle is less remarkable; there are, however, some tolerably good open seats in it, with carved ends, ornamented, most of them, with heraldic shields. The following arms occur.—A bend, between three unicorns' heads. The same, impaling a saltire between four leopards' heads. On one is the monogram I.H.S. There are also some open benches with carved ends in the south aisle, and two misereres, no way remarkable, in the chancel. - “There is a good deal of excellent screen-work, formerly, doubtless, the rood-screen, but now well enough applied as parcloses to separate the chancel aisles from the transepts. “There are some brasses in the chancel, and a few monuments in the church which might claim some notice, if more important matters left space for it. . “The whole fabric of the church is generally attributed to Archbishop Rotherham, but this must be by persons who have not carefully examined the details of the several parts, or who have failed to see the indications of an earlier date in some places, and in some of a later date. The orginal Saxon Church has, in all likelihood, utterly perished, nor does there occur at present any well marked trace of a date more ancient than the decorated of the fourteenth century. To this age we must attribute the lower part of the tower, and probably the whole of the chancel and transept arches. The clerestory in each has been added, and windows have been inserted of all dates, from that of Archbishop Rotherham to a very recent and very barbarous age. The nave is the result of one splendid and well directed effort, and in the best style of the best age of perpendicular work, the close of the fifteenth century, before it merged into the more elaborate but less beautiful Tudor. The upper part of the tower which surmounts the old lantern, and the spire, are of the same date, and doubtless form a part of the Archbishop's design. Of insertions the east window is the most important, it is of poor, but not debased perpendicular. r: “The alterations which have lately been effected have been an outward repairing of the walls of the chancel by placing stone in the place of perished stone or “compo” with which the repairs have been formerly made. In the inside, the removing three galleries in the north and south transepts, and in the west end of the chancel: the removal of these has been a vast improvement. In the gallery over the arch, towards the chancel, the organ was recently placed : and when taken down it was a point of great difficulty to decide where it should stand. It is now put up in the north transept, the best and most convenient situation for it. The transepts and the space under the tower are occupied with open benches, of a good ancient pattern, and carved poppy heads; and screens are put up at the west end of the Virgin Mary's Chapel and St. Anne's Chapel, and one across the south transept. The roof of the nave has been cleansed and polished, and the whole of the whitewash, which was on the walls of the church, 3O2 330th crijam. has been scraped off. The pulpit and reading desk have been lowered to a less conspicuous height, and at the same time to one in which their uses will not be interrupted. - - “These repairs have certainly on the whole been judicious, and rather than notice with too critical precision the mistakes that have been made in them, which would be an ungracious task, we will remind those who are interested in this noble fabric that much still remains to be done. The chancel requires altar furniture, in some degree proportioned to the beauty of the church : the old frescoes of the nave should be restored; and for harmony, as well as splendour of effect, the windows should be filled with stained glass: the great west entrance should be thrown open, and the font furnished with a canopy; and the pulpit, desk, and pews should be lowered, and wood substituted for iron in the rails and desks. These changes are not to be looked for as the result of one effort; but the people of Rotherham are rich enough, and we would hope pious enough, to work towards such an end as we have described, and if so they will not be long in reaching it.” With thanks to Mr. Hugall, the able editor of the “Churches of Yorkshire,” and to the Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard, for his share in this accurate description of the church at that period, we may close this account of the church of the first half of the present century. - The latter of these gentlemen has lived to see, and to rejoice in having had a share in the vast and comprehensive result of a grand and well directed effort made in the accomplishment of the improvements recommended. To these the Earl of Effingham, his brother, gave the first external impulse, by costly contributions towards the east window, and afterwards towards the splendid reredos. He was ably supported in the most felicitous manner by the rich altar furniture, produced and presented by the Countess of Effingham. Several important matters before referred to, besides those gathered from the minute books or accounts connected with the church, and which took place in the early part of the present century, have yet to be noticed. Rotherham was at that period a comparatively small place, but when any well substantiated claim arose, to the credit of the town, it was substantially and handsomely responded to. In 1820, in consequence of a fracture of the great bell, a new one, or the larger alternative of a new peal of bells was required. An account has been already given, and will be again referred to, of the many confabulations and compotations which, we will assume, attended the providing and suspending of this same great bell. - - Considering the generations it had strikingly served, the solemn death-knells it had sounded, the weddings it had contributed to make jubilant, and, very especially, the splendid and unparalelled succession of victories won by British arms on sea and land it had celebrated, it must be acknowledged to have done its duty in the fine old tower, for a long and perilous space of time in a most sonorous and satisfactory manner. The misfortune which had befallen it, gives rise to proceedings of which an account follows. (ſiſt Church ağ a $tructure. - - 3O3 Qſb e 25 cłig. “Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego clerum, Defunctos ploro, pestem fugo, festa decoro.” ANCIENT DISTICH. At the early part of the present century Rotherham Church had a very sweet peal of eight bells. The Churchwardens' accounts indicate that in earlier times the ringers were in requisition to celebrate every event which took place of a national or local public character. In 1704 the great bell was fractured and there were numerous charges, in all amounting to £50 12s. I Iłd, for a new great bell. The bell seems to have been a bibulous affair. “Ale when we discoursed about hanging y” bell,” “taking down y” bell,” “when writings was sealed,” “agreeing to carry y” bell,” “at receiving the bell,” “at loading the bell,” “at hanging y” bell,” “first time the great bell was rung”; every meeting and movement seems to have required the assistance of what we will suppose to have been “jolly old ale and good.” We may again fairly suppose this great bell is the same as the one rung in the peal of which the following account is given from the framed records of the bell-chamber. On Feb. 10th, 1752, the following peals was rung at this church in I hour and 30 minutes without a false stroke, viz.:- * - College Trebles, Oxford Trebles, College Pleasure, Crown Bob. Changes in all 2520 by the following Ringers:— - Benj" Stanrod, Chas' Littlewood. ' Tho' Bradley. Geo. Firth. John Pashley. Charles England. This appears to have been a six bell peal. On Nov. 5, 1812, was rung at this Church, by the Rotherham Society of Change Ringers, a complete Peal of Union Bob, containing 5120 changes in 3 hours and 22 minutes, by the following Ringers:— Jai Heathcote e tº º e º e Treble. Tho" Gillett . º º * * * º 2nd Tho' Arundel º e º tº e * 3” W" Jessop -> ºt - º º º 4th Josp" Wildsmith . e & tº © tº ;” John Jessop . e tº º * º 6th W* Heathcote . . e & º 7th W* Ashley t e 8th Conducted by Ja” Heathcote. Weight of Tenor, 24. Cwt. On Shrove Tuesday, 1817, a complete peal of Grandsire Trebles was rung in three hours and twenty minutes by the same set of ringers, except that James Taylor succeeded Wm. Ashley at the tenor bell. 3o4 330th crijam. ROTHERHAM, Aug. 31, 182O. At an adjourned meeting of the inhabitants of Rotherham, held at the house of Mr. John Jessop, to take into consideration the state of the Church Bells; and to devise the best means of either replacing a part, or of procuring an entire new peal for the use of the Church. Present, The Churchwardens, The Greave of the Feoffees, Mr. Thomas Downes, William Bayliffe, Samuel Clark, James Wilkinson. .' - MR. SAMUEL CLARK, IN THE CHAIR. IT WAS UN ANIMOUSLY RESOLVED– THAT from the Fracture of the Great Bell, and the worn-out State of the others, a New Peal is not only desirable, but absolutely indispensable for the Church. That as the Expence of Putting Up one Bell, has been ascertained to be nearly tantamount to the Charge of Hanging a whole New Peal, the Meeting on that account, and in order to ensure complete musical Concord in Sound, beg leave to recommend to the Parishioners, the purchase of an entire new Peal of Bells. That as the Meeting, in times like the present, would not willingly make either an extravagant or an unauthorised Appeal to the Public Purse; they mean to limit themselves, in the intended new Peal, to the same number as at present of Eight Bells. That since the Churchwardens have appropriated £100. from the Parochial Funds, for the purpose of procuring a new Bell, the Remainder of the Expence shall be defrayed by Public Subscription among the Parishioners, or by Donations from Gentlemen having property in the Aa2-2s/. - That the VICAR, the CHURCHWARDENS, the GREAVE of the FEOFFEES, Messrs. TURNER, ROBINSON, WILKINSON, BADGER, OXLEY, HARVEY, ROODHOUSE, BAGSHAW, CRAWSHAW, BAYLIFFE, DOWNES, OLDFIELD, and the CHAIRMAN, be appointed a Committee, to solicit and obtain such Subscription. That Messrs. WALKERS, EYRE, and Co. be solicited to accept the situation of Treasurers to the Committee. That all Monies received on account of the Subscription, be paid into the Treasurers' hands; and that no Appropriation thereof shall take place, unless by a general Meeting of the Subscribers, or by a Committee specially appointed by them, with powers for that purpose. That though the Expence of procuring a New Peal of Bells, or rather, the Consideration to be made for exchanging the Old Metal for New Bells, cannot be exactly ascertained ; yet, in order to guard against any improvident Expenditure, and to prevent all premature Contracts from being made, it is determined that no Order shall be given, nor any Money advanced, till such Time as the Subscribers have accurately and satisfactorily ascertained, how far the Means are commensurate to the End. - - That as some Criterion for the Subscribers, it is presumed, from an Estimate laid before this Meeting—That the Expence of Eight New Bells and Hanging will not exceed £500. And lastly, That the Committee now appointed do meet on Wednesday next, the I3th inst., and so often afterwards as their discretion may direct, to carry the intentions of this Meeting into execution. - The following address was issued and shews the Chairman's elegant if somewhat ornate style:— ADDRESS To the Parishioners of Rotherham, on the Propriety of procuring Wew Bells. THOUGH the precise period when Bells were first made use of for calling Christians together for Public Worship be not ascertained, yet, having been once introduced, and their Utility and Advantage generally felt and acknowledged, there is a propriety, if not a necessity, in including their Repairs in the “Annual Estimate of the Churchwardens,” and in contemplating them among “the Faëric of the Church.” But though the Law direct, and Experience approve of, this mode of Christian Assembly, still, the former is silent in some particulars respecting them; and, if we consult the latter, we find that different Parishes have been governed by different circumstances, and have followed their own opinions and convenience with regard to the AWal/affer of which their Peal should consist. But, independent of Bells in a religious point of view, they are, under other circumstances, beneficial to the Public. At periods of General Rejoicing, and in those of Deep Distress, the Bells communicate the Public Feeling.—When “the Mighty fall, and the Great are laid low;”— when the Country mourns over the departed Monarch, or follows with tears to the tomb the Qſìje (Tijurch as a $tructure. 3O 5 Hero slain, dull is the note, and in inexpressible unison with the soul of the Mourner, is the slow and solemn sound !—When the shouts of Victory, won by the Sons of Freedom, are wafted to our shores, how delightful is it to be roused from our midnight slumbers by the firing of the Cannon, or “the shooting of the Bells /* What British bosom did not exult, and what heart so hard as not to melt with pity, when the Bel/s announced—that Wellington conquered, or that AWelsom fell ! When our Liberties were lost, and the sacred Fire of Freedom was for a time put out, a single Bell—the cursed “Curfew” expressed the will of the Tyrant, and the state of the Slave! But “the Bells”—the Merry Peal, proclaim the Natal Day of a Native Prince to a Free People, and the Epochs of our Freedom, and the glorious Events of our History, are held in Commemoration, and handed down to Posterity by the musical numbers of our Bells / The eyes of every Stranger are charmed by the beauty of our Church ; but we would not stop here, let their ears also be ravished with the music of our Bells / The Parishioners of Rotherham are asked for nothing new.—A respectful appeal is made to their purse to replace and support that which their Ancestors established, to honour that which their Forefathers instituted,—and, to restore that which Time, and Time only, has gradually and imperceptibly brought to decay !—“RESURGANT l’’ S. C. Sept. 7, 182O. At a Meeting of this evening a Committee was appointed, and the Parish divided into Districts, in which proper persons were nominated to solicit Subscriptions—the Committee and the Collectors to meet at the “Crown Inn,” at 7 o'clock, on Wednesday, 27th Inst., to report progress. At this meeting a number of Subscriptions were announced. The energetic means adopted seem to have resulted in the accomplishment of the desired object to a great extent—it would appear that the total cost of the peal of ten bells and hanging was £1,24I 23. 8d. The Church Bell Committee in account with Samuel Clark. S. d. S. d 1821, March 15. To Mr. Mears’ account for a peal of #, Ten Bells, weight I.39 cwt. o qrs. I9 lbs., at I6d. o I,039 2 8 To Ten new Clappers . e º IO O O To New Stock Wheels, Iron Work, Brass rollers, also making and putting up new frames, and hanging the Bells, Complete per Estimate . . I42 O O To Timber for the Frames . e 5O O O Gross Cost e o o e º I,24I 2 8 Deduct Old Bells, weight 96 cwt. I qr. I7 lbs., at I2d. per lb. e e º e 9. e o 539 I? O Nett cost of the Bells º ſº © © tº º 7OI 5 8 For printing per Crookes . e © e e 3 5 O Various Expenses . 8 II 9 Entertainment of various Ringers at opening of Bells A26 5s., deduct subscribed £10 15s. 6d. . º I5 9 6 — 27 6 3 1820. Cr. By Sundry Donations . o . 440 I 6 - tº- Int" at Bank . . º º e 8 I 2 2 A 728 II II I82I. Churchwardens’ Donation . º . IOO O O Do. o º º 46 IO O Old Clappers (Mears). e & º 5 O O I822, June 20. Balance due to S. C. º I28 8 3 - - * ſ'728 II II 39 306 330th crijam. At the passing of the accounts it appears as £150 6s. 9d, with this Memorandum. I822, Feb. 21. At the same time the Estimate of and Contract with Mr. Thomas Mears was examined, and the balance paid to that gentleman admitted to be £138 II.s. 6d. ; and as the idea of further public subscriptions to any useful amount being entirely at an end, it was recommended - That the Churchwardens be respectfully requested to transfer to the Chairman any unappropriated sum in their hands at the end of the current year for the liquidation of this debt; and also That £50 be included in their annual estimate for the two following years for the Same purpose. SAM CLARK, AND" CRAwSHAw, ROB" CLARKE. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERs. S. d. S The Churchwardens from the Parochial Fund Mr. William Haywood. and Estimate e e * IOO Mr. John Beatson . Right Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam e IOO Mr. Richard Hill Right Hon. Lord Howard of Effingham • 2I Mrs. Crookes ſº e Joshua Walker, Esq. and Co. and } Mr. Joseph Ludlam . º Walkers, Eyre, and Stanley 50 Mr. Joseph Wild, Wellington Inn John Fullerton, Esq. 26 Mr. Robert Leesley . tº Miss Walker, Masbro'. Mr. Francis Squire . Mr. Robert Clarke Mr. Thomas Downes Mr. George Harvey Mr. William Beatson Mr. John Fisher Mr. Richard Didsbury Mr. W. Close . tº G. Lempriere, Esq.. Mr. John Adams Mr. John Boomer Mr. Aldred & Mrs. F. and M. Spencer Miss Sophia Walker Mrs. Oxley . Mr. Samuel Clark Mr. John Nightingale Mr. Robert Beatson Mr. Andrew Crawshaw g Mr. John Oxley, Solicitor º ty Mr. Joseph Hatfield Turner, Surgeon Mr. John Fletcher © e Mr. Samuel Kirk . * Mr. Thomas Wright, Masbro'. Mr. Charles Savile . tº Messrs. Smith and Binks Messrs. Broadhurst . Mr. John Cawthorne . tº Mr. Thomas Badger, Solicitor Mr. Thomas Bagshaw . Mr. Charles Nightingale Col. Newton, Barbott Hall Sundries per Mr. Bayliffe . Mr. Robinson, Surgeon Mr. John Lambert . Mr. Thomas Parker Mr. Benjamin Boomer Mr. James Wilkinson, Surgeon Mr. Thomas Hounsfield . e Society of Change Ringers, Rotherham Mr. Thomas Hattersley Mr. W. R. Bayliffe Mr. James Woodhead Mr. George Woodcock Mr. Samuel Kirk, jun. Mr. Samuel Steel g e Mr Thomas Wheatley, Masbro' Mr. Thomas Smith, True Brito Mr. Henry Brunt e Mr. Thomas Badger Mr. Thomas Smith, Swan Inn Mr. Edward Pagdin Mr. William Hudson Miss Wilson Mr. Edward Clayton A Friend . e Mr. Thomas Gillott . * ſº Mr. Thomas Smith, Hope and Anchor Mr. William Earnshaw e e Mr. John Roodhouse Mr. Samuel Oldfield Mr. John Marsden . Mr. John Didsbury Mr. John Turner Mr. Samuel Ellis Mr. John De Camps Mr. John Swift. * Mr. Richard Woodhead Mr. Calton ge te Mr. Norman tº Mr. Whitehead. & ſº Mr. Griffiths, Veterinary Surgeon . Mr. Loxley, Surgeon º Mr. Parkin . º Mr. T. Pratt . tº Mr. Thomas Jackson Mr. John Shearman Mrs. Walker Mrs. Carnelly . wº ge Mr. James Falconar, Solicitor Mrs. Hall, Wheathill Mr. Joseph Woodhead Mr. Joseph Smith Mr. David Coe © Mr. Richard Heward Mr. Francis Parker. Mr. B. Boomer, jun. . Mr. John Bradbury, Brecks Mrs. Joseph Walker Mr. John Guthrie Mr. Woodhead . Mr. Cowen, Artist . Mr. Thomas Law Mr. William Glossop Mr. John Marsh Oſije (Tijurci, a 3 a $tructure. 3O7 S d S Mrs. Kent e Mr. John Crowder . Mr. Joseph Needham . Mr. David Coe • Mr. Charles Whitaker . Mr. John Hudson Miss Jubb e Mr. John Haywood Mr. John Steer . Mr. John Clarke Mr. C. Salt i I Mr. George Harrison Mr, John Earl . e Mr. Thomas Hinchliffe Mr. William Halksworth Mr. Thomas Wigfield Mr. Edward Chrimes Mr. William Jessop Mr. Miles Stray Mr. Thomas Hague Mr. Joseph Fowlstone . Mr. Samuel Hattersley IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO Mr. Cuthbert Brown IO Mrs. Ball Mr. William Harrison IO Mrs. Wilkinson Mr. George Adams IO Mr. W., Heeson Mr. Nathaniel Robinson Mr. Luke Owen Mr. James Turton e Mr. Samuel Hudson Mr. William Booth Mr. William Gray . Miss Townend . Mr. Richard Guest . Mr. John Ratcliffe Mr. William Swan . Mr. Matthew Limb Mr. George Mawe . Mr. Thomas Mawe Mr. Thomas Limb . Mr. M. Nicholson Mr. William Hawk. Mr. William Banks Mr. T. Wightman . Mr. George Brooke Mr. Joseph Crowther Mr. E. Wilkinson Mr. G. Hardy Miss Gartside Mr. Jacob Newton Mr. Richard Lodge Mr. William Hague, jun. Mr. Richard Pearson Mr. Thomas Wooffinden Mr. Henry Bennett Mr. Paul Birks . Mr. William Badger Miss Cawthorne Mr. Robert Hudson Mr. George Steel Mr. John Atkin Mr. John Hague e Mr. Richard Reckless Mr. John Farr . Mr. Jonathan Brown Mr. Charles Simpson . g Mr. Joseph Jones Habershon Mr. Joseph Foster e Mr. Benjamin Moody e º Mr. J. Hattersley tº Rev. B. Birkett Mr. Bagley Mr. J. Parkin IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO IO O Total . 3,513 I2 April 19, 1821. At a Meeting of the Church—Bell Committee, holden at the House of Mr. Thomas Hattersley (the Angel Inn), to take into consideration the most eligible mode of opening the NEW PEAL OF BELLs, and of fixing upon the Rules and Regulations which shall be adopted upon that occasion. Present—Messrs. S. Clark, John Fisher, R. Clark, James Woodhead, Francis Squire, Thomas Bagshaw, Andrew Crawshaw, James Wilkinson, and John Oxley. Resolutions were passed for regulating the proceedings of the opening of the New Peal, which were to be opened by the Rotherham Ringers, at seven o'clock on the morning of Easter Monday next, and cease before the commencement of Divine Service on that day. Twelve Bell Ringers to have the priority and to ballot for entrance to ring first. Ten Bell Ringers the next, and same conditions. Eight Bell Ringers the next, and same conditions. No set of Ringers to ring more than 5,040 changes on the first day without permission. Any set of Ringers getting out before they have rung ten minutes to be allowed one more Start. The Bells not to be rung after nine o'clock in the evening. Mr. Andrew Crawshaw, Mr. Thomas Bagshaw, Mr. Francis Squires, and Mr. Wm. Ashley to be managers on Monday and the following days. Sam : Clark, Chairman, John Fisher, Robt. Clarke, Jas. Woodhead, Francis Squire, Thos. Bagshaw, Andrew Crawshaw, Jas. Wilkinson, Jn” Oxley. - Notwithstanding the economic resolution passed at the meeting, held in 1820, that the new peal should be limited to eight bells, it would seem that public spirit afterwards decided that a peal of ten bells should be provided. 308 : łłotijerijam. Accordingly this was done, and to the great satisfaction, and indeed delight, of the old ringers, it proved to be a maiden peal, it having been, as it appears, cast in perfect tune. It would seem by the record of such matters kept in the bell chamber that, On Feby 19", 1821, was rung at this Church, by the Rotherham Society of Change Ringers, the farewell peal on the old peal of eight Bells, consisting of 5,040 changes of Bob Major, which was rung in three hours and twenty minutes by the following Ringers:— Sam Gillatt, Jas. Heathcote, Wm. Jessop, Thos. Arundel, Thos. Gillatt, John Jessop, Sam' Heathcote, James Taylor, Conducted by James Heathcote. Weight of Tenor 24 cwt. The injury to the tenor bell was from the piece struck by the clapper being knocked out, and for the ringing of the bell, until removed, the clapper had to be shortened. Taylor, who rung this bell some fifty years, states that, together with the treble bell, it was cast by Hilton, at Wath, in 1752. Also that previously the peal had consisted of six, the treble and new tenor weighing 22 cwt., making up an eight-bell peal. He states that the tenor was a very bad bell. It also appears the new peal of ten bells was rung before the formal opening. On Dec. 20, 1821, was rung at this Church, by the Rotherham Society of Change Ringers, the first Peal that was rung on the New Maiden Peal of Ten Bells, 5,040 changes of Grandsire Caters, in three hours and twenty-two minutes by the following Ringers:– Samuel Gillatt © g gº g g & Treble Tho' Gillatt . . . . . . 2nd Jai Heathcote e & e sº e te 3” Andrew Crawshaw . * ſº º e 4” Thomas Arundel . tº ſº tº © te ;” Will" Jessop . • . g & e 6th Sam' Heathcote . te wº e tº & 7th John Jessop . $º e • • * 8th Ja" Taylor . e s tº te ſº ſº 9" Will" Ashley . * * tº Tenor Conducted by James Heathcote. Weight of Tenor 32 cwt. The public opening of the new peal on Easter Monday, and which was continued over Tuesday, was celebrated in a manner equal to so important an occasion. The town during the two days was thronged with visitors from all parts, although very slight mention of it sufficed the Weekly Press at that period. The “Sheffield Iris,” of April 24th, 1821, says, “Yesterday the maiden peal was rung upon the new set of bells at Rotherham Church, an occasion which seemed to attract a great number of visitors.” (ſhe (Tijurci, ag a $tructure. 309 The Rotherham ringers of course opened the peal on the Monday morning, followed by the Chesterfield, Sheffield, Halifax, and Leeds ringers;–on the second day those of Wakefield, Huddersfield, Dewsbury, and Mottram, and the Rotherham ringers then again ascended the steeple, bringing the two days of tintinabulary clatter to an end. It may be fairly assumed that the celebrated founders, as well as the inhabitants of the town, were highly satisfied with the result, and the bells after more than half a century maintain the merited character of being a fine musical peal—the fitting complement to the fine lofty tower of a grand old church. It could hardly be expected that however spiritedly the cost of the new peal of bells might be responded to in Rotherham, it would meet with similar approval in the out townships of the parish, which still contributed to the support of the parish church, without participating equally in its advantages. A difference on this point again arose with Brinsworth, and which only merits mention, as showing how good sense and good feeling averted what had previously grown to a vexatious and expensive contention, and but for this pleasant pacific understanding might have done so again. Rotherham, July 4, 1823. We, Thomas Parker, Robert Marsh, Askham Eyre, and Thomas Houndsfield, of Brinsworth, and Thomas Bagshaw, Andrew Crawshaw, Francis Squires, and Samuel Clark, of Rotherham, taking into our serious consideration the unhappy and unbecoming differences which have lately arisen between the two townships of which we are respectively inhabitants, and without being specially appointed or sacrificing any of the opinions which either party may entertain with regard to the legality or illegality of the demand of the Churchwardens of Rotherham on the township of Brinsworth for the New Peal of Bells for the Parish Church; yet, for the sake of peace and good neighbourhood, and to prevent fruitless and expensive lawsuits, the one party consents to pay without acknowledging the right to demand, and the other agrees to receive without insisting on the power to enforce, that part of the recent Parochial Assessment on Brinsworth for the Bells. And at the same time both parties admit and lament that angry words have passed and improper reflections indulged in against each other which all promise to bury in oblivion, and to unite most cordially and strenuously to prevent in future the extravagance or unnecessary expenditure of the Parish Purse. Signed by the above named. On Friday, July 2nd, 1830, during a violent storm of thunder and lightning the electric fluid struck the spire of the church, displacing some large fragments of stone, about three or four yards from the top, at the same time driving other smaller pieces into the adjoining streets to a great distance. On August 5th a meeting was held when it was proposed that the sum of A 200 be allowed for the reparation of the spire, to enable the churchwardens to carry into effect an agreement made by them on the 26th July, with Messrs. Brown, of Sheffield. Mr. John Lister, then a resident architect, was entrusted with the direction of the work, and in the first instance it was ordered that the weather-vane shall not be re-erected, but a finial, according to a plan designed by Mr. Lister; but this resolution was afterwards rescinded, and the weather-vane restored. - The reparation was happily and completely accomplished without accident. 3 IO - Häntiſtrijam. QThe ºrgan. The introduction of the organ into the church must have been one of the most important events for a long period connected with it, yet it is remarkable that there is not a single mention of it, either as to the holding of meetings for the promotion of such an important object, or in any other way, until it is fully accomplished. The following “Memoranda” is transcribed from a loose sheet of paper not in possession of the churchwardens. Memoranda of the Organ in Rotherham Church. A. S. d. Built by Mr. Snetzler, price of. º . 42O O O Of package boards . o © © 2I O O Carriage of the organ . º º . 31 IO O Organ galleries, erecting . º e I56 I2 2 Organ gallery door, stairs, a stool, ladder, benches, shelves, and cupboard © 2 18 3 Iron work and curtain rods for organ gallery . Io IO O Paid Mr. Bradford for moreen curtains and making . . e e e . 3 5 7 Bags and curtains of Miss Bingley O I4 IO A. S. d. Two sconces and pair of snuffers º O 8 O Sam' Heathcoat, for drawing plans, &c. O IO 6 Treats given to Mr. Snetzler, and to Mr. Lawton, on his election as organist, and paid to the Court of York for the view Faculty . º e © . 3O II 7 #678 o II -- The Organ was built and fixed in 1777, in the eastern arch of the nave, under the lantern tower, facing the west window. Names of Subscribers to the Organ, 1774. # S. d. Thomas, Earl of Effingham . e . 50 O Charles, Marquis of Rockingham . & 50 O W*, Earl of Besborough º o . IO O Savile Finch, Esq., Thriburgh . º 4O O Francis F. Foljambe, Esq. e e . 3O O Walton Osborne, Esq. . o º 2O O W* Fenton, Esq., Carr House. g - 20 O Sam Tooker, Esq. . © e t 2O O Sam Buck, Esq. o & tº . 20 O Mr. John Cutforthay e e º 2O O ,, John Hay, Jun., (Masbro') º . 2 I O ,, John Foljambe, Attorney º º 2O O Mrs. Burton (Bramley Hall) . º . IO IO Mr. John Kay, (Eastwood). e º 2O O The Rev" Wm. Wheatley © e • 20 O Mr. Robert Wilson, Grocer & - IO IO Mr. Jonathan Walker, Sen", (Masbro') . IO IO ,, John Tyas, Grocer . e © 5 5 ,, John Bower, Surgeon e . IO IO , Val. Radley, Currier e IO IO ,, Wm. Martin, Wine Merchant 5 ,, Jacob Boomer, Grocer. ,, John Oxley, Butcher © , Wm Stanley, The Wharf ,, Wm. Booth . o o ,, John Bingley, Mercer . ,, John Turton, Joiner ,, Robº Taylor, Miller ,, John Clarke, Farmer , Robº Hunt, Whitesmith ,, John Mirfin, (Masbro') ,, Thos M. Waterhouse . e ,, Wm. Charlton, (Red Lion). sº ,, John Crawshaw, Junº, (Masbro') ,, Rich" Drabble, (Masbro') . ,, John Drake, Mercer ,, B. Wainwright, Surgeon . Mrs. Ann Hardy, (The Crown) Mr. Wm. Ball, Attorney ,, Isaac Walton, (Ickles). Sam! Hs Harmer, Esq. . º Mr. John Hirst, (The Clough) Mrs. A. Frank . e º Mr. Isaac Milbourne, (The Broom) Misses Bingley, Mercers Mr. Chaº Cundell, Shoemaker ,, John Wright, Painter ,, George Barnby, Tailor º ,, John Scholey, Breeches Maker , Wm. Wadsworth, (The Ship) . ,, John Taylor, (Canklow Mill) I : S e Mr. Wm. Wilson, (The Angel) - e ,, Thos Bradley, (Clerk at the Church) ,, Josiah Beckwith, Attorney & ,, Jaº Wilkinson, Surgeon . , W* Nightingale, Butcher ,, T. Wild, Milliner . & ,, W* Taylor, (Dalton) . º ,, John Walton, (Three Cranes) , Tho" Collet, Joiner . º Widow Broom . & e Mr. Wm. Green e º ,, John Taylor, Butcher e ,, T. Hinchliffe, Saddle-tree Maker ,, Simon Shircliffe . e * ,, John May, (Catcliffe). ,, John Potter, (Treeton) ,, Thos Kesteven, (Catcliffe) Rev. Hamº Turner, (Treeton). º Mr. B. Rotherham, Charity School Master ,, Peter Lely, Mercer º & ,, Win Wild, Pipe Maker Mrs. Scamadine, Butcher Mr. Wm. Kay e ,, John Ashley, Joiner ,, Thos Bagshaw, Butcher ,, Thos Radley, Glazier ,, Thos Radley, Joiner , Towler, (Coal Wharf e ,, Wm. Wilson, Jun., Barber © e ,, Mat. Saunderson, Chemist, (Masbro') ,, John Wild, Barber te e o The Revd Wm Russell . I *- :56I5 2 6 A newly erected Pew in the North Gallery, sold to Mr. Drake, Mercer, and the money applied towards paying for the Organ 5 I6 I Overplus of pew rents º & e 8 II O Burial Fees collected per different Church- wardens . º e º & 8 II O Ditto Mr. Foljambe’s e 2 I3 8 The Package boards sold for . © º 4 7 2 Pew and bench in South Gallery, sold to Mr. Bower . © e & tº 3 IS 6 Burial Fees and pew rent ſº º * O Ig 6 Mr. Platt surveyed the work gratis e O O O The Feoffees gave to balance the account . 28 6 6 ;6678 O II (Iſiſt Church ağ a $tructure. - 3 II The organ was opened on St. Thomas's day, 21st December, 1777, with the hundredth Psalm, at the request of the worthy vicar, the Rev. John Lloyd, and played by Mr. David Lawton, organist. His salary was ſ 20 a year. In 1843 the organ was taken down from the eastern arch of the nave, repaired and considerably enlarged at the cost of upwards of ſ 200, which was subscribed by the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, and refixed on the floor of the north transept (commonly known by the name of “Gill’s, or Gell's Square or Choir”) facing the southern or round-stone door. The organ galleries were taken down also, and the four arches of the nave, supporting the lantern tower, were thrown open. The church also underwent considerable renovation, restoration, and alteration. Monuments were cleaned and restored, plaster and colour wash was removed from the walls, when traces of paintings in fresco were discovered under the plaster, much defaced by time, but they appeared to have illustrated Gospel History. The pulpit was removed from its position against the northern pillar of the western arch of the nave facing westward, and placed about two feet southwards, still facing the west; and the reading desk, which before was under the pulpit, was fixed against the south pillar of the said western arch, facing the west, opposite to the pulpit, the middle aisle separating them; the clerk's reading desk being fixed under the pulpit. The church and organ were re-opened the 17th October, 1843, when a sermon was preached from the text, “We will not forsake the house of our God” (Nehemiah x., 39), by the Rev. Hugh Stowell, from Manchester; also a sermon in the evening by the Rev. Thomas Hill, from Chesterfield, when upwards of £70 was collected. The following description of the organ, and account of the organists, is one given by Mr. John Sewell, Mus. Doc., Oxon, at that time organist. PARISH CHURCH ORGAN, ROTHERHAM, BUILT BY SNETZLER* IN 1777. The following is a list of the Stops:– Great Organ, Io stops. I. Open Diapason 6. Fifteenth 2. Open Diapason 7. Sesquialtra 3. Stopped Diapason 8. Tierce 4. Principal - 9. Cornet 5. Twelfth Io. Trumpet Choir Organ, 5 stops. II. Dulciana I4. Flute 12. Stopped Diapason 15. Bassoon 13. Principal * One of the few organs built by Snetzler is at Halifax. Dr. Miller in his “History of Doncaster,” relates a characteristic anecdote of Snetzler worth repeating, especially as he was present at the time. “The organ,” he says, “at Halifax was opened with an oratorio by the late well-known Joah Bates. Mr. Herschel and six others were candidates for the organist's place. They drew lots how they were to perform in rotation. My friend Herschel drew the third lot, the second performer was Mr. Wainwright, afterwards Dr. Wainwright, of Manchester, whose finger was so rapid, that old Snetzler, the organ- builder, ran about the church exclaiming, ‘te tevel, te tevel, he run over te key like one cat, he vil not give my piphes room for to shpeak.” During Mr. Wainwright's perform- ance I was standing in the middle aisle with Herschel. What chance have you, said I, to follow this man 2 He replied, ‘I don’t know, I am sure fingers will not do.' On which he ascended the organ loft, and produced from the organ so uncommon a fullness, such a volume of slow solemn harmony, that I could by no means account for the effect. After this short extempore effusion, he finished with the old hundredth psalm tune, which he played better than his opponent, “Aye, aye,’ cried old Snetzler, “tish is very goot, very goot indeet, I vil luf tish man, for he gives my piphes room for to shpeak.” Having afterwards asked Mr. Herschel by what means in the beginning of his performance he produced so uncommon an effect 2 He replied, ‘I told you fingers would not do,” and producing two pieces of lead from his waistcoat pocket, ‘one of these,” said he, “I placed on the lowest key of the organ, and the other upon the octave above; thus, by accommodating the harmony, I produced the effect of four hands instead of two.’”—“History and Antiquities of Doncaster,” by Edward Miller, Mus. D., Doncaster, Sheardown. - 3 I 2 38 otherham. Swell, 6 stops. 16. Open Diapason - 19. Cornet 17. Stopped Diapason 20. Trumpet 18. Principal 21. Hautboy Pedal Organ, I stop. C.C.C. To Tenor D. 16 Feet open Accessory Stops, Movements, &c. 1. Coupler Swell to Great 3. Coupler Choir to Pedals 2. , Great to Pedals 4. ,, Choir to Great Compass. Great, C.C. to E. in alt. Swell, Fiddle G. to E. in alt. Choir, C.C. to E. in alt. P.S.–I may say that the Stopped Diapason in the Choir Organ and also the Flute Stop are allowed by some of the most eminent judges now living to be equal if not Superior to anything they have ever heard. The Pedal Pipes which were added with the Dulciana Stop about 26 years ago, by Gray and Davidson, of London, are very fine. I might also add that the late Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Longley, and Archbishop Musgrove, of York, both considered the Parish Church Organ at Rotherham, one of the finest toned instruments in the diocese. - The Organ was originally a G. Organ, Short Octave, but when the Pedal Pipes were added, the bottom note was taken away and it was then made a C Organ. Mr. David Laughton was elected organist in 1777, when the organ was erected, and I find he held the appointment until 1792, when he resigned, and Mr. Richard Sampson, of Pontefract, was elected, who held the situation for three years, and was succeeded by Mr. Samuel Ellis in 1795, who held the position for more than 40 years. I remember him well; he was a quiet, unobtrusive man, but a sound musician. He gave lessons in most of the surrounding aristocratic families. He was a native of Halifax (as was also Mr. Bottomley, who was organist of the Parish Church, Sheffield, many years). Mr. Ellis was born in 1776, and Mr. Bottomley in 1786. Mr. Ellis was a fine performer on the flute, having been a pupil of Nicholson and studied composition with Dr. Cooke, organist of Westminster Abbey. Mr. Charles Hackett was elected in 1840, and held the position about three years, when I became organist in 1843, and still hold the situation. Dr. Sewell having resigned the appointment Mr. Butcher succeeded to it 31st October, 1873. A new pedal board was added by Mr. W. Richardson, of Rotherham, the old pedals being worn out. Mr. Butcher states that at the closing of the church for restoration the organ was taken down by Mr. W. Richardson, and stowed away until after the restoration, when it was again re-erected in the chancel by Messrs. Brindley & Foster, of Sheffield, who took out the old bassoon stop in choir organ (which was useless) and placed a Como di Bassetto in its place. They also tuned the organ on the equal tempera- ment, the instrument having previously been tuned between the equal and unequal temperaments. The diapasons and flue work still remain good, the reeds and compound stops, from age, will not stand in tune. The action of the organ is now almost worn out. - The organ was re-opened on St. Thomas day, 1877, just 1oo years after being opened in 1777. g (ſhe (Tijurch ag a $tructure. 3I 3 (Ujttrri, Häräturatiſtt. —º- —sº- The complete restoration of the church, as far as practicable, by the removal of the remaining galleries, and the clearing away of the whole of the sittings and fittings, and by the re-pewing and repairing of the entire of the church, was now to be effected. This had for many years, and very frequently, been agitated, and, not by Church people only, but by the town's people; for all were proud of their parish church, and were prepared to aid in the entire restoration of its pristine appearance, and the entire renovation of any dilapidated portion of the noble fabric. The opportune acceptance of the living by the Rev. Wm. Newton, the present vicar, and also of the removal, by the Earl of Effingham, of the insufficient east window, and the insertion by him of the one which will hereafter be described, once more roused the attention of the town to the consideration of this important and necessarily expensive project, and this time not in vain. By nothing but a divinely inspired impulse could a whole community have been influenced to respond as with one heart and one mind in the munificent carrying out of the magnificent design. - The first public meeting, in furtherance of this object, was convened for the 2nd July, 1873, at which it was announced that a report and estimate, prepared by Sir Gilbert Scott, would be laid before the meeting. . On the day appointed a large and influential meeting, presided over by the vicar, the Rev. Wm. Newton, was held in the Lecture Hall of the Mechanics' Institute, when Sir Gilbert Scott's excellent and exhaustive report was read and unanimously adopted, being moved by George Wilton Chambers, Esq., and seconded by the Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard. . The mayor, J. M. Habershon, Esq., moved, and Alderman Guest seconded, “That the vicar and churchwardens be requested to apply for such powers as may be necessary to carry the first resolution into effect.” The appointment of a committee, made as representative as possible, was moved by the Rev. E. Fox; and the appointment also of Mr. Gibbs as honorary treasurer, and of Mr. T. W. Badger as secretary, were moved by Mr. Barras, and seconded by Mr. Corbitt. The secretary announced a subscription to the amount of ſ 2,400. And so at last this long talked of and earnestly desired project for the complete restoration and reparation of the fine old church, was fairly launched under auspices which promised complete success. The names of the persons who constituted a committee, which undertook and accomplished this anxious and arduous effort, may be well recorded. They were the vicar and clergymen of the town, the Earl of Effingham, Lord Howard, the Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard, and Messrs. Amos Acaster, Joseph Badger, John Barras, John Chester, George Wilton Chambers, John Fawcett, Henry Frost, John Guest, Wm. Owen (Greave of the Feoffees), George Haywood, John Haywood, Hugh Hoyland, Henry Hart, Henry J. Wright, Abraham Kimber, John Newton Mappin, John Wright Potter, Edward Robinson, John Spriggs, George Wright, James Yates, and Wm. Corbitt. - The undertaking was undoubtedly a formidable one, both as to the great amount of work required to be executed, the character of the work not being of the ordinary kind, and also as to the serious cost involved in the removal of so 4O 3I4. 33 otherham. vast a mass of old material, and in replacing it by skilful workmanship in a new and attractive form. Hardly could the most earnest and sanguine advocate of the measure anticipate that these formidable obstacles could be removed, and a completely successful issue crown the effort in the comparatively brief space of time which intervened, between the closing and re-opening of the church. A few extracts from Sir Gilbert Scott's report may properly precede the specific detail contained in the Faculty, under the authority of which the work was done. May 6th, 1873. “Having made a survey of your parish church with reference to its internal repairs and re-fitting, I beg to report the result. The interior is very fine and well deserves a careful restoration. It is at present much disfigured by galleries and pews of an unsuitable character, excepting only the chancel and its aisles, the former of which retains its ancient stalls, and the latter its old seating. The objects to be considered are how to bring the whole to a consistent character, agreeing with the noble architecture of the church, and affording to the parishioners the largest amount of suitable and convenient accommodation. No one can doubt the desirableness of doing away with the galleries and of re-fitting the church in a manner suitable to its architecture and general character. If so treated it would rank amongst the noblest of our parish churches. Its character is that of the latter part of the fifteenth century, at which time the church seems to have been rebuilt on a new and very fine design. The chancel seems to have been constructed a little earlier, and though large in dimensions as befitted a collegiate church, its architectural character was not so grand as that adopted when the remainder of the church was rebuilt, it had, as we still observe, a high pitched roof; but the walls were so low that the ridge of the roof was less in height than that of the low pitched roof which crowns the clerestory subsequently added to it. * * * * The roofs are throughout ancient and of good design.” Reference to the organ—which has been disposed of in accordance with the views given in the report—the east window and the entrances is then made; of the west door he said, ‘I confess I should like to see this ancient entrance opened again as one of the old features of the church.” “The remainder of the work of re-fitting is to arrange the nave, the aisles, and the transepts with good oak seating of a proper character, and to restore the old stalls in the chancel with the old seats as far as possible. “The pulpit is a very fine work of Jacobean date, and must be repaired with care. “The works (beyond those already named) which are necessary or desirable are, I, the cleansing from whitewash the whole of the internal stone work, repairing such parts as require it. This must be effected without any disturbance of the ancient surfaces. 2. The repair of the roof and their lead covering and boarding, the whole of the timbers carefully cleaned. 3. The hot-water pipes, which now run above the floor, should be made to run in trenches beneath it, and the apparatus improved where requisite. 4. The pavements and floor should be renewed or relaid, as the case may be, but retaining in their places all monumental stones. Much of the glazing requires reparation. The same general repairs apply to the chancel as well as the nave, and special care should be taken in the protection of monuments. The pavement of the chancel should be of encaustic tiles.” The churchwardens, as authorized by the public meeting, forthwith applied for “such powers as were necessary,” and in due time were invested with them by the following Faculty. (The (thurch as a $tructure. 3I 5 Faculty. GRANVILLE HARcourT VERNoN Master of Arts General and Official Principal of the Most Reverend Father in God William by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of York Primate of England and Metropolitan lawfully authorized charge you jointly and severally that you or one of you do peremptorily cite All and singular the Parishioners and Inhabitants of the Parish of Rotherham in the County and Diocese of York and all others in general who have or pretend to have any right title or interest in or unto the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid to appear before us as our lawful representative in the Consistory place within the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St. Peter of York on Friday the first day of August next between the hours of eight and twelve in the forenoon of the same day to show reasonable and lawful cause if they have any or know any why a Licence or Faculty to clear away the whole of the present seatings and fitting in the Parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid and the whole of the three galleries in the Nave and Aisles of the said Church also carefully to restore the old fittings in the Chancel and Aisles of the said Church and re-arrange them in their old positions also to restore and retain the two Screens in the Western Arches of the Chancel Aisles if not in their present position in some other of the Chancel Aisles also to take up and remove the present pavements heating apparatus pipes and gratings in the said Church a careful plan of such Pavements having been first made and to square and re-lay the whole of the inscribed slabs in their old positions on a properly prepared bed of concrete the deficiency being made up with Yorkshire stone or plain red and black Staffordshire tile paving also to place new floors under the seats of the said Church on fir joists and oak sleepers with oak curbs round the extreme edges of the several floors also to provide proper sleeper walls of brick or stone to carry the said floors and to maintain through ventilation and communication with the outer air under the said floors also to cover the whole area of the ground under the said floors with a layer of concrete four inches thick also to re-arrange the heating apparatus and pipes in the best manner the pipes being in most cases laid in proper channels below the surface of the ground also to re-seat the nave aisles and transepts so far as shewn on the plan marked A hereunto annexed with new oak seats of appropriate design and to re-seat the remaining space with chairs also to re-seat the Chancel and Chancel aisles with old seats and fittings as far as available the deficiency being made good with new also to place the Organ at present in the said Church either in the North Chancel Arcade or against the North Wall of the Aisle as shewn on the plan marked A and hereunto annexed as may be deemed expedient also to make a new doorway on the north side of the said church and to place it in either of the positions shewn on plan marked A and hereunto annexed as may be deemed expedient also to carefully protect and clean the mural monuments in the said Church also to clean the interior surfaces of the walls and to strip off the plastering therefrom the facing to be made good and pointed also to clean restore and point the whole of the interior faces of the stone work in the Arcade Piers and Arches Sill Jambs Arches and tracery of the windows and all other stone work visible in the interior of the said Church also to restore the Clerestory of the Chancel and the tracery of the windows in the South Chancel Aisle of the said Church also to take measures to prevent the further decay of the Spire of the said Church also to free the whole of the interior surface of the roofs of the said Church from the dark stain at present upon them and to have all the defective timbers and bordering therein made good with new material also to place boarding under the timbers of the roof of the south transept of the said Church formed into panels and moulded ribs also to restore the missing corbels to the aisle roofs of the 316 33 otherham. said Church also carefully to examine the lead work of the roofs of the said Church and to make good such of it as is necessary taking up such as is defective and restoring it with new and to examine and make perfect if deficient all gutters and flushings on the said roof also to take out all the defective plain glass in the said church and to replace the same with new the stained glass being protected during the progress of the work also to carefully examine and repair where necessary the outlets and pipes for rain water and the drains carrying off the said drain water also to repair and make good all the external walls of the said Church (except the tower and Spire walls) and to point them where defective to point the steps to the north and west doors of the said Church and make the foundation thereto good also to remove the ground outside the said Church to a distance of five feet from the face of the walls of the said Church and to lower the same to a depth of six inches below the floor of the nave of the said Church taking care that if in the course of such lowering or levelling of the said Church or of any levelling of the interior of the said Church it be necessary to disturb human remains that the same be carefully and reverently removed under the direction of the Vicar of the said Parish Church of Rotherham and re-interred with new shells or other requisites also to re-open the west door of the said Church altering the position of the North Chapel door making an underground passage also to to renew the South Chapel windows also generally to perform and expedite all such other works as are reasonably necessary to be done in carrying out the plan marked A hereunto annexed also to take down the boundary walls on the north and west sides of the Church- yard of the parish Church of Rotherham aforesaid in sections of not greater than six feet in length and rebuild the same also to take up the drain pipes at present in the said Churchyard and to provide and fix new drain pipe in the position shewn on plan No. 1 and hereunto annexed and after laying the said new drain pipes to level the whole of the Churchyard care being taken to replace the Tombstones therein in their present positions also to take up the present footpaths in the said Churchyard dotted in blue upon plans marked 1 2 hereunto annexed and to re-flag the same also to provide access to the Belfry of the said Parish Church by making an underground passage thereto also generally to do perform and expedite all such works as may be deemed reasonably necessary to carry out the plans marked Nos. I and 2 hereunto annexed for repairing altering and restoring the said Churchyard and which said plans are marked A and Nos. I and 2 have been duly approved by His Grace the Lord Archbishop of York should not be committed and granted to the Reverend William Newton Clerk the Vicar and John Haywood John Barras Henry John Knight and John Fawcett the Churchwardens of the said Church (with power to the said Reverend William Newton Clerk the Vicar and John Haywood John Barras Henry John Knight and John Fawcett the Churchwardens of the said Parish to make use of or part with the old Materials as may be deemed expedient) And further at the promotion of the said Reverend William Newton Clerk and John Haywood John Barras Henry John Knight and John Fawcett to receive what the law shall require in this behalf and what you or any of you shall do in the premises you shall duly certify us or our lawful representative at the time and place aforesaid together with these presents. - Given at York under the Seal of our Office this twenty-second day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and Seventy-three. Extracted by George Sutton - Jos. BUCKLE | Deputy Proctor York. H. A. HuDson | Registrars. f (IUTCſº 2-ſ’ & rº, tarTNA Aerº :(5 touttſ, Pſall ºf Rotherhaul ~$ §. ）) Q s \！ |-£ ©•į į orvºſiIË E§ * -.~2 '~~'|---- ſå EČOĶ D-FºO [I]Ț§O -º.# º § ¶€) ©2 %， -L,Q) → . ſé ºffśØ' ŽZ · »s Ř Š S, %Ø%L，ź.|-2.'ÈS § § （º → ·-*<.eº r）)**®(/) ſāT2 r）)！ 3 +¿· Cr?24(b?* ČAO£-|čſ.-！ *****¿ Þá·‘,|-|-Èſ！; H<\ \!-（4 |ſºſ+-->ţ----+ ©};(b„€. [1]ſzºſ,|+--> 4 ：# Çi Z©_D£ ſ）ſì， -ÞĚç)|---->> •#-#�---> C/YÞáſ--º-~~ o ſºs:•~{f.5 § 7 *§ 5Kſi-a ~（5O · №*Q !） ā ă,*G) ğ | 4ſiſ. .9)ſ！!\！ ~ ~C„Š I №.}} \）'*Š SĘ, ，Ù) S2 -. - sº . ~~ * ~~~~ - - - - - - - - - - window retains its old finial. The north transept west window, which is of very good design, has for its label terminal a man, perhaps a beggar, with an alms bag in his hands; opposite is a woman, but what she is doing cannot be explained; she looks as if her hands were inserted in a muff, or playing cymbals, or, if the hands are broken off, she might be in the attitude of prayer. This window has also a good finial. The north window has heads to stop the labels, between which there is a moulding inserted somewhat in the form of a crown. The roof of this transept has very massive beams, ornamented by large bosses, the rose being the most prominent. This roof is so very different from that of the nave that it seems almost impossible it could have been built at the same time, but yet the roof that existed when the lantern windows were inserted, not long before, was high pitched, so that it must necessarily have been put up about that date; the south transept roof, which is modern, and constructed of fir, has lately been cased with oak, and the end against the tower lowered to admit light to the lantern. - The ties or principal beams of the roof, both to these and to the nave, and which run from wall to wall, require trees of large dimensions to get the size at the small end, as oaks taper so rapidly. Some of these ties were at least as much as five feet diameter. One small piece examined was twelve and three-quarter inches, it must have taken two hundred and forty years to grow to this size; so that many of these trees, no doubt, were as much as five hundred years old when cut. A screen formerly divided off part of the north transept, and ladders and fire engines belonging to the town, and much lumber, were deposited there. The contractors’ superintendent of masons, Mr. Scott, stated that under the large window of the north transept, were some steps which seemed as if they had descended into a vault. There were also stones which looked similar to a curb with holes in them, which might have had iron standards. Some antiquarians think that the tomb of Henry Carnebull was here, over which was the altar at which masses were said for the repose of the soul of the celebrated Archbishop Rotherham. Unfortunately, attention was not called to it until some weeks after the floor was relaid, and a careful examination of indications so interesting prevented. - - It is curious to observe that the courses of stones in the south aisle are not laid level, but fall with the ground towards the east; this caused some odd complications where the buttresses occur, and was not managed very satisfactorily. The windows were inserted at the time of the enlargement of the tower arches, and the same mason's marks appear on them. At the south-east angle adjoining the buttress may be seen a part of the earlier string course level with the roof, and against the transept wall likewise, the line of the earlier pitched roof. One of the outlets from the gutter is formed of a stone carved as a mason, his right hand holding a mallet in the act of striking a blow; his hair is arranged in long waved locks, the lower ends tucked under in the style of the kings' heads on coins of the first three Edwards, Some people think that monks had a hand in building the old churches, but observation gives no support to that opinion. This figure is certainly not that of a monk; the hair is that of a layman. The crosses on the gables of these chapels have foliated ends, and are rather interesting examples. - On the south side of the chancel the old Norman roll moulding with its chamfered plinth below may still be seen, but a course of plain ashlar has been Oſije (Tijurch as a $tructure. 321 inserted between them, which is not the case against the tower and other places, where it had not been interfered with ; so this portion appears to have been refixed, and may be attributed to the time when the chancel was lengthened. The reason for thinking that the chancel has been lengthened is, that the wall inside has a line just to the east of the arches, the walling to the west of this line being composed of small irregular and very old stones; whereas to the east of the line the walling is laid in regular courses of dressed stones, some of which are remains of earlier work re-faced. The portion of the buttresses which strengthened the walls also agree with the shorter chancel. The east end of the chancel is particularly interesting. Its bold decorated buttresses and its perpendicular pinnacles were not removed when the walls were raised, but were built into them. This is the only instance of the kind before noticed. On each side of the fine new window may be seen fragments of the gable weathering, shewing that the line of roof corresponded with that seen inside against the tower; at the sides may be observed the old eaves course. The part above, including the clerestory windows, is very late work, by some styled the “Debased Gothic.” It is certainly not very ornamental, but it must be remembered that these windows were designed entirely with a view to the effect of the stained glass with which they were invariably filled. The want of stained glass here is very much felt; the effect of the beautiful east window being entirely lost, and its transparency destroyed, by the mass of internal light from these windows. They seem originally to have had subjects, or more probably single figures, surrounded by a border, and filled in between with diamond quarries, having patterns or mottoes drawn on them. One such quarry was found during the late restoration in one of the north windows, and is preserved. - - A curious little niche in the gable over the window, originally contained a figure, probably of the founder or patron saint, as was the case at York Minster, and many other places; Saint Michael was generally chosen in churches dedicated to All Saints. Under the centre of the east window, but with splayed wrought jambs, was formerly a doorway, not to be seen from the outside, the head coming just above the present floor inside. The vestry is a very late addition to the church, and was erected at the time of the raising of the chancel roof. It appears never to have had an entrance from the outside, and only one inside, within the altar rails. This is an unusual occurrence, and being very inconvenient, it is now altered. The north chapel is a very elegant little addition, quite different in style from any other part of the church: the windows are designed with very flat heads. The east window has seven lights and is a very fine work. The two smaller north windows are very fair specimens. The roof is supported by strong beams, under which are some good heads, carved as wooden corbels: a king, a bishop, a knight, a lady, and another are represented. While the paving was being altered, part of a mullion of a fine window of the date of the north aisle of the nave was found, used as a foundation stone for one of the buttresses. It does not appear that there was any door originally to the north chapel from the outside. The South chapel was most probably dedicated to our Saviour: the emblems of His Passion—the hands and feet, shewing the wounds, with the heart above— are carved on the eastern beam of the roof. The tomb under the east window is 4 I 322 330th crijam. said to have been brought from the north transept; if so, what has become of the altar before which Henry Carnebull, Archbishop Rotherham's executor, desired to be interred beneath a marble slab; The north wall of the transept would be a most unlikely place for an altar. Most probably it had been removed from its ancient site, and afterwards brought back again. Before entering the chancel the beautiful screens, which separate the transepts from the chapels, are well worth careful study. Being older than the alterations to the tower and adjoining arches they do not fit, and are not in their original position. - At the beginning of the present century these screens were placed across, and on the east side of the north transept, and were dishonoured by being used to form a receptacle for all sorts of unsightly lumber and litter. Hunter says, “This once beautiful chapel, in these days of refinement and devotion, is a lumber room and coal cellar.” - - - But as if in yet more mocking contrast of the beautiful and abominable, these screens, serving this ugly purpose, were also at the earlier part of the century, and in the knowledge of the writer, used for the pretty and appropriate one of hanging thereon garlands and white gloves on the burial of young maidens. William Howitt, in describing this beautiful and touching custom, as in use at his native village, says, “The garlands were originally of actual flowers, lilies, and roses, and the gloves white kid. For these had been substituted white paper. There was a garland, then, of imitative roses and lilies wreathed round a bow of peeled willow, a pair of gloves cut in paper, and a white handkerchief of the same material, on which were written texts of Scripture, verses, &c., these were laid on the coffin.” Anna Seward has feelingly sung, Now the low beams with paper garlands hung, In memory of some village youth or maid, Draw the soft tear, from thrill'd remembrance sprung; How oft my childhood marked that tribute paid The gloves suspended by the garland's side, White as its snowy flow’rs with ribands tied. But the garlands and white gloves which had in their day beautifully decorated the fine old screens on which they hung, had gone into deeper mourning, discoloured with damp and dust. The tracery heads to the panels are exquisitely designed. The canopies above are spread out in beautiful fans, the whole being surmounted by a rich cornice ornamented by a carved running pattern of vine leaves and grapes. The whole of the screen was enriched by colouring, and must have had a most charming effect. On entering the chancel from the tower, the east window and roof, being the only coloured portions, are the most conspicuous. The old east window was retained when the chancel was heightened, and was therefore too small for the gable. The present beautiful window is a very carefully studied work, both in its stone-work and glass. It is the gift of the lay rector, the Earl of Effingham. For the raising of the chancel roof and that of the south chapel, we are no doubt indebted to the liberality of Thomas of Rotherham, since we find his monogram, and those of Henry Carnebull, the executor of his will, and of Thomas Bilton, the last Abbot of Rufford, besides various emblems cut on the sides of the beams which span the roof. The bosses at the intersections of the ribs have emblems of the Evangelists and of the Passion, initial letters, and carved leaves. The decorations have brought out the details of this roof which were lost in distance and shade. (Iſiſt (thurch ağ a $tructure. 323 The seating is curious and interesting. It has gone through many adaptations; some parts by their design seem to belong to the same date as the screens, while others are later, and less bold in detail. The terminating heads of the ends are carved to represent the Annunciation, the Nativity, and the Adoration of the Magi. Two of the seats turn up and form standing rests, the brackets of which are carved. - A screen of later perpendicular work, remains of which were found under the seats of the nave, formerly divided the tower from the chancel. A part of one of the uprights, most likely a door-post, was fixed against the right hand stall as you enter the chancel; it was removed when the seats were sent away to be restored. This and remnants of other screens are preserved in the chamber under the communion table. Side screens divided the chapels from the chancel, and had been cut off, very possibly when the galleries and seating were put in, which have been so lately removed. . . The sedilia are about of the same date as the roofs, and were probably put in after the hagioscope behind it, which enabled those in the south chapel to witness the exaltation of the host. There is a piscina for holy water near it, and opposite a recess, which appears to have had a door to contain the eucharistic vessels. On either side of the east window are niches for figures of saints, one of which was beautifully carved and decorated with colour, with groined canopy and rich crocketed head. The east window was originally much out of the centre, and the niche above was also out of centre, but not directly over the window. The chapel on the south side of the chancel has a roof very similar to that last described, though rather more delicate. It has taken the place of a high pitched roof, the line of which may be seen on the outside. The beautifully moulded beam has panelled sides, that against the east wall has the wounded heart, hands, and feet of our Saviour, and probably stood over the altar tomb beneath which Henry Carnebull was buried, and where the masses for the repose of the soul of Thomas Rotherham were to be said. Much has been done to this roof, as it was in a very dilapidated condition. It was highly decorated with colour and gold; the panels were blue. There appeared to be traces of gold stars on them. The bosses were gilded with a ray of leaves around, which gave them the appearance of golden crowns, possibly in reference to the crown of glor promised to the saints. The centre boss has a sun in glory, as the heralds call it, which probably refers to the restoration of the House of York, whose badge it was, as alluded to in the opening of Shakespeare's Richard the Third: “Now is the winter of our discontent - Made glorious summer by this sun of York.” The cognizance of Edward IV. was a sun. He adopted it in memory of the three suns, which are said to have appeared at the battle of Mortimer's Cross, A.D. 1461, in which Edward defeated the Lancastrians. See King Henry VI., Part third, Act ii. sc. I.” This would make the date of the roof towards the close of the fifteenth century. The seats here are composed of parts of the original, with new to make up the series. They are interesting examples of old work. The north chapel has not much to call for attention excepting that it is quite different from all other parts of the building. The roof is plainer than the others, the windows are large and of good design. The old stone with the spear cut on it is in this chapel under the eastern window sill. 324 ! 330th crijam. The vestry was the last addition to the church, and is chiefly interesting from its very substantial roof. - - The old pulpit is in the Renaissance style. It is a very beautiful work, one of the finest. Some persons might think the delicate mouldings too small to be effective, but such is not the case. Nothing is too small or can be too well done, however far from the eye; for though we cannot exactly give the reason for it the senses can appreciate the minutest trifles, The exterior of the north aisle of the nave is well worth careful study; it is much superior to the later works, both in design and execution; the windows are beautifully proportioned; the carving of the crockets and finials very delicate. The bosses or terminals to the window labels refer to scenes connected with religion and everyday life. That nearest to the transept has a swineherd armed with a stick, calling with a whistle to his numerous charge, which are grubbing up their livelihood as depicted on the opposite side of the window. The subject of this pair of bosses reminds us forcibly of the faithful Gurth, the swineherd of Cedric the Saxon, in the neighbouring forest of Rotherwood, as he is presented in “Ivanhoe.” The farthest pair of bosses towards the west, has a cowman blowing a horn, and with a stout club, assembling the herd browsing on the opposite terminal. In the left central pair an angel is leading the souls of the righteous to eternal bliss, while the originator of evil, with a mace in his hand, is defying him; and behind, an imp is hoisting one of the lost up to a gibbet, where another has already been hung. These north windows have ogee headed arches in the transoms, and though the later builders adopted the same mouldings, a different method of drawing out the arches was used—four centres being taken instead of two in striking out the window heads. A close examination of the west windows seems to give evidence that some of the label terminations of the earlier windows were re-used, when the new windows and this end were rebuilt. The church, however, had been previously lengthened, of which the lower portion of the wall affords clear proof. Among the bosses at this end we find a bagpiper and a drummer. These furnish very good examples of ancient carving, as well as do some on the south side. That the crockets are not so delicately formed will be easily detected; profusion of ornament rather than chaste design had already begun to be the distinguishing feature of the work of this period. One of the modern terminals on the south side—that nearest to the west end—has a king, and a bird with its beak close to the king's mouth. This is probably a copy of a similar ancient example. The same subject has been carved before, but without finding out for certain its meaning, but it may represent either St. Edmund or St. Edward. In one of the smaller compartments in the head of the large west window some broken stained glass will be observed, which has been carefully preserved and replaced in consequence of a supposed interest attaching to it. Local tradition relates that Cromwell's soldiers, offended at the small cross there depicted, were at some pains to remove it. A zealous churchman however succeeded in gaining possession of it, and in replacing it in its lofty position during the night. The next day, with increased indignation the obnoxious object was taken down, but only to be replaced during the following night by the same mysterious hand. Superstitious fears now intervened and rescued the unfortunate fragment of glass, which was then allowed to remain without further molestation | We refrain from applying any criticism to this curious tradition. Qſìje (Tijurch as a $tructure. 32.5 The south doorway is an insertion, the work being chiselled by the same hand that worked the arcade and west end. It is an interesting work, and skilfully carried out. The labels are decorated with handsome crockets, surmounted by a rich finial, while the lower terminals have angels bearing the souls of the righteous, above whom are others standing in turrets, sounding the last trumpet of the resurrection. The porch, which encloses this door, is modern. To the interior advantages secured as already described, must be added the important ones of warming and lighting the church. The gas-fittings were produced from special designs, roughly sketched by Sir Gilbert Scott. They are highly artistic and effective in appearance. - - The large corona suspended in the fan-roofed tower of the church is alike beautiful in appearance and admirable in proportion. It consists of two tiers of lights, the larger one being six feet in diameter, the smaller one about two-thirds of that size, the chandelier being ten feet high. In each of the circles are thirty lights of pentagonal form, and having geometrical figures pierced in them. The bottom and top edge are turreted and are both supported by stretchers fixed to the central rod, which is ornamented with scrolls and corbels. At each angle of the ring are castellated finials from which spring three-light burners, and from both rings arms project, ornamented with scrolls composed of the conventional palm leaf. Each arm supports a massive burner cup from which also rise a second row of three-light burners. The rod or central shaft which carries the corona is relieved with scrolls. Chains made of turned links are suspended from the rod and attached to a scroll fastened to an upper stretcher, thus giving it a beautiful appearance. . There are three smaller coronas of twenty lights and two of twenty-five lights in the chancel, which correspond in design with the larger one. The standards for the body of the church are five feet six inches high, with three side and one centre lights—plain at the base, but richly ornamented above with pierced geometrical figures and relieved with emblematical roses. The border from which the arms project is pierced and has a turreted edge, triangular shaped with curved corners; at the junction of each curve a plain burner with conical knob at top and bottom is fixed. Chains made with turned links hang from the central light. Sixteen of these standards light the nave and the aisles, and two larger ones in the transept. These fittings are designed to harmonize with the style of the church, and are not too much ornamented. The whole are of excellent workmanship, and great credit was deservedly given to Mr. East, the manager of the gas-fitting department of Messrs Guest and Chrimes’ works, for the care and ability he manifested in carrying out the architect's designs. Çffe Cºurtſ, cloth. The old clock, which had ever been considered a remarkably excellent piece of workmanship, but which required too much attention in winding up, had for some time manifested indications of having told the time of the day to as many generations as had wisely improved or unwisely wasted it, as long and as correctly as it was able. It now grew so erratic and unreliable, as to be a standing joke to those who had no reverence for old but worn-out service; and the Corporation, reciprocating the efforts made by the town regarding the church restoration, resolved that a new clock should be provided, to replace the one that had so 3.26 330th crijam. long proclaimed the hour of the day, and which now ceased to do so. After consulting that most eminent authority on turret clocks, Sir Edmund Beckett, Messrs. William Potts and Sons, of Leeds, were appointed to supply it, at a cost of £290, and the following is a detailed account of its construction. The clock is made to shew the time on four external dials, seven feet four inches in diameter. The hands are of strong copper, correctly balanced or counterpoised inside. They are fixed on to a strong dial, or motion wheel, made of gun metal, mounted on an iron frame, and bolted to the walls of the tower. These are connected with the clock by means of three sets of bevel wheels, with double and single universal joints at the respective ends of each rod. The clock is constructed with a solid cast iron bed frame, planed, this being the most improved plan. It has three separate trains of wheels, all complete; namely, going parts, striking for the hours, and striking for the quarters. The going part main wheel is fifteen and a half inches in diameter, with Sir Edmund Beckett's bolt and shuttle maintaining power attached, to keep the clock going during the time of winding up. It has also Sir Edmund Beckett's double three-legged gravity escapement, with a one and a quarter seconds compensated pendulum, to counteract any difference in temperature, and thus keep the clock at uniform time. The pendulum bob is cylindrical in form, weighing two and a half cwts. The main wheel of the striking part is twenty inches in diameter, with ten cams, faced with steel, attached to it, sufficiently strong to raise a hammer of from sixty to eighty lbs. weight, or heavier, if required. This is determined by the weight of the tenor bell. The quarter trains have a complete set of four quarter cams, to strike the correct Cambridge or Westminster chimes. The first, second, and third quarters, begin at fifteen, thirty, and forty-five minutes past the hour, and the first blow of the hour (not the quarters) at the exact time. The clock is driven by iron weights carried down one corner of the tower, suspended by the best patent iron wire cords, guided and carried over block pulleys, bushed with brass and pivoted in. The hammers are run in iron frames, of which there are five, firmly bolted on to the bell frame, and connected with the clock by requisite levers and cranks. The different motions of the clock are brought as direct, and as near the work they have to do as possible, thus dispensing with all unnecessary friction, making each action more accurate in its performance, and greater reliance on the correctness of the whole is thereby secured. It may be added, that in the distinctness of the dials as seen at great distances, in the musical striking of the quarters, and far-off audible tone of the hours, and, more than all, in the accurate keeping of the time, the clock is a signal success and a fitting finish to the fine old tower. @Iſſe Étained ſºlagg albintrotug. Several handsome stained glass windows have of late years been inserted in the church, and it is trusted they will lead to the introduction of others, so that the desired harmonious effect they are calculated to produce in the church, will in due time be secured. , - The front window of the south transept is inserted “In memory of Mary, the beloved wife of John Waring, of Howarth Hall, who died February 3rd, 1859, aged 66 years; and of Mark Waring, Knight of the Order of Leopold of Belgium, his youngest son, who died at Madrid, October 14th, 1859, aged Qſìje (Tijurch a 3 a $tructure. 327 29 years.” The subjects represented are, “The wise men sent by Herod to find the Child,” “Christ opening the eyes of the blind man Bartimãºus,” “Christ blessing the little children,” “Christ's charge to Peter,” “Christ's entry into Jerusalem,” “The Last Supper,” “Christ's agony in the Garden,” “Peter and John at the Beautiful Gate of the Temple.” The tracery of the top is filled in with Saints or angels playing upon instruments of music. The east window of the south transept is filled with stained glass to the memory of Miss Sarah Nightingale and her brother, whose remains are interred in the Cemetery at Moorgate. The subjects represented are “Our Saviour, and Martha, and Mary”; “Christ, Martha, and Mary at the tomb of Lazarus”; the left bottom figure is an angel bearing a scroll, upon which is written, “Thy brother shall rise again"; and the right hand figure is similar: upon the scroll is, “I am the resurrection and the life.” The west window of the south transept is to the memory of her sister, Miss Elizabeth Nightingale (by whose noble and timely present of £1,000 the building of the Rotherham hospital was importantly promoted). The subjects of the window are taken from the acts of mercy, “I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me.” The subjects are placed upon a base and under a canopy. Angels are introduced bearing the text, “And now abideth Faith, Hope, Charity.” The window is treated in accordance with the style which prevailed in the fifteenth century. Sacred monograms and the Alpha and Omega are introduced in the tracery. The colouring, diffused over the light gresaille ground, while rich in the subjects, is designed so as not to be gaudy. The artists were Messrs. Camm Brothers, of Smethwick. The next presentation of this kind, and which forms one of the most striking and important improvements of the recent renovation, is that of the east window, by the Earl of Effingham, and which has to that portion of the church given an impressive dignity and attraction, very appropriate and perfect. The window, including the stone work, was designed by Sir Gilbert Scott, and is an instance of his skilful treatment of Church embellishment. It is dedicated to God in memory of some members of the Howard family, some of whose portraits are cleverly sculptured, and stop the label which surrounds the head of the window. The label on the outside of the church is stopped by a bust of Archbishop Rotherham on the north side, and by the queen of Edward IV. on the south. The figures in all the larger sections of the window are very numerous, and most of them are intended to represent the Te Deum. In the centre upper light is a representation of our Saviour seated in glory, in allusion to the passages of the hymn, “When thou hadst overcome the sharpness of death, &c., Thou sittest at the right hand of God, in the glory of the Father.” Immediately beneath that is a representation of the crucifixion, and again lower is the nativity. The head of the window is chiefly devoted to figures of the host of heaven, and cherubim and Seraphim playing on musical instruments, and singing praises to God. On the right hand side of Christ is a representation of the glorious company of the apostles, and on the left side the noble army of martyrs, easily distinguished by their emblems. Then in the lowest tier are representations of the patriarchs, prophets, kings, saints, &c., and there are in the whole about two hundred figures beautifully and appropriately depicted in this elaborate and splendid specimen of a memorial window, which was executed by Messrs. Clayton and Bell, of London. The stonework is beautifully relieved by a broad margin 328 - 330th crijam. of almost colourless glass, which also brings out the various subjects of the window. This, at the same time, gives great brilliancy to the window, and admits a large amount of light, a point generally overlooked in the design of stained-glass windows. The three-light perpendicular stained glass window on the south side of the chancel was erected by Cecil G. Savile Foljambe, Esq., with the permission of the Earl of Effingham (who is the lay rector), to the memory of his late wife, who was a Howard, though not of the Effingham branch of that family. The subject (in the three principal lights) is “The taking down from the Cross;” and in the smaller lights above are four figures of female saints, viz.:-St. Margaret, St. Cecilia, St. Catherine, St. Lucy, and in a small quatrefoil light, at top of window, is a portrait of the late Mrs. Cecil Foljambe, the first wife of Cecil G. S. Foljambe, of Cockglode. The label at the bottom of the window is inscribed as follows:—“To the glory of God, and to the memory of Louisa Blanche, the beloved wife of Cecil George Savile Foljambe, of Cockglode. She died 7th October, 1871; also of Frederick Compton Savile Foljambe, her second son, who died 21st August, 1871.” Beneath the centre of the sill of the window, fixed to the wall, is a brass plate on black marble, which is inscribed as follows:—“In memory of Louisa Blanche, the beloved wife of Cecil George Savile Foljambe, of Cockglode, and eldest daughter of Frederick John and Lady Fanny Howard; she died 7th October, 1871, aged 29, and is laid with her second son in the vault at Scofton, Notts. The above south window of this chancel is erected by her sorrowing husband.” There is a border of oak leaves round it, with six shields on it (three at the top and three at the bottom). I. The centre one at the top is, Foljambe quartering Thornhagh, Savile, Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool, Otley, Shuckburgh, Evelyn, Medley; impaling Howard and its quarterings, viz., Brotherton, Warren, Mowbray, Dacre, Greystoke. These arms for Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Foljambe. 2. The left-hand shield at top bears the arms of Mrs. Cecil Foljambe's father, viz., Howard and the before-mentioned quarterings. 3. The left-hand shield at bottom is the arms of Mrs. Cecil Foljambe's paternal grandfather" and grand- mother, viz., Howard impaling Lambton. 4. The right-hand shield at top has the arms of Mrs. Cecil Foljambe's mother, viz., Cavendish and quarterings, Hardwick of Hardwick; Boyle, Earl of Burlington; Clifford, Earl of Cumberland; Savile Mary, of Halifax; Compton, Earl of Northampton. 5. The right-hand shield at bottom has the arms of Mrs. Cecil Foljambe's maternal grandfather and grandmother, viz., Cavendish” impaling O’Callaghan (Lismore). 6. The centre shield at bottom bears the nine principal early quarterings of Howard, viz.:- I, Howard; 2, Mowbray; 3, Segrave; 4, Brotherton; 5, Confessor; 6, Fitzalan; 7, Warren; 8, Dacre; 9, Greystoke. - Another stained glass window, to the memory of his mother, has been inserted by Mr. Hutchinson at the west end of the north aisle. The subjects of this window are taken from the life of St. Paul. Panel No. 1 (in the top row, left hand) represents him seated at the feet of Gamaliel; Nos. 2 and 3, the martyrdom of St. Stephen, with Saul and the witnesses; No. 4, Saul persecuting in the * He was Major Hon. Frederick Howard, third son * He was William Cavendish, Esq., father of the of Frederick, fifth Earl of Carlisle, who was killed at present Duke of Devonshire, and eldest son of Lord Waterloo, “the young gallant Howard” of Byron's George Cavendish, afterwards created Earl of Bur- “Childe Harold, Canto III., Stanza xxix.” lington, in whose lifetime he died. Photo. Litho. RWhite Worksop. łłotijerjam Cºurtſ). ---- - - - - - - - in TERIOR LOOKING EAST. The Church as a $tructure. 329 Synagogue; No. 5, (bottom row, left hand) Saul demanding letters from the High Priest; Nos. 6 and 7, the Conversion of Saul; No. 8, Saul visited by Ananias. The tracery is filled with ornamental scroll work and angels. It was executed by Mr. James Bell, of London. - - A beautiful window has been placed by Mrs. Badger, of Sycamore Cottage, Moorgate, at the east end of the south aisle, to the memory of her husband, the late Joseph Badger, Esq., solicitor, who was in his life time highly and generally respected, and at his death very sincerely regretted. The window is divided into two tiers, the tracery being filled with subject work empanelled beneath canopies designed in perpendicular style, and have a very graceful appearance. There are double subjects, each in pairs in the upper tier of lights, and on the dexter side is the subject, “Raising of Jairus' daughter”; on the sinister side, “St. Peter sinking, and our Lord on the sea.” In the lower is represented our Lord calling St. Peter and St. James, and also the charge to St. Peter. In the tracery are various figures of the Apostles and their emblems; the whole having a pleasing and harmonious effect. The following inscription is on the brass plate on the window sill:—“In memory of Joseph Badger, who died May, 1875, aged 72, and is buried in Rotherham Cemetery. The above window is erected by his sorrowing widow.” This window was designed and executed by Messrs. Heaton, Butler, and Bayne, London, under the supervision of Sir Gilbert Scott. iſie-opening of the Cºurtſ). The re-opening of the church, which took place on Wednesday, April 7th, 1875, will to the end of such holy celebrations be one of the red letter days of Rotherham. Scarcely in the present century has there been exhibited such a general expression of pleasant public feeling as on this occasion. The Spring day was auspiciously bright, the bells rung out a joyful peal, the streets were decorated with flags and thronged with visitors from far and near, filled as it were with “the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude that kept holy day.” Before eleven o'clock, those who were to take part in the procession assembled at the court house; the large quadrangular space in front, as were all the approaches to the church, being densely crowded. Preceded by the police, the procession was composed of the mayor, corporation, and town clerk, the mayors of other towns, W. S. Stanhope, Esq., M.P., the local magistrates, the greave and feoffees, the architect and contractors, the restoration committee, the clergy and choir of the church, about seventy clergymen from neighbouring places, and the grammar school boys. The procession was met at the church door by the Archbishop of York, the vicar and churchwardens, and conducted to seats in the nave and transepts, Earl Fitzwilliam and a large party from Wentworth House having already occupied seats appropriated to them. The infirmity of the late beloved vicar prevented him from being present at a celebration he had long desired, but could not witness. - . . The appearance of the interior of the restored church, into which upwards of fifteen hundred worshippers had obtained entrance, to the exclusion and sad disappointment of a greater number outside, was imposing and impressive, and presented one of those magnificent spectacles, but too seldom witnessed in sacred edifices. Before the commencement of the service the admiration excited by the lofty proportions and beautiful symmetry of the fine arcade, now beheld by hundreds for the first time, was strikingly evident as a tacit, but not less emphatic tribute 4-2 33O 330th crijam. of hearty approval. Considerable numbers of members of Nonconformist bodies were present to evince the interest shared by them in this successful renovation of the parish church. The services were read by the vicar, the Rev. W. Newton, the Rev. Edwin Fox, the Hon. and Rev. Canon Howard, and the Rev. C. N. Philips, the archbishop's chaplain. Then after the singing of the old hundreth Psalm, the archbishop, after a preliminary address respecting the cost and advantages of the restoration, concluding with, “This is a grand work, make it your work by giving both your substance and your prayers,” took for his text, “I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures” (I Cor. xv c. 3-4 v.) The collection was ſ 233. - - The sermon in the evening was preached by Bishop Alford. In the afternoon there was a luncheon at the Drill Hall at which four hundred and twenty persons were present; a subscription list was put in circulation by the archbishop, which, with sums then added, amounted to £1,700, making in the day nearly £2,000. - On the following Thursday a social tea, of about eight hundred, was held at the same place, and thus ended this grand celebration. The excellent vicar was too much in earnest to rest satisfied with the popular enthusiasm evoked by this restoration of the fabric and fittings of the material church; he observed, “there is another church within this town less thought of by some, but far more beautiful and costly, and precious in the sight of God. It is built up of ‘living stones, its walls and bulwarks are salvation, and its gates are praise. Were it restored to the beauty the architect designed, its hallowing influence would be conspicuous, even to a passer by, amidst the press of business, the intercourse of daily life, and the charities of home. * * * * The spiritual church, however, is sadly in want of restoration. The grand outlines of this temple are defective and decayed; its beautiful proportions marred and mutilated.” The fabric of the church is now completed; may it be a consecrated centre, from which may radiate hallowed and spiritual life-giving influences, which shall operate in making living temples of its members, temples of the Holy Ghost, evinced by acts of self-denial, and efforts of benevolence, as daily offerings of thankfulness and love. - The Old Font. Çjt (5rammar Štíjunſ. Threats come which no submissions can assuage; No sacrifice avert, no power dispute; The tapers shall be quenched, the belfries mute; And mid their choirs, unroofed by Selfish rage, The warbling wren shall find a leafy cage. - WoRDSworTH. #|HE antiquity of Rotherham Grammar School cannot be %| ascertained. Instruction in grammar here, may have owed its introduction to the devout and diligent monks, who laboured assiduously at promoting the erection of the nobler structure of the church, from the simpler one which had sufficed for our British or Saxon ancestors. We first learn from Archbishop Rotherham that there was in his boyhood a teacher of grammar, who, he says, “came to Rotherham by I know not what fate, but I believe that it was by the grace of God he came thither, who taught me and other youths, whereof others with me reached higher stations.” The grammar school, if only to this extent, establishes priority over the college itself, the grand and grateful conception of which is thus expressed in the archbishop's remarkable will. Referring to the circumstance, he says, “Lest I should seem, notwithstanding, an ungrateful forgetter of these things, I Will that a perpetual College of the name of Jesus be raised in the foresaid town, in the same place in which the foundation was laid at the feast of St. Gregory, in the twenty-second year of King Edward the Fourth; in which [place] also I had been born. * * * Therefore, desiring to return thanks to the Saviour, and to magnify that cause, lest I should seem unthankful, and forgetful of the benefits of God, and of whence I came : I have determined with myself, firstly, to establish there, for ever, an Instructor in Grammar, teaching all persons gratuitously.” * See pages I 36, 137. 332 330th crijam. The honour of God, and the perpetual benefit and educational elevation of his native town, are the good and gracious motives which move this pious prelate in conceiving and carrying out this grand design. The archbishop mentions “other youths who, with him, reached higher stations,” and we shall concur with Hunter, when he says, “This person (the teacher of grammar), whose name I could wish the archbishop had preserved, obtained an extensive celebrity, and in consequence Rotherham became the resort of all the youths from the better families in the neighbourhood.” Amongst those who received instruction from this teacher of grammar, and “who attained afterwards eminent station in Church and State,” were, accordin to Hunter, probably the Blythes of Norton, one of whom (John) became Bishop of Salisbury, and another (Geoffry) Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; the latter of whom founded a chantry in Norton Church to the memory of his parents. To these may be added Henry Carnebull, the Archdeacon of York, one of the executors of Archbishop Rotherham's Will. He is buried in the chantry founded by him in the chapel, called Jesus Chapel, in Rotherham Church, and beneath the marble stone placed before the altar. He died at Rotherham College, Ioth August, I 512. We have to lament that this marble tombstone was not found at the recent restoration. Another of these dignitaries, it is assumed, was Rokeby, Archbishop of Dublin. William Rokeby, second son of John Rokeby, was born at Thundercliffe Grange, near Rotherham, about 1460. He was presented by the monks of Lewes to the church at Sandal. He resigned Sandal and went to Ireland, but was made vicar of Halifax in 1502; in 1507 Bishop of Meath; and in 15 12 Archbishop of Dublin, and, at interrupted periods, Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He died 1521, and was buried at Sandal in a singularly beautiful chapel he had built, and wherein is a stately monument to his memory. This is a somewhat grand outcome of the original grammar School at Rotherham, and warrants the Archbishop's observation, “that many youths are found there of very quick intelligence.” We shall find hereafter that this is not all. The Archbishop had determined to establish there a grammar school for ever; he had superbly built and munificently endowed his college, of which this was part; and he had left with his executors ample funds wherewith to protect it against attack, and yet, in less than seventy years, the entire of this noble and gracious scheme was swept ruthlessly away, as though dangerous to the State, and injurious to the people, instead of its ranking as that highest national boon and inestimable local privilege—a renowned seat of learning. The Act of Edward VI. swept away the college and its appointments, but not without remonstrance being made, and redress sought. There was one who seems to have stedfastly determined within himself, that the system of grammar tuition at Rotherham should not die this sudden, unjust, and ignominious death. This was Thomas Snell. In the statutes of the college it is provided “Moreover, we order that each of the said fellows shall have a separate or single room in the said college, to be assigned and settled for him by ourselves, while we act in human affairs, and after our death by the provost. * * * * And the teacher or instructor in grammar shall have for his annual salary of the goods and rents of our said college ten [ - – and not beyond. * * * to be paid to each of them by the hand of the provost at the four usual terms of the year.” - * See pages I Io, I I I. The Grammar school. 333 We have somewhat indistinct information of at least four of the teachers of grammar who enjoyed this ample provision made for their benefit and comfort. John Bockyng, in 1483, would probably be the first; then in 1529 administration is granted to Johane, widow of Robert Collier, master of the grammar school at Rotherham, who had died, doubtless, some little time before. According to the Valor of Henry VIII. William Drapour was master. In the “Certificates of Colleges” referred to, the name of Thomas Snell occurs thus: “The Grammar Scole in the seid Colledge.—Thomas Snell, scholemaster there, Xxxvi yeres of age, bacheler of arte, of honest conversation, qualities, and learnyng, hath, and receyueth yerely for his stipend x", for his gowne clothe xij, for fyre to his chamber iij iiij", his barber & launder free, which amounteth yerely to x" xv" iiij", and hath none other lyving.”" - We find in the inventory of the goods of the college at their confiscation a Thomas Snell renting a house with a garden there v'.-and again “Thomas Snell one house with xxvi acres lande in Dalton and Heryngthorpe xix' iſ" " " And also “Two close pastures and woods lying on the east side of Donesthorpe, in the parish of Fyshelayke, called Parsons Croftes, containing Io acres, demised among others to Thomas Snell, by indenture of the provost and fellows of the late college, of 23 February, 36 Henry VIII., for 21 years. Rent 5s. Iod.” Thomas Snell, as master of the grammar school, had his chamber in the college, therefore the properties recited must have been occupied by some other member of the family, or by him after the dissolution of the college. But although the college was dissolved, its beneficent purposes frustrated, and its rich revenues diverted to ignoble uses, the grammar school was in some degree rescued from the wreck, as is shewn by the “Decree” which follows. And it must be observed that, whilst mainly indebted to the vigorous and resolute proceedings taken by Thomas Snell for the restitution of rights withheld for a period during the reign of Philip and Mary, the stipend being entirely lost for some years of that reign, yet that the town continued to maintain the school, until Snell's personal appeal to the Barons of the Exchequer was rewarded by a full recognition of the claim of the town, and by the restoration of the grant secured from that time forth. And it will be noticed that, before the 1st of Edward VI., the grammar school is described as having “been a long time” before the said 20th July “continuously kept in Rotherham.” How long the patriotism of the people of Rotherham would have further “continuously” done this, we are spared from speculating upon, by the deserved success which attended Thomas Snell's personal and persistent appeal. We have no reliable guide as to where the school in its reduced dimensions would be held, but from an entry in the college grants, it would seem to have been in a school-house in the grounds of the dismantled college, and by 26 Elizabeth, I 583, it is mentioned as “our house or building called the school-house in the street called Jesus Gate.” It may be said that until the recent erection of the present premises, in Moorgate, the grammar school clung very closely to the site of the college, of which it had formed a part. - An interesting letter in Cole’s MSS., given entire elsewhere, indignantly describes the fall and condition of Rotherham College in 1591. The writer mentions the provision made for the masters in writing, and grammar and song, * See page 147. * Particulars for Grants. Wright and Holmes, Grantees, section I, memb. 9. 334 330th crijam. “and further, to find six choiristers for the maintenance of God’s service in the church, untill their voices changed; at which time they went to the Grammar Schole; for by the Foundation of Lincoln College in Oxford, whereof the said bishop was a founder, also, the scholars that came from this College of Rotheram were to be preferred to a fellowship of that college, before any other; which was performed very well so long as the house stood according to his first foundation. But so soon as the said house was dissolved, neither preacher nor schole-master was provided, but the town hired the schole-master for the schole many years after; untill they made unto the Queen's Majesty, and obtained x" yearly, towards the finding of the schole-master for the grammar schole, which cost the town not a little before they could get it.” “Now,” he says, “let everyone consider what a great loss this was to such a town and the country round about it, not only for the cause of learning, but also for the help of the poor, that now in the town is not a few, for there are many more than was then.” - The writer of this authentic and sympathetic account appears to have been Cuthbert Sherbrook, of Wickersley, said to have been a dignified ecclesiastic. Michael Sherbrook who was rector of Wickersley in 1556, and until his death, in 16 Io, would be of the same family. We now arrive at the result of Mr. Thomas Snell's well-directed and successful effort. ROTHERHAM GRAMMAR ScHool. The true copie of the Decree for the revyving and continuance thereof. ELIZABETH, by the Grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all to whom these present letters shall come, sendeth greeting. We have inspected a certain record before the Barons of our Exchequer, had and marked in the memoranda of the same Exchequer of the 3rd year of our reign, namely among the records of Easter Term in the Rolls, on the part of the (sic) forementioned treasurer in these words. York.-It hath been found in Books late of the Court of Augmentations and revenues of the Royal Crown remaining in the Court here, upon the dissolution of the same late Court. That Edward VI late King of England, brother to our Lady, now Queen, by the Letters Patent of the same late King Edward VI made under his Great Seal of England, whereof the date is no day of June (1548) in the second year of the same late King. Did appoint and assign Walter Mildmay Knight, and Robert Keylway Esq., as his Commissioners, to take divers orders for the maintenance of Schools of preachers, priests, and curates, of necessity for serving of cures and ministering the Sacraments and for continuing and paying money to the poor, and for divers other things doth appoint to be done and executed (sic). And that the said Commissioners by virtue of the same letters patent, on the 20th day July, in the second year (1548) of the reign of the foresaid late King Edward VI, did assign and appoint that a certain Grammar School which long before the said 20th day of July, was continually kept in Rotherham in the West Riding of the County of York, should continue there. And that Thomas Snell, then, and still Schoolmaster there, should have and enjoy the place of Schoolmaster there, and should have for his wages yearly x" xv. iiij" as before then to such Schoolmaster, there awarded such wage or stipend to be paid to the said Thomas Snell, then and still School- master, and to other such Schoolmasters there for the time being. And that the said * See page 96. Oſije (5rammar $ that [. 335 Commissioners did direct to the Auditor and Receiver of the said late Court of Augmentations and Revenues of the Regal Crown, in the said County of York, and to either of them, a certain Warrant signed by the hands of the late Commissioners, and now remaining here in the Court, namely amongst the Books and Records of the said late Court of Augmentation and Revenues of this Regal Crown, by which Warrant indeed the foresaid Commissioners commanded the said Receiver by virtue of the foresaid Com- missioners that such money of the King and such Revenue as from time to time should be and remain in his hands, he should satisfy and pay the said £IO I 53. 4d. a year, yearly, to the foresaid Thomas Snell, and other such Schoolmasters there for the time being, weekly, quarterly or otherwise, as should be necessary until other and further order should be taken for the same, as in the said Warrant, amongst other things more fully is contained. And now to wit, on the morrow of the end of Easter in this term, comes the foresaid Thomas Snell, then and still Master of the foresaid Grammar School in Rotherham, in the said West Riding of the said County of York, in his own person and because that he himself was well and truly paid the said wages or stipend, namely the said £10 15s. 4d. a year, yearly by the said Receiver General of the said Revenues of the said late Court of Augmentations and Revenues of the Royal Crown in the foresaid County from the Royal money and Revenue in his hands lately remaining from the said 20th day of July in the foresaid 2nd year of the reign of the said late King Edward VI., until the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, in the 2nd and 3rd years of the reign of Philip and Mary, late King and Queen, according to the tenure of the assignation and of the said warrant from which Feast indeed of St. Michael the Archangel the said Receiver hath refused to pay the same Thomas Snell the said wages or stipend, namely the said £IO I 5s. 4d., and still refuses (now,) he asks, as well for himself as other such schoolmasters there for the time in future being, that he and the said other such schoolmasters besides there for the time being, so long as they in the said form should keep the said school, should be paid and satisfied yearly of the said wages or stipend, namely the foresaid £IO I 5s. 4d. a year, by the said Receiver for the time being, from the money and Revenues of the said Lady now Queen, her heirs and successors in the hands of the same Receiver from time to time happening to remain. And that the said Thomas Snell may be satisfied of the arrears of the same wages or stipend from the said Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, in the 2nd and 3rd years of the foresaid late King and Queen, Philip and Mary, due, and hitherto not paid, according to the tenure of the assignation and of the said warrant and of the premises. Whereupon the premises being seen by the Barons, and mature deliberation being had thereon between the same, it was considered by the said Barons that the foresaid Thomas Snell, Schoolmaster, of the said school of Rotherham in the West Riding aforesaid in the said county of York, and other such schoolmasters there beside for the time being and keeping the same school there shall be paid and satisfied of the said wages or stipend of £Io 1 5s. 4d. a year, moreover yearly at the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, and of the Annunciation of Blessed Mary the Virgin, by equal portions by the hands of the Receiver General, of the said county of York for the time being from the money and revenues of our said Lady now Queen, in her hands happening from time to time to remain in consideration of the premises and of a certain Act of Parliament of the said late King Edward VI., at Westminster, in the 1st year of his reign, and of a certain other Act in Parliament of the foresaid late King and Queen Philip and Mary in the 1st and 2nd years of their reign in such case there lately put forth and provided. 336 - 330th crijam. And that the said Thomas Snell of the said arrears to him from the said Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, in the said 2nd and 3rd years of the reign of the said late King and Queen, Philip and Mary, as he asserts not paid shall not be paid nor satisfied before the Feast of St. Michael, the Archangel, in the 3rd and 4th years of the reigns of the said late King and Queen, but that the said arrears to the said Thomas Snell before the Feast of St. Michael, the Archangel, in the said 3rd and 4th years of the foresaid late King and Queen Philip and Mary, due and not paid shall be paid and satisfied to the said Thomas Snell, without damage to the Queen's right, if otherwise. Moreover we have considered the premises, all and singular worthy to be exemplified at the request of the said Thomas Snell, under the seal of our said Exchequer, according to the terms of these presents. In witness whereof, we have caused these our letters patent to be made, witness, William Marquis of Winchester, our Treasurer, of England, at Westminster, the 15th day of April, in the 3rd year of our reign. - Michaelmas Term, 3 year of Queen Elizabeth in the office of Anthony Rowe, Auditor. OSBoRNE. A true copy of the letters patent under the seal of the Exchequer, examined by F. West, Notary Public, and Thomas Barnsley. RoTHERAM ScHool. Mr. Iveson's bille testifying the receipt of xx markes of the Inhabitants of the towne of Rotherham, for his charges and labour in sueying out the Decree for the Revyving of the Grammar School there and allowance of the ancient pention to the same. This Bill made the tenth day of May in the fourth year of the raigne of our Sovieraigne Lady Queene Elizabeth, &c., Witnesseth that I William Iveson seruant to the right honorable William Marquis of Winchester and Lord Treasurer of England have received and had the day of the date of these presents of the inhabitantes of the towne of Rotherham within yº West ridding of the Countie of York, by the handes of William Swift of the same towne esquire The somme of Twentie markes of lawful English money due and given unto mee the said William Iveson for and in consideracion of such charges and other travell as I the said William Iveson have susteyned in and about the sueing forth of a certain decree under the queenes majesties seale of her graces Court of Exchequer for the Reviving and continuing the Grammar Schoole heretofore had and founded in Rotherham aforesaid. Together with the allowance of the ancient Fee and Stipend belonging to the Maister of the same Schoole as by the same' decree more at large may and doth appear. Of which saide somme of twentie markes I the said William Iveson doe confesse my self satisfied and payd, and the said towne and inhabitantes thereof clearly discharged and acqyted by these presents, whereunto I the said William Iveson have putt my hand and seale the day and year above written. WILLIAM Iveson. NotE.-That the parish were at none of this charge towardes the schole house nor at any charge of the purchase of y" nor of the repairing of y" ever since. This note indicates that the Feoffees undertook these charges. 1684. | | | | - to riſiſ 6 RO ^ly incoln ºra % 11 - | |- |-|| （（~ | | mſ || trººpſ £76 L- º: | - ; : | | T | - - - - - - - - - - The Örammar Šthodſ. - 337 In connection with our subject we approach another name of great eminence; that of Robert Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln. He is described as “a man of vigorous and subtile intellect, of deep and fervent piety, of child-like simplicity and modesty, and in times of suffering and persecution, even unto blood, of undaunted firmness and constancy.” Notwithstanding the evidence adduced by Hunter in favour of Sheffield as his birthplace, Mr. Raine says, “he was born at Gilthwaite.” Mr. Eastwood, in his excellent “History of Ecclesfield,” says “He was born Sept. 19th, 1587, probably at Guilthwaite, though some say Rotherham.” His bosom friend Isaac Walton, after an intimate knowledge of him for forty years, says so, in one of the most loving and beautiful biographies in the English, or in any other language. “But if so" continues Mr. Eastwood, “it is curious that the parish register of Sheffield, should contain entries which exactly correspond with his baptism, September 20th, 1587.” Be this as it may (and it is an honour not readily resigned), at any rate, there is no dispute about his having received his early education at the archbishop's grammar school at Rotherham. His father resided at Gilthwaite Hall, and we venture to illustrate this narrative by a slight sketch, tinted with local colouring, which fancies Robert Sanderson, some two hundred and eighty years ago, stepping over the threshold of that large, many-gabled, massive timbered mansion, half-way down the unfenced pack-horse road to London, which wound down Gilthwaite hill, three miles from Rotherham. He is only eight years old, but a fine grown, robust lad, with a capacious brow, and pleasant open countenance; and as he is just leaving his rural home for the first time for a new life at the grammar school at Rotherham, his eye glances brightly on the ancient serving man who is to accompany him over the moor, as he is too young to traverse that wild district unattended. And yet it would be likely to be safer for a young ingenuous lad like him, than it would be for his father: as, although Nevison, that dashing terror of this district, had not then commenced a career which was the dread and admiration of the age, and against whom information was laid before Sir John Reresby, at Rotherham, yet even then there were footpads on Rotherham moor. And could not that old serving man from his own knowledge, nay, as having been an eye witness, “a tale unfold,” how, that not so many years before—and within sight of that very entrance to Gilthwaite Hall, at which they then stood—a most dreadful murder was committed by John and George, two sons of Lord Darcy, on Lewis and Edmund, two sons of Sir William West; how that with a number of their retainers, they waylaid them on Aughton hill, as they were returning from Rotherham Fair, and after a gallant defence, slew them and one of their men; and how from the time of that dreadful deed the road had been haunted. No fearsome forebodings trouble young Robert Sanderson, as he trips lightly up the hill—where as yet there were but two or three good substantial houses. Mr. Westby too had not as yet discovered the medical spring on the hill, the virtues of which, widely trumpeted by Dr. Yarburgh, brought for a time considerable notoriety, and of course numbers of visitants, if not residents to Gilthwaite. And from that lofty summit on this lovely May morning, how wide and wondrously beautiful an expanse meets the boy's joy-bewildered gaze Stretching unmeasured miles away, the green moorland waste meets the eye, darkly dotted here and there with thick woods, like that nearest one, piously and * “History and Antiquities of the Parish of Blyth,” by the Rev. John Raine, M.A. Westminster : Nichols & Sons, 1860. - 4-3 338 Häntiſtrijam. poetically named “Hail Mary Hill.” Just on its left is seen the then ancient tower of Treeton Church, more ancient than Sheffield, a few miles beyond, lifting up the smoke of its infant industries into the clear sweet air; and then, beautifying and bounding the fair scene, the far-away faintly defined mountains of the peak. At another time how delightful to have lingeringly looked on these enchanting scenes. But a deeper emotion stirs the boy's ardent breast, and the grand attraction is straight on; through the beautiful hamlet of Whiston, where the mansion of Cedric, the Saxon, is said to have stood, now rich in green orchards and gushing rivulets, which have their own tender and tuneful charm for eye and ear. But not now must these stay the youth's eager feet, for Rotherham moor opens out, spreading far away on either hand, and westwardly down the valley the sinuous river Rother winds its flashing silver thread amidst scenes of sylvan beauty, as yet unsung. But the track is onward and upward, and the summit of Rotherham moor is soon reached, crowned by “Cancloowood of the Earl of Salop, replenished with red deer,” now fearlessly gambolling under the noble oaks and elms, and coursing over the green sward. And what English lad but regards these forest denizens with bounding bosom P But not now, for more than all these, and gloriously above all, in its unsmirched beauty and grace, the spire of Rotherham Church greets the boy's eager, anticipating eye, and just sixty paces beyond it, stands what remains of Archbishop Rotherham's Grammar School. Who shall say that this aspiring young student might not be inchoately prescient, that he would there find the first stepping stone to eminent station in life 2 Whether or not, it was so, and that eminence was the throne of the Bishop of Lincoln. He has caught sight of his future scholastic starting point, but has not reached it; he is some distance beyond where Oakwood Hall and Oakwood Grange, are now seen, has passed through upper Moorgate, and where now Moorgate Grange, Rotherstoke, and other pleasant places stand not then dreamed of, for all around the open undulating green sward of the town moor unbrokenly meets the eye. On the other hand Thomas, Earl of Effingham, had not yet piled up his indignant protest against the war with our American Colonies, in castellated stone walls on Boston hills;–but I think the stone pillar would then stand near where Beech-en-hurst now stands, and which was the winning post of ancient Rotherham Races, and in its shattered state still exists; and Canklow Moorgate of the Tookers just below, would then be a habitation, and have a name. But harkſ there is a confused, but musical tinkling of bells, and tramp of heavy feet, and just above where this celebrated rejuvenated grammar school now lifts its elegant, but somewhat dingy red and white fabric, a long string of pack- horses coming up the deep worn track of Hollowgate, deploy upon the broader Moorgate,” on their slow and weary way from York to London;–but their vigour is now freshly recruited, for they have come down Doncaster-gate and up Wellgate, and Wellgate throughout all its length is a bright everflowing stream, and the dust, and the dirt, and the toil of the last twelve miles, has been washed away, slaked, and forgotten, at the fresh free flowing waters, of which they have had their will. The boy is acquainted with them, for he has often watched them plodding past his boyhood's home on Gilthwaite Hill. And now he and his ancient henchman are also passing down the open space of Wellgate, half-street and * This is somewhat anticipatory, as the broader Moorgate at this point was not opened out for this purpose until 1617. Qſìje (5tammar $ tijd Ol. 339 half-stream, and into Jesus Gate, which before the erection of the now ruined college, was Brook Gate, from the open stream running along it and down Briggate, into the broad receptive Don. The boy has entered the claustere of the college grounds, and the walls from whence he is to graduate into the Bishop of Lincoln. The old serving man bids him “God be wi' you,” and will be there when “ita domum ” is pronounced, to return home with him at night. Isaac Walton says, “And in this time of being a scholar there, he was observed to use an unwearied diligence to attain learning, and to have a seriousness beyond his age, and with it a more than common modesty; and to be of so calm and obliging behaviour, that the master and whole number of scholars loved him as one man.” - - We have spent a good deal of time with the boy; we must make as short work as possible with the bishop. He seems to have been one of those unpresuming, yet, pre-eminent men, whose equable lustre most seldom of all others, irradiate the horizon of public life. Of him, public estimate from the most opposite points, seems concurrent, and that is from King Charles to Calamy. King Charles I. said of him, “I carry my ears to hear other preachers, but I carry my conscience to hear Mr. Sanderson, and to act according.” And Calamy relates with much feeling an instance of his sympathy with, and endeavour to assist a non-conforming minister of his diocese. Anthony Wood, author of the “Athenae Oxonienses,” speaking of the eighth edition of his sermons, (London, 1686) comprises all that can be said, “whether you consider him in his writings or conversations, from his first book of logic to his divinity lectures, sermons, and other excellent discourses, the vastness of his judgment, the variety of his learning, all laid out for public benefit, his unparalleled meekness, humility, and constancy, you cannot but confess that the Church of England could not lose a greater pillar, a better man, and more accomplished divine.” “During the Commonwealth he was cast out of his divinity professorship and canonry by the Parliamentary visitors; he was plundered, imprisoned, and wounded, but he was restored to his position on the Restoration.” But in his tribulations he seems to have been one of those who could make even “the wrath of man to praise him,” his living of Boothby-Pannel was sequestered in 1644, and must have continued so for ten years, yet such was his reputation for piety and learning that he was not deprived of it; he held it for forty years, and most of his works were composed there. “His parish,” says Isaac Walton, “his patron and he living together in a religious love, and a contented quietness.” He was chosen Moderator at the Savoy Conference, and drew up the present preface to the prayer book. But more than all this it is authoritatively stated that to him we owe the finest uninspired composition in the English, or in any other language, namely, “The General Thanksgiving”; “so admirably composed,” says Wheatley, “that it is fit to be said by all men who would give God thanks for common blessings, and yet peculiarly provided with a clause for those who having received some eminent personal mercy desire to offer up their public praise.” It is therefore highly satisfactory to know that if not born at Rotherham, Bishop Sanderson was trained there, and that the intellect which elevated him to the highest rank with scholars, and the piety which notably distinguished him amongst Christian men, received their first rudimentary exercise, and their first * “A Rational Illustration of the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England.” 17 Io. 34O łłotijerijam. upward impulse at “the severe and exact” Rotherham Grammar School." He was buried in the chancel of Buckden Church, and the following inscription, composed by himself, was placed upon his tomb, “Depositum Roberti Sanderson nuper Lincolniensis Episcopi qui obiit Anno Domini MDCLXII. et astatis suae septuagesimo Sexto. Hic requiescit in spe beatae resurrectionis.” But we owe this great and good man yet more in his having provided another celebrated man as master of Rotherham Grammar School, the following notice of whom is given from Wood’s “Athenae Oxonienses”:” “Charles Hoole, was born at Wakefield in Yorks. educated in the Free-school there under Rob. Doughtie a Cantabrigian, who had taught in that school 50 years or more, sent to Linc. Coll. by the advice of his Kinsman Dr. Rob. Sanderson, in Mich. term 1628, aged 18 years, where, by the help of a good Tutor, he became a proficient in the Greek and Hebrew tongues and in Philosophy. After he had taken one degree in Arts, he entred into the sacred function, retired to Lincolnshire for a time, and by the endeavours of Sanderson before mentioned, he was made Master of the Free-school at Rotheram in Yorkshire, and then proceeded in Arts. In the beginning of the Civil War he went to London, and by the invitation of certain noted Citizens he taught a private School there, between Goldsmiths—alley in Redcross-street, and Maidenhead-court in Aldersgate-street. Afterwards, leaving that place (about 1651) he taught another private Grammar School in Token-house Garden in Lothbury, not far from the Royal Exchange; where, as in the former School, the generality of the youth were instructed to a miracle. About the time of his Majesties restauration he was invited into Monmouthshire, with hopes of great reward, but promises answering not expectation, he returned to London; and Dr. Sanderson being then made Bishop of Lincolne, he appointed him his Chaplain, gave him a Prebendship in the Church of Lincolne, and would have done greater matters for him if he had lived. About that time he became Rector also of Stock near to Chelmsford in Essex, where he mostly spent the remainder of his days with great content to himself and his Parishioners. He was a noted Royalist (and therefore suffered for it in the beginning of the Wars) was a good Latinist, Greecian and Hebritian and admirably skill'd in classical learning. He hath transmitted to posterity these things following. Pueriles confabulatiumculae, Anglo-latinae, in varias clausulas distributae, &c. London, 1633. 53 &c., Oct. Aditus facilis ad linguam latinam, &c., Lond., 1641-9, &c., oct., in Lat. and Engl. Terminationes & exempla Declimationem & Conjugationum, Lond, 1650, 57 &c. in Engl. and Lat., and oct. Maturini Corderii Colloquia Scholastica. Lond, 1653–71, &c., in Engl, and Lat., !?! 00ſ. Plain and easie primmer for Children, wherein the pictures of beasts and birds for each letter in the Alphabet are set down, &c. - - Grammar in Lat. and Engl., London, 1654, oct. At first intended for the use of his private School, but since found the most necessary and easiest for attaining the Latin tongue, of any then extant. 8 Sanderson was greatly attached to genealogical and having been dispersed, re-united in the library of Sir heraldic studies, which he appears to have pursued more Joseph Banks, but afterwards became again dispersed.— by way of recreation than with any definite object. See AE’aines’ “History of Blyth,” pp. 78, 79. Of the extensive collection which he left behind him * Vol. II, pp. 272-3. in manuscript, the larger portion were for a time, after (Iſiſt (5tammar $thogi. 34. I AEsopi fabulae. Lond, in oct. Engl. and Lat. The common rudiments of Latine Grammar, usually taught in all Schools. Lond, 1657, oct. The first part or book. The construction of eight parts of speech. The second part or book. The examples of the English rules grammatically construed—The third part or book. The fourth edition of this grammar in three parts was published in 1664, having been before approved by Bishop Sanderson, and others, to be the shortest, orderliest and plainest for ease, both of Master and Scholars, that had been them extant. Examination of common Accidence. Lond, 1657, &c., Engl. & Lat. Vocabularium parvum, &c., Lond, 1657-70. Engl. & Lat. Catonis distica de moribus, Lond, 1659–70, &c., Eng. & Lat. The Ushers Duty: or, a platforme of teaching Lilies Grammar. Lond, 1659, in tw. The letters C.H. are set to it in the title, and therefore I suppose it was written by our Author, Ch. Hoole. - Dicta insignia Septem sapientium Graecia. Lond., 1659–70. Oct., in Engl. and Lat. Mimi Publiani, sive Senecae proverbia. Lond, 1659-70. Oct. Examinatio Grammatica latinae in usum Scholarum adormatae, dóc. Lond., 1660. Oct. New discovery of the old art of teaching School in four Treatises. Lond, 1660. Oct. Written in 1637, for the use and benefit of Rotheram School; and after 14 years' trial by diligent practice in London, it was published with enlargements. Sententia pueriles, Angl., Lat., &c., Lond, 1681, octav. Printed then with Colloquia Corderii. Publii Terentii Comediae sex Angl. Lat, &c. Lond, 1676. octavo. Sententia pueriles, &c. Lond., 1677. Engl. and Lat. Phraseologiae pueriles Angl. Lat. Lond, in oct. In the year 1653 he published the New Testament in Greek, with all the positions of the most difficult words which are grammatically resolved in George Pasors Lexicon, put in the margin thereof. Afterwards were several editions published, and that which came out in 1674 was ill corrected, and printed on bad paper, and in a worse character. He also translated from Latin into English, “The visible world: or a picture or momenclature of all the chief things, that are in the world, and of mens employments therein.” Lond., 1659, oct. The book which is adorned with pictures, to make children understand it the better, was originally written by job. Amos Commenius. This most noted Grammarian Ch. Hoole paid his last debt to nature at Stock before mentioned, on the 7 day of March in sixteen hundred sixty and six, and was buried in the chancel of the church there, under an arch in the wall, near the Communion Table. I have been informed by one of his relations, that he, the said Mr. Hoole, hath 24 books and translations extant, which number is before set down, but whether in order as they came out, I cannot tell for I have not yet seen all their editions.” We find in the preceding notice of Hoole's life that his kinsman, Dr. Robert Sanderson, sent him to Lincoln College, Oxford: this, as it seems, will be one of the fellowships of that college, indicated in the following extracts: “Roth ERHAM—A Copye of two particular Statutes taken out of the Records or Register of Lincolne Colledge in Oxford, of which Colledge Bishopp Rotherham was half-founder, and the Bishopp of Lincolne for the time being is always visitor. In which Colledge there be foure fellowshippes most proper and peculiar to the town and parish of Rotherham. - • , 342. - 33 otherijam. “Sint etiam quatuor in Collegio nostro de diocese Eboracenssi; quorum duo ad minus sint de commitatu Eboracenssi, et precipue de Archiepiscopatu Eboracenssi. Semper preferendi parochiani de Rotherham si tot habiles reperiri poterint. Cap. 1. “Let there be also four in our College from our diocese of York; two at least to be of the County of York, and particularly of the Archbishoprick of York. These two to be parishioners of Rotherham, and such parishioners to be always preferred, if so many are found fit. Cap. I. - i “Item statuimus et ordinamus quod de numero illorum quatuor qui eligendi sunt de Commitatu et diocese Eboracenssi preferatur unus ad minus de parochia de Rotherham si aliquis in judicio eligentium, de dicta parochia habilis invenire poterit. Cap. Io. - “Likewise we appoint and order that of the number of the four who are chosen from the County and Diocese of York, one at least of the parish of Rotherham, is always to be preferred, if any of the parish in the judgment of those who choose them is found fit.” Cap. Io. - I am unaware of any well advised and well supported endeavour having been made to procure the restitution of these important rights and privileges, which were unquestionably at one period pertaining to, enjoyed, and exercised by the town or parish of Rotherham, in virtue of the above statutes, as testified to by Mr. Sherbrook, of Wickersley, in 1591. If they are irretrievably lost, it would be some satisfaction to know how and why they are so. The advantages then available, were the conditions on which special large endowments were secured to Lincoln College by the founders; of these, as we know, Archbishop Rotherham is said to have been half-founder, and presumably, was so in order that his grand designs in favour of his native town, might be effectually promoted to their complete fulfilment. It may be assumed, therefore, that the endowment of Lincoln College then made by him for this special object, still forms the same portion of the possessions from which its revenues are now derived as it did then, although the local object for which that portion of the revenue was thus provided, has so long lapsed. The Rotherham Grammar School, of which it is assumed these were the pendent, has never lapsed; so that the privileges pertaining to it in virtue of these recited statutes were morally inalienable, and ought in equity and honour to be yet available. A great deal might be urged in support of claims upon Lincoln College, which it might be assumed would be proud to promote in perpetuity, the interests of any existing institution established by the founder to whose munificence it is so largely indebted: and to such institution it might rightly feel itself placed in the executive relationship of protector and promoter in his stead, and with a feeling of satisfaction, that an opportunity still existed wherein a thankful remembrance could be manifested by Lincoln College, in holding up and aiding the remnant of Archbishop Rotherham's College at Rotherham. We have stated on the authority of Anthony Wood, that the late master becoming a noted Royalist, was forced at the beginning of the civil wars to leave Rotherham. Hunter says, “we may perceive with what enthusiasm the people at large entered into the contest, when we see that even the schoolboys of Rotherham fought against the earl with courage and pertinacity, about thirty undertaking the management of a drake which was planted at the entrance of the bridge, and which did considerable execution. Captain Francis Errington, of Denton, in Northumberland, was slain.” Surely the names of the thirty heroes Qſìje (5 rammar $ti, Go!. 343 of that local Thermopylae ought to have been permanently recorded ! But we are not cognizant of the names of more than one of them being rescued from dark oblivion, and that is by Calamy (who has done so much and so well in that line), as follows:—“Mr. Thomas Rose. He was born near Sheffield, and went to school at Rotherham; which being assaulted by a party of the King's forces in the time of the civil war, he, and about thirty more of the schoolboys there, got a small piece of artillery planted at the entrance of the bridge, and played upon them as they came down the hill, so as to do great execution, whereas the fire of the enemy flew over their heads. Thus they saved the town.” All honour to these thirty plucky, and we will hope high-principled lads of the grammar school; but we can now see why poor loyal Charles Hoole had to vacate the mastership. The Grammar School does not seem to have been fortunate in acquiring benefactions. During the long periods which elapsed, say from the time of the civil wars, when it was evidently in great repute, to the present; and these times were not unfrequently marked by vigorous and liberal efforts for the promotion of scholastic institutions; only in one instance does the Grammar School seem to have attracted notice in this direction. In 1608 the following Deed of Gift was executed:— - To all Christian people to whom these presentes shall come to be seene redd or heard Robert Okes of Rotheram in the countie of York yeoman sendeth greeting in our Lord God everlasting Knowe yee that the said Robert Okes for divers especiall respectes and good causes and consideracions him thereunto moving Hath given graunted enfeoffed and confirmed and by these presentes doth clearly and absolutely give graunt enfeoffe and conferme unto Nicholas Mountney of Rotheram aforesaid gentleman and Thomas Dickensen of Rotheram aforesaid yeoman and their heires All that moytie of one messuage tenement or cotage with thappurtenances situate in the west end of the towne of Dalton alias little Dalton in the said countie and of one croft thereunto adioyning and of eleven acres of land medowe and pasture by estimacion with thappurtenances in Dalton aforesaid sometimes parcell of thinheritance of Thomas Wentworth of the street and lately purchased by Michaell Okes brother of the said Robert Okes of one Grene and now being in the seuerall tenures or occupacions, of Henry Brownell and Robert Jackson or of their or those of their assignee or assignees Together with all other landes tenements and hereditamentes in Dalton aforesaid Which discended to the said Robert Okes after the death of the said Michaell Okes And all writings &c. To have and to hold and to the said Nicholas Mountney and Francis Dickensen and their hieres forever upon speciall trust and confidence in them reposed by the said Robert Okes and to thintent that the said Nicholas and Francis and their hieres shall forever stand and be Feoffees and seazed "of the said moytie tenementes and premises to th uses intentes behooſes and purposes following that is to say to the vse of Elizabeth Okes late wife of the said Michaell during the terme of her naturall life And after her decease to those of the said Robert Okes for the terme of his life naturall And after the decease of the said Robert Okes Then to thuse of the Schoolmaister of the Grammar Schoole of Rotherham aforesaid for the time being from time to time forever so long as such Schoolemaister shall be found diligent and painfull in teaching Schollers in the said schoole Provided alwayes that if shall happen the said schoole to be voide or not provided of a sufficient Schoolmaister or that such Schoolmaister as shall be then placed be negligent carlesse or idle in his place at or in the iudgment of the said Nicholas and Francis or their heires That then the said Nicholas and Francis 344 33 otherijam. and their hieres and assignes shall during such time and times onely of want of School- maister or such negligenc carlessnesse or ydleness as aforesaid ymploy convert and bestowe the rentes and profittes arising from the said moyitie tenementes and premisses to the Releif and succor of the porest and most aged and impotent sort of the inhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram aforesaid for the time being at the discretion of the said Nicholas and Francis and their heires And to aid for none other vses intentes or purposes then is abovemencioned - - - - - - - - - And further know yee that the said Robert Okes hath by these presents constituted authorized made and in his place putt his well-beloved freind Thomas Nell of Dalton yeoman his true and lawfull attorney to enter into &c. - - - - - - In witness whereof the said Robert Okes hath hereunto putt his hand and seale Dated the eight and twentieth day of March anno regni domene Regis Jacobi deo gratia fidei defensor &c Anglis Francie et hibernie sexti et Scotie quadragesimo primo anno domini 16o8 R O Memorandum of full and peaceable possession &c In connection with this the accounts of the Feoffees have— Paid to Francis West for drawing and ingrossing the conveyance of the landes late Michell Okes which about the same yere were conveyed by Robert Okes brother and next heire to the said Michell to N Mounteney and Francis Dickinson to the use of the Schoole” ę e © tº º e ... O 5 O INQUISITION made 28 September 11 year Jas. I. at Rotherham. The names of the jurors sworn, were Francis Dickinson of Rotherham, gent., George West of Marsbrough, gent, Francis Lambert of Tickhill, gent, Richard Warde of Bramley, Rafe Broughton of Bentley, John Staniforth of Darnall, George Wainewright of Haugh, John Flecther of Billam, Henrie Hirst of Dalton, Thomas Justice of Carrhouse, Thomas Stead of Hooton Levett, Nicholas Hacket of Tickhill, Thomas Spencer of Morthing, Robert Darley of Conysbrough, and Robert Hall of Rawmershe (among others). The said jury did also present and saie that the said Robert Okes deceased hath likewise by Deed in writing given to the said Nicholas Mountney gent and Francis Dickensen of Rotheram aforesaid, William Draper and their heires forever as feoffees in trust certaine lands and tenementes being within the lordshipp of Dalton in the said countie, of the yearlie value of thirtie three shillings and fourpence which said yearlie rent is to be by them perceaved and paid yearlie for ever for and towards the maintenance and allowance of the maister and usher of the free schoole of Rotheram aforesaid for the time beeng or to the poore of the same towne at the discretion of the said feoffees and is soe employed accordinglie And we doe alsoe order decree and adjudge that all the lands and tenements in Dalton and which in the said inquisition are presented and found to bee given by Robert Okes deceased to Nicholas Mountney and Francis Dickinson of Rotheram and their heires for ever as feoffees in trust of the yearlie rente of thirtie three shillings and fourepence shall for ever hereafter or the rentes or profitts thereof comming be lette imployed and disposed by the said churchwardens for and towards the maintenance and allowance of the maister and usher of the free schoole of Rotheram at the discretion of the said feoffees as it now is imployed according to the guiſte thereof made and that the said churchwardens shall alwaies bee accomptable to the succeeding churchwardens from yeare to yeare for ever for profits or rents they shall receive of anie of the said lands soe given as aforesaid to thuse Qſìje (5tammar $ tijd Ol. 34.5 of the poore of Rotheram or of the schoolemaister or usher of the schoole there and for the better and more certaine continuance of all the said severall lands and rents above mencioned to thuse of the poore of the said towne schoolemaister and usher there according to the true intent of the severall guifts thereof wee doe order and decree that all the said feoffees or the heires of everie of them for everie parcell of the premises in which there is anie use or trust in them reposed by the severall donors above mencioned shall cause or suffer true copies to bee made of the severall assurances and writings above mencioned under their hands with testimonies of witnesses subscribed which shalbee delivered to the churchwardens of the said towne of Rotheram and putt to the writings of the towne of Rotheram which shall with them bee safelie kept for thuse of the poore there" As already remarked, the grammar school had for several centuries clung closely to the site of the college. It would very probably continue to occupy some portion of the dilapidated college premises during the mastership of Thomas Snell. It seems afterwards to have been moved to the opposite side of the street, and a little lower down, and this may have been the site of the place described in the Grant of 26 Eliz., I 583, “Also all our house or building called the schoolhouse in Rotherham aforesaid, in the street called Jesus Gate, in the occupation of Robert Saunderson.” The grammar school must then have indeed externally fallen from its high estate, as from the accounts of the feoffees we are now able to ascertain its exact position. In 1636 we have a charge “for repairing the schoolhouse, being in danger of fire by means of the common bakehouse, which was burnt this year, 15s. 2d.” The common bakehouse (previously “the Lord's bakehouse”) was in Jesus Gate, adjoining the old town hall. It would, in fact, be partly on the site of the house lately occupied by the grammar schoolmaster, at the little churchyard. It must then, however, have been some edifice in a ruinous condition, and of comparatively humble character, from the nature of the very frequent repairs it needed, appearing in almost every year's account in need of something being done in it or about it. A few items will show this. I6 Io. # S. d P" in repayring the scoulhouse • tº e e 7 2 P" for daubing and mosseinge the Scoulhouse and laying a new hearth stone in the chamber . º º º o • 2 8 Pay" vntou John Pytes for mossinge and rygeinge of the schoolehouse and pavinge at the bridge and other places . 7 6 - - I62o. Spent when Mr. Barrowe tooke possession of the school e 6 I629. - For a Dictionarie for the Free School e - e o 2O O 1634. There are twelve items for repaires done to the school at one time, including lime, hair, and nineteen days’ work (and widow Davenport for cleansing the schoolehouse and chamber, 8d.) together . tº e tº e e tº so . I 6 8 * Petty Bag, Chancery Decrees, part 7, No. 5. 44 346 - 33 otherham. 1673. The danger which threatened the school in 1636 overtook it this year, as one of the items which composes the total of the expenditure of the year is “money disbursed for repairing y” free school, being part of it burnt when y” bakehouse was burnt.” - 1706. Mr. Withers being then schoolmaster, disburses considerable sums of money for repairs of a house near the school, which the feoffees agree shall be appropriated to the said school when the rents and profits of the town's estates come into their hands, not exceeding £50. - I707. - S. d. Paid for building and repairing the house next the school for the schoolmaster, as by particular. © e © © 75 4 6 More than enough has been stated to show the reduced condition of the grammar School through some two centuries of comparative neglect, and through the insufficient remuneration of the master of the school, ſ4 half yearly being all this time the miserable stipend: less than the cost of the “Waits” and their livery. The building of a new town hall, by the feoffees, about 1739, brought this discreditable disregard of the remaining vestige of a grand advantage which the town had anciently enjoyed, to an end, as far as the schoolhouse was concerned since the noble room under the hall was then appropriated to this purpose. But for many years after this, indeed until 1810, the schoolroom was let to a school- master independently conducting it, and the stipend was paid to a classical master for giving lessons in Latin The Rev. Richard Burton performed this all but nominal duty for thirty years of the time, but it must be also remembered that the gratuity, ſº a year, was little more than nominal. In 1810 the Rev. Benjamin Birkett, a very good classical scholar, was appointed resident master of the grammar school, and a tolerably comfortable house in a very uncomfortable corner was built for him, and the Rotherham Grammar School once more, to the great credit of the feoffees of the period, assumed its legitimate form and appropriate proportions. For a considerable number of years it took a high and successful stand amongst the educational establishments of the town and neighbourhood. In 161 o the accounts give a strange conjunction of charges, for schoolhouse, 7s. 2d.; and for stocks, IIs. 6d. ; two hundred years after, in still more strange juxtaposition, the stocks and the pillory stand opposite the schoolhouse. In 1824 it was decided that the old town hall (under which was the grammar school), being in a ruinous and dangerous condition, should be removed. This was done, and a new dispensary, news room, library, &c., having, in 1827, occupied the site, the grammar school formed part of the plan adopted, though much to its detriment. The arrangement was so unsuitable as to destroy in a great measure the advantages previously enjoyed, and to such an extent as to necessitate another removal—a very important and spirited one, effectuated by the erection in 1857 of the present handsome establishment at Moorgate, at a cost of £1,300. This rehabilitation of grammar tuition at Rotherham, in a manner befitting and honouring its grand ancient origin and high renown, was significant of and creditable to the progress of the town, from a small but respectable market town, of some 3,000 inhabitants, to that of a borough town and important manufacturing district of more than 30,000 population. The small endowment of ſIo 1 5s. 4d. entitles six boys to receive instruction in grammar only, but the liberality of the masters of later years has added that of a good commercial education, and the annual examinations for many years have Qſìje (3rammar $tijd Ol. 347 exhibited highly-gratifying results. The endeavour of this perhaps too tedious detail has been to determine the continuity of our present grammar school with “the grammar learning” for which Rotherham appears to have been distinguished, even previously to the erection of Jesus College by Archbishop Rotherham, as an expression of his generous desire that other youths should share the benefits he had enjoyed in the same place. - There can be no question but that it is in direct and unbroken line of descent from Jesus College of the fifteenth century, or that its success and high-standing were for a period of time as eminent as its origin, until it was swept away by one of those atrocious acts of political vandalism, which imprinted an indelible blot on the character of the age, and inflicted an irreparable injury on the place so cruelly and causelessly wronged. - There can be no doubt either that in more recent times Rotherham Grammar School, and the college privileges connected with it, produced other learned men whose names are unfortunately now unknown, but of whom we are told that “about the beginning of the last century, an annual meeting was held at Rotherham of clergymen and gentlemen who had been educated at St. John's College, Cambridge.” . The following is as nearly a complete list of the masters of Rotherham Grammar School, as can at present be ascertained. - Mr. John Bockyng . tº ſº te © . º tº º . I483 Mr. Robert Collier” tº tº <> © ſº o † & I 529 Mr. Drapour (Henry VIII. Valor) . . e (e. e . I 539 Mr. Thos. Snell (35 years old at the dissolution) e { } c I 549 There at the time of Queen Elizabeth's Decree e wº . I 56 I Mr. Robert Sanderson (patent roll 26 Eliz.) . º e * I 583 Mr. Barrowe . g tº tº © * e º © . I62o Mr. Charles Hoole (Civil Wars) . º • a e e I645 Mr. Withers . • • ſº º . o * ge . I 704. Mr. Stevenson * > I725 The gratuity at this period was £4 half-yearly.—(And the same to the “ Waits.”) (There was a new school and town hall built costing £889 os. 1d.) 1739 to 1743 Rev. Mr. Davies Pennell . o © * A © tº I746 John Russell. gº º o e º tº * wº o 1763 Mr. Tennant . e e tº tº wº e © º . I'776 Rev. Richard Burton . º tº e ſº e tº º 178o Rev. Benjamin Birkett e * gº * © g Q . I 8 Io Rev. Joshua Nalson Q gº e e & e e o I839 Mr. Fewtrell . e • • i.e. tº gº to . g . I 84 I (New grammar school erected at Moorgate) . * e & 1857 Mr. Long Phillips (Jan.) . © gº e º tº © . 1863 Rev. J. J. Christie (Dec.) e e e ge © {} * I864 Rev. G. Ohlson, B.A. . & © º e * * ſº . 1878 After ages of more or less obscuration, the school is now again emerging from it, and, “like the sun new risen,” gives promise of advancing day. I do hope, and indeed stedfastly believe, that the limited sphere to which its usefulness has for * March I 3th, I 529. Administration of the goods of Robert Collier, of Rotherham, master of the grammar School, was granted to Johane, his widow. 348 330th crijam. centuries been confined, will be so extended, and that at no distant day, as to bring back to Rotherham its ancient grammar school renown; and it may be that again the bench of bishops may be adorned by prelates who will be proud to acknowledge having proceeded from “the severe and exact” Rotherham Grammar School. In this era of abounding wealth, and with neighbouring and highly honourable examples of munificent appropriation of it, why should not some grand emulative resuscitation of the College of Jesus be reasonably anticipated, so that the Rotherham of to-day, in its great material growth, may be correspondently celebrated as a seat of learning; and as such, why should not the present enlightened and liberal age honour and be honoured by the precious prestige of the glorious past. One noble college is now lifting up its battlemented walls and conspicuous turrets at Higher Moorgate, as significantly suggestive that good letters are yet successfully cultivated, and that as in the olden time when mental force was developed and solid learning flourished, so again there may be “many youths of quick intelligence” claim as then, culture and a home. And in furtherance of such a noble distinction, why should not the present tenfold energy and affluence of the people of Rotherham, emulate the example of its early princely prelate, and the College of Jesus again lift up its head and attain its ancient renown, demonstrating that wealth has higher uses than that of personal gratification, ostentatious display, or sordid accumulation: and why should not Rotherham once again, after the lapse of obscured centuries, become eminent, with its two colleges, in cordial scholastic conflict and genuine and generous rivalry, as to which of their co-ordinate candidates should from time to time be awarded the four restored fellowships of Lincoln College, and such other irrespective scholastic distinctions as Oxford and Cambridge shall, by the munificence of the place and age, be enabled to confer? “So I awoke, and behold it was a dream,” “But if thou would cast all away as vain I know not but 'twill make me dream again.” John BuNYAN. The Grammar School. #|HE rich and extensive range of the Lordship of Rotherham, with # its ecclesiastical and manorial revenues, rights, and privileges (with many other rights) has passed away from under the rule of the House of Rufford. The solemn and imposing services of the sanctuary have been shorn of their supreme authority and superb display. The College of Jesus, that munificent exemplification of Christian love and local patriotism, so “sumptuously builded ” and so amply endowed as, in the hopes of the princely and pious founder, to be and to remain “a perpetual college” in his native town, has, for all the grand purposes contemplated and provided for by him, by most sudden and sacrilegious doom passed away, and - “Like the baseless fabric of a vision Left not a wreck behind.” Different times and important changes have ensued. In the pre-reformation period there were institutions of several kinds, through means of which, different phases of local rule, fiscal management, and social and religious fraternity, were developed and directed. The Court-leet of the lord of the manor was the one most important, as by its juries and their officers, all the customary regulations of the district were made and enforced. During the Roman Catholic regime greaves were appointed for different departments of the town, by whom levies were made for the regular supply of wax-lights, required for the several altars and chantries in the daily church services. They were called “Greaves of Our Lady's Lights,” whose office it also was to provide and keep in store, the necessary suits of armour and weapons of warfare, and other martial equipments, required for the “musters,” for which during a long period of time every town or place had to contribute its allotted complement of men, fully equipped for national defence. - * In July 27th, 1631, instructions were issued by and on holidays, these exercises should take place. the Privy Council for “musters, and the arms thereof.” Afterwards, it would appear, that days of training were containing sundry regulations about drill and the arms appointed at different places, and about 4d. a day was proper for each class of men. It was enjoined among paid to the men. other things, that upon Sundays, after evening prayer, 35O 33 otherijam. Social and religious gilds and brotherhoods were also widely prevalent, many of which were possessed of large properties and exercised great power. Of these institutions the Court-leet alone survived the dispersions and disintegrations which the Reformation brought about, and which within the present generation exercised its wholesome, if somewhat antiquated jurisdiction, throughout the kingdom. The Court-leet was the local legislature of everyday life. The rolls of this ancient court, which are unfortunately lost, would have furnished the most authentic pictures of civic rule, the most interesting delineations of local delinquencies, and of the petty contentions of all ranks and conditions who had a grievance to prefer and be adjudicated upon in such a homely and inexpensive form. The following is a copy of a roll of the Court-leet holden at Rotherham for King Henry VIII., in the 28th of his reign, I 537, the manor having then come into his hands on the dissolution of the Abbey of Rufford, with whom, as we have before seen, it had so long been vested. RoTHERHAM." The Constables appointed for Rotherham were John - - - - for Bridgate & one Thos. Denman for Westgate, which are the only Streets or Gates mentioned in these rolls. - At the Court-leet were tried all Pleas of small value under 40s. The Suitors of this Court as set down in the rolls of 27th and 28th of Henry VIII. were the Earl of Shrewsbury, the Earl of Cumberland, Thomas Reresby, Esq., Henry Fitz William, Esq., the heirs of John Mountney, Esq., Thomas Wentworth, Esq., John West, Gent. In the 37th Henry, at which time the Earl of Salop was in possession of the Manor (whose father, George, was only before a suitor) the chief suitors were Henry, Earl of Cumberland, the heirs of Fitz William, Thomas Wentworth, Esq., Lionell Reresby, Esq., Master of Rotherham Colledge, the heir of John Mountney, Esq., John Fitz William, Esq., Comonalty of Rotherham, Feoffment of the Chantry of the Blessed Mary, Chantor of Carr, Feoffment of St. Catharine, &c. The pains we find laid at this Court in Henry VIII. and Edward VI. times were for selling unwholesome flesh, frays, putting diseased cattle on the common, and overstocking the same, not putting the swine before the Swineherd, laying skins in the broad water, breaking hedges, making ring fences about the Town fields, the bellman for not scouring the brook, for putting filth into the brook, keeping men's servants in their houses after eight at night, that none kept no sheep but for their portions above six to an acre, breaking the common pin-fold, the swineherd for not keeping the Swine well, not voiding their dunghills before St. Luke's day, letting their wains stand in the street above a night and a day, harbouring valiant beggars, that the miller grind the corn of the inhabitants before the country, that none wash clothes or puddings in the Domine Well, persons keeping servants in their houses in matin or communion time, washing filthy things or puddings in the well called St. Ann's well, laying ashes or dung at the Church Steil, casting ashes or dung in the lane that lies by the Talbot, casting dung or filth in the new dyke by the Colledge side, ringing of Swine, keeping men's servants, prentices, or children in their houses at play either night or day, selling bread at Church Steil on Sundays or holidays in communion time, not cleansing watercourses and setting them in the right way in which they have been accustomed, keeping cattle of merchandise, keeping * From Hunter’s M.S. Notes on Yorkshire, Brit. Mus., Add. M.S. 24, 439, pp. 81-83. Qſìje (Tourt 33 art it. - * 35 I cattle of the common before Lammas day, waiving (?) baulks, tethering amongst stacks, keeping in of closes when the same should lie open, unlawful gaming, and keeping bowling alleys, selling leather contrary to the statute, selling corn in any man's house on the market day, and not bringing it into the King's market, persons keeping it in their houses, any person bringing any burthens of wood out of the lord’s wood, persons carrying or re-carrying any corn from the lord's milne, sheering of grass, that the common bakers shall bake for household bread at #d, a mett, and they to have the sale bread at ¥d. 4d. per mett, persons for not shewing their - – to the Byerley men. These pains or any other laid in Court were commonly ordered to be published by the bayliff in the Church as I find them commanded in 1553, together with their not doing suit. In this Court were likewise the Constables, the searchers of the Market for flesh and fish and leather, and the Ale-tasters were appointed, reliefs paid, heirs found, and other business transacted as is usual in all Courts. The perquisites of this Court were then very small, the yearly profits, 37 Henry VIII., arising but to 24s. 4d., and in 6* Edward VI. 47s. 4d. The inhabitants were obliged to grind their corn at the Lord's mill, a custom of long continuance; on 5* October, 1546, a pain is laid that everyone carrying or recarrying any corn forth of town from the lord’s Milne should pay 13s. 4d., which is now further forbidden under the penalty of £5." Further, that none that are allowed for themselves to keep any querns shall let any other person or family grind at it under the like penalty;-this arbitrary restriction seems to be met on the other hand, as in a Roll of Court made 3 Oct’, 2" Edward VI., I find one Swyft, the Miller, amerced Ios. for not grinding the corn of the inhabitants of the Town of Rotherham before that belonging to the country folks. Some further particulars follow of the protracted contention above referred to, which even at this distant period of time, cannot but be regarded with interest. [Case as to Customary Mills at Rotherham."] The cause here depending by English bill between Henry Howard second sonne of the right hon” Henry Earle of Arundell & Surrey plt. and Ellen Dickenson Widd and Thomas Owen defts, being appointed to be heard the last terme and being then not heard by reason of other business of the court the same was continued in the paper of causes for the first Munday of this Terme being the sixth and twentieth day of January last on which day upon hearing of the plts. counsell and reading and Affed" of Wm. Simpson of serving the sº defend" with proces to heare judgment and upon reading of their answeares they making default of appearing. It was then ordered by the Court that the sº cause should be further heard this day and then the Court would consider of costs for the sº plt. nowe upon opening of the sº Bill by Mr Ayres of Counsell with the sº ple, the ple. setting forth by his Bill that he is seized of the Mannor of Rotherham and of two Water Corne Mills standing upon the river of Dunn in Rotherham afores" within the sº mannor which mannor and mills were aunciently parcell of the possessions of the crowne, and that * This customary right was in after years, in some degree, called into question by Sir John Reresby, in whose memoirs, recently re-issued, the following statement is found. Dating about 1676, he says, “Some three years before, being sued by the Duke of Norfolk for my carrier's coming into Rotherham to fetch grist to Ickles Mill, I had a verdict at York; the year after his Grace brought it about again, and got a verdict against me; and this Summer it being tried the third time, the verdict was this, that such persons as were tenants to the Duke, or the Manor, ought to grind at the lord’s mill, that such of the inhabitants as were not (as several of them were) had right to grind where they pleased. My Lord Chief Justice North seemed very partial to the Duke in the hearing of this cause; however he could not gain the point contended for, which was to have Rotherham an entire soke, where ºries ought to come in to fetch corn but the Ord’s.” - * Exchequer Decrees (Queen’s Remembrancer side). York, Monday, 9th February, Hilary Term, 14th and 15th Charles II., f. I32. 352 330th trijam. all the tennants Freeholders and Copyholders of the sº mannor and all other tennants resyants and inhabatants within the sº Mannor of Rotherham ought and are bound by auncient vsage and custome time out of minde to bring and send all there corne and graine which they spend in their houses within the sº mannor and to grinde the same at the s” Rotherham Mills and not elsewhere and setting forth that the sº defts. vse a horse mill within the said mannor and have substracted much of the suite and mucleture from the aforesd. Watter Corne Mills, wherein the sº ple. prayed releife and upon reading of the s” defend" aunswere wherein they confesse the vsing of a horse mill within the mannor whereof the sº deft. Thomas Owen is tennant vnder the sº deft. Ellen Dickenson and the grinding of malt of some of the inhabitants of the said mannor at the sº horse mill and upon hearing of S. Jeffery Palmer Knt. and Baronett his Ma" Atturney Generall and Sir Robertt Attkyns K* of the Bath the Queenes Sollicitor on the behalfe of the sº plt. Counsell attending for the sº defend" and upon reading of a Fine and diverse deedes proving the plts title to the sº two watermills and upon reading of the deposicions of severall witnesses examined in this cause It is this day ordered and decreed by this court that the sº defts shall not fetch any corne or grayne of any tennants resyants or inhabitants of or within the sº Mannor of Rotherham which is to be spent in their houses vnto their s' horsemill and that they shall not grinde any corne or grayne of any the resyants tennants or inhabitants of or within the s” Mannor of Rotherham which is to be spent in their houses at their sº horse mill vnlesse cause be shewed to the contrary the first Monday the next terme - [ABSTRACT.]" Recites, that the hon Henry Howard in Mich" Term 12 Car. II. had exhibited his English bill into this Court agst. Helen Dickenson & Thomas Owen setting forth “that Henry Earle of Arundell and Surrey the sº compts father was heretofore lawfully seized of the Mannor of Rotherham in the County of Yorke and of two watter corne mills standing upon the River of Dunn in Rotherham afores" within the sº mannor and of all the toll suite token mucleture and dutys for grinding corne & graine for all the tennants both Free and by coppy and all other dutys customes rights and previledges belonging to the sº mills and mannor respectively; which sº mannor and mills were aunciently in the time of King Henry VIII. parcell of the possessions of the crowne and by the sº King graunted by his Letter Pattents to George Earle of Shrewesberry his heires and assignes, rendring the yearely rent of forty six pounds fiftene shillings and five pence to the sº King his heires and successors and that the sº mannor of Rotherham and mills are by divers meane conveyances come unto the sº plt. who is nowe lawfully seized thereof and is chargeable to pay the s” rent unto his ma"; Further sheweing that all the tennants Freeholders and copyholders of the sº mannor and all other tennants resiants and inhabitants within the sº Manor of Rotherham ought and are bound by auncient vsage and custome time out of minde whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary to bring and lead all their corne & graine which they spend in their houses within the sº mannor & doe grind at the sº Rotherham mills and not elsewhere and have usually paid reasonable toll for the mulcture thereof Further sheweing that one Francis Dickenson deceased did in his life tyme erect and build a . certaine horse mill within the sº mannor and since his death the s” defend" Ellen Dickenson his widdow and relict hath continued the afores" mill and thereby hath substracted much of the suite and mulcture from the afores" Water Corne Mill persell of the sº mannor and by * Monday, 11 May, Easter Term, I 5 Car. II., fol. 157, 158. The (T. gutt 33 at 0 m. 353 the meanes of the sº defend" Thomas Owen a Miller and Carrier of corne to the afores" horsemill procured divers tennants of the sº mannor and resiants of the sº towne and parish who by the custome of the same are bound to grind at the afores" Water Corne Mills all the corne and grayne which they shall have ocasion to grind at the afores" horse mill and forbeare to grind their corne & graine at the compt” sº mills.” Plf prayed subpaena agst, the deft, to compell them to discontinue the use of the said mills and to discover how much corn has been ground at their mills & what profit they made. Defts replied that they did not know the custom, and thought that the inhabitants were at liberty to grind where they liked. Now recited what was done at last hearing of the case, & upon further hearing by Sir Mathew Hale Lº Chief Baron &c. “It is this day ordered adjudged and decreed by the Court that the sº defend" Ellen Dickenson and Thomas Owen or either of them shall not fetche any corne or grayne of any tennants resyants or inhabitants of or within the sº Mannor of Rotherham which is to be spent in their houses unto their sº horsemill and that they shall not grind any corne or graine of any the resyants tennants or inhabitants of or within the said Mannor of Rotherham which is to be spent at there houses at their sº horse mill.” - [ABSTRACT.]" Recites, that Henry L. Howard, Baron Howard of Castle Ryseing complainant has exhibited English Bill against Joseph Drew Ralph Woollen Thomas Greatwood and John Eaton defts. ; sets forth, that he is seized of the Manor of Rotherham with the two water corn mills & of all the toll grist & mill dutyes &c from the corn used by all the tenants, copy and freehold within the manor, that all the tenants & resiants in the manor are bound to bring their corn & pulse to be ground there, & not elsewhere, and that the defts have withdrawn their corn &c.; & asks that they may discover whether any other mill or querne has been erected by them in the said manor & how much has been ground there since 1664. Defendants appeared, and denied the custom. Counsell and witnesses heard, and the Court ordered it to be referred to a trial at law; the issue to be “whether all the tennants residants & Inhabitants of the said mannor ought by custom to grinde all their corne graine mault and pulse which they spend ground in their houses at the said mills or not,” & evidence used in the former case (Howard v. Dickenson & Owen) & be admissible in this. - [ABSTRACT.]” Recites, that the trial ordered in the last decree was had at the last summer assizes holden for York & verdict given for the defendants; now on hearing a desire that the Bill might not be dismissed, a new tryall ordered—full costs of the old trial to be borne by pltf. [ABSTRACT.]” Recites the cause depending in this Court & that it was referred to a trial at law on 17 June 24 Car II; “the Court being informed by Mº Sawyer of Councell with the defts that there had been three tryalls by order of this Court upon the said yssue the first of which had gone for the said defts the second for the plft. and that third verdict was given at the last assizes at Yorke before y” Lº Chiefe Justice North, That the tenants of the plts. said mannor ought to grinde at the Lords Mills but that the rest of the inhabitants were not by custom bound to grinde at the said mills,”—he therefore pleaded that as the said verdict was against the Custom laid in the said Bill & as the defts were only charged as inhabitants in Rotherham, they might be dismissed. This was ordered by the Court accordingly. - - - * Excheq Decrees, Trinity, 24 Car. II., f. 1 oz. ° Easter T., 26 Car. II., fo. 7. * Michº T., 28 Car. II., f. 326. 45 - 3.54 330th crijam. [ABSTRACT.]" Recites the whole case over again, and each of the three trials, and that being continued in the paper of causes it has now come to be heard over again;" Ordered that the plts. bill should be amended & he to pay £20 costs “and it appeareing to the Court that the said defts Joseph Drew Thomas Greenwood and John Eaton at the tyme of the exhibiteing of the plts. bill and before were and still are respectively tennants or vnder- tenants of the said manor & did & doe owe service to the plts. said Mannor of Rotherham & have and doe live within the said Towne of Rotherham & are such as by the custome of the said mannor in the said last verdict found ought to grinde at the plts. mills Itt is thereupon this day ordered adjudged & decreed by this court by consent that the said defts Joseph Drewe Thomas Greenwood & John Eaton shall each of them soe long as they shall respectively continue tennant or tennants & owe any service to the said Mannor of Rotherham or shall continue any vndertennant or vndertennants & any such tennants of the said mannor and live in Rotherham Towne grinde all their corne mault pulse & other graine which they spend ground in their houses at the plts. mills within the said Mannor of Rotherham & they from tyme to tyme send the same to bee ground there accordingly, the plts. servants agents lessees and assignes takeing a reasonable toll for the thereof provided alwayes that if the said defts. corne mault pulse or other grayne soe from tyme to tyme to bee sent & bee ground at the plt. said mills shall not bee ground in convenient tyme after it is brought thither (which convenient tyme this court thinkes to bee eight & forty houres) then it shall bee lawfull for the said defts. or any of them to take away their said corne mault pulse or other grayne which hath laine at the said mills eight and forty houres vnground & grinde the same at any other mill or mills, anything herein before conteined to the contrary notwithstanding.” [ABSTRACT.]” Recites, that the Hon. George Howard Esq. commonly called Lord George Howard and Samuel Vintin plts. had exhibited an English bill in this Court in the 4” Anne against Benjamin Boomer and clerely setforth, setting forth that Ld. Howard had for 12 years past been seized of the Manor of Rotherham with the two water corn mills standing on the River Dunn in Rotherham & of the toll suit grist & duties &” for grinding corn & raine “as well of the tenants both free and customary of the said manor & towne aforesaid and of all their under tennants and Farmers of any messuages lands or tenements within the said mannor dwelling or resideing within the said mannor or towne of Rotherham the said mills being antient corn mills held by the plt. Howard & his ancestors under a considerable fee farme rent payable yearly to the Crowne;” that Vintin was tenant of the same mills; that all tenants, freeholde & copyhold, within the said manor who owe suit to the manor & are resident, & all undertenants resident, owe suit & service to the said mills & ought to grind their corn there, the sd, mills being sufficient for the purpose & being at all times kept in good repair; & that no person within the said manor or town ought to set up any other mill or querne; that the deft. is a tenant or farmer inhabitant in Rotherham, but has of late withdrawn his suit & has ground great quantities of malt corn & grain at other mills & had “erected & set up diverse horse mills hand mills & quernes within or near the said manor” & thereby defrauded the plt. To which bill Deft. admitted plt's title to manor, & mills, but did not know what tolls belong to the sd. mills nor that the tenants inhabiting in the manor were obliged to grind there, that several tenants & resiants have set up quernes & other mills for many years past, & carriers have brought corn to be ground at their mills, without interruption; that he is a tenant of two messuages for wh. he pays chief rent to Lord Howard & being a considerable trader in malt erected a steel mill for the benefit of his customers. Plts. replyed & deft. rejoyned & the cause heard on 26 January last in Exchequer chamber at West" when the Decree made by this court on 5 Dec. 28 Charles II. (Howard v. Drew & others) was read, and it was then" * Mich. T., 28 Car. II., fo. 344". * Fo. 345, bottom. • Exch. Decrees. Easter, 7 Anne (fo. 27 back). Thursday, 29th April, 1708. * i.e., 29th January last. Qſì) : (Court 33 arom. 355 ordered that Boomer should grind his grain at the plts. mills & not elsewhere; Deft. had petitioned against this order on 23 Feb. last; but it is this day ordered & decreed that the said former Decree in all parts thereof is hereby confirmed. There was likewise a common or lord's bakehouse in the town, at which in-dwellers were to bake their bread, except those who bake for their own family, none were suffered to bake elsewhere, nor to erect any other house for that purpose—this seems more recent, as by a roll of Court made 3 October, 2" Edward VI. the common baker (this being plural we may suppose there were more than one) should bake household bread for ; the mett, and to sell their sale bread for ob the mett." The mills on the Don, one or both, would no doubt be somewhere on the stream at Milnegate, or one of them might be higher up, at Wheathill; but of the exact site there seems to be no trace or record. - The bakehouse was in Jesus-gate; it is referred to in many old deeds, and an ancient building used for this purpose by the town, was standing within fif years from the present time, abutting upon the old (not the oldest) town hall and grammar school. The bakehouse was a large, and very roughly constructed stone building, about thirty feet long, with an upper storey running all the length; no doubt to provide for the ample storage of wood fuel in earlier times, but in after times it was used by joiners for the quicker drying of sawn timber. There is a charge, in 1636, before referred to, “for repairing the schoolhouse, being in danger by means of the common bakehouse, which was burnt this year.” Jesus-gate, as it was then properly called, was at the beginning of this century, for almost its whole length, composed of low, dilapidated, and forlorn looking dwelling-houses, of which the “Boot and Shoe,” facing the Bridgegate end of it, was a very favourable and certainly the most picturesque specimen. From this representation of Jesus-gate must, of course, be excepted the old quadrangle of the “College Inn” and college buildings, with the large intervening open space between them. This, in fact, was at that period the recreation ground * From Hunter’s MS. Notes on Yorkshire, Brit. Mus., Add. MS. 24, 439. College Inn. 356 . 330therijam. of the town. In the season it was the favourite and much frequented quoit ground; as also the arena in which the horse-riders, the most popular performers of that time, exhibited their clever equestrian feats; and artful harlequin, by the exhibition of a few tempting prizes, succeeded in exchanging for the venturous shilling, a vast proportion of brown paper blanks. At the Fairs and Statutes it was the great centre of attraction, and it was especially so at the Hiring Statutes (commonly called the “Statis”), the rustic carnival of the year. Then brawny men, stout lads, and buxom country lasses mustered from the whole surrounding country, in high and unsophisticated glee, to renew with rough heartiness many an old acquaintance, and perhaps many a rustic vow. It was a time when village fathers and mothers met, with great delight, their sons and daughters who were living in different and distant services, and with them seemed again to renew their youth, and share with all the glee of the youngster the manifold amusements which crowded around them on every hand, and in every new and noisy form. But of all the wonderful exhibitions of which such a festival could boast, that of Wombwell's grand menagerie, with its vast, wonder-rousing pictures, and really clever band of music, deservedly distanced all competition. Those days of simple, hearty, honest enjoyment have passed away. Where are now the robust farming men with their smart and curiously braided smock frocks, and the long waggon whips, the emulative cracking of which in the church yard, was one of the sights (and sounds) of the day ?—and where, in their serviceable dresses, and simple but becoming finery, are the blooming country lasses, “when least adorned, adorned the most” The statute hiring fair, as such, has lost its use; and as a cheerful holiday for the re-union of country friends, its “farantley” character, and is now mainly a rendezvous for the disorderly and dishonest, for triflers and tricksters, and ought long since to have been abolished. From this mistimed digression due to past recollections, we must return to far more “olden times” and their claims to notice. The two following copies of ancient documents show that the laws and regulations respecting the common rights and occupation of the town fields, were carefully enforced and maintained, as were the interior regulations of the town. The first is to some extent occupied by the rectification of an infringement which had taken place, and which, although over 300 years old, refers to the yet older custom which had been observed, concerning the same rights and privileges of the inhabitants of the tCWn. - CERTAINE orders for the whole towne and Lordshipp of Rotherhm taken and made by the right honourable francis lord Talboot lorde of the same togeather wºº the consent and assent of the whole comons tenannts and all other thenhabitants of the aforesayd towne and lordshipp the vij" daye of Marche Anno Dni. 1572 as followeth. INP'MIs. That all closes that haue heeretofore beyne accustomed to be layde open wº the fallowe feilde shall so be contynewed and layde open withe the sayd fallowe feilds accordinge to the sayd custome and last ordre taken in the lords courte for the same. PRovidIDE that Maistres Whitmore by the Ordree of the sayd lorde shalbe sufferred for this yeere and no longer to keipe in and sowe a certayne close by Estwood callyd the newe close otherwyse the wheat close payinge for the same to the comons of the sayd towne as the sayd lord shall appoynte. ITM that the sayd Maistres Whitmore and her successours shall lay open the sayd close with the nexte fallowe of the crosefeilde and so to contynewe from tyme to tyme to be laid open w” the sayd crosefeilde so ofte as the same shalbe fallowe for eu'. Qſìje (to urt it; a run. 357 ITM that the sayd Maistres Whitmore and her successours with all others of the sayd towen and lordshipp shall quietlye permyt and suffre the sayd comons to putt their cattell into the same close and closes aftre sythe and syckle as hathe beyne accustomed without anie let or disturbance for euſ. * ITM that this sufferaunce for this yeere unto the sayd M." Whitmore shall not be piudiciall vnto the custom of the sayd comons nor example vnto anie other to do the lyke, but that bothe she and all other eli'heareaft' shall vse their sayd closes accordinge to the custome and ordre above Sayd. - ITM that whereas manie within the sayd towen and lordshipp have of late yeeres not onelye keipte in their sayd closes payinge money to the sayd comons for the so doing by reason of an ordre pºtended to be taken by the sayd towen for the same, but also have and yet do laye open some of the sayd closes w” wro (?) -- feildes. ... IT vs agreed, and orderid that all the sayd closes shalbe layde open ever hereaft' as well for the som' pasture as Wynter pasture wºout payinge or taking anie money for the same. AND that all closes from this tyme furthe shalbe layde open with those feylds whereout they weere taken accordinge to the old custome and last ordre taken for the same, anie custom or ordre of late yeeres vsed or taken notwithstandinge. IN WITNEs of all the above sayd orders the Sayd lord hath sette his hande and seale the daye and yeere above sayde. Anno Elizabeth Regine &c. Quinto decimo. - FRANCIS TALBOTT. That these “Certaine Orders” were subject to question is evident from the following curious cases and opinions thereon. Frequent disturbances appear to have taken place calling for legal settlement, as also on other points of law. They are indorsed “Mr. Richard Hutton's (and Mr. Barwicke's) opinions to certayne cases concerning the towne of Rotherham.” GOOD SIR g I doe here inclosed answer your case as I conceive to be agreeable to Law & to our bookes which you know are positive soe far as I expresse my selfe, but the latest & most plaine is the new Institute fol II.4, a man cannot (but at his election) be disseised of a rent charge or a Common which are inheritances that lye in grant, otherwise of land which lyes in livery & certenly the not using of Common, by reason of late agreements, hinders no man's common appurtenant, unlesse there be either extinguishment by unity of possession or releas in writing, neither of which will occur in your case. But it seemeth you doe for the present suffer some violent & forcible disturbances, the goods of Comoners being chased of, where there hath beene till now an usage of Common, in that case; this Court at Yorke will establish the possession as it was for 3 years before the disturbance. Although in the inclosures permitted and compounded for, by reason of the non-user, this court will leave it to a tryall at the Common Law. It is a common businesse els your Ios. fee should be returned you. I shall thank the Occasion which will be so troublesome to you as to bring you some tymes to this City, where none Soe glad to see you as your ancient and ever-assured frend to serve you. R. BARWICKE. Yorke 20 Decemb. 1617. I doe not advise your keeping of possession, by any more then your Comon heard & his servant, knowing how usuall & dangerous it is (where a multitude is concerned) to have Riots comitted. You may bring a Trespas for chasing out your goods, into which the defend. will plead his frehold & that he found them damage fesant, to which the plf replies, setting forth his right of common, & thereupon issue will be ioyned. Ita. Co. 436, Tiringles cas &c.; sec. Co. 6, Gatewood's cas." - [Indorsed.] To my worthy frend . Richard Mounteney Esquier, at Rotherham. [CASE.] The Inhabitantes of Rotheram have three Comon feildes for tillage whereof some lyeth fallowe everie yeare. Out of which seuerall feildes there be certaine parcelles ancientlie enclosed which notwith- standinge are usuallie cast open and lye fallowe and are used by the Commoners in generall as the feildes are whereout they were taken. - * These are supposed to refer to cases in Coke's reports. 358 330th crijam. A close called the Wheat Close was parcell of the crosse feild and taken thereout and was used as Comon with that feild as well in fallowe years, as after sithe and sickle, till about 47 years agoe. About which tyme the Lordes tenantes of that Close went about to break that Custome and haveinge lesse fallowe in one feild then in another kept yet enclosed, when yet should lye open with the Crosfeild, and cast yt open with another feild. The inhabitantes have cast open this Close yearlie att their usuall tyme with the Crosse feild and proclaimed their Common therein, but yt hath bene enclosed againe. Complaynt thereof beinge made to the Lord Frauncis Talbott in March 1572 beinge then in possession of the Mannor of Rotheram for liffe or intaile, his Honor ordered that yt should goe with the Crossefeild, whereout yt was taken and that for that yeare the Commoners should suffer his tenaunte being a widowe to have her cropp of wheat which she had sowen there. But that, that breach should be noe president to any other his tenantes succedinge nor anie preiudice to the Comoners to clayme their former Common. Whether notwithstandinge this sufferance of enclosure with a contrarie feild the Commoners maye still clayme and have their Comon with Crosfeild in the said Close, or noe. I am of opinion clerly that the title of comon is as good and may as lawfully be used and had in the wheat close which was taken oute of crossefeild, when the comon in Crossefeild is to be used, as they had or might have done before it was taken oute of Crossefeild for to this purpose it doeth remaine and continew parcell of Crossefeild still and the claime yearly although they have not pursewed the order of the Lord Francis Talbot but suffered it to be agane inclosed will sufficiently together with the order prove ther title of Comon ther as well as in the Crossefeild. - RICHARD HUTTON 1615. [CASE, & OPINION]. To have Counsell, for a Closse called the wheat Closse which hathe benne accustomed to goe with the Crose feelde which wee cann prove 47 yeres since. And since that tyme yt hathe benne kepte in by one Whytmore & others with another feelde called michell feld contrarye to our custome & frome the feld called the Crose feld frome whence yt wase taken, and at the tyme accustomed yt hathe benne throwne open with the sayd Crosse feeild, and presentlye by the occupyars hathe benne hedged up ageann, and the occupiars therof wase amercyed in the Lo: Court, and the Lord Francis Talbot beinge then Lo, made an order the 7th of Marche I572 under his hand & seall as apearithe by the same, that the afforesd. Closse should lye fawghe & goe with the sayd Crosse feld frome whenc yt was taken, To know wheather this order standithe good lonnger thenn the lyffe of the said Lord Talbot haveinge noe yssue. I am of opinion that the title of Comon is a [s] good and may as lawfully be used in that ground taken oute of Crosse feild when you have the comon in Crosse feild, as you had before it was taken from it. - RICHARD HUTTON. [QUESTIONS, & ANSWERS BY THE SAME HUTTON]. - - Thomas Woodhouse enfeoffeth Rich. Mounteney & Robt. Okes & their heires of certaine lands to thuse of the pore of Rotherham. The feoffees are both dead thone of their heires at age, but the heire of the survivor not at age. Qy. What course to be taken for thassuring of thes landes to new feoffees. And whether thes landes being given for releif of the porest sort Ther may be course taken upon the statute to ymploy part therof for the mayntenance of an vsher for the instructing of the children of the porest sort. [OPINION]. He can do nothing till he come to full age, and he can not hurt or prejudice the title of the poore, and when he comes to age he is compellable to make new feffees. RICHARD HUTTON. The feoffees of the Comon landes of Rotheram make a lease of a messuage & landes to Robt. B. & George his sonne & their assignes for 21 yeres with covenaunt & promise that yf any of them assigne without consent vnder handes & seales then to re-enter. - The Leassees are both dead, their administrators without consent assigneth. Qy. whether in this case we may enter not having yet accepted the rent. [OPINION]. The covenant is broken, and the condition is to performe the covenant and the (?) by expresse wordes goes to the executor or administrators to refraine his assignement as give]n withoute licence. Qy. In what manner we may make a re entre in this case ? Seale a leas for 3 or 4 yeares upon the ground and let him bring an accion of Ejec'm'. RICHARD HUTTON 1615. Qſìje (T. gurt 36 at 0 m. 359 The singular handwriting in which the cases are drawn, and the abbreviations used by the lawyers, almost defy correct rendering. The terse and direct style of Mr. Hutton contrasts singularly enough with Mr. Barwicke's legal phraseology; Mr. Barwicke's hint that but for being “a common business the fee of Io.s. should be returned to you” has a pleasant and friendly feeling in it! - The second “Customarye’ deals very fully and specifically with the proper ordering of the rights and privileges of the towns-people in relation to their “Common Fields.” THE CustomARYE of the towne of Rotherham touching the depastureing of their feildes stinting of their Commons and diuers other orders &c WHEREAs the towne of Rotheram ys a great towne and not so great as greatly inhabited with Artificers and pore men of occupacions and trades and very little ground belonging to the said towne and their Commons very small for the releif of such a multitude and for the better relefe & mayntenance of the said inhabitantes such good orders heretofore hath bene taken and sett downe in our Court leete by the cheif lord of the said mannour & inhabitantes thereof as here after shalbe expressed and declared And for the better observing and kepeing of the said orders & customes there hath bene euerye yeare from tyme to tyme and tyme out of mynd fower byrelawmen elected and chossen at the great court holden at Easter by the Jury of the said leete & sworne by the steward of the same that the said byrelawmen shold see all such good orders & Customes observed & kept first our Common ys a stynted pasture & that euery man knowes his rate & stynte (that ys to say) that euery Cotagger aswell the pore as the riche shall haue going & depasturing vpon the said Common towe monthes that ys to say towe bease or towe horses or a beast & a horse & no moe vnlesse yt be a farmer that hath a plowe tylte & kepeth a teame of oxen then the said farmer haveing a plowe teilt within the said Lordshipp shall have so many Cattell as he doth commonly drawe in his teame for the maynteynance of the said plowe teilte within the said Lordshipp and mannour of Rotheram & also further yt ys accustomed & agreed from tyme to tyme & tyme out of mynde that euery inhabiter dwelling within the said Lordshipp and mannour may kepe for euery acre of arable land that he hath in the towne feildes of Rotheram in tillige six shepe & that the said shepe shalbe kepte from mayday till lammas vnder the hye way of the more leading towardes Whystone commonly called the hye gate or london way & yf the said sheepe be taken aboue the said hye way that then the byrelawmen or pynder may take the same sheepe & drive them to the common pynfold & there impound & kepe the same tille the owner thereof doe come or send for the same & pay to the takers thereof for their pound shipp after the rate of fower pence a score & the said bylawmen ys to present the same vpon theire othes to the Jury of the next leete holden in the same mannour & the Jury to amercy them to the lord of the said mannour & also yf the said inhabitantes doe surcharg the common with moe Cattelle then they are rated & stynted to have that then they shalbe ympounded & amercied in the like mannere & also yt hath bene accustomed from tyme to tyme & tyme out of mynde that yf the said bylawmen or pynder do fynd at any tyme any cattell of straungers that ys to say of any that doth inhabite & dwell without the Lordship that then the bylawmen or pynder shall & may take all such cattelle as they fynd going resting or depasturing vpon the same common & drive the same to the common pynfold of Rotheram & there to kepe the same till the owners of the said cattelle come or send & pay for the same at the discretion of the said bylawmen & pinder or els at the discretion of the bayliff & Some honest inhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram also yt ys further accustomed from tyme to tyme & tyme out of mynde that the inhabitantes of the said towne at harvest tyme soe sonne as hey and corne ys gotten & caryed away from the ground that then the inhabitantes may bring their horses & teather after sythe & sickle through out all the whole feldes with out restreaynt or gayne sayinge of the owners of the same grounde & also that they the said inhabitantes may kepe their horses & cattelle after lammas day in the 360 3&otherham. common feldes so they hurt noe corne & hey nor kepe noe moe then theyr stynt And also yt ys accustomed & hath bene tyme out of mynde for the better releife & maynteynance of the said pore inhabitantes that on the morrowe after michaelmas day the byrelawmen the constables the pynder with some other the inhabitantes of the towne shall goe about the feldes & cast open such certeyne closes as heretofore hath been accustomed to be cast open that all mens goodes may goe rest & depasture therein with as large & fre liberty as in the comon towne feldes with egresse & regresse to & from the same without the gayne saying or restraynt of the owners thereof aswell in the closes of the cheif lord or lordes of the mannour as of other freholdes within the same towne - THIS CUSTOMARIE contayned in the Eleaventh leafe of this [the Feoffeel booke was shewed vnto Francis West gentleman at the tyme of his examinacion before vs the Foureteenth day of November 1638 THoMAs VINCENT HENRY LEADBETTER RICHARD BURRow ES In 1617. M". That after this reckoning [passing the year's accounts] came John Nowell tenant to Thomas Cock at Moregate who having his swyne taken grazing upon the more and ympounded for the same yelded himself a trespasser and thereupon had his Swyne delivered againe without any suite. testibus F. West & multis alijs. The reason of this ympounding was that he had not an auncient comoning cotage but onely that which was but lately erected by Thomas Cock there. And far greater reason ys yt thought to be by diurse of good Judgment that no Inmates or sublettells who are suffred to crepe in to the great charge of the towne shold be suffred to have any liberty or priviledge upon the Comon eyther for Swyne or geese being cattell not commonable at all especially upon a stynted pasture. The casting open of the closes seems to have grown into a rude annual festival, with charges as under:- I624. Item for 2 Cheeses 5 Dozen of Bread and I2 or 13 Gallons of Ale bestowed of the Byrelaw men & pore beggers at the Gallowtree hill at their meeting there on the morrow after Michaelmas day last to cast open certeine closes accustomed then to be cast open . . xixº iiiji Only two of the accounts of the byerlawmen have been found, but these are quite sufficient to show how their duties were discharged, and from these papers it is evident that the officers must have required a quick eye and firm hand. The Byerleys byl/. John Archdale, Henry Swift, John Tayler, in A° 1578. S. d. Robert Bunting for tethering 2 horses among the hey cockes . tº . I2 Thomas preston for tethering 2 horse in lyke maner . º e e I2 William Fletcher for tethering I horse in lyke maner . • e ſº 6 Robert White for kepynge a horse on the comon beinge not a townsman I6 Robert Sheperd the younger for kepynge 2 horses on the comon beinge taken 2 tymes . e º º © e º º e •º e 4 William Peyte for kepynge 2 horses on the comon beinge takyn . e 2O Leonard Browne for kepynge a horse on the comon & dwellinge in a cotage not allowed to common as we thinke . tº º º º I6 William Heyle for dryving 20 Shepp thorowe the fallowynges being not -- 6 William Hoyle for tethering 2 horses amonge the corne stackes . e I6 Heugh Johnson for tetheringe I horse among the corne stackes . • 8 The same Heugh for over pressing the common with one horse . e I 2 William Bagge for kepyng a horse on the common and cannot - - - - . I 2 Heugh Swift for tetheringe I horse among the corne stackes . º I2 John Hochensone for tethering his horse in the standinge grass gyvinge the pynder evyll wordes . º tº e º © • . 6 The Court Baron. 361 S. d. John Slacke for tetheringe 2 horses among the hey cockes . & º I 2 Rowland Cawthorn . º I2 We do amercye Wm. Wade for his sheepe beinge taken upon our moore & his cattell taken in our towne feildes . º & e º & 5 Alexander Chuster for tethering a horse amonge the corne stackes and having an unlawful tether being to small contrarye the by lawe . Roger Woodhowse for tetheringe his horse amonge the hey stackes John Hubberd for tethering a horse among the hey cockes º Wylliam Wightman for over pressyng the common with one cowe Tho. Senyour for tethering a meere having a foole among the corne Stackes . º s e e o e e º o - . . I2 Wylliam Fletcher for one gapp at Doncaster gate heade lyinge open 2 dayes . º º tº º ſº º o & e © e 4 Robert Donke & Staplesmith's man for breking the yate between Herringthorpefeld & Rotherhamfeld, either of them I.2d. . to º The same being made vpp agayn Wylliam Eyrsley breake the same yate agayne. Quia non manet infra jurisdictionem hujus curiae. - HENRY SWYFT. : Earm. John Jessop ded kepe 42 cattal on the comon contr. order being deere Cattal . o wº 4. Roth ERHAM. Curia tenta ibidem secundo die Octobris Presented by the Byerlawmen Thomas Benson Thomas Senyour Richard Bonner John Gregg d. Andrew Robinson sub setell for a horse on the comon contrary to our custome 6 Henry Bland for over pressing the comon with certen sheepe . e o ... 2 Thomas Hole for his cowe twyce taken contrary to our custome and hath 11O COIſ) O1] . e º º . Q º & º © e e e 8 Thomas Lyster for abusing the byerlawmen with evill words for his swyne taken on yº more e e g & • e º e tº . . . 8 John Lechworth for two mares with foles after theym a yeare old once taken 4 Robert Bunting for suffering William Wade to make a yate between our feildes & Herringthorpe feildes contrary to our custome 8 Robert Buntinge for one gapp twyse unmade 4 Henry Pittes for his fence unmade in Crowncarre. º te e º 8 Edmund Hoyle for his fence unmade betweene our feild & Dalton feild . 4. Robert Cawthorne for breaking open the yate in yº Pygeon lane . º 4. Henry Bland for forty of his sheepe taken on yº more about yº hyeway . ... 8 Edward Holland for tethering his mare on a balke betwene the stackes in yº hard corne feild . e e g o e © º e 6 John Cutler sheather for riding his mare through the corne e e ... 6 Mrs Saunders for tethering her mare on her balke at her walle at Doncaster gate head amongst the hay • * • . º e . . º 4. Edmund Hole for tethering his cowe twyce in the feilde contrary to custome 8 Robert Clayton for tethering his mare into yº corne. - 6 There are about thirty-six similar entries at similar charges, and which it is needless therefore to transcribe. The account is indorsed “Streat booke at Michaellmesse last past 1583.” The foregoing regulations may now seem unduly stringent, and even arbitrary, but it does not appear that they were more so than was required to restrain the loose habits, and irregular practices which prevailed at that period. The appointment of bylawmen seems to have been an indispensable necessity. Under the House of Rufford, the town and district had vastly increased in population, position, and material prosperity, but from the concurrent testimony of travellers visiting the place, it is not satisfactory to learn that its moral condition and character were not at all consistent with, or creditable to, a place which had 46 362 - º 330th crijam. for several centuries been under the teaching and rule of a religious confraternity. Either that rule must have been very lax, and the morals and manners of the people correspondingly so, or, on the withdrawal of it, a sudden and sad change and declension in both had taken place. - In the “Iter Boreale,” an unpublished poem by Dr. Eedes, in the Ashmole Library, quoted by Hunter in the original Latin, is a description of Rotherham as to the state of its morals, more than two hundred years ago, which he says he “should be unwilling to present in a more familiar language.” “Prima in Eboraci Comitatu nos Rotherama Accipit; haec Solis caruit lusoribus; illic Quovis excellunt simul hospes et hospita lusu.” And again, “Quae Rotherama prius caruit lusoribus illis Jam scatet; hospitio prohibens qui ludere nescit. Nos licet indigne tulimus prohiberier, illinc In melius tamen, et magis amplum forte venimus Hospitium; quandoque juvat quod obesse videtur.” The alleged scandal is disreputable enough, but lest by unlearned readers it may be suspected of being something more flagrant than it is, a free translation is hereunder given. “Rotherham, in the County of York, is the first to receive us; this town was free for gamesters only; both host and hostess are excellent gamesters.” “Rotherham, which before time was free from gamblers, now swarms with them; denying a sojourn to whosoever does not know how to gamble. Although we were indignant at being kept out (told to move on), we yet happened to find a better and more honourable place of sojourn. Now and then that which seems injurious to us is pleasant.” Corroborative of this, Braithwaite, in his strange and strangely popular poem, “Barnabae Itinerarium, or, Drunken Barnaby's Journal,” (1638) has written what is thus translated:— “Thence to th’ Bu// at Roſhram came I, Where my Gold, if I had any, Left I, long I stoutly roared, Till oth' Bridge I broke my Forehead, Whence asham’d, while smarted, I by Night-time thence departed.” The “Bull” was kept by Thomas Oke about this period, and is supposed to have been in what was then called the “Market Stede.” There Barnaby, according to the repute of the place at that period, might have an opportunity of leaving his gold, as above lackadaisically lamented. One hundred years after, when the reclamative labours of Wesley and Whitefield were rousing the nation to some sense of the hideous condition into which it had fallen, Rotherham was one of the dark places of the earth; and the overtures of mercy held out by them, and their lay coadjutors, were treated with contempt, and their persons were subjected to violence. Thus there seems warrant for the ill-repute into which Rotherham had lamentably fallen. * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., page 9. (5rants from fiſt (Urdim, AND 3ccounts of the jFeoffers of the Common £amtg. coming more directly to the charitable, educational, civic, and home-life concerns of the town, it may be said that after the | kingdom had happily become settled, there were few places # which, owing to the favour of Archbishop Rotherham, set forth on their progress under more auspicious circumstances, or with prospects that indicated a higher or more enviable provincial distinction, than Rotherham. And when these glorious prospects were, without local cause or crime, swept ruthlessly away, as already related, the irreparable loss was comparatively mitigated, however slightly, by the timely, unsolicited, and unexpected royal favour of Queen Elizabeth. Deprived of emoluments and advantages, which would have given it rank and renown of the most desirable kind, with such places as Winchester, by the grants of the queen at this period, learning was at any rate kept alive, and funds for the many various and urgent necessities of the place were provided; the administration of these, evidently with care and consideration, through a long period, will be hereafter detailed. The first entry of the greaves of the common lands, refers to a visitation of a fearful kind. This is worth mentioning, as showing how in such calamitous cases, from which we are now happily exempt, the proper means were then taken of arresting infection by isolation, and also as recognizing and recompensing the sacrifices required to be made in such emergency. * • - - e - IMPRIMIs. Whereas William Boner of Rotheram Shoemaker in the late plage tyme in Rotheram, at the request of diuerse honest men of the same towne was not onely contented to remove himself and family to the lodges upon Rotheram More, but also to maintaine and kepe in his house one William Cosyn and one Mynskypps wyf and especially the said William Cosyn by the space of xxij" wekes. And where further at his departure from the towne he left in his house in Rotheram xxxiiijº gallons of oyle which he bought of Alexander Cayster at xviij” pence the gallon and by reason of his absence thence 364 - Rotherham. xx" gallons thereof was run forth of his vessell. All which he was contented to suffer upon hope of some recompense at the common chardge of the towne. It is therefore agreed by th’consent of thinhabitants that the said Wm. Boner shold be allowed towardes his saide losses and chardges out of the revenues of the Common landes of the same towne the iust somme of xxxii; iij to be paid proportionally as William Taylor and others be paid by the greaves of the same towne in the presence of William West gentleman, William Pennell baylif of Rotheram, Robt. Okes, Wm. Shaw, F. West & twenty others.” December 19, 1589. From desolating plague and famine, to the fantastic fashion of a town-piper's coat, or swineherd's equipments, is one of the ordinary, but odd transitions incident to human affairs. We have now to learn how, from sources apparently so incongruous and unexpected as the old tattered accompt sheets, and books of public bodies, broad breadths of a weird but pleasant light are thrown on the social life of the periods to which they relate. And very observable in such records is the generally sound and sagacious conduct of the “chiefest men” of the place who composed those bodies, although from their signatures it is apparent that they had not all graduated in the three R's. The growth, however slow, of town improvements is also noticeable, and the occasional gravity of local contentions. The exalted dignity of the chair of justice, contrasts strangely with the rough and ready character of the punishments inflicted; and those of the pillory, the cuckstool, and the stocks, then so enjoyable (for the spectators), brought into frequent requisition, are made the occasion of many a rude holiday. But decidedly prominent and praiseworthy stands out the ready aptitude displayed by the then “chiefest men” in providing for the relief of the afflicted and outworn, for the prevention of poverty, and the promotion of good conduct in the rising generation, by providing free schools, in putting out apprentices to good trades, young girls into household training, and in providing them with suitable situations. Their attention to these excellent objects was highly commendable. The records of the feoffees of the common lands of Rotherham, through the accounts of their greaves, furnish a history of the internal management of the town. Whatever other officials may have nominally existed, the main executive seems to have been in the hands of the feoffees. - In carrying out “The Customarye” of the common lands, they appoint, equip, and pay the annual stipends of the swineherd, bylawmen, clerk of the market, and overseers of the roads; repair the numerous town gates and wells, pave the footpaths, and protect from nuisances; provide the liveries of the waits, piper, organ blower, and beadles, and pay them their salaries; and they provide also for the chimes being kept in order. Besides meeting these claims and many others, they were in times of sore destitution and distress, at these earlier periods sadly frequent and severe, the main refuge for help in extremest time of need, to meet which large sums of money were frequently needed to be borrowed by them. This miscellaneous list of their varied duties is by no means exhaustive, as in fact it comprised help from bringing into the world, to winding sheets and burial fees on being taken out of it. * It would appear that temporary wood huts, or “lodges” as they are termed, were erected upon the moor to which persons stricken by the plague were removed, and to which they were confined, under watch and ward, until the infection was removed. Dr. Short says of this year, 1589, “An excessive heat and drought in England, the air swarmed with insects, many spotted tertians and quotidians in summer, and many inflamatory diseases. In harvest, the plague and synochus fever, with worms; an exulcerating looseness.” He gives an appalling account of the destruction of life in foreign countries named, and says, “The like depopulating calamities happened at the same time in other places, chiefly from the plague roaming about.”—“A Comparative History of the Increase and Decrease of Mankind in England, &c.,” by Thomas Short, M.D., I767. - (5rant; from tijº (ºr Ginn, &c. - 365 With respect to the proper administration of justice they provided a handsome town hall, uncommendably converted an almshouse into a gaol, provided the pillory and stocks in the old market place, afterwards located in the little churchyard, and also, sad to say, kept in repair that most ungallant indignity towards the gentle sex—the ducking stool—a mode of punishment which seems then to have obtained an ugly prominence." This epitome of the functions exercised by the feoffees will serve to introduce such further notice of them as their good works and local importance fairly demand, exercised in one form or other for a period of three hundred and thirty-eight years, first as “Greaves of our Lady's Lights,” then as “Greaves of the Comontie,” all being the elect local leading men of the time; and from 1584 as “The Feoffees of the Common Lands of Rotherham,” whose first book of accounts bearing this date, and, reaching to 1658, commences as follows:— Rotherham in Comiţatu Eboracensi. A REGISTER of thinges concerning the Common Landes of Rotherham in the county of Yorke begunne the xxvi" day of August in the xxvi" yeare of the raigne of our souſer]aigne Lady Elizabeth by the grace of god of England Fraunce & Ireland Quene Defendour of the Faith &c. Anno 1 584. Elizabeth Regina Angliae. THE Quenes Maiestie by hir highnes Lettres Patentes vnder the great seale of England bearing date at Hytchenbrook the six and twentith day of August in the six and twentith yere of hir Maiesties said raigne Enrolled in the high Court of Chancery did (amongst other thinges) graunt and convey vnto Laurence Woodnett and Anthony Collyns esquyers and their heires for ever certeine mesuages cotages landes and tenementes with thappurtnances in Rotherham aforesaid Deneby Marsburgh and Brynsforth in the said county of Yorke as by the same Lettres patentes at large appeareth Which Landes are in the occupacion of Robert Bynclyff Ellen Watson William Burneley Leonarde Browne Robert Cawthorne Thomas Rawson Andrew Clayton Robert Overall Richard Ellys Thomas Aldam Richard Bonner Henry Pyttes Richard Slack John Shawe thelder William Swayne Robert Colly Symon Colt Robert Willson George Dixon Nicholas Byncliff and Robert Wirralle By force whereof they entred into the premissels and weare thereof seazed in their demesne as of fee And they being thereof so seazed afterwardes by dede indented dated the first day of September in the said six and twentith yeare of hir maiesties said Raigne made betwene theym on thone partie and William West and William Blyth gentlemen and Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne yeomen of Rotherham aforesaid on thother partie And also by fyne thereof levyed by the said Anthony (who survyved the said Laurence) before hir Maiesties Justices of the Court of Comon pleas, in octabis sancti Michaelis, in the Seaven and twentith yeare of hir Maiesties said raigne, Which fyne ys also enrolled in the same Court in the terme of St Michaell in the xxviij" and xxix" yeare of hir highnes said Raigne Rotulo tercio By the speciall labor meanes and procurement of the said William West and for the consideracion in the said dede indented expressed did give graunt bargaine sell and confirme the same tenementes and * In Wainwright’s MSS. of the “History of the Wapen- a deep pool. When any lady of the village was in the take of Strafford and Tickhill’ are several letters from Mr. E. Oxley, relating to Wombwell, in which place he seems to have been deeply interested, and must have been at one time a resident of the place or neighbourhood. In his first letter, dated Bristol, August 25, 1823, he says, “I have heard my father say, that at what is called ‘Cuckstool,' (a little way below Wombwell on the road to Darfield), there existed, within his knowledge, a curious mechanical contrivance, not unfrequent in his day; (sic.) it consisted of a strong pole, probably thirty feet long, one end of which was fastened to the ground, and to the other there was affixed an arm chair, which was suspended over habit of practising the scold, she was seized by her neighbours, lashed in the chair, and soused over the head and ears until she manifested unequivocal symptoms of repentance, and promised future amendment. What a pity so excellent a custom should ever fall into disuse ! risum teneatis. I recollect seeing near forty years ago, on Birdwell Common, between Sheffield and Barnsley, a ‘ducking stool’ of the kind I have described, but long since I fear gone to decay.” It is to be feared this uncourtly doctor must have had a termagant spouse. However of him and his rude opinions it may be said, “Deep in the dust, low let them lie.” 366 - 33 otherijam. premissels with thappurtnances vnto the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne and theyr heires for ever Who thereby covenanted that the same landes and tenementes should be conveyed lymytted and ymployed to such vses intentes and purposes as should be agreed vpon by the cheifest part of thinhabitantes of the said towne of Rotherham And afterwardes accordingly the said William West William Blythe Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne by their dede indented dated the third day of August in the one and thirtith yeare of hir Maiesties said Raigne At the Instance and with the full consent of the said Inhabitantes did convey the same to Robert Bunting Jeffrey Woollen William Taylor Nicholas Mountney gentlemen Robert Okes Thomas Woodhouse Edward Holland Richard Rawson Christofer Taylor Thomas Barber Nicholas Carr and Nicholas Tymm, of Rotherham afforesaid yeomen to such vses as was then agreed vpon by the Cheifest part of the said Inhabitauntes of the said towne of Rotherham as ys aforesaid and as by the said seuerall dedes Indented & Fyne doth and may more at Large appeare Which dedes and fyne they the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne at then sealing of their said dede deliuered to the said newe Feoffees to thintent the same shalbe kept sauf in a Common Chist for that purpose to thuses aforesaid forever And they haue also yelded vp a just Accompt and Reckning of all the Rentes yssues & profittes of the same tenementes and premissels and of all their doinges concerning the same from the tyme of the said purchase vntill this present day being theight day of August in the yeare of our Lord god one thousand fyve hundreth eighty and nyne as by the particuler bills thereof made appeareth And all thes thinges weare done openly in the parish Church there in the presence of the most part of thinhabitantes of the said towne of Rotherham and nominatim. ſ F WEST THOMAS WooD HOUSE X Rob ERT OKEs his marke Rob ERT × ELLYOT RoBERT CAwTHORNE his marke WILLIAM SHAWE - WILLIAM TAILER × his marke THOMAS BARBAR NICHOLAS CARR - RY CHARD RAwson E CHRISTOFER X TAILoR THOMAS DAwson X his marke his marke RoBERT ALDAM × his marke EDWARD X Holla ND JoHN KIDD X his marke his marke - LION SMYTHE X his marke RICHARD X MARSHALL RoBERTE GARRYE his marke with diuerse others This of itself would be a very imperfect and insufficient account of the noble grant made by Queen Elizabeth to this township, through Lawrence Woodnett, and Anthony Collins. It does not appear that the archives of the feoffees possess any copy of that portion of the deed or grant which was made to Woodnett and Collins by Queen Elizabeth, in favour of Rotherham. The transaction seems, with our present knowledge of it, a very extraordinary and unaccountable one. The original patent to Woodnett and Collins is a very large one, consisting of fourteen membranes of parchment, and appears to have been an absolute grant to them of an immense number of properties in different parts of the kingdom, and which were no doubt confiscated properties; but what could have been the motive of the selection of the respective places to which such large grants were made, seems at present to evade enquiry and baffle conjecture. The act for the suppression of colleges, chantries, &c., of the preceding reign, destroyed many grand scholastic institutions, and dispersed many very large properties by which they were amply endowed for educational and not “superstitious uses; ” (5ramtg from the (ſtro to it, &c. 367 and it may be, that the queen was wisely advised, that such places would be proper beneficiaries of confiscated lands held by the Crown, in some acknowledgment of, but not atonement for, the vandal spoliations committed under the act above referred to. - - The case of the Rotherham Grammar School had been before the barons of Her Majesty's Exchequer twenty-three years before this. Thomas Snell, the master of the grammar school, having personally appeared and complained that a stipend of ſ Io 1 5s. 4d. granted under a Commission of 2nd Edward VI., had been withheld, and claiming that the said stipend should be satisfied and paid, his application resulted in his obtaining what is entituled “A true Copie of the Decree for the revyving of Rotherham Grammar School and the continuance thereof.” Whether or not any circumstance like this favourably affected this place is unknown beyond what Her Majesty herself expresses in the patent, a translation of which is given below. The Queen, to all to whom, &c., greeting. Know ye that we, in consideration of true, faithful, and acceptable services before this rendered to us by our beloved servant and councillor, Sir Jacob Croft, Controller of our Household, and also on his humble petition, by our special grace and out of certain knowledge and our own mere motion, have given, granted, and by these presents do give and grant to our beloved Lawrence Woodnett, of Lincoln's Inn, in the county of Middlesex, esquire and to Antonia Collins, of London, esquire, [here follows a very long grant, occupying 14 membranes, of divers properties in different counties, among which are] All that our cottage, and a garden, with appurtenances, in Rotherham, in the said county of York, in the street there called Westgate, now or late in the occupation of Robert Wylson, or his assigns; and also, all that our barn, and our croft, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the said county, York; containing by estimation half an acre, in the street there called Welgate, now or late in the occupation of Widow Wowke or her assigns; and also, all that our close, containing by estimation an acre of pasture, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the said county, York, situate and lying near the chapel of St. James, abutting upon the said street called Welgate, now or late in the occupation of William Swayne, or of his assigns. And also all those two our cottages, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the county of York, in the street there called the High-street, in the several occupations of Hugh Watson and Robert Shawe. And also all those our three acres of land and meadow [containing] by estimation [three acres], in Rotherham aforesaid, in the said county, York, in the field there called the Netherfield, of which two acres are called Whynnye Moor, and the third abuts upon Doncaster gate, now or late in the several occupations of Robert Cawthorne, Henry Pytts, and Richard Slack, or their assigns. And also all that our close containing, by estimation, an acre of pasture and six acres of arable land, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the field there called Canckelowfield, now or late in the several occupations of Robert Wilson, Leonard Browne, Robert Byllcliffe, John Shaw, Henry Pyttes, Robert Cawthorne, and Hugh Watson. And also all those our two acres and a half of arable land, by estimation, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the field or place called Eylemyrefield, now or late in the several occupations of Thomas Rawson, Robert Bate, John Shaw, Robert Byllcliffe, Henry Pyttes, and Robert Cawthorn, or their assigns. And also all that our parcel of meadow and pasture, containing, by estimation, four acres and a half, called Cranocarre, with appurte- nances, in Rotherham aforesaid, now or late in the separate occupations of Robert Cawthorn, Henry Pyttes, Hugh Watson, and Richard Slack, or their assigns. And also all that parcel of meadow or pasture, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, containing by estimation three acres, called Castle for the Sick, alias Thornell Syck. And all that our parcell of meadow or pasture, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, called Gentymoor, containing by estimation three roods, now or late in the several occupations of Edward Roebuck, Robert Cawthorne, Robert Clayton, Henry Pyttes, Robert Byllcliffe, 368 Rotherham. and John Shaw, or their assigns. And also all that our acre of arable land, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the field called Myckle Hill field, abutting upon Baddesleymoor, in the occupation of Jasper Oke and Richard Slack. And also all those our seven acres of land and meadow, by estimation, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, lying separately in the fields there, called the Cross of the Ashefield, in the separate occupation of Henry Pyttes, Richard Slack, Robert Cawthorne, Edward Roebuck, John Shaw, Giles Robinson, and Robert Byllcliffe, or their assigns. And also all that our cottage, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the street called Briggate, adjoining the bridge there, in the occupation of William Swayne or his assigns. And also that our cottage, with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the said street called Briggate, in the occupation of Robert Aldame, or his assigns. And also all our house or building, called the School House, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the street called Jesus Gate, in the occupation of Robert Saunderson * * * And all that our one acre of meadow by measurement, in Brinsforth aforesaid, in the meadow called Bradmarsh meadow, in the place called Swynehoyle, on the west side of the Brook of Rotherham, in the occupation of Robert Cawthorne, Edward Roebuck, John Shaw, Giles Robinson, and Robert Wilson, or their assigns. And also all that cottage, and a garden, with appurtenances, in Marshbrough, in the said county, York, in the occupation of Anne Clayton, widow, or her assigns. And also all that our rood of land, by measurement, with appurtenances, in Marshbrough aforesaid, in the place called the Ealand in the occupation of Robert Bate, or his assigns. And also all that our cottage with appurtenances, in Rotherham aforesaid, in the street called Milne Gate, in the occupation of Richard Oxespring, or his assigns. And also all that our cottage called the Talbott, with appurtenances, in Rotherham, in the street called Westgate, in the occupation of Robert Byllcliffe, or his assigns, with all rents and profits arising out of the same woods, pastures, tithes, &c., &c. To have and to hold all the aforesaid, to the said Anthony Collyns and Lawrence Woodnett, their heires and assigns, for ever, to their sole and only use, and that of their heires for ever; to be held from us, our heirs and successors, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in Kent, by fealty only, in free and common socage, non in capite neither by military service; and paying thence annually to us our heires and successors the separate rents below named or specified, viz., for the said cottage and a garden, in Rotherham, in Westgate street, eight pence of legal money of England [and so on, but the names of the properties and their rents are, for convenience, tabulated as follows] :- - d : S. For a barn and croft in Wellgate street g For a cottage and garden in Wellgate street For a close lying near the chapell of St James tº e º º For two cottages in the High street. e o & e • . e I For three acres in the Netherfield e e e º º - º o I8 For a close in the field called Canclowfield . - º º º º 3 4 For two acres and a half in Elemyrefield . • º e - * e I 2 Part of a meadow and pasture called Cranocarre. tº o -> e Part of a meadow and pasture called Castle for the Sick, alias Thornell Sick, in Bentmoor. ſº e º e º e An acre of land in the field called Micklehill field º e o o Seven acres of meadow and pasture in the fields called the Crosse of the Ashefield e o º e • º º • • ſº . 3 A cottage in Briggate street adjoining the bridge Another cottage in Briggate street . e Another cottage in Briggate street The School House in Rotherham A cottage in Mylne Gate street A cottage called the Talbot Full powers are given to Collins and Woodnett to raise and receive the profits, rents, &c., out of the property. Witness, The Queen, at Hytchenbrook, 26th day of August.” * Patent Roll, 26 Eliz., pt. I 5, m. I I to 24, (A.D. 1583). (5rants from tiſt (ºr Gium, &c. 369 The following properties seem to have been comprised in the same grant, though not in the same but in the following membrane, No. 12. Somehow or other, unaccountably in a piece with the rest of it, there seems to have been a resumption, or other disposition of this important portion of the grant, to the serious damage of the interests of Rotherham. In 1606 there is reference in the accounts to a decree in the Exchequer, “for severing our rents from Wickersley and Marre.” And also all that our messuage with appurtenances, twenty-seven acres of land, four acres of meadow, six acres of our pasture, with appurtenances, in Dennyby in the aforesaid county of York, now or late in the occupation of Thomas Saunderson or his assigns. And also all that our close with its appurtenances in Wyckersley in the aforesaid County of York, called Saint Mary Flatt near the Lane side called City Lane in the Church Field, containing by estimation three acres of meadow or pasture, now or late in the occupation of Richard Hall or his assigns. And also all that parcel of land containing by estimation two acres & a half of land, with appurtenances in Wyckersley aforesaid in the churchfield there, now or late in the occupation of George Parker. And also all that other parcel of ground containing by estimation two acres & a half with appurtenances in Wyckersley aforesaid in Pinchewell field there, near Kettle Ryddyng, in the occupation of George Parker or otherwise. And also all those two selions" called the Belstringe landes in Wyckersley aforesaid in the Northe field there, containing by estimation one acre, in the occupation of George Parker or his assigns. And also all that parcel of land with appurtenances in Wyckersley aforesaid in the Churchefield aforesaid upon “hanging Breckes,” containing by estimation three acres, now or late in the occupation of Christofer Towleston or his assigns. And also all those four acres & three roods of land with appurtenances in Marre in the aforesaid County of York, in the South feild there, lying in the following fashion, that is to say:—one rood between land now or late belonging to Percival Amyas on both sides, abutting upon Hawstedes on the east of the annual value of two pence, and next one acre near Lymestone Hill on the east and west between land of the late Abbey of Roche, northerly abutting on land now or late belonging to Thomas Metham, knight (on the east?) of the annual value of four pence; and next three roods abutting upon Theste Stockynge" on the south, between land now or late of the said Thomas on the east & land of the said late Abbey of Roche on the west, of the annual value of three pence. And next, three other roods at Bradley abutting upon land now or late belonging to the said Percival southwardly, and Menndale northwardly, between land now or late of the said Thomas, of the annual value of three pence; and half an acre next, abutting upon Shortwood on the south, and land now or late of the said Thomas on the east, of the annual value of two pence. And another half acre at Menndale abutting upon land now or late of the said Percival on the east, between land now or late of William Wems on the north, of the yearly value of three pence. And an acre of land in two selions, between land now or late of the said Thomas on the east & the west, abutting towards Doncaster way next the quarry gate northwardly & upon Heades gate southwardly, of the yearly value of four pence. And also all those four acres & half of land with appurtenances in Marre aforesaid in Westfield there, lying in the following manner, that is to say, half an acre there upon Baron Burghe gate, abutting upon land lately of the said Abbey on the west, between land now or late of the said Thomas on the south & William Rayne on the north, of the annual value of two pence; And three roods at the west end of South Wood abutting upon land now or late of the said Thomas on the south, & land late of the said Abbey on the north, between land now or late of Master Evers on the east and William Annotson on the west, of the yearly value of three pence; and a rood there abutting upon land now or late of the said Percival on the east & the said Master Evers on the west, between land now or late of the said Thomas on the south & the said Abbey on the north, of the annual value of one penny; and half an acre at Wolf Pit, abutting * A Selion is a ridge of land; cf. French sillon. " * The east staking, or enclosed place. - 37O - 330th crijam. upon land now or late of the said Thomas on the east, between land now or late of the said Thomas on both sides, of the annual value of two pence; And another half acre next after the Dykes abutting upon land now or late of John Barmeby on the east and Marre Thick on the west, between land late of the said Percival on the south and the king's high way on the north, of the annual value of two pence. And three roods abutting upon the Dykes on the north & land late of the said Abbey on the south, between land now or late of the said Thomas on both sides, of the yearly value of three pence. And three roods on the north side of the Dykes, abutting upon Marrwood on the west & land late of the Abbey on the east, between land now or late of the said Percival on the south & William Hall on the north, of the annual value of three pence; And half an acre between land now or late of the said Thomas on the east & west, abutting upon Billham gate on the north & Marr Wood lane on the south, of the annual value of two pence. And also all those three acres of land with appurtenances in Marre aforesaid, in Northfield alias Kirkefield there, lying in the following manner namely,–half an acre abutting upon lands now or late of the said Thomas on both sides, of the annual value of two pence; And another half acre at the east end of the said town of Marr abutting upon land now or late of the said William Evers on the north, & land of the said late Abbey on the south, between land now or late of the said Percival on the east and land now or late of the said Thomas on the west, of the yearly value of two pence; And three roods abutting upon Doncaster gate on the south & the Heades gate on the north, between land now or late of the said Evers on the west and land now or late of the said John Barmeby on the east, of the annual value of three pence; And another half acre abutting upon the Leys on the east, and land now or late of William Hall on the south, of the annual value of two pence; And another half acre upon Hungerhill abutting upon land now or late of the said Thomas & between land now or late of the said Thomas of the annual value of two pence; And another rood at Black Monday Buske, abutting upon land now or late of the said Thomas on the south & upon Pygbornfild on the north, of the annual value of a penny. And also all that ruinous cottage or toft.* with appurtenances in Marre aforesaid, lying between the house called Priesthowse, late of the Prior of Hampall on the west, and land late of the said Percival & afterwards of Thomas Ellys on the east, abutting upon the Towngate on the south. And also all that barn with appurtenances in Marre aforesaid, situated between land now or late belonging to St. John of Jerusalem in England on the west, and land late of the said Percival and afterwards of the said Thomas Ellys on the east, abutting on the Town gate on the north. Which certain premises lie in Marr aforesaid, and now are or lately were in the occupation of the inhabitants of Marr aforesaid, and were formerly given, appointed, or used for the supporting or maintaining of a light or lamp or for celebrating or making masses & other divine services, and other superstitious prayers, uses, rites and ceremonies to the blessed Virgin Mary in the parochial church of Marr aforesaid, for ever.” [Sums to be paid for the above properties.] S. d. Messuage in Dennyby e g º e e e . I 3 4. Close in Wyckersley called Saint Mary Flatt . o e ſº I6 Parcel of land in Church field in Wyckersley º & e - I6 Land in Pinchewelfield in Wyckersley . • e - º II Two selions called Belstring landes . © º e ſº © 2 Land in the Church feeld in Wyckersley • © - g I8 Land in the south field in Marre tº . º & e . 2 ... O Three acres in North feeld alias Kirke field, Marre º º e I 2 Cottage and toft in Marre . o º e 4. o - 4 Barn abutting on the Towngate, Marre . & * • e 4. Returning to the Feoffees, the document, of which a transcript is given below, is perhaps the most important one in the collection, and is intituled: * This is the literal meaning, but a toft is the bit of land. * Patent Roll, 26 Elizabeth, part 15, m. 12. (5rant g from the (ºr 0 m. m., &c. 37 I Çffe Charter of ſigtúcrijam Common HIambeg. Copiae charte facte duodecim feoffatis. This Indenture made the third day of August in the one and thirtyth yeare of the Raigne of our soueraigne Ladie Elizabeth by the grace of god of Englande France & Ireland Quene defendor of the faithe &c. Betwſe]ne William West of Rotheram in the countie of yorke gentleman William Blythe of Barmeby vpon Dunn in the said countie gentleman and Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne of Rotheram aforesaid yearmen on thone partie. And Robert Buntinge Jeffery Wollen William Taylor Nicholas Mountney gentlemen Robert Okes Thomas Wodhowse Edward Holland Richard Rawson Christofer Taylor Thomas Barbar Nicholas Carr & Nicholas Tymme of Rotheram aforesaid yeoman on thother partie. Witnesseth that whe]reas one Lawrance Woodnet of Lincolnes Inn in the countie of Middlesex esquire & Anthony Collins of London esquire by deed Indented dated the first day of September in the six and twentie yeare of the Raigne of our said soueraigne Ladie Quene Elizabeth and also by fyne in due forme of lawe levied by the especyall meanes & procurement of the said William West & for the considerations in the said Indentures expressed did give graunt convey & assure to the said William West William Blythe Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne their heires and assignes for ever divers mesuages cotages gardins lands tenementes woods rentes and hereditamentes lyinge and beinge in Rotheram aforesaid Denyby Marsbrughe and Brinsforth in the said countie of yorke and divers other places mencioned in the said deed indented as thereby appearreth. To haue and to hold the said mesuages lands tenementes and hereditamentes and all and singuler the premisses with thappertnances to the said William West William Blythe Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne their heires & assignes for ever yelding & payinge yearly for the said lands and premisses seuerally seuerall rentes to her Maiestie her heires and successors at towe feastes in the yeare mencioned in the said deed indented. And wheras also it is covenanted granted and agreed by & betwſe]ne the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne their heires and assignes to and with the said Lawrence Woodnett and Anthony Collins their heires and assignes by the said dede indented that all the said mesuages lands tenementes and hereditamentes in the said deede indented mencioned (except certaine lands & tenementes in Marr and Wickersley in the said Indenture excepted) should be conveyed limitted and imployed to such vses intentes and purposes as should be agreede vpon by the cheifest part of the inhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram as by the said deede indented appeareth And where the inhabitantes of the said towne and cheifest part therof haue declared & are agreed and haue given theire full consentes that the said lands tenementes & hereditamentes shalbe vsed & ymployed to diverse good vses as before tyme hath bene accostomed (that is to say) for the releife of the pore people of the said towne for the mayntayſn]inge & repayringe of brigges in and about the said towne and for and towardes the discharge and contribucion of fiftenes" taxes musters & other common charges wherewith the said towne of Rotheram and inhabitantes therof may be charged and in ease & releife of the pore people of the said towne of Rotheram. And where the inhabitantes have Required the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne that they wold convey the said lands tenementes hereditamentes & premisses with thappertnances to the said Robert Buntinge & thother eleaven coffeoffes before named & to theire heires for ever to thuses & intentes aforesaid nowe therfore the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne at the instance and request aforesaid and to thintent that the said lands & premisses (except before excepted) & the profittes therof may be vsed and imployed in maner and forme aforesaid & to thuses aforesaid Have graunted enfeoffed and deliuered & by thes presentes do clearely and absolutly graunt enfeoffe and deliuer vnto the said Robert Buntinge Jeffry Wollen William Taylor Nicholas Mountney Robert Okes Thomas Woodhouse Edward * “Fifteenths” was a grant made to the king, in the at that time, and the inhabitants rated themselves pro- first instance, for the concessions made by him in Magna portionably for their several parts. “Fifteenths” continued Charta. In 1334, a certain sum was rated upon every in use down to 1624, when three “fifteenths” were granted town by commissioners appointed for that purpose, who to James I. rated every town at the fifteenth part the value thereof, 372 330th crijam. Holland Richard Rawson Christofer Taylor Thomas Barbar Nicholas Carr & Nicholas Tymm All & singuler the said mesuages Cotages landes tenementes rentes reuercions seruices & hereditamentes whatsoever with all & singuler their appertnances mencioned and expressed in the said recyted deed indented and which were bargayned and sould or mencioned to be bargained and sold in and by the said deed indented by the said Lowrance Woodnet and Anthony Collins to the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne (except before excepted). To haue and to hold the said mesuages cotages lands tenementes and hereditamentes and all and singuler the premisses with thappertnances (except before excepted) to the said Robert Buntinge and thother eleaven cofeoffes aboue named their heires and assignes for ever to thuses intentes and purposes afore specified and declared and to none other vse intent or purpose And the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne do seuerally covenant & graunt for them and theire seuerall heires executors administrators and assignes to & with the said Robert Buntinge & his said cofeoffes & euerye of them their heires executors administrators or assignes and euery of them by thes presentes That the said mesuages lands tenementes and hereditamentes & premisses with thappertnances & euerye part therof except before excepted at the tyme of thensealinge & deliverye of thes presentes are & so shall or may continewe accordinge to the forme true intent and meayninge hereof and be at all times heareafter cleare and clearly acquited and discharged or otherwise vpon reasonably request sufficyently saved and kept harmelesse of and from all manner of bargaines sales giftes grauntes fynes feoffmentes dovers Jointures leases entryes actes charges trobles and encumbrances whatsoever at any time heretofore hade bene made committed or done or at any time hearafter to be made comitted or done by the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne or any of them or by any other person or persons by their or any of theire meanes assent or procurement Except all leasses by deede indented made by the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne before the date hereof wherevpon are reserved and paiable the accostomed yearly rentes or more as thereby appeareth And the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne for them & their seuerall heires do seuerally covenant & graunt to and with the said Robert Buntinge & his said cofeoffees and theire heires by thes presentes that they the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne & euerye of them and theire heires shall and will at all and euerye tyme and tymes hearafter duringe the space of thre yeares nowe next comminge make do knowledge suffer and execute or cause to be made done knowledged sufferred and executed to the said Robert Buntinge and his said cofeoffees theire heires and assignes all and euerye such further act and actes thinge and thinges demyse & demyses Covenauntes & assurances whatsoever of the said premisses as shal be reasonably devised or advised by the said Robert Buntinge and his said cofeoffes or the servivor or servivors of them or their or any of theire consaile learned in the lawes of this Realme So that neither the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne nor any of them be forced to travell for the makinge or knowledginge of the said assurances or any of them aboue ten myles from Rotheram aforesaid And that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the said Robert Buntinge and his said cofeoffees theire heires and assignes quietly & peaceably to haue hold occupie & enyoye the said lands and premisses and euery part therof (except before excepted) with out troble let sute or impediment of the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes & Henry Browne & euery of them their heires executors administrators & assignes or any of them. And the said Robert Buntinge Jeffery Wollen William Taylor Nicholas Mountney Robert Okes Thomas Woodhouse Edward Holland Richard Rawson Christofer Taylor Thomas Barbar Nicholas Carr & Nicholas Tym & euery of them do by thes presentes covenant graunt promise and agre for them their heires executors and administrators & assignes and euery of them to & with the said William West William Blyth Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne & euerye of them their heires executors administrators & assignes. That if they the said Robert Buntinge & thother eleven cofeoffees before named or any of them shall at any time or tymes hearafter remove goe & depart away forth of the said towne of Rotheram to any other place to inhabit and dwell & do inhabit & dwell out of the said towne of Rotheram that then such and so many of the said twelve cofeoffees afore named (5tant g from the (ºr Ginn, &c. 373 which shall so depart away forth of the said towne of Rotheram to inhabit & dwell in any other place shall not after such his or theire said departure thence as is aforesaid take receive or dispose any of the rentes yssues or profittes of the said tenementes & premisses. But at all times after such his or their departure and goinge a way of him or them as is afforesaid shall graunt convey releas, surrender and assure to the residue of the said twelve persons then livinge & their heires or to such other twelve persons which shalbe named and chosen by the chefest or more part of thinhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram then for the time beinge to be substituted and put in the place or rowme of the said persons so departinge or dyinge and of the residue of the said feoffees then remayninge or survivinge and their heires all his & the]ir estate right title & interest of and in the said lands and premisses discharged and kept harmelesse of and from all bargaines estates titls charges trobles and encumbrances then had or made or to be had or made by him or them or any of them so departinge away as aforesaid as shalbe devised or advised by the chefest or most part of the said inhabitantes of the towne of Rotheram afforesaid for the time beinge or by their or any of their conselle learned in the lawes of this realme except such leasses for the terme of yeares as shalbe made accordinge to the tenor and true meaninge of thes presentes. And it is further intended ment and agred by & betwene the said parties to thes presentes that when and so often and at what soever time or tymes hearafter six of the said twelve persons afore named as feoffees thereof or of any other persons hereafter to be so named as feoffees therof or more of them shalbe deade or departed out of the said towne of Rotheram to dwell els where as is aforesaid. That then and so often yt shall and may be lawfull to and for the chefest and most substanciall part of thinhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram then beinge to name elect and chose a newe other twelve persons of thinhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram to be feoffees in trust and to stand seazed to thuses aforesaid and be substituted and putt in the place and roome of the said former feoffees and in like case manner and forme election and elections of the said feoffees to be made as is aforesaid from time to time successively for ever. And that after such election or elections of such twelve persons to be feoffees as is aforesaid made by the said inhabitantes of Rotheram afforesaid as ys aforesaid such and so manny of the feoffees aforesaid as shalbe then lyvinge at the reasonably request costes and charges of the Inhabitantes of the said towne then beinge or the more or cheifeist part of thinhabitantes of the said towne for the tyme beinge shall graunt convey and assure the said lands tenementes and premisses to the said twelue persons so newly chosen and theyr heires to thuses and intentes afforesaid discharged of all titles charges and encumbrances had or made or to be had or made by them or any of them other then such as shalbe had or made by them with the like consent of the said Inhabitantes. Prouided allwayes and it is fully covenant graunted concluded and agred by and betw[e]ne all the said parties to thes presentes in manner and forme followinge (that is to say) that yt shall not nor may not be lawfull at any tyme or tymes hearafter to or for the said Robert Buntinge and his said cofeoffees before named or any of them their heires or assignes or any of them or any other person or persons whatsoever hearafter to be named elected or chosen feoffees of the said lands tenementes and premisses to thuses aboue written to charge convey ymploy or convert the said lands tenementes hereditamentes and premisses with thappertnances or any part therof or the rentes yssues and profittes therof or of any part therof to any other vse vses intente or intentes or any other wayes then to thuses aboue in thes presentes mencijoned without the consent of the most or cheifest part of the inhabitauntes of the said towne of Rotheram for the tyme beinge therunto first had and obtayned nor to extinguish release determyne frustrat or make voyde any rent or rentes condicion or condicions graunt covenant or agrement reserved contayned mencioned or ymployed in or by any lease or leases heretofore made or hearafter to be made of the said tenementes and premisses or of any part therof Nor to make any newe leas or leases of the said tenementes and premisses or of any part therof be fore such time as all former leases of so much therof so newly to be demised shalbe expired determyned surrendred or ended nor for any longer time or terme then one and twentie yeares from the makinge of such new lease or leases nor for any lesser or smaler rentes then bene nowe alreadie reserved & yelded for the same and for and vnder such and the like covenantes condicions and promises as bene contayned 374 330th crijam. in certaine former leases made of Sundry parcels of the said tenementes and premisses and accordinge to the verye tenor and forme therof Prouided also and vpon condicion and it is the true entent and meaninge of thes presentes and of all parties to the same and the said inhabitauntes of the said towne of Rotheram do consent and agree that yt shall not at any time hearafter be lawfull to any person or persons that hearafter shalbe named chosen and made feoffees of the said tenementes and premisses as ys aforesaid duringe such time as he shall so remayne feoffee therof to haue take or occupie any part of the said tenementes and premisses by leas for yeares or otherwise Nor to any lease or former of any part of the said tenementes and premisses duringe such time as he shall so be aleassee or fermer therof to be named chosen or made any feoffee therof And yt is further concluded and agreed by and betwe]ne all the said parties to thes presentes & euerye of them with the full consent & agrement of the said Inhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram that yearly and euerye yeare for ever hearafter towe of the said persons beinge or which shalbe feoffees of the premisses as ys aforesaid shalbe chosen by some one of the said Inhabitantes there for the tyme beinge with the consent aforesaid by lottes & named the common greaves or Collectors & kepers of all such rentes Revenewes and profittes as shall come aryse or growe of and for the said tenementes and premisses to thuses aforsaid and to do all such actes and thinges as shalbe necessarie for or about y” same vntill the fryday next after the feast day of Peter ad vincula comonly called lammas day which shalbe next after euerye tyme of such choyse of the said greaves as ys aforesaid. And that euerye yeare herafter for ever vpon the Fryday next after the said feast of Peter ad vincula comonly called lammas day the said graiſes for the yeare then past for the tyme beinge in the presence of so many of the Inhabitantes of the said towne of Rotheram and of the residue of the said feoffees as will vouch sauf to be then there present there at in the parishe Church of Rotheram aforesaid shall make and yeld vp a iust and true reckinge and accompt of all such sommes of mony and other thinges as they shall then haue receyved disbursed or done in for or by reason of the premisses or any part therof vnto the said Inhabitantes and the said residue of the said feoffees not beinge then greaves there and to deliuer all tharrerages and overplus of their said receiptes vnto tow such other persons as shall then next after theym be chosen greaves of the premisses as is aforesaid for ever And furthermore the said William West William Blythe Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne do by thes presentes name aucthorishe ordaine and make William Bonner Rauf Woollen William Shawe and Edmound Hoyle and euery or any three tow or one of them their true and lawfull atturnyes Jointly or seuerally for them and in their names and places to enter into the said Mesuages lands and premisses and euery part thereof Except before excepted into any part therof in the name of the whole And therof in theire names to take quiete possession and seazen and after such possession so had and taken then to deliuer for them and in their names and steydes full and peaceable possession and seazin of the said landes and premisses to the said Robert Buntinge and his said cofeoffes or any of them accordinge to the tenor effect and true meay[n]inge of thes presentes In witnesse wherof the said parties to thes present Indentures enterchangably haue sett their handes and seales the day and year first aboue written Annoque domini 1589 Sealed and deliuered in the presence of THOMAS HALE Jo HN LUCAS RoBERT CAwTHORNE JOHN MARSHALLE RoBERT BINTcLY FF WILLIAM SHAwe RoBERT ELLYoTT RAUFF Wooll EN Joh N CUTFORTHAIGH OLIUER YowLE WILLIAM Bon NER RICHARD Bon NER THOMAS BARLEY THoMAS BENSoN Rolan D ROBINSON THOMAS BAYNES THoMAS SATERFETT RoBERT GURRYE Jo HN WATson RICHARD SLACK JAMES RAwson HENRY TAYLOR WILLIAM WEST yonger WILLIAM CARR F. WEST THOMAS LEVETT (5tants from the (ºr 0 to m, &c. 375 Rotherham must needs regard itself as having been very fortunate in being one of the towns on which, from whatever cause, the prerogative of royal bounty was so conspicuously exercised. It was also fortunate in having, at that particular time, one of the leading lawyers of the period resident in the place, and that in his practised hands the legal estate of “The Trust” thus created, was, from the first, so thoroughly and soundly settled, as not to have been disturbed from that time to this, a period of nearly three hundred years. On the dusty shelves of most old law libraries will be found a thick black- letter tome, entitled, “The First part of Symboloeography, or that may be termed the art or cunning of rightly to form and make written instruments. Collected by William West, of the Inner Temple.” The first edition was published in 1594, and Mr. T. S. B. Eastwood says, “not only soon acquired considerable reputation, but has always been esteemed a book of authority.” As a collection of forms, the “Symboloeography” is very comprehensive, containing a great variety, not only of precedents in conveyancing, but of indictments, and of proceedings in chancery. An edition was published in 1632, the dedication of which concludes “Wale Rotheramiae maie octavo.” The compiler of this mass of legal erudition was then resident at Moorgate, and there is rarely a record of a town meeting at this period at Rotherham in which his name does not appear, and in which, in fact, he is not the administrative power of the place. He is said to have made a fortune by the practice of the law. It may be that his useful work on law precedents, above mentioned, dedicated to the Chief Justice Anderson, considerably promoted his professional success; he being as well chief seneschal to the Court Baron of George and Gilbert, successive Earls of Shrewsbury. He bought the manor of Firbeck, and is said to have built Firbeck Hall. There is something very agreeable in the meeting together in one person, of qualities apparently so opposed and incongruous, as those required in an eminently successful pursuit of the hard and dry, and too oft contentious, practice of the law; and that love for and appreciation of natural beauty and taste for sylvan seclusion, which must have influenced his judgment in selecting and securing so serene and lovely a retreat as Firbeck for a family home. This would be about 1603, and amidst the vicissitude and change of the succeeding centuries, from then till now, Firbeck has still to boast, almost unchanged, its attributes of undiminished beauty and unbroken peace. Several generations of the Wests flourished there; Elizabeth in the third, marrying first, John, Lord Darcy, of Aston, and next, Sir Francis Fane, of Aston, K.B., second son of Francis, Earl of Westmoreland. Barnam West was rector of Aston in 1666. It was well for the town, so recently enfeoffed in these fine possessions, that Mr. West was at the helm of its affairs; as, in 1631, an assault was made upon them by the Attorney General of the then reigning King, Charles I. It would seem to have required consummate legal skill of fence to foil the attack and to render it harmless, as is shewn in the following document:- A CoPIE of the lettres of Sir Robert Heath the Kinges Attorney Generalle sent to the Feoffees of the Common Landes of Rotheram the xij" of October Anno Domini 1631. After my harty Commendacions, WHEREAS Queene Elizabeth of famous memory Did by her highnes, lettres pattentes vnder the Great Seale of England bearing date the xxvith day of August in the xxviºn yeare of Her Highnes Raigne mencion to give and graunt to Laurence Woodnett & Antony Collyns Esquires in fee farme diuers landes Tenements & hereditamentes in Rotheram Wickersley Kimberworth Brinsforth Denibye & Marre in the County of Yorke in 376 330th crijam. the same lettres Pattentes seuerally mencioned which estate ys by meane Conveyaunce come to your handes or the handes of your Tenantes or assignes Which lettres pattentes are Conceyved to be pattentes of Concealmentes and so insufficient & voyd in lawe as by the case herein closed may appeare. Thes are therefore to will & require you and euery one of the Seuerall Terretenants owners and occupyers of the said Landes & Tenementes in the Townes aforesaid in the said lettres Pattentes mencioned to be graunted or some other person or persons by you or them to be seuerally & respectiuely in that behalf authorized to make their repaire to the house of Robert Tipper his maiesties servant (who ys especially appointed by the lordes Commissions & his Maiesties proclamacion to attend that service) at or before the Thirtieth Day of January next ensuing there to give answer to the case hereinclosed whereby he may truly informe his Maisties learned Counsell with the truth of the seuerall cases And according to the truth thereof you may be admitted to the taking of a new graunt thereof from his Maiestie vpon Such moderate composicions as his Maiesties Commissioners in that behalf shall thinke fitt which yf you neglect Then thes are to lett you vnderstand (That in preiudice of his Maiesties tytle) there must be no long forbearance in graunting the premisses to such others as are suitours for ye same And so I bid you heartyly farewell from my chamber at the Inner Temple this xij" day of October Anno Domini 1631. Your loving freind, - RO. HEATH. . [THE CASE.] The Case for landes & Tenementes in Rotheram Brinsforth Marsborough & Kimberworth in the County of yorke now in the occupacion of the Feoffees of Rotheram or their assignes. Queene Elizabeth by her highnes lettres Pattentes vnder the great seale of England bearing date the xxvith day of August in the xxvith yeare of her highnes Raigne Did mencion to give & graunt vnto Lawrence Woodnett and Antony Collins Esquires & their heires in fee farme a Cotage with a garden in Westgate in Rotherham late in the tenure of Robert Wilson & diuers other lands Tenementes & hereditamentes in Rotherham Brinsforth Marsbrough & Kimberworth in the said county in the whole by lettres Pattentes & a Decree made 160 Octobris 90 Jacobi amounting to the Annual Rent of xxxviijs All which landes are in Charge to his Maiestie before the auditors and the Rent Duly payd by the Feoffees of Rotherham to his Maiestie according to the reservacion of the said lettres Pattentes and are claymed by the said Feoffees vnder the said lettres Pattentes as by their assignement from them & the said Decree & payment of the said Rent may appeare In which lettres Pattentes there ys a Proviso that yf the land were not concealed then the Pattent to be voyd. - - And surely thes landes cannot be said to be concealed in that they were given for the maintenance of superstitious vses as ys confessed in the said Decree and so come to the crowne by the statute of Chauntryes Imo E. 6. And are by the same statute well vested in the crowne without office found & therefore cannot be said to be concealed. In asmuch as thereby the said Pattent ys conceived to be voyd in lawe according to Legates case and the Judgment therein in my lord Cokes IOth reportes. Besides the whole tytle & clayme of the landes aforesaid & other landes in Denibye Wickersley & Marre from the Pattentes made by you ys sett forth in the said decree 30 Jacobi & by Mr Auditor Stanleyes Constat remayning with you 2do Jacobi when xliiijli for all the Arrearages were payd from the Date of the said lettres Pattentes. - For which cause his Maiestie may Seyse the same landes and be answered the meane profittes at his good pleasure. - [ANSWER.] - But we conceyve our title to be good for our landes in Rotherham & the rest of the townes aboue mencioned. Because according to the 3 & 4 pointes adiuged in Vowes case And the first point in Vahans case both cited in Legates case in my Lord Cook his tenth reporte folio (IOO) there was never any record whereby the certeinty of the said landes so particulerly appeared that the Kinges officers cold possibly charge them vntill the Inquisicion taken 26 Elizabeth Regine (which being after the lymited tyme for concealmentes in the Proviso in the Lettres Patentes mencioned) we hope cannot preiudice our title precedent. See the prouiso in our lettres pattentes remayning in the Common Chist. To what seems to be a strong and well supported case, this answer seems to be remarkably curt; but we must come to the conclusion, though that is not very evident at this day, that the case for the revocation of the grant of the 26th Elizabeth was answered, as there seems to have been no further danger threatened. Grants from the Crotum, &c. 377 A considerable part of the contents of the old book previously named, consists of copies of wills, or of such portion of them as bequeath money or property to the Feoffees of the Common Lands. But although these are curious and interesting, they cannot be given here. - There is one, which from its remarkably early date (1556, being twenty-eight years earlier than the 1584 Register of the feoffees’ documents), and from the importance and peculiarity of its bequests, may well be given as a specimen of many others. It is headed: A TRUE copie of Mº Thomas Lilly his wille whereby amongst other thinges he devised certeine landes in Rotherham & Marsburgh to the Commynalty of Rotherham forever together with the probate thereof Certefyed vnder the hand of a publique notary." . In the name of god amen the sevententh day of November A thousand five hundreth fifty six I Thomas Lillie of Rotherham in the County of Yorke being in good and perfect memory do institute and make this my last Will and testament in manner and forme following that is to say first I bequaith my soule to allmighty god and my body to be buryed in Christian buryall When it shall please him to call me to his mercy Secondly I give to be distributed to and among the poore people in Rotherham six poundes thirteen shilings 4d in money Item I giue to twenty of the poorest men and Women in Rotherham to euery one of them a gowne cloth price iiijs Allso I giue to the Commonality of Rotherham for euer three acres of arrable ground lying in Rotherham feild my leyes and doles in the Tenter meadowe and all the Arrable land that Blacker of Marsbrough now holdeth Also I giue to Thomas Marshall xxs and to his Wife xs Also I giue to Christofer my man xxs and I giue to Johan Creswelk xxxs Also I giue to Charles Barley Roger Rockley Robert Aldam John Gillat and old Walker his next neighbor and to mother Berwick to euery one of these persons 3s 4d a peece Item I giue to Henry Simson vs Also I giue to Agnes Clayton vs the Widowe Also I giue to Robert Smith vs and my night gowne Also I giue to John Sclatter xxs allso I giue to my mother in lawe Mrs Whitmore One angell. And I give to my sister Whitmore one Angell and to euery servant in my fathers Whitmores house ijs a peece Also I giue to my brother Richard Whitmore my gowne of Worsted and my best Jackett of damaske to my cozen George West I giue my Sword Also I giue to mylford Litster and Merser my tenantes euery of them vs a man, Also I forgiue and clearly discharge S. Snell of all such somes of money as he oweth me Also I giue to Richard Hillingworth and George Hillingworth in recompence of certaine landes sithence I entred in to them in recompence of those termes xli Allso I giue to the said Richard and George Hilingsworth the two leads in the workehouse and iiji vjs viijd ouer and aboue fifty pounds which remaineth in my hands of theires in money and was their fathers bequest Which I will be truely paid them againe Also I giue to my vncle William Lilly 6's I3s 4d in money Also I giue to mine vncle John Lillie iiji vjs in money Also I giue to my brother Henry Lillie of London mercer xxii in money and my best goune Also I giue to my sister Margrett Lillie xxii in money Also I giue to my sister Anne Lillie xiiji vjs in money and more to the said Anne Lillie in yearely rentes during hir life naturall iiji vjs viiijd a yeare That is to say 4 cottages standing in welgate Achambre With two shops standing in the Markett steade a close at the brigg end and a close lyeing in the towne of Marsbrough and all those my parsells of Medowe ground called doles lyeing within the medowe of the said Marsbrowe and after hir decease to remaine to my said brother Henry Lyllie mercer and to his heires foreuer Also I do giue to my said brother Henry Lylly mercer and to his heires for ever all my lands rents reuersions tenementes and hereditamentes with their appurtenances and euery parte and parcell thereof Which Henry Lillie mercer I do make my true and lawfull heire by this my last will and testament The rest of all my goodes moueable my debtes bequests and funeralls discharged I giue and bequeath to my well beloued wife Elizabeth Lillie and my daughter Mary Lillie to be equally deuided betwixt them Which said Elizabeth Lilly and Mary Lillie I do make and ordaine my true and faithfull executrices of this my last will and testament and for supervisors of this my said last will and testament I do make and ordeyne my true and faithfull frends Mr William Swift, my father in lawe William Whitmore Bayliff of Rotherham, my Cozen George West, Mine vncle Leauesay, and my cozen Roger Wombell beseeching them for the honor of god to take some paines therein And for their paines therein taken I giue to euery one of them xxs a peece and their charges to be borne at * The copy of the will only, is given here. 48 378 330th crijam. my executrices expences at all times when they trauell in the same Also I committ to the discrecions of my said supervisors the ordering both of the money and the yearely rent by me giuen to my sister Anne Lillie and hirself allso to be at their ordering till god send hir a husband and allso I committ to their discreciones the porcions of two younge Children Richard and George Hillingworth both lands and money and to the well vsing of them forasmuch as they be fatherles to vse them as they shall thinke best to theire most profitt this I aske for godes sake Allso I give to John Snell Robert Wilson and Richard Sawwood ech of them vs And thus I make an end committing my selfe into the hands of allmighty god Whose peace and feare I becech him remaine with me allwaies Amen Sealed and sub scribed with mine Owne hand the day and yeare aboue written in the presence of these honest and discret persons beareing record of the same William Hewit Alderman William Cheslimer mercer Thomas Sutton mercer Robert Taylor mercer. This will of one of the most substantial inhabitants of Rotherham, and who was connected with the best families of the neighbourhood, is interesting as shewing a widely different state of society, and of the distribution of property and effects, to that which prevails at present. One prominent and peculiar feature seems to have been the transmissible importance attached to separate articles of furniture and wearing apparel. The description and distribution of these in some old wills, almost seem to illuminate the old parchment on which they are written, like the rich colours of a missal; and they constitute them a remarkable catalogue and an emblazoning of the grand costumes, in which even our trading forefathers and their stately dames attired themselves when the solemn services of the Church, or the secular festivities of the season, called upon them to put forth their sumptuous claim to the reverential regard of their admiring dependants and humbler neighbours. The sixth Earl of Shrewsbury by will bequeathed ſloo to the poor of Rotherham, and this was paid by the Earl of Newcastle, then residing at Welbeck, but he, for some reason, took a bond for the repayment of the same in three years, dated 26th January, 1631. Appended to a copy of the bond, appears the following memorandum, most likely by William West: But yt was never intended that the Erle of Newcastle shold take any benefit of the above mencioned bond nor of a penny of this hundreth poundes for it was the free gift of honest Edward Erle of Shrewsbury out of his owne estate. Neyther do I thinke that Erle canne clear himselfe of the two hundreth poundes given to Rotherham by George Erle of Shrewsbury. William West, as before stated, a lawyer of high standing, then resident at Rotherham, was seneschal of the Manor Court of the Earl of Shrewsbury, and therefore an unquestionable authority. This bequest seems to have been put out on loan in sums of £20 or / Io, at the rate of twenty nobles to the ſloo, under the management of what are called overseers of the poor, and amongst these we find the names of the Puritan astors, Luke Clayton and John Shawe. The fund, increased by accruing interest and other gifts to the principal sum, seems to have been managed as a separate trust for a considerable number of years, and the accompts occupy a considerable space in the minutes of the feoffees, relating in part to a provision which had to be made in a case of “direful necessity” in 1659 to 1670 of which an account has already been given. With the exception of “A Copy from the Old to the New Feoffees of the Common Lands of Rotherham ” which is given at great length, the foregoing are the only documents of importance up to 1700. (5tant g frºm the Crotºtt, &c. 379 Betwixt 1617 and 1788 (one hundred and seventy years) a payment of ſI 6s. 8d. is made to the successive lords of the manor of Whiston, under the name of “Chymyage Money,” for liberty of passing over part of Whiston field to Rotherham Moor. The entries of the payment, as abstracted in the following summary, present a curious account of the mode of travel and of the roads travelled upon at that period. The pack-horse road from London and the south, anciently, about half way betwixt Whiston and Rotherham, crossed the fields at an angle into Wellgate, so that there was no road from that point, straight across Rotherham moor to Rotherham, except for foot passengers. All the traffic from other places, south, was diverted into Wellgate and along the lower part of the town. It seems that this had come to be considered as injurious “to the middle or hart of the towne, and specially of Inkepers in the hyestrete and tradesmen in the Market-stede.” To remedy this by making the road direct, as at present, this annual payment was incurred. It requires now a vivid exercise of the imagination to picture the villa-crowned eminences of “bowery Moorgate,” as an open unbroken moor, except by a foot-path or sheep tracks; but so it was. Mr. Hatfield, in his rich treasure tomes of “Historic Notices of Doncaster,” has a vivid description of pack-horse travel as given by an old dame, called Widow Myers, who was a long time an inmate of St. Thomas' Hospital, and died at the remarkable age of Io; in 1847. She had seen as many as fifty pack-horses in a train. Our tradesmen and farmers were indebted to this mode of transit for their goods. * * * The strange picture presented to view previous to the commencement of the journey, may be easily conceived, when it is stated that the leaders at the sound of the driver's voice, began to prick their ears and toss their heads, indicating their readiness to start; that the little bells,” which decorated their harness, produced a confused and merry jingle, bringing forth a multitude of people to witness their departure;—there being the travellers with their friends, merchants with their wares, and those heterogeneous personages whose occupation none knew, or seemed very anxious to ascertain. * * * Onwards they moved amid the jingling of bridle reins and saddle bows, along narrow lanes abounding with deep ruts, and roads with a paved track for the especial use of the pack horse, over old commons nearly trackless, and waste grounds marshy and miry—along a green level sward, untouched by the plough, but treacherous to the foot, and requiring the greatest care on the part of the leading horse which had managed to get a secure footing along the treacherous bright green bog, and earned the praise “that beast is worth his weight in gold.” This account, even thus garbled, cannot be pursued, but may be closed by two verses of “The Song of the Pack-horse Driver” by another Doncaster writer, Martingale, whose love for, and fervid and faithful descriptions of the old green lanes and “English country life” are too little known, and occasion is now therefore gladly taken to enliven these heavy pages, with a snatch of wayside glee from his ringing rhymes. - * “ Historic Notices of Doncaster.” Third Series. “Full many a daintie horse had he in stable, Doncaster, 1870. And when he rode men might his bridle hear, b The jingle of the bell seems to have been part of the Gingling in a whistling wind as clear, caparison of other horses than that of the pack-horse. And eke as loud, as doth the chapell bell.” Chaucer says of the abbot, 38o 330th crijam. “Far Over the hill-top and through the deep vale, **, Through the twisting glen, and the wide-spread hollow, Thrice cheered by the Sun-beam, the brook, and the gale, Our long string of horses all merrily follow :- We reach the old Hall, and the old village inn, With its cumbrous sign on the old hinges swinging, Then trudge along cheerily our journey to win, - And stow in the warehouse the stores we are bringing; And we merrily sing to our bells’ sweet chime— Huzza! huzza, for the baiting time ! Oh! the life of the driver’s the Sweetest of lives; 'Tis always glad-changing from village to town;– We have presents for neighbours, for sweethearts, and wives, And know of no care, of rancour, or frown;– For there’s health in the breeze, and there's mirth in our veins, We have vigour of limb, although used to all weather; We tire not, we faint not—but couple the reins, And take a deep cup of pure comfort together ; And merrily sing to our bells' sweet chime— Huzza! huzza, for the baiting time.” A number of entries of the annual payment are given, and almost every entry gives some additional particular connected with it. - CŞpmpage, or ºffiminge sºunty, An Annual Payment made to the Lord of the Manor of Whiston, for right of road over Rotherham Moor. In a comparatively brief period in the life of a kingdom, few changes have been more rapid, and connected with greater improvement, than those affecting high roads and modes of transit, even previously to the introduction of the railways. We have not to leave our own neighbourhood for an illustration of this. In the “Customarye” before recited, it is stated, “That whereas the towne of Rotherham is a great towne,” notwithstanding which there was no high road into that “great towne” from London, on the south as before stated, but by a narrow pack-horse road, or lane, running between “border oak trees” from a point about midway betwixt Whiston and Rotherham, called the Mile Oaks, down into Wellgate; along the whole length of which street, there then flowed an open stream. . Chymyage, or Chiminge, is defined “A toll for passage through a forest,” or other lands, it is exemplified in the following extracts:— 1617. Aug. 8. P' for Chymyage, or libertie of passage, which was paid this year to George Trippett, bayliffe to the Ladie Mary Countesse of Shrewsbury, and claymed in right of her Lordshipp or Mannour of Whiston for passing directly from the Mile Okes in Whiston feilde to the topp of Rotheram more through the middle of Shawe's closes, parcell of the demesne of Whiston, and thence through the middle or hart of the towne for the general good of the towne and specially of Inkepers in the hyestrete and tradesmen in the Market-stede. For before that time the hye rode way ley from Rotheram bridge through Wellgate all along and thence by the bottom of Shawe's closes and so through the bottom of Rotheram flatt in Whiston feilde adionying to Wades grounds where the border okes stand at this day, and so to the said Myle Okes. I say paid for the said Chymyage xxvi vij. 1624. In Chymyage Money to the erle for passing from the Myle Okes to the farr Moreyate where the Kinge's hye rode way ledd downe the bottom of the Rotheram flatt there the auncient border okes whereof are yet standing to the number of fyftye or thereabouts, on both sides the lane bredth. (5tant; from the Croton, &c. 381 1630. To th’erle of Arundell for Chymyage or passage over Whiston feildes the direct way from the Myle Okes to Arthur Burnley's house, notwithstanding the auncient way from the Myle Okes through the bottom of Rotherham flatt adionying to Wades Closes be stopped and layd to the Rotheram flatt, which auncient way was apparent to be sene till within 6 or 7 years last past, being a direct lane compassed with 52 border okes which Burnley cut down when he builded his house, all or the most of them. - 1633. Chymyage rent to my lord of Arundell for passing the new way from Myle Okes to Burnley's yate, for free libertie of passage for carryers the fayrest way over Rotheram More topp and changing th'old way which came from the Myle Okes downe the bottom of Rotheram flatt in Whiston feilde and so downe Wellgate to the Hood Crosse. 1635. Aug" 7. Item for Chymyage or liberty of passing over part of Whiston feilde to Burnley's yate adionyng and opening to Rotheram More vizt to the said Burneley yate upon the alteration of the hyeway from the said Mile Okes downe Rotheram flatt, adionyng to Wade's grounds and so to Wellgate which was the Auncient Rode way or London way for carryers. In which bottom of Rotheram flatt there stood about 50 Border Okes dividing the hye way like a lane until Burneley builded his house there where he now dwelleth which was about xj or xj years now last past who cutt them all down. M". That George Erle of Shrewsbury before we paid him any Chymyage Money took toll of all Carryers for passage from Myle Okes to Canklowe Lydyate at th’entry into Canklowe feilde (not Burneleys yate) for so Andrew Clayton confesseth who helped to receyve the toll there when he was but a boye. 1786. On Nov. 13 it was Ordered that the yearly payment of £1 6s. 8d. which has been many years paid to the Duke of Norfolk for liberty of a road along the Moorgate road to Whiston be discontinued. And that the Greaves do acquaint the Agent of the said Duke with this Order, and represent to him the unreasonableness of such payment now the road is made a public one by Act of Parliament. 1788. Feby 2". That Mr. Tooker do purchase of the Duke of Norfolk all the out-payments on the Estates belonging to the Feoffees and to the Charity School, and that the Greaves do repay Mr. Tooker the purchase money and the expence attending y” same. N.B. These were purchased the 4th March 1788 by S. Tooker Esq. for the Feoffees for £25 and A. I I Is... the Deeds cost." From the preceding curious entries we learn that before chymyage was agreed to be paid to the Earl of Shrewsbury for right to pass direct over Rotherham Moor, the pack-horse road from London to the north would turn down on the right-hand, at what was called the Mile Oaks, betwixt Whiston and Rotherham, at about the point which now open up the avenue to Mr. S. W. Badger's mansion, crossing the field at an angle, about three parts down the field, to an ancient wall and steep bank, still existing. It extends in nearly a straight line to within one field of Moorgate Grove. The same ancient wall and bank again appears on the north side of Moorgate Grove, and runs in a straight line along the bottom of the properties of Mr. Chrimes, Mr. Guest, and Mr. Haywood, up to the Moorgate Hall property, where Burnley built his house, and who is said to have cut down the fifty-two border oaks. From thence it seems to have turned up to the left, and again to the right into Wellgate down Hollowgate. It is difficult to account for its circuitous course. The new road down Rotherham Moor would begin at the Mile Oaks, passing through Upper Moorgate, about where Mr. Jubb's residence now stands, to lower or Cancklow Moorgate, or Cancklow Lydgate, as sometimes called, through the Beast Market, in “Hye Strete,” before it passed along the bottom of “Hye Strete,” at Hoodcross. * The payment of £25 included a fee farm or quit rent of 2s. a year, payable to the duke on the charity school lands, occupied by Tingle's, in the parish of Ecclesfield. 382 - 3ädtiſtrijam. 3Ibgtract of 3Ittounts of the froſteeg of the Common Iantig of ſiotherham, alillotatºti, The entries of the accounts of the present body of Feoffees of the Common Lands begin in 1589; but for many years only a summary, or “breviate ’’ as it is called, is given, stating that the accomptants charge themselves with having received, and discharge themselves with having expended the sums expressed, with a brief general enumeration of what the disbursements were for. The accounts were presented at a meeting of the inhabitants held in the church, and the accomptants are declared to be “clearely acquitted for ever thes being witnesses,” &c.; but although the details were not at that time entered in the book, it appears that they were presented to the meeting. Recently a bundle of ragged, dirty, and discoloured papers, ticketted “done with,” have been turned up in the feoffees’ box, and these, with some painstaking, were found to be details of the “breviates” of the annual accompts above mentioned, kept on loose sheets of paper of all shapes and sizes, and in all styles of handwriting, from the beautiful print-like “fine Roman hand” of that period, to the rude, heavy, all but undecipherable scrawl of the less clerkly accomptants. These accounts date from 1549, just forty years earlier than the entries given in the feoffees’ book, and must have been the accounts of a body of men acting, in a limited form, in the same capacity, as the charter constituting this body of feoffees was given in 1589. These so termed “obsolete” relics of an early period of the town's existence, were found to be of great interest, and the feoffees wisely decided to have them placed in competent hands for the purpose of being deciphered and copied. The result has fully justified the step taken, and redounds to the public spirit of the feoffees, and much to their own satisfaction. The following is a verbatim et literatim copy of the first sheet which bears a date (1549); it shows the description of charges which had to be met, and the kind of necessities which had to be relieved at that time; the other extracts consist of such “Items” as are interesting or curious. The sums given separately in relief are generally small in amount, but in some years the number of persons to whom they are given is large, especially when the then population of the town is taken into account. The spelling of the originals is as nearly as possible preserved. Expence layde owt for the vse of the Comones and other charge for the town of Rotherhm by hus Rob" Swyfe and Wiffm Whitmor Comon graves for the saide town Ao’ RR6 Edwardi sexti secondo. [1549] In Pºimis Delt to pore pepill the day of o' ente . º te ii; iiij" Itm in Brede and ale . e © º © te e ij vilj" Itm gyffyn to Thomas Barowe 6 his wyfe when they ley seke xij" Itm gyffyn the Constobles to pay the kynge fre Rent at the feast of Saynt Michill & e tº e ſº © Itm to the Constables for their costé to Hikkilton torn at the feast of Saynt Michill . e e * > ſº e o iſ vi" Itm to my lorde for the Chymiege at the feast of Saynt Mychill xxvi vij" Itm p" to o' comon herde at o' Court at the feast of Saynt Mychill by Desire of the quest . e tº { } e Itm paid to o' pynder at the saide Court by Desire of the Saide quest . tº * © * > o g tº tº vii;" xij, iij" vii; d (5tant g from the (ºr ſºn, &c. 383 Itm p" to Ric' Shepde and Robt Sandis for makyng a Comon yate of the more * } e tº tº gº © Itm for iſ stopis and tymb to the Sam yate . © e ſº Itm p" for my lorde of Shrusbery fre Rent at the feast of Saynt Mychill e º g e c e e Itm payde to the Kyng for an obit for mº Thôs. Rerisby Itm payde for Wilcoke obit . g tº e gº Ç Itm payde to Ric' Shepde for mendyng the pynfolde yate Itm for tymb for the Sam . e we º o e Itm payde to Ric' Shepde for hangyng iſ Comon yatté in the crose felde j Comon yate at Estwode syde j Comon yatté at Cantlowe felde . ge e © ſº e gº te Itm payde to Wilm Tyngill for Hegeyng [hedging] by the Sam yatté and for thornnes to the Sam iij days . & Itm payde to Włłm Tyngill for mendyng the Comon Hege 6 Henry Symson € thornnes to the Sam . e {º g Itm payd to Reynolde Roodis for hyngyng a yate by Westgat lane . e © tº gº º e * > cº © Itm to John Aukryng for mendyng of Constable axe . Itm payd to Henry Lawton for Iron warke to the pynfold Itm payd to Henry Lawton for iſ Chennes [chains] makying to of Comon yatt( . ſº e º ſº tº sº a Itm payd to Robt. Shepde for makyng a newe yate of the Croft( . {º ſº © Q tº e (e e e Itm for tymb to the Sam yate Ç º tº Itm gyffyn to Robt. Brodley when he was seke Itm gyffyn to Helen Rossell when she ley seke tº O Itm gyffyn to Henry Lawton for makyng an Iron belle to the yate of this syde towll both . g ſe e . . It payde to Robt Sandé for boryng holis € hyngyng of the Sam yat . e e e ſº e o tº e Itm gyffyn Charls Barley and his wyfe when they ley seke Itm p" to Edmond gurre for the wayte gown and linyng of the Sam . º ū e tº e tº g tº Itm p" for the iij" belstryng and ijekë e * º wº Itm p" to Ric' Sawode 6 Robt. Broghton cóstable for haueing Johan wilson to yorke for their costě . ge wº © Itm p" to the Sam Constablis for careyng vi pore men 6 wemen w" j litill carte e iij horses to thriber e Itm gyffn to Helyn Russell when she ley seke . tº tº Itm p" to Robt machon for a neke to o' gret Bell wº te Itm payd to the Kynge Cómyssioners for the Conduct money and Cotté for o' Sawgers [soldiers] laborrs . º Itm for vi yerde of cloth for Withm Levens and Randall Base - Itm to Thomas Hirst for to by a shirt . • . Itm gyffyn to the Sawgers when they went forth . g ſº Itm p" to Thomas Boswell & Robt. Broghton for iſ payre hose 6 lynyng for Randall Base 6 Levenes . tº © e It for canves 6 makyng of the sam hose . te It for their Coste of meyte drynke at Doncast It p" to Thomas Hirst for his hose o e It for platte costé . g e ſº © It for the Constable 6. Thös boswell Costé It to Elyn Rossell another tyme . tº e Q Itm to Thomas Holande for mendyng the Comon yatté vij - j iiij xxvi. vii; iiij 384 330tiſtrijämt. Itm gyffyn to the Constabls at the syse tym for foloyng agynst John Wilson . e ſº tº O º . viijº Itm p" to Wiſłm Tyngill for mendyng the yat at Saynt Anne d well . º e • . º {º e º e ii Itm p" for my Lordé fre Rent at Es? ſº ſº º . viijº } Itm p" to the Constable for gate to Hikkillton torn . e iji vi" It for careyng a poure woman to thriber . . . . . ijº Itm for makyng the yate at Badsamor lane . º º j" Itm for hyngyng the yate of the Croft( to John Yowll and Robt. Shepde . {º C e © tº gº e vi" Itm to Hoylande for fillyng vnd? the yate . . • iii;" Itm gyffyn Randall Base when he ley seke . e º cº iii." It p" to Robt. Shepd for mendyng John Butiller house . vº vijº Itm for tymb to the Sam house . e g º 0 iſ iſ Itm for naylles to the sam house . gº ge te te xxij" Itm for Coste of Robt broghton & Thos Boswell to Doncast for puttyng in the Bill for relefe * g gº e xii)" It for Coste to Doncast for careage. . ſe xvi" It for Coste for Sº Włłm Robt. Broghton wim Banke e Heughe Rawson to Doncast for relefe for the p’ſ poor]. j' 1553. The first item that occurs this year is a very suggestive one, and indicates how the Roman station of Templebrough would owe the destruction of its ancient remains to something more than time. S. d. Item paid to Robt. Machon for caryg 6 loyd stone from Tempyll brouge . 2 Item paid to John Awkerede for mending a loke of ye quere dore in yº Chappell at Bryge * e g e gº tº © tº 2 1553–4. Consist of the ordinary items of repairs of “yates” and relief. 1554. Item paid to Robº Elles for makyng Comon Buttes . e tº e * I6 1556. The following item is difficult to understand: Item for nailles to ye scepulcre & for wood & a corde and mendyng of it . 2% Several years appear to be missing, and there is little of importance until 1568: 1568. Item paid to Mr Lete for whacheng [watching] of ye Quene of Skots . . 4 Item paid to Mter Bayley for wacheng of ye Quene of Skottes & e 2 5 These two items are curious, and call for some comment. They relate to the journey of Mary, Queen of Scots, in the first year of her imprisonment, from Bolton to Tutbury. The following are abstracts from instructions to Sir F. Knollys as to the route to be taken.” From Bolton to Rippon, 16 myle, and there to Sir Wm. Mallery, I myle dymd lye with one of these at your choyce. from Ryppon. - Richard Norton, 2 myles from And the trayne to lye at Rippon. Rippon. Simon Musgraue Esq. in the town of Rippon. From Rippon to Wetherby IO myles and there John Vavassor Esq: 3 myles from to lye with Wetherby. And the trayne to lye at Wetherby. - From Pomfrett to Rotheram 16 myles And there to lye in the Towne, which will also receave the trayne. The best waye after ye passe Yorkshire (wherwith I haue no dealing) is as I am infourmid, to Chesterfelde, neere to ye which Mr. Godfray Fullgham hath a house, and from thence to Wingfelde, where my L. of Shrewsbury hath a house, or to some place theraboutes, and so to Tudbury. a From state Papers, Scotland, Vol. III., No. 17. (5 rants from the (ºr 0 by m, &c. 385 In a letter to the Privy Council," Knollys says “we meane to stay this Q. at Sheffylde,” and speaks of the Earl of Shrewsbury coming to his “house of Sheffelde,” to take the charge of the Queen. - After saying “we cannot staye at Sheffeld as you directed us, by cause my ladie of Shrewsbury hathe convayed all the hangynges from thence to furnyshe Tudburye,” Knollys says “wherefore we mean, god wylling, to staye onely here to-morrowe all daye, bycawse this Q. complaynes of werynes.” - He begins a letter" by saying “My ladie Leviston, whom this Q. doth exteme moste dearlye, did falle syche yesterdaye at Rotheram ymmediatelye before the sayde Q. comyng awaye from thence, wherevppon altho this sayd Q. did not greatlye contende to staye hyr removying at that present, yet by the way.” The queen not being well, they stayed at the house of Mr. Fulgeham, “besyde Chesterfelde,” whence he writes 1st February, 1568. In a letter to the Duke of Norfolk, dated May 17, 1570, the queen says, “But, I have need to care for my health, since the Earl of Shrewsbury takes me to Chastwyth [Chatsworth] and the pestilence was in Rotherham and in other places not further than Fuljeam's next land.” It seems that the towns through which the unfortunate queen had to pass, had to provide persons to keep watch—the cost of this at Rotherham does not seem to have been very serious. It is not easy to conjecture where the queen and so large a train of horses and carriages could be worthily entertained in the Rotherham of that day; “the Inne called the Crowne’ existed in High Street in 1627, and perhaps would do so at the period in question. If so, it must have boasted of considerable accommodation, as we are told that “the queen and her family could not have been removed at that inclement season, if the Bishop of Durham had not lent Mr. Knollys sixteen horses.” It will be seen from a previous statement that the plague had visited Rotherham about this time. - S. d. 1569. Item payd Mr Belle towards makeng of ye Cokepyt . º e e . 2C) Item payd for feyng of ye Cokepyt in bred & hayll . e º º º I 2 The following entries shew the scope of the Feoffees “halmys” (alms): Imprymys To the pore to hold Sanders wyffe . A- e º tº g 4. Item in halmys to ye sayd wyffe at Sondre tymes . e e & º I 3 Item in halmys to ye sayd wyfe into ye handes of Armfeldes wyfe tº e I9 Item in halmys to ye sayd wyfe at Sondre tymes . * g º e 17 Item in halmys to ye sayd wyfe departeng to Collears wyffe for bred and hayll for ye sayd Sanders wyffe furth breinging e º º & e 17 Item payd for a wenchyng [winding] Sheyt for her . e tº & tº I 2 Item payd Annyer Newson for wenden [winding] her . e º º º 2 Item payd Thomas Hall & Robert Byt for ye Cherche dutty * , e. 2 Item payd to John Stell for makeng ye Common Butts d . e e e I4. Charges for making or mending the Common Butts, where the inhabitants of the town at that period practised shooting, occur in every account. The butts were in a three-acre field, called St. Anne's, where also there was a celebrated spring of water, which still remains, but is no longer celebrated. r Charges also for mending the numerous town “yates,” the pinfold, and “schole house,” constitute the greater portion of the items which compose the accounts, and which it is needless to repeat. The town wells also seem to have required great attention and continual * Letter No. 31. This written from Pomfrett, 29 Jan., I568. b No. 32, Knollys to Sir William Cecil. This is dated, “In haste from Rotheram,” 29 Jan. I568. ° No. 35, Knollys to Sir William Cecil. d “Not only is every man in England bound, by the Common Law, and ancient Statute Law, to have sufficient arms (every weapon was formerly called ‘armour’)—a provision peculiarly characteristic of a free people—but every parish (town) was also bound to have, and keep ready for use, a certain amount of armour, as its quota towards the national defence; and, when called upon, the parish had to find the man or men, as occasion needed, ſitly trained to the active use of this armour. * * There was a regular “View of armour” made twice every year by the constables; when all persons or parishes found wanting, were presented. See “Statute of Winchester” (I3 Ed. I., stat. 2, cap. 6), and an illustration in Kennett's “Parochial Antiquities,” p. 266. * * Gifts and bequests were often left to parishes to supply the cost of the parish armour' and ‘setting out of soldiers.' * * In country places, the armour was kept in the church for security; and so got to be sometimes called the ‘church armour’ or ‘church harness,’ though having nothing whatever to do with the church ; just as the parish house got called the ‘church house.” In the records of Lambeth Parish occurs the following, in 1568:—‘For skouring the church harness, and carriage to and fro; and a man to wear it before the justices, 3s. 8d.’”—“The Parish,” by Toulmin Smith, 2nd edition, pp. 518, 519, notes. 49 386 3ädtiſtrijam. repair and cleaning out, the principal of which were the Wellgate Wells. The fine stream, which flowed down the street, seems to have been deepened at different places, at which access was given to the stream by steps. Amongst the names given to the numerous “yates” of the common lands are the following:—Shillypyt Lane, Gallows Lane, Dalton Broke Yate, Oitt Field Yate, Doncaster- gate End Yate, Pigon Lane Yate, Common Lane End Yate, two yatts in the crose felde, Estwode Yate, two at Cantlowe felde, Westgate Lane Yate, Saynt Anne's Well Yate, yate above y” Pinfolde, Badsamore Lane Yate, Heselgrove Yate, Swine More Yate, yate at Nedams, Dogsecke Yate. It seems that there existed an obligation to make and maintain these “yates,” as, amongst charges for amercements in default, we find, “Payd for mercymentes for yates vnmade.” There is also a charge which is very puzzling at the present day. S. d. Item. Gyffyn to Henry Lawton for making an Iron belle to ye yate this syde towll both. - Item to Maude Wilkoke for lokying to the chapell . . te * © 2O Item to pore folke that ley of the more seke of the plage . e © 4 Item to ye sope maker when he ley seke . e 2 Item to the belman for goyng about the town to bed Ibid] kep [keep swyne of the more . º º I The first entry for the piper's gown is as follows. Further particulars of this prominent functionary's garment will be found afterwards. S. d. Item payd for vi yards of cles for Jamys pyper gone [gown] - -> . I I O Item payd to Marshall for dyeng of ye Sam . . º • e I5 Item payd Thomas Wod for shereng on ye same . e & e & º 2 Item payd for lyeneng to Rawfe Engell . º e e º e © 22 Item payd to yº sayd Rawfe for maykeng . º s e - º & I 2 - 1569. A great deal of work seems to have been done at Wellgate Wells this year, amounting to A4; a sum which includes seventy-two days’ work, besides carting and materials, and “for wod to y” well shetell,” so that it would seem there was a shuttle to the well. S. Payd further by me Jeffray Wollyne the fyrste day of Julye I570 for fleshe 33 Item geven to the pore in allmes the same daye . e º e o ... 6 Item geven the same day to Agnes Walker in Almes house tº © Item payd Hughe Wattsone for maulte the seconde of Jueli e tº ... 8 Item payde to William Grayve and Rob Berkenshawe for a legge of mouttOn . - de : 5 The beginning of July seems to have been marked by sundry unusual charges for provisions of various kinds; to several persons “flesh ’ having been given in considerable quantities. S. Payd to Henry Foxe wyfe for a stroke of otte Mealle º & º º I6 Item payd to Worrall wyff for a peke of Salt . º º . e º 5 Item pyd for a calve on Tewesday the 4 of Julye o g e & • 4 4 Item payd the same daye to Robert Wilson for halfe a natte & a quarter Imutton . © e º e e º e e & º te e I4. Item payd for butter of Frydday the 6th of July . º e * º . 3 4 Item payd to Rob Wilson for beffe & muttune & e º . . . I4. Item payd to Henry Fox for wayrdinge of ye more . e e g . 7 Item payd for fleshe for ye vysytt fookes. º º e - w . I7 9 Item payd to Hughe Wattson for maulte the 9th Julie º • , a . 8 2 Item payd for sault & all other neceries . & • & tº • • I I Item payd for caredge to the moure for 7 weekes e & º • . 7 Payd to the Melners. e o O e º tº © e e 4 Payd to Christofer Goodyeare for wardenge of the moure for 5 weekes . I7 Item more for flesh this daye being ye IOth of July . & • . e. , 24 (5tants frºm the Crutun, &c. 387 An explanation of these and other items, amounting to £9 12s. 6d., which would be represented by something serious at that period, when men's wages were at the most one shilling a day, and other things in proportion, seems to be afforded by the circumstance that the plague was then prevailing at Rotherham. In consequence, lodges for the reception and treatment of persons seized by the pestilence were erected on the Moor; to these they conveyed, and were there provided for, and the Moor was watched and warded according to the items charged for that purpose. The large expenses entailed on this occasion seem to have required advances on loan to be made by private persons, as the accounts specify sums repaid to different persons for money advanced by them “in the plague tyme.” Amongst these grave outlays comes the comic one of - S. d. Payd to Sall for kyllyng of one catt . tº & º e s e e 4. I574. Item for caryinge dust to Shefeld taken at the mylne . e o º 8 Item for workemanshipp on the pyllory to Parkyn 2 dayes te & e I6 I575. Item delyuered into thands of the sworne men to paye Mr. Sherbroke . II I579. Item på for dressynge the Townes harnes at Whitsontyd . . . . I 2 Item pº to Rowland Robyson for the Waytes Cloth & lyninge (this is the first charge of this kind) G e tº e © º º . IQ 9 Item to Roger Woodhouse for mending the gybcrake & for wood for the Saſſle . tº e • • e º º e e . . ſº 4 1581. Item for the Waytes Cotes the outsyde . e e º º º . 2 I Item for lyninge . e º e º º º © . . o . 4 For makyng buttons & sylke . e e * º e As º º 4 4 The Greaves begin their annual accounts in a book in 1589, but with particulars of expenditure which are continued on loose sheets, presented at the annual meeting. S. I592. Item payd for twoo blowing hornes for the swineheard º & e Item payd for the covering with lether of thaffordsayd blowing hornes . Item payd to Richard Inkersall for making a well in Wellgate for the cattle to drink at º º e © ſº º ſº tº e e te Item payd to two men for making the common chiste, Stokes, gibcratche and covering for a table for the common haule . º © & º Item payd for the leading from Estwoole of th’aforsayd Common Chest, Stockes & the rest . I 2 Item payd to John Bankes for yrons to the Stockes having all the yron of . th'olde Stockes . • • g & © e • • © © 2 8 Item of lent money to the towne in the plague tyme which was now paid to Chrstofer Taylor . & & - IO Item payd Mr West man for writinge al copye of the lease of Denibye which was sent to London . ſº & tº © ſº e tº © 2 I593. Item payde for foure yeardes & thre quarters of red & for nyne yeardes of Cotton to the Waytes of the towne of Rotheram . e ſº & . 33 9 Item payde for foure nayles of taffetie & for fourtene yeardes of lacinge and Syxe dossen of buttons and three sceynes of threed to their cotes & 2 IO Item payd for the makinge of the Waytes coates - º . . ... 3 Item for canvys to the bodyes of their cotes . • . º © e 2 In the receipts for herbage money, William West is said to be of F irbeck, his son, “Francis, being now a lawyer at Rotherham.” - S. d. Item given to the pore of the Almes House the 29th day November when they ley sicke . e º º Q © e ſº ſº ſº © & 6 Item given to the pore of the Almes House at Christmas º - º I6 Item to Robert Okes of the money he laide downe at the plage tyme. . IO Item paid to Edward Holland for the money laide downe by him in the plage tyme towardes the Common charges of the town g © . 3O II Item paid for Wyne and Suger when we went to Mr West of Firbecke for hys Counsaile . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I 594. There is a list of thirteen persons being paid off for money lent at the plague time amounting to £9 35. Iod. 388 330th crijam. There is amongst the Greaves' accounts, an account, or part of one, of the church- wardens, for 1594, which appears elsewhere. The book of accounts of the churchwardens commences in 1672. S. d. 1595. Item paid to John Kidde for dressinge of Armour . g e * & 3 Item paide for a locke at the yate at the Chapell e g g º º 2 Item Irbey for mosse to the Schole house a * e & g & 22 Item for fetchenge the same at Haworthe . tº e tº tº IO Item to Sandall for mossinge and ridgeinge the Scholehouse tº te ſº Item to Henry Brown & Geffrey Woollen towards mending of Sparkelane [now Talbot Lane] . • tº gº e g tº ſº . IO Pd to ye settinge forth of ye souldiers . ſº º & 24 Pd to ye beigle [beadle] for his wages agaynst Whitsuntide. 3 4 Pd to Robert Bankes for leadinge stone to ye Crosse g g * ſº 3 Pd to Edward Redwarde & ye masons for settinge vp of ye Crosse . . I8 To ye Constables for ye Souldiers . e º * g tº te . 24. Given to Wm. Ashley for mendnge the butt which was shot down tº gº 6 Payde to John Pits for paving at ye Hood Crosse 22 yeardes . e tº 3 8 1596. There are a number of receipts on small slips of paper, several of which are here given. The 20 daie of November 1596. Rec the daie & year abovesaid of the Cunstable thereof the sixt and last taxe vnto her mate nowe vidz £3. Per me Gilbertum Saltonstall—Collectbrem ibidem. - The 24th of Octobre 1596. Rec of the Comone Graves of Rotherham Seven Shillings due to hear Mtie at the feast of St Mychaell last past for Sertane landes in Rotherham. - Willm Barton. One in full discharge of “our Counstables Lay, £5 2s. 8d.” The 11th day of October in the year of the Reigne of our Sovering lady - Elizabeth reign 39—1597. Receyved the day and year aboveseyd of Christopher Tayler & Nycholas Tym 2 on her Majesty's graves of Rotheram for one year rent endyd at the feest of St Mychell thercangell last past deu to hir majty fourth of certyne messuages, landes and tenementes and appurtenences in Rotherham which the County of York purchased as landes concealed and rented by year. By me John Smyth Deputy vntou Edward Morris Collector. Paid the 7th of December 1597 to the Clarke of the Market and for a potell of wine and for Oure dineres I.33. 4d, given to his man 6d. Per me Francis Dickenson. The Greaves’ Accompts for 1597, with disbursements for benevolences to not less than one hundred and forty poor persons, in some few cases of threepence and fourpence each, but for the most part of twopence each, indicate a very large proportion of very needy persons, in the small population of that period. º S. d. Lad forth for Tho Greaves clothes : Thre yeardes & a half of secking for to make a dublett for the Sayd Thomas . & e & e § ſº © { } tº e & 2 4. Thre yeardes of harding for lininge for yt e * te e tº e I7 A yearde & half of gray to make him britches . tº e ſº tº gº 2O A yearde & half of harding for lyninge for the hose e ſº tº. tº 9 Two yeardes of hempteare for a shirte for him with the making of yt . º 22 To Henry Garrett for makinge of thafforesayd Thomas Greaves for dublett and hose . * dº e ' s e * ſº * & g o . . 20 A paire of Stockinges for him with a dozen of poyntes . se te ſº 2O A paire of Showes for him . gº • . o ſº ſº g tº § 2O The whole which is layd forth for the sayd Thomas Greves cometh to . I3 For ale and breade for the pore children when measure was taken of them to make ther cotes . e te ſº gº tº * * qº º tº te 5 Grants from the Crotum, &c. 389 S. d. To Robi Okes for three yeardes of hardinge to lyne the pore folkes clothes within the bodyes & º © º o º & -> º tº I8 To Henry Garrett for making the clothes for six pore children and for Girkyn and hose for Thomas Roe with a payre of hose for olde Milforth 4 5 To Widow Jones who kepeth two pore children º º º tº - 3 Sept. To Richard Edmundeswyf for a gallon of ale & 2d. in breade which Robi Okes and Jeffry Wollen left vnpayd at the settinge vp of the Crosse I4. 13. For eightene yeardes of blacke russett Clothe to make the pore clothes of 26 8 18. To Francis Dickenson for five yeardes of redde clothe for th’waytes of the towne to make their cotes e e º s º º tº . 32 This gives the colour of their costume. To Roger Worrall for 2 Horse loade of coles which he caryed to the Almeshouse . e & e e º g e º o e e 8 For a locke for the yate at the lane in the upper ende of Welgate leadinge to the tythe lathes. © "tº e tº e - e º º o 4 I599. Pd to the Swynnard his wagge e e e º º º e . IO Pd to Thomas Barlow for a mersyment for not wearyinge of Cappes” . 3 4 The income of the feoffees for 16oo. - S. d. Rec of Mr Mountnaye & Wm Taylior being greves before vs the some of 9 6 3 Rec of the rentes of the landes the some of * e . 29 5 I Rec for Arbighe [Herbage] moneye the some of º e e e 6 Rec of all theis accownts above mencionyd the Juste some of [Nicholas Carr and Edwd Holland Greaves] e e . 38 I5 9 Of this they only seem to have expended £24, 16s. Iod. Thomas Woodhousse and Richard Rawson, chosen 8th of August, 1600, come in with a balance from the late Greaves of £13 18s. I Id, ; and the only item in their account is one showing the ancient standing of an usage still existing under the name of the “fastening penny ” in hiring servants. S. d. For ye Swynerds rent and gode's [God’s] pennie . g e º º . 4 Payd for ye yeat by the Chapell to Hadfielde . º e 2 Payd for ye locke and key for ye Yeate neere the Chappell . Payd for a pick and a houpe for the yeat by the Chappell e & Pd to the Constables for salt peter men and towards the repayre of diuers brydgges as appeareth by their quyttance tº & º e & º Pd to Robt. Banckes for leading of 4 loades of stone and gravel to the hyeway mendinge at Stonde Crosse and for Jhon Pyttes worke withall I603. : 2 2 This would be the Hood Cross, which appears to have stood at the bottom of Doncastergate head, and to have been a stone cross; the charges for repairs around it are many and comparatively large in amount, in this year's account. In 161 I we have a detailed account of the lands, tenements, and herbage money, evidently by the hand of Francis West, who had succeeded his father, William West, who purchased the manor of Firbeck. Ad/ºuc secundo August? Anno Doming 16II Martinmas I6 II The rentall of the Common Lands payable halfeyerelye & Pentecost I612 - - Robert Bintcliffe for the Talbot with a lathe and a croft in Wellgate and lands late in the severall tenures of Roebuck and Bryan Shawe with a croft in Wellgate adioyninge to St. James Chapell yard late in the tenure of Jeffrey Woollen. Together and a roode of land by estimacion late in the tenure of Widowe Rawson . . - . iiiji xd * By 13 Eliz., c. 19. It was enacted “That every person personages, and every lord, knight, and gentleman of above the age of seven years, shall wear upon the Sabbath and holy-day (unless when on their travels out of their towns, hamlets, &c.) upon their head a cap of wool, knit, thicked and dressed in England, made within this realm, and only dressed and finished by some of the trade of cappers, upon pain to forfeit for every day not wearing 3s. 4d., except maids, ladies, gentlewomen, noble twenty marks land, and their heirs, and such as have borne office of worship in any city, borough, town, hamlet, or shire, and the Wardens of the Companies in London.” This act was repealed 39 Eliz., c. 18-45. In the accounts of the expenditure of Walden, in 1576, we have, “To one that came down with a comymission for wareing of hatts and capps, in money 6s. 8d.” -- * 39C) ãotherham. Henrye Baynes for his dwellinge house and certain lands in Rotherham which he holdeth in right of his wife late wife of Thomas Barley . xxvis viijd Richard Bell, chaundler for his dwelling house adjoyninge the said house late Barleys eastwards e º e & º © e William Bonner for his dwellinge house in Briggate and a shopp openinge towardes the Churchyard late in thoccupation of Gawyn Bulfield . º º o º º e . . . e e XS Thomas Alldam for his dwellinge house adioyninge to Bonners . xvijs John Pyttes for certaine land and medow in Rotherham . -> . vijs Anthony Rogers for lande and medowe late in Boner's tenure and for parcell of lande and medowe late in Cawthornes occupacion . . x15 Nicholas Holmes dier for his house in Milngate . . . . . xxijs vid Edward Worrall for his dwellinge house situate vpon Rotherham Bridg with a stable and Swynehulls over the brooke and for a croft - and a garden adioyning together at Rawmarsh lane end . • xjs viijd Jennett Ellis for certaine houses in Millngate . & o - & jd xviijs iiijd Adhuc secundo August? I6 II. Anne Letchworthe for her dwelling house in Westgate with landes in Rotherham and Marsbrugh . * ſe e º * - e Vxor Slack for a cottage in Wellgat with a garden now in the occupa- tion of Henry Slack and for certain landes in Rotherham feild . XXS Thomas Colte for certain lands and medowe late in the severall tenures of Simon Colte his father and Leonard Browne and Robert Cawthorne © e e & º e • , = • • . xiijs iiijd Vxor Roberti Cawthorne senioris defuncti for one acre of medowe in Castleford sick one rood in Bentymore and one acre in Whynnimore xvijs and for one acre arable in the Netherfeild . e e e o XVS Richard Gillott of Sawell closes in Dalton lately purchased of Nicholas Mounteney gentleman sometimes the land of Richard Rawson lijs iiijd Robert Burgon for his dwelling house in Marsbrugh with a croft adioyning late in the tenure of John Colley. º * º © XS Wm. Overall for arable land in Elmire e & & º © e ijs id Summe halfe yearly º - xviijli iiijs xjd Summe totalis . . . xxxvii ix3 xd The true copie hereof and of the rentall of the herbage money in the page following was deliuered ouer to the new graves for this year following. Ad/ºzac secºndo A ugusti I6II. in Comitatu and kept in severally in Rotherham with ye consent of ye Commynalty or for Rotherham ": money yerely payable at one time for certaine parcells of ground inclosed Eboraci want of payment to be cast open as Common untill yt be satisfied. Md to serch the old book of accompts in King Henry theightes tyme whereby it appearith how thes closes have bene letten for herbage for winter pasture and fallowe yeare. Thomas Clayton firmarius Comitis Salopie (fermer to th’erle of Shrews- bury) for all ye closes beyond his orchard adjoyninge togethir (lying along the banks of the Ryver of Don) being at ye first inclosure tº e o . . e. e. g. e. afterwardes every yeare at five shillinges ye herbage to ye towne but sithence with drawne to e • e & º tº ſº ijs vid Nicholas Mounteney gentleman for his croft next to ye Cockpitt Alley - called Snell Croft e e . . . e t- e º iiijd Roberte Tagg for a fold ypaled at Doncaster gate head (at his Barnes) iiijd Thomas West gentleman for a fold taken in about his barne there in Nicholas Carrs tenure . tº * © . . º & e iijd Henrye Browne for a folde walled in vpon ye Croftes adioyninge to his house there late Hurstes . g © e ſº º º © 4- iijd Thomas Hoyle for ye like about his house there º º e iijd Richard Buntinge for his garden adioyninge to his barne on ye Colledge leyes . e º e tº te e º º • o iiijd Richard Burrose for his garden on the west side of ye Cockpitt alleys iiijd 1606. Summa totalis lxxvii. xvii. xjd of all recyptes. (śrant; frºm tiſt (ºr Gium, &c. - 39 I Whereout disbursed this year in extraordinarye charges which happened in clearing the said Common landes of certeine rentes which before this were paid to the late Queene and the Kinges Maiestie that now ys, as namely of thold rent of xiiijs per annum which was due before the new purchase of the said late Queene, lykwise for severing our rentes in the Exchequer from Wickersley and Marre and otherwyse as by a Decree at large vnder the seale of the Exchequer with Constates therevpon procured this year and now remayning in the Comon Chist about came to lvis Together with rentes and dutye to therle of Shrewsbury charges of sutes and trubles about Denabye farme, Common charges of the towne, as in making Common yates, stiles, and fences. In discharge of the townes apparance at Hickleton turne. In burying the pore. In mayntenance of a beadell and other common servantes of the towne. In discharge of the towne of Salt peter men and for wax for the Kinges houshold and Sundry other common charges which grewe this year as by a particular reckoning delivered this day by the said Thomas Brown and remayning in the Comon Chist vnder two keys th'one in the hand of Mr. Mounteney thother in Robert Okes keeping may appear. - - The above, with slight variations, is the form in which the annnal expenditure is accounted for in the book, for a great number of years. Pd to the Sheriff belaye [bailiff] for his fisse [fees] at Sir Thomas Reresbys Sute . . . . . . . . . . . ijs iiijd Paid Mr. Bamforth for answeringe the cawse and for bringing down the declaration . te e • e e * tº ſº t viijs vid Paid Mr. West for his charges at Wakefeild on our busnes • • vs iiijd Paid Mr. Flecher for Consell . tº . . e . . gº XS - Pd Mr. Fisher and Mr. Bamforth for their fisse and for Consell about On towneS CauSeS at tow termes tº e ſº e . vli vs The following is a curious document to be found in the Feoffee's Accounts:— Rotherham. Lottery Money. I615. M4 that this yeare about the beginning of June 1615 those whose names be subscribed upon notice to them given from the Rt honorable John Lord Darcye who recey'ved lettres from the Counsell for Contributions to the Lottery this year intended for (Virginia) Did contribute to adventure thereunto as followeth, vzt. - Robert Hill alias Williamson . tº ſº § g e & e ijs vid Francis Dickenson . e & ſº e § & tº wº tº VS - Richard Bunting . g & ge g & • e e e VS Francis West . * g g g º º e tº . . . VS William Ingle . & & e tº , º wº ſº g © g ijs vid Antony Rogers e tº e * tº & e o ſº º iijs iiijd Thomas Oke of the Bull . tº . . . tº ſº tº . . ijs vid Thomas Okes younger . g g º © ſº ſº § ſº ijs vid Jeffrey Okes his brother . e e & © gº e e e ijs vid Thomas Browne . º & g * tº º * tº & iijs iiijd Lewys West º . . tº º tº º wº © * tº ijs vid Margaret Colt widowe . * © e • e ºp © (e VS Elizabeth Hunsley widowe . tº * * e ſe e tº e VS Phillip Fletcher * º tº tº & tº g e e & ijs vid Robert Winter . ſº e & gº © º © {} © * ijs vid Nicholas Carr . ( : g * e º tº ſº te ſº ſº ijs vid Out of the Comon box tº & g º & e o * tº vs Xd Summe iij" (all this is payd againe the 30 of March 1616) Our posye or motto ys (finis Coronat actionem). Per F. WEST. ge # S. d. There are charges for pavinge 3 score and 12 yeardes at hood crosse, timber, Stone, sand, &c., amounting to 36 I606. Item pº for mayntenance of salte peter workes and towardes the repayre Easelforth Bridge and for the reliefe of prisoneres in the kinges bench and Mr Halsee and for reliefe of prisoners in ye castle of York . 33 Item for wine and sugar when ye Judges come throw ye towne . g 3 IO 392 - • 33 otherijam. 1609. In the receipts for this year we have S. d. Recd of Ann Wood for Martenmes rent for the Closse Or Croft next St. James Chappell . - • , a s º e e © tº I 3 4. For a Yatt for the Croftes goeinge into Canklowfeild . ſº Q ſº 4 Recd Whytson rent of Robt. Byclif for ye same Closs . . . . 25 Charges at the possession takinge of Dalton browke closses . • • 4 6 I610. Unto the Constables for the makeinge of the Towne Stockes at ye Market Crosse . g º º e e tº e e e e II 6 More to make up charges of a present in Wyne Suger and pepper which was presented in the town's name to my lud of Shrewsbury about Christemas 1608 by Nicholas Mounteney gentleman Robert Okes Francis Dickinson Richard Bunting Francis West William Ingle William Taylor deceased and xlvijs which 7 persons bore ech of them of his owne purse xijs vid besides their own charges Unto Edward Didmore for headinge of the drum 24 May. e 5 I6II. for setting 5 meare stones in the higha (sic) aboue Saint James Chappell IO I612. For 2 yardes 3 quarters of Kersey to make the bigger of Roves whenches a coot . º e o e o 5 6 For harden for the bodye of yt 2. For makinge of yt e º s º e e º • • e 6 1614. For 5 sheppe skines for Hartley son when he was put to his measter . 2 6 2 Dozen brasse buttons º e º tº tº e º 4. To Wim Warde for makinge the said aparell . . . . . . . I 4 1616. Item for the takinge of Harry Baynnes with a proclamation of rebellian vz To Wm Parking for watching the taking of him 2 dayes . * e 2 For Win Parking super and dyner [supper and dinner] . Q © º 8 With charges of several others for watching and assisting. In charges abt Francis Dickensons of Mr Blitheman Mr Hacker and of all the ancient men of the towne and parish . © e º . IO 8 O for his horse hyre to London . © º e e e º º º IO For charges towardes Francis Dickensons goeing to London as con- Serning Our Bellman. • , e ſº ſº º º º te g 50 for wallinge Towlbouthe yatt . s º º e e • & e I 2 To John Pyttes for workinge a day at the broke by Hood Crosse . IO Given to Nonyes being putt to be swinerd by the Jurye at the 26th of October and 29th. e e e e º e e º • • payd for two hornes to Matthew Baxter the 21st of November for Swynenerdes . º e e e tº o º e e tº 3 for Whitt lether . e º o e e o e o e tº . 4 payd to Thomas Parken for coveringe of them . º º © wº 1620. Spente the morrowe after Michelmas daye vpon Gallatree hill vpon the offesares and the Comontye vz 8 Gallondes of Ale 4s I Chesse 4s 5 dossane of breade . SOm tot o e • * e o Spente upon the Constables and Byllawe men with the reste of the neabors which towe payment in throwinge open of the closses . 3 For 4 skines for hosse and dublet for John Cutler's boy goeinge to be aprentes º e © º '• e e & © wº º For 3 yeardes of hardinge for lyninge e º e • • e 2 I For making of the suit to Thomas Warde 42 o o e º I8 Spente at the puttinge in of Mr Barrowe at his cominge in to be Scoulmeaster of a quart of wine and Sugar e e e e & IO For a gallon standerd for haletasters . o º e © e I6 To the poore of the Almes house at severall tymes ë o * º I 2 1621. For 2 dixionaries bought at Yorke 2 Nov 1621 . e e e e 26 8 For a calve skyn to cover them . o e e ſº o & - I6 Paid to John Parkyn for coueringe of them and for a sheepskyn º 8 Paid to John Danport the 18 of Nov 1621 being putt in to be Swine heard . . e tº ſº © e º & e © tº & I3 6 * It would seem as if a word had been left out after “high; " it might be the high ground above St. James' Chapel, or road. The pack-horse road came down into Wellgate near there. (5tants from the Cruſott, &c. 393 - S. d. For a yard of clothe to make a smocke for Hattersley wench whoe is - with John Townend gº ſº * e tº • • gº 8 1623. Pd to the Swinnerd for discharge makinge of a steele [stile] and a new yate at the more ende the 6 of Marche 1623 . tº tº tº tº 4 6 It seems to have been a practice to “moss,” or cover with moss, some descriptions of building. There are frequent charges for moss in repairs of the “Scholehouse.” Some considerable repairs were being done, according to this year's account, at the bridge, or in the building of a wall there, and amongst them is - ;6 s. d. To Maria Genn for getting of moss © 6 To William Genn 2 burden of mosse . 3 To Maria Gen 4 burden . © © e tº * º ſº ſº e 6 To Peeter Heardson the 15th July for leading of 19 lodes of Soddes at 6d per load • tº tº e e - ſº © e g {} º 9 6 Item for leading 2 loads of planks from the forge at Iod the load . e 2O What “forge” would then exist? - 1624. Pd to Henry Ratcliffe the beadle the 19 Aug. 1624 for his whole yeares wages this yeare to come . . o ſº e e & * tº 26 8 Item in repaire of half of Rotheram Bridge called the Ladye Bridge with the half of the Chappell and building vp a new wall under Worrall's house being decayed and fallen downe and the foundation of the same and of our part of the said bridge being much decayed in divers places. Also in repaire of an old Arch in Cherry pitt lane alias Shillipyt lane by one George Leptrott a freemason and his fellowes who undertook the work . ſº tº & © * . I6 I4 II Sept. Pd to John pitte for mendinge the battlements at the Almes- house & & § te C. e e ſº e e • • 20 Pd the 15th of Nov. to Matthew Feild collector the seconde tax or fifteene graunted to the late Kinge's Matie the last parliament [this must be I623] . º • • ſº º e e e e © tº ... 3 And ; an acquittance for the same tº º iº © tº e - 4. Pd to Henry Ratcliffe his quarter's collecion for warding te ſº e I3 There were about 150 yards of russet and grey kersey and cotton, white jane, buttons, &c., &c., distributed this year to the poor, in quantities of from eight to twelve and fifteen 5 y poor, in quant m eig i yards each, and the names of the respective recipients are given in the most homely and familiar terms. The account includes also the making of the clothes for about thirty-seven poor people. :6 s. d. And paid the 21 March 1624 to Matthew Feild collector of the third and last tax of fifteene &c. &c. tº e ſº tº 3 A summary (as under) is given of charges:— 1625. 1626. Thomas Oke and Phillipp Fletcher Greaves. Clothe for the poore this yeare 1626 and things extraordinary for the wench we putt to Mr. Mounteney º e & º e tº I7 9 Waites Coates and beadles Coate . * º tº ū * & . 2 7 5 Cloth for ye poore ſº e e te e e g e º tº 7 I O Furniture for the waites coates {º † te * © e ge tº II 3 Paid for the makeinge of the said cloathes . o • * * & . . I I I O Paid for harden & tº is e & ſº tº & e g & 17 Paid to the beadle for his wages by T. O. and P. F. . tº tº © I 6 8 More which was due by them for dressing about ye hood crosse . g I Paid the beadle for this year 1626 • e g tº g e & 2 I 3 4. Paid him more for dressing the hood crosse . tº gº . . g I Charges conserning Robinson the last beadle . ſº e º Ö. I I5 7 Charges for mendinge Common yate and hegges . ge e g º I5 3 Paid for putting forth of prentises © e * & . g & 2 8 5o 394 * - 33 otheriyamt. The following half-year's account of repairs gives a good notion of the work done at the various places named. Busines done for the towne since lammes last past by William Parkin in the yeare present 1627. Imprimis at Cherrypit lane yeat a stoope At the same place Seaven stakes . e g º Item for thirtteen staves at Daltonbrooke yeate Item for three Rayels at same place - Item for a picke at the same place . Item for twellve stakes in the long arme Item for six stakes at Hessellgreave yeate At the same yeat six staves Q • • o Item at Doncastergate head twenty stakes & one . For a pike for the same yeate . e o © e Item for a steell at William Parker lane a rayle & stakes Item for doghoope yeate a hoope & pike - At the same yeate five stakes . e © e e e e g © Item for makeinge of the Wall at Towllebooth and for putting stanes foure round stanes & one broad stan e o e e - Item common lane yeat sixe staves Item for Sayntt An well yeate three stakes And for iron at the same to keep it from riving . o & Item at Sayntanwell yeate on broad staf and three round staves I º i ! The same comes unto 7s. 5%d. And from Candlemas there are similar charges, amounting to 7s. Ioyd. These are very small matters, but they have their interest as showing the manner in which the protection of the Common Lands had to be attended to, as well as the Common Wells and the Pinfold. s. d 1628. Paid to Peeter Heardron for makinge the pinfold . g e ſº {º #, 23 It to John Sennior for 2 loades of Woode leading from Eastwood for the same . e e e º e e e t e e º 2 4. It pad Richard Smithe for Walling the pinfold 18 Ma 1628 . e e 22 1630. Pd to Wm. Letchfurthe which he layde downe for ye Well in Westegate - ende as appeareth by his note . º ſº & tº e & • 58 5 To Wm. Brokhowse & Ric Arnolde for gettinge of Stone & layinge yt at ye bridge at Hood Crosse & makinge ye spoute new . e e º 8 1632. To Gurry for fetching charcole from the furnace to the Church at the first search & sorting the evidence and for his attendance there . 9 For a quart of Sack then and 4 Boxes at Mr. Malyms . © º © 2 Given at my Lord of Newcastle's house when he paid vs the Cli which Edward Erle of Shrewsbury gave us by his last Will . e © 7 6 Item for felling, squaring, and sawing a tree towards the repaire of the pavement at the Hood Crosse and for ale and bread there º © 3 6 To Thomas West when he went to London about the towne's business when our purchase from Q. Elizabeth was in question and for a copie of George Erle of Shrewsbury's Will 5 Spent then at London about the townes business 2 6 6 More allowed for Mr. Mounteney and his man then . & tº º 5 3 5 For mending the Cuckstoole and for a locke and key and for fettching yt vp the water º º º e - e º e e e 7 2 Md. That there were three score pore people cloathed this yeare. Pd to Henry Ratcliffe for cleansinge ye streets in Wellgate neare ye Hood Crosse I 2 1634. Charges of Suite against Mr. Ballard and Dame Maria his wife [but not stated what for] . . . . º º & o g tº . 3 7 4 º º º e - I Charges in repairing the Schoolehouse 8 8 The schoolhouse must have been some dilapidated old building, as considerable outlay upon it seems to have been required every year. (5tant; from tije (Train it, &c, 395 A particular of the charges for the repaire of the bridge which the Justices at the last Sessions vpon Our peticion did order that at the next generall sessions to be holden at Pontefract we should have allowed with all further charges to be disbursed for finishing the repairs of the Said bridge at the generall charge of the countrie. The charges amount to For cloth and coates º S. d. 8 7 I9 9 Amongst miscellaneous charges are: Paid to Thomas Brodebent his charges to Yorke going thither by warrant Concerning conceled lands . & º ge e g & tº gº Item. Pd for 20 lether Buckittes at 2s 9d a peese e © e 2 I5 Item bestowed on a frend that helped to buy them a qrt of wyne . wº I Item. Pd Edward Duckworth for bringing them from London • Item to John Bent for making vp the well at Towlebooth gate . © 3 Item given to Mr Rayt when he wente to Yorke for his admission ... 2 Item given to Mr Hoole when he went to Yorke for his admission . I Item paid for drawing of the admission . ſº e tº & te º Item paid for drawing a petition presented to the benche at the sessions for allowance of the moneys againe laid forthe for the bridge. tº 6 There is this year relief amounting to ſº 2s. given in small sums to one hundred and seventy-seven poor persons; of these thirty-eight are designated as widows. The two last items in these accounts are: ;4, S. d. Item to Dorothie Risbotham having lyne a long tyme layme and in great miserie tº © e e e ë © ſº tº & ge Item to John Copley towardes his charges to London to get helpe for the kinges evilla . § g e * © & wº e º tº 2 6 I635. The items this year for school repairs © tº tº tº ſº 6 IO 4 Item to Mr Howle for his paines according to the order we hadd . . 5 1636. Item to Wilfrey Trone for mending the Townes tanckard . e gº IO Item paid for 12 winding sheetes [the names are given]. { } & . I O 6 The receipts show that the money expended in repairs of the bridge, is repaid by the county. i The annual accounts of the Greaves of the Feoffees, of which the particular items of expenditure are given on loose sheets, end here. The whole of the account is afterwards annually entered in the Book of Accompts. - S. d. In repairing the Schoolehouse being in danger of fyre by meanes of the ;6 Common backhouse which was burnt this yeare . & tº ſe * I5 2 1637. Defrayed in releving and cloathing the pore and in repairing the Almes- house for the harbor of certeine poor lame and aged I5 I9 II Item for mending the towne's drumme &c. &c. 1640. To the beadle for his wages and for warding and Clensing the Hood C1'OSSC . * e tº * ſº * & g e $ º . 4 Defrayed in extraordinary charges and sent to London by Mr Shaw our Vicar and others to be advised touching George Erle of Shrewsbury's will and other necessary occasions of the Towne 5 * Touching for the King's Evil. This superstition, as in our superior wisdom, we may call it, seems to have existed in England for a period of at least five hundred years. the prayer used in the time of Queen Elizabeth is said to have been as follows:—“Omnipotens Deus, aeterna salus omnium in te sperantium, exaudi nos te precamur nomine famulorum tuorum hic presentium, pro quibus misericors auxilium tuum imploramus, ut salute accepta tibi gratias agant in sancta Ecclesia tua, per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.” During the reigns of Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth, the manner was, when the “strumosi.” came to be touched, to apply the sign of the cross to the tumour. The coin given, was the angel noble, by Queens Mary and Elizabeth, which bore the following inscription:—“A Domino factum est istud, et est mirabile.” The use of the sign of the cross having raised jealousies, it was discontinued by James I.--who also left out “et est mirabile ” from the inscription—but it was reverted to by James II. Mr. Stephens, in his “Editions of the Common Prayer. Book,” gives an account of it, stating that “from the reign of Edward the Con- fessor until the reign of George I. a power of healing diseases by “touch '' was claimed by the sovereigns of England. * * From registers duly kept it is ascertained that from 1660 to 1682 the number of persons touched for the King’s Evil amounted to 92,107. But in 1683 a pro- clamation was ordered to be published in every parish in the kingdom, enjoining that the time for presenting persons for the “public healings” should be from the Feast of All Saints till a week before Christmas, and after Christmas until the first day of March, and then to cease till Passion Week. George I. made no pretensions to this miraculous gift, and it has never been claimed by his successors. “Notes and Queries,” March 23, 1878. 396 - 3āntijerijam. Of this money ſº seems to have been repaid by Mr. Shaw, and ſ I 9s. 6d. by Mr. Battyson in 1642. - - º 36 s. 1643. Disbursed. In building a New Pinfold all of great stone and lyme which was before of wood altogether and always in decay . . . IO I8 Item to Mr. Malym and Thomas Rigg towardes the money they laid downe for the common Armes. IO This was the year in which the Earl of Newcastle laid siege to the town, which surrendered, after a spirited defence, on its ammunition running short. The following items most likely refer to the same troublous times, although they do not come into charge until some time afterwards. - The account of the siege and taking of Rotherham by assault, by the Earl of Newcastle, is told by John Shawe, the vicar, in his own peculiar style, and will elsewhere appear. Some particulars are given by Hunter" too interesting to be omitted. “The people of Rotherham, like their neighbours at Sheffield, were generally attached to the Parliamentary cause. The Vicar, John Shaw, was a most uncompromising parliamentarian; and the Puritan families of Westby, Gill, Hatfield, Staniforth, Spencer, and Bright united at once in blood, and in a community of political and religious feeling, possessed an influence and interest at and around Rotherham which nothing but military power could countervail. It was on Rotherham Moor that the people assembled when the first act of hostility in this part of the kingdom was committed, the burning of the out-houses of Sir Edward Rhodes at Great Houghton. This was in September, 1642. The townspeople immediately began to throw up works about Rotherham, and it was settled as a garrison by Lord Fairfax. Rotherham remained in possession of the parliament's friends during the whole winter.” The following order was issued: WHEREAs it has pleased his excellence 14 Fairfax to settle a garrison hear att Rotherham for the safe garding of these parts of the country from the violent plunderings of unruly soldiers and others disaffected to the King and parliamſ. These are therefore in the king and parliament's name straitely to charge and Command you, the constables hereunder written to assesse upon your several constableries such sums as are hereunder written for the maintenance of Scowt horses for the said service at Rotherham aforesaid, and the same to pay to Will. Staniforth at his house at Rotherham upon Monday the 13th of this instant month of February. Faile not hereof, as you will answere the contrary at yr perill. WILL, FAIRFAx Captn. FRANCIS STANLEY Captn. To the Constables of Aldwarke . . . . viii, iiiid Mexbrough . . . . xxvs Rawmarsh e º - XXVS Cadeby . o o . . viiis iiiid Swinton º º o . xxs xd Sprotbrough . e & ... XXVS Early in that year, however, the king's friends gained strength, and in May, the Earl of Newcastle advanced against Rotherham and Sheffield, where the Parliament were in possession of the Castle. It appears from the memoir of Sir John Gell that it was intended to oppose the earl's further progress at Rotherham, and to give battle there. But scarcely had Gell begun his march with Derbyshire and other forces, when he received intelligence that the Earl of Newcastle was in possession of Rotherham. We must leave the rest to be told, as intimated elsewhere. - The following charges indicate considerable costs incurred in the defence of the town: - S. 1645. Allowed widow Harrys towardes the charges of diuerse yates broken at fleshe yate . e e e º e e e - e º ſº Allowed John Drewe for a close eaten by the Troopers horses which he took of Nicholas Spademan . & gº & º de º º 9 It seems that there was £36 laid down by William Grene for common arms, as A. 22 further is ordered to be paid this year. - * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p 14. (5tant; from the (ſtſ to it, &c. 397 w S. d. I646. Item paid Thomas Rigg for assessments to the army as appeared by :6 his bill 4. º e e • , a e e * º e s º s 4 6 Item paid to him which he had laid downe for common armes . tº 5 Item to John Malin for the like . . . . . . . . 5 The following twelve years of the accounts only give the gross receipts and disbursements. Luke Clayton, clerk, the non-conformist vicar, appears for the first time at the meeting for passing the accounts, as usual in the church in 1656; and for the year ending 1659 he appears as one of the out-going greaves, and takes part on most public occasions afterwards. The year in which he came into the office of greaveship was one of a peculiar and trying character. From some cause, unusual and extended poverty and destitution prevailed in the town, requiring very unusual and urgent means to be adopted to meet the extremity of the case. This not only involved destitution but demoralization, to an extent that required the intervention of the authorities, as is shewn in the following order of the justices, which is introduced here to account for the introduction of a novel but apparently successful mode, not only of administering adequate relief, but also of correcting bad habits. - - This document is copied verbatim from the Order Book of the Justices of the West Riding of the County of York, containing their proceedings at the Doncaster October Sessions, in the year 1658. It will be read with interest, as illustrative of the condition of the now prosperous town, during the later years of the period when Oliver Cromwell was Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, and of the efforts of the Feoffees of the Common Lands to establish industrious habits among the poor of that day. Doncaster the xijth of October 1658. Rotherham ) Whereas wee are credibly informed that the Towne of Rotherham an eminent & Poore. } ancient markett Towne in the West Riding of the County of Yorke thorough the Endeavours and Industry of the inhabitants thereof in former times was populous & wealthy & well able to supply the wants and yielde helpe to the neighbouringe townes in time of need now since of late years that the inhabitants of the said Towne of Rotherham are falne into greate decay much weakened in theire Estates & growne numerous in theire poore who are not only become to greate a burthen to the said Towne encreasing daily upon them but alsoe to theire neighbouring townes many of them going abroad begging theire bread others loytring att home not havinge employment or not willing to employ themselves in any callinge to gett subsistence for themselves or theire children whereby not only the elder sort of them but theire children under an expectation of being supported & provided for by the said Towne have begott a habitt of Idleness which will inevitably without some speedy prevention bringe the whole Towne to utter beggery it beinge most evidently true that if those of the said poore who are able to worke will not be sett to worke and employed in some trade or calling which may in some good measure supply their present necessityes & trayne up theire children from time to time for theire further subsistence the utter ruyne of the Towne cannot be avoyded which work if accomplished as it would redound to the glory of God & the good of the poore themselves soe it would much conduce to the ease of theire owne & the neighbouring Townes about them. Now forasmuch as God hath pleased to give unto the present Ffeoffees who are intrusted with the land & stock belonginge to the said Towne of Rotherham hearts to set them- selves to the advancement of Soe good a worke and in pursuance thereof have agreed upon a way in the trade of making fustions & other comodityes called Manchester ware for the setting the said poore on worke and have hired persons to that end to teach the said trade and have provided materials requisite thereunto and in order to the better carrying on of the said worke have togeather with the Churchwardens and Overseers of the said Towne of Rotherham requested us the Justices of the Peace within the West Riding of the County of Yorke that as far as in us lyes we would concurr in the helping forward (according to the Law of God & the land) this soe good a worke of which wee beeing thoroughly satisfied that thereby much glory will redound to God and advantage to the Towne & parts thereto adjacent wee thought good & hereby doe order & declare that such & Soe many of the said poore of the said Towne of Rotherham in young or olde as are able to worke and shall not upon the publication hereof being called upon & appointed by the said Ffeoffees of the said Towne of Rotherham or the major part of the Greaves for the time being to be employed in the trade or to be trayned upp 398 330th crijam. therein for the learning thereof apply themselves faithfully & industriously as they shall be directed by the said Ffeoffees or the Greaves for the time being or whoe they shall from tyme to tyme appoynt & set over them to the said worke they shall not only have no relief from the time of such their refusal or neglect given them from the said Towne out of theire monthly collection or otherwise but shall bee proceeded against according to law and if the said poore or any of them young or old whoe shall be soe called & appoynted as aforesaid shall be found begging from doore to doore in any of the Townes or places aboute Rotherham or elsewhere in the West Riding of the County of Yorke they shall be forthwith apprehended & proceeded against as vagrants & wanderers according to the Statutes in that case provided And we doe hereby also further declare & assure the said Towne of Rotherham & all & every other person & persons whoe is or shall bee herein concerned that we as Justices of the Peace of the said West Riding of the County of Yorke will from time to time to the utmost of our poure give all due encouragement and furtherance to this worke by a most severe punishment of all such of the said poore who beeing called and appoynted as aforesayd shall wilfully neglect or refuse to bee employed & to use his or theire utmost endeavour & diligence in the said worke & trade aforementioned hereby strictly charging & requiring all such as shall bee herein concerned that they bring or cause to be brought to us or some one or more of us the name & names of every such of the said poore people of the said Towne of Rotherham whoe shall soe refuse to learne or to bee employed in the said worke or trade or beeing employed shall neglect to doe the said works or not faithfully doe the same or shall purloyne or imbezell any of the materials which shall be put into theire or any of theire hands belonging to the said trade to the end they may bee proceeded against accordinge to law which by the blessing of God we shall take care to bee executed upon them accordingly. DARCY WENTWORTH GEO. BYARD JNO. THORESBy & RIC. SYKES E 197.8 Notwithstanding that an extra-judicial importance and significance may, by the above “Order,” be given to this remarkable case, there does seem to have been a period of direful necessity then existing, most seriously affecting this “eminent and ancient markett Towne.” But Rotherham was not singular. Sheffield, “by a survaie of the towne in 1613, by twenty-four of its most sufficient inhabitants,” is thus described:—“In the towne, 22O7 people of which 725 not able to live without the charity of their neighbours, being all begginge poore.” 1659. The first mention in the Records of the Feoffees above referred to is The Accompt of Luke Clayton, Clerke, and Christopher Tindall, Greaves for the Common Lands belonging the towne of Rotherham for the yeare last past endinge the sixth day of August, I659. - A. S. d. Received of Mr. Gill the summe of forty pounds a legacie left by Mr. Henry Westby for settinge the poore on worke . ſº rº . 4O The Earl of Shrewsbury had left £100 for the poor. Item. Disbursed about ye workehouse as in servants wages, buyinge materialls belonging to it, rent, for glaseinge of it (which glasse is to be allowed for by the landlord to the towne), appears by particulars then seene and allowed . º º º e e e . 229 9 7 The regular revenue of the Feoffees at this period was only about £50 to £60, and this workhouse account is kept quite separate. - 1660. The succeeding greaves, Charles Tooker, gentleman, and Henry Wilkinson, are more explicit. S. d. The accomptants charge themselves with moneyes received and fustians and yearne sold concerneinge the workehouse the Summe of . . 36O I IO They discharge by disbursements as appeares by particulars . . 384 I2 3 Soe there remaines due to the accomptants e º - e 24. IO 5 1661. In the year following the receipts are £208 4s. 3d., and the disbursements A217 53. Id. - - 1662. In the year following Jonathan Staniforth, gentleman, and Thomas Hollis, are greaves. (5tants from tiſt (ºr Ginn, &c. - 399 S. d The accomptants likewise as touching such as they have received and #, disbursed about the workehouse doe charge themselves with more received for fustians and other stuffe sold the summe of . © . 37 9 2 And they have disbursed for servants wages, and to the children for their worke, carryage of Fustians wooll & yearne, whiteinge of yearne, Candles, coales, & Other charges about the said workehouse, the Summe of . . . . . . . . . . . . II8 I 8 Soe there remaines due to the accomptants the summe of & º 8O I2 6 Which said summe £80 I2s. 6d, the said accomptants was ordered to be reimbursed out of II.9 ends of Fustians, remaininge in their hands and att Manchester, allowinge £27 per packe for them which at the rate aforesaid amount unto £80 6s. 6d. & 6s. remaininge in their hands upon the former accompt for the Towne's rents as aforesaid and was reimbursed accordingly. 1663. The receipts were £182. Ios. 4d. Disbursements, ſi 73 19s. 1664. In the accounts of Lyonell Copley and James Hugall, “touching such money and other thinges they have received about the workehouse doe charge themselves as followeth.” .# S. d. In stocke at the workehouse . tº . . tº (e. e & . 73 4. In money received from the said William Mandeville and partner the sum of . e § Ǻ e te tº g tº e ę e 8 IO 5 With Fustians sold at London e { } & te tº tº e . IO4. With Fustians sold in the Country . o * © º tº tº 39 II For Candlewicke sould . tº tº © g tº tº tº tº . 9 IS 7 For Cotton woole sould . ſº © © te e tº ę e I IO 9 Summe totall e . 236 I 8 And they have disbursed for servants wages and to the children for their worke, carriage of Fustians, wooll, and yearne, whiteinge of yearne, Candles, coals and other necessary charges about the worke and workehouse the summe of . e e º ſº & . 315 2 24 Soe there remaines due to the accomptants . g tº g e e Which said Summe of £79 Os. 64d was reimbursed to the said accomp- tants by III ends of Fustian at Hull, Manchester and Yorke, and there remaine in stock at the Workehouse and elsewhere . . I24 7 8% 1665. Luke Clayton [again Greave] with Christofer Tyndall, in the Worke- house Accompt. Receive in Stocke and Money, £223 IZs. 4d. Disburse, Á254 Ios. I Id. 1666. Charles Tooker and Henry Wilkinson. - Receive in Stocke and Money, £294 I8s. IId. Disburse, £256 II.s. 5d. 1667. John Malin and Ralph Woollen, in which year there is no mention of the Workhouse Accompt, or afterwards. 1670. Luke Clayton, clerk, is again greave without any other with him. His account is passed August 23rd, 1671. Such is a recapitulation of the main particulars connected with this very singular and vigorous effort on the part of the feoffees of Rotherham to provide means of livelihood, and to prevent increase of pauperism and growth of idle habits, at a time when the disturbed state of the country and grievous exactions frequently pressing on an impoverished community, produced a ruinous and demoralized state of things, requiring unusual and energetic action, to withstand and remove. The then minister (Luke Clayton) who is thrice named, and who had been long time minister, was one of those distinguished men of a most unhappy period, alike remarkable for his great ability, faithful service, and frequent sufferings for conscience sake." During the period which was occupied by this praise- worthy and successful experiment, there do not seem to be any items in the accounts to call for transcription or remark, except that, in 1657, there is further description “Of land * “State Papers, Domestic, Ecclesiastical,” Vol. 159, “Licence to Luke Clayton, of Rotherham, Yorkshire, to p. 50.5. This volume is a register of the licences to preach, be a G'rall Pr., that is, General Presbyterian Teacher, or for houses to preach in, issued under the Declaration of 30th April [16]72.” 15th March, I67I-2, to Nonconformists. It mentions 4OO 33 otherijam. held by Widow Dover of a croft with a toft-stead in it, called Russell Croft, lying next St. James Chapell, in Wellgate,” and 1659, “disbursed in repaire of the bridge, called Ladye Bridge, being much decayed, £23, 195. 2d.,” and, in 1673, “of money disbursed for repairing yº Free Schoole, being part of it burnt when y” Bakhouse was burnt.” I677. Oct. I2th. The fifth election of Feoffees of the Common Lands. The income of the feoffees at this period largely exceeds the expenditure. Of course the income includes balance from outgoing greaves. 26 S. d. - 26 s. d. I678 Income, or receipt, 99 7 8 Expenditure. † . 59 II 5 I679 33 33 97 I8 I 33 | & g 45 3 IO I68O , 98 3 4. 33 . . . 67 I7 6} I68I 53 35 98 I7 3# 33 . . 67 o 2 I682 33 yy I84 I 3 5% 3 * ſº * . 90 I5 5 This seems a sudden large increase of which no account is given, except, it may be, that a large sum of money which had been expended in repairs of the bridge, was recovered from the county.” 26 S. d. 26 S. d. I683 Income, or receipt, I93 O O# Expenditure . . 75 I9 I} I684 33 33 I93 2 9} 35 . . . 53 II 3 1685 yy yy 2O7 I6 IO} » * * 58 I7 I I686 33 33 2O5 I2 7} 33 w . . 79 I7 8 1687 33 35 I92 I I I Ił 33 . . . I96 6 2 There is no entry to account for this increased expenditure, except it may have been in repairs of John Tompson's house and the Free School. For several succeeding years the receipts and disbursements assume their previous usual proportions. In 1695, and part of 1694, they are again larger. Receipts, ending August, 1696, £196 9s. I Id, and disbursement £184 I 9s. 3}d. Up to this time the accounts seem to have been presented every year, in August, at a public meeting held in the church, which was called by the “tolling of y” little bell,” and the details of which were read over and allowed; but we now come to 1703, when the accounts of Mr. Joseph Sorsbie and John Henfrey, “Greaves for y” Common Lands belonging to y” Town of Rotherham for y” six years,” 1696, 97, 98, 99, 1700, 1701, and Pentecost, 1702, are produced and passed, when the total appears to be—the º §: 7s. 8%d.; discharge, A 462 6s. 3d. “Due then from y” accountants y” sum of Is. [4d.” . s: statement is given elucidatory of this exceptional and apparently improper deviation from the charter, and from all preceding example. - - S. d. 1704. Paid for Ale Tobacco and Pipes at Mr. Parkes house ye day ye r Conveyances by ye old Feoffees to ye new ones as by acquittance - and voucher. e * g & tº © g tº tºl º g 6 8 There would seem to have been disorder and neglect during the six years above mentioned, as in the receipts of the greaves afterwards there are those for arrears of Herbage Money, extending from six, eight, and ten years. 26 S. d 1706. Paid for ale at Diging ye cold Bath. gº tº © * º º º I Paid Jonathan White for Walling ye Bath . tº e dº * tº 2 IO O Paid for bread and ale at several times for ye Boone Draughts at ye Bath . tº e º, º e tº º * o § º g 5 6 Paid Jonathan White in further part for Walling ye Bath . Q & I 4 6 Paid Jonathan White towardes making ye fence wall at ye Bath . ... I There are other charges for the bath, which we may suppose will be the one near St. Ann's Well, Eastwood. It would seem to have been some popular undertaking, as there are charges for “bread and ale several times for y” Boone draughts at y” Bath,” which means that the leading of the stone and materials for the building was done without charge, as a boon; “draughts” being the term regularly used to denote carts and horses. * See ante, “Our Lady's Chapel on the Bridge,” pp. I27 and 128. (5tants from tijº (ſt gºtt, &c. - 401 S. d. 27th June. Spent on ye rejoycing day for ye Duke of Marlbrough's victory at Ramileys . § cº ge * e © * & ... 2 31 Dec. Spent on ye Thanksgiving day . * tº . . e I5 Pd Jonathan Bentley what he Disburst at ye Race ſº tº e ſº II Mr. Withers, the schoolmaster, had disbursed considerable sums of money for repairs of a house near the school, which the feoffees agreed should be appropriated to the said school, and engaged to repay him as the rents and profits of the town's estates came into their hands, not exceeding £50, which was accordingly and almost immediately done, and, as usual, in excess of the agreed amount. 1707. Paid for building and repairing the house next the Schoole for the Schoolemaster as by particulars . * & e e g Q For a Horse load of Coales for a Bonefire on the Vnion between England and Scotland Q g * & & ſº º © ë g Paid Mr. Singleton his quarteridge for teaching 6 poor boys to learne English o tº ſe g e º e o 1708. Pd to 9 labourers for clensing Wellgate bruck . tº ſe ſe Pd to John Bower for clensing ye large Well in Wellgate . º e Paid to this accomptant Beverley for a treat to the Reverend Mr. Robinson and other Gentlemen when the Dr. Robinson came to give his £100 to the Charity School of this Towne and gave it accordingly 171 I. Spent at Mr. Beverley's after the accounts were taken ſº Gave the Waites then . ſº o * º te © Paid Edward Pindar for teaching Abson's boy to fiddle The Duke of Leeds keeper per order . © te g ſº ę tº The reckoning at the Venison feast per order . & tº ge © I 1713. The Waites their Salary at Lady day last e tº Paid the charge of Proclaiming Peace at Rotherham . te e tº Paid the Bellman in part of his wages for going with ye Bell in ye night in Feby and March . e * gº ſº e ſº tº o g 1714. Paid Fretwell and Lockeys for Ale at proclameing King George Paid Mr. Beverley for Wine and Ale as per Bill . º sº ſº © 1716, 1717. Paid for forty horse load of Coales given ye poor in ye great Storm in ye yeare 1715 . & e e g * e e º Paid Mr. Beverley his two bills of charges for dressing ye two Bucks ye Marquesse of Carmarthen then sent ye towne in ye year 1716 with yº Reepers Fees he paid, and also for ye wine to treat ye marquesse with when he went through the towne & tº § & e ... 2 Paid Mr. Beverley for a treat for ye Gentlemen of ye Town when ye Marquesse of Carmarthen sent a Buck . te e e Paid ye Keeper his Fee when he brought ye Buck & e tº ſº Sept. 8, 1716. Pd John Taylor of Sheffield for paveing 418 yards of paveing at 20 per yard as by bill tº te © e tº tº e Paid Samuel Parsonson for 17 rood and half of walling and finding stone at 53. per ROOd e e * gº e º g © $ 1719. Paid Richard Hebit for ye Candlestick in Church . e ſº * . I 5 For Ale at hangen it . tº e g © & e & tº e 1720, 1721 Paid John Towers a Gratuity as petty Schoolmaster . * ... I Paid Edward Blyth for Stubbing ye Common to enlarge ye Race Ground as by Agreement . © & * * © * * e te ; º 2 There are not many charges in connection with the Race Course. Paid Mr. Gray for cutting of William Kants arm . tº º * ... 2 1722. There are three “waites” receiving £1 6s. 8d. each. 1723. Bill of suite charges about the Duke of Norfolk e • a gº 5 Nothing further respecting it. - Pd to Mr. Sherburn for arrears to the Duke of Norfolk for the way between The Flatts in Whiston lane . G o e O tº . I4. 1725. Paid several persons towards repairing the petty School . & tº I S. I8 I 2. I5 IO II : IO I5 d. . 75 4 6 6 IO 5 I 4-O2 łłotherham. - S. d Paid Mr. John Kent Rotherham proportion for squashing an order of : Sessions obtained by the inhabitants of Brinsforth & for other charges occationed by the said inhabitants to the Towne and parish . ... 7 To Mr. Ferrand (the Vicar) a years gratuity for the towne of Rotherham - the parish being to pay the like sum . º - e e - 3 6 8 The Rev. Samuel Ferrand was instituted in 1704. Paid John Clark for work done at the Almes House . º & © II Paid George Aldam for repairing the Almes House . . . . 6 IO 1726 Paid the Ringers for ringing when the news came that the Bill for to 1728 making the River Dun navigable was passed the House of Lords . 2 6 June II. Paid Mrs Gray for setting widdow Cundells shoulder and her thigh and Reresby Shents child Legg and curing them . e º I 5 So that it seems there were female practitioners of surgery one hundred and fifty years ago. S. d The charges for defending the officers for burning Townrow, the Butcher's ;6 meat, prosecuting him at Doncaster Sessions and Pontefract and Rotheram Sessions comes to £4 Os. 6d. of which Mr Ratcliffe paid for my Lord £I IIs. 6d. and Thomas Lidyard 5s. the rest charged to the Towne - 2 4. Paid Abraham Arnold for repairing Ellen Holmshaw room dore at the Almeshouse . e º -> & e • -> tº & - I 20th May paid Mr Hebden for painting the Booke presse for the Bookes Mrs Mansell gave tº e º 'º º º tº 6. e ‘º 8 6 To Abraham Arnold for the Booke presse in the Vestry . e º 3 I5 Drawing a draught of the Deed to settle Mrs Mansells charity of Bread - to the poor on Sundays for ever and settling it and the tythe with the Vicar and Mr Buck [the barrister] . . . . . . . I I [Other law charges] 4, 8 Mr. Darwent, who had succeeded the West's at their residence at Moorgate, and as attorney at Rotherham, would seem from the following items to have fallen into low circumstances; he had been many times greave. 26 S. d. Paid Mr Darwent out of charity for Gratuity to convey the common lands to the new Feoffees . . e º e • -> tº . 2 I 8 Drawing a draught of them to convey to the new Feoffees and settling it with Mr. Tooker and Mr. Buck [Barristers] it being long and having much trouble about it e -> • . e º * & Pd Mr. Darwent out of Charity to buy him Cloaths . º © . 2 2 July 1st. Paid Mr. Darwent when he executed the Deed to the New Feoffees over again . • e te e 5 Expended on him then at London . º e º & º º e I My paines [Mr. Aslabie] finding Mr. Darwent out and getting him to execute the Deed to the New Feoffees over again . o º 6 8 Paid for Ale at the Proclamation of King George . e º o . 3 I 6 Paid Thomas Hall for 5 loades of Coles for bonefires. & e º 2 6 A rental of the herbage money seems worth transcribing from the fuller description given of the plots of land and where they were situate, as taken from the common lands. # S. d. Henry Wilkinson for Clayton Closes adjoyning to the River Dunn and St Ann Well Field . & e e º e © -> e t 2 6 Mr Disney Staniforth for a Fold stead taken out of the Beast Markett at the back of the Crown Inn © t e º º e e e 3 Mrs Downes for a Barne in St Ann Field formerley Veseys and late Murgatroyds e - e e e e e 3 John Tooker Esq. for his own garden at Moregate 4 And for Eyres foldstead there. 4 And for a House and a Fold stead taken into his Garden belonging to the Overseers of the poor of which Mr. Tooker has a long lease from the Town . e & e • • e e e e & e 4. Grants from the Crotum, &c. 4O3 Widow Hunt for a fold stead in the Crofts . e g is o e Mr. Buck for the House and Fold in the Crofts wherein John Hall lately lived late Sissons . c & wº * tº * tº & Mr. Cowley for a Barne on the back of the Crofts Mr. Bourne for Snell Croft late Mounteney te g {º tº & Sir Thomas Wentworth for a Fold and Barne at Doncaster Gate head taken out of St. Ann's Feild e * & * e & ſº fº And for Well Gate Croft held by Mr. Bourne . & e tº & 2 And for lands late Mr. Darwent's now Mr. Tooker's de o * Charles Staniland for the Michaelmas Close near his house if kept in after Michaelmas . gº * g tº tº ſº tº º g 6 Mr. Mandevile for a Garden . & {i gº e © & * e 3 3 1730. The tenements owned by the feoffees seem to have been re-thatched to a considerable extent. . S. d. 1732. Paid at different times to Mr. Stephenson agreed to be allowed him for repairs of the School House and two half years' Gratuity 48 . . I 3 The Almes House is re-leaded and charges amounting to . & . 9 1735. Recd of James Brownall by the hands of Mr. Stephenson the sum of Ten Guineas, being one half of the price for wood sold in the year 1732 which grew upon ye Lands at Dalton in the possm of Jas. Brownall, half of which belong to him and half to ye Free Schoole in Rotherham. . S. d. Pd I. Pycock for surveying and making a Terrier of ye Common Lands and also a Survey and fair map upon ye navigation account . § 5 5 Expenses at ye White Hart taking Mr. Bourn's accºs . gº g & 6 The next item, with several others, seem somewhat perplexing. The new town hall seems to have been built, and the accounts were passed February I oth, 1743; but on July 12th, 1739, we have A s. d. Spent when subscribed to the school . 5 4 2 And on Augt 8. The masons when laid the is stone A great number of charges for material, and for carriage by land and water follow, and as the school was under the town hall, and the whole size of that building, it would probably be used in its erection. The principal part of the stone seems to have been quarried at Hooton and to have been brought from Kilnhurst by boat, and also from the common; the lime was from Crich, and the plaster from Marr. The town hall, with the lower story for the school-room, was a substantial and well- designed, if not handsome building, extending from what was the old bakehouse, in Jesus Gate, to the opening leading through the little churchyard, and which gave very considerable size both to the hall and the grammar school-room. The access to the town hall was by two noble flights of steps, of about ten steps between each landing; the upper landing was about fourteen feet square, with a further flight of four steps leading to the hall door, fronting up the street. The hall was large and lofty; and, of course, as it served for the place of public entertainment and for a ball room, it was the scene of the gayest and most hilarious assemblies of the district: and, as the Sessions House, it was the place also of the saddest and most heart-sickening. The Quarter Sessions, at Rotherham, at that period was one of the great events, and to the publicans, one of the most profitable of the year. Rotherham Sessions were only second to those of Pontefract, and generally lasted three days and some- times until midnight; the pauper removal cases occupying a considerable time and exercising the skill and acumen of the Bar, which at that time consisted of some of the most eminent counsel of the kingdom. The number of prisoners then brought from the House of Correction, at Wakefield, was grievously great, and the manner in which they were brought was inhuman, cruel, and revolting. Chained together, the old, impenitent, incorrigible thief, and the young, thoughtless, but crime-stained son of a fond, heart-broken mother, as it might happen, in one long gang, had, under a sweltering July sun, to toil from Wakefield to Rotherham; then, in almost suffocating numbers, they had to be pent up in 4O4. 33 otherijam. one comparatively small jail, from whence they were marched up through the open street to the town hall, manacled, and, in most cases, lost to every hope or opportunity of reform or redemption. Under the upper landing of the town hall steps was a cavernous black hole, admitting no light or air, except through a small square strongly-barred opening in the door, in which prisoners were placed until called up for trial above. It was a period when “Man’s inhumanity to man Made countless thousands mourn.” But in no case was a more pernicious or perilous policy pursued than in the treatment and promiscuous intercourse, and, of course, contamination, permitted betwixt the dangerous and the first-offence classes of criminals. The sad and heart-rending scenes which might then be witnessed at these sessions were generally wound up by the demoralizing, but not deterring, spectacle of Some one or more flagrant offenders being tied to a cart tail and flogged from the jail to the “Cross Daggers,” and sometimes back again. In these “Historic Notices” such revolting matters can only be mentioned as affording a theme of thankfulness, that such comparatively recent atrocities have for ever passed away, and that law-breakers, however culpable, are recognised as men and treated accordingly. The erection of the town hall and school seems to have cost from £500 to £600. There is a marginal note in the complex account, which says, “N.B. Mr. Bower observes that the hall cost above £550.” In the receipts the accountant (Mr. Richard Oddy) charges himself, “By subscription to the building of the school-house ſ29 17s. 6d. ;” so that it may be that the smaller charges before mentioned, and these subscriptions were for the School-house erected about the same time. It would seem that Mr. Stephenson, of whom there is an account as schoolmaster in 1725, did not long enjoy the occupation of the new school and school house, as appears by the following item : S. 1746. Nov. 18. Spent when we chose a School Master [Mr. Pennell] . º IO The greave, Mr. Richard Oddy, appears to have retained the office until his death, as the account rendered by his executors is passed Nov. 21, 1749; but they, strangely enough, seem to have discharged the office of greaveship up to Jan. 20th, 1756, and the accounts are “seen and allowed ‘’Jan. 20th, 1758. #. 1756. Paid to the Infirmary at York. t * e e g ſº w ... 2 1757. The Revd Mr Pennell . g º ſº & & e e It is ordered that 4, IOO be immediately borrowed upon our joint notes in order to be laid out in the purchase of corn for the benefit of the poor of the town of Rotherham. 1761. Given to the populus as per agreemt att the King's Coronation att the several bonefires &c viz: - S. d. : S. d. Att the Hoodcross. {e . . IO Att High Street . e & . IO 6 Att Bridggate head . . . e 7 Att two fires in Westgate . & IO 6 Att Millngate head 3 6 Coals and leading . . ... 3 . . º 1762. Paid at ye election of a Master for Free School . © cº tº ... I To Mr Pennell for things he left in ye School House [Mr. Russell] . 6 The Waits seem to have become a much more expensive institution than the Grammar School Master. S. 7 6 £ S. d. To Mr Bingley for gold lace for 3 Hatts and Cloaks . de . . 5 I I Mr Whitwell cutting out ye Cloaks . e º e tº º 2 To Mr Foljambe cloth for 3 Cloaks for Waites 4 I4 6 To one years Salary to 3 Waites. e * g g g e e 4. I 1763. Mr Russell [Grammar School master] half a years gratuity ending Martinmas last 4 To Mr Milbourne the surveyor for dividing the lands belonging the Feoffees . e ge & e * * e g & te ū. I II 6 This with law and other charges on the enclosure of the Moor and Common Lands amounts to * e e & ſº tº e . I 3 17 8 (5tants from the (ºr ſtutt, &c. 4O5 26 s. d To the Turnpike Subscription . . . . . . . . 25 To Mr Rotherham surveying and mapping . º * e e . 2 9 Mr Hamer first assessment [for Enclosure] º © e º . 33 9 2 Turnpike Subscription 2nd payment e & 8 e . 25 1765. The rental received this year e e & e e AIO2 I2 I# Arrears . © º º º e 9 I5 9 *-*s II2 7 Iož Mr Hamer second Assesst for Enclosure ſº e º te . 44 4 3 Mr Walker on account of Masbrough enclosure. o - o e 2 2 Sute of Close and Hatt for the Beadle and lace 5 2 7 To Mr Hamer for Tithe (as under) 6 8 8 Amount of Tithe paid to Lord Effingham: A. R. P. #, S. d. Mrs Bingley . º - º © 5 I IO & º O I5 II Wm Kay . ſº º º º . I4. I 22 . 2 3 Mrs Barton e º - - . I I 3 6 I I5 IO Geo Kent . © e e e . 7 2 5 . º . I 2 6 William Barnsley º -> - - 3 3 I4. e e II 5 43 3 I7 6 8 8 1766. The feoffees seem for a number of years to have disbursed very little in relief of the poor, in clothing or otherwise; this year there is distributed to a great number of poor persons (140) amounting to between £30 and £40, and in sums from 5.5., but principally 2s. 6d. and 2s. each. - I767, 1768. Jan. 4th “being a great storm,” a large quantity of coals were distributed, and bread also. - S. d. Taking down Church ladder, 2s., rearing at Town Hall . © e & 4. I768. This year also a large distribution of money, blankets, and coals. I77I. This must have been a time of great distress, as ſz7 5s. is expended in bread, and a large amount in coals. - I772. Expended in relief ſ.34, and the following year about the same. 1774. This year putting in with a long and very severe storm, provisions being very dear, and very few labourers could get employment, the Feoffees considered to relieve them in a more general and liberal manner, with coals, bread weekly, and money. A waggon load of coals was generally divided amongst three families, and sometimes among four. Nine score of 4d loaves were distributed on the Sunday after evening service, one, two, or three, according unto ye number of their families, or distress for want of employment. Every poor person had likewise a donation of money, more or less regard being had to the largeness or uncommon distress of the family. - - At a Meeting of the Lord of the Manor of Rotherham and the principal inhabitants within the Township of Rotherham aforesaid, held (pursuant to public notice given in the Parish Church thereof) in the Town Hall of the said Town of Rotherham, this second day of January, 1775. When resolutions to the following effect were passed that the Estates in the management of the Feoffees and the Charity School Estate should for the future be managed by the same Trustees. The Trustees were appointed. That on the death or removal of Feoffees their places should be filled up within 3 months. That the Lord of the Manor residing within the parish shall be eligible. That the legal Estate of the Charity School be conveyed to the Feoffees. - That as soon as six of the present Feoffees die or are removed the vacancies shall be filled. And other matters affecting their due appointment and legal rights. EFFINGHAM, Chairman. A new Charity School is built, particulars of which are given in another place. 1776. Again a severe storm seems to have required distribution of relief in beef and mutton, as by bill paid Mr. Oxley, A4. 9s. ; and in money, A4 Igs. 6d. 4O6 . 330th crijam. Mr. Platts for labourers wages levelling the Crofts July 4. Pº expences at the election of a Schoolmaster Nov. I 3. Mr. Tennant half-year's gratuity © g g * & Aug. 2. Paid Labourers for levelling little Church yard g . . . 9 3 1778. Earl of Effingham for Tithe and Chief rent e tº º * 7 I3 I Note. After this year the Tithe and Chief-rent paid to Lord Effingham have ceased as we purchased the same of him for the sum of £200, being Mr. Bellamy's Legacy to the Vicar and Churchwardens. - . I! : I i #. S. d. I779. Given to John Stephenson for valueing the Feoffees coal at Greasbrook I I By Mr. Platts Bill for repairing the Almes House . § & . 36 I6 1781. The Market House was built by the feoffees. Dec. I. Half-years Salary due Martinms last to Mr. Burton, Grammar School Master . g & e * g g º . . • 4 1782. Thomas, Earl of Effingham, greave. Subscriptions to the Lamps . & • & © & . IO I783. To Mr. Bower as Treasurer to the Committee that sold out Blendcorn flour to the poor at 164 p stone, which cost 2s. g i.e. 34. I March II. To Joseph Beeley for repairing a Guardhouse which was damaged when the 91st regiment of Foot was riotous here. . I I6 4 I784. Cash paid to Mr. Jones, of London, for repairing and Tuning the Organ 14 14 # 1786. Thomas Radley for the Organ © e . I 5 2 O John Turton tº e g e 6. e tº • . º § 5 O O Robert Hunt . © tº e g * > tº e º & tº . 5 O O The Feoffees never gave anything towards the Organ, they balanced the account. - 26 S. d. 1787. Jan 24. Mr. Foljambe for land Beast Market . . . . . . IO IO It was a piece of land upon which a Brandery stood, which projected about eleven or twelve yards in length, and six in width, out of Mrs. Dyson's yard; on it he was to have a right of stalls, but not to build upon it. S. d. Nov. 6. Cash to make up what was collected £30, at the Church after a Charity Sermon, and paid to Mr. Wright for the use of the Sunday Schools & g gº • . . . & * e e $º 2 I 6 6 1788. May 3. Paid Sam! Tooker Esq. dº tº e e ſº ſº . 25 . Being the purchase money paid to the Duke of Norfolk for a fee-farm or quit-rent of AI 6s. 8d. a year, called Chymyage Money, for a road leading from Far-Moorgate towards Whiston, as also for one of 2s. a year paid out of John and William Tingle's farm in the parish of Ecclesfield, belonging to the Charity School. - S. d. Paid to Mr. Bingley for taking of, and curing Mark Bellamy's wife arm, &c. e g c { } g e gº e e e & . 6 6 Gave Wm. Golden to buy an Ass and Saddle to carry Pots upon & I II 6 The Centenary of the Glorious Revolution was commemorated with great spirit, of which the following account is given : Gave to the Masters of Eight Clubs, or Friendly Societies, that walked in the Procession, , upon 5 Nov 1788, in commemoration of the hundreth Anniversary of the Glorious Revolution, the sum of Three Guineas each, to be applied to the use of their Societies, as a token of respect for their orderly and decent behaviour upon that day. - N.B. ' There was a Ball upon the 4th at the Town Hall for Gentlemen and Ladies, there were about I Io Tickets issued out, or sold at 5s. each. A very handsome cold collation was provided. The Ladies were elegantly dressed and decorated with orange ribbands, &c. The Genth had orange cockades, &c. The next day the Genth of the Town and neighbourhood met and were joined by about 700 members of the Friendly Societies and 400 Sunday School Children. They walked in procession through the Town with Drums beating, Colours flying, (5tant; from the Crd to n, &c. 4O7 and a Band of Music to the Church when an excellent Sermon was preached by the Revd Wm Harrison to a most crouded audience. From thence they went to the Town Hall where an excellent Dinner was provided, there was about 8o Genth of the Town and neighbourhood dined at which the Earl of Effingham presided. A great many loyal and constitutional toasts were given and the day spent with the utmost harmony and conviviality. There was fireworks in the evening. A great many rounds of cannon were fired of during the day. The next day the Sunday School Children of this Town and Masbro' and Kimberworth to the amount of about 4OO Dined at the Town Hall of plumb puddings apple pyes and the broken victuals which was a truly pleasing sight to see as they all appeared so happy. The following song formed part of the programme, but whether written for the occasion, or not, we have now no means of ascertaining. The MS. is very much like Lord Effingham's writing, and as he was an occasional song writer, the evidence that he was the author, is thus greatly strengthened. Sound, sound your Trumpets, proclaim the Heaven-born Day On which our Glorious William landed at Torbay; Not to enlarge his Empire, but set the Nation free To curb the Haughty Tyrant and raise the suppliant three; His Mind for ever Godlike superior to success Declining Spoils and Conquest for Liberty and Peace. THE REVOLUTION SONG. I79 I-2. Allowed by the County for Wall next the River I. When James, assuming right from God, Enslav'd this free-born Nation, His Sceptre was an Iron rod, His Reign a Visitation. High Churchmen cry’d Obey ! Obey ! Let None resist a Crown'd Head ; He who gainsays what Monarchs say Is a Rebellious round-head. CHORUS. Then let us Sing whilst Echoes ring, The Glorious Revolution ; Your Voices raise to William’s Praise, Who sav'd our Constitution. II. The Bible was no longer read, But Tales of Sinners sainted, The Gods ador'd were Gods of Bread, And Sign Posts carv'd and painted. Now Priests & Monks, with Cowls & Copes, Arriv'd here without number, And Racks & Daggers blest by Popes, With loads of Holy Lumber. CHORUS—Then let us Sing, &c. III. Our Trade Abroad, our Wealth at home, And all things worth desiring, Were sacrific’d to France & Spain, While Britain lay expiring. The Monarch, a Churchridden Ass, Did whate'er Priests suggested, And Trotted Day by Day to Mass, The Slave of Slaves Detested. CHORUS—Then let us Sing, &c. 1788. Paid for a small Engine 20 ft of Leather pipe A pair of Brass Screws 45. Wharfage &c. Houses at Rotherham Bridge . Expenses in alterations in Welgate This was for covering over the open streams and forming wells. Bills for building the Wall next the River and two IV. By Cruel Popish Politicks Were Protestants affrighted, And to convert poor Heretics, New Smithfield Fires were lighted. But Hope soon sprung out of despair, So Providence commanded, Our Fears were all dispers'd in Air When Godlike William landed. CHORUS—Then let us Sing, &c. V. Our State & Church shook off ye Yoke, And lawless Pow'r was banish'd; The Snares of Priestcraft too were broke, And Superstition banish’d. The Tyrant with his Black Guards fled, By Flight his Guilt confessing, To beg of France, his daily Bread, Of Rome, a worthless Blessing. CHORUS—Then let us Sing, &c. VI. From all who dare to Tyrranize May Heaven still defend us, And should another James arise, Another William send us. May Kings like William ever reign, With highest Worth distinguished; But Stuarts, who our Annals stain, May they be quite extinguished. CHORUS—Then let us Sing, &c. 26 S. d. A. S. d. 7 7 I I 8 IO 4 8 I9 587 2 9 4O 547 2 9 . 285 II 408 33 otherijam. S. d. 1793. John Leesley for 59 loads of Coal for poor . & e º tº f 6 I794. John Earnshaw on account for repairing Bishop and (24 3 Domine Wells . º tº * * Q e { 5 5 8 gººmsºmºsºmsºmºsºsºmsº 29 8 8 1795. The poor of Rotherham for the purpose of buying flour (50 o o and selling to them at a reduced price. Cost 2s. 3d, 425 O O Sold Is. 6d. per stone . g © I 2 O O - 87 Dalton Inclosure as receipt . º e ſº tº © e sº . 3 7 9 Ditto (Free School) Stamp 6d. e ſº tº tº e ſº ë I3 I2 5 I798. 43OO of 3 per cent. Cons's 47; Brokge and postge Ios. 2d. . & . I44 2 8 This item is most significant of this critical period of the nation's history. At the conclusion of the war, Consols sprung up to 90, and many fortunes were made. ;6 S. d. Dalton Tithes as receipt . tº º & tº tº 39 9 1799. Land Tax purchased £5 17s. I#d, per year . º ſº e . I I4 18 The Duke of Norfolk for the purchase of Tithes at Whitley . ſº I8 II IO A retrospective glance at the accounts of the feoffees during the preceding century, conveys a very favourable impression of the stewardship exercised by them during that period. With an annual rental to begin with of about £80, they were able to make apparently ample and judicious provision for periods of great privation, and wide-spread distress; and yet they duly attended to the multifarious management of the town, lending a helping hand to everything connected with its well-being, sacred or secular. The improvement of the property, and also correspondingly of the rental is also very significant. At the beginning of 1800 they had a revenue of £300 a year. A large portion of this increase is due to the enclosure of the Commons, Rotherham Moor, and other open fields and waste lands, of which about fifty acres were awarded to the feoffees. But it must be remembered that besides all the ordinary claims for repairs, relief, and salaries, during the preceding century, the feoffees had expended large sums in various important buildings, such as the town hall, grammar and charity schools, &c., and in the redemption of tithes, and of land tax, fee-farm rents, obits, and other incumbrances on the estate. Some annual charges seem to have dropped out of the accounts, as for the cloaks, gold-laced hats, and other matters for the waits, swineherd, beadles, &c. But however the waits might have been stripped of their finery, their visits to the houses of the inhabitants at Christmas time can be well remembered within the present century, and were in the end perhaps superseded by the bands of singers and other wandering minstrels which still continue “to hail the smiling morn.” A nameless interest clings to the record of early local events and institutions, and invests it with peculiar and permanent attraction. It is in some sort an embalmed remem- brance, not only of quaint byegone fashions and curious customs, but also of earnest aims and efforts to ameliorate suffering, relieve distress, and promote suitable social progress, and as such it continues to claim our respect. As we approach more nearly the times in which we live, and the trials or triumphs in which we may have to take a part, the condition is changed. The interest is no longer that of contemplation, but of action; actual, and it may be interested action. The ensuing half-century, therefore, to which our attention must be confined, may furnish but comparatively few items for transcription in the bringing of this extended notice of this important trust to a sufficient completion. 1800. Like too many previous years, this came in with most unmistakeable evidences of great poverty and distress. #, S. d Jan I 3. An Ox bought and given to the poor, cost . . I8 IO O Cr by Offal & © * * 3 6 4 I5 3 8 Jacob Boomer six loads of Potatoes . * º tº º & § 2 8 Feb. IO. An Ox cost £22 IOS., less £3 12s. I Id. . * º e . I 8 17 I Mar. I7. An Ox cost £17. I8s., less £2 15s. 9d. 5 2 3 (5tantã frºm tijº (ºr gin it, &c. 409 S. d. Samuel Raby 7 load potatoes . . © e e º º e & * Sheffield Infirmary . . . . . . . . . . IO IO John Oxley 94 of Expenses in building a wall next the river in Milngate 6. 2 1801. One Ox bought and given to the poor . e & e c o . 22 IO Feb. 23. One Ox bought for the poor tº tº tº e e . 2 I April 4. One Ox for the poor e ſº & e e tº º . 3O 1802. Sam! Tooker Talbot lane premises . . . . . . . 60 1804. Aug. 24. Joseph Flint for the Armed Association in completing 35 Guns with bayonetts, Belts and Cartouch Boxes, and which he pledged himself to deliver to the Feoffees in good condition at the conclusion of the War. As by his written Agreement in possession Of the Feoffees . e tº & • . & - wº . . . 27 I 9 Dec. 20. 87 load of Coals . tº tº © tº g tº º . 22 6 Samuel Muss Clothes . & o º º e º º © . 4 I 3 John Woofinden's Clothes . e o e e º º e e 6 5 3 Re-building John Scholey's House (next Miss Naylor) . . . 6O2 2 8 1807. Fenton & Co. for II 3 Load Coals 4s. 3d. e e e 24 O 3 I8IO. Fenton's Bill for Coals º e º . 32 IO A summary of some disbursements is given this year. - Expenses attending the Wells. Mr. Johnson's Bill (plumber) . e g e º . 53 7 5 Jno Earnshaw , (mason) . e º e g º 17 7 Io Abram Twiggs, . {- . 7 IO Messrs. Roberts Bill. º º e g º 4. I2 II Crowders & Thackray's & Heathcoat & Pass 9 4 6 Messrs. Jackson's Bill º © I I4. 9 93 IZ 5 Cloathing. Earnshaw's Bill for Muss's Cloaths . e * e . 6 I5 2 Hawksworth's for do. & e , a © & * & I O 6 Gillatt for Hatt for do. . . º º º e º 8 Lambert's Bill for Woofinden Cloath . e e e 4 II Hawksworth's Bill for do. º g . . . & I4. Gillatt for Hat for do. . º g * e º © I 8 t I4 I6 8 Expence of re-building Free School House . g º e © . 5 I 7 2 Bills for Coals and leading. e e © º e © º g 64 16 18 II. Coals and leading . e © e -> º e o º º . 77 II 1812. Tithe of Bradmarsh purchased of the Earl of Effingham . e e 17 7 6 Donation to the Poor 7th May º e e e º © . 34 II 6 Coals . & © º e & e g © tº º ſe º 81 7 6 Expenses attending Raby's House (Ship) . e e e º . 99 4 3 1813. Subscription to the Bible Society (Mr. Lampriere) . . . e 3 3 1814. Coals . e º • . e º & e e e . . 89 5 Messrs. Ridsdale and Johnson for Blankets © te e © e 2 I To 90 persons in lieu of Coals, 4s. 6d, each . © e e º . 20 5 1816. Subscription to the Nightly Watch for 1817 . • e º e 25 y 3 to the Dispensary . © e & g e . . 2 I yy to Sheffield Infirmary . . º us e 6. . IO IO yy School of Industry . º º & o * º . 2 2 Coals and Money in lieu of Coals, £25. e & e e e . I IO 8 6 The School of Industry, now commenced in part of the old college building, was an excellent institution, for the instruction of girls in household affairs and needlework, superintended by a committee of ladies, and which, during the period it was carried on, was notable for the Superior class of young women servants who were trained and educated there. The girls wore a neat, plain dress provided for them. S. d. 182O. Mar. 3. John Wragg lost his arm by a Cannon at the proclamation of Geo. IV. . e © º tº © © e e * © . I I Expences at the Proclamation of Geo. IV. o • . . e º 2 I2 6 52 4 Io 33 otherijam. S. d. Edward Chrimes Bill for William Hudson's pump . . . . * 6 4. Smith & Binks Bill for Reservoir . e tº . & * © . IO6 I9 A years Water Rents (Bridgegate) . . . . . . . 13 1821. July 19. Coronation distribution to the poor . e s º e 42 Coals and Money in lieu of Coals, £37 I6s. . * º te © . I49 8 I823. 5 y 5 y 35 ,, .640 I4s. 6d. º tº - . I4O I2 6 1825. April 20. Messrs. Walker, Eyre, and Stanley, being part of Feoffees Subscription towards the building of the New Town Hall º . 3OO Aug. 8. The remaining part of Feoffees Subscription for the New Town Hall . & © e º e e e tº © . 2 II Feb. 224 loads Coals . e © re e o o 44 I6 O 1834. Mr. Chambers for 216 loads Coals at 4s. 2d. per load . 45 O O Money in lieu of Coals . & e © º e º 24 O O — II 3 I6 1837. April 28. Donation to the British and Foreign School . º . IOO 1838. Jan. 16. Expences at the Proclamation of the Queen e º . 5 I5 9 Feb. 13. Mr. Earnshaw for Blankets . . . . . . 7 6 1839. April 15. Cash paid this day into the Rotherham Bank, Cheque received from the Rotherham Poor Law Union for land sold to them IOII Aug. 24. Paid to Mr. Richard Brook purchase-money for Houses and premises at the top of Westgate, for the Fixtures therein, and interest as per statement, such Houses having been previously purchased to pull down in order to widen and improve that narrow and dangerous part of Westgate street . e © . I 319 I2 6 1842. Cost of New Corn Exchange. e e º o . 92 I 7 5 Received Subscriptions towards the Building . e . 363 13 557 I4. 5 Rent for Stalls due I Jan. . e º & e 3O A400 left by Mr. Thomas Bagshaw, July 16, 1842 : One 4th part of the interest thereon amongst 20 poor men and women, on the 4th of March and 9th of December. One 4th part to the Bible Society. One 4th part to the Dispensary. 1844. Earl Fitzwilliam for I5O Loads Coals at 3s. 6d. per Lá 4- e . 26 5 O 1850. Rental, ſG46 73. Aug. IO. Bath Shares . e -> º º e e e . IO5 The following quarter century presents several instances of important improvements accomplished, and of charities augmented. from the QBinute 2500ft of the ſcoffeeg. The preceding extracts from the accounts will now be followed by a few extracts from the Minute Book of the feoffees, the first entry in which is September 26, 1758, and which give a fuller account of their proceedings than the accounts can do. - 1762. Jan. 25. It is ordered that the Greaves for the time being shall subscribe and pay for each Common-right House (of which eleven are enumerated) belonging to the Feoffees the sum of IOS towards establishing their rights in the Fields, Commons, and Waste Grounds belonging to the Town, as a Bill is ordered into Parliament for closing the same. 1763. Nov. 2. That £IOo be subscribed by the Feoffees towards applying for an Act for making a Turnpike Road from Rotherham to Mansfield. 1763. Oct. II. Ordered the Field land on Micklehill be enclosed in three closes according to the division given in by the Surveyors, at the expense of the Feoffees. The minutes for several years relate to tenancies, and to the arrangements required to be made for erecting the charity school, and for its management, of which an account is elsewhere given. - 1775. April 22. Ordered that the Greaves consult with Mr. Platt about a Plan and Estimate of a Charity School and Dwelling house. That leave be given to Lord Effingham as lord of the Manor of Rotherham to hold his Court Baron in New Town Hall paying to the Feoffees 6d. annually as an acknowledgement. - (5rantſ; from the (ºr 0 to n, &c. 4. II - 1776. Jan. 20. That a Salary of Five Pounds shall be allowed to a Watchman who shall constantly go through the Town from this time to Christmas, and shall always begin his Walk at 12 o'clock and end at 3 o'clock in the morning. And that he shall be provided with a grea coat, hat, and bell. That John Martin be appointed Watchman. - - May 28. That when a new Master is chosen [to the Free School] he shall not be allowed the use of the Rooms under the Jury Room. But that they be reserved for the use of the Feoffees. And that before the Master be appointed he shall enter into an engagement to allow the Feoffees the use of the School when required. Dec. 23. That Mr. Platt be immediately employed to examine the practicability of opening a communication between the Town Hall and the Rooms lately called the Schoolmaster's Room by a staircase. And also between the School and the said Room if he thinks it can be done without injury to the Jury Room. - 1777. June 27. Ordered that the Greaves do immediately set about and finish the staircase in the Townhall, that they open a window into Jesusgate Out of the Jury room, paper it with a common paper, and buy 12 Elm Chairs with bass bottoms for the use of the Feoffees. Also 2 Oak tables such as Greaves shall think most convenient. Aug. 27. Ordered that application be made by the Greave for a Carre Road out of the Beast Market into Wellgate through Hample Yard Garden. Also for a driving road out of the Beast Market into Westgate through the Oil Mill fold, and that the terms of the owners be communicated to the Feoffees at their next meeting. 1778. Jan. 20. That application be made to the owners of Hamper's Yard (sic) Garden to open a footpath through them as formerly used, And in case they do refuse, That an Indictment be preferred against them for stopping the same way at the next Pontefract Sessions. June 6. Ordered that the Greaves do employ a proper person to examine ye state of ye Alms House and to report what expense will be necessary to make the same into a Dwelling House for ye Deputy Constable, and secure Gaols for the reception of prisoners. z 1779. Feb. 5. That the Greaves do immediately agree with Mr. Platts for altering the Alms House to a prison, &c., according to a plan now in their hands so that the expense of the alteration do not exceed Thirty-six Pounds. Also that the Greaves do enter into an agreement with ye sq Mr. Platt for ye erection of a Market House in such a situation as the Feoffees shall direct so that ye expense of ye same shall not exceed One hundred and fifty-six pounds. 1779. May 5th. Ordered that the Marquis of Rockingham have leave to make his Navigable Cutt through the land in Greasbrough Ings belonging to the Trust Estate but that no exchange be now accepted as a satisfaction for the same. And it is further ordered that when the Marquis of Rockingham comes into Yorkshire application be made to him for the general exchange, which if he refuses to comply with, that then the satisfaction for the particular injury sustained by carrying the Cutt through the said Land, be left to him alone to settle. The exchange was satisfactorily effected. July 16. Ordered That John Watson be permitted to inhabit that part of the Alms House designed for the Deputy Constable. That the rent for the same shall be Five Pounds. Only to use the two first rooms and the Pantry on the Ground floor and the two Chambers over the same. The other parts of the House being designed for other purposes. And that he shall not take out a license to sell ale or spirituous liquors. 1780. April 20. That an Agreemt be entered into with Mr. Platt for the erection of a Market House in such a situation as the Feoffees shall direct so that the expence shall not exceed £168, including the removal of the Stocks & Pillory to such place as the Feoffees shall direct. ‘. . 1781. The Market House was built by the Feoffees in , 1781. We paid Mr. Platt for building it £172 12s. 6d. & the Market place cost £50 paving by the Inhabitants. 1785. Jan. 8. Ordered that Mr. Foljambe be ordered to take necessary steps to investigate the right of the Schoolmaster of the Grammar School in this Town to a Moiety of the Estate at Dalton. -- Oct. 18. In consequence of a notice to consider of the propriety of establishing Sunday. Schools in the Township it is unanimously agreed by us whose names are hereunto written that such establishment will be of great Public Utility, and that the Greave Mr. John Clark shall subscribe the sum of Ten Guineas towards carrying the same scheme into execution, and it is further agreed That a Meeting of the Inhabitants shall be requested on Sunday Evening next at the Vestry after the Divine Service to consider of a proper plan of carrying the same into execution. JNO. BOWER J NO. KAY JOHN CLARK JOHN FOLJAMBE RT. WILSON ROBT. CUTFORTHAY S. H. HAMER JOHN BOWER for JACOB BOOMER. 412 - 330th crijam. 1786. Jan. 28. That the Greave do pay for the Ground taken from the Premises now Thomas Radley's to make the Talbot lane more commodious. The sum was £4 IOs. A guinea a yard. Feby 13. That Mr. Foljambe be offered Ten Guineas for the projection into the Beast Market at the top of Mrs. Dyson's yard, and that liberty be reserved to him to make Beast or Sheep Pens thereon [which he accepted.] It was about I I or 12 yards long by 6 yards wide. I787. Jan. 27. Ordered. That Mr. Foljambe do take the necessary steps to recover the possession of a Moiety of an Estate at Dalton now in the hands of James Brownell for the use of the Schoolmaster of the Free School according to the uses of the original Deed of Settlement. Ordered. That the ancient footpath through Hamper Yard be kept open. That the Treasurer of the Charity School do enquire into the most proper situation to sink a Well for the use of the Charity School. - 1789. Mar. 6. That Joseph Windsor be appointed Watchman & that he walk the Streets every night from one to three o'clock & that he have a yearly Salary of two Guineas. 1790. Jany I. That it is the opinion of this meeting that a New Shambles would be of great use to the Inhabitants of Rotherham. A proper place for it to be enquired about and report. r That the Greaves be desired to consult proper persons what is fittest to be done with the Wells in Wellgate so as to accomodate both the Inhabitants and the Street, and report. - Mr. Wm. Yates & J. Thompson to give their opinion & produce estimate. 1797. Jany 5. That John Woofindin do succeed John Watson as Beadle, and that he be permitted to inhabit part of the Alms House designed for the Deputy Constable, also the Garden, and that the rent for the same be four pounds. 1798. Jan. 5. Ordered that the Revd R. Burton be requested to attend the Commºs of the Dalton Inclosure at Dalton Brooke on the I Ith Inst, to make a claim for our moiety of Mr. Brownhill's (sic) estate due to the Free School in Rotherham, and that the Feoffees do pay all expenses necessary to be expended in that dispute. Also that Mr. Holden be requested to take the management of this business for the Feoffees. I8OO. January. Ox and potatoes purchased for the destitute poor. February. DO. do. do. March. Do. do. do. 1801. January. That the Feoffees subscribe ÁIOO to the Committee for purchasing provisions to retail to the poor. Ox and potatoes purchased. February. Do. do. - 1 Aug. 5. That the Company of Proprietors of the Rotherham Market place, be permitted, if they think proper to get Stone for the use of the said market place in the Garden in Talbot lane [lately purchased by the Feoffees of Sam! Tooker Esq.] upon reasonable terms. - 18O3. Nov. 3. To stop getting any more stone in the Quarry belonging the Feoffees in Talbot lane. 1804. That Mr. Coupland call upon Mr. Holden for the Title deeds belonging the Dalton Estate. - 1804. Jan. 7. That the Greave do pay Mr. Flint the amount of his account of £27 Is. Id. the sum expended in arming 35 men for the purpose of Home defence & that Mr. Flint engages with the Feoffees to return into their possession all the Guns &c. - 1806. May 24. That this Meeting much approving of the establishing a Dispensary in the Town. Resolve. That the House belonging the Feoffees situate in Wellgate and now occupied by Mr. Geo. Travis be let to be used as a Dispensary at £IO a year, and subscribe £20 to be paid immediately, and also £2O as an Annual Subscription. 1810. July II. The Feoffees having extended their pipe to the Town Hall steps for the more general benefit of the Inhabitants of the Town, persons wishing to have a supply to their Houses to have it from side pipes—the Feoffees do not hold themselves bound to maintain the pipe, but at their own will for the benefit of the Inhabitants. 1812. Jan. 24. Watchmen to be appointed, and that the Greave do provide 3 Great Coats, lanterns and Rattles for the use of the Watchmen who may be appointed, to be the property of the Feoffees. - 1812. May 7. The high price of provisions rendering it difficult for the labouring class to support themselves—ordered that the sum of Thirty pounds be subscribed. - June 19. Further advance having taken place in the price of provisions, ordered that a further sum of £50 be given, and a public meeting called. Oct. 22. That £20 be given towards defraying the expence of the Nightly Watch. I814. Feb. IO. That 30 pair of Blankets be distributed. (5tants from the (ſtatum, &c. 4 I 3 1817. Mr. Thos Bagshaw, Jno Adams, Fran' Squires, Chas Savile, & Chas Nightingale nominated Greaves. 1818. Land exchanged with Mr. Craven he giving 2 Closes at Moorgate and one Close in Bradmarsh about 2a, 3r. Op.–and to receive a Close & Garden at the end of Westgate—and from a deficiency in the land £20 in money. Alterations in the Town Hall required by the Magistrates for the holding of Quarter Sessions. June 17. John Woofindin incapable of further service, and John Johnson appointed in his place. ! | 1821. July 14. At the Coronation of Geo. IV. Forty Guineas to be distributed among poor people & the Charity School Children with Roast Beef & plum pudding. 1823. Sep. 16. Domine Well being much out of repair and the water diverted from its course, ordered that it be put in a proper state of repair. - I824. Aug. 4. The Town Hall being now in so ruinous and dangerous a state, and requiring at least £300 to put it in repair, and having been built by the Feoffees near a century ago, and the Sessions being threatened to be removed from the Town, And the Magistrates of the West Riding having voted 4 IOOO towards the erection of a New Hall for the use of the Magistrates and holding the Sessions which Hall is also intended for the general purposes of the Feoffees and conveniences of the Town including the Grammar and Church Sunday Schools. It was therefore unanimously agreed—That the present old Town Hall be taken down and the old materials sold, And that the sum of £500 be contributed by the Feoffees, and from the liberal subscription also made “it appears that the funds of the Trust will be rather benefitted than injured,” &c., &c. - 1827, May 9. The Feoffees agree to sell to the Water Company the reservoir, piping, right, and interest, which they have in the water conveyed from the Wells to the bottom of Bridgegate for £2OO. Nov. 26. It being thought desirable that a New Dispensary should be erected on the site of the old Town Hall, and a liberal subscription having been entered into for that purpose, and for combining a Library and Newsroom over part of the same, or over the Grammar School. The Feoffees agree to give the whole of the old materials [valued before at £265] of the Hall towards the intended Dispensary, and to advance a sum not exceeding £300 if necessary, upon being paid by the subscribers such reasonable rent or interest as will cover the repairs and insurance, such Building to be under the superintendence of the Feoffees, &c., &c. Copy of an order (granted at Pontefract Sessions, 1827) relative to the new town hall, erected 1826. - West Riding) At the Easter General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, of our Lord the King, Of holden at Pontefract, 23 April, I827, &c., &c. Yorkshire. - It is Ordered - - That the New Court House at Rotherham be allowed to be used by the Feoffees of the Common lands of the Town of Rotherham for their general Business, and that the said Court House be also used for general purposes as the Court House at Wakefield. By the Court, BENJAMIN DIXON, Deputy Clerk of the Peace. 1828. May 22. That the exchange between the Feoffees & Lord Howard for the cottage in the occupation of Mrs. Crawshaw be carried out & the old Bakehouse in the occupation of Joseph Ludlam be carried into effect & that the Feoffees proceed forthwith to erect a New Bakehouse on the land of his Lordship opposite, on the site already fixed upon by Mr. Hinde. Oct. I5. The old Bakehouse & the House occupied by Richd Goodhair to be taken down. A plan made of the spare ground in a line with the New Dispensary, and the land offered on Building lease. - - Notice to be given to the Revd B. Birkett to quit the situation he holds as Master of the Free Grammar School. - 1832. July 18. Ordered that 4, IOO be given to the Fund raised for the purpose of building Schools in Connection with the British & Foreign School Society and that so much land as is necessary for building such School be granted from the Garden lately occupied by Widow Jowett. Afterwards ordered that the School be granted a Play ground on the land east of the School. . - - - 1836. Jan. 20. Mr. Bland appointed to succeed Wm. Brown. I837. Oct. 20. Application having been made by the Guardians of the Poor Law Union for the purchase of Land 5a. Or, 17%, situate bottom of Westgate [in the occupation of Matthew Naylor] that the same be offered to them for the sum of One thousand pounds. [Accepted.] 4 I4 330th crijam. 1838. May 30. Ordered that the above purchase-money shall be expended in purchasing two Houses at the top of Westgate now or lately occupied by Jonn Brown and Thomas Binks the property of Mr. Richd Brook for £1,200. - - June 20. The Charity School scholars to be regaled with roast beef & plum pudding on the occasion of the coronation of Queen Victoria. Nov. 21. That so soon in the ensuing Spring as may be desirable, the Old Ship Inn and the Messuage & Premises lately purchased of Mr. Brooke be pulled down and a New Inn be erected. I839. June 5. Plans for a new Inn submitted by Messrs. Hurst & Moffatt. Advertm's to be issued for Tenders. S. d. Accepted John Booth, Mason . ſº ſº * tº º e & # 5 O O Geo. Gee, Joiner g ſº ge e wº º tº g 375 O O John Jarvis, Slater * tº sº e e { } º . 29 O O Thos. Pinder, Plumber . tº e & g o tº 76 o o Geo. Leadbeater, Plasterer . ſº e º e g . 97 IO O A I,302 IO O 1840. Jan. I6. John Bland resigned and Henry Womack appointed. £30 paid to John Clark for Survey of the property of the Feoffees. House to be built by Mr. Bland of the value of £500 with 40 years Lease and 4. Io a year. That Emm! Jarvis build a House of the value of £300 on 40 years Lease and 4. Io quit rent. Nov. 21. It being thought desirable that a Corn Exchange be erected, Plans to be furnished by Mr. Worth. 1841. May 28. Plan for Corn Exchange prepared by Mr. Booth adopted. That £500 be granted by the Feoffees towards its erection, they having the benefit of rent for Stalls and such other purposes as they may be able to obtain. £ S. d. Tenders accepted: John Booth, Mason e * ſº © º © . 363 O O Reed & Co., Woodwork . * e tº e © I75 O O Jno. Pitt & Co., Plumbers . sº & {º ge . 52 O O Jno. Charlesworth, Plastering . & g * e 38 O O Robt. Hudson, Painting. tº & º * e 9 O Thos. Jarvis, Slating . * † • , a º te 7 IQ O Iron Work and Warming, £50. - £644 8 O 1843. Nov. 9. The Court Leet having viewed the wells in Wellgate, and the Steward of the Court Leet having been requested to communicate the same to the Feoffees, who had hitherto the care and management of such Wells, that it was the wish of the Jury that the present wells should be removed, and one convenient trough set up adjoining the pump. Resolved that this be done. ‘w 1845. Jan. 2. Application from the projected Rotherham, Bawtry, and Gainsborough Junction Railway, to pass through or to purchase the House, Yard, &c., &c., in Westgate, occupied by Mr. Hoyle, and the premises occupied by Mr. C. Dobb. The Feoffees give their assent. The Feoffees decline to take shares, but will do what is in their power to promote the undertaking for the benefit of the Town. - - 1847. Jan. 14. A Savings' Bank having been established, Five Pounds to be given to the Treasurer of the same; and that the sum of £25 be given to the erection of the intended National School. 1848. Jan. II. Henry Womack resigned, and Geo. Marshall appointed. Copy of resolution passed by Public Meeting August 2 Ist, 1849. - That this Meeting authorize the Churchwardens for the time being to Lease the Messuage and Premises occupied by George Lent and his undertenants on the best terms they can obtain with a view of widening Bridgegate there, and if possible to open a new street to the river Don from Bridgegate. That it is the opinion of this Meeting that the Feoffees should be requested to co-operate with the Churchwardens by purchase or otherwise in carrying out the above desirable object. Oct. 24. Suggestion made by the Earl of Effingham as to opening a new street to the Rotherham Bridge at the back of Millgate. Proceedings herein postponed. . Dec. 28. Thanks of the Feoffees to the Earl of Effingham for Plans and Estimates of street to relieve Bridgegate.—Requested to leave the plans. (5tantſ; frºm tiſt (ºr Gºtt, &c. 4. I 5 1850. Jan 18. The Feoffees highly approve of the plans, but on account of interference with private property, and large cost [63150], feel as a body they would not be justified in the responsibility. - April 4. That Fifty Shares be taken in the proposed Literary and Mechanics' Institute, provided the rules and deeds of the Institute be approved by a majority of the Feoffees. That Messrs. Guest and Chrimes be requested to try one of their Water Plugs for Fire Engines, in order to ascertain if it was desirable to have some put down. Dec. 18. That 50 pairs of Blankets be distributed to the deserving and necessitous poor, as a Loan, to be marked “Feoffees,” and that a notice be sent to the brokers to prevent pawning. 1851. Jan. 2. That each Feoffee be requested to recommend 2 or 3 deserving persons to receive the proportion of Interest arising from Mr. Bentley's Donation, and that each Feoffee select a few names, and produce them at the Meeting on the 8th instant. - These minutes, extending over a space of about eighty years, afford a very favourable view of the more important benefits derived by the town of Rotherham from this Trust, and which may be roughly summarised as follows: - The feoffees took proper measures to secure their claims to common rights, under the Enclosure Award. They promoted the making of a turnpike road (the Rotherham and Mansfield road) through the lands so acquired by them over the Town Moor, which in process of time became transformed into the fair, favourite, and fashionable suburb of Moorgate. - - - The erection of the Charity Schools next followed, in which must be recognised the same clear perceptions of what was required, in the reclamation and culture of the neglected and otherwise untutored young of the impoverished working class, as well as for the reclaiming of the dangerous Swamps and sterile soil of the common lands. - Next, as on a pyramidal principle, followed the erection of a spacious Court of Justice, surmounting an equally spacious Grammar School. - These spirited undertakings, for the period, which required a considerable amount of outlay, were accomplished in the first fifteen years comprised in the minutes. Then follows what seems a blot on annals otherwise free from stain, the conversion of “Our Ladye's Chapel on the Bridge,”—which in its first declension became an Almshouse, and as such, was still devoted to Christian service—into that repulsive receptacle of disorder and crime—a gaol. No doubt they had reasons for so vile a desecration. • , Very noticeable is the care manifested by them in removing from time to time at considerable cost, whatever obstacles prevented free access to the Beast Market, and in promoting whatever secured to it the advantage and business attraction of being one of the best cattle markets in the kingdom. - In 1781 a market house was built at a cost of £172. In 1791 the stone wells were constructed in Wellgate, the stream conducted into them, and the street made traversable all its width at an outlay of £300. In 1804 the feoffees advanced £500 in shares, and A 175 on mortgage of the new shambles, and rebuilt the house at the corner of the market for £602; in 1824, they expended £500 towards the new court house, and in 1827, ſjoo in money and £265 in material for the new dispensary. In 1838 they purchased of Mr. Brooke property at the top of Westgate for £1200, and in 1839 erected the Ship Inn at a further cost of £1400. In 1842, the new corn exchange was erected at a cost of £921 7s. 5d., towards which the feoffees contributed £557 14s. 5d. In 1850, Bath shares, £105. These were contributions of the feoffees for the period specified, towards the improvement of the town. . - The feoffees seem also to have evinced due regard for the proper defence of the kingdom when required. So early as I 537 we find an equipment for the purpose described, and again in 16 IO charges about the “armour of the sayd towne” are incurred. - In 1782, May 22. “Ordered that the Greaves subscribe the sum of £30 towards carrying into execution Lord Shelburne's plan for arming the people.” It seems this was not required. In 1804, Aug. 9, Joseph Flint, for the armed association, is supplied with thirty-five guns and equipments complete, at the cost of £27 Is. 1d. - - - - - 4 16 - 33 atherham. Having expressed regret, when noticing the severance of the grant of the properties at Wickersley and Marr, that there appeared to be no information as to why these important properties should have been lost to Rotherham; we are glad to state that further search has been rewarded by the discovery of the Decree, a transcript of all the essential portions of which, and an abstract of the other part, are now given. [DECREE.]a Whereas the yerelye rent of tenne shillinges yssuinge owte of certeine landes in Dennibye in the countye of Yorke hath bene heretofore found to be gyven by Thomas Reresbye esq. deceased vnto certeine of thinhabitauntes of the towne of Rotheram in the same Countye for the mainetenaunce of certeine Obites within the said towne, and also the yerelye rent of 4s. fownd to be yssuinge owte of certeine landes in Rotheram aforesaid, as given by one Richard Wilcoke liekewyse deceased, to certeine of the said Inhabitauntes of Rotheram for the vses abovesaid, which Severall rentes amounting to the yerelye rent of 14s, accordinglye came in chardge with the Audytor of the countye of Yorke as due vnto the late Kinge Edwarde the sixte by the statute made for the dyssolucion of Chauntries, and hath bene duelye aunswered euer sythence by thinhabitauntes of the said towne of Rotheram. And where sithence, that ys to saye abowte the xxvith yere of the raigne of the late quene Elizabeth, yt was vpon better and more true informacion found by Commission that the landes out of which the said yerelye rent of 14s, were supposed to be yssuinge were gyven for the mayntenance of the said Obyte and thereby to belonge vnto the late quenes matiº of famous memorye quene Elizabeth, as by an Inquisicion taken before Thomas Reresbye and others at Rotheram, on the 2 May, 26 Elizabeth, “remayninge in this Courte in the Custodye of his highnes Remembrauncer more at large yt doth appeare; which landes and tenementes” were granted by Letters Patent of 26 August, 26 Elizabeth, with other lands and tenements in Rotheram, Brinsforthe, Marsbroughe, and Kymberworth, to Lawrence Wodnet and Anthony Collyns, and their heirs, “rendringe therefore yerelye unto her highnes her heires and successors the yerelye Somme of 28s. Of lawfull englishe money; and also dyuers landes and tenementes in Wyckersley in the said countye of the yerely value of 5s. 4d. and dyuers landes in Marre in the said countye of the yerely value of 5s. 8d.; as by the said letters Patentes more at large yt doth and maye appeare.” Whereas also the said Lawrence Woodnet and Anthony Collyns, for the sum of £61 5s., by Indenture of I Sept., 26 Elizabeth, granted to William West, William Blythe, Richard Burrowes and Henry Browne, all those lands aforesaid (including the lands in Wickersley and Marre) paying to the queen yearly for the lands in Rotheram, Brinsforth, Marshbrough, Kymberworthe, & Dennybye 38s, and for the lands in Wyckersley & Marre IIs. amounting to the yearly rent of 49s. “And where also in the ministers accompte of Chauntrye landes, Obites, lightes and such lieke for ” 2 James I. “the Somme of A 44 ys chardged by the Audytor of the said countye vpon William West, William Blythe, Richard Burrowes and others, Fermours of cottages landes and tenements within the townes, fieldes, and parishes of Rotheram, Brynsforthe, Marsborowe, Kymberworthe, Wyckersley, Dennybye, and Marre, for the rent & Ferme of 49s. per annum, by them due and unpaied for twentye yeres ended at the feast of St. Michaell tharkangle in the said second yere of the Kinges mates raigne that nowe ys, as by a constat vnder the hand of John Stanelye gent deputye Audytor of the said countye of Yorke this daye liekewise shewed doth also appeare. Nowe forasmuch as Thomas Woodhowse gent, Robert Oakes, Jefferey Wollen, and Robert Cawthorne, have this terme made Oathe in this Courte (amongst other thinges) that the said landes lyinge in Rotheram Brinsforthe, Marsborowe, Kymberworthe, and Dennyby, graunted to the said William West, William Blithe, Richard Borrowes and Henrye Browne as aforesaid, were for and to the comen vses of the inhabitauntes of the said towne of Rotheram and theire heirs, and are at this tyme and sythence the grauntinge of them as aforesaid have bene in the possession of the inhabitauntes of Rotheram, and that the said landes in Wyckersley are in thoccupacion of St Frauncy's Leake Knight or his assignes, and the landes in Marre are in th'occupation of Thomas Lewes gent or his assignes, and that the said Inhabitauntes of Rotheram never did nor nowe doe hould or clayme to the use of themselves or any others for them any of the said landes in Wyckersley and Marre;” and that the lands granted by Woodnet & Collyns to W. West & the others “are the same lands mentioned in the constat under the hand of the said deputye Audytor to be graunted in Fee Ferme to the said William West,” &c. Counsel (Sir John Jackson) for the Inhabitaunts of Rotheram therefore moved, that, as it appears by a constat that the said rent of 14s, “ hath bene duely aunswered ever sithens the dyssolucion of Chauntries,” the Inhabitants of Rotherami might have allowance of it &c.:—“It is this daye ordered by the Courte that the said Inhabitauntes of Rotheram shall have allowaunce and defalcacion of the said Somme of I4S. per * Decree in the Exchequer (Queen's Remembrancer's side). 3 James I., Mich. Term, II October. (Decrees and Orders, Vol. III., Public Record Office.) Örants frºm the Crotum, &c. 417 annum from the 26 yere of her late Maties raigne untill the feast of St. Michaell tharckangle in the said second yere of the Kinges mates raigne that nowe ys, beinge twentye yeres, amountinge to the Somme of £ I4. Owte of the said Somme of £44 sett insuper upon them as aforesaid, and that the said inhabitaunts of Rotheram shall from the said feast of St. Michaell tharkangle in the said second yere of his matiºs raigne, and soe from thenceforthe, paye to the kinges mate the yerely rent of 38s. for the said landes in Rotheram, Brinsforthe, Marsboroughe, Dennybye, and Kimberworthe, graunted to the said Lawrence Woodnett and Anthony Collyns by the said late Quenes Matie as aforesaid and noe more. And also that they the said Inhabitauntes of Rotheram shall have lieke allowance and defalcacion of the said somme of IIs. per annum chardged upon them for the said landes in Wickersley and Marre as aforesaid, from the said 26th yere of the said late Quenes Maties raygne untill the ” 2 James I., “beinge also 20 yeres, amountinge to the Somme of eleaven powndes Owte of the said Somme of £44 chardged upon them as aforesaid ; and that the said occupiers & owners of the said landes & tenementes in Wickersley and Marre” shall pay to the king the Said £ II for the arrearages of those lands grown due as aforesaid, and from Michaelmas, 2 James I., shall pay henceforth to the king his heirs & successors the said yearly reserved rent of IIS. for the same lands, as it becomes due, “and that they the said inhabytauntes of Rotheram shalbe absolutelye and clearelye dischardged from payment of the same.” The sums of 4, 14 and 4 II “Soe defalked” out of the said sum of £44 amount to £25, leaving 4, 19, of which £4 I5s, has been paid by the Feoffees of Rotheram to the use of the late Queen to Edward Morrys, Commissioner for collecting arreareges in the county of York, “ of which Somme of £4 I5s, the Courte thought yt reasonable and it soe ordered that the said inhabitauntes of Rotheram shall have allowaunce also out of the said somme of 4, 19," leaving 4 I4 5s. due to the king, “which, for that the said Inhabitauntes alleadged that they had paied the most parte thereof unto one Henry Mappleton who receaved the same by coullour of A Commission out of this Courte as he pretended, ys respited to the said inhabitauntes to be paied to the Receaver generall of the said Countye, the one half thereof at the feast of Easter next comminge, and the other half or moytye thereof at the feast of St. Michaell tharckangle which shalbe in the yere of Our Lord god I606.” This Order shall be sufficient warrant to the Auditor of the County of York for making the said allowance to the inhabitants & for charging the arrears on the Occupiers & Owners of the lands in Wickersley & Marre, & for the final discharge of the inhabitants of Rotheram of the yerely rent of I4s, as above. (Iijt ſtuffers' Charity $riſonſ. The Charity School of the Feoffees seems to have been deservedly regarded by them for a long period of time, as one of the most practically beneficial institutions connected with their trust. It has received very slight mention in any historical notice of the town. It has been usually described as having been founded by Lawrence Woodnett, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, and Anthony Collins, Esq., of London, and has occasioned no little perplexity as to why these gentlemen, whose names even were unknown, they having no residential object as owners of property or otherwise to connect them with the town, should have promoted the foundation of an important charity school in it. Their names have been similarly, but more properly, connected with the grants affecting the grammar school; and Hunter, notwithstanding his usual accuracy, attributes the foundation of the grammar school to them as follows: “who by deed, dated September 1, 1584, conveyed to certain trustees and their heirs lands at Rotherham, Masborough, and Brinsworth, together with a building called the town hall at Rotherham, for the purpose of establishing a grammar school”;" whereas “the Decree for the revyving of the Grammar School at Rotherham, and the continuance thereof.” is dated the 3rd Eliz., April 15, 1561, and the large grant of lands, &c., herein given, bears date 26th Eliz., 1584, twenty-three years after. There seems to have been an earlier school frequently mentioned in the earlier accounts of the feoffees as the “petty school.” f * Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. I2. 53 4.18 33 otherham. At its commencement, although with the other charities, it was under the care and management of the feoffees, it had a separate book of accounts. The beginning of it is too mutilated to be made out, but an entry, dated 1727, gives the date of the commencement. “Whereas a Charity School was sett up in the Town of Rotherham about Michaelmas 1708 for cloathing poor children and teaching them to read, write, knitt and sew, and for instructing them in the knowledge and duties of the Christian religion as professed and taught in the Church of England, which school is still continued, and divers sums of money have been given and lands purchased to the use of the said Charity School for ever.” Further subscriptions are asked for, &c. This entry seems to settle the period of the establishment of the school, and its excellent object, and also to prove that this praiseworthy institution was a direct and genuine outcome of the public spirit of the town in the promotion of religion, good order, and education. In the first decypherable account we have full and very interesting particulars given in the account of Mr. William Aslabie in 17 Io. This is also inaccurately referred to by Hunter; he says, “The Grammar School provided only classical instruction. But about the beginning of the last century, when Robert Nelson and other benevolent persons were exerting themselves in establishing schools for the lower orders in the principal seats of population, one was founded at Rotherham, towards which the Rev. Henry Robinson, minister of St. John's church at Leeds, sent £100, to which the hon. Thomas Wentworth, a nobleman ever ready to promote every good and generous work, added A. 136.” These noble sums were not contributed to any new foundation, for the purpose stated, but to the existing Charity School, with other sums, as hereunder given, for the purchase of lands, and which appears in “The accounts of William Aslabie, treasurer of the Charity School of Rotherham, set up, and beginning at Ladyday, 1709, and carried to Midsummer, 17 Io, this 19th day of August, 17 Io,” as follows:— RECEIPTS. - S. d. The accountant chargeth himself with half a year's subscriptions received of ye hon. Thomas Wentworth, Esq., att Michalmas, 1709 . 2 I5 And with cash ye said Mr. Wentworth gave to purchase land for ye benefit of ye said school e e o º o º A whole year's subscription of ye rev. Mr. Robinson of Leeds And with money he gave to purchase lands with o & A gratuity given to the said school by ye hon. George Watson . Mr. Foljambe, for a whole year's subscription o Mr. Westby, for ye like . Mr. Gill, for ye like . o Mr. Geo. Ellis, for ye like Mr. Tooker, for ye like Mrs. Gill, for ye like º Mr. Greenhalgh, for ye like Mr. Darwent, for ye like Of myself, for ye like. Mr. Ferrand, for ye like. Mr. Buck, for ye like . Mr. Beverley, for ye like Mr. More, for ye like . e Mr. Hutchinson, for ye like . O I36 I O . I O Il O Of Richard Oddy, for ye like Of Mrs. Smithson, for ye like Of Capt. West for ye like . Of Mr. Newby, for ye like Of Mrs. Mansel, for ye like Of Mr. Mandeville, for ye like Of Mr. Spavald, for ye like Of Geo. Pashley, for ye like . Of Mr. Rotherham, for ye like . a Hunter's “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. 13. (5tants from tijt (ſtſ tº it, &c. 4I 9 # S. d. Of Capt. Bigg, for ye like . O IO O Of Mr. Staniforth, for ye like . º 2 O O Of Mr. T. Sent, for ye like . º e e O IO O Of Wm. Downs, for a whole year's subscription O IO O Of John Clark for ye like . © e © º O 5 O For 2 year's rent for my House due St. George day. 4 O O For a year's rent out of the Town's Stock 1709-17 IO . 2 O O Of Samuel Stevenson, for half year's rent. o o I 2 6 For a close in Ecclesfield parish let to Thomas Glossop I 17 6 Of Thomas Bower in part of Michs rent, 1709. e 2 O O Of Mrs. West, for her whole year's subscription, 1709 . O IO O £281 8 9 DISBURSEMENTS. # S. d. Paid for lands bought in Ecclesfield parish as by acquittance on ye back of deed . g e © e º e " & e ſº . 235 O O Paid Mr. Singleton for five quarters' salary for teaching ye school, ending Midsomer, 17 IO . . . . . . . . . I5 O O Paid Goody Collyer for a year and halfe for ye school house, ending Lammas, I'7IO . º º © & o e e { } e . 3 I 5 O Mr. Downes, for wool and oyle for making cloathes for ye children . I 8 O Paid Mrs. Cooper, which she laid out for spinning and making ye cloathes 3 IO O Paid Mrs. Cooper more for making bands, and for her paines . I I 3 O. Paid ye taylors for making coats and caps for 18 boys at Is. 2d. a piece, and for making coats for I2 girls at Is. a piece, and for 30 paires of shoes, I5 at Is. 8d, and I 5 at Is. 6d. . © e º º º . 2 9 6 The further charges of which details need not be further given here amount to . º © e . . o e o º º 2 I 4 II I I9 5 289 5 4 Receipts total . e . 281 8 9 Due to ye accountant . 5 I6 9 We have passed and examined these accounts, and doe allow, thereof THOS, WENTWORTH, ROBT. DARWENT, G. FOLJAMBE, E. MORE, JOHN TOOKER, SAMUEL BUCK. The detail of these accounts is given as introducing a new effort for the benefit of the school, as recording the names of the resident gentry of the period, and as manifesting the excellent feeling which prevailed about 160 years ago in favour of the instruction and proper training of the young children of that period. The same excellent feeling is now manifesting itself in a more definite and determined form, characteristic of the period at which we have arrived, and adequate to the vast need which has for generations grown up, and also as evincing a grand national desire effectually to meet it. Mr. Singleton seems to have been appointed schoolmaster, in 1709, at a stipend of £4 per quarter; Mrs. Wood, in 1716, as mistress, at the same rate, at £2 a year for rent; Mr. Adamson, in 1746; his name appears until 1749 and none after, only what is paid to the treasurer of the charity school. In the feoffee records there is a great deal of information of much interest respecting the school betwixt 17 Io and 1776. At a meeting held at the house of Mr. Wadsworth, the 16th day of August, 1775, the Earl of Effingham in the chair: Ordered—That the cloathing of the boys in the Charity School be a blue jacket—double- breasted like sailors—with a single row of buttons, a red collar and cuff of two inches wide. The breeches to be made high on the hip, to come down to the middle of the calf of ye leg, without knee buttons. The caps blue, as formerly, but with a small red front. 42O łłotheriyam. That the dress of the girls be a blue serge jamm, with narrow red cuffs. The boys to have bands as usual. The girls to have linen caps and tippets. Grey yarn to be given to the boys, and blue to the girls, for stockings. Shoes as usual. The whole of this to put on new on every Whit Sunday. Ordered that three pieces of blue serge, at Is, 1%d yard, for girls clothing be immediately ordered of Mr. Henry Hamer, of Halifax. Also that three pieces of blue serge, half-thick, at Is. 5d. per yard for boys. Also three yards of scarlet serge, half-thick, at Is. 2d. per yard. According to the prudent practice of the age, this fantastic fashion of attiring the children was carried out very economically, as seen in the accounts of Mr. Aslabie below quoted:— S. d. Paid for 30 pairs of stockings dyeing o e % I6 O , Goody Abson for knitting 2 pair of stockings º e & O O 6 , Mr. Swallow for a stone of flax for ye children's cloaths making . O 6 O , for 39 paires of shoes mending . º e º o e º O I6 IO , William Downes for half a stone and a pound and a half of woole for stockings for ye children O 3 6 , him for oyle º º O O 6 ,, for more Oyle for spinners - º e e e º . O O 9 , William Downes for a dozen and a half of sheep skins to line ye boys' breeches 0. e & O 6 O ,, for spinning ye woole for stockings O 6 2 ,, for dyeing 30 pair of stockings . e º O 3 9 , Mr. Mansell to buy coifes for ye children O 9 O ,, for 27 loades of coales for ye Charity Schools O I 3 O These were horse loads, and were generally charged 15. a load. Paid Mrs. Cowper for dyeing, Scouering, and pressing 18 yards woolsey O 3 9 These particulars seem sufficient to show the manner in which the children of that period were clothed, and the manner in which the clothing was provided. # S. d. Paid for bookes—12 Horn bookes, 2 dozen and a half of spelling bookes, I5 Testaments, 9 Bibles, 6 common prayer bookes, 19 chate- chisme bookes, 24 paper bookes, I2 accidences, and I of Dr. Tallbott's bookes, and carriges . º e - & • • • - . 2 I 5 9% In the account of 1716 another item makes its appearance. For sampler canvis and cruelles º - e º & o & O I 2 Paid Wm. Hammon for 14 paires leather briches. º º º . O IO IO The working of samplers was one of the great feats of girls’ schools up to the beginning of the present century. A. S. d. I717. Paid John Rawood for making eight coates, britches, and capps, at Is. 6d. per Suite . © º - e O I 2 O 1775. April 22. It was ordered that the greaves consult with Mr. Platt about a plan and estimate of a Charity School and dwelling house. April 29th. It was proposed that ye Trustees present shall go from hence to the beast market to determine upon a spot or spots for trial, to be made for the getting of stone for ye building of a Charity School. That so soon as a spot shall be found whereon Stone for the purpose may be conveniently got, the acting Feoffees shall give such public notice as they judge proper that workmen may be at liberty to offer plans and proposals at the ensuing quarterly meeting for erecting ye same, so as that the house shall contain a room of at least 35 feet by I6 feet, and in height I2 feet, and the whole expense not to exceed £2OO. All the plans hitherto offered to be left with the acting Feoffees, Effingham, R. Wilson, J. Kay, J. Cutforthay, J. Foljambe, J. Johnson, J. Clarke. 36 s. The Charity School cost, building by J. Platts . e e & . 254. O d. O They gave Mr. Platts stone which cost getting e º • o I2 3 O The beast market cost them levelling . e e 6. tº º . Io 8 7 7 £276 II (5rant g from the (ºr 0 by m, &c. 42 I May 28th, 1776. Ordered that the Greaves do provide for the Charity School such tables and benches as they may think proper. OBSERVATIONS UPON THE CLOATHING, &C, The Kerseys for the boys at 2s. a yard, each piece about 30 yards. The serges for girls from Is. 6d. to Is. 8d., a yard, each piece about 30 yards. Scarlet kersey for capes, &c., at 4s. 6d. per yard, six yards will do. According to Mr. Bowers' observations in 1779, 4} yards of kersey (upon an average) cloathed a boy, as it took 90 yards; and three yards (upon an average) cloathed a girl, as it took 46 yards. George Barnby had 4d. a suit for cutting them out. He found four gross of buttons at 4s. a gross; 4 lb. of thread at 4s. ; canvass, 9 yards at Is. ; stap tape 3s. ; wool 22 lbs. at I4s. 8d.: dyeing 8d, a lb. ; Irish cloth Is. 6d. a yard ; check at Is. 2d.; girls Suits making, IS. 3d, each; boys ditto, 2s. 6d, each. Chas. Cundell, Michael Best, Samuel Wild, Jo Radley, and John Kitchingman, made the shoes in 1779. Charles Beaumont, Wm. Wild, John Greaves, and John Outram, tailors. 1795. Jan. I. That in future whoever is appointed to teach the Charity children in the township of Rotherham, shall give up his whole time to them during hours, which from Lady Day to Michaelmas shall be from 7 morning to 6 evening, and from Michaelmas to Lady Day from 8 to 5, during which time he shall teach no other person, in consideration of which the Feoffees do agree to raise the salary from 4, 18 to £30 a year; besides which he shall occupy the house, paying Is. a year; the Feoffees reserving to themselves a power of sending any number not exceeding forty-eight children. That John Clark be appointed schoolmaster for the Charity School, on consideration he enters into a bond of £200 that he will resign when called upon by the Feoffees. Nov. 7. Ordered that the Charity children be new clothed at Christmas next, and so on every succeeding Christmas, instead of Midsummer. From the earliest foundation of the school there have been annual payments made in the putting out of boys apprentices, and clothing for girls going into service. 1812, Jan. 9. Ordered—That the note for £ IOO, dated 2nd Jan., 1799, (being a debt due from the Common Lands to the Charity estate) be cancelled, on account of its being laid out in purchasing three roods land, called Pinfold Hill, purchased for the use of the charity, the writings being made accordingly. 1831. June 9. It was resolved,—That Mr. John Mycock, of Sheffield, be elected Master of the Charity School, provided he agrees to conduct the school upon the rules laid down, and on entering into a bond for 4 IOO to quit the said School and premises after six months' notice, signed by a majority of the Trustees. 1838. June 20. Ordered, That the scholars of the Feoffees' Charity School, in the Crofts, in Rotherham, be regaled with a good dinner of roast beef and plum pudding, on Thursday, the 28th June instant, on the occasion of the Coronation of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria. This old English bill of fare might well serve for our final words, we shall have but few more to offer. 1849. Mr. John Mycock, the Master of the Feoffees’ School, having in consequence of ill health, sent in his resignation, It was resolved that in consequence of his efficient services for the last 18 years, a sum of £20 be presented to him as a small mark of the esteem of the feoffees towards him, and for his uniform good conduct in his situation. 1850. Mr. Henry Braithwaite, the School Master of the National School, Rotherham, having a majority of the votes of the whole of the feoffees, he was declared duly elected, so long as he conducted himself to the entire satisfaction of the feoffees, and entered into the usual agreement with them to conduct the school in a satisfactory manner. (There were four candidates.) This school affords a remarkable instance of retention of appointment of the last four masters, there having been only four during the last one hundred years, as under: — Bartholomew Rotherham, appointed 1776, 19 years. John Clark, January, I795, 36 years. John Mycock, June, 1831, 19 years. Henry Braithwaite, January, 1850, 29 years. 4.2.2 * iègth trijam. Another wing and room over it has been added to the school, and the number of scholars increased to seventy—forty boys and thirty girls; these are educated and clothed until they are fourteen years of age, when situations are generally readily procured for them, their good conduct having usually been such as to inspire a feeling of confidence in the training which has been bestowed upon them. The clothing of both boys and girls has of late years been much improved, both in fashion and quality; the boys having round jackets, waistcoats, and trousers of blue cloth, the jacket with a narrow red binding, and the girls' frocks and tippets of blue Cobourg, in Summer, and red and black checked shawls in winter, and round straw hats, with red ribbon in winter and blue in summer. That this school has been enabled to take up an important position in the training and educational institutions of the town is not attributable to any additional benefactions for at least the last one hundred years. The good example set by Robert Nelson, the Rev. Henry Robinson, of Leeds, and the Hon. Thomas Wentworth, at the beginning of the last century, did not succeed in inducing other rich men to follow it. The school estate has improved in value, and the school has been correspondingly improved, and the town has therefore derived great advantage therefrom, without it would seem, its having had the grace to contribute thereto. The “wisdom of our ancestors” is not always regarded with great respect, but in this way (and in many others) it has thrown many a rich gleam on the downward stream of time, and has irradiated many dark and hope-deserted places with unselfish lustre, in a manner that might be wisely emulated. The quality of mercy is twice blest, It blesses him who gives and him who takes. Mr. Rotherham is reputed to have been a good schoolmaster and a clever land surveyor. But the great length of time the appointment was held by Mr. John Clark, and the prominent position he occupied for so long a period in the town, requires some special notice. In one way or other he seemed to be mixed up with most of the offices and engagements of the place. He was almost the sole land surveyor of the neighbourhood, and was considered an accurate delineator and intelligent describer of the countless properties which came under his professional care. With only one arm and hand, he made such clever use of it, as almost to be able to undertake any kind of manual work which required dexterity and skill, as engraving on silver, &c. He was an adept at fly-making and fly-fishing. He played several musical instruments, and was one of the Volunteer band—was not only a ready copier of music, but a composer on a very large scale, and assuredly was not unconscious of his own merit as a bass solo singer. Holding the appointment of master of the charity school, of public librarian, and other offices, he was known to every person and knew every property in the town and neighbourhood, and was in many respects well qualified to have carried out the object proposed by him of writing a history of Rotherham. - Mr. Mycock was a patient and painstaking teacher, and during his nineteen years' tenure of office won for himself the respect and esteem of the town. Mr. Braithwaite with great credit to himself, satisfaction to the feoffees, and benefit to the school, still holds the post of master. But the school, in the language of the time, may be said to have become a higher grade school, as well as an enlarged one. It now educates and clothes forty boys and thirty girls; and, apparrelled as described, instead of wearing the fantastic clothing respecting which gentlemen like Thomas, Earl of Effingham, interested himself in 1775, such as a double-breasted jacket like sailors, with red collars and cuffs, and knee breeches without buttons, and the girls' dress to be blue serge jamm, with narrow red cuffs, and linen caps and tippets, a dress which so exposed the poor lads especially, to the ridicule of their playmates as to convert a prizeable advantage into a daily undeserved punishment. The change now made in their appearance is such as attracts encouraging notice. The grand and comprehensive and costly machinery of the school boards will soon draw within its wide embracing fold, most of the various educational institutions with (5tant; from tiſt (ſtſ tutt, &c. 423 which the local benevolence of earlier times wisely dotted the length and breadth of the land. Notwithstanding this there will always remain a class of persons to whom even the grant of free education would be a difficult thing to secure, unless the means of procuring clothing were also in some way secured. Widows left with large families, perhaps in early life, with the scantiest of means for obtaining even insufficient food, and that even by the early but trifling earning of one or more of them, can but contemplate the rigid requirements of school board regime with well-grounded alarm and dismay. And in such an increased population of the working classes as is found in a place like Rotherham, there must always be a large number to whom the opportunity of having clothing as well as education provided, must be an inestimable boon. It is in this respect, as it would seem, that a claim may be fairly urged on behalf of such a school as that of the feoffees. That at a period when liberal and even noble efforts are put forth to advance the extension of technical and higher education, some regard might be given to the raising of the tone and true elevation of a school like this, as that the boys who have been left fatherless, may not by that dispensation of Providence be deprived of such means of cultivating the faculties with which they may be even eminently endowed, as others have, and which they might have had if a father's love and care had been spared to them. This they can have no possible hope of doing except by some such aid as might be given by this means. The charity school and the grammar school provide together a groundwork for a simple and substantial scheme by which some three or four boys might be here prepared by competitive examination, for passing on to the foundation of the grammar school, and be then enabled by assisted maintenance for two or more years, to be prepared for a further advancement by means of scholarships as wisely as generously attached to the grammar school, so that these otherwise hopeless and helpless lads might have their fair chance of “attaining higher stations in life.” Thus a number of them, however small, might year by year take their place in life, well qualified to be an honour to their native town, and a benefit to their native land. And the advantage would not be confined to the successful competitors for the prize; the emulation created in the school would be of that healthy, stimulating, and exciting character which would secure to those who did not win a success they would not otherwise have achieved. And surely there would be some honour due to a town which provided the means whereby its humblest sons even, might attain eminence, by that most Christ-like of all modes, their thus becoming fathers to the fatherless and husbands to the widow. * f - And if again the serious consideration of an advanced educational scheme is earnestly urged, it is because there is an urgent need for it. In earlier days, and with very restricted means, Rotherham always came well up to the front. Its limited requirements were liberally met. Of comparatively late years its growth has been so rapid as to outstrip in some respects, not in all, the efforts made to provide for a change both sudden and extensive. This is especially so with our existing schools. With the charity school, it is not so much expansion as improvement that is required. With the grammar school it is both. Improvement in their scope and grasp. A retrospective glance at its grand origin and noble object, “that youths of quick intelligence may be taught to reach higher stations;” of its struggles through inappreciative centuries of neglect;-of its revived and more respectable position early in the present century, when, with a population in Rotherham and Masbrough of 6,000 to 7,000, it had as many scholars as now, with one of over 30,000, should be a sufficient incentive to the “men of might” amongst us to put forth Something like corresponding strength, not only in maintaining institutions bequeathed as Sacred trusts by our wise forefathers; but also in proportionately advancing them both in extent and degree, so as to show themselves the true sons of worthy sires, and that not in vain, England yet “expects every man to do his duty.” OME mention, though meagre, of the proceedings of the Overseers of the Poor may now be given; the following pages show the manner in which their accounts were kept, and how the entries were made, and give the items of which Nº they were composed. They are generally of little interest, | AE- consisting as they do, mainly of warrants of removal, and the hearing of them before Sir John Reresby, of Thrybergh; Mr. Edmunds, of Worsbrough; and Sir Godfrey Copley. For a number of years the overseers in their accounts only gave the gross amount of receipts and dis- bursements. The lists of the names of the overseers, and the amount of the yearly expenditure from 1673 to 1734, is given, and also an early and interesting copy of a rate upon the inhabitants, whose names and residences are thereby preserved. In the few Constables’ Accounts, which follow, a little more variety of detail is observable. THE Accompts of Jonathan Stanyforth Gent, and William Standley, and Joseph Sorsby, and John Broughton, the Overseers for the Poore of the Towne of Rotherham aforesaid for the year last past, tendered and taken the Eight day of May, in the four and twentieth yeare of the reigne of our Soverainge Lord King Charles the Second over England &c. Anno Domini 1672. A. S. d. The said Accomptants receipts wherewith they stand charged are by moneyes received in seaven of the first monthes of the said yeare, at the rate of 4H 5s IOd per mensem as by the assessment booke thereof appeares sº gº 3O OO IO Their discharge is by monthly disbursements, vizt in May, June, July, August, September, October, & November, 1671. In tot. . * 27 O2 O5 Also by Disbursm's as followeth, vizt: For a Warrant against John Tompson for incontinency with Mary Barwicke . te * ſº te º e e tº ſº e . OO OO O8 For charges to Thrybergh to prove it sº e º * * e OO OO O6 For a warrant of removall of Edward Hargreaves to Doncaster . . OO O2 OO For charges to Thrybergh and Worsbrough in proving it OO OI O6 For two warrants for removall of Elizabeth Stephenson & Isabell Royston . * t tº ſº tº º e te º * . OO O4 OO (9t, 21:32 ºr 3 of the 33 our amb (T. ſ. ngtail leg. 4.25 #, S. d. For charges to Thrybergh and Worsbrough in proving them . . OO of O6 For a second warrant for removing ye said Elizabeth Stephenson . OO O2 OO For charges in proving the same tº e e º e & OO of O6 For a horse hire for Wm. Standley & twice going to Worsbrough . OO O2 OO Pd Nicholas Eyre for twice going with ye said Elizabeth to Grimesthorpe OO O4 O4 Charges to Barnsley Sessions when ye sº Jonath: Stainforth attended to p’vent her setling with vs . oo o2 oo Arrears to the amt of 7s, are allowed. These Accomptants charge as aforesaid . te e & * & 3O OO IO Their discharge is by disbursem's as by the p’ticulars appears . . 28 IO O5 And by arrears allowed . º © e º § © º OO of OO Josph Sorsbys & John Broghtons £31 6s. 9d. #28 17 OS Soe there remains in ye Accomptants hands one pound three shillings & five pence, which said summe was paid into the hands of Mr. Mounteney, one of the succeeding Overseers. This Accompt seen and allowed in the presence of FRANCIS MOUNTENEY, WILLM. LANGLEY, CHARLES TOOKER, THOMAS JOHNSON, JOHN MALIM, WILLM. LEE, JOHN CHADWICK, JOHN HENFREY. And divers others then present. The following entry appears: Md. There was also 33 6s 8d one third part of the said hundred pound remaining in the hands of Mrs. Bridget Dickenson, late widow of William Dickenson, late Vicar of Rotherham, for which shee paid yearly interest during her life. But since her death hath been with holden, though several applicacions & demands have been made to Sir Ralp Knight for the same. (There was two years interest due at Lammas, 1671). S. d. I682. The Accomptants charge themselves by money received upon the Assessm' Book for fourteen months at 3i 5s 7d monthly, amountg to 45 18 9 And by money recº from the Greaves for putting out apprentices 5 Other receipts . g & & * & * * © * ſe 9 And by disbursemts sº e ſº e e e g * * 56 I2 II The following are the names of the Overseers of the Poor for the years enumerated, and the amount of their annual disbursements, as nearly as a state of the figures, some- times rather confused, will permit. A. S. d. 1673. Francis Mounteney, Esq., John Paul, William Henfrey, William Lee . . 43 II O 1675. William Stevenson, Joseph Greenwood, Joseph Stons, Hugh Davy . . 64 O 2 1676. William Cooper, Lyonell Watson, John Steel, Richard Hunt . e * . 77 Io 7 1677. John West, Thomas Kent, John Steel, Richard Hunt . tº te e . 8 I O IO 1678. John Mandeville, Gilbert Tomson, Harry Gascoigne, Robert Barnsley . . 7O I4 2 1679. William Broadhead, Richard Milner, Joseph Ray, and Richard Johnson . 87 I3 II 1680. Thomas Shent, William Cutfortha, Peter Dixon, Joseph Platts e gº . 72 O IO 1681. James Malim, Thomas Knowles, Thomas Wharton, John Cundall tº , 69 9 5 1682. Benjamin Rooke, Thomas Wood, Timothie Turner, Jonathan Gee . e . 56 I2 IO 1683. Thomas Turner, James Miles Garnett, John Towars, John Wagstaffe . . 45 I 3 6% 1684. Richard Townend, Thomas Barber, James Ostwithe, John Belke . e . 5o 8 O 1685. Richard Oddy, John Hanile, Thomas Spooner, Robert Bell, o ſº . 61 5 I 1686. Nicholas Carr, Thomas Tyas, John Stones, Francis Thompson gº & . 56 I5 6 1687. John Scroby, John Simpson, Thomas Spooner, William Dawson. wº . 62 6 II 1688. William Lanley, William Tim, Robert Stocks, William Wharton . g . 6O I 6% 1689. William Fell, John Scroby, Jonathan Bentley, Charles Stanyland g . 72 I3 II # 1690. John Clay, John Gascoigne, Jervas Woodhead, Matthew Pashley . e . 62 I5 5% 1691. John Woollen, William Wainwright, John Maxwell, Mr. Foljambe, of Eastwood 73 9 I 1692. Jonathan Williamson, Samuel Cundell, Lyonell Abson, Alexander Beete . 63 O 7% 1693. John Beale, John Clarke, George Purslove, John Wilkings . * ſº . 64 I2 6# 1694. Benjamin Boomer, Matt Cundell, Timothy Morton, George Fretwell gº . 77 4 5 I695. John Winter, John Towers, Thomas Cundell, Thomas Leadbeater . . 7O I8 5% 1696. Robert Cutforthay, Thomas Hunt, George Scaife g e tº º . 76 o I I697. Richard Tompson, Thomas Barker, Thomas Bagshaw. dº o * . 62 4 O 54. 426 $otiſtrijam. # S. d. 1698. Thomas Spabald, Richard Huchinson, Nathan Goodwin, John Jackson . . 76 2 1699. Joseph Sorsby, Nathaniel Schorah, William Brook, John Rawood . . 67 IO I?, 17OO. Thomas Bosvill, James Johnson, Thomas Ledgard, John Tompson. e . 78 IO II 17OI. John Boulton, George Pashley, Gilbert Hammerton, William Carzen . . 82 16 4 1702. David Gass, Daniel Eyre, Samuel Stoney, Thomas Pigott º tº -> . 8 I I6 IO 1703. John Killingas, William Littleforth, Josiah Smile, Joseph Phillips . . 72 5 Io 1704. Thomas Radley, John Taylor, Henry Eyre, Joseph Ludlam . e e . 78 4 O 1705. William Bagshaw, Joseph Barton, Francis Oxley, Thomas Machon . . 89 I8 6 1706. Francis Pheasant, John Walker, Archibald Hall . º o g e . 82 2 IO; 1707. Mr. Beverley, Abraham Hilton, William Steel, Edward Hall * º . 63 I 3 7% 1708. Samuel Vinting, John Best, Richard Oxspring, Thomas Hardy . º . 82 I5 5} 1709. Robert Chadwick, Richard Oddy, Rich. Eyre, George Spenser . e . 8O I 2% I7II. Edward Henfrey, Jon. Jenkinson, Thomas Lambert, John Bradley . . . 69 17 o 1712. M. Parkes, Thomas Hudson, Thomas Whitwell, John Key . e º . 73 IO 8% 1713. Mr. John Lord, Charles Blake, John Welsand, Thomas Garby . . . 70 IQ 6% I7I4. Mr. Stanyer, John Hawksworth, John Thomson, James Best º e . 62 2 6 1715. Mr. Boulton, Jun., Joseph Ludlam, Samuel Parsison, John Pursall . º . 84 II 8 1716. Charles Popplewell, Joseph Denton, Nicholas Robinson, Joseph Greenwood 73 18 4 1717. Nicholas Turner, Godfrey Blith, Joseph Curzin, William Ellam • , , . 7O 4 4. 1718. Robert Stocks, Henry Oddy, Philip Scholey, John Scamadine . . . 67 I4 o', 1719. George Scafe, John Fox, Richard Pugh, George Aldham. • • e . 73 8 9 1720. Thomas Roberts, William Arnold, Joseph Willengall, John Hides . . 79 I5 Io 1721. Richard Wharam, William Smith, Joseph Brown, Jonathan Hudson . . 85 I2 O The overseers' accounts in the old book end here. In a chest in the church, there are a number of loose rate books in coarse brown paper covers, both for overseers’, constables', and churchwardens' rates. The only overseers’ rates are as under: S. d. 1723. A rate of 2d. in the 4 per month amounting to . e {- º º I 2 I 724. 3) 5 y 35 35 3 y . . . . 9 I4 2% I73O. jy 33 , I2 months . - e •. e . 49 8 4 I731. Amount not given. - - I732. A rate of 2d. in the 6 per month amounting to . g * 9 18 II; I734. Jy jy }} 3y Jy º o . IO 2 8% These are all the old accounts or rate books of the overseers of the poor of which there is any knowledge. There is a copy of an assessment book for the overseers of the poor, as follows, and it gives a clear notion of the names, position, and residences of the inhabitants of Rotherham in 1724. It is a monthly rate. A DUPLICATE of an Assessm" made on the Inhabitants of the Town of Rotherham for the releife and subsisstance of the poor of the sº Townshipp for y” year ensueing at two pense in the pound rent this Sixteenth day of May Anno Dom” 1724. [The previous year says 2d. in the pound per month.] - - - £ S. d. 6 s. d. 4, S. d. Wim Bagshaw for ye College Orchard, and Gardens e - 6 O O O I O Mr. Rich" Oddy for Eastwood Farme e © º º II6 O O And twenty-two acres of Land . º © º © º O I6 Jno Tooker, Esq., for his house and the Towne Land, Eyres Land, and Bell Closes . º © e º º º 17 7 o o 2 Io: And for one acre of my Lord's land, lately held by Mr. Darwent, Mr. Wilkinson for Clayton Farme and land late Mr. Darwent’s, O I24 6 O I O 9% fifteen acres of ye Parsonage Land, the privy tythes, Tolls, and Potter's Land, part of Ridding Farm, four acres of land late Darwent’s, and five acres of Mr. Staniforth’s Land o . 6I I2 O O IO 3} Mr. Bourne for his house and land in ye fields, and Snell Barne and - Croft, Brick Croft and Land . e º º º Ig O O O 3 2 HIGH STREET. George Hebden for ye White Horse and half acre land IO O O O I 8 Thomas Hunt for ye house wherein Jnº. Johnson lives 2 IO O O O 5 Mr. Wilkinson for his house e º º 2 O O O O 4 Tenn acres of Mr. Down’s land 4 O O O O 8 Jn° Clarke for his house and croft 4 IO O O O 9 Joseph Marshall for his house I IO O O O 3 Matthew Goodall for his house . I O O O O 2 Nicholas Turner for his house º 3 O O O O 6 Robt. Cundell for his house and land 7 o o O I 2 Mr. Oddy for his house e - 5 O O O O IO Mrs. Foljambe for her house 6 IO O O I I ©berg cers of the 33 g or amb Congtables. 427 Mr. Lord for his house and land Mrs. West for her house Thos. Carr for his house Thos. Littlewood for his house . Jno. Wilson for his house Mr. Peirson for his house © g © Mrs. Cooper for her house and Chappell Grounds . Dan' Eyre for his house © Q. e John Scorah for his house º © Widow Gray for her house º e e Mr. Brown for his house and land Mr. Blythe for his house. DOVEcoATE YARD AND ORCHARD. Mr. Turner for his shoppe © e e o Mr. Ratcliffe for his shoppe . • • º c e Mr. Coppendale for his shopp . tº tº e e e Mr. Wildsmith for his shopp. e º º º Mr. Mandevile for his house º & ſº o e & For his Maltroome in Millgate e e e e • , And for Mr. Roper's house 3. Mr. Bellamy for his house . & Thos. Legard for his house and shop Thos. Shent for his house . º Mr. Bellamy for his house John Pashley for his house . Mr. Wentworth Stable and Shopp Mr. Sorsbie for his house Mrs. Kirgath for her house Mr. Beverley for his house Eighteen acres of Land º e o Four acre Mr. Cowley's and four late Mr. Darwent's Wm. Carr for his house . o o Mrs. Eyre for her house Thos. Machin for his house © ę Gervas Woodhead for his house and land . Mr. Wharam for his house º e e e e º Gilbert Hamerton for his house and land and three roods of Mr. Mande- ville’s land • ... • e o º e John Bradley for his house Wm. Smith for his house e wº Josep" Barton for his house, land and shopp Ten acre of Mr. Wentworth’s Land . & Two acre of Cuzen’s land º o Twenty-two acre of Mr. Aslabie's land and . Tenn acre late Mr. Darwent’s land Wm. Hudson Jun. for his house BEAST MARKET. Thos. Hunt for his house and for ye Barn and Stable Mr. Wentworth's George Boothe of Brookhouse for his house Q e te Wm. Hall for his house . º º e º Bettey Peard for her house . © º º e John Cawthorne for his house . º º e Charles Popplewell for his house John Burnley for one acre of Land Bartho' Jones for his house and land º © e º Two acres and of Mr. Aislabie's land and three acres of Thos. Jarvas land e O Q *… de Godfrey Foster for his house and 6 acre Land Thos. Best for his house . WESTGATE. John Millington for his house o George Birber for his house Robert Cutforthay for his house e º William Parkin for his house . º te e James Foss for his house Ruth Stones for her house Joseph Greenwood for his house Robº Glegg for his house . º º ge º º Mr. Aislabie for his house, Radley room and Greenwood Stables . James Crosland for his house . & i.e. fe Thomas Radley for his house and Land John Fretwell for his house º Thomas Hall for his house © Joseph Bottemley for his house . e º o Jn° Scamadine House and land I acre land and Shopp Mr. Wilson for his house º º o º Mr. Braithwaite for his house Thos. Cutlar for his house º e tº º º º Philip Scholey for his house and Mr. Cowley's land, four acres of Mr. Stanyforth's, and part of Ridding Farm e e e Sam' Parsonson for house and land and quarry. Francis White for his land and quarry :6 S. I I I I º: º i I I ; I I I :I -II I I . ; I I . i i . : 23 O O 22 O O 27 6 o 6 I2 o : O.:: º : : O I : I : : d. I I ; : # 6 # 2% I :i I ;: ; 428 330th crijam. John Potter for his house & Lyonell Abson for his house . e © Rich" Eyre for his house and hamper yard Wm. Arnold for his house and Road's Croft James Johnson for his house . e tº fº Rich" Pugh for his house & ſº {} & e Wm. Hall for his house . * John Hawksworth for his house Abraham Arnold for his house and shop te e Wm. Eastwood house and three acre and three rood land . Thomas Robarts for his house e Dan' Spencer Barton for his house and shop Ambrose Wild for his house * Sam Lumley for his house Wm. Murfin for his house g Rob” Howgill for his house and croft Thos. Pygate for his house John Wild for his house tº John Henfrey for his house e e e Wm. Henfrey for four acres of Gills' land . te Charles Staniland for his house and Mechroomers two acres Of land, croft and close & g Thos. Wright for his house .. tº. Mr. Langley for Thos. Schorah’s house Widow Medlam for her house . Mr. Chadwick for his house Ig acres land John Collingham for his house Thos Paley for his house . Jas Hattersley for his house Mr. Bothomley for his house wº e ge g Rich" Oddy Sen” for his house and I acre Mr. Staniforth's land Henry Oddy for his house ſe g * e o MARKET STEAD. Godfrey Blythe for his house and Shopp in the Shambles . Jeremiah Lister for his house . tº & © Wm. Brook for his house John Bent for his house . John Rawood for his house Wm. Pymm e © Thos Rawson for his shop Mrs. Moore for her house * John Hydes for his house . e * Thos Scholey house and shopp in the Shambles Mr. Down's house and Sheepp Walk Close . Twenty-eight acres of Land, late Winter's Farm Ralp Bennett house and Carcroft Robt. Kent for his Shopp John Killingar Shopp empty . John Kirk for his shopp . tº Joseph Nightingale for his house Mrs. Kent for her house . ſº & Vincent Harvie for his house and Shopp Josph Ludlam for his house e John Cundell for his Shopp . ſº tº Mr. Burton for house and shopp late Shent's Mrs. Lanley for her house . tº * George Oldham for his house and land . George Skafe for his house, land, and Shopp John Kaye for his house and 2 acres land Six acres late Stock's land and Nine acres Mr. Aislabie . CHURCH LANE. George Fields for his house . tº tº Sam! Vintin for his house and land . e Mr. Hirst for Jno. Firth house and one acre land Mr. Beverley for his house in Millgate . Mr. Hutchinson for his house tº e g tº Thos. Jarvas for his house and three acres Mr. Cowley’s land. MILLGATE. Thos. Jarvas for house and three acres land The Great Tythes tº Q º ſº Four acres of my Lord's, and one acre Cutlar's land Three acres Mr. Stanyforth's e tº Two acres late Mr. Boulton's, and Dove Coat Yard and Croft And three acres land late Jones' . Wm. Smith for his house Robt. Wood for his house Widow Pheasant for her house . Thomas Bradley for his house John Higgins for his house te Wm. Eyre for his house and shopp . I I : : I : I iI 4 I i I I : III ii III ii I i : : :6 d 26 g o | “. . . 55 g O : : i : i : : I4. i : d. 1: 3 4. I º2: ! I I: # I 8: .## I i i @ merge Erg of the 33 ſ or ant (T. ſing table 3. 429 BRIGGATE. Widow Wilkin e John Ashley for his house William Wainwright house Wm. Corker for his house Francis Oxley for his house John Cundell for his house Gilbert Hamerton for his house . Geo. Barmby for his house Mr. Edmund Haigh for his house Two acres of Steele's land e © • Seven acres of Gill’s and Ponzonby’s, late Pashley's . º e Six acres, late Mr. Darwent’s, and four, late Mr. Boulton's Russell Croft e e © º o © © John Thompson for his house Wm. Smith for his house . Thos. Robert for his house Widow Spenser for her house e Edward Clarke for his house and shopp Mr. Binks for his house º º Archibald Hall for his house o - George Smith for house and maltroomes . * John Fox for house º tº Geo. Fewtrell for his house and Land Nicholas Robinson for his house e Josp" Mayor for his house and Bakehouse JESUS GATE. John Corker for his house Thos Lambert for his house . Widow Corber for her house Wm. Downs for his house • Thos Whitwell for his house e ſº MattW Pashley for his house 26 acre 3 Rood Land . Samuel Cundell for his house ſº y Mr. Oddy for Mr. Tomlinson's house Thomas Sayles for his house James Best for his house Thomas Stevenson for his house Mr. Wordsworth for his house e º $ e Lawrance Thompson for his house and Shopp 'ith Shambles . Eleven acres of Mr. Wentworth's land º e e Wm. Pashley for his house Edward Pinder for his house . DONCASTER GATE HEAD. John Slack for his house and Land Richard Hammerton for his house . e e Robert Hammerton, Barne and 3 Rood Land . º e Four acres and 3 of Mr. Staniforth's and I acre Mr. Moore's Land John Taylor for his house Robert Blankley for his house John Blankley for his house Joseph Denton for his house . Jno. Wild for his house c tº e Four acres of Land late Sorbie's 2% of Tagg's Five acres and # of Mr. Down's land WELLGATE. Thomas Gilbert for his house Thomas Clayton for his house Francis Richardson for II acres land Robert Needham for his house John Oldale for his house Mr. Mercator for his house Robert Howitt for his house . Thos. Renshaw for his house . John Button for his house and land . Jonathan Hudson for his house . Edward Jenkinson for his house Rich" Lovedge for his house . ſº Samuel Vintin for Thos. Maxfield’s house Part of Ridding Farme . º Three acres of land and the Mill William Howard for his house Phillip Heppingstall for his house Jno. Kay for his house . & George Pashley for his house Mr. John Pashley º Mr. Ratcliffe for part of Ridding Farm § John Armitage for his house e #9 I4 24 #, I I I I : : I5 S I I : :º I . IO I I I IO IO IO IO IO IO I2 I i . i A. S. d 28 4 O } I4 O O } 9 O O } 6 8 O 6 I6 O | * * O O:#, . :O: : O i i :S. 4 : : : : I I . 8%:d. I : ::: : : : : # 3 i 43O 330th crijam. To complete this record from old assessment books there is one for window money for 1731, old and new duty amounting to:—New duty, £3; old duty, £16 14s.—ſ I 9 I4.J.; but, adding at the end “the whole year £38 183.,” and “An assessment made by us whose names are hereunto subscribed the 22nd day of April, I772, at the rate of Three Shillings in the Pound upon all the Inhabitants, Owners, and Occupiers of Lands, Tenem's, Hereditaments, and Personal Estate whatsoever in the Township of Rotherham by virtue of the Land Tax Act for the service of the year 1772, which gives a total of 4 II.4 3s. - GEORGE PREST, Assessors his JOHN × JACKSON. mark Collectors; º * Confirmed by us— J. FOUNTAYNE, C. S. DUNCOMBE, M. CUTTS. This seems to be a respectable close to this catalogue of somewhat considerable claims. QBinutes of Øbergeergſjip of the 39001: from 1777. It will have been already seen to how great an extent the Feoffees of the Common Lands, undertook and carefully fulfilled duties of every kind, connected with every department of the official management of the town as pertaining to the Poor, the Constable, the Highway, and the Church, for all the early period of the history of the town. Churchwardens and overseers begin to take their appropriate place in the records about 1670, and Overseers of Highways and Constables follow. The Charter of the Feoffees dates from 1583, but there had been persons acting in that capacity before the Grant of Lands by Queen Elizabeth, which bears that date, had invested them with the dignity, and devolved upon them the onerous duties they forthwith diligently fulfilled. The following is an abstract from the Minute Book of the Overseers of the Poor, when in that capacity, they met together at the appointed place, and at the appointed times, to dispose of the by no means pleasant business of relieving and regulating the abject pauper population of that period. A much wider distinction then existed betwixt this class, and the middle and higher classes, than at the present time; it may be said lamentably so. At a Meeting of the Churchwardens and Overseers of the poor for the Township of Rotherham, and of the principal Inhabitants and Freeholders paying Assessments, in public Vestry assembled, in pursuance of notice for that purpose, this 5th day of March, 1777: It is agreed and ordered that the Government of the poor, belonging to the Township of Rotherham, shall be vested in the Churchwardens and Overseers of the poor for the time being, with twelve of the principal Inhabitants of the said Township, or principal Freeholders, although not Inhabitants, paying assessments within the same, to be chosen as hereafter directed Ordered, that Thomas, Earl of Effingham, Mr. Ralph Tunnecliff, Mr. John Cutforthay, Mr. John Kay, Mr. Robert Wilson, Mr. Jos. Johnson, Sam! Tooker, Esq., Mr. Sam! Hallows Hamer, Mr. John Foljambe, Mr. Jacob Boomer, the Revd Jno. Wheatley, and Mr. Benjn Wainwright be the first Trustees. Ordered, that on Easter Tuesday, in the year 1778, six new Trustees shall be elected and vacancies filled up, six Trustees to go out by lot, and in future such Trustees as have served the longest to resign their trust. Five to make a committee, and to meet at the Workhouse on Friday next, and adjourn from time to time, and to form rules and regulations for managing the Workhouse and the poor, to be laid before the vestry for their approbation. @berg terg of the 43 0 or amb (ſong table 3. 43 I Ordered and agreed, that no Churchwardens or Overseers of the poor shall relieve any of the poor therein with public money out of the Workhouse after Friday next, without the approbation of the said Committee, except on Sudden and emergent occasions, and that only to the time of the meeting of the next Committee, and that they do report the same to such next Committee on pain of not being allowed in their accounts such money as shall be advanced on these occasions. And no such payments to be repeated unless ordered by the Committee to be continued. - - - - EFFINGHAM, RD. TUNNECLIFFE, and twenty-six others. SAML. TOOKER, - At a meeting of the Churchwardens and Overseers of the poor, &c., &c., assembled this Ist day of April, 1777, being Easter Tuesday. - It is ordered that the following Rules for the better Governing and Managing the poor and Workhouse, within the Township of Rotherham, shall be strictly pursued and put in Force. The Churchwardens and Overseers once in every year to take an account of poor persons who have not gained a settlement, make a list of their names, number of families, occupations, how long resident, places of settlement, receive certificates of settlement of inmates, and deliver the same to the Committee at their next meeting. That no certificate be granted but by order of the Committee. No person to be admitted into the House except on emergent occasions without authority of the Committee, and until their next meeting. - Weekly returns to be made by the master of persons admitted or discharged, or persons leaving without consent. No Inmate to go out without leave. Churchwardens and Overseers to take an Account of Goods and Effects that come into the House. All assessments, Books and papers to be kept in a Chest in the Workhouse—the Master to be entitled to the fee for the same being inspected or copied. Persons receiving weekly pay not to beg Alms. Persons neglecting to come into the house for the space of four days be allowed no pay, nor afterwards admitted without order of Committee. Prayers to be read every evening in the Public Room. Persons to behave decently under pain of losing the next meal. - Master to keep a daily account of each person's work and wages. - Churchwardens and Overseers to make a return at Easter of such Inhabitants as are prepared to have poor Apprentices put out to them. To enquire after all unmarried women suspected to be with Child: application be made to two Justices to remove them to their settlement. One month after any woman shall be delivered of a Bastard Child, and likely to become chargeable, to appear before the Justices of the peace to make an affiliation, and proceeded against. - Committee at their first meeting every year to choose a Treasurer. The Master of the Workhouse or such other person as is appointed, to collect the Assessments and pay the money every day to the Treasurer. The Committee as soon as possible to review the Assessment Book. Deputation appointed to complain of Collectors of Land Tax named for 1774 and 1775 not paying the money in their hands to the next Collectors. EFFINGHAM, and I 5 others. The above shows the business-like mode in which this then very important public matter was disposed of just 1oo years ago, and apparently the new start which was being taken in the systematic management of the poor of the township, by a number of very able leading inhabitants of the town and by the lord of the manor, who at this period seemed to identify himself with every institution affecting the interest of the place. I777. March. The Committee meeting at the workhouse. As there was no service last Sunday, the Collectors of the Land Tax could not give Notice of passing their accounts, ordered that they will give such notice next Sunday, or the first Sunday on which there is service. 4. How was this? The Rev. John Lloyd was then vicar, and as it appears, was so from 1734 to 1794. The book contains entries almost week by week of the cases which came before the committee, and the manner in which they are dealt with. 432 330th crijam. 1778. At a Vestry Meeting, 21st April, 1778. Resolved that the Feoffees of Rotherham, for the time being, be always of the Committee for the conducting and managing the poor of Rotherham. June 4. Ordered that all persons to whom out-pensions are allowed, shall wear badges on their outer garment * * * * on pain of their pension being taken off. June 18. Ordered that the Overseers do provide 6 Dozen Brass badges.a July 23. That Widow Parken refusing to wear the badge, her weekly pay be discontinued. This Britoness deserves commemoration. 1784. Sept. IO. Ordered, that an Advertisement be inserted in the Sheffield and York papers, for Some person to Contract for the maintenance of the paupers as touching this Township. - 1786. May II. That it is the opinion of this meeting that the poor people in the House be in future kept at a weekly allowance per head for meat, cloathing, and other necessarys, belonging housekeeping, except furniture. - May 25. Resolved that a well be immediately sunk in some convenient place near the Workhouse, and pump provided. Agreeably to an Order made the 12th inst., that the maintenance of the poor people in the Workhouse, should be in future kept at a weekly allowance per head for meat and cloaths. Nathaniel Sheard, of Wakefield, having offered himself as a candidate, and having proposed to maintain the poor in food and cloaths at 2s. 4d. per head, and to find every necessary in the House except furniture, the people to be properly cloathed, and to give up the whole of his time in the service of the Town, as well in the management of the poor, as in surveying the highways, and being allowed Forty pounds per annum, and having the benefit arising from the labour of such of the poor people as are able to work. His proposals having been considered, are accepted of. And we hereby appoint the said Nathaniel Sheard, Master of the Work House, to manage the same agreeable to such proposal, but subject to such regulations from time to time as the Committee shall think proper, the said Mr. Nathaniel Sheard entering into a proper agreement with the Churchwardens and Overseers of the poor for the due performance of the Trust. That William Heartley [suppose the master] be allowed for a fortnight's lodging and his Salary to the end of the year, on quitting the house in a fortnight. In the present day, the preceding order as to the wearing of brass badges by the out- door pauper, and the unfeeling regulation for farming out the maintenance and labour of pauper inmates, seems a revolting outrage on common decency and on common honesty. To the master of the workhouse, who has to be benefitted by the wages earned by the pauper, is committed the absolute power of deciding whether he or she be able to work or not, and under whatever grievous but silent suffering, the task inflicted has to be performed without mitigation or remorse. And yet one of the kindest of men, Mr. Tooker, presided at the meeting, and Mr. Joshua Walker, the prosperous ironmaster, and other highly respectable residents are responsible for this inhuman wrong. The pauper poor of that period were not treated as fellow-men or women. 1787. May 17. Ordered, that Mr. Sheard have 2s. 6d. per head and £36 a year, and that the 2d. extra be allowed him for the past year. June 7. Wee do hereby give Notice that in consequence of a requisition wee do intend to exert our Authority in takeing up all profane and disorderly persons and have them punished according to Law. In particular all persons that may be found drinking or in Liquor, shall be put in the Stocks. And wee do desire the Barbers will desist from Hair-dressing during the time of Divine Service, and not shave any person whatever on any part of the Sabbath day. And all Shopkeepers and Tradesmen are requested to desist buying and Selling. And all Drovers from driving cattle on that day on pain of incurring the penalty they are liable to for such conduct. Nov. 22. Mr. Sheard gives Notice of resigning on the Ist January. * However properly repugnant to the better feeling of the lives. Neglect or refusal to wear the badge may be present day, this order was strictly within the pale of the punished by stopping the relief, or by imprisonment for law at that time. By the 8th and 9th William III., it was twenty-one days with hard labour and whipping.” The provided, “That on and after Sept. I, 1697, every person portion of the Act having reference to the wearing badges receiving parish relief shall wear upon the right shoulder of the outer garment a badge, cut either in red or blue cloth, consisting of a large roman P., together with the first letter of the name of the place where the person was repealed in 1810, by 50 Geo. III., cap. 52. “The good old times” had a strong taint of the coarse and the cruel in its regard for all animal life, inclusive of paupers. @berg gerg of the 33 0 or amb ( 0 mg table 3. 433 And it is ordered that a Notice be given that a proper person will be wanted to succeed Mr. Sheard &c. - & g . Mr. Josph Padley of Rotherham is appointed Master of the Workhouse on the same terms and under the same Agreement as Mr. Sheard. 1788. May 15. Also it is the opinion of this Meeting that no Pauper shall receive any relief in future who keeps a Dog or Fighting Cock. - 1799. Jan. I 3. Whereas the Overseers of the Poor are out of Pocket £130, and therefore they the said Overseers have power from this Meeting to borrow £300, the interest for the same to be paid by the Township until the £300 can be repaid out of the first Assessment. The duties of the overseers and committee seem during this period to have been discharged with very minute care and exactness, they adjusting the extra 6d. in relief put on or taken off, or withdrawn week by week. The principal portion of the relief was given in kind, under special circumstances, as that of a shift, or flannel for a shift, or linsey wolsey for a gown, or linen for a bedgown, or blue apron, or blue linen for children's brats, or a pair of shoes soleing. 1800. Feby 14. In consequence of the high price of Flour, Mr. Padley have 7 guineas given him as a compensation for finding the House. July 8. A meeting is held, Josha Walker, Esq., in the Chair, for the purpose of appointing a successor to the late Mr. Padley. - - - Mrs. Padley is requested to continue the care of the Workhouse as she has lately done. Ordered that in Consequence of the dearness of provisions during some time past, Mrs. Padley shall receive a compensation of £30, &c. July 17. At a Public Meeting, Mrs. Padley's appointment as Governess of the Workhouse of the Workhouse is confirmed at £20 a year, and an allowance of 33. weekly for each Pauper in the House. - An Officer at £25 a year appointed to attend the officers on their collections of the rates. John Woofinden appointed. - The lists of paupers now relieved are more than doubled. 18OI. July 14. At a public meeting, ordered that considering the state of the Cottages and Small Tenements rated under 40s, the owners be applied to, to know if they are willing to pay half-rates, &c. t Aug. 5. At a public meeting, Mrs. Padley is allowed a compensation of £90, in con- sequence of the dearness of provisions, &c. And wishing to relinquish her situation, advertisements to be inserted in the Leeds, Doncaster, and Sheffield papers for a Governor to the Work House. Sept. 2. At a public meeting, the names of seven candidates and their sureties are read over, and the choice fell upon B. Crofts, Sheffield, at an adjourned meeting held 23rd September, Mr. Crofts being the only Candidate that came forward with proper Bondsmen. The duties of the governor were to consist of making up the parish books, to regulate, maintain, and provide for all the paupers, including a long list of other minor matters. His salary was to be £50 per annum, and 3s. 6d. per head for every pauper in the house, the benefit of the work done by them, and also allowances for journeys. Two sureties of A300 each were to be found. - Mr. Benjamin Crofts was a favourable specimen of the better and more polished class of men of that period, “when George the Third was King;” suave in manner, genial in disposition, the polite and pleasant master of the workhouse was an acceptable guest at the hospitable entertainments and jocular evening parties which then largely prevailed—and a saying was quoted of him “that he delighted in social harmony.” He was master of the old workhouse in the Crofts for many years. 1803. Resolved that the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor be appointed a Committee to class the Inhabitants of the Town liable to serve in the Army of Reserve. And to enter into a Subscription to defray the expenses of the Ballotted men and also to indemnify them against any further expence subject to receiving such sums as by law the township is bound to pay. - 1805. Nov. 7. At a Public Meeting, ordered that Mr. Crofts be allowed £21 over and above his weekly allowance on account of dearness of provisions for the years 1804 and 1805. 55 434 330th triyam. 1806. July 17. At a Meeting called for the purpose of considering what support should be given by the Town to the intended Dispensary. - Present—The Earl of Effingham, Dr. Warwick, Messrs. Coupland, Holden, Pitt, Bagshaw, Downes, and Hattersley : Resolved unanimously that the sum of £25 annually be allowed by the Overseers of the poor to the Dispensary. And that the annual sum of £15 shall be allowed to the Medical man who attends the Workhouse as a remuneration for such attendance and for such Cases of Paupers as do not come within the scope of the Dispensary out of the Workhouse including difficult Midwifery Cases. * It being considered that £. IO of the above sum is considered to be for attending the House and the remaining £5 for such extra Cases as the Dispensary does not provide for. The Minute Book ends May, 1807, with long lists of persons who have had parish apprentices, or who paid £10 instead. The “Parish Prentice” was the dreaded retributive punishment of the pernicious system which had refused to treat him or her, as of the human family, and was as a rule hardened and unmanageable. The Rotherham Poor Law Union consists of twenty-seven townships represented by twenty-seven guardians, besides ex-officio guardians. The Board of Guardians were for many years honoured with the presence of the late Earl Fitzwilliam as chairman, whose kindness of manner and soundness of judgment in that capacity are still remembered. The Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard has for many years very diligently and judiciously occupied that onerous position, and it may be confidently stated that the weekly business of the relief of the poor has been conducted with less complaint, either on the part of the ratepayers or of the paupers, than generally falls to the lot of such peculiarly-placed officials. Their attendance has been regular, and in their system of treating every case on its own merits, and not by any hard and fast rule, they have had regard to the dual duty of their appointment, caring for the pocket of the ratepayer and caring for the poor. Whilst duly insisting on reasonable care and economy in the management of the union house, the comfort of the inmates, who are generally aged, is well attended to. And whilst out-door relief is vigilantly watched and properly restricted, decent homes are not unnecessarily broken up by temporary and, in proper cases, permanent out-door relief being harshly refused. The orphan children and those of the pauper inmates are in many respects much better cared for and are more properly trained than are many of those of the poorer classes out of the workhouse. Up to 1837 the workhouse had been in the Crofts, on the north side of the cattle market there, until the Act of 5th and 6th William IV., c. 76, 1834, became law, and the formation of unions took place, in the stead of an administration which the commissioners had reported “as opposed to the letter and spirit of the law, and destructive of the welfare of the community.” Rotherham seems to have been one of the first to accept the advantage offered, and, in 1837, the Board of Guardians, appointed under the new Act, purchased of the Feoffees of the Common Lands a site for the erection of an union poorhouse, of upwards of five acres for £1,000, admirably adapted in all respects for such an important purpose; it was so even to the name,the field being called “Penny less Walk Close.” The contracts for the building of the house amounted to £3,988, to which is to be added the expense of laying out the extensive grounds, and of other extensive additions and improvements. In 1869 land adjoining was purchased, and a hospital for infectious cases erected, at a cost for the hospital building of £1,127 5s. 6d. This establishment may be fairly considered as salubriously situated, and as convenient and comfortable for the purpose required, as most others of the kind, many of the inmates attaining a great age. In the twelve years elapsing between March, 1866, and March, 1878, there have been 600 deaths, out of which number the following ages have been attained: 59 have averaged at death e & tº e 54 years of age. 94. 55 - y J e g e ſº 64 35 IO3 3 y yy . . • e 74 35 5O 55 5 5 e § g tº 85 55 Half the entire number of deaths average about 70 years of age. In 1877 One 92, and one 98. (96 crge crg of the 33 0 or ant (to nºtableš. - 435 Congtaſſicg, There are three of the constables' accounts on loose sheets, found amongst the “obsolete” papers of the feoffees, which in ample detail present another phase of the primitive duties of the public functionaries of that early period. One dated 1608 mainly relates to the apprehension of one Brian Mounser, respecting which it is said, that Andrew Clayton and William Ingle into the hands of the succeeding constables, named Tow peces of stuff called - - - being 8 yeardes in length, valued by the Crowner's Jewri to be worth 24s-and they was delivered for the towne's vse, togeather with one sword and one bag which apertayned to Brian Mounser who slew Richard Relfe, thes 3 former parceles being retained and keptt for saving the towne of Rotherham harmless if the law will so suffer it of all such chardges as come by caring the said Brian Mounser in having him to Yorke Castle as by thes particuler following will appear : . S. d. Imprimis payd to Gen for going for the Crowner & to Robinson's boy for going to Derfield then © e & g ſº g § e . . Payd to Andrew for having Brian Mounser to my lord Darcies & for watching the dead Corpes - 3 Payd 4 mens chardges & Andrew Clayton in the Crowners Company . . I Paid the Crowner's fee . e g * , g & e § & wº To Wm Parkin for going to Yorke 4s. and to Roo to accompany Parkin for caring the said Mounser . ge * • * • • * Payd 4d. for Mounser's delivery into the Castle & for his meate at Rother- ham whilst the Crowner came . e e ſº © e ſº g And for his meate to Yorke & at Yorke afore his going to the Castle. . I I 3 3 The following account, as elucidatory of the peculiar mode of conducting constabulary business, and prosecuting the “hue and cry,” throughout the district, and the conveyance of prisoners to the neighbouring magistrates at that period, is given nearly entire. THE Accompts of Robert Winter and Henry Taylor late Constables of the towne of Rotherham aforesayd of their receiptes and paymentes for, touching, and during their sayd offices, viz., from the thirde day of October, 1610, vntill the thirde daye of October, 16 I I, as hereafter followeth : S. d. Received of Francis Dickenson and Thomas Staniforth, late constables there, which remayned upon their accompt made tº & † e I6 5 Sept. & Oct. I6 II. Received of the inhabitantes of Rotherham afore- Sayd by laye or sessment. g * ë § * © * . I2 I5 I Felons taken and sente to the Gaole from the sayd towne : 16IO. Oct. 31. Robte. Doe, late of Rotherham, for felonious stealing of one silver spoone of the goodes of Nicholas Marsden, was quillt and not found guiltye thereof at the gaole deliverye holden in December, 16IO, so that thereupon his goodes and money which remayned of sending him to the gaole and maynteyning him there was delivered vnto him. - - s, d. Jan. I9. Convicted. Rauf and Thomas Birley, of Preston in Amondernes, taken for the felonious taking and piking of a purse and 26s, of money in the same forth of the pockett of Thomas Burley, of Whiston, and founde of the Sayd felons in money vpon their apprehension 15s. 2d., and Rec for a cloke of the said Rauf which was prized to 4s., 6s. 8%d. . tot. 21 Io; Jan. 26. Quilt at Lent Assizes. Willm Raubye taken for the felonious taking of a spoone of the goodes of Thomas Okes lynen draper and received for one paire of britches one shirt one dagger one girdle and one paire of garters of the goods of the sayd Wm. prized to . ſº cº & February 25 and 28. Quilt at lent assizes. Robt. Richmond late of Ossett taken vpon suspition of felony who confessed the receipte of diurse purses with money therein which were feloniously taken and piked by two women th’one naming herself Ellen Shawe and th'other Anne Hinchliffe and that One Willomett who called himself Hinchclyf vsed their company as the Sayd Robte sayd and found in money of the sayd Robte vpon his apprehension 7s. 9%d, and rec of Edmundes man for a white pee the sayd Robte bought of him 4s. and for a silver ringe 6d. tº tº g . I 2 3% 436 - 330th trijam. S. d. I6II. May 13. Thomas Smith of Apleton for felonious taking of a Cowe which he caused to be killed at Ecclesfeilde and the fleshe solde at Barnesley found in money of him upon his apprehencion . e º . 5 5 Sep. I8. John Renkes late of - - felonious stealing of a meare and thre Steares found in money upon his apprehencion & I4. Sep. II. For carying a warrante to the cunstable of Tinsley which came from the cheif constabl touching bringing in recusantes . º º e 2 Charges about levying and prosecuting the Hue and Cry as followeth. I6IO. Oct. 4. For prosecuting hue & crye to Tinsley after a yonge woman of 30 yeares of age who did steale from Richard Mawger a gowne, a hatte, a petticote and diurse other things o e e º º º Oct. 23. For the like to Whiston after two suspicious persons th’one apparrelled in a gray horseman's cote, dunish boutes, and dunish stuffe britches and dublett and th’other a grey fryse jerkin and olde britches, Suspected to have stolne a blacke bay meare with a white starre in the - foreheade from John Ward of Pontefract . e º e e º e 2 There are some fifteen other charges of a similar character; the description of the persons and of the articles stolen are quaint and curious, but not of sufficient importance to occupy the required space; the pursuit is generally to Whiston, several times to Tynsley. Charges about the Armor of the Sayd towne, setting of the watche and executing the office of Deputye Constable there. P - S. d. I6IO. Oct. IO. Payd to Abraham Graye for the repaire of six Corsletts, varnishing, lethering, and buckling them, four of them being made shorter in the breast, & for varnishing one heade peice. 3O Payd to William Parkin for dressing the polleaxes belonging to the sayd towne for one yeare ended the 3rd day of October 16II . e I6 Payd the sayd William Parkin for his paynes in ledding and settinge the kinges watch ended at Michaelmas I6 II . e º o e e 6 8 Payd him for his care and paynes in executing the office of deputy constable for one year ended the second day of October 16II º I 3 4. Pd him for warding thre dayes and a half Robinson being carlesse thereof, and complayning to the cheif cunstable that the cunstables would not punish rogues, to have had them fined Then follows a long list of moneys “payd to the Cheif cunstables towards repaire of Bridges and towards the provision of his Matyes Household and other things, and to souldiours travelling to and from all parts of the world having testimony in writing to passes,” and also “Towards relieving pore, lame, and distressed persons in their travayle, having passes or licence to travayle.” Of these there are about eighty cases, but which are generally got rid of at the cost of 2d. each. In the case of those who were lame and unable to walk, the carriage supplied seems to have been a barrow. A very large constabulary business seems to have been transacted at little cost, as we have “summa expenses, ſ1 5 2s. I Id. ”; “summa receptorum, AI 5 16s. 9d.” * Then follow several pages of details of very small charges incurred in going before the magistrates with the above felons, and in conveying them to York, &c. d S. º 16II. April 7. Charges in going to Baronett Wentworth with John Bosse accused of felony, with 4.d. to Richard Robinson for whipping him . ... O May 19. For charges to Whiston in prosecuting after John Ralphe having broken forth of the Stockes in the nighte º For a Corde to tye the Cuckstoole for being carryed away with water ;7 Then follow a number of “Charges attending of the Crowner of the men to be of the Jurye after the death of the persons following;” followed by “Charges about administering the Oathe of Allegiance and other Charges in going to the Justices upon Warrants.” S. d. 16Io. December 17 and 20. For charges twise to my lorde Darceyes about the dischardge of men's wyves of the towne for going to Conesburghe to take their othes of allegiance . e & e º e 6 ©terseers of the #gar amt (tangtables. 437 * S. d. For making of severall billes of the names of those that weare to take their othe of allegiance e º º tº e g © & tº 6 For charges at Conesburghe aboute the same with I2d, to my lord Darceyes Clarke for administering the sayd othe to all the sayd townes men there I8 July. For a copye of the order touching suppressing of feastes, helpe ales, . marketts, and disorderly meetinges of the Sabbath day . . . . 4. In addition to the account in great detail of the Constables of Rotherham for 1610 already given, the constables' accounts in the old church account book begin with the year 1673. But although sixty-three years earlier, the amount expended in 1610, £15 16s. 9d., seems to have greatly exceeded 1673, ſ/ 5s. I Id. The next account, is that of Robert Bromley and John Chadwicke Constables of the Town of Rotherham aforesaid for the last year ending at Michaelmas last taken the Eight day of October in the five and twentieth yeare of the Reigne of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles over England &c. Annoy Domini 1673, as followeth : * S. d. The Accomptants receipts wherewith they stand charged are by Moneyes collected by them upon the Constables Lay as by the same appears . I9 18 O6 And their discharge is by money disbursed by coppying warrants, fines, and Cryes and Orders, and sending them away, and by moneyes given to poore travellers, Seamen, and cripples with passes. By moneyes disbursed for punishing rogues and vagabonds and sending them away, and for conveying offenders before the Justices of the Peace, and to ye Gaol and House of Correction. And for Warders at Fayres and other times. And for charges of the privy watch at Fayres. For House of Correction money. Bridge money and acquittances. And for charges at several Inquests before the Coroner, and his fees, and for search for severall persons drowned. For charges for obeying several warrants and orders from the Deputy Lieutenants and Justices of Peace, and about the trayned Bands. For the Deputy Constable's wages, and drawing Assessment Books, and other necessary charges, as by perticulars thereof seene and allowed appeares ye sume of . I7 O5 IO Soe there remaines in these accomptants' hands. ſº & e . O2 I2 8 Which sq sume of £2 12s. 8d. was ordered to be paid into ye hands of Mr. Charles Tooker and Henry Lilly, ye succeeding Constables, and was paid to them accordingly. And these Accomptants as to this accompt are for ever discharged. In the presence of Charles Tooker, Jonathan Staniforth, and Charles Derwent, and divers others, then and there present. A list of the persons appointed to the office of constable, and the amount of the rates yearly collected by them from 1674 to 1774, has been omitted, as comparatively void of interest. And except that several narratives will succeed connecting themselves with the Criminal Chronology of the town, this section of its records will close with an extract from the constables' accounts, showing how Rotherham had to bear its share of the burden inflicted by the enormous taxes required by William in the prosecution of his foreign wars. Memorand. Dec. 23, 1691. That on the day and year above said Rich: Oddye and John Clarke collected for the Towne of Rotherham at the Assessm's to their Maties of two Shillings in the Pound and twelve pence at the Pound in the yeare 1689 P'duced their Accounte and it appeared that they had received upon their Assessm! Bookes I3 Ili 35 3d And paid to their Maies as by Acquittances did appeare I28i and three pounds that were deducted of and from their Assessmt Booke by their Maties Commissioners Soe there remains in these accountants hands three shillings and threepence which is this day paid to John Sorsby & Charles Stanyland Psent Constables of Rotherham towards defraying the Towne's charges. And these Accountants are for ever discharged as to this Amount. * \ (Uriminal (UJrmſ.Inſp. |HIS is a topic seldom without its interest, and it may be, more #| attractive than edifying. The following cases connected with Rotherham are extracted from “Depositions from the Castle of York, relating to offences committed in the northern counties, in the seventeenth century, edited by the Rev. james Raine, in 1861,” and furnish some curious matter elucidatory of the social condition of that period. It is stated that “The Country Sessions at the time of the Commonwealth, were, it will be seen, of more consequence than they are now. The East Riding Sessions were presided over by a Baron of the Exchequer, Sir William Strickland, Knight, who happened to be recorder of Beverley.” In 1682, Sir John Reresby gives an account of the magistrates attending Rotherham Sessions, and names the Duke of Norfolk and four baronets amongst them. The first extract from the “Depositions” is of a curious character. “In 1647, Henry Revell, of Rotherham, Clerk, William Crofts, of Doncaster, Yeoman, and Robert Brown, of Rotherham, Yeoman, were charged with publishing a blasphemous and seditious libel, called the Parliament's Ten Commandments. The libel consists of a most profane and wicked parody on the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the Ten Commandments. Revell was fined £50, and the other two ſloo each.” [One would have thought the parson should have suffered the heaviest penalty.] Feb. 9, 1664–5. “John Burrows, late of Rotherham, Apothecary, (a lunatic homicide), saith he had slain a monster with a bill-hook, and did confess that he began the fray.” He was acquitted at the assizes and set free. June 17, 1679. There is a true bill against Wm. Mandeville, of Rotherham, “for seditious words;” besides several other cases of slight interest. The one which follows was celebrated enough to be noticed by Macaulay, as that of “William Nevison, the great robber, of Yorkshire,” and by Charles II. as “Quick Nick,” and will account for a perhaps somewhat strange introduction here of a remarkable examination which was taken before Sir John Reresby, Bart., in connection with this most remarkable, or perhaps rather notorious character. He has given an unenviable celebrity to this district, and the claims to his birth-place have been as numerous and warmly asserted, as have those of otherwise truly distinguished men. John Nevison, the (£riminal (ſiſtſ, itſ logg. 439 highwayman, is the person to whom it relates, and the extract is from the same “Depositions from the Castle of York,” as are the preceding ones. These, which are in the hands of very few readers in this neighbourhood, seem to possess sufficient interest relating to a wild state of things now passed away, to warrant their introduction here. Elizabeth Burton saith, that she being discontented with friends, went to service in Newarke, where she fell acquainted with Edmund Bracy of the County of Nottingham, John Nevison of the County of York, Thomas Wilbore of the County of Nottingham, Thomas Tankard of the County of Lincolne, John Bromatt, Wm or Robert Everson of noe certaine abode, but commonly at the Talbott in Newarke, all highwaymen, who tabled this informant at an house in Newarke, and maintained her with apparrell, and all other necessaryes, for two years, and as much as since May last. That the said Bracy &c. have committed severall robberyes within the time before mentioned; and hired a roome by the yeare at the Talbot, in Newarke, where they commonly mette after any robbery donne, and divided the spoyle; to which place they did usually send for this ex', and did give her some part of what they gott. The robberyes which this ext did heare them confess they had committed weare as followe. I. One between Grantham and Stamford, done by them (viz.) Nevison, Everson, and Bromett, where they tooke about £300 from a shopkeeper, of which this ext had as much as paid for a quarter's table. 2. One neare to Maultby, in Yorkshire, done by three, Nevison, Bracy, and Tankard, where they took about £2OO from one Malim of Rotherham, when he was going towards Gainsbrough Mart, was a twelve month, whereof they gave this ext:62. - 3. That of Lincolnshire, where they tooke a great booty, but which of them committed the same shee knoweth not. 4. One in Yorkshire committed by Bracy, Nevison, Tankard, and Wilbore, when they tooke above £3OO of which this ext had 9s. to buy her a white petticoate. 5. One between Gainsbrough and Newarke, committed by Nevison, Tankard, & Everson, where they took about £2OO from a Londoner, that had beene at the last mart, as alsoe one Caudle Cup of silver, and a tankard, and two silver bodkins. All which she found in the portmanture, and is now, or was lately, at their roome at the Talbot, marked with the letter T, except the two bodkins, which they gave her, one of which shee lost, but the other shee yet hath. As alsoe 25s. to (buy) her a serge petticoate, and a paire of bodyes. 6. One between Longe Billington & Gunnerly on Witsun Monday last, committed by Bromatt and Bracy, where they took about £30 from a drover, supposed to bee a Yorkshireman. Of this they gave this ext as much as paid for a quarters table, and bought the Waistcoate on her back. 7. One more at Edlington in Yorkshire, committed by Nevison and Bracy, between Martinmas and Christenmas last, when they got about £50. - 8. One near Stilton, in Huntingtonshire, about May last was a twelvemonth, committed by Brommett and Tankard, where they tooke but 4, 5 of which they gave this ext a newe halfe crowne. 9. That near Rotherham, from a Butcher, on Rotherham Fareday was twelve months, committed by Bracy and Nevison, where they tooke £30 and gave this ext 16s. werewith shee bought foure els of holland. IO. One neare Roistone, between Mayday and Lammas last, committed by all the sixe, where they tooke £250, of which this ext had two peeces of goold, as much silver as paid for halfe a yeares table, and 6s. 8d, more to buy her some shifts. - - Shee further saith, that shee thinkes the Master of the Talbot is privy to their carriages, for that shee hath often seene them wisper togeather, as alsoe one Wm. Anwood, the hostler there, shee havinge often seene the saide partyes give him good summs of money, and order him to keepe their horses close, and never to water them but in the night time. Shee further saith, that they doe keepe one other woman at Lyn, in Castle-gate, at the house betweene the signes of the Swan and Crowne. One Hugh Peter lives at one end of the house, and shee at the other. Shee hathe beene maintained by them foure yeares, and had a childe by Bracy, which is deade. Shee further saithe, that she came from Newarke to see some friendes about Sheffield, but was diverted to Rotherham by reason of hideinge herself after the cloathes taken at Mansfield. And that the two men that came to her at Rotherham the Monday before Christmas day last, was Bracy and Tankard. They came to see her, and to charge her to keepe counsell, and gave her two peeces of goold. Canon Raine says, “A most interesting deposition which throws great light upon the proceedings of Nevison, the famous highwayman. A woman, who had been an acomplice, is charged with stealing clothes at Mansfield. She expects her old companions will be able to set her free, but as they failed her, she makes a clear breast, and discloses all the robberies they had committed. * - 44O 330th crijam. “The exploits of Nevison have been made famous by popular tradition, and the ballad literature of the country. The chroniclers of his deeds have told us of his daring, and his charities, for he gave away to the poor much of the money he took away from the rich. We do not hear of his taking a lady out of this coach to dance a minuet with him, but he was renowned for his courtesy, and, like the famous Duval, “‘Taught the wild Arabs of the road To act in a more gentle mode.” “Nevison had a long career of success, but it terminated at last. In 1676 he was tried and condemned for a robbery at York, but was reprieved. He turned to his old courses and was arrested in March, 1683–4 in a public-house near Sandal for a trifling robbery. He was sent to York and was executed in May.” Two verses of the ballad literature, referred to by Canon Raine are as follows:— “Did you ever hear tell of that hero, Bold Nevison, that was his name; He rode about like a bold hero, And with that he gained great fame. He maintained himself like a gentleman, Besides he was good to the poor; He rode about like a bold hero, And he gained himself favours therefore.” Pomfret and Upsall are each named as his birthplace. Hunter says, speaking of Wortley, “it was the birthplace of John Nevison, whose name will be remembered while many better names will be forgotten.” Our own Mr. T. S. B. Eastwood mentions Thorpe; it certainly at one time had a reputation equal to the honour. The family of Nevisons were residents at Wortley, and tradition tells of an aged lady who lived in a very old house there, standing in the middle of the road opposite to the present post office. Dame Nevison was somewhat poor, but a gentleman of the road—her nephew, visited her at times, mounted on a very good horse, with the usual saddle-bags; and the old lady's improved condition afterwards was the common talk of the neighbours." * The Criminal Chronology of this period may be well closed by the mention of another powerful incitement to lawless conduct; for then as now, the ineradicable passion for field sports, and game taking, at all risks, was not under the control of right or reason. 1654. The number of deer parks was at this time considerable. They afforded great temptations that were not always resisted. It must be remembered that native deer were still very numerous in Yorkshire. July 21, 1659. A true bill was found against several persons named for breaking into “the forest of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, called Riveling Forest, on that day, and killing a stag.” 1661. “George Dickinson convicted of stealing a deare out of Sheffield Park.” To be imprisoned. - 1662. April 8. Henry Burley for coursing, hunting, and killing a deare in Tankersley Parke. - * * An old document brings us nearer home. Rother riseth nere vnto Chesterfeild, in Derbyshire, cometh by Stavley Park, Sir Peter Freshwell's house, and supplyes his iron works there. Thence to Eckinton, where he bids Derbyshire farewell, and entereth Yorkshire at Handsworth, a manor and parke of the late Earl of Salop, of red deare, by Cancloowood, replenished likewise with red deere, and falls into Don at Eccles hard by Rotherham. - * * * * The rogue was taken not long after, and hanged at York.” In the year before this, the justices *Sir Gºohn Reresby, in his “Memoirs,” says, “Oct. 23, 1681. That evening I met the King going to council, and desired him that a notorious robber, one Nevison, having broken the gaol at York and escaped, he would be pleased to grant a reward of £20 to those that would apprehend him, by issuing out a proclamation to that purpose. at Rotherham Sessions ordered that Adam Hawksworth, innkeeper at Ringston Hill, should have his sign taken down for having harboured Nevison, the notorious high- wayman. Čtiminal (thronologg. 44 I erecutions at work. In the preceding cases from the “Depositions” we find nothing “worthy of death,” except in that of Nevison. In the following dismal records the solemn toll of the death- knell, and the rumble of the hurdle wheels grate harshly on the ear and appal the heart. Yet it may be placed to the credit of Rotherham that in the “Records of Executions at York,” extending from 1379 to 1867, a period of 488 years, only four persons appear as from Rotherham; and it may be, that only two of them were natives of the place. This is a very small proportion of those who have expiated their offences on the gallows, at York, in comparison with the numbers recorded to have so done from all other districts, both manufacturing and agricultural. The first and most hideous instance occurs more than 300 years since. * - May it not be fairly inferred that the careful attention, which, during the latter period, was paid by the feoffees and other officials of this town, to the establishment and maintenance of schools, and their attention to the after well-being of the scholars, and the other means, as already shown, adopted by them to alleviate extreme cases of want, had much to do with this comparatively satisfactory exemption from this black catalogue of violent and disgraceful deaths. Two of the cases in some of their details, are as remarkable as anything of the kind in this class of record. The incident of the watch in Ledger's case is one of those strange concurrent circumstances, which transcend the deftest conceptions of fiction. Saturday, March 28, 1587. Richard de Aldrich, aged 37 years, a native of Rotherham, with two others, were executed at the Gallows of St. Leonard's Green Dykes, without Walmgate Bar. They were contrite and acknowledged the justice of their sentence. After their execution they were beheaded and quartered; their heads were set up on Walmgate Bar, with their quarters. The excution took place in the presence of not less than 8,000 persons. [And no doubt to their great exhilaration, for such was the usual hardening effect of these coarse and cruel exhibitions.] September 6, 1791. John Minitor, a native of Rotherham, by trade a flax-dresser, was charged upon the oath of Mr. John Whitehead, of Whiston, near Rotherham, farmer, with the suspicion that he did, on the night of the 17th February last, wilfully and maliciously set fire to a certain barn, belonging to the said Mr. John Whitehead, of Whiston, containing a quantity of lime and wood for husbandry, and totally consumed the whole. The jury brought him in guilty, on which he received sentence of death. The next name is that of Spence Broughton, and it is remarked that “ few cases have excited more interest, not only in the neighbourhood where it took place, but throughout the whole kingdom, than the trial of these notorious mail robbers;” and few, it may be added, for so long a period retained it. The gibbet on Attercliffe Common, and the rattling manacles suspended there, told their ghastly tale to generation after generation; but it is to be feared with little good effect, and indeed it is not now of ignominous import, as Broughton Lane Station “takes up the wondrous tale” after the gibbet post ceased to be. The whole account is full of incident and interest other than that derived from its local character, but of this a very brief summary only can be given. Before Mr. Justice Buller, at the Castle of York, March 24, 1792. The charge in the indictment was, that on the night of the 9th February, 1791, the said Broughton, in company with John Oxley, did stop the post-boy, carrying the mail from Sheffield to Rotherham ; did take away the said mail or bags, containing letters, in one of which letters so feloniously taken away was enclosed a French bill of exchange, drawn by a Monsieur Virgelle, a merchant in France, on the house of Minnet and Fector, merchants in London, payable to Mr. Joseph Walker, of Rotherham, for £ 123 sterling, or thereabouts. - The post-boy (George Leasley) proved the taking of the mails on the above-mentioned night, but could not attempt to identify either of them, on account of the darkness of the night. He said that they led his horse some distance from the place where they stopped him ; one tied his hands and fastened him to the hedge, while the other cut away the bag containing the letters, with which they made off. Such is the account of the robbery. The first witness Thomas Shaw deposed to Broughton being in London, enquiring of him if he knew whether Oxley had got cash for a Bill they took out of the Rotherham Mail—told him he had—that Oxley said he had given a man ten guineas to indorse it for him. Broughton * “Criminal Chronology of York Castle.” York, Burdekin, 1867. 56 442 - 330th crijam. Said Oxley was a damned rogue, and gives his account of the robbery—“That they had gone together from London to Derby in the Coach, and walked thence to Chesterfield —slept at the “Three Cranes’ on Friday previous to the robbery; that on Saturday they proceeded to Sheffield, and robbed the mail that night; Oxley stopped the boy and horse—Broughton opened the gate of a field—Oxley tied the boy to a hedge–Broughton took the bag—and they proceeded thence to Mansfield–Broughton fell lame and could go no farther, and stayed there all that day—but Oxley then went by Coach to London.” Broughton added, he heard Oxley was gone to the Cockings at Leicester; that he would follow him, and if he did not give him his share of the money, he would take it from him. The witness was informed by Broughton after his return from Leicester that he had got the greater part of the money. Identified the foreign Bill produced in Court. John Close of Sheffield and London, and Charles Lisk, a porter at the Inner Temple, give corroborative evidence. Two Coachmen proved the carrying of Broughton different stages on the road to Chesterfield. A person proves his being at Mansfield after the robbery. . Mr. Beeston, a feeder of Cocks, proves to their both being at Leicester at the time before mentioned. Mr. James, the post master of Sheffield, proved the sending of the mail bag from Sheffield to Rotherham. Mr. Townend, the Bow-street officer, proved that being at Shaw's house, a rap was heard at the door, that on going to it Broughton was there, and asked if Shaw was at home; being answered in the affirmative, and desired to walk in, on his perceiving the officers of justice, he instantly fled : he proved his being taken, and at his house, on a search, a great number of the bills taken from the Cambridge mail were found, and produced in Court, to the amount it was said of £3,000. Against this very strongly-connected chain of evidence the prisoner had little or nothing to offer. - The Jury immediately brought in a verdict “Guilty.” One passage of the solemn address of the judge to the prisoner on passing sentence, was for more than one generation repeated as something very awful, whenever this topic was discussed. “That, in order to deter others from offending in the like manner it was necessary that his punishment should not cease at the place of execution; that his body should be afterwards suspended betwixt heaven and earth, as unworthy of either, to be buffeted about by the winds and storms.” The unfortunate prisoner distinguished himself by a very calm, firm, and manly demeanour, and though much affected while the sentence was passing on him, he bowed to it with a degree of fortitude and resignation which evinced his sincere intention of manifesting a true repentance. His fortitude never forsook him. When getting into the cart which was to convey him to the place of execution, he said, “This is the happiest day I have experienced for some time.” He prayed very much. When the prayers were concluded, he, without any tremor, or change of countenance, took off his neckcloth, and carefully fixed the noose of the rope under his ear. With the cap over his face, he again prayed, and with his last breath he said that he was a murdered man. He had told the clergyman who attended him after his trial, that he did not rob the mail; that he believed he was at Nottingham at the time; but that he knew of the robbery. He would rather die than give information of his accomplices, and freely forgave all. George Drabble, who kept the sign of “The Arrow,” about half way between Carbrook Hall and Attercliffe, gives a vivid account of the circumstances attending the arrival of the body, and its suspension. The common was like a fair. After the suspension was completed, a good breakfast was prepared for the four men, at “The Arrow,” who had brought the body. The gibbet post, (which was the last one put up in Yorkshire), with the irons, the skull, and a few other bones, was standing as late as 1827 or 1828, when it was taken down. The rush of business made Drabble, as he never afterwards looked behind him. He said, when the gibbet had been up about a month, a respectable middle-aged female called at his house, and sat at the window a considerable time appearing to be greatly distressed. This was Supposed to have been Broughton's widow. He was married to her when she was about twenty years of age, and possessed a handsome fortune. They lived at Martin, between Lincoln and Gainsbrough, in good style, he as an extensive farmer and grazier, until he formed a connection with a female, on which Mrs. Broughton, seeing nothing but ruin before her, resolved upon a separation; but not until he had squandered away £15,000. They had two boys and a girl who were living at the time of his ignominious end. After the separation he became the companion of gamblers and sharpers. R. act of cruelty attended any of his robberies. George Leasley deposed that his horse was led into the field, and he had to get off; that a handerchief was tied Over his eyes, and he to a hedge; that in about an hour's time he freed himself and found his horse tied to a gate, but the Rotherham bag was gone. Broughton seems to have been one formed to take a leading position in the rank of the yeomanry of the county in which he commenced life under peculiarly favourable circumstances. With a fine person, some culture, and first-rate business capacity, a loose (Criminal (ſh run ſlogg. - 443 connexion was the cause of the breaking up of a happy home, destroying enviable prospects in life, and, in the end, dragging him, as he himself says, “into the company of the lewd and profligate,” and in his “being hung on high, a sad and dismal warning to after time.” There are few compositions in the English language more pathetic and more deeply affecting than his farewell letter to his wife, written on the night before his execution. All the fearful consequences of his fall from home affections, and from the happy auspices of his early life, and the desolation and degradation he had brought down upon himself and upon his innocent wife and family, not to end with his awful death, find expression in a gush of deepest remorse, and profoundest contrition. It may perhaps very much enhance the interest, and look almost like a monopoly of distinction, to state with regard to the field into which Leasley was taken, that the hedge to which he was tied, is described as having been one of those which now bound the already sufficiently celebrated Templeborough explorations. Notwithstanding the already excessive space this case has occupied, which can only be tolerated from its having been the only one of such peculiar character pertaining to the neighbourhood, the question may be asked— what became of Oxley, the confederate in the robbery It is stated that he was born at Wentworth, and that when a boy, he was employed at the stables at Wentworth House, and that for some time he carried the letter bag to Rotherham and back. At the time when Broughton, he, and others as accomplices, were apprehended in London, Oxley was committed to Clerkenwell. It was at the time a mystery as to the manner of his escape from thence. But he did escape, and seems to have manifested the utmost temerity in walking the streets at seven in the evening; at eleven, a coach stopped at a house in Norris Street, in the Haymarket, where a hazard table was kept; the man of the house on coming to the coach door, received the salutation of his former customer, Oxley, and warned him to depart. He next paid a visit to a favourite station, the “One Tun,” where he met with some friends, who gave him similar advice, and he was no more heard of, until there appeared in the Newark Herald, of Wednesday, January 30, 1793, the following, copied from the Sheffield papers:–“ On Friday was found dead of hunger and cold, in a barn on Loxley Moor, above Sheffield, a man who had been wandering about in the evenings, but had concealed himself in the day time.” No particulars are given; but a person residing at Darnall, who was well acquainted with Oxley, declared it was he, as he had seen him some weeks before. Oxley told him that he had been across the common to look at Broughton, that he had appealed to his friends at Rotherham for assistance to leave the country, which was refused. Verily “the way of transgressors is hard.” Saturday, April 7, 1798. Ledger and Hollingworth, the former a labourer, and the latter a shoemaker, both of Rotherham, had been long the terror of the neighbourhood, particularly to persons attending market leaving after dark for the country. They had robbed at different times, in the neighbourhood of Rotherham, Mr. Wm. Wing, of Kimberworth Park; Mr. Spurr of the Ewes ; Mr. Matcham of Ravenfield; Mr. Hinchliffe of Rotherham ; Mr. Wood of the Haugh; Mr. Whitehead of Whiston; Mr. Wildsmith of Ravenfield; and Mr. Parker of Brinsworth. - - Hollingworth confessed to these different robberies, also to breaking into the shop of William Thompson, shoemaker, of Tinsley, and taking thereout a quantity of hide and calf leather. It is most singular that these two men were never seen together in the day time. That two men—one a stout tall man, and the other a broad-set man, were well known as being the parties who committed the robberies, and it was also believed they were Rotherham men. This game they carried on for several years, without being in the slightest degree suspected; for Ledger, the lesser, was a great cockfighter. He kept a shoemaker's shop at the bottom of the (old) shambles, and was always at work at an early hour in the morning. The other, also, was at no time seen idling, or slinking about, and was never known to be in Ledger's shop. The authorities were totally at fault. That which led to their capture was the stopping of William Nicholson, a carrier, on Thorp Common, near the Red House, at the dead hour of the night. This man made a stout resistance, being a powerful fellow, and good game. He and his dog held them at bay a considerable time, and a most terrible and bloody fight took place, after which the robbers deemed it prudent to retire. In the scuffle, Hollingworth's hat fell off, as did also Nicholson's, and each got the other's hat. Nicholson called them up at the Red House, and presented a woeful appearance, being covered with blood and dirt. He then discovered he had changed hats with one of the robbers, and early the next morning it was handed over to the 444 330th crijam. authorities. The hatter, whose name was in the hat, recollected selling it to Hollingworth, and On its being shown to Hollingworth's wife, she at once said it was her husband's. He was arrested at his work the same day, and thinking to save himself, he impeached his companion. When the Constables went to arrest Ledger, who was hard at work in his shop, he was talking to several people on the all-engrossing subject of the robbery, which had spread like wild fire first thing in the morning. When the Constables entered, Ledger declared that he did not know such a man as Hollingworth, that he was in bed at the time of the robbery, and by his firmness seemed to create doubts in the minds of the authorities, as to whether he was really the right man. However both were committed to the assizes, and but for a fresh piece of evidence which seemed accidentally to arise, it was believed that Hollingworth's evidence would not have hung him. - Mr. William Wing, some years before, was robbed of his money and his watch. This watch was sold by Ledger Some time after to a recruiting serjeant, who was about to leave the town. The Serjeant, happening to return to Rotherham at the time when the chief topic of conversation was the enumeration of the robberies as confessed to by Hollingworth, and Mr. Wing's watch being frequently named, it struck the soldier that on his leaving Rotherham several years ago, he purchased a watch from Ledger, which he then had upon him. On this being made known, Mr. Wing's watchmaker desired to see the watch, and said, if it was the one stolen, it would have in it a wheel of a certain description, differing somewhat from the rest of the works. This being found to be so, corroborated Hollingworth's statement, and both received sentence of death. After condemnation it was found necessary to keep them in separate cells, for Ledger became so furious, bordering almost on madness, declaring he would murder Hollingworth, and had to be pinioned on their way to the gallows, as a precaution. Hollingworth, was a native of ramley, at which place his widow lived many years and kept a small school. Ledger's mother kept a small School near the Tithe Barn, in the narrow twitchell at Rotherham. There is but another of this short, but dark and dismal catalogue. & March 30, 1833. Ebenezer Wright was convicted, on the evidence of his accomplice, for burning a stack of hay, the property of Mr. Oxley, who had conducted a prosecution against him for an assault. He is stated to have been the most callous and hardened criminal that suffered. He had always bragged he would not die in his shoes, and kicked them off whilst the executioner was putting the rope round another man's neck. jrm “$ir juſm litresſip's ſºlemnirs.” Passing from the dismal subject of “Criminal Chronology,” one of a different, but still strongly marked character presents itself. Sir John Reresby for a number of years occupied high offices in the county, and had great influence in the councils of the kingdom. Locally, he was perhaps the ablest, and most active magistrate of the district, and yet lived and acted judicially, and as a popular and hospitable country gentlemen, when untoward, and even outrageous, occurrences seem to have taken place almost as matters of course, in the higher ranks of society. These “Memoirs” give sad instances of this kind. The first is as follows; Sir Thomas Reresby having two years before had a serious quarrel about some land, at Hooton, with Sir William Wentworth (the father of the Earl of Strafford,) which led to an unaccepted challenge:– - Two years after, on the 8th of October, 41 Elizabeth, they both meeting on the bench at Rotherham Sessions, there happened a dispute concerning the return of juries and Concerning the escape of a person out of the stocks, whether negligent or voluntary, between the two knights, which at the last flew so high that Sir Thomas told Sir William, “In thy teeth, thou art a rascal, a villain, and darest not draw a sword. I sent thee a challenge before this which thou durst not accept;” to which Sir William replying that he said untruly, herein Sir Thomas Smote him on the face with his hand, and after pulled him so hard by the ears that he made them bleed; the servants, then espousing their masters' quarrel, drew their daggers, insomuch that the rest of the justices had made much ado to keep the peace in the court, and to hinder Sir Thomas following Sir William when he went to his inn. However, Sir Thomas waylaid him in a street a “ The Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, Bart., M.P. for York, &c., written by himself.” Edited from the original manuscript by %ames }. Cartwright, M.A., 1875. $ir 3, Gijn 33 crest g’; ſū em dirg. 445 where he used to pass homewards, but Sir William not going that way Sir Thomas returned to the bench. For this Sir Thomas was fined £1,000 in the Star Chamber; but not having paid it all till King James came into England, he obtained the King's general pardon under the great Seal, which released the remainder. - This account seems to have been found amongst the papers of George, the great Earl of Shrewsbury, one of his friends. The evidence of Richard Wortley, of Wortley, amongst the Star Chamber Proceedings, 42 Elizabeth, gives a much more modified account of the transaction. Sir George, son and heir of Sir Thomas Reresby (christened after George, Earl of Shrewsbury), at about eighteen years of age married Elizabeth, second daughter of John Tamworth, squire of the body to Queen Elizabeth. He was knighted in 1614, and had Brinsford and Ickles settled upon him, and lived at the Ickles during most part of the time that his father lived. He was “remarkable for being expensive in clothes and in his journeys, but a great manager at home.” As to his person, he was tall and handsome. “His diversion was sometimes hawks; but his chiefest was his breed of horses, in which he was very exact, but his breed was not of that reputation to get any profit thereby, and the keeping of much ground in his hands, both at Thrybergh and Ickles" for the running of his horses, which he might have let at good rates, made it the more expensive.” He died about the age of forty-three. His widow lived at the Ickles, which was her jointure, many years. She is described as a “very comely woman for her age, tall and straight, of quick apprehension and of a good judgment, but much led and persuaded by her confessor and priest.” On her grandson, Sir John, going on his travels, she recom- mended the Roman religion to him; but he believed his refusal was the reason that she disposed her own land away from him. Sir John Reresby (the writer of the memoirs) was, he tells us, born April 14th, 1634, in the great chamber of Thrybergh Hall; that his father died at the age of thirty-five, in 1646, “leaving me, then twelve years of age, with four sons more and one daughter, to the care of an affectionate mother.” He had been taken prisoner by the Parliamentary party two years before his death, and confined to his own house. “He died indebted £1,200, besides the sale of between two and three hundred pounds per annum; not through ill- husbandry, but by reason of the war and the narrowness of his then present fortune * * this put him likewise upon the sale of a large wood (all of it great timber) that stood in the park. As the late unfortunate King Charles the First passed by Rotherham (brought back by the Parliament forces when sold by the treacherous Scots) my mother sent me to wait upon him, who said I was the son of an honest man.” His “Memoirs” present a striking picture of the period in which he lived, and in which, as before observed, he bore a very prominent part, both in the local affairs of the town and county, and also in the difficult political questions which divided and distracted the entire kingdom. He seems to have had the confidence, and to have shared the counsels of the leading ministers and members of the government of the day, and also to have evinced great discernment and sagacity in the different appointments held by him, and withal an obvious watchfulness in looking after his own interest. Passing over a very eventful boyhood and the early travels of his youth, which sparkle with remarkable incidents and graphic sketches of places and persons, there are several interesting Snatches relating to Rotherham, well worth extracting, and to which these extracts must be mainly confined. The following just now in point: 1663. I went for London in March. Whilst I was in the country I received a letter from one that had been a soldier in Cromwell's army, who pretended he was able to discover to me a place in Templeborough (part of my estate near Ickles), where some considerable sum of money had been hidden in the late wars; which letter was dated from the sign of the Cross, near Moorfields, in London. In April I took Mr. Tindall, my relation, with me, and went to see if I could find out this place in London and the man. * Ickles Hall is now a farm house, with a great extent which once no doubt rung with many a wild carouse, still of out-building. The solid old oak stairs, and balustrades, indicate its former rank. and a large old banquetting room (now used for lumber), 446 33 otherijam. All he seems to have found was a street-quarrel, in which both he and Mr. Tindall were wounded, and in which he almost mortally wounded the assailant, was seized by the rabble, taken before a justice, bailed in ſº,000, and in the end compounded the matter for £50. So much for Templeborough treasure-trove, at that time of the day. In 1665 he states “The rental of Brinsford and Ickles did then amount to £429 2s. 4d.” In 1676, Sir John, who had only been lately sworn in the Commission of the Peace, seems to have prepared himself to act in it; and although only thirty-six years of age, he rendered a great service to the Corporation of Cutlers of Hallamshire, who had spent large sums of money in endeavouring to relieve themselves from the duty of Hearth Tax, by opposing distresses being made upon them for refusing to pay it; and securing the support of other justices, they withstood the Treasury order, and the recommendation of two judges at York. He says, “I did not please at Court by this proceeding, but whatever I lost there, I gained in my country.” 1680. August 28. I went with my wife and family to the Cutlers' Feast at Sheffield with Some neighbours; I took with me the number of near thirty horse. The Master and Wardens, attended by an infinite crowd, met me at the entrance into the town with music and hautboys. I alighted from my coach, and went afoot with the Master to the Hall, where we had an extraordinary dinner; but this was at the charge of the Corporation of Cutlers. In the afternoon the burgesses of the town invited me and all my company to a treat of wine at a tavern, where we were very well entertained. 1682. July 15. His Grace [the Duke of Newcastle, where he had been visiting] came with me to Rotherham, where we made also a visit to the Duke of Norfolk, lately come into the country with intention to build at the college there, it being his duchess's jointure. July 18. Was our sessions at Rotherham, where I gave the charge to the jury. The same day the Duke of Norfolk invited me and all the rest of the justices to dinner. We were eight there in number; viz., Sir Henry Marwood, Sir Michael Wentworth of Woolley, Sir Ralph Knight, Mr. Edmonds, Mr. Blythman, Mr. Ramsden, Mr. Jessop, and myself. The laws having been put more vigorously in execution against Nonconformists of late than heretofore, Mr. Jessop (a known favourer of dissenters) made some scruple to join with us in that proceeding. After a long debate in a private room to satisfy his doubts in that point, he cast some reflections on the proceedings of the justices in their former sessions as well as on those there present, declaring that all their proceedings and warrants were illegal; to which I replied that it was something saucy to arraign so many gentlemen of quality concerned in the commission of the peace for his single opinion. He stood up and retorted with great insolency: “You are very impudent.” At which words I took up a leaden standish (he sitting behind a table, and at some distance from me) and threw it at his face, where the edge lighting upon his cheek cut it quite through. We after this drew our swords, and I went into the middle of the chamber, but the company prevented his following of me, and afterwards reconciled us. It is pleasant to know that this reconciliation was real. A letter from Sir John to Lord Halifax, among the Spencer MSS., tells much the same story, and adds that The company made us friends, he confessing the justices of the peace in the right, then drinking to me, saying he was sorry for his passion, and I declaring that then I was Sorry for mine. My lord, I acquaint your lordship with this, that you may not be prepossessed by any false story; for thus I have it agreed to by all the justices then present under their hands, and I beg that no worse may be made of it to his prejudice, either by his being turned out of commission of the peace, or otherwise. Reresby’s opponent was Francis Jessop, an early member of the Royal Society, who lived at Broomhall, Sheffield. Sir John says upon the occurrence— I was sorry for this accident, it happening at a sessions of the peace, but the provocation could not be passed over. At the same place I acquainted the cutlers [of Sheffield] with the directions of my Lord Halifax, which were to inform them that he had in some measure prevailed that they should be excused from paying the duty of hearth-money for their Smith's forges, and that he would do them what kindness lay in his power, either in that or in any other concern. Christmas seems to have filled Thrybergh with most of the surrounding nobility and gentry, but the hospitality was by no means confined to high rank. - 1682. Sunday being Christmas Eve I invited all the poorer sort of my tenants of Denby and Hooton, being nineteen in number. On Christmas Day the poorer sort of Thrybergh, Brinsford, and Mexborough, being twenty-six. On St. Stephen’s Day all the farmers and $ir 3 oil it 33 treşti nº ſºlem dirg. 447 better sort of tenants of Thrybergh, Brinsford, and Rotherham, being in all fifty-four. On St. John's Day all the chief tenants of Denby, Hooton, and Mexborough, being in number forty-five. Here is delicate mention made of one of his guests, a Mr. Belton, “an ingenious clergyman, but too much of a good fellow.” In 1684, he says “I had more company this Christmas than heretofore,” and enumerates them, So that all the beds in the house, and most in the town, were taken up. There were seldom less than four score, counting all sorts of people, that dined in the house every day, and some days many more. On New Year's Day chiefly there dined above three hundred, so that whole sheep were roasted and served so up to feed them. For music I had five violins, besides bagpipes, drums and trumpet. This is a vivid description of Christmas festivity in the olden time. 1683. April 7. The Duke of Norfolk being then come to Rotherham to build at the College, came to visit me. There is mention in 1682 to the same effect, but the mention in both cases is so slight, as to render it impossible to surmise as to what building is meant, especially as we have no account or evidence of any building operations having taken place at the college, but rather that it has been subject to more or less demolition from the time the destroyer's hand fell upon it, until now. 1687. May 16. Being Whitsun Monday and Rotherham fair day, I went in the afternoon to the sign of the Swan, to receive my rent of one penny—a rent reserved upon the sale by my predecessors of that house Some 400 years since, with the best room and stable to the use of the heir of the family upon Rotherham fair day. This would now give an antiquity of near six hundred years to the house, wherever it is, or was, and which we must conclude was in the Beast Market, where the Swan is now, and very ancient no doubt it is. There is frequent mention in the “Memoirs” by Sir John Reresby of his troop, but hereunder is given a roll-call on parchment, which appears to bear date 1623, but the almost illegible 2 must be a later figure (suppose a 3), and the roll-call relates to the following passage:– When the Scotch war broke out, my father was major in the militia regiment within the wapontake of Strafford and Tickhill and the other hundred adjoining, the colonel of it at that time being Sir George Wentworth, and in the year 1639 he marched to York, where the regiment was appointed to rendezvous in Order to their going to fight the Scots, &c. Sir John, in speaking of his own troop, in 1687, says, I had a letter from my brother Edmond, captain in the Guards, that informed me that the King told him I had sent up a very good Company of Grenadiers; for there was not a man in it but he was taller than the Captain. And again in 1689. Finding but very few of the old soldiers of my company in Yorkshire, I sent to Sheffield and Rotherham to make new recruits; and in three days' time, only by sending my servants I raised near sixty young men without beat of drum ; and, choosing the most likely, sent them with an officer to the quarters at Southampton, the I6th of January. The portrayal of high society presented in these “Memoirs” of what may be termed a comparatively polished period, is more instructive than attractive. To maintain almost profligate expenditure, public service seems to have been almost fought for, and that for the emolument connected with it—as a means of private aggrandizement, and of attaining high position. Sir John Reresby was a most able, astute, and widely useful man, and especially so as a neighbouring justice of the peace; and although not free from, he was less given to lavish and ruinous expenditure than were most of his predecessors. His heir and successor ruined the family by most reckless and riotous excesses, and died, it is said, in extreme want, a tapster in Fleet Prison. 448 ãotherham. THE LIST of MAJOR RERESBY's CoMPANY, IN THE WEST RIDING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1633. Lieutenant Laughton-le- Robert Mirfen, Gen! Ensign Buckley Morn: Thos Mirfin Sargant John Cheshire Sargant James Ellis Corporal George Cheshire Corporal Gervase Reuell Corporal Gifford South - Robert Mirfin Mexbrough Samuel Sauill, Esqre C Edward Laughton John Buckley, Esq." C Willºn Laughton John Sanderson Iſl Robert Arthur | Francis Stanley IQ Anthony Hatfield, Gent. Willm Birks C Xpoſer Michell Henry Wright 111 Willm. Misterton Godfrey Yates II] John Seaton John Foster C - Godfrey Simonett Rotherham Richard Mountney, Esq. II] Aston cum Godfrey Scholey - Tho: Dickinson C Aughton Mr Fletcher, cl: Willm. Dickinson II] Francis Dickinson C e Tho: Shepley | Willm Leadbeater C Tinsley Rich : Staniford Alexander Cleyton C Peter Williamson John Drew C Willm. Harrobin Rich : Fulcher C Rich : Burrose Henry Nicholson C Willim Swath Rowland Shepley C George Harrison John Feonson II] Widw: Tagge Andrew Cleyton C Ye Countesse of Pembroke Tho: Dickinson C - Thrybergh James Stiringe Herthill Robert Whitehead C CUI. Tho : Bilcliffe Rich : Belk II] Brinsford Mr. Leadbetter, cl. Robert Whitehead II]. Willin Stringer John Stacey 1\}. Widow Laughton Edward Sisson II]. George Taylor II] Treeton James Ellis Mr Clayton c1: II]. Willm. Setchfielde Willm Youle Thorpe Salvin Edward Beaumont II]. Willm. Potter CUIII] Henry Bentley II] - º Wales Tho: Robinett II]. Whiston Tho: Priestley John Whitehead Iſl John Tomson Tho: Billam II]. John Tomlinson - George Stringer Anston John Clarke c George Westby Robert Pemperton C John Reuel Tho: Pagden II] James Gervas Willim Emley 1I] Nicholas Kirke C Wickersley Tho: Hawkerhead John Kirke C Willm DowneS Willin Pigham II] Tho: Whatson Tho: Kirke II] Tho: Shirley George Lord Dinnington Robert Bayles II] Mr. Waringe, cl. George Tagge II] e Francis Ellis m || Hooton Robert | W* Nicholson Mr Prichett c1 : II] Tho: Roades - Tho : Nicholson Brampton Robert Arthur m Willin Nawthorp, cl. Cum Ha Anthony Gilberthorp 1I] Willin Kirby II]. Deneby George Roberts Tho: Millner IIl Robert Seaton II]. Dalton Tho: Jackson Tho : Lord II] Tho : Nell John Robuck Ranfield John Bower II]. Tho : Hurst Raph Hertley Iſl John Hurst Robert Hertley 11] Tho: Linley Bramle George Brithwait C Woodsetts John Bradshaw y Nj Eyre II]. ... cu Hugh Nellson Willin Spencer C Gildenwell Rich : Ward II]. FINIS. Matthew Waterhouse £2mm tumformity in Hºntijerjäm. By Rev. F. 9. FALDIVG, M.A., D.D. When shall contention and debate For euer slake and cease ? When shall the daies of euill date Be tourned vnto peace Thomas Bryce, I559. Our little systems have their day; They have their day and cease to be ; They are but broken lights of Thee, And Thou, O Lord l art more than they. Tennyson. N |HE struggles of conscientious Christian men through by-gone centuries, against papal or royal Supremacy in church matters, as to doctrine and government, have been so often and so well told, according to the different views and opinions thereon entertained, as to make any preliminary introduction to the subject on which we have now to treat, quite unnecessary. Nonconformity in Rotherham, so far as it can be ascertained, had its origin in the Ejection of 1662, and is always connected with the life and ministry of the Rev. John Shaw, M.A. An autobiography of this remarkable man, from a transcript in the British Museum,” made by Ralph Thoresby, F.R.S., from Shaw's own MS., was printed in Hull, 1824, edited by john Broadley, F.S.A., and is reprinted in the Surtees Society's volume, for 1875; a new edition of the volume, edited by john Broadley, was published this year in Hull. The barest outline of his history, previous to his ejection from the Church, is all that can now be given. He was born at Sicke House, in the Chapelry of Bradfield, parish of Ecclesfield, on June 23, 1608, the only child of his parents, who reluctantly permitted him to go to Cambridge, when between fourteen and fifteen years old, to be a pensioner in Christ's College, under the tuition of William Chappell, “a most painful and vigilant tutor,” and afterwards Bishop of Cork, under whom he took the degree of Master of Arts in 1630. Shaw was therefore a Cambridge student at the same time and under the same tutor as John Milton. During this period a great change in Shaw's religious opinions * Addit. MSS. 4,460, Bibl. Birch, in the British Museum. 57 45O - 330th crijam. and sentiments took place. He who entered college “without any great desire after learning, but with as little desire after religion,” heard Mr. Thomas Weld, minister of Haverhill, preach, and he experienced “from that time forth more and more change in heart, affections, speeches, practices, and so that he was much taken notice of in the college, and much opposed for a Puritan.” - Shaw commenced his ministry in 1631, at Brampton, Chesterfield, where he was “lecturer” three years. While here, he married “a most pious, religious wife, a sweet and suitable yoke-fellow, Mrs. Dorothy Heathcote, of Cutthorpe Hall.” He was next minister for three years, at Chumleigh, in Devonshire. In 1636 he was called to be lecturer at the Church of Allhallows, on the Pavement, in York, where he remained another three years. He also held the appointment of chaplain to Philip, Earl Pembroke,” Lord Chamberlain to King Charles I., by whom he was presented with the Vicarage of Rotherham, to which he was instituted, at Bishopthorpe, on the 17th April, I639, in succession to his cousin-german, Mr. William Dickinson, the former vicar, who died that year. In 1640 a treaty between Charles I. and the Scots was made at Ripon, by eight earls and eight lords for England, and eight commissioners for Scotland, at which Shaw, who had been chosen by the lords, attended as their chaplain. The treaty lasted for one month (October) at the end of which a pacification was made, when, says Shaw, “The lords made haste to London to the Parliament and I to Rotherham.” The parliament to which the lords hasted was the famous Long Parliament, “the history whereof,” as Shaw writes to his son, “you may read in our Chronicles with dry eyes, which others did with wet.” - When the Civil War broke out in 1642, Shaw and his wife fled by night to Hull, leaving his children with his mother, at Rotherham; but the governor of Hull would not suffer him to remain, so he went to Beverley, where, on a fast day, he preached his sermon, afterwards printed by the name of “A Broken Heart.” At Selby, on his way back to Rotherham, he preached to Lord Fairfax and his army a sermon, which was printed, called “The Two Clean Birds.” On Thursday, May 4th, 1643, the Earl of Newcastle and General King, with a great army, came against Rotherham, which was soon yielded up to the earl on honourable terms, when the little powder in the town had been spent. Once in the town, the earl, besides imprisonment, imposed a fine of 1,000 marks upon Mr. William Spencer, Mr. Henry Westby, Mr. George Westby, and Mr. Shaw; all the rest forenamed were taken prisoners, except the vicar; because, as he says, God, and not any wit or skill of his own hid him. He tells the story of his “marvellous, if not miraculous,” escape in the epistle before “The Two Clean Birds,” and in his “Tombstone,” and “The Three Kingdome's Case,” the latter of which is hereunder given, as too curious to be omitted.” Then he fled with his man to Manchester, and almost immediately had the offer of a good living, at Lymme, in Cheshire, which he accepted for the time, having held the * Of the Earl of Pembroke, Anthony Wood gives us, as the town had, was spent, they upon honourable terms It seems he usually does of Parliamentarians, a very unfavourable account. It seems that he was a younger son of Henry, Earl of Pembroke. William Herbert, the elder son, was a student of New College, Oxford, in 1592, and succeeded to his father’s title in 1601, being then about twenty-two years old. He was made Chancellor of Oxford University in 1626, and about the same time Lord Steward of the King's Household. He was a learned man, a favourer of learning, and the author of a book of poems [London, I660-1800]. He died suddenly in London, on the Ioth of April, 1630, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral. He was succeeded by his younger brother Philip, who was also educated at New College, Oxford, and was created Earl of Montgomery, before he succeeded to the earldom of Pembroke. He took the side of the Parliament in the Civil Wars in 1642, and was made one of the Council of State after the death of Charles I. He also was Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1648. b As there seems to be a slight variance between the account of his escape given in his autobiography and the one in his epistle; both are given. “On thursday, may 4, 1643, came the Earl of New- castle with general King and a great army against the town of Rotherham, and when the little powder that yielded up the town to the earl " >}: >}: that the sharpest and bitterest resolutions, to say no worse (though causelessly) were against me; but, I with my man Robert Gee, lay hid in the steeple of the church ; the soldiers sought me diligently—plundered my house, and came five or six several times into the very room, where we were ; we could see and have touched them, we were visible enough to them, if the Lord in mercy to us had not shut their eyes. But how marvellously, if not miraculously the only wise God did there preserve and thence deliver me, you may see more at large in my epistle before “The two clean birds,” in my dear wife's tombstone, but especially in an epistle of mine before my sermon now in print, on Isaiah xlii., 24, 25, called “The three Kingdome's case.” “The three kingdome's case: or their sad calamities: together with their cause and cure, with some very remark- able passages of providence, worthy of general observa- tion.” 4to. I646. This sermon is dedicated “to the Christian and wel affected reader, especially to my worthy and loving friends, both the inhabitants within the town and county of Kingston-upon-Hull, and also the parish- oners of Bradfield in the west-riding of Yorkshire.” In this epistle or dedication, he gives the account alluded to in the text. “Let me for the same end acquaint you, the #2 on tº it for mitg. 4-5 I vicarage of Rotherham for three years. Living in Manchester, he preached every Friday; rode to Lymme on Saturday, and preached twice every Sunday; returning to Manchester on Monday or Tuesday. He spent an interval of some months at Cartmel, where he preached and catechised often seven or eight times a week. Then, because the army of Prince Rupert came to Cartmel, Shaw had to flee again to Yorkshire, leaving his wife behind him to find safety in a “ship at Sea.” In 1644. Shaw was chosen chaplain to a standing committee of advice to aid Lord Fairfax in governing Yorkshire for the Parliament, and at the same time he acted as clerk to an assembly of ministers for casting out scandalous clergymen and putting faithful men into their places. Then Lord Fairfax gave him a living of good value at Skerringham, near York; but he found no rest or safety there, and went to be minister at the Low Church, in Hull, and afterwards became lecturer at the High Church, where he continued seventeen years preaching every Wednesday and Sunday, and six or seven times a week besides at both churches, and to the soldiers at the castle, for which he says, “I never had one penny.” In 1644 he preached a sermon, “Brittain's Remembrancer,” in York Minster, at the taking of the Solemn League and Covenant by the Lord Fairfax, and city, and army. In 1646 we find Shaw, at Leicester, in attendance on the Commissioners appointed by Parliament to conduct the siege of Newark; and later, at Newcastle, with the Commissioners sent by Parliament to treat with the king for peace. About this time Shaw was very much offended by the action of Colonel Overton, governor of Hull, who favoured John Canne as a preacher, and to accommodate him, built a thick wall to part the chancel of the High Church from the body of it, and opened a door into the chancel, so that Canne might preach there whilst Shaw was preaching in the body of the church. Long time after this the two preachers kept up their disputes, and Shaw never forgave his rival. - In 1653 Shaw was made master of the Charterhouse in Hull. Still preaching at the High Church, occasionally going up to London to preach in Whitehall before the Protector Cromwell, which says he, “I did with the freedom and plainness of old Latimer,” and almost every year preaching at the assizes of York—some of which sermons, “Britannia Rediviva” and the “Princess Royal" were printed. inhabitants of Bradfield, with another instance, though of a lower ranke, viz., the mervailous delivery of a minister of Christ’s gospel, born in your parish, wherein you may stil see God’s hand; learn to trust and praise him more : it’s this, when the earle of Newcastle besieged Rotherham, in may, 1643, at last the town wanting powder (which was taken at Gainsborough, as it was bringing to them) and some houses being on fire by the enemies granadoes, the towne was forced to entertaine a parley with the earle, who, after some shamefulle repulse and losse assured them under his hand, that upon laying down their armes they should have their estates, lives, and liberties, safe ; but as soon as he entered, fined, imprisoned, plundered many, and as it seems had a speciall intent to ruine the minister of the place aforesaid, yet, first, the minister went through the midst of the town (then so throng’d) unperceived by any; secondly, he hid himself in a vault of a house not inhabited (after he had heard of the enemies base unfaith- fulnesse and cruelty) which house the enemy (pulling downe the works about the towne) came into, and kept as their main guard night and day, and lay close by him (which thing he neither did nor could suspect beforehand;) thirdly, the enemy proclaimed him traitor by a cryer throughout the town, yea, and all others traitors also, who knowing of him, brought him not into them within twenty- four hours; in the aforesaid house the souldiers seeking him most diligently, thrust their swords betwixt the boards frequently, yet neither found nor hurt him ; fourthly, at last they looked up to a vault above their heads (which lay visibly open to view, by the space of three yards and more, where himself and his man lay indeed) and swore that he was there, whereupon they instantly ran up the stairs (which they kept) broke open the door (entring to the vault which they saw, and where he was) found it lockt, and the key in the door in the inside, sought him five severall times, the great windows all open round about, he and his man lying on their sides could have taken hold on them, yet never found either of them (no cause but that Jer. xxxvi. 26.) fifthly, he having layen there on the stones most part of three days and nights, viz. from thursday, may 4, 1643, (when the town was taken) till saturday evening, may 6th, could not stir, scarce cough or spet, lest he should be heard, and no friend, meat, drink, or relief could come at him (the enemy keeping the town, that house and stairs to the vault) he resolved that night rather than starve, to goe down and yeild himself to their cruell mercies (for he might hear them swear his death with many dammees) presently that very afternoon they went away (he cannot to this day learn any reason why) for they came thither again the next day, and staid there constantly long after, as if they had meant (as indeed the good and wise God did) to give him just a fit time and space to get safe away, for neither before nor after could he get away thence, nor longer stay there; sixthly, when he was come down the stairs from the vault, though the enemy he found removed, yet were the doors lockt; but the enemy had caused a carpenter to pull up two boards of the floor to seek for him in a hollow place underneath, and left them unnailed down again; through which space (as if they had meant to have made him a way forth) he got out: seventhly, when he came forth by that hollow aforesaid, he came through the midst of the town again to his house undiscerned; and as he was stepping into the hall (not knowing now who lived there or in any other house) there were some cavaliers billeted (having formerly plundered him suffi- ciently) amongst whom he was just stepping, had not a friend of his pulled him by the shoulder into another room next the hall : eighthly, yet durst he not tarry there, but got to a vault in another house, and lay upon an earthen floor the remainder of three weeks in the midst amongst them, yet never got cold, nor was the least sick, no not so much as usually before: ninthly, after this he got safe to Manchester, and after some cumbers is safely returned to his native country; for all which, he entreats his friendly neighbours, and readers, that praise may be returned to the only wise God, and sole and lively confidence put in him, for ever and ever.” 4.52 330th crijam. In 1657 his “mirth was turned into mourning” by the death of his wife, twenty-five years after their marriage. She was buried in Trinity Church, Hull, and he printed his book, “Mrs. Shaw's Tombstone, or the Saint's Remains." Two years afterwards he married Mrs. Margaret Stillington, at Kelfield, near Cawood, York. Cromwell died in 1658, and his eldest son, Richard, became Protector, and Shaw was called to preach before him at Whitehall; but Charles II. came to the throne in 1660, and the same year Shaw was sworn the king's chaplain, and was present at his coronation in 1661. But on his return to Hull he found himself displaced by the authorities, and another minister appointed to preach at the High Church, and shortly after there came down a royal inhibition from preaching there any more. After an interview with the king he was permitted to remain at the Charterhouse; but this did not last long, as he became the object of continual annoyance and persecution. On the 20th of June, 1662, he left Hull, and came to Rotherham to a hired house, and preached one part of the Lord's day, as Mr. Clayton, the vicar, did the other part, “till that sad Bartholomew day, 1662, when by Act of Uniformity (so it is called, but so it proved not, but quite the contrary) all that had not subscribed were forbidden to preach.” He thus describes his own subsequent position in relation to the Established Church. “Now, I had no call to any place to preach, for I was ousted from preaching in Hull by His Majesty's order only, more than a year before such subscription was demanded (or perhaps thought on), and since then I had no living or call to any particular place, and so subscription was never offered to, or demanded of me, nor was I ever put to the trial whether I would subscribe or not.” - On November 7th, 1663, we find Shaw and his wife and children at the house of Staniforth, his son-in-law, watched and informed against by Francis Mounteney, but before the warrant was served they had left the house. He continued to preach to his family and often to others, “yet without very considerable trouble.” He died April 19th, 1672, and his only son is said to have died at Rotherham, 1682. Ralph Thoresby, in his edition of John Shaw's autobiography, says that he copied the following epitaph from the “brasse” upon his grave in Rotherham Church. The brass is not now to be found. Johannes Shawe A.M. e Col. Christi Cantabrigiae, oriundus, quondam hujus ecclesiae vicarius, ob insignem eruditionem, pietatem, et KOITON EN AOTO inter praecipuos Theologos Piis doctisq. constanter numeratus: ac tam Barnabas quam Boanerges rite habitus, In mansiones Coelestes translatus, anno AEtatis 65, Aprilis IQ, 1672. The following version of it is given by Calamy:— Here lie the Remains Of the Rev. JoHN SHAW, M.A.; He was educated at Christ College, Cambridge, And was sometime Vicar of this Church ; He was ever esteemed For his eminent literature and piety, And labour in word and doctrine, Among the first divines of the age. In administering divine consolation He was a Barnabas, And in wielding divine thunders He was a Boanerges. He was translated to the celestial Mansions April 19th, 1672, aged 65. When the Act of Uniformity took effect in 1662 Mr. Luke Clayton was vicar of Rotherham. As no successor was immediately instituted, he continued at his post rather than leave his congregation destitute of religious services, although for doing it he was liable to punishment. After his final removal from his living in April, 1663, when the Rev. James Rigby was appointed vicar, he preached in Rotherham and in the neighbourhood, frequently at Greasbrough, until 13th June, 1674, when he died of consumption, owing, * An early copy of this very quaint work is in Mr. Guest’s possession. 32 on conform it.p. 453 no doubt, to frequent imprisonments, worry, and deprivation. Calamy says of him that he was a man “that had unusual honour in his own country, on the account of his real worth and pious labour.” From which it may perhaps be inferred that Clayton was a native of Rotherham, and further, that he was not a university-bred man. No account of the place or date of his birth, of his family connections, or the place of his education can be found. There certainly was a family of that name resident in Rotherham at the time, and as Clayton remained in the town after his ejection from the living, and as he occupied a position of influence and respectability, it is probable that he was a native. He appears either to have inherited property or to have acquired it. He must have been held in high esteem by his townsmen long after, and in spite of, his ejection from the vicarage, for he was Greave of the feoffees, either alone or in association with some other, a great number of years in succession, viz., from 1659–1671. After the Revolution, when the silenced Nonconformists obtained toleration, we find that Clayton availed himself of the act, for “On April 30th, 1672, he was licensed to be a general preacher.” Calamy says of him that “he was an excellent disputant and a very ready man, and for many years preached twice a day to a numerous congregation, and catechized the youth in public, after which, he constantly, on Lord's day evenings, about five o’clock, repeated the substance of his sermons.” Clayton was several times imprisoned in York Castle. Probably the first occasion was in consequence of his preaching in the church after the dark St. Bartholomew’s day, although, if he had not done so, there would have been no service. But he must have been imprisoned for continuing to preach whilst residing in the town after the ejection, for Calamy says of him, “He was indeed a very bold and resolute servant of Jesus Christ in the work of the ministry, balking no opportunity of preaching, which occasioned his being imprisoned for six months together several times. Indeed, he had no sooner obtained his liberty after one half year's confinement, but he returned to his work and preached, for which he was again apprehended and laid up for another half year.” - In what rooms Shaw and Clayton held their meetings is not known. Nor can it now be told whether or not they held meetings conjointly or separately. At one time we know that Shaw's congregation met in his own house. Afterwards meetings were held at Mr. Langley's, in Ratten Row, opposite to the west end of the church. Later on they were held in a house in Millgate. In this place a week-day lecture was kept up for some years; but when services were begun to be held on Sundays, the vicar, then Mr. Boswell, prevailed upon Mr. Mandeville, the owner of the house, to let it to some other party. “Another and far more convenient house” was then taken, in which a congregation of three or four hundred could assemble, to hear Mr. Heywood, who was minister in 1692. There is no precise account of the state of matters between the death of Shaw, in 1672, and of Clayton, in 1674, and the year 1692, an interval of nearly twenty years. There is proof, however, that several of the ejected ministers preached frequently in Rotherham. It appears from the diary of Mrs. Eliza Shirley that Messrs. Fisher, Hancocks, Prime, O. Heywood, and others, did so in the house in Ratten Row. It is probable also that Mr. Frankland and his students, at Attercliffe, did the same between the years 1686 and 1689, and afterwards Mr. Jollie and his students. In March of 1693, Mr. John Heywood, son of the celebrated Oliver Heywood, became minister of the congregation. Since November, 1684, he had been tutor to Mr. Thomas Westby, of Ravenfield. There must, therefore, have been a regular and settled congregation or church at the time, and probably it was the same that was gathered by the labours of Shaw and Clayton, and kept up by the visitations of other ejected ministers. Mr. Heywood, who had ministered to the congregation previously to his becoming their recognised pastor, still resided at Ravenfield, and rode on Lord's days from Mr. Westby's to Rotherham. The names of some members of the congregation can be given. Mr. Westby of Ravenfield, Mr. Staniforth of Firbeck, Mr. Hatfield of Laughton, Mr. Foljambe of Eastwood, attended with other respectable persons and families, some of them coming in their own coaches. These persons had probably left the parish church at the ejection of the minister. Mr. Staniforth was perhaps the son-in-law of Mr. Shaw. In 4.54 330th crijam. 1701 Mr. Heywood had already left Rotherham, for in that year” he died at Pontefract, and he was succeeded in this year by Mr. John Wadsworth. This Mr. Wadsworth was the son of William Wadsworth, a maltster at Attercliffe, and was born 3oth March, 1678. At the age of sixteen he became a pupil at Mr. Jollie's academy, at Attercliffe, and in 1701 he settled as minister in Rotherham. It seems very likely that in 1709–1710 he acted as assistant to Mr. Jollie, in Sheffield, for there was a Mr. John Wadsworth, assistant to him at that time, and in those years it is known that many students from Attercliffe preached in Rotherham, and also a Mr. Pigot frequently. Nothing is known of any other Mr. John Wadsworth who could have been Mr. Jollie's assistant. In 1714 Wadsworth succeeded Mr. Jollie in Sheffield. A division taking place in the congregation on that occasion the majority remained at Upper Chapel with their new minister, and the rest built Nether Chapel, taking Mr. De la Rose, who had been Mr. Jollie's assistant for the last years of his life, as their minister. Mr. Wadsworth, on removing to Sheffield, married Rebecca, daughter and heiress of Mr. Field Sylvester. He also succeeded to Mr. Jollie's labours in the academy. . He resigned in 1744. He was buried in Upper Chapel, and there is still in that chapel a stone with this inscription. “To the memory of the Rev. Mr. John Wadsworth, who, above thirty years, presided as the minister among the Protestant dissenters in this town with singular wisdom, diligence, and candour, and as a tutor with reputation and success. He died May 24th, 1745, aged 67.” From 1714, when Mr. Wadsworth left Rotherham for Sheffield, we have no information respecting the congregation at Rotherham until 1720, when a chapel was built apparently at the expense of Mr. Thomas Hollis.” The chapel was erected on a parcel of ground near the “Beast Market.” To the trustees of this property belonged also a dwelling-house, with barn and stable, and chambers over them, together with garden and orchard, on the north side of Westgate. Also about an acre of land “abutting on Dalton Brook East, together with two months' right of common.” In 1739 this dwelling-house and land were described as lately tenanted by William Wilson, minister of the Gospel, from which it would appear that Mr. Wilson was minister at Rotherham sometime between 1714—1739. The name of Jonathan Wilson also occurs * So states Mr. Hunter in his MS. notes on Noncon- afterwards preached. Hollis was a Baptist, and a Baptist formity. Rev. G. G. Miall, in his “History of Congre- congregation met for many years in the hall. gationalism in Yorkshire,” gives 1694 as the date of John Heywood’s leaving Rotherham for Pontefract, and 1704 as the time of his death. Dr. Boothroyd, in his “History of Pontefract,” says that he was buried in the old Independent Chapel in that town probably about 1720. b This Mr. Hollis died in 1718. He had, it seems, previously purchased ground for the chapel, and either given money for it in his lifetime, or it was given by his sons, who were very liberal supporters of Nonconformity, and benefactors of many benevolent objects, both in this neighbourhood, in London, and in New England, America. The following table contains the names of the principal members of his family:— o Thomas Hollis-F died 1718. | T º | -] Thomas Hollis, Nathanael-F John= Mary in 1720, resident T in G ood man’s F--- F--- Fields, London, Thomas= (- - - - - )== Gentleman, died died I73O-I I735. Thomas, Gentleman, Timothy, heir also of his great Merchant, uncle, Thomas, living in living in 1739. I739. Mr. Hunter says of the above-named that “ Thomas Hollis, as stated in his funeral sermon, built chapels at Rotherham and Doncaster at his own expense. He bought the land and premises on which the Rotherham Chapel was built, from Mr. Shore. - He was a whitesmith in Rotherham, and during the Civil Wars left Yorkshire, and settled with his family in London. In 1679 he took a lease of Pinner's Hall, in London, for ninety-nine years. This hall had been a well-known meeting place of the Independents, where Cromwell, amongst others, had worshipped, and Richard Baxter had Hollis died in 1718 at the advanced age of eighty-four years, leaving three sons and a daughter as above. From a draft of lease of the chapel, made in 1739, it appears that his eldest son, Thomas, resided as a gentleman in Goodman’s Fields, in 1720. He died without issue in I730-31. He had been a considerable merchant. He added to the Sheffield charities and to the trust for Pinner's Hall. Besides these he founded a Professorship for Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and another of Divinity, also ten Scholarships, together with other benefactions, in Harvard College, Cambridge, Boston, New England. The contributions to the University were made in large assignments of goods, which sold well in America, then an English Colony. Mr. Hollis was held in such repute, that on his death sermons were preached in Boston and Cambridge, New England. - The different members of this intelligent and liberal family seem to have taken warm interest in Harvard College. Nathanael, the second son of Thomas Hollis, made presents in 1731, and his son, Thomas, sent a bell to a church in Boston, and gave books, scientific apparatus, and money; and Thomas Hollis, the grandson of Nathanael, and the heir of Thomas Hollis, his grand- uncle, and first patron of the college, sent complete sets of books to the value of £1,400. Mr. John Hollis, the third son of the first Thomas Hollis, also sent benefactions to New England. The three sons were all contributors to the Sheffield charities, and to the Baptist and Independent societies. The great-grandson, Thomas Hollis, seems to have been a man of fine culture and munificent habits. A memoir of him, in two handsome volumes, with many fine plates and portraits, was published in 1780, inscribed to Thomas Brand Hollis, Esq., by the compilers. No printer’s or publisher's name appear on the volumes. • An account of the Hollis School for poor children, founded by Mr. Thomas Hollis, will be given at the end of this notice of Nonconformity. j) G it comfor mitg. - 45.5 in this connection. It would seem as if he were a brother of Mr. William Wilson and his assistant, or that he was minister of the chapel from about 1738 to the coming of Mr. Pendlebury, who must have been minister soon afterwards. g Rev. William Pendlebury, M.A., son of the minister of Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds, succeeded Mr. William or Jonathan Wilson. There is a printed sermon of Mr. Pendlebury's “National Repentance and Reformation, the way to obtain National Blessings,” preached at Rotherham, April 11th, 1744, being the day appointed for a general fast. It seems to have been printed at York in 1744; but it is not clear that Mr. Pendlebury was still minister in Rotherham, nor is the date of his leaving the town known. He conformed and became Rector of Bury Thorpe, Yorkshire. During part of his ministry he had a very remarkable man, Richard Baron, as his assistant.” * Richard Baron was assistant minister at Rotherham with Pendlebury, sometime between the years 1740-1744. He was born at Leeds, and educated at Glasgow. The following certificate fixes the dates of his residence in Glasgow : “These are to certify any whom it may concern that Mr. Richard Baron hath resided in this University for 3 compleat annual sessions, viz., from October, 1737, to the date of these presents, attending regularly the lectures on philosophy, mathematics, and languages, and behaving as it became a man of virtue and probity, and particularly applying himself studiously to the law of nature, and shewing a good genius and a high regard for what is virtuous and honourable. - In witness whereof we sign these presents at Glasgow College, this twenty-second day of May, I740. FRANCIS HUTCHINson, P.P. RoBERT SIMson, Math. P.” Baron's engagement with Pendlebury may be accounted for on the ground of their both being Leeds men. Pendle- bury was the son of the minister of Mill Hill Chapel, which probably Baron attended before going to College. Baron's engagement in Rotherham must have ceased in about I744, as then Pendlebury removed and was succeeded by Samuel Moult. In 1750 we find Baron in London, where he published a collection of tracts, in three volumes, I2 mo., under the strange title of a “Cordial for low spirits,” and, in I75I, a collection of tracts and sermons, by John Abernethy, M.D. In the same year he corrected the folio edition of Algernon Sidney’s “Discourses on Government,” and the “Memoirs of Ludlow.” In 1752 he published two volumes of tracts under the title “Pillars of Priestcraft and Orthodoxy shaken.” - Baron was indeed a great collector of rare tracts and books, especially such as bore on public and constitutional liberty. In this way he aided, and was afterwards aided by Thomas Hollis, the great-grandson of the founder of the chapel, who assisted him with money, and published and distributed some of Baron's reprints at his own expense. After Baron’s death his collections, with many MS. notes, were handed over to Hollis, who had two additional volumes of tracts printed in 1768. Specimens of Baron’s style and sentiments are given in “Hollis's Memoirs.” Hollis, vol. i., I45, 364. Vol. ii., 580-5. Baron appears to have assumed the ministry in London, having been ordained in 1753, in Pinner's Hall. In 1755 he discovered a copy of the second edition of Milton’s “Eiconoklastes” (1650), which contained large additions to the former work. He republished it in 1756, in thin quarto; about which time also Baron published a new edition of Milton's prose writings, in two vols. Quarto. Baron explained the scarceness of the second edition of Milton’s “Eiconoklastes” by ascribing it, on the informa- tion of Mr. John Swale, a bookseller in Leeds, to the zeal of the “Priests,” who yearly burnt copies of Milton's prose works in testimony of their affection to the memory of Charles I. It was in 1756 that Mr. Thos. Hollis became acquainted with Baron, who is then described as a dissenting minister, a high-spirited republican, and an adorer of Milton, Sydney, and Locke, whose spirit he imbibed, and whose style he imitated. These qualities were great attractions in Hollis's regard. About 1764, Mr. Hollis undertook to publish a new edition of Locke’s “Letters on Toleration,” and Baron was engaged to correct the press. Baron concerted with Strahan, the printer, to have them printed on royal quarto paper. For his part of the work, Hollis paid Baron twenty guineas on October 21, 1764, in addition to which “Mr. Baron had for his pains in writing the preface, the sum of ten guineas.” The preface was settled between Baron and Hollis, who agreed that it should be “candid, ample, correct, and finished.” The work was published Jan. I, I765. It was reprinted from the first editions in I689, in quarto, and collected by Mr. Hollis himself. In July, 1766, a question appeared in the Daily Gazetteer in the following terms: - “When the morals of a nation are so generally corrupted that all ranks and degrees amongst them hunt after wealth by any means, though ever so vile; when luxury and pro- fusion of all kinds seem to be at the greatest height; when a frivolous dissipation seems to have taken possession of almost the whole community; and all virtue is laughed at as extreme folly; what remedy is there, and what can save such a people from ruin P’’ The question was repeated in the London Chronicle, July Ioth, and answered by Baron thus: “A House of CoMMONS BY Counties,” Whitlocke. After Baron’s death, Hollis paid, May 20th, 1770, for inserting in public prints the following, “A Cure for National Evils. A House of Commons by Counties, with Election by Ballot.” In 1767, at Hollis's request Baron edited and wrote a preface to Marchmont Nedham’s “The Excellency of a Free State,” and in the same year Hollis and Baron pro- jected a new edition of Andrew Marvell's works. The new edition was to be in one volume quarto, to be printed by Millar and Cadell : Baron to correct the prose, and Mr. Bowyer the poetical and Latin parts. But Baron withdrew “for want of anecdotes,” from which it seems he was to furnish illustrations and historical notes. The project fell through, but Hollis's collections were subsequently used in 1776, by Captain Edward Thompson. In 1768, February 23rd, Mr. Hollis was informed by Dr. Jeffries that Baron was dead. “Alas, poor Baron,” he wrote in his diary, “an old acquaintance, once a friend, of great genius and information.” . The following character of Baron, “drawn by no injudicious hand,” in 1768, is taken from “Hollis's Memoirs.” “Mr. Baron’s character was one of the most artless and undisguised that ever appeared in the world. He was a man of great and real learning, of fixed and steady integrity, and a tender and sympathizing heart. He firmly believed in Revelation, and for this very reason was infinitely more concerned to promote the cause of Truth and Virtue in the world, than to procure any emoluments or advantages to himself. “No man was ever more zealous in the cause of civil and religious liberty than Mr. Baron. The whole bent of his studies led him this way. Well did he understand the cause in its utmost extent. Warmly was he animated whenever it was the subject of debate, and zealously indignant was he when he thought it was attacked, or in danger of subversion. Could he have restrained the natural impetuosity of his temper, no man would have had more friends, or better deserved them. With many virtues and few faults, which only wanted the elevation of a higher station and a better fate to have assumed the form of virtues, Mr. Baron passed the greater part of his life in penurious circumstances, which neither abated the generous ardour, nor overcame the laudable independency of his spirit. There are virtues, which, when exerted in a low sphere, seldom bring their reward to the possessor; yet these, with their blessed effects are all this good man left behind him for the consolation and support of a widow and three children.”—“Hollis's Memoirs,” Vol. I., pp. 75-76. 456 330th crijam. In 1744. Mr. Samuel Moult, son of Rev. William Moult, minister of Call Lane Chapel, Leeds, succeeded Mr. Pendlebury. He had his education chiefly with Dr. Latham, at Findern, Derby, but was for some time with Mr. Witler, of Hull, before he began to preach. He married Bridget, daughter and at length heir to Mr. Thomas Wylde, of Wickersley, one of the chief gentlemen supporters of the congregation. He died 16th September, 1776, aged fifty-eight, and was buried in Wickersley Churchyard, where there is a tomb over his remains. Rotherham was the only place where he was minister. He left one son, Mr. Robert Wylde Moult, of Wickersley, and two daughters; Mary, married to Mr. Eben. Aldred, son of Mr. Aldred, minister at Wakefield. Her husband, Mr. Eben. Aldred, was a tradesman at Wakefield, but afterwards became a minister, and had the care of the churches which Mr. Bagshaw collected in the Peak of Derbyshire. The other daughter, Sarah, married Mr. Townsend, her father's successor at Rotherham. - . Josiah Townsend, son of Rev. Meredith Townsend, of Stoke Newington, succeeded. He married Miss Sarah Moult, the daughter of his predecessor. About 1785 Mr. Townsend left Rotherham, and became minister at Fairford, Gloucestershire. William Allard, a student from Daventry, was next minister. He married Miss Bingley, and left Rotherham in 1794, and went to the Peak of Derbyshire, where he erected a meeting-house at Hucklow, thence he removed to Corely, and afterwards to Bury, in Lancashire. - Thomas Oliver Warwick, son of a Methodist preacher, and educated under Mr. Horsey, at Northampton, was the next minister. His congregation consented to his going for a session or two to Edinburgh University College, and to the hospitals in London, to study medicine. He took in Edinburgh the degree of M.D. Besides his ministry he practised as a physician, and was a chemical manufacturer. He also lectured on chemistry in several towns, besides Rotherham, and on several occasions to the students in the college. He married Mary, younger daughter of the Rev. Eben. Aldred, minister of the Peak of Derbyshire congregations. Dr. Warwick's brother-in-law, John Aldred, whose son is now vicar of Dore, was partner with him in the chemical manufacture. Dr. Warwick was succeeded in 1816 by the Rev. Jacob Brettell. He was born at Gainsborough, in Lincolnshire, on the 16th of April, 1793, where his father, who was also called Jacob, was the Unitarian minister. He was educated for the ministry, and in July of the year 1814 became the minister of the Unitarian Chapel at Cockey Moor, now called Ainsworth, near Bolton, Lancashire. Thence he removed to Rotherham to take charge of the Unitarian congregation, in September of 1816. Here he became acquainted with, and afterwards much attached to Ebenezer Elliott, the Corn Law Rhymer, and Ebenezer Rhodes, the author of “Peak Scenery.” He, in early life, took an active part both in political affairs and town's business. He retired from the ministry at Rotherham in July, 1859, through failing health, which gradually weakened year by year. He died on the 12th of January, 1862, and his remains were interred in the Unitarian Chapel Yard. His congregation erected a handsome marble tablet to his memory in the chapel as a testimony of their esteem after his long ministry of forty-three years. In 1821 he published “The Country Minister,” part I, with minor poems and translations. In 1822 he edited the “Analecta.” In 1827, the “Country Minister,” I and 2 parts, with additional poems. In 1828, Sketches in verse from the historical books of the Old Testament. “Mr. Brettell was always ready to render literary assistance, and frequently did so. He took a lively interest in, and delivered frequent addresses in promotion of the Corn Law agitation.” - Mr. Brettell was followed by the Rev. Wm. Blazeby, B.A., the present minister of the congregation, under whose pastorate an elegant new chapel is in course of erection at lower Moorgate. This is a succinct narrative of the line of ministers in succession to the ejected clergymen in 1662. Besides this congregation, which was originally, Puritan, (perhaps Presbyterian,) and orthodox, but gradually changed into Unitarian, we have to follow two other lines of Nonconformity. a “Rotherham Writers in Verse,” by }ohn Guest, read before the Literary and Scientific Society, 1874. £20 m conformity. 457 I. The first originated in the visits of the Wesleys and Whitefield to Rotherham in 1743 and afterwards, a full account of which will be found in subsequent pages. II. The second line of Nonconformist ministers commences with Mr. John Thorpe In 1757. In the early days of the labours of Whitefield and Wesley in Rotherham another religious work had its origin. Already, in 1757, a considerable divergence had taken place in the religious opinions and practices of these two great leaders of the Methodist revival. In regard to doctrine, whilst Wesley adopted decided Arminianism, Whitefield, with equal decision, held what is usually known as Calvinism. Wesley organised a distinct religious community, with methods and rules peculiar to it; but Whitefield was content to preach and leave religious people to join the Methodists, or to remain in the Church of England, or to associate together, as some did, in the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion, or to attach themselves to such of the old Nonconformist Churches as had survived the persecutions of the Stuart kings, and had retained their orthodoxy. The history of the Methodist Society will be hereinafter related. It was as an offshoot of this religious society, and not a continuation of Puritan Nonconformity, that the society, known as Independents or Congregationalists, arose in Rotherham. This society was formed by John Thorpe, whose remarkable history should be here related. - There is no information respecting the early part of Mr. Thorpe's life. The first record is of his conversion. A writer in the Evangelical Magazine for February, 1794, vouches for the truth of a singular account of this event in Thorpe's history, on the ground that he obtained the information from Thorpe himself. - When Whitefield and Wesley first visited Rotherham they met with much opposition, both of violence and of ridicule. Mr. Thorpe was then a young man and an eager opponent of the great preachers. “Not content with personal insult,” says his biographer, “he added private ridicule to public interruption.” On one occasion Thorpe and three of his associates undertook to amuse the company that had met together in one of the public- houses in the town [tradition says the Nag's Head in the Market Place, or again, the White Hart, Church Street] by mimicking the preachers. The proposal was accepted, and wagers were laid on the best performer. It was agreed that each one of them in turn should mount the table, and then, opening the Bible at random, should take the first verse that met his eye as the text on which he was to hold forth. After the other three had done their parts in this profane amusement, Thorpe, much elated and confident of success, ascended the table, and exclaimed, “I shall beat you all.” He opened the Bible at the passage (Luke xiii., 3) “Except ye repent ye shall all likewise perish.” No sooner had he uttered the words, of which he had no previous intimation or choice, than his mind was affected in a most extraordinary manner. The sharpest pangs of conviction now seized him, and conscience denounced tremendous vengeance on his soul. In a moment he was favoured with a clear view of his subject, and divided his discourse more like a divine, who had been accustomed to speak on portions of Scripture, than like one who never so much as thought on religious topics, except for the purpose of ridicule. He found no deficiency of matter, no want of utterance, and, says the writer, “we have frequently heard him declare, “If ever I preached in my life by the assistance of the Spirit of God it was at that time.’” So deeply earnest was his address, and so solemn the impression produced by it, that when he left the table not a syllable was uttered concerning the wager, but a profound silence pervaded the company. Mr. Thorpe immediately withdrew, without taking the least notice of anyone present, and returned home, with very painful reflections and in the deepest distress imaginable. Soon after he joined Mr. Wesley's society, but remained more than two years in a disconsolate and desponding state. Meanwhile he gained the confidence of his religious friends, and was requested by Mr. Wesley to become a Methodist preacher." * Everett relates a very interesting anecdote to show the effects of Thorpe's preaching. “History of Methodism in Sheffield,” pp. 118-119. The above account, which is also given by an anonymous writer, as “Anecdotes of the Rev. John Thorpe, &c.,” in the Methodist Magazine of 1794, can hardly be accepted as a safe record of his conversion. In 1741, Everett says, speaking of Thorpe, “Another person, who attended preaching there about this period, was the father of the present Rev. William Thorpe, of Bristol, who may be considered as springing from a Methodist stock, and who himself, it is said, met in class some time in Rotherham.” It would seem at this time that he was a regular hearer of the Methodist preachers 58 458 33 otherham. The same biographer relates an incident in Thorpe's religious experience. After he had been a preacher for two years he was deeply troubled by harassing temptations to Atheism, from which he was freed by an occurrence which shows that he must have been a man of much intelligence and sensitiveness. On his way to some village to preach, he passed through a wood, and while swinging his arm a leaf accidentally stuck between his fingers. He held the leaf between his eye and the sun, observed its exquisitely curious and wonderful formation, and was led on to a wider contemplation of the works of creation. There rose in his mind such a conviction of the existence and ineffable perfections of God, that his distress was removed, and he went on his way in gladness, rejoicing in the Lord and in His manifold works. When he was stationed as a Methodist preacher at Rotherham, he took part in the frequent discussions which were held on some parts of Christian doctrine in respect to which Whitefield and the Wesleys differed. About the same time the Methodist societies generally, separated into two parties; those who adhered to Wesley and Arminianism, and those who adopted the doctrines of Whitefield and his modified Calvinism. It appears that many of the Rotherham Methodists were included in the latter division. John Wesley, on one of his visits to Rotherham, was displeased with the state of affairs. Supposing that Mr. Thorpe was to blame in the matter, he sent him to a place about a hundred miles away; but the separation and the banishment cured neither Thorpe nor the members of the society. So eventually Wesley dismissed Thorpe from his connexion. Many members of the Society separated with him, and, having formed themselves into a congregation on the principles and model of the Independents, made choice of Mr. Thorpe to be their pastor. This separation appears to have taken place between the years 1757 and 1760. The later date is more probably correct, although Everett, in his “History of Methodism,” p. I 16, affirms the earlier one, and asserts, against the statements made by others, that “the division took place at the present period of the history (1757), and it is certain that Thorpe was not a travelling preacher, but only acted in a local capacity.” Amongst the members of the Wesleyan Society who separated with John Thorpe, were the Walker family, who hold so important a place in the modern portion of this “History of Rotherham.” The new society first met in a public school, belonging to the Walkers. It consisted of sixteen members, by whom Mr. Samuel Walker and Mr. Benjamin Longley were chosen as deacons, and Mr. Thorpe was ordained as their pastor, the Rev. Mr. Edwards, of Leeds, the Rev. Mr. Plumb, of Nottingham, and other ministers, taking part in the service. He continued for some years to preach in the schoolroom; until afterwards, in 1763, a chapel was built, chiefly at the expense of the Walkers, and opened by Mr. Edwards, of Leeds, on January 1st, 1764. In this chapel Mr. Thorpe exercised his ministry down to the time of his death, which took place on November 8th, 1776. There exists in the present Masbrough Chapel a small marble memorial to the following effect:- . In memory of the Rev. JOHN THORPE, Who (after being thirteen years pastor of a church He was the instrument of gathering in this place) Entered into rest November 8th, 1776, In the 52nd year of his age. He was the father of the Rev. William Thorpe, of Bristol, a very eloquent preacher, and grandfather of the Rev. John Thorpe, whose latest ministry was exercised at Mount Zion Chapel, Sheffield, and who inherited the great talents, and especially the eloquence, of his forefathers, but did not possess their wisdom and goodness. and in 1757 leading the way to a division in Rotherham. at Thorp. “Instead of coming from Wentworth to Thorp From the above it would appear that his conversion had to make merry with sacred things, he regularly attended with profit to his soul, and soon began to assist in the prayer meetings.” That he began to preach at a very early period appears also evident, for Mr. T. Scales heard him preach in 1745, at which period he was a regular local preacher, and was accustomed to go from Rotherham to Cudworth to preach. There is also an account of John Thorpe preaching at Crane Moor (near Wortley) in 1756; taken place, at Thorp, in 1741, and a grievous declension had taken place during his after residence at Rotherham, and so that, on this strange occasion, his “dividing his discourse like a divine who had been accustomed to speak on portions of Scripture" is accounted for by his previous preaching. 13|an of the $eats in the first ſºlaghrough (Tijaprl. \ 265 5s. per year. - i 43 23 22 I Ios. # year. IOS. #year. # I IOS. per year. ;62 per year. 24 2I 2 Ios. 3 year. Ios. # year. : I 7s. per year. 42 25 2O 3 I8s. per year. Ios. Pyear. Ios. tº year. : I 4s, per year. 4I 26 I9 4. I6s. per year. # I IOS. per year. # I IOS. per year. # I 4s. per year. 4O 27 I8 5 I6s. per year. # I 7s. per year. # I 7s. per year. # I per year. 39 28 I7 6 I6s. per year. # I 4s. per year. : I 4s. per year. # I per year. 38 29 I6 7 I6s. per year. : I per year. # I per year. I6s. per year. 37 3O I5 8 I2s. per year. I8s. per year. 18s. per year. I6s. per year. 36 3I I4. 9 I2s. per year. I6s. per year. I6s. per year. I6s. per year. 35 32 I3 IO I2s. per year. I2s. per year. I2s. per year. I2s. per year. 34 33 I2 II I2s. per year. I2s. per year. I2s. per year. I2s. per year. 32ames of $zat-ijølberg in 1764. S. Walker. ſº Ibbotson, 2 Sittings. I e . . - 2 Sittings empty. 2 T. Hinchcliffe. T. Waterhouse, I Sitting. 3 : Gart. Thompson. 2 Sittings empty. 4 T. Whiteley. 5 G. Clark. Rd. Rhodes. 6. Wm. Wood. Mary Bower. S. Walker. | Wm Turner. Jno. Oaks. T. Charlesworth. 2 Sittings empty. | G. Wright. | | { Io Jos. Bagley. Jos. Jethcock. B. Parrot. Wm. Hawley. Jos. Nicholson. I2 Jno. Shay. II T. Bate. {} Brammah. I3 I4 Jno. Berry, &c. I5 Empty {{ Varden. T. Mettam. I6+ Jno. Crooke. 2 Sittings empty. 17 Jno. Rhodes. 18 Jno. Thorpe. 19 Mrs. Booth. 20 Empty. 2I Mrs. Woodcock. 22 Empty. 23 Abm. Smith. 24 Wm. Smith. 25 Geo. Glossop. 26 Empty. Wm. Smith. 27 {} Broadbent. 28 Empty. 29 Ditto. 3o Wm. Poles. R. Swinden. R. Wildsmith. 32 J. Shay and Berry. 33 H. Bradley. 34 Jno. Barber, &c. Edwd. Watson. # Hartley. 36 Geo. Parkin, &c. 37 Wm. Pashley, &c. 8 B. Longley. 3 #. Webster. 3I {{* Naylor. Jos. Burkinshaw. 39 {{.. Kirkby. R. Cutler. 40 | Hanh. Rodger. I Ch. Charles. *isam. Brammah. 42 Empty. 43 Aa. Walker. Mary Cavill. Jno. Silvester. J. Crawshaw. 32 on conformity. 459 wº John Thorpe was succeeded, after about a year, by the Rev. Thomas Grove. During this space of time arrangements had been made for the building of a new chapel. A document, dated May 15th, 1777," is in existence, signed by seven trustees of the old chapel, and witnessed by Ebenezer Elliott, father of Ebenezer Elliott, the Corn-Law Rhymer, and by George Clarke, authorising Mr. Samuel Walker to pull down the old chapel, and build a new one at his own expense, with the assistance of any persons disposed to help him, and by the aid of £300 left for the purpose by Mr. Aaron Walker. Upon his promise to discharge all the costs, he was to be at liberty to take away, for his own use, any material that might not be used up in the new building. This material was carried away and used in the construction of the old Independent Chapel, in Sheffield Road, Barnsley, which was opened in 1778. The new chapel, in Masbrough, was begun perhaps in 1777, and opened for divine service in 1779 or 1780. A certificate or license for the new meeting house, dated July 19th, 1780, is in existence. The trust deeds also are dated in the same year. In the meantime the Rev. Thomas Grove had become pastor of the church, which then consisted of about forty-five members. Soon after this time a house was erected for Mr. Grove, the same in which successive ministers of the church at Masbrough resided as their parsonage, until in the year 1824 it was bought by the college trustees, and became the property of that institution, and the residence of the Principal. The religious history of Mr. Grove was very interesting. He was a native of Wooburn, became a student at Edmund Hall, Oxford, whence, in 1768, he was expelled for praying, reading, and expounding the Scriptures. He returned to Wooburn, and began to preach in his own house, which soon began to be too small. He then fitted up one of his barns as a meeting-house, which was twice enlarged. After continuing thus to labour with much usefulness about nine or ten years, he was invited to become minister at Masbrough Chapel. The letter, containing the call of the church, was signed by Samuel Walker and Benjamin Longley, and is addressed, “To the Rev. and well-beloved Mr. Thomas Grove, minister of the Gospel at Wooburn, Bucks.” Mr. Grove continued pastor from 1777 or 1778 until 1793, when he resigned his office, and removed first to London and afterwards to Walsall. One hundred and seventy-two members were added to the church during his ministry. His removal was a great grief to the church, for he had been very diligent and successful in his work, and had gained their deep respect. Indeed the love he had to his work seemed to be the cause of his leaving it. There were some symptoms of waning prosperity which discouraged him, and failing to remove what he deemed marks of neglect of religious duty, he retired. The congregation earnestly requested him to return. From a meeting held on October 6th, 1793, they sent him a pressing invitation, signed by the deacons, and again another on May 24th, 1794; but he finally declined to resume his ministry at Masbrough. He died at Walsall, where he had long and faithfully laboured, on October 6th, 1817. From this time the history of the college becomes closely connected with that of Masbrough Chapel, and some account of its origin and formation must now be given. When the Act of Uniformity was passed, the same cause which ejected the Noncon- forming clergy from their livings, drove away from their residences and chairs the Puritan heads and tutors of colleges in the two universities, as well as the Puritan students, and also effectually closed the new university which Cromwell had established at Durham. Henceforward the colleges were entirely inaccessible to the Nonconformists. Shortly Masbro', May 15, 1777. * At the request of Mr. Samuel Walker to build a new meeting-house as soon as he conveniently can, in the present meeting-house yard, near his house (of which we are trustees) at his own expense, with the assistance of any person or persons disposed to subscribe thereto, and with the aid of three hundred pounds left to him and his heirs and assigns, to be laid out in that or such other ways as he or they judge proper, for the re-building or support of a dissenting meeting-house in the above place, or for the maintenance of a minister there, by the late Mr. Aaron Walker, we grant leave and agree thereto upon his promise to discharge all such expenses as may arise from the said intended building; and we further agree that whatever materials of the present meeting-house are not or shall not be used for such new intended dissenting meeting-house, the said Mr. S. Walker shall have a right to take away for his own use. - SAML. WALKER, SAML. GREAVES, JAS. BARBER, BENJAMIN LONGLEY, THos. BROADBENT, SAML. WALKER, Jun., JoHN RHODEs. Witness, EB. ELLIOTT, GEO. CLARKE. 460 - - 330th crijam. afterwards an act was passed to make it unlawful for the Nonconformists to educate any man for the ministry, or even to conduct schools for the instruction of children. The object of these unjust and cruel regulations was to extirpate the Nonconformists out of the country. It was intended that as the two thousand ejected clergy must, in the course of nature, all gradually die, an event hastened greatly by the deprivations and persecutions to which they were subjected, so they should die out and leave no successors, inasmuch as no one who did not conform to the Episcopal Church could be educated at all, much less trained for the ministry. But this purpose was defeated. The Nonconformists were not exterminated. They found means to educate their youth. Men fitted for the office of the ministry by gifts of piety, learning, and zeal, never ceased to be found amongst them. Soon after the Revolution, in 1688, and still more extensively, after the accession of the House of Hanover, in 1714, academies, kept by learned and zealous Nonconformist ministers and others, sprang up, and a succession of teachers and pastors never failed. In the north of England, and entering fairly within the limits of this history, the labours of Richard Frankland must be noted. He was born in 1630 at Rathmel, Giggleswick, in Craven, and educated there, and at Christ's College, Cambridge. Converted by the ministry of Mr. Samuel Hammond, he himself preached at Hexham, Northumberland, Houghton Spring, and Lanchester, by Durham. On the 14th September, 1653, he was ordained after the Presbyterian manner, and became minister at Sedgfield, and then at Bishop Auckland, the living of which was given to him by Sir Arthur Haslerig. When the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, founded a college at Durham, Frankland was chosen tutor. William Pell, M.A., who was a Sheffield man, fellow of Magdalen College, and afterwards ejected, in 1662, from Great Stainton, Durham, was also a tutor in the new college. Frankland was ejected from both college and living, and then went to reside on his property at Rathmel. In 1674 he went to Natland, near Kendal, on a call from a Christian Society there, whence he was driven by the Five-mile Act to Dawson Fold, about that distance from Kendal. After several removals he came, in 1686, to Attercliffe, where he had an academy, and thence, in 1689, he returned to Rathmel, where he died, October 1st, 1698, aged sixty-eight years. One of Frankland's students, Mr. Timothy Jollie, became minister at Sheffield, in 1681, and on Frankland's leaving Attercliffe, Jollie succeeded him in his tutorial work, and in December, 1689, he took the Old Hall of his relative, Mr. Spencer, and opened it for the reception of students for the Christian ministry. This, as Hunter says, in MS. “Notes on Sheffield Nonconformity,” was the Attercliffe Academy, so well known to the Dissenters, and from whence issued so many of their ministers during the former half of the eighteenth century. With what number of students Mr. Jollie commenced has not been delivered to me; but Oliver Heywood, in his diary, May, 17oo, says, “Mr. Jollie has at this time twenty-six scholars, and forty more completely qualified, and now employed in the sacred office.” Mr. Jollie continued the academy till his death, that is, for the space of twenty-four years. In a list of fifty-five ministers educated by Jollie, Mr. Hunter specifies Dr. Grosvenor and Dr. Wright, both popular London ministers, Mr. Kirby Reyner of Bristol, Mr. Mottershead of Manchester, Mr. Jennings, the tutor of the Kibworth Academy. Archbishop Secker was sometime a student here, and so also was Nicholas Saunderson, who is said to have left the academy, because the most favourite studies were logic and metaphysics; but mathematics, in which Saunderson especially delighted, were discouraged. He afterwards became Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. In 1714, Mr. John Wadsworth, who had been since 1701 minister of Rotherham, succeeded Mr. Jollie both as pastor at Sheffield and as tutor at Attercliffe, where he had formerly been a student. He did not succeed greatly in his college work, and renounced it altogether. In what year it was closed does not seem stated. He gave up the pastoral office about Christmas, 1744, and died in the following May. It was in 1756, when Arian and Socinian doctrines had widely spread in the Presbyterian Churches of the North, that a number of gentlemen, in London, formed themselves into a society for educating young men for the work of the ministry in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in order “to promote the interests of religion in that part of the kingdom.” 3) Gittortformity. - 461 The Rev. James Scott, of Heckmondwike, was selected as the tutor, and it was arranged that he should receive into his house a number of young men to be instructed in “grammar learning and Biblical studies.” - This Mr. Scott was a remarkable man; a native of Berwickshire, born in 17 Io. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and after finishing his studies, set out on foot, in 1739, with very little money, to find some sphere of ministerial labour in England. After brief service at several places, in the north of England, he came to Heckmondwike, in 1754, and became pastor of a small church there. The Rev. Edward Hitchin, B.D., minister of White Row Chapel, in London, soon after visited Heckmondwike, and made the acquaintance of Scott as a devout and learned man. At that time the state of religion in Yorkshire and the other northern counties was very deplorable. Mr. Hitchin prevailed on several friends, ministers, and laymen to form a society for educating young men for the ministry by means of a theological academy. This was the Northern Education Society, of which Dr. Guyse was chairman, Rev. E. Hitchin, B.D., secretary, and Mr. Webbe, and afterwards Mr. Fuller was treasurer. James Scott was the first tutor. Mr. Scott died in 1783. The next tutor was the Rev. Samuel Walker, of Northowram, near Halifax. This selection was not so happy as the former. For twelve years the London Society continued to sustain and superintend the Academy, notwith- standing much dissatisfaction and disappointment. - Mr. Walker ceased to be supported in his office by the society in 1794. In that year a letter was sent by Mr. Fuller, treasurer of that society, to Mr. Joshua Walker, to inform the ministers and laymen of the Yorkshire churches that the London supporters of the institution would entirely withdraw from its management, and the responsibility of maintaining or of discontinuing the academy was thus thrown on the churches of Yorkshire and adjoining counties. - - The matter was taken up in good earnest by Mr. Joshua Walker, of Rotherham. It so happened that Mr. Fuller's letter reached Mr. Walker about the time when the ministers and representatives of churches were to hold a meeting at Holmfirth, and there Mr. Walker took counsel with the assembly on the subject. The Rev. Mr. Moorhouse, of Hudders- field, prepared a circular to summon a meeting in Leeds, on July 30th, 1794, consisting of twenty ministers and twelve laymen. After many meetings and protracted deliberations, a final meeting was held at Huddersfield, on June 17th, 1795. It was arranged that the institution should be fixed at Rotherham, and that Dr. Edward Williams, who was about to become minister of Masbrough Chapel should be the principal tutor. At the same time it was agreed “that Joshua Walker, Esq., should erect a suitable building, and that for the sum laid out thereon he should receive interest after a given rate.” The following is a description of the original college:—“The building is situated on a gentle eminence near half a mile from the town of Rotherham, and less from the village of Masbrough, surrounded by a garden and pasture grounds, separated only a few yards from the tutor's house, and but a small distance from the place of public worship, with two fronts, one to the S.W., and the other to the N.E. The dimensions are 46 ft. by 28. The lower part consists of two rooms. The hall is 25 ft. by 18. The library is 25 ft. square. The two floors above are divided alike, containing each four lodging rooms and seven studies. The passages run the whole length of the building, five feet wide, with windows at each end, for a plentiful circulation of air. The whole is finished in a neat but plain manner.” The college buildings, erected at Mr. Joshua Walker's expense, were presented by him in a deed of gift to trustees, previous to which he had from year to year returned the whole rent of building, grounds, and gardens, besides making large annual contributions. Dr. Williams continued to fill the office, for which he was so eminently qualified, from the year 1795 till his death, in 1813. During this period he conducted the theological instruction of about fifty students, aided in the classical department by the Rev. Maurice Phillips, and subsequently by the Rev. Joseph Gilbert. Among his pupils were the Rev. John Pye-Smith, D.D., L.L.D., F.R.S., &c., so well known to Europe and America for his learned, scientific, and critical writings, and for so long a period the honoured divinity 462 - 3ädtiſcrijam. tutor in the Old College at Homerton; also the Rev. Thomas Hill, who became classical tutor at Homerton; the Rev. Joseph Gilbert, afterwards classical tutor of Rotherham College, and author of the Congregational lecture on “The Atonement”; the Rev. John Arundel, Home Secretary of the London Missionary Society; the Rev. George Brown, one of the secretaries of the British and Foreign Bible Society; and other ministers of great usefulness, both as writers and as preachers. * - The Rev. Maurice Phillips was the first classical tutor. The institution was deprived of his valuable and indefatigable services in 1811, when he became head master of the Dissenting grammar school at Mill Hill, near London. Rev. Joseph Gilbert was his successor, and he retained the office until, in 1817, he was followed in it by Rev. Thomas Smith, M.A. Dr. Williams did not long survive. Gently and imperceptibly, on the evening of March 9th, 1813, he fell asleep, and rested from his labours, with the blessed that die in the Lord. The funeral was attended by a numerous train of mourners, including the deacons, the students, and ministers of all denominations. The chapel was crowded to excess, while the Rev. James Boden, of Sheffield, conducted the funeral service, and the coffin was deposited in a vault under the pulpit in Masbrough chapel. On the Sabbath following, the Rev. G. Lambert, of Hull, preached a sermon from the text, 2 Kings, ii., 5. Funeral sermons were also preached in the parish church, and in all the chapels in Rotherham, in Sheffield, and in other places. A marble tablet, with the following inscription, composed by Dr. John Pye-Smith, is placed on the interior of the north wall of the chapel: To the revered memory of Edward Williams, D.D., for eighteen years the faithful pastor of this church, and theological tutor of the Independent Academy; having previously filled similar stations with great usefulness and honour as a pastor at ROSS, Oswestry, and Birmingham, and as a tutor at Oswestry. His eminent talents and admirable acquirements were devoted with holy ardour and assiduity to the investigation, confirmation, and diffusion of the eternal principles of divine rectitude and benevolence, for the honour of God and the noblest good of man. He was born Nov. 14, 1750, and died March 9, 1813. This memorial of gratitude and affectionate respect was erected by those who had been trained up by him to the office of the Christian ministry. - An excellent portrait of him was presented to the Institution by the students. It now hangs in the council room in the new College. - Dr. Williams's character as a man, as a minister, as a writer, and as a tutor, has been skilfully delineated by the Rev. Joseph Gilbert, his former student and colleague, who knew and loved him well, and who was fitted to sympathise in all his theological profundity, as well as in the virtues of his social and domestic life. “By his various knowledge, his liberal views, the simplicity of his character, his gentleness and urbanity of manners, his fervent pervading piety; by his consistency and blamelessness of deportment, his solid judgment, his catholic principles, his public spirit, and his intimate familiarity with questions relating to theology, Dr. Williams was qualified in no common degree for the office of a tutor of young men for the Christian ministry. The confidence reposed in him while yet young, by Dr. Davies, his tutor, who had the best opportunity of knowing him, has been recorded in his biography, and the number of years during which he continued to discharge that important duty with honour to himself, to the satisfaction of patrons and friends, and the benefit of the churches, amply confirms the original estimate of his character and powers. If ‘the memory of the just is blessed,’ and ‘the righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance, the name, the virtues, and the talents of Dr. Edward Williams ought to be dear to the church.” The following is a complete list of Dr. Williams's works: Social Religion Exemplified, in an account of the first settlement of Christianity in the city of Caerludd ; in several Dialogues. Written originally by the Rev. Matthias Morrice. The fourth edition. Revised, corrected and abridged ; with Occasional notes, a copious index, and a preface, containing some account of the author. I2mo, Shrewsbury : 1786. * “Memoir of the Life and Writings of Rev. Edward important parts of Theological Science.” By Joseph Williams, D.D., with an appendix, including remarks on Gilbert. 8vo. London: 1825. 32 on comfor mitg. . 463 Antipaedobaptism Examined : or a strict and impartial inquiry into the nature and design, subjects and mode of Baptism. 2 vols., 12mo, Shrewsbury : 1789. * - A Discourse on the influence of Religious Practice upon Our inquiries after Truth ; with an Appendix addressed to the Rev. Mr. Belsham. 8vo. Shrewsbury : 1791. A Discourse on the Christian's Reasons for Glorying in the Cross of Christ: Containing a Vindication of Christian Societies and Ministers who insist on the great importance of preaching Christ crucified. 8vo. Shrewsbury: 1792. : - An Account of Rotherham Academy. I2mo, I797. , The Duties of the Christian Pastor, and the requisite qualifications for discharging them aright: a Charge, delivered September 17th, 1800, at the Independent Chapel, Doncaster, at the public separation of the Rev. Samuel Bradley, to the Pastoral Office. 8vo. Doncaster, 18OO. The Certainty of the Resurrection; argued from the nature of Christ's Mediatorial King- dom. A Sermon, preached at Castlegate, Nottingham, May 5, 1802, before an Association of Ministers, and printed at their request. 8vo. Rotherham : 1802. . The Works of the Rev. P. Doddridge, D.D., in five volumes. [Edited by Edward Williams and Edward Parsons.] 8vo. Leeds: 18O3. Predestination to Life: a Sermon preached at Lee Croft, Sheffield, April 1804, before an Association of Ministers, and published by request. 8vo. Rotherham, N.D. The Works of President Edwards, in eight volumes. [Edited by Edward Williams and Edward Parsons.] 8vo. Leeds, 1806. Christian Unanimity: a Sermon preached before the Annual Meeting of the General Congregational Union, May, I808. - An Essay on the Equity of Divine Government, and the Sovereignty of Divine Grace. 8vo. London: 1809. Second Edition, re-written. 8vo. London : 1813. On the necessity of National Reformation to avert National Ruin: a Sermon preached 8th February, 1809, the day appointed for a General Fast. A Defence of Modern Calvinism : containing an Examination of the Bishop of Lincoln's Work, entitled a “Refutation of Calvinism.” 8vo., I812. *, Sermons and Charges, 8vo, 1817. . - The Christian Preacher: or Discourses on Preaching, by several eminent Divines, English and Foreign; revised and abridged; with an appendix on the choice of books. Printed for J. Fawcett, Ewood Hall, near Halifax. I2mo, I824. Apostolic Zeal Recommended : a Sermon preached at the eleventh general meeting of the Missionary Society. Apostolic Benevolence towards the Jews recommended for imitation : a Sermon preached at the request of the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews. The Evil and Danger of Envy : a Sermon. The Wiles of Seducers : a Sermon. The Value of Revealed Religion : a Sermon. - Missionary Advice and Encouragement: a Charge addressed to the Missionaries, on Occasion of their designation to the islands of the South Sea. The Christian Minister's Main Study: a Charge delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. John Hawksley. An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews; with the Preliminary Exercitations. By John Owen, D.D. Revised and abridged ; with a full and interesting Life of the Author, a copious index, &c.; with an Appendix containing two letters, the one to Dr. Priestley, and the other to Mr. David Levi, respecting this work; by Edward Williams, D.D. 4 vols. An Edition of Dr. Watts' Hymns. A Collection of Hymns as Supplement to ditto. Syllabus of Theological Lectures. [Not published.] A Help to Christian Fellowship : or, Scriptural Directions and Rules to be observed by Members of Christian Societies, especially those of the Independent Denomination, as greatly contributing to their consistency, usefulness, and comfort. An Essay on Christian Education : addressed to Christian Parents and Teachers. The Evangelical Catechist : in three parts: Part I. The Young Child's First Catechism. II. The Scripture Catechism. III. The Older Child's Catechism. Dissertations on Moral Science, Philosophy, and Theology. After the decease of Dr. Williams, his offices as pastor at Masbrough Chapel and as principal of the college, were filled by the Rev. James Bennett. He was born in London, May 22nd, 1774, educated for the ministry at Gosport, under Dr. Bogue, became pastor of the church at Romsey, Hants, in 1796. Here he became a popular and useful preacher, extending his ministerial labours to Scotland and Ireland. Here also he wrote much for the 464 33 otherham. press, and published his “Life of Risdon Darracott,” and, in conjunction with Dr. Bogue, a “History of Dissenters.” He removed to Rotherham in 1813. He was very successful as a minister, in meeting the needs both of the educated and the uneducated portions of his congregation. His frequent visits to the villages around Rotherham were highly valued. Several village chapels were built, and congregations gathered, by the students under his direction, as at Ecclesfield, Swinton, Rawmarsh, and other places. He published a “Life of Dr. Bogue,” and also a series of lectures preached to his congregation, on “The History of Christ,” in two volumes, and numerous single sermons. During the presidency of Dr. Bennett, from 1813 to 1828–9, the premises and arrangements of the college underwent important alterations. The building was enlarged nearly one-half; a house for the resident tutor was purchased, and the domestic management was entrusted to a matron under the control of the committee, instead of, as before, the students living as boarders with the theological tutor. The house was enlarged to accommodate twenty-one students, by the addition of eight new studies, and as many lodging-rooms, at an expense for building and furnishing of £1,250. Dr. Bennett resigned his office in 1828. After long bearing up under bad health, he at length found himself unequal to the duties connected with his two offices, and was induced to accept the pastoral care of the church in Silver Street, London. For more than fifteen years he had faithfully and diligently served the institution, during which time about seventy students had been under his care; amongst whom may be mentioned the Rev. Dr. John Hoppus, Professor of Logic, &c., in University College, London, and the Rev. Dr. B. B. Haigh, Principal of Bramham School, Yorkshire. Dr. Bennett's chapel in Silver Street, was an old, dilapidated Nonconformist building, held on lease. After some years, a new chapel on freehold site was built for him in Falcon Square, in which he continued to minister with great ability until long past his eightieth year. In his chapel in Silver Street, he delivered a course of lectures on “Infidelity,” after which he engaged in a remarkable controversy with infidels. Both the lectures and discussions were published, and widely read. He published also a supplementary volume to his lectures on the “History of Christ,” also a work on “Justification,” and lectures on the “Acts of the Apostles,” and his Congregational lecture on “The Theology of the early Christian Fathers.” He died on December 4th, 1862. A handsome tablet to his memory has been placed in Masbrough Chapel. The Rev. Clement Perrot succeeded Dr. Bennett in both his offices. Mr. Perrot was born in Jersey, August, 1787. He came to Rotherham from Guernsey, where he had been pastor of a church since 1811. From the time when he had finished his preparatory studies for the ministry, under Dr. Bogue, of Gosport, in 1808, to the time of his settlement in Guernsey, he had been engaged, in conjunction with his brother Francis, in Jersey, in ministerial labours, which seem to have been very abundant and successful. By the divine blessing on their work, many persons in different parts of the Channel Islands were awakened to a sense of divine things. Churches were formed, and they had the happiness to dispense the Word of Life to large congregations. In the space of twenty years ten chapels were erected, containing above five thousand hearers. There were three churches in Jersey, and three in Guernsey, composed of nearly one thousand communicants. Mr. Perrot entered on his offices at Masbrough, in March, 1829. But neither as pastor nor as tutor does his work seem to have been so happy in Rotherham as it had been in the Channel Islands. He resigned in 1834, with expressions of unfeigned respect from the constituents of the college. He returned to Guernsey, where he died April 23rd, 1849, aged sixty-two years. - During Mr. Perrot's ministry the chapel was altered by extending the front of the building. The gallery was considerably enlarged. The new part was supported on pillars, and formed a spacious porch and lobby, which was afterwards enclosed with glass. The re-opening services, after the alterations, were held on January 1st, 1831. The next principal of the college and pastor of the Masbrough church was the Rev. W. H. Stowell, who entered on his duties in 1834. Mr. Stowell was a native of the Isle of Man, and was born June 19th, 1800. He was educated for the ministry at Blackburn, by the Rev. Dr. Joseph Fletcher, and, at the close of his college course, became pastor of pontanformity. 465 St. Andrew's Chapel, North Shields. He was known as a minister of versatile talents and varied accomplishments. He had published several small works, which gave promise of greater productions,—“Lectures on the Ten Commandments,” “The Missionary Church,” &c. During his stay in Rotherham he was made D.D. of Glasgow University, and published his ablest book, being a series of the Congregational Lectures for 1849, “On the work of the Holy Spirit.” He also wrote a “History of Greece,” “Lives of celebrated Greeks,” “Life of Mohammed,” and other works for the Religious Tract Society. For some years he was editor of the “Eclectic Review,” and he wrote a considerable number of articles for the “British Quarterly Review,” and other publications. In the year 1841, the college was incorporated by Royal Warrant with the University of London, which was authorized to confer degrees upon its students on examination. In 1845 interesting services were held in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the college at Rotherham. On Lord's day, June 29th, sermons were preached, on behalf of the college, by the Rev. J. Gilbert, of Nottingham, at Queen Street Chapel, Sheffield; and by the Rev. G. Redford, D.D., LL.D., of Worcester, at Masbrough; and also at Nether Chapel, Sheffield. On Monday evening, June 30th, a social tea meeting of the friends of the college was held in Queen Street Schoolroom, Sheffield, the Rev. Thomas Smith, A.M., in the chair. On Tuesday morning, July 1st, a party of more than four hundred ladies and gentlemen, amongst whom were about one hundred ministers and students, breakfasted together in Masbrough Chapel Schoolroom, after which, an address was delivered to the students by Dr. Redford. The Rev. Samuel McAll then proceeded to present to the college, in the name of the ministers and students educated by Dr. Stowell and Mr. Smith, two excellent portraits of their tutors, executed in oil colours by H. P. Parker, and placed in costly gilt frames. On Tuesday evening, a sermon was preached to a crowded congregation in Masbrough Chapel, by Dr. Bennett, from 2 Cor. iii., 6, “Who also hath made us able ministers of the New Testament.” The sermon was followed by the Communion of the Lord's Supper, celebrated by a large body of Christians of all denominations; Dr. Bennett presided, and addresses were delivered by the Revs. R. Fletcher, Thomas Stratten, and James Pridie. On Wednesday morning, July 2nd, at seven o’clock, a prayer meeting was held, over which the Rev. John Hammond, of Handsworth, presided; and at eleven o’clock, the Rev. James Parsons, of York, preached a sermon from the text, Daniel xii., 3. The public jubilee meeting was held on Wednesday evening, in Masbrough chapel. An unusually spacious platform was filled by the senior ministers educated in the College, by present and former tutors, and by ministers and gentlemen from a distance. Edward Baines, Esq., jun., of Leeds, occupied the chair. The speakers were the Rev. J. Ely, Rev. Thomas Scales, Rev. Joseph Gilbert, Rev. W. Glossop, Rev. Walter Scott, Rev. E. Davies, Rev. Thomas Stratten, Rev. G. B. Kidd, Thomas Burnley, Esq., Thomas Herbert, Esq., and Rev. W. H. Stowell. At these various services, hymns, composed for the occasion by James Montgomery, Mrs. Gilbert, and Mrs. Henry Walker were sung. The jubilee contributions amounted to upwards of £1,000, which Sum was expended in liquidation of a debt, and in alterations and improvements in the college, that tended greatly to the health and comfort of the students. About this time, a parcel of land contiguous to the premises of the college, and which had been enjoyed for many years as a place of exercise for the students, on the payment of an annual rental, so changed hands, as to render it necessary for the committee to purchase it, which they did at a cost of nearly £500. The completeness and integrity of the college premises were thus secured, and all annoyance from a right of road through the college premises was extinguished. * In 1848 began a series of difficulties and embarrassments in the college previously unknown. Owing to a change in the investment of the funded property, which had been gradually accumulated by donations and bequests, this source of income became quite unproductive, and at the same time, owing to various causes, the annual subscriptions were considerably diminished, so that in June, 1850, there was a debt against the college of nearly £900. At the annual meeting in June, 1850, the Rev. Thomas Smith, A.M., gave in his resignation of his office as classical tutor. . 59 466 33 otherham. The next session (1850–1851) opened in September as usual under the presidency of Dr. Stowell, but without a colleague, with only seven students, and the institution under pecuniary embarrassment. Dr. Stowell undertook the superintendence of the instruction of the students in both the literary and the theological departments; but soon a more important change occurred. At Christmas of the same year, Dr. Stowell resigned his office of theological tutor, to become the successor of Dr. Harris, as president of Cheshunt College. He died, in London, January 2nd, 1858. About a year before his removal from Rotherham (in July, 1849) Dr. Stowell had resigned the pastorate of the church at Masbrough, which had hitherto been held in conjunction with the tutorship. Henceforth therefore the history of the college and of the church at Masbrough must be kept distinct. At this time the troubles of the college brought matters nearly to a crisis. The committee had already entered into negotiations with the managers of Airedale College, Bradford, to unite the two institutions, and had actually resolved to recommend that step to the trustees and supporters. The measure seemed all the more expedient now when the college was without tutors, had very few students, and was crippled by financial difficulties. Still the committee were bound to make provision for carrying it on until permanent arrangements could be made. In these circumstances they invited the Rev. F. J. Falding, M.A., formerly a student at Rotherham, and afterwards at Glasgow University; but at that time pastor of New Road Church, Bury, Lancashire, to take temporary charge of the college. This he did as sole tutor from January, 1851, to June, 1852, when the affairs of the college became much improved. The proposal to unite with Airedale had been negatived, and the constituents had resolved to uphold and maintain the old institution. Dr. Falding was appointed principal, with Rev. Thomas Clarke, M.A., as classical tutor. In 1854, Mr. Clarke was appointed head master of the Taunton Proprietory School, and the Rev. C. C. Tyte succeeded him in his office at Rotherham. About Christmas, 1860, parts of the college premises were destroyed by an accident, and in planning for their restoration, the question of union with Airedale was again revived. The proposal was frequently discussed at meetings, and through the press, until at length, in 1872, it was finally abandoned. In 1869, a beautiful plot of ground in Moorgate had been purchased, and plans for a new building had been prepared, but laid aside until the final settlement of the much-disputed amalgamation. At length, on the 23rd of April, 1874, the memorial stone of the New College was laid by James Yates, Esq., J.P., D.L., the treasurer, in the presence of a great concourse of people, including a large number of ministers from the neighbourhood, and of former students of the college, gathered from all parts of the country. The splendid weather admitted of full services on the ground, conducted by the Revs. James Parsons, J. C. Harrison, Dr. Mellor, Dr. Raleigh, Dr. Stoughton, and other gentlemen. On the 20th of September, 1876, the new building was opened with appropriate services. On the previous Sunday, September 17th, sermons were preached, and collections made in nearly all the Nonconformist chapels in the town, by ministers of various churches. On Monday evening, a united communion service was held in Masbrough Chapel. On Tuesday noon, a reunion of about eighty former and present students of the college took place. In the evening, a sermon was preached by Dr. Mellor, in the Doncaster Road Church. On the opening day the weather was again most beautiful, and a large assembly of people met to witness the opening ceremony. On the terrace, in front of the main entrance to the college, the first service was held. After divine worship, the Rev. R. Bruce, M.A., delivered an inaugural discourse, and the Rev. William Crosbie, M.A., LL.B., offered the dedication prayer. Then Mr. Pite, on behalf of the architects, Habershon, Pite, and Co., of London, handed over the buildings to Mr. Yates, as chairman of the building committee. Mr. Yates then presented a silver key to John Crossley, Esq., M.P. A procession round the buildings having been made, Mr. Crossley unlocked the door and declared the New College open. The first business meeting of the governors then took place in the library. At a public meeting, held after dinner, in the Drill Hall, in which more than three hundred persons took part, addresses were given by Henry Lee, Esq., chairman, Dr. Stoughton, Rev. James Parsons, Dr. Falding, Dr. Campbell, the Mayor of Rotherham, ºſ 31101) ſur， qu§ ff.) 0 \\ dosae， onſ omae ¿ %%%%%%% //////, %% ■ ' '） *：- "ſt， （…， •• - - - ---，}}›‹N %¿¿}~~X}}¿ºff;%|§§§§ſ}}}, , , ，}}|-§§ %%%%%%%%%{}\\ſ*（?:\ſ)*ſ');%ſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſ№ſſºſ;%W-№ºn）,…’|-\\{\\§§ ‰|-|-???A?*, \,%/w/%'fºſſſſſſſſ|}}}- ſ%%%。（¿ ſſſſſſſſſſſſſ////%%%%·ſſſſſſſſſſſſ:&#### %%|-*/, / %%%%%Źź·· |-， |---~--~~~~ſae, · 32 on tº mfor mitg. 467 (B. E. C. Chambers, Esq.), John Crossley, Esq., M.P., S. Plimsoll, Esq., M.P., James Yates, Esq., J.P., Thomas Coote, Esq., J.P., W. H. Conyers, Esq., and others. The cost, including land, furnishing, and professional charges, amounted to £26,000. Accommodation is provided for thirty students, each having two rooms. There are also apartments for the matron and servants, with all domestic conveniences, a spacious dining hall, library, council room, tutors' room, class rooms, and sick and convalescent rooms, and a commodious residence for the Principal. Returning now to Masbrough Chapel, Dr. Stowell, who resigned the pastorate in 1849, was succeeded by the Rev. Alexander Raleigh, in August, 1850. Mr. Raleigh was educated for the ministry at Blackburn and Lancashire College. He had been minister at Greenock, but was laid aside by ill-health. He remained at Masbrough until April, 1855, when he removed to Glasgow to succeed the late Dr. Wardlaw. Dr. Raleigh is now pastor of a church in Kensington, London. The next pastor at Masbrough was the Rev. J. M. Charlton, M.A., who was born at Kendal, March 25th, 1817, and was educated at Highbury College. He came to Rotherham from Totteridge, Herts, where he had been minister for twelve years. He entered on the pastorate, at Masbrough, in February, 1856; but in April of the following year he resigned the office, and became Principal of the Western College, Plymouth, where he remained working with much honour and success until his death, December 12th, 1875, in the fifty-eighth year of his age. The Rev. Isaac Vaughan succeeded him in June, 1858. After a ministry lasting exactly seven years he resigned, and was succeeded in May, 1866, by the Rev. W. J. Gates from Aylesbury, who held the pastorate from that date until July, 1878, when he removed to London. When Mr. Vaughan relinquished the pastorate at Masbrough, a considerable part of the congregation separated with him, and began to hold services in the Mechanics’ Hall, in Rotherham. They worshipped in that place from July 2nd, 1865, until a new church could be built for them. The foundation stone of the Rotherham Congregational Church, at the head of Doncastergate, was laid on May 3rd, 1866, and the completed building was opened April 17th, 1867. Meanwhile, however, Mr. Vaughan died, July 24th, 1866. In December of the same year the Rev. J. W. Richardson, educated at Rotherham College, and for many years minister of Tottenham Court Road Chapel, London, succeeded him, and was the first minister of the new chapel. He removed to London in March, 1869. Excellent Sunday school premises had been erected the previous year. The Rev. P. C. Barker, M.A., LL.B., was minister of the church from May 29th, 1870, to October, 1878. The present minister is the Rev. J. M. Morant, B.A., who entered on his duties April 6th, 1879. A Baptist Church existed on Masbrough Common in the year 1789, as is shown by a copy of “Register of Births” and by a “List of Members ” in fellowship in 1790, now in the care of the deacons of the Baptist Church in Westgate. - The “Register of Births” begins September 2nd, 1789, and ends July 18th, 1824. It appears also that in 1790 the pastor of the congregation was Mr. Benjamin Dickinson. There were about twenty-one members in that year, but, when the church was formed, and how and by whom the property on Masbrough Common was acquired, there are no records to show. In the year 1793 a Baptist Church, meeting in Sheffield, was dissolved, and some of the members residing in that town became connected with the Masbrough congregation. They were in the habit of coming from Sheffield to Masbrough on the first Sunday in the month for the Communion Service. This they did until the year 1804, when a Baptist Society was again formed in Sheffield, and they ceased their connection with the Masbrough Church. Rev. William Welsh was pastor at Masbrough in 1829. In 1835 Mr. William Matthews was minister. His name is attached to an agreement made November 23rd, by the Baptist Society to close their graveyard, except to members of their church. Mr. Hudson was subsequently pastor. 468 - 330th crijam. On April 27th, 1836, the foundation stone of a new chapel was laid, in Westgate, by the Rev. David Clark, of Dronfield. The Rev. Charles Larom, of Sheffield, who was the principal means of obtaining the funds, and who took a leading part in the movement, delivered an address on the occasion. In April of the following year, 1837, the new chapel was opened, when the services were conducted by Revs. M. Fisher, of Liverpool; J. Aldis, of Manchester; C. Larom, of Sheffield; Baptist ministers; and by Revs. S. McAll, of Doncaster, and W. H. Stowell, of Rotherham; Independent ministers. The church was formed on the 22nd of June, 1837, and consisted of twenty-six persons, some of whom had been members of the church on Masbrough Common. The Rev. James Buck, who had commenced his ministerial work in the old place of meeting, was ordained pastor of the newly-formed church, on June 28th, in the same year. He resigned in January, 1841. The following is a list of the succeeding pastors:— Rev. David Peacock, from May, 1841, to December, 1842. » John Sissons, from July, 1844, to August, 1848. ,, Amos Dyson, from December, 1848, to 1855. ,, Joseph Ashmead, from May, 1856, to 1863. ,, James Arnold, 1864, to 1866. ,, George Whitehead, 1867, to 1872. ,, Henry Bonner, 1873, to 1876. About the year 1859, the Westgate Chapel was considerably improved, and commodious school rooms were erected at a cost of £1,000. The present minister is the Rev. John Harper, who entered on his duties in October, 1876. [This Historic Notice of Nonconformity, for which we are indebted to Dr. Falding, may be fitly closed by a remark or two which the present writer is enabled to make from his own knowledge of it, extending over seventy years. Its course has during that period been generally constant and equable. During the great activity and prosperity of Walkers' works, early in the century, their workmen, not only resident, but from the neighbouring places, largely composed the Independent congregation; and next afterwards, during the vigorous and vigilant pastorate of Dr. Bennett, its operations may be said to have been most energetic and aggressive, necessarily maintained, if not initiated by the free village ministrations of the students of the college. And it must be thankfully remembered that to this instrumentality the surrounding villages owe much to this day for the efforts put forth to promote the moral elevation and religious instruction of the people. The increased number of labourers, which the new college is already supplying, will be more effectually proportionate to the vastly increased extent of the vineyard.] 3) On conform itp. 469 (Liſt ſºullis $rijmſ. For the education of the poorer families among the Nonconformists, schools were established and endowed from an early date in connection with a good many of the Dissenting meeting-houses. So that for a period exceeding one hundred and fifty years, there have existed side by side with the old Presbyterian (now Unitarian) Chapels, charity schools and other educational provisions for elementary instruction. In this neighbourhood the family of Hollis, which sprung from Rotherham, and afterwards acquired considerable wealth in Sheffield and London, was conspicuous for an enlightened promotion and liberal endowment of education for the benefit of the working and poorer classes. Thomas Hollis, senior, founded schools at Sheffield, Rotherham, and Doncaster. The tablet fixed over the door of the Hollis School, Rotherham, bears the following inscription :— In the Year 1702 A school for the education of Poor Children In Rotherham was endowed by THOMAS HOLLIS, SENR." Of London, and afterwards by his Descendants. And in 1789 THIS BUILDING was erected, and the school further endowed for the same purpose, by the Contributions of several of the Trustees and other Protestant Dissenters. By like VOLUNTARY EFFORTs to the above, the Upper Room, Turret, and other parts were added in I862. This charity originally provided for the education of thirty poor children, fifteen boys and fifteen girls, belonging to the parish of Rotherham. The minister of the chapel, for the time being, is the governor, and admits the children on the free list of the charity. The following is a copy of the old rules of the school, a printed copy of which was usually given to the parents of all the children at their admittance. 3Rule 3. I. The time for the children remaining on this charity shall be three years; during which they shall attend regularly at the school, clean, and in as decent apparel as the circumstances of their parents will admit of. If any child is absent from the school more than thirteen days in a quarter (except that in which the harvest falls), unless a sufficient reason is assigned at the time by the parents, they shall be excluded. II. The children shall attend the Sunday school and public worship every Lord's day, both in the morning and afternoon. If any of them are absent more than three Sabbaths, unless their parents assign a sufficient reason for it, they will be excluded. III. It being the design of this institution to “train up a child in the way he should go,” the managers will pay attention to the moral conduct of the children out of the school hours; and if any of them are found guilty of profane Swearing, lying, pilfering, or playing about in the streets or fields during any part of the Lord's day, &c., they shall undergo such chastisement as their crime appears to the master or governors to deserve. - Egº” It is hoped that parents will attentively observe the foregoing rules; and cheerfully lend their assistance to the master and manager of the school in forming their children to those habits of regularity and goodness which they are intended to produce. For a long period of years since its foundation, this Hollis School supplied, in conjunction with the Feoffees’ School, all the provision of elementary education in Rotherham. What the Grammar School did for the children of the richer class, the Hollis 47O 330th crijam. School provided for those of the poorer classes. And long prior to the establishment of the British, the National, and Wesleyan Day Schools, the Hollis School furnished the needed popular instruction free from all sectarian differences. This unsectarian character the Hollis School has maintained throughout its long career; and prior to the establishment of their own day schools even the Catholics were accustomed to send their children for week-day instruction to the school founded by good old Thomas Hollis. This school appears also to have become early noted for the excellent character of the instruction afforded to the scholars, and in consequence many children have been educated within its walls whose parents could not certainly be designated as answering to the description of “poor” on the tablet. In fact, the inadequacy of the endowment to maintain altogether the teachers, necessitated the admission of pay scholars to the school along with the “free scholars” on the charity. And it was during the long mastership of old Joseph Ramsbotham that Mr. Elliott, the father of the “Corn-law Rhymer,” who had then a shop in High Street, sent his son, Ebenezer, as a pay-scholar to the Hollis School, Since the passing of the Education Act, this school has been placed under the conditions and advantages of Government inspection and grants. The Conscience Clause now replaces the old rules. The accommodation provides for seventy-two boys and seventy-two girls, and the average attendance allowed of 144 is well kept up. The Education Grant for 1877 was £119 Is. WILLIAM BLAzEBY, B.A., Governor. The old Presbyterian Chapel, or Protestant Dissenters' Meeting-house Oli ſãctiºnism: §jn litotijerijam amt the neighbouring Tjillage3. “Call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions.”— Heb. X., 32. known of it in Rotherham and the neighbourhood at the same period. The facts of what is here given, are mainly derived from it; and they are stated in the original form, and words, as far as necessary condensation sººn. will permit, and without further indication of their being so derived. ºf 9 * * It is only by contemplating, with mingled feelings of astonishment º and thankfulness, the “great fight of afflictions” waged aforetime against brutal violence on the one hand, and blindest bigotry on the other, that any adequate estimate can be formed of the true value of the unbroken peace, and Christian privileges which are now enjoyed, and which were won for us in all their preciousness and plenitude, by the sufferings then patiently endured, and the conflict then stedfastly and successfully maintained. The realization now, even of the promised period “when every man should worship God under his own vine, and under his own fig tree, none daring to make him afraid.” Rotherham was one of the dark places where the introduction of the new religion was stoutly opposed. Even when Whitefield and Wesley, besides others of lesser note, attempted, as was their wont, to address the people, their message was generally treated with contempt, and their persons were subjected too often to cowardly violence. “Into a world of ruffians sent, I walk on hostile ground,” was then too literally the painful experience of these pioneers of gospel truth." At this day it seems incredible that men of their condition, and eminently consistent conduct, could be exposed to open outrage without the interference of civil power. * The re-production of recorded events to illustrate and “May 25, 1743,” says Mr. Charles Wesley, “In the confirm such statements is necessary. Mr. Everett's afternoon I came to the flock at Sheffield, who are as excellent book is in few hands, and the following abbre- sheep among wolves; at six o'clock I went to the society’s viated extracts from it will show to those whose attention house. Hell from beneath was moved to oppose us. As has not been drawn in this direction, to what a desperate soon as I went to the desk, the floods began to lift up extent the spirit of persecution raged in this neighbourhood. their voice. An officer in the army contradicted and One, out of many, at Sheffield, and one at Thorpe, must blasphemed. I took no notice of him, but sang on. The suffice. stones flew thick, striking the desk and the people. To 472 - 33 otherham. It was in 1738, that the parents of Mr. Birks, of whom mention will be made afterwards, being on a visit to some relations at Heeley, heard David Taylor for themselves, of whose ministry they had before heard, and who is described as “an itinerant preacher out of Leicestershire,” then at Sheffield, but having no connexion with Mr. Wesley. They were so impressed in his favour that they gave him an invitation to Thorp. A horse was sent for him on the day appointed, by their son, Samuel, and thus David Taylor commenced as an itinerant preacher. The people of the village and neighbourhood were apprised of the visit and its object, and the barn was prepared for the service. Singing, prayer, and preaching then consecrated the barn, in connection with Methodism, as a temple, however rude, for the public worship of God. Thorp is mentioned by Archbishop Rotherham several hundred years before “ as my cotage at Thorp,” and now brings us into acquaintance with the first preaching place, the first itinerant preacher, and the first open house for their hospitable reception in these parts. Barley Hall, then the residence of Mr. Samuel Birks, for many years the frequent and favourite home of John Wesley on his apostolic journeyings, ought to be held in remembrance and reverence by Wesleyan Methodists in this district, to the end of time. Mr. David Taylor's ministry at Sheffield seems to have been effectual in warning sinners to flee from the wrath to come, and in that condition it left them; and too often, in Mr. Wesley's words, “the greater part fell asleep again.” But amongst the few who were religiously impressed, and whose impressions were permanent, were the mother and an aunt of Mrs. Green of Rotherham. - In 1741, David Taylor was labouring with all his might, under the name of a Methodist; John Nelson came into the neighbourhood to assist him. Mr. Birks recollects hearing the latter preach at his father's house at Thorp. Before he placed his second foot within the doorway he pronounced his usual salutation, “Peace be to this house and all that dwell therein.” . Amongst the first who became decidedly serious at Thorp was Mr. William Green, who afterwards went to Sheffield, and finally settled at Rotherham. He was born at Pibley Lane, near Mansfield. His youthful days were spent at Tankersley. He taught a school at Thorp, became a useful Methodist leader and local preacher, and the husband of that sainted woman, Mrs. Green. It will be sufficient to mention in connection with this early introduction of Methodism into Rotherham, through the humble vestibule of the village of Thorp, that amongst the constant hearers of David Taylor, at Thorp, was John Thorpe, who is said to have met in class some time in Rotherham afterwards, and who it would appear after a sad relapse, and a marvellous restoration to Christian life and to the Church of Christ, became known as the Rev. John Thorpe, the first minister of the Independent meeting house at Masbrough, of which particulars have already been given. In 1742, Mr. Wesley came down for the first time to Sheffield, attracted by what he had heard of David Taylor's usefulness there, and was constrained to preach twice, and laments David's neglect in not attending to the people after they were awakened. He afterwards rode to Barley Hall and preached there, and again at five o'clock in the morning, but had not half finished his discourse when he was constrained to break off from preaching; his own and the hearts of the people were so filled with a sense of the love of God, and their mouths with prayer and thanksgiving; and afterwards he went save them and the house from being pulled down, I gave out that I should preach in the street, and look them in the face " * * The rioters, headed by this enfuriated captain, who drew his sword, and placed the point against Mr. Wesley's breast, who opened his shirt, continued their violence, and the next day not one stone was left upon another.” - - May 27. Mr, Charles Wesley preached at Sheffield, at five o'clock in the morning. “David Taylor,” he says, “informed me that the people of Thorp, through which we should pass (to Barley Hall), were exceedingly mad against us. So we found them as we approached the place, and were turning down the lane to Barley Hall. The ambush arose, and assaulted us with stones, eggs, and dirt. My horse flew from side to side, till he found his way through them. They wounded David Taylor on the forehead, and the wound bled much. I turned back, and asked them what was the reason a clergyman could not pass without such treatment. At first the rioters scattered, but their captain, rallying them, answered with horrid imprecations and stones. My horse took fright, and turned away with me down a steep hill. The enemy pursued me, shouting. Blessed be God, I received no hurt, only from the eggs and dirt. My clothes indeed abhorred me, and my arm pained me a little from a blow I received at Sheffield.”—“Charles Wesley's Life,” pp. 153-156. This, it will be seen, was five years after the first favourable reception of Methodism in the same place. A - ©In ſºlethanism. 473 on to call sinners to the salvation ready to be revealed. This notice of the advent of Methodism into this neighbourhood must suffice. * Miss Jane Holmes, who afterwards became Mrs. Green of Rotherham, and one of the brightest ornaments in the annals of Methodism, was a member of the society at Sheffield, when it did not exceed a dozen persons. Losing her father when she was but five years old, her mother's care seems to have saved her from light and frivolous conduct, and her youthful mind seems to have been early impressed with sacred subjects. Her mother's second marriage at about her eleventh year of age exposed her to a dangerous change. At the dancing school to which she was sent, in the gay and thoughtless company she met there, she lost the serious tone of feeling she had hitherto enjoyed. She had, under the pretence of relaxation in a delicate state of health, to run the risk of the evil allurements of the racecourse and the theatre, and was in danger of being given up to the world, when the conversion of her aunt Bayley, and her conversation with her, saved her from this calamity. Mrs. Bayley seems to have wisely introduced her into serious society, and at a time when the preacher was present. In the social love they shared in each other's society, she felt that they possessed an enjoyment of which she was destitute. The fears she laboured under lest any change in her religious life, should estrange her from the favour of the clergy with whom she was intimately connected on the one hand, and the convictions under which she also laboured on the other, that the regeneration which was so earnestly urged as necessary to salvation had not been experienced by her, were the occasion of a long period of agonizing conflict betwixt contrition of soul and proud rebellious unbelief—ending, through mercy, in the full assurance of Divine life. She was subjected to great reproach from her father-in-law, and to temptations from an uncle in London, of advantageous offers, if she would renounce Methodism; against all which she was proof, and against other snares to which her higher condition in life exposed her. Her choice involved great trial and tribulation, and even risk of personal violence— having to witness it from the mob towards the preachers, when they were pulled down from the stand, and their clothes were torn to shreds. Yet she was enabled to resist temptation, and even to endure outrage and indignity, and to rejoice with joy unspeakable in the choice she had made. Such is a glimpse of the early life of this eminent Christian woman, who for so many years, on Rotherham becoming her home, in closest union with her husband, made that home a centre of usefulness and of hallowed influences, which the Day of Account only will declare. In 1743, Mr. Whitefield visited the neighbourhood—slept at Mr. Joseph Smith's, at High Green, and preached in a large orchard at Rotherham, from whence he journeyed to Sheffield. At Sheffield, persecution was outrageous, and broke all bounds, and on the 25th May in this year, the preaching-house erected there in 1741, was levelled with the ground. About this time, Mr. Lowly, steward to Mrs. Finch, of Thrybergh Hall, attached himself to Mr. Wesley, and by him Methodism was introduced into that place and into Brinsworth. A friendly intercourse was opened with William Green, who had now settled at Rotherham, where he taught school, and who opened his door for preaching, and visited neighbouring places himself as a local preacher. At this time he was like a speckled bird in the place in which he lived, and the only persons to keep him in countenance, as Methodists, were two or three poor persons in Rotherham, and two men and their wives in Masbrough. - 1746. The second preaching-house at Sheffield was demolished by the mob, the tumultuous proceedings were continued from Monday night to Saturday, two justices of the peace refusing to grant warrants against the rioters, or to act therein. A statement was this year made by the Vicar of Rotherham to the Archbishop of York, in answer to queries prior to the visitation, which shows in its malevolent, bigotted, and untruthful tone, that Mr. Cleator was no honour to his office. It was principally a virulent misrepresentation respecting Mr. Lowly, before-mentioned, as Mrs. Finch's steward, but whose character or standing it failed to affect. The conduct of the succeeding 60 474 33 otherham. vicar, Mr. Lloyd, forms a pleasing and Christian contrast to this; as he, in 1775, “had the generosity to inform the archbishop at the Confirmation, that the children under Mr. Green's tuition were the most perfect of any presented to him in their instructions.” At this period tracts were resorted to as a means of diffusing religious knowledge, and Mr. Green now, or it may have been earlier, opened a book account with Mr. Wesley. From the weight of Some of the parcels, one mentioned weighing forty stones, a considerable circulation must have been effected. - The Rev. William Grimshaw, rector of Howarth, who was united with the Methodists as far as a clergyman could be, began now to itinerate, and very often preached at High Green. In addition to the work of his own church, this unwearied apostle's labours usually comprised about three hundred sermons addressed annually to other congregations, and he established circuits at great distances from Howarth, which he usually visited once a fortnight. In what he called his idle week, he preached fourteen sermons, and in his labourious one from twenty-four to thirty. It is necessary to recite these instances of “labours more abundant” to show how it was that the darkness and disorder and brutality of the period was penetrated, and in time permeated by divine light and more benignant influences. In 1747, William Green lost his wife, being left with two children, who were put out to nurse. He had laboured hard to introduce Methodism into Rotherham, Thrybergh, and other places, and was solicitous to extend and establish it. Keeping school, he found it difficult to do so at Rotherham. Operating in the same sphere of religious duties, he and Miss Jane Holmes were brought into frequent association; and this ended in their being united in marriage on 27th December, 1749, from which time their house, as before mentioned, became the general resort of the pious and the home of the preachers, and they may be properly denominated the parents of the Rotherham Methodist Society. At this time he kept a horse for visiting distant places on the Sunday, and during vacation. - Increased Christian effort provoked increased persecution. On one occasion, as he passed along the street, he was, by some of the most ferocious of the mob, caught by the hair and dragged through the most conspicuous parts of the town. A person of the name of Richard Robinson, who stood by as a spectator, said within himself, “There must be something in religion, and in that man, which I possess not, that enables him to endure the whole with such lamb-like patience.” To him William Green's suffering was gain, and soon after joining his class, he lived and died a worthy member of the Methodist Society, and we find his name amongst the chapel trustees. On another occasion when assailed, William Green took shelter in the house of Mr. Valentine Radley, a currier, who was a member of the society, whom the violence of the mob obliged to shut up his shop windows. These were no sooner closed, than the infuriated mob threatened to force them open if he did not send out the object of their vengeance. The situation of one of the doors offered a chance of escape; here were only a few persons near to whom he was not known; he stepped out, and, before the mob was apprised of his escape, he got away, and by running through lanes and fields eluded their grasp. On another occasion his house was forcibly entered, but he escaped by the back door. The back of his house looked down towards the river, and they knew, from the close watch they kept, that there were no means of escape for him but by swimming the river. After making fruitless attempts to find him, they procured some hounds to track him, and the hounds went round and round the foliage by which he was hidden, without manifesting the smallest sign of his presence, and the mob was consoled by the thought that he had only escaped by getting a good ducking. About this time also William Shent preached at Rotherham, and narrowly escaped being thrown into a draw-well, through the kindness of a gentleman, who opened a door for him, passing through which he was lost by the mob. It seems incredible that these brutal outrages and Savage excesses could take place in the open light of day less than one hundred and thirty years ago; that men of this ferocious stamp could exist, or at any rate could be permitted to have thus disturbed and disgraced a quiet, small market town, like what Rotherham then was, and within so brief a period. It may appear a little singular, how in the midst of so much opposition William Green was able to support a school. It is explained that his persecutors were chiefly the @It ſätti, a big m. 475 most profligate part of the poor;" that among the higher and middling classes of people there were many, who, though not favourable to his religion, were partial to him as a teacher of youth. He had a happy method of bringing on such as were under his care, in their learning. His school was always full. Mr. Samuel Walker's children and others of the higher class were taught by him. - A proper Methodist class meeting was now established, and monies collected amounting to 2s. 4d., lodged in the hands of William Parker. This was the beginning of a regular organisation of the Methodist Society at Rotherham. In 1752, Mr. Wesley says, “It being still sultry hot, I preached under a shady tree at Barley Hall, and in an open place at Rotherham in the evening.” This appears to have been Mr. Wesley's first visit to Rotherham, and for this William Green and his good wife had made every preparation. On “Thursday, June 12, 1755,” Mr. Wesley remarks, “I preached at Clayworth, and at Rotherham in the evening,” and adds that members at the end of two years were rather increased in numbers, and many of them growing in grace. Some time previous to this the Marquis of Rockingham and his lady, and the present [late] Earl Fitzwilliam's father attended preaching at Mr. Johnson's of Barley Hall. On this being known, unfortunately a Mr. Kershaw who was appointed to preach, probably with a view to roll away the charge of ignorance usually fastened on Methodist preaching, made too much display of his ability, and consequently, less impression than would have been made by a plain sermon on the leading truths of Scripture. - 1757. Mr. Wesley rode from Clayworth to Rotherham. When he arrived he had neither strength nor voice left. However in about an hour he was able to preach to one of the largest congregations ever assembled there. A union having taken place in 1750 between Mr. Wesley and Mr. Whitefield, the latter had received a favourable reception from the followers of Mr. Wesley, and not a few embraced his sentiments. In 1752 Mr. Whitefield was again in Yorkshire, and was jubilant at the favourable reception he met with. Writing to a friend in Sheffield, he says, “Since I left Newcastle, I have scarce known sometimes whether I have been in heaven or earth. * * * Thousands and thousands have flocked twice or thrice a day to hear the word of life. Yesterday I preached in a church. Four ordained ministers, friends of the word of God, have been with me. The word has run so swiftly at Leeds that friends are come to fetch me back, and I am now going to Rotherham, Wakefield, &c.” In 1753, it is said multitudes were everywhere “flocking like doves to their windows.” On his way to Leeds, he preached at Rotherham and Wakefield; at the former place he had met with such opposition from the mob, that he almost resolved to preach there no more. But he was the more convinced of the rashness of such a step, since some who had been bitter persecutors, now gladly received him within their doors, acknowledging that God had made him instrumental in their conversion. In 1757, John Thorpe, as already related, led the way for a division at Rotherham; he was followed and supported by Mr. Samuel and Mr. Aaron Walker, who both met in William Green's class. Samuel was the father of the late Mr. Joshua Walker, who received his education in William Green’s school. At this period, strange as it may now seem, Gainsbrough, Grimsby, and Sheffield were then included in the Epworth circuit, as was also Rotherham; and to this wide circuit Mr. Mather was appointed, leaving London, August 15, 1757, to walk to Epworth, 150 miles. He notices with great satisfaction, perceiving some fruits of his labour, the first of which, * This explanation only accounts for the description of the persons composing the mob, but what of the character of the civil authority, under the rule and governance of which such outrageous violations of the law of the land could, with impunity, be perpetrated 2 In the preceding century the Puritan pastors were strictly proceeded against and sent to prison. Preceding that, we have Catholic recusants dealt with, with similar rigour by the neighbouring justices; whilst, in this instance, a man of blameless life is hunted like a wild beast through the streets of the town by wild beasts in human form, time after time, without, as it would appear, any interference of the authorities of the town, either as to measures taken for the repression of the tumult, or afterwards, for the punishment of the evil doers. At both Sheffield and Rotherham there seems to have been the like disgraceful remissness. This can only now be reverted to as showing, in the course of little more than a century, a contrast so strong, and a change so complete in favour of the days in which we live, as to brand the lawless wickedness of the comparatively recent past, as revolting and almost, as before said, incredible. 476 - 33 otherham. he says, was at Rotherham, “where John Thorpe, one of our local preachers, had just separated from us.” “In answer to some questions put to Mr. Mather at this time, relative to ‘the great salvation’ experienced by him, he observes, ‘With regard to the time and place, it was Rotherham, in the year 1757, that I enjoyed it in a far greater measure than I ever did before, or do now.’” 1760. “For the purpose of greater security, William Green went to York, and procured a licence enabling him to preach, which document bears the date of this year. This preserved him in a few instances from personal insult, where the places themselves were licensed in which he preached. In Rotherham it still continued ‘the day of small and feeble things.’ The quarterly collections, as stated in the circuit accounts kept by William Green, amounted through the course of the year to £1 Ios., to £1, and once as low as 13s. The Society, however, looked forward to better days, and seriously contemplated the erection of a preaching-house.” At this time preachers had yet to be guarded from place to place, to protect them from open violence, or wanton mischief. - One distinguished exception to the hostile spirit which affected the high as well as the low, must be mentioned. On a public day at Wentworth House, the Marquis of Rockingham, on surprise being expressed by some of his visitors, that he should suffer Societies to be planted on different parts of his estate, and on his lordship being requested to use his authority for the suppression of such schismatical proceedings, after listening for some time dismissed the subject with—“You converse like country gentlemen: are you not aware that the Methodists preach immediately under His Majesty's eye?” It is said at this time that “ considering the small number of members in Society, the immense number of books and tracts sold by William Green, on account of Mr. Wesley, is truly astonishing.” The Press, at that early hour of its now meridian day, was showing great preaching power. “ 1761. The preaching-house which the friends in Rotherham had in contemplation last year was commenced this,” and the authority for its use as such follows:— This is to certify whom it may concern that the House of William Green, called the Octagon, situate in Buntin Croft, in the Town of Rotherham, in the County and Diocese of York was this day entered in the Registry of His Grace the Lord Archbishop of York as a place of public worship of Almighty God for Protestant Dissenters. Witness my Hand this fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixty One. RICHD. MACKLEY, Deputy Registrar. An extract from a letter from Mr. Green to Mr. Wesley will show the state of the Society, and the steps taken towards the erection. There is very little of it. “Many have joined our Society of late, and multitudes come to hear, so that what I have long wished for will, I hope, shortly be accomplished, viz., a House for God. The ground is set out, and hopes are entertained that it will be up in the month of August,” and he urgently entreats that Mr. Wesley may be sent down of the Lord to preach in it the first time. On Wednesday, July 29th, Mr. Wesley preached at Sheffield. On Thursday and Friday, he says, “I preached at Rotherham, in the shell of the new house, which is an octagon. The congregation was larger than ever, the Society well united, and much alive to God.” - Mr. Everett's account of the completion of the preaching-house is as follows:– “The friends at Rotherham proceeded with the octagon preaching-house, which Mr. Wesley, as has been noticed elsewhere, held up as a perfect model to all other chapel-builders, but to which, in the latter part of his life, he was scarcely so partial. Having consulted the documents respecting the building the writer is enabled to lay before his readers the following abridged account. At the head of the details is written ‘ Monies laid out about the preaching-house in Bunting Croft for land, materials, and workmanship, in the year 1760, by me, Wm. Green.” After a particular account of every item, then follows the expense of A 235 16s. 3}d. Succeeding this, is a statement of moneys received, dated, and signed, ‘August 29th, 1763; a just account of the moneys received of the subscribers from the Conference, and also materials sold by me, William Green’: to which is added the names @ID # eth Gli3 m. w 4.77 of the subscribers, and the amount of their separate subscriptions, with a grant of £20 from the Conference in 1761, and another grant of £1.9 from the same source in 1763; the whole of the receipts amounting to £107 14s., leaving a debt of £1.28 25. 3}d. To these particulars another account is appended, which runs thus, ‘The whole amount of the monies laid out in the preaching-house at Rotherham from 1761 to August 2, 1766, for the ground, building, vestry, plastering the ceiling, out-building, fence walls, &c., just A271 Ios. Iod. Received by subscription and from Conference / 120 16s. Id., still due AI 50 14s. 7d., with an addition of interest of £9 12s. 6d. The question is then asked, ‘What must be done in regard to the interest?” to which is subjoined. ‘Although there are quarterly collections they do not amount to one half of the interest for the year.’” - The cost of this rare example of that period of chapel building exhibits but one of the various difficulties connected with it that had to be confronted and overcome. Doubts as to payment for the work being safe, had to be removed. Attempts at imposition to be frustrated, and the many petty points which had to be watched and worked out may be to some extent understood, as connected with a work in which there was not a friendly hand to help or a friendly voice to bid “God speed.” What but that power so triumphantly apostrophized in Charles Wesley's ringing lines: “Faith, mighty faith, the promise sees, And looks to that alone: Laughs at impossibilities, And cries, ‘It shall be done !’” What else could have actuated and sustained a clear-sighted, prudent, practical man like William Green filling an important and well-patronized walk in life, to put himself at the head of a few humble, uninfluential, pious people, and undertake a responsibility so irksome and onerous. The task of Superintending the erection of a place of worship, to cost £300 (a large outlay then), on the slender revenue of a quarterly collection of less than 50s., and interest on the outlay of twice that amount remaining unpaid, did involve risk; exhibited trust also, which was not betrayed. The chapel was built, and the debt discharged, the Bank of Faith honouring every righteous claim. - - The conveyance of the plot of land in Bunting Croft to William Green is missing; but, in 1782, a release from Valentine Radley and others to Joseph Radley and others in trust and assignment of lease from Reuben Battie to Richard Robinson and others in trust and settlements of Methodist meeting-house, &c., in Rotherham, put us in possession of the needful particulars connected therewith, as - - BETWEEN Valentine Radley of Rotherham Currier John Smith of Broom Ridding Yeoman George Kirk late of the New Foundry Book-keeper Richard Robinson late of Masbrough carpenter but now of Sheffield and George Bedford of Masbrough Ironfounder of the first part and William Wilburne of Rotherham Grocer and Jane Green of Rotherham widow (which said William Wilburne and Jane Green together with the said Valentine Radley are joint Exors. named in the last Will and Testament of the said William Green aforesaid schoolmaster deceased of the second part) Reuben Battie of the Holmes Woodman of the third part and Joseph Radley of Rotherham Cordwainer Joseph Crowther of Rotherham Wheelwright William Naylor of Rotherham Mason Paul Brayshaw Officer of Excise George Frith of Rotherham Butcher William Greaves of Rotherham Saddletree Maker and James Ross Mason of the fourth part Reciting that John Parker late of Woodthorpe Gentleman since deceased Thomas Smith of Basingthorpe Yeoman since also deceased Miles Lowly of Burleigh House Co Rutland Gentleman and Dorothy Hounsfield late of Rotherham Widow deceased did on 17 day of August 1761 for consideration therein mentioned grant sell &c to the said William Green Valentine Radley John Smith William Hall George Kirk Richard Robinson George Bedford and William Porter &c All those four hundred and seventy-eight Square yards of Land lying and being in a certain close or parcel of ground in Rotherham called the Bunting Croft &c. Upon Trust for the erecting and building thereon a Preaching House or place of Devotion commonly called the Tabernacle or a Methodist Meeting-house for the people called Methodists for the purpose of preaching praying and expounding the Scriptures therein and reciting the grant of a portion of this land to William Green for the building of a School before given And further reciting that On account being taken there is found to be due to the Exors. of the the said William Green one hundred and sixty pounds on satisfaction of which the Octagon Chapel and other Erections become vested in the recited Trustees namely “All that piece or parcel of ground lying and being 478 33 otherijam. the site of and near to the said Preaching House Tabernacle or Methodist Meeting-house in Rotherham aforesaid containing in length from the east fence wall belonging thereto westwards twenty-seven feet of assize and in breadth five the South fence wall northwards fifteen feet of assize or thereabouts as the same is now bounded and set out and all Houses Buildings and Erections thereupon,” &c. These are not of the emblazonry of great names which irradiate a nation's annals, yet, it may be, that at the last account, few will shine with a purer lustre, in their own humble sphere, than those faithful few, who in their day and generation ventured person, position, and property in promotion of the Christian truths in which they had placed implicit trust, and did all in their limited power to secure for them their eventual world-redeeming triumph. We live in times when this super-eminent exercise of “The faith that can remove, And sink the mountain to a plain " has become a mystery; one which may be delightedly pondered over, but not penetrated. The building of the Octagon Chapel, under the circumstances recorded, is a fact “stranger than fiction.” Yet, as was their faith so was its fulfilment. It was not abounding and faltering by turns; but a supreme, impassioned belief in God; in His constant care; in His present help, and in His all-sufficient support in every danger and in every difficulty. And such is the solution of the historical phenomena of the Methodist revival of that period, and of the wonderful work done and the vast change accomplished by it. And so extraordinary was the operation of this faith on individual minds, that it is only through an acquaintance with authentic instances in persons lately living, that its influence and effect can be fully realised. The history of the local preachers of that and later periods, to whom reference is made, will never now be worthily written. In “John Nelson's Journal,” and some other scattered accounts, is authentically exhibited the cruel and dastardly ill-usage to which the early preachers were exposed, as well from those in authority as the brutal populace, and which they patiently endured, without for one moment flinching from the plain delivery of their warnings to their wicked persecutors “to flee from the wrath to come.” But it was in after times, somewhat less turbulent and lawless, that the meliorating example and influence of these humble godly men was especially felt and became permanently influential. In villages where, notwithstanding their village church, “the people had lapsed into heathenism,” these unendowed, self-instructed, but heaven-ordained men took their solitary stand at the village cross, or blacksmith's Smithy, where the villagers held their Sunday assemblings, and carried on their country sports; and there, the faithful servant of God, in simple, loving, homely words delivered his Master's message, in His Name, and in implicit dependence on His Word, amidst jeers it might be, and not unseldom amid coarse practical jokes; but in process of time the evidence of true manhood, of honest motive, of Christian love, won the regard of the more thoughtful of the rustic throng, and, in time, of heart after heart to Christ. And so where pinching, and football playing, and frog-leap, and all other rude and boisterous pastimes had prevailed, and the village alehouse had been the only, but the wide open place of public resort, the hallowed silence of the Sabbath day succeeded, only broken by the voice of prayer and praise. How wonderful the change and how wonderful the means? “God’s ways are not as our ways.” The men to whom this mission of mercy was given, were, in general, men who had done a long and hard week's work, often for a mere pittance of wage, and a consequent scantiness of daily bread; and yet, throughout the length and breadth of the land, they left their homes, early on a Sabbath morning, traversing hill and vale, to these distant villages, uninvited, unknown, and in their earlier visits unwelcome, and having often to be satisfied with their crust of bread, by the running brook, for their noontide meal, and so again to travel on to their next appointment, with but little reason to anticipate a more cordial reception or hospitable entertainment. The simple detail of a twelvemonths' loyal service of one of these earlier preachers of righteousness, of his perils, privations, and personal endurances, and also of his transcending compensations in deliverances vouchsafed, privileges enjoyed, and antepasts of “the glory to be revealed” experienced, would form a recital, exciting anger and astonishment on the @ It ſºleth glism. 479 one hand, and tenderest pity and admiration on the other; and also feelings of devout thankfulness, that while these times of terror and trial have passed away, the good remains, and a grand harvest of the redeemed has been garnered in heaven. One vital element in this revival, one which will advance and animate Christian life to the end of time, remains to be noticed. To the hymns of Charles Wesley must be awarded a noble share of the wonderful success achieved. “Christian experience—through all the gradations of doubt, fear, desire, faith, and hope, to all the transports of perfect love, in the very beams of the beatific vision,” in the words of one writer," have found in his hymns, fittest description and expression; and in the words of the author of “The Christian Life in Song,” “They are sung now in collieries and copper mines. How many has their heavenly music strengthened to meet death in the dark coal pits? On how many dying hearts have they come back, as from a mother's lips, on the battle-field? On how many death-beds have they been chanted by trembling voices, and listened to with joy unspeakable? They echo along the Cornish moors, as the corpse of the tin-miner is borne to his last resting place. They cheer with heavenly messages the hard bondage of slavery. They have been the first words of thanksgiving on the lips of liberated negroes. They have given courage to brave men and suffering women. They have been a liturgy engraven on the hearts of the poor. They have borne the name of Jesus far and wide, and have helped to write it in countless hearts.” That they have been for series of years, and for a space wide as the world, “a liturgy engraven on the hearts of the poor’’ is their grandest eulogy. To gangs of colliers, closed by accident in their pits, in which they were entombed alive, and which might be their grave, they have lent courage, and have lifted them above the fear of death. Yes, these hymns have been the gathering cry of the Christian's battle, and the song of triumph of the victor's death-bed; and it is not possible to attribute to them as an honoured instrumentality in the hands of God, too large a share of the good accomplished. But few extracts from Mr. Everett's history remain to be given. - & In 1764, March 30th, Mr. Wesley says “I preached in the new house at Rotherham, on the sure foundation, ‘Ye are saved through faith.’ It was a season of strong consolation to many.” At this time the Lowly family had removed from Thrybergh, and a declension had taken place, but was now made up by the formation of a Society at Thrybergh Forge, by the coming there of one Jonathan Lindley. In 1765, High-Green, which had been so long favoured, was now abandoned, Potter- hill and Ecclesfield were still visited, and William Green preached at Chapeltown. - 1765. “The number of members in the Sheffield Circuit, embracing at least what is now comprised in the Doncaster, Worksop, Retford, Mansfield, Chesterfield, Bakewell, Bradwell, Barnsley, and Rotherham Circuits, only stood at 583. Sheffield received £5, Rotherham / Io, and Derby ſzo from the Conference.” 1768. Mr. Wesley visited Rotherham. The Conference was held at Bristol, and the number of members had increased from five hundred and eighty-three to six hundred. In 1769 Rotherham received £29 from Conference. Mr. William Green was the first local preacher who had visited Rawmarsh; but in 1769 it was visited by Mr. Parsons Greenwood, one of the travelling preachers of the Sheffield Circuit. Mr. Joseph Hall was the first who opened his house for this purpose. 1770. Amongst William Green's papers one is headed thus: “An account of the expense of my school building in the preaching-house yard.” The school appears to have cost between £30 and ſ40, and was built in the chapel yard for the better protection of the chapel, still exposed to despoiling hands.” * The Rev. John Kirk in “The Mother of the Wesleys.” * On August 14th, 1771, the trustees of the Octagon Chapel before named convey to William Green, one of their co-trustees, part of the plot of ground, in Bunting Croft, on which the Octagon Chapel is built, for the purpose of his building a school thereon, and in the deed seem anxious to make out a case for him, which is not a hard thing to do, justifying the transfer. The site is described as 27 feet in length from east to west, and I5 feet in breadth from north to south. It is stated in the erection of the preaching house “that the said William Green hath been put to great expenses, trouble, and loss of time, without the aid or assistance of any other of the said trustees, in providing materials for the erecting and building of such preaching house or place of devotion, and in necessary attention given by him on the workmen employed thereon, and also in procuring and providing for payment of workmen’s wages, and other incidental expenses in and about the said building and erection, for which he hath hitherto had no sufficient recompense, security, or satisfaction.” The term is for 999 years on the annual payment of two shillings. 480 330th crijam. In July, Mr. Wesley again preached at Rotherham. Mr. Bardsley was now stationed at Sheffield, and was held in high estimation. Among others brought to God under him, was Mr. Crowder [Crowther] of Rotherham. 1771. For the first time, this year, a house was taken to be entirely appropriated to the use of a Methodist preacher, it was in the Hartshead. The superintendent preacher had £3 a quarter for himself, the same for his wife, 2s. 4d. per week board for himself and his family, and Is. per week for servant's wages and board. Dr. Johnson might well say, “he could scarcely doubt the sincerity of that man, who travelled nine hundred miles in a month, and preached twelve times a week; for no adequate reward, merely temporal, could be given for such indefatigable labour.” An extract from a letter from Mr. Boon to Mr. Bardsley will appropriately conclude our transcripts from Mr. Everett’s history: ". “I cannot furnish you with an accurate plan of the round; but I will give you a slight sketch. In Sheffield, where I find much freedom in speaking, I preach about six times in three weeks. I shall be at Doncaster next Saturday and Sunday; the Sunday after at Rotherham; and the Sunday succeeding that again at Sheffield; at which places I preach every third Sunday; I am at Cantley every sixth Sunday and Monday, and at Whiston every third Tuesday, where there is an increase both of hearers and members. I preach at Rawmarsh also every third Wednesday, at which place the Society is in good earnest, and at Rotherham every third Thursday. We each preach at Sheffield on the week days, Monday and Thursday: and the country preacher takes the Park on a Friday. In the latter place there are three or four houses in which we preach alternately, and I hope good will be done. All the other places have preaching once a fortnight. I left Sheffield last Tuesday, went to the Bridge [Grindleford], to Eyam and Hallam, and am now on my way to Doncaster. On the succeeding visit to Doncaster, I shall proceed thither from Hackin- thorpe, by way of Whiston. Such is a short sketch of a part of our plan; but I trust in the event of our exchanging a month towards April, according to present arrangements, to give you a fuller account.” - The great religious revival of the last century, of which Wesley and Whitefield were the honoured instruments, and which was a glorious resurrection from a national “death in trespasses and sins,” was, at the beginning of the present century, winning its widening way throughout the entire kingdom, and all ranks and conditions, from the lowest to the highest, and all sections of the Christian church, were acknowledging, if not experimentally sharing, a beneficent transition from that of “seeing men as trees moving,” to that of “passing from darkness into light.” The Methodist societies, its immediate and grand outcome, were no longer the despised and persecuted people they had so long been, but were becoming important and comparatively influential. The Octagon Chapel, at Rotherham, was no longer to remain as a mural monument of their early and victorious “fight of faith.” It was decided that it should be pulled down, and a chapel erected more suitable in size and other respects to the greatly increased numbers and higher condition of the members of the society. For this purpose, in addition to the site of the Octagon Chapel and Mr. Green's school, a plot of ground was purchased of Mr. John Coupland, a large wine merchant in the town, and which is described as: All that Commonright, Garden, or piece of ground, situate, &c., on the east side of a certain street called Westgate, as the same was formerly in possession of Robert Wilson, and late of Luke Bradbury, but now of the trustees the present purchasers, and whose names now are Valentine Radley,a Joseph Radley, Joseph Crowther, William Naylor, Paul Brayshaw, William Greaves, and James Ross, on the north, on premises belonging to the same, and also on premises belonging to the heirs of the late Thomas Paley deceased, on the east, and on premises belonging the Earl of Effingham, on the south and west, and containing by admeasurement 273 yards, for the price of thirty-four pounds. And on the 23rd September, 1805, of Thomas Leesley, another plot of adjacent ground, consisting of I42 yards, for £21 6s. * Died April 2, 1805, aged 82. Buried in Rotherham Church. © It ſäctijob is m. 48 I The deed, which names the same persons as trustees, is only executed by Joseph Crowther. On this extended site the larger chapel, vestry, dwelling-houses for the preachers, and stabling for their horse, were erected, and the chapel would be completed for public service about 1807. During its erection, services were conducted in the Presbyterian Chapel. A deed, dated March 24, 1806, comprises a description of the enlarged properties, and gives the names of the increased number of trustees, in whom the responsibilities are vested, and is endorsed a “Conveyance (by Feoffment) of the new Methodist Chapel and other premises, situate at Rotherham, Co. York, upon Trusts.” BETWEEN Joseph Radley Joseph Crowther William Naylor Paul Brayshaw (of Hull supervisor) William Greaves (of Hull) of the first part Samuel Clarke (of Hellaby) Jonathan Walker of the Holmes Ironfounder) William Wilson (of Masbrough Tin Manufacturer) Thomas Bagshaw (Butcher) William Hawksworth (Tailor) James Roberts (Joiner) James Duke (Bramley Farmer) James Heeley (Thorp Hesley Nailor) John Poles (Wentworth Farmer) Samuel Poles (Thorp Hesley Farmer) Sykes Bickers (Rotherham Grocer) Thomas Wigfield (Rotherham Grocer) Thomas Denby (Masbrough House Mason) and Thomas Law (Rotherham Draper) of the second part and John Crowther (Rotherham Wheelwright). - Reciting That the Octagonal Building commonly called the Tabernacle or Methodist Meeting House and the other Buildings and Erections near the same have lately been taken down and a New Chapel and Vestry and two Dwelling Houses and a Stable and other buildings have lately been erected upon or near the site thereof at an expence of £2,500 and upwards (part thereof being raised by subscription and the residue borrowed on interest.) At the request of the Methodist Society the parties of the first part convey to the parties of the second part the additional Trustees nominated the said premises described as All that new erected Methodist Chapel or Preaching House and vestry and yard thereto adjoining and all premises &c. abutting upon a certain Road or lane called the Backlane on the East on premises belonging to the Earl of Effingham and Thomas Leesley on the South and premises belonging to the late Mr. Bellamy's charity and the Devizees of the late William Wilburne on the North and on land belonging to the Earl of Effingham and the Devisees of the late Thomas Paley on the South. The said Trustees shall permit from time to time and at all times for ever such person and persons as shall be appointed at the Yearly Conference of the people called Methodists held in London Leeds Bristol and Manchester or elsewhere specified by name in a certain Deed enrolled in Chancery under the hand and seal of the Reverend John Wesley late of Lincoln College Oxford Clerk on or about the 28th February 1784 and no others to have and enjoy the said new erected Chapel or Preaching House &c. &c. in order that they may in the said chapel preach and expound GOD'S HOLY WORD and perform all other acts or religious worship. Provided that the persons so to be appointed as aforesaid preach no other doctrines than are contained in the said John Wesley's notes on the New Testament and the four volumes of sermons published or Provided also that the same preachers shall not be sent to the said Chapel or Preaching House more than three years consecutively without the consent of the majority of the said Trustees &c. And for the appropriation of seat rents collections &c. &c. - The names of the Trustees residing at Hull are William Bramwell and Walt. Griffith at Rotherham George Holdsworth Robert Newton Eliza Newton. Full and peaceable possession and seizin was had and taken by the within-named John Crowther as attorney for the within-named Trustees. An account of Methodism in Rotherham would be incomplete without a notice of Mr. Joseph Crowther before-mentioned. The family was originally of Tong; the father, Joseph Crowther, having been baptized there in 1722. At an early period of life he appears to have left that side of the West Riding, as, in 1749, he married Ann Fowlston, of Brampton-Bierlow, by whom he had a fine family, of four stalwart sons and one daughter, of whom Joseph was the eldest, born in 1751. At West Melton, where he would seem to have settled, he suffered the sad misfortune of losing both his arms by a bark mill. The family were of the earliest of Wesley's adherents, and have, through all its wide connections, from that time to the present, reaching through several generations, generally remained so. Joseph is mentioned as one of Mr. Bardsley's converts in 1770, when he would be nineteen years of age. In 1782 his name appears in the Trust Deed of the first, or Octagon Chapel, and that of his eldest son, John Crowther, in that of 1805. In 1792, we find him occupying and paying rates for a house in Talbot Lane, called the Preacher's House, and for a “Meeting-House” there, which was the Octagon Chapel. 61 482 33 otherijam. On the removal of the old chapel and premises, he himself removed to the east side of the Crofts, and had there a large wheelwright's shop, and an extensive woodyard. There he dwelt for a long period of years, bringing up a large family “in the nurture and admonition of the Lord,” and in the constant exercise of Christian hospitality, as well as in all the official duties of Church-fellowship, until his death, in August, 1833, aged eighty-two years. It falls to the lot of few men to live such an unblemished, consistent, and useful life, in humble renunciation of all claim to distinction in well-doing, his constant intercourse with his Maker having been attuned to the saving sentiment of his dying words: “He calls a worm his friend, He calls himself my God; And He will save me to the end, Through Jesus' blood.” For more than one hundred years from the time of its truth-testing struggles already related, Wesleyan Methodism has flourished in Rotherham and its surrounding circuit. It has had its constant succession of itinerant preachers, commencing with William Stevens and John Saunderson in 1793. Of them, it may be said, that, as a rule, they were diligent in duty, exemplary in life, and of various, but often of high ability. Coming down, as we have seen so early as 1804, to the name of one of the most eminent in the Wesleyan Connexion, Robert Newton may be mentioned as a preacher in labours most abundant, and as a man, who for the larger portion of the fifty years of his itinerating life, perhaps never preached but to an over-crowded congregation. Travelling, when transit was comparatively slow, and sometimes difficult, not less than six thousand miles a year, and, in later times, eight thousand miles, he engaged in public services not less than twelve times a week. A man of such wonderful eloquence and energy could hardly receive a briefer mention. Methodism has also had its successive generations of local preachers, stewards, and leaders, spiritually well fitted for the work of saving souls, and for promoting the advancement of the interests committed to their charge. Their works of faith and labours of love have, doubtless, received that best reward— “When each, from his Lord, may receive the glad word, Well, and faithfully done, Enter into My rest, and sit down on My throne.” Methodism in Rotherham in the first decade of the present century, was emphatically a religion of the heart and of the life. Its members, as such, could “be known and read of all men.” Still exposed to the jeers of the worldly-wise, or to the occasional scoffs of the rude and ignorant, the men were distinguished by a quiet and staid demeanour, and the dress of the women, however good, was, without being so precise as that of the Quakers, so plain and unadorned as to be equally distinguishable, the bonnet being generally only crossed by a plain white ribbon to tie. Their public services were full of heartiness, the sermons plain, practical, and often deeply impressive, and the singing of that ringing and rousing character, now but too seldom heard. It was the voice of praise calling up profound and powerful emotion; the glowing eye, the heaving breast, the head thrown back, expressed the deep fulness of feeling with which they could “Hands, and hearts, and voices raise; Sing as in the ancient days.” Their friendly and family tea meetings were a pleasant, social, religious service. Profitable conversation was alternated by the singing of hymns; each one had his or her favourite hymn, which was called for, as Brother So-and-so or Sister So-and-So's favourite hymn, and as they were known by heart, no hymn-books were required, except for strangers. They were earnest, united, and happy in their religious communion. - The Sunday Schools have been an important and diligently-worked field of Methodist operations from an early period, but not the earliest in the district. And when the astounding change of the present day ensued, and voluntary day schools inaugurated their vast and beneficent organisation for arresting the ignorance, and advancing the sound and systematic education of the youth of the kingdom, so long deplorably neglected, the @It ſºletíjab ig m. - 483 Wesleyans at Rotherham took a noble stand. They erected handsome and extensive schools, and a schoolmaster's residence, and have maintained a van-ward position, with what effect at this period is very satisfactorily signified in the following report of the schools under Mr. J. Cox, by M. J. Callender, Esq., B.A., H.M. Inspector of Schools, received for 1878 – This School is in a most flourishing condition both as regards attainments and organisation, the former being of an exceptionally advanced type. The standard work (Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic) is excellent, and in the Class Subjects (Geography and Grammar) many of the answers displayed a finished accuracy, and in Some cases an Originality of expression truly gratifying. Talbot Lane Chapel, as enlarged in 1832, will hold 1,800 hearers, and has since been re-seated and beautified in accordance with the requirements of modern worship, and its three ministers are provided with more suitable homes than were the “preachers' houses,” which form the western portion of the chapel buildings. The Sunday Schools, which have ever been anxiously cared for, are conducted in the spacious day schools, which, if better placed, would have been an ornament as well as an advantage to the town. For nearly three quarters of a century, Talbot Lane Chapel singly, but successfully, unfolded and advanced the Banner of the Cross of the Old Connexion. In 1847, a chapel was added at Masbrough, but having been found inadequate for the remarkable growth of the district, a large and very handsome chapel, with school-rooms, vestries, &c., was opened in 1876. Another also was opened, in Eastwood Vale, costing £4,000, to seat 8oo persons, with school-room for 400 children, Suitable and spacious vestries, and every ample accommodation for religious services and social meetings. - In Rotherham, as throughout the kingdom, there have from one cause or another been divisions; but not, as it would seem, of “a house divided against itself which cannot stand.” Separation seems to have stimulated more energetic action, and to have been productive of multiplied energies, and wider expansion of Christian operations and influences. The Primitive Methodists, under their still well-known name of “Ranters,” lifted up a very audible voice at a time when considerable torpor had settled on national religious life, and to this is owing the reclamation of thousands here and elsewhere from the lowest depths of depravity, and the grossest and most disorderly course of life. It is a work redounding to their highest and truest renown, and for which England may well be thankful, and even hold in honour the uncouth name under which it was accomplished. In their humble house of worship in Westgate their services were carried on for many years, until, in 1851, a larger and more suitable place of worship, with school-rooms, was opened in Wellgate. In the meanwhile other chapels had sprung up in response to their earnest and abundant labours in almost every surrounding village. In the last stormy disruption which ensued in 1849, the separatists in Rotherham, under the name of the Methodist Reform Union, who dispensed with a paid ministry, built a small place of worship in Howard Street (now a Temperance Hall), but which merged into the United Methodist Free Church, who, in 1859, erected another place of worship, named Zion Chapel, a prominent and pleasing object in Effingham Street, with suitable school and class-rooms. A portion of them still adhering to their previous form of religious service, built a very good chapel and school-rooms in Chapel Walk, Masbrough. Disruptions are generally accompanied by sad disturbance of Christian peace and religious communion, and for the time, by an unhappy and perhaps unholy state of feeling difficult to endure, and more difficult to reconcile with consistent Christian conduct. Yet he “Who plants His footsteps in the sea And rides upon the storm,” can make the wrath of man to praise him, and out of chaotic disorder and darkness educe harmony and light. Divisions have not always been detrimental to Christian life. Their effect has often been to arouse dormant activities, and extend beyond all previous bounds, even to darkest and most demoralized places, the illuminating and regenerating influences of Christian truth and love. This was signally the case in this instance. 484 330th crijam. In concluding the account of this important and peculiar portion of our “Historic Notices,” signally so from the moral elevation and religious advancement now effected by Methodism throughout the habitable world, it may be said again generally, that the growth of Methodism in the Founder's life-time was emphatically distinguished in the grand results of a reformed nation and a flourishing church. It was one of those mighty outpourings of spiritual life, providentially interposed to arrest in the higher ranks the maleficent prevalence of French philosophy and its fruits, profligacy of life and rejection of truth, and, in lower life, that coarser form of Tom Paineism in creed and contemptuous disregard of good conduct which too widely and woefully prevailed. How wonderfully it was owned of God, in its mighty and merciful mission, is a theme of thanksgiving for all time. Its present position amongst the vast world-embracing agencies of the Gospel is thus given in a very useful work, issued by the Wesleyan Conference Office, in the form of a Kalender, which presents in a condensed form the growth and development of Methodism in its several branches. At the death of John Wesley, in 1791, there were in connection with Methodism three hundred and twelve ministers, one hundred and fifteen circuits, sixteen mission schools, and seventy-nine thousand members; now, including the Methodism of Great Britain, that of the United States of America, Colonial Methodism, and branch churches, it is estimated that there are not less than thirty thousand itinerant preachers, sixty thousand local preachers, and nineteen millions of adherents. Early Octagon Chapel. ‘2422,- F. White, Lith- Fºnter Wºrksop - | jº Sº ſº, Asºº gº’ \º ſº; 㺠}\ ſºft & as , S. % 4:º)}\ \ { g º º 'kº'ſ º d º, §§ sºil R. SAMUEL CLARK rose to be a most important and influential man in public matters in Rotherham, by, as he himself says, “a regular progression from the making of a tally, and marking of a cask, to posting in the ledger in the counting-house of Messrs. J. Walker and Co.” From this he rose to be for a long period, not only the principal manager, but the confidential friend of the Walker family; and from his gentlemanly manners and business ability, he was looked up to as chairman, for guidance and counsel at parochial and public meetings. It would seem, from an address, delivered February 16th, 1843, hereinafter given, that he had then been a member of the Yeomanry Cavalry for nearly 40 years. At the breaking up of Walker's works, he became possessed of the Holmes furnaces (afterwards sold to the Parkgate Company); from a note of his to a friend this does not seem to have been a profitable undertaking. He says “After an arduous but unprofitable pursuit of the iron trade, I am about to retire. * * * I have had numerous losses, and as I do not enjoy good health, it is now my ardent wish and highest ambition, if I could, to meet with a small house and corresponding piece of land for a horse and cow, and near a church, to retire and spend the few years which Providence may allow me, in contemplating the past and preparing for the future.” He commenced to give a history of the iron trade in Rotherham in these words: “ The ironworks at Masbrough, near Rotherham, in the West Riding of the County of York, in whatever point of light they are viewed, excite our astonishment and admiration.” Unfortunately, only a few introductory pages exist, of what would have been from his competent hand, and personal knowledge, a valuable account of a remarkable enterprise. The “Iron and Metal Trades” of Rotherham are indissolubly connected with the name of Walker, though they were not the first founders of them. Leland, in 1550, says, “A mile from Rotheram be veri good pittes of cole. In Rotheram be veri good Smithes for all cutting tools.” There is a tradition that the first cannon was made at Rotherham. In 1650, the Sheffield Register says, “This century steel was made at Rotherham, and brought here.” Except that of Leland, these notices are of but little account, and therefore, except as relates to a very early introduction of iron working, at Kimberworth, by the monks of Kirkstead, Walker's ironworks must stand first and foremost in connection with Rotherham. 486 330th crijam. The rapid and surprising growth of these works is only one of the numerous extraordinary instances on record, by which, from most insignificant beginnings, vast undertakings have arisen. An intuitive glimpse of the pursuit to be followed, a resolute confronting and overcoming of the difficulties to be surmounted, sagacious perception, and prompt application of seeming casual opportunities and unexpected openings, and accessories, have been the means from which the mighty manufacturing industries of this kingdom have attained their gigantic development, and secured their limitless extent. And so by this wonder-working agency, has this small, sea-girt isle, established colonies which have become dominions, and through the far-reaching instrumentality of which, the dawn of the day-spring of civilization is quickening the uttermost bounds of the habitable earth. The pedigree of the Walkers is annexed, we need not therefore dwell on their lineage. Samuel Walker, was the second of three brothers and four sisters, who were left orphans when he was about twelve years of age. At a very early age he appears to have taken upon himself the guardianship and training of his brothers and sisters, who seem all to have formed frugal and industrious habits. “By diligence and close application, without any other assistance than from a few books he acquired the means of purchasing, he qualified himself for keeping a school at Grenoside, where, for some time, previous to the year 1746, he taught reading, writing, and arithmetic; and was occasionally employed in Surveying, making sun-dials, and other things, which shewed genius, and bespoke a rising character.” | § & * º º | i E. >====s => , ºil!!!|E:: És || , E:#E mill E=E. -->rº-ºº: 5->- Eß === Wese:Eºs *. ſº ! # # === | l | ÉRiº lº #$$# | §§ sºlº º \, N - º Sºº sº sº E w Fº:=\; #º ſ |#º º º ºš §§§ | | º sºlº \\ N > =ºš §53'N, NS: §§§ EEE-SE=-Sº jº §§§ ſº-Hº § A. ſº. - |º]|| - •- "w | § | º º tºº tº: One of the sun dials is now standing in Mr. Habershon's garden at the Holmes. 2- *-** * -------------e. |\ | | º | sº £, sº SR tºº º | | ſº º s N - § º | ſ º § § sº § WºW \\ § * This was foretold by the late Sir William Horton, of this “Sam Walker will one day ride in his carriage.”— Barnes Hall, who, when he was putting up a sun-dial at his Miller’s “History of Doncaster,” p. 360. house, remarked to a neighbouring gentleman then present, t | | - z/4.4% ºzczºº ºzºya, *** * ~ * ~~~~4 -24.4.22. …, 22, 2% ºzºv.2%– zºº. 2.… …o.º. 26% ºf 7~/…/42.4 /Zv, 7745 * * *. --4.4/2 - vº º, * †† 3ºz.o. /747 zá ZZ v. 2% ~~~~ or 2-2-4-6 Žov.zzzzzzo. 24 x * * * * * *- - //d ~2%z /.3°/2 C2 23.2% º 42 22*.* azºº. "… z-axº~~2:2| (2.2% e Žºv.74s-47.> 22% *- * * * * –/24 */9 — — — /32.2° 23.222. Z/2,~~~2. zºº-ºº-ººse as " sº- - 2.2 2.22 2.2.2.2 × 4-4-2 /*-*7 - - - - - - - - - º 2…~ *% º/2 zcz, Z7% 4 /222ſ Z737 & Z4% Z.Z.S.Z. %22,-73-22 /…' ~42 ~~2% /… %2-22.2%22%22 *zzº- 2,2'-º-º: * - #1 Z/4 a &e 24-4-2.92*22. . . .3 * . .2 - - - f - . - -- '• . * …” , z, & z’ 22. - 9.2% 4…~22-2 //42 223 %22-— ;: /zºº/737-4-2-2 ºzzá 3- zsz., J.223 Z24, 33 ea Zºº ~44.2//?o cº-cz - - - ~ . . . " Zºº /zoº/737 7 %. 292 sea Z. 42.7-2.22222222, c. & zºº-ººººººººº '. : - 2 2-4-24: * fº 23-zº 22 $2. Hº-ſº * 2: rººs 1: . . .4. - ~~ Qſìje [aſkerg. 487 The names of the brothers were Jonathan, Samuel, and Aaron. Samuel was quick to perceive in the plodding industry and mechanical ingenuity of his brother Aaron, displayed in the trifling iron working in which he was part of his time engaged, the germ of a business capable of large and profitable extension. Nor was his sagacity at fault. Annexed is given a fac-simile of what he calls “A sketch of the proceedings of the Foundry, &c.,” but his descendants possess in Samuel Walker's own handwriting (as is the “sketch,”) a complete record, year by year, from 1741 to 1782 (and continued to 1797) of the amplest detail of the progress of the works, both as to the buildings erected in Masbrough and in the neighbouring places, and of the different descriptions of goods manufactured, their tonnage and value. Thus describing, as can be rarely met with, the gradual building up of a business which rivalled, if it did not surpass, the greatest iron industries of the age, and may be said to have pioneered the vast undertakings of the present time in the iron trade. Objection was however made to the use of the interesting and important document referred to, although every page in it is an illustration of energy, Sagacity, and corresponding success, rarely equalled, and in which the Divine hand is recognised by the writer of it, and practically acknowledged in the erection of schools and places of worship as opportunity arises. Surely some time, wiser counsels, and a juster appreciation of what is due to the true dignity and exalted character of such an honour to his kind as Samuel Walker was, will prevail, and the contents of the document be made acceessible. Fortunately, the lesser “sketch” here given, and some use which seems to have been permitted of the more complete account to the compiler of the pedigree, and information derived from abstracts of deeds, &c., an adequate view of the origin and establishment of the works in question, will thus be supplied. “In 1741, Aaron Walker and John Crawshaw tried at Foundering in pots in Abraham Booth's Smithy at Oughty Bridge, but without success.” From the business diary of the firm, it appears that “In or about October or November, 1741, Samuel and Aaron Walker built an air furnace in the old nailer's smithy on the backside of Samuel Walker's cottage, at Grenoside, making some small addition thereto, and another little hutt or two, slating with sods, &c., with a small garth walled in, and after rebuilding the chimney or stack once, and the furnace once or more times, began to proceed a little, Samuel Walker teaching the school at Grenoside, which he gave up in 1745, and Aaron Walker making nails, and mowing and shearing, &c., part of his time.” In the next year they made goods to about the value of £5. Samuel Walker says “about five tons of castings, I think,” were made. The next three or four years saw a gradual increase of the business, and, in 1745, Samuel Walker was obliged, on this account, to give up his school, and they were enabled to allow themselves ten shillings a week for the maintenance of their families. Samuel built himself a house, and thought he was fixed for life. John Crawshaw had been allowed 12d. a day. The year 1746 shewed such an increase in business that the necessity of being near a navigable river became apparent; and although Samuel Walker had considered himself fixed for life at Grenoside, it was this year determined to make a beginning at Masbrough, near Rotherham, where a casting-house was built, with two air furnaces, and a smithy adjoining, on land purchased from Benjamin Drabble; and Aaron Walker removed to Masbrough. Surely there is nothing in this remarkable start on a high and honourable career but what redounds to the credit of the brothers, and most significantly indicates the skill, perseverance, and indomitable spirit by which they were actuated, and through which their ultimate success was secured. It is hardly conceivable that even Samuel Walker's sagacious mind could at that time grasp the manifold and peculiar advantages concentrated in this the selected sphere of his future operations and enterprises. These inestimable advantages consisted of water power, there being then no steam engines; and of water carriage, indispensable to the heavy work they were destined to produce. Around and about them, almost untouched, were coal and ironstone fields, stone, clay, wood; and every other description of material, and every facility required for building at that period, lay ready to their hand. More than this, there was an able, but eccentric and needy nobleman, to whom the immediate district belonged, and who was very willing to recruit an impoverished 488 '', 330th crijam. exchequer, by selling a vast undeveloped California of mineral wealth, on terms so easy as to ensure rapid and inevitable success. It has been stated that on one occasion the Marquis of Rockingham rendered needful assistance, but we have no authentic information of such being the case or that it was required; also that in a contention with the River Dun Company, carried from York to the higher courts, respecting water power and privileges, Samuel Walker not being satisfied with the way in which his case was put by counsel, asked leave to state it himself, which, on being granted, resulted in a decision in his favour. If such a circumstance happened (and they had an expensive action of this kind in 1762), it is one very much out of the usual course. In the meanwhile, from 1746, the period of their coming down to the Holmes and to Masbrough, great strides in their progress had been made; Samuel Walker, in partnership with Mr. John Booth, had built and commenced a steel furnace at Masbrough, and a dwelling-house being built adjoining the steel furnace, he came in 1749 to live there. # In 1753. A keel, called “Providence,” was built, and land in the Yellands purchased. In 1754. Another keel, called the “Industry,” was built, and a warehouse at the Cut-bridge, in which Mr. Booth and Mr. Hamer had shares. 1756. Ten years after coming down to Masbrough 308} tons of castings were made of the supposed value of £6,800 (when ſ 140 each had been divided); and Samuel Walker very humbly says, “I hope the forge, &c., may answer it.” He went the way to assure its doing so, “S. Walker also purchased land and built a school at the top of the Yellands:” this was afterwards known as Pool Green. Surely an act like this calls for admiration and esteem. From ten shillings a week less than ten years previously, having reached the prodigal sum of £140 a year, and that being appropriated with great diffidence, at this period of personal prosperity, what is the conduct of this clever and successful business man?—he builds a school “at his own expense.” During this period, what was designated the hamlet of Masbrough, was being crowded from the Holmes to Rotherham Bridge with furnaces, mills, workshops, steelworks, and forges, and enlarged operations were still being carried on at Grenoside. The next year, the “sketch” has a curt mention of a very considerable matter: “We also purchased the Holmes estate.” This would, at that time, be the agreement for it, as will be found afterwards, and would, no doubt, be the notice to quit of the Holmes Hall, by Thomas, Earl of Effingham, as celebrated by our homely bard, john Davison :- “Holmes, the late residence of a noble peer, In Smoke convolved, doth sable garments wear; Nobility by trade was forced away, Nor on encumber'd ground could longer stay.” 1758. It will be noticed that a great detail is given of work done in all departments and in different places, and especially in the various roads, of which it is written, “and made almost incredible improvements;” and the writer seems unable to restrain his exultant and grateful feelings, and exclaims “ GLORIA DEo.” 1762. “This year the meeting-house was built as far as covered in.” This was the first Independent Chapel at Masbrough. During several years afterwards, the works were being extended to the neighbouring villages; houses, a barn, foldstead, &c., were built at Thrybergh Forge, and also some warehouses. 1766. Another ten years, and the clear capital is supposed to be £31,000, besides the A 350 to be divided as soon as convenient. Tons. cwts. st. 1bs. Castings during the year . . . & º e e º - 622 16 7 5 In the following years the considerable additions to the works and additional dwelling- houses and preparations were being made for carrying on the gun trade; a farm house was built at Kimberworth, and another at Scholes. The number of “sad irons,” or flat irons used by the laundress, which composed so great a weight of their castings, seems enormous: Qſìje Čía Iñerg. 489 Tons. cwts. St. lbs. Sent to London . e e º e 58 I 7 5 In 1775. - Other places 33 5 2 8 Guns & º e º & In 1776. Effects estimated at £87,500. November, 1775 to 1776. Castings, exclusive of Guns Sad Irons to London 33 Country 42 12 o 7 36 2 2 5 Debentures for Guns Other Goods as above Tons. cwts. St. lbs. 9I 7 I I3 4O I6 6 II 709 I6 6 4 78 I4 2 I2 45O II 2 5 709 I6 6 4 I, I6O 8 O 9 In the year following the growth and production is vastly cumulative at Conisbrough, Kimberworth Park, Highfield, Bradgate, Canklow, &c. 1777. Aaron Walker died and was buried in the chapel yard, and a monument erected. 1778. Jonathan Walker, the third partner in the Firm, but the eldest brother died. He had managed the Farms, Teams, roads, &c. Tons. cwts. st. 1bs. 1780. Guns . e 872 o 7 13 Other Castings 897 IO 3 8 1781. Guns . º I22O 18 O 9 Other Castings 8O2 9 I Io 1782. 12 May Is signalized by “the irreparable loss of by death of the first partner of the Firm Samuel Walker, leaving a Widow, four Sons and three daughters.” The title of the Firm was now as formerly SAMUEL WALKER & CO., And composed of Partners in the following order:- SAMUEL WALKER, JOSHUA WALKER, JOSEPH WALKER, THOMAS WALKER, JONATHAN WALKER, JOHN WALKER, JOHN CRAWSHAW. He was buried at Ecclesfield. Tons. cwts. St. lbs. I769 II 3 7 2O23 7 2 5 In the following year John Walker left the firm, and his shares were divided amongst the four brothers. 1784. Monument to our good Father put up. In 1785. Mr. Joshua Walker nearly completed his New House, Stables, &c., at Clifton. 1786. Built the Dwelling House at the East side of the Farm Yard at Eastwood Farm. Mr. Joseph Walker built his new House on Eastwood-hill. After the death of the first partner of the firm these entries were much fewer, and the production and value were not given. I789. The Crawshaws, father and son, had notice given, and neither of them appeared again on the works as managers. I792. Rotherham Mill, altered from a Corn Mill, and a large Warehouse, and annealing Room added, also dwelling House, Counting House, Smiths' shop, Cow House, and a long Ashlar Wall by the Water side. In May, 1797, Joseph Walker desired to withdraw from the firm, and the effects were then stated to be, or rather to have been, on June 30th, 1796, £213,393, particulars of the carrying out of which will be given. 62 490 330th crijam. &The Hyolmeg >ate, I767. Exemplification of recovery. 1782. By Indres of Le and rele made Betwſ the Earl of Effingham deputy Earl Marshal of England and Catha Countess of Effingham his wife (which sq Earl was 1st son and sole heir of the body of the Rt Honbi Thomas then late Earl of Effm deputy Earl Marshal of England deceased who was the only son of the Rt Honbl Francis then late Lord Howard of Effm afterwards Earl of Effingham and deputy Earl Marshal of England deceased) Devisees named in the last Will and Testml of the Rt Honbi Frederick Henry Howard also deceased called Lord Frederick Howard being one of the sons of the most noble Henry once Duke of Norfolk deceased of the one part and Sam! Josua Josph and Thos Walker 4 sons and Devisees and Exors named in the Will of Samuel Walker the Elder Ironmaster. Reciting that sº S Walker had contracted with sº Earl for purchase &c of Land &c for # I4,500 and for a Covenant from Sº Earl concerning some Ironstone for 50 years from 7th May I78O. - - And reciting by sº S Walker's Will of 23 Feby as to distribution of property amongst sº 4 SOnS. And that sº S1 Walker died before sti Contract was carried into Excin. It was by the new Indre of rele witnessed that in consideration of £14,500 pd by the Sd Walkers the sº Earl did Grant &c. All that Capital Messuage called the Holmes Hall situate and being in the Manor of Kimberworth afsd and of all the Out Hs Buildings Courts Folds Yards Gardens Orchards and Appurts thereto belonging. All those closes or parcels of Ground lying or being at or near the place called the Holmes and in the Manor aforesd belonging to the sº messuage and then or there late respectively called the Laithe Close the Broom Close with the Garths or Gardens and the Upper Kettle Croft in or adjoining the same Broom Close the Long Close the I4 acre Close then divided into two closes the 8 acre Close the Cow Pasture the Matthew's Close with the Willow Garth in or adjoining the same The long Holmes the long Holmes bottom the Mug Close the Square Close the Horse pasture with the Garth or Garden in or adjoining the same the rough Holmes then divided into two Closes the throstle Holme the 6 acre Close and the round Table And all those two other Closes pieces or parcels of Land lying or being at or near the Holmes and in the Manor of Kimberworth afsd then or there late severally called the Forge Close each of which did adjoin more or less to the East side of the Upper Kettle Croft And all Lands Roads and passages in and adjg to the sº Holmes premises and all other Lands Tenemts and Heredits whatsoever of him the sº Earl of Effingham site lying and being at the Holmes afsd with the appurts and all the privileges and appurts thereof And all Rectorial Tithes and Heredits which she arise from the sd Lands Hereditaments and premises To hold the same To the use of the Sd 4 sons in equal undivided 4th Shares Covt of the sq Earl to levy fine. I4 Aug 1782. Indre of Bargain and Sale enrolled in Chancery. Mich] term º: Of Fine 23 Geo. III.) Covt for production of Deeds. 29 and 30 Sept 1775. Manor and Lordship of Rothm Rectory &c. mortgaged to Thos. Lodge John Arthington and John Benthal of Leeds Bank for £ IOOOO. 12 and 13 Aug 1776. Released and mtgage to River Dun Co for £6,000. The said Earl in Consideration of £6,000 did convey and assº certain Corn Mill Messuage and other Premises in Rothm nr the river Dun with Lands Works and Forges thereto adjoing with certain Lands in the Manor of Kimberworth near the River Dun. Aug. 16, 1782. Reciting among other recitals That Harrison Pilkington having called in sd £12,000 the said Earl had pº him £4,000 in part and all interest and being desirous to discharge the sº estate so comprised in the sq mtgage from the same and to pay the sº Harrison Pilkington & 8,000 in full, had applied to the sº Proprietors of the River Dun to advance him the same and the si Pilkington did grant to Sam! Phipps to the use of the said proprietors All that Manor of Rotherham with the Rectory and Advowson of the Parish Church there, and the sq ancient Messuage called Eastwood, and all the closes then lying within a ring fence and 225a. Ir. 36p, then late in the occupation of John Hay, and all other the Messuages Farms Lands Mills and Heredits which by the said &c. &c. s 4. Jºº. Copy Will of sºi Sam! Walker &c. in pursuance of an Agreem lately had I792 betwm him and his brother respecting their Partnership concern gave and devised unto his 3 brothers Josua Josph and Thos Walker. All the parts or shares and Intt which he then possessed in and to all the freehold Messuages Land Tenemts and Heredits whats" and wherest which he had in Partnership with his Sd Brothers and others. And also the Leasehold and or property Stock-in-Trade Goods Chattels and Effects whats" which he also held in the Sº Pºnership. The Cºalkers. 49 I To hold to his sibros &c. duly paying unto his personal Estate the full sum of £41,000 with lawful Intt as a Consideration for the absolute purchase of all his shares and intºs in the sq Partnership. In Trust for his sº Son Sam! Walker until 21. 27 May 1793. Betwſ the 3 Bros. of the I 2 and 3 pt and Jonn Walker of the 4 pt. Reciting certain Indres of Le and rele dated I and 2 April last the rele of 3 parts and made Betwm the sd Josua Josph and Thos Walker of the 1st pt sº Jonn of 2nd pt and Wm Stanley Gent and Wm. Yates junior of 3d pt Conveying to sº Stanley and Yates 3 undivided 18th parts of the sd Holmes Hall Also the Closes at the Holmes aforesd called (inter alia the Laithe Close the Broom Close) to hold unto the sº Stanley and Yates To the use of the sd Jonn Walker And reciting that the sº several parties thereto were seized to them and their heirs in the several proportions after mentd namely each of the sº Josua Josph and Thos Walker were entitled to 5 undivided 18th parts and the sº Jonn to 3 rems undivided 18th parts of and in (amongst divers &c.) A Close called Clough lane Close in Kimberworth contg 3a. 27. Op. of Edwd Bownes Devisees in occupation of Josua Walker & Co and also another close called the Bownes Close in Brinsworth purchased of Rawson Aslabie and other contg 8 acres in possession of sq Co And reciting that the sº sev parties were also possessed in the proportions aforesd to a considerable stock-in-trade consisting of a variety of goods manufactured and unmanfa with machinery materials and implem's of trade &c goods and chattels all which with the sº works lands tenem's and heredits had been estimated at 4, 134,698. Also reciting that the s” parties had carried on and being desirous of continuing and for the term of 21 years from the 1st day of Oct. 1791 Wherefore it was mutually agreed that they should do so That the sº Trades shq be carried on in the Messuages Works and Premises at Masbro Kimberworth Brinsworth Conisbro Thrybergh Rawmarsh and Rotherham &c under the Firm of Joshua Walker & Co Concern divd in 18 parts Josua Josph and Thos 5 each and Jonn the remaing 3 That none of the parties sha sell without consent in six months' notice and the others to have first offer but any of the 3 she have power to dispose of any part of their shares to Sam! Walker (an infant) when 21 years of age. 24 and 25 May 1797 It is agreed betwm sº Josph Walker of the one part and Josua Thos and Jonn of the other in the following terms: That Josph Walker had for many years been concerned with them, &c. And rects that the sº several parties were also concerned in ptnership with Wm. Booth of Masbro in the Steel trade in which Trade or Business and the Stock Josua Josph and Thos had IO parts the whole being divided into 48 parts sº Jonn 6 parts and sº Wm. Booth rems I2 parts or Shares. That at the last valuation of the stock of the sº partnership taken 30 June 1796 then last past the same (including steel trade) amounted to £213,393 and that the sº Josph Walker being desirous of selling his Shares, the sº Josua Thos and Jonn gave him Bond in Penal sum of £ IOO,OOO conditioned for the paymt to the sº Josph Walker of the Sum of £59,275 I6s. 8d, as the value &c. I and 2 Feb. 18OI. 2-18" shares conveyed to Sam! Walker in consideration of the sum of A33,820 by the sº Sam! Walker p" to Josua Walker and Thos Walker. - 22 Feb. 1805. Probate Copy of the Will of Jonn Walker the Father to his son. I3 March 1813. Probate Copy of the Will of Josua Walker to his sons Henry Walker and Josua Walker in equal shares. 4 and 5 Feby 1819. It is stated that altho the sº term of 21 years had long since expired yet the sº Ptnership concern had cont" to be carried on that the Estates property and Effects of s” Co-partnership were proportioned as follows sº Thos Walker in 4-13" parts Sam! Walker to 2 Jonn to 3 and Henry Walker and Josua Walker to the remg 4-13" part shares. This seems to bring the arrangements of the partners amongst themselves to a close. The final close of these stupendous iron works, as conducted in the name of Walker & Co., followed in two or three years, and this close was distinguished by an achievement forming a grand climax to a grand career. •. From the beginning of the century, the works in all their branches had continued to increase, especially in the manufacture of cannon, until the termination of the Peninsular War in 1815. At this period the Walkers undertook (and it is said, they were the only house who could take the contract) to cast the Southwark Bridge, designed by Rennie, which crosses the Thames, at, according to the prospectus, an estimated cost of £287,000, and which weighed from five to six thousand tons, they having, it may be stated, previously cast the Sunderland and Yarm Bridges. Southwark Bridge was looked upon at the time as 492 330th crijam. the great wonder of the day; and whilst the centre arch, which spanned two hundred and forty feet, (the other two spanning two hundred and ten feet each) was being put together at the Holmes, thousands and tens of thousands of persons were drawn there ; Sundays especially brought crowds week after week. Of course the road traffic between Rotherham and Sheffield was vastly increased, and the institution of the peculiar kind of conveyance, called “Waterloos,” carriages both open and closed, which carried from eight to ten passengers, was one of the indirect, but questionable advantages derived from this colossal undertaking. These were in time superseded by the “little pocket railway ” between Rotherham and Sheffield. The prospectus of Southwark Bridge, which bears no date, recites at considerable length the advantages expected to be derived from its erection, stating that “An Act of Parliament having passed to incorporate the subscribers to this undertaking, and to enable them to raise the necessary funds by transferable shares of £100 each, for building the bridge, and making the necessary streets to communicate therewith,” the directors proceed to set forth in detail the circumstances in which the great increase of the population of the Surrey side of the river, and the adjacent villages, are placed for want of a more direct communication with the city; the crowding of the avenues of London Bridge, and the obstruction of traffic thereby, involving the necessity of a situation for an additional bridge being provided. That from the many advantages offered, and the minimum of difficulties to be surmounted, from the width of the river being not more than two-thirds its width at Blackfriars, and the bed of the river at this point being well calculated to sustain the foundation, and other equally favourable features, the site selected for the bridge recommends itself as in every respect specially eligible, “conducing to give confidence and encouragement to the proposed undertaking.” “That Mr. Rennie has been applied to for a design “ ” * which in its structure is not equalled in magnificence by any bridge in Europe.” “It consists of three arches, most elegantly composed of cast-iron, the centre arch two hundred and forty feet span, and the side ones two hundred and ten feet each, the piers and abutments of stone, of a simple and chaste style.” It proceeds to state that “Mr. Rennie's estimate amounts to £287,000, including an allowance for incidents and contingencies of twenty per cent. on the actual calculations of the cost of the structure.” Statements are given in detail of the revenues which would be derived from London and Blackfriars Bridges, if subject to the same moderate tolls as are proposed to be taken for the Southwark Bridge, amounting to £265,551 per annum. The tolls proposed to be levied are for Foot-passengers g . Id, each. - Waggons ſº e º 8d. , Carts and Drays & . 4d. , Coaches . o e o 6d. , Gigs and Tax" Carts. . 4d. , Horses º e Iºd. , #, S. d. At this rate the annual produce of London Bridge would be . I 57,903 II 2 Blackfriars . e • e IO7,647 I2 7 4, 265,55I 3 9 The amount does not quite agree with the foregoing. Suppose the new bridge is opened in three years, the neighbourhood -- of Southwark greatly improved and increased, the passage over this bridge more convenient to a greater part of the population than }{88,517 O O over either of the others, it may not be too much to expect that one-third of the above revenue which would annually amount to But if one-fourth to . - e • º - º - & . 66,387 I6 O ,, one-fifth to . - - e º -> • - e e 53, I IO 4 O ,, one-sixth to . º & º e - & - e . 44,258. IO O After recounting other prospective advantages required to create confidence, it is Stated: - - º - | - | | | | | | | | * º * | | Hill tº : * ----- Qſìje Čía Ił ºrg. 4.93 A power is given by the Act to pay interest at five per cent, from the time of subscribing until the bridge be opened, and then ten per cent, from the tolls. - The Directors appointed by the Act are: WM. SALT, ESQ. WM. SLADE, ESQ. ROBT. WILKS, ESQ. JoHN WYATT, ESQ. JOHN ALLNUTT, ESQ. JAMES BREWER, ESQ. JOHN CURWOOD, ESQ. CHAS. HUTTON, LL.D. JOHN JACKSON, ESQ., M.P. HENRY PERKINS, ESQ. ROBT. POTT, ESQ. JNO. RAMSBOTTOM, ESQ., M.P. CHAS. RANKIN, ESQ. JOHN RIPLEY, ESQ. The Deposit to be £2 Ios. per share. It was an unfortunate speculation both for the constructors and shareholders, as all who have been in the habit of visiting that part of London, for thirty to forty years since its erection, can testify. After a tedious negociation, the bridge became the property of the Corporation of the city of London. A noble street of palatial warehouses, extending on that side the Thames from Southwark Bridge to Blackfriars Bridge has been formed, and Southwark Street has become one of the most important centres of business for leading London houses. Whilst, with respect to Southwark Bridge, notwithstanding its structural claims to admiration, so long comparatively disused, deserted, and drear, the scene is now changed, the tolls are abolished, and our noble, native bridge is thronged by crowds of passengers and heavy traffic, commensurate with its vast cost, substantial structure, and fine design. It is said Tom Paine first suggested the erection, or very much improved the construction of iron bridges. He did spend a long time at the Masbrough Works in constructing a model on a large scale, but which was not carried out further; he occupied the office in the wood yard, the building is still in existence, as a malt-kiln; it is also said he there wrote his “Age of Reason.” The great attention required by this vast undertaking caused dangerous neglect of the other branches of their manufacture, and this was one cause which contributed to the downfall of the far-famed Holmes Works. It is stated that the last visit of Joshua Walker to the Holmes, was to see the first casting of the bridge. The new proprietors were another, and as they thought, a higher class of men, of liberal education, of gentlemanly habits, and of pursuits incompatible with that untiring energy and sleepless vigilance, which had marked their predecessors. This soon brought about the inevitable result, and gave rival establishments, which had been brought out by the success of their predecessors, opportunities of supplanting them, which were diligently and successfully prosecuted. Some of the works were shut up, and others carried on for a while in a very sickly condition, until at last all changed hands. Samuel Walker, of Aldwark Hall, grandson of the original Samuel Walker, with his cousin William Yates, purchased the Gospel Oak Iron Works, Forges, and Rolling Mills, and in 1822 removed the models and * The two following extracts are from letters written by him to Thomas Walker, Esq., then of Rotherham : “London, Jany. I6, 1789. “Dear Sir, “I received your friendly letter, for which I thank you. Nothing very material has occurred since, or I should have wrote you. The severity of the weather has put a stop to everything, even to the tides. “Politics have been at a stand, and bridge building has partook of the general stagnation, “I intended writing to the president of the Board of Works—my friend Yates, but I have written you so long a letter that there is not time. “Your affectionate friend, “And obedient humble servant, “THOMAS PAINE.” “ To Thomas Walker, Esq., Rotherham, Yorkshire. London, Feby. 24, 1789. “Dear Sir, “Your favour of the 23 is just come to hand, for which I thank you. I wrote to the president of the Board of Works last Monday, wishing him to begin making preparation for erecting the arch. I am so confident of his judgment, that I can safely rely upon his going on as far as pleases without me, and at any rate I shall not be long before I visit Rotherham. “I had a letter yesterday from Mr. Foljambe, apologizing for being obliged unexpectedly to leave Town without calling on me, but that he should be in London again in a few days—he concludes his letter by saying—“I saw the Rib of your Bridge. In point of elegance and beauty it far exceeds my expectations, and is certainly beyond anything I ever saw.’ You will please inform the president what Mr. Foljambe says, as I think him entitled to participate in the applause. Mr. Fox, of Derby, called again on me last evening respecting the Bridge, but I was not at home. There is a project of erecting a Bridge at Dublin, which will be a large undertaking, and as the Duke of Leinster and the other Deputies from Ireland are arrived, I intend making an opportunity of speaking to them on that business. “I am, Sir, your sincere friend and humble servant, “THOMAS PAINE.” 4.94 330th crijam. machinery for making cannon from the Holmes to Gospel Oak. After attaining great eminence for superior make of engineering iron, from some cause the speculation proved unsuccessful; but afterwards, in the hands of two sons of Samuel Walker, a considerable fortune was realised by them. The casting of the colossal segments of Southwark Iron Bridge was the appropriate crowning achievement of the wonderful career of this widely-extended and hitherto wisely- conducted concern. Some few authentic particulars in connection with a success so honourable to the place, and to the persons who accomplished it, cannot but be acceptable, even at a period when the energy and enterprise then required to confront the difficulties of such an undertaking have ceased to be a matter of astonishment or unusual occurrence. Mr. William Yates, and his eldest son, William, were the agents engaged in devising and carrying out the planning, direction, and mechanical execution of the work. To William Yates and his son was consigned the superintendence of the execution of the bridge to be manufactured at the Holmes. The first particular of the gigantic work worthy of note is, that there was one piece of iron, the pier plate on the Southwark side of the river, which weighs nineteen tons, a size wholly unprecedented at that date, and which even now would be considered a large casting. To effect this all the blast furnaces, and other re-melting furnaces, had to be charged, so that they might be ready for tapping, and for the cast at one and the same time, and they were fortunate enough at the first attempt to accomplish a successful piece of extraordinary work. It may be here incidentally mentioned that the first steam engine introduced into the South Yorkshire iron district, was made by Boulton and Watts, and used only when occasion required, to assist and supplement the waterwheels which drove the machinery of Walkers’ works. The Southwark Bridge was cast and fitted at the Holmes, and the centre arch erected there, to the immense excitement, as has been already stated, of all the district; and the attracting of such large concourses of people, especially on the Sunday, required large preparations to be made by the bakers, for provisions for them on that day. When sent to London, all the several castings were so marked that on their arrival there, very little trouble was required in selecting the proper pieces, and carefully adjusting them to each other. It is worthy of remark, as testifying to the extreme care and exactness with which all was arranged, that no supplementary pieces had to be sent to London after the first despatch of the various parts, either large or small. So unprecedentedly large were the proportions of this huge bridge, that special vessels had to be provided for conveying the great and heavy sections of the ribs, spandrils, girders, &c. The transit of six thousand tons of cast iron work was in itself no insignificant part of the business. Mr. William Yates and his able son, had before this, superintended successfully the construction of other iron bridges. They had just completed Sunderland Bridge, then considered so grand a work of its kind, and such a triumph of skill in ironfounding, that the motto “Nil Desperandum,” on the central panel, was supposed to imply that after so gigantic a work in cast iron, as that was then considered to be, nothing need be despaired of Seeing these gentlemen were practised hands and conversant with the manufacturing requirements of such peculiar work, it is no disparagement to Mr. Rennie, that having designed and supplied the elevation of the Southwark bridge, he should confide to such competent hands the designing of details with which neither he nor any other engineer was then professionally acquainted. The usual order of things in such matters, was reversed, by the working drawings (so called) being made from the bridge, instead of the bridge from the working drawings. During the progress of the erection of the bridge over the Thames, the people of London were incredulous as to its standing, and on one occasion a rumour was spread abroad that the bridge was sinking. Mr. John Rennie, junior (afterwards Sir John Rennie) was at that time a young man naturally taking great interest in, and feeling proud of his father's great work; and the evil report having reached him one morning, he was hurrying down to the bridge in great excitement and trepidation, when he came upon Mr. William Yates, junior, who was going down leisurely in the same direction, and anxiously acquainted him with the sad news. Mr. Yates denounced it, with emphasis, as impossible, and on being (The Çıalkers. 495 asked by Mr. Rennie for the reasons of his confidence in its stability, Mr. Yates said he should first desire to know Mr. Rennie's reasons to the contrary; who stated, circum- stantially, what he had learned to justify his apprehensions. This was, that one of the lamp irons, on which were two out-stretching horizontal arms, was out of the level line, and hence the appearance which led to the notion that the bridge had given way. Mr. Yates then enquired whether, if the bridge had sunk, as Mr. Rennie imagined, the lamp post was standing on air, and if, supposing the “cant” out of the perpendicular to be true, he thought the lamp post would not have gone down together with the girder? Mr. Rennie saw that he had without reflecting, accepted the popular error, and on investigating the real cause of the report, it was found, that as funds had become low towards the close of the contracts, the lamp iron, instead of being run in with lead, as it should have been, was fixed into its position with a kind of cement made of iron filings, &c.; and that the water having penetrated this mass, and frost following, it had caused ice to form, and the expansion had thus thrown out of perpendicular the lamp post, and the cross-bar arm not remaining on the level, had given rise to the disquieting alarm. The following balance sheet will show how seriously the expectations failed, and how far the engineering calculations fell short, of the actual and enormous cost. The bridge was an unfortunate speculation both for the constructors and shareholders at the time, and it is inconceivable how London men of business could be so far misled, and so far mislead others, as to the traffic and revenue expected to arise from the erection of a bridge, in what was for a great number of years the loneliest part of London. The following balance sheet was kindly furnished by the chief clerk at the bridge office, who said it had not been before given: SouTHWARK BRIDGE ComPANY. Statement of Capital raised, &c. Expenditure of Capital received. - ;6 S. d. #, S. d. - ź. S. d. By the issue of 2,737 * Amount paid for the purchase of various Shares of £Ioo each 273,700 O O property houses, and for site of bridge By the issue of 4,439 and approaches, after deducting for value Shares, deemed of the of property, and old materials, &c., like value, at £40 each 177,560 o o re-sold © tº ſº & e & 186,130 17 3 By amount of forfeited 5, IO2 IO O Contract for Masonry, &c., of bridge . 277,607 16 6 —— 456,362 Io o Ditto for iron work of ditto . & IO6,925 Io 4 By the issue of 1,700 Ditto for approaches. te te & • 36,434 8. I Shares, having a pre- Miscellaneous expenses, including law ex- ferable interest to the penses, surveyor’s plans, estimates, extent of 7% per cent., office expenses, printing and stationery 59,387 16 6 provided the tolls yield as much as £50 . . 85,000 o o By endorsement on old Shares, £13 each, having a like preference at 73 per cent. 65,000 o o g *=g I5O,OOO O O Amount of Toll Money, Interest, &c., appro- priated to discharge claims . & . I3,625 7 7. Sums abated from various accounts of contractors and others 46,498 II I 60,123 18 8 A 666,486 8 8 A 666,486 8 8 & Something would, no doubt, be known at the time of the great difference between the estimated cost of the engineer, Mr. Rennie, and the actual cost; but when, as in the foregoing account, it appears that the contract for the masonry alone amounts to nearly the entire estimated cost of the bridge, it is a most flagrant example of the unreliability of the calculations of even, the most eminent men. However deplorable might be the fault concerning the cost, there was none in the design, the result being an elegant and substantial bridge. 496 330th crijam. Now that the outlay on such structures has ceased to be a consideration, and the river is spanned at any desired point irrespective of cost, it has not as yet, notwithstanding all the affluence and enterprize of the period, been spanned by anything more stable in structure, or handsome in appearance. Its acquisition is an honour to the Corporation of London, and will, no doubt, be also an important contributor to its ample revenues. In the “Chronicles of London Bridge,” it is stated “that the first stone was laid by the late Admiral Lord Keith, at twelve o'clock on Thursday, May 23, 1815, the Bill for erecting it having passed May 6, 1811, and that the whole work was estimated at £400,000, and the edifice was opened by lamp-light on Wednesday, March 24, 1819, as the clock of St. Paul's Cathedral tolled midnight.” Southwark Bridge. An anecdote may fitly relieve this ponderously heavy subject, which, however trifling it may appear, will be recognised by some as strikingly characteristic of one of the men to whom it relates. When the bridge had been successfully completed and opened, the Messrs. Yates were invited to a grand dinner given by the scientific and engineering notabilities. Mr. Yates, senior, was one of the stolid old school, and had for years stedfastly adhered to the old fashioned knee-breeches, and brown-top boots, or long gaiters; but on this occasion he was persuaded to wear his first pair of trousers. Mr. John Rennie, junior, was a wag, and in the age of dandies, a dandy. On meeting Mr. Yates on this occasion, he expressed his great admiration at the cut of his new nether garments, and jokingly asked Mr. Yates for an introduction to the maker of them. Mr. Yates's humour was most brusque and caustic, and on this occasion, it did not fail him. Accordingly, in reply, he promised to do so, if Mr. John Rennie would first recommend his staymaker to his, Mr. Yates's, patronage. The hardness of the hit could only be felt by those who were acquainted with the amplitude of the old gentleman's proportions. It did not require much to create a local sensation in the early part of the century, and Mr. Yates's appearance in trousers, on his return to Rotherham, was sufficient to do this. The stout and stalwart figure of the father was well known for a great number of years in Rotherham, he being generally consulted when buildings or matters of public importance were undertaken. One of the last public buildings on which he was engaged was the present Court House. He had a remarkably fine family of sons and daughters, of whom William was the eldest son, a fine handsome man, standing six feet three inches high; he was one of the first volunteers for the Corps of Yeomanry Cavalry, who were then Qſìje Čialkerg. 497 toasted as “the first fifteen.” It is said that this “first fifteen * were so named as being the germ of that arm of the national defence during the great French war, which spread into every county in England. It is claimed for Rotherham that it was the first town to devote its sons to this service at that time. If so, it is an honour worthy of record. A few particulars of the life of a Rotherham man, at that time so distinguished in connection with Walkers' Works, as Mr. William Yates, junior, can hardly be out of place here. On leaving Rotherham he joined Mr. Samuel Walker in taking the Gospel Oak Works, in Staffordshire, in 1817, being then thirty-six years of age. He speedily made those works celebrated as the best manufactory for all kinds of new and specially difficult engineering requirements, which since then have become more and more necessary to meet the improvements in every branch of technical science. The brand for their iron and trade mark was “GöO’’ from the first letters of Gospel Oak and the intervening anchor from the Anchor Wharf, their London Office, in Upper Thames Street, and was esteemed, during Mr. Yates's residence in Staffordshire, as the best made in that district; and he himself was generally acknowledged as the “engineers' ironmaster,” in compliment to his having entrusted to him the most difficult problems in iron work to execute. The necessity for constant consultation or intercourse with the engineers, and with his other London customers, made it requisite that he should be much of his time in London; and as he managed the works also, he had to travel generally twice a week for thirteen years of his life, winter and Summer, from Birmingham to London. He was too tall to ride comfortably inside a coach, so he spent two nights a week on the box seat of a fast drag, and being “a crack whip,” he often took the reins. Had he not had a constitution and a strength of body and will almost equal to the metal he manufactured, he could not have lived through the arduous duties of that period of his life, and yet it did not seem to have done him harm, as he attained the good old age of eighty-four, and was strong and active until a week or two before his demise. Amongst the important works which may be mentioned, and which he undertook, was the manufacture of the first iron rails that ever were made. Mr. Edward Pease, of Darlington, the “father of railways,” as he has been called, asked him to see him on the subject of the permanent rails for the Stockton and Port Clarence line. On reaching Stockton, Mr. Yates found that the company were not prepared with any settled pattern for rail and chair. He sought out a model-maker, named Hutton, and gave him instructions to work all night at designs prepared by himself, which he did; and when Mr. Pease, on their interview in the morning, apologised for not being prepared with patterns of what they wanted, Mr. Yates produced his models, which gave the greatest satisfaction, and secured the order. This was the “day of small things,” and the single-headed rails only weighed thirty-eight pounds to the yard. They were of the best iron, and when they were to be sold in 1851, Mr. Yates being written to by his son, to ask what would be best to be done with them, replied, “Cut them up into billets, and roll them into cable bolts;” which was done by Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughan, and thus the old worn-out rails were transformed into chain cables. - Our further notices must be brief. Dining one day at Liverpool, with Mr. George Stephenson, Mr. Jesse Hartley, engineer of the Liverpool Docks, and Mr. James, the subject of railways being introduced, Mr. Yates claimed to have suggested the construction of the Liverpool and Manchester railway; and at the dinner given at the opening, on the health of Mr. James being given as the promoter, he disavowed the honour, giving it to Mr. Yates, and related how the railway had originated. He seems to have been concerned more or less with the suspension bridges at Hammersmith and Shoreham; and when the Buda and Pesth bridge was in contemplation, Baron Rothschild, of Paris, directed the Hungarian deputation to see Mr. Yates, and Count Stephan Szechengi, Count Caroli, Count Andrassy, and Mons. Peschner were frequently with him, and were recommended by him to engage Mr. Tierney Clark, which they did; and the bridge over the Danube was completed by an English contractor. Mr. Yates was also to some extent contractor for several of the London water works. 63 498 - 330th crijam. When Mahomet Ali became independent Pacha of Egypt, he determined to obtain a complete armament, and through Mr. Samuel Briggs, Consul at Alexandria, Mr. Yates was consulted and entrusted with the order, the execution of which took several years. The origination of the London and Birmingham line has a piquancy about it rather peculiar. The heavy night work and exposure to which Mr. Yates had been so long subjected, made him very solicitous for the relief which would be afforded to himself and others by the establishment of such a line of rails. In conjunction with Mr. Josiah Corrie, his friend, a solicitor in good practice in Birmingham, he visited London on this errand. Mr. Yates was intimate with Mr. Giles, the engineer of the Holyhead line of road just completed, and borrowed the plans of the survey between London and Birmingham, and sallied forth with a large roll of these drawings under his arm in company with Mr. Corrie. Mr. Yates stood about six feet three inches, and a giant in proportions and strength, and Mr. Corrie was six feet six inches, so that they formed a formidable couple walking along the Strand. They there met Mr. George Barker, the head of one of the first firms of solicitors in Birmingham—they ascertained from each other that their object was the same, when Mr. Yates struck in with, “I think, Mr. Barker, we are rather in advance of you with our plans,” tapping his roll of borrowed surveys; “I have here the levels of the entire route from London to Birmingham.” Of course Mr. Barker expressed his surprise at the secresy which had been observed, but it was agreed that they should dine together, and talk matters over; this resulted in the scheme being carried out under the joint solicitorship of Mr. Josiah Corrie and Mr. George Barker. When the Master and Workmens' Act was brought before Parliament, Mr. Yates urged upon Mr. Joseph Hume, M.P., to introduce a clause protecting men willing to keep to their work, and who were satisfied with their masters’ terms, from being compelled to strike through intimidation. On Mr. Hume assuring him that he dare not propose such a clause, Mr. Yates betook himself to Lord Stanley (the late Earl of Derby) who recognised the absolute necessity for such a provision, which he introduced into the bill then under consideration, and it was carried. With this last important service rendered to his country we must close this meagre notice of Mr. William Yates. - As stove-grate works have since become a distinguishing staple of the town and trade of Rotherham, it may be here incidentally stated that it was not one particularly cultivated by the Walkers, but what was done by them in this department seems to have been of a high character, as may be learnt by a careful study of their productions. The following observations have been obligingly furnished by Mr. Charles Green, who has made for himself a highly artistic position, and whose judgment in such matters is to be relied on : As to the Walker Stoves, to the intelligent art student they are indeed a very valuable study, forming as they do a chain in art history, of which the works of Wedgwood, in pottery, and Bewick, in wood engraving, are also notable examples; these artists in their works strove to make their art work pleasing by the introduction of pretty and cheerful every-day subjects. Thus, among the Walker Stoves are some eminently fitted for the nursery, on which rabbits, doves, &c., are beautifully modelled; the drawing-room stoves possibly show a group of musical instruments, dancing figures, &c., and other stoves, symbolical designs suitable to their several rooms; but never under any circumstances do we find subjects introduced which leave an unpleasant impression on the mind. - It is to be regretted that the name of the artist is not known, but it is a question worthy of attention whether some of the artists engaged on Wedgwood ware, did not also work on the Walker Stoves, seeing that the work is done in the same style and with equal talent. There is one notable circumstance which may help a decision. Flaxman was largely engaged in Wedgwood work; and in Rotherham Church, and other places in the neighbourhood, are specimens of his sculpture; showing that he had some connection in the neighbourhood. Was that connection with Walkers, and did it influence their designs P I think it is somewhat probable, but have no data except the work itself. The banking establishments of Walker, Eyre, and Stanley, at Rotherham and Sheffield, have not been adverted to ; nor yet what is more connected with the present subject, their large lead and shot works. The following incident, although not local, connected with their operations of this kind in the south, is worth preserving : * a “ The History and Antiquities of Canonbury House, at Islington,” by }ohn Nichols, F.S.A., 4to., London, 1788. The Cºalkers. 499 “Along this common" (a little common near the boundaries of the parishes of Hackney and Islington) “is an ancient footpath to London, which leads by the side of an extensive white lead manufactory, in the possession of Samuel Walker and Co., very considerable ironmasters at Masbrough, near Rotherham, in Yorkshire, who erected here, in 1786, a curious windmill, for the purpose of grinding lead, differing in two remarkable particulars from common windmills, viz.: first, That the brick tower of it is crowned with a great wooden top or cap, to which are affixed on the one side of it the flyers, and on the opposite a gallery, which serves as a great gnomon, if it may be so called, whereby the whole top is turned round at pleasure, so as to bring the flyers into that direction which is most convenient with respect to the wind; and secondly, that instead of four, the usual number of flyers, this is furnished with five. This manufactory was formerly a public-house, well known in all this neighbourhood as the ‘Rosemary Branch,’” &c. It appears that a part of the premises above referred to, were built upon the ground used by “The Artillery Company” for the practise of archery. Anthony Highmore, in his “History of the Artillery Company,” London, 8vo., 18OI, gives several extracts from the books of that company, and from which I select the following — - “The company on its march on the 12th instant (August, 1786) having come to a piece of ground, lately enclosed with a brick wall by Messrs. Walker, Ward and Co. (proprietors of the White Lead Mill), between the marks of Bob Peak and the Levant, the Company were induced to desist from pulling down or making a breach in the wall, in order to march through, on account of Mr. Maltby (one of the partners in the white lead works) having assured the commanding officer of the battalion that he and his partners, at the time of their making the said enclosure, were ignorant of the Company's right in those fields, but were willing to enter into any reasonable terms of accommodation with the Company for what they had done. One of the archer's divisions was then ordered to shoot an arrow Over the said enclosure as an assertion of the Company's right; which, having been done, the battalion proceeded on its march,” &c. - On the next court day, 29th August, 1786, “Messrs. Walker, Ward and Co., also applied to the Court, at the same time stating that nothing would be further from their intentions than that of encroaching on the Company's rights in the buildings they had erected at the ‘Rosemary Branch;’ that what they had done there was for the convenience of their manufactory; that they were totally ignorant of the Company having any right to go through part of the premises, or they certainly should not have enclosed the late garden (now a vinegar yard) without first obtaining the Company's leave so to do; and hoped the Company would put the most favourable construction on what they had done; and that they should readily consent to anything in reason which the Company might determine upon.” Samuel Walker's Will is dated 23rd February, 1782, he appoints the Rev. Thomas Groves, of Masbrough, dissenting minister, and William Booth, of Rotherham, trustees, and leaves his four sons executors; and to his wife he leaves an annuity of £200 a year so long as she remained unmarried, and £100 if she married again, all apparel, and £50 on his decease, and / I 50 towards procuring herself furniture. The capital messuage, &c., lately built by him, with close and gardens, are bequeathed to Samuel Walker, his eldest son, and one equal fourth part share, being the same as two-eighths; and to his sons Joshua, Joseph, and Thomas, all his other real and personal estate (including particularly his contracts with the Earl of Effingham), subject to debts and legacies; to each of his daughters, Mary, the eldest, married to her cousin Jonathan Walker, and to Ann, the youngest, spinster, was bequeathed £7,000. His daughter Sarah, married to William Parker, cutler, of whom the testator speaks very strongly, and from whom she is separated, he leaves a yearly sum of £228, with some provision for her children. He says, “I recommend to all my daughters who may be unmarried to have timely advice and proper care taken before any future marriage of any of them, for suitable settlements or securities to be made in regard thereof.” After a number of directions and legacies, the last Will and Testament of this whilom village schoolmaster, but then highly honoured and duly exalted successful merchant and manufacturer, made but a few months before his death, concludes with this touching and characteristic reference to that early home, and humble but useful occupation in which he commenced his exemplary life, and which might be looked back to by him in those solemn retrospective moments, even from the high commercial summit he had attained, as the happiest part of it. I recommend it to my said sons and all who after them may be entitled to my school-house, to suffer it to be continued as a school, gratis, so long as the same may be of use to the neighbourhood. Yet I do not will that they or any of them, shall be hereby legally or equitably 5OO 330th crijam. obliged so to do, but that only during their pleasure. And I likewise recommend to my executors (but do not in any way legally or equitably oblige them), to give and distribute out of my personal estate, ten pounds annually for ten years next after my decease, to or amongst such poor housekeepers and widows, or others, as they my executors shall think proper objects of charity, and in such shares, portions, or manner as they shall think fitting, so as that about three-fourths thereof yearly be given in or near Masbrough and Kimberworth, and so as about one-fourth thereof yearly be so given in or near Greenhowside, or the neighbourhood thereof.” Witnessed by B. North, Thos Broadbent, MattW Habershon, jun: The Will of Thomas Walker, dated 13th June, 1827, shews an immense advance upon his father's, 1782. He died at Bath, April 15th, 1828, aged 72, and was brought to the Mausoleum, at Masbrough. After disposing of his household goods, and other his personal effects he devises as follows: ;6 #, 500 Unto his Wife Mary Walker to be paid immediately º e º 5OO Further unto her during widowhood, yearly . o • o 2,500 IO,OOO To his niece Mary the wife of Hugh Parker of Woodthorpe IO,OOO One moiety within I year the other in 3 years and 4 per cent. IO,OOO Margaret the wife of William Walker then or late of Potter Newton IO,OOO 6,000 To his niece Mary Ann Walker . o e e o e e 6,OOO IO,OOO To his nephew Sam! Walker Parker . IO,OOO IO,OOO To his nephew William Parker . © º & º e . 'IO,OOO IO,OOO His Executors 4 IO,OOO in Trust, Intº thereof for Sarah Roberts during her life, afterwards to his nephew as above and afterwards to Ann Foord. - IO,OOO To his niece Mrs. Susanna Strutt wife of Jedediah Strutt of Belper IO,OOO I2,000 To each of his nephews Thos Walker and Edwd S. Walker sons of Joe Walker . e º º o º º e • e . 6,000 4O,Ooo To each of his nieces Harriet the Wife of Revd Wm. Aldam Catharine - Wife of James Haffenden Elizabeth Walker and Sophia, the wife of Thos Trebeck . . º & e s º e . . . IO,OOO To be paid as above. 6,000 To his nephew John Whitacre e de © • . * º 6,OOO 4,000 To each of his nieces Sarah, the wife of Benjn Hague, Mary, wife of Revd Madden, Eliza, wife of Rev. Hastings, and Ann Whitacre. I,OOO 6,OOO To Rhodes the son of his late niece Caroline Rhodes, formerly - Whitacre e O º º e e e e e º . 6,000 £ I34,500 Proviso that the Exors should retain one moiety of last-mentº Legacies amounting to £52,000 given to the Children and Grand- children of his sister Ann Whitacre during the term of her life, all free of duty. To his nephew Jonn Walker annuity of £300 a year—funds to be purchased for the purpose. Residue unto his nephews Sam! Walker Henry Walker and Josua Walker besides :62,500 a year during his wife's widowhood. Samuel Walker built Masbrough Hall, and the first small Dissenters’ meeting-house; and the school, at the Yellands, was his first benefaction; he also built a mausoleum there, into which it is said he often retired, with his excellent wife, to read the Word of God, and to meditate on that time which must one day come, when his mortal remains should be deposited there, and his spirit have returned to Him Who gave it. Joshua Walker built Clifton House, and the earliest portion of the Independent College, at Masbrough, which was afterwards enlarged, and has since been superseded by the handsome structure, recently erected, at Moorgate. Thomas Walker built Masbrough House; Joseph Walker, Eastwood House; and Jonathan Walker, junior, “The Ferham.” * The earliest mention of Greno School is in 1737, when the churchwardens, gave “Six pounds to Grena School.” Again in 1741, they paid Mr. Walker, schoolmaster, AI 4s. It is satisfactory to find that one of the sons of Samuel Walker took means to perpetuate his father's wishes. In 1807, Thomas Walker, of Berry Hill, conveyed to James' Burbeary “a piece of land, with the Schoolhouse then lately built thereon, at Grenoside, contg 237 sq yds., to be used for the purpose of instructing such a number of poor children, as also for a place of worship,” and in the same year a rent charge of £Io a year. The trustees are Calvinist dissenters. Mr. Benjamin Tingle has the docu- mentS. --- . Wºrks º M F. White, Litº Innºr The Cºalkers. - 5OI There is a remarkable MS. document, giving, in detail, an account of the management and of the sound principles on which it was conducted ; but it is too long to be given in this unduly extended account of this undertaking. As it is contained in a small memorandum book, written subsequent to the death of Samuel Walker, the elder, it was most probably, drawn up either by Joshua, who became the principal manager, or by Thomas, who possessed considerable culture. The names only of the members of the firm, who under- took the different departments, and of the persons under them, can be given. AGENTs. - MR. SAMI WALKER. G. Dungworth Farm in every branch of it, and making necessary purchases of Hay and Corn. - Team and Saddle horses &c. (excepting each partner's particular horse and trappings) and all team work. G. Farnsworth Fishwick Ward William Yates G. Truelove Carriages, their number, state, how employed; Bankers, corres- pondence with them their account, &c. MR. Josua WALKER. J. Jowett Foundry Work at the Holmes below the furnace hill. William Yates Forge at Thribergh. J. Bagshaw Mill do. Farm do. M. Halp Conisbro. Fire Engine. Greasbrook. * MR. Jo. WALKER. John Milnes Woods. John Stephenson Colliery. Pottery premises and accounts. White Lead Works. Buildings, alterations. Execis Accounts. MR. THOS WALKER. R. Batty Furnace Hill. M. Rhodes Holmes' Mill, Wheel, Dams, Cutts, Goits, Roads, &c. Rents in general due to us and Owing by us. G. Clarke Keel and River affairs in general. MR. Jons WALKER. R. Batty Charcoal, cordwood, Colliers, leading, &c. J. Taylor Factory in the Square. Book debts, old and new accounts, Journies, &c. MR. J. CRAWSHAW, SENR. J. Jowett Furnace, as usual. R. Batty MR. J. CRAWSHAw, JUNR. B. Longley Foundry Orders, package and delivery of Goods in general Cash Book. It will be seen from what has been advanced, that Samuel Walker has been the great central subject—the almost absorbing theme: it is hoped not more so than a life so exemplary, a character so exalted and unimpeachable, and a career so signally instructive, ought to be. At twelve years of age, the almost parent of his orphaned brothers and sisters; in 1728 the diligent boy-student, working for means to buy a few books for self- instruction, and thus early qualifying himself for keeping a school; from boyhood to manhood keeping around him, and drawing up with him that large orphan family in paths of virtue, and habits of industry, which they never forsook, until, as he himself shows in 1741, that humblest of all historic foundry businesses was begun in the old nailer's shop at Grenoside, which grew into proportions so vast as to become a manufacturing marvel, both to those who had built, and those who beheld it. With the very earliest growth of this prosperity, Samuel Walker acknowledged the Divine hand from whence it was derived. In 1756, when he says, “We took out this year £150,” he also says “School at the top of Yellands built this year.” 5O2 . 380th crijam. The educational training of the young, and the moral elevation and spiritual welfare of those by whom he was surrounded, seem to have been his earnest and constant care, not ending indeed with his life, as is shewn in that desire so tenderly expressed in his last Will, in reference to his “School-house” at Grenoside. . In the high position to which he had attained, he was too noble to be ashamed of the humble origin and occupation from which he had risen, and having, in the exemplary discharge of every social, worldly, and Christian duty, made his life sublime, he familiarized himself with death, and died in faith and peace. His example will, it is trusted, be such as to incite many young minds not only to emulate his energy, diligence, and perseverance in worldly pursuits, but also his integrity, piety, and Christian solicitude for the welfare of others. Three of the brothers built handsome mansions, surrounded by extensive grounds, plantations, and properties, and kept large establishments. The nephew, Jonathan, as before stated, built The Ferham. Berry Hill, near Mansfield, became the property of Thomas Walker; and Blythe Hall, near Worksop, with its extensive estate, was bought of Lieutenant- Colonel Mellish, by the Walkers, and a consequently high position in society was taken by them. The following curious document, however trifling, will show that their prosperity had not destroyed their prudence, and engendered, as is too usual, a lavish expenditure: A Plan for Dinners, to be observed by the Families of the Walkers, March 18, 1795. To have no more dishes than four, consisting of Fish, Soup, Pastry, Boil'd and Roast Meat, with the addition of 2 or 3 dishes of Vegetables. If the company consists of more than I2 a remove allowed. After these dishes are removed five plates allowed of Cheese, Sallad, Butter, Oat Cake, and Radishes. The dessert five dishes only. Only two sorts of foreign wines. Every deviation from these rules to be punished with a fine of half a guinea, the fines to be distributed amongst the poor once a year at least. - Every question to be decided by a majority of the heads of families” These rules to be binding only when the company consists of a majority of the family. A Treasurer to be appointed. No Healths at Dinner. - No children under 7 years of age to be reckoned as company. Signed by SUSANNA WALKER. THOS WALKER. M. WALKER. Jon N WALKER. MARY WALKER. ELIZABETH WALKER. Jo. WALKER. l SARAH WALKER. * Mrs. W., Mrs. S. W. and family, Jos”, Jo., Tho' and Jon W. and families, Mrs. Parker and do., Mr. and Mrs. Lempriere. From the festive board to the funeral vault is but one of the natural steps of mortal life. The tablets in the Mausoleum at Masbrough record the following interments : Died Year Age. SAMUEL WALKER . e e tº e © tº * . May 12 . 1782 . 66 WILLIAM WALKER son of Josua and Susanna Walker e Oct. I7 . I786 3 days FREDK NEED WALKER . & º & tº e e . July 16 . I784 . II mo. SUSANNA WALKER dº of Josua and Susanna ſº & gº May 7 . 1788 . 3O SAMUEL WALKER . e wº & & tº tº e . Aug. I . I792 - 50 GEORGE son of Sam! and Elizabeth Walker . g . May 25 . I804 . I9 days SARAH PARKER 2nd dr of Sam! and Mary Walker . g . Oct. I6 . I 813 . 67 JOSHUA WALKER Clifton House o sº e • • April 3 . I815 . 65 SARAH WALKER . º e * e & & e . Jan. 28 . 182O . 80 THOMAS WALKER died at Bath . tº . . . e e April 15 . I 828 . 72 SUSANNA WALKER relict of Josua Walker . tº * . April 2 . I 83 I . 7 I ELIZABETH WALKER dº of Josph Walker of Eastwood . May 14 . I832 . 45 FRED ALBERT eldest son of Henry Fredk Walker Blythe Hall Feby 8 . 1837 . 9 mo. - r 3 years ELIZABETH dº of . yy yy 3 y } } Aug! I . I838 . | O II).O. LEWIS EDMUND son of Sam! and Arabella Walkér e . Dec. I I . I 841 .. 6 ELIZABETH EMILY HENRIETTA wife of Arthur Abney Walker Mar. I7 . I 842 . 25 MARY WALKER relict of Thos Walker Berry Hill tº is July IO . I844 . 81 EMILY wife of T. S. Lightfoot dr of Henry and Eliz" Walker . Feby 12 1845 - 33 ELIZABETH ABNEY WALKER wife of Henry Walker . º Feby 9 1850 . HENRY WOOTTON WALKER eldest son of Arthur Abne * > 6 vears Walker . tº y April I4 . I855 . ſº. - HENRY WALKER of Clifton House . & g g e Jan. I9 . I860 . 74 HENRY FREDERICK WALKER Blythe Hall . & g . Nov. II . I866 . 59 Hjelligret of QQItalfier, of ſāāşūruttgſ), (UIiftſm, etc. - - - *º- Q10Hilliam Clºſiaſter, of Ecclesfield, co. York, born==MARY, daughter of Joseph Wood, of Ecclesfield, in 1650, died in 1708. died 1726. {} . . . . ſº tº ſº tº . (1st wife) =Joseph WALKER, of Ecclesfield, died 21 December-FANNE (2nd wife), daughter of Jonathan Hargreave, Joshua WALKER, 2nd son, died unmarried, aged 84. I729, aged 56. T died 28 February, 1740. ſ . | I F- ! I I. Joseph WALKER 2. BENJAMIN WALKER, ELIZABETH (2nd wife), 3. JonATHAN WALKERFFSARAH (1st wife), daughter 4. SAMUEL WALKER, principal founder of the ironworks==MARY, daughter of Thomas 5. alsº WALKER, of Mas--FRHODA, dau. of Bartho- I. HANNAH, married, Ist, 2. ANN, married to John 3. SUSANNA, married 4. SARAH, married to John - daughter of John of Masbrough, born 8 of Richard Ainley, and at Ecclesfield and Masbrough, was born at Hill Top, Sykes, married 18 Mar., brough, born 19 February, lomew Wood. - to John Bordman; 2ndly, Yates. to Joseph Wood. Rhodes, of Rotherham, and Windsor, and widow July, I7Io, died 5 Aug. widow of Joseph Platt, in the parish of Ecclesfield, 15 Nov., 1715 (N.S.). At I741, died 6 Jan., I793. I718, died 28 January, I777. to Geo. Yates. . - had a dau., Sarah. of William Hodgkin- 1778, buried at Eccles- died 6th June, 1776, the age of 30 he removed to Masbrough, and thence- SO11. - field, forth his career was one uninterrupted course of F--— commercial prosperity. He died I2 May, I782. r - I F- I | I | l | I | I I I. MARY ANN WALKER. 2. ANNE WALKER, mar- MARY (2nd wife), daughter of JonATHAN WALKER,-FMARY (1st wife), eldest SAMUELWALKER, off-SARAH, daughter of Joshua WALKER, Esq., FSUSANNAH, 2nd Joseph WALKER, off-ELIZABETH, 3rd dau. THoMAS WALKER, of Berry 2. SARAH WALKER, 3. ANNE WALKER, John WALKER, was un: HANNAH WALKER, married ried to John Drake, of Samuel Hallows Hamer, of of Ferham, J.P. for daughter of Samuel Masbrough, born John Nutt, and of Clifton House, near | dau. of Samuel Eastwood, near of Samuel Need, Hill, near Mansfield, Notts. married to William married 17 Nov., married in 1779; is said to John Pearson, of Rotherham, merchant. Rotherham, mar. 19 March, West Riding, co. Walker, married 15 6 February, 1742, widow of Thomas Rotherham, and of Need, Esq., of Rotherham, and of Esq., of Nottingham. sheriff 1809, married, I783, Parker, Esq. 1785, to John Whit- to have died in Russia, Leeds. I805, died I5 September, York, died 5 May, June, I780, died 15 died 1 Aug., I792, Booth, married g Blythe Hall, Notts., Nottingham, d. Aston, co. Derby, She died 27 May, Mary, 4th and youngest acre, Esq., of Wood- S. p. 3rmg:—Arg., on a chevron gu. betw. two anvils I8I9. 1807, aged 50, will July, 1803. will dated I4 July, June, 1774, died 28 married 13 August, 2 April, 1831, high sheriff co. Der- I823. daughter of Samuel Need, house. . - i. chief and an anchor in base sa..., a bee between . dated 2 February, I792. January, I820. I781, and died 3 April, aged 71. by, married Io Oct., of Nottingham, and died sp., - "ºnoun, a serpent encircling a dove - . I805. I815. I785, died 7 June, at Bath, I5 April, I828. proper. (Granted, 1778.) ſ - - | ſ I801. | | -T- JonATHAN WALKER, of M A R Y AN NE SAMUEL WALKER,-FE L I ZAB E T H , MARYWALKER, mar- MARGARET WALKER, HENRY WALKER, Esq., of Blythe Hall, Joshua WALKER, Esq., SUSANNA WALKER, I. HARRIETT WAL- 2. SoPHIA WALKER, 3. CATHERINE WAL- 4. ELIZABETH FRANCEs VALEN-F3. Sir Edward SAM-MARY ElizaBETH 1. Jos EPH N E E D=CATHERINE, dau. 2. THOMAS WALKER==ConstantiA. ANNE, daughter Ferham, born 27 April, WALKER, of of Masbrough, daughter of ried, at Hans- married, 5 June, 1806, Notts., and Clifton, J.P. and D.L., M.P., Aldborough, born d. 1846, being mar- KER, married to the married to Thos. KER, married to WALKER,died TINE (1st wife), UEL WALKER, of (2nd wife), dau. WALKER, of East- of Saml.Walker of Ravenfield, co. of John Claudius Beresford, 1781, married 30 Nov., Masbrough, only son, born John Palmes, worth, 20 Sep., to William Walker, high sheriff Notts., 1818, born 3 28 September, 1786, mar- ried, as Ist wife, late Rev. William Trebeck, Esq., of James Haffenden, unmarried, I4 dau. of Geo. Berry Hill, co, of Capt. Hal- wood, and of Cal- Parker, Esq., of York, a lieutenant Esq., of Dublin, P.C., Ireland, 1804, Anna, eldest dau. d. unmarried 4 Sept., I779, Esq., of Na- I798,to Hugh Par- Esq., of Wilsick, February, 1785, married, 8 Septem- ried, 18 December, 1805, I2 April, 1811, to Alderson, rector of Southwell, and Esq., of Clearwell May, I832. Stevens, Esq., Notts., knighted lowes, R.N., of derstone Hall, nr. Scotts House, in the Scots Greys, alderman and lord mayor of of Martin Barr, of Wor- 19 September M.P., Ald- burn, d. at ker, Esq., of Wood- deputy recorder of ber, 1806, Elizabeth, only daughter Anna Maria, daughter Jedediah Strutt, Aston, nr. Rother- dieds.p., 27 April, Court, co. Glou- of Old Wind- in 1841, J.P. and Glapwell Hall, Liverpool, born 30 nr. Newcastle- J.P. for West Riding, Dublin, grandson of Marcus, cester. She died 22 Aug., I855. borough, mar- Ravensthorpe thorpe, died 15 Doncaster, son of of Edward Abney, Esq., of Meas- and co-heiress of Allen Esq., of Belper, ham, who died s. 1856. He died 4 cester, and died - sor Lodge, mar- D.L., . born 1799, Derbyshire, mar- Sept., 1790, mar- upon-Tyne. co, York, born 19 1st Earl of Tyrone, and nep- 1848, aged 63. He died .* ried at Naburn, manor, CO. August 1859-F Wm. Walker, of Kil- ham Hall, co. Leicester, by his wife, Holford, Esq., represen- co.Derby. He died p., 30 September, November, 1864. 16 April, 1858. ried 15 Septem- served the office of ried 12 June, ried 9 Nov., 1818, July, 1795, married hew of George de la Poer, 1st at Hawkhills, near Eas- co. ... York, 29 York, 4 April, lingbeck Hall, near Hephzibah, who was the eldest of tative of the ancient I Nov., 1854.HE I852. ber, 1842. She mayor of Chester I866. and died 15 March, 21 April, 1819, and Marquis of Waterford. ingwold, co. York, I? April, 1891, d. 1867, aged 89. Other issue. Leeds. He was born the four daughters of Samuel Need, family of Holford, of Å died 7 June, 1838 and 1848, and 1865, aged 75. died Io July, 1843. January, 1842. at High Silton, 3 March, 1773, and Esq., of Nottingham, before men- Davenham, co. Chester. - - I864. was high sheriff of :* co. York, 30 - died Io July, 1830. tioned. He died Ig Jan., 1860. She died 19 February, . Notts. 1866-7. * Jan., I85I. . She died April, 1863. H She died in February, *T 1861. = - . – Died 15 Jan., 1874. •. - ~. - | mºmºmºmº. . - _ſ - T-I-T -T- I-I-T- ſ TT-TT I - - -j- | || - | | I. SAMUELWALKER, 2. G E or GE 4. Lewis WIL- 5. John WALKER, of 6. EDMUND WAL- I, ELIZABETH WALKER, born I. WILLIAM WALKER, of Wil- HENRY FREDE- ARTHUR AB-FISABELLA CARóLINE ELIZA- I. Edward AL- 2. FRANK WAL- 3. GEORGE Holford 5. EDGAR Joshua WAL- FRANCES I EDwARD MARIon EMILY I. CHARLES Edward 3. Joseph WAL- I. CATHERINE WALKER, mar- THoMAS BERESFORD EDwARD CLAU- LANCELOT Wºº. CoNSTANTIA ELIZABETH ANNE of Hemming- WALKER,b. LIAM WALKER, Mount St. John, KER, a twin with at Masbrough, 2 May, 1802, sick, co. York, late judge of RICK WALKER, NEY WAL- | (2nd wife) BETH WALKER, LEN WALKER, KER, of Liver- WALKER, born 28 WALKER, of KER, of St. WALKER, WILLIAM WALKER, mar- WALKER, captain KER, M.A., ried 17 April, 1844, to Jas. NEED WALKER, of DIUS WALKER, of New Zealand, b. WALKER, married, 3o Septem- ham Hall, co. at Masbro', b. at Aldwark, Thirsk, born at John, born at married, at Rotherham, 24 the county courts for South of Blythe Hall, KER, b. 24 dau. of married, 3 Jan., born 16 Nov., pool, born 16 December, I813, the Quarry, Leonard's- married, I2 WALKER, ried, 6 March, Queen's Bays, born Tector of Rigby, of Moss House, Berne, Switzer- of Chester, b. 26 November, 1829. ber. I852, to G. J. Fenwick, Warwick, lieut- 7 May, 1804, 28 Nov., 1810, Aldwark, 12 Jan., Aldwark, I 2 May, 1827, to Francis Hol. York Circuit, J.P. and D.L. Notts., and of April, 1820, John Ro- 1832, to John Ash- 1806, married Feb., 1808, killed in India, in Devon, on-Sea, b. Aug., I829, b. 4 April, 1866, to Robert 9. December, I824, Averham, Liverpool. land, born 23 º 26 Fº ALFRED º Wºº. Esq. colonel in the d. 25 May, E.I.C.S., Died 1812, married, at January, 1812, combe, late major R.H.A. West Riding, co. York, born Clifton House, married bertson, ton Case, Esq., of 1838, Eliza- married, 1835, 1832, unmarried. captain I5 Feb., to Felix F. I844. N. Batt, Esq., died unmarried, I4 Notts., born 2. HARRIETT ElizaBETH WAL- I82O, .."j, 17 1826, married, º O b *. . GEORGINA MINIE WALKER, mar- army, born at following. in India, 2I Madeira, 24 Jan., mar. at Felis- 2. EMMA, born at Aldwark,29 I4 July, I807, mar., 6 Jan., nr. Rotherham, Elizabeth, Esq. of Thingwall Hall, beth, dau. of Jane, dau. of 4. PHILIP AINSLIE H.E.I.C.S,, I823, mar- F. Bean, FREDERICK of Purdysburn, December, 1856. 6 December, KER, married, 28 Oct., 1852, July, #. º, I7 Aug., *::: 6 November, #. ried to C. R. Fenwicke, Esq. Masbrough, I3 3. CHARLEs February, 1833. 1867, Frances kirk, co. York, March, 1808, married at Tip- L-1858, Alice Elizabeth, daugh- co. York, J.P. dau. of ...... Edinbro' Liverpool, he died Richard Norman Lock- WALKER, of Horton born I8 ried, 2 Oct., Esq. ADAMWAL- co. Down. 2. HENRY WALKER, of 1827, married, to General Henry Richmond lotte, daughter. § Harriet, . ë. Io J anº 3, MARY SELINA WALKER, married April,1803, mar- WALKER,b. ALFRED WAL- Emma, daughter 8 Feb., 1866, ton, co. Staff., 2 August, 1838, ter of Hugh Parker, Esq., of and D.L., for Anderson, widow of in 1855. Baldwin, of hardt, Esq., Manor, co. Bucks., Aug., 1817, 1851, Mary GERTRUDE KER, born FANNY Louis A. Calderstone, Liver- 30 September, Jones, of the Carabineers. Johann Heinric dau. of John onstance nne, to Duncan Macgregor, Esq. ried at New at Aldwark, 7' KER, b. at Ald- of James H. Charlotte Fran- to Edward Serjeantson, rec- Woodthorpe, co. York; no co. York, high of Carlow. the Rev. EMILY, married, 12 Queen's Co., and died in born 12 Aug., 1815, married, I5 Anne, dau. Louis A, Io Sept., SoPHIA EUGENIE, pool, born 2 Sep., 1863, Eliza- 3. CARolin E WALKER, married, Bürgin, from Bu- Carver Athorpe, 2nd dau. of Charles NANNETTE WALKER, married, 9 Ross, co. Wex- co. York, 6 wark, 6 May, Serjeantson, late ces, daughter of tor of Kirby Knowle, co. York. issue. - sheriff, Notts. She died 17 J.B. Hay September, 1838, Ireland, and Liverpool, in married, 5 Novr., Nov., 1848, of Edward married, 13 1851. HARRIET ANNIE. 1826, married II beth Susanna 30 October, 1847, to Adam bendorf, Bale Cam: Esq., of Din- Millett. November, 1852, to Lionel ford, I2 Jan., May, 1806, 1815, died at major 50th Regi- Rev. Charles He died s.p. 2. THoMAS WALKER, of the 1852, born Io Mar., 1842, of North to Thomas Streat- d. in Canada, 1872. = 1857, Constance Caroline Smith Ellis, Oct., I840, May, 1871, Georg- Victoria Be- Steuart Gladstone, Esq., who pagne, and his . nington, co; sº Skipwith, Esq., of Doctor's 1833, Arabella, died at Doveridge, co. Iment. Johnstone, rec- 3. MARY, born at Aldwark, co. Woodlands, co. York, J.P. Septr., 1807, leaving an Berwick, feild Lightfoot, 17Apl. 1868= Anne, daughter of Amelia, of Fulford, to the Rev. iana Harriett, dau. cher, dau. of died 5 June, 1863, and she wife, Margaret York, and died born 15 April, 1839, Commons, 6th son of Sir Grey dau. of James Holme, co. Derby, Io Dec., 8. GEORGE OCTA- tor of Feliskirk, York, 26 February, 1813, and D.L. for West Riding, mar., Ig Aug., only child, married Esq., of Crowle, John Ashton Case, dau. of Wm. H.E.I.C.S. Ellis Eve- of Francis Mostyn- the Rev. John re-married, I4 May, 1870, to Flück, from Eb- July, 1869. Tº and died Feb., 1873, Skipwith, Bart, + * Braddell, of York, 20 I824. VIAN WALKER, and canon of married at Boltby, co. York, born 19 October, 1808, mar- 1833, ....... , dau. Elizabeth 2 July, co. Lincoln, and of Papplewick Hall, Hasted She died 28 rett, of Owen, Esq., of Drake Be- Capt. Ralph Cator, R.N. lingen, Canton de yº, in New HELEN WALKER, married to E. New Ross.== April, I869. born at Dove- York; he died at 15 November, 1866, to ried 8 January, 1841, Anna, of...... Howard, Edith. I846. of Sevenoaks, co. co. Notts., and his George, Sep., 1868. Chase Side Althrey Woodhouse, cher,of South- 4. Theodosia FANNY WALKER, Berne, Switzer- Zealand. L. Clogstoun, Esq. ridge, co. Derby, Harlsey, CO. Richard Rowed, Esq., of daughter of John Stephenson Esq., of Port- Kent. She died wife Caroline Eliza- Esq.-F º: House, En- Flints.R well, Notts=F married, II March, 1858, to land. HENRIETTA, married to T. H. | 8 July, (? June), York, I7 May, Dinan, Brittany. Ferguson, Esq., of Bally- land Place, Lon- - s. p., I2 February, beth Walker; no field. I J. Verney Lovett Lace, Esq. T Ashton, Esq., and died 1870. 1823, unmarried, 1873. FF 4. AGNES, living unmarried. sinnon House, co. Antrim ; don. He d. 11 I845. - - issue. . .3 : I873. • 5. HARRIET EMILY, living un- no issue. Nov., 1866. =F - | married. T - | - & | — —l | . —l —l TI | | || | || T T TTTTTTT - IT | | | || -H T- H H | | || || LEwis WILLIAM WALKER, born at I. ARABELLA ELIZABETH ARTHUR John FREDERICK ALBERT HENRY Wootton WALKER, I. EDWARD JOSHUA 3. ALLAN Holford I. EDITH MARIANNE HoRACE WALKER, of EDGAR Holford WALKER, Joshua ALLEN Holford WALKER, EvA WALKER, Joseph CyrII, WALKER, CoNSTANT EDwARD AUGUSTE WALKER, HARRY Cecil, WALKER, died Portsmouth, 24 February, 1834, died MARY WALKER, born WALKER, born WALKER, , born in born 21 May, 1848, died 14 WALKER, of Els- WALKER, married, WALKER, married Liverpool, born 21 born 16 August, 1849, mar- born at Brighton, 6 August, 1853. born 21 Sep- born 25 April, 1866. born 8 January, I852. in 1869. II October following. at Dalby, co. York, 3 at Harlsey, 23 - 1836, died 8 Feb., April, 1855. wick, Northumber- 31 July, 1873, Anna, to Charles Raikes, July, 1838, living ried Rose, daughter of Col. MARY AMELIA Holfo RD WALKER, tember, 1872. CHARLEs EDwARD FITz- ALFRED EMILE WALKER, born 15 Jan., - CoNSTANTIA MARY WALKER. LEwis EDMUND WALKER, born at April, 1842, married, 5 Dec., I869. I837. ARTHUR EDwARD WALKER, land, lieutenant daughter of ..... tº dº tº dº ſº is Esq., of New Zea- unmarried. Sinclair. born at Kilburn Hall, co. Derby, 3 GERALD WALKER, born I856. . ISABEL MARGUERITA, . Portsmouth, 29 July, 1835, died at July, 1860, at Plum- FREDERIC ED- ELIZABETH WALKER, born 27 July, 1851, mar- Northumberland Rolph, Esq., of land, 3rd son of Lucy WALKER GERTRUDE MARY WALKER, July, 1852, married, 23 January, 8 October, 1867. GEORGE BEResford WALKER, born 27 NANNETTE, died in 1857. Mansfield Woodhouse, Notts, II stead, Kent, to Lewis MUND WALKER, born October, 1834, ried, 13 January, 1875, Yeomanry Cavalry, Dundas, Canada. Henry Raikes, for- born 27 March, 1851, mar- 1873, to Lieutenant Cecil Cranmer HENRY WILFRID WALKER, July, I858. MILDRED MABEL. December, 184I. . . Stanhope Kenny, rec- born at Harlsey, died August, 1838. Mary Ann Frances, only born 16 July, 1838, 4. EDGAR BALDWIN, merly of St. Peters- ried 20 November, 1872, to Conor, adjutant, 33rd Regiment, born 28 October, 1869. *... HAROLD ALBERT WALKER, born 18 Jan., EDwARD JAMES WALKER, late of the tor of Kirby Knowle, 29 March, 187I. child of William Carr, Esq., married Charlotte FREKE WALKER, burg. Captain R. H. Verschoyle, Duke of Wellington's. - John McHAEL STANHoPE 1864. Royal Artillery, born at New Ross, co. York. of Newton Heath, co. Rachel, 4th daugh- born in 1853. 2. MARGARET GER- late IIth P. A. O. Hussars, - . WALKER, born 6 May, HELGA CHARLotte WALKER, only dau. 4 March, 1839. 2. EMMA LUCIE, living Lanc. ter of Wm. Tingey, TRUDE ISABELLA - 1871. born 17 March, 1853, married 28 Sep- FREDERIc FITzcLARENCE WALKER, unmarried. FREDERICK JoHN WALKER, Esq. WALKER, married to CATHERINE MAUD MARY tember, 1871, to Arnold Frederick born at Teddington, Middlesex, 3 3• ----------------- . born 6 March, 1853. 2. FRANK WALKER, Arthur Ardagh, Esq., - . WALKER. Flükiger, C.E., of Berne. sº August, 1850, died there II Nov. % ERNEST ABNEY WALKER, b. married Minnie, M.D., of Barrie, - . EDITH ConstancE WAL- ALBERT, ALFRED, and HELEN, died following. - - 24 June, I854. daughter of J. D. Canada. . KER. young. - HENRY WALKER, born 6 May, Humphreys, of 3. ANNA MARIA WAL- . . - I86O. Toronto, Canada. KER, married to his ISABELLA MAUD WALKER. Honour Judge Ar- ETHEL WALKER. dagh, of Barrie, Canada. Reprinted by permission from “Yorkshire Pedigrees,” (ed. FOSTER) for “Historic Notices of Rotherham.” - . ROBERT WHITE, PRINTER, Worksop Qſìje Čialá erg. 5O3 In the temple for religious worship, erected by himself, a monument has been placed over the pulpit, which bears the following inscription, from the pen of the poet, Mason:— To the Memory of SAMUEL WALKER, ESQ., the principal proprietor of those extensive Iron works, first founded at Masbrough, in the year 1746, which now afford SO singular an example, both of the public and private benefit which may arise even from the smallest beginnings, when favoured by Divine Providence, and prosecuted with integrity, foresight, regularity, and an active, comprehensive genius. To these qualifications he added the domestic virtues of an affectionate husband, and kind parent. He also revered the constitution of his country with the spirit of a true Englishman, and practised the duty of universal benevolence with the zeal of a sincere Christian. He was born 1716, died May 12, 1782, aged 66, and was buried in the cemetery which he built for his family. A widow, four sons, and three daughters, survive him. Out of gratitude and reverence to such a father, his sons, at their joint expence, erect this Monument. The establishment of these prosperous works created a wide distribution of employ- ment in every branch of business, not only as connected with building operations required for the erection of the multifarious works required for carrying them on, but also for the streets of dwelling-houses needed for the workmen. An impulse was also given to the general trade of the town from the large influx of workmen, and the outlay of the wages earned by them, but especially, from the large and liberal establishments of the Walker family, those of the managers, travellers, clerks, &c., whose introduction into a hitherto quiet but spirited little market town not only gave to its society a higher tone, but to its retail trade a wider scope and a more lucrative character. The hamlet of Masbrough aggregated a population considerably exceeding even the increased population of Rotherham, and, as a township, it so remains to this day. It cannot be wondered at that when the fiat had gone forth that all this wide congeries of a large population, supporting industries, was to be brought to an end as Walker's works, that a partial panic should prevail, and that forebodings of disaster and distress should be generally entertained. Perhaps a threatened calamity like this has been rarely put in a more dismal form than in this instance by Hunter, who, in giving his account of it in 1831, says, “The number of persons employed in these works is not equal to what it was; many of the furnaces have already been allowed to cool, the families of the original proprietors have for the most part retired to a distance; and the whole establishment was not long ago offered to public sale. A century hence Masbrough may again have become a rural village; and 5O4. 330th crijam. the Holmes, relapsed into pasturage, exhibiting no evidence that there was cast most of the cannon used in the wars of King George III. and the iron frames of one of the great bridges which span the Thames at London.” This was not encouraging at the time; but the accomplished historian was no prophet, except, it might be, as one of those whose predictions it was said were always to be interpreted exactly to the contrary. And it was remarkably so in this case. The different departments of the various works were for the most part purchased by those who had had the previous management of them; and the exercise of personal knowledge on their part, conjoined with their personal interest, and the interfusion of their individual energy, not only diverted whatever of disaster or distress might then threaten, but signally, in conjunction with the new element of railway transit introduced into the district, resulted in Rotherham becoming one of the most important centres of iron and metal trade operations. And Masbrough, instead of becoming a rural village, and the Holmes relapsing into pasturage, which as the township of Kimberworth, had in 1821, about the time of the disruption, a population of 3,797, and in 1831 4,031, has now, in 1878, reached that of upwards of 15,000, and shows no sign of declension. But reverting to the Walkers, it seems almost inconceivable how this distinguished family should have passed away from the place which they raised into manufacturing distinction, and that their mortal remains should have found their resting-place in one small mausoleum. Mausoleum of the Walker Family. : F. White. Lithº Hunter. ºrkson % º º ºšº º ſ ſº- ſis -- Chemtzer EIIiott. “I may not live to hear another voice, ELLIOTT, of power to penetrate as thine, Dense multitudes; another none may see, Leading the muses from unthrifty shades, To fields where corn gladdens the heart of man, And where the trumpet with defiant blast * Blows in the face of war and yields to peace. Therefore take thou these leaves, fresh, firm, tho’ scant, To crown the city that crowns thee her son.” WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. N remarkable contrast to the great man whose stedfast but busy life we have lingered over so long, we have now to introduce, with pardonable pride, the name of our native poet, Ebenezer Elliott. His verse has enshrined almost by name, every hill and vale, wood and rock, river and rippling stream, and wilding flower, the daily haunts and darling idols of his by turns, dreary and dreaming boyhood; and in its low, touching wails of mournfullest melody, in its passionate gushings of intensified love and fervid worship, and alas! also in its fierce and fearless tempest tones of political anathema, it will live whilst the English tongue is spoken on the earth. Our pride is in Ebenezer Elliott as our native minstrel, not as a manufacturer; and a single extract from one of the tenderest of local tributes of the gifted minstrel, may well precede the history of the unfortunate manufacturer. TO THE DON AND ROTHER. “Again we meet, as often we have met, Dear Rother native Don We meet again, to talk with vain regret, Of deedless aims and years, rennembered yet— The past and gone ! We meet again, perchance to meet no more Oh, rivers of my heart | I hear a voice, unvoyaged billows o'er, Which bids me hasten to their pathless shore, And cries ‘Depart.’ But first, oh, rivers of my childhood; first My soul shall talk with you ; For on your banks my infant feet were nursed ; Here, from the bud the spirits' petals burst, When life was new 64 506 330th crijam. Before my fingers learned to play with flowers, My feet through flowers to stray; Ere my tongue lisp'd, amidst your dewy bowers, Its first glad hymn to mercy's sunny showers, And air, and day. When in my mother's arms, an infant frail, Along your windings borne, My blue eyes caught your glimmer in the vale, And halcyons darted o'er your willows pale, On wings like morn. Ye saw my feelings round that mother grow, Like green leaves round the rootſ Then thought and danger came, and flowered like woeſ But deeds, the fervent deeds that blush and glow, Are virtue's fruit. + -X- -X- + -X- Then, rivers, tell my mother earth, I come To slumber on her breast ! For, lo, my drooping thoughts refuse to bloom My spirit shakes its fetters. I crave room For rest, for rest.” “Ebenezer Elliott was the son of Robert Elliott, a whitesmith of Newcastle-on-Tyne, a man in good circumstances, who gave his son what was then considered a first-class commercial education, and afterwards put him apprentice to Landell and Chambers, wholesale ironmongers, with a premium of £50. After he left Landell and Chambers, he became one of the clerks of the Walkers of Masbrough, where he lodged with a surgeon called Robinson, under whose roof he first saw his wife.” “He left Messrs. Walker to serve Clay and Co., at the ‘New Foundry, Masbrough, for a salary of £60 or £70 a year, with house, candles, and coal!” He used to preach every fourth Sunday to persons who came from distances of twelve and fourteen miles to hear his tremendous doctrines of Ultra-Calvinism (he called himself a Berean), and “hell hung round with span-long children | * “He became nominal proprietor of the Foundry of Clay and Co., the partners having sold him their shares on credit.”" - - The “New Foundry’ was built by Messrs. Clay and Co., in unsuccessful opposition to the Walkers; from them it passed into the hands of Ebenezer Elliott, father of Ebenezer Elliott “The Corn Law Rhymer,” and the subject of this notice, from whose autobiography these particulars are principally drawn. - His wife, although her son describes her of infirm constitution, and from whom, and from the small-pox, he says he derived his “nerve-shaken weakness,” had nevertheless eleven children. Besides the foundry, the elder Elliott had an ironmonger's shop, nearly opposite the Crown Inn, High Street; and Mr. Paul Rodgers, who was then a shoemaker's apprentice at Greasbrough, says: “I had frequently to visit Mr. Elliott's shop, for the purchase of various articles in our line of work,” this was about the second year of the present century. “I recollect old Mr. Elliott very well, for he was a most marked character. In person he was low and squat, with a broad face, as the poet has described him. I know not how it was that he could be so constantly in attendance upon the shop, having the important concerns of the foundry on hand at the same time. Ebenezer, the poet, was then *It appears from an Indenture, dated 15 Jan., 1799, between S. Shore, Esq., and E. Elliott, that Clay and Co. had been connected with the Sheffield Banking House of Shore and Co., as it is stated that “Whereas the sº Samuel Shore and E. Elliott, together with Josp" Clay, Esq., lately deceased, Rich" Swallow, Esq., Thos Cottam, Esq., and Mr. Jno Trevers Younge, were in the life of the sº Josph Clay possessed of and entitled to a Messuage or Dwelling- house, and certain Buildings, used as a Foundry, &c., being near the River Don Navigation Cut, in the Township of Kimberworth, with Working Tools, Stock-in-trade, &c. and that whereas the sº Sam! Shore is entitled to one eight part of all and singular the sº premises. And that the s” E. Elliott has contracted and agreed with the sº Sam! Shore for the purchase of the same for the sum of £375, and which it is agreed shall be p" at the rate of £31 5s. a year, &c.” (ºf eme; ºr (EII intt. 5O7 about twenty years of age, and notwithstanding what he says about his juvenile dulness, I suspect that at that age he was a better man than his father. It is a fact, however, that the old gentleman was the principal shopkeeper. I always liked to have business at his counter, for I was fond of hearing his quaint remarks, and his pithy Jacobin epigrams and speeches.” His shop was a dark, dirty, dingy place, and seemed to be appropriately represented by the queer man who kept it. The personal description of him referred to above, was not by the son, but the mother; the son says “About this time my poor mother, who was a first-rate dreamer, and a true believer in dreams, related to me one of her visions. “I had placed under my pillow,” she said, ‘a shank bone of mutton to dream upon, and I dreamed that I saw a little broad set, dark, ill-favoured man, with black hair, black eyes, thick stub nose, and tup-shins: it was thy father.’” Surely, a more strange and uncomplimentary portrait of a husband was never sketched by a wife, or perpetuated in print by a son. His description of the father's mental endow- ments is in keeping with the personal. “I never knew a man who possessed a tithe of my father's satiric and humorous powers; he would have made a great comic actor. He also possessed uncommon political sagacity, which afterwards earned for him the title of ‘Devil Elliott.’” - And yet with all this he wrote “A paraphrase on The Book of Job, agreeable to the Meaning of the Sacred Text,” printed in 1792, and a preface of eight pages is subscribed “Christian Reader, yours in the Gospel of Christ, E. Elliott.” I think he afterwards became a scoffer, as well as a Jacobin, as the Radicals of that day were called, this might earn for him the title of “Devil Elliott.” He must have become an unbeliever comparatively late in life. The violent opinions said to have been avowed by him at an earlier period, led, as is not unusual with men of his fervid force of character, to a disastrous revulsion: his belief in the extremest tenets ended in utter disbelief. In 1777 Samuel Walker, Esq., was memorialized by the trustees of the old Masbrough Chapel respecting the erection of a new one, and Ebenezer Elliott's name appears as one of the witnesses to the memorial. A tombstone, in Rotherham Church- yard, has the following inscription recording the death of Ely, son of Ebenezer Elliott, who died December 7th, 1785, aged one year:— SPES PRAECEPTA. Free from old Adam's sin, Through Jesus' matchless love; He died on earth to win, The prize of saints above. Thus, his adhesion to the “Gospel of Christ” is unmistakeably recorded. His ultra- Calvinism, on the one hand, and his faith in “Jesus’ matchless love,” respecting his own year-old infant, his long period of Christian communion, and his subsequent fearful declension, are sadly startling and inexplicable. - Such, however, was the compound of oddity and ability of whom came Ebenezer Elliott, “The Corn Law Rhymer,” who says: - %22% 508 - 33 otherijam. “In a little parlour, like the cabin of a ship yearly painted green, and blessed with a beautiful thoroughfare of light, for there was no window tax in those days.” He was sent “to a dame school, kept by Nanny Sykes, the beautiful and brave wife of a drunken husband,” next to Hollis School, then presided over by Joseph Ramsbottom, who taught him to write, and little more." After having spent a year and a half with his uncle at Thurlstone, who sent him to school at Penistone, he returned home. He went again to Hollis School, where, he says, “having got into the rule-of-three without having first learnt numeration, addition, subtraction, and division, I was sent by my despairing parent to Dalton School, two miles from Masbrough, and I see at this moment, as vividly as if nearly fifty years had not since passed over me, the kingfisher shooting along the Don, as I passed schoolward through the Aldwark meadows eating my dinner four hours before dinner time.” Still making no progress in rudimentary learning, he adds, “Dreading school, I absented myself from it during the summer months of the second year, playing truant about Dalton Deign, and Silverwood, or Thrybergh Park. It was impossible to prevent my father from discovering that I was learning nothing but vagabondism, or from suspecting that my slow progress was owing more to idleness than to want of ability to learn. He set me to work in the foundry as a punishment.” The punishment turned out to be a privilege. Here the inferiority to other learners, which had paralyzed his powers, came to an end; his long familiarity with the processes of the manufactory, and his love of mechanical pursuits enabled him to take his proper position in the works, but the company of the men giving his newly-kindled emulation a wrong bias, he too soon fell into their habit of frequenting the “York Keelman,” kept by old Nancy Farr, and says, “I could play my part with the best of its customers.” But not for long; he had no relish for the rude company, and coarse enjoyments of the alehouse. Being soon afterwards visited with strong religious impressions, he seldom missed attending the chapel of parson Allard, a character, he says, who might have sat for Scott's picture of Dominie Sampson. Sometimes he went to Masbrough Chapel (Walker's, as it was then called) to hear Mr. Groves, “one of the most eloquent and dignified of men, but hated by my father (who was a capital hater) for some nothing or other of discipline or of doctrine.” One Sunday he called, he says, “on his aunt Robinson, a widow, left with three children and about £30 a year, on which (God knows how) she contrived to live respectably, and to give her two sons an education, which ultimately made them both gentlemen.” “I thought she received me coldly. She did not, I think, know that I had been tipsy a night or two before, but I was conscience-stricken. After a minute's silence she rose, and laid before me a number of Sowerby's ‘English Botany,’ which her son Benjamin, then apprenticed to Dr. Staniforth, of Sheffield, was purchasing monthly. Never shall I forget the impression made on me by the beautiful plates. I actually touched the figure of the primrose, half convinced that the mealiness on the leaves was real. I felt hurt when she removed the book from me, but she removed it only to show me how to draw the figures, by holding them to the light, with a thin piece of paper before them. On finding that I could draw them correctly, I was lifted at once above the inmates of the alehouse at least a foot in mental stature.” The next revealed marvel was his cousin Benjamin's book of dried plants. This set him collecting for himself with all the ardour of his impulsive nature, and all his spare time, including Sundays, was spent in wandering through the woods and fields. This incident seems to comprehend the future bara's exodus from the Egyptian * It would be unjust to Joseph Ramsbottom to dismiss And shall I hang my harp on Rother's side, him with this brief notice. Although in humble life, and For ever mute and stringless there to be, of most unpretentious simplicity of life and character, he Teacher and Friend without one strain to thee 2 was one of our “Men,” who deserves record, and this cannot Teacher and Friend, who bad'st me syllable be done in language more expressive and full of true feeling, Words cull'd from learning's page with weary eye than in the tribute gratefully paid to his memory by Elliott Thy patience taught me zealously and well, himself in his Poem of “Withered Wild Flowers.” But could not teach, like thee, to live and die; To envy nought beneath the ample sky; “Shall verse from sure oblivion try to save, To mourn no evil deed, no hour mis-spent : Each worthless name 2 and no un-venal pen, And, like a living violet, silently Write “Here lies nature's child, the best of men.” Return in sweets to heaven what goodness lent, :k + :k >k >}: >k >k Then bend beneath the chastening shower content.” (ºf eme ; tr. (EII tott. 509 darkness of Nancy Farr's tap-room, to at least a view of that land of poetic promise to which he was bound; it changed the entire current of his outward and inward life. He says, “I began to feel mannish, there was a mystery about me, people stopped me with my plants, and asked me what diseases I was going to cure ? But I was not in the least aware that I was then learning the art of poetry, which I then hated. My wanderings, however, soon made me acquainted with the nightingales in Bassingthorpe Spring.” But this was just what he was learning, and the world has reason to remember with grateful feelings that excellent widowed aunt Robinson, whose kind and gentle hand first unloosed the sparkling fount from whence, so many years after, flowed the stream of song, now rippling onward in Sweetest and serenest sunlight and beauty, and anon with the rush and roar of the heedless and headlong cataract. - º - But the germ of this poetic power was unconsciously quickening at an earlier period. In his walk of two miles, along the banks of the Don, to the school at Dalton, where he says, “I have stood for hours beside his (the master's) desk unable to set down one correct figure,” and during the summer months of the second year, when he was “playing truant” about Dalton Deign, and Silverwood, or Thrybergh Park, the great mother Nature was entrancing his brooding spirit with the unintelligible lispings of her mystic lore, was filling his young, yearning heart, with that love of the “Wonders of the lane,” the river, and the rock, and woods, which was afterwards to have such an affluent outcome of keenest appreciation, and passionately beautiful description. Rotherham cannot reasonably expect soon to reckon on another Ebenezer Elliott amongst its sons, and therefore this somewhat diffuse lingering over the early portion of as remarkable a boyhood as the annals of literature afford, will not be out of place. \ Subdued and saddened by the hard trials of after years, he thus retrospectively glances at these haunts of his boyhood's happiest hours: THRYBERGH. “Scenes of my thoughtless youth ! here are ye all; Dalton, and Dalton School l and Dalton Deign But chang'd ye are l or I am. Mean and small Ye seem, and humbled. Sunk into the plain, The hill is dwarf'd with age. Its coronal The glen hath lost, its ferny plumes, and more Than these, its freedom | Thrybergh's verdant wall Is here, and here the oak I knew of yore; But who to me their grandeur can restore ? My heart hath made them bankrupt. Where they stood Stand Wentworth’s halls; but not, as heretofore, Portall'd for gods. O, far-known Silverwood; O cavern'd Ravenfield ! Don, flowing o'er A narrower bed, bathes now a tamer shore.” As connected with Rotherham, there is little more to tell. “From my sixteenth to my twenty-third year,” he says, “I worked for my father at Masbrough, as laboriously as any servant he had, and without wages, except an occasional shilling or two, for pocket money, weighing every morning the unfinished castings as they were made, and afterwards in their finished state, besides opening and closing the shop in Rotherham, when my brother happened to be ill or absent.” - His first printed poem, “The Vernal Walk,” was written in his seventeenth year; his “Corn Law Rhymes” were not published till twenty years after. The business of the Messrs. Clay and Co., which had been passed over on credit to the elder Elliott, was for some time relieved by the fortune the younger Ebenezer had received with his wife, but it seems to have been, as his son Francis states, previously bankrupt beyond all redemption, and after several years of hopeless efforts, he had to leave the last penny he had in it, and find an asylum with his wife's maiden sisters. In 1843, in a letter to Mr. Watkins, who afterwards became his son-in-law and biographer, he says, “I shudder to think what my condition was at your time of life. I was steeped in troubles, meditating suicide with a cast-iron weight between my legs—then! 5 IO 330th crijam. but it stops my breath. I could tell you tales that would make your hair lift your hat off. Towards the close of 1819, however, when fortune for the first time began truly to smile on me, I was flitting to Sheffield with eight or nine children in a cart, my main stay being the Gospel Oak Company's Agency, worth perhaps £50 a year.” In 1821, when he was forty years of age, he was enabled, by the kind generosity of these ladies, to make another venture in business. He began with a capital of £150, and managed to accumulate a fortune. His prosperity was interrupted by the panic of 1837, and the subsequent commercial revolution, caused by the operation of the Corn Laws, against which he was still fighting, swept away a great part of his earnings. In a letter to Tait, he says, “I lost fully one-third of my savings; and after enabling my six boys to quit the nest, got out of the fracas with about £6,000, which I will try to keep.” He left his villa near Sheffield, and retired to Hargate Hill, near Great Houghton. Hargate Hill is about eight miles from Barnsley, and three from Darfield Station. “I chose this place,” says the poet, “for its beauty, which, as is usual in affairs of the heart, is invisible to all but the enamoured. Rising early one morning, I took a beautiful walk Hargate Hill. of eighteen miles, through parks, wild lanes, and footpaths; reached the place; liked it; and returning the same day, resolved to buy it, supposing the cottage upon it to be worth A 6o, I gave £180 for the land, say / 18 per acre. It was wild land, having been a wood, and fox cover, called on the maps Argilt Hill, or Wood. I have laid out upon it about a thousand guineas.”" From a description of the place by january Searle (George Searle Phillips) this outlay seems to have converted the “wild land” into beautiful gardens and picturesque grounds. “When we were tired of talking,” he says, “he conducted me round the house and garden, and over his little farm of corn fields, grass, and clover. The garden was laid out by the poet himself, very tastefully arranged, having many winding paths in it, running between rich borders of shrubs and flowers. A mound, artificially elevated on one side of the garden, commanded a beautiful and extensive prospect of hills, * From a statement made by Elliott to Miss Rogers, it would seem that accident had to do with this selection, and that disgust on seeing a dog gnawing a bone in the churchyard, determined him to buy at least as much land as would afford himself a quiet grave. Having gone down to Rotherham to see Mr. Benjamin Badger, auctioneer, on some business, he found him at his auction-room attempting to sell a few acres of land, which he described as lying on the edge of Houghton Common. He waited outside the room until some one inviting him to go in, and stating what an excellent bargain might be made, his old determination to become a freeholder came into his mind. Mr. Badger, addressing him, stated the unmistakable chance of a good pennyworth. The land was described as to what part was arable, what was covered with a small wood, &c. He made a bid, and suddenly found himself possessed of a land estate. On looking over his property he was pleased with his bargain. This visit is most likely the one told above in different words. When he bought the place he might have no intention of occupying it, the only question is, as to whether the visit had been paid before or after the purchase. (Ebent; ºr Člliott. 5 II woods, dales, and streams.” “We proceeded from this mound down the hill side, which the poet had planted with trees and shrubs, to the little dell below, where a trout stream went babbling along over its shallow and stony bed. When we arrived opposite the corn fields, just as they slope down to the low lands, we being still in the dell, the poet led me to a tree which spread its friendly branches over the beautiful waving grass at our feet. “Under this tree,’ he said, with a plaintive and serious voice, ‘I mean to be buried. I shall sleep well enough here out of the consecrated churchyard ; and who knows but that I may feel the daisies growing over my grave, and hear the birds sing to me in my winding sheet.” He once desired to be buried at Shirecliffe, under the Gospel Tree, which he has celebrated in his poem of ‘The Ranter,’ and had even driven a large nail in it as a guide. Writing to a friend in September, 1848, he says, “I wish to be buried in my skin at the foot of Lord Galway's ash tree here. My folks are all for holy ground and costs, so I suppose I must submit; and Rotherham Church being full of corruption, and one of our neighbouring clergymen happening to be here, I have been trying to bargain with him for a grave at Darfield.” Here this sweetest and harshest son of song, this poet of the poor, this vehement politician, this struggling, baffled, but at last successful man of business rests; he is laid in fresh earth, beneath a hawthorn tree, that will shed its blossom upon him on the death of every spring.” All the painted and engraved portraits of Elliott are, as he himself says, “caricatures of some sort;” his own pen-and-ink portrait of himself is the same. Of the personal descriptions of him, january Searle is very graphic and true, but one by Dr. Spencer T. Hall, in a series of papers entitled, “Recollections of Remarkable Persons,” appear to me to be the most faithful. “A slender form, of little more than middle height, clad in a black suit of decent but most simple cut, an iron grey complexion, and a roughed-up head of grey hair, surmounting a rather square but uneven forehead, somewhat projecting and bristly eye-brows; an eye not dark and flashing, but rather light and very earnest, a manly nose, and deep upper lip, that looked as if it could, if called upon, be sufficiently scornful; an affectionate rather than sensual chin, a mouth that seemed, as was just the fact, cut out for saying the kindest, tenderest, grandest, or harshest things; an expression of face as if good nature and sarcasm were not unfrequently in the habit of playing at hide and seek behind it, and a sententious utterance, that could be softened down into that in which you would like to hear the most pathetic poetry, or raised to that in which you might imagine the prophet Ezekiel addressing the degenerate Israelites. This latter, the peculiar tone of the denouncing prophet, he assumes as if instinctively, when speaking of the Corn Laws. Such was the man in, I suppose, about his fifty-sixth year.” The “Poet's Prayer” may well serve for the “Poet's Eulogy,” although it can hardly be said he was always “wisely bold.” - “Almighty Father let Thy lowly child, Strong in his love of truth, be wisely bold, A patriot bard, by sycophants reviled, Let him live usefully, and not die old ! Let poor men's children, pleased to read his lays, Love, for his sake, the scenes where he has been ; And, when he ends his pilgrimage of days, Let him be buried where the grass is green,_ Where daisies, blooming earliest, linger late, To hear the bee his busy note prolong. There let him slumber, and in peace await The dawning morn, far from the sensual throng, Who scorn the windflower's blush, the redbreast's lonely song.” It would not be easy to find an instance of more continuous “hope deferred,” and effort oftener frustrated, than in Elliott's case. To a man of his susceptive, ardent, nay, impetuous temperament, the fiery ordeal must have been fearful. His was a manhood of toil and torment wasted in vainly trying to surmount impossible commercial difficulties, the keen anguish of defeat, and of honest, but utter destitution, “Endeavouring to beat down despair by writing poems and painting landscapes in oil from 512 łłotherham. views in the neighbourhood.” In business he was a bankrupt; as a bard, and a grand one even then, he was almost unrecognised and altogether unrecompensed, with a large family, which he loved with all the fulness and tenderness of his impassioned nature. Surely this was a condition of things to bend the sternest, and appal the bravest heart. His was both a loving and brave one, and he again undauntedly entered the arena for a life and death struggle, and won Won wealth, although it again took wings, and flew away; won consideration, position, recognition, and fame, which could not fly, and will not. His fame is imperishably inwoven with the grace and tenderness and resonant richness of our English tongue. The miserable bitterness, misappreciation, and misrepresentation with which some of his writings are defiled, will live also ; but only to show what perverse littleness, as well as Promethean power, unite in that profound, inexplicable mystery—genius ! Ebenezer Elliott, our Rotherham manufacturer and minstrel, affords a lesson in remarkable contrast with that of Samuel Walker, but as partaking more of human trial, temptation, and eventual triumph, more generally applicable, impressive, and instructive. The world, which for so many years refused him recognition, and almost bread, has now with its usual consistency, immortalised him in statuary bronzé. . At Sheffield, where his commercial success was achieved, and his public labours and peculiar patriotism were best known, his monument is erected; but it can hardly be said that the statuary has been more successful than that of portrait painters or engravers, in representing Elliott, as those who knew him, would approve. - Our interest in Ebenezer Elliott is as a poet. It would therefore seem unjust, in any account of him, not to afford some notice of his poetry. The best memoir yet given of him, with a criticism on his writings, is by january Searle, and from the introduction of his work the following extracts are made : I have to speak upon the genius of Ebenezer Elliott, whose stormy life is now ended, and whose great musical heart lies still and silent in the grave. And although, if I consulted my own feelings, the love which I bore the departed poet would prompt me to write a threnody over his ashes, rather than a cool analysis of his mind and writings, yet I will endeavour to merge all private sympathies, and treat my subject in a Catholic spirit from the historical point of view alone. Fortunately, the materials for this work are near at hand; and the poet has not been dead long enough to have passed into the perplexing regions either of mythology or tradition. Indeed, it was but as yesterday that I conversed with him at his own house, heard him read his own poems, and joined with his daughters in singing the beautiful melodies, which, at their request, he wrote and adapted to some of our most popular airs. And when I think of the good and . brave old man, with his venerable grey hairs, his kind eyes now beaming with love, and now flashing with indignant fire, as he spoke of human wrong and misery, I can hardly reconcile myself to the idea that he is gone for ever from the world -3% -X- -X . -X- * Looking at him through his writings, he reminds me of some grim cyclop, into whose body a divine soul has passed, radiating him with glory, and making even his deformities beautiful. For he is not dressed in the ordinary costume of the bards, having his garland and singing robes about him, such as Spenser and Milton wore; but he appears in the naked buff of a hard- working man, grimed with soot and Sweat, and singing of the “accursed Bread Tax,” made manifest to him, as such, in the empty trenchers of his famished children We must not look, therefore, in his pages for that external polish, and courtly bearing which characterise the highest nobility of the poetic order; for there is nothing which he so little professes. And yet he is not without polish ; but, on the contrary, sometimes Surprises us with delicate touches, and even with whole pictures, finished in the best style of the art. The Secret of this rude demeanour—this bandying of coarse names and crooked epithets, which are SO common in his writings, is primarily in the earnestness of his nature, and, in a secondary sense, in that lack of early culture which he sets forth so prominently in his autobiography. It is this rugged, fiery, impetuous utterance however, which gives the main charm to his poetry, and makes it, like Luther's speech, a continual battle. They are the birth pangs of his spirit, as it burst forth with mighty upheavings, from its dumb sepulchre, and arose triumphant into life and melody. %. -X- -X- + In his later writings he evinces more mastery Over his imagination and feelings than in most of his earlier productions; but his wild spirit was never entirely tamed, and the spots and claws of the leopard are everywhere visible in his pages. Few men, however, have proved themselves greater masters than he of the Secrets of rhythmical (£heme; ºr (EIIiott. - 5 I 3 Science. Many of his poems are executed with consummate skill; and his descriptive passages are so true, natural, and beautiful that they can scarcely be surpassed by any similar efforts in the language. He excels most in this kind of writing; because he is always at home with Nature, and loves her like a mother, with a gentle, confiding, and most affectionate heart. But no sooner do the dark aspects of humanity—the wrongs, the follies, the pride, and the crimes of men pass over his mind, than he bursts forth into passionate and vehement exclamation, and the calm heavens and the meek and beautiful earth are suddenly darkened and distorted with the fiery ashes of his wrath % -X- * I think, therefore, from these considerations, and others to be shown hereafter, that Elliott can scarcely be classed amongst the highest order of poetical minds, and yet he belongs to the “true breed of the vermin,” as he himself expressed it, Speaking of a much humbler person. In his writings are to be found all the elements of a beautiful and aesthetic, as well as of a grand moral poetry, and it is precisely in the aesthetic and moral sphere, as distinguished from the spiritual that he takes his place as a poet; looking upon all things through the medium of the beautiful, in their relation to the moral laws. There is something Hebraic and Sublime in the stern justice which he executes upon falsehood and wrong-doing. * The following extracts, from an unpublished letter of Sir John Bowring, are not without interest; they show the temper of the times: - LONDON, 29 March, 1821. DEAR SIR, Your book shall be reviewed in the “Westminster” honestly, certainlya I rejoice to find that spirit awakening, of which your letter is an exemplification and an evidence. When the Catholic question is settled, and one instrument of Fanaticism at least taken Out of the hands of mischief, I hope the people will speak out respecting that far more cruel of Crying grievances the Corn Laws. But how to reach the people? How to teach them that every morsel of bread they and their children eat represents an aristocratical robbery Pb * -X- I hope Mr. Brougham will stimulate Mr. Jeffrey to notice your book; but I fear you are too far gone for Whigs and Whiggery to be interested about it. I am glad you did not send that letter of which you are so kind as to send me a copy. “Keep the end in view” is one of the wisest maxims of philosophy, and I think that letter would have thwarted the end. * % #. Dear Sir, yours no longer anonymously, JOHN BOWRING. The history of the issue of Elliott's productions from “The Vernal Walk,” in his seventeenth year, is interesting, but cannot be given here. In 1833-4-5, he collected and published his poems in three successive volumes, and, in 1840, the previous editions being exhausted, he published the whole of his works in one volume, through Tait, of Edinburgh. His later poems have since been published in two volumes, by Fox, London, under the title of “More Verse and Prose, by the Corn Law Rhymer.” An edition, in two volumes, has been recently brought out, edited by a grandson. His son Francis, writing of his close of life, says: What can I say more ? Shall I tell you how beautifully, how poetically he watched the approach of death P “Francis,” he often said to me, “I am to die, and if I am to live in pain I do not ask to live. I could have wished to have finished ‘Eth. Kon. Tel.” (this was a narrative poem in three parts, each complete in itself. “Etheline,” the first of them, being only completed). “I die with my work undone, with my faculties undeveloped. I cannot help mourning over “Eth. Kon. Tel.” He hastened the marriage of his daughter, Fanny, his beloved daughter, whose name was her mother's, and desired to be buried in the church where she was married. He was supported, on the wedding day, from the bed to the window to see the return of the party from the church. The fatigue was almost more than he was capable of bearing. “My child,” he said to Fanny, “I feel so weak that an infant could fell me with a primrose.” He heard a robin Singing one morning in the garden beneath the chamber window, and composed the lines I send you, dictating them to me as he lay on his pillow. They are his last notes:— * This “book” would most probably be “Peter Faultless * There are other passages in which even stronger and other poems,” published in 1820, and is of all others language is used. It seems to have been a time when most crowded with faults of the worst and coarsest des- out-spokenness reached rudeness, and that Elliott was cription of any of Elliott’s productions, and could, with not alone in violent denunciation. Some passages gleaned from it, be well spared, and its author’s fair fame be cleansed of a blot. 65 5 I4. 330th crijam. “Thy notes, sweet robin, soft as dew, Heard soon or late are dear to me; To music I could bid adieu, But not to thee. When from my heart earth's lifeful throng, Shall pass away no more to be ; Oh! Autumn's primrose, robin's song, Return to me.” The strange grim humour with which he strives to mask his unfathomably deep fatherly feeling in his own account of his family, will conclude this notice of the poet. In an interesting letter he wrote to Mr. Tait, the publisher, of Edinburgh, after he was quietly domiciled in his new abode, he relates all the particulars of the purchase, and gives an account of the fortunes and prospects of his children. - My eldest son, Ebenezer, whom you saw at Sheffield, is a clergyman of the Establishment, being at Lothedale, near Skipton, on a salary of £140 a year, and a house better far than mine, rent free. He has married a lady of great merit, who has a fortune of ÁIOO a year made to herself, and which is in Chancery. Perhaps a more simple-mannered, unassuming man never lived. He is no poet, and yet there is a touch of the poetic in all he does or suffers. If he opens his Snuff-box to a stranger, he spills the snuff of course, he gets on best when he stumbles. His mother thinks he has some resemblance to me. My son Benjamin, unwarned by his father's losses, is carrying on a steel trade at Sheffield, in my old premises, where (as he thinks, poor fellow, for he is a great hoper), he has some prospect; in any other country he would already have made an independency. He endures privations such as no man of his pretensions ought to endure anywhere, and such as no man will endure if free trade be obtained before all is lost. He is a fine young man, upwards of six feet high, of Superior abilities, and the highest moral worth ; but alas ! not unindebted to his grandmother. - My Sons Henry and Francis (as I wish them to do) are living as bachelors on the interest of money earned and saved by themselves, and increased by gifts from me. Henry is tall, handsome, and mechanical; he ought to have been apprenticed to engineering. Francis is tall and good looking, but has the misfortune to be a born poet; for my mother has transmitted to him, through me, her nervous constitution and body-consuming sensibilities. Is poetic genius, then, a disease? My seventh son, Edwin, is a clergyman of the Established Church, for which he may be almost said to have educated himself, and into which he has won his way by his own efforts. Less assisted by me than any of my other sons, he is now a rector in the West Indies, and has, I am told a better income than I have been able to secure after all my toils. He is a Lytton-Bulwer looking person, not unlike a well-grown young clergy-justice, with forehead enough for three. At school, he was remarkable for laughing hostility into kindness—a favourite wherever he went. We always called him the gentleman of the family. * + My poor son John, the weakling—kind-hearted, intelligent, five feet four inches high, and almost blind—is druggisting at Sheffield, in a sort of chimney called a shop, for which he pays £40 a year. He is engaged from seven in the morning until ten at night, almost without a moment's pause, in dealing out halfpenny-worths of drugs; yet I, who have been accustomed to sell goods by tons, think he is as likely to thrive as most of his neighbours, and believe there are thousands of persons in Sheffield who would gladly change places with him. Here follows a fierce tirade on the Corn Laws : To which unholy legislation I impute it, that of my six sons, the only two who could afford to marry may be said to be maintained by the labour of others. Of my thirteen children, five are gone—William, Thomas, Charles, and the two unchristened ones. They left behind them no memorial, and the old inscription has departed from the grave of Charles. But they are safe in the bosom of mercy. and not yet quite forgotten even here. , From some deeply pathetic verses on this tenderly beloved son the following are given:— THOMAS. “Thou art not dead, my son my son But God hath hence remov’d thee; Thou cans’t not die, my buried boy, While lives the sire who lov'd thee. } (ºf eme; ºr (Elliott. 5 I 5 How cans’t thou die, while weeps for thee The broken heart that bore thee; And e'en the thought that thou art not Can to her soul restore thee 2 Will grief forget thy willingness To run before thy duty 2 The love of all the good and true, That filled thine eyes with beauty 2 Thy pitying grace, thy dear request, When others had offended, That made thee look as angels look, When great good deeds are ended ! The strength with which thy soul sustain'd Thy woes and daily wasting 2 Thy prayer, to stay with us, when sure That thou from us wast hasting 2 And that last smile, which seem'd to say— ‘Why cannot ye restore me 2' Thy look’d farewell is in my heart, And brings thee still before me. % * 3: -X- -X- -X- -X- O Mystery of Mysteries, That took'st my poor boy from me ! What art thou, Death 2 all-dreaded Death ! If weakness can o'ercome thee 2 We hear thee not we see thee not, E’en when thy arrows wound us; But, viewless, printless, echoless, Thy steps are ever round us. + -X- * X- -X- + -X- No ||—but for life, and more than life, No fearful search could find thee: Tremendous shadow ! who is He That ever stands behind thee 2 The Power who bids the worm deny The beam that o'er her blazes, And veils from us the holier light On which the Seraph gazes, Where burns the throne of Him, whose name The sunbeams here write faintly; And where my child a stranger stands Amid the blest and saintly, And sobs aloud—while in his eyes The tears, O'erflowing, gather— “They come not yet !—until they come, Heav'n is not Heav'n, my Father l’” The old tree at Ringstone Hill still exists, and has lately been fenced round, the better to preserve this relic of bygone days. The hill “Ringstone” has a height that commands views in some directions of thirty miles; it has a point at which the three Wapentakes of Strafforth, Staincross, and Osgoldcross meet, and was a place of rendezvous in stirring times, especially in the warfare between the Royalist and Parliament forces. Houghton Hall, in the vicinity, being one of the first places to suffer in the strife. The accounts of the township of Sheffield, for the year 1645, show that: “In money, coals, and the charges of the guard, which went to Ringston hill with five men that were pressed, £4 13s. 3d,” and long after these public turmoils and troubles has passed away, even as had the early troubles of his own chequered life, this seclusion sought by him at Hargate Hill, and the occupation of changing a comparatively barren tract into a “home of taste,” one of the most delightful labours on which head, and heart, and hands can unite their powers, was a fitting solace and full compensation for the trials he had undergone, and the patriotic triumphs he had by pen and platform effort, in the plenitude of his splendid 516 z - 330th crijam. endowments, helped to achieve. His were not the arms of courtesy. The political strife in which he was engaged was with him, one of life and death, not personally, but on behalf of the prostrate, and what he called the “trampled poor,” whose means of subsistence almost to the famishing point, were, as he held, wrongfully interfered with. His fiery indignation blazed luridly forth in every burning line he wrote, in terms too often unhappy, incoherent, and unjust, and their very echoes have died away with the fearful occasion which called them forth. Still as the hurricane utterance of a period of conflict which must be piercing to be heard, the writer besought the editor of the late re-issue of “Elliott's Poems,” not to omit or emasculate one of them. Of the astounding compass of our native minstrel's lyre we have abundant proof. The depth of his pathos is equal to the vehemence of his strength, and succeeding the sudden crash and downpour of the thunder- cloud, nothing more tender in expression, or touching in interest, than some of his smaller poems, can be found in the English language. It is difficult to contemplate as one and the same man, the peoples' political champion, thundering with ponderous battle-axe at the crumbling portals of “protection,” and the gentle grey-haired father adapting for his loving daughters his own sweet verses to popular airs for the evening entertainment of their own Serene and secluded home. There are other and stronger claims to our admiration and regard. His descriptive powers have rarely been surpassed; on the one hand his bold and vivid description of mountain masses and their effects, and on the other his delicate delineation of the charms of the diversified surrounding scenery and their elevating and impressive influences, as instanced in “Win Hill,” “The Village Patriarch,” and “Wincobank,” of which snatches only can be given. “King of the Peak | Win–Hill ! thou, throned and crowned, That reign'st o'er many a stream and many a vale ! Star-loved, and meteor-sought, and tempest-found ! Proud centre of a mountain-circle, hail! The might of man may triumph or may fail; But, Eldest Brother of the Air and Light, Firm shalt thou stand when demigods turn pale ! For thou, ere Science dawned on Reason's night, Wast, and wilt be when Mind shall rule all other might. -X- -k -k + -X- * + -X- -k k But, crown'd Win–Hill ! to be a king like thee! Older than death ! as God's thy calm behest ! Only heaven-rivalled in thy royalty Calling the feeble to thy sheltering breast, And shaking beauty from thy gorgeous vest, And lov’d by every good and happy thing ! With nought beneath thee that thou hast not blessed, And nought above thee but the Almighty's wing ! O glorious god-like aim | Who would not be a king 2" FROM THE VILLAGE PATRIARCH. “Five rivers, like the fingers of a hand - Flung from black mountains, mingle, and are one Where sweetest valleys quit the wild and grand, And eldest forests, o'er the silvan Don, Bid their immortal brother journey on, A stately pilgrim, watch'd by all the hills. Say, shall we wander where, through warriors' graves, The infant Yewden, mountain-cradled, trills Her doric notes ? Or, where the Loxley raves Of broil and battle, and the rocks and caves Dream yet of ancient days Or, where the sky Darkens o'er Rivelin, the clear and cold, That throws his blue length, like a snake, from high 2 (ºf eme; ºr Elliott. 517 Or, where deep azure brightens into gold O'er Sheaf, that mourns in Eden Or, where roll’d On tawny sands, through regions passion-wild, And groves of love, in jealous beauty dark, Complains the Porter, Nature's thwarted child, Born in the waste, like headlong Wiming 2 Hark! The pois'd hawk calls thee, Village Patriarch 1 He calls thee to his mountains ! Up, away ! Up, up, to Stannege! higher still ascend, Till kindred rivers, from the summit gray, To distant seas their course in beauty bend, And, like the lives of human millions, blend Disparted waves in one immensity l’’ FROM THE RANTER. “Miles Gordon sleeps; his six days' labour done, He dreams of Sunday, verdant fields, and prayer: O rise, bless'd morn, unclouded ! Let thy sun Shine on the artisan—thy purest air Breathe on the bread-tax’d labourer's deep despair Poor sons of toil | I grudge them not the breeze That plays with Sabbath flowers, the clouds that play With Sabbath winds, the hum of Sabbath bees, The Sabbath walk, the Skylark's Sabbath lay, The silent sunshine of the Sabbath day. + * * * * + * * + Up, sluggards, up ! the mountains one by One, Ascend in light; and slow the mists retire From vale and plain. The cloud on Stannington Beholds a rocket—No, 'tis Morthen spire The sun is risen cries Stanedge, tipp'd with fire; On Norwood's flowers the dew-drops shine and shake; Up, sluggards, up ! and drink the morning breeze. & The birds on cloud-left Osgathorpe awake; And Wincobank is waving all his trees O'er subject towns, and farms, and villages, And gleaming streams, and wood, and waterfalls. Up ! climb the oak-crown'd summit ! Hoober Stand And Keppel's Pillar gaze on Wentworth's halls, And misty lakes, that brighten and expand, And distant hills, that watch the western strand. Up ! trace God's foot-prints, where they paint the mould With heavenly green, and hues that blush and glow Like angel's wings; while skies of blue and gold Stoop to Miles Gordon on the mountain's brow.” Behold the Great Unpaid the prophet lo! Sublime he stands beneath the Gospel tree, And Edmund stands on Shirecliffe at his side ; Behind him, sinks, and swells, and spreads a sea Of hills, and vales, and groves; before him glide Don, Rivelin, Loxley, wandering in their pride From heights that mix their azure with the cloud ; Beneath him, spire and dome are glittering; And round him press his flock, a wo-worn crowd. The hymn they sing is to their preacher dear; It breathes of hopes and glories grand and vast, While on his face they look with grief and fear; Full well they know his sands are ebbing fast; But hark' he speaks, and feels he speaks his last! 518 3&otherham. However disproportionately pressed on the reader's attention, however unwisely protracted this notice may appear, the writer has long entertained a deep conviction, that Ebenezer Elliott's townsmen have sadly failed to recognise and yield appropriate respect to one of themselves, so solely and super-eminently gifted. This painful conviction has irresistably operated in influencing this attempt to create in the minds of those hitherto indifferent, a desire to become better acquainted with productions, which confer on the town the highest literary honour it has hitherto known, or ever may know. I trust this notice will awake a wider and warmer interest in, and assuredly a more than corresponding enjoyment of, the living and loving descriptions of local scenery with which these poems abound. As the Anti-Corn-Law Rhymer, his passionate vehemence scorned all control, and was not only indecorous but unjust; but irrespective of this disfigurement of temperament of the times, by-gone bitternesses apart, and the bane that aroused them destroyed, in his poetry will be found a flow of fresh, sparkling, God- honouring and man-elevating sentiment, and fervid feeling worthy of all acceptance, and promotive of all good. And if this appeal fails in its object, it will not fail as a deliverance felt to be demanded by a sense of simple justice towards a nobly-spirited man and highly- gifted poet. Neither under the Gospel tree, at Shirecliffe, nor the ash tree, with their fanciful attractions, was the last resting-place of the poet to be found, but amid the rural seclusion of Darfield Churchyard, where the daisies may grow undisturbed round his tomb, and the birds sing a requiem over it. Wind-gap Oak i Qſìje Štupft jFamily). à HE following account of this family is principally from Hunter." He #| disposes of the statement of their having been originally of Durham, by shewing that a number of brothers of Robert Swyft were living at and about Sheffield, Tinsley, and Rotherham at an early period, the will of Henry Swyft, of Sheffield, being dated 1521, in which he makes his brother, Robert Swyft, executor, with Nicholas Thompson, his brother- in-law. º Robert Swyft, of Rotherham, who may be considered as the great advancer of the family, was born in 1478, and died in I56I. He was a mercer. His first wife is said, in some accounts of Yorkshire families, to have been, when he married her, the widow of a brewer in London, who had left her great wealth. I have seen nothing to prove or disprove this statement. The family to which by birth she belonged were at that time people of some consideration at Sheffield. Peculiar respect seems to have been on some account paid to her; for the monument at Rotherham + -X- * -X- -X- is erected to her memory as well as that of her husband; and it is said of them that “they lived many rears in the town of Rotherham, in virtuous fame, great wealth, and good worship. They were piti.ul to the poor and relieved them, and to their friends no less faithful than bountiful. Truly they feared God, who plentifully poured His blessings upon them.” The second wife is entirely passed over in the inscription. Her name was Agnes, and not Catherine, as the received accounts of this family represent it; neither is there tolerable evidence of what they state, that she was a daughter of Richard Bosvile, of Gunthwaite. The visitation of 1563, which contains the earliest authentic account of this family, takes no notice of any second wife. This Robert Swyft made his will II Feb. 1559, in which he mentions his nephews Henry and Francis Swyft, of Sheffield; Henry Swyft and Alice his sister, of North Leach in Gloucestershire, his late sister Wright, his son William and wife Agnes, and his daughter Reresby, to whom he gives “a standing cup with a cover all gilt.” This will was proved 2 Dec. 1561. The four children of Swyft were all married in his lifetime into families of great consideration. The Reresbys of Thribergh, and the Watertons of Walton, were two of the most potent families in the Riding; and the heiress of the ancient house of Wickersley of Wickersley, brought to his eldest son lands and wealth in abundance. That son died before his father. He was much employed in the service of the earls of Shrewsbury, residing at Broomhall, a part of his wife's inheritance. He left only daughters, among whom his estate, which was very considerable, was divided. “South Yorkshire,” Vol. I., pp. 205, 206. 52O - .” Rotherham. William Swyft, the younger son, survived his father, and continued to reside at Rotherham. His will bears date 20 August, I568, in which he directs that a substantial honest dinner shall be provided on the day of his funeral for his worshipful and honest friends. Every poor man, woman, and child, shall have their dinner and a penny in silver. His wife and children to be clothed in black, after the antient custom of this realm. To his son Robert, who he desires may follow in the steps of his late grandfather, he gives a chain of fine gold of 24 oz. weight, and two rings of gold graven with his arms and cognizance. He desires that Margaret his wife and Robert his son shall solemnize a marriage between Ralph Beiston, now his ward, and one of his two daughters, which he shall like best. To his servant and cousin, Alexander Swyft, he gives an annuity of £4 from his farm at Wood Lathes, and mentions his cousin, Henry Swyft, father of the said Alexander. Mentions his father-in-law Mr. Wirral, his wife's daughter, Dorothy Riccard, and several other relations. Makes his son Robert executor, and sir Thomas Gargrave the supervisor, to whom he gives a sovereign, value 30 shillings. The will was proved by his said executor. Robert Swyft, his only son, was aged seventeen years and nine months at the time of his father's decease. He resided more at Doncaster and Streetthorpe than at the seats of his family in the more western parts of the wapentake, and had the honour of entertaining prince Henry at his house of Streetthorpe. -k -X- % He was high sheriff of Yorkshire 42 Elizabeth and 16 James I. and received the honour of knighthood from king James I. at York, as his majesty was on his way to take possession of the throne of England. Queen Elizabeth is said to have given him the title of cavalier, and he is in consequence sometimes spoken of as Cavaliero Swyft by his contemporaries. -X- * There is still a kind of remembrance of him existing in the country in which he lived, and a punning story is told from mouth to mouth of a strife between him and a trespasser on the chase whose name was Slack, which De la Pryme, and a century later Mr. Drummond, heard from the people of Hatfield, with such variations as the lapse of a century may be supposed to have occasioned. His first wife was a coheiress of one of the most antient houses in this deanery, the Hastings's of Fenwick; and his second wife, cousin-german to the wife of the great sir Francis Bacon. On 15 Sept. 1617, he made a settlement of his estates, both those which were the inheritance of his first wife and those which were his own inheritance, his eldest son, sir Edward Swyft, being then dead, on Barnham Swyft, then his eldest son and heir male; remainder to Darcy Swyft, his second son; remainder to his own issue male, if more sons; remainder to his eldest daughter, Mary, then the wife of sir Robert Anstruther; remainder to his other daughters, Ursula, Ann, Penelope, and Rosamond; whence it may be concluded that his daughter Elizabeth died in her infancy. He died at Doncaster I4 March 1625. - Sir Edward Swyft was knighted at Belvoir by king James I. on his way to London. He left no issue. His only sister of the whole blood married Robert Rither, esq. of Harwood, of the antient house at that place. She was divorced, and he married again while she was still living. A nuncupative will of hers was proved at York 23 Oct. I631, in which she is described as Marie Rider, alias Swyft, late of Armthorpe, late wife of Robert Rider, esq. and daughter of sir Robert Swyft, knt. late of Doncaster. She gives a few articles of wearing apparel to Elizabeth Hill, of Misen, and the rest to her friend Francis Gresham, of Armthorpe, whom she makes executor. - Barnham Swyft, the eldest surviving son and heir, was created by king Charles I. viscount Carlingford of the kingdom of Ireland. But the honour did not long exist, for he died in the Ioth year of that reign, and having no male issue the honour expired with him. He died beyond sea. His lady was the daughter of the earl of Dumfries, and sister to the earl of Dumfries who married Penelope Swyft, and whose name has several times been mentioned under his second title of viscount Air. The Dumfries family appear at this period to have resided occasionally at Doncaster, where two children of the earl, named Robert and Mary, were baptized. The Inquisition after the death of lord Carlingford, 12 August, 12 Car. I. contains a view of a noble estate possessed by him. - In this long list of properties in several counties, “Forty Messuages, &c., at Rother- ham ” are named. * Robert Swyft became possessed of a considerable part of the property of Rotherham College and Chantries at the Dissolution. The daughter of Lord Carlingford, in whom centred the estates of the Swyft family, married one of the gay profligates of the court of King Charles, of the name of Fielding, a “handsome Fielding,” who outlived them and the lady too. Mr. Edmund Lenthall Swyfte favoured me, in October, 1875, then in his ninety-ninth year, with considerable extracts from his grandfather's MS. notices of his family. The following one is given entire. I believe the venerable writer died in the course of a few months, if not weeks, after its being written. 320table 13ttgomg, 1}laces, amt; 3/mportant (Ebentº. 52 I From my grandfather's M.S. notices of his family, dated 1774, and referring for fuller memoranda to his “Life of the Dean of St. Patrick,” published in 1734. The family of Swift was ancient in Yorkshire. I am not quite certain whether Barnham Swift, Esq., or Sir Edward Swift,a was the elder branch of that family; but he (Barnham) was created Viscount Carlingford by Charles I., I think about the year 1628. He left two daughters, one of whom married a son of the Earl of Denbigh ; the other, the Earl of Eglintoune. - Thomas Swift, a younger branch of the same family, much about the time of the Reformation, took Holy Orders, and had the living of St. Andrews, in Canterbury, wherein he was succeeded by his son William,P who married the daughter and heiress of - - Philpot, Esq., of Goderich, in Herefordshire. Their only son, Thomas, was invested, by Bishop Godwin, with the rectories of Goderich and of Bristow in that county. He aided King Charles I. with three hundred broad pieces, and was pillaged by the Roundheads to his utter ruin. He had married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Erasmus Dryden, and aunt of the poet—they had six sons—Godwin, William, Thomas, Dryden, Jonathan, and Adam. About the time of the Restoration, Godwin went to Ireland, where he married a relative of the Duchess of Ormond, and had been appointed Attorney-General of the Palatinate in Ireland, and made a large fortune at the Bar. Godwin was four times married. In 1673, he married Hannah, a daughter of Admiral Deane, the associate of General Monk, under the Commonwealth. Their son, Deane, in I704, married Elizabeth, the daughter of Francis Lenthall, Esq., and great grand-daughter of Sir Edmund Lenthall (the fifteenth knight in regular descent), whose second son was William, the Speaker of the House of Commons, temp. Charles I. His son, Deane (my grandfather, Deane, born 1706, died 1783) married, in 1739, Martha, the grand-daughter of Adam Swift (the sixth of Godwin's brothers and daughter of his only child) the wife of Theophilus Harrison, Dean of Clonmacnoise, on whose decease she married Captain Whiteway; after whose death, in 1728, she gave all her care, during her later years, to her cousin, the Dean of St. Patrick's. Godwin's fifth brother, Jonathan, married Abigail Eric, the descendant of Eric, the Forester, and Heptarchic King of Kent. Their only child was the Dean of St. Patrick's. Here closes the genealogic memoir of my beloved and honoured grandfather, who died in I783; my grandmother, Mary Harrison, died in 1789; my father, Theophilus, died in 1815; my elder brother, Deane, in 1858; and at this moment, nearing on my ninety-ninth year, I am the representative of Godwin's third branch. Mr. Edmund Lenthall Swyfte, who frequently contributed to “Notes and Queries” on family history, also refers me to the following notices, which to some readers may not be without interest: 2nd S., v., 24, 28, 69, 77, I I 9, 138. 3rd S., vi., 70, II 7 ; xii., 35o. 4th S., V., 66, 135, I 59, 2 I I, 305, 4 Io. 5th S., vii., 33, 333, 416. The following is one of the contributions referred to. It is an amplification of the extract from the grandfather's MS. notices above given, but so crowded with grand alliances, and incidents which outvie romance, even to his last personal and pardonable glorification of “being now in my ninety-ninth year, but with children, grand-children, and great-grand- children enough to secure the third branch to the ‘crack of doom, so as to make it to Rotherham, which it connects with Dean Swift, one of its strangest and brightest historic pages.” The genealogical sketch of our family, penes me, addressed by my grandfather, carum et venerabile momen, to his children in 1774, reaches no higher than Sir Robert Swyfte, of Rotherham, in Yorkshire, temp. Eliz. referring to more ancient records in his published “Life of the Dean of St. Patrick.” The Ulster King-at-Arms, however, enumerates “Swyfte, Swifte, Swift,” nine antecedent generations. The daughter of the Elizabethan Knight, Penelope, married the Earl of Dumfries; their issue, Lady Mary Crighton, married Barnham Swyfte, who was created Viscount Carlingford in 1628, and died in 1642, s. m. p., leaving two daughters, one of whom married the Earl of Eglintoun, the other, a son of the Earl of Denbigh. How the Dumfries earldom became merged in that of Bute, now the marquisate, let me refer to M. and Q., 3rd S. vi., II 7. My grandfather made a note of other noble connexions, disregarding the familiar via: ea nostra voca, but observing their monitions to maintain, if not our ancestral rank, Our ancestral honour. Sir Robert's second son, Thomas, was rector of St. Andrews, in Canterbury, a benefice held by himself and his son William through fifty-five years, as their monument in that church testifies. William married Jane Philpot, the heiress of Goderich and of Bridstow. His temporal * Sir Edward Swift is mentioned in some old records as ° There is an interesting paper on Sir Robert Swyft, in resident in Hereford among the gifted personages of that the “Yorkshire Archaeological Journal,” with engraving city, in the middle of the seventeenth century. of seal, Vol. IV., p. 39, by Charles }ackson, Esq., of ° They were both buried there, as their monument Doncaster. testifies (1625), after a lapse of fifty-five years. 66 522 330th crijam. estate was largely impaired by his ultra-royalism in aid of Charles I., and his spiritualities were thoroughly sacked and fired by Roundheads. He married Elizabeth, the grand-daughter of Sir Erasmus Dryden, and aunt of the poet, whose “epistle to this honoured kinsman, John Dryden, Esq., of Chesterton,” commemorates a certain outrageous kingly coup d'etat,a and its constitutional defeat in the House of Commons. She bore him six sons, Godwin, William, Thomas, Dryden, Jonathan, and Adam. At the restoration of Charles II., Godwin betook himself to Ireland, where the Duke of Ormond conferred on him the Attorney-Generalship of the Palatinate, and by his eminence at the Bar, he acquired a large estate, all of which was lost in a speculation committed to the management of his coachman and his cook, who had married while in his service, Mr. and Mrs. Henry. Godwin was a tetragamist. By his first wife, Miss Webster, he had no issue; for his second I refer to M. and Q. 3rd S., vi., I 17, and to Sir Bernard Burke; his third wife was Hannah, the daughter of Admiral Sir Richard Deane, associate with General Monk under the Protectorate. Their son Deane, who died in 1713, had married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Edmund Lenthall, whose son, William, had been Speaker of the House of Commons in the disastrous reign of Charles I. My grandfather's MS. devotes ten of its elaborate pages to the history of the Lenthalls; he tells us, that the father of Sir Edmund, their fifteenth knight in uninterrupted succession, married the daughter of Sir Peter Temple, a descendant from Leofric, Earl of Mercia, and his consort, the famous Countess Godiva. As the Several royalties and peerages wherewith the Lenthalls have been connected reach backward centuries, I will but add, that the house of Burford, in Oxfordshire, is its eldest representative. Let my grandfather, the grandson of Dean Swift and Elizabeth Lenthall, speak now of himself. He was born in 1706 and died in 1783. (My Own childish tears were shed upon his last hours.) He married Mary, granddaughter of Adam Swifte, and daughter of Theophilus Harrison, the Dean of Clonmacnoise; upon whose decease her mother married Captain Whiteway, and Subsequently gave their closing cares and comforts to the remaining days of her kinsman Jonathan, the Irish Dean and “Drapier.” Two of my grandfather's children were drowned in the passage between Chester and Dublin. His surviving daughter married the representative descendant of Godwin, de jure Viscount Carlingford. She died in 1789, my father in 1815, his elder son in 1863, s. m. p., myself only remaining, now in my ninety-ninth year, but with children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren, enough to Secure our third branch, until “the crack of doom.” Godwin's fourth marriage was with a descendant of the Meades, Earls of Clanwilliam, and subsequently with a near connexion of the (now extinct) barony of Tracton. The primary Godwin's fifth brother, Jonathan, married Abigail Eric, the descendant of the Danish chieftain Hengist, who fell in the battle field at Thanet, contending against the Norman conqueror. His posterity settled in Leicester, where their patronymic, like many an ancient family, degenerated in Errick and Herrick. In that city Jonathan's child is said to have been born—the last of his generation, but the imperishable honour of his name. The youngest of this sextuple fraternity, Adam, has already been accounted for in my grandfather's marriage with his granddaughter, Martha. Their posterity, like many others amongst us, has in the last two centuries been intertwined with the de jure claims of the Carlingford peerage, beyond the enodation of the College of Arms. WBr, jeargon, j.33.5%. George Pearson, M.D., F.R.S., &c., was born at Rotherham, and there baptized on the 4th September, 1751. He was the eldest son of John Pearson, surgeon, of that place, and of Mosbrough Hall, near Eckington, Derbyshire; the latter was the third son of the Rev. Nathaniel Pearson, vicar of Stainton, in the West Riding. The subject of this notice died November 9th, 1828, aged seventy-seven years, and was buried at St. George's Cemetery, Bayswater. The following particulars relative to him are taken from a private MS. memorandum written by the doctor's nephew, the late Henry Bower, Esq., F.S.A., of Doncaster:- He was educated at the Grammar School, at Doncaster, and only two months before his death, revisited it with great delight, scattering jokes among the assembled boys. Whilst at Edinburgh, he studied under Drs. Black and Cullen, at the age of seventeen, as appears from the notes of a course of “Lectures on Vegetation and Agriculture,” delivered by the latter in 1768, and which Dr. Pearson afterwards published. Attracted by his connections in Yorkshire, he first settled at Doncaster, and attended during the season at Buxton, where he completed a series of experiments on the waters of that bath, a work which left little to be done by future enquirers. * The King sending two of the members to prison, and having to release them. 32ntable 43rrgūng, 3}lace5, and 3/mportant (ºpentº. 523 His ardent and enquiring mind now began to feel that the metropolis alone was the proper sphere for men of talent, and having married a relative and namesake, he removed to 52, Leicester Square, London. There he resided for many years, and established his reputation as the first medical and chemical lecturer of the day, so that at one time his class produced him a thousand pounds per annum. To his indefatigable exertions, assisted by Dr. Woodville, the public are indebted for the successful introduction of vaccination, after its discovery by Jenner, whose merits he considered over rewarded by the nation, and with whom he had much unpleasant controversy. He had both an extensive intercourse and correspondence with the scientific spirits of the age at home, which it is to be regretted that he did not preserve. He was a member of most of the literary institutions on the Continent of Europe, as well as in America. At his house I have frequently seen Ingenhouz, Cavallo, Bancroft, Spurzheim, the Duncans of Edinburgh, Sir George Baker, Sir John Sinclair, Sir Joseph Banks, Earl Dundonald, Cartwright, Seward, Chantrey, Mungo Park, Sir Francis Burdett, Burney, Horne Tooke, &c, &c., while his intimate acquaintance with Kemble and Mrs. Siddons led him to a frequent intercourse with the Green Room, to the poorer members of which he was at all times a kind medical friend. He was absent and credulous, and his love of money made him the dupe of artful Schemes and speculations, which turned out unprofitable. Ardent in the pursuit of Science, and his profession, he never relaxed his application and industry to the last. He was strongly attached to his family and his friends, in whose cause he was indefatigable. His knowledge of medicine, and his skill in the treatment of disease, was great, though he had his prejudices, such as his dislike to calomel. He would have risen to the first honours and rank in his profession had he been a man of the world and less parsimonious. Dr. Pearson was the author of numerous publications, one of which, dated 1785, is entitled, “Directions for Impregnating Buxton Waters with its own and other Gases, and for composing Artificial Buxton Water.” The list comprises a wide range of subjects, but largely on vaccine inoculation. He was also a frequent contributor to the “Philosophical Transactions” and other periodical publications. His death was caused by a fall down stairs; having been the last of the family to go to bed, his accident was not discovered until the morning, when the servants went down; and his injuries were such that he expired the same day. $obert £imblep." This eminent performer on the violoncello was born at Rotherham, in Yorkshire, in 1777. He displayed a fondness for music from his infancy; and at four years of age, his father who was an amateur musician, could not please him so much as by playing to him on the violoncello. He shortly after commenced teaching him the violin; and as soon as he had gained the age of nine years, gave him lessons on the violoncello, in which he continued to be his instructor for seven years. He subsequently received lessons from the celebrated Cervetto, who undertook to give him tuition gratuitously; and under so excellent a master, with a genius of the highest promise, Lindley could not fail to excel. Soon after his arrival in the south of England, and during the time the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV., held his court at the Pavilion, Brighton, Lindley being engaged at the theatre there, was commanded to perform before his royal highness, who expressed himself highly delighted with his powers. In 1794, he had acquired such deserved consideration, that he succeeded Sperati as first violoncello at the opera, or King's theatre, a post he continued to hold for many years; during which time no music meeting or concert of consideration, in England, was considered complete without the assistance of Lindley: his performances alone, indeed, in many provincial towns were almost sufficient to draw an audience. No musician, probably, ever had a greater command of his instrument, and his style of playing was undoubtedly unique. His bow arm had unlimited powers of action; his tones were full and Sweet; his variety of expression, perfection of time, power of modulating, and rapidity in fingering (his passing from the top to the bottom of the finger board of his unwieldly instrument, being an operation of no effort to him) was truly surprising. In private life he was a most amiable man and an excellent companion. Though not communicative, in consequence probably of an impediment in his speech, no man enjoyed pleasing and instructive conversation more. Mr. Lindley Composed several concertos and other works of merit for his instrument; and was one of those who early adopted the popular plan of introducing in his concertos some popular melody, upon which to ground the delightful variations with which his pieces abounded. * From the “Georgian Era,” Vol. IV., p. 323. 524. - 330th crijam. floorgate and its Qāortbits. Mr. John Clark, who has been named as one of the masters of the Feoffees’ School, prepared some MS. notes, from which we give the following extracts, relating to places and especially to persons of position at the end of the last century, and the early part of the present century. Several of the persons named rendered meritorious services in the management of the affairs of the town, and although these notices cannot rank as memoirs, they are interesting reminiscences of those bygone worthies. The first place mentioned in these notes is Moorgate, and before coming to what Mr. Clark has to say about it, an early Deed of Conveyance may be appropriately given. The ancient dwelling named in the deed, conjures up the memory of a number of local notabilities in connection with it. Mr. Arthur Burnley stands unenviably foremost, as having cut down fifty-two border oaks which girded the “pack-horse road,” in the building of his house there. From him it would seem to have passed into the hands of Mr. Charles Tooker, and to have been adjacent to the dwelling-house of Francis West, Esq., gentleman, who had succeeded his father, William West, Esq., who removed to Firbeck, and whose great work “Symboloeography,” would no doubt be principally prepared at Moorgate. Mr. Darwent, another attorney, was largely connected with the public business of the town, when Mr. Samuel Tooker's name became so distinguished that Moorgate-road was called “ Tucker's lane.” I628. Deed of Conveyance Between Thomas Cork of Tynsley yeoman on the 20 Jan., 3 Chas. I. | one part and Charles Tooker of Rotherham in the Co Genth on the other part Witnesseth that the sd Thos Cork for and in consideration of the sum of four-score and ten pounds of lawful money of England to him by the sq., Chas Tooker well and truly in hand paid at and before the sealing and delivery hereof whereof he acknowledgeth the receipt and himself thereby fully satisfied and thereof and of every part thereof doth by these presents clearly acquit and discharge the Sd Charles Tooker his heirs executors and administrators and every of them. Hath granted aliened bargained and sold and by these presents doth fully and absolutely for and from him his heirs grant alien bargain sell enfeoff and confirm unto the sº Charles Tooker and his heirs All that Messuage or Tenement situate standing and being in Rotherham aforesd on the east side the dwelling-house of Francis West of Rotherham aforesd gentleman at in or near a place there called Canklow Moorgate also Canklow Lydgate late in the tenure and occupation of Arthur Burneley and now in the tenure and occupation of Thomas Doe sonne-in-law to the sº Thos Cork, Together &c. &c. Whereof the sº Thomas Cork heretofore purchased or had of the graunte or severall grauntes of the sd Francis West and of one Thomas West of Doncaster gent” or either of them. The name of this road, Canklow Moorgate, indicates that at that period this would probably be the principal mode of access to Canklow Wood, as it was afterwards to the Race Course and the Bowling Green. However that may be, as the residence of Samuel Tooker, Esq., it became, both on account of his hospitable house, and finely-kept grounds, the most noted place of the neighbourhood. It is not easy, adequately to describe the appearance which Moorgate plantations and grounds presented at that time. At the north end of the fine westward terrace there was an old moss-house, and a plain pavilion (still existing) on the south. The underground passage under the turnpike road, from the west side of the grounds to the mansion, was an uncommon object, and in the minds of the labouring classes it must needs have had an uncommon purpose, and it was the popular notion that it was “to hide in when Boney came.” Mr. Tooker took great pride in the good order and adornment of his grounds, whilst the view from the west terrace (still magnificent in its usual sombre shroud) was one of which Arthur Young says, “I would at any time, with the utmost pleasure, ride forty miles to view such another.” Beech-en- Hurst, the residence of Mr. George Eskholme, now crowns that splendid site. 32ntable 33rrgong, 3}laces, and 3/mportant (Étientä. 52.5 Mr. Clark describes the Moorgate of his day, and its then proprietor, as follows: MOORGATE, in the immediate suburbs of the town, is one of the most healthy and pleasant situations to be found in the county of York, and with the advantage of its lately-formed terrace walks and plantations, has an extensive prospect nearly all round, for many miles, of the richest land, and in the best state of agriculture in Great Britain. It abounds in villas, mansions, woods, copses, hills, valleys, waters, mills, and manufactures; and, in addition to the richness of the surface, the land abounds with valuable beds of coal and ironstone, and also in every description of excellent building material. SAMUEL TOOKER, ESQ., was the last male heir of a respectable and loyal family, who had enjoyed this beautiful and desirable situation for upwards of two hundred years. The estate is small (being less than one hundred acres), but formerly the tythes of the township of Wath- upon-Dearne and other townships belonged to the family; but through the wildness of his grandfather (who was a great hunter) the paternal estates were greatly reduced. Tooker Tooker, Esq., the father of the late Samuel, is said to have been one of the most virtuous young men of his day; he died 16th December, 1745, beloved and respected in the thirty-seventh year of his age, leaving a widow, with one son and two daughters. This widow, Frances, Survived her husband nearly thirty-five years, and died 15th December, 1780. Samuel (like his father and grandfather) was brought up to the Law, and for Several years was an active magistrate; he became very popular on the bench for keeping the Counsellors in what he called order, or close to the law of pleading. This conduct brought him under the notice of the late Duke of Leeds, who, in order to make him steward of his courts, persuaded him to resign his seat on the Bench of Justices, and take one amongst the gentlemen of the “Long Robes.” Mr. Tooker was a very successful pleader for many years, and for some time, with his cousin, Samuel Buck, Esq., divided almost the whole of the most important business of the Bar between them, as they were invariably opposed to each other in their pleadings. [It is somewhat singular that Mr. Clark does not advert at all to Mr. Tooker having been Borough Recorder of Doncaster, to which office he was elected on the 21st February, I775, and which he held for thirty-one years, having been much respected for impartial justice and strict integrity of conduct]. This benevolent, humane, and charitable gentleman was the disinterested father of the public and private affairs of the town of Rotherham. He willingly and gratuitously offered and gave his advice upon every subject connected with parochial business, and often prevented or assuaged serious litigations; he well deserved the nickname given him by his great friend (Mr. Robert Cutforthay) the “peacemaker.” His subscriptions and donations generally to every charitable and humane institution, were as great as those of others whose yearly income was equal to the fee-simple of his own estates; and the reason he gave for so doing was, the great pleasure which he felt in his own mind, after such acts of doing good in his lifetime. He thought the time nearly past, for deferring to do good until a death-bed, and then to leave money or estates to the poor of succeeding generations; as pious people now could venture on the mercies of an Almighty and Gracious God, through faith in His Son, without purchasing a place in Heaven by bequests. Notwithstanding the pleasure he thus took in doing good, he wished all his acts of charity to be completely in secret as to the donor, where it was possible so to be ; and the writer of this, who had the pleasure of distributing many pounds for him yearly amongst poor persons, was never suffered to mention his name. He often regretted that he had outlived (or lost as he called it) all whom he had best known, and most respected and loved. A new race had sprung up in his time, of a respectable class, but Divine Providence had removed some to a better world, and separated others to a great distance, and not one of the friends or companions of his youth was, at the later period of his life, left in the neighbourhood. That he had lost a Mason, a Wilkinson, a Carver, an Athorpe, and a Foljambe, and many others of equal standing and worth, gentlemen whose urbanity of manners and virtuous conduct through life, made them universally beloved both by their equals in fortune and those who participated in their constant liberality and benevolence. For a few years before his death his mind became very seriously engaged in religious matters; on my frequent waiting upon him on business, he seldom omitted to ask me what good books had been voted into the library since his last attendance, with a request to let him have the first reading of pious publications, and especially of the Bampton Lectures; he called them all masterly performances, but thought Notts' Lectures had not sufficient Christian charity in them towards other sects of Christians. He greatly admired Porteus' Lectures on St. Matthew's Gospel. He heard the bishop preach several of them, and said they were so sublimely delivered that they made a great impression on his mind at the time, but on seeing them in print they did not read like the same composition. One evening, I waited upon him with the list of the poor persons I had served with his benefaction; he looked it over, threw it into the fire, and, as usual, directed me to sit down. He asked me how I had found poor Frank Owen P “Poor fellow,” 526 330th crijam. said he, “I have, of late, very often thought of him; he was a very faithful and industrious servant of mine for many years; he has suffered greatly by asthma, and seems to have been dying for several years past. I have been thinking what a blessed transition his will be, from a world of pain and sorrow to a world of joy and blessedness; it must far exceed mine, who have now enjoyed more than sixty years of unremitted good health, and the enjoyment of everything my heart has wished for.” This short notice of a very estimable man, refers only to the latter part of his life, when both mind and body which had been vigorously exercised for many years, had become infirm and feeble; and it only forms a small part of what the writer intended to give, as there are several places in his MS. in which “Tooker's Memoirs” are referred to. Samuel Tooker, Esq., who died 23rd December, 1806, at Moorgate, left by his will, dated 25th August, 1800, the following legacy: And I do direct my Executors hereinafter named to pay out of my personal estate alone within six months after my decease to the Feoffees of the Common Lands of Rotherham the sum of Thirty pounds to be put out by them at interest and the annual interest arising there- from to be disposed of by the said Feoffees and their successors amongst poor housekeepers within the town of Rotherham who have no parish pay on every 4th day of November for ever. And also to pay out of my Personal Estate to the said Feoffees within six months after my decease the further sum of Twenty pounds to be by them applied in such manner as they shall think proper for the Encouragement of Sunday Schools within the said Town of Rotherham. And I give the said Feoffees the further sum of Three pounds to pay the duty imposed upon the said Legacies. Richard Holden the surviving Executor proved the first Will. The money as under paid to the Feoffees, 1807, July 11th, Legacy received £53 Duty charged. .. 5 Cash received only £48 John Davison, author of “The beautiful situation of Rotherham for Trade,” a pamphlet written in unpolished prose and verse, but full of correct views and common sense opinions, was gardener at Moorgate at this time, and thus apostrophizes the place: Moorgate Hall. 3}otable 43rrgong, 33laces, amt; 3/mportant (Étientä. 527 “But once again. A place remains unsung, Where lavished nature charms each eye, each tongue, With the majestic view it thence displays, And miles around its beauties open lays. This, and much more, Moorgate, belongs to thee! When from thy pleasure-grounds with joy we see Matchless, unrivalled charms, that cheer thy sight; Behold in them at morning, noon, or night, Pleasure and health, are in thy walks combin’d To captivate the gay or serious mind.” And the resident owner of this paradise, his master: “Oh, Tooker, canst thou range the country round, And in thy breast no kindling spark be found, For this thy native town, and still thy home; Nor strive to gain a name for time to come When in thy fields thou walk'st, and dost espy Those modern buildings which around thee lie, Then view'st thine ancient, venerable pile, Descended from defenders of our isle; Heaves not thy breast, with secret transport fir’d, Tho' theirs appear more gay, thine's more admir’d.” And calls upon him in most vehement and unmeasured terms to boldly stand forth, and “Rouse then thy genius, act a generous part, And show thou hast thy country’s good at heart. :}; # # #: # $ # $: And boldly stand thy town and country's friend; Establish Trade 1 and the poor’s sorrows end; In future ages men shall speak thy fame, And children yet unborn thy worth proclaim.” A passing glance may be given to the distinguished names mentioned by Mr. Tooker, and to several others not mentioned, of those who then formed the circle of worthies, and whose elevated position and important public services, brought them into constant notice and social communion in this immediate neighbourhood, during the latter half of the last century; and we might be very proud to see the like again. Francis Foljambe, Esq., of Aldwark, but who soon died and left a grand testimony behind him: the Rev. William Mason, of Aston Rectory, the friend and correspondent of Gray and Walpole: Earl Fitzwilliam, who filled the highest public offices, including that of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland: Thomas, Earl of Effingham, celebrated for ability and eccentricity, but who rendered very diligent and able service to Rotherham : the Rev. Edward Carver: the Rev. James Wilkinson, not to be forgotten at Sheffield: Colonel Athorpe, commandant of the Sheffield Infantry, of whom James Montgomery had no pleasant recollection: James Archibald Stuart Wortley, Esq., who undeniably earned of his king and country the recognition awarded to his high character and eminent services. These, with the Walkers, and several others, especially kind and polite old George Lempriere, gave a dignified tone to the surrounding district at that day. MR. JOHN CUTFORTHAY, Surgeon and Wine Merchant, of Rotherham, who died upon February 15th, 1780, aged 65, left the following memorandum : “I recommend it to my son to pay into the hands of the Feoffees of the town of Rotherham, now in being, the sum of Fifty pounds, six months after my decease, The Interest of which money I appoint to be laid out in good Household Bread, in Loaves not exceeding Fourpence in value, and to be distributed to such Families, as belong to the Town of Rotherham, more or less, according to the largeness of their Families, every first or second Sunday in February annually, as shall seem to them most convenient. - “As witness my hand this 21st day of July, 1779. “JoHN CUTFORTHAY. “Witness, WM. WASTENEY, “GRACE WASTENEY, “MARY SHILLITTO.” 528 - 330th crijam. This legacy was paid into the hands of the Feoffees by his only son, Mr. Robert Cutforthay, and vested in the Estates in the Trust of the Feoffees of the Common Lands, for the interest of which the Feoffees pay into the hands of the Churchwardens the sum of fifty shillings yearly; and it is laid out by them in bread, and distributed to the poor, at the time and according to the appointment of the donor. Mr. John Cutforthay was a gentleman greatly respected for his urbanity of behaviour; his lively and cheerful conversation made his company courted by all the most respectable gentry of the town and for several miles round. He took the lead at every manly kind of amusement, and none of his companions could cope with him at running, leaping, or in any athletic sport. His great strength and agility bade defiance to every antagonist. He was never known to quarrel with his companions; and although he was at times jested by them, touching his length, and breadth, and strength, he would return the jest with a smile, by saying it was not his fault, that he was born in the midst of a Liliputian race. He was generally made the master or judge at all the diversions, would never suffer any difference of opinion to arise so far as to grow to anger and separate friends. He was very partial to the game of bowls, and was the original proposer to the making of the excellent bowling green on the Quarry Hillsa (lately destroyed) it was a favourite diversion through the summer evenings, with most of the respectable gentlemen, and the lower classes were permitted to sit or stand upon the banks of the bowling green to see the diversion. At one of those meetings Mr. Samuel Tooker and his cousin, Mr. Samuel Buck, differed so seriously as to strip for a fight; Mr. Cutforthay was grieved to see two of the most respectable young gentlemen in the town so degrading themselves, and used every endeavour to reconcile them without effect—the call to play being urgent. He suddenly caught each of them by the arm, and, with his great strength, marched both out of the ground, and with the gentle rebuke of “My dear young friends, you will very soon be men, and know better; go home to your mothers, get a Sup of pap, and leave your bad tempers there, and then return to us good friends, and you shall play with us; for you shall not disgrace yourselves in my company.” Mr. Tooker told the author that this rebuke had so salutary an effect upon the minds of them both (being both fatherless) that it riveted both their affections towards him through life, and was often the subject of conversation many years after. Mr. Cutforthay was by far the largest and heaviest person that can be remembered in Rotherham or its neighbourhood; he was about six feet three inches high, and near forty stones in weight. A few years before his death he was quite alert and took great exercise, and generally walked a mile before dinner. His coffin was six feet nine inches long, and so broad as to admit the three young men who made it side by side in it. The Corpse was carried to the church on a drug, canopied over with black cloth, and was let down into the grave by ropes and pulleys; the hook to which they were fastened still remains in a beam to the roof, over the grave, which is at the foot of the staircase into the north gallery of the church. His funeral occasioned the greatest number of spectators ever remembered at such a scene. (Iije Hitotijerijam Eſolunteers, f While rumour scatters loud alarms, The patriot wife her husband arms; The mother views her dauntless son To meet the danger, proudly run. The maiden clasps her lover's hand, And bids him join the glorious band; “Each volunteer, each volunteer, Each gallant British volunteer, Huzza to arms—the foe is near !” Aſrom a “Call to Arms in the moment of Invasion.” AT the Mechanics’ Institute, at Rotherham, there is a large painting, which was presented by Mrs. Hoare, of Godstone Rectory, of a group of volunteer cavalry officers and neighbouring gentleman. It was painted by her father, Richard Holden, Esq., practising as an attorney at Rotherham, and who resided with his uncle, Samuel Tooker, Esq., at Moorgate Hall. Mr. Holden combined with his profession of the Law the somewhat * These quarry-hills and the land adjoining were awarded, Walker, purchased of him by Mr. Thomas Downes, and of on enclosure of the fields and commons, to the Earl of Mr. Downes by the proprietors at the period this was Besborough, and afterwards purchased by Mr. Joshua written. 32ntable 33rrgſms, 43/acrg, and 3 mportant (Étientä. 529 incongruous accomplishment of that of artist; and, in his day, whilst taking the lead in his profession, Moorgate Hall was rich in family portraits painted by him. The painting represents a group of officers, or the staff of an inspecting officer at a review; several of whom, as those of Earl Fitzwilliam, Colonel Athorpe (in blue), Lieutenant Newton, and Cornet Lempriere, and the Walkers, with the trumpeter of the Rotherham Troop, Joseph Badger, are distinguishable. The whole group, with the several mounted gentlemen, are, no doubt, all portraits. Beyond, the troop are making a charge, and the picture will probably be commemorative of a review on Brinsworth Common in 1804. It is asserted that Rotherham took the lead in the patriotic outburst which convulsed the country throughout its length and breadth at this imperilled period of the national life, and that the first enrolling of names was at Rotherham, these for a long time being toasted as “the first fifteen,” forming, as they did, the germ of the national defence in the great French War. A claim like this could not be made without a proper foundation for it, and it may be accounted for by the fact that Earl Fitzwilliam, being lord lieutenant, and on the spot, was one of the most ardent supporters of the war, and at the head of the movement; Rotherham being also the seat of the cannon trade. The Rotherham Yeomanry Cavalry were a fine and dashing troop at that period; the Yateses and Booths were remarkably fine men; three of the latter served in the Peninsular War. Charles was killed in the storming party at Badajoz. But the great attraction was the regiment of infantry, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant Joshua Walker and Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Walker, with their band. These were of the people, and had the hearts of the people with them. Any attempt to describe the universal excitement, and the war-spirit enthusiasm which prevailed in this town and neighbourhood during the last decade of the last century, and the first of the present, would utterly fail. It pervaded all ranks, parties, and conditions, and the very few who then bore the name of Jacobins were for the time extinguished. Perhaps the most forcible exposition of it was the then celebrated exclamation of Earl Fitzwilliam, “War while we have a man or a guinea left.” Events produced a change in his lordship's opinions; but the one then expressed was the keynote of the exasperated feeling of the kingdom at that time. Rotherham was not one whit behind in this patriotic appeal. The first notice of enrolment and Subscription we need to notice is as follows: * Fmrolment and Subscription for raising Volunteer Corps. At a meeting of the Wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, held on Saturday, May 31st, I794, at the Town Hall, in Doncaster, a liberal subscription was entered into, headed by the Corporation of Doncaster with 500 guineas, at the same time gentlemen enrolled themselves for personal Service.—BACON FRANK, Chairman. The subscriptions amounted in the whole to £15,773 6s. Rotherham pledged itself for £499; Tadcaster, ſ.325 15s.; Knaresbrough, ſ.408 12s. ; Wakefield, ſs 97.6s. ; Skipton, ſ1,855 33.; Selby, ſo I 8 4s. ; Barnsley, A.S85 33. 3d. ; Doncaster, ſ 1,295 5s. ; Leeds, £1,153 Ios. Amongst the contributors who only need be named here, were Wentworth Fitzwilliam, ſ1,000; Rev. William Mason (Aston), / Ioo; Samuel Tooker, Esq., Aſ Ioo. On the 9th July, at a meeting held at Pontefract, the high sheriff in the chair, the following gentlemen were recommended as officers: Troop formed at Rotherham. C. Newton, Esq., lieutenant; George Lempriere, Esq., cornet. On November 7th, the West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry assembled at Doncaster to receive their standards, and it is described as “a magnificent ceremony.” The whole regiment dined with the Mayor and Corporation at the Mansion House, amounting to upwards of four hundred gentlemen. These treats were profusely given, adding fuel to the flame in all directions. There was a grand jubilee at Peterborough, on the 13th June. Earl Fitzwilliam, as captain of the yeomanry, provided an excellent dinner for them at the Talbot. Plenty of liquor was given to the populace. The Government apprehended that the impending blow of the threatened invasion would take place on the Yorkshire coast, and took every precaution against surprise ; no less than 15,000 cavalry were billetted in the county in February, I 797. 67 53O #otherham. January 22nd, 1798. The Corporation of Doncaster, as the climax of considerable large subscriptions, voted £1,000 at the Bank of England for the service of the State, and abolished, for the time, entertainments and other expenses. The heart of the nation was profoundly stirred; there was not a man who did not hold it as a sacred duty to arm himself for the protection of the country. . * - The last verse of eight of a popular song, at that period, expresses the feeling of the time: “Hark! hark! the martial trumpets sound, And one and all the notes obey; Undaunted myriads throng around; Yes! we shall fight the foe to-day ! Never their standard tri-color Shall Bonaparte's legions rear, In triumph on fair freedom's shore, Whilst Albion boasts one Volunteer.” The transient lull of the peace of Amiens, of 1802, had soon been broken. Bonaparte insisted upon concessions England could not entertain, and he again menaced an invasion of Britain, saying, “I know that myself and a great part of the expedition will probably go to the bottom, but I am determined to make the attempt.” All England at once displayed a spirit equal to the emergency. Bonaparte's was no idle threat. A vast army of Frenchmen, and they were the army which afterwards triumphed at Jena, Austerlitz, and other places, assembled at Boulogne, the finger posts to which place from Paris were inscribed “Chemin de Londres” (road to London). We were then without an ally. Our army was weak in numbers, and wanting in organization. At sea we “ruled the waves.” But Bonaparte's preparations were on a tremendous scale. Within fourteen months he had gathered within ten leagues of our coast, and had planted beyond the power of an attack, a flotilla mounting 2,000 guns, and able to transport his superb army, which though numbering 150,000 men, could embark in less than a single tide, and were fully trained for a naval encounter. The danger was alike alarming and imminent. The foe was animated by the deadliest animosity, and burning to revenge the defeat of the battle of the Nile. Napoleon expected “to conquer the world in London.” The “Defence of the Country” absorbed entire attention. The Lord Lieutenant, Wentworth Fitzwilliam, and the Deputy Lieutenants, &c., of the West Riding, on the Ioth November, 1803, at the Hotel, Leeds, fixed several places where the volunteer and trained forces of the Riding were to assemble on an alarm of the enemy's approach towards the south, and a series of orders were issued as to the several routes and places of assemblage. Regiments of volunteers enrolled themselves throughout the country. Bishops consecrated their colours, and the King dined with them and reviewed them. “God save the King,” and “Rule Britannia,” were sung in public meetings, and sometimes in village churches. Dibdin wrote his famous naval songs, “Hearts of Oak,” and “Britons, strike home,” which were the rage at all the theatres, and were hailed with tremendous cheers. We give a VCſ SC 3.8 a. specimen: “Hearts of oak are our ships, Jolly tars are our men; We always are ready, Steady, boys, steady ; We'll fight and we'll conquer, again and again. They swear they’ll invade us, these terrible foes | They frighten our women, our children, and beaux; But should their flat bottoms in darkness get o'er, Still Britons they’ll find to receive them on shore Hearts of oak, &c.” And there was then, indeed, a vast array of armed Britons. Not to mention the regulars and militia, there were not fewer than 410,000 volunteers and yeomanry under arms during the time that the flat-bottomed flotilla lay at Boulogne. The total armed force in Great Britian was then about 700,000 men. There were marching and counter-marching of troops in all directions. Barracks were erected and camps were formed at various points 320table 33rrgūng, 3}laces, amt; 3/mportant (Étients. 53 I along the coast. Beacons were built on all the elevated points of land in which detachments of men watched night and day. The beacons in Strafforth and Tickhill were Upper—Carr-wood Mill, near Laughton, and - Greno-hill, near Sheffield. Lower—Bilham Summer House, Thorne Church, and Mount Pleasant, between Doncaster and Bawtry. The beacons were lighted at nine o'clock in the evening of Monday, December 19th, 1803, to ascertain whether all the beacons in the Riding could be seen from, and have a communication with each other. The first presentation of colours to the Rotherham Volunteers, was by the Countess of Effingham, on the 20th of December, 1798. On that day the Rotherham Volunteer Infantry, Joshua Walker, Esq., Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant, assembled in a field near that town, attended by two troops of the West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry, where they were presented with a pair of elegant colours by the lady above-named. The Rev. T. Bayliffe, vicar of Rotherham, and chaplain of the corps, began the ceremony by a spirited exhortation, and afterwards offered up a most excellent and comprehensive prayer. The Countess of Effingham spoke as follows: “Colonel Walker—I feel most sincerely gratified in having been called upon to have the honour of presenting the colours to you this day, for the Rotherham Volunteer Infantry, and beg leave, in common with the rest of our neighbours, to bear testimony to the ready zeal your corps has manifested in their standing forth in defence of our religion, our King, and the happy constitution of our country : trusting such general exertions at home, united with the great successes with which his Majesty's arms have been blessed abroad, can alone enable us to look forward to the pleasing hope and expectation of an honourable peace.” Colonel Walker addressed the regiment at some length, after which the colours were brought forward to them, first under a general salute, a feu de joi, and a discharge of one and twenty pieces of cannon. The regiment was then reviewed by Colonel Athorpe, attended by Major Fenton, of the Sheffield Volunteers. Afterwards, a dinner was given to the regiment, and to the two troops of yeomanry cavalry. At the close of the day, there were fireworks; and on the following evening, a ball was given by the officers of the regiment, attended by Lady Effingham and a full company. The Rotherham Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Colonel Walker, received their colours on the 28th December, 1803, at the hands of the Countess of Effingham. The colonel, in acknowledgment, observed: “At the close of the late war, these colours were entrusted to my care by the late regiment of Rotherham Volunteers—untarnished, unsullied —they are now again unfurled as banners under which we may probably soon fight in a cause dearest to every Englishman—the defence of our country: they are now placed under your protection, and I confidently trust under Divine Providence, that our determined exertions will ever nobly defend them unblemished.” The regiment was inspected by Colonel Gooch, who, with the Earl of Effingham, Bacon Frank, Esq., Deputy Lieutenant of the county, and a very numerous assemblage of military officers, expressed the most unqualified approval of the forwardness and discipline of the men. On the 8th October, 1804, Brinsworth Common was the scene of a grand review, by Earl Fitzwilliam, of the Sheffield, Rotherham, Ecclesfield, and Wath Wood Infantry, and of eight troops of the South Yorkshire Regiment of Cavalry. 2,000 volunteers were present. On Monday, 22nd April, 1805, the Sheffield Volunteers were inspected on Brinsworth Common, by General Fergusson, and Colonel Bell. The skill and promptitude with which they performed their various field exercises was deservedly praised. On the 15th August, 1805, the beacons were fired, as though the French had landed; the shrill clarion of war was sounded and the volunteers flew to arms, almost to a man. All volunteers were put in motion. The Staincross marched to Ferrybridge, the Rotherham and Ecclesfield to Pontefract, the Sheffield, Rotherham, and Kiveton troops of cavalry arrived at Doncaster on Thursday evening, and those of Sheffield and Wath Wood 532 330th crijam. marched in at nine o'clock. The alarm “that the French had landed ” spread with marvellous rapidity. The passions of men were diverted from their usual pursuit, and were fixed on one object. Wives ran wildly about in search of their husbands; mothers after their children; the song rung out: “Come, cheer up my lads, ’tis to glory we steer, The Beacons are lighted, our foes they appear; Britain calls for her sons—defenders so brave, Who ne'er will let Frenchmen his country enslave. The drums beat to arms, Volunteers are our men : They always are ready.” The alarm reached Scotland, and Sir Walter Scott placed himself at the head of the Selkirk Volunteers. The fire-signal turned out to be accidental. A field of rape straw had been set on fire after thrashing, which was mistaken by the keeper of the Woolley beacon, being in the direction of the one at Pontefract. Nearly 3,000 volunteers and Ioo waggons were put in motion, with a promptitude and astonishing alacrity that did them the greatest honour. The authentic list of the West Riding corps under arms on Thursday was as follows: Rank and File. Present. Absent. Southern Regiment of West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry g 3OI e 4. I Rotherham Infantry g e © e © tº tº 38I o I6. Sheffield Infantry . e tº g tº g tº & e 578 fº I5 Staincross Infantry . e tº ſº § & e º 56O ge 6 Wath Wood Infantry . tº o e * e g º 278 º I8 Ecclesfield Infantry . Q & e & e tº e I84 ſº I6 Thorne Infantry e ſº e o e e ge o e 94. e 6 Total . 2,717 . I63 On Saturday, 24th August, Bacon Frank, Esq., vice-lieutenant, received a letter from the Secretary of State expressive of the highest approval of the volunteers. Each was presented with two guineas agreeably to Act of Parliament. Regimental orders from Lieutenant-General Vyse, Commander-in-Chief of the York Military District, Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant F. F. Foljambe, &c., &c., expressing the highest satisfaction and warmest thanks, &c., were issued and received at the head of the respective corps. The Barnsley, Hatfield, Sheffield, Kiveton, and Rotherham Troops of Cavalry, and the Thorne, Rotherham, Ecclesfield, Sheffield, Doncaster, Wath Wood, and Staincross Infantry were mentioned in the order. It is difficult to disprove official returns; but it is certain that the official return of the men absent on the above muster, that is sixteen, very materially and unfavourably differs from the generally boasted statement of the time, that only two of the Rotherham volunteers failed to answer to their names. That one was unable to do so from actual illness, and that the other “skulked,” and was so “roasted '' about it in all companies, as to be compelled to leave the town. This distinguished campaign was so constantly discussed in all its minutest points and particulars, night by night, week by week, and even year by year, that, from some cause or other, the variance of the official report has to be accounted for, either from several of the persons who marched having dropped out, not mustering from fatigue, or it may be from drink, or for some such reason; for certainly if the muster had not in the first instance been all but complete, no such glorification as was constantly indulged in, could have been maintained. The following is the only known snatch of the Rotherham volunteer songs, and it is quite sufficient as a specimen of what they were: “Come, my lads, at six o'clock Strap your knapsacks on your back; Curnel Walker must obey, Over the hills and far away.” The Rotherham Corps of Volunteer Infantry were a fine, smart, clean-looking body of men, and had their frequent musters for drill in the “soldier-field,” accompanied by a good band. In front of them marched the drum-major, a fine-looking old veteran, who 320table 33ergūng, 4}lace5, amt; 3/mportant (Étientä. 533 had lost an eye in active service; then came the leader of the band, Mr. Thomas Bagshaw, blowing with all his might, as did all the rest, either blowing or beating, while they gave the grand old military marches of the time with a vehemence which must have made their foes tremble in their shoes, had they come within hearing, and which did make the town all alive. A List of the Officers of the Rotherham Volunteer Infantry, enrolled August, 1803. NAME. RESIDENCE. OccupATION. RANK. Walker, Joshua g © . Clifton House gº e . Ironmaster, Banker, &c. . Lt.-Col. Commandant Walker, Thomas. & . Masbrough House and Ber hº } Do. . . . . . Lt.-Col. Oliver, Samuel. & e . Rawmarsh Rectory ſº . Wine Merchant . & . Major Tancred, William e . Rotherham. te & . Retired Army Colonel . Captain Wright, Thomas . g . Do. g & tº ſe . Brewer . tº te & . Do. Wheatley, Joseph g . Do. . & g jº . Attorney . Q g . Do. Oxley, John, Jun. . tº . Do. e g e g . Do. e e te g . Do. Place, Edward . & . Eastwood House tº . East Indian Nabob . . Do. Butler, Thomas & ſº . Thurcroft e e ſº . Retired East Indian sº DO Captain e g ë Barnsley, John . g . Rotherham e e . Grocer . ſº * e . Do. Roodhouse, John . te . Do. e g ge © . Brewer . e © . Do. Whitehead, Robert . . Herringthorpe . e . Farmer . e e o . Lieutenant Johnson, Joseph . © . Rotherham . & * . Plumber, &c. . ſe e DO. Harvey, George . e . Do. . & te o . Wine Merchant . e . Do. Hunt, Philip . o ë . Do. º © g & . Bank Manager . o . Do. Calton, James . e . Do. . º e e . Grocer . & & & . Do. Glossop, William . e . Do. e ſº 5 e . Draper . * © . Do. Halley, George . e . Do. . & g & . Manager of Steel Works . Do. Beatson, Robert . iº . Masbrough . e * . Manufacturing Chemist . Do. Wainwright, John º . Rawmarsh. {} wº . Pottery Manufacturer . . Ensign Lambert, John tº e . Rotherham . . . . Draper . ſº . . Do. Chapman, Thomas . . Do. . tº e e . Do. g e º g . Do. Barker — . e * & . Do. e g e e . Wine Merchant’s Clerk . Do. Lee, Thomas {e & . Morthen . e tº . Farmer . & e gº . Do. Steel, William . ge ſº . Rotherham . ſº g . Grocer e tº e & DO. Beatson, John . * . Masbrough e e . Manufacturing Chemist . Do. Flint, Joseph . g & . Rotherham . e e . Druggist . © & . Do. Bayliffe, Thomas. e . Do. . º ſº e . Vicar . © up © . Chaplain Turner, Joseph º te . Do. * > tº & e . Surgeon . º © . Surgeon Turner, J. H. . ſe . Do. . g e g . Do. e tº g e . Assistant-Surgeon Thatcher, William . © . Do. § © © te & Captain and Adjutant Dyson, William . ſº . Do. . gº te e . Bank Clerk ſº o . Quarter-Master In 1804, Captain Place resigned and was succeeded by Jonathan Walker, jun., Esq., of Masbrough Cottage. In 1807, J. H. Turner became ensign as well as assistant-surgeon. In 1807 too, Colonel Joshua Walker resigned, and was succeeded as commandant by Colonel Thomas Walker, who was succeeded by Henry Walker, Esq., of Masbrough House. But this was by no means the entire of the forces which the enthusiasm and patriotism of Rotherham was prepared to bring into the field. There was also a body of men, commanded, I believe, by Jonathan Walker, Esq., composed of tradesmen, who shouldered the old “ Brown Bess,” and wore a semi-civic uniform of double-breasted blue coat, buff waistcoat and blue pantaloons, and a smart appearance they presented, very significant of the designation they bore; that of the “Tea Kettle Guard.” There was even yet another, composed of members of older standing and of much greater weight. Neither age could chill, nor obesity debar the martial ardour which pervaded all ranks, conditions, and inconvenient proportions. This was also a contingent of cavalry; gentlemen possessed of a horse or ambling nag of some kind, who although rather obese, and heavy breeched, took the field in grave home defence, and despite the jokes as to the deliberate execution of some of the orders of the commanding officer, as “dismount,” and “mount,” especially the latter, which in some few instances might require the aid of the nearest barred gate, there was this veteran and it may be said venerable display of national love and loyalty in extremis. But who, of the most irreverent, could but honour that hearty old pluck which could scramble up the bars of a gate to regain the saddle, and in will, at least, “witch the world with noble horsemanship.” However this gallant troop of “heavy horse” might be entered at the Horse Guards, it was called, out of hearing, else woe to the caitiff wretch “The Lumber Troop.” To call in question genuine heroism like this would be to call in question the roast beef of old England, its nut-brown ale, and old port. The wild excitement of regiments of school lads may well be conceived. It was a wonderful period, and those who are still 534 330th crijam. living, and have a remembrance of it, can hardly conceive that the present Rotherham can be the same place it then was. Its then population of some 3,000 or 4,000 seemed animated by a force, and capable of efforts, which would have tasked the tenfold population of the present time. In either 1803 or 1804 there were thirty recruiting parties in the town on the Statutes day. The houses in the thronged streets appeared to vibrate and tremble with the crash of the drums and fifes, and at night were ablaze with the fireworks flaming and bursting in all directions. It was a frenzy, in which, amid weakness and want, the load of grinding taxes, the war prices of provisions, the low wages, though the farmers prospered, the public money was flowing through all departments of trade—all seemed subject to a tension, that stifled complaint, and almost withstood grim want. Victory after victory, from the glorious battle of the Nile to the crowning victory of Waterloo, numbering from 1808 to 1815, in seven years, twenty-two victorious achievements by Wellington alone, kept the bell-towers jubilant, and the kingdom's pulse beating quick time, until, at all events, and at whatever sacrifice, Europe and the world was freed from “The man of thousand thrones, Who filled this earth with hostile bones.” And he, the arbiter of others' fate, became a suppliant for his own in ignominous exile on the rock of St. Helena. The greater part of the foregoing account of the volunteer movement is from Mr. Charles William Hatfield's, “Historic Notices of Doncaster,” and in his own words. I must confess, however, it is so abridged and interwoven to suit my purpose as would have much amused my late dear old friend if he had been yet living. Few towns have, like Doncaster, had the advantage of local annals, at once so full, pleasant, and picturesque. Unhappily for literature Mr. Hatfield’s volumes are in few hands, although their interest and value entitle them to widest circulation. - I have purposely used his account of the volunteers, and of the extraordinary circumstances of that period, although it may be questioned, if in the appropriate place. The perilous position of England at that momentous period seems to me to be pregnant with powerful lessons appropriate to the present, such as ought to banish disquiet as to the stability of the empire, and to inspire implicit faith, under Providence, in its invincible sovereignty amongst the nations of the earth. The beginning of the century saw England without a friendly port in either hemisphere, torn by intestine divisions with respect to Ireland, and thereby shorn of a third of its strength. With an army weak in numbers, altogether inexperienced in great field operations, such as war had then assumed, and without a general having a practical knowledge of them; with a navy, invincible in its repeated triumphs, but not numerically great, and threatened with serious weakness from maladministration and disreputable favouritism. With taxes strained to the utmost on every article of life, and even on light itself. At the same time threatened with invasion by what was then called a national foe, headed by a general who had the whole kingdom of France, with its boundless resources, at his feet, the prestige of conquest, and the entire confidence of the armies which had won them. And yet out of all this dismaying outlook, and confessedly desperate state of things, in some ten years all was changed; England was everywhere triumphant, and the harried and desolated nations were delivered from their tyrannous oppressor. - - The volunteer regiments took another form, and became “The Strafforth and Tickhill Regiment of Local Militia,” consisting of 8,200 men, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Walker. According to Mr. Hatfield, they mustered at Rotherham, on Monday, May 29th, 1809, and marched to Doncaster on the following day, for twenty-eight days' training. On Wednesday, June 28th, they returned to Rotherham to be dismissed. They were met by a large cavalcade, and approached the town amidst the ringing of bells, music of every description, and hearty cheering from the inhabitants generally. An elegant dejeuner was given to the officers and gentlemen, under an invitation from Thomas Walker, Esq., late Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of the Volunteers. On the following evening, there was also a fashionable ball on the occasion. 320table 33rrøUmg, 3}laces, and 3/mportant (ºpents. 53.5 June 17th, 1811, they were inspected by Major-General Stevenson, at Doncaster. His report is highly eulogistic. Colonel Walker gave the men one shilling each, and Thomas Walker, Esq., of Berry Hill, entertained the officers at Mr. Oldfield's, the Crown Inn, Rotherham, June 2 Ist. On April 26th, 1812, they were again marched into Doncaster. On the day of their inspection by Colonel Grey, on the 27th, the non-commissioned officers and privates, at the close of their four years' term of service, through the sergeant-major presented a valuable sword to each of their field officers with an address; the officers were Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant Samuel Walker, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Walker, and Major Samuel Oliver. The local militia having unfortunately been called out to quell disturbances in Sheffield, an address was presented to them from the justices at Sheffield, of highest appreciation of their conduct, and warmest thanks for the service rendered by them. This seems something like a fitting finish to this recital of a period of unexampled endurance of national pressure and privation, and of national energy and enthusiasm, which heroically surmounted all difficulty and danger, crowned by the general peace which followed the glorious victory of Waterloo. This was celebrated at Rotherham in a spirited and popular manner, befitting the all-comprehending exultation of the grand occasion. A subscription was entered into, and the following statement was issued: To the Subscribers to the Fund for celebrating the return of Peace. The Committee, appointed by the Subscribers to a Fund for Celebrating the Return of Peace, having carried, as far as it was practicable, the Intention of the Subscribers toward the Labouring Classes of Society in Rotherham and Kimberworth into effect; have now only to give an Account of their Expenditure; to Congratulate the Subscribers that their Bounty was received with Gratitude; and to observe, that those who partook of the Feast were “merry and wise.” - Rotherham, June 30, 1814. CoMMITTEE’s GENERAL STATEMENT. D7, THE COMMITTEE. PER CONTRA. Cr. 1814. June 8th. . A s. d. 6 s. d. I8I4. June 25th. A. S. d. To amount of cash received from By cash paid for entertaining the subscribers to a fund for pro- with roasted beef, plum pud- viding an entertainment for the ding, and two quarts of ale, labouring classes of society, in each man, in the labouring Rotherham and Kimberworth, on class of society: the return of peace © º To amount of cash received from the subscribers for the purpose of --- making a display of fireworks on Men º . I225 at 3S. I83 I5 O the evening of the entertainment 49 IO 6 387 IA 6 In Rotherham . te . 629 In Kimberworth Township 596 By cash paid each woman of the labouring class, in money, towards procuring an enter- tainment: In Rotherham . o . 607 In Kimberworth Township 734 Women . . I24I at Is. 6d. IOO I2 O By cash paid for each child, in money, to be expended at the discretion of the parents: In Rotherham . & . 792 In Kimberworth Township 1447 -*- Children. . 2239 at 6d. 55 g 6 A. S. d. By cash paid for entertaining the paupers in the workhouse, at Rotherham e © & e 2 O O By cash paid incidental expenses . 7 7 O By balance in the treasurer's hands, - to be appropriated as the sub- scribers may direct . e - 38 II O By fireworks . º e e 49 IO 6 :649 IO 6 £387 IA 6 ;649 IO 6:6.387 I4 6 SAMUEL CLARK. 536 330th crijam. Our account of this important and exciting period, commenced with the volunteer yeomanry cavalry, which remain embodied to this day. There are three occasions of which it would be unjust and ungrateful to avoid appropriate mention, as shewing the estimation in which the colonel commandants of regiments were held during the long periods they occupied that important and onerous command. The first is an address delivered by Mr. John Oxley, on the presentation of a cup to Lieutenant-Colonel Wortley, by the non-commissioned officers and privates of the S.W.Y. Cavalry, July, 1824: Lieutenant-Colonel Wortley—The Southern Regiment of West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry, in their private capacity, and in common with their countrymen, have had frequent opportunities of admiring your assiduity and independence in the senate, and your abilities and usefulness on the bench ; but to none of these topics, nor yet to the glorious and never-to-be-forgotten stand, which almost unsupported and alone, you made at the city of York, do I mean at present to advert. But it is to your conduct as colonel commandant of this regiment; to your deportment as an officer in the field; to a deportment which has won the affection, inspired the confidence, and ensured the obedience of the corps which you command, that I would direct the attention of my comrades and myself. And it is in the name of, and as a mark of respect and regard from the non-commissioned officers and privates of the S.W.Y. Cavalry, from men entertaining principles equally indepen- dent and incorruptible with your own; from men not only having a knowledge of, and an interest in, but an ardent affection for our laws and liberties, that I have the honour to request your acceptance of this cup ; and also to express my most sincere wish that you may long live to enjoy what to a good man, is the richest of all rewards—the inexpressible happiness of reflecting that you have in every situation of life, as a Senator, a magistrate, an officer, and a country gentleman, preserved the peace, merited the esteem, and promoted the happiness of your country. At a public dinner given to Lieutenant-Colonel Fullerton by the Rotherham Troop, Lieutenant Samuel Clark said: Gentlemen—I am now about to enter upon the more particular business of the day, and to propose to you the health of a gentleman whom we have all known for a number of years, and to whom the Rotherham Troop in particular have ever been accustomed to look up with well- merited regard and respect. But our pleasure and our pain on the present occasion are equally balanced. For while on the one hand we exult that Captain Fullerton has been promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel, yet on the other we have reason to lament that that very circumstance must deprive us of the captain's countenance and support in the field, and that the gain to the regiment at large should be purchased at so serious an expense to Ourselves. Our feelings at the present moment resemble the mingled emotions of a Father of a Family, who while he rejoices at the prosperity and success of his children, cannot but reflect that such success must contract the domestic circle, render the friendly interviews less frequent, and prevent an exchange of that favour and affection which form the best basis, and indeed the very bliss of human life. There is however one circumstance unaccompanied with the least alloy; and it is that during a period of years, which we have had the honour to call Mr. Fullerton Our captain, I can appeal to every member of the troop, that no angry word, no unbecoming expression, has ever escaped that gentleman's lips: and yet I can with equal propriety appeal to the captain himself that no officer was ever more faithfully or more affectionately obeyed. In remembrance then of that kindness which words cannot express, and of that gratitude which time cannot efface, in the name of our present captain, myself, Cornet Close, and all the members of the Rotherham Troop, I have the honour to propose the health of Lieutenant Colonel Fullerton. In 1839, a deputation, representing the inhabitants of Rotherham, the yeomanry cavalry, and the tenantry, waited on Mr. Fullerton asking him to sit for his portrait. Lieutenant Clark’s addresses on these occasions are transcribed from his private papers, and amongst them the following is one well worth preserving as relating to an incident of the period, and as an example of his style. Gentlemen.—If I were to say the objects of this meeting were unknown to me I should not state the fact; but when I tell you that in forming one of the party I neither expected nor desired to be distinguished by any particular compliment beyond my friends and neighbours around me, I only tell you the truth. Be that however as it may, the Cup in which you have 320table 43rrgong, 4}laces, amt; 3/mportant (ºpents. 537 been pleased to drink my health was presented to me by a body of men with whom I had the honour and happiness to be associated for almost forty years; and it was conferred upon me for Services which they had principally performed, and from which, from their generosity and disinterestedness, I alone reaped the reward. Gentlemen.—I look back to the period of the presentation, and that pledge of affection with an honest pride; and the kindness that dictated, and the hand that conferred the latter will remain impressed on my memory to the last day of my life. And, though in a Liberal point of view there is little to admire, and in a Conservative one nothing to condemn in the existing state of things; yet a reasonable and reflecting man of both parties, naturally and justly concludes that there must be something intrinsically valuable, something solid and substantially good, something useful in the British Constitution. That above all there is a Providence that watches Over the destinies of Britain, and that it is not only the duty, but the interest of all men, to hand down to posterity, improved if possible, unimpaired the Laws, and unalloyed the Religion of our country. February 16th, 1843. Mr. Clark was the son of Mr. William Clark, Provost of Dumfries. He must have come here in early life, and his rise must have been one of regular routine office work, as he afterwards occupied so high a position in public life, as to demand and deserve appreciative mention in these pages. Qije Đon j}abigation, THE following sketch of this important river communication is principally from the introduction to Wainwright’s “Wapentake of Strafford and Tickhill.” “So early as the reign of Edward II. the navigability of the Don became an object with the justices of sewers.” He proceeds to give from Dugdale" an account of the various commissions which were appointed down to 3rd Henry IV., to which others but similar ones might be added, tending to show the early importance of this useful current, as well as to exhibit in a luminous point of view, the difficulties and dangers our ancestors had to grapple with, in maintaining the neighbouring country in a habitable condition. In 1721, proposals were published for making the Don navigable as high as the borough of Doncaster, for vessels of thirty tons burden, and as high as Sheffield, for craft of twenty tons. The corporation of Doncaster was to furnish sufficient means towards effecting the first part of the project, while the latter was to be done by the Company of Cutlers of Hallamshire. Pregnant with utility as the scheme appeared to be, the narrow-sighted policy of a few mercenary individuals, through whose property the river ran, induced them to oppose it with all their power; and it was not until the year 1726, that the proposals were laid before the house, in order to receive the badge of authority. During its progress through the house, a violent and formidable opposition was made by the Lord F. Howard, and other landed proprietors, aided by the merchants of Gainsbrough and Bawtry, which, it is to be lamented, was partially effective; and notwithstanding that the bill eventually received the royal assent, its original features and intent were much altered ; for instead of being made navigable to the town of Sheffield, its extent was confined to the village of Tinsley. ‘. - The outlines of this Act, and of one obtained by the Corporation of Doncaster, 13 George I., for rendering more effectual the navigation of the Don between and from Holmstile to Wilsick House, in the parish of Barnby-upon-Dun, are given, and after narrating the provisions, &c., contained in the two foregoing enactments, those of a third are given, which was obtained in the 6th George II., which is thus noticed: The object of this act was principally to effect an union of the two companies, the concen- tration of their profits and privileges, and a division of the whole into one hundred and fifty shares. After June 24th, 1733, the undertakers of each navigation are made one body corporate, and may purchase lands, &c., as a joint stock. The books of accounts to be kept at Sheffield and Doncaster. A general Court may alter former rules, or make new ones. The navigation to be confined to Tinsley, and capable for vessels of twenty tons burthen. On defect of such con- tinuation by the proprietors, the Cutler's Company to carry it on and receive the duties. If the Corporation of Doncaster neglect to repair the three bridges on the new river, landowners there may repair them. This act not to lessen powers given by former acts. * “History of Imbanking and Drayning,” 1662. 68 538 330th crijam. The preamble of the act of the 13th George II. sets forth, that the company, before and after it became united and thrown open to public patronage, “laid out and expended the sum of Ž2O,OOO and upwards, whereby they have made and perfected a good navigation; from the town of Rotherham upon the said river, to Wilsick-house in the parish of Barnby-sup’-Don, is already navigable and passable for boats, lighters, and other vessels, from Wilsick-house aforesaid, to Fishlake-ferry, in the county of York, part of the year, but in time of neap-tides and dry seasons, boats cannot sail on that part of the said river, to the great hindrance and prejudice of trade; and whereas the improving of the navigation of the said river, and making the same navigable at all times and seasons, will be very beneficial to trade, and advantageous to the poor, and a great encouragement to the manufacturers of iron, and convenient for the carriage of lead, coals, lime, stone, timber, and other heavy goods, wares, and merchandise, to and from the towns and parts adjacent or near to the said river, and also to and from Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, and other distant counties, and to and from London, and several other parts of this kingdom, and will very much tend to the employment and the increase of watermen and seamen, and be a means to preserve the highways, and promote the public good of this kingdom. Wherefore may it please your Majesty, &c., that it may be enacted, &c.” The bill then provides, inter alia, that, The proprietors make the river Don navigable from Wilsick-house to Fishlake-ferry, in com. Ebor. ; by cleaning drains, cutting trees, &c. To satisfy all demands. Commissioners to deter- mine differences between undertakers and proprietors of mills, &c. If the undertakers, &c. are dissatisfied with the commissioners' determination, sheriff or coroners to impannel a jury of freeholders, on penalty of £50, whose verdict shall be final, &c. Dam above Bramwith upper ford to be raised twenty inches from low-water-mark. Bank to defend low grounds from damage, to be raised at the expence of the undertakers. Undertakers shall make a clough under the cut, of such dimensions as Robert Portington, &c., shall direct; and build a bridge across the cut for carts and carriages, and make a wall, against the orchards, &c., belonging to William Simpson. Undertakers to build a wooden bridge across Stainforth ford, and maintain the same, &c. &c. The original proprietors, after the undertaking was thrown open to the public, were as follows: - Shares - Shares Shares The Corporation of Doncaster . Io Richard Goodwin * g Ann Heaton . e te ſº Town Trustees of Sheffield . Io Christopher Robinson . William Wildman Cutlers’ Company. ge Benjamin Greaves Ann Parkin . Henry Broomhead Joseph Steers Elizabeth Drake William Steer Thomas Buck . e Richard Whitaker. Samuel Staniforth Nicholas Broadbent John Nodder Richard Ellison Thomas Wilson Charles Arthur John Dossie ſº John Roebuck Matthew Charlton George Bradshaw. William Dickinson . John Ellison . & William Parkin. Thomas Hardcastle John Drake tº gº John Arthur . John Newsome . Joshua Matthewman . Thomas Raney. Francis Sitwell Thomas Cawton John Balguy. William Brooks John Cowley. John Fell . Benjamin Roberts, jun. John Smith gº John Brown . John Allen gº William Mawhood Samuel Shore, sen, . Joseph Turner º Charles Wright Thomas Heaton James Cawthorne, Sen. Samuel Crawshaw, jun. John Smith Lydia Shore . John Beal. Samuel Shore, jun. William Sitwell Thomas Cooper John Battie John Dickenson George Steer . * © John Gell e Jonathan Moore Elizabeth Wordsworth . Thomas Middleton . e tº John Morton te Thomas Short . Trustees of Hollis's Hospital Richard Fayram William Lyon In connection with this I am favoured by my friend, William Lee, Esq., with the following remarkable document, of which he, in a note, says:— I apprehend you are not aware of the very interesting local fact, that Daniel Defoe was retained by the London promoters of the Bill for making the River Dun navigable. - He was the founder and manager of the Daily Post, which had a large circulation amongst the Members of both Houses of Parliament, only one other daily newspaper existed. The accompanying letter was written by him, and appeared in Numb. IO5O, “Friday, February 8, 1723,” whence I have just copied it. From the first sentence you would suppose that something on the subject had preceded it. That, however, is not so, nor do I find anything followed. You will agree with me that there is an artful simplicity and straightforwardness about it, admirably adapted to secure the object of the promoters. “Sir-Tis surprizing, after what has been publish'd in your Papers, and yet unanswer'd, That the Opposers of the Design for making the River Dun Navigable, should still go on to repeat the same misrepresentations: But that 'tis daily and confidently affirmed in every Coffee- House, That this Navigation, if it succeeds, will occasion such an Inundation as will drown no 32ntable 33rrgūnâ, 3}|ace5, amt; 3/mportant (Étientä. 539 less than 30,000 Acres of Land, is evident to every Body. And yet all that is said of this kind, is as mere Romance as the Life of Robinson Crusoe. Vox & praefered nihil. “But, in the Name of all that's Serious, Is this generous Treatment Are these the Fruits that might have been expected from all the Pains and Expence that the Petitioners have been at to oblige and to satisfy Were the Copies of the Surveys, and the Draught of the intended Bill given them at their Desire, only to be hung up as Ensigns of Sport and Raillery In short, If these Outcries of imaginary Dangers are to be accounted an adequate Return for the Petitioners abundant Respect and ingenuous Behaviour, What Privileges some People have “To attempt therefore to introduce the Merits of this Case once more into Day-light, and to bring it to an Issue if possible, that the World may no longer be amused with groundless Alarms of Inundations and Drownings, nor the Country lose the Advantages of a fine Navigable River, I would beg leave to recommend it to the Opposers of this Design, (who have now a printed Map of it in their Possession) to put their Objections (if they have any) into Print, that the Petitioners may have the Opportunity of answering them. “In this fair and reasonable way, Matters of Fact will be cleared up, Truth will appear undisguised, and Reason will prevail. But if this Method is declin'd, and they chuse to rest still in the Force and Strength of Art and Rumour, who can forbear thinking, that the Petitioners are presenting a very reasonable and beneficial Undertaking, and as such, wishing it Success, “I am, Sir, your humble Servant.” From Holland" we learn that “the shares which were originally £100 each, greatly increased in value. In 1822, the sum bid for seven and a half shares, which were put up by public auction, was £12,000, exclusive of a quarter's dividend due of about £1,726. In 1826, a share fetched £2,160; and, in 1832, Mr. Bardwell sold, by auction, a share, which, it should be stated, is a freehold, for the sum of £2,420. I am told that the prices have been at one time as high as ſ?,7oo; while, on the other hand, it is said that some half a dozen years, or less, when the first alarm of a railroad along the vale of the Don was at its height, some shares were parted with for as little as ſ 1,500 each. At its absorption into the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway the price per share was at the rate of £3,000.” In 1815, “An Act of Parliament was obtained for the making of a canal between the terminus of the Don Company's line at Tinsley and the town of Sheffield; and early in 1819, the completion of a water communication between the last-named town and the German Ocean was announced by the joyful entry of a long line of flag-adorned vessels into the capacious basin adjacent to the east bank of the Sheaf.” 3 griculture in the 320ighbourhoot of Hitotijerijam, IT is pleasant to find that Rotherham has not been altogether undistinguished with regard to agricultural improvements. In a somewhat scarce publication, entitled, “General View of the Agriculture of the West Riding of Yorkshire, surveyed by Messrs. Rennie, Brun, and Shirreff, 1798, &c., &c., drawn up by order of The Board of Agriculture, and internal improvement, by Robert Brown, and, including information since received,” published by him in 1799. It seems that these gentlemen remained five weeks in the district, and during that time used every means in their power to gain an intimate knowledge of the different modes of husbandry carried on, as well as of the general and local impediments to improvements. They seem to have observed very carefully and represented very clearly the state of agricultural holdings, modes of culture, and implements employed, more than one of which, as it happens, seemed to possess a local interest, now perhaps expired; but the Rotherham plough, here described, seems to have enjoyed a national celebrity. - ^*}#The Rotherham plough has been heard of over the whole island, and was invented by Mr. Joseph Foljambe, of Eastwood, in this Riding, about seventy years ago. Mr. Foljambe got a patent for this plough, which he afterwards sold to Mr. Staneforth of Firbeck, who at first gave the liberty of using it to the farmers for 2s. 6d. each. Mr. Staneforth afterwards attempting to raise this premium to 7s, or 7s.6d, the validity of the patent was combated and set aside, on the ground of its not being a new invented plough, but only a plough improved. It does not * “Tour of the Don,” by john Holland, pp. 373-4. 54O 330th crijam. fall within our province to investigate the causes of this decision; but certainly if Mr. Foljambe deserved to have a patent right in the first instance, for his invention, that right was in no shape affected from the circumstance of ploughs being constructed long before his time. The dimensions and construction of this plough will appear sufficiently evident from the following draught and description : f Hock with teeth, to admit of more land being given to the plough, and vice versa. Dimensions of the Rotherham Plough. From the end of stilt & B to point of the Share G From the end of Beam a A to ditto of ditto G Length of the Beam A. A. . º e Width of the head in the widest part D . Ditto of ditto at E . e - o º Ditto of share behind the wing at f º e e e Length of Surface on which the plough touches the ground Height from ground to top of Beam where coulter goes through º & • e e Width between Stilts at the end B B Height of ditto from the ground tº e Weight of wood and iron work, about Ił cwt. h. }whole length. | bottom working surface. 2 IO .# This plough, with a few trifling alterations, is used over the whole district, and from being commonly called the Dutch plough, we are inclined to think must have originally been brought from Holland by Mr. Foljambe, a - The rapid wing of time, that has sped over the eighty years which have elapsed since this survey was made, has brought changes, which even their then most advanced views did not anticipate. It seems that they then advocated changes, now generally adopted, in this wise: “We are decidedly of opinion that the lighter the cart, and the fewer the horses, the more loading will be proportionally carried; at the same time a great saving will be made in the important articles of wear and tear.” s: There is a long dissertation on thrashing, and the vast saving effected by thrashing machines, amounting, according to their showing, in Great Britain, from the difference in cost of labour, and excess of grain secured on the produce of that period, to the vast sum of A 2,906,250. This leads to descriptive accounts of various thrashing machines at that time struggling for preference, amongst them is Mr. Meikle's invention, which is thus noticed. “Owing to Mr. Meikle's advanced state of life and other causes, his friends lately judged it expedient that a limited assignation of his patent for the construction and erection of thrashing machines should be granted in favour of a deserving and ingenious young man, Mr. Thomas Wigfull, at Aldwark, near Rotherham. We understand since * The Dutch have the credit of having introduced into convex. It gained considerable notoriety, and several this country, about the year 1730, the first plough that was at all generally known and appreciated. It was made and improved at Rotherham, in Yorkshire, and was called “the Rotherham Plough,” was without wheels, and made chiefly of wood. The mouldboard was abrupt, short, and persons have claimed the honour of having introduced it into this country.—From a “Lecture on Ploughs and Ploughing in Practice with Science,” a series of agricultural papers, Vol. I., page 52. 320table 13ergong, 33laces, amt; 3/mportant (Étients. 54. I that transaction took place, a great number of machines have been erected by him for the gentlemen and farmers in the West Riding. From an intimate knowledge of Mr. Wigfull's abilities, we venture to recommend him as highly meriting every mark of public favour. Mr. Wigfull's assignation being limited to twenty counties, viz., Durham, York, Chester, Lancaster, Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Lincoln, Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, Hertford, Bedford, Northampton, Rutland, Leicester, Warwick, and Huntingdon, Mr. Meikle is ready to treat with persons properly qualified in the remaining counties of England and Wales for a further assignation of his patent right.” Thus Rotherham was distinguished by the supply of two implements used in advanced husbandry. “On coming to Rotherham, examined several farms in the neighbourhood, which are generally in good order, particularly that of Mr. Taylor, at Canklow Mills. This farm is held on a lease of twenty-one years from the Duke of Norfolk, and appears under excellent management,” which is thus described: “Mr. Taylor deals largely in the turnip and grass husbandry. His land intended for turnips next season had, when we were there (November 9th) got three ploughings, and appeared almost as clean as many summer fallows. His enclosures are in capital order, all the hedges being neatly dressed, and completely fencible. Keeps a great many sheep, which are of the Dishley breed, and his pastures are of fine quality, being as close at the bottom as if ten years old, although newly sown down.” 3&otijerijam ſtartet #3|ace and $ijambles. I8oo. FROM agriculture to markets for the sale of agricultural produce, is in direct and proper course. At the latter end of last century the “market stead” as it was called, and the ancient timber-framed market house was found quite inadequate to the requirements of the town. The Rotherham “Market Place Order Book” gives, in precise detail, an account of the proceedings which were taken to remedy the inconvenience under which the growing town and markets had laboured. The first meeting for this purpose appears to have been held on the 22nd December, 1800. It was then ordered that a subscription should be entered into for obtaining an Act of Parliament to erect a market place, &c., on the spot where the present shambles stood. It was proposed that a number of houses should be purchased to make room for the new shambles, so as to open a new communication or street from the market place into Westgate, and that such other improvements as might be thought advisable were to be embraced by such act. That between £3,000 and / 4,000 should be subscribed in shares of £50, to be called for by instalments. Each ſjo share to entitle the holder to give one vote. LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONS. :6 Effingham . © e . . & * tº . 250 Nathan Cosins © ë tº * © e tº 3. Joshua Walker . § e e ſº g e 2OO Charles Bowns for Earl Fitzwilliam . & e • IOO John Oxley (for Feoffees) . e * wº & . 25O William Mapplebeck . © e * te e 50 Samuel Tooker . e {} e † g ſº I5O John Chapman . º & tº & g g . 50 John Coupland . e e & e & g . I5O Samuel Walker . & ſº e © © & IOO Richard Holden . e tº tº e g $ IOO Joseph Johnson & e § e wº º . 50 Joseph Flint . * e e ſº g g . IOO John Foster . e e © * ſº © & IOO George Harvey . ſº gº te tº e © IOO Mary Kay . tº & tº i & & e • IOO Jonathan Lawton . tº º tº * & , IOO John Smith . g e g tº © g o 50 Thomas Walker . d § e & gº tº 2OO George Broadhead (on condition his premises are Joseph Turner . e & e { } g e . 50 not wanted) . º * g º © ſº . 50 Thomas Carnelly . tº e e º . . IOO Richard Wilson . § e ſº e g e 50 Richard Stanley * e o ſº © © • IOO John Earnshaw . e & e © e ſº • 50 William Pullin ſº & tº gº ſº & tº 50 Thomas Parker . gº tº ſº tº tº tº 50 William Wildsmith . e e e e * , IOO Isaac Milbourne * e e § g ge • 50 Elizabeth Nightingale . g * º ę & IOO Samuel Oliver * tº e tº & ſº & 50 William Ridgway . e * ë * & . 50 James Taylor . tº * e g § º . 50 Jonathan Walker . © g tº º ge tº IOO Thomas Shearman ę & tº e * e 50 Thomas Downs. * e g • º e . 50 George Aldred . * * e © * * • 50 John Hall, Jun. . e ſº (e wº * tº IOO William Beatson & Co. . * gº & tº . 50 :64, I5o Thomas Hattersley tº e & * e ſº 5O Deduct Broadhead, his premises being taken by the John Hirst ſº e & & & ſº & . 50 proprietors g & & s © s 5O Joseph Walker . in e e (s g ſº 2OO Thomas Wright & Co. . gº - iº * • IOO #4, IOO 542 . - Rotherham. July 18th, 1801. The company was incorporated by an Act of Parliament, passed on the 20th June, 18OI. The first meeting was held at Thomas Carnelly's, the Crown Inn, on Saturday, the 18th July, 1801. Present—The Earl of Effingham in the chair. Samuel Tooker, Joshua Walker, Jonathan Walker, Esqs. ; Messrs. Coupland, Milbourne, Cosins, Wright, Oliver, Chapman, Hattersley, Wright, Earnshaw, Pullin, Shearman, Smith, Wildsmith, Holden, Harvey. The following committee was appointed, five to be a quorum. Earl of Effingham, Joshua Walker, Samuel Walker, Thomas Walker, Jonathan Walker, Esqrs, and Messrs. John Coupland, Richard Holden, Joseph Turner, Richard Stanley, and John Hall, Jun. Mr. Richard Holden was appointed clerk and treasurer. A call of IO per cent. was decided to be made. It was ordered that a valuation of the several properties should be left to the architects and referees who may be appointed, and the owners of properties (then present) including the Feoffees, signified their assent to this proposal. That Mr. William Lindley, of Doncaster, was appointed the referee of the company, and the owners of property then present nominated Mr. William Rickard, of Doncaster, as theirs. It was resolved that Mr. Lindley be desired to prepare plans, and that the clerk to the company give immediate notice to the several tenants to quit in three months. Mr. Lindley gave it as his opinion that the plan of the proposed buildings was intended to be so plain and simple in construction as not to require the assistance of a professional architect, and he declined to prepare plans; it was therefore ordered that Mr. Joseph Badger, of Sheffield, be asked to prepare a plan for the next meeting of the committee, and that the clerk be assisted by Mr. Thomas Radley, of Rotherham, to arrange with the several proprietors of properties which would be required. August 29th. A ground plan was produced by Mr. Badger, and he was ordered to prepare a plan of the elevation and estimate. Mr. Scholey's house was agreed to be purchased, and Messrs. John Hurst, Thomas Wright, and Nathaniel Cosins were added to the committee. September 16th. Mr. Badger produced the plan of elevation required, but not the estimate; he was therefore requested to prepare the estimate, and to ascertain if there was any good building stone to be found under the premises. - October 7th, 18OI. A third call of Io per cent, was made. Mr. Badger produced the estimate, and stated that good stone existed under the old premises. November 7th. A fourth call of IO per cent. was made, and the clerk presented specifications, estimates, valuation of premises, &c., from which it appeared that £2,000 additional would have to be raised to finish the undertaking, and he recommended that this sum should be raised in Such proportions as might be thought desirable on mortgage at 5 per cent. November 25th, 1801. The meeting was adjourned. - December 14, 1801. Fifth call of IO per cent, making 50 per cent, on the original shares, asked to be subscribed for. It was ordered that the clerk do provide a common seal for the company, and that the device be a figure of justice with the words. “The seal of the company of proprietors of the Rotherham Market Place” round it. December 17th. The plans and specifications were examined by Mr. William Yates, and the report made by him was approved. February Ioth, 18O2. Mr. John Earnshaw's estimate for building and completing the work in twelve months for £1,760 was accepted, and he was requested to provide proper Sureties for the due performance of the contract. The sixth call of Io per cent. was made at this meeting. Several meetings to arrange for the disposal of and exchange of properties and for settling securities were held about this time. February 26th. It was stated that the fall of the ground was so great that it could not be gained by regular slope. March 22nd, 1802. Eighth call of IO per cent. was made, as well as some arrangements for the possession of properties. March 31st. A warrant was issued for empannelling a jury and other meetings for adjusting differences with owners. April 21st, 18O2. Commissioners proceeded to view the proposed new streets leading to and from the new Market Place, and signified their approval thereof as follows: One new street leading from the east end of the street, called Westgate, into the said intended new Market Place to be of the width of ten yards and not less, and to have flagged causeways on each side thereof, which were to be of the breadth of five feet and part of the said ten yards. And also one other new street from the south end of the street called Church Street, along the north side of the proposed new Market Place to be of the width of ten yards, and to have similar flagged causeways on each side thereof of the width of five feet. And also a public footway along the south side of the said new Market Place to be flagged and of the width of nine feet. The bill of costs, amounting to £385, to be paid by the company of proprietors, and 62 IO to be raised by a rate. 32ntable 43rtgomg, 13ſateg, amt; 3/mportant (Étientä. 543 June 12th, 1802. Tenth call made. June 28th, 1802. A summary of accounts was produced, and the proposed mortgages were sought to be carried out, and arrangements made with owners of property fronting the new StreetS. - July 7th, 1802. The following persons agreed to advance the sums stated below on mortgage at 5 per cent, per annum : #, l #, Effingham e tº g º ge ſº e . 250 James Taylor . e ë ſº e © g e 25 Joshua Walker . te ſe tº g & © 2OO Samuel Oliver . g • g º & e 25 Executors of Joseph Walker . e tº ſº • 200 Earl Fitzwilliam . tº g e © o • 50 Thomas Walker . e & e e e 2OO The Feoffees, more . * de tº º e 25O Jonathan Walker . y tº tº e & • IOO Mr. Cosins, more . ſº g e © o e 25 Samuel Walker . § ge ſº © t e IOO Mr. Oliver, more . º g © * g & 25 John Coupland º g g & & e . I5O Mr. Taylor . & ge ſe g º © e 25 Richard Holden . & {} e ſº ſº ſº IOO August 4th, 18O2. Call of IO per cent. August 30th. George Broadhead's widow having applied for the purchase-money of the “Nag's Head” to be applied to the purchase of the “Blue Boar.” It was ordered that indemnity be given, and that the said money be paid into the Bank of England. - May 4th, 1803, was the general annual meeting, when the committee was appointed. It was ordered that the new street leading from Westgate into the new markets be levelled, so that the Earl of Effingham and the Feoffees may know how their buildings on each side are to range. - Several meetings were held about this time, as to difficulties with the contractor, John Earnshaw, and his bondsmen were called upon. August 1st, 18O3. It was ordered that £2OO be borrowed of the bank for the completion of the work. August 30th, 1803. The committee were of opinion that the butchers' shops and slaughter houses should be let at the following rents:–4, II for each of the four corner shops, and £8 for the others; £4 for a slaughter-house and clamming house; and the clerk was ordered to give the necessary notices for the removal of the market into the new building immediately. It was ordered that the clerk should advance money on the credit of the committee to pay for articles required for completing the undertaking, and the work was ordered to be measured off. The opening and closing of the markets, and the regulations as to stalls, to be the same as those adopted at Sheffield. September 5th, 1803. The butchers having complained, it was resolved that the rent of slaughter-houses be 4 I each, and 4, I for a clamming house, and that the two low corner shops be £9 IOS. each. The rents to be clear of all deductions, and to be paid half-yearly in advance. [Some slight discrepancies appear in the above minutes, which cannot now be accounted for.] December 27th, 18O3. The Common Seal of the company was ordered to be attached to the certificates of the proprietors' shares, and the clerk was directed to sign them. The contractors' sureties were ordered to be proceeded against. - April 3rd, 1804. The general meeting was held at the town hall. The production of various accounts showed that £1,250 more would be required to complete the undertaking, and the clerk was ordered to apply earnestly to the gentlemen who advanced the former mortgage of A 1,875 to make this further advance on security of the whole of the properties. October 3rd, 1804, The market place being now completed, the clerk was directed to issue the proper notice for changing the market, a copy of which notice was produced and approved. Mr. Hutchinson's proposal for a weighing bridge, to be provided at a cost of £80 16s. was approved. The common seal of the company of proprietors was affixed to the mortgage deeds, dated October 3rd, 1804, betweeen the company of proprietors and Joshua Walker, of Clifton, and Jonathan Walker, of the Ferham. Shares or Subscriptions £4,150 - * Less 5O :64, IOO Further sum of £3,315 on mortgage of said market place and buildings consisting of twenty butcher's shops, fourteen of which are now tenanted by Samuel Hattersley, Thomas Hattersley, Richard Kent, John Smith, Thomas Wildsmith, William Pullin, Samuel Roberts, Edward Gillott, James Pass, Thomas Bagshaw, Thomas Thompson, Humphrey Gillott, John Cawthorn, and William Smith. Also, all the square or open space, and profit of stallage, pickage, and all other advantages thereof. Twenty-eight shops outside. Eight slaughter houses and nine clamming houses. - Declaration of Trust, 3rd October, 1804, between Joshua Walker and Jonathan Walker of the one part, and Richard Holden, gentleman, of the other part. 544 330th crijam. MARKETS AT Roth ERHAM. Orders and Regulations to be observed in the market at Rotherham from and after the 22nd October instant, in pursuance of the Powers and Authorities contained in a certain Act of Parliament lately passed for enlarging and improving the Market Place within the said town, and for other purposes. All Corn, Grain, Butchers’ Meat, Fish, Poultry, Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Vegetables, and other marketable commodities usually exposed to sale in the market place or streets of the said town shall, from the said 22nd day of October instant, be exposed for sale, and sold within the limits of the new Market Place, and not elsewhere. The Corn Market shall be held on the west side of the said new Market Place in the open space situated on the north of the Butter Market, and shall commence at eleven o’clock each market day on the ringing of the Bell, and shall cease at one o'clock when the Bell will ring again. The Market for Butter, Poultry, and other things exposed to sale in Hand Baskets will be held as heretofore in the Market House, and will also commence at eleven o'clock on each market day, and cease at one o'clock at the Ringing of the Bell. No Stalls, Sheds, Benches, or Barrows will be permitted to stand in any parts of the streets or public places within the said town, except in the inside of the new market place. And any person wishing to have a Stall, or to set down any Bench or Barrow, will apply to Matthew Hinchliffe, the Market Keeper. All Persons are requested to take Notice of the above regulations. Anyone who offends against them is liable by the said Act of Parliament to a penalty of Forty Shillings, one moiety to the informer, and the other to the poor of the parish. And all Engrossers and Forestallers will be prosecuted according to Law. By order of the Committee, RICHARD HOLDEN. Ordered that the clerk shall be allowed at the rate of five per cent, commission upon the rents and for all other business. The Market Keeper to be paid 3s. per week from 12th September, 1803, to Ist November, 1804; afterwards 6s. per week. General Meeting 6th May, 1807. Ordered (amongst other ordinary business) that the following proprietors do compose the Committee:–The Earl of Effingham, Joshua Walker, Samuel Walker, Wright, Cosins, Stanley, Coupland, the Greave, Holden, Turner, Carnelly, and Downes. There were no minutes of importance passed at the general meetings of 1808 and 1809. On July 18th, 1822, a meeting was held at the Crown Inn, to consider a plan for altering the market with respect to the selling of corn. Mr. Richard Stanley in the chair; and there were present Mr. C. Saville, the Greave, Messrs. Downes, R. Clark, Thomas Badger, jun., Wheatley, steward of the manor; and Mr. Hinds, Lord Howard's steward. It was agreed that it would be of considerable advantage to the town of Rotherham and the neighbourhood, if corn was sold in the market place from bulk instead of from the sample, provided the corn market was made a free market, it being a well-known fact that many persons from the neighbourhood of Rotherham are induced to take their corn to Doncaster, a distance of twelve miles, on account of that corporation having suspended the collection of toll on Corn, and also from their having the facility of delivering their corn, and receiving the purchase-money immediately after the sale of it, and a representation to the above effect having been stated to Lord Howard of Effingham, the Lord of the Manor, in consequence of a meeting of the inhabitants, held 22nd May last, his Lordship has been pleased to consent to suspend for the present his right of collecting the toll before mentioned. It was therefore agreed and resolved, first, that upon and after the first Monday in October next, all corn brought to this market to be sold in the bulk and pitched in the street, called the Market Street, viz., from the corner of the house now occupied by Mr. Hague, to the extent of the house lately occupied by Thomas Badger, Esq., or farther, if necessary, to the north-west end of the Market Place, and that the Corn market shall commence at eleven o'clock precisely at the ringing of the market bell, and cease at the ringing of the same bell precisely at one o'clock. Secondly. That Messrs. Didsbury, J. Turner, and Robert Taylor be requested to mark Out the most proper parts of the street for the pitching of the different kinds of grain, and that the description of each be painted on the walls of the market place, and to make other regulations respecting the fixing posts, chains, &c., &C. Third. That this meeting recommend a subscription being entered into for defraying any expenses incurred in adopting the aforesaid alterations. 32ntable 33rrgūng, 33laces, amt; 3/mportant (Étients. 545 Fourth. That notice be given according to the clause in the act for regulating the markets, three successive market days before these regulations and orders shall be deemed to be in force, and that further notice be given in the Doncaster Gazette and the Sheffield Mercury. Fifth. That Mr. Hunt be desired to make application to the above-mentioned gentlemen, and to render any other service in his power to carry the above resolutions into effect. RICHARD STANLEY, Chairman. This effort to emulate the successful example of Doncaster did not succeed at Rotherham. Posts were put down requisite for the proper placing of grain in bulk in Market Street; but after what was considered a sufficient trial, they were taken up again, and the sale of corn by sample again resorted to, and to encourage this description of business, a commodious corn exchange was erected, and every facility for it afforded. The above is the last entry in the original minute book. The undertaking was a spirited but not a successful one, and was beset with difficulties and disappointments, which seem inherent in many such concerns. The whole of the property, with its rights and privileges passed into the hands of the Board of Health, in 1867, at a valuation of £4, Iog, and the corn exchange was afterwards purchased of the Feoffees for £557, and is now the property of the corporation. - There may be some who may be of opinion that this account has been given in more detail than, under the present altered state of things, was needed. But these “Historic Notices” are intended as a record of the doings and purposes of those who have gone before, and who, in their day, with great circumspection and ability, yet spiritedly withal, set about what was demanded by the requirements of an old market town. The markets (once almost the sole source of its humbler prosperity) were then largely increasing, owing to the war prices which all descriptions of farming produce were then obtaining, and which the farmers in the neighbouring fifty or sixty surrounding country places were freely expending. The Rotherham Monday market was a day of considerable bustle and business, and of the money which changed hands for corn and cattle, and the various articles of butter and eggs, pigs, and poultry, &c., &c., a pleasant proportion was distributed amongst the old-established shopkeepers, most of whom had maintained their establishments against all new-comers, for a great number of years. Nor were the publicans neglected; most of the respectable public-houses had a market table, and few were the farmers who refrained from indulging in the tempting entertainment provided, and the jolly good-fellowship which followed, perhaps sometimes a little too far. The cattle market at this period was hardly second to any cattle market in the kingdom. It was held early on the Monday morning, so that the Manchester butchers, who were the principal buyers, had either to come the night before, or to travel all night over the moors, so as to be in time in the morning. And this they generally did through all weathers, and a brave and hardy class of men they must have been who could do this. The beasts penned would be from 20,000 to 25,000 in the year, and the sheep nearly the same in number. There is but little doubt, that if the proper effort and outlay were now made, this important but lapsed feeder of the prosperity of the town might be restored, and with it, in a great measure, the restoration of the other markets for agricultural produce, and of the Monday market bustle and business and its agreeable consequences above adverted to. Sheffield and 13 otberham Railway. The original prospectus of this railway is dated October 3, 1834. It sets forth that a railway communication between the two market towns of Sheffield and Rotherham is generally acknowledged to have become highly necessary; that in the opinion of the public it cannot be longer deferred; that while other towns of importance are anxious to keep pace with the spirit of the times, should Sheffield, it asks, the great seat of hardware manufacture, be the last to avail itself of this novel and superior mode of transit? And it states that this prospectus was issued with a view of uniting to the metropolis of 69 546 330th crijam. Hallamshire the populous town of Rotherham, by a nearly direct line of railway of five miles and a quarter, commencing in the Wicker at Sheffield, and terminating near the Ship Inn at the Cut Bridge, in Masbrough, within a short distance of the Church and Market Place of Rotherham. - After remarking on the unfortunate choice of the southern side of the river Don being adopted for the canal, and the pecuniary sacrifice thereby involved in so adopting the high level, and the loss of time occasioned by the number of locks required, so “that from this unhappy choice of line and level, and the consequent sacrifice of capital, the Canal never has been, nor can it ever be, of much public benefit.” The prospectus states that the northern side of the river is now chosen for the proposed line of railway, and its advantages are described. That the number of passengers on the projected railway would be very great, may be inferred from the fact of the population of the parish of Sheffield being nearly IOO,OOO, and that of Rotherham nearly IO,OOO, and that no fewer than 250 persons are conveyed daily between the two towns by coaches and Waterloo cars. But it is reasonable to believe that the number would be increased by the railway to at least 500 per day. * * Passengers may be profitably Conveyed the whole length of the proposed railway in less than twenty minutes for sixpence each. Allusion having been made to the high charges on the Sheffield Canal, and the inconvenience and loss of time occasioned by its locks to the boatmen, it may be well to state in corroboration, that the additional freight and dues from Rotherham to Sheffield are 50 per cent, upon the freight and dues from Hull to Rotherham, being four shillings out of twelve on heavy goods, or five out of fifteen on groceries, &c. It is shewn that in the article of coal, “which to the Sheffield manufacturer is as necessary as cheap bread,” the consumption being 400,000 tons per annum, the saving effected would be at least ſ30,000 per annum. The project was further urged on the score of the increased value of property which it would occasion, and on that of humanity to the brute creation, by doing away with the Waterloo cars. It was stated that the proposed line had been carefully surveyed by Mr. Henry Sanderson, of Sheffield, and deviated very little, so far as it extended, from the once projected Goole line, approved by that eminent railway engineer, George Stephenson, Esq. The estimated cost is £50,000, including wharfs, warehouses, a carrying establishment, the cost of the Act, and rather more than the usual allowance for unforeseen contingencies; and the estimated met annual income about £7,650, being more than fifteen per cent. On the capital advanced. In support of this estimate, it may be observed that there is a weekly passage of 1,800 tons through the Sheffield Canal, besides I,OOO tons of coals passing from Tinsley Park and Darnall Collieries; and that there is also a traffic along the Tinsley road equal to 1,500 tons per week, besides the passengers before mentioned. It must not be forgotten, too, that Rotherham is of first-rate importance as a market for cattle, from the carriage of which a certain and considerable income would no doubt arise to the proposed railroad ; it is however put down in the annexed estimate at the very moderate sum of ÁIO a week. - It is proposed to raise the capital sum of £50,000 in 2,OOO shares of £25 each ; application for which may be made at the offices of Mr. Badger, solicitor, in Rotherham and Sheffield, and at the office of Mr. Henry Vickers, solicitor, Fargate, Sheffield, within twenty-one days from the date of this prospectus; after which a meeting will be called, a committee elected, and the shares will be apportioned under due limitations, when a deposit of one pound per share will be afterwards required to be paid into the hands of Bankers, to be named at that meeting. A General Estimate of the amount of Capital required. :6 S. d. #, S. d. Making the railway (a double line) including land and compensation e g e e & . 27,OOO O O Allow for Contingencies . º - e e 3,OOO O O - 3O,OOO O O Basin and Wharfs at Masbrough . º s 2,500 O O Warehouses and Land at both ends for Depots . 7,500 O O IO,OOO O O Locomotive Engines and Carriages o . - & -> . 5,OOO O O Allow for obtaining the Act of Parliament (of which sum probably not more than half will be required) 5,000 O O 4, 50,000 32ntatiſt #ergūng, 3}laces, amt; 3/mportant (ºutrità. 547 General Estimate of Income per week. # S. d. ź. s. d I,OOO tons of Coal at IOd, per ton . © -> & . 4 I I 3 4. I,500 tons of Goods of all kinds, at Is. 6d. per ton average II 2 IO O 3,OOO Passengers at 6d each 5OO yy at IS. , } IOO O O Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs º - º e e g IO O O Wharfage and Warehouse room . e º o . 3O O O — 294 3 4 Total income per annum . . . . . . :6. I 5,288 Deduct 50 per cent. for expenses and wear and tear . 7,644 £7,044 Net annual income equal to more than I5 per cent, on capital. In opposition to the Bill the following circular was issued, and also a map: SHEFFIELD AND ROTHERHAM RAIL ROAD. Reasons against the Bill. The Rail Road is a mere private speculation, connecting itself only with a single colliery, worked by one individual. The line is not five miles and a half in length, and there is not any direct traffic between Sheffield and Rotherham. - Whatsoever would pass over the line, would at both termini require land carriage, as well before arriving at the rail road as before reaching the place of delivery, but it enters neither Rotherham nor Sheffield, and parallel therewith is a canal and navigable river, and an excellent public road. As to high dues and want of water, a suspension of opinion is respectfully, but earnestly requested, as well as to the other allegations contained in the printed statement issued by the promoters of the Bill, until evidence is adduced before the committee, by which its opponents are confident the speculation will be found to be totally destitute of all claim to public attention, and a wanton attempt to encroach on and destroy private property. -- There is no monopoly of coal at Sheffield, for such is profusely supplied, and at a very low price, from a great number of collieries near to the town, as shewn by the map. The map of the promoters is an unfair representation, as it omits all the collieries at work except Mr. Chambers', and shows a coal field which the rail road does not reach, and cannot benefit. The prospectus is delusive, holding out expectations which cannot be realised. And it is earnestly requested that the colours on the map, and the note explaining them, showing the very small proportion of assenting landowners may not be overlooked. [Indorsed.] Session 1835. Reasons against the Bill now pending in Parliament, for making a railroad from Sheffield to Rotherham. WAKE, Sheffield. FEW, HAMILTON, & FEW, Covent Garden. [The maps in both statements are necessarily omitted.] We may pause for a moment to observe how modest was the “General Estimate of Income * given in the prospectus of this undertaking, compared with the acual amount of passenger traffic in the first year of its working. During the first twelve months, the number of passengers from Sheffield to Rotherham was 222,286, and from Rotherham to Sheffield, 218,321 ; together amounting to 440,607. In 1870, the last account obtained, there being now two railways, the number conveyed (exclusive of Masbrough) was 726,898. And, as showing the vast increase of the intercourse between the two towns, compare this with what it was some twenty-five years before, when two stage coaches, driven in fierce opposition, by Russell (stopping at the King's Arms) and Slack (stopping at the Crown Inn), and the mail coach, were the only public conveyances between Sheffield, Rotherham, and Doncaster; and these might, perhaps, convey some Io,000 passengers in the course of the year between these places. The population of the respective towns has, since the opening of the railway, increased nearly fourfold, and the wisdom and commercial foresight of its originators have been amply demonstrated. 548 330th crijam. Notwithstanding the vigorous opposition, the promoters of the Bill were successful; the Act of Parliament was passed, and the line was opened on the 31st October, 1838. The towns of Sheffield and Rotherham had both been upon the qui vive for some days before the important event. The directors, with great liberality, and with a desire to gratify their townsmen, arranged that the trains should traverse the line several times in the course of the day, carrying at each trip about three hundred persons; and they issued as many gratuitous tickets as they were able to provide accommodation for passengers. They also invited the shareholders and other friends of the undertaking to a public breakfast in the Court House, Rotherham, and to a dinner at the Tontine Hotel, Sheffield. About twenty minutes before eleven o'clock, the “Victory” engine was heard to emit a sort of loud whistle, which to the ears of many so much resembled a scream, that their first idea was that an accident had occurred. At the same moment, however, the passengers felt that they were in motion, and amidst the shouts of the spectators, the train slowly moved out of the yard. When the engine-house was passed, the speed quickly increased, till the persons who lined the side of the road, and Occupied the rising ground of the neighbouring fields, as well as the trees, seemed to shoot past the windows with wonderful velocity. As the train neared Rotherham, there were crowds of spectators to hail its approach, and it stopped at the station there in precisely seventeen minutes from the time of moving at Sheffield. When the passengers alighted, the other train was in sight, and in about two minutes it came up. The exchange of congratulations and the expressions of delight at the satisfactory character of the railway, and the issue of the journey, were universal. / The company then proceeded in procession to the Court House, where a sumptuous breakfast had been provided. William Vickers, Esq., the chairman of the Board of Directors, presided, supported by Earl Fitzwilliam, with his family and guests. The noble earl's party consisted of the Dowager Lady Milton, Lady Mary Thompson, the Ladies Charlotte, Dorothy, and Albreda Fitzwilliam ; the Hon. Mrs. Ramsden and her son ; the Earl of Morton, with his sons, Lord Aberdour, and the Hon. Mr. Douglas, Lord Milton, the Hon. Mr. Wentworth Fitzwilliam, L. Thompson, Esq., and Robert Chaloner, Esq. Among the other company we observed John Parker, Esq., M.P.; J. C. Athorpe, Esq., of Dinnington; T. Walker, Esq., of Ravenfield; T. B. Bosville, Esq.; J. Holdsworth, Esq.; Sir Gregory Lewin, standing counsel for the company; George Stephenson, Esq.; Robert Stephenson, Esq.; T. A. Ward, Esq.; C. Stanley, Esq.; T. W. Rodgers, Esq.; Dr. Holland; J. Aldred, Esq.; Henry Belcher, Esq., Whitby, William Vickers, Esq.; Henry Vickers, Esq.; Thomas Badger, Esq.; Benjamin Badger, Esq.; T. B. Mason, Esq.; J. Alexander, Esq.; W. P. Milner, Esq.; John Stephenson, Esq.; Dr. Heathcote; H. J. Frith, Esq.; H. Chambers, Esq.; G.P.Naylor, Esq.; S. Jackson, Esq.; Mr. Cocker, of Hathersage; W. Ibbotson, Esq., and family; B. Byram, Esq.; F. Parker, Esq.; H. Pattison, Esq.; and C. Parker, Esq.; the London Secretary and solicitor of the North Midland, &c., &c. The chairman proposed “The Queen.” The chairman afterwards said he had risen to give a toast which he was sure would be received with cordial approbation. It was the health of a noble- man who had that day honoured them with his company “The health of Earl Fitzwilliam, and the noble house of Wentworth.” In reply, Earl Fitzwilliam said : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, Allow me, not only in my own name, but in that of my family, to return you our sincere and heartfelt thanks for the honour you have done us. I have indeed had great pleasure in being present at the opening of an establishment which I entertain no doubt will confer great and ample benefits upon the two towns which it has connected. You are probably aware that, in the progress of the measure through Parliament, I did not think it consistent with certain circumstances, by which I thought it my duty to regulate my conduct as a member of the legislature, to take any part in furtherance of this object. But though personal feelings of delicacy, which governed my conduct, prevented my taking any part in the progress of this measure through Parliament, I have no hesitation in saying, that I always looked upon it with a favourable eye, and felt convinced that it was calculated to confer great benefits. And I look upon it more peculiarly with a favourable eye, because it is remarkably conspicuous among enterprises of the same description, as having entirely originated with the inhabitants and interests of this neighbourhood, who felt that it would be beneficial to them, and that there was no good and sufficient reason why it should not be carried into effect. I trust, gentlemen, that in the progress of this establishment, we shall See its proceedings regulated in the same manner, and attended with the same success, as the opening on this occasion. I beg you to drink the health of the Directors and success to the establishment. - The party then broke up, and returned to the railway station, where about two hours were spent in promenading and inspecting the works, until the return of the train from Sheffield. We cannot better bring to a close this very important event in this part of the history of the town, than by the following noble, but even for the time, fiercely denunciatory “Stanzas on the Opening of the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway,” by Ebenezer Elliott: 320table 33ergong, 3}laceg, amt 3/mportant (Étients. 549 “They come! the shrieking steam ascends, Slow moves the banner'd train; They rush the tow'ring vapour bends; The kindled wave again Screams over thousands, thronging all To witness now the funeral Of law-created pain. Behold it, Osgathorpe,” behold ! Look down, and cry, All hail Skies! brighten into blue and gold, O'er all the living vale ! Pale, ling’ring foxglove | you, ye trees Thou, wood of Tinsley ! tell the breeze, That Hell's dark cheek turns pale ! For Mind shall vanquish time and space, Bid east and west shake hands, Bring over Ocean face to face, Earth's Ocean-sever'd strands; And on his path of iron bear Words, that shall wither in despair, The tyrants of all lands. Eternal river! b roaring still, As roar'd thy foamy wave, When first each wild rose-skirted rill Heard moorland echoes rave, Thou Seest, amid thy meadows green, The goodliest sight that earth hath seen, Since man made fire his slave. Fire kindling man how weak wast thou! Ere thou hadst conquer'd fire ! How like a worm, on Canklow's brow, Thou shrank'st from winter's ire | Or heard'st the torrent-gathering night Awake the wolf with thee to fight, Where these broad shades aspire ! But he whom cold and hunger ban, Whom law and ease belie, Who vainly asks his fellow-man For leave to toil and die, Is Sadder, weaker, than wast thou, When, naked here, on Winco's brow, Thou didst the wolf defy! In vain thou mak’st the fire a slave, That works and will not tire ; And burn'st the flame-destroying wave, And rid'st on harnessed fire; In vain, if millions toil unfed, And Crompton's children, begging bread, Wealth-hated, curse their sire. Fire-kindling man thy life-stream runs, Ev’n yet through sighs and groans; Too long thy Watts and Stephensons With brains have fattened drones | O Genius ! all too long, too oft, At thee the souls of clay have scoff’d, And sold thy little ones c * Osgathorpe, Canklow, Winco, and Tinsley, are hills and woods, portions of the scene. b The Don. * I do not believe that men of genius are less able than other men to gain their living; but if they attempt more, they are more liable to failure; but if they live where men are robbed of three-fourths of their earnings is it surprising that they do not thrive 2 r 55O 33 otherijam. Sold them to misery's dungeon-gloom, To rapine's menial blow, To beggary's brawl-fill'd lodging-room, Where famine curses wo; Then to the pest-den's workhouse floor, To which good Christians send the poor, By stages Sure and slow. But lo! the train On 1 onward still Loud shrieks the kindled wave; And back fly hamlet, tree, and hill, White steam, and banners brave; And thoughts on vapoury wings are hurl’d, To shake old thrones, and change a world, And dig Abaddon's grave. Eternal river ! roaring now, As erst, in earliest years, Ere grief began, with youthful brow, To live an age of tears; Thou hear'st, beneath thy forests high, A voice of power, that will not die, While man hath hopes and fears. He, conquering fire, and time, and space, Bids east and west join hands, Brings over ocean face to face, Earth's Ocean-sever'd strands; And on his iron rod will bear Words that shall wither in despair, The tyrants of all lands.” Hāotberijam (Temperance $ocietp. THE advent of the Temperance Society in Rotherham was rightly considered in respect of its beneficent effects, as an event of paramount importance. With no grander herald than that of a town crier's bell, or that of a watchman’s rattle, crowds of drink-besotted men, groaning under the thrall to which they had blindly bowed their necks, having sacrificed home and happiness and almost hope, welcomed, with what energy remained, the glad tidings of deliverance from worse than Egyptian bondage, and, in God's name, casting from them their self-formed fetters, stood again ransomed, erect, and free. The annals of Rotherham have no brighter page than that of the early triumphs of the Temperance Society at Rotherham, from 1838; but these can be here given only in the form of a condensed report, which received the highest premium given for similar reports from the length and breadth of the land. k Weekly meetings in the British School Room, and out-door meetings in the town and neighbouring villages, principally carried on by the reformed drunkards, were the usual means employed; but the committee had long foreseen, that something more was required to give stability to the movement, and that it was needful to supply opportunities of improvement and recreation, especially to the younger members of the Society. To accomplish this, rooms were rented from time to time; but the effort was not successful, until 1842, when a resolute attempt was made to accomplish the desired object, and the old vicarage, in the churchyard, was purchased, furnished, and fitted up. A deputation had visited London, and had purchased 1,500 volumes of books, and all other educational apparatus suitable for the purpose. A librarian was engaged, and in February, 1843, the Temperance Institute was inaugurated under very favourable auspices, and with every prospect of permanent success. f 320table 13trägmä, älareg, amt; 3/mportant &bentº. 55 I The introductory address was given by Edward Baines, Esq., of Leeds, to a large and respectable audience, Edward Smith Esq., of Sheffield, in the chair, supported by Sir Arnold J. Knight, Thomas Badger, Esq., the Rev. W. H. Stowell, and others. A short extract from the address will give a view of the effort put forth. “There have been purchased about 1,500 volumes of standard and popular works in every department of literature and science, by the most esteemed and popular authors, a good collection of educational maps, coloured drawings, and diagrams, illustrative of natural history, &c.; a pair of 18-inch globes; and a selection of philosophical apparatus for the use of lecturers, &c. The expenditure in these purchases, and in fitting up rooms for library and class instruction, has been from £350 to £400. Of this £200 has been advanced by the committee and members of the Temperance Association, the remainder by donations.” On the following Wednesday evening, Dr. Favell, of Sheffield, delivered a lecture, “On the Achievements of Science,” John Aldred, Esq., in the chair. It was during this high tide of prosperity, and with the late Earl Fitzwilliam as patron, that the somewhat glowing report, which follows, was made : STATISTICAL RETURNS TO THE NATIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. The following schedule is sent with the view of preparing a complete statistical report of the state of the Temperance Cause in Great Britain, preliminary to the World's Convention, to be held in London, next June. The committee trust the societies in all parts of the kingdom will co-operate in this important effort, and have concluded to offer three premiums for the most complete returns, to be sent in not later than the 31st March, 1846. I. Place.—Rotherham. . Name of Society.—Rotherham and Masbrough Temperance Society. . In what Union or Association.—British Association. . Name and occupation of president. yy 33 treasurer.—John Guest, agent. g y) }} Secretary.—James Howard, druggist. . The drinking customs and usages, compared with what they were at the formation of your society.—In the year 1838, when this Society was established the number of persons taken into custody was 450, of these 22 I were so taken up as “drunken and disorderly;” but this number, Owing to railway works going On, was above the usual average, the year 1837 having been only I 59; but in the last year of which we have account ending I845, the number of persons taken up for drunkenness was only seventy-two, being eighty-seven less than in 1837, and less by I49 than in 1838. - 8. The state of crime, compared with what it was at the formation of your society.— Remarkably changed for the better, in the abolishment of footings, hirings, coming of age; in payment in money for overwork instead of drinkings, or allowance; in the publicans complaining of lodges, benefit societies, &c., not spending money sufficient to remunerate them for finding rooms, fire, lights, &c., and in teetotal workmen being preferred, even by non-teetotal masters, &c. 9. The attendance at places of worship, day Schools, infant schools, and Sunday Schools, compared with its state prior to the Temperance Reformation.—Considerably increased, despite the defection of several, and opposition of other ministers, to the Temperance Society. The numbers of members added to the Wesleyan Society in the town, and several adjacent villages recently through revival have been considerable, and have been added through the instrumentality of non-resident, thorough, avowed teetotal men. IO. Have you any mechanics' institutions or reading-rooms in connection with your society P —Yes. The best furnished Temperance Institute in the three kingdoms, and as far as information has been gleaned of others—the best Temperance Institute in the world, as far as relates to books, globes, maps, philosophical apparatus, &c. The object aimed at in its establishment, being the elevation of the Temperance Cause to its proper position constituting it the principal medium of intellectual improvement and rational amusement. II. Other beneficial results.-Land Allotment Society and Building Society, chiefly managed and supported by teetotalers, and having their offices and meetings at the Temperance Institute, giving the working classes the opportunity of employing their leisure time, and investing their money to the best advantage. I2. Names of medical men who have signed the pledge.—One ; but not identifying himself with the operations of the society, and therefore not worth naming. - - I 3. Names of clergymen and ministers who have signed the pledge.—Rev. John Sissons, Baptist Minister, and a number of students at the Independent College; several also from the college having been called upon to exercise the ministerial function, being firm teetotalers. i 552 - 3ädtiſcrijam. 14. Names of other influential individuals who have signed the pledge. I5. Names and addresses of persons of rank and influence favourable to the cause.—The Right Honourable Earl Fitzwilliam is patron of the Temperance Institute. Breweries, No. of H f Increase or Number Number of Distilleries, h *i. i. Or Population No. of Members. decrease in Reclaimed by Agents visiting, Beershops, and '. º acture and and chief past year. your Society. and Names. Public ºses, º occupation. ADULT. During I2 months * Rotherham Male . . . 281| Male . . Ioo AG ENTS Breweries . I Breweries . I and Female . 218 Female . 80. Male . . IoalRev. T. T. White Distilleries Distilleries Masbrough, tº-mº *-*- Wm. Thomason | H * g tel tº ſº º Total . . 499 Total . . I80 Simeon Smithard ** Hotels 4 together 9,000 - *º- Joseph Bormond | Public } Public ) Several large Iron JUVENILE. Female Rev. R. G. Mason| Houses | * Houses J 55 Works, Steel T. B. Thompson . . Male. . . I78. Male . . Ios LECTURERS Beershops . Beershops. 14 Converting,and Female . 24I Female . 20I --- tº — __| Glass Works, Dr. Lees ith th • fl-; W1 Other Total. . Total. .. 306 Total . IoalPr. Grindrod Total . . . tº tº e O 4I9 O 3O O 4|Mr. Jackson tal I| Total 7* Factories. The vigorous, aggressive, and successful efforts of the first years of the temperance movement have not been maintained, but from the transfer of its institute in 1849, for the thirty years which have now elapsed, it has carried on its contest with the drinking usages of the kingdom, to the reclaiming and preserving of hundreds of precious souls from the monster vice of the age. This has been the case, especially amongst the young, by the grand instrumentality of “Bands of Hope,” and now that by the nationally supported weight of the Church of England Temperance Society, cocoa house establishments, and other kindred alliances, a somewhat equivalent force stands opposed to this enemy of mankind, it is trusted its days are numbered, and its dethronement in God's good time has been secured. The peculiar benefit of the beginning of the temperance reformation marked its divine source. It arrested thousands of helpless drunkards on their downward career, giving them purified vision, restored energies, and added years of life, and affording them blessed opportunities of striving to redeem the wasted past. Of these the writer was one. And this personal tribute, laid on a shrine so holy, is neither mistimed nor misplaced, inasmuch, as but for such providential interposition having been vouchsafed, these pages could not have appeared. # It may be here properly stated that the “Rotherham and Masbrough Benefit Building and Investment Society’’ was one of the out-growths of the Temperance Institute, its original title having been “Temperance Benefit Building Society.” A land allotment company had been formed in 1843, and a plot of land, too distant from the town, which they called “Alpha,” was purchased and partially built upon. The company, however, soon fell into difficulties, but was ultimately rescued from them by the Building Society. The author had attended, and was conversant with the working of building societies in London, and saw in them something likely to benefit his native town. The principle was so sound and the benefits were so obvious, that their introduction into Rotherham was easily accomplished. It was not only that by something like double the amount a man paid for the rent of his house, he could secure it as his own in fourteen years, but also that on the rood of land which was then the size of each allotment, he could find healthful employment for his leisure time, and the produce largely supported his family. Moorgate Grove, the first estate, and Whiston Grove, are somewhat aristocratic instances of the carrying out of the scheme. Before the introduction of this safe facility, the erection of a house by a working man, unless in the building trade, had almost been a thing unknown, but since its adoption, hundreds and thousands of working men in the district have become their own landlords. The evil has been that they have striven to be landlords of others, and so, by attempting too much, have been, in some instances, involved in difficulty and loss. 32ntable 43rrgūng, 3}laces, amt; 3/mportant (šºrmtā. 5.53 isotherham and flääsbrough Literary and farthamits jmištitute, THE Temperance Institute preceded the Literary and Mechanics’ Institute. The claim for a Mechanics’ Institute for Rotherham had long been urged. Frequent attempts had been made to establish one, but generally on an insignificant and insufficient scale. The Temperance Institute, after having been for some years in operation, failed in receiving sufficient support; and the establishment of a Mechanics’ Institute being again strongly agitated, at a meeting held at the Court House, August 31st, 1849, Earl Fitzwilliam in the chair, it was moved by the Hon. and Rev. William Howard, seconded by Dr. Shearman, and resolved: “That it is expedient that the Temperance Institute be changed (under rules, &c., to be hereafter made) into a Mechanics' Institute, under the name of “The Rotherham and Masbrough Literary and Mechanics’ Institute.” A committee was appointed, and to show the interest that was then awakened, but which has not been by any means sustained, the names are here given. It was moved by William Beatson, Esq. : “That the officers and committee shall consist of PATRON: The Right Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam. PRESIDENT: The Right Hon. the Earl of Effingham. VICE-PRESIDENTS: The Hon. and Rev. Wm. Howard. Geo. Wilton Chambers, Esq. The Greave of the Feoffees for the time being. COMMITTEE : Mr. Aldred. Mr. Joseph Badger. Mr. Rd. Brooke. Dr. Shearman. Mr. Henry Jubb. Mr. T. Wigfield. Mr. Yates. Mr. R. Rhodes. Mr. Geo. Haywood. Dr. Robinson. Mr. Kerr. Mr. Wm. Beatson, Jun. Mr. Jno. Booth. Mr. H. Pullin. Mr. Jno. Guest. Mr. Jas. Hodgson. Mr. Geo. Brown. Mr. Outwin. Mr. Jno. Barras. Y. power to add to their number, and to confer with the Committee of the Temperance nstitute. The negotiation between the two committees ended in the library and effects of the Temperance Institute being transferred for £222 10s. At subsequent meetings, rules and regulations for the carrying on of the institute were adopted, and at a committee meeting, October 29th, 1849, it was “Resolved, that ſº,000 be raised in shares of £1 each share for the purpose of a new building, &c., and a deposit of 2s. 6d. each share paid down.” At a public meeting, held at the Court House, January 20th, 1851, it was decided “to adopt the site for the proposed building, as described upon the plan, before the meeting, containing 500 yards, which the Earl of Effingham values at 6d. per yard per annum, or for the whole £12 Io.s. per annum, on lease for ninety-nine years, and which sum has been offered for the same; but in consideration of the public good likely to be derived from the institute, his lordship has agreed to let it at £5 per annum.” The first stone was laid by the Hon. and Rev. William Howard, August 19th, 1852, and the handsome building, ornamenting the corner of Howard Street, was opened with a grand bazaar, extending over October 17th, 18th, and 19th, 1853; it was indeed a great event which merits a much more important notice than space admits of being given to it. At the stalls were the Countess of Effingham, Lady Albride Vernon, Lady Mary Thompson, Lady Dorothy Fitzwilliam, Lady Charlotte Howard, the Hon. Miss Dundas, Mrs. Fullerton, Mrs. G. W. Chambers, Mrs. Shearman, Mrs. Badger, &c. Among the company were Earls Fitzwilliam, Effingham, and Scarborough; Lord Howard; the Hon. George Fitzwilliam, &c. The amount realised was £725. 7o 554 " . 330th crijam. There was a public breakfast on Friday, October 21st, Earl Fitzwilliam in the chair. The attendance was not so good as had been expected, owing to the rain. The speakers were the Earl of Effingham; the Dean of Ripon; Monckton Milnes, Esq.; Mr. Guest; J. Fullerton, Esq.; the Hon. and Rev. W. Howard; G. S. Foljambe, Esq.; Dr. Shearman; the Hon. G. Fitzwilliam; the Rev. W. Watkins; the Hon. Mr. Vernon; James Yates, Esq. In the evening of the same day a soiree was held; the Earl of Effingham took the chair. The room was crowded, and the utmost excitement prevailed. The speakers were—the chairman; Mr. Monckton Milnes; Mr. Pearsall, secretary of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics’ Institutes; the Dean of Ripon; Mr. T. Lister, Barnsley; Professor Clark; the Hon. and Rev. W. Howard. Under these auspicious circumstances an institute, the want of which had long been a reproach to the town, was established, and looking at the list of original shareholders, which included the nobility, gentry, and principal inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, its success appeared secured by the wide and almost general support on which it was based. From that time to the present it has held on its course, subject to the usual fluctuations of public favour. Latterly, it has been principally distinguished by the success of its School of Science and Art, and which has been of a character to bring to a comparatively small number of students, an unusual number of prizes from the Department of Science and Art. The Literary and Scientific Society has its news and reading-rooms, and holds its meetings for the sessional monthly reading of papers there, and has become one of the most pleasant, popular, and profitable re-unions of the place. The papers read being to a considerable extent on local persons or places, possess a home-interest and recommendation largely appreciated. The forty-third anniversary of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes was held at Rotherham on Wednesday and Thursday in Whit-week, 1879, and was presided over by the Right Hon. Lord Hampton. It is twenty years since the important anniversary meeting of this Union was held at Rotherham. Rotherham pospital ant Dispensary. This institution is one of the most recent and honourable examples of public spirit and unselfish liberality, in Rotherham. In a district so thickly strewed by heavy ironworks and extensive collieries, accidents are necessarily of such frequent occurrence as to render immediate and proper help indispensable. For too long a period, the Sheffield Infirmary was the only adequate resource, and the conveyance of injured persons a distance of six miles or more, with the utmost care, too often produced a state of exhaustion which rendered operations by which life might have been saved, impossible to be performed. The first earnest effort to remedy this distressing state of things may be said to have taken place in 1863, originating in a noble offer made by James Yates, Esq., of a plot of ground near the then Independent College, together with a contribution of £500 on certain terms, which it would seem were not acted upon by the committee formed at the time. It was not until December, 1867, that a committee was formed and a resolution passed that £6,000 should be raised to accomplish this sadly needed object, and considerable progress was made both as regarded the site and constitution of the proposed hospital. An offer on the part of Miss Elizabeth Nightingale of £1,000 towards it, gave an impulse at the right moment which resulted in complete success. On March 6th, Earl Fitzwilliam presided over an enthusiastic meeting at the Mechanics' Hall, when a re-organised committee, of which Mr. Yates was appointed chairman, Mr. Guest, vice-chairman, and Mr. Barras, secretary, went vigorously to work, and it was decided to raise £6,000, and to expend a sum not exceeding £1,500 on a site. , - flotable 43rrgong, 3}laces, amt; 3/mportant (Étientä. 555 The first and most important subscription, with others, as will be seen from the following list, secured an amount which authorised the committee proceeding with the erection of the building. It was one highly honourable to the good feeling and genuine open hand and heart liberality of the town and neighbourhood. 3.igt of Bomation3 to the 13ttiſting jump. 26 S. d. ;6 Miss Nightingale , IOOO O O F. J. S. Foljambe, M.P. . Io M. T. . . The Earl of Effingham and Rev. J. W. Richardson . Io Miss Aldred . Lord Howard . 678 o o Humphrey Davy . • IO J. D. Beckett Earl Fitzwilliam . 500 O O Arthur Hurst © e IO W. J. Wigfield. J. N. Mappin 500 O O John Law. © e , IO Henry Jephson, M.D. Per Miss E. Turner . . 5oo O O | Anonymous . Q º IO Mrs. Bacon .. - Guest and Chrimes 250 o O S. Whitworth . . . Io Henry James. Parkgate Iron Co., Limited 250 o o M. J. Ellison e TO J. B. . e Yates, Haywood, & Drabble 250 o o S. and H. Deakin IO J. Jenkin Robert J. Bentley, J.P. . 250 o o The Misses Deakin IO Francis Watson Midland Iron Co., Limited 200 o o Blunn Brothers IO Mrs. Ware . . . e Rotherham Gas Company Ios o o G. P. Nicholson IO Rev. C. J. D. Marsden, M.A. J. and J. Charlesworth . IOO o o S. Blunn . . . . Io W. and H. Bingley Harrison and Camm . . Ioo o O | Thomas Ellison . . Io T. J. Campsall . . . G. S. Foljambe . • IOO O O John Weir - © • IO A. Cox . { } º e Aldwarke Main Colliery Mrs. and Miss Egerton. IO W. Hanby Co. e e º . 63 Rhodes and Harvey . 6O Owen's Patent Wheel, Tire Thomas Outwin d • IO Mrs. Taylor . * . . IO Richard Brooke e • IO James Bennett C. Dodson and Son . M. and E. Hickmott º º and Axle Co., Limited . 52 IO O Henry Hobson . . Io William May G. W. Chambers, J.P. . 50 O O Job Richards . e • IO Misses Steel . W. Corbitt . . . . 50 o o Robert Marsh & e IO Benjamin Saville Frederick Edwards . 50 O O John Garnett . o . 7 Hinchliffe and Son Joseph Badger . e . 50 O O Rev. J. H. Carr . e Henry Darwin . Morgan, Macauley &Waide 50 o o Rev. F. J. Falding, D.D. . W. H. Slinn . S. d. #, d. O O 5 O O O 5 O O O 5 O O O 5 O O O 5 O O O 5 O O O 5 O O 'O 4. O O O. 4. O O O 4. O O O 3 O O O 3 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O O O 2 O 7 o 2 O 5 5 O 2 O 5 5 O 2 O C. L. Coward (and con- Henry Hart . . . e 5 5 O G. Crawshaw 2 O veyance) o & . 50 O O William Blackmoor . 5 5 O Thomas Hobson 2 O Henry Wigfield . ſº 50 O O F. L. Harrop e © 5 5 O O. Fox 2 O Beatson and Co. . . 50 O O Rev. W. Blazeby, B.A. . 5 5 O Mrs. Dobb 2 O W. H. and G. Dawes . 50 o o Rev. J. J. Christie, M.A. 5 5 o William Hargreaves. 2 O W. Jessop and Sons. . 50 O O Frederick Fell © 5 5 O William Sellars 2 O Joseph Armstrong and Co. 50 O O Barras and Blackett . 5 5 O Henry Bennett. 2 O Mrs. Hodgson . º . 50 O O Wilson Waterfall . 5 5 O Thomas Darwent . 2 O F. T. Mappin ſº & 5o O O Thomas Freeman . 5 5 O W. Short . 2 O W. Davison . • . 50 o O || William Kitchingman . 5 5 O John Knapton 2 O George Wright . tº 25 O O J. U. Wing 5 5 o A. Taffinder 2 O G. Chambers and Son . 25 O O W. E. Allen . 5 : 5 O Mrs. White . 2 O Hugh Hoyland . & 25 O O R. H. Sharp 5 5 O J. Gillett . 2 O Charles Booth . º . 25 O O J. S. Jubb 5 5 O C. C. . º 2 O Henry Hutchinson º 25 O O G. Lilley . o 5 5 O Miss Raby º e 2 O Tennant Brothers . . . 25 O O Haggard and Son . ſº 5 5 O 5 5 2nd donation I O R. B. Shaw-Yates. º 25 O O Rev. F. Watkins, B.D. 5 O O S. Kilner . © 2 O R. and J. Harris e . 25 O O Henry Bray . 5 O O W. J. Kenning I O Rev. H. M. White, M.A. 21 o o John Branson © . 5 O O Joseph Adams . I O William Whitfield . • 2 I O O John Pollard . tº . o 5 O O A. Phillips I O John Fawcett e º 2I O O Rev. C. J. Hamilton, M.A. 5 o o Mrs. Colley I O Rev. J. T. F. Aldred, M.A. 21 o o Henry Tomlinson . 5 O O F. W. Shillito * I O James S. Jubb . e 2 I O O Charles H. Pugh 5 O O Rev. C. H. Wright, B.A. . I O J. H. Pashley . e . 2 I O O John Mason . 5 O O Thomas Tyler e e I O Job Conworth ſº o 2I O O R. M. Thompson 5 O O A. Johnson e I O Hon. Charles Howard . 20 o o J. Wells 5 O O Edward Arber I O James Crowther . we 2O O O Joseph Brown . 5 O O William Hudson I O William Beatson . • 20 O O James Bennett 5 O O Miss E. Shearwood I O Logan and Hemingway 2O O O J. Tomlinson . o 5 O O Miss H. Shearwood . I O C. H. Perrot . e . I5 O O J. Goodall . e 5 O O William Bellamy . I O E. H. Perrot . º e I5 O O Thomas Wigfield 5 O O E. Kelsey . - • I O Mrs. Thompson e . I2 IO O Henry Flintham 5 O O G. Dobson, jun. . p I O Duncan Gilmour and Co. Io Io o J. Kesteven and Son. 5 O O C. Wright e I O Rev. R. Mosley, M.A. . Io Io o Miss Waites . 5 O O Watson and Co. I O E. J. Shearman, M.D. . IO IO O Joseph Harper . e 5 O O G. Appleyard . {- I O John Barras . e • IO IO O Mrs. Nightingale . 5 O O Anonymous per ditto I O Thomas Cooper . º IO IO O John Rodgers . © , 5 O O George Jessop . I O Rev. J. E. Coulson . • IO IO O H. and C. Leadbeate 5 O O William Perkins I O Smith Brothers . • IO IO O B. and J. Sellars and Co. . 5 o o Thomas Rhodes . O IO 6 Thomas Tasker e • IO IO O Miss Lockwood . ſº 5 O O George Fowler O IO 6 G. M. Saunders . * IO IO O Henry Aizlewood . . 5 O O Henry Womack O IO O Thomas Wilson º • IO IO O H. S. Wright, R.A.M. . 5 O O Mr. Bingham O IO O John Brown . tº Q IO IO O William Moorhouse . 5 O O John Simpson . O 5 O W. Aldam, J.P. o • IO IO O G. B. Willis . e s 5 O O Robert Mason O 5 O Bentley Shaw, J.P., D.L. Io Io o Rev. B. E. Watkins, B.A. . 5 o O O O C. Kenyon 5 556 330th crijam. Čiurkmen's Domations. S. d. 6 s. d. - A. S. d. Guest and Chrimes' in the following names— Messrs. W. Corbitt and Company’s . © 6O O O Wm. Turner . . . . 21 o o , Morgan, Macaulay, and Waide's , 50 o o Hy. Wilkes e º e 2I O O Owen’s Wheel, Tire, and Axle Company's . 44 IQ 6 Thos. Chrimes . ſe • 2 I O O Messrs. Harrison and Camm's e & . 56 2 4 Chas. E. Chrimes . o 2I O .o ,, J. Armstrong and Company's & 38 o o Jno. Heaton . º g • 2 I O O ,, Geo. Wright and Company's . . 4O O O Isaac Warburton º & 2 I O O Wheathill Foundry Company's . e º 3O 4 IO Farringdon Lane . . . 21 O O Messrs. Beatson and Company's . . . 25 O O Chas. Ward . º * 2 I O O Midland Railway Station . e Q º Ig II 6 Saml. Howe . º e • 2 I O O Messrs. G. Chambers and Son's Colliery . 32 O O Geo. Jackson . º te 2 I O O ,, G. and J. Brown's . e º 25 O O J. T. Rushforth . & • 2 I O O Yorkshire Miner's Association tº o 25 O O Edwd. Oliver . º te 2 I O O Messrs. W. Spencer and Company's . g I5 O O — 252 o o The Masbrough Stove Grate Company's O 9 I4. O Parkgate Iron Company's, Limited . . . Igo o o Glass Bottle Union Society e e IO. O. O Messrs. Yates, Haywood, and Drabble’s . IOO O. O. Mr. J. N. Mappin's Brewery . e 4 4 O Earl Fitzwilliam's Colliery . . . . 71 o o Mr. J. Knapton's Colliery . . . 2 2 O Messrs. J. and J. Charlesworth's Colliery . 5o o o Messrs. W. H. Oxley and Company’s 2 Ig 6 Midland Iron Company's tº {º © . 37 6 O , Haggard and Son's & 3 I5 O A. S. d. Offertories and other Contributions . º . . e © 767 o o Collections for Furnishing Fund . . . . . . 377 7 3 Proceeds of a Bazaar, held November 9th, 1871 . º ſº º . IOI 5 IQ 6 Several noble gifts and bequests have been made to the institution, besides smaller sums, namely: S d. John Haywood, Rotherham º º g e e te o e 1% O O John Waterhouse . e e e © e © ſº © º 2OO O O Thomas Marrian, Thundercliffe Hall . e & º º © , IOOO O O Thomas Liversidge, near Boston, United States . º o . IOOO O O After very careful examination a piece of land, containing four acres in extent, known as Babb's Croft (an old cricket ground), was brought under the notice of the committee. It was the joint property of the Earl of Effingham and Lord Howard, and was valued at £700 more than the sum apportioned for the purchase of a site. This obstacle was removed by the noble owners offering to give the amount as their contribution to the object contemplated, and in October of the same year the land became the acquired site. Premiums of £100, in three prizes, were offered for a suitable design for the building, and that of Messrs. Mallinson and Bakewell, of Leeds, was adopted. The contract was after- wards let to Messrs. Askew Brothers, of Park Gate, for £4,680, being a reduction of £517 on the original estimate. The following is the architect's description: The plan is so arranged that each department is separate and complete in itself, and, yet, at the same time in contiguity with the various offices and departments, each having a distinct entrance. - The hospital entrance on the west side, with the porter's room, leads immediately to the waiting room; bath room, for cleansing and examination of patients before admission to the wards, to the operating theatre and accident ward, for patients that may have to be operated on upon their immediate entrance. This department is entirely isolated from the hearing of the hospital and from the other offices. The dispensary entrance is on the north side of the administrative department, with its lobby. The large hall for the patients to wait, communicates immediately with the physician's room, and with the surgeons' rooms, with their respective dressing rooms for the economy of time; the dispensary adjoining for prescriptions, medicine, &c., with hatchway or window into the hall, and one is also provided for the lobby. This department is also complete in itself and in close proximity to the entrance for the visiting medical staff. The kitchens, offices, and mess room form another department, on the east side, having easy communication with the hospital and at the same time isolated. The surgeon's and matron's house contains dining room, with oriel window; drawing room, ditto ; kitchen, Scullery, and three cellars, four bed rooms, bath room, lavatory, and water closets, matron's room, linen room, and five servants' bed rooms; also pathological museum. 32ntable 13ergong, 3}|acrg, and 3 mportant (ºpertà. 557 The house surgeon's entrance is on the west side of the administrative block, entirely Separate to itself, and yet accessible by the corridor and private door leading to each department. The mortuary and foul linen laundry are placed at the extreme south-west corner of the site. The wards: South aspect; seven wards, with bath rooms, lavatories, and water closets attached, as follows, viz.:-One ward for six beds, 33 ft. 6 in. by 25 ft.; one ditto, eight beds' 45 ft. by 25 ft. ; one ditto, ten beds, 56 ft. by 25 ft. ; two special wards, for two beds each, 14 ft. by I2 ft.; two convalescent wards, I5 ft. by I5 ft. 6 in. Each ordinary patient has 2,000 cubic feet allowed; patients in special wards, 2,500 cubic feet each. The hospital wards have been arranged and planned with the latest improvements. On the right from the corridor leading from the administrative department are the male wards, convalescent ward with south aspect; at the end is placed the ward for special cases, which is isolated by a lobby; a similar arrangement is provided to the left of the above-mentioned corridor, for the females. The bath rooms, water closets, and lavatories attached to the main wards are set angularly from the main buildings, a lobby forming ventilating shafts being the means of communication. It is expected that this arrangement will effectually shut off all vitiated air, which is not the case in the Ordinary planned hospitals. A mortuary has since been erected in the grounds. The laying of the corner stone, with grand masonic honours, was followed by a banquet in the Mechanics' Hall, which was largely attended by neighbouring gentlemen, and by numerous lady friends; it was presided over by Earl Fitzwilliam, and was addressed by many distinguished persons present. The entire proceedings were of a character to give the institution a start and position commensurate with its benevolent scope and intrinsic importance. The protracted agitation of this important movement resulted in unmistakably grand achievements. The ceremony of laying the foundation stone took place on the 19th January, 1870. At twelve o'clock most of the shops in the town were closed, and from that hour the people gave themselves up to rejoicing. At a few minutes past one o'clock the procession started from the Mechanics' Hall, accompanied by several bands; and all along the prescribed route the greatest pleasurable excitement was manifested. The bells of the parish church rang merry peals, flags were suspended, and every window from which the procession could be witnessed contributed its quota of spectators. The Freemasons of Rotherham were favoured with the presence of a large number of distinguished brethren from all parts of the county, and there were also visitors from neighbouring counties. In the morning, the Grand Lodge of Yorkshire was held at the Mechanics' Hall, under the banner of the Phoenix Lodge, and there was a large attendance of the brethren of the craft. The Phoenix Lodge was presided over by Brother Parker, and Brothers Perrot and Saville were the wardens. The Right Hon. the Earl de Grey and Ripon, Deputy Grand Master of England and Provincial Grand Master of Yorkshire, occupied the chair, and was supported by Brother Bentley Shaw, Deputy Provincial Grand Master. After the Provincial Grand Lodge had been duly opened and certain business had been transacted, the brethren formed in the order of procession—junior lodges first—some of the lodges being preceded by their banners, the brethren in the clothing, jewels, and collars of their respective ranks. The brethren were marshalled by Brother Major Nelson, the Provincial Grand Lodge Secretary. The procession marshalled by Mr. Superintendent Gillett, moved in the following order: Superintendent Gillett, mounted, with a body of police. Rotherham Volunteer Band. 12th Company of 4th W.Y.R.V., commanded by Captain Harrison and Ensign Harrison. 36th Company of the 4th W.Y.R.V., under the command of Captain Robinson. Board of Health Fire Engine and Brigade. Lodges of South Yorkshire Miners' Association. National Independent Order of Oddfellows, with banner. Parkgate Brass Band. Nearly 500 members of the British United Order of Oddfellows, including the following lodges: —Normansell, Parkgate, Good Samaritan, Havelock, Bentley's Hand of Friendship, Hand of Providence, Milton, and Knight of the Garter, marshalled by Brothers Greaves and Norburn. Whiston Brass Band. Nearly 1,000 members of the Manchester Unity Order of Oddfellows, including the following lodges.—Parkgate, Quarryman’s Pride, Queen Victoria, Fitzwilliam, Star of Providence, Covenant, Bud of Hope, Phoenix, Fountain of Friendship, Good Intent, and Lord Milton, under the leadership of P.G.M. Stother, P.G.M. Seddon, P.G. Purnel, and P.G. Gibbs. 558 - 330th crijam. Wath Brass Band. - About seventy members of Court Rother 2286, of the Ancient Order of Foresters, conducted by P.C.R. Seymour. Rawmarsh Board of Health. Rotherham and Kimberworth Board of Health. Rotherham Board of Guardians. - Grammar School Boys, to the number of forty, in charge of the Rev. J. J. Christie, head master; and Mr. Searle, assistant-master. Students of the Independent College, Masbro', fourteen in number, accompanied by Dr. Falding, principal of the College. Donors and Subscribers. Ministers of Religion. Representatives of Neighbouring Towns. Magistrates. Feoffees. Dispensary Committee. Medical Profession. Hospital Committee. Grafton's Brass Band. - - Freemasons. Rotherham Troop of Yeomanry, under the command of Lieutenant the Hon. H. Fitzwilliam and Cornet Bentley. Police. The number of out and in-patients will very forcibly shew the wisdom of making such an ample provision for otherwise helpless affliction and disabling accident. Abstract of Work since the opening of the Hospital 1872 | 1873 1874 1875 1876 | 1877 1878 ToTAL No. of In-patients received with Governor's recommendation 7 39 46 65 || 56 42 44 299 No. of In-patients received without Governor’s recommenda- tion (accidents and emergencies). e 6 º' e e 63 8I 90 9I I25 II8 88 | 665 No. of Out-patients with recommendation . º e º 518 50I 786 906 || 1340 | 1618 1811 || 748o No. treated at their homes . e & © ſº º g 322 293 334 || 364 37I 391 584 2659 Minor accidents and dental cases o g e º o 283 563 || 466 || 464 || 642 IO43 I268 || 4729 II93 || I477 I73I I890 2534 || 32I2 || 3795 |I5832 The cost of the hospital and grounds is now near ſIo,000. If any estimate could be formed and comprehended of the mass of misery relieved, and of even the money value of bread-winners restored to their families and occupations, this institution would not be struggling with an annual deficit of income; but its ample maintenance would be not only regarded as a duty, but as an oblation holy and acceptable in the sight of heaven. 150gton (Ca3tle amū litotijerijam jará. BosTon hills at the beginning of the present century were crowned with a characteristic irregular grove of weather-beaten pine trees, but the steep, rugged slopes below were bare, excepting patches of underwood and brambles. The operations of quarrying stone gradually brought down the fine, tempest-torn old pines, but as some compensation for after years, the slopes were planted, and now form apparently a flourishing northern wing to Canklow Wood, and are really one of the finest features of modern Rotherham Park. Boston hills owe their name and their distinguishing object, the castle, to the craze, as such like things are called, of a nobleman, and lord of the manor, of whom it is our purpose to give some account. Thomas Earl of Effingham, Deputy Earl Marshal of England, the third of the line, lived at the Holmes, which estate was afterwards sold by him to the Walkers. However his career might be marked by some improvidence, he built for himself and his successors to the peerage, a residence much more conducive to personal comfort 32ntable 33rräſm3, iſlates, amb 3/mportant (Étients. 559 and consistent with patrician dignity at Thundercliffe, called “The Grange,” about four miles from Rotherham. We have before been indebted to Mr. Rhodes,” and now adopt his account of Boston Castle and its noble builder, in its entirety, although it may seem with unwarrantable diffuseness. Mr. Rhodes says: The eminence south of the town, when entirely covered with wood, must have been a grand object; it is now [1823] a naked hill. Its summit is occupied by a heavy square building with embattled parapets, called Boston Castle. The history of the erection of this structure is not entirely devoid of interest, and I am old enough to remember the time when it was built. The occasion of it is closely interwoven with one of the important political events in the reign of his late Majesty, George III., an event which deprived this country of one of its most important possessions, and established the independence of America. The Earl of Effingham, who at this time resided at the Holmes' Hall, a place subsequently converted into a warehouse for packing-boxes, was an officer in the army. To his honest and independent mind, the war in which the country was embarking, was unjust and tyrannical in principle, inexpedient and impolitic. He had but little influence in the State or the country, but in his place in the House of Peers, although unpractised in public speaking, he boldly reprobated the measure in a speech of considerable eloquence and great energy, which made a powerful impression on his hearers. The regiment to which he belonged was ordered to America: it was his ambition to serve his country in a military capacity, but the period had now arrived when he felt it his duty to resign his commission, and relinquish the profession of a soldier, rather than, as he forcibly expressed it, “be involved in the guilt of enslaving his country, and imbruing his hands in the blood of her children.” What this upright and manly soldier said on this occasion is recorded in the parliamentary history of his country, where it may occasionally be recurred to and read with delight; its merit ought to perpetuate its remembrance, and I cannot omit the opportunity now afforded me of endeavouring to make the eloquence of this nobleman more generally known. In a debate in the House of Lords, May 18, 1775, on the memorial of the General Assembly of New York, the Earl of Effingham rose and said: “The turn which this debate has taken makes it unnecessary for me to remark on anything which in the course of it has fallen from any noble lord; but as I wish to call your lordships' attention rather to the subject matter, than to the form and manner of the paper offered to you, I hope I shall stand excused if I treat the latter as trifling when put in competition with the salutary or dreadful effects of admitting or rejecting the means now in your hands of restoring harmony to this distracted empire. What may be the fate of the amendment proposed, I know not; but I fear it is too easily guessed, from the complexion of the House, what will be that of the memorial. I confess I wish to avoid the discussion of our right to such a power as we are contending for; that is to say, a power of taxing a set of subjects who are not represented among us, and who have full power to tax themselves in the ordinary and constitutional manner. Were any particular province among the Americans to refuse grants of money in proportion to others, or to commit any act in abuse of their charters, I think that supreme controlling power, which the province in question allows in its full extent, would give us the charge, “AWe quid detrimenti, res capiat publica.’ And in that case, my lords, almost the whole empire would be united against the wrong-headed few, who would be soon brought to reason. But I am satisfied, that without such necessity, we have no more right to exercise the power of taxation in that country than a Roman dictator had to begin his office with a declaration that his power should be perpetual, and was necessary in the ordinary business of government. - - “Therefore, my lords, whatever has been done by the Americans, I must deem the mere consequence of our unjust demands. They have come to you with fair arguments, you have refused to hear them : they make the most respectful remonstrances, you answer them with bills of pains and penalties: they know they ought to be free,_you tell them they shall be slaves. Is it then a wonder, if they say in despair, ‘for the short remainder of our lives we will be free ?' Is there one among your lordships, who in a situation similar to that which I have described, would not resolve the same P If there should be such a one, I am sure he ought not to be here. To bring the history down to the present scene: here are two armies in presence of each other, —armies of brothers and countrymen;–each dreading the event, yet each feeling that it is in the power of the most trifling accident—a private dispute—a drunken fray in any public-house in Boston—in short, a nothing, to cause a sword to be drawn and to plunge the whole country into all the horrors of blood, flame, and parricide. In this dreadful moment, a set of men more wise and moderate than the rest, exert themselves to bring us all to reason. They state their claims and their grievances; nay, if anything can be proved by law and history, they prove them. They propose oblivion,-they make the first concessions: we treat them with contempt: we * “Yorkshire Scenery,” 1826. 560 330th crijam. prefer poverty, blood, and servitude, to wealth, happiness, and liberty. My lords, I should think myself guilty of offering an insult to your lordships, if I presumed to suppose there was any amongst you who would think of what was expedient, when once it appeared what was just. I might otherwise have adverted to the very formidable armament preparing by Spain; but as that armament ought to have no considerations with your lordships, I shall not suppose it would have any; and for that reason will entirely reject it. What weight these few observations may have, I do not know; but the candour your lordships have indulged me with, requires a confession on my part which may still lessen that weight. I must own I am not personally disinterested. Ever since I was of an age to have any ambition at all, my highest has been to serve my country in a military capacity. If there was on earth an event I dreaded, it was to see this country so situated as to make that profession incompatible with my duty as a citizen. That period is, in my opinion, arrived; and I have thought myself bound to relinquish the hopes I had formed, by a resignation which appeared to me the only method of avoiding the guilt of enslaving my country, and imbruing my hands in the blood of her sons. When the duties of a soldier and a citizen become inconsistent, I shall always think myself obliged to sink the character of the soldier in that of the citizen, till such time as those duties shall again, by the malice of our real enemies, become united. It is no small sacrifice which a man makes who gives up his profession; but it is a much greater, when a predilection, strengthened by habit, has given him so strong an attachment to his profession as I feel. I have however, this one consolation, that by making that sacrifice I at least give to my country an unequivocal proof of the sincerity of my principles.” Boston Castle was built at the commencement of the calamitous contest with America. A tax upon tea, which the government of this country imposed upon its transatlantic subjects, who had full power to tax themselves in a constitutional manner, excited a general spirit of hostility, and ultimately led to the independence of America. The first obstinate battle was fought in the vicinity of Boston. This event gave a name to the shooting-box near Rotherham. When it was first erected, many pleasant parties partook of the hospitality of the noble owner. They were plenteously regaled with wine and punch; but tea, the obnoxious beverage, tea was anathematized and forbidden : even ladies were not permitted to taste it, and, during the residence of the Earl of Effingham at Holmes' Hall, Boston Castle was never defiled by its introduction. The Rev. Mr. Mason, the Rector of Aston, poet, and friend of Gray, the poet, writing to Walpole, says, “You are always telling me of your additional noble authors, and do not mention one worth all the rest of the bunch. I mean my neighbour here, Lord Effingham. Was there ever anything, either ancient or modern, better either in sentiment or language, than his late speech P I have one miserable defect in my constitution, which is, I never could bear but one pint of port at a sitting; a bottle was always too much for me; else I would incontinently introduce myself to his Lordship, by an Ode, and he should be my Pollio. I would hope to be one of his club, at Boston Castle, and try to leap a five-barred gate with his lady. Seriously, it is a pity a man of his integrity and ability should be what he is.” In Lord Rockingham's second administration he was appointed Treasurer of the Household. At the period of the Coalition, Effingham was one of the seceders. Pitt first appointed him Master of the Mint, and Subsequently Governor of Jamaica, in which appointment he died on the I5th March, 1791. Such was this singular, and not uncelebrated nobleman, to whom this eminence owes its name, and the also singular building upon it. We hold the opinion, that at a period like this, when elementary, and even more advanced knowledge is brought within the reach of nearly all, such an instance as that furnished by the nobleman whose life has been briefly sketched, should have a place in our work. The character of one who, under disadvantages unknown now, and who a century ago, occupied a high position in the immediate neighbour- hood, gave evidence of the highest integrity, and of the most self-sacrificing honour, deserves to be reproduced. His ignoble errors, and his chivalrous consistency, courage, and ability, furnish at once a warning and an example, striking and impressive, as afforded by one who gave a local habitation and a name to the place hereafter to be known as “Rotherham Park.” That he was eccentric, and that his conduct was not always consistent with his patrician position, admits of no doubt, but it would seem that these constitutional failings, * This speech of the Earl of Effingham at the commence- ment of the American War has its admirable counterpart in one uttered by King George III. at its termination, in reply to Mr. John Adams, when, in 1784, he was presented at Court as the first Plenipotentiary from the United States of America:— “And, Sir, as I was the last person that consented to the independence of the United States, so I shall be the last person to disturb or in any manner to infringe upon their sovereign independent rights; and I hope and trust that from blood, religion, manners, habits of intercourse, and almost every other consideration, the two nations will continue for ages in friendship and confidence with each other.” These simply eloquent words deserve to be widely known. 320table 13ergong, 3}laces, amt; 3/mportant (Épentº. 56 I which he was too headstrong to restrain, and too heedless to conceal, have become, as is usually the case with popular traditional portraiture, especially relating to rank and station, the prominent and almost exclusive traits of a character entitled to much higher and more correct appreciation. He seems to have had the confidence and to have formed one of the administration of the Marquis of Rockingham, as Treasurer of the Household. He was appointed by Pitt, Master of the Mint; and, subsequently, Governor of Jamaica, where he died. These are associations and appointments very inconsistent and incompatible with undignified habits and evil pursuits, the exaggerated remembrance of which popularly alone SUITV1VeS. As lord of the manor, and when residing at the Grange, out of the London season, he seems, in a practical, business-like manner to have closely identified himself with the public interests of the town. As a Feoffee, we find him directing how the then clothes of the Charity School children should be fashioned, and of what materials they should be made, and at what cost; and as one of a deputation to select, in the Beast Market, the proper site for a new school; as overseer of the poor, sitting at the Old Workhouse, and framing rules for the government of the harshly-treated inmates of that period; and as a member of the Gentleman's Club, one of the heartiest promoters of public rejoicings; and withal, one of the most liberal contributors to public charities. In explanation of undoubted aberrations of conduct damaging his fair fame, may it not be fairly inferred that his eccentricities were owing to the narrow and ill-suited sphere by which his ardent and almost uncontrollable temperament was restricted * That had he had a fair field, in which an active brain and a brave heart could have found scope for their full and healthy exercise, he would, instead of occupying the equivocal position unfortunately assigned to him, have shone as one of the heroic names of our annals, and celebrated as was the Effingham of the Spanish Armada story. That his vehement desire for hard service and distinction, and the strong energy of his nature to brave all danger, and even death, in its attainment, would have left behind him as noble an example of able generalship and undaunted courage in action, as the moral courage evinced by him in his enforced retirement from action, when “the profession of arms became inconsistent with the duty of a citizen.” This attempt to redress in some degree the unstinted and undeserved obloquy under which the memory of one of our neighbouring nobility has hitherto suffered, is influenced by no desire to extenuate the faults or follies of the man, but only to show that under more propitious circumstances a different and more honourable direction might have been given to the misdirected energy from which they arose. We may be wrong, but it seems to us that these “Historic Notices of Rotherham,” where he was, in his day, so well known, and which usually had, for the half part of the year the benefit of his important services as a citizen, is the proper place in which to do this. Proper also in connection with this subject, and under the shadow of these substantial castellated walls, by which he demonstrated the stability of the opinions under which he had acted, although at the cost of what he most desired on earth, active service in his profession as a soldier. $otijerijam jark, THE preceding notice of Thomas, Earl of Effingham may, or may not, be a proper prelude to the subject at which we have arrived, yet we have entire confidence that the subject itself will secure a somewhat unanimous and cordial acceptance. There are many towns where a much larger extent of land has been devoted to, and much more costly and elegant designs elaborated for the praiseworthy purpose of a park, but we doubt if there are many places where greater advantages of situation and salubrity are secured than on Boston Hill. At an elevation of some three hundred feet above the town, and four hundred feet above the sea level, this lofty eminence commands on all sides, views of very great diversity as regards the scenery, and very varied interest as regards the objects, antiquarian, architectural, 71 562 330th crijam. and memorial, which present themselves. Looking directly westward, the valley of the Rother lies immediately below, a slow and sinuous stream at this point, but flowing amidst fields which it so fertilizes and beautifies as to be lovingly and appropriately celebrated by Ebenezer Elliott, whom we may call its own poet, and whose verses, amongst others, entitled “Don and Rother,” for truth, tenderness, and, alas! also for the mournful wailings of a wounded spirit, have rarely been surpassed. The valley, until lately, has continued to wear much the same aspect of quiet beauty as when sung in Ebenezer Elliott's impassioned strain : “Don — lies blue below, And Wincobank, before me, rising green, Calls from the south the silver Rother's flow ; And Smiles on moors boyond, and meads between ; Unrivall'd landscape.” The railway that ran through had brought little change, but now the collieries and ironworks which are settling down upon it, will soon give to it the murkiness and manu- facturing character of the confluent streams, running their dark and troubled course below. Beyond, Sheffield lifts over its vast and varied industries, a cloudy canopy, through which “Light, as with a cloud of glory, veils The Peak and all his marvels.” Southward, spreads a fertile tract of country, bounded by Laughton-en-le-Morthen church spire; but it is westward that the scope widens, and the interest intensifies. The Holmes, when the Hall was standing, was the residence of the celebrated Jane Bickerton, the wife of the sixth Duke of Norfolk. After her death, Thomas, third Earl of Effingham, resided there. To his memory we have endeavoured to do tardy justice, and of him we may yet add, that his selection of this then lofty and wooded eminence as the site of his hunting lodge, if such it was, was an evidence that he could admire and appreciate “The pomp of groves, and garniture of fields,” as then displayed from this spot, in all their unsmirched beauty. Beyond the Holmes, Wincobank Hill rears its historic height, eminent, certainly, for “the works provided for the native Brigantes, who were appointed eighteen hundred years since to dispute the fords of Templebrough and Mexbrough against the Roman legions.” . From thence the Roman rig or road from there to Mexbrough was traversed, if not constructed, by the Conquerors of the World, whose invincible phalanxes at last dislodged the brave Brigantes from this, one of their last hard-contested strongholds. Sweeping to the right, Kimberworth and its church meet the eye. Onward some two miles, but not seen from this point, the monks of Kirkstead, some six hundred or seven hundred years ago, worked their primitive bloomaries near here. A Doric pillar, called Keppel's Column, towers with proud prominence over the giant oaks by which it is surrounded; it was erected by the Marquis of Rockingham and Earl Fitzwilliam in honour of the acquittal of their friend, the celebrated Admiral of that name, and whose acquittal seemed to have been the occasion of a national rejoicing. And among the dark waving woods which crown these ranges of park and pleasaunce, Wentworth House lifts its palatial pile, gleaming in the sun, like the princely home of some potential peer of the land, which it is—and more—that of a good neighbour and true gentleman. These are some of the objects which meet the gaze from this stand-point of Rotherham Park, and certainly it would not be easy to find a spot from which a more rare or remarkable intermingling of scenes of great natural beauty, old-world memories, or objects of present and every-day interest could be found. But nearer at hand, and in this direction, there is yet another picture, a spacious amphitheatre, framed on every side but one, by wood-crowned hills, dotted all over by elegant mansions, pierced by navigable rivers and iron roads, and, oh, how filled by human habitations and animated by human life. A large space, but taken in at one glance, where within the present century fifty tall chimneys have lifted their heads aloft, where but one was before known; and significantly prominent, the grand old church 32ntable 33rrãong, 3}lates, amt; 3/mportant (ºbentg. 563 lifts its beautiful spire heavenward, high over all. There is one more feature, last, but not least, in this catalogue of concurrent advantages; the fine forest contiguity of Canklow Wood, which, with its fine sea-like murmur of waving boughs, and spring-tide carpeting of hyacinthine beauty and “As wave on Canklow's forehead fair, The autumnal maple's locks of gold,” offering with the varying seasons, its neighbourly tribute of pleasant changes. “Sweet flowers, remembered well, your hues, your breath, Call up the dead, to combat still with death ! The spirits of our buried years arise ! Again a child, where childhood roved, we run; While groups of speedwell with their deep blue eyes, Like happy children, slumber in the sun.” ELLIoTT. Such is a rapid glance at the surroundings of the peculiar and pleasant look-out presented on every hand. The extent of Rotherham Park is over twenty acres, about half of which is planted; it is girded eastward by lofty rocks, from which the stone has been quarried, and where “Capability Brown’’ would have found great resources for effective landscape picturesqueness. The natural beauty of the place required little in the way of design in its laying out, and although a premium of £25 was given for one, it was dispensed with, and a little amateur skill, and the ability of Mr. Albiston, the park keeper, were found sufficient. - On this part of the park ample scope is found for croquet grounds, surrounded by the umbrageous shelter of the trees. The adjoining grass fields are admirably adapted for the more athletic games, which happily so much interest and invigorate the present generation. Cricket and football there find appropriate space for their hearty exercise. A warm tribute of respect and regard is due to the present Earl of Effingham for the readiness and liberality with which he has placed this prizeable property at the service of the Corporation, for the benefit of the working population of the district. Regret must be felt that Lord Effingham is not now resident here, that he is not now seen on the Sabbath, as was his wont, in the Church which his munificence has so recently adorned. Regret is also felt that the local suzerainty (but this only by some) once exercised by the Earls of Effingham as lords of the manor, with all its important privileges of holding court-leet, empanelling solemn juries, appointing high semi-civic authorities, of great weight and dignity, such as will be no more known and reverenced in these enlightened times. The park was opened with great eclat on Tuesday, July 4th, 1876, under the following programme: I. Band to leave the College Yard, at one o'clock. 2. Carriages to be at the Corporation Offices at I-45, for invited guests; the Mayor to meet them. 3. Mayor and Corporation receive guests at the Castle. 4. Then form procession with band to beat the bounds; Mr. Guest being commanding officer. Four abreast. The Mayor and Mayoress. Aldermen, Councillors, Corporation Officials, &c. 5. The Chairman of the Committee then resigns, and the Mayor declares the Rotherham Park open. The Luncheon at 3 p.m. - TOASTS.–The Mayor will give “The Queen.” The Mayor: “The Prince and Princess of Wales and rest of the Royal Family.” Alderman Guest: “The Earl of Effingham,” coupled with the name of the Hon. and Rev. William Howard. * Alderman Harrison : “The Neighbouring Mayors and the Master Cutler, who have honoured us with their Company,” one of whom will respond and give the “Mayor of Rotherham.” …” The Mayor: “The Visitors,” coupling the name of M. J. Ellison, Esq. M. J. Ellison, Esq., will reply, and give “the Town and Trade of Rotherham,” coupling with it the name of G. W. Chambers, Esq. Councillor Morgan : “The Greave of the Feoffees.” T. W. Badger, Esq.; “The Ladies.” 564 330th crijam. The park was opened on the centenary of the year of the Declaration of American Independence, which, singularly enough, Thomas, Earl of Effingham, had commemorated at the period when it took place, by the building of Boston Castle. In the words of the local organ, “Rotherham was en fête on Tuesday. The weather was brilliant, and the inhabitants were resolved upon a holiday. Business was suspended, shops were closed, and old and young were determined to celebrate an event of no mean importance, with heartiness, if not enthusiasm. There has rarely been so much unanimity amongst all classes as was displayed on this occasion. * º: The arrangements for the opening ceremony worked smoothly enough, though they were in no respect elaborate. Simplicity is essential to success in these undertakings, and with that idea the preparations seem to have been conceived. When preliminaries were arranged (at the park) a procession was marshalled under the direction of Mr. Gillett, the Superintendent of the Constabulary. First came a number of sergeants of police, then the Volunteer Band. Next, Alderman and Mrs. Guest, the Mayor and Mayoress, followed by the Mayors of Doncaster, Sheffield, and Barnsley, the Master Cutler of Sheffield, and other invited guests, the members of the Corporation, Mr. Whitfield, the town clerk, and other officials, a number of the original Recreation Ground Committee, and the burgesses bringing up the rear. Mr. Guest was, according to the programme, ‘the commanding officer.’ The procession then beat the bounds of the park, or in other words made a circuit of the principal walks, for the purpose of inspection, after which addresses were delivered, Mr. Guest handing over the park to the Mayor, and the Mayor declaring the park open for the use of the public. The luncheon took place in a spacious marquee, where covers were laid for a hundred guests, and the usual routine of congratulatory addresses delivered. The proceedings, as related to the vast crowd of persons present, were of the most enjoyable and orderly character, and it was a day which will be long remembered.” Boston Castle. isºft|OTHERHAM is built on the lower slopes of a wide range of undulating hills, which surround it amphitheatrically on nearly three sides, at the foot of which the confluent streams of the Don and Rother form a fine and generally freely flowing river. A rich porous soil, overlaying the newer red sand rock, and that for a considerable part of the area by its ; : \ºil own singular red rock: a soil which is well cultivated, and partakes of the $ººl fruitfulness of a garden, with abundant springs, once as pure as liquid crystal; the streets of the town too, swept by the fresh breezes from the surrounding hills, all indicate the conditions of a naturally healthful site. Notwithstanding which, in consequence of a petition from the inhabitants of Rother- ham and Kimberworth, in 1850 an enquiry was instituted under William Lee, Esq., C.E., one of the Superintending Inspectors of the General Board of Health, when it was found that the rate of mortality was for Rotherham 26:8, and for Kimberworth 24: I ; whilst the registration district of Rotherham was but 199. The evidence adduced could but excite astonishment that this great annual sacrifice of human life had not been greater. It was shewn that many of the cellars of the lower parts of the town, both east and west, were seldom free from stagnant water. - . The following illustration shews the bottom of the High Street, Wellgate, and College Street. The corner house on the left hand of High Street is the one of which Mr. Hopper deposed as follows: ºf sº * & Pºº º \ º 3) º g #" º | º Ç º 3/ſ: & º º: ºf::: ſº ‘. . C -> º [2 s & tº I have been practising in Rotherham as a Surgeon six years, and keep an apothecary and druggist shop. I have my cellar filled with water, the results of a flood. The floor of the cellar is probably six feet deep, and has about two feet of water now. * * It has injured me to the extent of £50. * * This is the second serious loss I have had from the same cause; but on the score of health, I imagine it injures me more than in any other respect. I attribute to the unhealthy locality and bad drainage a serious attack of fever we had in the house. It was fever of a typhoid character. Mr. Heseltine, the occupier of the next house above, said: I am resident manager of the Sheffield and Rotherham Banking Company. For want of drainage I am obliged to have my cellar pumped, I should say six or seven times a day. The pump has been going four times to-day, and when there is any rain we have four feet deep in the cellar. Servants have frequently been obliged to leave the premises from fever. We have had much fever in the family. A better system of drainage would be a great blessing to us. Similar statements were made respecting Westgate, Bridgegate, and Masbrough. 566 330th crijam. The evidence given on all other matters connected with the unsanitary state of the town, as related to percolation of filth through subsoils, to the situation of privies and drainage of their filth, to the state of lodging-houses, &c., was of a startling and often repulsive character, and is only now adverted to as shewing the urgent, nay, even deplorable necessity that existed in all these respects for the adoption of the Public Health Act, under a Local Board of Health. MC A provisional order for the application of the Public Health Act was issued on the 2nd February, 1852, and on July 20th the Act was put in force throughout the entire district of Rotherham and Kimberworth. A Board of Health was elected, consisting of Messrs. R. J. Bentley, James Hodgson, John Kerr, Thomas Turner, John Guest, George Haywood, for Rotherham; for Kimberworth, Messrs. Micah Barber, George Brown, James Yates, George Shaw, William Beatson, John Spencer; and for Brinsworth," Mr. J. Hayward, - - | -- - - Nº N. Wheathill, and Mr. J. Waring, Howarth Hall. 11th August, 1852. Mr. John Booth, builder, was appointed surveyor, and Mr. John Barras, clerk. A complete system of sewage and drainage had early attention, and, in December, Mr. Lee was asked to “give such directions as are necessary for the earliest commencement and completion of the main outlet sewers, followed by the complete sewerage and drainage of Rotherham and Masbrough, at a cost of £21,221.” As may readily be understood, the carrying out of these important and expensive works caused great disturbance of the streets and ordinary occupations, consequently, great and frequent dissatisfaction, and even fierce opposition had to be encountered. This was especially the case when house drainage, which followed main sewerage, had to be enforced, -72. =- The Board met for the first time on the * It will not be generally known that this was not the first Board of Health. Exactly twenty years before (1832) the visitation of the cholera called for preventive measures being adopted. After many preliminary meetings had been held, on the 16th August, it was resolved: “That the present meeting recognizes the Board of Health, as now constituted, by an Order of the Lords of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and do hereby authorise the Board of Health to apply for the estimated sum of £300, to enable them to carry into effect, &c.” At a following meeting it appears our present park narrowly escaped being the burial ground for cholera victims. A letter was read from Michael Ellison, chief steward to Lord Howard of Effingham, stating, “That his lordship was quite ready to accede to the wishes of the Board of Health to grant a piece of land upon Boston Hill, for the interment of such persons as die of cholera, without any rent being paid for it.” This was gratefully accepted. Fortunately, it was at a subsequent meeting resolved: “That a prejudice appearing to exist in the town that the proposed interments on Boston Hill might affect the water * * * * it is determined that one of the fields, now in the occupation of - - - in Rotherham Fields, be the burial ground for cholera patients dying of the disease, in conformity with the Orders in Council.” Thus it would seem our beautiful park very narrowly escaped being devoted to a much more sad and solemn purpose. The prejudice entertained in 1832 seems to have subsided in 1842, in which year the Rotherham General Cemetery was established by a company of shareholders, and three acres of land in Boston Castle Lane tastefully laid out and enclosed, with neat chapel and lodge entrance. In 1854, upon the closing of the churchyard, which had become an unbearable abomination, the Burial Board was formed, and the cemetery purchased, which now occupies seven acres of ground, carefully kept, ornamentally planted, and well supplied with handsome iron seats. The fine view from the elevated grounds over the extensive course of country is one not often surpassed. . 33 otherham umber 13 epresentatiſt 33 ult. 567 and the cost charged upon the owners of the property drained. Notwithstanding that there was a provision for extending payment for private drainage for a number of years, there can be no doubt but that a serious charge like that involved in these cases, where the property was unremunerative, or where the rental of it was the main source of the maintenance of the owner, inflicted hardships which gave rise to complaints loud and long, from all parts of the district, especially as no commensurate advantage could be then recognised. But a vast sanitary advantage, and an indispensable protection from the excessive mortality which had prevailed, had to be secured, although it might be in some cases at the cost of personal privation and temporary embarrassment. Discontent was unwisely fomented, divisions ensued, and the state of affairs was so dismal and dishonouring as to render an enforced recurrence to them humiliating. This was surmounted, and the wise measures which had been taken to place the district in a sanitary condition, and to secure for it an abundant water supply, resulted, in conjunction with other favourable causes, in the setting in of a floodtide of industrial progress, and of unprecedented prosperity. This raised a small market town into the head of an important and influential borough, which at the present time is asking for, and showing undeniable pretension to direct representation in Parliament. An account of this progress, and of the magnitude of its several undertakings and acquisitions, follows. After the difficulties surmounted in completing the main sewerage and house drainage, which, in respect of the main sewerage, were sometimes very formidable, the waterworks claim attention; but a brief recapitulation corroborative of the statement as to the progress made under the Board of Health may be first given. In 1851, the population of Rotherham and Kimberworth was 13,242; in 1871, 25,079; and upwards of fifty new streets, measuring about seven miles long, were approved by the Board of Health from 1851 to 1871, with the corresponding increase in lighting and other improvements. So that to the operations of the Board of Health may be justly attributed the credit of promoting the primal conditions, and of giving the town of Rotherham the first onward impulse on the career of progress and prosperity, and which under the dark cloud of commercial depression, which now disastrously rests on most of the industries of all nations is not altogether restrained. An account of the waterworks now follows, and in a more copious form, corresponding with the important character they assume amongst the achievements of representative rule successfully accomplished. - The Wellgate Springs, as the first and affluent supply of water to the ancient town, have a sort of honoured ancestry, and are pleasantly described by Ebenezer Rhodes in his “Yorkshire Scenery.” He, like Ebenezer Elliott, was one whom we feel it an honour to connect with this place, having been born at the Holmes. In the work mentioned, he says: As we left Rotherham, we passed through the street called Wellgate, so called from a succession of wells that run along the road side, furnishing copious supplies of water for the use of the inhabitants, and the accommodation of travellers. No town in England is better supplied with excellent water than Rotherham. It is situated where a stratum of soft red sandstone, on which the town is built, rests upon a bed of clay. The water percolates through the rock, and the clay below holds it in wells and hollows, or throws it out in streams of abundance through all the lower parts of the town. The inhabitants are justly proud of their wells of water. Their play and sparkle are perhaps unnoticed by them, but they know their usefulness, and they prize them accordingly. People in all ages and in all countries have done the same; wherever they flow their bounty seems spontaneous, and their blessing is felt. The ancients in many parts of the world venerated the cradles of their fountains, and annually honoured them with festivals and ceremonies. * * * * The attachment which people in all countries have manifested to wells and fountains, and the honours paid them, had not their origin in Superstitious notions; no they were the pure ebullition of grateful feeling for benefits received. We are indebted to Mr. John Clark, who was for thirty-six years master of the Feoffees’ School, for an account of the changes which took place in disposing of this earliest and grandest natural water supply to the town. He was the principal land surveyor of the district at that period, and was engaged in, or conversant with, most of the public matters and subjects connected with the town; some account of these he left behind in MS. intended for publication. Of Wellgate Springs, he says: 568 330th crijam. Rotherham is a very highly-favoured town, blessed with her pellucid springs of pure water. They originate at the top of the valley, in the parish of Whiston, on the west side of the Broom Estate, and in running down the valley the water is impeded by several ponds, which are good feeders to the springs. The waters then are filtered to a great depth in the bowels of very thick beds of grey grit stone (leaving only a small brook on the surface of the ground) until it reaches Wellgate, where it issues up nearly in the middle of the street in many places near each other. The springs, before they were collected, were a very pleasant and handsome sight to see, the clean Sand dancing in all directions in water as clear as crystal. In 1730 the brook from above running down the street, on reaching the springs united their waters, and made a small rivulet which ran upon the surface through the middle of Wellgate, Jesus-gate, and Bridgegate, to the river Don at the bridge. In 1750 the bottom of the High Street, and the streets of Jesus-gate and Bridge-gate were drained, and the stream ran underground. In 1791 Wellgate was drained by a deep aqueduct on the west side, and on the 31st May of that year the springs were dammed round to try at what height a spout could be fixed to supply the wants of the town, and let the overplus water run into the main shore. It was computed that more than one hundred thousand gallons were issued up in less than an hour, and ran into the houses of William Goldsbrough and Samuel Jenkinson, more than five feet above the old well troughs. - It would seem that the “pleasant and handsome sight” of the sparkling water of the stream had its drawback. It had to be reached by rude, stone steps, and the irregularities of the loose banks made the contracted roadway at times almost impassable for traffic. December 31st, 1790, at a meeting of the feoffees, it was resolved: That the greaves be desired to consult with proper persons what is fittest to be done with the wells, in Wellgate, so as to accommodate both the inhabitants and the street, and that they make their report at the quarterly meeting. - April 1st, 1791, it was resolved: That Messrs. William Yates and J. Thomson give their opinion as to the mode of conveying water from Wellgate Well, so as to accommodate in the best manner possible, and that they produce an estimate attending such alterations, on Friday, the 8th instant, at ten o'clock in the forenoon. At a public meeting of the feoffees, churchwardens, overseers of the poor, and principal inhabitants, held at the Town Hall, it was resolved: That Wellgate should be filled up, and raised to the height of the causeway, and that the town should be at the expense of the team work for leading the rubbish and making the road. And that the feoffees would be at the expense of the inclosing the springs by Ashlar stone walls, with stone covers, and made air-tight. Mr. Jacob Boomer, the greave of the feoffees, let the mason work to John Earnshaw, and in a little time the water gushed out through the metal pipes two feet higher than the floors of the houses on that side of the street, and thus saving the trouble of walking down six stone steps to the ancient well-troughs from both sides of the street. It was a time of great rejoicing in the town, and in Wellgate, to see the horses and carriages travelling upon a good level road, which a little time before they saw wading in the brook, often a foot deep in Sand, mud, and water. No mention is made at the public meeting, or in the feoffees’ accounts, of the estimate that was asked for; but as follows is an account of charges for the work done for what are called . Expenses in alterations in Wellgate. # S. d. I792. Hearnshaw and Plant (masons) . 9I I 2 James Ross (mason) * 25 7 6 Messrs. Johnson (plumbers). II6 6. I Joseph Raby (for carting) 22 I7 O Mr. William Barnsley's bill . I 4 9 Mr. Moxon's bill . e 3 IZ 8 Mr. Deakin's bill for lime 3 I2 3 Messrs. Walker and Co. I O II John Thomson, Sheffield, his charge for ordering and looking after the work. º * : • • tº † : e &e e * º & To expenses on examining bills Mr. John Thomson for sundries . To Hannah Yate's bill I : I 6 i :6285 II 33 otherham umber 33 ept tº entatiº e 33 uſe. 569 The foregoing account affords a clear and very interesting view of the state and appearance of three of the principal streets of the town at the period to which it relates, and the manner, for instance, in which Bridge-Gate is written, is warranted by there having subsisted both gate and gate-house at the foot of the bridge. The gate-house stood on the north side of the bridge foot, and was the larger one of several old cottage houses running northwards; in the middle of them was an open “jennel,” or covered way, leading down to the river side to the deep pool, at which was fixed the cuckstool;-a large joiner's or wheelwright's shop formed one of the buildings, and in front of them was a large open space, called the woodyard. The north end of this open space was garden ground, abutting upon the college leys, and on the upper side of it was a very high and massive wall, several feet thick, which enclosed the lower or west end of the college gardens. A stable and cottage house, abutting upon the “Red Bear,” fronted the Street. - These extraneous observations and descriptions seem somehow to arise out of the subject treated of, and are needed to give a clear impression of the character and condition of the well-to-do and peculiarly-favoured little market town of that period. Whilst on this pleasant topic of wells and springs, several others which had, from time immemorial, been bubbling up, and giving beauty and a bounteous water supply to almost every part of the town may be mentioned, and then the pleasant aqueous theme may be disposed of. And very famous in its day was Santony Well. This was the popular name of St. Anne's Well, at Eastwood, a free and ever-flowing, copious spring, forming a bright stream which bounded a portion of the low side of St. Anne's Hill, where the bowmen of that period exercised at the butts, and which must have been just the beverage for giving a clear eye and firm hand. • The archstone of this ancient holy well, bearing date 1596, has been lately presented by T. W. Badger, Esq., M.A., to the town, as one of its honoured relics, and as such, has found its appropriate place in the park. With the park, the people also possess another inestimable boon in one of the grandest gushes of water in the district, and which constitutes at the same time one of its finest ornaments. It has its historic value, in its early repute of being adjacent to the ancient racecourse on Rotherham Moor, and more recently of the bowling green, which was the well-frequented and favourite recreation ground of our fine old forefathers of the beginning of the present century. These were the outlying springs. The well of most especial note and sacred name was ſimily ºrll, standing in such high repute for its purity and exquisite flavour, eighty to ninety years since, as to draw votaries from the neighbouring town of Sheffield, and from other places, to Rotherham, to enjoy the drinking of its sparkling water; but, it must be admitted, not to enjoy it unmixed— it was not its crystalline purity, but its celebrated mixing qualities to which this questionable honour was paid. And strangely enough, and at this day it is a mystery, it was ascribed to this excellent quality of the water, that Rotherham, early in the present century, attained a remarkable and very profitable pre-eminence in the wine and spirit trade, not only in the immediate district, but in Manchester, and in the other large manufacturing towns in Lancashire. The great dilapidation and consequent contamination to which this famous well had been for many years exposed, unsaved by the sacred name given to it by its early constructors of the “old faith,” who in such wise evinced their appreciation of, and thankfulness for, such natural blessings, brought it into disuse; and after years of neglect, the erection of the new market hall brought to destruction ſmillr ºrll. It may be incidentally noticed that this locality has once known several large business establishments which have now passed away. The glass works, carried on by Mr. Barge; the stove-grate works and foundry, carried on by Kirk and Kidgill, afterwards by Yates, Haywood and Co.; and the brass works, more lately carried on by Guest and Chrimes; to be followed by the removal of a cluster of public houses, “The Royal Oak,” “The Nag's Head,” and “The Blue Bell,” the latter supposed to be ancient enough to have entertained “drunken Barnaby” in 1606; and, besides these, a jumble of unsightly and unsavoury cottage dwellings, the removal of which effects a long required and unmistakeably good riddance. - 72 570 sº. 33 otherham. Little more remains to be said of the bountiful, and for that day, convenient and constant water supply with which the feoffees endeavoured to accommodate the town, at the serious cost stated. This was effected by fixing a spout, for household supply in Wellgate, at the head of a long row of troughs to supply cattle. But the central or principal spout for the supply of the greater part of the town, abutted upon the external wall of a broad flight of stone steps leading up to the town hall, in an open space opposite the entrance to the college yard. From this spout, for twenty years, was poured out a gush of sparkling water, day and night, beautiful, bright, fresh, and free. From this central supply it had to be fetched by the servant girls of the place, principally in kits, carried jauntily on their heads; but it was something more than the water supply, it was also the telegraph station of the town, in the rude and unscientific development of it at that period. Numbers of smart and buxom lasses, in their short striped bedgowns, with their short sleeves, and red round arms, met together there from all parts of the town, and, of course, communicated to each other (in perfect confidence) all the odds and ends of family joys or jars of their several homes, so that all the small gossip of a small market town was then and there exchanged, and in less time than the telegraph of the present day could do it, transmitted to all parts of the town, with such embellishments as were likely to make it most acceptable. This peculiar twofold provision and privilege was doomed to come to an end, the march of improvement was steady if slow, and after several very limited but still abortive attempts at promoting a different mode of water supply to dwelling-houses, in 1827 the Water Company was established by eighty shares of £25 per share. The estimation of £2,000 proved insufficient, and the subscribers sunk the rents a considerable time into the stock to make up the deficiency. Their first commencement was to make a large reservoir on the east side of Wellgate, fifty yards long, eight feet deep, and seven feet wide, which, when it came near the original springs, filled in two hours. - By the aid of an engine and two reservoirs, the one on the north side of Quarry Hill, and the other at the Beast Market, the town, by means of metal pipes, was supplied with this precious water at a very moderate price. This was succeeded by a thirty-horse engine, but the principal part of the power was let off to Chrimes Brothers, and others. In 1853, the intrusive Board of Health addressed to this Water Company—it must have been in a spirit of grim humour—a requisition that the said company should forthwith supply the town with 87,600,000 gallons a year, or at the rate of twenty gallons per head per day for the then number of the inhabitants. This brought matters to a crisis, and in the same year the waterworks passed into the hands of the Board of Health for £2,400. But this was a fancy price for the works. It was represented that the principal part of the shares were held by old ladies and others, whose income mainly depended upon their dividend. The Board of Health, with a breadth of liberality not too often evinced, listened to the appeal in their favour. After the purchase of the works was completed, several sums of money were expended in boring, and other means were adopted for the purpose of improving the supply from the Wellgate Springs, and other auxiliary sources; but the supply being still found inadequate for the requirements of the district, the Local Board instructed Messrs. Lee and Stevenson, civil engineers, to prepare plans and specifications for the construction of new waterworks. Consequently, in December, 1853, advertisements were issued for tenders for two engines, and also for socket cast iron pipes for water mains. - In January, 1854, the tender of Messrs. Beecroft, Butler, and Co., of Kirkstall Forge, near Leeds, for the supply of two engines, &c., for the sum of £4,350, was accepted; that of Messrs. Barrow and Co., of Staveley, for the pipes; and that of Messrs. Tomlinson and Harper for the laying of the pipes. In May, 1854, tenders were advertised for the construction of a retaining tank on the site of the pumping station, in the college fields; also for a service reservoir, near the Boston Castle; and for a service reservoir at Kimberworth. The tender of Messrs. Ripley and James, of Rotherham, was accepted for the construction of a covered reservoir at Boston Castle, of the capacity of 750,000 gallons; and for a covered reservoir at Kimber- worth, of the capacity of 30,000 gallons; as also for a retaining tank, also covered, of the 3&nth crijam umber 33 c presentating 33 ule. 57 I capacity of 200,000 gallons, for the sum of £2,789 3s. 3d. Mr. William McLandsborough was appointed the clerk of works. In August, 1854, tenders were received for the erection of the engine-house, boiler- house and chimney, and engineer's house; and the tender of Messrs. Freeman and Sons, of Ely, was accepted for £3,484 12s. 9d. The buildings are built in brick, with part stone, and part cement dressings. The chimney is a very fine one, having a base I 5 feet square by 40 feet high, surmounted with a fine octagonal shaft and ornamental stone cap. The total height from the surface is 175 feet. In the early part of February, 1855, Messrs. Beecroft and Co. commenced the erection of the engines, which are fine, strong built, and of improved construction, and of the description designated beam rotating condensing engines of forty-horse power each. The engines were completed and started in August, and the new mains were charged with water, and water was also pumped into the service reservoir, for the first time, at Boston Castle. From the time that the new works were opened, the old water works gradually sank into disuse, and henceforth the inhabitants of Rotherham, Masbrough, and Kimberworth, shared equally in the water supply yielded by the Wellgate Springs, although the yield was only equal to about five or six hours per day's supply. The above limited supply of water was continued for some years, until the demand for a more abundant supply became so urgent that the Local Board determined upon applying to Parliament for increased power to buy land, construct new works, and extend the water supply. In the year 1862, the late Mr. John Lawson, C.E., was instructed by the Local Board to report upon the then existing works of water supply of the town, with suggestions as to their extension. Mr. Lawson's report was made in October of the same year, and resulted in a recommendation of the Pinch Mill Spring and the Ulley Brook, on the south-east of the town; and of the Aldwark Spring and Dalton Brook on the north-east of the town as additional sources of supply. These proposals were so far adopted that plans were deposited in the autumn of 1862, and a bill was promoted in Parliament for an Act authorising the carrying out of the works recommended. In the Session of 1863 this bill was considered by committees of the two Houses of Parliament, and was opposed by the Corporation of Doncaster, but finally received the Royal Assent on the 13th of July in the same year. - In April, 1864, the Local Board, after discussing at various times one or two alternative schemes, gave instructions to Mr. Lawson to prepare for the construction of works at Ulley and Whiston, and of a main pipe to convey these waters to the pumping station in the town. These works were intended to utilise the Pinch Mill Spring, and the natural flow of the Ulley Brook, that is to say, the flood waters were not to be impounded. It was considered that the time had not yet arrived when the construction of the Ulley reservoir was necessary. A pipe eight inches in diameter was therefore laid to convey the water of the Pinch Mill Spring to a reservoir in Whiston meadows. Near Packman's Bridge, over the Ulley Brook, filter beds were built, and a pipe twelve inches diameter was laid to convey the water of this brook, after filtration, to the same reservoir. These Ulley filters are two in number, and have an aggregate sand area of 746 square yards, and at the usual rate of filtration, are capable of passing 402,840 gallons in twenty-four hours. - The reservoir in Whiston meadows is open, being 131 feet diameter at the top water surface, is eight feet deep, and contains 800,000 gallons. The main pipe conveying the water from this reservoir to the pumping station, is of iron, twelve inches diameter, and about two and three quarter miles in length. These works were commenced in the autumn of 1864, and were completed in about two years; and by their means the supply of water to the town was increased by a quantity varying from 300,000 to 700,000 gallons per day according to the rainfall. Towards the end of 1869 the Local Board determined that the time was approaching when the Ulley Brook district ought to be fully utilised by the construction of the storage reservoir, for which powers had been obtained in 1863, and Mr. Lawson was therefore instructed to put in hand the necessary plans. After some considerable delay, these works were finally let, in the summer of 1871, to Messrs. Logan and Hemingway, and the 572 - łłotijerijam. reservoir was completed in the spring of 1874. The water area of this reservoir is thirty acres, with a capacity of nearly 150,000,000 gallons. The embankment is about 230 yards in length, and the greatest depth from top bank to the bottom of the puddle trench is seventy-three feet. In the course of construction, it was found absolutely necessary to carry down the puddle wall, especially in the sides of the valley, considerably deeper than had been anticipated, owing to the open, broken, and fissured character of the rock in which the trench was excavated. The usual difficulties attendant upon similar works were met with, but they were successfully overcome, and the reservoir was filled in the course of the year following its completion. The watershed area above this reservoir is about 2,200 acres. The average annual rainfall is about twenty-five inches, but in times of great drought it has come down to two-thirds of this average. The total area of land purchased is forty-five acres, and the whole is enclosed by a substantial stone wall, nearly three miles in length. The cost of this reservoir, exclusive of that of the land, was about £37,390. The water is drawn from the reservoir by means of a fifteen-inch iron pipe, laid in a tunnel round the northern end of the bank. Before it is delivered into the filter beds, it passes over a small water wheel which drives a pair of small pumps to lift water for the supply of the keeper's house, and for the fields cut off from the streams by the construction of the reservoir. At each end of the bank there is an overflow twenty feet in length, and a stepped bye-wash for carrying off surplus water into the Ulley brook below the bank, and a little above Packman's bridge. - The reservoir has two arms, one formed by the backing up of the water in the Morthen valley, and the other by a similar backing up in the Ulley valley. Along each of these arms there is a flood-water channel, by means of which, in times of fiood, coloured water may be diverted into the brook below the bank without passing into the reservoir. Over the Morthen branch the public road to Ulley is carried by a masonry viaduct of four arches of forty-five feet span, and by this means the road, although slightly increased in length, has been considerably improved in gradient. As this reservoir is not at a sufficient elevation adequately to supply the town by gravitation, the water is delivered at the original pumping station before described, and is thence pumped into the service reservoirs at Boston Castle and Kimberworth; it is thence distributed by the various mains throughout the town. In addition to these Ulley and Whiston Works, which are situated three or four miles to the south east of the town, the Corporation obtained powers, by the Act of 1863, over a watershed area of nearly 1,200 acres two or three miles to the east of the town. As the water from this source has not up to this time been required, the construction of the works has been delayed. In the Session of 1873 the Corporation of Doncaster sought to acquire the power to appropriate about one-half of this watershed area for their own purposes, and although at this date the period for the completion of the works by the Rotherham Corporation had not expired, the Committee of the House of Commons thought fit to pass the Doncaster Bill. In the House of Lords, however, the late town clerk, Mr. Whitfield, being put upon his mettle, mustered all his forces, and successfully opposed this invasion of territory by Doncaster, by defeating their bill, so far as this part of it was concerned. In the Session of 1877, the Corporation sought and obtained powers extending the time for the completion of the works authorised in 1863 to 1887. Already, however, the filter-beds on Dalton Brook have been constructed, and a main has been laid, capable of conveying the water to the north-eastern boundary of the borough, near Aldwark. These filter-beds are three in number, have an aggregate sand area of 1,085 yards, and are capable of filtering 585,900 gallons in twenty-four hours. A beautiful spring, known as the Aldwark spring, and yielding about 60,000 gallons per day, is turned into the main pipe, provision having been made for supplying a certain proportion of its water for use at Aldwark Hall. 33 oth crijam unt ºr 33 ep regentatiº & Häuſe. 573 Notwithstanding the serious outlay involved in the carrying down of the puddle wall to such an unusual depth, and in Parliamentary expenses incurred in opposing the claims set up by the Corporation of Doncaster, Rotherham is to be congratulated on having secured an ample supply of excellent water in anticipation of a largely increased demand for it in the district, at a much less cost than is incurred in most other places. The present outlay amounts to £120,960, and the gross but increasing revenue derived from it is £6,191, including the supply to Rawmarsh. This amount is inclusive of £10,900, for about forty acres of land purchased at Dalton, for future purposes. The growing importance and commercial prosperity of the town, seemed to suggest that the time had arrived when an effort should be made to obtain a Charter of Incorporation, and with this object in view, a large and enthusiastic public meeting was held in the Court House on the 22nd September, 1870, which was addressed by gentlemen who had always shown an active interest in everything which concerns the welfare of the town. After addresses had been delivered by the Chairman of the Local Board (Mr. J. M. Habershon) and Mr. Whitfield, Mr. Guest moved the following resolution :- That in the opinion of this meeting it is expedient and greatly for the benefit of the inhabitants of the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health, that a petition should be presented to Her Majesty the Queen, in Council, praying that she will be graciously pleased to grant a Charter of Incorporation to the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health, and also that the Local Board of Health be requested to take all the requisite and proper steps for securing the Charter of Incorporation for the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health, and that the expenses be charged upon the rates of the district. This resolution was seconded by Mr. J. C. Morgan, and carried without a single dissentient. In consequence of this resolution on the 12th and 22nd April, Captain Donelly, R.E., a Commissioner appointed by the Lords of Her Majesty's Privy Council, held a Court of Inquiry at the Court House, to take evidence in reference to the petition presented to Her Majesty from the inhabitant householders of Rotherham and Kimberworth, united into a Local Board District, under the provisions of the “Public Health Act, 1848,” and the “Local Government Act, 1858,” praying Her Majesty to grant a Charter of Incorporation to Rotherham according to the provisions of the Acts of 7th William IV. and 1st Victoria, chap. 78. Evidence was then taken in support of the prayer of the petition, which was considered to be of the most conclusive character, the only opposition proceeding from certain parts of Brinsworth. Captain Donelly's enquiry resulted in the granting of the incorporation of the borough, on the 29th day of August, 1871. The following is an abstract of the boundaries from the Charter : And we further will, grant, and declare, that the said Borough of Rotherham shall be divided into six wards, to be respectively called “East Ward,” “South Ward,” “West Ward,” “North Ward,” “Masbrough Ward,” and “Kimberworth Ward;” and that the said wards shall be bounded and described as follows (that is to say):- EAST WARD shall comprise so much of the township of Rotherham within the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health as lies within the boundary hereinafter described, namely, commencing at the Crinoline Bridge, extending eastwardly along the south side of the River Don unto and as far as the township boundary brook near the Aldwarke toll- bar, then following the township boundary brook southwardly to Alpha Place, then westwardly along the township boundary up to the Rotherham and Barnby Moor turnpike road, near the Broom ; then along the east side of the said turnpike road and of Wellgate to the Doncaster Road, and along the south side of the Doncaster Road up to and as far as Clifton Lane; then crossing the Doncaster Road and taking the east side of Wharncliffe Street and Drummond Street to the Crinoline Bridge again. - SOUTH WARD shall comprise so much of the township of Rotherham within the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health as lies within the boundary hereinafter described, namely; commencing at the Crinoline Bridge and extending along the west side of 574. 33 otherham. Drummond Street and Wharncliffe Street, and along the north side of Doncaster Road; then along the west side of Wellgate, and the west side of the said Rotherham and Barnby Moor Turnpike-road up to and as far as the township boundary; then following the township boundary South-westwardly up to and as far as the Moorgate Road; then along the east side of Moorgate Road and of Talbot Lane, the south side of High Street, crossing the street at or near the Crown Hotel, and thence along the east side of Church Street and of Bridgegate up to and as far as the River Don Bridge, and thence along the south bank of the River Don up to Crinoline Bridge again. w WEST WARD shall comprise so much of the township of Rotherham within the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health as lies within the boundary hereinafter described, namely; commencing at the River Don Bridge, and extending along the west side of Bridgegate and of Church Street, and from thence turning to the west and extending along the north side of High Street to the top thereof, then crossing High Street and extending along the west side of Talbot Lane and Moorgate Road up to the township boundary and following the township boundary westwardly to the River Rother, and from thence along the River Rother northwards to its confluence with the River Don, and extending along the eastern side of the River Don up to the River Don Bridge again. - NORTH WARD shall comprise so much of the township of Kimberworth within the district of Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health as lies within the boundary hereinafter described, namely; commencing at the River Don Bridge, and extending along the north side of Bridge Street; of College Road, of Midland Road, and of the New Wortley Road, up to and as far as Bradgate, then going northwardly along the east side of Low Lane to the township boundary brook, and following the township boundary brook eastwardly to the River Don, then south along the west side of the River Don to the Don Bridge again. MASBROUGH WARD shall comprise so much of the township of Kimberworth within the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health as lies within the boundary hereinafter described, namely; commencing at the River Don Bridge and extending along the south side of Bridge Street, of College Road, of Midland Road, and of the New Wortley Road up to and as far as Bradgate, and from there along the east side of Bradgate Lane, to Kimberworth Road, crossing the Kimberworth Road, and extending along the east side of Psalter's Lane to Harrison Street, crossing the Midland Railway to Steel Street, then to the Canal Bridge and along the north side of the Canal, eastward to the Holmes Tail Goit, being the township boundary, then following the township boundary to the River Don, and along the west side of the River Don to the River Don Bridge again. - RIMBERWORTH WARD shall comprise so much of the township of Kimberworth within the district of the Rotherham and Kimberworth Local Board of Health as lies within the boundary hereinafter described; namely; commencing at the Holmes Rolling Mills, near the canal and township boundary, following the South side of the canal in a westwardly direction, and then crossing Steel Street and the Midland Railway, and extending along the east side of Harrison Street into Psalter's Lane, along the east side of Psalter's Lane up to Kimberworth Road, and along the west side of Bradgate Lane and Low Lane, following the township boundary westward to Thorpe, then southward, along the township boundary to the River Don following the River Don eastwardly up to Holmes Tail Goit, and then northwardly to the canal, near the Holmes Rolling Mills again: And we further will, grant, and declare, that each of the several wards hereinbefore mentioned and described shall return three councillors. The names of gentlemen who have been members of the Town Council since the incorporation of the borough : ALDERMEN. Name. Entered. Retired. - Dead. John Matthew Habershon . º 9 . 1871 John Guest. • e & e º e 1871 William Moorhouse © º e º . I871 . º - . 1877 Joseph Bamforth º dº & tº e 1871 ſº & I874 Benjamin Ellis Coates Chambers . º . 1871 James Clifford Morgan . tº & e 1871 . . I874 33 » y) e e - o ... I 874 Henry Wigfield . e & e e º I874 William Harrison . º 6. - º . I874 330th crijam timber Representatiſt 38ttle. 575 COUNCILLORS, Name. Entered. Retired. Name. Entered. Retired. Henry Wigfield . ge . I87 I I874 William Saville . § g 1871 Robert Marsh . § tº 1871 Ferdinand Wheatley . . 1871 1877 William Henry Gummer . 1871 1872 Edwin Kelsey . tº & 1872 33 33 33 e I874 Thomas Tyler & º . 1872 Hugh Hoyland . g . 1871 1872 Joseph Stocks . e tº 1872 1875 Frederick Fell . g e 1871 1877 Mark Davy . . . . . I873 James Bennett & tº . I87 I 1873 Frederick Parker Rhodes . 1873 1876 Jarvis Harris ſº ſº g I87I I874 Joseph Brown. te & . I873 George Wragg, Junr. . . 1871 Albert Bibbs * & © I874. I874 John Reed . tº fº * 1871 1872 Robert Henry Sharp . . I874 1876 Henry Bray . o e . 1871 William Heaton . tº e I874 1877 James Ellis. tº * tº 1871 1872 James Clifford Morgan . . I 875 1877 William Gillott . * . I871 I873 John Jackson . e e 1875 1878 George Neill tº tº e 1871 1875 Benjamin Sorsby . & . I875 35 33 & e . 1876 John Mason wº . ū 1876 Joseph Wells . * > g 1871 Rupert Lomas tº . . 1877 Abraham Taffinder o . 1871 1875 Joseph Newsum . © o 1877 33 35 te * 1876 Thomas White & gº . 1877 William Harrison . e . I87I 1874 Robert Jenkins . & § 1878 The following is a list of the Aldermen and Councillors for 1878–79: MAYOR: Henry Wigfield, Esq. EAST WARD. Presiding Alderman: John Guest, Esquire, Moorgate Grange. Councillor Robert Marsh, Westgate. y) W. H. Gummer, Moorfields, Moor- gate. 33 Edwin Kelsey, Effingham Street. SOUTH WARD. Presiding Alderman: Henry Wigfield, Esquire, Saint Leonard's. Councillor Joseph Wells, Wellgate. 33 William Saville, Chatham House. 3y John Mason, Moorgate. WEST WARD. Presiding Alderman: J.M.Habershon, Esquire, The Holmes. Councillor George Neill, Eastwood House. 3) A. Taffinder, High Street. 33 Rupert Lomas, Westgate. NORTH WARD. Presiding Alderman: James Clifford Morgan, Esquire, The Poplars. Councillor Joseph Brown, Steel Bank. yy G.Wragg, Junr., Robin Hood Villas. 35 Benjamin Sorsby, Wortley Road. MASBROUGH WARD. Presiding Alderman: Wm. Harrison, Esquire, South Grove. Councillor Henry Bray, Boston House. 33 Jos. Newsum, Lindum Terrace. 33 Thomas Tyler, Holmes Lane. RIMBERWORTH WARD. Presiding Alderman: B. E. C. Chambers, Esq., High Green House, near Sheffield. Councillor Mark Davy, Dropping Well. yy Thomas White, Kirby House, Thorpe Hesley. 33 Robert Jenkins, Kimberworth House. The following are the officers of the Corporation: Town Clerk: Geo. W. Hodgkinson, Esq., Solicitor. Assistant to the Town Clerk : G. J. Thurgarland. Borough Treasurer : John Gibbs, Sheffield and Rotherham Bank. Borough Surveyor : George Jennings. Borough Accountant : C. H. Moss. Medical Officer of Health : J. Hardwicke, F.R.C.S., M.D. Sanitary Inspector and Inspector under the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act: C. E. Parkin. Collector of General District and Water Rates and Private Improvement Accounts: E.Cooper. Collector of Gas Rents : R. H. Haggard. Water Works Manager : L. Berry. Gas Works Manager : James Goodwin. Secretary of Gas Works : T. Bellamy. Examiner of Gas: J. Wilkinson, (Grimesthorpe). Market Inspector: J. Makin. Park Keeper : H. Albiston. Borough Analyst: H. H. Walker, (Sheffield). Mayor's Auditor : Mr. Councillor Bray. Burgesses' Auditors: J. W. Bellamy and H. Hart. 576 330th crijam. The number of burgesses on the burgess roll, for the several wards of the borough, for the year 1878–79: - East Ward e e º º s e . I 599 West Ward . tº e g º º e 64O South Ward . e º e & © . 915 Masbrough Ward . o & & e e I4OO North Ward . º º & tº © . 945 Kimberworth Ward. e -> tº - e 873 Total º & º . 6372 The retirement of Alderman B. E. C. Chambers, Esq., the election of Mr. Councillor Kelsey, as alderman in his place, and of T. W. Eastwood, Esq., as councillor for the East Ward, in place of Mr. Alderman Kelsey, are the last events in connection with the Corporation. The Act before Parliament for the extension of the borough, will considerably increase the area and population of the South and North Ward. The acquisition of the Gas Works was only secured after an unpleasant and unprofitable contention. The shareholders were naturally disinclined to part with a prosperous concern from which good dividends might be expected to be permanently derived. Parliamentary powers had therefore to be sought for, which in the end were obtained, and were said to be the first which had been granted for the compulsory purchase of gas works by a local authority. The Gas Works became the property of the town for about £53,ooo, and it is believed the terms on which the works were transferred were satisfactory to all parties. Since that time, about £30,000 have been expended in extensions rendered necessary for supplying outlying districts, and further extensions will still have to be made. The gross revenue for the year ending 1878, was £19,377 7s. 1d., showing a surplus over expenditure of £3,064 Ios. 2d., and a considerable increase on the average of the last four years; also showing that not only is considerable profit derived from this source, but that a great increase of light is distributed, the number of public lamps in 1871 being 354, and in 1878, 630. Few will fail to recognize that this is an important addition to the comfort and security of the public. The erection of spacious market accommodation for the purpose of removing the stalls in the streets, and of allowing the large business on market days, to be carried on more comfortably both to buyers and sellers, under cover, occupied the attention of the Board of Health (who had acquired the market property) for some years without their being able to agree upon a plan and design for carrying out the purpose. In the meantime, further acquisitions, by the purchase of surrounding property, were from time to time made, and to a large extent, with a view of carrying out very important improvements, and of giving Masbrough a more immediate access by means of a main street. In the carrying out of this extensive and expensive scheme thirty-five houses have been purchased at a cost of upwards of £6,000, and have been removed: Io,330 square yards of land have thus been cleared for market and improvement purposes at a cost up to the present time of over A 30,500, on a portion of which a market hall, killing shambles and appurtenances, have been erected, and a fine road on arches connecting the markets with the main street has been completed. This leaves in the hands of the Corporation a fine property in most eligible building sites, from which a large return of the original outlay may reasonably be expected to be realized. - The Market Hall which now stands upon the site of the old Corn Exchange and killing shambles, is a shed building supported upon iron columns, and divided into three bays. The western elevation is enclosed, and the space on the inside of the Market Hall is appropriated and divided by a wood screen and glass, for the purposes of a corn exchange, hall-keeper's room, and public conveniences. The hall being constructed in this shed form does not give much scope to the architect for design, and for architectural ornamentation, especially when the expenditure is limited. The front is a light iron ornamental arcade, having its centre broken up with a circular dome, surmounted by an ornamental clock turret, łł Utſjerijam unt ºr 33 rp regentatiſt Rule. 577 with four dials, bearing the Rotherham Arms. The treatment of this front in iron work, is creditable to the architect, Mr. S. L. Swann, of Sheffield; and the result is a public building very desirable, but hardly worthy of our Corporation. ; The handsome new bridge over the Don, giving access to the heart of the town, along the extensive suburb of Eastwood, to the important outlying district on the north, comprising Parkgate, Rawmarsh, Swinton, Mexbrough, Denaby, and Wath, has been erected at a cost of £9,600. The park has cost £3,500; the street improvements £10,000; the Northfield Depôt £3,700; the highway yard and stables £1,121 ; and the Council Hall and offices A.I.Ooo. ! The Corporation own the water works, gas works, and markets. The total amount expended on these undertakings, and on the various works and improvements in the borough, is £276,566. The liabilities on the loan account is £233,791, the original amount having been £273, I 16, showing that a reduction has been effected amounting to £43,375. The last balance showed a surplus of assets over liabilities of over £40,000. These are large figures, but Rotherham, in possession of its own markets, gas works, and water works, is in a much more favourable position, and under lower sanitary rates than most other towns. As illustrative of the progress of Rotherham and the borough we may state that, in 1871, the rateable value was about £74,ooo; in 1878, A 103,541. In 1871, the population of Rotherham was 11,239; that of Kimberworth, 13,846; total, 25,079. In 1878, the estimated population of Rotherham was 15,854; that of Kimberworth, 15,777; total, 31,631. In 1871, the number of houses was 5,060 ; in 1878, 6,679. The new houses, built since 1871, were distributed in the several wards as follows:— - Total. From April to December, 1871 iº g tº § tº e . 92 East. West. South. North. Masbrough. Kimbwth. 1872 . 86 © 8 § I I & I3 © 3 I e 2 I5 I 1873 g 84 g I * I9 e 9 e IO d O I23 I874 . I27 I I7 e 6 & 3 ſº 3 I57 I875 . I 30 3 23 . I3 ſº 9 . II I89 1876 . 202 3 I4. e 35 tº 5 I . I 3 318 I877 . I 55 se 8 © 35 & I 2 g 77 . I7 3O4. 1878 . 74 . I 2 & 9 § 22 g 53 . I 5 I85 Total . 858 . 36 . I28 . I IO . 234 . 61 I5 I9 There are 189 roads and streets at the present time, the total length of which is forty- one miles; thirty-five miles of these are repaired out of rates, and four miles are paved streets. Since the incorporation of the borough seven-and-a-half miles of new streets have been laid out and partly constructed. These statistics show an advance in the space of little more than the quarter of a century, which astonishes no less by its magnitude, than by the effective manner in which so sudden an advance has been met and provided for; even to the extent that the town and borough is in a much higher sanitary condition, and the death-rate much lower, than when the population was not one-third the number it is now. The diminished mortality of the district is the most significant and satisfactory test of the sound, if costly policy which has been pursued. And with this we leave Rotherham under representative rule. 578 380th crijam. It is satisfactory to mention that in a department not under representative rule, evidence of important progress is not wanting, as shown by the increase in the business of the Post Office, in 1878 as compared with 1861 and 1871 : 1861. 1871. 1878. Postmistress & º e º º o e - I Postal Clerks e e e • . º 2 5 9 Letter Carriers º e e re º e - 4. 8 - Deliveries by same & e º e º • 2 3 Letter Carriers and Stampers • - º - I3 Rural Postmen . - 4 Telegraph Clerks 3 33 Messengers • e t º º o 4 Bags dispatched each day . . . . . 24. 38 - , received 33 33 ° * © e t - 24. 34 Number of Letters, Papers, &c., for one week 21,182 42,793 Mail Carts . ge e e º e º e 4 Horse Messenger . * & © º * © I 2 - Amount of Cash passed through the officer's hands, 1870 . © . ÁI2O,OOO Number of Money Orders . e © & e 33 e e I9, I4O" Number of Savings Bank transactions . e • 35 ° º e 3,022 There are five mail carts for the dispatch of letters to the following places: Bawtry, Worksop, West Melton, Conisbrough, and one to convey the mails between the Post Office and Masbrough Station, which makes three journeys to and fro each night. Upwards of 50,000 letters, book packets, post cards, and newspapers are delivered weekly, and assuming that the same number are posted to go to other places, this would make the total number passing through the Post Office to be over Ioo,ooo weekly. In 1878 there were Money Orders issued . e º º © . . I8,OO9 33 y paid . . . . . . I4,497 Total for the year . tº & tº e e º e 32,506 #, S. d. Amount received on issue of Money Orders º o º . 26,925 5 9 Amount paid . . . e º tº e º e º I8,499 I 2 2471 deposits in the Post Office Savings' Bank were made during - the year, amounting to . . . . . $ tº . 6,922 17 O Average for each deposit . • * • . º e º 2 I6 of I IO7 withdrawals were made, amounting to . - • • e 6,418 4 II Upwards of £7,000 worth of stamps were sold during the year. In 1871, the first whole year after the transfer of the telegraphs to the post office, there were 19,000 telegrams sent and received, and during last year (1878) the number was over 40,000. These pages have increased to double the number in which these “Historic Notices’ were intended to have been comprised. They were originally intended only to extend to the end of the first half of the present century, and to be devoted to subjects which had fairly become matters of history, leaving to some younger and abler hand the privilege of dealing, in due time, with the extraordinary changes which have marked this latter half of the present century. But the writer having known Rotherham when but one solitary engine chimney tapered sky-ward amidst the dwellings of a very limited population of 3,Ooo to 4,000, and having witnessed for so many years its very gradual growth, until, from causes which have been indicated, and, when, as it were, it almost, at one bound, sprung into marvellous manufacturing importance and renown, so that “the blue ethereal sky” became murky with the more than fifty-fold emanations of furnaces and engine chimneys, he could not resist the temptation of introducing a notice of events at once so remarkable, interesting, and important. He felt this especially, as it afforded an opportunity of his presenting in striking contrast, the simple and almost primitive mode of accommodation with which the daily wants of our ancestors were met, and with which they seemed content, and the elaborate care and constant supervision now called into exercise in connection with every phase of social life, and every department of civil rule, and this not always with the y 330th crijam umber 13 epresentatiº e 13ttle. 579 same satisfactory result. A serious, if not solemn, responsibility is involved in the influx of a numerous and to some extent needy population. This, however, has been practically acknowledged and handsomely provided for. Aided by district and distant benefactors, Rotherham, during its material growth and industrial prosperity of the last ten years, has not forgotten the proper use of such blessings as the following expenditure on benevolent and religious objects will attest:- Hospital . - - - - . 49,800 Eastwood Wesleyan Chapel . £4,000 Church Restoration . - - . 9,862 Eastwood Church - - - . 4,500 Independent College . - . 26,000 Unitarian Chapel . - - - 3,300 Masbrough Wesleyan Chapel . . 5,000 No better evidence of the sound growth and substantial prosperity of a community can be adduced than that of a lively and liberal regard for the best interests of the masses of whom it is largely composed. Previously to this, the educational and religious institutions throughout the district had correspondingly progressed, in number, in importance, and in efficiency. At the beginning of the century these comprised one parish church, four chapels, some eight or ten schools, including dame schools, and the Masbrough Independent College. There are now five churches, fifteen chapels, thirteen public day-schools, and from fifteen to twenty private schools, and the Board Schools are now becoming architecturally prominent objects throughout the district, even as they are intrinsically of primary importance. The vast growth and importance rapidly attained have found proportionate foresight and executive ability manifested in every movement and measure required by the altered and enlarged state and condition which have ensued. These, throughout the ramifications of the new and wider roads and streets of its suburban districts of miles in extension, as above detailed, the tenfold population possess every advantage that judicious outlay, and careful supervision can supply. The annalist, therefore, in conclusion, enjoys the supreme satisfaction of being able to record a continuous advance, accompanied by commensurate improvement. So may it ever be. Rotherham Water Girl, #3 imter to orti). sºsºl OTHERHAM is still connected with the township of Kimberworth by the 㺠same “faire stone bridge of five (not four) arches,” as in Leland's time. It has still on it what was then “the chapel of stone well wrought,” but not, as then, having besides a handsome and substantial bulwark to the bridge, an oratory or chantry, where pilgrims and devout persons, on entering the town, might perform their devotions before the altar of Our Lady of the Bridge. The bridge and edifice are there, not silent and solitary as before, but, as shown in our illustration, surrounded by human habitations, and thronged by passenger and carriage traffic, under a grey canopy of smoke from surrounding iron and gas works, yet with the storied river Don, at its broadest expanse, flowing under its lofty and time-worn arches. Kimberworth must first be described as it was. This has been amply done by Hunter, but translations of the various grants, to which he only refers, are added. The notes, therefore, are entirely additional. His account was published in 1831; there are, therefore, allusions which will be no more applicable; but it has been thought better to give the account nearly entire: Kimberworth is a township of great extent, reaching from the river to the confines of the park at Wentworth. The great mass of its population is found near the river and in the vill of Kimberworth, which is situated nearly in the centre. But there is a pretty numerous population dispersed throughout it, chiefly of agriculturists or of persons employed in works connected with the iron and coal, minerals with which the whole of this township is richly furnished. The contrast is great between its eastern and western extremity. At the east there has long been an iron work of almost unparalleled extent, together with other manufactures; while at the other extremity we find ourselves in a retired and quiet valley, adorned with the plantations, pleasure grounds, and gardens surrounding the handsome residence called The Grange, which has succeeded to one originally erected there by a wealthy monastery. - This township is crossed by the Roman Rig, connecting Wincobank and Mexborough, which in no part of its course is more distinctly visible than about Meadow-hall, where it enters this township. The modern turnpike-road from Rotherham to Wortley, and thence to Peniston, passes through it. * - An early antiquary would connect the name of this township with the Cimbri; but De la Pryme lived before much attention had been paid to the principles on which we may hope to analyse the terms found in our local nomenclature. The probability rather is that we have the name of some early settler prefixed to one of the usual terminals. 3%im herº Urtij, Öreaghrough, (ſingle g, &c. 581 In Domesday it is Chibereworde, an orthography which is also found in the Recapitulatio; but as the letter m is found in very early charters as a part of the name of this place, and is, moreover, an efficient portion of the name, it is probable that it ought to have made a part of the name as written by the Norman scribes. In the time of the Confessor there had been six carucates brought into cultivation, and the unredeemed land is described as having been thirteen quarentens in length and one leuca in breadth. Alsi was at that time the lord, but he had given way at the time of the great survey to Roger de Busli, who had here two carucates, with eight villains and twelve borderers. The value was reduced from £4 to 30 shillings. By the grant of the Conqueror to De Busli Kimberworth became a portion of the honour of Tickhill. It was granted out immediately, being included in the six knights' fees of that honour which were held by the second house of Busli, who descended, as we have seen, from a brother of Roger. Maltby was another portion of the six fees, and Bawtry was held by the same family. I refer to the account already given of those two places for this branch of the great Norman family of De Busli, and also to what has been said concerning it at Tickhill and Roche Abbey. The earliest notice of Kimberworth after Domesday-book is in a charter of Richard de Lovetot, the lord of Hallamshire.” This Richard was contemporary with the sons and grand- * TRANSLATION. Charter of Richard de Luvetot to the Monks of Kirkstead, granting the Hermitage of St. 3 ohn, in Ecclesfield. Richard de Luvetot to all the sons of holy mother church, present and future, greeting. Be it known to you that I have granted and given to God and to the church of St. Mary of Kirkstead and the monks of that place in alms, the Hermitage of St. John, which is in the parish of Ecclesfield, with all the land which belongs to that hermitage, and that which my father gave me there, and which I have added by way of increase, as the boundaries of the lands of Richard de Bulli and Jordan de Reineville divide; and all the land which belonged to Robert the Cras I have likewise given to them, as the aforesaid bounds divide. This alms I have given to those monks freely and quit from all secular service and custom, and from all exaction, for the salvation of myself, of my son William, and of my heirs and brothers, and for the souls of my father and mother, and of my wife Cecilia, and of all my ancestors; and they shall appoint a monk who shall serve God there at the chapel. Witnesses, Ralph son of Gilbert, Hugh de Lovetot, Roger the clerk, Ralph son of Ralph son of Gilbert, Ralph son of Uctrede, Ralph of the chamber.— Cotton MS., Vespasian, E. xvii.I., fo. 128, printed in Dugdale’s “Monasticon,” Vol. V., p. 419. Another and rather differing copy of the charter is on fo. 127 of the Cotton MS. 582 - 330th crijam. sons of the Conqueror. His lordship of Hallamshire adjoined the manor of Kimberworth, from which it was separated by the Black-burn, now by a pleonasm called Black-burn-brook. The parts of Hallamshire which approached Kimberworth had been assigned early to the Reneviles, a great family, to whom the Mounteneys were the heirs. In the Black-burn valley, on the Hallamshire side of the stream, an hermitage had been founded, when or by whom is alike unknown, but it was called the Hermitage of St. John, and there was a certain portion of land, perhaps sufficient to maintain the recluse who had sought this retirement, attached to it. This hermitage and its appendages had not it seems been included in the grant to the Reneviles, but remained in the chief lord. But it was given by a charter, to be found in the Monasticon from a chartulary in the Hatton library, by the above-named Richard de Lovetot to the monks of Kirkstead in Lincolnshire, who enjoyed other interests in this part of the county by the gift of the same munificent family. The clause in the charter, “sicut divisae terrarum Ricardi de Bulli et Jordani de Reinevilla dividunt,” shows that the lands given by the charter reached to the very confines of the manor of Kimberworth. - Next came Richard de Busli himself, adding to the possessions of the monks of Kirkstead in this neighbourhood.” By a charter, which is also in the Monasticon, from the same chartulary, he gave with the consent of Emma his wife and of his heirs “unum managium in territorio de Kymberworth ad domos Suas et Ortum et quatuor forgias faciendas; duas Scilicet ad quoquendum ferrum et duas ad fabricandum, quandocumque voluerint; et mineram ad fodiendum per totum territorium ejusdem villae, quantum sufficit duabus ignibus, et mortuum [boscum inj nemus de Kymberwrth quantum sufficit illis quatuor ignibus; et pasturam ad decem animalia et quatuor equos, in communibus pascuis camporum eorum.” This is a very remarkable passage, as throwing some light upon the early manufactures of England, a subject at present in great obscurity. Managium occurs in Du Cange, who says that it is found in many antient Scripts, and thinks that it is equivalent to mansus or mansio. What is the precise force of mansio in old charters has perhaps not been fully established ; but its ordinary sense scarcely suits the passage before us. However, it is plain that some portion of land was intended, sufficient for the erection of houses, the setting out of a garden, and the construction of four iron works. The word forge is used as proper to them all, though it is evident that two of them were for smelting the rough ore, and only two for working the metal when smelted. Leave was granted to the monks at the same time to dig the ore, mineram, through the whole extent of the manor. This privilege, which is claimed as of common right by the miners in Derbyshire, we see to be here made the subject of a special grant, and the privilege must doubtless have been sufficiently inconvenient when the lords had a mansion and park at Kimberworth. There seems, however, to have been some limit to the grant, for the monks were not to dig more of the iron ore than was sufficient for the demand of the two furnaces. They were also allowed as much dry wood as was requisite for all the four fires, to be gathered in the wood land of Kimberworth. They were allowed also to have four horses and ten cattle feeding in the common lands of the manor. This grant was made about the year II61. The consideration for all these privileges was the payment to Busli and his heirs of 5s. per annum. The monks entered on their commercial speculations under very favourable circumstances. What their success was we have no means of judging. The forges of “Tunnolcliffe,” which are those in question, are named in a confirmation granted by Henry III. of all the possessions of the house. Tunnocliffe, afterwards called Thundercliffe or Synocliffe (and in two early documents Syndercliffe) grange, (since the seat of the Earls of Effingham), was the principal house of the monks, who must have had a confidential agent to superintend these concerns. About a quarter of a mile from the house, and about thirty yards from the Blackburn, is a large collection of Scoria, now called Cinder-hill, which doubtless marks the site of these bloomaries, the most antient of which we have any certain account in the great coal field of Yorkshire. The Cinder hill is opposite to Woolley wood, and was more considerable till portions of it were carried away to repair the roads in the neighbourhood. *TRANSLATION. Charter of Richard de Builli to the Monks of Kirkstead, granting land in Kimberworth for working iron ore. To all the sons of holy church Richard de Builli saluting. Know that I, by the will and consent of Emma, my wife, and of my heirs, have demised to the Monks of Kirkstead, a dwelling place [managium] in the territory of Kimber- worth, in order to make their houses and gardens and four forges; that is, two for roasting the iron, and two for making [or working] it, whenever they will; and ore to be dug through the whole territory of that place [vill], as much as will suffice for two fires; and dead wood of Kimberworth, as much as will suffice for those four fires; and pasture for ten animals and four horses in the common feeding grounds of those fields. All these I have demised and granted to them to hold of me and my heirs, free and quit of all service and custom, except that they shall give to me and my heirs every year five shillings at Pentecost. And it is to be known that the Monks have satisfied all the farm [i.e. have paid all the rent] on their territory for the first five years, which was in the year of the incarnation of our Lord, II61, on the day of the Apostles, Philip and James. And after the end of those five years, if the aforesaid Monks wish to hold it, they shall hold all those for ever of me and my heirs by the same agreement, that is by paying annually five shillings for all services. And I have confirmed this agreement to be held and warranted by me and my heirs, by this charter and the underwritten witnesses, and by the confirmation of my seal. The witnesses to this are, Hugh, the clerk of Dernham; Simon and Peter, chaplains of the same town; Jugan, son of Ralph ; Lamb, the dispenser; Thomas, son of Jocelin, of York.-Cotton MS., Vesp. E. xvi.II., fo. I27°, [Date, between A.D. II6I and II66.] #im her m orth, &reasbrough, (ſingleg, &c. 583 Of the precise site of the hermitage of St. John, which was on the Ecclesfield side of the brook, I can hear of no certain indications. : Another early charter of the Buslis respecting their lands of Kimberworth is preserved in the chartulary of St. John of Pontefract,” and is printed from the original, which was in the hands of Thoresby, in Stevens's Supplement to the Monasticon. By this charter John de Busli gives to the house of St. John half an acre with a toft in Kingberwurdia as in the Monasticon, in Kymbwrdia in the chartulary, which Godwin de Hillum held, and the said Godwin with all belonging to him. This grant was made for the support of a light in the chapel of St. Victor the Martyr. The witnesses were Hugh de Scausby, Robert son of Richard de Crokeston, Alan the chaplain, Hugh de Monksburgh, Hugh the chaplain of Roderham, Ralph de Aigran, Richard the baker, William de Monksburgh, and others. - - This John de Busli was the last male of his line. He had a daughter and heir, whom Robert de Vipont took to wife, and after two or three generations the Viponts ended, as before shown, in two heiresses, Isabel who married Robert de Clifford, and Idonea who was twice married, namely to Roger de Leybourn and to John de Cromwell. In the partition of the estates of the Viponts and Buslis, Kimberworth, Maltby, and Bawtry were assigned to Idonea. * This great lady was born in or about 1256. Her father died in 1265, and she lived till 8 Edward III. I.334, so that she was lady of Kimberworth nearly seventy years. It is evident from the circumstance that so many of her charters are dated at this place, that Kimberworth must have been her frequent residence. Robert de Vipont had a park here, and it may be presumed a house also ; for in the Hundred Rolls he is charged with having inclosed a portion of the king's highway within his park of Kimberworth ; and again, that he had gone beyond the limits of his warren. But this lady appears to have resided more here, and to have made other improvements or encroachments in the park. In the quo warranto proceedings of Edward I.P we find that she claimed to have a free park * TRANSLATION. Charter of Şohn de Builli to the Monks of St. John of Pontefract, granting a toft in Kimberworth. - Know all men present and to come, that I, John de Builli, have given, and by this my present charter have confirmed to God and St. John the Apostle of Pontefract, and to the monks serving God there, half an acre of land with a toft belonging to the same land in Kimberworth, held by Godwin de Hill, as free, pure, and perpetual alms to the light in the chapel of St. Victor the Martyr, —and the said Godwin with all that belongs to him—for the salvation of my soul and for the souls of my forbears. To these witness Hugh de Scausby, Robert son of Richard Crokestune, Alan the chaplain, Hugh de Monkesburgh, Hugh, chaplain of Roderham, Ralph of Aigran, Richard the Baker, William de Monkesburgh, John of Curei, Ralph Cook.--Stevens’ Supplement to Dugdale’s “Monasticon,” I723, Vol. II. p. 219. - * Pleas de Quo Warranto. [A.D. 1292] Idonia de Leyburne was summoned to reply to the lord king to the plea, by what warrant she claims to have free warren in Bautry, Kimberworth, and Esterfield, gallows, infangeth and outfangeth in Bautry, market and fair, free court and toll in the same vill, a free park in Kimberworth, fines for the breaking of the assize of ale, and her lands quit from suit; and by what warrant she does not permit the king's bailiffs to enter into her lands of Bautry to do any office, without the licence and will of the king and his progenitors kings of England. And Idonia came. And she says that Robert de Vipont, father of this Idonia, and grandfather of Robert de Clifford, son of Isabella de Clifford, whose heirs they are [i.e. Idonia and Isabella], died in possession of tenements [or holdings] which she now holds, and likewise of the said liberties as belonging and annexed to those tenements. And she says, that after the death of the said Robert, the said tenements were assigned to the same Idonia in purparty, &c., where- fore she says, that she cannot respond without her said partner [i.e. her nephew], who is under age, and in the King's Ward for it. • And Roger de Hegham, who sues for the king, says as to the warren, that she holds lands of her free neighbours, which are not of fee, &c., in warren, &c. And as to the gallows and infangeth in Bautry, he asks, that it may be inquired after what manner she has used, and whether her said ancestor died seised thereof; and as to utfangeth, the said Robert says, that neither the said Idonia, nor her said ancestor Robert, were seised thereof, &c. And as to the market and fair, the said Roger, that she may say on what days she claims market and fair, &c. And she says, that she claims to have a market every week, on Wednesday; and a fair every year, on the Thursday in Pentecost week, in the said town, &c. And Roger says, that the said Idonia ought not to have aid from her said partner, because he says, that the said Robert, her ancestor, nor she herself, at any time afterwards were in possession thereof. And as to the free court, and the fines for the breaking of the assize of ale, he asks, that it may be enquired whether her said ancestor died seised of them, &c. And as to the toll, the aforesaid Roger says, that she herself [has taken it] within three years preceding. And as to the free park, the said Roger asks, that it may be inquired whether the said Robert, the ancestor, &c., died this in possession, &c. And he says, that within these three years last past, she has made a deer-leap in the said park, towards the forest of the king, &c., to the damage of our lord the king. And for that she claims to have her lands quit of suit, &c., the said Roger says, that at the time of the death of the said Robert, her ancestor, &c., the lord king was in possession of two suits to be made to this county [court], and one suit to be made to the Wappentake of Strafforth. And he is prepared to verify this for our lord the king. And whereas it is contained in the writ of quo warranto, that she does not permit the bailiffs of the king to enter, &c., he asks, that she shall expressly say what she has been used, &c. And Idonia says, that she here claims, on the first day of the Iter, that neither the sheriff, nor any of his bailiffs, shall enter into her lands of Bautry to perform any office, &c., except for a default of the bailiffs of Idonia, (and in this state it was that Robert, her ancestor, died in possession, &c.) the pleas of the crown only being excepted ; so that when the bailiff of our lord the king has to exercise any office there—unless it be concerning the pleas of the crown—he comes to the bailiffs of this Idonia and commits the doing execution thereof to him, and he, the bailiff of Idonia, shall testify the doing of the execution to the King's bailiff. And if the bailiff of this Idonia be negligent, then indeed it will be lawful for the king's bailiff to do execution in default of Idonia’s bailiff; and in this sort it stood when Robert, her ancestor, died seised, &c. And Roger says, that neither the said Idonia, nor her ancestor, had any status of this sort, &c. And he asks that this may be inquired into on behalf of the king. And he says, that those things which he purposed 584 330th crijam. here; and had to answer the charge of having constructed in it a saltatorium, a word also not well explained in the glossaries, towards the king's forest, to the damage of our lord the king. A jury was summoned, who returned their verdict that it was not to the damage, &c., for that Kimberworth is 15 leucae distant from any forest of the king's, and the free chaces of the Earl of Warren and of Thomas de Furnival lie between. In 6 Edward II. she had a grant of free warren here. The charter by which Idonea conveyed her assent to a nomination of an under sheriff of Westmorland by her nephew, Robert de Clifford, bears date at Kimberworth; as does also the charter which she granted to her free burgesses of Bawtry in 1292. returned lady of Kimberworth, which she is said to hold as half a knight's fee of the honour of Tickhill, paying 20a, wapentake fine. In 1295 she confirmed by a French deed, cited by Dr. Pegge, to Frere William de Folkingham, abbot of Beauchief, all the land which Richard de Schales held in Thorpe and Schales within her manor of Kimberworth. Thorpe is now Thorpe Hesly, a vill in which meet several antient lay and ecclesiastical interests. In Kirkby's inquest she is to verify on behalf of the king have been in a manner taken up by Idonia. And he asks, that the truth of the matter may be immediately inquired by the country [per patriam, i.e. from the sworn men of the neighbourhood]. And Idonia earnestly asks that a day may be assigned to her for the hearing of the inquisition, but at the urgent petition of the aforesaid Roger, the king's serjeant, for certain reasons, they proceeded to take the inquisition immediately. The Jury say upon their oath that the said Robert, her ancestor, died in possession of the said warren in the form in which she claims it, and that the said Idonia has not in fact herself occupied the warren. And the same with the gallows and infangenthef in Bautry, and that does not abuse this liberty. And as to utfangenthef, they say upon their oath, that neither the said Idonia, nor the said Robert, her ancestor, ever had this liberty. And as to the market and fair, they say upon their oath, that the said ancestor, Robert, died seised thereof, and that Idonia does not abuse the liberty; and they say the same as to the free court, and the fines for the assise of ale broken. And as to the toll, they say upon their oath, that the said ancestor, Robert, died seised thereof, in the same form in which she claimed it, namely, the taking toll on all things exposed for sale in the said town every day throughout the year. And Roger de Hegham says, for the king, that, on pretence of the said toll, the said Idonia takes thurghtol [passing toll] from all coming with merchandize through the midst of that town, although that merchandize be not exposed to sale. And he asks that it should be inquired by the said Jurors; and Idonia says “ No.” And he asks that it may be inquired by the same. And the Jury aforesaid say, upon their oath, that she does not take this thurghtol, but they say that the bailiffs of Idonia have sometimes distrained travellers for this thurghtol, and they say that Idonia herself did not know this, nor was it so done by her assent. And as to the free park, they say, upon their oath, that the said ancestor died seised thereof. And they say truly that she made there a certain deer-leap, but they say that it is not to the hurt of the king's forest, because they say that the said park is distant from the king's forest by fifteen leagues, and that the free chace of the Earl Warrenne, and the free chace of Thomas de Furnivall, are between the said [leapl and the said park. And whereas the said Idonia claims to have her lands quit of suit, they say that her holdings are not charged to make any suit to this county [court], nor to the Wappentake of Strafforth, nor were in the time of her ancestor, Robert. But they say that all residing within the precincts of the liberty of Tykehill, ought to come twice a year to the Wappentake of Tykehill, that is to say, once to the general Wappentake after Easter, and another time after the feast of St. Michael. And being asked whether the said Robert, the ancestor, ever came there [literally, made his coming], they say no ; but they say, that the said Robert, when he died, was amerced for his manor of Kimberworth, which is within the limits of the precinct of Tykehill, for his defaults to this general Wapentake of Tykehill, and this because he, on account of the said holding [i.e. manor of K.], when he was residing there, owed this coming. And as to the king's bailiffs, &c., they say, that the king's bailiffs always have made all executions in the said tenements, as elsewhere in his bailiwicks, without the bailiffs of the said Idonia, or her ancestors. Schales is now Page 790, of same records, 20 Edwd. I., (1292), pleas heard at Appleby. The same Idonia de Leyburne was summoned to shew why she claimed to have free chace in thirteen places, and free warren, and other liberties, in forty-six other places (in Westmoreland). She replied that she claimed certain of these in certain of the places; and that as to the other of the places, she claimed to have the said liberties in common with Robert, the son and heir of her sister Isabell, by inheritance from Robert de Nespunt, father of Idonia, and grandfather of Robert, son of Isabell, who died seised of the said liberties. William Inge asked that enquiry should be made “pro domino rege,” and the jury say upon oath, that the said Robert died seised of the said liberties, and that Idonia had occupied nothing of her own right, and that Robert, son of Isabell, is under age. TRANSLATION. Close Roll. I6 Ed. II., m. 8. [A.D. 1323.] The king to his beloved clerk, Thomas de Burgh, his Escheator this side Trent saluting. Whereas, lately wishing to be informed, for certain particular reasons, as to the manner and cause of taking the lands and tenements which belonged to Peter del Rodes and Idonea his wife, in Rotherham, by you into our hands (as it said), we had commanded you to give us information as to the manner and cause aforesaid, under your seal, distinctly and openly, without delay; and you have returned to us that you have not seised into our hand any lands or tenements that belonged to the aforesaid Peter and Idonea in Rotherham, but that the executors of the will of Gilbert de Stapelton, late our Escheator on this side Trent, delivered to us a messuage, a croft, and two acres of land with appurtenances in Rotherham, which were the said Peter's and Idonea's, affirming that they so seised were in our hand, because a certain Hugh Longets, who held from us in chief a certain tenement in Weteley, in socage as of the honour of Tyke- hill, being in our hand, enfeoffed the said Peter and Idonea of the messuage, croft, and land aforesaid, but which messuage, croft, and land are held of the Abbot of Rufford, and not of us in chief; We order you that you do not further interfere with the said messuage, croft, and land, if by this means and none other they are in our hand, paying the rents if you have received any thence, to those to whom they belong. Witness the king at York, 6th May. TRANSLATION. Abrev. Prob. Orig. I Edward II. in Schedule of Roll II. [A.D. 1307.] The Abbot of Rufford made a fine with the king of £20, for a licence to enter a lay tenement in Roderham and Merkesburgh. TRANSLATION. Ibid. 20 Ed. II., Roll 3. [A.D. I226.] The king has committed to Roger de Bilney the custody of the manors of Wyntreslow, with appurtenances, in co. Wilts; of Buckland, Senclebergh and Amundesham, with appurtenances, in co. Buckingham ; of Eyworth, in co. Beds.; of Essyngden, in co. Rutland; of Morton, in co. Lincolne ; of Peverelthorp, in co. Notingham; of Malteby, Bautre, and Kymbreworth, with appurtenances, in co. York, &c., &c., which are the heritage of Idonea, wife of John de Crumbwell, and which by reason of an offence against us, which the same John had committed beyond the seas, were seized into our hands, &c., &c. #imäerſ; tırtij, (5 reagārūttgij, (ſingleg, &c. 585 Scoles, a hamlet consisting of only a few houses, but rendered remarkable by the erection near it of a lofty column by the second Marquis of Rockingham, which was named Keppel's Pillar Out of regard to the admiral who bore that name. +. The names of The Hall and The Park, which are found at Kimberworth, betoken something of splendour which has passed away. But, whatever of antient splendour this place may have to boast, it must be referred to the days of Idonea de Leybourn. With her Kimberworth seems to have risen, and with her it is certain that it fell. Not that it suffered any diminution of honour in the hands into which it passed when Idonea was no more, for they were persons of more exalted rank than she had been, truly eminent as she was ; but that exalted rank and station which belonged to them made them regardless of this small portion of their inheritance, and it does not appear that after the death of Idonea the illustrious owners of Kimberworth were ever resident on this manor. Who they were I have shown under Bawtry; for Kimberworth accompanied Bawtry in its descent for about two centuries after the death of Idonea, and did not descend with Maltby to the Cliffords, who were her natural heirs. s It is unnecessary to repeat even the pedigree of the Spencers, who possessed the two manors of Kimberworth and Bawtry; from whom they passed to the sole heiress, Anne Beauchamp, who married Richard Nevil, the great Earl of Warwick. He occurs as lord of Kimberworth and Bawtry in 18 and 24 Henry VI. Kimberworth passed to the lady Anne his daughter, who married Richard Duke of Gloucester. In one of the old extents of the honour of Tickhill, without date, the duke is said to hold Kimberworth in right of his wife as one knight's fee, portion of the six knights' fees granted to the Buslis. After the death of Richard III. Kimber- worth became part of the royal demesne. It had never lost its park; at least the office of bailiff and keeper was continued. The office was granted in 3 Henry VII. to Richard Byrley, One of the gentlemen ushers of the king's chamber, together with the herbage and pannage. This Richard Byrley may be presumed to be the person of that name who was connected with Archbishop Rotherham. Some temporary grants appear to have been made of the manor itself. In Jones's Index to Exchequer Records is a notice of a grant of the manor to Sir Thomas Wortley and others in 2 Henry VIII. This Sir Thomas had previously enjoyed an annuity of IOO marks to be taken from this manor, a sum which bespeaks its wealth, when we consider that there were officers to be maintained in this distant and insulated portion of the crown lands at a great expense. Sir Henry Clifford also held it, as appears by an inquisition of 18 Henry VIII., and by 32 (1540) it is granted to Nicholas Wombwell as hereunder shown.” - At length it became finally disposed of Hopkinson refers to a grant in 6 Edward VI., and I find that Dodsworth had also seen the grant, by which Kimberworth was conveyed to Francis Earl of Shrewsbury, who thus made a valuable addition to his vast estates surrounding his castle of Sheffield. In Bernard's survey Kimberworth is said to be held by George Earl of Shrewsbury in fee farm. It occurs in his inquisition in 33 Elizabeth. It was inherited by Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury his son. It was included in the great settlement made by his coheirs in 1627; and passed in virtue of that settlement to the house of Howard. While the three coheirs of Earl Gilbert were living, Philip Earl of Pembroke, who acted for his sister-in-law the Countess of Pembroke, seems to have been in possession of this property. Lord Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford, held Kimberworth under him; and I find that the park existed as a park and had game in it as late as I635; for in that year lord Wentworth appointed his brother-in-law, Sir Richard Hutton, master of the game in Kimberworth Park; and in 1638 Lord Wentworth, then in Ireland, writes home that he would willingly obtain a lease of Kimberworth, on a rumour that the Earl of Pembroke was disposing of his northern possessions.” - r Rimberworth was joined with Rotherham manor and advowson in the settlement of them made by Henry sixth Duke of Norfolk, and they have descended in the manner before shown to the present Lord Howard of Effingham. - No chapel was ever erected for the use of the tenants of this manor. * TRANSLATION. Patent Roll, 32 Henry VIII., Part I, m. 30. [A.D. I540.] The king to all, &c., saluting. Know that we, of special grace and our mere motion, also for the sum of ninety-three pounds eleven shillings and sixpence, paid to the hand of the Treasurer of our chamber, by our beloved servant, Nicholas Wombwell, one of the stewards of our chamber, have given and granted, and by these presents have given and granted to the said Nicholas Wombewell, our grange called Stenocliff Grange, in the parishes of Ecclesfield and, Rotherham, in the county of York, and all arable lands, fields, meadows, pastures, woods, under-woods, minerals, stones, iron, and other our hereditaments whatever, with all their profits, commodities, emoluments, and appur- tenances, in any way pertaining or belonging to the said Grange; and a close lately inclosed in Kimberworth Park, in the said county, called Studmoor Rood; which grange and all the other premisses, with their appurtenances, lately pertained and belonged to the Monastery of Kirk- stead, in the county of Lincoln ; and came to our hand, or should come, and now in our hands or should be, by reason of the attainder of Richard Harryson, last Abbot of the same Monastery. To have and to hold, &c., with all rents and profits arising from the same. * Strafford Letters, Vol. I, p. 485; II. pp. I.47 and 216. 74. 586 - 330tt, trijam. In Bernard's survey is a memorandum that Parker had a capital messuage in Kimber- worth called Meadow Hall, with certain lands, meadows, and pastures. Some account of this family of Parker has been given in the topography of Hallamshire. - And to the same work I would be permitted to refer for an account of the descent of Thundercliffe Grange through the Wombwells, Shiercliffs, and Greens. From Wainwright's MSS. he appears to have visited the place on July 28th, 1826, and says: - The cell founded by the Buillis is now in the capacity of a malt-kiln, and occupied by Mr. Woodcock. One window, now walled up, carries with it its original make, being of the pointed order, and divided into two compartments by a stone mullion, which, as was usual in that age, is somewhat ramified at top. In the interior are several relics of the old building, and at the front of the house are the remains of a pointed window. There are also three original buttresses yet perfect. It is now the Manor House. -- There is also a place, or two or three inclosures, just behind it, called the Chapel gardens, which yet appertain to the same place. Near to them is a small hamlet called Bradgate. This name is extremely ominous. It is placed in the very way we have traced in our Introduction.a It was anciently written Broad Gate, and is in the Township of Kimberworth, which also is in the Parish of Rotherham. The following statement was given to the writer by the Rev. Paul L. Sandberg, who was for some years the highly respected minister of the church at Kimberworth : I have but a fragmentary recollection of what I made out historically of the neighbourhood of Kimberworth. What I did I transferred to the Society of Antiquaries through the late Dr. Holt Yates, of Wickersley. Whether he sent it, or whether it remained with him, that I cannot speak of as a fact. However, I will cursorily state here some of the things I personally discovered and made out, with the help of some of the old men of my time. - I. That Kimberworth became a settlement in the time of the Norman Conquest, by Saxons driven by the Conquerors to the north. That two brothers, by the name of Kent, occupied at each end of the village, large houses, one, the lower one, occupied in my time by a Mr. Warris, was connected by a subterranean passage with Conisbrough Castle,b the other with a castle on a high knoll or hill behind Kimberworth parsonage. The site is marked by a few trees, and I believe if any one would dig into the irregularly marked plateau, he would strike upon masonry. At a corner of a plot of ground between the parsonage and the farm building occupied by the late Mr. Warris, stood an old chapel, part of the pulpit and other portions of the said chapel were Seen by Old Mr. Lockwood himself. They were ultimately disposed of by being built into a wall surrounding the garden of the farm already referred to. The chapel was said to have been of older date than even Rotherham Church, and was served by its ministers or by an old hermit who had his habitation at the foot of Wincobank hill." When you stood on the top of the mound where Kimberworth tower or castle stood, you could clearly trace the moat surrounding it, or that must have surrounded it. When any one goes by a foot-path towards Mr. Wheatley's farm, on the side of the mound nearest his residence, he will still find a running rill through marshy ground where the moat must have been deepest, because probably more accessible to the castle, hence of greater depth to make it less accessible to an attacking party. More I do not remember my data upon which these conclusions were founded has also disappeared. Most was got by personal research, the other by traditionary lore among the old people in my time. - The rev. gentleman's statements must necessarily be taken with reserve; but any one who knew Mr. Sandberg would know that he was sincere and truthful in making his statements, though he was no doubt misled by his own enthusiasm, or by his reliance on the old villagers' traditions. The hamlet of Masbrough" has long been divested of its sylvan sights and sounds; but * “Wapentake of Strafford and Tickhill,” by }ohn Wainwright. 1829. * This is more than the rev. gentleman could ascertain, but it has such a passage, passing a long distance through the hill. * This would refer to the hermit of St. John's. * “ 1765. An Act for Dividing and Inclosing several Lands and Grounds, Undivided Inclosures, Commons, and Wastes, in or near the Village or Hamlet of Mas- brough, in the Township of Kimberworth, and in the Parish of Rotherham, in the County of York. “Recites, Whereas there are several pieces of open Common or Waste Ground, lying within the Village or Hamlet of Masbrough, &c., called Masbrough Common and the Clough, Masbrough Green, Walk Mill Moor, and Pool Green, containing together 48 acres; and also several Common Field Lands, Michaelmas Lands, and Meadow Grounds, within the aforesaid Village or Hamlet, called by the several names of Heanly Field, Upper and Lower Masbrough Field, Backlane Fields, Leys Croft, and Mas- brough Meadow, containing 30 acres, &c., and also several undivided ancient Inclosures, called or known by the several names following (that is to say), the Masbrough Close, now belonging to Thomas, Earl of Effingham, and John Hayby; the Wall Close, the long Masbrough Meadow Close, the Lousy Busks, the Tenter Meadow, the Low Staitley Close, #im her m ºrth, Ötzaghrough, (ſingleg, &c. 587 within the memory of man, it maintained a great deal of the character and simple habits of a large, well-to-do village community. It consisted of one street, running from the bridge half-way to Kimberworth, with Back-lane, now College-road, running parallel with it for some distance. At the beginning of the century, as often referred to, when Walker's works were in full blast, Masbrough Feast on Whit-Tuesday, the day after Rotherham Whit-Monday Fair, was one of the great events of the year; the village was crowded with visitors at the upper end, from which the public-houses reaped their annual benefit; whilst the better, and even the working men's houses, were dispensing hospitable entertainment to friends from Rotherham and elsewhere, with hearty old English welcome. Bradgate, too, was celebrated for its jackass races, and sometimes, when old Runcorn and his bear could be secured, it had the supreme satisfaction of a bear-bait. All this has now passed away, and Masbrough's main street is now intersected by other streets, principally on the right hand going up, and the population of a town has aggregated. To meet the necessary require- ments, places of worship and schools, with all the other concomitants of such a vast advance of position and increase of population, have been erected. { The Roman Catholic Chapel of St. Bede was consecrated in 1857, by the Lord Bishop of Beverley, and has spacious schools, built on land presented by Mr. B. Badger. In 1863 (October 29th) the foundation stone of St. John's was laid by the Archbishop of York, and by the indefatigable exertions of the Rev. H. Master White, and very largely at his own cost, large schools were erected, and a complete parochial organisation was established. Other places of worship have had a previous notice, and our account of Kimberworth township, and its progress Masbrough-wards, must be closed by noticing the extensive and important improvements which are now progressing at Masbrough Common. There, except where the road over the common to Clough House, such lateral connections as Peggy Lane were a disgrace to the township, now there are being laid out fine wide roads, with broad footpaths curbed and channelled, and so completed as to indicate that a class of well-to-do inhabitants are expected to require them. This is not the only instance, as the Ferham Estate is similarly competing to attract purchasers of building plots by showing that every sanitary precaution is being taken to secure such purchasers from discomfort and danger to health. And most strikingly and fittingly to crown this march of progress, there was opened, on Thornhill, Masbrough Common, by Mrs. Chambers, the lady of George Wilton Chambers, Esq., the chairman of the School Board, of the first Board School of the of the district, a structure, from its fine external appearance and complete internal adaptations, indicating the high level of the line on which the future educational movements of this nation are to travel. CŞreaghroug). This township, like Kimberworth, approaches very near to the town of Rotherham, and extends to the park at Wentworth, some of the ornamental and planted grounds of which are within Greasborough. - It consists of a populous vill from which it has its name, situated on the line of the Roman Rig, which is very apparent close to the buildings, and of certain small hamlets or single houses, in which lives a population employed in agriculture or in extracting the minerals with which this township as well as its neighbour abounds. There is no settled orthography of the name. I write it as I think it most usually appears, but Gresborough, Gresbrook, Greasbrook, are now frequently seen, and may all be found in writings of the last two or three centuries. The same variety appears in Domesday; where the name occurs four times, and three instances out of the four supply each a peculiar orthography; the little Hartley Close, and the Yealands; save and except Inclosures contain 27 acres. * * * Nothing in this Act Ia. 3r. 8p., part of the said Yealands, belonging to Samuel shall extend, or be construed to extend, to affect the land Walker, Aaron Walker, Jonathan Walker, and John Craw- in Lousy Busks aforesaid, belonging to the poor of shaw ; and wherein they have erected several messuages Rotherham.” and other buildings, and which said ancient undivided 588 3ädtiſerijam. which is a manifest proof that no care was taken by the compilers of that record to represent in the best manner they were able the sounds uttered by the Saxon villagers from whose mouths they received the information. In the Terra Will. de Warene, Greseburg. In the Terra Rog. de Busli, Gersebroc. In the Recapitulatio - - Gresseburg. - Greasborough in the Saxon times did not acknowledge only one lord, but was a divided interest, part being dependent on Earl Harold, the lord of Coningsborough, and part in the hands of Godric. There was no attempt at uniting them at the conquest. The Earl of Warren, who succeeded Harold, still holding his share; while that which had belonged to Godric was given to Roger de Busli, and thus became a portion of the honour of Tickhill. To form such a conception of the state of Greasborough in the eleventh century as Domesday book enables us, we must therefore turn to the account given of the lands of the Earl of Warren and those of Roger de Busli. On comparing them, we collect, There were three carucates, one held in demesne by Roger de Busli. There were three villeins, six borderers, and six sochmen, and a portion of pasturable wood. There had been one carucate more in the time of the Confessor, and the value was greater in his time. . It does not appear certain that the Earls of Warren ever subinfeuded. In the Nomina Villarum of Edward II, the Earl is returned lord of the moiety of Greasborough. The other moiety was held by Thomas Barbot, who represented the original grantee under the lords of Tickhill. The name of Barbot is still preserved at Greasborough in the name of Barbot-hall, which is doubtless the legitimate successor of the mansion of this family, who held their small interest here as tenants in chief of the crown as of the honour of Tickhill for many generations. They paid 20a, wapentake fine, 6d. Sheriff's aid, and 3s. 4d. ward-fee. It is remarkable that they appear with this name of Barbot whenever they occur, and not as might have been expected with the addition only of de Greasborough, which was perhaps their only possession, and certainly their usual place of residence. Dodsworth had seen some of their charters. By a deed s. d. Roger Barbot, with consent of William Barbot his brother, gave to the hospital of St. Leonard at York common of pasture in the town of Greasbrook and a perch of land in Oldercroft. This perch was probably for the erection of pens and stalls for the cattle sent to graze here. Again, William Barbot, Son of Roger, granted to the hospital of St. Peter at York, which appears to be the same establishment, his land in Ringwood, under Ringwood cliff, lying between the land which Hugh de Tilli held of the foresaid hospital and Ermite Riding brook. The Barbots seem to have lost Greasborough about the time of Richard II. The Povays succeeded to them, of whom Thomas Povay and John Povay appear in the extents of the honour of Tickhill holding the moiety of Greasborough. It passed from them to Thomas Wentworth, of Wentworth-Woodhouse, who is returned as lord in Bernard's Survey, I 577, holding what had belonged to Povay and Barbot. From him it has descended to the Right Hon. the Earl Fitzwilliam. I add a few miscellaneous notices of Greasborough. There was at an early period an Adam, who is described as Adam de Gresebrook, whose possessions came to the Tinsleys, and from them to the Wentworths. In the great inquisition of William de Tinsley, 15 Edward II. they are described as a messuage and two bovates held of the manor of Kimberworth. In Burton's Monasticon we have an account of lands here possessed by the religious of Bretton. Part were given by John de Bruton and Elizabeth his wife; and Thomas Belle, of Cusworth, and William Dymond had license to give twenty-four acres in this place to the monks. This license was from Thomas de Sheffield, and the granting of it looks as if he claimed a manor here. . - A manor in Greasborough is put in the inquisition of Isabel, the heiress of the Fitzwilliams of Woodhall. At a later period we find that Sir William Gascoign, of Gawthorpe, had possessions here. For by deed dated 34 Henry VI. he granted to Robert and John, his younger sons, all his mines of coal and maratinorum in Gresebrook and Rawmarsh. Maratinum is not found in Du Cange or Carpenter's Supplement. But there is a word bearing some resemblance to it which appears to be used for mar/ Such portions of Greasborough as belonged to the lords of Coningsborough rendered the tithe to that church, and the tithe passed as pertinentia to Coningsborough by the grant of the Earl of Warren of that church to Lewes. The monks of Lewes never relinquished their right to it. On May 19, 25 Henry VIII. the prior, not long before the dissolution of his house, granted a lease for sixty years to Robert Swyft of the tithe of Greasborough, Dalton, and Morthing, and the pension of 30s. 4d. Out of the church of Rotherham, at the yearly rent of 69 3s. 4d. It 3%im her to artij, (5 reaghtuttgh, (ſingleg, &c. 589 appears from this that the pension was no composition for tithe, though it might be and probably was a composition for other dues rendered originally to the church of Coningsborough, but afterwards to that of Rotherham, when the whole of Greasborough came to be considered as a part of that parish. g In an account of Greasborough compiled by my late friend the Rev. Edward Goodwin, of Sheffield, who was some time curate here, it is said that after the Reformation the chapel, chapel house, and a little portion of land, were purchased by the greve of Greasborough for the use and benefit of the inhabitants. This seems to show that it was regarded in the light of a chantry, and seized by the crown under the Act of Edward VI. But this supposition increases the difficulty arising out of the absence of Greasborough from Holgate's list or that in the Valor. Mr. Goodwin was not able to form any complete list of the ministers, nor can one now be compiled. The first of whom I have seen any mention is Luke Clayton, the vicar of Rotherham, ejected by the act of uniformity. The curacy has been augmented four times by the governors of Queen Anne's bounty. In 1718 it obtained £200 by lot. In 1722 another £200 to meet a benefaction of land and money from the Hon. Thomas Wentworth and Mr. Thomas Wentworth his son. In 1730 Mr. Went- worth, then become Lord Malton, gave another £200, which was met by the governors with the same Sum; and lastly, in 1812, Greasborough had by lot the sum of £400. gº * In consequence of these benefactions the noble family of Wentworth has obtained the right of presentation. - . º A house, called Car-house, in Greasborough, an antient esquire's seat, situated about a mile from Rotherham, was granted with other abbey lands in 36 Henry VIII. to William Ramsden, who in the same year had license to alienate it to Hugh Wyrral; he in 5 Edward VI, had a like license to alienate to Ralph Rokeby, from whom it descended to Grace Rokeby, who married Conyers Darcy, Esq. I find also that in 9 Elizabeth Mousden Car in Greasborough was granted by John Parker, of Norton Lees, gent, to Richard Burrowes, of Rotherham, and Margaret his wife. The premises are described as then late in the tenure of John Snell, deceased. This Richard Burrowes appointed John Lupton and another to do suit for him at the court of the Lord Hunsdon for his manor and fee of Coningsborough. . The descendants of Burrowes lived at Car-house for several generations. Car-house has since been the residence of one branch of the very numerous family of Fenton, sprung from Thomas Fenton, of Hunslet, near Leeds, who was living in the time of Charles II. [since then it has been the residence of James Yates, Esq., and of several others. The erection of a new church, and the removal of the ancient chapel has been before mentioned. Greasbrough has shared the general progress of the district surrounding Rotherham ; besides its handsome church it has now several dissenting chapels, and a number of an improved class of dwelling- houses. It has a Board of Health and a School Board, and in every respect is marked by increase and improvement. One part of it being in the township of Greasbrough, though nearly two miles from Greasbrough proper, and really a part of Rotherham, has, by a recent Act of Parliament obtained by Rotherham for borough extension, been given to Rotherham.] A mineral spring, near Greasbrough, attracted some notice at the time it was first discovered in 1839; and from a very exhaustive analysis made by Mr. Layton in 1845, it seemed by comparison with other celebrated mineral waters, to have a fair claim to attention, but it has nevertheless dropped out of notice. Qſinglep. Leaving Rotherham at the west end, and crossing Bow Bridge at the confluence of the Don and Rother, and contrasting the view from thence with the illustration given, showing its appearance fifty years since, we are on the Sheffield Turnpike Road to Tinsley. The following abbreviated account is given by Hunter: The townships of Kimberworth and Greasborough lie on the north of the Don. We now cross the river, and the first of the townships composing this great parish which presents itself is Tinslev. tº º ſº ºis township is at the extremity of the parish of Rotherham towards the west, adjoining immediately on the parish of Sheffield. 590 33 otherham. Much of it is agricultural. There is a large wood called The Park. The population is for the most part collected in a pretty large village situated near the river, and at the point from which the road from Sheffield to Tickhill branches from the road which connects Sheffield with Rotherham and Doncaster. Here is the manor-house and an antient chapel. But the principal feature of the village of Tinsley is the Wharf. The original design for making the Don navigable embraced the whole of the stream from Sheffield to Doncaster. It was found, however, that there were great impediments to the improvement of the navigation in the first three miles of the course from Sheffield. The contractors contented themselves therefore with power to improve the navigation of the river to the utmost extent of the manor or township of Tinsley westward, and to construct and maintain a good turnpike-road, not less than seven yards in width, from Tinsley to the Lady's-bridge at Sheffield. The distance, according to the rude mode of computation then in use, was reckoned to be two miles. This was what was finally done; and for nearly a century Tinsley was the wharf for the merchandise of Sheffield, and the other natural or artificial produce which ascended or descended the Don. But as Sheffield grew in extent and importance the distance of its wharf became in proportion impatiently felt, and various were the schemes which from time to time were suggested for the extension of the navigation of the river as high as Sheffield according to the original design, or for connecting Sheffield with Tinsley by means of an artificial canal. At length, opposing interests being reconciled, the necessary powers were obtained, and the town and its wharf have been connected by a line of water communication. This canal was opened no Feb. 22, 1819. That portion of the park of Tinsley which is woodland is probably a remnant of the antient forest vesture of Brigantia. The pasturable wood in Tinsley at the date of Domesday was a leuka in length and eight quaranteens broad. There can be no reason to suppose that this wood was ever essarted, and then a new wood planted. The paths also through the wood to the neighbouring villages have the air of native tracks. There are points in them at which we have vistas of forest scenery of great beauty; and there are recesses in these woods where the depth and grandeur of solitude may be felt. Had the author of Ivanhoe been as well acquainted with the scenery in this neighbourhood as he is with his own forests and fells, he might have given more of individuality to the site and environs of Rotherwood. As it is, the mind is left in some doubt where upon the map Rotherwood is to be placed; but it could not have been far distant from Tinsley and Brinsworth. 3%im herb, Urtij, Öreaght Gugij, (ſingle g, &c. 59 I Cultivation had proceeded to a considerable extent at Tinsley before the conquest. There were five carucates, and the value was £4. Unlike in that respect to most of our manors, it had three Saxon lords. Their names were Ulchil, Agemond, and Archil. They held it in the time of the Confessor, and we hear nothing of them but that they had given way to Roger de Busli at the time of the survey. The value of Tinsley had undergone a great depreciation. In the Conqueror's time it was only 20 shillings; and there was only one villein and three sockmen on the manor. A mill seat is mentioned. - The name is written Tirneslawe; but here again we have proof of the inaccuracy of the Norman scribes in representing the names of our Saxon towns; for in the Recapitulatio, which is of equal antiquity and equal authority with the body of the survey, the name is written conformably to what is the present orthography and pronunciation, Tineslawe. No satisfactory etymology has presented itself. There is an apparent variation between the account given of this place in the body of the survey and in the Recapitulation. In the latter Roger de Busli is said to hold eight carucates and one bovate. But this arises from reckoning the four carucates of Orgrave as part of Tinsley. The king is also said to have seven bovates here, of which I can find no account in the survey. Tinsley having become by gift of the Conqueror part of the possessions of Roger de Busli, it became a dependance on his castle of Tickhill, and was held under him by a race of mesne lords. Here the honour of Tickhill abutted upon Hallamshire.a Tinsley presents one of the very few instances in which we see the direct descendant and heir of the earliest mesne lord of whom any account remains still in possession of the manor, and little, if any, of the original demesne alienated. In the tenure there was something remarkable. In a very early extent of the honour of Tickhill William de London is said to hold by the Sergeantry of receiving a hawk at Michaelmas and keeping it through the winter. He was to have from the lord’s purse 7%d per diem for the service of himself and of his horse. In a later extent, after the manor had passed to the Wentworths and Denmans, it is said to be held by the same service, with the same recompence annexed. But in Kirkby's inquest it appears as if there had been a commutation of the service; for it is there said that Henry de Tinsley and Walter le Bret held Tinsley as one knight's fee, and that the said Henry was to come to the castle of Tickhill every Michaelmas bringing a pair of white gloves, to receive a hawk to keep; and now pays 40 shillings per annum for the said service. I do not however feel confidence in the accuracy of the old copy before me of that inquest. Clear, however, it is, that the antient tenure was by the service of keeping a hawk belonging to the lords of Tickhill; and since those lords were soon the sovereigns of England, the tenure became in fact the keeping-a hawk for the king's pleasure; and the large reward shows that it was no trifling service, or one which did not bring a serious burthen on him who had to perform it. It was not every mesne lord, even he who was next to the tenant in chief, who had his park; and it is not improbable that the service required rendered a park indispensable. This much is evident, that the lands of Tinsley must have been often the scene of the most elegant, but now most neglected, of the field sports of our ancestors. Gascoign, to whose collections on the family of Wentworth we are so much indebted in all lines of descent terminating in that house, begins the line of the mesne lords of Tinsley with John Buslei lord of Tynslow, who has Roger and Jordan. Roger is described as accipitrarius to King Henry I. and is said to have a daughter, Beatricia, who was twice married, viz. to Archil and to Roger Maieroles. Of this line of Busli I have seen no other account; and Gascoign has not shown where he obtained information respecting this John, Roger, and Jordan. Maieroles is, however, lord of Tinsley on the best possible authority, occurring in the pipe roll of the first of Henry II. A grant to Roger de Maieroles of this manor from King Stephen was seen by Thoresby among the evidences at Wentworth. The changes and progress of the period have in degree also reached Tinsley. It has several ironworks, and the dwellings of the workmen and the working of the large collieries, have nearly united it with Sheffield. The frequent trains of the railway now sweep past it, and past the adjacent embankments of Templebrough, where the Roman warrior once paced his rounds. The ancient chapel, or “Parishe Church of Saynt Lawrence in Tynslow,” of "The boundaries of Tinsley on the side towards Darnal seem to have been not very clearly ascertained. In some deeds respecting Darnal of the reign of Henry IV. lands are spoken of as pertaining to Darnal, and yet being in the fee of Tickhill. I give an extract from one of them, as it is an early instance of a charter being in English: “in all that halfe laride that was som tyme Thomas Chapells of Darnall the whilke lande we have of the gyfte of John Smyth of the same toun, als it lygges in the toun and in the felds of Darnall: that is for to say, in the Hillfeld and in Roberdfeld in the fee of Tykehill and in the fee of the lord Furnyvall, to hafe and till halde unto the forsayd John Staneford,” &c. 592 330th crijam. of which Hunter gives an interesting account, and which, it will be remembered, suffered at the dissolution of chantries, although it was recommended that the “Sacramentalles” should be continued “for the use and comminyon there, the waters being troblesome there in winter,” has been removed, and a handsome new church has been erected by Mrs. William Overend, to the memory of her former husband, George Hounsfield, Esq., and which was opened by the Archbishop of York, on April 19th, 1879. It has cost upwards of £5,000, and presents a strong contrast to the ancient but venerable chapel it replaces. Tinsley is connected with Rotherham by another route than by the Sheffield Turnpike Road, by pleasant country roads, which traverse the noted Brinsworth Common, which was the scene of many a grand muster and sham fight in volunteer times, but which is now enclosed. This road passes the rich, varied, and picturesque array of objects assembled on the dammed- up waters of the Rother at Canklow Bridge and Mill, and is crowned by the forest depths of Canklow Wood and by the lofty sweep of Boston Hills. Orgrave and Catcliffe were both anciently members of Tinsley, and with Dalton and the other places named, composed the large parish of Rotherham. Brinsworth, another of the outlying townships, portions of which actually form part of Rotherham and Masbrough, will be included in the borough extension of Rotherham. It is now becoming thickly populated, and contains several of the largest manufactories. Its records, although slight, boast remote antiquity, as Templebrough, now re-asserting its early importance, is in this township; and Ickles, it has been conjectured, being so near the Roman camp, from its name, may have connection with Ickneild Street. Canklow Bridge and Mill. T E M P L E B O R O U G H C. A M P. CAP & BASES OF COLUMNS, Ø % Ø Ż º - 22 22 Ž% º % 2. **.l f; REFERENCES, W % *z, *y - Ž Žſ 2 */2442/%.” ſ *4%. *A*/* 2% S C A L E. FEET 4o 20 40 so 30 go 200 LH. H. HHIETE Edward Oliver. Del. Engraved by Robert WhiteWorksop. 3- ºiſ ſº º $4%ºſſºs ëſº). Wºfºº t S. NSºMº º | 62 W # t % N 3% l ºzº % 75×32. S º - - * HRumân întiſtrijam. By 9 OHN DANIEL LEADER, Esq., F.S.A. sº HIS volume would be incomplete were no mention made of the time when a | Roman town stood on the west bank of the Rother, as modern Rotherham stands on its east bank. The Rev. Joseph Hunter, the able historian and topographer of South Yorkshire, introduces his chapter on Rotherham by referring to the vexed question whether the town had a Roman name, and thus sums up the argument:-‘ On the whole, as the subject now stands, I would recommend to the good people of Rotherham to be content with a Saxon antiquity, to which the early foundation of their church and the great extent of their parish justly entitle them.” Happily, we have now got beyond that state of uncertainty and doubt, and can, with confidence, affirm that early in the Roman occupation of Britain, a station of some importance was founded near the spot where the Rother flows into the Don; that it suffered the usual vicissitudes of troublous times, was overthrown and burnt, was re-occupied and rebuilt, and finally perished during the centuries of turbulence that succeeded the departure of the Roman legions. - The district in which Rotherham stands, formed the southern frontier of the Brigantes, the largest of the British tribes, who dwelt in that part of the country which we now call Durham, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. Their northern boundary stretched from the Solway to the Tyne; their southern from the Mersey to the Humber. Judging from the number of their towns, the extent of their fortifications, and the vigour of their resistance to the Romans, they must have been a numerous and a warlike people. In A.D. 69, they were brought under the Roman yoke. Tacitus tells us that on the accession of Vespasian, great commanders and well-appointed armies were sent over to Britain, who abated the confidence of the enemy, “and Petilius Cerealis struck terror by an attack upon the Brigantes, who are reputed to compose the most populous state in the whole province. Many battles were fought, some of them attended with much bloodshed, and the greater part of the Brigantes were either brought into subjection or involved in the ravages of war.” Nine years later, the famous Julius Agricola entered upon the government of Britain, consolidated and extended the conquests of his predecessors, and pursued a policy towards the conquered which is thus described by Tacitus: * Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. 2. 7 S 594 #otherham. The succeeding winter was employed in the most salutary measures. In order, by a taste of pleasures, to reclaim the natives from that rude and unsettled state which prompted them to war, and reconcile them to quiet and tranquility, he incited them, by private instigation and public encouragements, to erect temples, courts of justice, and dwelling houses. He bestowed commendations upon those who were prompt in complying with his intentions, and reprimanded Such as were dilatory; thus promoting a spirit of emulation which had all the force of necessity. He was also attentive to provide a liberal education for the sons of their chieftains, preferring the natural genius of the Britons to the attainments of the Gauls; and his attempts were attended with such success, that they who lately disdained to make use of the Roman language, were now ambitious of becoming eloquent. Hence the Roman dress began to be held in honour and the toga was frequently worn. At length they gradually deviated into a taste for those luxuries which stimulate to vice; porticos, and baths, and the elegancies of the table; and this from their inexperience, they termed politeness, whilst in reality, it constituted part of their slavery.a - It was probably under circumstances such as those referred to by Tacitus, that the pillars lately discovered were hewn, and the buildings raised in the Roman town of Rotherham. But before speaking in detail of these discoveries, we may with advantage consider the traces that remain in this neighbourhood of a period anterior to the Roman 111 VaS1O11. The honour of first pointing out the true origin and correlation of the various earth- works in South Yorkshire, belongs to the late Mr. Samuel Mitchell, who, in a paper which was published in 1854, established conclusively that a line of British fortresses ran across the country from Combs Moss near Chapel-en-le-Frith to the great swamp at Hatfield Chase. Of these the most remarkable are the camp on Mam Tor, near Castleton, with its double foss and agger; the Carls Wark near Fox House, with its rude but massive stone walling; Wincobank with its dependant camps in the Roe Wood and Wilkinson Spring; and the remarkable rampart which ran from the bank of the Don in the Nursery at Sheffield, and may still be traced from the Occupation Road near Burn Greave to the low-lying land beyond Mexborough. This rampart, popularly known as the “Roman Rig,” is most conspicuous between the brow of Wincobank and the Blackburn brook, and in its perfect state formed an admirable covered way by which warriors could pass unobserved from point to point, while its summit commands most extensive views of the valley of Don, and of the hills beyond. The great camp on Wincobank, which may be regarded as typical of the rest, forms the most perfect specimen in our district of the old British hill fort or oppidum. It is elliptical in shape, measuring about one hundred and thirty-two yards from north-east to South-west, and one hundred and three yards north-west to south-east. It had also a fine spring of water, just without the rampart, at the north east, recently dried up by coal workings. On the north side, where the ground is least precipitous, there has been a double rampart, and on the south-east side the agger still stands thirty-one feet above the bottom of the foss. So enormous is the work, that by our Saxon or Danish ancestors, its origin was deemed supernatural, and so ancient that its ridge became for some distance the boundary between the parishes of Sheffield and Ecclesfield. Upon this eminence doubtless stood a Brigantian city, or hill fortress. In times of peace the native huts may have been scattered over valley and hill. The spoils of the chase, the fish of the Don, and the fruits of the forest afforded sustenance; but when the alarm of hostile approach was raised, the whole community moved with baggage and cattle within the fortified enclosures. Each tribe had its allotted circle, and all the males were warriors. The ramparts, besides the earthen mounds as we now see them, were bound together and raised to a greater height, with timber laid transversely, and the interstices filled with soil, while above all rose a wooden agger or rampire of strong stakes and wattles, behind which the defenders were protected from the missiles of their enemies. The wood has long since perished, leaving only the earthen mounds to mark the line of enclosure; but it requires no great effort of the imagination to re-people Wincobank with the Celts, keeping watch and ward, guarding carefully the fords of the Don, pacing their ramparts, and, when the crisis came, fighting with all their national impetuosity against the solid ranks of the legions. * Tacitus, Agricola, c. 21 : Bohn's translation. 33d man 33 ſtijerijam. 595 In advancing against such a people, the first care of the Roman general would be to throw up a defensible camp; and, after the defeat of the natives, when the occupation of the country seemed likely to become permanent, the temporary camp would be converted into a station or military town. Such was probably the origin of the Roman station near Rotherham. It occupies a position which was a favourite one with that people—the angle formed at the confluence of two rivers. The site, though not exposed, stands well above the valley, beyond the reach of floods, and in free communication with the country south- ward and westward. On its eastern side the Rother formed a broad swamp. On the north lay the more important river Don, crossed near this point by a ford, the defence of which was doubtless one inducement in the selection of the site. Standing on the ramparts of this nameless Roman city, we cannot but be struck with the excellence of its situation. It dominates the whole valley, and, after the fall of Wincobank, not a mouse could stir between Rotherham and Sheffield without the permission of the garrison. In the Praetorium, Roman laws were administered and Roman influence spread into the country around. We have called it a nameless city, and so far nothing has been discovered to remove this reproach. But it must be confessed that the Roman geography of Britain is a matter on which further light is required. Our authorities on the subject are, (1) the “Antonine Itinerary,” ascribed to the time of the Emperor Hadrian (A.D. 117-138); (2) the “Geography of Ptolemy,” belonging to about the same period; (3) the “Peutingerian Tables,” so called after Dr. Peutinger, in whose library they were first noticed; (4) the “ Notitia Dignitatum,” a kind of Roman army list compiled about the year 400 A.D.; and, (5) the “Chorography of Ravenna,” an anonymous work of uncertain date, but apparently of the seventh century, which furnishes a catalogue of the names of places, arranged sometimes in iters, sometimes in groups. For our present purpose the “Antonine Itinerary,” the “ Notitia,” and the Ravenna work will suffice. But before going further, it may be well to dispose of the so-called identification of Templebrough with the station “Ad Fines,” mentioned in the 18th Iter of Richard of Cirencester. This iter was laid down from York, through the middle of the island to Bittern, near Southampton. The portion of it relating to this neighbourhood stands as follows:— Aö. Eòoraco per medium. /nsula Clausentum usque, sic Zégiolo . - * - º m. p. xxi Castleford. Ad A'izzes . se - o xviij Templebrough. — — — . e -> º e xv.j Tapton Hill, Chesterfield. - - - - . . . - xvj Camp, near Penkridge. Derventiome . - s e xvj Little Chester, near Derby. That there have been Roman stations on the sites here indicated may not be disputed, for their existence enabled the ingenious impostor to construct his iter; but it is idle to discuss the question of names which rest on the sole authority of Richard, for it is now abundantly clear that the so-called Itinerary of the monk of Cirencester is but a clever forgery, palmed off upon the world in the year 1759, by Charles julius Bertram, professor of the English language in the Royal Marine Academy, at Copenhagen. Bertram succeeded in cheating Dr. Stukeley, and other English antiquaries, and so his forgery became established, and enjoyed the honours of a discovery for nearly a century. But it was a fiction all the same, and must now be thrown out of account in dealing with questions of Roman geography. No station mentioned in the “Antonine Itinerary” can be identified with Templebrough. It is true the first iter, A limite, id est, à vallo, Praetorium usque, might seem to point to Templebrough as Praetorium. The iter stands thus:– A Bremenio Corstopitum . º m. p. XX Eboracum Zeg. VI. Victrix © . xvii 17772domora/2 - & e . . ix AJervezzzzozze/2 º e - . vii l/?movizz/2. e º - & g xix AJe/govićia/2 e * - º . xiii Cataractonema - • . - . xxii Aºratoria/7/2 - e e & º XXV Isurium . . . . - e xxiv. 596 330th trijam. The stations between Eboracum and Pratorium are the only part of this iter open to doubt. Both Bentley’s and the Oxford copy read xxii instead of xxv as the distance from Delgovitia to Praetorium. Accepting, however, the longer measurement, the distance from Eboracum to Praetorium was forty-five Roman miles, equal to about forty-two English miles; and measured in a direct line that is very nearly the distance from Templebrough to York. But we are met with this difficulty;-why should an iter end in the middle of the country, and where are the intervening stations, Derventio and Delgovitia 2 Antiquaries have made many conjectures as to the site of Praetorium, but the most probable theory is that which assigns it to Filey on the Yorkshire coast, placing Derventio at Stamford Bridge, and Delgovitia either at Goodmanham, Londesborough, Fimber, or Sledmere. Accepting this conclusion, we find the first iter of Antonine, after pursuing a southerly course from Bremenium to Eboracum, turning abruptly to the north-east until it strikes the coast at Filey, where there was a Roman post of some importance. As there is nothing, therefore, in common between Templebrough and Praetorium, save a similarity of distance from York, the balance of evidence is against the identification of our Rotherham station with the terminus of the first iter. The “Peutingerian Tables” name only sixteen places in Britain, of which six lie north- ward of the Thames. There remain therefore the “ Notitia " and the “Ravenna,” and in considering their evidence I cannot do better than quote a letter from Mr. W., Thompson Watkin, of Liverpool, published in the Sheffield and Rotherham Independent of the 13th October, 1877. He says: Having long studied Britanno-Roman topography, I have been asked for an opinion as to the Roman name of the newly-discovered castrum [Templebrough]. With this request I will endeavour to comply, but my answer must of necessity, at present, be confined to stating probabilities. In the first place, then, I must at once say that the castrum at Templebrough cannot be an Itinerary station. Every station named in the Itinerary, as being in this neighbourhood, has been long since identified. Nor does there appear to be any station named in the “Geography of Ptolemy” which will correspond. There remain, therefore the “Notitia Imperii” and “Chorography of Ravenna’ to be consulted. In the former there is this remarkable feature noticeable. Its author, in describing each section of Britain, gives the names of the stations either from north to south, or from east to west, and always gives the cavalry stations separately (in the same order), except upon the line of the great wall, where he names the stations in regular Succession. It was upon this principle that in the Archaeological journal, Vol. 28, p. 126, I allotted the name of Concangium to the Roman station at Greta Bridge. In section LXIII, this author names first the three cavalry stations under the command of the Duke of Britain, before naming those garrisoned by infantry. The former are Praesidium, garrisoned by the Equites Dalmatarum y Danum, garrisoned by the Equites Crispaniorum; and Morbium, garrisoned by the Equites Cataphractariorum. Now, where were these stations 2 We know the site of one of them, Dazzzzzzz, which the Antonine Itinerary proves to have been at Doncaster. Of the other two, was one to the north of Doncaster, and the other to the south : or was one to the east of it, and the other to the west ? Since the Templebrough discovery, I incline to the former hypothesis. The great station at Malton is known to have been a cavalry station, from an inscription on a tombstone found there, commemorating a soldier of the Equites Singulares. Some antiquaries have recently given to it the name of the Derventio of the Itinerary, from the fact of its being situated on the river Derwent, but this is in total contradiction to the Itinerary itself, which places Derventio at only seven miles from York. This Derventio has generally been previously placed near Stamford Bridge, but wherever it was, it appears to have been only a small intermediate station or mutatio, and cannot have been as far from York as Malton is. I am inclined to consider Malton to be the Praesidium of the “Notitia,” especially as the Emperor's body guard of cavalry (Equites Singulares) were at one time stationed there. But where was the station south of Doncaster, Moróium ? Was it at Templebrough Singularly enough the great Horsley (though apparently on different grounds from those I have mentioned), in his “Britannia Romana,” published one hundred and forty-five years ago, placed it there; and for the reasons above stated I am inclined to think there is a probability of the newly-discovered castrum being the site. The Equites Cataphractariorum who garrisoned Morbium were a body of cavalry, clothed in armour from head to foot. They were chiefly Sarmatians, i.e. Poles, and their weapon was the spear or lance. - * , There is, however, another view which may be taken as to the name of the fortress, based upon the “Chorography of Ravennas.” This author, apparently proceeding from east to west, gives the names of the following stations between Lincoln and Manchester —Bannoval/um, 33 g man 33 ſtijerijam. 597 AWavão, Aqua, Arnemega, Zierdotalia. In the Archaeological journal, Vol. 33, p. 54, I have shown, from the evidence of an inscription on a Roman milestone found near Buxton, and marking eleven miles from Navio, that the station bearing that name was probably at Brough, near Castleton, Derbyshire; whilst as to the name of the next station, Aquae (The Waters), there is but one place in the neighbourhood to which it would apply, Buxton. There several Roman roads centre, many Roman remains have been found, and the Roman baths were only finally destroyed in the last century. The castrum at Brough is a fine one, many Roman remains have been found, but it has never been excavated. It is connected by a direct Roman road with Buxton. But what of the station (Bammovallum) immediately preceding Navío in the Ravennas list? It must have been situated between Lincoln and Brough. Was it the castrum at Temple- brough P Mr. J. D. Leader has shown in his interesting lecture on “Roman Rotherham ” (and by a study of the Ordnance Map, I can confirm his statement), that Brough and Templebrough were connected by a Roman road, similar to that between Brough and Buxton. There is here strong evidence in favour of Bannova//um being the Roman name of Templebrough. It is therefore most probable that the name of the station at Templebrough was either Morbium or Bammovallum, but the only certain method of arriving at the right name will be by the discovery of an inscription in the castrum itself giving us further particulars. Some good authorities do not agree with Mr. Watkin in regarding Templebrough as possibly the ancient Morbium. The late Mr. Thomas Wright, and Mr. Charles Roach Smith, both consider Morbium to be identical with the modern Moresby, near Whitehaven in Cumberland; and Dr. Stukeley was so enthusiastic in this view as to fancy he read on an inscription found there, the word CATAPHRACTAR, which, if correct, would have demonstrated the identity of Moresby with the Morbium of the “Notitia,” where the Cataphractarian cavalry were stationed. Horsley's reading of the same inscription, however, does not bear out Stukeley's, for it only yields him this result, coh I HRAc, which Hubner expands Coh(ortis) I(IT)hrac(um), the second Cohort of the Thracians. However interesting it might be to identify Templebrough with one of the recorded Roman stations, the failure to do so in no degree destroys its claim to be a Roman town. During nearly four hundred years of Roman occupation, Britain became a settled and populous province, and there cannot be a doubt that the country was studded with towns and villages that have found no record in the military annals of the time. The great north road or Ermine Street, ran from Lincoln, by Doncaster, to York, and thus Rotherham, in Roman as in later times, lay off the main line of traffic. But it stood on other roads, as we shall have occasion to show, and if not a prominent military station, was at least the centre of a considerable population. . The Roman station, which we have so far called Roman Rotherham, had acquired the name of Templebrough as long ago as the reign of Henry III., when Ralph, son of Richard de Savile, gave, with his body, to the Abbot of Roche, one carucate of land in Brinsworth, which Peveril held, and Templebrough, in the territory of Brinsworth.” But the name was, doubtless, of much earlier date than the thirteenth century, and comes to us from those Saxon times when the castrum was still a fortification, and the ruins of its columned edifices were supposed by the barbarians to be the remains of a temple. Camden, the father of English antiquaries, writing towards the close of the sixteenth century, does not notice the place; but Bishop Gibson, who published, in 1695, a translation of Camden’s “Britannia,” with “additions and improvements,” interpolates the following paragraph:- Before the river Don comes to Rotherham it passes close by a fair Roman fortification, called Templebrough. The north-east corner of it is worn away by the river. The area is about two hundred paces long and one hundred and twenty broad, besides the agger, and without it is a very large bench, thirty-seven paces deep from the middle of the rampire to the bottom. On the outside of it is another large bench, upon which are huge trees; and upon the side of the bench of the highway there grew a chestnut tree that had scarce any bark upon it, but only upon some top branches which bore leaves. It was not tall, but the bole could Scarcely be fathomed by three men. - On the north side of the river, over against Templebrough, is a high hill, called Wincobank, from which a large bank is continued, without interruption, almost five miles, being in one place called Danes Bank. And about a quarter of a mile south from Kemp Bank (over which this * Aveling’s “History of Roche Abbey,” p. 147. * Gibson’s “Camden.” Edition, 1722, p. 847. 598 - 3āotherijam. bank runs) there is another agger, which runs parallel with that from a place called Birchwood, running towards Mexburgh, and terminating within half a mile of its west end, as Kemp Bank runs by Swinton to Mexburgh more north. Horsley, in his “ Britannia Romana,” published in 1732, refers to this passage, and seeks, as we have already seen, to identify the station with the Morbium of the “Notitia Imperii,” where the Equites Cataphractariorum were stationed. The Rev. Joseph Hunter, in his “South Yorkshire,” published in 1831, thus describes the place:– “It is situated,” he says, “on the south bank of the river, a very small space being left between the outer agger and the water. The area is defended by a double agger, the outer line exceeding the inner considerably in height and thickness. The lines are parallel, and the space between the two lines equal, except that it is much smaller on the side towards the north.” Mr. john Holland devotes a chapter in his “Tour of the Don,” published in 1837, to Templebrough, but beyond quoting the passage above given from Gibson, contrives to tell us very little about the place. He mentions a tradition, however, which may be taken for what it is worth. Mr. Holland says, “I am not aware that any vestigia connected with the ancient military occupation of this spot have been found, unless, perhaps, a few fragments of pottery. There is, indeed, a story generally prevalent in the neighbourhood, to the effect that a plate of metal containing unintelligible words, was once picked up at Temple- brough, by a man, who, after having used it for several years as a ‘hoodstone,' or hob, beside the fireplace of his house in Rotherham, parted with it for a trifle to a Jew, who had discovered that it was gold.” Probably the Jew was disappointed. • Of other relics found on this site, we may mention an aureus of the reign of Vespasian, recorded by Mr. Hunter,” and another gold coin found by an old labourer working in the ditch adjoining the turnpike road. The latter specimen passed into the hands of Mr. Fullerton, of Thrybergh, the owner of the estate. In ploughing a field on the opposite side of the turnpike road, about the years 1834 to 1836, a farm servant of Mr. Joseph Foster, then tenant of the Brinsworth farm, turned up two small urns, one enclosed within the other, the inner one containing some burnt remains. The outer urn was broken, but the inner one was secured whole, and after standing for some time as an ornament on the mantelpiece of the farm house, was given to Mr. Robinson, surgeon, of Rotherham, in the possession of whose son it still remains. Such, we believe, is the sum of the knowledge possessed about Templebrough down to the autumn of 1877. The castrum then presented itself to the eye as a remarkably well defined quadrangular earthwork, rather longer from north to south than from east to west. The corners were rounded, and the sharpness of the banks worn off by the weather, and by the action of the plough during several centuries. On the south side might be noticed a slight depression marking the place where the principal gate had been ; and on the west could be detected the point at which the western road left the camp. Not a stone larger than a river pebble lay on the surface of the ground; and though, as we now learn, the course of the plough was sometimes impeded by contact with foundations lying but a few inches below the surface, the circumstance excited little interest in the unenquiring minds of rustics, even though the name of the field, “The Castle Garth,” might have suggested visions of departed greatness. But, so effectual had been the clearance of the ground, that the idea of buildings having existed there, never seems to have occurred to anybody." Persons living in the locality regarded it as beyond the range of possibility, and antiquaries at a distance, either classed Templebrough among the numerous castra aestiva of the Romans, or gave no thought at all to so insignificant a place. The discovery, during the spring and summer of 1876, of fragments of unquestionable Roman work in the form of flue tiles, roofing tiles, hypocaustal tiles, and pottery lying on the surface of the ground, gave a new direction to thought. It was perceived that this must have been a permanent station, not a mere summer camp, and efforts were made therefore to explore the ground. * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. 2. * The following entry in the accounts of the Feoffees of * “Tour of the Don,” p. 340. Rotherham, indicates the destruction of some of the ruins: * “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. 2. “ 1553.−Item paid to Robt. Machon for cary& 6 loyd stone from Tempyll brouge 2s.” 33 g man 33 otherijam. - 599 Through the kindness of T. Gray Fullerton, Esq., the owner; of Mr. Swithenbank, his agent; and of Mrs. Wood, the tenant of the farm, the requisite permission was obtained. A subscription raised among the noblemen, gentlemen, and others, of the neighbourhood, provided the necessary funds, and operations began on the 1st October, 1877. The result has been, not only to prove that this was a permanent, but also an important station. The exploration has so far been confined to the southern side of the castrum, and to the ground lying between the vallum and the turnpike road, leaving more than two-thirds of the area untouched. But so gratifying have been the results, that we hope at some future time to see the whole of the ground turned over, and especially that part lying towards the river Don. The first step of the exploring party was to survey the ground and determine accurately the size of the castrum. It measures along the crown of the agger four hundred and fifty feet from north to south, and three hundred and ninety feet from east to west, giving an area of four acres and one hundred and forty square yards; but from the changes the ground has undergone this size is somewhat less than that of the original station as laid out by the Romans. The first operation of the explorers was to cut a grip across the vallum at its south-east angle, and before the expiration of the second day's digging, previously received notions about the character of the station had been considerably modified. At various depths, in the very heart of the bank, were found fragments of Roman pottery and tiles, one of the latter bearing the stamp C.IIII.G. - Here then we had at once an important and interesting discovery. Not only were we exploring the site of a permanent station, but we had identified its builders with that Fourth Cohort of the Gauls, whose headquarters were afterwards at Windolana on the Northumbrian wall. - It is not known with certainty when this cohort came into Britain, but that there were Gauls in the army of Agricola, when he fought the battle of the Grampians, we learn from Tacitus, who makes Galgacus, the Caledonian chieftain, refer to the Gauls, and Germans, and even Britons, whom he sees in the Roman host.” Windolana, the chief station of the Fourth Gauls, is supposed, on good grounds, to be one of the stations founded by Agricola after his conquest of the Brigantes; and in the discovery of tiles, bearing the stamp of the same body of troops at Templebrough, we have presumptive evidence that Templebrough, like Windolana, was one of Agricola's fortresses. The Templebrough tiles are the first on record bearing the name of this cohort, but it occurs on eight stone inscriptions. Four of these were found at Windolana, or Little Chesters, about a mile southward from the great station of Borcovicus; two near Petriana, or Walton House, a small station seven miles westwards from Birdswold, and lying to the south both of the wall and the vallum; one at Castle Hill, the eighth station on Antonine's Wall in Scotland; and one at Habitancum, or Risingham, a station on the Watling Street, north of Hadrian's Wall. From a consideration of the localities in which these relics were found, we may form some idea, however imperfect, of the operations engaged in by the Fourth Cohort of the Gauls while stationed in Britain. The discovery of the tiles at Templebrough, together with the mention by Tacitus of Gauls in the Roman army, under Agricola, lead to the conclusion that this Fourth Cohort formed part of the forces that entered Britain along with that commander in the summer of 78 A.D. One of their first duties, at the close of the successful campaign of 79, was the erection of the station at Templebrough. Thence they advanced northwards to share the honours and the dangers of the Caledonian campaign of A.D. 84, and it must be left to conjecture whether they returned to Templebrough, or took up their quarters at Windolana, or some other Agricoline station in the North. In the reign of Antoninus Pius (138–161) it is clear, from the Castle Hill inscription, that they shared in the campaigns of Lollius Urbicus, the Imperial legate and propraetor, and assisted him in the construction of the Scottish barrier * Tacitus, Agricola, c. 32. “Nisi si Gallos et Germanos refer to the Fifth Cohort of the Gauls, of whom traces exist et (pudet dictu) Britannorum plerosque, licet dominationi in Britain, for according to a diploma of Domitian, issued alienae sanquinem commodent, diutius tamen hostes quam A.D.85, this cohort was then fighting in Pannonia. servos, fide et adfectu teneri putatis.” This sentence cannot 6oo 33 otherijam. extending from the Forth to the Clyde. On the return from this service, they remained for a time at Habitancum, or Risingham; where they erected, probably over the western gate, the fine inscribed slab now preserved on the staircase leading to the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. In the first quarter of the third century they were unquestionably at Windolana, for Mr. Clayton ascribes to that period the two altars in his possession dedicated by Pituanius Secundus, and Quintus Petronius Urbicus. That the Cohort should have remained in the same place for two centuries, until the compilation of the “Notitia,” was quite consistent with the Roman practice; and during that time their outposts may have been thrown westward to Petriana, where they left the altars bearing the names of Claudius Modestus the praefect, and Volcacius Hospeis praefect of the cavalry. Their retirement from Britain, like their advent, is unnoticed; but from the battle of the Grampians to the date of the “Notitia,” gives us a range of more than three hundred years, during which the builders of Templebrough played an active part in the province.” But we must now resume the narrative of the explorations at Templebrough. The prosecution of the work, after one or two experimental cuttings, resolved itself into an examination of the south side of the castrum, and of the ground intervening between the vallum and the modern turnpike road. This has resulted in the discovery of an extensive building having colonnades on the south and east sides, with large and small internal rooms warmed by a hypocaust. The stone thresholds have been much worn by the tread of feet, an indication that the place was one of public resort. The architecture, though rude in execution, is Roman in style, while the coins and other remains found during the digging all point to an early foundation of the station. On the east front of the building lay the main road through the castrum and beyond it a large open space, rudely laid with boulder pitching, in which no foundations have been found. This seemingly open area extended to the eastern rampart; and abutting upon it, in the south-east angle of the castrum, was found a circular well of Roman construction, which on being cleared out, proved to be twenty-nine feet deep, the bottom being the blue bind of the coal measures. Twenty-three feet from the surface the encasing wall ceased, its base resting on a thin bed of coal. Among the contents of the well were many broken hand-millstones and fragments of pottery, some partly decayed timber, and near the bottom, a number of the leather soles of sandals of the ordinary Roman types. In the columned building we recognize the Praetorium or town hall, and in the open space before it, the Forum or market place of this Roman town. But to return to the order in which the explorations were conducted. A depression about the middle of the south bank seemed to indicate the place where the principal entrance to the station had been. There, eighteen inches below the surface, a very rough boulder-pitched road was found; its width not very clearly defined, owing to the disturbance of the surface, but it seemed to have measured about twenty-one feet across. To the west of this road, and on a level with it, lay the foundations of the Praetorium already referred to. First, a wall of roughly-squared stones was discovered, three feet broad and from three to five courses in depth. The stones are laid in clay and earth, similar to those found at Slack, near Huddersfield, and rest on a foundation of boulders and clay. Following the wall along, the outline of the foundations was gradually disclosed, until we saw them as now laid down on the Plan annexed. At one period the edifice seemed to be nearly square, measuring seventy-two feet from north to south and sixty-eight from east to west; but, trenching the ground further eastward, another wall was found, eight feet from the one first regarded as the eastern boundary. In the intervening space were many traces of fire in the form of blackened stones and charcoal. Two feet six inches below the surface lay a pierced black dish (Fig. 1) and two whetstones; and three feet down, a light-coloured earthenware mortarium (Fig. 4) in perfect preservation. On further examining the newly-found easternmost wall of this building it was observed to rest, not on clay and boulders like the others, but on large slabs of stone; and pushing the inquiry a little further, it was seen that fourteen inches of walling had been built over the * It is worthy of remark, that tiles bearing the mark the Roman station has been partially excavated. Altars, COH.v.G., Cohors quinta Gallorum, the Fifth Cohort of the inscribed by the Second Cohort of the Gauls, have been Gauls, have recently been found at South Shields, where found néar Penrith, in Cumberland. ::：*№， prizºntaeIad ºeſoeng uſe， ſº __--_ - - ----- — ！ 11:31） º， ， ºvº zºzºwº zº zºs， ºsztºzy º， ø， ， ， ， º aes aes， wo saevaesºs， *«， zwyzsz， z， z *«， »«， sºwº， zaeº º zºzzº， （~~~~， ， ºssºzº wae º zwºlae ºynae º， ， ， ， ， ， | ， ، ، ، ، ، ºs 30 N3 → 333}} u oſ joºg （H000 HG3 Td W3L Lv 0 N (104 SN IV WEH NV W Oyj 33 g man 33 oth crijam. 6o I large stones of a threshold, thus concealing the bases of two columns eleven feet apart. The clue thus obtained was at once followed, and a row of seven column bases was disclosed, along the east side, buried under this walling. The level of the later wall agreed with the level of the road previously referred to; but the removal of this stonework led to the discovery of another road surface eighteen inches below the first, pitched with boulders, but less disturbed than the upper one. The interval between the two roads was filled with loose stones from a ruined building, fragments of pottery, tiles, and charcoal. At the South- east corner of the colonnade stood a small, shallow stone trough, measuring two feet nine and a half inches by one foot three inches, and four inches deep inside. It was at this point that the threshold was so much worn, with the tread of men, and indeed all along the eastern colonnade these evidences of a busy population are seen. Between the two southerly column bases, with its upper part lying only nine inches below the surface, lay a broken column five feet ten inches long, and measuring five feet two inches in circumference. The part nearest the surface was scored with many marks of the ploughshare, yet it had remained undiscovered, with its broken end dipping at a sharp angle into the ground, nearly resting on the lower roadway. A luis hole remains in the end that is perfect. The column bases already found, had carried pillars only thirteen inches in diameter, but here was one twenty inches in diameter. Clearly then we had something more to find. By this time the trench had been driven well into the heart of the southern rampart. At this point the upper road lay three feet six inches above the lower road, and the bottom of the southernmost column base was five feet from the surface of the ground. Turning the cutting westwards, the bases of four large columns were discovered, twenty-two feet, twenty-three feet, and twenty-one feet apart. (See plan of Camp.) No two of them were exactly alike, but the most easterly seemed to have been the one on which the broken column found on the east side had rested. Above this row of bases lay a bouldered road corresponding with the upper road of the east side, and seeming to lead up to the southern wall, which during this second occupation had formed the southern front of the building. Between the third and fourth bases of this front lay an entire column, with its upper end towards the colonnade. It measures nine feet seven inches long, nineteen and three quarter inches in diameter at the base, and fifteen and three quarter inches at the top. There is a luis hole by which it has been raised into position. - On the plan prefixed to this chapter will be observed two small apartments near the north-west part of the building. In the most easterly of these, many fragments of hypocaustal tiles and flue tiles were found, some of the latter blackened with soot, leading to the conclusion that here had been the hypocaust for warming the edifice. Beyond these chambers, other rooms lay to the northward, and in two of them were rows of upright flue tiles in situ, but reduced by intense heat to a cinder, and surrounded by a mass of vitrified matter like the slag of an iron foundry. The furnace of the hypocaust must have been near this place, but the destruction was too complete to leave any part entire. The large apartment extending from these small chambers to the south front measures fifty-one feet by twenty-eight feet, and seems to have been one room. To the east of this lay another large apartment, measuring sixty-eight feet by twenty-seven feet, divided from the former by a narrow passage, which it has been suggested, was a displuviatum for carrying off the drip from the roofs of the two rooms. A drain, still existing at the southern end of the passage, favours this idea. Let us return now to the excavations about the southern gateway. The discovery of the two road levels in front of the columned building showed that the boulder pitching first come upon at this point was not the original road of the station. Further excavations were accordingly commenced, and here again the two roads were found, one below the other, the interval between them being filled with a miscellaneous debris, including dressed stones, broken pottery, and charcoal. Many of the stones seemed to have been subjected to great heat. A wall of large stones was found running southwards forty-four feet from the south-east angle of the colonnade, and about midway along it a confused mass of dressed and other stones seemed to mark the site of the gate. Here also lay a broken column with a luis hole, apparently from the southern colonnade; and among the stones was one .* 76 6O2 . 330th crijam. much worn from the sharpening of knives or weapons. The road lay on the east side of this wall, and measured only nine feet wide at the supposed site of the gate. It is pitched with boulders, and seems to have had channels on each side, though the channel stones have been removed. Fronting the southern colonnade, a roughly paved surface was uncovered, extending some distance under the earthen vallum, a circumstance which clearly shows the vallum to be later work than the Roman buildings. On the west side of the gateway appeared traces of a guard-house, nine feet by seven feet, and in its south-west corner was a hole, so lightly filled with earth that it attracted the attention of the workmen, and they excavated it until the influx of water stopped further progress. On the other side of the entrance, and two or three yards nearer the interior of the station, another of these holes was found. Probably they were refuse holes or cesspools. Two trenches were cut through the South agger opposite the colonnade, and in the sections thus exposed could be clearly seen how the bank was thrown up over the earliest Roman work, and then over the second road surface. Besides earth and loose material, the bank contains many dressed stones thrown in indiscriminately, as well as numerous fragments of tiles and pottery. Forty inches from the surface a tile, bearing the letters c.IIII., a portion of the mark of the Fourth Cohort of the Gauls, was found, and twelve inches from the surface a piece of dark-coloured iridescent Roman glass, an eighth of an inch thick, having formed part of the flange and side of a bowl. - Perhaps the most interesting relic discovered during the progress of the work lay among the stones of the upper roadway, a few yards within the gate, and eighteen inches below the surface. It is a red cornelian, in a square silver setting, and bears a rudely carved figure of Apollo, probably copied by Some provincial workman from a good classical example. Fig. 5 gives a general idea of the design. After an inspection of this gem, the Rev. S. S. Lewis, of Cambridge, a high authority on such matters, wrote: “It is likely to represent Apollo, radiated, as usual, when acting as the Sun god, and beardless, in sign of perpetual youth. He is also diademated, i.e., has a ribbon passing from his temples round his head, and his chalamys, or scarf, is on his right arm, somewhat as on the notable Belvedere statue. The cross in the field is not unlike a symbol seen on Egyptian and Assyrian monuments, and on a coin of Herod the Great,” and called a symbol of life and strength.” In a subsequent letter Mr. Lewis wrote to the Rev. W. Blazeby, B.A., of Rotherham, who had interested himself actively in the exploration: “Upon careful consideration of your Templebrough gem, I feel persuaded— and Mr. King agrees with me—that the adjunct in the field is nought else but a torch, such as appears on the coins of Amphipolis, and was used in the race described at the beginning of Plato’s “Republic.” - . Between the southern rampart and the turnpike road have been found numerous foundations in a very confused and perplexing state. Quite near the road has stood a large building. One pillar, composed of three courses of tiles, each tile measuring seventeen and a half inches square, was found a short distance below the surface, and upon the top of it lay a mass of broken flue tiles and roofing tiles. One tile, measuring fourteen inches square, was found covering a bed of black earth and charcoal. Charcoal, unburnt coal, wood ashes and coal ashes, formed a bed of from one to two feet thick in this part of the excavations. The number of coins discovered was remarkably small. None of them appeared to have been purposely concealed; they were the waifs and strays of life and commerce, and in consequence had been exposed to the action of nature without the protection of purse or earthenware pot. There were therefore no fine specimens, and several were quite illegible. The following is as complete a list as we have been able to compile: An early brass of Augustus or Claudius, judging from the long neck of the Emperor. Titus, second brass. .* Domitian, , Nerva, 33 : 2 Trajan, first and second brass. 2 Hadrian, 3y yy * Farrar’s “Life of Christ.” Second Edition, p. 13. Roman 330th crijam. - 603 I Antoninus Pius, first brass. I Faustina I. (diva Faustina) second brass. I Victorinus or Tetricus. I Silver Romulus and Remus, broken, perhaps the omission of Some Gallic prince. I Claudius II., Small brass. I One of the Constantines, small brass. Several other coins, too corroded to be decipherable. Some of the burnt remains, old timber from the well, pottery and glass, were submitted to the microscope by Mr. G. R. Vine, of Attercliffe, an ingenious and close observer, and he thus described the result of his examination:— The debris of a great fire is scattered about in many directions, and some of the stones of the pavement and of the roads seem to have suffered by the general heat. Supposing this to be the fact, it occurred to me that the debris surrounding these ruins would yield evidence from the charred remains that would help to confirm this. Accordingly, I procured some of the black mass from above the roadway, buried many feet below the clay, and from around the pillars of the building, that was considered to be true charcoal. This black material is not all charred by fire. A large proportion is unburnt coal, many of the fragments so small that their shape and character can only be distinguished by a hand glass. With the fragments of Coal there are portions of charred wood; and if these are picked out and subjected to a white heat in the gas jet, and portions mounted in balsam, the woody structure is preserved; and, besides having a good microscopic object, evidence is afforded by a comparison of the indestructible tissues, as to what material was mostly used in the woodwork of the station. I find among the white ash many tissues of the oak and of the beech; but the medullary rays of both these woods are closer than in recent beech and oak, and the woody fibres are more compact. I find no trace among the ashes of the pine tribe, but occasionally there are tissues of birch. My impression is, that beech and oak were the woods used by the Roman carpenters or builders, and that the textures of those woods were finer than the textures of the present woods of that name. -X- -X- + There is among my fragments a small piece of glass, triangular in shape, rather less than an inch in width at its widest part, and about one-eighth of an inch in thickness, perfectly flat, but very much scratched. The specimen has been acted upon by heat—not sufficiently SO, however, as to destroy its shape. I picked the piece myself from the debris which surrounded the bases of the front pillars. Under the microscope this is the most beautiful semi-transparent object that I ever found among the ruins. The heat does not appear to have been powerful enough to destroy the thickness of the glass, but sufficient to act upon its structure, and so render the whole fragment one mass of globules. Associated with these globules of glass is some very fine thread-like network which crosses and re-crosses with many fantastic shapes nearly the whole fragment. Entangled with these threads are small globules of resin, or of some vegetable oil, which, when magnified about three hundred times, appear like minute spores. To an unassisted eye the glass is of a greyish green tint, beautifully iridescent. The result of the exploration, so far as it has been carried, thus discloses three distinct periods in the history of Templebrough. First, the time when the columned Praetorium was erected and the lower road found. Second, the time when the overthrown columns were buried beneath the ruins of their building, and when a less ornate and smaller edifice rose above the site of the old one. Finally, came the time when this too, like its predecessor, was destroyed by fire, and the ground was occupied by a ruder race, who raised no stone buildings, but threw up earthen ramparts on the line of the old Roman works, and buried many feet deep the pottery, tiles, coins, and columns that have now been uncovered to tell the forgotten story of Templebrough. And it may be there is something earlier yet, still to be found. What now seems the original work may after all be later than the station which the Fourth Cohort of the Gauls constructed. Indeed, we may be upon but not in the original castrum. Mr. George T. Clark, author of a most able paper on the “Defences of York,” which appeared in the Yorkshire Archæological journal, writes:—“My belief is that at Temple- brough, as at some other Roman stations, York, for example, the earthwork was thrown up by the Romanized Britons, after the departure of the legions, and after the destruction of the Roman buildings by the Picts, Scots, or Saxons. The Britons are known to have practised arts derived from the Romans, and probably understood their system of castramentation, and what more likely, having to defend an area, than that they should 6O4. - 330th crijam. V employ such a defence as the Romans themselves, under similar circumstances, would certainly have employed, that is, a bank and ditch laid out on a rectangular plan. There is reason to believe that Roman Lincoln was so defended, and that Tamworth, Wallingford, and perhaps Cardiff were so constructed de novo.” At the end of April last I received from the Rev. D. H. Haigh, of Oscott, a letter full of learned and valuable suggestions on the questions involved in the Templebrough problem, and just as these sheets are passing through the press, I hear with sincere regret of Mr. Haigh's death. I am kindly permitted, however, by his representatives to make use of his remarks. His letter was dated S. Mary's College, Oscott, 30th April, 1879, and said: Will you allow me to ask if the researches at Templebrough are being continued, and if so, what are the principal results. I feel a particular interest in them because I suspect that you have found the villa régia of Eadwine, and possibly the basilica which he made therein, which were destroyed by fire by Caedwalla and Penda, in 633. This was in campo dono, or in Donafeld, and I have always looked for it along the valley of the Don, upwards from Hatfield, where the battle was fought. Fecit basilicam. Constantine gave to the Church several basilicae, halls where justice was wont to be administered, and they became Christian churches. May not the Roman building, in which you correctly recognize a court of justice, have been made into a Christian church, and the narrow aisle added to it, on the ruins of a portico, by Eadwine, and consequently the name Temple added to the Burg, by the people P In the early ages the name “Temple" was commonly applied to a Christian church. I know S. Aldhelm frequently uses it so, though I cannot just now call to mind an instance of Ven. Beda's. Assuredly it was more natural than any other in the interval between 627 and 633; for we can scarcely suppose the Greek Kupudkm had become the vernacular cyrice during that time. There were temples in many Roman stations, and temples of great importance in some, but there is not a single instance of “Temple” making a Roman station except this. Now, if the destruction of the station had taken place in 138, when the Roman power was at its height, would not the restoration have been on as grand a scale as before, instead of a meaner building on the ruins? Much as these explorations have taught us, more still remains to be discovered. Looking at the plan it will be observed that the investigation has dealt with but a small part of the castrum and its southern suburb. The whole area within the ramparts may be expected to yield the remains of buildings, while the rising ground on the south, over which ran the main road, was probably studded with villas. There too, beside the road, lay the burial ground of the station, and perhaps beneath the surface of the land at Brinsworth farm may be concealed monumental inscriptions that would reveal to us the lon lost name of this Roman station. It is impossible to pass along the road from Templebrough to Rotherham without noticing the prominent knoll on which Ickles Hall stands. The ground towards the road is uneven with many a mound and depression, caused either by quarrying or by buried buildings, and it may be that beneath these uneven surfaces lie the foundations of some Roman house and even the foundations of that temple, with traditions of which the neighbourhood is rife. Be this as it may, we can safely affirm that the Templebrough explorers were not so exceptionally fortunate as to meet with the only fragment of Roman work concealed beneath the ground. There is more yet to be discovered; and, though the exploration has thrown no inconsiderable light on the early history of this part of the country, future investigators may derive yet more from extended researches, and the discovery of inscriptions. The roads by which Templebrough was connected with the neighbouring stations still require elucidation. It is evident, from the remains that have been found, that one of the roads entered the castrum from the south, and a footway across Brinsworth Common was known within living memory as “the Roman Road.” Between Brinsworth Farm and the Rotherham and Tinsley Turnpike, this ancient road has now been closed, and a notice issued in the name of the landlord, warns trespassers against passing that way. No traces of a road remain on the surface, but a removal of the turf would probably reveal them. It has long been known that one portion of the so-called Ryknield Street ran from Little Chester, near Derby, to Chesterfield; but its further course northward remained uncertain until 1847. The Rev. Dr. Pegge, of Whittington, an eminent antiquary of the last century, who made the Roman roads of Derbyshire a matter of careful study, says: 380 mart 33 ſtijetham. 605 “Though I could never hear of any marks or tokens of this road to the north of Chesterfield, yet I find everybody agrees in carrying it on the east side of the Rother to the west of Killamarsh Church, and in making it cross the river at Beighton, and to enter the county of York there on its way to Templebrough.” With this measure of knowledge and conjecture the world had to rest satisfied until 1847, when a short branch railway was made to connect the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Line, near Handsworth Woodhouse, with the Midland Line, near Eckington. The late Mr. John Shortridge, of Sheffield, was the contractor for the work, and he says: “My foreman, William Stevens, pointed out to me a certain paved road, which I had no doubt was of the Roman period, having seen several of the same character. The road is to be found a few chains to the north side of the Beighton Station, and passes under the embankment at a very oblique angle, about eighteen inches below the surface, and was discovered in cutting the side ditches to the said embankment.” Looking at the ordnance map it will be seen that an enclosure, called “Stratfield,” is marked near where Mr. Shortridge describes this road, and, running the eye further south we come upon a small cluster of houses, near Mosbrough, called “Street Fields.” Half a mile further south an earthwork, called “Dane Balk,” is marked, which must have lain near the line of this road. We may, therefore, conclude that Ryknield Street northwards from Chesterfield to Templebrough followed the line indicated by these names, and passed through Beighton. In addition to the testimony already adduced as to its situation between Brinsworth Farm and the castrum we may quote the late john Wainwright’s “History of the Wapentake of Strafford and Tickhill,” where he says, that before the enclosure, portions of a Roman road might be traced on Brinsworth Common.” Northwards, the road passed the Don by a ford nearly opposite the castrum, and continued across the marshes towards Masbrough. It shows itself at Greasbrough and the Haugh, bearing direct for Wath. Thence the line is tolerably direct through Billingley, Great Houghton, Hemsworth, Ackworth, and Featherstone, to Castleford, the Roman Legiolum, on the great road from Lincoln to York. We cannot but suppose that a road also ran north-easterly from Templebrough to Doncaster following the south side of the Don, passing Aldwark, Thrybergh, Conisbrough, Warmsworth, and Balby, but on this point conjecture alone is our guide. On the western side of the castrum may be traced, by careful observation, the point at which the road left the western gateway. Its course was towards Sheffield. Passing Tinsley and Attercliffe it kept the south bank of the Don, following a line not very far from the modern Blast Lane, and so reached Sheffield at the foot of the Park Hill, crossing the Sheaf a little above its confluence with the Don. Near this point, in after years, rose the Norman Castle of the Lords of Hallamshire; and looking at the character of the site, the distance from Templebrough, and the circumstance embalmed in the classic pages of Hunter,” that urns, containing ashes, were many years ago found in the neighbourhood of Bank Street, it is by no means improbable that before the Normans, before the Saxon Waltheof, the ground called Castle Hill, was fortified by the Romans as a subsidiary station, or mutatio. The discovery of Roman interments is perhaps the strongest link in this chain of evidence. Bank Street lies a little to the north of the supposed line of the Roman Road, along the Hartshead and Campo Lane, and is less than a quarter of a mile from the site of Sheffield Castle. Here we should naturally expect to find a burying place if a Roman station ever occupied the ground at the junction of the Sheaf and Don, and here it is said the funeral urns were found. From the Castle Hill, at Sheffield, to Stanedge Pole, on the border line dividing Yorkshire from Derbyshire, is a nearly direct line. This was the course followed by the Roman Road on its way to Navio, the modern Brough, near Castleton, and thence it proceeded, by a route very clearly traced by the Rev. Dr. Pegge, to Aquae or Buxton. Leaving Sheffield, it passed along the line of Campo Lane, over Crookes Moor, through Lydgate, along the “Long Causey ’’ to Redmires; and on the moors, between Redmires * Hunter’s “Hallamshire,” p. 23. Gatty’s Edition. ° Wainwright, Introduction, p. 32. • Hunter’s “Hallamshire,” p. 25. Gatty's Edition. 606 330th crijam. and Stanedge, the large paving stones of which it was formed in many places remain. From Stanedge, a lofty eminence, and the county boundary, the road skirts the edge of a precipice, and once more taking the direct course crosses the heads of a succession of gulleys carrying moorland streams to the Derwent. Above Bamford it still remains in much perfection, and descends in a straight and very steep line down to the river Derwent, which was crossed by the ford. From the Derwent to Brough, is perhaps two miles, but the exact line of the road has been lost, unless we venture to see it in the deeply-worn and ancient road called Aston Lane, which, however, looks more like a British trackway than a Roman road, though it throws off a branch lane that leads nearly direct to the well-defined castrum at Brough. We have thus shown how Templebrough was connected by roads with the stations South, north, east, and west, and when we come to consider the other Roman relics that have been found in the neighbourhood we shall see they have all been discovered upon or near these lines of roads. Let us take them in the order of their discovery. “In the month of April, 1761,” says Mr. Hunter,” “A countryman, one Edward Nichols, ploughing a piece of common land called the Lawns, on the Stannington side of Rivelin, discovered two thin plates of copper, about six inches by five, both bearing inscriptions of which the greatest portion was perfectly legible. The inscription was in substance the same on both tablets; but one was in a more rude and barbarous character than the other, and that was broken into small fragments. On the back of the broken tablet were about a dozen names in two rows, but so defaced that only three could be made out—VRBANI; SEVERI; PARATI. These were thought to be the names of the soldiers of whose manumission and enrolment among citizens of Rome these tablets were the record.” After giving a copy of the inscription so far as it could be recovered, Mr. Hunter says: “After the unsuccessful attempts of some of our best antiquaries to clear up all the difficulties of this inscription, I am not ashamed of publishing, not a version, but an abstract of what appears to be its purport.—The Emperor Hadrian, in the consulship of C. Julius Gallus, and C. Valerius Severus (two consuls it has been observed unknown to the Fasti consulares), grants to certain strangers who had served in the Roman armies, and been honourably dismissed the service, the privileges of Roman citizenship, which he extends also to the wives of those already married, and to the first wife who might be taken by the unmarried, to their children and posterity, with all the benefits of the jus commubii.” These tablets, the first of the kind found in Britain, excited the greatest interest at the time of their discovery. Mr. Broomhead, of Revill Grange, near Stannington, first had possession of them, but antiquaries were quickly on the track. The most perfect of the two plates was secured by the indefatigable Dr. Pegge, of Whittington; the one more rudely engraved came into the hands of Mr. Wilson, of Broomhead Hall. In August, 1762, the Rev. John Watson, afterwards rector of Stockport, through whom Mr. Wilson had communicated the discovery to the Society of Antiquaries, wrote as follows: “It seems my information was the first any member [of the Antiquaries] had received of it; but so great was the alarm which it gave that it caused a very full meeting of the society, who all agreed that it was the most curious thing of the kind which had ever been discovered in England; and as I had given his lordship [the President, Lord Willoughby] very full instructions how to come at it, no pains were spared, nor interest neglected to obtain it, which at last was effected, and it is now in the possession of the Society of Antiquaries. Mr. Pegge, it seems, made several apologies before he parted with it, and at last resigned it with reluctance.” This plate was seen by Gough, the editor of Camden’s “Britannia,” in 1777, but it is now either lost or hidden. The other tablet, which was in the possession of Mr. Wilson, remained in the hands of his descendants until June, 1843, when Mr. William Wilson, of Fenton Villa, Sheffield, sold his grandfather's collections. The manuscripts were purchased for Sir Thomas Phillips, but I gather from Professor Hubner, that the tablet was bought by Mr. William Younge, from whom it afterwards passed to the British Museum, where it still remains.” An admirable representation of this tablet, executed in chromo-lithography, appears in Dr. Bruce’s “Lapidarium Septentrionale,” p. 6. * Hunter’s “Hallamshire,” p. 28. Gatty’s Edition. * Hubner’s “Inscriptiones Britanniae Latinae,” p. 219. łłſ, mart 330th crijam. 607 With a view to the preparation of these pages I recently visited Stannington, and, by the kind aid of Mr. Francis Sutton, of Revill Grange, was shown the exact enclosure in which the plates were found. It is called “The Lawns Head,” and lies a quarter of a mile northwards, in a direct line, from the fourth milestone on the Sheffield and Glossop Road. The land belongs to the Duke of Norfolk, and is still in the occupation of the family of Nichols, the present tenant being grandson or great grandson of the discoverer. The tradition of the famous find is still fresh in the memory of the household, and the circumstances as preserved by them are these: Edward Nichols, the tenant of the land in 1761, was engaged with some labourers, not in ploughing, but in “ridding,” i.e., clearing away the large moorland stones from “The Lawns Head.” One of these blocks of millstone grit had been raised with crowbars from its bed, when Nichols noticed underneath something that he supposed to be treasure. The men working with him had not seen it, so, sending them away for the forenoon “drinking” he quietly took the plates, and afterwards consulted his near neighbour, Mr. Broomhead, of Revill Grange, as to the disposal of them. Learning they were not of precious metal as he had hoped, his interest in the discovery subsided ; and the further history of these important relics is no doubt accurately given in the communications of the Rev. John Watson. The soldiers whose discharge was recorded on these tablets had served in six ala and twenty-one cohorts. The alae were (I) /. Hispanorum Asturum (4) Picenſiana (2) / Qu - rat - - - (5) - - 7 - - - - (3) - - - - - - (6) Petriana The twenty-one cohorts were the following: (1) - - - civium Romanorum (12) /. Fida Vardulorum Civium (2) /. Hispanorum A’omanorum2 (3) / Frisiavonum (I3) /. Batavorum (4) /. Hamiorum Sagittariorum (I4) /. Tungrozuma (5) / Suzucorum (I5) //, / ingoſtume (6) M. Vangiomum Miliaria (16) //, Asturum (7) /. Baetasiorum (I7) //, /Jongonume (8) / Dalmatarum (18) //. Nerviorum (9) /. Aquifanorum (19) ///. Bracar augustamorum (IO) /. Menapiorum (2O) //7. Werviorum (II) /. Ulpia Trajana Cugernorum (21) VI. Nerviorum Civium, A’amanoru/z These troops were all in Britain under the command of Platorius Nepos, legate and propraetor of the Emperor Hadrian, under whom the work of raising the earthen rampart from the Tyne to the Solway was carried out. Perhaps it is idle to speculate how these tablets found their way to the now secluded valley of the Rivelin; but the evidence we have gained at Templebrough leads to the conclusion that there was a considerable settled population in South Yorkshire even earlier than the reign of Hadrian, and some of the soldiers discharged from the troops or cohorts mentioned in the rescript were probably living hereabouts. The discovery of the plates hid under a large stone disposes of the theory that they had been accidentally lost, as was conjectured when it was supposed the plough had turned them up. We must conclude that they were concealed by their original or some later possessors, under circumstances that the imaginative may work out to their own amusement and satisfaction. The situation of the enclosure in which they were found is a remarkably sunny and sheltered one, though in a cold and bleak district. It faces the south, and is protected from the north and east by a steep hill side. Looking at the ground one can well suppose a small settlement may have been made here, especially when it is remembered that the road communicating between Templebrough and Brough ran within less than a mile of the place. Inscriptions mentioning three of these cohorts have been found in the district, and for the sake of completeness rather than for any connection with Rotherham we may mention them here:—the first of the Aquitami, the first of the Frisians, and the second of the Lingones. 608 isotherham. Quintus Sittius Caecilianus, a praefect of the First Cohort of the Aquitami, erected the altar to Mars Bracicae, which was found near Haddon Hall, and now stands in the porch of that baronial mansion.” * A century of the First Cohort of the Frisians, commanded by Valerius Vitalis, has left an inscribed tablet at Melandra Castle, near Glossop.” A stone, bearing the name of this cohort, was also found in 1760, on the south bank of the river Medlock, near Knott Mill, on the left side of the road from Manchester to Stretford, a quarter of a mile from Mancunium (Castlefield, near Manchester).” - Clodius Fronto, praefect of the Second Cohort of the Lingones, dedicated a tablet to the goddess of the Wharfe, which was found near Ilkley, the Roman Olicana." Of the ala of cavalry named in the rescript, two were stationed on the Northumbrian Wall at the time of the compilation of the “ Notitia" (circa A.D. 4oo), namely, the first Spaniards or Astures, at Condercum; and the Alae Petriana, at Petriana. Eight of the cohorts were likewise at stations on the Wall; the first of the Batavians at Procolitia; the first of the Tungrians at Borcovicus; the first of the Spaniards at Axelodunum; the second of the Nervii at Windolama; the third of the Nervii at Alionis; and the sixth of the Nervii at Virosidum; the first of the Aquitani at Procolitia; the first of the Hamian Archers at Magna, the modern Carvoran. Contrary to the very natural anticipation of antiquaries, no further Roman remains have been found near Stannington or Rivelin; but in October, 1877, one of the sons of the Rev. W. R. Wilson, vicar of Bolsterstone, a descendant of John Wilson, the antiquary, found a small copper coin, of the reign of Domitian, lying on the newly-ploughed surface of a field opposite the vicarage. The legible part of the inscription reads Dom IT. AUG. GERM. There is also the outline of a Roman temporary camp on the moor between Bradfield and Broomhead Hall; and near the Saxon earthwork at Bradfield, called the Bailey Hill, several single Roman coins have been found. Part of Broomhead Moor is known as the “Roman Slack,” and it is not improbable that in this wild district the native Britons made a protracted resistance to the invaders. Four considerable hoards of Roman coins have been found within the district of which we are treating. The earliest of these discoveries occurred on the 5th April, 1823. A man named Jonathan Lees, in the employ of the Sheffield Water Company, was fixing some posts in the ground at the lower part of one of the then largest reservoirs of the company on Crookes Moor, when he found thirty or forty small copper coins firmly corroded together, so that they were with difficulty separated. Apparently they had been enclosed in a bag, or other perishable envelope. The coins were of the reigns of Decius, Gallienus, Victorinus, and Tetricus, and would be current from A.D. 250 to 268, and after. Those of Gallienus and Victorinus predominated. It was not until 1853 that another recorded discovery was made. In November of that year several hundred coins were found at Swinton. The late Mr. Samuel Mitchell, in a communication to the Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1854, p. 490, says: A large quantity of silver denarii were found in the latter part of 1853, in one deposit, at Swinton, near Rotherham, near the point where we may suppose the Roman road passed from Templebrough to Castleford. I was told there were three or four hundred of them. Thirty were sent to me for examination; and I found those to be of Galba, Vespasian, Domitian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, Severus, Julia Domna, Geta, and Commodus. They were found in excavating for the cellar of a new house. In the following year, some labourers, digging for clay in a brickfield at Hall Carr, rather more than a mile from Sheffield, on the north bank of the Don, came upon a deposit of silver coins, of which forty-eight were recovered. The following brief account, from the pen of Mr. Mitchell, appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine, for November, 1854, page 490 : - * Hubner’s “Inscriptiones Britanniae Latinae,” No. 176 - b Ibid., No. 178. “Ibid., No. 214. d Ibid., No. 208. 33 g mart 330th £rham. 609 The following is a list of Roman silver coins, found at Hall Carr, or Holme Carr, near Sheffield, in March [or April], 1854: Vespasian . 8 3 Domitian 4 2 Nerva 5 I Trajan . I 3 4. Hadrian 8 3 Antoninus 2 I Aurelius 3 2 Faustina 4 I Sabina I I 48 in all. I8 Of which the eighteen specified in the second column are now in the Museum of the Sheffield Literary Society. The forty-eight coins thus enumerated were purchased for the Duchess Dowager of Norfolk, who presented to the Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society the eighteen of which Mr. Mitchell speaks, and these have now passed, with other objects of interest, to the Public Museum in Weston Park, established by the Corporation of Sheffield, under the Free Libraries and Museums’ Acts of 1850 and 1855. On the 20th September, 1860, about one hundred coins, enclosed in a rude earthen jar, were found in a brickfield, on the lower side of Cricket Road, about a mile from the Sheffield Corn Exchange, within what was once the area of Sheffield Park. Of these the earliest example was of the triumvirate of Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus; and the latest, one of Crispina, wife of Commodus, thus giving a range of 2 Io years. The bulk of the coins, both in this find and those of 1853 and 1854, were of the second century. Those found on Crookes Moor belonged to the middle of the third century of the Christian era. The Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, of 29th September, 1860, gave the following account of the discovery near Cricket Road: A curious and interesting discovery of a number of Roman coins was made on Thursday week, in a brickfield situated between Cricket Road, Park, and the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, the property of Alderman Bradley. On the day named, one of the workmen was picking with an axe in the surface of the soil, only a few inches from the top, when his tool came in contact with a small vessel of baked clay, containing a large number of coins. The vessel was broken to pieces and its contents scattered about; but from the appearance of the fragments it would appear that it had been also broken on a previous Occasion, some of the fractures being evidently old. As it lay so near the surface it is probable that it had been broken by the plough before the field was appropriated to its present purpose. This is confirmed by the fact that several coins have been found scattered about in the surrounding soil. The jar is of very coarse manufacture, and in the centre of the bottom the clay is raised into a low spiral form, apparently caused by the vessel having been made in a mould. The workman who hit upon the treasure estimates the number of coins at about one thousand. He appropriated the lion's share, and shortly afterwards sold them for considerably less than their value. His fellow-workmen and the neighbours soon helped him in the work of appropriation, and the coins were so thoroughly distributed among a variety of owners that it is quite impossible to form any correct estimate of the number. Mr. Roper, chemist, Broad-street, Park, has obtained a larger share than any one else.” We have been able to see about forty-five of them, in the possession of various persons. After referring to the find at Hall Carr, in 1854, the writer proceeds:— The discovery is one of more interest to the antiquary, as being a curious relic of the occupation of this neighbourhood by the Romans, than to the scientific collector of coins, for the majority of them are pieces of money representing the coinage of a period of which very many specimens exist. They are, therefore, by no means rare, and consequently the interest of the numismatist in them is considerably less than it otherwise would have been. They are all silver coins or demarii (the value of which at the time they were made may be roughly estimated at about 8%d, in modern money), and, with very few exceptions, belong to the coinage which is generally spoken of as that of the Pagan Emperors of Rome (as opposed to that of the Christian Emperors) embracing the time from Augustus to Constantine. - * Mr. Roper had fifty-three of these coins. 6 Io 330th crijam. There are two coins, apparently alike, though one is in better preservation than the other, belonging to the triumvirate of Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavianus, or from B.C. 43 to 30. These bear on the obverse the figure of a galley, and on the more perfect one may be traced the letters III VIR R.P.C., the remains no doubt of the inscription M. ANTONINUs (or M. Lepidus, but most likely the former.) III VIR R.P.C., or in full, Marcus Antoninus, triumvir Reipublica constituenda; the translation of which is, Marc Antony, triumvir for the government of the Republic. The reverse of both coins has an eagle in the centre, with a standard on each side. On one only the letters LEG (ion) can be traced; but on the other there is, in addition, the number of the legion, fifteen. Between these and the next in date is a considerable blank, extending to the time of Otho, whose reign began and ended in the year A.D. 69. This coin is much worn, and difficult to identify. Next to this in chronological order come seven of the coins of Vespasian (A.D. 69 to 79), Some of them being in a state of good preservation. One of these can be identified as belonging to the time of his sixth consulship. On another, the inscription, IMP CAESAR VESPASIAN AVG, is very distinct. The reverse of another represents a foot Soldier in the act of spearing a foe. There is one of Titus, Vespasian's son and successor, of which part of the inscription on the obverse, bearing the emperor's likeness, is very legible. It is—IMP. TITUS CAES, VESP. AUG. P. M.: Imperator Titus Cæsar Vespasianus Augustus, Pontifer Maximus. The reverse is not very distinct, but is sufficiently so to show that it records the number of the consulship which the emperor was bearing at the time of the coinage. There are two coins of Domitian, and of his successor Nerva (A.D. 96 to 98) there is one which is a good example. The inscription round the profile of the emperor is, IMP. NERVA CAES, AUG. P. M. TR. P. COS. III. P. P.: Imperator Nerva Caesar Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunitia Potestate, Consul III., pater patriae: the Emperor Nerva, Caesar Augustus, Chief Pontiff, (exercising) Tribunitian power, consul for the third time, father of his country. The reverse bears the words FORTUNA AUGUSTA. Of Trajan (A.D. 98 to 117) there are five specimens, several of them very perfect. The inscription on the obverse of one of these, in the possession of Mr. Roper, is very distinct; and on two, in the possession of Mr. Mosley, of Wybourn Hotel (immediately opposite the brickyard), the inscriptions, though not quite So perfect, are evidently the same: IMP. TRAINO. AUG. GER. DAC. P. M. TR. P. COS. V. (and VI.) P. P. : Imperator; 7 raſano Azgusto Germanico Dacico, Pontifico Maximo, Tribunitia Potestate, Consuli V (and VI.) pater patriae: to the Emperor Trajan Augustus Germanicus Dacicus, High Pontiff (exercising) the Tribunitian power, consul for the fifth (and sixth) time, father of his country. Another gives him in addition the name NERVA, On the reverse of one of these the emperor is represented on horseback triumphing, most likely in commemoration of his victory over Decebalus, whose kingdom, Dacia, this emperor made a Roman province, whence his title “Dacicus.” On the reverse of another the emperor is figured in the act of being crowned by another person. On the reverse of most of these is the inscription (more or less perfect) S. P. Q. R. OPTIMO PRINCIPI: senatus populusque Romanus optimo principi: the Roman senate and people to the best prince. The type on the reverse of another is a draped female, holding a spear in one hand and scales in the other, intended, probably, to be typical of the justice and valour of this “best of the Roman monarchs.” There are five coins of Hadrian (A.D. II.7 to I38) Trajan's successor, by whom he was adopted, some of which bear the names of both Hadrian and Trajan. Of the coinage of Antoninus Pius (A.D. 138 to 161) there are four specimens. One of these bears an inscription, meaning Antoninus Augustus Pius, father of his country; and to this another adds, exercising Tribunitian power, Pontifex Maximus, and the number of the consulship. The reverse of this represents hands clasped, and between them a caduceus or a military standard. The inscription of the third is so erased that it cannot be read, but the profile on the obverse is evidently that of Antoninus, and that this is so is confirmed by the reverse, which bears a martial figure seated on a rock, in her right hand a spear, and her left resting on a shield. This is the origin of the figure of Britannia, adopted for the reverse of the English copper coinage in the reign of Charles II. A similar design is found on the coins of the reign of Galba, representing Rome. A fourth coin of Antoninus is one struck after the deification of the emperor. The obverse bears his portrait, with the hair cut close, and without the laurel, with the words DIVVS ANTONINVS : the god, or godlike Antoninus. The reverse bears a temple surrounded with the word CONSECRATIO : a dedication or consecration. One of the coins bears on the obverse the profile of the Empress Faustina, but whether it is that of the wife of Antoninus Pius (the elder) or of their daughter, wife of Marcus Aurelius (the younger) there is nothing to show. Probably from the fact that the reverse bears a draped female figure, apparently representing Venus, surrounded by the word VENVs, it is that of the latter, as that goddess is frequently figured on her coins. There are also three others of the Faustinas; one bearing the inscription FAVSTINA AVGVSTA on the obverse, and on the reverse a figure of Venus, with the words VENERI GENETRIC. The two others bear the words FAVSTINA AVGVSTA and DIVA FAVSTINA respectively. Another coin bears the portrait of Lucilla, the daughter of Marcus Aurelius, and wife of his colleague, Verus, and has the name of Antoninus as well as of Lucilla. On the reverse of this, too, there is a figure and the name of Venus similar to the one mentioned above. - 330 mart 330th crijämt. - 6 II The latest in date which we have succeeded in identifying is one of Crispina, the wife of Commodus (A.D. 180 to 193). Its obverse bears the profile of that empress, and its reverse has what appears to be an altar, with the inscription GENITALIBVS DIIS. There 311'6' 3. number Of other coins, of which perhaps the inscriptions might be deciphered by the aid of cleaning and patience; and although some of them might be recognised as belonging to a later date than those here described, yet it is evident that, with the two exceptions named, nearly all belong to the period to which we have referred—that of the Pagan emperors. The time over which they extend, at the lowest estimate (from the dissolution of the triumvirate to the COmmencement of the reign of Commodus), is two hundred and ten years; at the highest estimate (from the formation of the triumvirate to the death of Commodus) two hundred and thirty-six years. About nineteen hundred years have elapsed since the coinage of the oldest; sixteen hundred and seventy or sixteen hundred and eighty since that of the most recent. - In order to bring under one view, for convenience of comparison, the various discoveries of coins already mentioned, the following table has been prepared. The information possessed about the earlier discoveries is unfortunately so imperfect as to make the description somewhat defective, both as to the numbers found of each reign and even as to the denomination of the coins. Only in the case of Templebrough can we give, with any approach to accuracy, these particulars. Tabulated View of the Discoveries of Roman Coins near Rotherham.” Crookes Moor, winton all Ua II: Cricket Road, REIGN, IDATE. 3O °. small sº *ins, 7. *I8 sº tº: i. tºº, 22 April, #823. 1853. silver denarii. denarii. - Marc Antony B.C. 43-3o + Galba - A.D. 68-69 + Otho 69 + Vespasian 69-79 + + + Titus 79-81 + One 2nd brass Domitian 8 I -96 + + + - 55 55 Nerva 96-98 + -- –H » , , Trajan 98-117 + + + One Ist and one 2nd brass Hadrian II 7-138 + + + One Ist and one - 2nd brass Sabina I oo-137 + Antoninus Pius 138-16I + + + One Ist brass Faustina I. + + » 2nd , Marcus Aurelius 161-18o + Commodus I80-192 + Crispina (wife of Commodus) + Severus 193–2 II + Julia (Mother of Geta) + Geta 2 I I - 2 I 2 + Decius 249-25 I -- Gallienus 253-268 + Claudius II. One small brass Victorinus' + 35 35 Tetricus -- One of the Constantines 53 55 Urbs Roma One silver * Though not strictly within the district treated in this chapter, we may mention a discovery of silver denarii in a stone quarry at South Anston, near Worksop, in 1842, while the workmen were engaged in quarrying the magnesian limestone for the New Houses of Parliament. A few of the coins were in the possession of the late Mr. John Durham, of Worksop. Among them were: a coin of Otho ; on the obverse, the bare head of the emperor, to the right, OTHo CAESAR ; reverse much worn ; coin of Domitian : obverse, laureated head of emperor, with legend, IMP. CAES. DOMIT. AUG. GERM. ; reverse, an altar with inscription within a wreath, Cos. XIIII. Lvo. SAEc. FEC., an inscription which fixes the date as A.D. 88, when Domitian celebrated the “ludi saeculares,” games held once in a century. There was also a coin of Trajan in his second consulship, also of Antoninus Pius and the elder Faustina. 61.2 Botherham. All these discoveries were made near the lines of the roads already traced. That at Swinton lay near the road from Templebrough to Castleford, or Legiolum. The one of 1860, near Cricket Road, was not far from the way running westwards from Templebrough. The discovery at Hall Carr suggests that the old Brigantian track from Wincobank, on the north side of the Don, continued to be used in Roman times. The discovery of 1823 on Crookes Moor took place near the line of road leading to Brough. We thus gather that there must have been a considerable population dwelling in the country around Rotherham. Probably they were workers in coal and iron. The explorations at Templebrough afford abundant evidence that coal was used by the Romans; and all about the district ancient cinder heaps are found, to which it is not easy to assign a precise date. Roman Rotherham was the capital of a district, and in the now ruined Praetorium were heard the law suits of the people. At length the time came when Roman power waned and Roman troops were withdrawn; when settled industry was destroyed by foreign invasion, and the fierce marauders from over the sea plundered and ravaged the land. It was in meeting these foes that the Britons strengthened the old Roman station with those earthworks which have concealed the earlier buildings so long that the very tradition of them had faded away, and men Supposed that Templebrough was an earthwork, and nothing more. Destruction swept over the Roman columns; and afterwards overthrew the rougher and plainer buildings that satisfied the wants of a provincial population, content with less than the refinements of Agricola. Tiled roofs and the comfortable hypocaust had been broken into fragments; and the Fourth Cohort of the Gauls, who built the original station, were quite forgotten when the distressed Britons piled up the mounds we see to-day. These times of struggling and suffering have left but little trace. The Roman castrum partly buried beneath its new earthern ramparts, was left deserted. The superstitious conquerors fixed their dwelling on the other side of the Rother, and looked with awe on the goblin-haunted stones of Templebrough. Over the ruin kindly time cast its mantle. The herbage grew, the soil accumulated; and at last men plucked up courage to use the ruins as a quarry of ready dressed material. It was in those days that the Feoffees of Rotherham paid for carting away the stones. The landowners built mill, and mansion, and wall, and ignorance destroyed what utilitarianism failed to appropriate, until the land was cleared of all incumbrance, and nothing of a “castle” remained but the name of the “Castle Field.” The plough passed year after year across the ground, sometimes scoring with its iron share the buried foundations, but never exciting in the unimaginative rustic any curiosity. The recent explorers were quietly laughed at in the neighbourhood, as harmless enthusiasts, with more money than wit. When they came upon the foundations of buildings, it was said they had found an old barn. Presently, however, popular fancy took a bound in the direction of over credulousness, and one sage onlooker suggested that the pillars were Druidical remains. Both remarks and sneers were, however, but part of the amusement to be derived from the work, and for the rest there is no doubt Rotherham now knows more about its early history than it had ever dreamed in its most romantic moments. Some indication of the history of the place has been dug up, and the opening of the chapter makes us anxious for the continuation of the narrative, if that may ever be permitted to come before the world. BU XT O N + comes Moss MAM. To R D. E. R. B. Y S H H O PE sº B. R O U GH * CARLS gork R E. Holm EşFIELD. Vºv RD E good CREASB9Rouch - Mexborouch Sy F \,, - O A \\ - 42 - t - WilkinSONSA ANK * - ( 2. gºº/wincoe / V sproteorough kiRi sãNöALt.----- &P •ºr 2 / "T"-------. O - - TEMFIFBoFout; H ROTHERHAM Ç. THRYBERCH * HATF ELD Fºl ELD LDYWAº. + . •+ W */DON CASTER ** CON I SBOR OU CH * - - ‘. .” ------ fitap Exnlanatory of the N FRONTHER DEFENCES - OF T H E Brigantees & Northumbrians. A. A 7" F / E L D C AIA S. E . Y 0 R K S H 1 R E º B El G. Hiſ O N TS _º |LAU CHTON EN Lt MºBIHÉll-tº- ROCHE A *== * tº \ ^ T- ºr .N. $º" SausſéRE TOD WIC + - .* *}- ^ gº ‘p f w • + * Mosad Rouc H ... z ..º Photo. Litho. R.White, Works op. : & ." : łłmmām Şādālīš in tiſt ſºciſſiſtinitrijūnī) ºf liſtjerjäm. By HEWR Y PAYNE, M.D., and 3'OHN HUGH BURLAND. KIbe riphnicip 119am. N the year 1875 we undertook a survey of the Roman roads, camps, and #| other places of historical interest in the neighbourhood of Rotherham. To ascertain the direction and extent of the Ryknield Way, we consulted the map of Roman Britain, constructed by W. Hughes. However it may differ from other authorities, it seemed sufficient for the present purpose. According to this map, the Ryknield Way diverged out of the Via Fossarum (Foss Way) in the Roman province of Flavia Caesariensis and the British principality of the Dobumi, near the present town of Cirencester, in Gloucestershire. From this point, namely, from the neighbourhood of Durocormovium (Cirencester) it proceeded north by way of Derbentio (Little Chester), Morbium (?) (Templebrough) to Legiolum (Castleford), where it entered the Roman road from Lindum (Lincoln) to Eboracum (York). From Derbentio to Legiolum it follows nearly a direct line. By drawing a line on the map of Yorkshire from Templebrough to Castleford, we found that the Ryknield Way would pass to the east of Barnsley, near the villages of Great Houghton, Brierley, and Hemsworth. - At Morbium (?) the Ryknield Way passed out of the province of Flavia Casariensis into the province of Maxima Caesariensis. The Roman station, which is called Morbium in the map of Mr. Hughes, is called Ad Fines Roman camp, in the Ordnance map; but Morbium (?) and Ad Fines (?) are both for this purpose Templebrough, which must be borne in mind to prevent confusion of ideas. n Templebrough may be readily found by attending to the following directions: It is near Rotherham, and contiguous to the road leading from that borough to Sheffield. The way to it out of Rotherham is by Westgate, Bow Bridge, and the hamlet of Ickles, through the arch of the Midland Railway, along the high-road past Ickles Hall, which is on the left, to the Roman station or camp of Templebrough, which is on the right. On the stone wall, opposite the camp, is a slab with this inscription:-‘‘From Wentworth House VI. miles.” There is a footpath which extends between the camp and the river Don, which may be followed instead of the high-road. The footpath commences at some steps on the right-hand side of the high road, a short distance from the west side of the arch of the Midland Railway, and terminates at the high-road, near Tinsley toll-bar. The camp may 614 - 33 otherham. be distinguished both from the high-road and from the footpath by its sloping sides. It is a quadrangular earthwork of considerable extent, and may be regarded as a fine monument of antiquity. Two hedge-rows coincide with the top of the slope, the one facing Rotherham, and the other facing the river Don. The slope facing Tinsley, and that facing Brinsworth Grange, and the rest of the camp, are in an open field. Up and down the two latter slopes and across the camp the plough is driven; and crops are peacefully grown where once Roman spears bristled. The camp stands in an open plain, and from all sides of it approaching foes would be easily discerned at a considerable distance. The importance of this station may be appreciated from the fact that it stood on the confines of two Roman provinces, namely, those of Flavia Casariensis and Maxima Caesariensis. Hughes draws the boundary line from the estuary of the Mersey, through Morbium (?), to the estuary of the Humber. We may hazard an opinion that Morbium (?) was made a fortified station to overawe the Brigantes or Yorkshire Britons, who had a stronghold at Wincobank. The two camps were in sight of each other, and the belligerents could watch each other's motions; but as the river Don flowed between them, they were in a great measure protected from sudden surprises. A long time elapsed before the Brigantes succumbed to the superior discipline of the Romans. We made several attempts to discover vestiges of the Ryknield Way north of Templebrough. It is not improbable that an elevated piece of ground on the west side of Barbot Hall, which traverses a grass field from south to north, and is thickly covered with oak trees, formed a portion of it. The passenger from Rotherham to Greasbrough may see it on his right hand, as it is conspicuous from the high-road, and is remarkable in appearance. It is in the line from Templebrough to Castleford. Wherever a high-road coincides with a Roman road it is usually called a street. On the Ordnance map, the high-road from Broomhill to Great Houghton is called Street Lane. This road is also in the line from Templebrough to Castleford. Hence it is highly probable that the high-road from Broomhill to Great Houghton and across Houghton Common and Brierley Common to Hemsworth is the true Ryknield Way. When an ancient Roman road is converted into a modern highway its original aspect is obliterated; and as we drove along we did not see much to indicate the high antiquity of this one; but in some parts of it we certainly met with examples of Roman construction. The old oak at Ringston Hill is contiguous to the Ryknield Way; it has still some vigorous living branches, and is reputed to have been a rendezvous of the highwayman Nevison. The bole is fenced in with wooden palings, except on the side opposite the hollow. Such is the bole's enormous girth that it requires twenty paces to walk round it. The views from Ringston Hill are extensive in every direction. 3 ſigman apay from apincobaná to stuinton Common. The wood of oaks at the top of Wincobank belongs to the Duke of Norfolk. The fortified camp thereon appears to be British. Wincobank was a mountain fastness of the Brigantes, or Yorkshire Britons, and the circular earthwork in the wood must be regarded as their camp. We may reasonably suppose that the Romans would dislodge the Brigantes, take possession of their camp, and convert it to their own use. A recognised Roman road is connected with this camp, from which we may infer that the camp was made a Roman station. Nevertheless, it might originally have been constructed by the Brigantes. It does not answer to the description of a Roman camp. The Romans constructed their camps with mathematical precision. They usually made them square or oblong. The position they selected for them was the open country, which they could view for a considerable distance on all sides. The Britons appear to have had a predilection for circular castramentation as well as for circular temples. Wherever they could, they selected lofty eminences for their camps. The shape they gave them depended somewhat on the shape of the ground, hence some of their earthworks are found to be irregular. While Templebrough is marked on 38 ontam 33 otherijam. 61 ; the Ordnance map as Ad Fines Roman Camp, on Wincobank is simply the word “camp,” with nothing to indicate that it is either British, Roman, Saxon, or Danish. Probably it was used by all these conquerors in succession. That one portion of the Roman road was used by the Danes is obvious, because the portion referred to, which is in Brampton Bierlow, has acquired the name of Danes Bank. We may reasonably suppose that each succession of victors availed themselves of the fortifications and roads abandoned by their predecessors. There appears to be nothing to disturb our hypothesis that the camp on Wincobank was originally the camp of the Brigantes. It is of immense size. We walked upon the embankments quite round it. The extent of its circumference is about one-third of a mile. We strode down the path which bisects it, but which does not form its proper diameter, and it took one hundred and seventy strides to cross it. With the inspection of such a noble monument of antiquity we were much gratified. A road proceeds directly from the camp; at first it is scarcely recognisable. We could describe the line which we considered to be a Roman road; but others might differ from us in opinion as to its probable direction. It will be better, therefore, to go where it is conspicuous, and admits of no doubt. We leave the wood by a narrow lane, pass a group of cottages on our right hand, and presently enter the road to Brightside, down which we go for a short distance, until we arrive at a footpath on our left hand, which runs down into Blackburn Valley. This footpath coincides with the top of a well-defined ridge. We proceeded down the footpath, and soon found the ridge very prominent. Our impression was that the ridge was for the most part natural, and that its summit only was artificial. The embankment on our left hand was gigantic, and could not have been wholly thrown up. We observed many stumps of oak trees as we proceeded down the ridge, which had evidently grown upon it, but which had been felled. Judging from the magnitude of the stumps, the oaks must have been fine trees. Green twigs still grew from some of the roots. We could form no conjecture how long it was ago since the ridge down Wincobank had been adorned with a line of oaks. When we got nearly as low down as the Yorkshire Engine Works, we found the ridge deeply bisected by a new road which proceeded from the new village of Low Wincobank, and continued in the direction of Wincobank Railway Station. The descent into the cutting was abrupt and dangerous, so we walked down the slope at our left hand, crossed the new road, and ascended the ridge again below the cutting. There was not much more of it to examine; but we observed that at a short distance before it broke off, it diverged a little to the left. From this point to Meadow Hall the operations of agriculture and commerce have evidently necessitated the levelling of it. The southern portion of the Yorkshire Engine Works appears to cover its site. Passengers by the Midland Railway, while they go from Masbrough or Rotherham to Sheffield, may have a good view of the road as they approach the Wincobank Station. We could no longer follow the line of Roman road as the Yorkshire Engine Works debarred the way; consequently we retraced our steps to the new road by which we entered the new village of Low Wincobank, but which we left by going through the bridge under the Barnsley Railway, near Meadow Hall Station. We were now in the south part of the village of Blackburn, from which we hastened to Meadow Hall. According to Hunter, the barns at Meadow Hall stand upon the Roman ridge. Very likely they do, and we will take him as a competent authority on this point. But there is a square brick mansion, which probably was not erected when Hunter wrote, which conspicuously stands upon it. This brick mansion is separated from Meadow Hall by the lane leading from Kimberworth to Blackburn. From its position on the Roman ridge the mansion is considerably elevated. The abrupt termination of the ridge, where it has been cut through to form the lane, has been converted into a grass-plot in front of the mansion. We mounted the ridge again by a footpath which passes by the brick mansion on the north side; the footpath for a short distance running along the top of it. We followed the ridge into Fisher wood with the South side of which it coincides. From the brick mansion to the end of Fisher wood, the ridge is separated only by a wall from Kimberworth and Blackburn lane. When we came out of Fisher wood, we found that the ridge gradually curved to the north-east. The 616 330th crijam. ridge had been made level with the field on our left; but the slope on our right was conspicuous. Presently we came upon a part of ridge where its slopes were conspicuous, and where it formed a short lane, about seventy yards in length, as there was a hedge-row at the top of each slope. Out of this lane we entered an arable field with the east side of which the ridge coincided; but the ridge had again been made level with the field on our left, whilst the slope on our right was conspicuous. Beyond this field the ridge again formed a lane for about a hundred yards, with a hedge-row on the east side, and partly hedge-row and partly wall on the west side. We next entered the lane leading from Kimberworth to the hamlet of Hill-top, with which the Roman road coincides for about seventy yards, but where the ridge is obliterated by being made completely level in forming the lane. The ridge commences again in a field at a point where a footpath diverges from the lane. At the point where we left the lane leading from Kimberworth to Hill-top, we had Kimberworth Church on our right, and the hamlet of Hill-top on our left. The line of Roman road amongst the shale hills is distinguished by a row of fine elms, which grow upon it. Amongst the shale hills it is no longer called the Roman rig, but Scotland Balk, The term balk is sometimes applied to a long raised line. Scotland Balk is well defined for about three or four hundred yards, when it abruptly breaks off. The shale hills in its vicinity were thrown up when the iron ore was extracted, which was done within the last few years. Between Scotland Balk and Barber Balk, we perceived no vestige of a Roman road; neither did we between Scotland Balk and Kimberworth Park Farm. Whether Scotland Balk divided into two branches, the east branch going to Barber Balk, and the west branch to Kimberworth Park Farm, we could not tell; but north of Scotland Balk we found two Roman roads which were parallel, and about two or three fields from each other. One descended from Barber Balk, and passed by the east end of Hudson's Rough plantation, the other descended from Kimberworth Park Farm, and passed by the west end of Hudson's Rough plantation. This point will probably never be cleared up; but as two Roman roads come so nearly to a junction in the neighbourhood of Scotland Balk, it is not unreasonable to suppose that Scotland Balk bifurcated, and formed two branches. The nearest branch to Scotland Balk is Barber Balk, and as it was apparently the main line, we followed it. Barber Balk is high ground, contiguous to the Rotherham and Wortley high-road, and north of Kimberworth Church. The balk is the Roman road on which stand two or three cottages; the balk is here very distinct, and a public footpath runs along the top of it. From the cottages, commonly called Barber Balk, to Bradgate and Kimberworth Park lane, is but a short distance; but there the balk breaks off. We found it again immediately on entering the field across the lane, where the footpath from Barber Balk still runs along the top of it for some distance, and then along the west side of it until it becomes indistinct. From the lane we last crossed it has oak trees growing upon it. At the east end of Hudson's Rough plantation the balk becomes visible again; we observed on the first portion of it, inside the plantation, an elm and three oaks. The footpath is on the east side of the balk at this point, showing that the path crossed it where it was indistinct. For a few yards a stone wall separates the balk from the footpath. There is a cottage by the plantation, on the east side of which the balk passes. - Out of Hudson's Rough plantation, the balk enters a grass field, which it traverses to Greasbrough Common lane, where it breaks off. The public footpath from Barber Balk to Greasbrough Common lane runs along the top of it through this field. In Greasbrough Common lane we found no trace of it. Probably the balk and the lane are identical to a certain distance, as the lane is in a line with the next portion of balk which is conspicuous. The making of a good cart road would necessitate the levelling of the balk. We passed the small hamlet of Whinfield on our right, and proceeded down the lane until we came to a gate on our left hand, leading to White Hall. We passed through the gate-stead, but instead of going up to White Hall we took a footpath to our right, across a little grass field, which brought us again to the balk. Out of the grass field we entered an arable field; the moment we did so we found the balk to be immediately west of the footpath, with a hedge-row growing up on its summit. From the arable field we crossed a lane, leading from Greasbrough to White Hall. We crossed another couple of fields, where the balk is 33 g man 33 gall 3. 617 immediately east of the footpath. Out of these fields, we crossed the road from Greasbrough to Wentworth House. A line of oaks distinguish the balk from White Hall to this road. We crossed another small grass field through which the balk and the public footpath are identical, and which brought us to Greasbrough village street, at no great distance west of the church. While we were in Greasbrough, we visited the tomb of Paul Rodgers, the author of “Greasbrough Ings and other Poems.” We retraced our steps up Greasbrough street to the point where we broke off. We entered the balk again in the next field, on the north side of the street. The public footpath runs along the top of it, which soon brought us to the bottom of Greasbrough dam, in Wentworth Park. At a very short distance beyond the dam, the balk is bisected by the carriage road from Wentworth House to Rotherham. From the carriage road to the east end of Lower Haugh it is very distinct, and the footpath is either upon it, or alongside of it. From Lower Haugh it extends to Upper Haugh, with the footpath running along it. A small chapel, which was erected in 1817, stands upon it at Upper Haugh. Should a person go from Kimberworth to Upper Haugh by the footpath, he would follow the line of Roman road, and would sometimes be upon it, and sometimes by the side of it. We presume, when he would be upon it, that it would present much the same appearance to him, that it did to the Romans, and to his British ancestors; namely, that of an elevated, well-trodden pathway. Whether the Roman road coincides with the narrow lane, which leads from the chapel to the village of Upper Haugh, we could not tell, but that it does so is not improbable. To come upon the ridge again, we left the Barnsley and Rotherham road, in Upper Haugh, by a narrow lane which led us down to some chemical works. Before we reached these works, we found the ridge which runs down the field nearly as far as an old coal pit, where it breaks off. This portion of the ridge passes close by the chemical works; on the north side, its exact position may be described as lying between Hooton Roberts road and Birch wood. It is also not far distant from the Roman Rig, which traverses the south extremity of Wath wood, and the two ridges are here nearly parallel. On the north side the ridge has, in a great measure, been made nearly level with the fields; but the slope on the south side is conspicuous. After we had taken a peep into the old coal pit, we entered the wood, where we found the ridge again in a fine state of preservation. We conceived it to be as perfect as when it was first constructed. Through the wood we traced it to the Wath and Rotherham road, where it broke off. We were now on Swinton Common at a point a little below where the Brampton Bierlow and Hooton Roberts road intersects the Wath and Rotherham road, which intersection forms what is usually called four lane ends. We crossed the road to Rotherham and looked into a grass field, when we saw that the ridge ran across the north-west corner of that field, and broke off again at the road to Hooton Roberts. As the ridge pursues a north-easterly direction, it crosses both the road to Rotherham and that to Hooton Roberts near the four lane ends. After crossing Hooton Roberts road, it enters a wood belonging to Earl Fitzwilliam, about one hundred and fifty paces from the four lane ends. The exact point where it recommences in the wood may be readily found from a beech tree which stands a little east of it. The ridge crosses and then runs through the wood, for the most part near the north side. We walked along the top of it, through dense underwood and tall ferns to the east extremity of the wood, where we met with a tall impenetrable hawthorn hedge. Here the ridge terminates. In the cultivated fields beyond we could see no trace of it. A little beyond where it breaks off is a new hamlet of brick cottages called Piccadilly, which is about half a mile from Kilnhurst. The ridge is very marked in Earl Fitzwilliam's wood. On its probable destination we offer no opinion. 78 618 - 330th crijam. 3 ſigman aban from Castle polms to ºrbrough Castle. As already stated, we examined the fields south of Kimberworth Park Farm, to ascertain if there were any vestiges of the Roman ridge which pointed to Barber Balk, or in any other direction; but we found none. Lest we might have missed the object of our search, we took the liberty of consulting Ferdinand Wheatley, the occupier of the farm on the subject, who informed us that he knew of no Roman ridge, nor vestige of one between his homestead and Scotland Balk; neither did he know of any ridge which pointed in a different direction. Agriculture and ironstone mining had evidently obliterated the Roman ridge in this part. We turned our attention to the north, where there is unmistakeable evidence of a Roman ridge. From Kimberworth Park Farm to the south-east corner of Lady Rockingham's wood is a footpath which runs along the top of the Roman ridge. When we left Kimberworth Park Farm we crossed Bradgate and Kimberworth Park lane, and entered upon the footpath (or Roman ridge), which led us down the east side of an arable field to the west end of Hudson's Rough plantation. Inside the plantation, near its south-west corner, the ridge is prominent, though the footpath does not follow it. We pursued the footpath outside the plantation to a grass field, in which it runs along the summit of a well-defined portion of the Roman ridge to Greasbrough Common lane, which separates it from Lady Rockingham's wood. We traversed the field, crossed the lane, and entered Lady Rockingham's wood at the south-east corner, where we found a very prominent portion of the ridge. We followed it several yards amongst the trees and underwood, until we arrived at an old quarry, and pursued our investigations; but we found the ground so broken up by old ironstone mines that the ridge could not be discriminated. We found it again a few yards south of the gamekeeper's cottage, where it turned out of Lady Rockingham's wood into Wentworth Park. At this point, namely, at a few paces south of the gamekeeper's cottage, another Roman ridge joins the one from Kimberworth Park Farm, which apparently comes from Castle Holms, a large camp in Scoles coppice, locally known as Caesar's Camp, but really a British work, a short distance from Keppel's column. This camp is circular, and the embankment is a considerable height all round. We strode across it, and found its diameter to be seventy strides. The ride, or bridle road, through Scoles coppice, bisects it on one side; a small segment is thus detached. Caesar's Camp communicates with Mexbrough Castle by means of a Roman road, with occasional interruptions. We have hitherto spoken of this camp as Caesar's Camp, because the people who live in the neighbourhood called it by this name; but in the Ordnance map it is marked as Castle Holms. We found nobody who knew it as Castle Holms; they invariably said they did not know where Castle Holms was; and when we enquired for Caesar's Camp, they said it was in Scoles wood. Castle Holms may be a familiar name to surveyors and estate agents, but it is not popular. To call earth fortifications a castle is not uncommon: the earthworks at Mexbrough are called Mexbrough Castle; and the earthworks at Laughton-en-le-Morthen are called the castle. We consider the camp at Scoles coppice to be of British origin, and to have been taken possession of by the Romans. We saw no vestige of Roman road in that portion of Wentworth park which lies between Scoles coppice and Lady Rockingham's wood; but in Lady Rockingham's wood there is a prominent rig which points directly to Castle Holms, or Caesar's Camp. The ridge between the coppice and the wood has probably been levelled. We entered Lady Rockingham's wood when we left Caesar's Camp, across a sunk fence, two or three yards from which we found the ridge. The distance across the wood is short, and we soon traced it to its junction with the ridge from Kimberworth Park Farm, a few yards south of the game-keeper's cottage. We followed the combined ridge into another portion of Wentworth Park, which extends in a north-east direction to the Dog Kennel pond. Through this portion of the park it is covered or skirted mainly with oak trees, some of which are gigantic. We tried to circumscribe the girth of a huge oak by extending round it our united arms, but we were about two feet short of doing it. We observed where the ridge re-commenced on 330 mart 330 at 3. 6 I 9 the north side of Dog Kennel pond, in which is a small circular island, a short distance from the ridge. This isle probably formed part of the ridge before the pond was excavated. The direction of the ridge continued to the north-east. It pursues its course from the pond for about a hundred and fifty yards, at which distance it is bisected by the carriage road from Wentworth House to Greasbrough and Rotherham. From this carriage road it leaves the park in the direction of the Mausoleum; and its position is clearly indicated by a line of noble oaks which grow upon its summit. Between the gamekeeper's house and the shepherd's house it is not quite so perceptible; but it presently becomes clearly defined, and it continues very distinct until it arrives nearly opposite the Mausoleum. At this point, which is at a distance west of the Mausoleum, we observed a stone which had been set up on the ridge with this inscription, “From Wentworth House one mile.” For some distance from the milestone all trace of the Roman ridge is obliterated. We walked along the footpath by the side of a plantation until we came to the gate leading to the Mausoleum, which was on our right; we passed this and followed the footpath, which skirted a lofty mound on our left, and a deep ravine on our right, until it brought us to a narrow gate and a rustic bridge. We went through the gate, and crossed the bridge, and entered a grass field, where we found the Roman ridge conspicuous and covered with oaks. We walked upon it to the end of the grass field, where we arrived at the Rotherham and Wentworth road, by which it is bisected. We were now between Lower Haugh and Cortwood. We crossed the road and entered another grass field. From the Rotherham and Wentworth road to the Hooton Roberts and Wentworth road, the ridge traverses the grass field we had just entered, and also an arable field. In the grass field, for the length of about a hundred and ten yards, it is fenced off on all sides so that it may be considered to form no part of the field. This portion of the ridge is covered with oaks as usual. The next portion of the ridge is not fenced off, but traverses the grass field until it arrives at the one which is arable; there are three ancient oaks upon it in the open field. We entered the arable field, where we again found the ridge to be fenced off on all sides. Hoober House, the residence of Richard Massey, is separated from the ridge by this arable field. A footpath crosses the arable field leading from the hamlet of Hoober to Low Stubbing; at this footpath the ridge comes to an abrupt termination. For the space of twenty yards where the footpath crosses, the ridge has been levelled. At the end of this distance it begins again, and continues for about ninety yards, when it comes once more to an abrupt termination. The two portions of the ridge on the arable field are covered mainly with oaks ; in the remaining part the ridge has been levelled. We were informed that as it contained clay, the farmers burnt it down, and spread it over the field as manure. We crossed the Hooton Roberts road and entered a narrow lane, which led us to America lane. We found the ridge to coincide with the hedgerow on the north side of the narrow lane. There is a fountain partly under the ridge, and partly in the lane, which attracted our attention from its size and structure. It is constructed of stone, and is about six paces in length, and four feet in depth. The portion of ridge is supported by five stone pillars. When we arrived at America lane we entered a large grass field, where the ridge is scarcely perceptible; but when we entered the adjoining plantation we found it again very prominent, and in a fine state of preservation. From Hooton Roberts road to this plantation the ridge pursues a north-east direction; but in the plantation it suddenly turns south-east, which direction it follows for a short distance, and then as abruptly turns to the east. It thus changes its direction twice in the plantation, nearly at right angles; and its position there is contiguous to the large grass field which we entered from America lane. We followed the ridge until it brought us to the Barnsley and Rotherham road, a little below Stubbing Collieries. That portion of the road adjoining the plantation is called Packman lane, from which we infer it was formerly traversed by pack horses, when probably it was not convenient for carriages. Packman lane is applied to the road from a little below Stubbing Collieries until it nearly arrives at the Brampton National School, in the direction of Barnsley. We crossed Packman lane out of the plantation into a grass field, where we found the ridge pursuing a direction towards Abdy. This field is bounded 62O 33 otherham. on one side by the lane to Abdy, out of Packman lane. From time immemorial the ridge in this grass field has been called by the inhabitants of Brampton Bierlow—the Dane Bank. What use the Danes made of it we have now no means of determining; probably they penetrated this part of the country by means of it. We may presume that the Danes as well as the Romans, were present in the township of Brampton Bierlow. - Between Abdy and Wath wood we observed no signs of the ridge. In Wath wood, the south extremity of which it traverses, we found it prominent and in good preservation. Swinton Park lies south of it. Directly after it emerges from Wath wood it passes on the north side of Brameld's cottage, and breaks off again at a short distance from the Wath and Rotherham road. - Brameld's cottage was the residence of Mr. Brameld, the occupier of the Rockingham pottery, on Swinton Common. The position of the cottage under the Roman Rig is pretty and secluded, and the grounds about it appear to have been laid out with taste; but the cottage is now rather dilapidated, and the grounds at the time of our visit were somewhat overrun with weeds. On the east side of the kitchen garden is a fence of hornbeam, which we examined. Swinton old pottery was founded by Mr. Malpas in 1745. It was carried on by a Leeds firm after him, who manufactured white and brown ware. To them succeeded Mr. Brameld who made white ware and china. It was afterwards called the Rockingham pottery from the following circumstances. The Marquis and Marchioness of Rockingham brought a coffee-pot and a tea-pot from Dresden which were kept in a glass case in Wentworth House for many years. Earl Fitzwilliam, who succeeded the Marquis of Rockingham, took the coffee-pot, and asked Thomas Brameld if he could produce anything like it; he referred to William Speight, his chemist, who said he could produce something similar. Speight made three specimens, one of which was selected for manufacture. This was the origin of the celebrated Rockingham ware. We crossed the Wath and Rotherham road, and entered Smithy wood, which the people about here call the “Brog.” This word, which is probably British, is used to imply primeval forest, in contradistinction to a plantation. We found the ridge very distinct as we traced it through the Brog at the east end of which it again breaks off. Between the Brog and Swinton stables we saw nothing of it; but we discovered indications of it near the stables, and in a grass field, near Swinton parsonage, we found a portion conspicuous. The direction of the ridge from Abdy to a little beyond Swinton stables is north east. Leaving here we went again in search of the Roman Rig, which we found near the south-west extremity of Golden Smithies wood. From Swinton Parsonage to Golden Smithies wood, we fancied we saw indications of it, but they were not sufficiently prominent to enable us to pronounce with certainty that they formed a portion of the ridge. From the position of the ridge in Golden Smithies wood, it must have turned suddenly to the north-west between the parsonage and this wood. We traced the ridge through the wood from its south-west extremity until it took a sudden turn to the right, and pursued its course through the rest of the wood near its north-west extremity. At the end of the wood it again abruptly broke off. In the cultivated fields beyond, it appears to have been completely levelled, as not a vestige of it could we see. From Golden Smithies wood we crossed the fields until we came to a grass field adjoining the Tunnel plantation. On the south side of this field there is a portion of fine, broad, level Roman road. In the hedge-row immediately south of, and and parallel to it, we observed half a dozen oaks which had probably been planted there, as elsewhere, to indicate the line of Roman road. We crossed into the Tunnel plantation, where we could discern the continuation of the Roman way; but for a distance beyond this plantation it was wholly obliterated by the excavations of the Dearne and Dove Canal and the Midland and South Yorkshire Railways. - As the Roman Rig is intersected and obliterated by the canal and railroads, we were obliged to make a circuit to get to it again. We crossed the viaducts over the Midland and South Yorkshire railways, and entered upon the Barnsley and Mexbrough road. We were reminded of our proximity to the ridge, by seeing a row of houses which was denominated Roman Terrace. From Roman Terrace we walked to the Roman hotel; 33 g man 33 gal g. 62 I this was in the direction from Mexbrough to Wath-upon-Dearne. When we got to the Roman hotel we saw the ridge in a field opposite to the hotel. We were now in the township of Adwick-upon-Dearne. The ridge commences close by the Barnsley and Mexbrough road, in a grass field, where it is very prominent. For a few yards it goes in a north-east direction, and then abruptly turns to the east, and this direction it maintains past Woodfield cottage to Mexbrough town end. From Barnsley road to Woodfield cottage there are about a dozen oak trees growing upon it. All trace of it between Mexbrough town end and Mexbrough Castle is obliterated. That it led to Mexbrough Castle we did not for a moment doubt, as it points in that direction; but it has probably been wholly destroyed by the operations of manufactures and commerce, which abound in that thriving locality. We visited the earthworks commonly called Mexbrough Castle, which are reputed to be Roman. We consider them to be of British origin, as they want the regularity of the genuine Roman camp. These earthworks consist of a lofty mound, which might be used as an observatory or watch-tower; also of a capacious camp surrounded by a deep ditch, and some outworks. Mexbrough Castle is in a grass field, on the right hand side of the road which leads from Mexbrough to the new colliery village of Denaby Main. From Mexbrough Castle we proceeded to inspect the great battle ground on Mexbrough Ings. This is a level plain on the north side of the river Don, opposite Strafford sands. The battle fought here was by the Britons, under their king Ambrosius Aurelianus, against the Saxons, under their leader Hengist. The Saxons were totally defeated, and Hengist was taken prisoner. Ambrosius had him conveyed to Conisbrough castle, where he struck off his head. Such was the tragical end of the great Saxon leader. His brother Horsa had already met a death equally violent in another part of the country. Guortemir the son of Vortigern, while pressed in battle, tore up a young tree by the roots, and with it he killed Horsa, and routed the Saxons. Hengist met his death by his treachery to Vortigern. Hengist proposed to Vortigern that they and their followers should join in a banquet, and make peace; both Saxons and Britons were to appear unarmed; the Saxons treacherously concealed short swords about their persons; and, at a given signal, fell upon the Britons, took Vortigern prisoner, and slew three hundred of his nobles. Vortigern died in captivity, and the Britons elected Ambrosius Aurelianus to be king in his stead. Singularly did Ambrose, as the name is rendered in English, avenge the treachery of Hengist to Vortigern on Mexbrough Ings. He treated him with every circumstance of humiliation and insult, and consigned him to the death of a traitor. His body was buried at Conisbrough, and his grave remains amongst us to this day. Strafford sands have a historical reputation. On these sands, at a place where the Don was fordable, our Saxon ancestors periodically assembled in arms to take measures for their mutual defence. They bound themselves by an oath to repel invasion, or in case of any other great danger, they ratified their oath by a tac or touch of their weapons. From this custom the district around Strafford sands, out of which the men mustered, who were capable of bearing arms, became known as the weapon-tac, or might we say weapon- touch of Strafford. The derivation of weapon-tac is wapentake, which still implies a military district, wherein the volunteers are assembled and exercised in arms. To the Wapentake of Strafford, or as it is sometimes written Strafforth, the Wapentake of Tickhill appears to have been joined; the united district is now called Strafford and Tickhill. The Earls of Strafford derived their title from the same Strafford which gave the name to the Wapentake. The historical importance of Strafford sands induced Hunter to trace the etymology of the word Strafford. He derives it from Street-ford. Many of the Roman roads are called streets. A Roman road or street crossed the Don at the point now called Strafford sands where the river was fordable. The ford was therefore the Street–ford, since transformed into Strafford. The sands may now be said to have only a historical existence, as there are none, and there is no ford. The operations of Denaby Main Colliery have greatly altered the appearance of the locality. Mountains of shale approach very closely to the river. Numerous vessels take in cargoes of coal a little below Strafford sands. We were informed that the river had been deepened to allow vessels to go higher up the stream, which destroyed every vestige of the ford. The road in connection with the ford may still be traced. \ %. º 2:25 wº- º % s "º gº º %) § § tº ºp Cº. * (Iijt (5emingu ºf tiſt ſºcialiſmitrijani of Tintijerijam. By A. H. GREEN, M.A., F.G.S., Prºfessor of Geology in the Porkshire College, Leeds, of the Government Geological Survey of England and Wales. |HE country round Rotherham is of considerable interest to the geologist # in more than one respect. Standing as it does in the heart of the Coal- field of Yorkshire, the town is a centre from which an examination of the Yorkshire Coal-measures might very conveniently be made. But Rotherham possesses advantages for the geologist besides that arising from geographical position. As a rule the dip of the beds in the Yorkshire Coalfield is at a low angle, and in consequence a considerable distance has usually to be traversed if we wish to examine the outcrop of any large thickness of measures. We could for instance, if we started from Huddersfield and journeyed eastwards, pass over the whole thickness of the Coal-measures of Yorkshire, see every bed in the series as it comes in its turn to the surface, and at last reach a spot where the Coal-measures are covered up by the Magnesian Limestone; but to do this we should have to travel about twenty-four miles. Around Rotherham, however, the geologist, who wishes to acquire a knowledge of the Yorkshire Coal-measures, finds the information he is in search of packed into a much smaller compass. Owing to a happy combination of geological accidents, of which the frequent presence of a steep dip is the most important, the whole group of the Coal-measures is brought to the surface within an area bounded by a circle of not more than seven miles radius with Rotherham for a centre, and this area abounds in numerous natural and artificial sections which afford excellent opportunities for the examination of the measures. * Another attraction is formed by the “Red or Salmon-coloured Rock,” generally known as the “Red Rock of Rotherham,” which has engaged the attention of geologists, and has been the subject of much controversy and difference of opinion from the days of William Smith downwards. The presence of this sandstone is a unique feature in the geology of the district, for while all the other members of the Coal-measure group are found and some are more advantageously displayed in other parts of the Coalfield, this rock occurs only in a long strip extending from Rotherham to Harthill. (Beological Sections of the Distrid around totherham. l, SECTION ACROSS THE LOWER COAL MEASURES BETWEEN OUGHTIBRIDGE AND ECCLESFIELD. § s Oughtibridge Ecclesfield 's • . . . . . . . FT: § - <-- - . . . . . . FºE - ... -- #4:2:23/Fº ...; : -I-F==== ===%7&MºzaaZºr- zz::::==== . Aºy Sº- *-ºº: º xxx-r----------> - - *-e—= • , ". :->-Ex:--> & SECTION ACROSS THE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF ROTHERHAM TO THE MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE OF HOOTON LEVIT. Moorgate - The Holmes near coal Fock & Coal! * Midland Railway WH/N MooR coa L Aºver, Z) (272. Aºver Rother, **śrows coa L *&^zoos CoA L --------------- - - - *T* Wood coa L A EEZTaºZT £3:Gºß::::::::::: SEAMSAAW cozº; £15.5 ºzºss coal 3:::::::::::::Wàºz. Zºxº~ Eºſa Raazzº-º-º-º-Fºr-ri-º-º-º-º-º- 545 vs. EY coa L - i - } Wickersley Re SH A F T O N co A. L. & * South of Tickhill H00ton L8wit \ i 20*er Mazzzeszazz Zzzzzesłożve - - - Upper Z7. to 7te. wy T. ºf # *= i,” ** > Žižºzāsā- Lºïſºſ.TITTTTTTº f'." FTT. f ** †† :- tº TTzºri - **- £272&d Žižeštofºº ill-lilºt'ſ', º: - S SHA F 7 ow coA L ... 'S § A.H.G Del - - - --- ‘. . - r Engraved by Robert White Worksop. , ºil. Jºëer; , J.Jé i. (520. It iſ g of the 32 right durijſ, all. 623 Thus much will suffice to show that there is an ample field for geological investigation within easy distance of Rotherham. To treat the subject exhaustively would require more space than can be given to it in a paper like the present, but it will be possible even in a sketch no longer than may suitably find place here to point out the more salient points of interest and direct attention to the spots most suitable for their investigation, to show how the configuration of the ground and the scenery of the neighbourhood are dependent on its geological structure, and to explain how far the industries and well-being of the town have been affected by the contents of the rocks on which it stands. A very small amount of investigation enables us to divide the rocks of the country round Rotherham into two main groups. The one, which occupies the western and larger part of the district, is made up of alternations of sandstones, shales, and beds of coal; this group goes by the name of the Coal-measures: the other group, which is called by geologists Permian, consists of limestones, many of which are magnesian," with red shales, marls, and sandstones. It is also easily seen that the Permian Rocks overlie and are therefore of later date than the Coal-measures. These two groups admit of the further sub-divisions shown in the following table:— UPPER LIMESTONE PERMIAN + MIDDLE MARLS, Red shales, and sandstones. LOWER MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE. MIDDLE COAL-MEASURES, with thick coals and few sandstones. COAL-MEASURES. { LOWER COAL-MEASURES, with few thin coals and many thick sandstones. We will now give an account of the more important members of each sub-division beginning with the lowest. - The Lower Coal-measures include the beds lying between the uppermost Millstone Grit or Rough Rock and a seam of coal known as the Silkstone Bed. They contain only a few seams of coal which are thin and of poor quality, and their distinguishing characteristic is formed by the presence of a number of thick beds of sandstone. The following table shows the more important of their minor sub-divisions. The names of coals are printed in small capitals, those of important sandstone beds in italics. Low ER COAL-MEASUREs. Thickness Ft. In. Shales and Sandstones . e & º tº ſº & 2 IO WHINMOOR COAL, variable up to * g e 3 Penistone Flags Shales } 37O Grenoside Rock . º sº tº tº e te * IOO Shales . & tº * º * e & g * 90 Green/moor Rock . º g g * -> º e IOO Shales . sº tº * º g & g sº gº I90 Wharmcliffe Rock . ge wº g & g * Re 90 Shales with Zorley Edge Rock. º g wº ge ë 26O GANISTER COAL . º & g gº º g 2 6 Shales with Middle Rock . & e & tº * g 6O CLAY COAL . tº & & * te gº e O 6 Shales . * tº * tº g * • • º 90 COKING COAL . g * * & es e I 6 Shales . g tº * 9. e * I 20 BLAck Fire Clay Rough Rock, topmost bed of the Millstone Grit. All the beds of the Coal-measure group from the Silkstone Coal upwards, which occur in the district we are considering, are, with one possible exception, included in the Middle Coal-measures. The more important members are as follows:— * That is, they contain Carbonate of Magnesia as well as Carbonate of Lime. 624 3ägth ºtham. MIDDLE COAL-MEASUREs. Wickersley Rock. Measures Dalton Rock & ğ e © ſº & | Measures with irregular sandstones and thin coals SHAFTON COAL. • - Upper Chevet Rock º tº º . . Measures with the Treeton and Oaks Rocks } {} & 3 t & & 780 WATHWOOD COAL. Measures with the TWOFOOT, ABDY, BEAMSHAW, KENT’S THIN, and HIGH 720 HAZLES COALS * e e & tº e & g $ * . 540 BARNSLEY COAL. Measures . & & & * gº & ſº & * * 2 IO SWALLOW WOOD COAL. Measures with the JoAN, FLOCKTON, and FENTON'S COALs | Paré Gate Rock 54O PARK GATE COAL. Measures with WALKER'S THIN COAL Silkstone Rock } ë 3OO SILKSTONE COAL. The Red Rock of Rotherham has not been noticed in this table, because its exact position in the series is still a matter of doubt. Its relations to the Coal-measures will be explained, as far as they are understood, further on. The bottom division of the Permian group is about two hundred feet thick. The lowest beds are very sandy limestones, and there is occasionally at the base a bed of very pure unconsolidated sand. There is every reason to think that in many cases this has been originally a very sandy limestone, and that water percolating through the mass has dissolved away all the Carbonate of Lime, the insoluble sand remaining behind. The upper beds of this sub-division are Magnesian Limestones much purer in character and frequently containing scarcely any sandy or earthy admixture. These beds often yield excellent building-stones, the Anston Stone being a well-known instance. . The Middle Marls consist of red shales and marls with occasional beds of Sandstone. Gypsum occurs locally in this sub-division. The Upper Limestone is usually a flaggy rock of a pale grey colour. It frequently contains Scarcely any magnesia. - . The Lower Magnesian Limestone occurs near enough to Rotherham to be looked upon as one of the rocks of its neighbourhood: the two upper divisions of the Permian Rocks lie so far to the east that it will not be necessary to notice them any further. Such then are the rocks which compose the country we have to describe. Before we come to the actual account of their present distribution and position, it may be well, in the interest of the non-geological reader, to premise a few elementary geological facts. All the rocks with which we shall have to deal, with the exception of the coals, were formed under water, and must therefore originally have spread out in sheets that were approximately horizontal. But it will be seen from the Sections which accompany this paper that the beds of rocks retain scarcely anywhere this horizontal position. They slope or dip at angles sometimes small and sometimes very large. The rocks then must have been tilted after their deposition out of the horizontal position in which they were laid down. These displacements can be best accounted for on the supposition that the rocks have been subjected to powerful horizontal pressure which squeezed them into folds and threw them into a succession of troughs and arches, bending them sometimes into basins and ridges whose breadth is measured by miles, and sometimes puckering them up into minute and complicated convolutions. The mechanical force necessary to effect these displacements must have been enormous, and it is therefore no cause for surprise if we find that the beds have been during its operation broken and fractured, and that the portions on opposite sides of the rents, which were originally continuous, now lie at very different levels. (5 ft. In g g of the 32 tight. Durijſ Gl. 625 Dislocations of this kind are known as “Faults.” The strata have been torn asunder, and the portion on one side of the crack now lies, sometimes a few inches sometimes hundreds of feet, higher or lower than the corresponding portion on the other side. Further it is evident that large portions of the original sheet of rock must have been removed, for beds that once lay far underground beneath hundreds of feet of overlying measures, may now be seen bare of any covering at the surface. This stripping off of the upper portion of a deposit, so that the lower beds are laid bare, has been effected by the action of running water and other agents, and is called Denudation. Next for a word as to the effect which the character of the rocks of a district has on the shape of its surface and its scenery. If the rocks are unequally hard, it is clear that the softer will be carried away by denudation faster than the harder. The hard rocks will therefore tend to stand up in hills and ridges, while the country composed of soft rocks will be worn down into plains or valleys. With us the sandstones and limestones are harder than the shales, and as a rule we shall find that the land rises where Sandstones and limestones come to the surface, and that the low-lying and flat portions are formed of shale. Again, the ridges formed by the hard beds have a peculiar and characteristic form. On the side towards which the beds dip, the slope is long and gentle, and its average inclination to the horizon is only a little less than that of the beds themselves. These long gentle slopes are called “Dip-slopes.” On the opposite side of the ridge the ground falls away much more sharply; the steepest part of the slope is at the summit, where the hard bed comes out to day; the lower part of the slope is formed of the shale beneath the hard bed, and its inclination is less abrupt. The steep, cliff-like summits formed by the outcrops of hard beds are called “Escarpments.” The sections show instances of Escarpments and Dip-slopes, the most noticeable of which are that of the Grenoside Rock in Section I, and those of the Red Rock and the Dalton and Wickersley Rocks in Section 2. - After these remarks it will be readily understood that the country occupied by the Lower Coal-measures, in which thick sandstones prevail, is bolder and more strongly featured than the Middle Coal-measure tracts where the sandstones are less numerous and not so strong. And now that we have cleared the way by an explanation of these technicalities, we may proceed with our account of the geological structure of the district. The prevalent dip of the beds over the part of the Yorkshire Coalfield we are concerned with, is to the north-east, at a moderate angle. A very striking deviation from this normal dip however is found along a narrow strip of country extending down the valley of the Don from Sheffield to Conisbrough. Here the beds dip to the south-east, and between Sheffield and Masbrough the angle of the dip is very large. This strip of country is bounded by two faults, which run roughly parallel to each other in a north- easterly direction, and which are called the Northerly and Southerly Don Faults. Between Sheffield and Masbrough, where the dip is steep, the faults are only about three quarters of a mile apart: north-east of Masbrough they open out till they become about two miles apart, and as they recede from one another the dip decreases. We see clearly enough that towards the South-west the rocks have been squeezed into a comparatively small space, and this could be done only by tilting them at a high angle: towards the north-east, when the compass into which they had to be packed was less narrow, they have room to spread out at gentler angles. By what machinery the rocks have been here wrenched from their fellows, twisted round through a right angle, and jammed in till they rear up so steeply, is a question that ranks among the most important of the unsolved problems of geology. - The country then we are going to deal with falls naturally into the following three sub-divisions: - I. The district to the north-west of the Northerly Don Fault, where the beds dip to the north-east at a moderate angle. w • 2. The ground between the Don Faults, where the beds dip, often at a very high angle, to the south-east. - 3. The district to the south-east of the Southerly Don Fault where the dip is the same as in the first district. ~. 79 626 330th crijam. I. The country to the north-west of the Northerly Don Fault. The dip being to the north-east the lowest beds will rise to the surface on the south- western side of this district, and if therefore we start on that side and work our way towards the north-east we shall be continually passing on to higher and higher beds. - The bottom beds of the Lower Coal measures are well exposed along the steep easterly slope of the valley of the Don between Oughtibridge and Deepcar. The Rough Rock peeps up in the bottom of the valley at Oughtibridge, where the Fire Clay lying upon it is worked. Of the three lowest coals, the Ganister Seam is the most important. Though only of second-rate quality, it is largely gotten for engine and brick-kiln use. Its floor is formed partly of a very hard flinty rock known as Ganister, and partly of clay. Both Ganister and clay are excellent fire-resisting materials. The roof of the seam is black shale through which are scattered large nodules of impure limestone; both the shale and limestone contain in great plenty, shells belonging to marine genera. These fossils are of great interest; there can be little doubt that the mass of the Coal-measure rocks were deposited either in freshwater lakes or estuaries, but the presence here and there of a thin band containing marine forms shows that from time to time during the Coal-measure period the sea overflowed the district we are considering. - . Some little way above the outcrop of the Ganister Coal a thick bed of sandstone, called the Loxley Edge Rock, stands out with a bold escarpment. The summit of the slope is crowned by a long line of battlemented crags formed by the Wharncliffe Rock. This sandstone is here extremely hard and closely grained; it is this that makes the escarpment so sharp; the rock is also traversed by numerous natural vertical cracks along which portions break off under the disintegrating influence of the weather, it is this that makes the escarpment so wall-like and gives it its battlemented outline. That the escarpment has been formed and gradually worked back by atmospheric weathering is clearly shown by the crowd of fallen blocks of the rock which strew the whole hillside down to the bed of the river. The “Dragon of Wantley’ certainly never tenanted the Den now assigned to him; wherever his lair was, its stones have long ere this gone to join the ruins of perished escarpments that lie scattered over the slope. Further to the east the escarpments of the Greenmoor and Grenoside Rocks rise into view. The first of these sandstones is best seen on Greenmoor itself: it is there a very thick bed, parts of which yield an evenly-grained fine stone of a pale bluish colour that makes a beautiful building stone. When traced southwards from Greenmoor this rock decreases in thickness for some distance, but it comes out again in full force on Brincliffe Edge to the south of Sheffield. The Grenoside Rock is a thickly bedded gritty sandstone. The long regular dip slope with which it passes down through the village of Grenoside is as admirable an instance of a dip slope as may be found anywhere in the neighbourhood. A broad spread of undulating country then follows composed of the Penistone Flags. The rocks comprehended under this head are a group of sandstones and shales, in which the sandstones vary very much in number and thickness from place to place. Wherever any one sandstone reaches important dimensions, it makes a conspicuous escarpment; and as the sandstone grows thinner, its escarpment becomes less and less marked. The country in consequence is traversed by a number of ridges which set in and die away in a fitful manner, and in it we miss the unbroken lines of escarpments which characterise the ground to the west where the sandstones are more regular, and continuous. - Around the village of Ecclesfield is a knoll of rising ground capped by a sandstone which overlies the Whinmoor Coal. - About Chapeltown we reach the district where the Middle Coal-measures, with their thick and valuable coal seams, put in. The most important of the lower beds are the Silkstone and Park Gate Coals. The Silkstone Coal is in two beds, each of which averages more than two feet in thickness, between the two coals there is a “parting” of clay or shale usually not more than a few inches thick. The coal is of very superior quality both for household use and for the making of coke. The Park Gate Coal is a variable seam, composed of several beds. It reaches sometimes a total thickness of seven feet including the partings, and hereabouts a portion of it is “Hard ” Coal, possessing great heating power. (5 cologg ºf the ſº tight. Durijſ Gl. 627 The country from Greasbrough through Wentworth to Hoyland is occupied by the outcrop of the measures between the Flockton and the Barnsley Coal. These beds contain few sandstones of any note, and the district is in consequence feebly featured. The most important coal is the Barnsley Bed, which hereabout averages nine feet in thickness. The upper and lower parts of this seam are “soft” or household coal, but there is in the middle a band of “hard” or “steam ” coal, admirably suited for use on locomotives and steamers, for iron smelting, and of great value in all cases where coal of high heating power is required. The Barnsley Coal is occasionally overlaid by a sandstone. This rock is thick and important between Greasbrough and Wentworth and its sharp wooded escarpment contributes not a little to the beauty of Wentworth Park. Another sandstone of note occurs in this neighbourhood above the Abdy Coal; it forms the bold hill on which Hoober Stand is placed. The upper part of the Middle Coal-measures is conspicuous rather for its sandstones than its coals. Its rocks, though inferior in massiveness and hardness to those of the Lower Coal-measures, are yet strong enough to give rise to a succession of fairly-marked features. The Oaks Rock stretches in an unbroken line from Swinton to Barnsley. It presents a recognisable escarpment to the south-west and on the opposite side runs down with a long dip slope to the valley of the Dearne. The portion of this valley we are now considering is one of the busiest scenes of mining industry in the West Riding. The Barnsley Coal is here at its best and lies at a moderate depth, and the South Yorkshire Railway offers facilities for conveying the minerals to market; there is thus every inducement to open out collieries, and they stand thick on the ground. To the north-east of the Dearne valley there is a ridge formed of the Upper Chevet Rock, which runs from Mexbrough through Bolton-on-Dearne and Darfield to Ardsley. The measures above the Upper Chevet Rock have been as yet but little explored. They contain many sandstone beds, nearly all of which are local and irregular in their occurrence; and the broad spread of country in the centre of the Coalfield which they occupy is for the most part feebly featured. There is however in the centre of this comparatively tame district a tract of elevated ground, stretching from Clayton in the Clay to Houghton Common, which is capped by an outlying mass of thick sandstone that probably corresponds to the Wickersley Rock. 2. The country between the Northerly and Southerly Don Faults. This district, which coincides roughly with the valley of the Don between Sheffield and Conisbrough, is perhaps the most interesting portion of the country we have to describe. Owing to the steep dip which prevails over a portion of the tract a great thickness of beds is brought to the surface within a moderate area, and we have presented to us an epitome, as it were, of the most important part of the Yorkshire Coal-measures. Between Sheffield and Wincobank the sandstones overlying the Silkstone and Park Gate Coals stand up in a pair of conspicuous ridges. These natural features have been utilised for purposes of defence in early times. A camp is perched on the summit of the escarpment of the Silkstone Rock in Wincobank Wood, and the escarpment of the Park Gate Rock has been artificially steepened and converted into the old earthwork known as the Roman Ridge. Measures higher in the series are well laid open in the cutting of the Midland Railway between Brightside and Wincobank Stations, where the high inclination of the beds is very distinctly shown. - A curious little knoll formed of the Park Gate Rock lies in the angle between the Midland and South Yorkshire Railways a little to the north-east of Wincobank Station. The sandstone has been largely quarried, and in the excavations the coal may be seen immediately beneath it. - Another excellent section is furnished by the long cutting of the Midland Railway to the west of the Holmes Station. The measures are rearing up at high angles so that in a distance of less than a mile we get a sight of nearly all the strata from the horizon of the Oaks. Rock down to beds not far above the Park Gate Coal. The Oaks Rock itself is not present, for in this part of the country its place is taken by shale. 628 3ānti; trijam. A large fault which throws down to the north-east may be seen in the cutting just north of Masbrough station. This fault brings in again the beds which crop out in the Holmes cutting, and the upper part of the group are a second time well shewn in the railway cutting on the north side of the fault. The dip is still at a high angle. The Midland Railway then crosses a broad flat, covered with the Alluvium of the river Don, and beyond this there is a cutting north of Rawmarsh station, where the outcrops of the Wath Wood and Two Foot Coals are exposed. The dip has here decreased to a moderate angle. The Wath Wood Coal is still worked, and the Abdy Coal has been gotten near Rawmarsh; both are of good quality, the Wath Wood is about a yard thick and the Abdy runs about two feet. - The Oaks Rock comes on at Kilnhurst station. The cutting there shows many excellent instances of the way in which parts of the rock are composed of beds of sandstone and shale dovetailing into one another. The dip at Kilnhurst is moderate, but underground workings have shewn that the beds plunge down steeply along the valley of the Don, and then flatten again to the east. On the eastern side of the Don a fine escarpment of the Upper Chevet Rock runs through Thrybergh Park to Denaby. The rock is directly overlaid by the Shafton Coal, a seam of fair quality about four feet thick, which has been very extensively worked, and is now being raised at a few collieries near Felkirk, some miles further to the north. A large fault, which throws down to the north-east, ranges in a south-westerly direction through Mexbrough, and throws the Upper Chevet Rock in again on its north-easterly side. A little outlier of the rock clings to the fault at Hanging Wood, and there is a broad spread of it to the north of Mexbrough. To the north-east of the valley of the Dearne the ground rises up to the outcrop of the Lower Magnesian Limestone, which ranges from Cadeby Cliff through Melton on the Hill and Barnborough to Hickleton. There is a sandstone immediately beneath the Limestone, which is very likely the equivalent of the Dalton Rock. The combined escarpment of the sandstone and the limestone is much bolder than the escarpment formed by the limestone alone where it has a soft rock immediately beneath it. 3. The country to the south-east of the Southerly Don Fault. In this district we have the same gentle north-easterly dip as in the district first described. To a large extent too the same beds are met with in both districts, so that there is a general resemblance between the two. The measures however that come to the surface here, are none of them so low in the series as those which are exposed in the neighbourhood of Oughtibridge, the highest members of the Carboniferous Rocks are more fully developed, and there is besides the Red Rock of Rotherham to give a new feature in the geology. Both the Silkstone and the Park Gate Rocks are thick and important sandstones at Sheffield. The ridge which rises on the east of the Midland Station and stretches away to the south-east through Norfolk Park, is formed by the Silkstone Rock. The escarpment of the Park Gate Rock is still more conspicuous. It extends from St. John's Church by The Manor to Intake and Birley. Near Sheffield the rock slopes down from this escarpment in a broad and well-defined dip-slope. The coals beneath these rocks are here most valuable beds. The Silkstone Coal lies in two beds, the upper of which averages two feet nine inches, and the lower two feet in thickness, while the parting of clay between runs only about nine inches thick. The coal is of excellent quality for household use. The Park Gate Seam contains from three to four feet of good coal. - To the north-east of the ridges formed by the outcrops of the Silkstone and Park Gate Rocks, there is a tract of tamer country occupied by the measures up to the Treeton Rock. These strata contain several beds of coal, which have been and which no doubt in time to come will again be worked; but the superior thickness and quality of the Silkstone and Barnsley seams have rendered these practically the only beds that are at present gotten, © cologg of the 32 right durij Dob. 629 and in nearly every case the workings in the thinner and less valuable coals are at a standstill. The High Hazles Coal however is still raised at Carbrook, where it reaches a thickness of more than three feet. The only two important sandstones in these measures are very local. Near Woodhouse there is a thick rock over the Swallow Wood Coal, and for some little distance both to the north and south of Handsworth the High Hazles Coal is underlaid by a sandstone of SOme note. As has been already hinted, the Barnsley bed is the most valuable coal among the measures we are now considering. It has here scarcely half the thickness which it reaches in the neighbourhood of Barnsley, but “The Hards,” the most valuable part of the seam, average two feet in thickness. To the east of the tract just described, we come into a country where thick sandstones prevail, and where in consequence the country is bolder and more strongly featured. The lowest of these rocks runs through Treeton to Brinsworth, it agrees in position very nearly with the Oaks Rock of the country to the north. Still further to the east there lies a still higher strip of ground formed by the Red Rock of Rotherham. This sandstone is coarse and thickly bedded and of a red or salmon-coloured tint; it is found only along a strip of ground extending from Rotherham to Harthill, and its exact relationship to the beds among which it occurs is a point on which several different opinions have been held and about which even now some little uncertainty exists. Some facts however furnished by recent colliery workings have thrown considerable light on the question, and it is highly probable that the history of the formation of the rock is as follows:— After a large portion of the Yorkshire Coal-measures had been deposited, the newly- formed beds were subjected to the wearing action of running water and a long trough or valley was cut out in them. This hollow began somewhere about where Rotherham now stands, and stretched thence in a south-easterly direction away through Whiston and Todwick to Harthill. The valley was next filled up by a deposit of red sand which in time solidified into the Red Rock of our day. Then, above all, other deposits were laid down having the same general character as the mass of the Coal-measures. On this view the Red Rock is a Coal-measure sandstone, but instead of occurring in a bed or sheet regularly interstratified with the rest of the measures and extending continuously over a large area, it merely fills in a long valley-like hollow scooped out in Coal-measure strata. For the most part the Red Rock consists of sandstone from top to bottom, but about Rotherham and Harthill there seems to be a band of shale about the middle of it, dividing it into an upper and lower portion, each of which forms a separate escarpment. The double escarpment is very well seen between Rotherham and Whiston; the escarpment of the lower bed runs beneath Boston Castle, the road to Whiston running on that bed; to the east of the road is a valley occupied by the shale band, and on the east side of the valley is the escarpment of the upper bed. There is an excellent section of the Red Rock in the cutting of the Midland railway, two miles south of Masbrough station. The rock is overlaid by shale and sandstone containing a thin coal seam, and is cut off on the south by a fault. To the east of the Red Rock there is a belt of somewhat flat country occupied by shales or soft strata among which there lies a thin coal once worked near the village of Herringthorpe. Beyond this the ground again rises, and at the top of the slope we come on to an elevated plateau, in the middle of which stands the village of Wickersley. This rise in the ground is caused by the coming on of two important sandstones, known as the Dalton and Wickersley Rocks. In lithological character these rocks are much alike; softish, thickly bedded, and finely grained sandstones. They are both worked for building purposes and for soft grindstones. The Dalton Rock is well seen near the village of Dalton Parva. It there makes a good escarpment, which may be traced for about two miles to the south of the village; the feature there dies away and the rock probably thins out. At the top of the slope we reach the escarpment of the Wickersley Rock, which now forms the surface over a broad spread of country, in places more than three miles across. 630 3ädtiſtrijam. The beds lie nearly flat, and, as so often happens when a hill is capped by a hard rock in a nearly horizontal position, the surface of the ground is almost level. Gradually however the beds bend over, and the rock passes away underground, beneath the overlying measures. The measures above the Wickersly Rock do not, as far as our knowledge of them goes, present many points of interest. There is one section in them however too important to be passed over. A large brick-pit on the east of Conisbrough shews the junction of the Coal-measures and the Magnesian Limestone, and at the top of the Coal- measures there are some thirty feet of shale and sandstone of a deep red colour. We can say no more for certain about these beds than that they are high up in the series, and that in colour they differ from the generality of the Middle Coal-measure rocks, the bulk of which are grey, yellow, or brown in tint. Now in Lancashire, North Staffordshire, and elsewhere, there is at the top of the Carboniferous Rocks a subdivision known as the Upper Coal-measures, which are distinguished by their deep red colour. It is possible that the red beds at Conisbrough may be Upper Coal-measures, and if they are, this is the only spot where the subdivision has been recognised in Yorkshire. - We have now come to the line where the Coal-measures are covered up by the Magnesian Limestone. This rock comes on with an escarpment, fairly and sometimes strongly marked, which ranges from Conisbrough, through Maltby, Laughton-en-le Morthen, South Anston, and Harthill to Barlborough. Several detached portions or outliers of the limestone cap hills to the west of the main mass of the rock. The smallest but perhaps the best known of these is the knoll on which Conisbrough Castle is placed. The fine church of Laughton-en-le-Morthen stands on another of the limestone outliers. It is worthy of notice how many large villages stand just on the edge of the limestone. Doubtless geological consideration have determined their sites, though their founders were no geologists. In the first place the dry soil of the Limestone is preferable to the moist sticky ground of the Coal-measure shales below; and secondly, there is usually an abundant supply of water along the junction of the two formations, for while water percolates freely through the limestone, it is stopped and thrown out in springs when it reaches the impervious shales. * The quicksands already mentioned as occurring at the base of the limestone may be well seen at Harthill Clump, and again near Pebbly Dam between Harthill and Barlbrough. There is a point of great importance yet to be noticed respecting the relation of the Magnesian Limestone to the Coal-measures. A reference to the eastern end of Section No. 2 will show that the Limestone dips at a smaller angle than the Coal-measure rocks. In consequence of this the base of the Limestone is not everywhere at the same distance from any given bed of the Coal-measures. One mile to the east of Hooton Levitt, for instance, the thickness of rock between the base of the Limestone and the Shafton Coal is one hundred feet greater than at the village itself. Now originally there must have been the same thickness of Coal-measures at both places. Hence it is clear that at least one hundred feet of Coal-measure rocks have been swept away at Hooton Levitt before the Limestone was deposited. If we extend our observations over a larger area, we find evidence of a removal of the Coal-measures before the deposition of the Limestone to a far larger extent. The Barnsley Coal at Hooton Levitt is some eight hundred yards below the base of the Limestone, but there are places where the Limestone rests directly on the Barnsley Coal, and at these places at least eight hundred yards of measures have been carried away. And this is by no means the maximum thickness that has been removed. Further to the north the Magnesian Limestone rests on Millstone Grit and even on beds still lower in the series, so that at some spots the whole of the Coal-measures and at others even a greater thickness of rock has been carried away. The Carboniferous Rocks then were tilted and very largely denuded before the formation of the Limestone, and since this denudation requires a long time, there must have been a long interval between their deposition and the formation of the Magnesian Limestone. Geologists express this by saying that the two formations are unconformable to one another. After even the slight sketch which has been now given of the mineral wealth of the district, little need be added on the connexion between its industries and its geology, or as to the reason why Rotherham is so important an iron-producing centre. Coal, one important (5 to logg of the 32 tight attrijd Ol. 63 I requisite, is at hand, and one seam, the Barnsley Bed, yields exactly the kind of coal best suited for iron-smelting. The Yorkshire Coal-field is not rich in Ironstone; two seams only are worked in the neighbourhood of Rotherham, one of which lies above the Silkstone and the other above the Flockton Coal. But the quantity yielded by these sources falls far short of the requirements of the great iron-making establishments of the neighbourhood. The deficiency is made good by importations of ore from Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire. These ores can be raised so cheaply, and conveyed by rail so readily, that the local poverty in ironstone is scarcely a matter for regret. But though iron-making is the most important business in the neighbourhood of Rotherham, other industries requiring the aid of mechanical power naturally congregate in a coal-producing district. Among these glass-making and potteries are the most important in the present case. A word may be added on the stones suitable for building, and for making grindstones. The sandstones, though none of them are first-class building stones, are often found to be quite good enough for ordinary purposes; and the best examples of the Magnesian Limestone are, when carefully picked, of very high repute for the purpose. The old keep of Conisbrough Castle has stood the weather for some nine hundred years, and on many of the stones the tool-marks are still fresh and sharp. The architect could have had no scientific knowledge, but experience had taught him to know a good from a bad stone. And the front of the Museum of Economic Geology in Jermyn Street, London, which is built of South Anston stone, shews that Magnesian Limestone, if carefully selected, can stand even the trying ordeal of the atmosphere of a large town. For grindstones of a soft nature, the Wickersley Rock is well adapted, and hard grindstones are fashioned out of the Red Rock. All these natural gifts have contributed to the growth and prosperity of the town of Rotherham. The confluence of the rivers Don and Rother, and the dry foundation afforded by the Red Rock, have probably had much to do with determining its site. It is hoped that the above account will suffice to give the reader a fair general notion of the character and distribution of the rocks which form the surface of the country around Rotherham; but we cannot stop here without doing a great injustice to our subject. Geology is not all dry detail; the student's path must, it is true, lead him for a while through dull descriptions of rocks, dips, faults, and fossils, but when the drudgery of mastering this elementary knowledge has been got over, he can safely enter on a broad field of research of the most varied and interesting character. One of the more attractive portions of the science is found in a study of the connexion between the geological structure of a country and its surface-form and scenery, and in the case of the present district this has been already incidentally touched upon. In another still more fascinating branch of his subject the geologist follows very much the same lines of research, and aims at attaining very much the same results as the archaeologist. The weapons, buildings, and other relics of bygone races of men are not valued by the antiquary simply on account of their rarity and curiosity, he rather sets store by them because they enable him to produce a living picture of races which have long since passed away, and to trace the gradual march of improvement by which mankind have attained their present civilized condition. Just so the geologist by a careful study of rocks and other objects, at first sight far less interesting than those which engage the attention of the antiquary, is enabled to carry us back to times far more distant than those with which the antiquary deals, to tell us what was the configuration of the country, and how land and sea were distributed at these remote periods, and to follow out the many changes by which the different districts of the earth have been gradually brought into their present condition. Some short notice of the results which enquiries of this class lead to in the district we are concerned with will not be out of place in a work so largely antiquarian in its scope as the present volume, and we will therefore do what we can in conclusion to furnish the reader with a picture of what the country round Rotherham was like when the Coal-measures were deposited, and to indicate the physical changes which led to the formation of the very different group of Permian Rocks. During Coal-measure times Yorkshire formed part of a broad dreary spread of fens, marshes, pools, and stagnant lakes, over which sluggish rivers slowly wound their way. This flat was enclosed on nearly all sides by tracts of higher and more diversified country. 632 #otherham. On the north it probably stretched away as far as the Grampians, and then, as now, there lay beyond it a mountainous district, of which the Scotch Highlands formed a part, but which extended over the bed of the German Ocean to the Scandinavian peninsula. Similar but less lofty tracts bounded it on the east and south. On the west hills occupying much the same position as the Highlands of Connemara, Mayo, and Donegal formed part of its boundary. On this side there were one or more openings in the encircling chain of hills, and beyond these lay an ocean occupying very much the same position as the Atlantic of to-dav. - - - % rank and luxuriant growth of plants of strange forms covered the margins and the unsubmerged portions of the flat; plants resembling our modern Clubmosses and Horse tails, and closely allied to them in structure, but growing to the size of forest trees, an abundance of ferns, some of which were tree ferns, and other forms which need not be particularised. - The rivers swept down from the encircling highlands mud and sand produced by the disintegration of their rocks, and deposited the sediment in the pools and lakes through which they flowed, or, during floods spread it broadcast over the flat, and in this way the submerged portions became gradually filled up, and tracts sufficiently dry to allow of the growth of plants were established. Over each of these, vegetation spread rapidly, and as the trees and herbs died and fell to the ground each became covered by a broad sheet of dead vegetable matter. In many cases this state of things must have lasted till the layer of dead plants had reached a thickness of many feet. Then a change came over the scene; the land sank gently down, and the rivers spread their waters out on every side till the jungle was replaced by a broad shallow lake. The mud and sand brought down by the rivers were laid down in sheets and banks over the bed of the lake, and the deposits thus formed have, in the lapse of time, been hardened into the shales and sandstones which make up the bulk of the Coal-measures. And this deposition of sediment led to a result of the utmost importance to us of the present day; it sealed up the layer of dead vegetation which had previously accumulated, and preserving it from decay allowed it to go through changes which have converted it into a bed of coal. As long as the sinking of the land went on, piles of sand and sheets of mud were heaped one on the top of the other, but after a while it stopped, and then conditions allowing of the accumulation of the materials for another bed of coal were established afresh. Over and over again did periods of dry land and plant growth alternate with times of submergence and deposition of sediment, and the pile of shales, Sandstones, and coal beds, which we call the Coal-measures, was thus gradually built up. - New and again the sinking of the land was sufficient to allow the western Ocean to overflow the flat, and then beds, like those we have mentioned over the Ganister Coal, containing marine fossils, were deposited. These incursions of the sea were not numerous, nor of long duration; the narrow outlets on the west which allowed of the access of the salt water became closed, possibly choked up by accumulations of sand and mud, the rivers poured in sweet water enough to freshen the lake, and the old state of matters was restored. This order of events was at last brought to a close by one of those periods of earth movements which have repeatedly occurred during the past lifetime of our planet. The crust began to fold itself into mighty crumplings, and the thick sheet of level strata was bent into ridges and troughs. As each ridge rose denudation stripped off its broad back the upper portion of the beds, and laid bare those low down in the series; in the centre of each trough the upper members were less largely exposed to the wearing effect of denudation, and have survived to the present day. * , The folding did not go on without law and order, but followed in the main two definite directions, one of which ranged north of east to south of west, and the other nearly due north and south. The two sets of ridges thus produced are distinguished as the Pendle and Pennine Arches or Anticlinals. One of the most marked of the Pendle Arches ranges through Clitheroe and Skipton to Harrogate; it separates the Coalfields of Yorkshire and Lancashire on the south, from those of Northumberland and Cumberland on the north. The Pennine Arch follows the range of hills, known as the Backbone of the North of Geologg of the 32 eighbouri, not. 633 England, which runs from Derbyshire northwards to the Scotch border; it divides the Coalfields of Yorkshire and Northumberland on the east from those of Lancashire and Cumberland on the west. - When this period of disturbance and denudation had been brought to an end, conditions very different from those that had prevailed during Carboniferous times were established, which led to the deposition of the Permian Rocks. We must picture to ourselves a country dotted over with a number of closed lakes. Rivers poured into these lakes water holding in solution salts of lime and magnesia, and in many cases coloured deep red by rusty oxide of iron. As the lakes had no outlet, their surplus water would be drawn off by evaporation alone, but evaporation would remove none of the dissolved material, and the solution would day by day become stronger and stronger, till each lake would be converted into an intensely bitter Dead Sea. After a time, when the solution became saturated, precipitation of the dissolved matter began, and the materials for the formation of the Magnesian Limestones and Gypsums, which make up so large a portion of the Permian Rocks of Yorkshire, were accumulated. It will readily be understood that the waters of these bitter lakes would be very unfitted to maintain animal life, and the fossils we find in the Magnesian Limestone are few in number and confined to the bottom portion of the subdivision. During the early part of the Permian period, when these beds were forming, the water was not so strongly impregnated with salts as subsequently, and some few creatures were able to live in them; but as time went on the solutions became too strong for even these hardy animals, they were all killed off or driven away, and the upper beds are barren of fossils. During the formation of the Upper Limestone, magnesian salts were not present to any large amount, the water became fitted to support life, and if any of the animals which had originally tenanted the lake had managed to survive, we might expect to find their remains in these beds. This we do find. A few shells do occur in these beds, and they are species met with in the Lower Limestone, but they are stunted and deformed, and their diminished and distorted forms speak clearly of the hard struggle they had gone through, and the narrow escape they had had of complete extinction. These are but a few of the hints which we obtain of the state of the country during the two geological periods with which we are most nearly concerned; they will serve perhaps to make good the statement that geology has metal more attractive to offer to her followers than lists of fossils and names of rocks. \ – a ſº @ º 'º'; - Mºſt §§ º ſ § (see § | $º º } } tº º 8O j Imrå If ºntº crijam. ºf:HE following list $gº }º of plants is by no means given as an exhaustive one; but is only Fumaria officinalis Geum urbanum Glyceria aquatica Ga/İzzzzz tricorne Holtonia palustris Aſeſosciadium inz//tdata/m2 Lathyrus macrorrhizus A./copus Europazas /lamium Galeobdolon /epidium Smithi; A imaria minor Malva moschafa Meſºzha aquatica. Menſha arvensis AWepeta Cataria AVuphar lutea AVasturtium officinale Meſeta Glechoma CEzzanthe fistulosa OEmanthe Phel/andrium CEthalsa Cynapium Ota/is Acetosella O//hioglossum vulgatum Origanum vulgare Polygonum Bistoria A razzzzzs £72sitätza Poterium Sanguisoróa Pimpinella magna Pedicularis Žalustris Phleum prafense Polypodium Dryopteris Ranunculus arvenesis Ranunculus aquatilis A’anzanculus àu/Öosºs Aamunculus sa/sugèzzosºs AWarcissous Pseudo-AWarcissals. intended to embrace the most important habitants of the neighbourhood." Rosa fatida, Bast. Aºosa /20//is Rosa platyphylla Rosa arvatica Rosa obtusifolia Aosa verticillacantha Rosa Kosińciana A/hammals cat/articus Rubus affinis A’zlóus thyrsoideus Rubus almörosus Rubus festivals, Warren A’osa tomentosa Sanguisorba officinalis Sanicula Europaea Scandia. Pecten-Veneris Scrophularia Balbisi. Salix viminalis et penſandra Stellaria aquatica Stellaria neglecta Stellaria glauca Spazganium ra/mosºme Scutellaria galericulata Stachys Beforeica Scrophularia nodosa Scaffiosa succisa Sherardia arveyesis 7%a/ictrum flavum Trifolium arvense Tanacetum vulgare Teucrium Scorodonia Viburnum Opulus Valeriana officinalis |Veronica serpyllifolia Veronica officinalis l/a/eriazzella carzzzafa. Adora Moschatellina Agrimonia Ezpatoria Anemone memorosa A/chemilla vulgaris Angelica Sylvestris Asperula odorata Anacharis alsinastrum Asſº/emium Ruža-muraria Arabis hirsuta Anthemis Cotula Artemisia vulgaris Anthyllis vulneria Ballota migra Bryonia dioica Bidens tripartifa Bidens cermud. Bromus giganteus Brachypodium sy/vaticum Caltha palustris Circaa /uſetiazza Callitriche aquatica Convolvulus Sepium Convolvulus arvensis Cuscuta Trifolii Chenopodium razórum C. urbicum (intermedium) Carer acuta Care+ paludosa Carer vesicaria Calabrosa aquatica Cornus sanguinea Fºlonymus Europaus Epipactis latifolia Euphoróia platyphylla Epifactis palustris Eguisetum sy/vaticum * My thanks are due to Edward Birks, Esq., of Sheffield, for his assistance in preparing the above list. -- - – - º ¥ *= Hºs. //? §§º- E. ::= − S tº WN 4% ºf ºs--- =\;=ſº ſéº T=\º Žº º %iº º sº §§§ºś ...º ºšº N §º §§ a # §§ º —azºº sº *HPPENDIX.º. s §§§ ºº - Nº. } +HPPENDIX:-- —A- —u— CŞaritable Benefactims. —A- − rºHE following transcripts from early “Charity Decrees” illustrate the commend- iſ able supervision formerly exercised by the Crown on the decease of owners of property. The Juries were composed of persons residing in the neighbour- hood where the property was situated, and their powers and duties extended also to the management of local charities. - Inquisition, made 28 Sept., IIth year of Şames I. (1614), at Rotheram.” The names of the jurors were “Francis Dickinson of Rotheram gent, George West of Marsbrough gentl., Francis Lambert of Tickhill gentl., Richard Warde of Bramley, Rafe Broughton of Bentley, John Staniforth of Darnall, George Wainewright of Haugh, John Flecther of Billam, Henrie Hirst of Dalton, Thomas Justice of Carrhouse, Thomas Stead of Hooton Levett, Nicholas Hacket of Tickhill, Thomas Spencer of Morthing, Robert Darley of Connys- brough, and Robert Hall of Raumershe. - “And as concerning Rotheram aforesaid the said Jurie did saie and present that the right worshipfull dame Troth Mallarie of Aldwarke in the said Countie widdowe hath by her deed in writing given to Nicholas Mountney of Rotheram aforesaid gent. Anthonie Goodwin Clerke parson of the parishe churche of Raumershe in the said countie of Yorke and others and theire heires for ever certaine lands and tenements in Bawtrie and a rent-charge in Dodworth beinge of the yearely value of vili xiijs iiijd per annum in the said Countie which said yearlie rents is by them perceaued and taken and fortie shillings parcell of the same to bee by them taken and paid yearelie for ever to the poore of Rotheram aforesaid as by the said deed more at large apeareth which said fortie shillings is paid and imployed accordingly Also they did say and present that Thomas Woodhouse late of Rotheram aforesaid deceased gave to the said Nicholas Mountney and Robert Okes [called Thomas in the decree] late of the same towne yoman deceased and their heires to thuse of the poore of Rotheram aforesaid for ever certen lands lieng within the lordshipp of Kimberworth in the said countie of Yorke of the yearelie rent of five pounds eight pence per annum whereof foure pounds eight pence is in possession and twentie shillings in revercion after the death of Alice Caland his sister which said rent in possession is imployed to thuse of the poore of Rotheram aforesaid according to the guift of the said Thomas Woodhouse And they did also present and saie that the said Robert Okes deceased hath likewise by deed in writing giuen to the said Nicholas Mountney gen, and Francis Dickinson of Rotheram aforesaid Welleun Draper and their heires for euer as feoffees in trust certaine lands and tenements lieing within the Lordshipp of Dalton in the said Countie of the yearlie rent of thirtie three shillings and fower pence which said yearlie rent is to bee by them perceaued and paid yearelie for euer for and towards the maintenance and allowance of the maister and usher of the free schoole of Rotheram aforesaid for the time beeing or to the poore of the same towne at the discretion of the said feoffees and is soe imployed accordinglie.” The “Decree” made upon this Inquisition by the Commissioners for Rotherham rehearses the finding of the jury as to each of the above-mentioned gifts, in nearly identical terms, and proceeds to “ordaine, adjudge, and decree” respectively (I) “that the same fortie shillings shall for euer hereafter bee paid accordinglie euerie yeare to the Churchwardens of Rotheram to thuse of the poore of Rotheram for their releefe by the said feoffees their heires and assignes and the survivour and survivours of them.” r - (2) “That the said yearelie rent of foure pounds shalbee paid during the life of the said Alice Caland and after her death that five pounds eightpence yearelie rent at the least shalbee after paid for the said lands for ever by the heires and assignes of the said feoffees or by the survivor of them and all other occupiers of the said lands to the Churchwardens of Rotheram * Mem. 5 of a second numbering in the same parcel. 638 330th crijam. now being and succeeding whoe shall ever hereafter have power with the surviving feoffees to lett the same lands to such able and sufficient tenant or tenants as will give most for the same and shall dispose the rents now and herafter paiable for the same to the releefe and maintenance of the poore there and bee accomptable for the same to the succeeding churchwardens from time to time annuallie. (3) And wee doe also order decree and adjudge that all the lands and tenements in Dalton aforesaid which in the said inquisition are presented or found to bee given by Robert Okes deceased to Nicholas Mountney gen, and Francis Dickinson of Rotheram and their heires for ever as feoffees in trust of the yearlie rent of thirtie-three shillings and foure pence shall for ever hereafter or the rents or profitts thereof comming be lette imployed and disposed by the said churchwardens for and towards the maintenance and allowance of the maister and usher.” - A Commission issued by James I. IOth july, 13th 9ames I. (1616), to inquire of charities within the county of York.a The Commissioners met at Rotheram on 27th Sept of the same year. The jury sworn were, “John Wilkinson of Billingley gent, Thomas Skiers of Svdithwaite (?) gent. William Westerne of Raumershe yoman Thomas Wicam of Hooton Pannell Thomas Hirst of Dalton, George Linley of the same, William Ferneley of Wincebanck George Hoyland of Wick Thomas Dale of Whitley wood, Thomas Stead of Hooton Levett, Robert Eyre of Bramley, Richard Robinson of Haugh, and Richard England of West melton.” The Jury present as to Rotheram,”—“That Thomas Colt late of Rotheram yoman by his last will and testament gave and bequeathed unto Nicholas Mountney, Francis West, Francis Dickinson, William Ingle, Anthony Rogers and Edward Sanderson, in trust to bee imployed by them for and towards the buying and providing of a stocke of hemp flax wooll and other such like stuffe to sett poore people there on worke the sume of forty pounds to be paid within one yeare after his death the profit and increase thereof he willed and apointed shalbe imployed at the discretion of the said feoffees before-named for and towards the maintenance and continuance of the said stocke with thincrease and for and towards the putting forth of poore children and apprentices for ever the feoffees entring bond to his executors for the true payment thereof accordingly.” - - Commission under the Act of 43rd Elizabeth, issued by Richard Cromwell, Protector, I Ith October, 1658, to Lord Warton, Lord Fairfax, and others, to make inquisition within the West Riding as to Charitable Uses, &c. Held at Wakefielde They present that Dame Troth Mallory wife of Sir Wm. Mallory gave £100 for the purchase of land or a rent for the relief of the poor in Rotheram, Rawmarsh, Ecclesfield, Gresbrooke, Netherhaugh, Overhaugh, Mortomley, Shiregreene and Dalton, with which certain lands were bought in 43rd and 44th Elizabeth in Bawtry and Dodworth, the feoffees being Anthony Goodwin late of Rawmarsh clerk, Nicholas Mounteney, Robert Oakes, William Taylor, George Wainewright, Humfrey Goodwin, Nicholas Sheircliffe, Robert Sheircliffe and John Pawson. Also that the same Lady gave another 4, IOO for the purchase of land or rent for the same purpose, which was done accordingly in the 16th James I, the feoffees being Robert Tirwhitt, Anthony Goodwin, Francis West, Francis Dickenson, Richard Fretwell, Humfrey Goodwin, Thomas Cowper, Richard Shercliffe, Nicholas Pawson, and Henry Combe. The part of the Decree issued on this Inquisition, which relates to Rotherham, is as follows: d “As for and concerning those lands tenements and Rentoharges in the Inquisition mentioned to be bought with two hundred pounds of money given by Dame Troth Malory deceased for the vse of the poore within the Townes of Rotherham, Rowmarche, Ecclesfield, Grussebrook, Netherhough, Overhough, Martomly, Shiregrene, and Dalton, which said landes tenements and Rentoharges haue beene settled heretofore in certaine feoffees in trust most of whome are now dead All which may appeare more att large in the said Inquisition Now wee doe Order and Decree that Richard Shircliffe in the Inquisition named or his heires shall convey such landes tents or rent charges as by the lawe are vested in him as the surviving feoffee vnto Henrie Adam of Rowmarshe clerke and his successors for ever John Gill of Carrehouse John Malyn, Jonathan Stannyforth, Jonathan Hewgall of Rotherham, Samuell Wainwright, Edward Goodwin, Thomas Blakeman of Rowmarshe John Preist, Nicholas Cloyvill (?) yonger Robert Carre and Richard Wood of Ecclesfield and their heires as feoffees in trust” and giving them power to appoint SUICCCSSO1 S. * Petty Bag, Charity Decrees, part 7, No. 5. The “Decrees” made upon this Inquisition are wanting. * 5th Mem. * Petty Bag, Charity Decrees, part 25, No. 2, Ist and 3rd membranes. d 8th Mem. @ppºrtNix. 639 [ABSTRACT.]a Copy of an Indenture dated 26 Sept. 1659, between Richard Shercliffe formerly of Ecclesfield now of Wentworth of one part, and John Gill of Carrhouse in parish of Rotherham, John Malin, Jonathan Stainforth, of Rotherham, all gents, Jonathan Hugall of Rotherham yeoman, Henry Adam of Rawmarsh Clerk, Samuell Wainwright and Edward Goodwin of Rawmarsh gents. Thomas Blakeman yeoman, John Preist, Nicholas Wood, and John Twibell all of the parish of Ecclesfield of the other part;-Recites that Dame Troth Mallory late of Aldwarke, co. York, left by will 4 IOO for the purchase of rents for the yearly relief of the poor aged and impotent inhabitants of the townships of Rotherham, Rawmarsh, Ecclesfield, Gresbrook, Netherhaugh, Overhaugh, Mortomley, Shiregreene, and Dallton; and that on 1st May 1618 one 4, 50 had been expended in the purchase of a yearly rent of 5 marks arising from 4 acres of meadow ground called Bothom Inge in Dodworth and 2 acres of pasture called Litle Johan Royd, in Dodworth, adjoining Lowden Spring, and 3 acres of pasture called Nether Johan Royd and 4 acres of arable land in Dodworth adjoining the said wood called Lowden Springe (all which belong to a messuage and 2 oxgangs of land late in the tenure of Richard Lowden), and one acre and 3 roods of wood called Lowden Springe; and that on Ist Sept. 1618 the other £50 had been paid over for a yearly rent of 5 marks arising out of 14 acres of arable or meadow land in over Hoyland, called the Hall croft, the marle croft, and the Nether End of the Copper Royd Flatt; To have and to hold the said yearly rents unto Robert Tirwitt and the other nine feoffees and their heirs and assigns. Both which yearly rents are payable yearly in the South Porch of the Parish Church of Rotherham on the fourth Sunday in Lent, or Midlent Sunday, between 2 and 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and shall be distributed according to the discretion of the parsons, vicars and curates of the places and of the persons interested in the inheritance of the rents on the Saturday in the fifth week in Lent or within 7 days after. This Indenture witnesseth that whereas all the ten feoffees are now dead except Richard Shercliffe, by virtue of a Decree in Chancery of Charitable uses, the said Richard Shercliffe now assigns the said rents &c. to the said John Gill and ten others above-named in trust for the said use; and also when all these new feoffees but three or two are dead they shall convey the above rents to nine or twelve of the most discreet and sufficient inhabitants of the said townes and villages all grants and conveyances to be made by deeds to be kept in common chests in two of the three said parishes. [ABSTRACT.]b Copy of an Indenture dated 26 Nov. 1661, between Anthony Goodwin the Elder of Rawmarsh and the Feoffees named in the last indenture;—Recites that Dame Troth Mallory in her widowhood had given 6 IOO to said A. Goodwin and nine others on trust for the purchase of yearly rents for the relief of the poor in Rotherham, Rawmersh, Ecclesfield, Gresbrook, Netherhaugh, Overhaugh, Mortomley, Shiregreene and Dallton; that for £50 had been purchased 4 crofts in Bawtry one acre of arable and 7 acres of meadow in Bawtry and Austerfield; and for the other £50 an annuity of 5 marks arising from ten acres called Huggsetts, in Dodworth. These also payable yearly on Midlent Sunday in the South Porch of Rotherham Church, to be distributed by the like persons and on the same day as Dame Mallory's other gift. This Indenture is for the like purpose as the other, viz. all the feoffees but one viz. Anthony Goodwin being dead, to convey the trust to new feoffees. A Commission of Charitable Uses issued 12 March Ist Anne (1702) for the West Riding, Inquisition taken at Rotherham I??? October Is? Anne. Mone of the jurors were of Rotherham. The purpose of the inquisition was “as to a complaint made to ye said Comºs by William Greene Esq. an inhabitant of ye Parish of Ecclesfield in the said Rideing on the behalfe of himselfe and ye Rest of ye Inhabitants of ye said Parish of Rawmarsh Robert Darwent gen. and Wm. Langley mercer both of Rotherham aforesaid in behalfe of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants of Rotherham Graysbrooke and Dalton in ye said parish of Rotherham, and of Edwin Goodwin’ for Rawmarsh touching the neglect in the re-conveyance to new Trusteese of the Charity of Lady Troth Malory, John Gill of the Parish of Rotherham Esq. and John Twybell late of the Parish of Ecclesfield being the only now living Trustees. The jurors find that twelve new feoffees ought to be appointed, four each for the parishes of Rotherham, Ecclesfield and Rawmarsh, and that the accustomed proportions out of these charities ought to be given to each place as heretofore. Decree thereupon made accordingly, and the feoffees appointed. An account of the family of Mallory, extending through several generations, is given in Vol. 67 of the publications of the Surtees Society. Dame Trothe Mallory was the second wife of Sir John Mallory, of Studley; she was daughter of Sir William Tyrwhitt, of Scotter, co. Lincoln, by Isabella, daughter of Sir William Girlington, of Normanby. Her * Folios 8–17. * Folios I8—26. * See Inquisition of R. Cromwell, page 638. 64o V. T àotherham. first husband was Sir Godfrey F oljambe, of Aldwark, co. York, who died 22nd December, 1585. By deed, dated 1602, she gave the rent of 7a, 2n. 19p. of land, and three rent- charges, amounting together to £10 per annum, among the poor of Rotherham, and eight other adjoining townships. June 12th, 1616. Dame Trothe Mallorye, of Aldwarke, par. Egglesfeild, widowe. To be bur. in the parish church of Chusterfeild, in the countie of Darbie, by my most deare and lovinge husband, Sir Godfrey Foljambe, of Walton, Kt.” After a number of bequests of jewelry, &c., amongst them “to my neece Trothe Tirwhitte the diamond ring my sister Meeres gave me” a to relations, and money to Servants—she continues, “Forasmuch as these my worldly goods were given to me to the end that I should distribute some parte thereof to the necessitie of the poore, lame, blind, and Comfortlesse, and although I have given alreadie some parte thereof, and that in reasonable measure, viz., £IOO to the poor within the parishes of Rotherham, Raumarsh, and Egglesfeild, thinkeinge it better in these cases of charitie to worke some good whilest I lived than to have all done after my death by my xx. I give 4 IOO more to the same. Bellamp's Trusts, Jan. 28th, 1780. Extract from the will of this date of MARY BELLAMy late of this Town, Singlewoman. WHEREBY she gave and devised * Her two Copyhold Closes lying at Mansfield in the County of Nottingham purchased by her late brother Charles Bellamy of Messrs. Monk and Birch then let at the yearly rent of £9 which she had surrendered to the Use of her Will. UNTO John Bower of Rotherham afsd Surgeon and Apothecary Ralph Tunnecliff of Rotherham aſsº Genth and Robert Hall of the same place Genth and to their heirs. - TO HOLD to them their heirs and assigns for the Uses Trusts Interests and Purposes thereinafter directed. - - AND the said Testatrix Will and mind was that the said John Bower R. Tunnecliff and Rt Hall or the survivor of them or the heirs of the survivor should out of her personal estate lay out the sum of £250 within twelve months after her decease in the purchase of the fee simple and inheritance of some freehold lands tenements and hereditaments and also purchase out of her personal estate the fee simple and inheritance of a piece of land in or near the Town of Rotherham aforesaid and build a House thereon for the Use and benefit of four Poor Widows or Singlewomen of good character belonging to the said Town or otherwise to purchase a House in the Said Town of Rotherham as her said Trustees in their discretion should think most convenient for the habitation of such poor Widows or Singlewomen of good character which purchases the Testatrix directed should be made in the names of her said Trustees or the survivor of them or the heirs of such survivor and by them in due and legal form conveyed from time to time to other Trustees and their heirs so that at all times thereafter to support and preserve a perpetual succession in their lands and tenements aforesaid for the interests and purposes thereinafter mentioned (that is to say) To permit and suffer four poor widows or singlewomen belonging to the Town of Rotherham aforesaid as her said Trustees should nominate and elect to dwell in the House thereinbefore directed by her to be built or purchased and that her said Trustees or the Survivor of them or the heirs and assigns of such Survivor should from time to time pay the rents and profits of her said Copyhold Estate and the Estate so purchased as aforesaid to four Poor Widows to be so placed in the said Dwelling-house Monthly or Quarterly at the discretion of the said Trustees share and share alike. And the said Testatrix thereby directed that her said Trustees and Exors, should £2OO place out at Interest the sum of £2OO and the annual interest arising therefrom should to the from time to time be paid and applied to the use of the Poor Inhabitants of the Town Poor. of Rotherham in such manner as her said Trustees and the survivor of them and the heirs and assigns of such survivor with the assistance of the Vicar and Churchwardens for the time being should order or direct - THE TESTATRIX bequeathed to the Feoffees of the Common Lands of Rotherham the sum of £2OO to be placed out at interest and the interest to be applied by them in binding out two Poor Boys belonging to the said Town of Rotherham Apprentice to Handicraft Trades. And the Testatrix directed her Trustees to lay out £50 for the purchase of two Silver Flagons for the use of the Communion Service in the Church of Rotherham. Executed by the said Testatrix in the presence of and attested by three witnesses. Proved at York 3 Feby 1781. * By will, dated 23rd January, 1604, Faith Meeres, of Mallorie, the best ringe I have, having three diamonds in Aldwark, widow, left “to my loving sister, the ladie it.” · æqys (ſutøS ‘maeſ ºſtettyſrael ~~ ~~№ss№vºts~~~~~ ∞„Av（*） wae\ :-:.* ‘’’ossłaoaerºnuſ-ſoq：Iºaſ Mae *** ±（√（−∞，∞，~~ ~~~~ !， SS§§） |- ----•••••••````）~\} \~\~\\w\~\~\~\** -��ſè==~~~~~ ~~！\！\!\！\， ！== №±±±№====№ſ)%ſ\\№ ±==№№ ！！！，，，§§ Eſ=#=ſ， = ， ， ， ， ， ） -- ！= −.__，• • • • • • • • ºwº … ） „ … . . ， ！,,，，, ， ， ， ， r,…，\\\^^~~~~ 'w , ！… ：） ----| _ - ºv，· ^*，/////¿tae， ！=~~~~ （_， ） – º | || ！== ） ） （~~~~ ~~~~，77±，±√（√ - №ſºſ№ ،… ¿ №vº， }|}}}¿№ （ |~~~~，~（~~~~№= ----==：：=≡ ---- |-|- ----- ----_-------- |--|-|- |-|-|-|- - -- --|-|-|-_ --- - -_- |-|-|-~z=|-----|-* - 1.|-（~~~|-- |- |-|-------|- ----|- |--∞ ~ ~ ~ ！， ---- - - ~ |- |- ---- №, ſaeiſ“ |- @pperttik. 64. I anwari. ăl HE noble gifts of Lady Mallory establish a pleasant connection between Aldwark ºb and Rotherham. Aldwark Hall, distant from Rotherham only two miles, and from Ecclesfield church six miles in a straight line, and by road much more, is yet by one of the strange freaks of ancient times, in the parish of Ecclesfield. There is evidence of its having belonged to Rawmarsh, and it is not improbable that under the provisions of a recent Act of Parliament (when carried out) it may do so again. Hunter says: “ever since the reign of king Edward I., and probably from a much earlier period, Aldwark has been the seat of a race of superior gentry. Since the reign of Edward I. this line has been continued through three names, Clarel, Fitz William, and Foljambe, to whom not only did Aldwalk belong, but it was the seat and usual residence of the chiefs of the line. Hence it is that it affords more materials for topography than many more populous townships.” Of these Hunter makes ample and most interesting use; for which we regret our space cannot be made available. - - Of these honourable mention has been already made of the Clarells, in the account of the church, as contributors, it will be remembered, to its magnificent mediaeval splendour. In 1383, William Clarell obtained a license from Nevil, Archbishop of York, to have divine service in his oratory at Aldwark. Leland says: “ There dwelled an auncient man of the stok of the Fitz Williams, at Aldwark, upon the north ripe of Dun ryver, fyve miles above Dancastre, and ii miles from Rotherham. The heire of this house, and also a brother of his, were slayn at the felde of Floddoun, of the Scottes.” The erle of Hampton was brother to these men. The eldest brother left 2 doughters, that syns were married onto il sonnes of Syr Godefrey Fulgeham, so that the heire of syr Godefrey Fulgeham a late dying left heires male by one of the doughters of Fitz Williams. The other doughter hath yet no issue by the younger Fulgeham.” Thomas Fitzwilliam was about twenty-seven years old at the time of his death at Flodden; he left one son and two daughters. The son who was four years of age at his father's death, survived him not quite two years. With him ended the male line of the Fitzwilliams at Aldwark. . An account of the Earl of Southampton, another brother, is too interesting to be omitted: “William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton, and Knight of the Garter, descended from a very ancient and powerful Northern family, and was the second of two sons of Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam (of Aldwarke, in Yorkshire, Knight) and Lucy, daughter and co-heiress of John Neville, Marquis Montacute. Some short time before the death of his elder brother, who was slain at Flodden Field, he was introduced at the Court of Henry VIII., who appointed him one of the Esquires for the body, which office was confirmed to him for life by a patent dated I513. “The fashion of that day requiring that a courtier's education should be finished in a campaign against France, Fitzwilliam accordingly obtained some respectable situation in the fleet which sailed thither in the following year and received a severe wound in an action near Brest; where, as well as at the seige of Tournay, he gave such proofs of his gallantry and discretion, that Henry, on his return, conferred the honour of Knighthood upon him, and made him Vice-Admiral, in which character he commanded the squadron which attended the king to Boulogne in I523. He was soon after sent ambassador (upon some matters of no great importance) to Paris, from whence, as Lord Herbert informs us, he returned in 1523, to take the command of a strong fleet, destined to protect the English merchant ships in the Channel, as well as to support the Earl of Surrey, General of the Forces at Calais, in concert with whom he made a predatory descent on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. “In the beginning of the following year he was made Admiral of the Fleet, which was sent to intercept the Duke of Albany, who had projected the invasion of Scotland with a French army; and in 1525 went on a second embassy to France to receive the Queen Regent's ratifications of the peace lately concluded with England. He is named about this time as Captain of the Castle of Guisnes, and Treasurer of the Royal Household, but the dates of these appointments * South Yorkshire, Vol. II., p. 51. feirce holden, besides Rotherham, that Knight: his resting * And of Yorkshire, a yonge Knighte that epe (bold) place hadd.—From the “Scottishe Feilde.” Bishop Percy’s was of deedes Sir William Werkoppe [So in MS., Sir folio manuscript. William. Lyme MS. 2 fitzwilliam.] as I weene, was the In the Fitzwilliam Museum, at Cambridge, is a portrait wyes name, of the same shire figh well: that was Soe of two Fitzwilliams who were slain in doing duty against the Scots at Flodden.—Skeat. 3 I 642 * 3āotherham. are not known. The private life of an eminent Englishman of that day affords us but little worthy of note. The gallant Fitzwilliam returned from his embassy, probably to become the silent spectator of balls and tournaments, since for ten years after that period we have scarcely any intelligence from history concerning him, except that in 1530 he subscribed the articles against the Cardinal. In 1536, however, he was once more sent to Paris with the Duke of Norfolk and Dr. Cox to treat of a league between England and France, which was to have been cemented by the marriage of the Duke of Angouleme, third son of Francis, with the Princess Elizabeth. In the ensuing year he was constituted Admiral of England, Wales, Ireland, Normandy, Gascony, and Aquitain, on the 18th October, I 538, he obtained the Earldom of Southampton, and was soon afterwards appointed Lord Privy Seal. “In the Autumn of 1543 he commanded the vanguard of the army then sent against Scotland under the Duke of Norfolk, and assisted in the management of a treaty at York, by which the Scots had vainly hoped to avoid the terrors of Henry's resentment, but the negotiation proving abortive, Southampton marched on with his powers to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where he died of a short illness, having ordered by his Will that his body should be interred at Midhurst, in Sussex, in a chapel for the building whereof he allotted five hundred marks. The great earl married Mabel, daughter of Henry Lord Clifford, and sister to Henry, the first Earl of Cumberland of that family, by whom having no issue, the daughters of his deceased brother, Margaret, wife of Godfrey Foljambe, and Alice, wife of Sir James Foljambe, Knight, became his heirs.” a Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, the eldest of these, before his death at Flodden, had obtained a grant, “because his manor of Aldwark is distant four miles from his parish church of Ecclesfield, the Sacrament of the Eucharist may be ministered in a chapel or oratory within his manor of Aldwark.” This is dated York, 29th March, 15 Io. We now see how Aldwark came down to the third of “the race of superior gentry,” the Foljambes, and it would be pleasant, if within our sphere, to dilate on a theme so fertile and interesting; it can, however, only be adverted to as one connected with which we find “the arms of twenty families, a representation of which vested in the Foljambes, appear on the monuments at Chesterfield.” In the chapel at the east end of the north chancel aisle of the parish church of Ecclesfield, the former burial-place of the family, there is a large mural monument to Francis, eldest son of Peter Foljambe, of Steveton, surmounted by a shield bearing the arms of Foljambe, with the following quarterings: Foljambe, Loudham, Le Breton, Fitz William, Lizours, Bertram, Clarell, Scrope, Comyn, Reygate, Warren, Nevill, Montague, Monthermer, Plantagenet, Tibetot, Charlton, Ingolds- thorpe, Bradstone, De la Pole, Burgh, Clifford, Woodgrove, and on an escutcheon of pretence, Mountaigne;” although some were lost to the later descendants of the family, others were gained by the marriage with the heiress of Thornhagh, including the representation of Sir George Savile, whose name confers additional honours on the living representatives. Since the family removed to Osberton, Aldwark Hall for a number of years has been in the hands of tenants; latterly of Mrs. Egerton. Aldwark" was one of the many patrician residences" and towering strongholds which thickly bestrewed the banks of the Don in the olden time. It was a spacious, many-gabled building, with extensive wings, and ample means for state occasions; it was noted for its unlimited hospitality, and for the disposal of the large retinues which were a prominent part of the semi-martial, and pompous parade of the period. Our illustration is from a MS. volume on the Foljambe family, by Dr. Nathaniel johnston, A.D. 1704, in the possession of Francis John Savile Foljambe, Esq., M.P., Osberton, Worksop, to whom we are indebted for its use. Holland says, “The present mansion was built, after the demolition of the ancient house, by Francis Foljambe, Esq., who died at Aldwark in 1707. It is a quadrangular structure, of three stories, terminated with a balustrade and vases. The material of the edifice is the beautifully white Roche Abbey stone, and must, in its pristine condition, have harmonized richly with the deep screen of foliage behind, and the verdant plot in front.” * “Naval Chronicle,” Vol. IV., p. 296, from Lodge's d “Aldwark, sayeth Mr. Hopkinson, in his MS., was Biographical Tracts. given by Will: the Conqueror to Reginald Oldwarke, a b See “Monumenta Foljambeana,” by Cecil G. Savile Norman, his countryman, but this is a mistake. The Foljambe, Esq., F.S.A., in “The Reliquary,” Vols. XIV. Manor it is thought to go from Oldwark to Wallis; from and XV. him to Clarell, and so to the Fitzwilliams, and from them Wark, D., a building or ford. Old Wark (Yorks.) the to the Foljambes, in whose family it now is.”—“Magna old ford. Britannia,” Vol. VI., p. 509. * Holland’s “Tour of the Don,” Vol. II., p. 376. I837. @ppºrtNix. . 643 ſūſmitmental jnštriptim3, Fºl HE Monumental Inscriptions given from Hunter on pages 260—269, are to a ºf great extent from Dodsworth's Notes; many of the original ones no longer - º exist. Since those pages were printed it has been considered desirable to give =# all such inscriptions as are now to be found in the church. The present position of each is indicated, but after the recent restoration of that edifice, all did not retain their original places. The present generation has had the misfortune to contribute perhaps the most remarkable monument in the church. On the west side of the south transept, supported by a stone base, there is a large marble tablet, surmounted by a finely sculptured white marble figure of Faith. This memorial tablet records an event so appalling in itself, and so widely heart-rending in its consequences, as to stand alone, without precedent or parallel. Preparations had been made at the boat-yard at Masbrough, for the launching of a large vessel, built for sea-going purposes. The afternoon of July 1oth, 1841, was that of a bright, hot Summer day; the town was more than usually thronged, it being the day the Quarter Sessions were held. It had been usual for a boat-launch to attract a large concourse of spectators, especially of young lads; and amongst them was generally a contention as to who should be admitted on the vessel to be launched, and it was the case in this instance. The sloop was a larger one than usual, with bulwarks; and as it appears, after she had left the stocks there was a crowding of those on board to the side next the canal, to see the rush into the water; this destroyed the balance, and brought her on her broadside; the whole weight being thrown on that side produced a complete capsize, and the whelming of the vessel keel upwards over those on board, except on a few who were pitched into the canal: these were mostly rescued. The consternation of that moment can neither be described or conceived, and all efforts for righting the vessel were in vain. The tidings of the terrible calamity travelled quickly, and the wild rush and agonized wail of so many bereaved parents presented a scene of distress which can never be forgotten. This was the sad calamity which the tablet referred to, records. * “SHALL NOT THE JUDGE OF ALL THE EARTH NAMEs. AGE. NAMEs. AGE. DO RIGHT 2 °’ Thomas Straw . . Io John Greatorix. • 2 I In Memory of the Fifty Young Persons Charles Robinson . II Charles Matthewman . I4 Who awfully perished at the launching of a Vessel, James Argot. e . 15 Samuel Woolhouse . 14 At Masbrough, July, 5th, 1841. George Brown . 15 John Shillito: & • I4. By the generous sympathy of their fellow-townsmen Joseph Furniss . . I2 Richard Shillito * O and others, Thomas Woodger . 13 Joseph Earnshaw. • IO A fund was raised to relieve the Families bereaved by this William Woodger. . II John Pattison . . Io sad Calamity, and to erect this Monumental Tablet, George Earnshaw . 7 William Hall & • 9 In humble and reverent recognition of the Divine will, John Jacques ge . II George Nixon . & 7 As an admonitory warning to the living, Charles Hanby. . I2 Andrew Dobson . • 9 And a memorial of condolence to those whose hearts John Fox . ; : 16 Henry Goodall. ſº 8 and hopes William Greenfield . . Io William Bradshaw • I4. Were thereby suddenly bow'd to the dust. Alfred Greenfield . . 5 David Cundell . • I3 - William Bowler . Io Henry Crowther . ... 8 They sank not in the storm toss'd wave, Thomas Dale * . 7 John Kent e & IO Crested by Ocean's surge, & Thomas Bradbury . I5 Joseph Buckley . • 33 Wºº save { John Holroyde Haywood 13 Alfred Buckley (his son) 6 & - John Gillott . e . I7 Samuel Heathcote • 4 I Imprisoned by the inverted bark, g s Beneath the waveless stream ; John Smith, tº . 40 Robert Lancaster . I3 They drank death's bitter cup ; life's spark Charles Smith his son 8 Samuel Dobb ſº ... [O Was quenched—dispelled its dream. Henry Smith 1S SO11S 5 St. Stephen William Their tombs are closed, the muffled peal George Curtis e . I6 Blackburn gº I4. wº sº eil, - Samuel Freeman . 16 John Parrott. . . 19 Where now their spirits dwell. William Freeman. . 8 James Yates . . • II Mourners in faith flee to the cross, George Ramsden . I4 William Wood . • II Hence living waters flow ; Richard Shaw § . I7 A healing balm for every loss, Sure refuge from your woe. “Think ye those eighteen, upon whom the tower of [The prose inscription was written by Mr. Guest; the Siloam fell and slew them, were sinners above all men verses by the Rev. J. T. F. Aldred and his father; and who dwelt at Jerusalem 2 I tell you nay: but except ye the monument was executed by Mr. Edwin Smith, of repent, ye shall all likewise perish.”—Luke, ch. xiii., v. 4, 5. Sheffield.] - 644 330th crijam. Marble Tablet on North Wall within Communion Rails. Sacred to the memory of Kenneth Alexander Howard, Earl of Effingham, IIth Baron Howard of Effingham, G.C.B., K.T.s., General in the Army and Colonel of the 3rd Regiment of Foot (Buffs). He commenced his military life in the Coldstream Regiment of Guards, and served with them in the campaigns of Flanders and Holland, being present in every action. At a later period he was attached to the army under the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula, and holding in it a General Officer's command, he served with great distinction at the battles of Fuentes D'onor, Arroyo De Molino, Almaraz, and Vittoria; at the Passage of the Bidassoa, Nivelle, Nive, and Adour, at the investment of Bayonne, and in many other minor engage- ments. In 1815 he was placed in command of the First Division of the British Army during its occupation of Paris, until January, 1816. He died on the 13th of February, I845, in the 78th year of his age; and his remains are deposited in a vault beneath the chancel of this church. This tablet is erected by his family as a mark of affection and respect for the memory of one who was most justly endeared to them, and whose loss they deeply deplore. Inside Communion Rails. Sacred to the memory of George Lempriere, esquire, of Masbrough, in this parish ; whose integrity of character, benevolence of heart, and urbanity of manners, had endeared him in an eminent degree to every class of Society. He died June 29, 1825, in the 79th year of his age, and his remains are interred in the chancel of this church. Here is interr'd the body of Charles Cottrell, Esq. He dyd the 6th of April, 1748, in the 45th year of his age. In this church (near the middle of the nave) lies 3 of his children, viz., Frances, who dyd 18th May, 1733, 2 months old; Nicholas dyd Ist November, 1734, aged 6 months; Samuel - - - 26th September, 1744, aged I month. Here is interred the bowels of Jane, Dutchess of Norfolk. In memory of the Rev. Mr. John Lloyd, A.M. 46 years, Vicar of this Church, died April 13th, 1782, in the 78th year of his age. - Here is interred the body of Ann, daughter of Thos. Eyre, Esq., Chief Engineer at Rattan and Capt in Governº Trelawney" Regiment. She died the 6th of April, 1748, aged 3 years and one month. Here lie interred the remains of Rich". Downes, Esq., late Lieut Col' in the jºt Reg' of Dragoon Guards, who died the 26th day of Oct., 1785, aged 56 years; Also the remains of Mrs. Sarah Hirst, his sister, who died the 5th day of Sep., 1784, aged 56 years. Tablet in South Transept. Sacred to the memory of Robert Bentley, who died May 28th, 1850, in the 51st year of his age. For nearly 3o years a resident in the town of Rotherham he liberally assisted in promoting its charitable institutions and public improvements. In private life his kindness and sincerity endeared him to a numerous circle of friends. His children have lost a most indulgent parent, and as a tribute of their affection have erected this tablet. In the same vault in this church are interred the remains of Elizabeth Bentley, his wife, who died February 14th, 1834, in the 37th year of her age; And of their two daughters, Harriet and Caroline, who died in childhood. Marble Tablet in South Transept. Sacred to the memory of Margaret, the beloved wife of Charles Leach Coward, of Rotherham, Solicitor, who departed this life on the 24th day of September, 1854, aged 40 years. Her mortal remains are interred in the cemetery. “And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, write. Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, from hence- forth; yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours, and their works do follow them.”—Revelations xiv. C., I3 v. Tablet in South Chapel. In memory of Charles Newton, Esq., of Barbot Hall, who departed this life September 15th, 1828, aged 71 years. Also of Ann, widow of the above Colonel Charles New- ton, Esq., who departed this life January 21st, 1832, aged 72 years. Tablet in South Chapel. This tablet is inscribed to the memory of Samuel Clark, Esquire, a native of Dumfries, N.B., and for fifty-five years a resident at Masbrough in this Parish. Faithful in friend- ship, active in benevolence, upright in principle, and firm in purpose; urbane in manners, and moral in conduct, he did not fail to obtain, as he deserved, the general esteem of all classes of this town and neighbourhood. He died on the I7th day of April, A.D., 1845, in the 75th year of his age, and was interred in the chancel of this church. Tablet on East Wall of North Transept. In memory of Mr. George Aldred, of Rotherham, Wine Merchant, who died on the 15th day of December, 1818, in the 53rd year of his age. He was a dutiful son, an affectionate husband, and a most kind and indulgent parent. As he lived in peace so he died in charity with all mankind, and was followed to the grave by the regret of his comrades in the Rotherham Troop of Y.W.R.Y. Cavalry, the tears of his children, and the affection of his friends. North Transept. Richard Flint, died October 14th, 1806, aged 26 years; also Ann, the wife of George Aldred, and widow of the above-named Richard Flint, who departed this life October I4th, 1812, aged 33 years; Also George Fowlstone, grandson of the above, who died October 29th, 1818, aged 8 months; Also Richard, son of Richard and Mary Flint, died September 9th, 1823, aged 8 days; Also William Wastneys, son of the above Richard and Ann Flint, who died January 9th, 1826, aged 23 years. Here lieth the body of John Flint, son of Joseph and Martha Flint, grocers, died March 12th, 1782, aged 23 weeks. Henry, their son, died August 29th, 1783, aged 7 weeks; Also the said Martha, wife of Joseph Flint, died April I8th, 1802, aged 50 years; Likewise the body of Joseph Flint, son of the above Joseph and Martha Flint, who died the 22nd March, 1805, aged 26 years; Also George Flint, died August 5th, 1808, in the 23rd year of his age; Also the above-named Joseph Flint, who died April 3rd, 1811, aged 63 years. Here lieth the body of John Brooks, who departed this life August 31st, 1765, aged 62 years; Also the body of Margaret, wife of the above John Brooks, who departed this life February 24th, I791, aged 70 years; - Here also lieth the body of Ann, the wife of John Brooks, Jun., who departed this life July 26th, 1795, aged 52 years; Also John Brooks, Jun., who departed this life September 26th, 1807, aged 62 years; - Also Richard Brooks, who departed this life January 7th, I840, aged 84 years; Also Jonathan Bray, Jun., who departed this life March 30th, 1843, aged I5 months. - Bartholomew, the son of Thomas Hounsfield, of Brins- worth, died October Ist, 1767, aged 5 years and an half; And Mary, his sister, died October 16th, aged 15 months; Also Mary, the wife of Thomas Hounsfield, who departed this life December 17th, 1802, aged 70 years; Also the above-named Thomas Hounsfield, who departed this life November 24th, 1817, aged 89 years; Also John, son of the above-named Thomas and Mary Hounsfield, who departed this life March 3rd, 1829, aged 60 years; Also Sarah, daughter of the above-named Thomas and Mary Hounsfield, who departed this life February 27th, I838, aged 78 years. @pp ent ty. - 645 In memory of Dorothy, the wife of Richard Stanley, who died November 13th, 1804, aged 29 years; Richard, their son, died June 28th, I799, an infant; Richard Mellor, their son, died May 18th, 1804, aged 5 months. Also Mary Ann, wife of the above Richard Stanley, who died July 13th, 1816, in the 32nd year of her age; Also Mary Ann, their daughter, died September Ioth, I819, aged 3 years; Also the above-named Richard Stanley, who died July 24th, 1835, aged 68 years. John Lee, of Carrhouse, died April the 8th, 1752, aged 56; Ann, his wife, died December the 17th, 1764, aged 65; John, an infant of John and Ann Lee, of Morthen, died October the 15th, 1770; Also Ann, the daughter of the above-named John and Ann Lee, of Carrhouse, died August 12th, 1804, aged 76; Likewise Sarah, the daughter of the above-named John and Ann Lee, died 31st December, I806, aged 75 years. Here lieth inter'd the body of Bartholomew Hounsfield, who died March 7th, 1752, aged 47 years; Also interred the body of Dorothy, the wife of the above- named Bartholomew Hounsfield, who died September 2nd, I770, aged 69 years; Also Bartholomew, their son, who died May the 3rd, I800, aged 65 years. Here lieth interred the body of John, the son of Bartholomew and Dorothy Hounsfield, who died May Ist, I760, aged 22 years. Here lieth the body of William Earl, who departed this life March the 13th, 1769, aged 50 years; Also Hannah, the wife of the above William Earl, who departed this life the 3rd of January, I799, aged 85 years; Also John, son of the above-named William and Hannah Earl, who departed this life April 16th, 1821, aged 73 years. Here lieth the body of John Hamerton, who departed this life the 7th day of February, 1781, aged 76 years; Also the body of Elizabeth Hamerton, who departed this life September the first, 1788; Also the body of Sarah Hamerton, who departed this life February the first, 1790; Here also lieth the body of Sarah, wife of Matthew Nayler, who died April 8th, 1789, aged 53 years; Also the said Matthew Nayler, died March the I2th, Io81, aged 62 years. Sarah Nayler died September 17th, 1828, aged 63 years; Catherine Nayler died December 14th, 1829, aged 54 years. Dorothy, the wife of Jonathan Stanyforth, died March Igth, I658; and William, his son, March 26th, 1659. Here lyeth the body of Gilbert Hamerton, who departed this life the 5th day of January in the year of Our Lord 1757. Here lieth the body of Elizabeth, the wife of Gilbert Hamerton, who departed this life ye Ioth day of April, in the year of our Lord 1760. In memory of Jeremiah Lockwood, who died March the IIth, 1768, aged 62 years; Here also lieth the body of Elizabeth, the daughter of Joseph and Ellen Nixon, who departed this life July the 3rd, I771, aged 2 years and I4 months; Here also lieth the body of Ellen, wife to the above Joseph Nixon, who died January yº 22nd, I772, aged 29; Also two children, died in infancy; Also Ellen, the wife of Jeremiah Lockwood, who died January 19th, I786, aged 83 years. * Here lyethye body of Mary, daughter of William Downes, who departed this life ye I5th day of October, I704, aged 2 years 5 months and 5 days. Transept. Daniel Barton Wordsworth dyed March the 3rd, 1765, aged I year and I2 days; Also William Wordsworth, died the 4th of October, I766, aged 27 weeks; Jane, the wife of William Wordsworth, she died June 20th, 1782, in the 55 year of her age; Also William Wordsworth, who died March the 18th, 1787, and is interred at Ashford, near Ludlow, in Shrop- shire, aged 52 years. Here lieth the body of John Bower, of Rotherham, surgeon, who departed this life the 2nd day of January, I792, aged 61 years. Here lieth interred the bodies of Mary, John, Elizabeth, Frances, Mary, Rebecca, and Catherine, the children of John and Mary Bower, who all died in their infancy betwixt the year 1759 and I765; Also Mary, the wife of John Bower, who died February 4th, I776, aged 51 years. Here lieth the body of Dinah, wife of Robert Kent, she departed this life April the Ist, I757, aged 55 years. Here lieth the body of George, the son of Richard and Ann Kent, died January 19th, I797, aged 3 years; Also the body of William, their son, who died the 16th of June, 1799, in his infancy; Also the above-named Richard Kent, who departed this life February 2nd, 1817, aged 66 years; Also Ann, wife of the above-named Richard Kent, who died October 2nd, 1827, aged 64 years; Also Elizabeth, daughter of the above-named Richard and Ann Kent, who died December 21st, I839, aged 48 years. Here lieth the body of Robert Kent, of Kimberworth, butcher, who departed this life January yº 22d, 1743, aged 53 years; Also George, son of the above Robert Kent, who departed this life October ye 30th, 1784, aged 58 years; Also George, son of the above George Kent, who died August, 1804, aged 46 years. Here lyeth the body of George, the son - - - - - - Here lyeth the body of George Trotter, gent., who departed this life the 15th of December, I'741, in the 45th year of his age. Martha Skafe died May 4th, I77I, aged 80 years. In memory of John Scholey, late of Wentworth, butcher, who died 23d October, 1767; Also Catherine, his wife, who died 31st October, 1788, aged 68 years. Sarah Bower, died September the 22d, 1763, aged 25 years. John, ye son of John Bingley, died 25th January, I730, aged II months. And Thomas, his son, died I2th 8* I736, aged 2 years and half; And John, his son, died ye 6th gº 1752, aged 21 years and a half; Also Charles Maslen, his grandson, died ye 30th of 8* I757, aged 3 years and 9 months. Here lieth ye body of Ann Maslen, died June ye I4th, 1781, aged 53 years. Here lies the body of Mr. John Bingley, mercer, who departed this life the Ist November, 1760; Also Mary Bingley, his wife, who died January the 4th, I77I, aged 70 years; Also Elizabeth Leley, daughter of the aforesaid John Bingley, she died October 3rd, 1796, aged 61 years; Also Martha Bingley, daughter of the said John Bingley, died May 14th, 1803, aged 66 years. Here lies the body of Richard Bingley, mercer, who departed this life April 25th, I'762, aged 35 years; Also Charlotte, wife of the above-named Richard Bingley, who departed this life December 19th, I779, aged 43 years. John Bingley, son of the above Richard Bingley, died 20th June, I789, aged 29 years. Here lieth the body of Evan Jones, Jun., who departed this life the 24th day of March, I'773, aged 23 years. In memory of Susanna Jones, who died November 19th, I785, aged 32 years. In memory of Thomas Alexander Newman, who died February 4th, 1788, aged I5 months. In memory of Evan Jones, Senior, died March 4th, I792, aged 68 years. gº 646 330th crijam. Here lieth Betty, the daughter of Henry and Mary Mitchener, ob. 23 April, 1773, aged 9 months. Lettering defaced. Here lyeth the body of Ann Feney, daughter of William Feney, who died the 22nd of May, 1741, aged 21 years. Joshua Feney, grandson of the above William Feney, departed this life 28th August, 1765, aged 7 years; Also William Feney, son of the above-named, died 23rd December, 1791, aged 66 years; | Also Mary, wife of William Feney, Jun., who died March I5th, 1820, aged 87 years. Here lie deposited the mortal remains of Thomas Cilley, who departed this life February 4th, 1823, aged 57 years. Here lieth the body of two children of George Staniforth, of Catcliffe, heir of George Beardwell deceased. Dolor Slater, who died ye 20th of November, 1728, aged I6 days; Also John, who died ye 23rd of January, 1728, aged 3 years 7 months and 16 days. t Sacred to the memory of Sarah Jagger, who departed this life May IIth, 1839, aged 76 years. Christopher, son of Richard Oddy, of Hill Top, 3rd July, 1756, aged 6 years. Here lieth ye body of Richard Oddy, the son of Richard Oddy, gent., who departed this life December 27th, 1782, aged 66 years. Hannah, the wife of Joshua Jepson Oddy, of Darnall, who died April 9th, aged 56 years; Also the above-named Joshua Jepson Oddy, of Darnall, who died June 25th, 1816, aged 75 years. In memory of Mary Ann, the wife of William Stanley, Jun., who died the Ist day of May, 1793, in the 24th year of her age; Also of John Herdman, their son, who died the 12th day of November, 1800, in the 8th year of his age. Anne, his second wife, died the I5th day of September, 1825, in the 53d year of her age. Richard, the son of William and Mary Stanley, died the 13 day of May, 1812, in the 3rd year of his age. Margaret, their daughter, died the 20th day of December, I813, in the Ioth year of her age. In memory of Elizabeth, the wife of Jacob Boomer, who died May 20th, 1803, aged 61 years; Also the above Jacob Boomer, who died June 14th, 1811, aged 72 years; Also Benjamin Boomer, son of the above Jacob and Elizabeth Boomer, who died December 28th, 1825, aged 62 years; Also Mary Anne, daughter of the above-named Benjamin Boomer, died October 25th, 1830; Also Mary, wife of the above, who died December 25th, I839, in the 73rd year of her age ; Also Benjamin, son of the above-named Benjamin and Mary Boomer, who died November IIth, 1841, aged 40 years. Here lieth the body of John Boomer, son of Benjamin Boomer, who died the 27th day of September, I778, aged 36 years; Also of Jacob John, son of Benjamin and Mary Boomer, who died August 22nd, 1850, aged 40 years. Here lieth thee wives of Thomas Dawes, Frances, his first wife, [Remainder not readable.] - In memory of Jane, the wife of john Hattersley, who died January 29th, 1810, aged 47 years; Also Jane, their grand-daughter, who died June 22nd, I818, aged 3 years; - Also the above-named John Hattersley, who died June 4th, 1834, aged 69 years. Here lye Sarah Langley, who died July Ioth, 1684, aged 54 years ; The mother of John, Dorcas, and William, who died September 8th, I706, aged 43 years; Also Elizabeth, his wife, who died November ye 5th, I74I, aged 71 years. - And of their children Richard, William, Hannah, all which died in infancy. Walter, who died June ye Ist, 1730, aged 31 years; Also of John Burton, of Rotheram, mercer, who died September, 1732. Ann, his wife, daughter of William and Elizabeth Langley, died October 31st, 1733, aged - - - The bodies of Elizabeth, daughter of William and Elizabeth Langley and widow of Richard Thornton, and late of John Bell, of Sheffield, merchants, who died July 8th, I753; - Also Sarah Turner, late of Hemsworth, daughter of the above William and Elizabeth Langley, who died May the 22nd, 1791, aged 97 years. Here lieth the body of Catherine, the daughter of James and Sarah Brownell, who died the 31st of March, 1789, aged I year; Also three infants. James Brownell died April 1st, 1824, aged 65 years; Also Maria, daughter of the above James and Sarah Brownell, who died June 11th, 1826, aged 30 years; Also Sarah, wife of the above James Brownell, who died July 9th, 1835, aged 74 years. L.W.I.4ivl. 1647, Mr. Robart Sharp, Cvrat of Rotherham, buried ye - - - of Ivne, 1657. Here lie the body of Thomas, the son of Joseph and Sarah - - - - who departed this life February 3rd, I7 - - Here lieth the body of Elizabeth, the daughter of Joseph Nightingale, who departed this life the 29th of May, I'749; Also Esther, the wife of Joseph Nightingale, was buried December the 28th, 1754, aged 58 years; And Joseph Nightingale, departed this life January the 4th, 1758, aged 63 years. Here lieth the body of Elizabeth, the wife of William Nightingale, who departed this life September the 29th, I767, aged - - - years; Also William Nightingale, who died - - - of September, I784, aged - - - years; Also Thomas, son of William and Elizabeth Nightingale, who died - - - September, 1786, aged - - - Also Joseph Nightingale, who departed this life the 22nd of March, 1800, aged - - - years; Also Sarah, the wife of the above Joseph Nightingale, who departed this life the 15th day of October, 1802, aged 38 years. - Here lyeth the body of Cuthbert Jinkin, who died March the 27th, 1765, aged 35; Also Deborah, his wife, died January Ioth, 1804, aged 75 years. Here lieth the body of Richard Law, Sen”, who departed this life April the 18th, 1779, aged 63 years; Also Mary, his wife, who departed her life January yº Ist, I780, aged 60 years. In memory of John Law, the son of Richard and Mary Law, who departed this life April the I4th, I782, aged 38 years; - - Also Benj., son of the above John and Hannah Law, who departed this life March the Ioth, 1778, aged 2 years. Here lieth the body of John, son of John Shaw, of Whitehall, who departed this life the 23 day of May, 1780, aged 43 years; Here also lieth the body of John Shaw, Senior, who departed this life December 25th, 1781, aged 71 years; Also William, son of the above-named John Shaw, who departed this life October 30th, 1807, - - - - - years. The remains of Mr. John Mirfin, who departed this life - - - December, 1780. [Remainder not readable]. In memory of Dorothy Wilkinson, who died September I9th, I752, aged 58 years; Also of Henry Wilkinson, who died March Ioth, 1761, aged 71 years; Also of John Wilkinson, who died April 7th, 1763, aged 38 years. - In memory of John Clarke who departed this life November 15th, 1802, aged 76 years; @pp titlis. 647 Also of Jane, relict of the above John Clarke, who departed this life June 28th, 1833, aged 85 years; - Also of Robert, son of the above-named John and Jane Clarke, who departed this life May 28th, 1830, aged 62 years; Also of Sarah, daughter of the above-named John and Jane Clarke, who departed this life June IIth, 1852, aged 82 years. Here lies the bodies of Elizabeth, the daughter, and William, George, and Joseph, the sons of William and Margaret Barnsley, who all died in their infancy. Here lieth the body of William Barnsley, Sen", who departed this life December 6th, 1796, aged 62 years; Also Margaret, wife of the above William Barnsley, Sen", who departed this life the I4th day of June, 1808, aged 78 years. In memory of Mary Ann, the daughter of Joseph and Ann Sunderland, who died July 2nd, I797, aged 5 months; Also Martha, their daughter, who died July 18th, 1799, aged 5 months; Also John, their son, who died September 16th, 1800, aged 3 months 2 weeks; - Also the above-named Joseph Sunderland, died December 23rd, 1822, aged 70 years; Also Elizabeth, wife of Robert Pearson, and daughter of the above-named Joseph and Ann Sunderland, who died January 22nd, 1825, aged 21 years. - [Not readable]. In memory of Mary Hoyland, died May the 8th, 1768. Here lieth the body of John, the son of William and Margaret Barnsley, who departed this life the - - - day of December, I804, aged 46 years; Also Edward Barnsley, son of the above William and Margaret Barnsley, who departed this life December 30th, 1829, aged 65 years. Here lie the bodyes of three infant daughters of John and Mary Clarke; they died in the years 1795, 1796, and I802. Here also lies interred the body of the above-named John Clarke, who departed this life 21st day of August, 1805, aged 40 years; Also the body of Mary, his wife, who died 13th February, I826, aged 55; Mary Stanley, daughter of John and Mary Clarke, died November 2nd, 1827, aged 27. Here lies the body of Mary, late wife of James Anderson, of Rotherham, who departed this life the 4th of March, I733, in the I2Oth year of her age. Sacred to the memory of John Moorhouse, Surgeon, born October 4th, 1812, died October 6th, 1836; the above was youngest son of the late John Moorhouse, of Sheffield, Surgeon. Beneath this stone interr'd does lie the bodys of Mary and William Wilkinson; she departed this life February the 28th, 1769, aged 57 ; he the 2nd of July in the same year in the 69 year of his age; Also Ann, Francis, their children, who died in their infancy. [A brass plate taken from the head of this stone]. Here lieth interr'd the body of Richard Tyas, of Rotherham, who departed this life October IIth, 1762, aged 53 years; Also William, his son, who departed this life May yº 8th, I746, aged 2 years; Also Thomas, his son, who departed this life October yº 9th, 1753, aged 2 years; Also Margaret, his daughter, was interr'd the 12th of June, 1762, aged 9 years. [Not readable]. In memory of Elizabeth, the daughter of John and Mary Ann Lambert, who departed this life September 21st, 1819, aged 2 years and Io months; - Also of John, son of John and Nanny Batty, of Sheffield, who died October 16th, 1819, aged 34 years; Also the above-named Nanny Batty, who departed this life April IIth, 1820, aged 70 years; Also Thomas, son of the above John and Mary Ann Lambert, who departed this life August 8th, 1820, aged I6 months; - Also the above-named John Batty, who departed this life November Ist, 1830, aged 84 years. [Not readable]. Here lieth the body of Robt. Hawksley, he died August the 30th, I75I, aged 31 ; - Here also lieth the body of Dorothy Barlow, late of Hipip Salvin, who died January the 16th, 1778, aged 77 years; Also George Barlow, of Masbrough, who died the 23 of May, 1791, aged 69 years; - Also Thomas Barlow, died October 23rd, 1802, aged 84 ears; y Also Luke, son of Thomas Barlow, Jun., died April 14th, 1809, aged 8 years. - Here lieth ye body of George Smith, of Moorgate, who died 20th July, I'752, aged 56; Also William, son of John Pearson, Surgeon, of Rother- ham, who dy'd young. Here lieth the bodies of William, John Thomas, and Ann, children of John and Deborah Pearson, of Rotherham, who died infants; Also the body of William Smith, of Rotherham, Gent., who died I4th day of September, 1766, aged 78 years. Mary Medlam, died September 14th, 1830, aged 83 years; Also Frances Ann Harrison, of Rotherham, relict of Joseph Harrison, and daughter of the above-named Mary Medlam, who died on the 15th of April, 1852, aged 79 years. In memory of Mary, the daughter of John and Mary Coupland, died December the 27th, 1781, aged 3 days; Also of Harriot, the daughter of John and Mary Coupland, who died March IIth, 1788, aged 1 year and Io months; Also of John, the son of the said John and Mary Coup- land, who died March 22nd, 1788, aged 6 months; Also of William, the son of the said John and Mary Coupland, who died May 19th, 1791, aged 8 months. Of Elizabeth, the wife of Charles Condell, and daughter of George and Elizabeth; she died 21st July, 1778, aged 46 years. Charles Condell died April 24th, 1798, aged 72 years. Mrs. Carliell, buried August ye 6th, 1745. [Brass plate taken away]. To the memory of Charles Platt, Esq., died June 2d, I817, aged 47 years; And also of Judith Ann, his wife, who died September the 9th, 1837, aged 67 years. [The first inscription on this stone not readable.] Tabitha, ye wiſe of - - Tomlinson, Gent. Buryū ye gºh of January, I724. Here lie interred the body of Sarah, the widow of Obed Foljambe, late of Rotherham, deceased, who departed this life the 19th day of February, 1761, in the 77th year of her age; Also the body of Henry, the son of John and Abigail Foljambe, who died an infant, on the 31st day of October, I770; Also the body of Obed Foljambe, the son of the said Obed and Sarah, who departed this life the 5th day of March, I775, in the 60th year of his age; Also the body of Sarah, the daughter of John and Abigail Foljambe, who departed this life the 2d of Feb., 1786, in the 13th year of her age; Also Abigail, the wife of the said John Foljambe, who died the 19th day of January, 1788, in the 41st year of her age : Also Harriot, the daughter of the said John and Abigail, who died the 7th day of June, 1790, in the 22nd year of her age; Also the said John Foljambe, who died the 29th day of April, I792, in the 51st year of his age. 648 33 otherham. Here lieth the body of Obed, the son of Henry Foljambe, late of Eastwood, who departed this life the 18 day of September, 1706; Also the body of Sarah Foljambe, his grand-daughter, who departed this life the 16th day of February, 1745, in the 6th year of her age. Olive, the widow of the said Obed Foljambe, died the 21st of March, 1794, aged 86. - Here lieth inter'd the body of Richard Oddy, late of Eastwood, who departed this life the 14th day of Nov., I749, aged 47 years; - Also the bodys of Hannah, Henry, and Elizabeth, his children; Here also lieth Azubah, wife of the aforesaid Richard Oddy, and daughter of Henry Foljambe, Gent., who departed this life the 8th day of April, 1756, aged 72 years; Also Azubah, daughter of the above and wife of Robert Wilson, who died June the 8th, 1773, aged 49 years; Also the above-named Robert Wilson, who departed this life January 29th, 1801, aged 84 years; Also Richard, son of the above Robert and Azubah Wilson, who died February 19th, 1826, aged 67 years. B. R. [First inscriptions unreadable.] Also Hannah, his daughter, died in her infancy. Also Mary, wife of the above Robert Cadman, died August 3rd, I789, aged 57 years. North Chapel. Here was buried Thomas Wheatley, Gent., who died May y” 26th, I758, in the 34th year of his age. Frances Wheatley, relict of the late Thomas Wheatley, Gent., of Wakefield, and wife to the late Joseph Sorsbie, Gent., of Rotherham, died October 17th, 1762, in the 71st year of her age. Sarah Sorbie necessimo sexto die Aprilis obijt 1735. Sarah, Uxor Josephi Sorsbie, Gent., - - - - die January, Obijt A9 Dni 1702; Maria Sorsbie, Tertio July Obijt An° Do 1725; Josephus Sorsbie decimo quarto die Octobris Obijt A9 Do 1728; Josephus Sorsbie generosus (Josephi Filius) xiii Kal. Xbris An. Dom. MDCCXXXIX Sexagenarius Obijt. Rebecca, the wife of William Stanley, died October 15th, 1781, aged 38 years; Also Susanna, their daughter, died an infant in 1771. The above-named William Stanley died August 3rd, I795, aged 51 years; Also Harriet Stanley, their grand-daughter, who died 6th December, 1812, aged 4 years. Mary, the wife of Samuel Hallows Hamer, died June Ioth, I779, aged 62 years. - George, their third son, died July 9th, 1760, aged 4 years. Samuel, their eldest son, died in London, October Ioth, I769, aged 18 years, buried in St. Lawrance Church, Old Street. Henrietta, their fifth daughter, who died March 17th, I787, aged 23 years. - The above-named Samuel Hallows Hamer, died Sep- tember 19th, 1787, aged 59 years. James, their fourth son, died July 9th, 1794, aged 36 years. Here lieth the body of Mr. Nathaniel Beverley, who departed this life March the 18th, 1737, aged 68 years. In memory of Sarah, wife of Jonathan Walker, of Mas- brough, she died Jan. 6, 1776, aged 62 years. William, son of William and Mary Yates, of Masbrough, (and great-grandson of the above Sarah Walker) died 27th May, I814, aged 6 weeks; Also Charles, third son of the above, died Jany. 26th, 1818, aged Io weeks. Here lie interred the bodies of Benjamin and Ann, son and daughter of John and Ann Oxley, who died in their infancy, February the I5th, 1775; Also Georg, their son, departed this life September the 14, 1776, aged 6 years; - Also the above-named Ann Oxley, died January the 4, I778, aged 29 years; Also John their son, who departed this life Oct. 22nd, I818, aged 47 years. In memory of John Oxley, Senr., who died Jany. 8th, I819, aged 80 years; Also Elizh, the wife of John Oxley, Junr., who departed this life Jany. 31st, 1824, aged 57 years. Here lieth the body of Mr. Vollantine Hurt, who died the 7th day of August, and was buried the 8th, 1692. Here lieth Mary, ye wife of Vollantine Hurt, Gent., who departed this life Ist day of Sept., and was buried ye 3rd day, I7Io, being aged 57 years. - [Brass plate]. Ralph Tunnicliffe, of Dalton, in this parish, Gent., ob. I2th April, I736, aet. 48; - And Goodeth, his wife, ob. I2th December, 1758, aet. 72. Ralph Tunnicliffe, 1794. In memory of William Hall, of Ickles, who died March 24th, I812, aged 36 years. Here lie interred the bodies of Mary, Susanna, and Sarah Hall, of Ickles Mill, who all died in their infancy; Also Thomas Hall, the infant son of John and Margaret Hall, Jun., who died April 27th, 1806; Also the above-named John Hall, Jun., who departed this life January 30th, 1808, aged 54 years. In memory of George Denison, late of Ickles, who died June 3rd, 1810, aged 56 years. In memory of Mary Marsh, daughter of Robº and Eliz" Marsh, who departed this life, sincerely regretted by her friends and acquaintance, on the 6th day of April, 1806, in the 18th year of her age; Also Ann, the wife of John Barker Marsh, Ickles, who died February the 5th, 1833, in the 44th year of her age ; Also the said John B. Marsh, died April 16th, 1843, aged 5I years. Here lieth the remains of Robert Marsh, late of Ickles, who departed this life April ye 6th, 1801, in the 81st year of his age; - Also Gilbert Marsh, son of the above-named, who departed this life July 5th, 1801, aged 48 years; Also Mary, widow of the above-named Robert Marsh, who died December 24th, 1820, aged go years; Also Robert Marsh, son of the above-named Robert and Mary Marsh, who died November 26th, 1837, in the 77th year of his age. Arthur Kimpland, Esq., Collector of Excise, died March 27th, I774, aged 63 years. Here lieth the body of Mr. John Law, died the 22nd of March, aged 41 years; - Also the body of John, the son of John Law, died the 29th April, aged 16 years. Martha, daughter of Mr. John Law, died November I4th, I758, in the 21st year of her age; Also Mr. Nathaniel Morton, who died January 25th, I763, aged 59 years; Also Abigail, widow of the said Mr. John Law, who died 2nd of May, 1784, in the 71st year of her age. In memory of Abigail, the relict of George Robinson, Esq., of Kui, in Jamaica, and Boxley, and eldest daughter of the Rev. Edward Mason, of Blythe N., who died on the 22nd December, in the 64th year of her age. Beneath this stone lie interred the remains of the Rev. Robert Hopkins, of Rotherham. He was born April 24th, I738, and died February 24th, 1827. Chancel. Matthew Biggs, late of York, gent., died 24 April, 1722, in the 93° year of his age. Matthew Biggs, Esq., died 3° Feby, 1736, aged 64 years. John Tooker, son to Tooker Tooker, Esq., died 9th Jan., I740, aged - - - years. - @pp entis. 649 Charles Tooker, of Rotherham, Gentleman, buried 18th Sep", I68o. Tooker Tooker, Esq.", buried 16th Dec., 1745, aged 36 €21 S. y Frances Tooker, his widow, buried 15th Feb., 1780, aged 65 years. Jane Tooker, their daughter, buried 23rd July, 1800, aged 58 years. Samuel Tooker, Esq., died 224 Dec., 1806, aged 69 years. Ann Tooker, daughter of Charles Tooker, Gent., and Ann, his wife, died 17th Sept., 1766, in the Ioth year of her age. Catherine Biggs, wife of Matthew Biggs, Gent., and dau. of Chas. Tooker, Gent., and Ann, his wife, buried 29th Jan., 1725, in the 50th year of her age. Catherine Woodcock, died October 4th, 1819, aged 63 years. Jane Holden, relict of Richard Holden, Esq., niece of Samuel Tooker, Esq., and sister of Catherine. Christopher Adam, late Vicar, bur. ye 13 Feb., 1700, aged 60. Elizabeth Beatson, his grand-daughter, died the 12th day of December, I738, aged 28 years. John Kent, Gent., late of Kimberworth, died August ye I7th, 1754, aged 63. In memory of Mr. Thos. Turner, who departed this life July the 2nd, 1813, aged 8o; Also Betty, wife of the above Thos. Turner, who departed this life Oct. 28th, 1819, aged 86 years. Here lyeth the body of Thomas, son of William Kent, of Kimberworth, who was buried ye 4th day of February, Anno Dº I694, aged 7 years and 6 months; Here also lyeth the body of Elizabeth, daughter of William Kent, of Kimberworth, who was buried 30th of January, A* D* 1707, aged 13 years Io months: Here also was interred the body of William Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., who departed this life upon the 14th day of November, Annoq, Dom. 1717, aged 69 years 2 months : * Martha, wife of Mr. W. Kent, of Kimberworth, departed this life April 17th, 1753, aged 47. Here lyeth Ann, daughter of Thomas Creswick, of Burrough Leigh, Gent., and wife of Wm. Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., who died Dec. 9th, 1723, aged 68; Also Thomas Kent, of Kilnhurst, Gent., son of the above Wm. Kent, died March 5th, 1747, aged 53 years; And Mr. Thomas Kent, son of John Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., died Oct. 30, 1756, being twenty-one, wanting nine hours. Here lie interred the mortal remains of the Revd. Thos. Blackley, M.A., vicar of Rotherham, after twenty-eight years faithfully and laboriously exercising his ministry in this extensive parish, he died in peace, deeply lamented, on the 26th day of January, 1842, aged 60 years; Also sacred to the memory of Edwin Blackley, M.D., Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, second son of the above, who died at Bombay, Jany. 1st, 1837, aged 32 years. [Brass plates.] Here lie interred the body of George Westby, of Gilth- waite, Gent., who departed this life the 20th day of February, in the 64th year of his age, Annoq. Domini, 1715; And also three of his children, Henry, who dyed in the 25th year of his age; Alice, who dyed in the 12th year of her age; and Elizabeth, who dyed in the 4th year of her age. Here resteth the body of Samuel Westby, eldest son of George Westby, of Gillfitt (alias Guilthwaite), Gent., who departed this life the fourteenth day of November, one thousand six hundred seventie and six, being the twenty- ninth year of his age. Here lieth the body of Alice, wife of George Westby, late of Gillfitt, Gent., who died Aug. the 17th, 1685, in the 60th year of her age. [Brass plates.] Here lieth interred the body of Mary, the second daughter of George Westby, of Gillfitt, alias Guilthwaite, Gent., who departed this life the first and was buried the 4th of April, in the year of our Lord 1679, being the 26 year of her age. Here lieth the body of John, the fourth son of George Westby, late of Gillfitt, Gent., died Decr. the 21st, 1684, in ye 21st year of her age. Thomas Westby, Esqr., of Haworth, dyed July 24th, I758, aged 59. Jane Westby, widow and relict of Thomas Westby, Esq., died April 29th, 1790, aged 74. - Elizabeth Westby, of Haworth, died October 23, 1818, aged 78 years. [Three brass plates.] I. Here lieth interred Anne, daughter of Charles Darwent, who departed this life the 15th of January, Anno Domini 1672, being six days old. 2. Here lieth interred Charles, second son of Charles Darwent, Gent., who departed this life the 16th of October, Anno Do. 1670, being eighteen dayes old. 3. Here lies John Peirson, eldest son of John Pierson, Esq., of Raystorp, in the East Riding of this county, died April 24th, I745. Richard Howard, fourth Earl of Effingham, Baron Howard of Effingham, born Feby. 21st., 1748, died Dec. Ioth, I816. Here lyeth the body of Frances, the wife of Thomas Atkinson, Gent., daughter of William Aslabie, of this town, Gent., was bury'd ye Ioth of Jan., A9 Do 1721. A female child, still-born, of Wm. Aslabie’s, Gent., bury'd ye 26th of Octob" Anº Do 1699. A male child, still-born, of Samº Buck's, of this town, Gent., bury'd ye 6th of Apº A9 Do 1715. Here lyeth the body of Robt., son of Robt. Aslabie, Gent., grandson to Wm. Aslabie, Gent., bury'd ye 29th of Augst., I723. Here lyeth the body of Ann, daughter of William Aslabie, Gent., bury'd the 6th of Dec., Anº Do 1692. Mary, his daughter, was bury'd the Ioth of July, Anno Do I604. cºine, his daughter, was bury'd the 5th of June, Anno Domini, I697. Thomas, third son of Wm. Aslabie, Gent., bury'd ye IIth of Sept., Ano Do 1698. Ann, his daughter, was bury'd the 25th of May, A9 Do I699. Here lies the body of Saml. Buck, Esq., who died the Ist March, I747, aged 62. Likewise Mrs. Jane Buck, daughter of Mr. Wm. Aslabie, died 22nd July, 1749, aged 64; - Also Samel Buck, their son, died 28th Feby., 1734, aged 21. Catherine Buck, died May, I778, in the 71st year of her age. [Three brass plates.] I. Here lieth the body of John Laughton, of Haworth, in this parish, Gent., who departed this life the 5th day of September, Anno Do 1687, in the thirty-fifth year of his a Q'e. *Here lieth also the body of John, only child of the above- named John Laughton, who departed this life the 20th day of January, A9 D9 1687, in the 24 year of his age. 2. George Westby, of Haworth, son of George Westby, Esq., of Guilthwaite, died 3° of June, 1790, aged 50 ; Also of Catherine, his wife, daughter of John Hirst, Esq., of Clough, died 13 November, 1820, aged 68. 3. Here lieth the body of Ruth, onely daughter of Charles Laughton, of Haworth Grange, Gent., buried the 7th of August, I675. Here is interred the body of Richd. Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., eldest son of Richd. Kent, late of Whiston, Gent., who was born January ye 4th, 1695, dy’d October ye 4th, and bury'd yº 6th, I739, aged 31 years 9 months. Sarah Kent, relict of the above Richd. Kent, died 3” Sept., I769, aged 69. Here lyeth the body of Richard Kent, of Whiston, Gent., who departed this life ye I2th, and was bury'd ye 15th of May, 1704, aged 7 years 2 months; Here also lyethe ye body of Frederick Kent, son of Richd. Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., who departed this life y” IIth, and was bury'd yº I2th of June, I725, aged 3 months; 82 650 - 330th crijam. Here also lyeth the body of Elizabeth, wife of the aforesaid Richd. Kent, of Whiston, Gent., who departed this life the 24th of June, and was bury'd the 26th, Anno Dom. I727, aged 65 years. - Here lyeth the body of William, son of Richard Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., who was interred the 16th day of September, Annoq, Dom. I680, aged Io years 4 months. Here also lyeth the body of Elizabeth, wife of Richard Kent, of Kimberworth, Gent., who was interred the 30th day of May, Annoq Dom. I693, aged 49 years. Here also lyeth the body of Richard Kent, of Kimber- worth, Gent., who was interred the 29th day of June, Annoqº Dom. I7II, aged 67 years 3 months. Here was interred the body of William, son of Richard Kent., Gent., on the I2 day of April, in the 40th year of his age, Anno Dom. I724. Here lyes the body of Eliz., daughter of William Kent, of Ickles Hall, Gent., who dy'd the Ist, and was bury’d yº 2" day of September, A.D. 1727, aged II years and 4 months. Ellis Farneworth, clarke, was bur. Mar. 27, 1687. John, son of Mr. Saml. Aslabie, merchant in Lisbon. Here lyeth the body of Westby, ye second son of Mr. Kent, of Whiston, who departed this life ye 15 day of June, I752. . Here lieth the body of Joseph, 4th son of Charles Laughton, of Haworth, who departed this life ye 15th of July, I672. [Not able to decipher anything on this stone.] South Chapel. Isabella Holden, widow of John Holden, died April 26th, I797, aged 62. The Rev. John Holden, B.D., their eldest son, died August 27th, I806, aged 44. Sacred to the memory of Charles Newton, Esq., of Barbot Hall, died September 15th, 1828, aged 71 years; Also of Ann, relict of the above-named Charles Newton, Esq., of Barbot Hall, who died January 21st, 1832, aged 72 years; Also of Caroline Sanderson, who died 22nd April. In memory of William Favell, who died Feb. 20th, I784, aged 85 years; Also Mary, his wife, who died Aug. 29th, 1757, aged 62 years; Also William, son of William and Mary Favell, who died April 29th, 1810, aged 76 years; Also Hannah, his wife, who died March IIth, 1792, aged 30 years; Also Walter, Walter-Hughes, and William, children of William and Hannah Favell. In memory of James Smith, who died June 12th, 1830, aged 52 years. Here lies the body of Mary, late wife of Edward Bellamy, Apothecary and Surgeon. She was daughter of Bertie Entwisle, Esq., and Clare, his wife, of Wigan, Lancashire. She died July the 16th, 1742, aged 42. Here lieth the body of Edward Bellamy, son of Edward Bellamy, of Worksop, in the county of Nottingham, Gentleman, deceased. He was fifty-three years a Surgeon and Apothecary in Rotherham, and died there the 18 day of July, I777, aged 75 years. Here lieth the body of Mary, the second wife of Edwd. Bellamy, apothecary and surgeon. She was daughter of John Mirfin, Esq., and Mary his wife, of Slade Hooton. She died Dec. the Ist, 1765, aged 46 years; Also of Mary Bellamy, spinster, sister of the said Edwd. Bellamy, who died January the 20th, 1781, aged 81 years; Here also lieth the body of Jane, the wife of Robert Hall, of this town, who departed this life November 26th, I784, aged 72 years; Also the above Robert Hall, who departed this life June the I4th, 1786, aged 78 years. A In memory of John Kay, late of Eastwood, Gent., who departed this life the 21st of December, 1789, aged 77 years. In memory of Margaret, wife of John Kay, of Eastwood, who departed this life the 6th of Jany 1780, aged 55; Also Margaret, their daughter, departed this life Aug” yº IIth, I754, aged 7 years and II months; Also Elizabeth, their daughter, who departed this life Jany 22° 1814, aged 57 years; Also Mary, their daughter, and wife of Thos. Cawthorne, Junr., who departed this life April Ioth, 1844, aged 54 ears ; y Also the above-named Thos. Cawthorne, died Augst I5th, I819, aged 54. Here [a brass plate taken away from this stone]. In memory of Thomas Mapplebeck, Gent., of Sheffield, who departed this life July 13th, 1806, aged 58 years; Also Sarah, wife of the above Thomas Mapplebeck, who died January IIth, 1829, aged 71 years. Here lieth the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Patrick, who departed this life December 15th, 1776, aged 83 years. In memory of the Revd. Robert Gibson, late of the Isle of Walney, near Ulverstone, in the county of Lancaster, who died May Ist, 1812, aged 26 years. Here lieth the body of Richard Wilkinson, late of Kendal, in Westmoreland, who departed this life the 26th of July, I802, aged 31 years. Sacred to the memory of William Carnelley, son of Thos. and Abigail Carnelly, who died May 15th, 1803, aged 24 years; Also Thos. Carnelley, Senior, who died Augºt 26th, 1814, aged 65 years; - Also Abigail, wife of the above-named Thomas Carnelley, Senior, who departed this life November 27th, 1822, aged 76 years. [Brass plate]. In memory of Catherine Lane, widow of James Lane, of Barbot Hall, who died October 26th, 1801, aged 82; Also Mary Lane, daughter of the above, who departed this life December 24th, 1802, aged 58 years. Here lieth interred the body of Jonathan Crawshaw, of Masbrough, youngest son of John Crawshaw, who departed this life December 5th, 1772, aged 23 years; Also Ann, wife of John Crawshaw, who departed this life the 23rd day of August, 1798, aged 88 years. The said John Crawshaw died February 23rd, 1800, aged 81 years. Here lieth the body of Hannah, the wife of John Calver, of Grimesthorpe, who departed this life September 4th, I795, in the 55th year of her age. In memory of Thomas Norman, who departed this life September 16th, 1809, aged 67 years; Also Hannah, wife of the above-named Thomas Norman, who died July 21, 1811, aged 66 years; Also John, son of the said John and Hannah Norman, who died December 3rd, 1811, aged 43 years; Also John, son of the above-named John Norman, died January 22nd, 1815, aged I5 years. - In memory of Maria, daughter of William and Sarah Booth, who died an infant September 4th, 1784; - Also Ann, the eldest daughter of John Kay, Gentleman, late of Eastwood, who departed this life the eighth day of February, 1823, aged 72 years. South Aisle. [In the south-west corner of the church this stone was laid under the stairs]. Henry Moorehouse, vicar, was buried August the Sixt, I690, and Sarah, his wife - - - - - - John Hoole, buried the 17th of October, 1695. Here lies the body of Mrs. Mary Hoole, of Tinsley, the daughter of John Hoole, who departed this life May the 3" I789, aged 65 years. @pp entia. 65 I Eubonia Shuttleworth, buried ye Ig day of April, 1702; [Brass plate.—This plate was on the bottom of the south gallery stairs, but had been taken off No. 21. Here lyeth ye body of Mr. John Hoole, of Tinsley, departed this life the 2nd day of April, 1722, in the 42 year of his age. * John, Son of John Rawwood, bury'd ye 6th of March, A.D. I729. Anne, y” wife of John Rawwood, bury'd March ye 24th, A.D. I729. John Rawwood, Senior, buried the 2d day of July, 1734, aged 62 years. [Brass plate]. Here lieth the body of Mary Mercer, relict of Dr. Mercer, late of London, who departed this life November 27th, I764, aged 95 years. Here lieth enterred the body of - - - - - - - - son of - - - - - - Parsonson, departed this - - - - - - Ano. Do. - - - months and 5 dayes. Ann, yº wife of Samuel Parsonson, bur, ye 15th of - - - - An. Dº I?37, aged 62 years. Here lieth the body of Hannah, the wife of Benjamin Drabble, of Masbrough, in the parish of Rotherham, who departed this life June ye Ioth, 1761, aged 59 years; Also the above-named Benjamin Drabble, who died March 17th, 1783, aged 79 years. Sacred to the memory of Ann Drabble, daughter of Richd. Drabble, of Masbrough, son of the above-named Benjamin Drabble, she departed this life July 11th, 1811, aged 43 years; Also Ann, wiſe of the above-named Richd. Drabble, who died March 26th, 1816, aged 80 years. Here lieth the body of Daniel Hirst, of Dalton, who departed this life May the 16th, 1763, aged 77. In memory of Francis Soar, of Dalton, who died Dec. 20th, I831, aged 83 years; Also Mary Soar, wife of the above, who died July 27th, I840, aged 82 years; Also William, son of the above Francis and Mary Soar, who died June 17th, 1845, aged 52 years. In memory - -, -, - daughter of Frances and Mary Soar, of Dalton, who died - - - - - - I798, aged - - - - - ; Also of Thomas - - - - son of the above-named Francis and Mary Soar, who died Ioth of March, 1799, aged 18 years. - Here lieth the body of Sarah, daughter of John Hirst, of Dalton, who departed this life April 20th, 1714. Here lieth the body of - - - - - - - - , of Great Dalton, who died in the year 1617. Elizabeth Waterhouse died November 6th, 1776, aged 69 years; - Also Thomas Mirfin Waterhouse, her son, who died Feby. 22" I799, aged 55 years; - Also Thomas Hirst Waterhouse, who departed this life March the 18th, 1802, aged 60 years. [Brass plate]. - Mary, the wife of Thomas Hirst, of Great Dalton, died February 28th, 1755, aged 70 years. Matthew Waterhouse, died yº 18th day of August, I769, aged 67 years. Sarah, his wife, died January 30th, 1761, aged 42. Matthew, their son, died May ye 20th, 1769, aged 25. Elizabeth, the wife of T. M. Waterhouse, died October 24th, I776, aged 28 years. [Brass plate]. - Here lyethy" body of Elizabeth, the daughter of Jonathan Hirst, of Near Dalton, in this parish, who departed this life the IIth day of March, 1716, in the 24 year of her age. Thomas Hirst, of Great Dalton, dyed Dec. the 16th, I744, aged 57. Mary, the daughter of Matthew Waterhouse, and grand" to y” above Thos. Hirst, dy’d Sep. 30, 1739, aged 2I days. - Sarah, dy’d Nov. 6, 1749, aged 3 years. Here lyeth interred the body of Jonathan Hirst, of Little Dalton, Gent., who departed this life the 5th day of October, Anno Domini I713, in the 634 year of his age. In memory of Charles, son of William and Harriet Norman, who died May 23rd, 1821, aged IO months; - Also Mary, their daughter, who died April 21st, 1834, aged 20 months; Also the above-named William Norman, who died - December Ist, 1839, aged 47 years; Also Thomas, son of the above William and Harriet Norman, who died July 24th, 1841, aged 19 years. Middle Aisle. Here lyeth the body of Hannah Skafe, wife of George Skafe, died the 15th of January, 1732; And Hannah, theire daughter, died the 4th of May, 1713; Samuel, the son of George Skafe, Junior, who departed this life the 6th of September, 1741, aged 2 years. In memory of John, the son of George Skafe, who departed this life the 25th December, 1767, aged 32 years; Also Elizabeth, his sister, died in infancy. Here lies the body of Hannah, the wife of George Skafe, died June 9th, I774, aged 6I. In memory of Henry Hamer, Esq., of Halifax, who died on the Ioth of October, 1791, aged 52 years; Also Margaret Hamer, died Sep. 25th, 1829, aged 64 years; Also Sarah Hamer, died October 31st, 1838, aged 78 years. In memory of Ann Hamer, eldest daughter of the late Samuel Hallows Hamer, Esq., who departed this life March 8th, 1807, aged 58 years. In memory of Mrs. Mary Walker, of Masbrough House, third daughter of the late Samuel Hallows Hamer, Esq., of Rotherham, and second wife and relict of the late Jonathan Walker, Esq., of Ferham, died September 15th, I819, aged 64 years. [Two brass plates]. I. William Harrison, late of Orgrave, Gent., died ye 30th May, 1760, in the 56 year of his age. & 2. Here lyes interred George Harrison, late of Orgreave, Gent, who died December the Ioth, Anno Doum. 1688, aetatis Suae 44° [Two brass plates]. I. Here was buried George Harrison, of Orgrave, on the 24th day of January, 1651. Here also lyeth interred William Harrison, late of Orgrave, Gent., who died September 29th, 1720, aetatis Suae 74; Also there was buried Ann, wife of the said William Harrison, the 18 day of October, Anno Dom. I72I ; Also Ruth Harrison, daughter of the said William and Ann, was buried July the 9th, 1761. 2. Here was laid the body of William Harrison, late of Orgrave, Gent, who died ye 30th of September, 1738, in the 62° year of his age; - And also the body of Elizabeth, his wife, who died the Ioth of December, 1756, in the 76 year of her age. Here was laid the bodies of Elizabeth Harrison, who died 5th of April, 1762, aged five years; - Of Thomas Harrison, who died 11th of May, 1764, aged two years; - Of Maria Harrison, who died 16th Feb., 1770, aged 4 years; children of Wm. Harrison, of Orgrave; Of Elizabeth, wife of the said William Harrison, who died xi" November, 1789, aged 54 years; Also of the said William Harrison, Esq., who died 17th Feb., 1791, aged 63 years; Lieutenant John Harrison, died at Berhampore, in the East Indies, in March, 1791, aged 32 years; Also the Revd. William Harrison, son of the above William Harrison, who died June 12th, 1794, aged 38 years. [Brass plate]. Here lies interred the body of Annie Harrison, who died the 8th day of August, 1761. - In memory of Emily Anne, the daughter of Thomas Badger, of Rotherham, Attorney, and Māry, his wife, who died October 15th, 1829, aged two years; 652 33 oth crijam. Also Walter Samuel Badger, youngest son of the above- named Thomas and Mary Badger, who died on the 30 day of June, I848, in the 23rd year of his age. North Aisle. Robert Cutforthay, died Feb. 28, 1737, aged 67; Sarah, his wife, died Sept. 21st, 1743, aged 68; with whom lie here interred Elizabeth and Sarah, Robert and William, their children; Likewise John, the third son of Robert Cutforthay, who departed this life the 15th day of Feb., 1780, aged 65; with nine children, the first died immediately, William, Ann, Elizabeth, another daughter born alive, John, Charles, Jane, and George; Also, Jane, the wife of John Cutforthay, who departed this life January 25th, 1792, aged 76. Also Robert Cutforthay, the son of the late John Cut- forthay, died March 31, 1799, aged 49 years. Here lyeth the body of Martha, ye wife of Thomas Cooper, of Barbot Hall, bury" February ye 12th, 1693. Margaret Cawthorne, of Brierley Mannor, dy'd at Barbot Hall, and bury'd ye 25th of February, 1699; Here lieth the body of Ann, the wife of Mr. Richard Wharan, and daughter of Mr. Thomas Cooper, by Elizabeth, his third wife, who died June the 14th, 1738, aged 36 years; Also Elizabeth, the daughter of the said Richard Wharan and Annie, who died Febry, the 23rd, 1738, aged 8 months; Likewise Richd. Wharan, who departed this life ye first of July, I750, aged 56. Also the body of John Collet, nephew of the said Richard Wharan, who died June the 19th, 1776, aged 67 years. Here are deposited the remains of Mr. Thomas Wild, of this town; he departed this life the 21st day of Feb., A.D. 1807, in the 59th year of his age; Also William Craven, who departed this life June 9th, 1834, aged 48 years; Also Catherine, wife of the above William Craven, who died April 24th, 1836, aged 83 years. In memory of Hannah, wife of Nathaniel Robinson, who died May 23rd, 1841, aged 73 years; Also the above-named Nathaniel Robinson, who departed this life May Ioth, 1847, aged 66 years. In memory of Mary, daughter of John and Susannah Bingley, died September IIth, 1795, aged 23 years. Mary, daughter of the Revd. William and Susannah Allard, died July 29th, I797, in the 4th year of her age; Also the above-named John Bingley, who departed this life August 9th, 1816, aged 75 years. Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Boomer, buried ye 17th day of June, 17II. - [The remainder undecipherable]. Benjamin, son of - - - - departed on - - - - Mary Smith, April, I763. Here lieth the body of Betty Charlton, the wife of William Charlton, who died March 2, 1780, aged 42 years; Also Jane, the daughter of William and Mary Haywood, who departed this life April 6, 1815, aged 5 years. Here liethe the body of Hannah, the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Radley, who departed this life the 2nd day of March, 1780, aged 8 years; Here also lieth the body of Elizabeth, daughter of the above Thomas and Elizabeth Radley, who departed this life the 21 day of August, I781, aged I2 years. Here lieth the body of Elizabeth Radley, mother of the above children, who departed this life the 29th day of March, I797, aged 58 years; Also the eighteenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and two, Thos., the son of the above-named Thos. and Eliz. Radley, who died at Heavetree, near the city of Exeter, where he lies interred, aged 28 years. Here lieth the body of Hannah, the wiſe of John Charles Staniland, who departed this life March 27th, 1788, aged - - - years. Thomas Radley, Gent., died April 3rd, 1808, aged 65 years. William Glossop, of High House, Rotherham, died March 4th, 1853, in the 77th year of his age. Here lieth the body of William Yeardley, of Parkgate, who departed this life December the 28th, 1793, aged 78 years. In memory of William, son of Joseph and Mary Yeardley, of Parkgate, who died June, 1810, aged 17 years; Joseph Yeardley, who died Nov. 27th, 1829, aged 74 years; Also Mary, wife of the above Joseph Yeardley, who died May 6th, 1840, aged 70 years. Rosamand Tompson, bur: ye 28 of Jan., - - 93. John Thompson, bury" ye 19th of May A9 D° 1723, aged 77 years. Abraham, 7th son of John Thompson, bury" ye 30th of May, A.D. I730. Cross Aisle. Stephen Roodhouse, surgeon; Also the two infant children of John Roodhouse, Esq., of Breck’s House, Mary Ann and Charles Tomlyn; Also Caroline Margaret, youngest daughter of the said John and Harriet Roodhouse, who departed this life June I4th, 1825, aged 25 years; Also Harriet Beatson, the beloved wife of the said John Roodhouse, who died October 14th, 1828; Also the above-named John Roodhouse, who died I6th June, 1830, aged 67 years; Also Harriet Elizabeth, the last surviving child of the above John and Harriet Roodhouse. Here lies interred the body of Catherine, the wife of Valentine Radley, who departed this life Sept. ye 23, 1772, in the 38 year of her age; Also the above-named Valentine Radley, who departed this life April 2° 1805, aged 82 years. Here lieth the body of Thomas Collett, who departed this life June 22nd, I783, aged 72 years; Also William Tyzack, son-in-law of the said Thomas Collett, departed this life August 29th, 1803, aged 51 years; Also Frances Bingley, widow of the above-named William Tyzack, who died Sep. 8th, 1829, aged 80 years; Also Mary Collett, who died June 5th, 1833, aged 77 years. John Low, died July the 3rd, 1775, aged 91 years. Here lyeth the body of James Fray, who departed this life January the 17th, 1738, in the 35 yeare of his age. Here lyeth the body of Mary, the wife of Benjamin Brownhill, who departed this life the I day of September, I765, aged 71 years. In memory of Charles, son of Joseph and Mary Needham, died August 12th, 1824, in the 21st year of his age; Also the above-named Joseph Needham, who died Nov. 18th, 1827, aged 59 years; Also Mary, wife of the above-named Joseph Needham, died November 7th, 1834, aged 67 years. In memory of Charles, the son of John and Sarah Hilton, of Rotherham, who departed this life Nov. the 4th, 1766, aged I year - - - - - months. Also Harriet, their daughter, she departed this life April the 29th, 1773, aged - - - - Here also lieth the body of Charles, their second son, departed this life May the I4th, 1773; Here also lieth the body of Sarah, the wife of John Hilton, who departed this life May 30th, I779, aged 43 years. In memory of Mary, the wife of James Wilkinson, who departed this life December 5th, 1787, in the 41st year of her age; Also the above-named James Wilkinson, who departed this life May 6th, 1801, aged 55 years; Also Mary Adams, daughter of the above-named James and Mary Wilkinson, and wife of John Adams, who died the eighth day of Aug., I836, aged 60 years ; @ppenbiy. 653 Also the above-named John Adams, who died the thirtieth day of Dec., 1836, aged 65 years; Also James Mountjoy Wilkinson, son of the above- named James and Mary Wilkinson, who died July 22nd, 1838, aged 59 years. Here lieth the body of William Mountjoy Wilkinson, son of James and Mary Wilkinson, who died of the confluent small-pox, the Igth Feb., 1773, aged 2 years II months; Also the body of Sarah, their daughter, who died likewise of the small-pox, the 23° Feb., I773, aged 7 months and 4 days; . Also John, son of the aforesaid James and Mary Wilkinson, who died March the 21st, 1774, aged I4 weeks; Also Hannah, their daughter, born Dec. 21, 1777, died February 24th, I779; Also Ann, their daughter, born May 5th, 1784, died August 22nd, I787. Thos. Gillot [The inscription in the middle of this stone is worn out.] Also of Robert, son of the above-named Robert and Elizabeth Jenkins, who died March 28th, 1812, aged 6o; Ann, his wife, died July 27, 1821, aged 72. Here lieth the remains of Ann Bentley, who died Jan. 6, 1808; Also of Robert Oswald, who died Aug. 29th, 1813, in the 60th year of his age. Here lyeth the body of Thomas Cooper, of Barbot Hall, bury'd ye 24th of January, Anno Dom. I719 ; Margaret, the daughter of Thomas Cooper, was bury’d ye I5th of May, Anº Dom. I697; Sarah, the daughter of Thomas Cooper, was bury'd ye 8th of June, Anno Domini I709; Also the body of Ann Hardy, who died March 24th, I788, aged 81 years. Here lyeth interr'd ye body of Elizabeth, third wife of Thomas Cooper, of Barbot Hall, who departed this life the 8th day of February, Anno Dom. I729, in the 29th year of her age. In memory of John Hohman, surgeon, who departed this life August Ist, 1808, aged 41 years; Also John George, son of the above John Hohman, died Jan. Ist, 1830, aged 28 years. Here lies the body of Thos. Smith, who died March, I747, aged 65 about; Also three of his children, who all died young; Also in memory of Thomas Smith, his son, who departed this life the 5th of July, I770, in the 58th year of his age. Here lies interred the body of Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas Smith, of Basingthorpe, who departed this life the 17th of September, 1756, aged 74 years; Also Elizabeth, their daughter, was buried the 25th of January, I75I, aged 31 years. In memory of Sarah, daughter of William and Sarah Jubb, who died April Io, 1786, aged 9 months. Mary, wife of John Jubb, died Aug. 20th, 1810, aged 85 earS ; - * y Also John Jubb, grandson of the above, and son of George Jubb, of London, who died April Ioth, 1817, aged 28 years; Also Sarah Jubb, wife of William Jubb, of Herringthorpe, eldest son of the above John Jubb, who died April 14th, I820, aged 69 years; Also Amelia, the daughter of William and Mary Jubb, and grand-daughter of the above Sarah Jubb, who died Oct. 16th, 1829, aged I2 weeks; Also William Jubb, husband of the above Sarah Jubb, who died January 4th, 1834, aged 81 years. Here lieth the body of George, the son of Jonathan and Sarah Lawson, who died March the 8th, I798, aged 3 years. Tantherlam Unlunteers. (See Page 532.) FEEL a satisfaction that can hardly be so fully shared in, by those of the later generations, as by myself, in giving the following lists of names, the major part of which are so familiar to me, and the mention of which seems to restore the days of my boyhood, when I had the supreme delight of seeing the Volunteers in their “martial glory which still lives in story,” on their field days, and of marching by the side of one of them. The following account is taken from the “Pay List and Return of the Field and Staff Officers of the Rotherham Corps of Volunteer Infantry, from 15th August to 17th, 1805, both days inclusive.” The Field and Staff Officers were: Lieutenant-Colonel JOSHUA WALKER 35 33 THOMAS WALKER Major SAMUEL OLIVER Paymaster PHILIP HUNT The total pay they received for the three days named was £12 Ios. Adjutant WILLIAM THATCHER Surgeon JO : TURNER Quarter-Master WILLIAM DYSON. The captains received 2s. 7d. a day as allowance in lieu of non-effectives, and for repairs of arms. The “Statement of the March'' declares that it was made “on 15th August, 1805, in consequence of alarm given from Beacons being lighted from Rotherham to Pontefract;” that 437° officers and men formed the party which was on the march two days; in the account for the “Carriage of Baggage on the march” for eight companies, it is stated that * In the Public Record Office, “War Office; Volunteer file of the Rotherham Infantry was 381 present and sixteen Pay Lists and Returns. Rotherham, Yorks. ISO5. absent. I then expressed my doubts as to the correctness * On page 532, it is stated that the number of rank and of that return, which is by the present return corrected. 654 330th crijam. the distance was forty-four miles, £8 16s. having been charged for this, going and returning. Forty-two waggons, each with a driver and four horses, were “present at muster on the I 5th, 16th, and 17th days of August, 1805, for the purpose of conveying the Rotherham Regiment of Infantry, at the time of the alarm of invasion, their route being to Pontefract;" and £1 per day for each waggon was adjudged, as “indemnification for the loss sustained by them in consequence of their waggons having been diverted from their ordinary uses in attending the muster.” The names of the persons who supplied the waggons are not given. A copy of a return for the Swinton or Second Company of Wath Wood Volunteers is appended, which is given in a different form, as in other returns the payment is apportioned on a graduated scale. - I trust the following documents may not only be found interesting, but may also be considered important, as showing what could be done by a small market town in a national emergency. The volunteer movement of the present day, has as yet been most insufficiently estimated either by the Parliament or people of this kingdom. It is morally, as a matter of discipline, and physically, as teaching habits of hardihood, endurance, and healthy bodily development and deportment, the finest school for adult training; and as such only, independently of forming a wall of fire round our sea-girt coast, in case of any menace like the one now a matter of glorious history, would be of inestimable advantage to hundreds and thousands more than at present form its rank and file throughout the length and breadth of the land. List of Names in the Companies of the Rotherham Volunteer Infantry, August 15, 1805. Captain. Joseph Birks Thomas Law John Roodhouse - . º *. § eutenant. eorge Clayton 1111am Morley Robert B ...tº William Carr .* John Martin Andrew Crawshaw Thomas Martin - Sergeants. Charles Crawshaw George Moore James Price Joseph Cavill Benjamin Moody Samuel Hattersley Thomas Cawthorne George Oxley Benjamin Flockton l Richard Cardwell Charles Price Corporals. Micah Cutt Joseph Ratcliffe John Smith John Daltry - Samuel Skelton Thomas Bradbury Thomas Fretwell Thomas Smith Francis Goodall Robert Gothard Thomas Stainrod Drummers or Fifers. Joseph Goldsbro' Matthew Scorah Thomas Dobb - John Holmes Thomas White Samuel Skelton James Herring George Wagstaff s John Hague Joseph Wakeman S 1 º 07. PWivates. John Holdsworth Samuel Whitaker i. s'Aukland John Handley William Walker OIſla. John Jackson John Moore Robert Bellamy William Burgan George Kent 57 officers and men in all. William Booth John Lambert - Captain Butler's Company. . Lieutenant. William Bagnall Lionel Keyworth George Halley #: Hºw #º#. e g OIſla.S E3 OWeT Onn M1Cigley sººn" 07. Ensign. Titus Burkhead Joseph Mirfin John Carnelley James Needham Sergeants. George Cawthorn Joseph Pashley Charles Parkin Matthew Cook David Pattrick William Hawley Thomas Cutt Jacob Robinson Richard Robinson Robert Dawson Thomas Thompson Corporals. - Robert Elliott Willoughby Utley Joseph Yelland George Grafton Thomas Wainwright William Webster William Grant George Ward Thomas Lister John Hague Robert Warris Drummer or Fifer. Benjamin Hattersley William Watson Fobert Elliott William Hickman Samuel Webster Gunners of Privates. George James Jonathan White John Andrew ~. George Jarvis Thomas Whiteley Thomas Arundell George Kemp William Wigfield Thomas Ashley John Kitchinman William Wood George Bagnall Thomas Grafton 53 officers and men. John Bagnall * Certificate of Lieutenant-Colonel Joshua Walker. b Certificate of Jonathan Walker and John Lowe, Magistrates or Deputy-Lieutenants. @pp ent it. Captain. Joseph Wheatley Lieutenant. Philip Hunt Sergeants. Thomas Downes William Ashley Thomas Dobb Corporals. Richard Goodier George Carmichael John Wortley Drummers or Fifers. William Layland Isaac Watson Gunſley's Oy Privates. Jonathan Badger Thomas Bagshaw John Butler John Cooper John Crowther John Clark Captain. John Oxley. Lieutenant. James Calton - Second Lieutenant 07: Ensign, Thomas Lee Sergeants. Charles Adams Edward Hawke Richard Woodhead Corporals. John Woofinden Thomas Revell John Buntin Drummers and Fifers. John Walker Richard Ingle Gunneys 07 Privates. George Abson Joseph Broadhead Edward Brailsford James Cundell Thomas Cundell John Coe Captain. Thomas Wright Lieutenant. George Harvey Second Lieutenant or Ensign. William Dyson Sergeants. Abraham Walton Edmund Beeley John Earnshaw Corporals. Abraham Scarlett Thomas Gillatt William Swan Drummers or Fifers. Thomas Revel.1 John Kirk Gunſley's or Privates. James Atkinson Joseph Cundell John Charlesworth Captain Wheatley's Company. William Earnshaw Thomas Earnshaw Thomas England Daniel Firth Thomas Fletcher William Grafton John Goodison James Heathcote Benjamin Harper John Holinshaw John Hobson John Hudson Thomas Hutchinson William Jenkinson William Jessop Thomas Ingle William Jenkinson Samuel Jenkinson John Jarvis James Johnson Joseph Jackson, jun. Joseph Jackson Robert Kent Captain Oxley's Company. John Copley John Clarke William Cooper John Cundell George Dalphin John Dobb John Dobson William Downes Thomas Earnshaw John Farr Martin Furniss Isaac Firth William Gray Hugh Gosling Josh. Hollingworth John Hewitt John Hicks John Haslehurst John Jessop Joseph Jephcock John Jackson John Jarvis Robert Kirby John Lee John Law Captain Wright's Company. William Cooke George Cox Joseph Cox Samuel Dixon William Deakin William Foers John Green William Goodison Joseph Gilbert Matthew Goodall Matthew Hinchliffe Joseph Hague Richard Heptinstall John Jarvis Samuel Johnson Thomas Jenkinson James Jackson William Law William Metham John Moore John Martin Joseph Lambert Thomas Lee Robert Needham \ Samuel Needham Matthew Nayler William Ostliffe William Parker John Rylands Thomas Robinson Samuel Robinson Thomas Shaw Martin Simonett Cornelius Stewart Benjamin Twiby James Taylor William Thornsby John Tye Joseph Watson George Watson Joseph Woodhead George Walker John Webster 61 officers and men. John Lillecar Joseph Langton John Matthewman Joseph Maleham Joshua Mills John Needham John Parkin John Revell William Reckless Thomas Rhodes William Shirtliffe Edward Swift George Silvester Thomas Stringer James Shepherd Thomas Sorsby John Staniforth William Thompson James Whitehead George Wilkinson William Whiteley John Woodyeare Jeremiah Woodcock 65 officers and men. John Mower John Nayler Joseph Nayler George Roddis Joseph Roebuck John Robinson John Reckless George Smith Francis Smith Thomas Scholes Joseph Staniforth Jonathan Strother Thomas Swallow Major Sellars William Smith George Satterfitt Jacob Thompson John Taylor John Tyas Samuel Hudson 55 officers and men. 656 330th crijam. Lieutenant. Robert Whitehead Second Lieutenant. John Wainwright Serjeants. James Shillito William Kesteven Joseph Needham Corporals. John Wragg John Mason John Leedham Drummers or Fifers. Valentine Earnshaw George Taylor Gunners 0%. Privates. Job Athey Luke Aldam William Ainley John Adams John Ashforth William Brammer William Broadbent Lieutenant Whitehead's Company. John Braithwaite Peter Booker Thomas Brammer Samuel Barlow James Coe James England Joseph Foster John Firth Thomas Gillatt Joseph Grayson William Goulding James Hirst John Harrison Thomas Harrison Joseph Hague Joseph Hobson John Heaton Thomas Jackson George Johnson John Jackson Thomas Jubb George Kent George Kirk William Makin Captain Tancred's Company. John Makin Thomas Middleton William Mortimer George Morley John Oxley Joshua Oxley Edward Pagden Robert Pashley Thomas Rodger Thomas Saxton Richard Sykes Benjamin Salmon Christopher Swetten William Taylor Joseph Thompson. Joseph Taylor John Thompson David Utley William Wright Samuel Woodhouse Edward Wilkinson George Read 63 officers and men. Captain. William Tancred Lieutenant. Joseph Johnson Second Lieutenant or Ensign. John Lambert Serjeants. Joseph Swann William Swann Thomas Wildsmith Corporals. Joseph Calway William Emerson Joshua Nicholson Drummers or Fifers. William Revell William White Gunneys 07 Privates. Thomas Bingley Henry Buxton Captain. Jonathan Walker, jun. Lieutenant. William Glossop Serjeants. John Batty Ewen Maclaurin William Woodyeare Corporals. John Butler Thomas Raby Joseph Wilkinson Drummers or Fifers. Robert Cundell John Sayles Gunneys or Privates. Ely Ainley Joseph Boaler William Barker William Coates William Cardwell James Cowcome Thomas Dawson George Earnshaw George Ellis John Fishburn George Goodall Mark Gregory William Greenwood Matthew Greaves William Hague Thomas Hinchliffe Jonathan Hirst William Hague, jun, Jarvis Harris James Higgins Mark Hattersley George Hill Joseph Harper Captain Walker's Company. William Barton Samuel Berwick Richard Booth George Brooke Henry Bennett Joseph Butterworth Joseph Burgin Isaac Cutt Richard Cutt Isaac Chadwick Joseph Cartledge William Cooper George Cooke John Darwin William Dobson Henry Dixon John Golding John Gledhill John Gregory George James Joseph Machin Charles Machin William Mellard Nathaniel Robinson William Revill William Swindall John Silvester Abraham Smith John Slack John Siddons Benjamin Shepherd William Simmonite John Thompson Charles Tissington John Utley Matthew Wright Isaac Whiteley Thomas Wood 52 officers and men. William Gee Thomas Globe Joseph Hattersley John Harrison George Hammond William Lawson Benjamin Marshall Edward Myers William Myers William Martin John Maleham Eben. Pattrick William Palfrey John Richardson William Robinson Joseph Ward Isaac Ward John Woodcock 50 officers and men. “Swinton or Second Company of Wath Wood Volunteer Infantry assembled on the signal of alarm from the firing of the neighbouring Beacons (and marched according to general orders towards the place of Rendezvous on the lighting of Beacons) as directed by the 36th Section of the late Act of Parliament. Narched the 15th and 16th August, 1805.” @ppºrtNix. 657 'n. No. 36 S. D. No. - A, S, D. *wiam Brš" # º º 17 William Speight . 2 2 O 44 John Newton 2 2 O * I8 Francis Barlow . 2 2 O 45 Wm. Oldfield 2 2 O Lieutenant. 19 Joseph Alsebrook . 2 2 o 46 Abm. Peaker .2 2 O 2 Thomas Brameld . 2 2 o 20 Charles Askin 2 2 O 47 Wm. Pearson 2 2 O Ensign. 2I Thomas Acaster 2 2 O 48 Wm. Rhodes 2 2 O 3 William Stenton . . 2 2 O 22 Thomas Barlow 2 2 O 49 George Roberts 2 2 O . Serjeants. 23 Wm. Barraclough. 2 2 O 50 Thomas Simpson 2 2 O 24 Thos. Barraclough 2 2 O 5I Robert Smith 2 2 O 4 Henry Bennet . . 2 2 o 4. g 8 * 5 Thomas Taylor . . 2 2 O 25 Wm. Cliffe 2 2 O 52 George Sailes 2 2 O Pay Clerk 26 Benj. Copley 2 2 O 53 Wm. Sheppard 2 2 O aſy Clé?'R. 27 John Chapple 2 2 O 54 Frans Shillito 2 2 O 6 Thomas Besb 2 2 O pp y . g 28 Wm. Earnshaw 2 2 O 55 Thomas Shaw 2 2 O Serjeants. 29 John Froggatt 2 2 O 56 Samuel Steel 2 2 O 3. Joseph Cox . tº . 2 2 O 3o Francis Garfitt . 2 2 O 57 Thomas Steel 2 2 O John Hargreave . 2 2 O 31 Samuel Harrison . 2 2 O 58 Abrm. Smith 2 2 O Corporals. 32 Wim. Harrison . 2 2 O 59 John Schroeder 2 2 O 9 Joshua Sykes, jun. . 2 2 o 33 Jas. Hutchinson 2 2 O 60 Joseph Shaw 2 2 O Io John Alsebrook. & 2 2 o 34 John Hill . 2 2 O 61 Joseph Smith 2 2 O II Thomas Dunhill . . 2 2 O 35 William Hawke 2 2 O 62 Richard Smith . 2 2 O D 36 John Hobson . 2 2 O 63 John Stanley. 2 2 O I2 Wm. Har tºur. 2 2 O 37 William Holden . 2 2 O 64 Joseph Taylor 2 2 o I3 Thomas Kºi. g 2 2 O 38 Wm. Lancashire 2 2 O 65 John Taylor . 2 2 O tº • 39 Luke Ledger. 2 2 O 66 George Taylor . 2 2 O P/ivates. 40 Wm. Morton 2 2 O 67 William Turner 2 2 O I4 Joseph Sheldon. e 2 2 O 4I Jas. Middleton 2 2 O 68 Joseph Turner . 2 2 O I5 David Button dº . 2 2 O 42 James Mann 2 2 O 69 David Whitehead . 2 2 O I6 William Shaw . . 2 2 o 43 Nichº Nott 2 2 o 70 John Wood 2 2 O “Received of Mess's Fields & Co., Dy Rects of Taxes, and paid to the Officers, non-com- missioned Officers and Privates of the Swinton or Second Company of this Corps, the Sum of one hundred and forty Guineas, being the marching allowance granted by Government on the signal of alarm being made.” “30ambot” 3Ilustratti. By Dr. HOL T VA TES. irºPIE appearance of Sir Walter Scott's carefully-finished, and except “Waverley,” ſº sº most highly-popular novel of “Ivanhoe,” naturally excited great interest in this district, in which are principally laid the scenes of the richly-creative events, and the Saxon home of its hero and heroine. * Amongst others, it seems to have attracted the especial attention of Dr. Holt Yates, of Wickersley, to the extent of inducing him to exercise his ingenuity and thorough knowledge of the district in endeavouring to fix the exact localities of the different places, and the routes of the personages; of course they are very indefinitely described in the novel. Dr. Holt Yates spent many years in foreign travel, and had especially manifested great, interest in the land of Egypt. His residence in after life at Wickersley, was marked by conduct honourable to him as a Christian gentleman and a scholar. He established an institute and museum, and other means promotive of the intellectual and moral elevation of the inhabitants of the place, such as very few such villages have enjoyed the advantage of, and which now remain a prizeable memorial of his generous good-will and sterling worth. The Map sketched by him, and the description therewith given, most likely as a literary relaxation, will be generally regarded as having been a pleasant exercise of his antiquarian and local knowledge, very shrewdly indicating the situations of the most prominent places, the names of which are mentioned, and are thenceforth so enshrined in the amber of the famous fiction, that Time hath over them no oblivious power. ** sº ºn tº a 83 658 38 otherham. “ſºft HERE is reason to believe, from present appearances and from history, that there was |Rigº once a strong tower at Kimberworth, even in the times of the Romans, who had an encampment between the river Don and the Rother. The high ground between Rotherham and Sheffield was a forest; a Roman road ran along the base of the hills, and where the hills divide, namely at Kimberworth, and opposite Tinsley and Attercliffe, there was a fort Commanding each of those passes, the sites of which may still be seen, and Roman pottery and other objects of that period have from time to time been picked up. Kimberworth was probably the head-quarters, and commanded by a superior officer, and Scott, I think, has evidently fixed on that place as the residence of “Sir Philip de Ma/voisin,” the head Ranger of the Royal Forest. There was formerly a ferry at Tinsley, where the Order of Knights Templars had a preceptory (see Vol. III., pp. 27, 75), and near the present village is a field, still called “Temple Field,” and there is a spring called “Temple Well.” - Cedric's house (Vol. I., p. 35) I believe to have stood where Whiston Church now is. Whiston has evidently been a fortified place; the moat may be clearly traced, making allowances for changes which cultivation has made, and many relics, as swords, pike-heads, and the like, have been found there. It answers Scott's description completely; and we must bear in mind that Canklow Wood, which was a part of Rotherwood, extended even in modern times to the brink of the flatts or marshes almost overhanging Whiston; so that formerly the chief resident of Whiston might reasonably have been styled Zaird of Rotherwood. It is worthy of remark that the father- in-law of Mrs. Turner, of Canklow, cleared away two fields of timber himself. Pinch Mill may have been described as the residence of the Miller. Torquiſstone I feel assured was close to Thorp-Salvin, and Scott probably gave the castle which formerly existed there on the border of Nottinghamshire, this name, from the tortuous or serpent-like form of the rocks and high ground in its neighbourhood. The keep of the castle, or its site, may still be seen ; it is now a large mound covered with trees, growing amidst heaps of large Stones and grass; the line of the outworks may also be still distinctly traced, and the river still surrounds it on three sides. It is a commanding situation, and whatever it was in feudal times it must have been a very strong place, and its possessor, no doubt, struck terror into the whole of the surrounding population. The situation is similar to that of Conisbrough. Moreover Thorp Salvin is about twelve miles from Sheffield and the same from Tinsley, which would be about “a day's journey” in those early times, through the woods (see Vol. II. p. 207). The Trysting Tree near the Hart-hill Walk, still remains (see Vol. II., p. 188), it is situated just where Scott describes the meeting of Robin Hood and his men to have been held, and may be seen in the stack-yard attached to Todwick Rectory. | The romantic glen, Anston Craggs, is close to North Anston and it requires very little stretch of the imagination to suppose that it was here amongst the woods and hollows, that Scott Supposes Friar Tuck to have entertained the Black Knight, and there to have placed St. Dunstan's Well, and the “Chapel of Copman/hurst.” - The “Four lane ends” at Morthen, and the spot now designated the “Moat Farm,” (in the possession of the Rev. John Foster of Wickersly) seem to have supplied Scott with the idea of the situation of a Druidical Cromlech, and of a Sunken Cross, where, in the opening chapter, Gurth and Wamba misdirected the Prior of Şorvaulx Abbey and the Templar, and where they afterwards met with ſwan/oe disguised as a pilgrim. Their situation as regards the Priory of Brünzworth and Cedric's House confirm this, and also that of St. John's Chapel, near Laughton- en-le-Morthen, to which Rozwena has been when she made Cedric angry by keeping him so long without his Supper. Cedric describes St. John's as a “ distant church,” which in those days it would be, and his ward would pass Sunken Cross, it being on the high road between Rotherwood or Whiston and St. John's, clearly a church of great antiquity, Perhaps the old church or chapel at Braithwell was St. Edmund's (see Vol. III., p. 306), where Athelstame was detained ; it has since been converted into a farm house, and now belongs to Mr. Toone, and the tenant still pays 26.s. per annum to the family of the Duke of Leeds (the proprietor of Conisbrough Castle, from which it is distant only two and a quarter miles), as “Horn money.” Formerly this chapel, or monastery, on payment of this sum, had the privilege of blowing a horn at the castle gates in time of war, and of claiming protection for their valuables. There is a mill, or rather the site of a mill, in a field adjoining, which probably belonged to the monks. The house is called “Moat Farm,” being surrounded by water. Braithwell has always been remarkable for its loyalty; the people are of Saxon origin from their appearance, and retain many of the old Saxon expressions; and in the Market Place is an Old cross, with an inscription in Anglo Saxon commemorating the fact that Richard Coeur de Lion was a prisoner in Germany, and that the people of Braithwell subscribed to procure his liberation. The Priory of Brinsworth, or Brina worth, Conisórough Castle, and St. John's Church, speak for themselves.” - I846 3|tauthur 3|llustratrú - ------------- B Y -— DR HOLT YATES * * * D E. R. B. Y S H i R. E. “/VA/VA/OA: ".3 /ø/ 75% as z/.e. Zºzzozzº reſºzzed. & zzz z/.23 &etc/, /a/2. Y O Fr K S H 1 R E. .5'uvazzºzzº Greasºoyozzy Cº *... Aſºzz/ez nozz/. . . oſ - Møn gº 1. V% 7 2 7. ///zzzzzz /ø/ezz. C’O////WGSAO/PO//G// , , ,e Za'Zzzzzzzzz/ /ºſézz/Zezz/ \O //zºº/ne/Z . -- //º (ross (Žazez./ºaz O.M/ZZZ 2. *22, ºzº. •sº exN* * * , Zºrzzzzzzey º/*. ~ Wºz-Z,..., & &Zey .// &r & ... • - - < Aºy 7 %.//gazá //zzzz) ;: wº º/ZZZZ SCO7 TS’ DHPO//DS Ø C/POM/.0CAC Jºe V6Z 7*zzze 7 ~/ / CED}/P/C/r3 AIOUSE V%Z z 3.5 X) & •xº~-º cº-ºr- SS3 § 6A/zyzozz/7. ń | .5272.27%/2/ § N ſº sº Q - ll- se Vºž272/3% o6% 2. º ==~s Zoº * * * * 2×2 e *//wazy. N OTT I N G H A M S H H R E. t" g Ayr HOLT YATES, DEL., 1846. AoAERT way ºre, º/º * º {e ** * ... tº * * * e s? 30ambut lami. BEING NoTES ON MEN AND Books con NECTED witH ROTHERHAM. By T. S. B. EA ST WOOD, Esq., M.A. 1865. 3 mtroduction. º VANHOE-LAND’’ is the title of a paper which was read before the Literary § º and Scientific Society, at Rotherham, on January 9th, 1865, by its first : ; president, T. S. B. Eastwood, Esq., M.A. “Ivanhoe-land” may be said to * have effectually broken the impervious darkness which had so long settled on the traditions and towns-people of Rotherham and their doings. Some years previously a paper was read on Archbishop Rotherham, by the Rev. Charles Collier," then officiating at Rotherham, which no doubt gave the first impulse to local investigations, and to its initial direction. Mr. Eastwood's paper especially abounds with matters of local interest, which could not be found elsewhere. These are communicated in the pleasantest style, and are too valuable, especially as having first opened up a rich vein of local ore, to be confined to their present limits. Such portions of them therefore as are of permanent interest, and have not already been embodied in the preceding pages, are here reprinted. In about one year and a half after Mr. Eastwood had delighted his friends and townsmen with his interesting paper, the present writer had to append the following “In Memoriam ” notes to “Relics and Records,” a paper read before the same society. Only about a year and a half ago, the then President of the Literary and Scientific Society, the late lamented T. S. B. EASTWOOD, Esq., read his elegant and highly interesting paper, “Ivanhoe-land, being Notes on Men and Books connected with Rotherham,” before a Society proud of its president, and an audience composed principally of friends, highly delighted with the many details of men and matters, who were or had been connected with the place, then SO pleasantly brought before them. .. - A warm and stedfast attachment to his native Town, which had “grown with his growth,” had suffered no diminution by many years severance from it as a resident. The loss of those whose love had been most precious to him here, and the high estimation in which he was held, and the honours he had won elsewhere, in a sphere where only distinguished merit can win estimation and honour, had not weakened, much less destroyed that genuine and genial interest with which anything connected with the past history or present welfare of Rotherham was regarded by him. His “ Notes on Men and Books” connected with this place, was emphatically a labour of love, and if those who question such a Paper being a labour at all, will only try to produce Such a one, they will find that only great love will be a sufficient incentive to encounter the labour required. Less than a year ago he was shewn a somewhat large collection of books connected with this locality; he said, with great emphasis, “It is the realization of the dream of my life. And now the life itself of one comparatively young in years, yet of note in his profession, and worthy of high esteem as a man, is ended, and the green Sod of Kensal Green Cemetery. covers the form of him, who some eighteen months ago stood before us, instinct with manly vigour and mental energy, which no one who then saw and heard him could anticipate would be so soon quenched in death. To the writer of this tributary notice his removal is an irreparable loss; many have been the conversations and considerable the correspondence had with him relating to things Connected with the improvement and welfare of the town. The practical character of his earnest solicitude will perhaps be best evidenced by an extract from a letter dated February 3rd, 1865, on the Hospital question; it may also do something towards removing the reproach of the prophet of old, applicable to this case, “The men of might have not yet found their hands.” - “NEw SQUARE, LINCOLN's INN, LONDON, - “ February 3rd, 1865. “Could you lay your hands on any account of the Meeting (at which Lord Fitzwilliam presided), and was called about establishing a Hospital at Rotherham. “The first thing to be done is to calculate the cost of the Building and Land; then the annual cost of keeping it up. “Then the best site. . “For some purposes a Hospital should be near the places in which accidents are likely to happen ; for others, a Hospital should be in an open healthy situation, and it is to be borne in mind that an Hospital is to be established not only for Accidents, but for nearly every kind of disease. A few of the best sites should be selected, and then average a Rev. C. Collier, M.A., F.S.A., late Principal of the Training College, Winchester, now Vicar of Andover, Hants. 662 - $otherham. measurements taken of the district likely to be principally benefited, and these average measurements should have some influence in the final selection, and that site which would be best approached by the largest number, and have also the advantages of a healthy, open position, should be selected. “I suppose one of the points for consideration would be whether or not it could be possible to have the Hospital and Dispensary under the same roof, and the same management. I shall be glad if I can help in any way towards the establishment of so necessary an Institution in Rotherham. “Believe me, yours very truly, “ T. S. B. EASTWOOD.” The following biographical sketch, kindly furnished by john Dixon, Esq., will it is believed be read with great interest by all who had the pleasure of Mr. Eastwood's acquaintance: “Thomas Smith Badger Eastwood was the elder son of our late townsman, Mr. Thomas Badger, Solicitor and Notary, and one of the Coroners of the West Riding. He was originally intended for his father's profession, but altering his views under the advice of friends, was entered at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He took his degree in 1846, and was called to the Bar in the following year. He soon acquired considerable practice as a conveyancer, principally in connection with Rotherham, Sheffield, and neighbouring places, and had a large number of pupils reading in his chambers, many of them from his native county. His reputation as a sound lawyer was attested by his appointment in 1856, when under thirty-five years of age, and of only nine years standing at the Bar, to the office of Reader on the Law of Real Property to the Four Inns of Court, an appointment which he retained until his death. Having materially assisted Messrs. Hayes and Jarman in the preparation of the fourth edition (1849) of their well-known law-book, ‘The Concise Forms of Wills,” Mr. Eastwood was the natural successor of the learned authors; the fifth and sixth editions (1860 and 1863) were produced under his auspices, and well maintained the character of the work. In 1863 he assumed the surname of Eastwood, from the estate of that name which he had purchased in the parish of Rotherham. Though resident in London, he maintained his intimate connection with our neighbourhood, and on the institution of the Rotherham Literary and Scientific Society he was chosen as the first president, in which character he read before the society, in 1865, a paper, entitled, ‘Ivanhoe-land; being notes on Men and Books connected with the town and neighbourhood of Rotherham.” He died on the 30th May, 1866, a victim to his conscientious and unremitting attention to his professional duties; but though prematurely removed at the early age of forty-four, he had firmly established his position as a trustworthy consulting counsel and sound real property lawyer, and was becoming known and recognised as one of the leading conveyancers of the day. Mr. Eastwood married Miss Rosalie de Crespigny, a sister of Sir Claude Champion de Crespigny, Bart., and left two sons and two daughters, but the elder of the sons died in 1877 in the nineteenth year of his age.” - 30amijneelamb. 㺠WRITER, well known to you as “Tom Brown,” says in his “School Days” that he only Aºi knew two English neighbourhoods thoroughly, and that in each, within a circle of five miles, there was enough of interest and beauty to last a reasonable man his life. That . favourite author would probably be found to have a strong belief that the finest and best part of England is somewhere in the kingdom of Wessex, and perhaps in the celebrated Berkshire Vale in which he was born. On a point of this kind, there will, fortunately, be as many different opinions, not only as there are counties, but probably as there are fertile valleys and green hill sides. But believing that the author of “Tom Brown" is, in the cited passage, substantially correct, it is my wish to suggest some of the reasons why that small portion of this noble County of Ours, comprised within a circle having a radius of five or six miles, and the centre in the spot where we stand, should have a perpetual charm, a never-ceasing interest, for those who dwell within the limit just indicated. I say that I can suggest only subjects for your more careful investigation; because, since my promise to stand here to-night was made, I have suffered, not from the labour of expanding, and giving importance to petty materials, but from an embarrassment of riches which has rendered it impossible to treat any one branch of my subject in detail; and has brought with it the responsibility of selecting, and the correlative necessity of rejecting many things in my opinion of great interest. - - I must assume that we all agree with Dean Stanley in his opinion on analogous subjects, namely, that to have seen the place where a great event happened, to have seen the picture, the statue, the birth-place, or the tomb of an illustrious man, is the next thing to being present at the event in person, to seeing the scene with your own eyes; and that whilst admitting the existence of spots as interesting to others, we still keep the first place in our affections for the home where we were nurtured, and the woods, streams, hills, and valleys, which we first with boyish wonder explored. Speaking for myself, I can say that ever since I left my home in this grey old town, now more than twenty-two years ago, nothing connected with it or its people, has been without its lively interest for me. Often, in the course of my professional labours have I found, in the old family histories appearing upon law papers, the absorbing interest of a romance. Often in my reading, I have been amused by some reference to our people and neighbourhood. For example, I came lately upon a stray paragraph in “Notes and Queries,” to the effect that one Roger de Ithon entered into an agreement with one Geoffery de Rotherham to bring him the devil in a string within three days of the convention. And again, I am not quite sure that I felt due and proper shame when in a recent play, by Tom Taylor (a Yorkshireman), “The Ticket of Leave Man,” which has “run” about two hundred nights in succession, I discovered that the rascal and villain of the piece, Dalton (alias John Downy), was, as he described himself, “a jobber and general dealer from Rotherham.” Bearing in mind the late Mr. Justice Maule's advice to a young counsel, viz.: that some Order was desirable—alphabetical, numerical, or chronological, but that the last was usually the best, I have been somewhat at a loss how to proceed. The local order in some cases is to be preferred, in others the chronological, and with respect to books a different division will again be necessary. I cannot, therefore, promise any very symmetrical arrangement; but it will be my endeavour to mix them up as little as possible. Let us begin with our English ballads, designated by Longfellow, those “gypsy children of song, born under the green hedge-rows, in the leafy lanes and by-paths of literature in the genial summer time.” The position of Rotherham, lying as it does between the Sherwood Forest on the south and Barnsdale on the north, both of those forests stated traditionally to be the common resort of Robin Hood, leads to the expectation that in some of the many ballads in honour of the popular outlaw, reference would have been made to Rotherham, or some dweller in its neighbourhood; but, although Sherwood Forest and Barnsdale are named and the Pinder of Wakefield has been immortalised, together with Maid Marian, Little John, Scarlett, and Friar Tuck, we of Rotherham, notwithstanding our advantages of locality, find no place in this series of favourite ballads. Those who wish to see details of the recent collections of ballad poetry, will find much information on this head in the “Ballad Book,” by Allingham, recently published by Macmillan and Co., of Cambridge. One collection of ballads not named in Mr. Allingham's preface was edited by Mr. J. S. Moore, a brother of Mr. Moore, who some years ago practised as a Surgeon in Rotherham. 664 $Utiſtrijam. Though it is clear from many details in Ivanhoe, especially from the opening sentence, and from the siege of Front de Boeuf's castle of Torquilstone, near the Harthill Walk, in which Locksley and his merry men took a prominent part, that Sir W. Scott placed Rotherham in the midst of the charmed district, we must forget that we find no place in the Robin Hood Minstrelsy, and be satisfied with the ballads to which I shall shortly refer. INearly every one in this room will have had the good fortune in his boyish days, to possess one of the many books of ballads. They have been published in every shape and at every price from the luxurious quarto of the “Yorkshire Anthology” of Halliwell, down to the paper- backed book at a shilling. Happy the boy who obtained a copy of Ritson, or of Bishop Percy's Reliques. Such a reader cares nothing about the question of genuineness; he enjoys the fabricated ballads of yesterday, which deceived Sir Walter Scott, if they have something like the true ring of the genuine minstrelsy, quite as much as those which came into existence five hundred years before. This faith gets rudely assailed in later days, when he discovers that he must believe nothing. When he learns that all Livy's pretty tales of Roman history are myths; that Richard the Third was not humpbacked; that Mary, Queen of Scots, led a pure life; that Queen Elizabeth was no better than she should have been ; that Henry the Eighth was an angel, and that Robin Hood never existed. But though under certain circumstances we are bound to disbelieve in such company as Niebuhr, Arnold, Sir G. C. Lewis, Mr. Motley, Mr. Froude, and others, who have destroyed the dearest of our youthful dreams, I hope we shall never allow that Robin Hood was a myth, or that there was never any such monster as the Dragon of Wantley. In the ballad with that title, we appear by name, in the fifth verse: “In Yorkshire, near fair Rotherham, ! The place I know it well; Some two or three miles or thereabouts, I vow I cannot tell ;- But there is a hedge, just on the hill-edge And Matthew's house hard by it; O there and then was this Dragon's den, You could not choose but spy it.” The ballad compares More, of More Hall, with Hercules, to the depreciation of the latter: “Old stories tell how Hercules, A Dragon slew at Lerna; But he had a club, this Dragon to drub, Or he had ne'er done it I warrant ye; But More, of More Hall, with nothing at all, He slew the Dragon of Wantley.” - More, of More Hall, having undertaken to slay the Dragon, the ballad proceeds: “This being done, he did engage To hew the Dragon down; But first he went, new armour to Bespeak at Sheffield town; With spikes all about, not within but without, Of steel so sharp and strong : Both behind and before, arms, legs, and all o'er, Some five or six inches long.” - I need not quote further from the ballad, which contains no other local references; and, indeed, many of its verses are too coarse to be recited here. I may remark that it is pleasant to find we at one time deserved the epithet “fair;” but this was before the erection of the tall chimney-stacks which now bring us some return for the loss of the flattering adjective. It seems to be settled by good authority that the “Dragon of Wantley” (which is a travestie of many of the older ballads, and bears to them the relation which Don Quixote does to novels) is a covert satire upon a great tithe-case in which Sir Francis Wortley, of Wharncliffe, was engaged with his neighbours, and that More, of More Hall (who, with nothing at all, slew the Dragon of Wantley), was either the counsel or solicitor who conducted and won the tithe-case. More Hall, in the valley below the Wharncliffe Crags, the den amongst the crags themselves, as described by Taylor, the water-poet (who visited Wortley in the year 1639) may still be seen:- in fact, all the local colouring of the ballad still remains. Details of the different opinions, as to the origin and meaning of the ballad will be found in Percy’s “Reliques,” and in Hunter's “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. 332.a ...' The Dragon of Wantley has been made the subject of a burlesque opera,b the characters of which, as performed in Edinburgh in 1776, comprise, The Dragon; More, of More Hall, in love * A beautifully illustrated volume has been recently * “The Dragon of Wantley, a Burlesque Opera, by H. issued, viz., “Wharncliffe, Wortley, and the Valley of Carey, Esq. Set to Music by Mr. John Frederick Lampe.” the Don,” photographically illustrated by Theophilus This Burlesque will be found in the 5th Vol. of “Collection Smith. London: A. W. Bennett, 5, Bishopgate Street of Farces.” Edinburgh: C. Elliott, 1788. Without. Worksop : Robert White, 1864. ğpp ent it. 665 with Margery; Margery, in love with More; Mauxalinda, More's cast-off mistress. The scene is laid in “that part of Yorkshire, near Rotherham.” The following extracts contain the only local references:– More. Upon my soul, I don’t know what you mean. Mauzalinda. Don't you know Margery of Rotherham Green 2 More. Not I, upon my honour. Mauzalinda. That’s a lie. What, do you think I’ve neither ear nor eye 2 Villain I will believe my eyes and ears, She whom you kissed and called ten thousand dears. The final chorus is so precious a bit, that I reproduce it, Chorus. Sing, sing, and rorio, An Oratorio, To gallant Morio, Of More Hall : To Margareenia, Of Roth’ram Greenia, Beauty’s bright queenia, Bellow and bawl. One of the most beautiful ballads in Bishop Percy's Collection, “The Spanish Ladye's Love,” has reference to a very old family of this district. The story of the ballad, told in the gentlest language, is the love of a Spanish lady for an English gentleman who held her a prisoner in Spain. - She is described to be rich, beautiful, and of high birth: “Of a comely countenance and grace was she, And by birth and parentage of high degree.” All the little devices by which the Englishman tries in vain to convince her that she cannot be his wife are told most simply and tenderly. At last he is obliged to say outright that already he has a wife in England : “Courteous lady, leave this fancy, Here comes all that breeds the strife :— I in England have already A sweet woman to my wife. I will not falsify my vow for gold nor gain, Nor yet for all the fairest dames that live in Spain.” The Spanish ladye asks pardon for her fault, and the ballad proceeds: “Commend me to thy lovely Ladye, Bear to her this chain of gold ; And these bracelets for a token Grieving that I was so bold, All my jewels, in like sort, take thou with thee, For they are fitting for thy wife, but not for me.” The final stanza is : “Thus farewell, most gallant Captain, Farewell, too, my heart’s content, Count not Spanish ladies wanton Though to thee my love was bent, Joy and true prosperity goe still with thee, ‘The like fall ever to thy share, most faire ladie.’” This beautiful ballad I connect with our neighbourhood, through Mr. Bosvile, of Ravenfield Park, the representative of Sir John Bolle, of Thorpe Hall, in Lincolnshire, who was the Englishman of the ballad. Mr. Bosvile has, I believe, now at Ravenfield, the portrait of Sir John Bolle, painted in 1596, showing round his neck the chain referred to in the ballad. Through the Earl of Effingham, Lord of the Manor of Rotherham, we claim a local interest in another ballad, Macaulay's famous fragment, “The Armada.” The four opening lines show the Scheme of the ballad, which unhappily was never completed : “Attend, all ye who list to hear our England's noble praise; I tell of the thrice famous deeds she wrought in ancient days, When that great fleet invincible against her bore in vain The richest spoils of Mexico, the stoutest hearts of Spain.” This noble fragment is confined to a grand description of the firing of the beacons and the flashing of the “ghastly war-flame” from Plymouth northward through the island, “Till Skiddaw saw the fire that burned on Gaunt's embattled pile, And the red glare on Skiddaw roused the burghers of Carlisle.” There is not in the few lines left to us any personal reference to the ancestor of our Earl of Effingham, the Lord Howard of Effingham, Lord High Admiral, who, with Drake, Hawkins, and Frobisher (a Yorkshireman) under him, commanded the English ships which destroyed “Castile's black fleet,” and saved England in one of her direst troubles. But Kingsley, in the 84 666 - $otherham. last four or five chapters of his stirring novel, “Westward Ho!” makes frequent reference to Lord Howard of Effingham. Kingsley calls the fight “‘Britain's Salamis, and a twelve days' epic, worthy, not of dull prose, but of the thunder-roll of Homer's verse.” The same Lord Howard of Effingham, whilst Lord High Admiral, is named in another ballad in Percy's Collection, “The Winning of Cales,” a in June, 1596: “To the seas presentlye went our Lord Admiral With knights couragious and captains full good ; The brave Earl of Essex, a prosperous general, With him prepared to pass the salt flood.” The success of the expedition against Cadiz (called in the ballad Cales) is told in the rest of the verses, which appearb to adhere pretty closely to the facts given by more stately chroniclers. An ancestor of Lord Howard, of Effingham, Sir Edward Howard, became, in 15 II, the hero of another ballad, “Sir Andrew Barton,” also one of Percy's Collection. This ballad has an interest for all Yorkshiremen, since one of the two subordinate characters is a countryman of ours, who was chosen by Sir Edward Howard as his principal bowman, - “My lord then chose a bowman rare, Whose active hands had gained fame, In Yorkshire was this gentleman borne, - And William Horseley was his name.” In the fight with Sir Andrew Barton, who was a Scotch pirate, the cloth-yard shafts of Horsley commit great havoc, killing Barton and his best men, and the result is that Howard captures and brings the piratical ships into the Thames." The ballad has many good points, and is worth perusal. - - In Mr. Ingledew's volume of “Yorkshire Ballads,” d are many most interesting to Yorkshire- men generally. Those referring to this immediate neighbourhood are: “Bold Nevison, the Highwayman;” the “Doncaster Volunteers;” “Bill Brown, the poacher,” called “Bill Brown of Brightside Town,” who appears to have been killed near Dalton Brook, when on a poaching expedition over the Thrybergh estate; “Spence Broughton,” who was hanged in 1792 for robbing the Mail between Rotherham and Sheffield, and gibbetted in chains on Attercliffe Common; “The Sheffield 'Prentice;” “Howell Wood, or the Raby Hunt;” and a “Bretton Hall” ballad. Of the above, Nevison, whose professional name was “Nicks,” and who was, I believe, born either at Thorpe or Wortley, performed a great riding feat, of the same kind as Turpin's ride to York. Nevison rode from Gad's Hill, near Rochester, to York, between four a.m. and eight p.m. of the same day: he has been honoured by the special notice of Lord Macaulay, in his History of England,” and by Sir Bernard Burke, in his “Romance of the Forum.”f Every verse of the quite modern ballad of the “Raby Hunt,” contains the name of some gentleman well known in this district; and the “Bretton Hall” ballad refers to a curious circumstance in the life of Sir William Wentworth Blackett, who appears to have wandered abroad for so long a time that when he returned he was only just in time to prevent his wife going through another marriage ceremony. In the Cornhill Magazine for January, 1864, you will find a pleasantly-written article on Yorkshire, containing also a ballad, scraps of which I have often heard, but I never before saw the whole of it in print. That ballad is “The Wensley-dale Lad's first visit to Leeds,” the first line of which is— º “When I were at home with my fayther and mother, I never had no fun.” - horse, took some refreshment, and slept about half an hour. *See Hume’s “History of England, Vol. IV., p. 96. Once more started, he proceeded on the north road, and * Ibid., Vol. IV. pp. 128, 129. “Ibid., Vol. II., p. 600. * Bell and Daldy, 1860. * Vol. I., p. 383. f Gad's Hill, between Rochester and Gravesend, immortal- ized by Shakespeare as the scene of the exploits of Sir John Falstaff, was formerly a noted place for the plunder by violence of seamen after they had received their pay at Chatham. Here a famous robbery was committed about the year 1676, by one Nicks. This Nicks, mounted on a splendid bay mare, stopped and pilfered a traveller at four o'clock in the morning, just at the declivity of Gad's Hill, and then rode off to Gravesend, as he afterwards confessed. From the difficulty of procuring a boat so early, he was detained at Gravesend nearly an hour. Though chagrined at this, he availed himself of the time to bait his horse. Having at last been conveyed over the river, he rode across the county of Essex to Chelmsford; here he stopped about half an hour to again refresh his steed, and give it some balls; then on he went to Brambro’, Bocking, and Wetherfield; then over the downs to Cambridge; thence, keeping always the cross roads, he passed Godmanchester and Huntingdon by Fenny Stratford, where he baited his riding at full speed arrived at York the same afternoon. Here Nicks changed his clothes, and walking out went to a bowling-green, where he mixed with the company as an inhabitant of the place. Among the other gentlemen present at the amusement, there happened to be the Lord Mayor himself of the city of York. Nicks immediately singled out this dignitary, and contrived to do something particular in order that he might remember him. He then seized an opportunity of inquiring of his lordship the hour it was. The latter, pulling out his watch, told him it was a quarter before eight. Some time after, Nicks was apprehended and prosecuted for the robbery. At the trial, the whole merit of the case turned upon the alibi set up. The person who had been robbed, in detailing the offence, swore to the man, the place, and the time. But Nicks had the Lord Mayor of York to prove that he was in his city at a certain time, and the jury acquitted him on the supposition that it was impossible a person could be in two places so remote from each other on the same day.— Burke's “Romance of the Forum.” @pp ent ty. 667 I do not know of any local song-books, except those of Mather (1737–1804) and John Smith, both of Sheffield. Of Mather's songs, an edition by John Wilson, has been lately (1862) published by Pawson and Brailsford, of Sheffield. Many of these songs have a rough vigour, and refer in a pointed manner to persons who were living at the time they were written. Of John Smith's songs one, called “Rotherham Statutes,” written in 1804, has (and I think deservedly) been for sixty years a great favourite with the people of this district. Turning from these old works to novels, we have the good fortune to be placed in the midst of a district over which the Great Wizard of the North has cast his spell. We are near the centre, if not the actual centre, of Ivanhoe-land; the pivot upon which the whole of the action of that celebrated novel turns, and that being so, we have in Sir Walter's creation, been constituted the townsmen of Cedric, of his son Ivanhoe, and his ward of the royal blood, Rowena. Mr. Hunter, in his “South Yorkshire,” says that Sir Walter has not individualized the locality of Ivanhoe so fully as might have been expected from one usually so clear in his topography; and Mr. Hunter's opinion is, that the Castle of Cedric of Rotherwood was, in Sir Walter's mind, placed a mile or so to the west of the town, and between Tinsley and Brinsworth. I remember, when a boy, reading Ivanhoe two or three times over during the time which ought properly to have been given to learning my French lessons, and that during holidays I scoured the country on pony-back, visiting all the places within my reach named in the novel, especially those to the south of the town, and sometimes venturing so far as into “the Dukeries.” - My object was to fix the spots where (in Sir Walter's mind) were, amongst other places, the Castle of Torquilstone, the trysting tree in Harthill Walk, and the cell of the Friar of Copmanhurst, for I could not quite get rid of the notion that they had all at one time existed. A well-known French writer, M. Nisard, in an article in the “Revue des deux Mondes” of I85O (an article worth reading, and showing strong French characteristics,) says that none of these things ever existed in any shape or way, and that they were all the creations of Sir Walter's brain. Be that as it may, the boyish faith is the more pleasant, and I could easily cheat myself into the belief that like Rotherham, Templebrough, Conisbrough, Brinsworth, Harthill, Sherwood, and other places named in the novel, which really exist, there were such people as Cedric, Ivanhoe, Rebecca, Rowena, and Bois Guilbert; and that Scott saw all the places named by him, in some visit to this district, and coloured and idealized them for the world's pleasure. It would be wearisome to you to say all that I could wish about this novel, which has had a greater charm for me than any book I ever read ; but coming down to sober realities, it may perhaps interest you to know that I can discover no trace whatever of Sir Walter's ever having visited Rotherham, or of his having been nearer than Mr. Morritt's, of Rokeby, in the North Riding a - Those who have read the life of Sir Walter will readily believe any statement as to his mental courage and his powers of self-command; these were shown in the production of “Ivanhoe,” which was written from his dictation when he was dangerously ill from spasms of the stomach. Afterwards, he playfully said that some of the scenes of “Ivanhoe” reminded him of his spasms. - Messrs. Black, of Edinburgh, tell me that of all Sir Walter's novels, “Ivanhoe” has the widest circulation except “Waverley,” but this is attributed by them to the fact that “Waverley” is the first of the series, a position which always tells in the numbers sold. They also say, that about half a million copies of “Ivanhoe” have been sold by the publishers, in addition to the pirated copies sold on the Continent and in America. These would probably be more than the half million sold by the publishers. “Ivanhoe” has been translated into all the main European languages, and dramatized both in England and France.b The reference just made to Athelstan's Castle of Conisbroughe affords the opportunity of noticing a recent work of local interest by Mr. Surtees, the present rector of Sprotbrough.d I * When this paper was read, it was stated in the room visited Sprotbrough before he wrote “Ivanhoe,' and the by Dr. Shearman, that Sir Walter had been seen at Conisbrough a short time prior to the publication of “Ivanhoe.” A tradition I am told lingers about Sprotbrough that Sir Walter and a friend spent two nights at a little Inn there. On this point, the Rev. Scott F. Surtees, rector of Sprotbrough, on the 7th Feb., 1865, writes to me as follows: “Mr. Wood, who is now about sixty years old, and is Sir Joseph Copley’s steward, married the daughter of Mr. Neville, who kept the public-house called ‘Sprot- brough Boathouse.’ Mr. Wood has heard often that Sir Walter had been at the ‘Boat-house.” There was an arm chair, called ‘Sir Walter’s chair,” which Mr. Wood brought away with him when his father-in-law's family left the house, and still keeps in his possession on account of its being always said that Sir Walter sat in it when at Sprotbrough. Sir Joseph Copley, the present baronet, remembers hearing his father say that Sir Walter had present Sir Joseph thinks it was during the time he was at Harrow.” - Lockhart relates in his “Life of Sir Walter Scott,” his spending a night at Sheffield on his return from visiting the field of Waterloo. b “Ivanhoe,” an opera in three acts. Music by Rossini. Played for the first time at the Theatre Royal de l'Odeon, Paris, 15th September, 1826; Paris, Chez Vente, Boulevart des Italiens, No. 7, Presla rue Favart. ° The Lords of Conisbrough became Kings of England by the accession to the throne of Edward IV., and the place became once more, in fact, as in name, the King’s borough.-Hunter, Vol. I., p. II.3. * “Waifs and Strays of North Humber History,” by the Rev. Scott F. Surtees, Rector of Sprotbrough, York- shire. London: John Russell Smith, Soho Square. I864. 668 33 oth crijam. had frequently heard the tradition that Hengist, the Saxon, was killed at or near Conisbrough,” and that a mound not far from the castle was the place of his burial. Mr. Surtees adduces arguments to prove that Conisbrough was a Royal Burgh or Castle (Konigs-burgh), and gives many reasons gathered from old chroniclers, and from the Saxon origin of the names of the adjacent villages, roads, fords, &c., for his opinion that the district of and about Conisbrough was held by Hengist and his followers. Mr. Surtees also thinks that Doncaster is the Thong Castle which, previously, had been Considered to be in the Isle of Thanet. - The name, “Thong Castle,” is said to have been derived from the demand made of Vortigern by Hengist, for so much land as he could compass by an ox-hide. Hengist cut the hide into small thongs, and enclosed a “right strong plot of ground with those thongs linewise,” and began the foundation of a castle which was called “Thong Castle.” b The author thinks that the Battle of Bath (Badonici montis) was fought, not in the west country, but in the valley of the Don, and also upholds the tradition that Mexbrough Ings was the site of this battle (also known, I believe, as the battle of Maisbell)" fought between the Britons, under Aurelius Ambrosius, and the Saxons, A.D. 487 or 489, in which Hengist was defeated by the Britons, taken prisoner, and afterwards slain.d The ford in the river Don, close to Conisbrough and to Mexbrough Ings, still called “Stratford,” or “Strafford Sands,” is the place from which the celebrated Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, took his title, and from which our division of the West Riding, the “Wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill,” also derives its name.e In other topographical works (apart from county histories) we appear in Dodsworth's “Yorkshire Collections,” and in two of the most celebrated of English topographical works, viz., in Drayton's “Polyolbion,” which is a quaint description of England in rhyme, and in Arthur Young’s “Tour in the North of England.” “The River Don or Dun,” says Dodsworth, “riseth in the upper part of Pennystone parish, near Lady's Cross (which may be called our Apennines, because the rain-water that falleth sheddeth from sea to sea,) cometh to Birchworth, SO to Pennystone, thence to Bolsterstone by Medop, leaveth Wharncliffe Chase (stored with roebucks, which are decayed since the great frost,) on the north belonging to Sir Francis Wortley, where he hath great ironworks. The said Wharncliffe affordeth two hundred dozen of coal for ever to his said works. In this chase he had red and fallow deer and roes; and leaveth Bethuns, a chase and tower of the Earl of Salop, on the south side by Wortley to Waddsley, where, in times past, Everingham, of Stainber, had a park, now disparked; thence to Sheffield, and washeth the castle wall; keepeth its course to Attercliffe, where is an iron forge of the Earl of Salop, and from thence to Winkebank, Kymberworth, and Eccles, where it entertaineth the Rother; conneth presently to Rotherham, thence to Aldwark Hall, the Fitzwilliams' ancient possession ; then to Thriberg park, the Seat of Reresbye Knights; then to Mexborough, where hath been a castle; then to Conisborough park and castle of the Earls of Warrens, where there is a place called Horsa's Tomb; from thence to Sprotebrough, the ancient seat of the famous family of Fitz- william, who have flourished since the conquest; thence by Newton to Donecastre, Wheatley, and Kirk Sandal to Barnby Dunn, by Bramwith and Stainforth to Fishlake; thence to Turnbrigg, a Port Town serving indifferently for all the west parts, where he pays his tribute to the Ayre.” Michael Drayton next, in his “Polyolbion,” makes “the wide West Riding” thus address her favourite River Don : “Thou first of all my floods, whose banks do bound my south, And offerest up thy stream to mighty Humber's mouth ; Of yew and climbing elm that crown'd with many a spray, From thy clear fountain first thro’ many a mead dost play, 'Till Rother, whence the name of Rotherham first begun, At that, her christened town, doth lose her in my Don ; Which proud of her recourse, towards Doncaster doth drive, Her great and chiefest town, the name that doth derive From Don's near bordering banks, when holding on her race, * Many details respecting Conisbrough and its castle will be found in Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” and in the notes to Ivanhoe. It may be interesting also to add that Lady Francis, the widow of Sir Philip Francis, the sup- posed author of the “Letters of Junius,” lived for many years at Conisbrough. Lady Francis came to reside at Conisbrough in the year 1827 or 1828, Sir Philip having died in 1818. She died there on the 1st June, 1852, and her sister, Miss Watkins, who has reached the advanced age of go, still lives at Conisbrough. The latest reference to the inexhaustible subject of Junius will be found in some remarks upon Lady Francis's Biography of Sir Philip published by Lord Campbell), contained in Herman Meri- vale’s “Historical Studies,” pp. 186—2O3.−Longman & Co. I865. b Was this or a similar tradition the origin of the law term, “Hide of Land; ” or does the existence of such a measure of quantity account for the tradition ? A Hide of Land varies in different localities from sixty to one hundred 2C1'éS. * Also called Maisbely and Maisbaelly. * An article dissenting from Mr. Surtees's views will be found in the Saturday Review, for September 17th, 1864. * See Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” Vol. I., p. 390. * See above, as to Hengist’s Tomb. %lp pent ty. 669 She, dancing in and out, indenteth Hatfield Chase, Whose bravery hourly adds new honours to her bank: When Sherwood sends her in slow Iddle that, made rank With her profuse excess, she largely it bestows On Marshland, whose swoll’n womb with such abundance flows, As that her battening breast her fatlings sooner feeds, And with more lavish waste, than oft the grazier needs; Whose soil, as some reports, that be her borderers, note With water under earth undoubtedly doth float, For when the waters rise, it risen doth remain High, while the floods are high, and when they fall again, It falleth : but at last when as my lively Don Along by Marshland side her lusty course hath run, The little wandering Trent, won by the loud report Of the magnific state and height of Humber's court, Draws on to meet with Don, at her approach to Aire.” To these topographical references, I may add the well illustrated work of our townsman, Mr. Ebenezer Rhodes (Rhodes's “Yorkshire Scenery”), and two agreeable little volumes published in 1837, by Mr. John Holland, called “The Tour of the Don,” in which many notes both of men and books are pleasantly recorded. . I come now to one of the most celebrated of the English County histories, Hunter's “South Yorkshire,” and I approach it with the awe necessarily inspired by two large folio volumes. I cannot do more with these two huge folios, than say that among many other interesting facts there recorded relating to this district you will see how the manor of Rotherham passed through the hands of several Lords of the fee, viz., the De Vescis (one of whom was called “John with the one eye”), the Tillis, and the Monks of Rufford, down to the present family of the Howards of Effingham. Also that Rotherham had most unquestionably a market and a fair long before our big neighbour Sheffield had either. It seems, too, that the feudal lords had the power of life and death, for we had the privilege of a gibbet, the memory of which is kept alive by the tract of land still known as “Gallow Tree Hill,” near Clifton. - Hunter also discovered that we had another cheerful privilege, that of beheading felons or other troublesome people, and suggests that the “Maiden” (so called) was not peculiar to Halifax. From his work we also find that the Manor of Rotherham was first severed from the estates of the Earls of Shrewsbury (to one of whom it had been granted at the dissolution of the Monasteries) in favour of Jane Bickerton, the widow of Henry, 6th Duke of Norfolk. This lady died a mile hence at the Holmes, in 1693, and much about her is contained in the celebrated “Memoirs of Evelyn.” - . One person named by Hunter has a peculiar interest for me. This is West, one of the great authorities of about two hundred and fifty years ago, on that branch of the law to which I have attached myself. His book, called “Symboloegraphy, or the Art and Description of Instruments and Presidents,” was, as to one part, dated from Rotherham, and the other from Firbeck, at which places he resided. The work, which was of high authority, and is now of historical value, at one time occupied the position held at the present day by the works of Jarman, Sweet, and Davidson.” - Mr. Hunter also tells us that in the civil wars we had decidedly revolutionary tendencies, that in April, 1643, the town stood a siege and was taken by storm by the Royal Forces under the Earl of Newcastle, and that we had a warlike and turbulent political vicar named Shaw, who seems to have served both sides, Royalists and Parliamentarians. Also that Mary, Queen of * “The Symboloegraphy of William West was pub- lished in 1594, and not only soon acquired considerable reputation, but has always been esteemed a book of authority (see Lord Mansfield's Judgment, 2 Taunton's Rep. 85). The author himself informs us that nothing of the same kind has ever been reckoned more acceptable or more worthy of approbation. In his first edition he set forth some of his learning under the guise of Greek and Hebrew ; but, in deference to his unlearned readers, he dropped this display of scholarship in a second edition ; therein consulting, as he tells them in a prolix dedication expressed in not very good Latin, their profit rather than his own fame. According to West, symboloegraphy is the “art or cunning rightly to form and make written instru- ments,” and is either judicial or extra-judicial, the latter being wholly occupied with such instruments as concern matter not yet judiciously in controversy—viz., instru- ments of agreements or contracts, and of testaments or last wills. His dissertation on contracts, put forth as original, was epitomized and translated from Hermannus Vultejus (Wood's “Inst. Civil Law,” preface ix.) As a collection of forms, the symboloegraphy is very compre- hensive, containing a great variety not only of precedents in conveyancing, but of indictments and of proceedings in Chancery. In the second edition some mercantile forms were added.”—(See I Davidson's Conv., p. Io.) Connected with the West family, there is an old ballad referring to a feud between them and the family of Lord Darcy, which in 1556 led to a fight at Aughton, three or four miles from Rotherham. This fray, in which Lewis and Edward West were killed by Lord Darcy’s sons, is described in a ballad given at length in Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” p. 173. There are other curious details as to a release of Lord Darcy’s eldest son by West’s widow in consideration of a money payment, but reserving her rights against Lord Darcy’s second son, who was subse- quently challenged by West's friends to decide the ques- tion by wager of battle.—See Hunter, Vol. II., p. 175, 176. 670 - 33 otherham. Scots,” on the 31st January, 1569, when a prisoner, rested a night at Rotherham, on her way from Bolton to Tutbury; and that King Charles I., when a prisoner in the hands of the Scots, was brought from Wakefield to Rotherham, and after passing a night here was carried on to Mansfield. The tradition is that King Charles slept at the house in High Street, now the Sheffield and Rotherham Bank;b and I remember some twenty years ago or more being allowed by Miss Jane Clark to make a drawing and take an impression in wax of a coin given by King Charles to an ancestor of Miss Clark's. These were taken by me for the Edinburgh publishers of Sir W. Scott's novels to be engraved for some work of Sir W. Scott's. Hunter is of opinion that Edith Turner, the mother of Pope,” was born in Worsbrough dale, a few miles from us to the north-west. Having reference to this statement of Hunter's, many will perhaps remember that the late Earl of Carlisle delivered a lecture in this building upon Pope and his works. It is not likely that his lordship was aware of this tradition of the neighbourhood, or on the occasion of his lecture he would doubtless have referred to it. Pope's name is now on people's lips more than usual on account of the many recent translations of Homer,” and the comparisons between those translations and the celebrated paraphrase of Pope's. We may claim some share in the honour of one of these recent translations (Mr. Dart's, in English Hexameters) through Mr. Dart's mother, a daughter of the late Colonel Fenton,” who resided at Woodhill, near Wincobank. In Hunter's book we learn that Sir Wm. Reresby, of Thrybergh, was supposed to have lost Dennaby Manor at a cock-fight on a single main;f and that in 1713 Mr. Savile (another owner of Thrybergh) who was also given to cock-fighting, was drowned in a well at the back of the White Bear in Wakefield. Five miles to the south of us, at Aston Rectory, lived for many years William Mason, who would have been Poet Laureate, had he not been a clergyman, or rather had he not been a Whig. Mason was the friend and biographer of Gray, the poet, and the friend and cor- respondent of the witty and sarcastic Horace Walpole, afterwards Earl of Orford, who was one of the best of our great letter writers, a branch of literature in which England holds the highest position. f One of Mason's best-known works is his “English Garden,” a poem, in four books. It is Curious that Pope, who had great taste in landscape gardening, sprang from the neighbouring valley of Worsbrough, and that Kent,g the artist, who did much to improve the public taste in * The following is an extract from a letter dated May I7th, I570, from Mary, Queen of Scots, to the Duke of Norfolk :=“But I have need to care for my health, since the Earl of Shrewsbury takes me to Chastwyth (Chats- worth), and the pestilence was in Rotherham and in other places not further than Fuljeam’s next land.” — See Strickland’s “Lives of the Queens of Scotland,” Vol. VII., p. 80). b * the reading of this paper, it was stated that King Charles passed the night at the “Elephant and Castle” opposite the Bank. It is probable that the King slept at the Bank, which at that time must have been the largest and best house in the town, and that some of his Suite were accommodated at the hostel opposite. * See a tract “Pope; his descent and Family Con- nexions; Facts and Conjectures, by Joseph Hunter.” London, 1857. * Wright's, Worsley's, Dart's, and Lord Derby's. * The name of Fenton serves to introduce another Colonel of that name, who lived for many years at Car House, a mile hence. Mr. Yates, who before he built his present residence, Oakwood House, lived at Car House, has told me of a tradition that General Wolfe, the hero of Quebec, was at one time engaged to be married to one of the Misses Fenton, of Car House, and that there used to be at Car House a valuable cabinet which was given by Wolfe to Miss Fenton. As Wolfe’s mother was a York- shire woman, a daughter of Edward Thompson, Esq., of Marsden (which is only a few miles north-west of this place), it was likely enough that families apparently of about the same rank and position living so near each other in the same county may have been intimate. Mr. Wright, the author of the recently published life of General Wolfe (Chapman and Hall, 1864), tells me that he has seen no trace of the Fentons amongst the Wolfe papers at Wester- ham. * I have often heard a strange story about another estate near Rotherham—namely, Kiveton Hall, the property of the Duke of Leeds. The story was that the then Duke of Leeds, lost at play with the Prince Regent, an annuity to be paid to the Prince so long as Kiveton Hall stood. To get rid of the liability to pay the annuity, the Duke pulled down the hall and, turned the park into farms. Reference to the case of the Duke of Leeds v. Lord Amherst (20 Beavan 240, 2 Phillips 117) will, I am afraid, afford little support to the local tradition, but will reduce the matter to a dry case of “equitable waste,” for which the personal representatives of the destructive Duke were decreed to pay his son and successor in the title 642,000 and interest. g The following are works by Kent:—Inigo Jones's “Designs, consisting of Plans and Elevations for Public and Private Buildings,” published by William Kent. London, 1770 : folio, 2 vols., with 73 and 64 plates. “The Faerie Queene,” with an exact collation of the two original editions: to which are now added a new life of the Author, by Dr. Birch, and also a Glossary. London, I75I : 4to., 3 vols., with 32 plates after designs by Kent.— “Lowndes Bib. Manual,” by H. G. Bohn. . . Byron appears to have been well acquainted with Kent and his works, as will be seen from the following extract from the “Bowles Controversy:”—“Pope was the prin- cipal inventor of that boast of the English, modern gardening. He divides this honour with Milton. Hear Warton :- It hence appears that this enchanting art of modern gardening, in which this kingdom claims a prefer- ence over every nation in Europe, chiefly owes its origin and its improvements to two great poets, Milton and Pope.” ; 2 “Walpole (no friend to Pope) asserts that Pope formed Kent's taste, and that Kent was the artist to whom the English are chiefly indebted for diffusing “a taste in lay- ing out grounds.” The design of the Prince of Wales's garden was copied from Pope's, at Twickenham. Warton applauds “his singular effort of art and taste, in impress- ing so much variety and scenery on a spot of five acres.’ Pope was the first who ridiculed the ‘formal, French, Dutch, false and unnatural taste in gardening,” both in prose and verse.—(See, for the former, “The Guardian,” No. 173.) “Pope has given not only some of our first, but best rules and observations on architecture and gardening." See “Warton's Essay,’ Vol. II., p. 237, &c., &c.) * * * 3 pp embiy. 67.1 gardening, was a native of Rotherham.a Mason's garden at Aston, laid out by himself, still retains the form and design in which he left it; and his library and MSS. were, until lately, preserved at the Rectory there. Mason was also the author of “Caractacus,” a play which Tytler said was one of the most extraordinary efforts in Greek literature which had appeared since the revival of letters. Mason was also the author of other works—Essays, historical and critical, on Church Music; two comedies, “The Surprise,” and “The World to-day;” a tragedy, “The Indians,” and a play, “Elfrida.” He got into Chancery about Gray's Life, and is embalmed in 2 Browne's Ch. Rep. 83. He composed an opera called “Sappho,” and invented musical instruments called a Coelestinette and a Pentachord, though Southey says of him in “The Doctor” (Vol. II., p. 265,) that Dr. Miller, of Doncaster, and others, had failed in teaching him the principles of composition; but Southey was a Tory and Mason a Whig, and many politicians in those days agreed with the famous Jack Lee in never allowing any merit whatever in a political opponent. Mason was a decided Whig and took part in political matters, both anonymously and openly, and was even named as one of the many authors of Junius's letters. He also wrote a Political Eclogue between a Duchess and a Squire, which was never printed, and until lately remained at Aston. But that which will now most interest those before me is his correspond- ence (1763-1797) with Horace Walpole,” one side of which was but recently (1851) discovered at Aston Rectory. From this correspondence I pick out a few facts connected with the neighbourhood. For example, Mason speaks of having to wade seven miles to a turnpike road ; the correspondence teems with reference to postal delays and irregularities. Mason's wish that letters to him may be properly directed sometimes to Aston, near Sheffield; sometimes to Aston, near Rotherham, is iterated and reiterated. Packets, he says, are a fortnight in coming from London to Aston; they are to be left for Mr. Mason, at Mr. Verelst's, in St. James's Square, and that a coach from London to Leeds passes his door at Aston. Travellers in these days would find Aston rather out of the way on their journey from north to south, and conversely, though according to Hunter, Rotherham was, at one time, on the main high road to London by way of Mansfield, which would pass through Aston. Mason speaks of a spinster lady having “broken for £6,000, her only visible extravagance being a fondness for turning in ivory.” Is there any tradition of this strange failure ? Mason asks Walpole for a letter of introduction to friends in Paris, for Mr. Foljambe, a gentleman “of ancient family and good fortune in the neighbourhood;” and Walpole, prior to a proposed visit to Wentworth Castle, asks Mason to send a tracing of the route, with the distances marked. Yorkshire in those days was as remote from town as Greenland is to day. In these volumes will be found frequent references to the Marquis of Rockingham, of whom Walpole (Whig as he was) appears to have had no very high opinion in political matters—to many places in the neighbourhood—to the American war—the Gordon riots—to the then general hatred of Scotchmen, which we, in these days, cannot understand, and to opinions of the writers by no means flattering to the learned Dr. Johnson. Scattered among these materials are some of Walpole's most witty stories. Altogether, these two volumes would be pleasant additions to the library shelves of all dwellers near Rotherham ; as would also Hartley Coleridge's work, the “Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire,” amongst whom Mason has found a place, and of whom Hartley Coleridge says, “with the greatest poets Mason cannot be numbered, yet for many years of his life he was England's greatest living poet.” Among the other names in the Northern Worthies is that of Richard Bentley, the celebrated Master of Trinity, one of the greatest of England's scholars. His family sprang from, and some branches still continue to flourish at Oulton, near Leeds. Our townsman, Mr. Robert John Bentley, whose father about forty years ago left Oulton, and came to reside at Rotherham, is, I believe, of the same family as the famous Master of Trinity. Within a distance of less than two miles from Worsbrough, where, according to Hunter, the mother of Pope was born, is the village or hamlet of Falthwaite, whence following the same authority & sprang the family which gave to the world Wordsworth, the poet, and his brother, the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. Another Master of Trinity, Richard Bentley, it has just been remarked, was born at Oulton, some twenty miles or so to the north of Falthwaite. In addition to the fact that Wordsworth's family sprang from our neighbourhood, it may be interesting to state that Mr. John Guest, of Moorgate Grange, has in his possession a letter addressed to him, 23rd September, 1841, by Wordsworth. This letter d is connected with the He made his own little ‘five acres a model to princes, * Two volumes. London : Bentley, 1851. and to the first of our artists who imitated nature. Warton • Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” Vol. II., p. 492. thinks “that the most engaging of Kent’s works was also d “I regret,” says Wordsworth in his letter to Mr. planned on the model of Pope's, at least in the opening Guest, “that your letter was not answered the moment I and retiring shades of Venus's Vale.’”—See “Moore's Life received it, so strong was my conviction that I should not of Lord Byron,” Ed. of 1838 in one vol., p. 710. be able to comply with your request. I question whether * Hunter’s “South Yorkshire,” Vol. I. p. 13. more than twice in my life it has been in my power to 672 3&otherham. loss on the 5th of July, 1841, of the lives of fifty persons, chiefly young boys, by the launch of a boat at the Boat Yard, a few yards from this place. A committee, of which Mr. Guest was the secretary, asked Wordsworth, Montgomery, and Others to write an epitaph for the monument then proposed to be erected to the memory of those who had perished by drowning. Mr. Guest has also an interesting letter a from James Montgomery, written on the same Occasion, and with that letter were sent the following lines: ‘‘Time from the Church Tower cries to you and me, “Upon this moment hangs eternity:’ The Dial's Index and the Belfry's Chime To eye and ear confirm this truth of Time. There was a moment, as yon shadow pass'd, To these lamented little ones their last; There is a moment, Reader 1 on the wing, Which the same shadow o'er thy sight shall bring: Prepare to meet it; death will not delay; Take then thy Saviour's warning—‘Watch and Pray.’” Mr. Guest has also other original verses by Lady Emmeline Stuart Wortley, Mrs. Tinsley, Mrs. Hutton, Mr. John Holland, and others on this sad subject, all of which it is Mr. Guest's intention to publish in a separate pamphlet, and I am indebted to his courtesy for the permission to insert the letters and lines here given. Cotemporary with Elliott was the Rev. Jacob Brettell, minister of the Unitarian chapel, who published a poem called “The Country Minister,” and other works. Another townsman, Mr. J. E. Jackson, now the headmaster of the ancient Grammar School, at Sheffield, is the author of a poem, “Cecil and Mary,” which has won the admiration of critics of all shades of religious opinions, and not only from them but from many living poets, and among them from Longfellow and Bailey. Of the noblemen in our neighbourhood it would be impossible to give any satisfactory information without writing a great part of the history of England; since, dotted around us, we have some of the greatest historical families in the land. Families, some members of which have ever been in the front rank of their country's affairs for good or for ill (but principally for good) for the last seven hundred years. The Wentworths, Rockinghams, and Fitzwilliams, and their seat, only four miles distant, at Wentworth Woodhouse,P would alone furnish material for a paper thrice as long as that which I have in my hand; and I need now only remind you that the Fitzwilliams claim for their ancestor that Fitzwilliam, who was standard bearer to William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. Tracing through the blood of two or three aldermen of the city of London, and the “blood of all the Howards,” we come down to our own days, during which the representatives of this great house have been always found ready to do their share of the country's business, ranged always on the side of the people. Though I cannot go into the history of the Straffords, Rockinghams, and Fitzwilliams, I may in addition to those parts of the History of England which are given to the life, trial, and death of Strafford, and the acts of the Rockingham administration, refer you to the portraits, in write verses upon a suggested subject. I waited, however, two or three days, and indeed made a trial, but failed altogether. I have only, therefore, to add to the expression of my regret that some other writer who finds work of this kind easier will have the ability to meet your wishes, and those of other parties interested in the mournful occasion.” * Montgomery in his letter to Mr. Guest, says: “For reasons purely personal, I object upon any occasion to write competition verses. Of course, I should not have ventured into the field, even upon so awful and affecting a theme as that for which you have been soliciting con- tributions from my well-gifted and highly respectable neighbours, had I not feared that silence or direct denial might be deemed, not uncourteous only, but unfeeling also, when all that heard of the disastrous bereavement, throughout the country, must have sympathized with those sorrowing sufferers whose hearts and homes were left deso- late by the stroke which laid so many of their hopes and so much of their happiness in the dust. The thought, which I have endeavoured to bring out very imperfectly in the foregoing lines, occurred immediately to my mind on receiving your letter, and haunted me so perversely that for my own peace I was compelled to run it into rhyme; but I have purposely kept it back till now, when I presume you may have received something more directly descrip- tive of the sad event, and which therefore may be deemed more suitable for an epitaph than the general sentiment which I have tried to impress upon the minds of others with a measure of the emphasis with which it has im- pressed my own. But now, I ask as a favour, that no favour of preference may be shown to my lines as mine. Let them be adopted or not, as the committee, the best judges, may determine. To the gentlemen who compose that committee, whose names I know not, but whom I honour for the good work's sake which they have taken in hand, I present this as a small token of respect ; and have only to beg that if the lines be not used that they may not be permitted to escape into print.” The injunction contained in the last sentence against printing the lines was withdrawn in a subsequent letter to Mr. Guest. * Earl Fitzwilliam's seat is usually called “Wentworth House,” but its proper name is “Wentworth-Woodhouse.” There is also a few miles distant, at Stainborough, “Went- worth Castle,” the seat of F. W. T. Vernon Wentworth, Esq., who, I believe, is not connected with the Fitzwilliam family. @pp ent ty. 673 words, of Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, by Sir John Eliot and Macaulaya. There are also two volumes, the “Corrrespondence of the Marquis of Rockingham ” (1760-1782), lately published under the editorship of the Earl of Albemarle,b which are interesting to any who have been born or have lived near to Wentworth Park. - From this correspondence I extract a few amusing paragraphs:–Lord Higham, afterwards Charles, third Marquis of Rockingham, in 1745, being then an Eton boy, and only fifteen years old, went out hunting, attended by a confidential groom, one Stephen Lobb ; he did not return home at night, and was not discovered until after the lapse of several days, when he turned up in the camp of the Duke of Cumberland, at Carlisle, having joined the royal army which had just taken the field against the Pretender. I wonder whether at Wentworth there is any descendant of Stephen Lobb, the sturdy henchman, who went clandestinely to the wars with young Lord Higham P In this correspondence Sir George Savile, of Sandbeck, one of the Scarborough family, who introduced the Nullum Tempus Act, in 1768 (Vol. II., p. 72), and was one of the best speakers in the House of Commons at that time, is frequently referred to. Sir George is one of the eight friends of the Marquis of Rockingham, whose busts are in the beautiful mausoleum at Wentworth. There is a short history of “Honest Jack Lee,” the Recorder of Doncaster, who is also another of those eight friends; he was a barrister of the Northern Circuit, who took a prominent part in political matters; so strong a party man was he that one of his favourite maxims was— “never speak well of a political enemy.” Yet, the only piece of patronage he applied for, of which the Rockingham correspondence shows trace, was in favour of so staunch a Tory as William Scott, afterwards Lord Stowell. There is also an account of the miserable confusion caused in Hull by the appearance of Paul Jones off the east coast (1779); the Marquis of Rockingham, in a letter to his wife, dated September, 1779, thus refers to Rotherham, and the Walkers, and their Cannon Foundry here: “I also pressed that we should send an express to Government to desire that cannon might be furnished, and particularly that some cannon from Walker's forge, at Rotherham, which were here in a ship, might be immediately mounted on carriages and placed in batteries, so as to molest any enemy that attempted to come up the Humber. “After it was known that the Serapis and Countess of Scarborough were both taken by Paul Jones, the Mayor, &c., immediately sent to desire that I would meet them at the Town Hall. We Soon got together, and then we began at once to proceed, I hope, very right. I then found no difficulties. We quickly determined to take the twenty 18-pounders of Walker's Out of the ship. They had no carriages, but we soon found men to engage to make what will answer the purposes by nine o'clock to night. We fixed upon two places for batteries. One of them will probably be ready to night as it is an old work, where seven cannon have heretofore been mounted. The other as soon as it can be. * Mr. Forster, in his “Life of Sir John Eliot,” A.D. 1590- defence, as Sir John Denham tells us, produced in West- I632 (2 vols. Longmans, 1864), after describing Philips, minster Hall. Pym, Digges, Oliver Luke, and Hampden, proceeds thus : “And finally here, among the legislators, raw and inexperienced, who had sat in no former convention, Eliot’s glance first fell upon a tall young man from Yorkshire, Thomas Wentworth, whom men noted even thus early (a contemporary tells us) for his stoop in the neck, for the cloudy shadow on his face, except when lighted up by anything that moved him, and for the fierce, far-reaching look of his eye.” (See Vol. I., p. 22.) At p. 557n., of the same volume will be found an amusing cross-examination of two Yorkshire witnesses. Macaulay's portrait of Wentworth follows:– “But Wentworth, who ever names him without thinking of those harsh dark features, ennobled by their expression into more than the majesty of an antique Jupiter; of that brow, that eye, that cheek, that lip, wherein, as in a chronicle, are written the events of many stormy and disastrous years, high enterprise accomplished, frightful dangers braved, power unsparingly exercised, suffering unshrinkingly borne; of that fixed look, so full of severity of mournful anxiety, of deep thought, of dauntless resolu- tion, which seems at once to forbode and to defy a terrible fate, as it lowers on us from the living canvas of Vandyke? Even at this day the haughty Earl overawes posterity as he overawed his contemporaries, and excites the same interest when arraigned before the tribunal of history which he excited at the bar of the House of Lords. In spite of ourselves we sometimes feel towards his memory a certain relenting similar to that relenting which his d “This great, brave, bad man entered the House of Commons at the same time with Hampden, and took the same side with Hampden. Both were among the richest and most powerful commoners in the kingdom. Both were equally distinguished by force of character, and by personal courage. Hampden had more judgment and Sagacity than Wentworth. But no orator of that time equalled Wentworth in force and brilliancy of expression.” (Macaulay's Review of “Nugent's Memorials of Hamp- den.” Crit. and Hist. Essays, Vol. I., p. 450. See also in the same volume—Macaulay's Review of “ Hallam's Con- stitutional History:” see also “Letters and Despatches of the Earl of Strafford,” with an Essay towards his life by Sir George Radcliffe, by Wm. Knowler, LL.D., 2 vols. folio, London: Wm. Bowyer, I739.) - The portrait to which Macaulay refers is the celebrated picture by Vandyke, still to be seen at Wentworth House, of Lord Strafford and his secretary, Sir John Mainwaring. This wonderful picture is described in terms of great praise in the “Treasures of Art in Great Britain,” by Dr. Waagen, Director of the Royal Gallery of Pictures, Berlin, Vol. III., pp. 337–341 (London: Murray, 1854). At Went- worth House there are five or six of Vandyke’s pictures, and also good examples of Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir Peter Lely, and Sir Thomas Lawrence. The other Picture Galleries in this neighbourhood described by Dr. Waagen, are those at Castle Howard, Temple Newsam, Wentworth Castle, and in the adjoining county, though within easy reach, those at Clumber and Welbeck. * London: Bentley, 2 vols., 1852. 85 674 33 oth crijam. “Send me two boys, as I shall want one to send to London. Captain Buck writes to Lord Effingham, probably he will come to you; to him you will communicate the contents of this letter. I can hardly say whether it is worth while that he should trouble himself to come, but his coming would be liked, though I rather think we shall not have much flurry.” A curious story will be found in the volume for 1851 of Chambers’ Jºdinburgh journal (p. 270), of the marriage of Lady Harriett Wentworth, the sister of the minister, Charles, second Marquis of Rockingham. This lady being then twenty-six years of age, clever and amiable, married William Sturgeon, her footman, having previously made and deposited with her uncle, the famous Lord Mansfield, a valid settlement of her property and provided for more than the usual number of contingencies. The issue of the marriage was one son only, who became a major in the army. He married John Philpot Curran's daughter, the betrothed of Robert Emmett, who was hanged for treason. To this lady, Moore addressed the well-known lines beginning—“She is far from the land where her young hero sleeps.” She was also the heroine of “The Broken Heart,” one of the tales in Washington Irving's Sketch Book. Major Sturgeon was shortly after his marriage killed in one of the Peninsular battles.” The Effingham family, who, like many other noble stocks, sprang from a successful lawyer,” have for nearly two hundred years, not only had large estates, but have lived in our immediate neighbourhood. They have usually been prominent where hard knocks were to be received. An ancestor (the second Baron), though a Roman Catholic, commanded the English fleet which destroyed the Spanish Armada." Fuller, in his “Worthies of England,” speaks of him as pulling at a rope with his own hands, and by his presence and example pulling more than any ten men there. Fuller also says, that though no great seaman, he had the faculty of knowing and Submitting to a good seaman when he met him ; and so the Queen “had a Navy of Oak and an Admiral of Osier.” Other members of the family have held high military commands. With the politics of the disturbed times just referred to, with ex-officio informations, and the eloquence of Lord Erskine, we are also connected through Tom Paine, who resided for a long time with one of the Messrs. Walker, and while here wrote his “Age of Reason.” We are also connected at a later period, oddly enough, through three or four different persons, with the political troubles attendant upon the agitation prior to and after the passing of the Reform Bill—namely, with the Sheffield riot (where ten or twelve people were killed), in which my late father was, at the commencement of the riot, placed at the head of the civil power, from which unenviable post he was relieved by the arrival of Mr. Bosvile, of Ravenfield. With the Birmingham riots, in which Dr. Kay Booth, a Rotherham mand was, I believe, the civil magistrate in command of the troops; and with the dreadful Bristol riots, where Colonel Beckwith, of Thurcroft Hall (after Colonel Brereton had failed to curb the rioters), took the command of the troops and restored order to the town.e Amongst artists we are represented by Kent, to whom I have already referred (ante, p. 670), and more recently by Mr. William Cowen, many of whose pictures have been engraved,f and by Mr. Orlando Jewitt, who is, without exception, the most charming wood engraver of architectural Subjects of this or of any other country. Nearly all the architectural works (certainly the most important) of recent times, of Parker of Oxford, of Murray, Van Voorst, and Bogue, have been illustrated wholly or for the greater part by Jewitt. I have in my possession a list of Mr. Jewitt's works, which shew not only the high estimation in which Mr. Jewitt is held by those best able to judge (and amongst them, Mr. Ruskin), but also the untiring energy and industry of Mr. Jewitt. He was born at Attercliffe, but his father lived for many years at Kimberworth, and was a schoolmaster there. A younger brother, Llewellyn Jewitt, was born at Kimberworth, * See also a chapter on the Fitzwilliams, in “The Great Governing Families of England,” by Sandford and Town- send, 2 vols., 8vo., Blackwood and Sons, 1865; and an article on the Impeachment of Strafford in “Historic Pictures,” by A. Baillie Cochrane, M.P., 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1865. The present Queen, when Princess Victoria, and her mother, the Duchess of Kent, spent some days at Went- worth House, as guests of Earl Fitzwilliam. A story is told that the Princess had a practical illustration of the meaning of the word slape, a Yorkshire word in common use, meaning slippery. The gardener advised the Princess not to pass along a certain garden walk, as it was very slape from recent rain. “Slape,” said the Princess, “what is slape?” But without waiting for a reply she entered the path, and was stopped quickly by a severe fall. “Now,” said the gardener, “your Royal Highness knows what slape means ?” * Sir William Howard, a Judge of the Common Pleas. 2I Edward I., A.D. 1295. * See Ante, p. 665. d William Booth, of Brush House; Ecclesfield, Esq., who was married to Sarah, daughter of John Kay, of East- wood, had six sons; the eldest, John Kay Booth, M.D., of Brush House, became eminent as a physician at Birming- ham ; another son, Major William Booth, late 15th King’s Hussars, served in the Peninsula and at Waterloo ; another, Lieut. Colonel Henry Booth, K.H., 43rd Light Infantry, a distinguished officer, served in the Peninsula and elsewhere; another, Charles, Lieutenant in the 52nd Light Infantry, was killed in the storming party at the siege of Badajoz; another, George, was a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and for many years Vicar of Findon, in Sussex: the remaining son, Thomas, was long connected with the iron manufactures of this district. e An account of the Bristol riots will be found in “The History of the Reform Bill of 1832,” by the Rev, W. N. Molesworth. London: Chapman and Hall, 1865. f Mr. Cowen is also the author of “Six Weeks in Corsica,” with fourteen illustrations. London: Newby, I848. @ppenbir. 675 and is the editor of the Antiquarian Quarterly Magazine, called “The Reliquary.”a Jewitt's father published a “History of Lincoln;” another of Buxton, and for a short time a Yorkshire Magazine, called The Northern Star. * As townsmen of his, at Attercliffe, we may also count Mr. Huntsman, whose discovery of the manufacture of cast-steel, described in Smiles's “Industrial Biography,” is at this moment the subject of a newspaper correspondence; and Locke, the civil engneer, Suibsequently M.P. for Honiton, of whom it was said, that all his railways were made at a sum less than the estimates, in which respect it is probable that Locke stood almost alone. With the literary men of the day, we may claim connexion in the female line through one of the most popular of modern novelists, Mr. Anthony Trollope, whose wife is the daughter of our townsman the late Mr. Heseltine. i - With antiquarians through Josiah Beckwith and Hercules Malebysse Beckwith, the successive editors of Blount's work on the “Ancient Tenures of Land;” with science through Dr. George Pearson,© F.R.S., a physician and experimental chemist, and through Dr. Warwick, another celebrated chemist, who was at one time a partner with Mr. Aldred, the father of one of Our Secretaries; and with one of the greatest inventions of modern times, the Electric Telegraph, through Mr. Fothergill Cooke, who married the younger daughter of Mr. Wheatley, solicitor, of this town. Mr. Cooke and Mr. Wheatstone were the first patentees in 1837 of the Electric Telegraph, and sold their invention in 1846 to the Electric Telegraph Company; also, through Captain Kater (a name well known to mathematicians), the owner of a large estate at Mexbrough, which was recently bought by Mr. Montague, and on its purchase gave rise to a suit (Montague v. Kater)," now a leading authority on a most important and technical branch of law; and through Bramah, born at Stainborough, whose inventions, and pre-eminently that of the hydraulic press, have done as much perhaps, as those of any other man to add to the material prosperity of the country. . With the preachers of our day, through Mr. Gleadall, of Braithwell, who, as preacher at the Foundling Hospital, has been for several years esteemed one of the most eloquent men in London; with University honours through the Rev. Samuel Earnshaw, who was senior Wrangler at Cambridge, and is the author of many valuable mathematical works. Mr. Earnshaw was born and now lives at Sheffield, but he was for several years assistant tutor at Mr. Ellis's school, at Rawmarsh, two miles distant; through Mr. Bashforth,” of Bolton, near Rotherham, who was Second Wrangler the same year in which Adams the astronomer, and discoverer of Neptune was Senior; Mr. Bashforth, a country clergyman, is at the present moment the professor of applied mathematics (advanced class) at Woolwich, where his pupils are the picked officers of the British army, and his duty is to teach them the readiest and most scientific mode of destroying * Derby: Bemrose and Son. London: John Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square. Mr. Llewellyn Jewitt has published a Life of Josiah Wedgwood, in one vol., 8vo. London: Virtue Brothers and Co., 1865. * See “Life of Joseph Locke,” by Joseph Devey. London: Bentley, 1862. In addition to the names of Huntsman, Locke, and Jewitt, given in the text, may be added that of Barbara Hoole, better known as Mrs. Hofland, wife of the artist of that name, who lived some time at Attercliffe, and whilst there, published a volume of poems, containing local references, and amongst them some lines “To the River Dun.” At Darnall, a village adjoining Attercliffe, a tradition lingers that a resident at Darnall, named Walker, was the actual executioner of Charles I., (see Gentleman’s Magazine, I767-8). Hunter, in his “Hallamshire,” p. 254, shews that there is little foundation for the tradition, but thinks that this Walker of Darnall was the translator of the “Vindicias contra Tyrannos.” The neighbouring parish of Ecclesfield, which, I believe, is one of the largest parishes, if not the largest in England, found an able local historian in the late Rev. J. Eastwood, M.A., formerly curate of Ecclesfield, (“History of Eccles- field,” one vol., 8vo., Bell and Daldy, 1862). In that history will be found some interesting particulars of Archbishop Rotherham, (pp. 4II, 415), Bishop Sanderson, (pp. 360, 361), and other persons born in or connected with Rotherham. Mr. Eastwood (p. 354) found a record of the determination of the parishioners of Ecclesfield to have their annual bear-bait: “Ways and means of the usual kind being awanting for the procuration of the usual annual bait at the feast, the churchwardens pawned the bible from the sacred desk, in order to obtain the means of enjoying their immemorial sport.” In the Saturday Review, for March II, 1865, p. 288, it is stated that “at Congleton, in Cheshire, the town bear having died, the Corporation, in 1601, gave orders for the sale of their bible in order to purchase another, which was done, and the town no longer without a bear.” * See Fuller’s “Worthies of England,” Vol. III., p. 472, Ed. 1840. *The case, “Montague v. Kater,” is reported in 8 Excheq. 507. There have been other important law cases connected with this neighbourhood. Near to Mexbrough, the locality of the last-named case, lies Brodsworth, where is situated one of the estates, the subject of the great Thellusson litigation, (“Thellusson v. Robarts,”) the final decision in which, in the House of Lords, is reported 7 W. R. 563. The important case of “Doe v. Scarborough,” 3 Ad. and Ell. 2, relates to the Scarborough estates at Sandbeck, Roche Abbey, and other places five or six miles to the south-east; whilst between the Scarborough estates and Rotherham, lie the late Sir Robert Eden’s estates, which furnish an important leading case, four times adjudicated upon (“Wilson v. Eden, 16 Beavan, I53,) on the construction of the 26th section of the statute of wills.-See also ante, pp. 670, 67.I. * Mr. Bashforth has published “A general Table for facilitating the calculation of Earthworks for Railways, Canals, &c., with a Table of proportionate parts,” by Francis Bashforth, M.A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. London: Bell, 1847. And, “A Practical Treatise on the Construction of Oblique Bridges, with Spiral and Equilibrated Courses.” London, Bell, 1850. The last-named work has been translated into the German language. Weimar: I85I. 676 330th crijam. our enemies; and through Dr. Habershona and the late Dr. Charles Shearman,P both of whom distinguished themselves as students of the University of London. With the noble race of modern travellers, through the eccentric Dr. Joseph Wolff, who risked his life to rescue or discover the fate of Colonel Stoddart and Captain Conolly, who were treacherously killed in Bokhara." Dr. Wolff was for many years vicar of Hoyland, near this town. Another traveller, Mr. Charles Mitchell Grant, the eldest son of the late Mr. Alexander Grant, of Masbrough, was the first to make the “journey from Pekin to St. Petersburgh across the Desert of Gobi,” the details of which will be found in a paper read in December, 1862, before the Royal Geographical Society of London.d. What made Mr. Grant's journey the more difficult, and therefore the more honourable, is that he had the misfortune, when he was a boy, to lose one of his legs. Bodily defects do not appear to throw any serious obstacle in the way of a determined wanderer. I have two or three times met with Holman, the blind traveller, in out-of-the way places on the Continent, and I remember that he always talked of having “seen” such and such places. This, however, is not so curious as the recent travels and adventures of a gentleman, who has neither legs nor arms.” And lastly, with music, through two wonderful performers, our townsmen, Lindley, the violoncello player, and Richardson, the flautist. Ladies and Gentlemen: Though your patience has been tried to its limit, I have not exhausted all my materials. Enough, however, has been said to show that this district is rich in books, and in the memories of great, good, and useful men. Let me hope that my suggestions (necessarily crude and unsatisfactory), will lead you to study the products, both in men and books, of your own soil, not in a narrow, clannish, or parochial spirit, but with that feeling which springing originally from the love of home, afterwards embraces the town, then the parish and the County, and finally the country, and thus expands into the virtue of patriotism. * Dr. Habershon obtained, besides other prizes, five first gold medals in the years 1846 and 1848, for anatomy, materia medica, chemistry, medicine, and physiology respectively; also two exhibitions, and one University scholarship. He is now senior assistant physician at Guy’s Hospital, London, and lecturer there on Materia Medica and Therapeutics. Dr. Habershon is also the author of a work on “Diseases of the Abdomen, Stomach, &c.,” now in its second edition ; and of another work on “The injurious effects of mercury in the treatment of disease.” b Dr. Charles Shearman, in 1848, took an honorary certificate in chemistry; and, in 1850, gained a gold medal in medicine, and an honorary certificate in physiology and Surgery. * “Travels and Adventures of the Rev. Joseph Wolff, D.D., LL.D., two vols. London: Saunders, Otley and Co., I860. - A Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, tells me that when he was an undergraduate, all the men at dinner in Hall were electrified by a sharp, long sustained howl, coming from the upper table. It turned out that Dr. Wolff, who was dining at the Fellows' table, was describing the Eastern dervish, with vocal illustrations. * See “Journal of the Royal Geographical Society,” Vol. XXXIII., p. 167. “The Cruise of the Eva,” by Mr. Kavanagh; Saturday Review, March II, 1865. gº º łłęlità and littorn 3 OF MEN AND MANUFACTURES AT or IN THE NEIGHBOURHooD of ROTHER HAM. By 9 O//W G UE S T. F.S.A. escºe 1865. : - * -º-º-o-º-o-o-en. y cº, º/* cºrt” A vºwſºn ºf ºzº, a zºº º -º-y ºr a “ſºye &eº, ºy 94 % / 6 º'grºw … yºyºyºyº ºvºvº º z-z-y, v-zewºzºvº gº 2)Żm /*zºº. 42, -2, º żº dosłºwºwº our ongº -> º --~~ 2 ſ iº W. +- * \t º -- º --- - --- -Nº-Hiº - 1ſt º | º i- #|| - º - Júñº |H º & \ ºr -- |v || || Nº - -> N º < zºº º cº-2- - * ..., §: º “Zºº., 4%; 2. *zzº, º i --~~~ 22 -- l - 2/ 2 2 */ -zee-eyº 7. */A *A % *ºyºy º Ø rºzzº º, ** * * * * */ yº” tº ºz/wº sº, º, Z. º, º oxy”, *%, 2% º' yeº, º ż, , , **, ->. -z - º, Lºlº º, – º -**y-> * > 3 ºr ºº Zºº --- - º Z -- - jº - ^:- 2. ſº --- - ſº *= º Fiſſº; º §§ º: 2="../III. H. º Hº- §:- 3&tlită ămă Hºrturiſ8. EEHERE is indisputable evidence that iron was made in the neighbourhood of Rotherham ſº nearly seven hundred years ago; that a Market has existed for nearly the same period; ºil and that it had a College nearly four hundred years ago. As an ancient manufacturing, market, and collegiate town, Rotherham may be said to have worn its early honours very meekly. * Its once celebrated College does not appear to have produced an annalist to perpetuate its historic or scholastic fame : nor from that remote period to the present has any native pen narrated its early and not quite uneventful history; its sudden rise to manufacturing importance during the successful career of the Walkers; its decadence when that success ceased; nor its recently resuscitated and reinvigorated condition, and almost unequalled advance in prosperity and population during the last twenty years. e Some eighty years since its natural and commercial advantages attracted the notice and inspired the rustic muse of John Davison, then gardener at Moorgate, the seat of Samuel Tooker, Esq. He, in “The Beautiful Situation of Rotherham Displayed,” or, as he describes it in another place on “On the Pleasant and Advantageous Situation of Rotherham for Trade,” written in 1786, in somewhat rude but forcible and graphic prose and verse, accurately depicts the almost unequalled capabilities of the place for trade, and as severely condemns the inhabitants for their supineness and blindness in not having availed themselves of what would have been to their own benefit — º “Hail, Rotherham, happy place where Heav'n Its choicest bounties hath profusely given; A little world within thyself thou art, Where nature liberally had done her part. Rivers, hills, dales, and woods, in concert ring A genial chorus to nature's sovereign King; Thy fertile fields with corn and hay abound, Thy mart, with flocks and herds is weekly crown'd; :: >}: :#: :: :: Thy river, thick with vessels richly fraught For thee, pours in abundance, yet unsought; And in return, what thou canst gladly spare They take—and with the same contented are; Sk >k :k :k >{: Thy situation such, thou might'st be made The Emporium of this famed isle for TRADE. >k >k >}: sk x: Thus situate, ROTHERHAM, thou dost stand, 'Midst works of Art and Nature on each hand; Materials plenty sure thou hast for Trade, With which a prosperous Town might soon be made. But ahl what grief each morning 'tis to see The numerous sons that turn their back to thee, And to their neighbours roam to earn their bread, A scanty pittance, meanly cloth'd and fed. >k :k :k: :}; x: Ye servile, sottish sons, from sleep awake Join, league, combine, and a grand effort make Your freedom to regain.” More recently, Ebenezer Rhodes, a native of Masbrough, author of “Peak Scenery,” “Yorkshire Scenery,” and other works, who, amidst the ordinary occupations of commercial and manufacturing life, prominently figured as a political and popular leader on almost every public question, and was also an enthusiastic lover of art and literature, none of which, perhaps, tended to advance his commercial success, has, in his “Yorkshire Scenery” depicted with great truth and beauty of description, the lofty, wood-crowned heights, and rich sylvan slopes which combine to dignify and adorn the diversified scenery on the banks of the Rother and the Don. From the word painting of Mr. Rhodes we pass to oil paintings of William Cowen, a native of Rotherham, who in his earlier sketches has portrayed many of the pleasing scenes amidst which his youthful talent was awakened, several of which illustrate and ornament these pages. He was liberally patronized by the Earl Fitzwilliam of that day, who sent him to Italy, and spared no pains or expense in developing the powers of the young artist. The kind feeling of the different members of the Wentworth family was extended to him through a long life, and a “Relics and Records" was written in 1865, and read of an unfortunate kind, these have been noticed in brackets. before the members of the Rotherham Literary and Philo- The account of the Walkers and Ebenezer Elliott, and sophical Society, on the 27th March in that year. Fourteen Some other pages which appeared in the original paper, years have produced changes as relates to several works, will be found in an extended form, in the preceding pages. 68o 330th crijam. by them his interests were largely promoted. In 1843 he published “A Series of Views in Corsica,” which were highly spoken of in the Reviews, and in 1848 he published a handsome volume entitled “Six Weeks in Corsica,” illustrated with fourteen highly finished etchings, dedicated to the Right Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam. - And again, named with pardonable pride, our native poet, Ebenezer Elliott, already described as having “enshrined almost by name, every hill and vale, wood and rock, river and rippling stream, and wilding flower, the daily haunts and darling idols of his by turns, dreary and dreaming boyhood; and in its low touching wails of mournfullest melody, in its passionate gushings of intensified love and fervid worship, and alas! also in its fierce and fearless tempest tones of political anathema, it will live whilst the English tongue is spoken on the earth.” “Don, lies blue below, And Wincobank before me, rising green Calls from the south, the silver Rother's flow, And smiles on moors beyond, and meads between ; Unrivall'd landscape Oh, it is a scene That to remembrance brings the hope-blessed days, But not their hope l’” From “ Withered Wild Flowers.” “Love-listening Rother, thou wilt hear no more Her guilty whisper on thy silent shore As when she trembled, hung her head, and wept, Sweet as the flower on which the moonbeams slept, Wan as the snow-white rose in Catcliffe’s vale, But not like it, in stainless meekness pale.” From “ They Met Again.” “Thy sisters, in the vales left far behind, Are dead, late coming primrose ! months ago They faded slowly in the pensive wind Thou smilest—yes, the happy will do so, Careless of others' wrongs and others' woe. Carnationed childhood’s favourite I thou, too, here 2 Ay, roses die, but daisies always grow. --- Skeleton ash why lag behind the year 2 Where Don and Rother meet, no half clad boughs appear.” º From “ Winthill.” A cursory glance at the place, its people, and the state of things then existing, may not be uninteresting. Rotherham was then a pleasant, quiet place, a respectable market town, with a considerable sprinkling of persons extensively engaged in commerce, and aspiring to something like gentility, who moved amongst its small, but well-to-do population. Its leading tradesmen at an earlier date had, as in other places, their local tokens, a few of which are here given : T.L. of Rotherham & The Initials in the Field. IN - YORKSHIRE * :k In the Field T.L. WILLIAM - MANDEVILE * * The Merchant Tailors' Arms. IN - ROTHERHAM 1664 * * In the Field W.M. “ W.S. - OF - ROTHERHAM The Initials in the Field. IN - YORKSHIRE In the Field W.S. JOSEPH + SORESBIE * The Mercers' Arms. IN # ROTHERHAM 1669 + In the Field HIS HALF PENY. i There resided, in and around the town, a number of families of ancient descent, who, from the intermarriages which took place amongst them, seemed to have formed a somewhat dignified and agreeable state of society. Amongst these are the names of the Westbys, of Guilthwaite, and of Howarth. Foljambe, Finch, Tooker Tooker, Aislabie, Buck, Mandeville, Kent, Sorsbie, @pp ent it. 68 I Tunnicliffe, Harrison, Fenton, &c. The Rev. John Lloyd was then vicar, and the Vicarage, and an adjacent mansion called the Palace, (if we may judge from a sketch left by old Mr. Wild), were many gabled genteel-looking dwellings. These were some of the notable persons and places of the earlier time; but the several eminences now known as Clifton, Eastwood, Ferham, had not as yet, even in faintest apocalyptic vision, been singled out as sites for those handsome mansions which the architectural skill of Carr, of York, was to place upon two of them, through the necromantic spell of the great magician, who had just arrived from Grenoside, and built his first furnace in the neighbouring suburb. * In the same year, 1746, we have the names of an unusual number of our townsmen and neighbours, who were called upon to act in the agreeable capacity of jurymen at York, on the trials of the rebels, who, in the preceding year, had, under the banner of the Pretender, invaded England as far as to Derby, Some say to Sheffield, spreading great consternation, and committing no little ravage on their route. On October 2nd, 1746, the Court sat at the Castle of York; and on Tuesday, the 7th, the trials ended, seventy of the rebels having been condemned. On the juries we find : William Hoole, of Tinsley. Saml. Staniforth, of Attercliffe. Matthew Carlton, of Hooton Roberts. Robert Wild, of Wickersley. Gilbert Roberts, of Sheffield. Richard Bingley, of Bolton-upon-Dearne. Benj. Boomer, of Rotherham. Timothy Rhodes, of Brampton Byerley. Jonathan Gawtress, of Wath. Henry Wilkinson, of Rotherham. Samuel Kirk, of Kimberworth. Richard Tyas, of Rotherham. Joseph Steer, of Sheffield. On November 8th and I 5th, a considerable number of the condemned rebels were executed with..all the horrible and ferocious formalities of that period. They were hung, beheaded, their bowels and hearts were thrown into a fire of faggots, and some of the several heads were set up on the city gates. An extract or two from the “Sheffield Register” will give us an idea of the different state of things, and the rates of prices, which existed at the period of which we are now treating, as compared with the present: “Number of houses in the township of Sheffield, 2,152. “Population of Sheffield and its parishes, taken by order of the Town Burgesses, preparatory. to presenting a petition to Parliament to make St. Paul's church parochial : . FAMILIES. INDIVIDUALS. Township of Sheffield e e º * • 2I 52 9695 Brightside Bierlow. º e e * º 2 II 983 Attercliffe-cum-Darnall . º e e • 245 IO75 Ecclesall and Two Hallams . º º º 5O3 2352 Totals º • 3, III I4, IO5 “1745–Price of Commodities: Crop of Beef for roasting, 2s. 4d. per stone. “Load of Wheat 9s. 6d. “3 lb. Candles, Is. 4d.; IOO lb. Cheese, I9s.; 7 lb. Sugar, 3s.; 2 stone salt, 2s. 6d.; Workhouse Account.” ... " “1746—Great rejoicings in the Town (April 26th), bonfires, &c., on the news arriving of the defeat of the rebels, and that they would not enter the Town.” º “I747–Master manufacturers began to visit the Metropolis, as well as other parts of the kingdom, in search of orders, with good success.” “1749, Nov. 25th.-Expenses of the Cutler's Feast: “Rump of Beef, 3s. 4d.; Six Fowls, 2s. 8d.; Ham, 3s.; Pies and Puddings, 2s. 6d.; Hare, Is. 6d.; Loin Veal, Is. IOd.; Bread, Is...; Butter, 2s.; Roots, 4d.; Ale and Punch, 20s. 7d.; Dressing, 4s.; Total £2 2s. 9d, Collected of the Company, 21s.; paid out of the stock, 21s. 9d.; recol. contents in full by William Dixon.” “1750–The rates for the relief of the necessitous poor of the Township of Sheffield amounted to less than £400.” - 86 682 - 330th crijam. “Charges of the house of maintenance during Mr. Roebuck's fortnight, £ I2 5s. IOd. Poor in the house, 65. Workhouse Account.” “I754, April 28th.-First Sheffield Newspaper, called Lister’s Weekly journal, published every Tuesday, price 2d.” - [A copious account of the introduction of the iron trade to Rotherham has been already given.] It would seem from the following information received from the Rev. J. T. Fowler, of the College, Hurstpierrepont, that another description of metal work was made in the town, at a more recent period, but of which no record is now extant. : On the fourth bell, at Thornton-on-Curtis, Lincolnshire, is the following inscription : THE PRAISE OF GOD I SING AND TRIVM PH OF THE KING | THE MARRIAGE JOYES I TELL AND SOVNDS THE DEAD MAN’S KN ELL. I. I. LUD LAM, ROTHERHAM, FOWNDER, 1761. Joseph Ludlam is mentioned in the accounts of the Feoffees of the Common Lands of Rotherham, as Owing 2s. for seat rent in 1733, and again in 1736. In the same accounts : - £ S. d. I743. Paid Jos. Ludlam, as per bill . º I4 2 O (This seems to have been when the Old Town Hall and Grammar School in Jesus Gate were built.) I748. Paid Jos. Ludlam, as per bill . O IO 3 I756. Pd. Jos. Ludlam, for 2 Locks O 4 O I758. Pd. , 33 as per bill º e * 3 6 6 I759. Pd. , 35 3y e - e º O I8 6 It would therefore appear that Ludlam was an ironmonger, whitesmith, and bell-hanger, and as in the case of Thornton-on-Curtis, a bell-founder. Enquiries amongst old people have failed to ascertain where, or to what extent, this latter branch of business was carried on. There is one trade, but which had little to do with home manufacture, to which I must advert. Ebenezer Rhodes, writing in 1824, says “About half a century ago the making of files seemed to be well established at Rotherham, but after a sickly existence of a few years, this trade emigrated to Sheffield; a few corn-factors, and wine and spirit merchants have succeeded to the makers of files, but the scanty population they employ ill supply the place of a race of industrious artizans and ingenious mechanics. Another and a better spirit appears lately to have manifested itself in this little inland town. It has at last begun to move, and if its progress to consequence should only be commensurate to its means, Rotherham may yet become an active and important agent in the manufactures of the country.” The wine and spirit trade was, at and previous to the time mentioned by Rhodes, in great glory and renown at Rotherham. I believe the Hamers were in the wine trade. - John Coupland, Esq., or “King Coup” as he was called, had vast wine and spirit vaults and premises (yet existing) almost like a range of catacombs, extending from Church street to the river. These were afterwards in the possession of Messrs. Thompson, who had direct agencies, if not vineyards in Spain, Messrs. Harvey and Clarke stood for many years very high in the trade. Saville and Aldred, Woodhead and Pratt, and others, who in some way or other had established a reputation, not only amongst those who called themselves fine judges of these commodities in the immediate neighbourhood (and there were many of them), but also had secured extensive preference throughout a large extent of Lancashire, and other adjoining counties. I have no means of accounting for this; it was said to be owing to the excellence of Rotherham water; but what water could have to do with pre-eminence in “genuine wines and proof spirits” seems to be the puzzle. Of course water had to do with the manufacture of Gin, “Gin-spinning” as it was called, but there the connexion ended as related to these Whole- sale Merchants, Importers, &c., &c., as they designated themselves. On the site now occupied by the Rotherham and Sheffield Railway Station, a large and prosperous starch and soap manufactory was for many years carried on by Messrs. Turner and Woodhead, who had also a seed crushing and rape oil manufactory at Aldwark. A seed crushing and oil manufactory was also carried on by Mr. Parker at the Ickles, and an alum manufactory (afterwards removed to Masbrough) by Messrs. Beatson, at Wheathill. From the following statement with which I have been favoured by C. Bartholomew, Esq., C.E., it would seem probable that Rotherham had the first railway of which we have any mention, He says “Mr. John Copeland, who died in 1850, at the age of ninety-three, used to tell me that in early life he saw the tramroad that came from Mr. Fenton's Colliery, across the wharf, nearly where the Glass Works are, to the canal side, and that he believed that to have been : | \ : F. White. Litho Hinter, Worksop @ppertNix. - 683 the earliest railway that was ever made. It was constructed entirely of wood, and I believe in the first instance that strips of hard wood were laid upon the longitudinal sleepers for the wheels to traverse, but that subsequently he substituted flat iron, and from what he told me I should judge that this tramway was placed there very shortly after the navigation was made.” We must now proceed to our “Records” of more recent times, which, if they do not relate to men and matters so remarkable as almost to make “truth stranger than fiction,” they do relate to what is very pleasant, if not picturesque, progress and prosperity. The distribution of the Works, and of those who had been connected with them, which took place when Messrs. Joshua Walker and Co. retired from them, must now be mentioned. Mr. Samuel Clark, who had been for a great number of years at the head of Messrs. Walkers' staff, and had attained the rank of one of the leading public men in Rotherham, carried on for some time the BLAST FURNACES AT THE HOLMES, until they were purchased by Geach and Co., of Park Gate Iron Works, afterwards Samuel Beale and Co., and now “The Park Gate Iron Company, Limited.” Messrs. Habershon took the HOLMES ROLLING MILLs; and they are in direct descent from the staff of the old dynasty; Matthew Habershon, jun, appearing as one of the witnesses of Samuel Walker's Will in 1782. Several of their descendants have attained eminence in their several pursuits and professions in life. THE PHOENIX WORKS.–In 1823, Mr. James Yates, who had been brought up with the Walkers, in connection with their Foundry Works at Masbrough and the Holmes, and who remained with them to its close, entered into partnership with Mr. Charles Samuel Roberts Sandford, purchased the models of general goods from the Walkers, engaged the few remaining workmen, and took from Mr. William Glossop, the Foundry which had been built in opposition to Walker and Co., by Clay and Co., now the Phoenix Works. He commenced the somewhat Herculean task of resuscitating and recovering the lost Foundry business which the neighbour- hood once possessed; and he succeeded, although at that time it was all but extinct. In 1825 the force consisted of about thirty men and boys, one of whom was Mr. Owen, then an apprentice; he became a partner in the business in 1832, and had the management of the forge and wrought iron goods department. This force at that time (1825) were exclusively employed in making cast iron goods; spades and shovels and frying pans were added, and to these afterwards was added the large business in wrought iron goods which had been carried on in the Square, of Burdekin and Fairbairn, and the stove grate business which had been carried on at Rotherham Foundry by Kirk and Kidgell; thus the Phoenix Works were now assuming a leading position, and the lost Foundry trade of the Walkers seemed again likely to be brought back to the place at which it had so wonderfully Swelled into vast magnitude, and had as strangely collapsed. At the Rotherham Foundry, long, long before such articles were to be got up for the Exhibition of 1851, there was an Exhibition of a magnificent stove, or fire place, made for the Whistle Jacket Room, at Wentworth House. The public being kindly invited to inspect it, no little wonder and admiration were excited by such a superb specimen of local skill and enterprise then newly springing into notice, and which may be taken as the first faint indication of that “good time coming,” which has been realised in the present Effingham Works. . In 1831, a Forge for the manufacture of large wrought iron forgings for Marine Engine Works was added, and the Phoenix Works in a very short time became eminent for the excellence of their manufacture of the largest class of forgings of this description; these consisted of paddle-wheel shafts, ranging up to eighteen tons weight in the forged state; they were of splendid workmanship, such as with the means possessed could only be produced by great care and skill, and such as had not before been produced by any house. Crank axles up to twelve tons, and Crank throws up to six tons, with all the requisite Smithing, turning, and boring which might be required were produced, and this before those wonder-working Nasmyth's patent hammers were introduced, and by which these and much heavier forgings are now manufactured with comparative readiness and ease. - In 1838 the business was divided, Mr. Yates taking the stove grate trade, and the firm at the Phoenix Works became Sandford and Owen, and afterwards Sandford, Son, and Owen. The manufacture of railway wheels and axles was commenced two years before, in 1836; the start was a modest one, the height of ambition being then attained by producing one set of wheels and axles a day; now, I very much doubt if the turning out of from thirty to five and thirty sets per day in ordinary wheels, will be a quantity to remain satisfied with; indeed two hundred sets per week have already been attained. There are now ten forge hammers at work, and two more in preparation. One Tire Rolling Mill is at work, and two more are in preparation, and this is somewhere about the present capability of “Owen's Patent Wheel, Tire, and Axle Company, Limited,” by which the manufacture of wrought iron tires on Owen's patent solid weldless principle is extensively carried on, as also the manufacture of cast steel weldless tires, general castings in Steel, and axles of cast steel and wrought iron. 684. 330th crijam. [The Occupancy of the company was short and disastrous, and the works after having been closed for a time, are again in Mr. Owen's hands.] Connecting this advance with that made at the Effingham Works, to which we will now turn our attention, the attempt made by Sandford and Yates in 1823, to resuscitate and restore the lost Foundry business of the Walkers, will not, I am sure, be considered much less worthy of our wonder and admiration, than that of the career of the first Walkers; inasmuch as the Walkers had almost the whole world of that business to themselves, and their successors had to contend with competitive contemporaries in all directions. EFFINGHAM WoRKS.—On the dissolution of the partnership of Messrs. Sandford, Yates, and Owen, in 1838, in the division of the business which took place, Mr. Yates retained the Rotherham Foundry, and possessing himself also of large premises and space which had been used as the Masbrough Flax Works and Pottery, established forthwith a manufactory for stove grates, fenders, and numerous other useful and ornamental articles in cast and wrought iron. About this period, also, Mr. Yates patented and manufactured a beautiful letter in China, for sign boards, shop fronts, and many other uses, which, being susceptive of every variety of elegant form and brilliant colour, was for a considerable time in very extensive demand. But the rapid growth of the stove grate business soon required the exclusive attention of the firm, Yates and Haywood, now Yates, Haywood, and Drabble, and soon the premises which had seemed so spacious became insufficient; and the present noble range of buildings, which are no doubt the largest in the trade, were erected. Of course in works so extensive a vast range of articles are produced, down from the most elegant design and exquisite finish to the plainest and simplest articles of utility; from the ornamental fire places, fire irons, and fenders, which have to challenge admiration in palatial halls, and require all the modellers' and mechanics' taste, dexterity and skill, down to the pot grate of the humblest home, but just removed from the iron-stone of the hills. Every variety of form, and every degree of finish are being daily produced in qualities and quantities of which few but the initiated could form an adequate idea. Their large London establishment, Dyer's Hall Wharf, near London Bridge, of course requires almost daily supplies commensurate with that insatiate demand which the mercantile metropolis of the world requires, first for its own enormous necessities, and then for those of the uttermost parts of the earth. The HOLMES ENGINE AND RAILWAY WORKS occupy another portion of the Old Works. These works were taken by Mr. Isaac Dodds, when the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway was being made. They have since been carried on by himself and son, under the title of Dodds and Son, and have borne a first-class reputation for the excellency of the work, and for the numerous improvements which have emanated from them. Amongst these may be enumerated the engine turntable, wedge expansive motion for locomotive engines, present type of portable engines, curvilinear Sawing machinery, spring buffers for locomotive carriages, the volute Spring, steel surface rails, &c. &c., on which important improvements have been recently made, which, whilst removing objections as to slipperiness, &c., now enable them to produce rails more durable than any other kind hitherto introduced, at little more than two-thirds the price of steel rails. As these works, although not large, and Mr. Dodds their originator, connect themselves with railway men and matters of an early period, a few further notices will be given. The first locomotive engine used on the Sheffield and Rotherham Railway was made by Mr. Dodds, and although thought little of at the time, did excellent service; and afterwards in other hands, the “Old Cutler,” as she was called, did all that could be expected, without ever having had any serious accident, or having lost her owners a day, up to about three years ago, when she was broken up, after having run about twenty-five years. This was only a good example of a contractor's engine with solid wrought iron frame, and a self-acting reversing and expansive motion, with the boiler permitted to expand freely by the heat, without having deranged the machinery by distorting its true position; this plan is now becoming very general. Here were made the first experiments of wrought iron girders, and, strange as it may appear, when afterwards Mr. Dodds was permitted by Mr. Joseph Locke to place some wrought iron girders on the Scottish Central Railway, objection was made by the Government Inspector, though they were Overbridges; consequently, after having been partially erected, they were displaced and cast iron was substituted. In another instance where Mr. Dodds had the permission of Messrs. Stephenson and Brassey to erect an aqueduct and viaduct at the Beattock summit on the Caledonian Railway, the same objection was made; but they were allowed to be put down on Mr. Dodds offering to test them, the aqueduct being filled with water; and the road over it being covered with weight much heavier than it could ever have to bear, and there it remains to this day; this was only some seventy-four feet span, but it was years before the Menai Tube was brought out, and was guided by the same reasons, as to the safety of wrought iron for bridge structures. Mr. Dodds was the first pupil of the late George Stephenson; prior to that he was in his uncle Mr. Ralph Dodds's office at Killingworth, then intending to be a colliery viewer. He succeeded Mr. Nicholas Wood, and frequently, when a boy, he paid George Stephenson's wages, @pp ent it. - 685 when he wore his working dress. He is believed to be the only one living, who, with Nicholas Wood, William and John Moody, Wales, and Summersides, the viewers and overmen, and others, amounting to seventeen in number, accompanied “George” to the blower, down the Rillingworth pit, to try the first safety lamp, in November, 1815. Mr. Dodds, when a boy, left his uncle and became a pupil to Stephenson, preferring mechanics; and from that date, with a slight exception, he was always interested in every improvement, and was consulted by Mr. Stephenson in matters connected with locomotive and railway works, especially the mechanical. From 1832 to 1836, Mr. Dodds was the engineer for the Horseley Coal and Iron Company, in Staffordshire, then a firm of great repute, and here he took up the question with Stephenson, Locke, Rastrick, and others, as to making heavier locomotive engines than were at that time used, and as to making railway lines, to be worked by locomotive engines, much steeper, whereby considerable expense might be saved in cutting, &c.; in this he was opposed by one and all, but after having had a consultation with Mr. Charles Vignoles, (then the engineer on the St. Helen's and Runcorn Gap Railway, where they were working with two distinct locomotive establishments, one at the top and the other at the bottom of the incline plane which crossed over the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which incline was worked by a fixed engine and rope), Mr. Dodds proposed to make a locomotive engine to take a larger load than the fixed engine. Mr. Vignoles persuaded the directors to give the order; and to his credit, aided the carrying out of Mr. Dodds's views, which have since become all but universal; the engine was made, and did the prescribed work well, and the fixed engine was taken away. Since that day heavy inclines, which before it was thought could not be worked by locomotive engines, are now so worked, and some of many miles in length. Mr. Dodds in the first instance fought this battle single handed, but found in Mr. Vignoles, one who was always ready to listen to improvements, and was consulted by him in the drawing up of the specification for the locomotive engines for the Dublin and Kingstown Railway. Mr. Dodds made a sketch for him, so that each locomotive should be a perfect duplicate of the other, and that each detailed part of an engine should also be the duplicate of any other engine; so that the whole family should be exactly the same size, weight, and kind, and thus a very small stock of detached parts need be kept in the stores. The detail of the many various inventions, patented and unpatented, would be very considerable; but, as shewing the widest range from the heavy locomotive engine, perhaps it will be sufficient to mention the trousers strap clasp, or fastener, which, when trousers were all but universally strapped down under the boot or shoe, dispensed with the strap under the foot, by hooking with a spring clasp on wire loops on the shoes, and was the best form for that troublesome and constraining freak of fashion assumed, and were manufactured at the Holmes in enormous quantities. [These works are no longer in operation, and Mr. Dodds, the subject of this recital, is no longer a resident.] Mr. Wm. Oxley, who was at the Steel Works carried on by Messrs. Walker, established new STEEL WORKS AT PARK GATE, which are still prosperously carried on by his sons. The STEEL WORKS (some portion of them), carried on by Messrs. Walker and Booth, were unoccupied for a long time, and were afterwards worked by Grant and Lilley; and others from time to time occupied portions of their extensive premises, but are not now doing so. The ROTHERHAM ROLLING MILL, and ROTHERHAM OLD FORGE were taken by Stephen Liversidge. He sprung from Thrybergh, and was for many years a farmer there. He got into the hop trade, and seemed in a most unaccountable manner to take fortune by storm ; he pulled the Rolling Mill down, and built the present Flax Mill, and having “blazed the comet of season,” sank out of sight, but not without, unhappily, involving others in his fall. - [The fugitive and not reputable local distinction achieved by the father in this country, was quite reversed by that of one of his sons in the country in which they had sought and found refuge. Walter Liversidge, the son of Stephen Liversidge, after the family had settled at Milton, near Boston, in America, became intensely attached to the study of chemistry. He became a good chemist, and finally made one of the greatest discoveries that had been made for several years in that country; namely, a substitute for gum Senegal, an article of immense consumption by the calico printers, and by which he realised a handsome fortune, and assisted his brothers in doing the same. He died very young; his monument or obelisk of white Italian marble bears the inscription: “Sacred to the memory of Walter Liversidge, born at Thrybergh, in England, Feb. I 3, 181 I, died June 19, 1842, aged 30 years. An irreparable loss.” - - The Boston Christian Watchman bears a high testimony to his worth, from which the following extract is made : - “Died at Dorchester, on Sunday, June 19, Walter Liversidge, Esq., aged thirty, a native of England. Of the many deaths that have taken place in Our Community the past season, no one has occurred which has occasioned more sincere sorrow than that of Mr. Liversidge. By this act of Providence the public have lost a most intelligent, useful, and valued citizen, and his family the most affectionate son and brother. Foreigners of the character of Mr. Liversidge and his venerable parents, and amiable brothers, will ever be welcomed by Americans with warm hearts, and departure from our midst will be most sincerely lamented and regretted.” A passage from his funeral sermon emphatically testifies to the high estimation in which he was held : - 686 33 otherijam. “Brought by his circumstances into contact with many, it was his singular happiness to gain friends where others made acquaintance, to Secure the respect of all, the ill-will of mone. * * * * The large number dependent upon him for labour and support universally regarded and spoke of him as a benefactor. Often, as I have listened to their accounts of his kindness to them in trouble and the liberality with which he supplied their wants, I have felt constrained to thank Him who was pleased to confer So richly upon the same individual the ability and disposition to promote the welfare of his fellow creatures.” - His brother visited England some years ago, and was a benefactor to the hospital then being erected at Rotherham to the amount of £500, and at his death by a bequest of £1,000.] The Old Rotherham Forge, of which Samuel Walker's record says, dating 1753 to 1754, “Built Forge and Woodhouse, Warehouse at Bridge,” was then and long afterwards worked by water power supplied from the Rother and the Don. On Messrs. Walker declining business it came into the hands of Liversidge and Crownshaw, and afterwards of Messrs. Knowles and Brown, subsequently of Brown and Sons, and lastly of G. and J. Brown, who are now the owners of the works. During the successive changes which have taken place, additions have been made, and steam as well as water power has been applied. The Rotherham Iron Works have been famed for more than a century for the manufacture of Scrap and wrought iron uses, and for nearly half a century for the rolling of bar, rod, and sheet steel for the use of the Sheffield trade, and for exportation. During the early part of this period, Sheffield possessed a comparatively limited amount of machinery for rolling steel, hence these works were employed by the principal Sheffield houses in the steel trade, until the demand became so great as to render it necessary for their putting down machinery of their own. In addition to the manufacture of scrap iron, and the rolling of steel in all its varieties of form, the proprietors in the year 1859 introduced a patented machine for the rolling of solid weldless locomotive and railway carriage and waggon tires, and the works became greatly extended for the carrying on of this new branch of business, which, in fact, became the most important part of the manufacture. The first solid weldless railway tire manufactured was produced at these works. [The works disastrously passed into the hands of a limited liability company, and in a somewhat different description of manufacture are now in the hands o Mr. Harrison.] - HOLMES STEEL WORKS.—The file and tool business carried on at Warrington, was established by Mr. Peter Stubs the greater part of a century ago, and has ever since been in that name; the present partners of the firm are Mr. Peter Stubs, the grandson of the founder, Mr. John Kekwick (who has since retired from the business), and Mr. James Marson, who employ upwards of 500 workmen in the above branches of manufacture. The steel business is of more recent date, the firm having in 1832 Succeeded to that of Messrs. Joshua Walker and Co., then carried on in Masbrough on the premises now occupied by Messrs. Wm. Corbitt and Co., stove grate manufacturers. s' In 1842, the firm finding the Masbrough premises too small and inconvenient, purchased at the Holmes several acres of land, upon which was erected the present manufactory, which is thus described in a topographical work; “The Steel Works and Forges and Tilt, belong to Messrs. Stubs, the celebrated file and tool manufacturers of Warrington, under the firm of Peter Stubs, who in 1842 erected buildings at the cost of £2O,OOO.” - These works are erected on the site of the Holmes Hall and gardens (once the property and residence of the Earls of Effingham), and comprise converting, melting, and other furnaces and warehouses, used in the manufacture of steel from iron, imported exclusively from the Swedish mines by the proprietors. Upwards of thirty men are employed here in these operations, several of whom have been in the service of the firm upwards of twenty-five and thirty years. The Southwark Bridge castings were fitted in a building which stood in an adjoining field belonging Messrs. Stubs. g - The Holmes Steel Works were the first in the neighbourhood of Sheffield or Rotherham, erected adjoining and having communication with a railway; and the first truck-load of coals brought by the Midland Railway Company was for these works, from the colliery of Messrs. France, of Woodhouse Mill. This is a remarkable instance of the strange mutation of property taking place on the one hand, and of the mighty march of that manufacturing progress which is producing it on the other. Holmes Hall and gardens, the residential mansion of the Earls of Effingham, passing at a cost of from £1,000 to £2,000 into the hands, first of Messrs. Walker and then of Messrs. Stubs, are now occupied by comparatively small works Costing £2O,OOO, and are entered by a portico handsome enough for a palace. - It is said that before Mr. Stubs decided on erecting his works where they are now built, he took a “Bradshaw's Guide,” and visited all the likeliest places within a radius of sixty to Seventy. miles, examining with that keen scrutiny which sagacious men exercise before deciding to lay %lp pent ty. ‘. - 687 out permanently a very large sum of money; and that having done this he decided that the Holmes site comprised more positive points of advantageous capability than any other, and thereon erected the present works. This was about one hundred years after Samuel Walker had discovered its advantages as suitable for his requirements and trade. Mr. Joseph Johnson, who had considerable flax works at Doncaster, afterwards worked the FLAX MILL which Stephen Liversidge built on the site of the Old Rolling Mill. The works were for some time successfully carried on by Mr. Percy Smith and his partners; they are now connected with the Rother Brewery. , * The Square was taken by Burdekin and Fairbairn; the latter had been one of Walkers' managers, and was called amongst his convivial companions, “Yanewitz,” from his fondness for his fiddle; he was a man of great good humour and Oddity. They continued for some years to manufacture a great variety of wrought iron goods, until the business was finally purchased by Sandford and Yates, and were added to the business conducted by them at the Phoenix Works as before stated. - Messrs. Kirk and Kidgell, at the time the Walkers gave up, commenced the Rotherham Foundry, on a plot of land below the Market Place, and on the bank of the Don, for the manufacture of stove grates; they carried on the business for some years and then disposed of it to Sandford and Yates. The CHEMICAL WORKS, WELLGATE–The foundation of this undertaking was laid by Dr. Warwick, well known for his ability in scientific research, especially in chemical investi- gations; he commenced operations in partnership with the late Mr. Aldred, in the year 18OI. The object of the manufacture at that time was the extraction of wood acid, and the application of that acid to the formation of acetates of iron, lime, and Copper; the two former were for use as mordants re-agents, the latter for colouring matter in calico printing and wool dyeing. The Turkey red dye, first introduced by Dr. Warwick, was for a long time a leading colour with the Manchester printers. r’. The inventive and scientific ability of Dr. Warwick did not, however, ensure success; he retired from the concern, which, under discouraging circumstances, was taken up by Mr. Aldred, whose steady perseverance, unwearying research, and business tact, Soon Secured a profitable result, and redeemed a heavy loss. Charcoal, first reduced to various sizes, and applied to the different uses of the Sheffield steel manufacturers by Mr. Aldred, became an important product, and a refined pyroligneous acid for the white lead houses, used in the oxidation of the blue lead, was sent out in large quantities. | Subsequently the wood spirit was separated from the other products, refined, and applied largely to the arts and manufactures. - Excepting the Welsh houses, one or two houses near London, and Mr. Abraham Windle's works at Deepcar, the establishment at Wellgate end was one of the first of its kind in the country, and though indebted for its origin to the theoretical knowledge and ingenuity of Dr. Warwick, it could not have been brought to a successful issue without the practical and sterling qualities of his successor, Mr. Aldred. It would be unjust not to record that Mr. Aldred's business talent and tact were not confined to the carrying on of his own establishment, but were exerted for many years in rendering constant, able, and very important service to the town, in the public business of which he was for many years one of the principal managers and advisers. The GLASS WORKS were established and were long carried on by Mr. William Beatson, and afterwards by the lamented Mr. Clement Beatson (since deceased). At an early period they were celebrated for the beauty of the flint glass articles produced. The CHEMICAL WORKS AT MASBROUGH, were carried on for many years by one of our most esteemed townsmen, Mr. William Beatson and his brothers, and since then by his son ; Messrs. Perrot are the proprietors of a STOVE GRATE WORKS in the same locality. Mr. Jarvis Harris a number of years since carried on a FOUNDRY AND IRON WORKS for a rough description of articles. He was a hard working and ingenious man; he resided near Kimberworth, and at one period had many visitors to see his establishment lighted by the natural gas which pervaded that coal pit district. His sons have now obtained celebrity as producing the heaviest castings for the enormous anvil blocks which are now required for iron plate and railway wheel manufacture. Mr. Joseph Aizlewood commenced the WHEATHILL FOUNDRY (somewhere near where the Alum Works once existed), which was greatly extended and successfully carried on by Redmayne and Co., and now by Mr. William Owen. Mr. George Aizlewood commenced the BATHS FOUNDRY (so called from its occupying the site of the abandoned Rotherham Baths), afterwards carried on by Mr. Henry Tomlinson, and now with vigour by Messrs. Morgan, Macaulay, and Waide [now Morgan and Waide]. 688 - 330th crijam. The MASBROUGH WoRKS (on the site of Walker's Old Steel Works), commenced by Myers and Corbitt, now William Corbitt and Co. [Limited], have established an extensive business in many leading articles of ornamental iron work, ventilating and other improved stove grates, cooking apparatus, and gas cooking stoves, hall stands, fenders, &c. { The BURTON WEIR STOVE GRATE WORKS were erected about two years since, by Messrs. George Wright and Co., contiguous to the Rotherham and Sheffield Railway; they having removed from Sheffield, where they had been established about nine years. They manufacture Wright's Patent Bivalve Stoves, and are doing a large general business. Messrs. Thomas Spencer and Sons, FILE WORKS; Messrs. Danford and Leng, ENGINE WORKS [since discontinued]; the FOUNDRY NEAR BRADGATE, belonging to Mr. William Bagnall and his son; Messrs. Badger and Son, ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTs; several POTTERIES doing a large business, are severally worthy of special notice. But as this Paper is not intended for a Directory, they can only be mentioned; and other smaller works and foundries which have lately been established, or are being established, cannot be specified; they may nevertheless some day become large ones, and may claim honourable mention from some future pen. It will be evident from the number of Stove Grate Works mentioned, that this important description of manufacture has very largely established itself at Rotherham, so far indeed as almost to become its staple trade; and as such, a graphic description of the modus operamdi of one of the large works (which to a greater or less extent will apply to all), may be given from Measom's Illustrated Guide to the Great Northern and Midland Railways: “Let a visitor, who wishes for information about metal manufactures, enter these interesting works, amidst the whirr of wheels, the roar of the furnace blast, the screech of files, the dull thud of the sledge upon the red iron, the frantic rush of the bearers of molten metal;-all appears confusion, but the most calculating order prevails. Every man knows his work, and does it. In the foundry they are lifting from the sand a handsome park-gate, or a sheet of ornamental fencing. Strewn around are countless castings for sanitary purposes, and great piles of unaccountable looking things, that all belong to some article familiar enough when put together to form a whole. The stranger notices how register stoves of every construction abound, they appear to be a great staple of manufacture here. A bit of a fender here, the case of an air-stove, the back of a chair, part of an umbrella stand there, a range, a scraper, a kitchen hot-plate, show him the sort of goods that grow into shape at these works. It will delight him to See a few pounds of pig iron of the intrinsic worth of not many pence, melted, fashioned, and manufactured, till some gorgeous fender, or elegant hat-stand, or some other piece of modern house furniture of many pounds value, is produced. He sees goods whose value lies almost wholly in their weight as mere material, and other goods, that are what they are, only after much skilled labour has been expended on them. He watches the careful casting of ormolu for stove and fender ornaments, and sees it chased afterwards. Then he admires the richness of its colour; it looks like goldsmith's work. They are taking something out of a large bath, it is a beautiful casting that has been electro-bronzed. He follows it to see what becomes of it, and finds plenty more under the finishers' hands, they cannot be distinguished from castings of bronze. “Looking into the grinding-shop he sees massive stones revolving with frightful rapidity, the workmen holding the metal surfaces against their broad edges. The turning, fitting, Springing, blacking, and finishing shops have something to wonder at in them all. The modelling department is the sanctum of the place; there the brain work is done, there the staff of artists and their assistants give their ideas a concrete shape. But it is little suspected how much patient thought and anxious effort is needed to bring to public use, in the most desirable and effective form even a stove grate, or range, or fender.” The PARK GATE IRON WORKs, established in 1823, by Mr. Charles Sanderson and Mr. Watson, of Sheffield, passing afterwards into the possession of several noteworthy individuals, have attained immense size in the hands of Samuel Beale and Co., where ponderous hammers, mighty mills, roaring furnaces, and hundreds of men all operating at high pressure, testify to the vast requirements of our iron roads; and the substitution of iron ships for the old, condemned, but still with many of the old school like myself, highly venerable, glorified, and lamented “Wooden Walls of Old England,” have now become “The Park Gate Iron Company, Limited.” These entered into possession March 31st, 1864, Samuel Beale and Co. being at that time the proprietors. The Park Gate Iron Works are situate on the Midland Railway, about a mile from the Masbrough station, and near the town of Rotherham. They consist of one blast furnace, forge, rail, plate, and merchant mills, machine shop for finishing armour plates, &c., with all the duplicate machinery, implements, &c., required in works of this large description; also a branch work for girders and boilers. The Holmes Works, belonging the company, consist of two blast furnaces, refiners, and cupolas. ğpp ent it. 689 The company have also a leasehold estate, at Frodingham, in Lincolnshire, where valuable beds of ironstone are worked, with railway sidings and rail and water communication with the works; they have also a valuable estate of fifty-three acres in the neighbourhood of Holmes Works, with considerable cottage property, both at Park Gate and the Holmes, for the use of the workpeople. The purchase money, including stock, was a little Over £2OO,OOO. The works have the great advantage of close proximity to Earl Fitzwilliam's Park Gate Colliery, from which enormous numbers of tons of coal per week are required to keep this large Concern in regular operation. [The putting down of the large colliery plant at Park Gate, by Earl Fitzwilliam, was the starting point of the introduction of heavy ironworks in the neighbourhood of Rotherham. Mr. Joshua Biram and Mr. Joseph Cooper set out the Park Gate Colliery, on October 12th, 182O. The pits were to have been sunk at another point, but in consequence of “a fault” being found, caused them to be sunk on the other side of “the fault,” where the present pumping engine is now working. This was the commencement of coal-mining on a large scale in this district. The obstruction named, seems to have to some extent limited the operations intended, as well as to have altered the site, both as to the size of the plant, which was intended to include stabling for twenty horses, with stores, carpenters' sheds, Smiths' and fitting shops, &c.; these were built, but now form the whole of the buildings connected with the “Fitzwilliam Arms,” &c. The pits, as originally planned, would have been about one hundred and fifty yards deep, and would have commanded one of the finest coalfields in Yorkshire, making available the whole of the Carr House, Aldwark Main, and perhaps Roundwood Collieries. On the death of his father, Mr. Joseph Cooper, in 1847, who had been agent for Earl Fitzwilliam for more than forty years, Thomas Cooper, Esq., now of Rose Hill, succeeded him. He begun at the beginning, at fourteen years of age, in the weigh-house, and went into the pit at sixteen, and at twenty-five managed the colliery until 1857. He had the management of the Park Gate and Elsecar Collieries, a wide range of Surveyorship, until 1870, having been in Earl Fitzwilliam's service thirty-three years. During this long period Mr. Cooper's services were frequently called in, in cases of exploring in mines, when explosions and other accidents have taken place, for which handsome testimonials have been received by him. Mr. Cooper is now a coal-master on his own account, and is still rendering at Park Gate, sometimes under not very pleasant circumstances, such public Service as his position and experience enable him to render.] It is highly to the credit of the men at Park Gate that many of them know not only how to earn large wages, but also how to make the best use of what they earn. Very many of them have comfortable dwelling-houses of their own ; they have also had for some years a good Temperance Hall, a Wesleyan Chapel, and are now about erecting a Church, and a Methodist Free Church, shewing very unmistakably that with material progress, they have the discernment and determination to provide also for that mental, moral, and religious advancement, without which a largely increasing community may be anything but a peaceful, prosperous, and happy O1162. The NORTHFIELD IRON WORKS having undergone several vicissitudes, seemed at length to have established an incontestable claim to one branch of iron manufacture new to this district, namely, anchor making. These works were established some years since for the manufacture of merchant iron, railway wheels and axles, and forgings for marine and other engines; and recently the manufacture of anchors on Captain Rodgers's patent was entered upon, and with signal success. [This prosperity was short-lived; after several severe commercial struggles, there is hope of the works being again carried on.] - The MIDLAND IRON WORKS must also be mentioned, which, after undergoing the calamity of a great explosion, and experiencing struggles and reverses, have now emerged out of them all as the “Midland Iron Company, Limited,” with every prospect of future success. And last, but not least, I have to mention the BRASS WORKS. They were commenced and continued under difficulties and discouragements, by the brothers Chrimes. Somehow or other, amongst them they hit upon an invention for a screw-down high-pressure water tap, which had eluded the experience and ingenuity of the large brass tap manufacturers of Birmingham, where hitherto this staple had had its seat. It had been a crying want for years; everyone knew that two ground metallic Substances must, with very little working, wear away. All brass cocks were made on this imperfect principle, and consequently all taps of this kind leaked very soon after being put on, but the invention of the Loose Plug Screw Down Tap, brought out by these unpractised hands, was “a perfect cure.” This may really be said to be the fulcrum by which these now large works have been raised; other singularly favourable circumstances occurring, the struggle to introduce this invention had to be undertaken. The brothers of Mr. Edward Chrimes had withdrawn from the business; Mr. Edward Chrimes was joined by Mr. Thomas Neatby, who had been manager of the Rotherham Foundry, in connection with the Effingham Works; but difficulties still crippled progress, and these were not overcome, when in July, 1847, 87 690 330th crijam. Mr. Edward Chrimes, from amidst much earnest and unwearied usefulness was called to his rest.” This sad event necessitated a complete change. Mr. Richard Chrimes came down from London, a temporary arrangement for carrying on the business was made, which eventuated in the firm of Guest and Chrimes. The favourable circumstances alluded to were these : The “Health of Towns Association” had been for some time vigorously at work, and by the Press and the Platform, information had been widely diffused on the vital question of sanitary reform; a Parliamentary committee had instituted inquiries throughout the country, and most valuable reports had been issued, culminating in the late Earl of Carlisle, then Lord Morpeth, getting a “Public Health Act” (though in a Crippled form) through the legislature. By this means towns dissatisfied with their unsanitary State and condition had an opportunity afforded them of seeking a remedy by the introduction of the Act. Mr. Beggs, who had been one of the most active and able members of the “Health of Towns Association,” and who had gone through the length and breadth of the land, spreading information on its aims and objects; became connected with the firm as its London agent, and being, of course, well acquainted with places and persons favouring these objects, he possessed great facilities for promoting the introduction of a class of patented articles peculiarly calculated for the purposes then largely required. These articles consisted of the high pressure screw down bib and stop cock before referred to, the only one at that time, which was calculated for water supply to towns at high pressure. The hydrant or fire cock, covered by the same principle as the bib cock, was supplied in enormous numbers, under a patent taken out by Bateman and Moore, which substituted a ball valve for the metal disc valve of Chrimes's patent. The introduction of this substitute for the wretched wood plug before in general use, was the beginning of a new epoch in obtaining water from street mains for extinguishing fires, so that immense property has been saved that otherwise would not have been. In due time was added “Siemen's Water Meter,” varieties of water closets, and a large class of articles and appliances were produced by the inventive and constructive ability of Mr. Chrimes, and were carefully elaborated by able assistants. These so exactly and specifically met the vast requirements which arose under these circumstances for such articles, as almost to give a monopoly into the hands of Guest and Chrimes, which they did not neglect to improve. In a mention of men connected with manufactures, it would not be just to omit the name of Mr. George Eskholme, whose mechanical skill, capacity, and resource, have from the beginning been of high value. Such has been the building up, in Rotherham, of a new and important business; for an important business it must be which distributes in wages to workmen and staff upwards of twenty thousand pounds a year, and which constitutes the largest manufacture of articles for water works in the world. I have before stated, as it might seem somewhat boldly, that this neighbourhood was foremost in the field in iron works; that I should be able to shew, that in 1865, after the lapse of seven hundred years, it continued to be so; of course there are many places in Our Country where there are much vaster developments of manufacturing enterprize and industry. Sheffield, our nearest neighbour, is notably one of them ; but I maintain that as its distinguishing and remarkable peculiarity, it has, as I believe, The largest STOVE GRATE WORKS, The largest RAILWAY WHEEL WORKS, and The largest WATER WORKS ARTICLES MANUFACTORY, in the world; and if this is not something both remarkable and honourable, I do not know what is. In Rotherham and Masbrough the weekly distribution of wages is subject perhaps to less fluctuation, that is, is less affected by the social or political disturbances of the world, than any other manufacturing district in the kingdom. The meagre records of remote or of recent events in Rotherham are not swelled by accounts of demonstrations in honour of the men, whose manufacturing energy and enterprise have made and now sustain its commercial well being; men, who by their works and by their establish-, ments, distribute something like £260,000 a year towards keeping the steam up in this town and neighbourhood. As far as I know, there has been but one instance of a real benefactor being publicly acknowledged, and that is “A record of the proceedings at the public dinner, given to Samuel Walker, Esq., at the New Town Hall, on Wednesday, the IIth October, 1826, by the inhabitants of Rotherham, and its neighbourhood, in testimony of their esteem for his character, and on his renewed personal intercourse with them, as the resident representative of his highly respected family, with whom the town and neighbourhood have for so long a period * He was a friend of whom to be proud, and his memory an intrepid asserter of human rights, his place, left vacant cherished. An earnest believer in human progress, and in the van-guard of truth, has not been since filled up. @pp ent ty. 69 I been intimately and beneficially connected :” John Fullerton, Esq., being president; Harry Thompson, and John Aldred, Esqrs., vice-presidents. Perhaps the omission of such celebrations may be charitably accounted for, by assuming that the trading inhabitants feel themselves so deeply impressed by the magnitude of the mercy, that nothing they could do would adequately express their thankfulness for it. However, be this as it may, as such testimonials are usually given, they “are more honoured in the breach than the observance;” but as having been one of this class, although one of the least of them, and knowing the trying struggles they have to encounter, the heavy strain on body and brain they have to undergo, and the harass and anxiety they have to experience as much on account of their workpeople's welfare as their own, I do contend that as a class they should be held in due, not undue, estimation; and that when charges of selfishness or rapacity are uttered against them by uninstructed and unscrupulous persons; such disparaging, and in the main, unjust aspersions, should be discountenanced by all those who ought to know better. From this discussion of Our past and present state, condition, and prospects, some lesson should be derived. Surely the material prosperity which now meets our view on every hand should call forth thankfulness, and thankfulness should evince itself in thank-offerings—good deeds. Our town is one of whose antecedents and privileges we ought to be proud, though certainly not of its present dirty state and dilapidated condition. I believe there is a desire on the part of most of those invested with authority as a Board of Health to bring about a healthier and more honourable and becoming state of things; but they will require to have the town's decided countenance and help. The markets, creditable for the period for which they were provided, are now most insufficient, unsafe, and unsavoury, and become a weekly scene of turmoil, risk, and confusion, which is at once disgraceful and dangerous; they should forth- with, as power for that purpose is now in the hands of the town, be made of a size and a character commensurate with the present and with the prospective requirements of the town. From the great multiplication of manufactures now in operation, and the thousands of hands employed at them, it is evident, that with even the greatest care, there must be multiplied cases of serious accident. When these do happen, it should not be longer permitted that the unfortunate person injured should be deprived of almost all chance of being spared to his family and friends, by having to be taken to the Sheffield Infirmary, and arriving there in such a state of exhaustion as to preclude the operation being performed, which might save his life. Surely it is not worthy of the present prosperity of Rotherham, that the matter of a hospital for the immediate reception of its injured workmen should suffer such disgraceful and protracted collapse. I hope it will not continue, but that in this and in all religious and secular beneficences, such prompt and sufficient support will be forthcoming, as will place the workmen in a position correspondingly advanced with the purse and property growth of the people and of the place. Indeed, I hold that individually, or as a community, or as a Society, Our manufacturing, com- mercial, philosophical, and Scientific pursuits, our accumulations and attainments will be of little real worth, if the highest philosophy of all be neglected, namely, the attainment for ourselves of that peace which passeth knowledge, manifested to those around us in the exhibition of a life which shall be to them amidst the troubles, perils, and temptations by which they are surrounded, a never-failing help, incentive, and example. [Since the above suggestions found utterance, it is highly satisfactory to have seen these important objects carried into effect, and that in a manner so costly and complete as to testify that manufacturing and industrial prosperity can wisely consecrate a noble portion of its wealth to humane institutions; and that the wisdom of the Council of the Corporation can make ample provision for public accommodation.] Since the above account was given, several other brass works have been established, and two of them mentioned below, successfully so, viz.: MILL MOOR BRASS WORKS, Masbrough, Mr. Wm. Heaton, manufacturing all descriptions of water works articles, cocks, bath fittings, Steam, beer, &c., cocks, of every description. EFFINGHAM BRASS WORKS, Messrs. W. H. Gummer and Co., manufacturers of high- pressure water Cocks, water fittings, bath Cocks and fittings, lavatory cocks, steam, beer, and range cocks, and every description of plumbers’ and engineers' brass works; and also The CLOUGH WORKS.–Messrs. W. H. Micklethwaite and Co., manufacturers of kitchen stoves, &c., register stoves, hat stands, and general ironfounders, form another of the works of the chief staple trade, and which Occupy nearly four acres of ground. The foundries are large and lofty, fitted up with travelling and other cranes, and other requisites for carrying on an extensive production, amounting to Seven hundred Stoves a week, with a show-room ninety-four feet by thirty feet. 692 33 otherham. RAILWAY WHEEL AND AXLE AND CARRIAGE AND WAGON WORKS.–Messrs. Harrison and Camm commenced these works in 1860, and their progress to the present time is a represen- tative instance of recent manufacturing extension in this neighbourhood. It was contemplated at the first, that one hundred and twenty men might be employed, and that about fifteen railway wagons a week might be built. But the trade gradually increased, and, in 1866, it was determined to put down a plant, in addition to the wagon manufacture, for that also of railway wheels and axles. Further developments of the business took place, until, in 1871, nearly five hundred men were employed, and the production was raised to between thirty and forty wagons, and railway wheels and axles to eighty sets per week. The wages paid during the past seven years have averaged £500 per week. The manufacture consists of railway wagons, all kinds of railway wheels and axles for locomotives, carriages, and wagons, and general engineering iron work in both wrought and cast iron. The present capacity of the works is fifty railway wagons and one hundred sets of wheels and axles per week: and the works cover five acres of ground. Mr. Robert Jenkins, MASBROUGH BOILER WORKS, commenced business on the site of the Greaves Colliery, in 1856. Up to 1861 he confined himself to the manufacture of rivetted steam engine boilers, but after that date he adopted an improved method of welding wrought iron, by which boilers weighing fifty hundred-weight or less, of every conceivable design are welded in one mass without any joints or rivets, plate iron up to three-quarter inch thick being used. This method has proved so successful, and the trade having greatly increased, they are now almost exclusively engaged in making welded boilers for kitchen ranges, hot water heating apparatus, and Small steam engines of every design, in either wrought iron or steel. Boilers that have been manufactured here are in use in Her Majesty's Navy; also at the residence of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Sandringham; and at many of the mansions, public buildings, work- houses, &c., throughout the United Kingdom; and several are in use on the Continent. The BESSEMER STEEL WORKS, Messrs. Steel, Tozer, and Hampton.—In 1559 “Two mills at the Ikkyls” are mentioned in a grant at that period, as held of the Abbey of Roche, lately dissolved. They were corn mills, and in addition to them, at the latter end of the last century this locality had seed-crushing mills, carried on by Mr. Parker; since then iron works on a small Scale have come and gone. In the rapid rise of limited liability companies, one under favourable auspices as a steel works, was formed at the Ickles, but which by some mischance collapsed, involving serious loss; eventually the works passed into the possession of the present proprietors, and in their hands it has grown into comparatively colossal dimensions. The establishment of these important works at Rotherham is an event of great importance in relation to the industrial interests of the town, and authorises the insertion of a descriptive account of their extent and manufacturing capabilities, adapted from a local paper, given below,” and which describes the power and completeness at command for accomplishing the peculiar and ponderous purposes required. - “The Bessemer department comprises thirteen cupolas, and the blast is supplied by two sets of Schiel's fans, seven feet in diameter, which revolve at the rate of one thousand four hundred revolutions per minute, and are capable of melting three thousand tons of pig iron and Spiegeleisen per week. The Bessemer converters are six in number, and can produce two thousand seven hundred and fifty tons of steel ingots per week. The principal blowing engines are a pair of vertical high pressure condensing, equal to five hundred and fifty indicated horse power. The hydraulic machinery which supplies the motive power to eighteen cranes and hoists, besides the converters, is worked at a pressure of seven hundred pounds per Square inch, and is distributed to the various parts of the works through upwards of five miles of hydraulic piping. There are six steam hammers, ranging from twenty hundred weight to ten tons each, for making steel forgings, blooms, slabs, &c. The cogging mill is driven by a vertical compound engine, equal to two hundred and sixty horse power, and is worked by a set of three-high rolls, thirty inches in diameter, capable of rolling two thousand six hundred tons of ingots per week. The rail mill comprises two high bolting and finishing rolls, which are driven by a horizontal compound engine, its capacity being equal to five hundred and fifty horse- power. The mill is reversed by an entirely new application of friction gearing, worked by hydraulic pressure, and has never been previously applied to any other steel rolling mill. The new machinery has recently been supplied by Messrs. W. and J. Galloway, of Manchester, and is working highly satisfactorily, steel rails being rolled at the rate of upwards of two thousand five hundred tons per week. Three steam circular saws are employed for dividing each rail to proper lengths and cutting off the ends. There is a very powerful shearing machine in operation, which is capable of cutting hot blooms or billets up to seven inches Square. There is also a fourteen inch bar mill, which is driven by a vertical low-pressure condensing engine. About one hundred and fifty tons per week of spring steel, wire billets, rounds, Squares, &c., were rolled in this department. Large foundry and fitting shops are erected on the premises, for " Rotherham and Masbrough Advertiser, August 23rd, 1879. 3 pp embiy. 693 making general repairs, also ingot moulds, iron and steel castings, &c. Messrs. Steel, Tozer, and Hampton, manufacture upwards of three hundred tons per week of a special quality of steel, for which they enjoy a very high reputation. This steel is made chiefly from best brands of Swedish and selected Hematite pig irons, and is used by their customers for nearly all the purposes for which crucible steel was formerly considered to be only suitable. The manufacture of steel by the Bessemer process, and the casting of the steel ingots, is of particular interest. Passing the furnaces where the ingots are re-heated prior to their being made into rails or billets, the working of ponderous engine forgings, &c., by the steam hammers, is next seen. The progress of the heated ingots from the furnaces through the various sets of rolls, the splendid machinery which is thus called into requisition, the operation of the steam saws, and the finishing processes through which each rail has to pass, the apparent ease with which the heavy masses of steel are manipulated by means of steam and hydraulic power is greatly admired. The kind of rail now being manufactured at these works is the heavy section required by the Midland Railway Company. Another very interesting process besides those alluded to is the testing of the rails. The usual test is of a ton weight falling from a height of twelve feet, but on this occasion it was increased to twenty feet, Three blows at this height only sufficed to bend the rail, without producing the slightest signs of fracture. The process of rolling and cutting up four-inch square billets, by which means a cheaper article can be made than by forging is seen.” It may be noticed that the colloquial style of these papers was adopted as being suitable for the purpose for which, as it is stated, they were written; and that they represent a portion of a period of great and general prosperity. This has been succeeded by one of great depression of trade, and its consequences, severe distress and deprivation amongst the working classes, with too much reason for apprehension of further pressure. It would have been pleasant if these pages could, at their protracted close, have been privileged to present a smiling prospect of permanent local and national prosperity and peace. This is denied, but stedfast faith endures. And although depressive gloom may deepen down on our farewell utterance, and the last historic page is as the echo of a death-knell, there remains to the sufferer and the mourner the sustaining solace and immutable refuge, “Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?” º I º J.T |TWA Wº 694 Hädtiſcrijam. 3 m ſºlemuriam, jº NOTHER tribute to departed excellence has to be paid. In pages 275–6 of this ſº volume, the List of Vicars there given concludes with the name of the Rev. William Newton, then inducted. Since that time, for a space of five years, it has been a theme of thankfulness that this wide Parish of Rotherham passed into the care of a noble-minded and tender- hearted Christian man, who also possessed ample means of carrying into effect his own broad and beneficent plans of bringing into every home and heart of his pastorate, the saving Word of Truth. Firm, unfaltering, and ever diligent in the discharge of his varied duties, as though prescient of an early call from earthly labour, the faithful and loving spirit which distinguished his demeanour, and inspired his ministration, won for him responsive love and regard, and attracted wide and willing co-operation. Under these happy influences, the long pondered problem of the restoration of the church was solved, as by general assent. The liberal and spontaneous aid of all ranks, conditions, and denominations was perhaps never before in this place so strikingly manifested. The restoration of the church as a structure, was followed by the Mission, with the yet grander object of arousing and restoring the spiritual church to a more vivid conviction of its pre-eminent privileges and Solemn responsibilities. The opening of places for preaching in the outlying districts, the enlarge- ment of the National School, and other increase of means, religiously and educationally, was effected. As president of the Rotherham Branch Church of England Temperance Society, and acting on the long recognized but neglected fact, that if men were to be won from public-houses, which presented irresistible temptations to excess, other places and counter attractions must be provided. For this purpose, Mr. Newton engaged the Bank premises in Wellgate, and converted them into a comfortable cocoa-house, with such signal success, as an experiment, as encouraged him to proceed further in the same direction. It must be recorded of this, as the first workman's public-home in Rotherham, that although it may presently, as such, pass away, yet that it did its initial work, with most satisfactory success. The erection of St. George's Hall followed. This noble pile of buildings, erected at a cost of upwards of £6,000, will, it is trusted, ever remain an enduring monument of the munificent public spirit and Christian concern evinced by Mr. Newton, in devising and carrying out plans, at once so philanthropic and practical, for promoting the welfare of the working classes. They have here for their special use as large and lofty rooms as in a gentleman's club-house, combining means for refreshment and recreation, for enjoyment or improvement, which all can share, without riot and without risk, and which by the thoughtful of them must be appreciated as an inestimable boon. This obituary notice is simply a recital of facts in connexion with the brief but beautiful course of life permitted to the late vicar. Any laudatory allusion to his good deeds would be an insult to his revered memory. His ample worldly means he freely dedicated, as a high privilege, to his Master's service, to the amount of some thousands of pounds. He was here, in God's good providence, to do a peculiar and important work, and he did it; and his limited sojourn bore the affluent outcome of a long life. How dread was the consternation, and wide and deep the lamentation, on the hearing of that sad, sad accident at Barrells Park, which too soon proved fatal, will not be forgotten. And now, although even denied the solemn solace of his sepulchre amongst us, yet his memory will be tenderly enshrined in many loving hearts until they cease to beat. Such was the friend we lov’d so well; Such were the hopes which Heav'n denied. We loved—but ah! we could not tell How well—how dearly—till he died. 3 mility. The several modes of spelling names are generally included under one heading, The letter “N’’ after a number denotes that the subject will be found in a note. A Abbot of Beauchief, Iog. — of Clervaux, 26. of Roche, g. — of Rufford, 20, 23, 24, 29. -s claims Free Warren in Carlootes, 29. claims Free Warren in Rotherham, 29. Abdy, 7, II, 628. Abstract of Dorothy Taylor's Will, 174. Ackworth, 605. Acun, I7, 18, 26. Ad Fines, 5, 9, Io, II, 13, 595,613,615. Addewicks, William de, 30. Advowson of Rotherham Church, The King’s Writ as to, 33. Adwick-upon-Dearne, 6, 7, 31, 32,621. “Age of Reason,” 493, 674. Agricola, Julius, 593, 599. Ailred of Rivaulx, Ig. Ainsty, I23. Ainsworth, 456. Airedale College, 466. Albemarle, Earl of 20, 673. Aldam, Robert, 366. Aldington, 82. Aldis, Rev. J., 468. Aldred, Rev. J. T. F., on Rotherham Church, 49, 64, 643 N. — Rev. Eben., 456. John, 456. Aldwark, IO4, 508, 527, 540, 572, 605, 640, 64I, 642. — Oil Manufactory at, 682. Allard, William, 456. Allerton, Robert, 71. Alleyn, Sir E., 171. Almeton, 28. Almondbury, I2O. Alverton, 8. Alynson, William, I2O. Ambrosius, 621, 668. Amiens, 91. Anderson, Chief Justice, 375. Andover, 661. Ankered, John, I26. Anston, South, 61 I N, 630. “Antiquities of Salisbury and Bath,” QO. Antonine Itinerary, I2, 595. Antonine's Wall, 599. Antoninus Pius, 599. Appleton, I23. Apportus, 37 N. Aquae, 605. Aquitani, 607, 8. Archbishop Boothe, go N. Archdale, John, 360. Arms and Armour, 72. Arnold, Rev. James, 468. Arundel, Thomas, Earl of, 171. and Surrey, Earl of, g3. Rev. John, 462. Asenton, Thomas de, 28. Ashmead, Rev. Joseph, 468. Aslabie, William, 418. Assebyri, Thomas de, 30. Aston, 8, 36, 375, 527. Rectory, 670. Athorpe, Colonel, 529. Aton, Gilbert de, 33, 34. Attercliffe, 272, 453, 454, 460, 603, 605, 675. Atwood, 88. Audley End, 171. Aughton, 337. Augusta, Peter de, 20. Austerfield, 4, 13. “Aveling’s History of Roche Abbey,” quoted 9, 597. Avenemue, 26. “Axe Jacky,” 289. Aylesbury, 467, B Badger, Mrs., 329. Mr. Benjamin, 5 IO, 587. Mr. S. W., 381. Bagshawe, Thomas, 76. Bagshaw, Mr., 456. Bailey Hill, 9. Baines, Edward, junr., 465. “Bakehouse, Lord's, 65, 355.” Baker, Mr., 89 N, 95 N, I69. Bakester, Hugh, 38. Bakewell, 479. Balby, 605. Bamford, 606. Banaster, William, 28. Banbury, I2O. Banks, Joseph, 282. Baptist Church, 467. Barbar, Thomas, 366. Barber, James, 459 N. Balk, 6, 616. Barbotes, Thomas, 25. Barbot, John, 39. Barbott Hall, IO4. Thomas, IO4. Bardsley, Mr., 480, 481. Bardwell on “Ancient and Modern Temples,” quoted 54. Mr., 539. Barevill, Thomas de, 30. Barge, Mr., 569. Barker, Rev. P. C., 467. Barking, Abbess of, 20. Barleboroughe, 8. Barley, Thomas, 374. Hall, 475. Barloo, Charles, 77. Barmbrough, 26. Barnbrough, 628. Barne Bishop, I69. Barneby, Francis de, 38. Barnes Hall, IO2, 486 N. Barnsley, 365 N, 459, 479, 5 Io, 613. — Coal, 627. — Wm., 284. Baron, Richard, 455. $º- Works by, 455 N. Barrells Park, 694. Barrow and Co., Messrs., 570. Bartholomew, C., Esq., 682. Barton, William, 83. Barwicke, Mr. R., 357, 359. Bashforth, Mr. Francis, 675 N. Bassingthorpe Spring, 509. Bastard of Burgundy, I69. Bate, John, 39. Baths Foundry, 687. Battie, Reuben, 477. Batty, Mr., 284. Bawtry, IO3, 578. Baxter, Mr., I2. • Richard, 454 N. Bayley, Mrs., 473. Bayliffe, Thomas, 273. Rev. George, 273. Baynes, Thomas, 374. Bayswater, 522. Bayte, Robert, 77. Beale, Samuel, and Co., 688. Beatson, Messrs., 682. Beaumont, Henry, 37. Bechum, Ralph de, 28. Beckett, Alice, 97. Sir Edmund, 326. Beckwith, Mr., 55. — Colonel, 674. - Josiah, 675. Bede, 54, 64. Bedford, g7, 165. Beecroft, Butler, and Co., Messrs., 570, 57.I. Beekes, Antony, 24. Beggs, Mr., 690. Beighton, 4, II, 605. Bellamy’s, Mr., Bequest, 287. Trusts, 640. Bellew, William de, 27. “Bell-Ekes,” Igo. Bell, Mr. James, 329. Bells, The, 303. Cost of New Peal of, 305. — Mr. S. Clark’s address on behalf of a new peal of, 3O4. Peals rung on, 303. Bennett, Rev. James, 463, 464, 465, 468. - Benson, Thomas, 361, 374. Bentham, Rev. J., 55. Bentley, Robert John, 671. Bercar, Adam, 39. Berneslay, John de, 40. Bertram, Charles Julius, 595. Berwick-in-Elmet, II. Besborough, Earl of, 528 N. Bessemer Steel Works, 692. Beverley, go, I23, 450. Bibbs, Mr., 284. Bickerton, Jane, 296, 669. — Robert, I7I. Bilton, I2O. Thomas, 322. Bingley, Mr. John, 209. Miss, 456. Bintclyff, Robert, 374. Binton Graunge, 8. Biram, Mr. Joshua, 689. Birch-wood, 7. Birdswold, 599. Birdwell Common, 365 N. Birkett, Rev. Benjamin, 346. Birks, Mr. Samuel, 472. Edward, Esq., 634. Birlay, John, 36. Birley Moor, II. 628. - Birmingham, I2. Birtrik, Lancelett, 76. Bishop Alcock, 91, 98. Auckland, 460. of Bath, 27, 91 N, I64. *w- of Beverley, 587. 88 698 330th crijam. Bishop of Bristol, 93. of Carlisle, 32. — Chedworth, go. — of Chichester, J., 33. — of Durham, Ioo, I64, 385. — of Ely, 83, 91. Fox, go. * Godwin, go, g1. Gray, 91. — Hopkins, IoA. — of Lincoln, 89, 94, 95, 164. — of London, R., 33. — of Lychfield, 32. Percy’s MS., 64I N, 665, 666. Pursglove, I21. of Rochester, 89 N. Smyth, go. of Worcester, W., 33, 164. Wren, 89 N. Bishop's Thorpe, 97, 450. Bittern, Io, 595. Black-burn, 5, 6, IO3. Blackburn, 615. — Lanc., 464, 467. Valley, 615. Black Death, 40. Blackley, Thomas, 273. Blake, Sir F., 171. Blaker, Thomas, 77. Blast Furnaces at the Holmes, 683. Blazeby, Rev. William, 456, 470, 602. Blida, Sir Roger de, 2I, 34. Blecheley, 93, 94. Blomefeild, Mr., 88. Blythman, Mr. Justice, I28. Boat Accident, 672. Bocler, John, 36. Bodele, Ig. Boden, Rev. James, 462. Bodleian Library, 21, 276. Letters from the, quoted I2. MS., 185 N, 186 N. Bogue, Dr., 463,464. Bokyng, John, I22. *º-º-º-º-º-º Will of, I25. Bolle, John, 25. Sir John, 665. Bollom, Robert de, 70. Bolome, John, 52. Bolsterstone, 608. Bolton, 384, 670. Rotherham, 675. Bonner, William, 374. — Richard, 361, 374. —— Rev. Henry, 468. Boomer, Benjamin, 354. Boon, Mr. 480. Booth, Mr., 488. Robert, Ioo. Boothby-Pannel, 339. Boothroyd, Dr., 454 N. Borcovicus, 599. Boston Castle and Rotherham Park, 58, 558, 570, 57I, 572, 629. — “Christian Watchman,” 685. (U.S.A.), 685. Bosvile, Mr., 665, 674. Boswell, Mr., 453. Botoner’s “Annales Rerum Angli- canarum,” quoted 89 N. Bourchier, Cardinal Thomas, I62. Bowbridge (Rotherham), 58. Bower, Henry, Esq., 522. John, 282. Bowett’s, Archbishop, Register, 51. Bowring, Sir John, 513. Bowsterton Chapell, 8. Bradfield, I, I.3, 449, 45IN. Bradford, I2. Bradgate, 616, 618. Bradwell, 479. Braithwaite’s “Barnabae Itinerarium,” quoted 362, 569. Braithwell, 675. Brakes, Henry, 35. Brameld, Mr. Thomas, 62o. Brampton, 8, 36, 450. Brampton-Bierlow, 481, 615, 62o. Bramwith Ferry, 8. Branton, Ig. Brass Works (Guest and Chrimes) 689 Bray, John de, 30. Braythewell, 37, 82. Bread, Price of, temp. Edward VI., 355. Breckhull, Henry, 82. Bremenium, 596. Brereley, Richard, 37. Brereton, Sir W., Diary referred to, I66. Brettell, Rev. Jacob, 456, 672. Works by, 456. Bretton Hall, 8. Brierley, 613, 614. Brigantes, I, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13, I4, 593, 6I4, 615. Brightonlegh, John de, 38. Brightside, 5, I2, 615. Brimesford, 37. Brincliffe Edge, 626. Brindley and Foster, 312. Brinsworth 9, II, 473, 592, 598, 604, 629, 667. — Grange, 614. Bristol, 365 N, 457 N, 460. Britanniarum, Dux, I2. British Museum, I26, 449, 606. Brittany, John de, Earl of Richmond, 32. Briwer, W., 27. Broadbent, Thos., 459 N. Broadley, John, 449. Brodebent, Ric., 77. “Brog,” 62o. Brom, Robert del, 35. -Henry del, 25, 35. Brompton, 20. Brook, Thomas, 283. Broomhead, Mr., 606, 607. Hall, I3, 606. Brough, 5, 605, 606, 612. Broughton, Spence, trial of, 44I. Brown, Rev. George, 462. Browne’s “History of the Metro- politan Church of St. Peter, York,” quoted I29, 130 N, IS2 N. Bruce, Rev. R., 466. Bruce's, Dr., “Lapidarium Septen- trionale,” quoted 606. Brus, Peter de, 27. Bryce, Thomas, 449. Buck, Samuel, Esq., 209. Mr., 288. — Rev. James, 468. Captain, 674. Buck’s “Life of Richard III.,” quoted 93. Buckden, 95. Church, 340. Buckingham, Duke of, I62. Buckler’s “Remarks upon Way-side Chapels,” quoted I29. Bull of Pope Innocent VI., 277. Bunyan, John, 348. Burbeary, James, 500 N. Burgh, John de, Ig. Serlo de, Ig. Thomas de, 34. Burgton, Ig. Burke's “Romance of the Forum,” quoted, 666 N. Burland, John Hugh, 5, 613. Burnley, Thomas, Esq., 465. Mr. Arthur, 524. Burroughs, Richard, I73, I74, 360. Burton, Ig. * Rev. Richard, 284, 346. – Weir Stove Grate Works, 688. Bury, 456, 466. Abbey of 98. Bury Thorpe, 455. Butcher, Mr., 3I2. Buxton, 4, 605. Byerley, Richard, IO3. Byrelawmen, Accounts of 360, 36I. Bynny, John, 38. C Cadeby, II. Cadington, 88. Caesar, 2, 3, 4. Caius, John, 90. Thomas, 90. Calamy, Dr., 339, 343, 452, 453. Caldebeck, Ig. Caldewell, 32. Caley, &c., I33. Calixte IV., 93. *s Cambridge, 88, go, 93, I23, I32, I34, 136, I65, I7I, 64I. St. Nicholas College, Property confirmed to, 37. Camden’s “Britannia,” quoted I, 2, 7, 12, 126, 143, I65, I66, 597, 6O6. Camden Society, IOI N. Camm Brothers, 327. Campain, Henry de; 20. Campbell, Dr., 466. Campbell's, Lord, “Lives of Lord Chancellors of England,” quoted II9, I62. Campsall, 89 N. Cane, Mr. Henry, 55, 317. Canefield, Ig. Camhou, Walter de, 24. Canklow Lydgate, 38 I. Bridge, 592. Canne, John, 45I. Canterbury, 84, I2O. — Archbishop of 36,90, I62. Cantilupe, William de, 23, 27. Cantley, 48O. Capylwoode, Edith, 77. Edom, 80. — Ric., 77. Carausius, I2. Carbrook, 629. Carlecotes, 28. Carlisle, Earl of, 67I. Carlingford, Lord, 520. Carnebull, Henry, 76, I31, I32, I44, *mºmsº tºº-sºm-º-º-º: 322. Carr House, 80, 81, I74. Nicholas, 366. William, 374. Carter, Edmund, I2O. Cartnel, 45I. Carver, Rev. Edward, 527. Cash (N. B.), 171. Castleford, 5, 612, 613, 614. Castle Holms, 618. Cataphractrarian Horse, 9. Catenay, 20. Catcliffe, 36, 592. Cawood, 34, 97, I29, 452. Cawthorne, 8. Robert, 366, 374. Caxton, I34. Cayton, Ig. g Certaine Orders of Lord Francis Talbot as to Crop- ping Fields, 356. Mr. Barwick’s opinion thereon, 357, 359. Mr. Hutton's opinion thereon, 358. “Certificates of Colleges and Chan- tries,” 74, 76 N, I47 N. Chambers, B. E. C., Esq., 467. — G. Wilton, Esq., 587. — Mrs., 587. Champaigne, 24, 26, I70. Chancery Inquisitions, I64 N. Chantries, Dissolution of 74. 3 mily tº . 699 Chantry of the Holy Cross, License to found, 70, 80, 81, 82. Chapel-on-the-Bridge, I25. Chapeltown, 479. Chappell, William, 449. Chappeman, William, 38. Charinge, 82. “Charity Decrees,” 637. Charlecotes, 80. Charlton, Rev. J. M., 467. Charter of Edward I., 22. — of Edward IV., 170. — of Henry I. to Eustace Fitz John, Ig. —— of Incorporation granted, 573. — of John de Builli, 583. — of Markets, 32, 33. — of Richard de Builli, 582. — of Richard de Luvetot, 581. —— Rolls, 26 N, 27 N, 28 N, 32 N, 33 N, 36 N. — of Rotherham Landes, 37I. Chatsworth, 385. Chaucer, 67, I45, 379 N. Chedworth, Jo., 89 N. Chelmsford, 340. Chemical Works, 687. Cheshunt College, 466. Chester, Ig, 27. Earl of 20 Little, 613. Chesterfield, 5, II, I2, 309, 384, 385, 479, 604, 605. >. Chetham Society, Remains, I66. Chiltons, Ig. Chorography of Ravenna, 595. Chrimes, Brothers, 570. Mr. Edward, 689. Mr. Richard, 381, 690. Common “Chronicles of London Bridge,” quoted 496. Church, Architectural description of, 298. —— Clock, 325 - —— Faculty for, 279, 280, 281, 282, 3I5. “Ley,” 191. Restoration Committee, 313. Spire struck by lightning, 309. Churchwarden’s Accounts, I87, 289, 290, 292, 293. Answer for town and parish of Rotherham to Court of York at Doncaster, “Correc- tions,” I’75. ——— Assessment, 204, 2Io. —— called upon to raise men for Army and Navy, 288. Book of Minutes, Extracts from, I'73. Churchyard, Corner of, decided to be taken down, 287. enlarged, 287, Chymyage Money, 379, 380, 406. Ciaconius, “Vitae Pontificum Roma- norum,” quoted 93. Cirencester, 613. — Richard of, 5, 9, Io, 595. Cistercian Order, 29. Clapham, Reginald de, 277. Clarell, William, 641. Clarells of Aldwark, 169. Clarence, Duke of, I64. Clark, Rev. David, 468, Mr. G. T., 603. — Miss Jane, 670. — John, 282, 524. — on Benefactions, 208. Mr. Samuel, 485, 683. Clark's MSS., 208. Clarke, George, 459. Rev. Thomas, 466. *-*. Clarkson, Simon, 73, 74. Claudius, Emperor, 2. Clausentum, Io. Clayton, Luke, 203, 378, 397, 399, 452, 453. License to to, 399 N. —— William, 203, 287. Hugh, 77. Clayworth, 475. Clere, Roger de, 20. Clervaux, Abbot of, 20, 25, 26, 37. Clifford, Thomas de, 37. — John, 23. — Thomas, 23. Roger de, 35. Close Rolls, 584 N. Clough Works, 691. Coal Measures, 623, 624. Cock, Thomas, 360. Cockey Moor, 456. Cocus, John, 39. Coins, Roman, 4, 5, 602. Cole, IO4. Cole’s MS. of the Antiquities of Cambridge, 88, 89, 98 N, 333. Coleridge, Hartley, 67I. College of Jesus, IO5. —— Grants to, I47. — Statutes of, Ioff. New Congregational, 466. “College Inn,” 355. Colleye, 36. Collier, Rev. Charles, 661. Collier’s “Ecclesiastical quoted 133. Collyns, Anthony, 80, 366, 417. Colte, John, 77. Command to persons able to lend money, plate, or horses, for the King, 203. Combworth, 8. Commission issued by Anne, 639. º as to Charities, issued by James I, 638. issued by Richard Crom- well, 638. Commines, Ph. de, “Chronique and Hystoire,” quoted gr. Commodus, 9. “Common Butts,” 385. Conisbrough, 4, Io, I2, I4, I5, 25, 82, 578, 627, 630, 667, 668. —— Castle, I4, 25, 605. — Cliffs, 5. Constables and Overseers of the Poor, Preach *mº. ººº-º-º-º: History,” 424. Constables’ Accounts, 435. Constantine, I2. Constantius, I2. Conyers, W. H., Esq., 467. Coo, William, 38. John, 77. Cooke and Fothergill, 675. Coombe Moss, 4, 594. Cooper, IO4. —— Mr. Joseph, 689. Coote, Thomas, Esq., 467. Copenhagen, 595. Copie of Mr. Thomas Lilly's Wille devising Lands to the Com- mynalty of Rotherham, 377. Copley, Sir Godfrey, 424. Sir Joseph, II, 48, 667 N. Coppleyfeld, 37. Corker, Joseph, 286. “Cornhill Magazine,” quoted, 666. Cornwall, Earl of, 27. Cortwood, 619. Cottingham, R. de, 32. Cotton MS., Iob N, 581, 582. Coupland, Mr. John, 480, 682. Court Leet, 349, 350. Cowell’s “Law Dictionary,” quoted I47 N. Cowen, William, 296,674, 679. Cowley Stream, 8 Cox, J. Charles, “Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire,” quoted I2 I N. Crancumbe, John de, 21. Crane Moor, 458. Crawley, John S., I65, I66. — Sir Francis, I65. — Becke, 8. Cread, Talbot, 166. Creppinges, John de, 30. Cresewyk, Henry de, 39. Crespigny, Sir Claude Champion de, 662. Cressevyll, Adam de, 25, 38. Cressingham, Hugh de, 29. Crich, 403. Criminal Chronology, 438, 44I N. Cromwell, John de, Io9. . Protector, 397, 45I, 454, 459, 460. — Thomas, 212. Crookes, 8. Crosbie, Rev. William, 466. Crossley, John, Esq., M.P., 466,467. Crowder, Joseph, 208. -, Crowther, Mr. Joseph, 480, 481. John, 481. “Croyland, History of,” 91 N, 163. Cruce, William de Santa, 30. Crumleigh, 450. “Cucking Stool,” 66, 365. Cumberland, 597. Cunnesden, Nicholas de, 39. — John de, 39. Cutclose, Thomas, 77. Cutforthaigh, John, 374. Cuthforthey, Mr., 283, 527. —— Mr. Robert, 525. Cutler, Mr. Robert, I2O. William, 77. “Customary" of the Town of Rother- ham, 359, 364. —— Mills, 35I. Cutthorpe Hall, 450. D Dacre, Edmund de, 31, 33. Dalton, 80, 2II, 573. Henry de, 28. — John, del Hill de, 25, 35. —— Laurence de, 39. —— Parva, 629. — Deign, 508, 509. Brook, 571, 572. Danes Bank, 7. Danum, 5, I2, I4. Danus, I. Darbe, I2. Darcy, Lord, 375. Darfield, 365 N, 5II. Darton Warde, 8. Darwent, Mr., 524. Daventry, 456. Davies, Dr., 462. Davison, John, 488, 526, 679. Davis’s “Extracts from the Municipal Records of York,” quoted Ioo. — Frederick, “History of Luton,” quoted 165 N, 166 N, 167 N. Dawe, Robert, 80. Dawson, Thomas, 366. Fold, 460. Dayvil, John de, 23. — Thomas de, 23. Dean, John, 76. Dearne, The River, 8. and Dove Canal, 5, 7, 62o. Decree for the Revyving of the Rotherham Grammar School, 367. as to Properties at Wickersley and Marr, 416. 7oo 330th crijam. Decree in the Exchequer, 416 N. Deed of Gift to Grammar School, 343. Deep Car, 626. Deer Parks, 44o. Stealing, Prosecution for, 440. Defoe, Daniel, 538. Delgovitia, 596. Denaby, 577. Main, 621. Denham, 287. Denton, 342. Denudation, 625. Depositions from the Castle of York, 438. Derbentio, 613. Derby, 479, 604. Derfelde, 8. Derman, Thomas, 77. Derule, William, 77. Derventio, 596. Derwent, Mr., 127, 128. Mr. C., I74. River, 606. Despenser, Hugh le, 32. Dewsbury, 309. Dibdin, 530. Dickenson, Ellen, 353. — Mrs. Bridget, 425. “Dickey Lodge,” 66. Dickinson, Mr. Benjamin, 467. Mr. William, 425, 450. Dio, 3. Diodorus Seculus, 3. Dip Slopes, 625. Dixon John, Esq., 662. Dobington, 97. Dobuni, 613. Dodds, Mr. Isaac, 684. Dodinge, Miles, 82. Dodsworth, MS., 21, 22, 260, 261, 643, 668. Docford, Ig. Doley, 8. Dolychemis, Jupiter, I2. Domesday Book, I5, 17, 46, 55. Don, The River, I, 4, 5, 7, 8, Io, II, I2, I3, I4, I5, I7, 58, 66, IO3, IO4, IO5, I27, 354, 537, 577, 593, 599, 605, 608, 612, 613, 614, 62.I, 668 Doncaster, I, 4, 5, 8, IO, II, I3, I7, I8, 41, 48, 54, 81, IO4, I28, 468, 479, 480, 522, 572, 668. John of, 28. Donelly, Captain, 573. Donke, William, 276, 277. Dore, 456. Doughtie, Rob., 340. Dowe, Robert, 77. Downes, Mr., 209. Mr. Thomas, 528 N. Downing, Edmund, 82. Drabble, Benjamin, 487. “Dragon of Wantley,” 626, 664. Drake, John, 282. Mr. I29, I2O. Drake’s “Antiquities of York,” quoted 88 N, 90, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98. Drar, 8. Drayton’s “Polyolbion,” I, Io, 668. Drew, Joseph, 353, 354. Driffeld, Robert de, 39. Driffield, g4. Dronfield, 8, 468. Druidism, 4. Drury, Nigel, 25. Ducking Stool, 365. Duclos's “History of Louis XI.,” quoted 91. Dugdale’s “Baronage,” quoted Ig. — “Chronica Series,” quoted 9I, 92; 93. * “History of Imbanking and Drayning,” quoted 537. Dugdale’s “Monasticon Anglicanum,” quoted 23 N, I3ON, I33, I70 N, 581, 583. “Origines Juridiciales,” quoted 91. Durham, 33, 459, 460, 519. — Archdeacon of, 24. Mr. John, 61 I N. Durocornovium, 613. Dymock, Rev. Canon, I29 N. E. Exchequer Decrees, 351 N, 353 N, 354 N. — Q. R., Miscellanea parcel, I52 N. Executions at York, 44I. Eyam, 480. F. “Early English Text Society,” 69 N. — Ecclesiastical Local Records, I'72. --- cºnwardens Account in the possession of Feoffees, I77. Earnshaw, Rev. Samuel, 675. Easingwold, I23, East, Mr. 325. Eastwood, I7I, 209, 275, 296, 453, 539, 569, 577. Mr. T. S. B., 375, 440, 661, 662. — Rev. J., I29 N. Eastwood's, Rev.J., “History of Eccles- field,” quoted 9, 337. Eaton, John, 353, 354. Eboracum, 5, Io, 596, 613. Ecclesfield, 5, 8, 36, 38,80, IO2, 381 N, 400, 449, 464, 479, 594, 64I, 642. — Churchwardens pawn the Bible for means to have a bear-bait, 675 N. Eckington, 8, 522. Edenestowe, Henry de, 33. Edmonds, Mr. Justice, I28. Edmund, William, 32. Edmunds, Mr., 424. Edwards, Rev. Mr., 458. Eedes, Dr., 362. Effingham, 6,666. — Earl of, IO3, I7I, 172, 271, 272, 273, 283, 302, 322, 327, 338, 488, 527, 656. —— Countess of, 302. ——— Works, 684. — Brass Works, 691. Egerton, Mrs., 642. Electric Telegraph Company, 675. Ellerton, Ig. Ellingham, Ig. Elliott, Mr., 470. Robert, 506. Ebenezer, IO2 N, 456, 459, 505, 548, 680. Ellis, Sir H., g2 N, IOI N. — Mr., 287. Ellis's Sir H., “Introduction to Domes- day, quoted 18 N. Ellyot, Robert, 636. Elmhirst, Dr., Igl, Ig4. Elwike, Ig. Ely, g8, 571. Rev. J., 465. Emcus, Will., 39. Epworth, 475. Equites Cataphractariorum, 598, Ermyn Street, 5,597. Errington, Captain Francis, 342. Escarpments, 625. Escoland, Geffrey, Ig. Eskholme, Mr. George, 524, 690. Essex, Earl of, 82. Evangelical Magazine referred to, 457. Everett, Rev. James, 476. History of Methodism in Sheffield, quoted 457 N, 458, 47I, 479. Everingham, Adam of, 28. Eustace, Fitz-John, I8. Vicar of Rotherham, I5, 70 N. Faculty to remove the Old Seating in Church, &c., 279. — to take down the Old and assign the new Seating, 280. — to take down an Old Loft, 281. — to Erect an Organ Loft, 282. — for Restoration of Church, 3I5. Fairfax, Lord, 450, 45I. *mºmºmºmºmºmºsº His order to Garrison Rotherham, 396. Sir C., Ig N. Fairford, 456. Fairleigh, 165. Falding, Rev. F. J., 449, 466, 468. Fane, Sir Francis, 375. Farr, Nancy, 508, 509. Farrar's “Life of Christ,” referred to, 602 N. “Fastening Penny,” 389. “Faults,” 625. Featherstone, 605. Feild, Walter, 89. Feldishend, William, 74. Fenells, 97. Fenton, Colonel, 670. Feoffees, Abstract of Accounts of, Annotated, 382. Charity School, 417. Masters of, sm-s-s-s-s-º 42I, 422. Extracts from Minute Book of, 4 Io. The, of the Common Lands of Rotherham, 365. The, of the Common Lands of Rotherham, Letters of Sir Robert Heath to, 375. Fernefield, John, 36. Fevre, Hugh le, 3.I. Findern, 456. “Fifteenths,” 371 N. Filey, 596. Fimber, 596. Finch, Mrs., 473. Finchey, 82. Fine for “Not wearyninge of Cappes," 389. Firbeck, 387, 453, 539, 669. Hall, 375. Firgelande Hall, 8. Fisher, Mr., 453. Rev. M., 468. Fishlake, 8. Fitzamond, Richard, 70. Fitz-Nigel, William, 19. Fitzwilliam, Earl of, 6, IO, 329, 475, 527, 679, 689. — Museum, 64I N. —— Sir Richard, IO4. Sir Thomas, Grant to,642. Thomas, 64.I. Flavia Caesariensis, 613, 6I4. Flaxman, 498. Flax Works, Masbrough, 687. Fleche, Phillip, 77. Fledburgh, John, 70. — Simon de, 277. “Flesh,” Cost of, for Relief, 386. Fletcher, Mr., 6. Rev. Dr. Joseph, 464. Rev. R, , 465. Flodden Field, 64I. Fludd, Thomas, 82. Fold, Le, 35. Folenfamit, Ingram, 30. Foljambe, Mr., 209, 453. — Cecil G. Savile, Esq., 328. 3) mit tº . 7o I Foljambe Family MS., account of,642. — Francis, Esq., 527. Francis J. Savile, Esq., M.P., 642. John, 284. Mr. Joseph, 539. — Sir Godfrey, 64.o. Foljambeana, Monumenta, 642 N. Folkingham, Frere William de, Iog. Fordingbridge, g8. Forster’s “Life of Sir John Eliot,” quoted, 673. Fortescue, John, 4 N. Fossard, Nigel, 17, 18. — William, 18, 20. Foster, Thomas, 66. Mr. Joseph, 598. Fowler, Rev. J. T., 682. Fowlston, Ann, 481. Fox, Rev. Edwin, 275. Foxholes, 28. Frankland, Richard, 460. — Mr., 453. Frassel, Hugh, 23, 27. Freeman and Sons, Messrs., 57.I. French Protestant Refugees, Sub- Scription for, 175, 176. Frisians, 607, 608. Frodingham, 689. Fuller, Mr., 461. Fuller’s “Church History,” quoted 95. Fullerton, T. Gray, Esq., 599. — John, Esq., 691. Fullgham, Mr. Godfrey, 384, 385. Furnivall, Gerarde de, 22. — Thomas de, 23, 27, 31, 36. William, 23. G Gad's Hill, 666 N. Gainsborough, 45I N, 456, 475. Galloway, Messrs. W. and J., 692. “Gallows, Right of,” 47. Tree Hill,” 27, 669. Gannister Coal, 623. Garrye, Roberte, 366. Gates, Rev. W. J., 467. Gatty, Dr., 4 N. Gaul, 2, 3. Geach and Co., 683. Gee, Robert, 450 N. Gell, Sir John, 396. General View of the Agriculture of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 539. “Gentleman's Magazine,” quoted 608. Gernum, Ralph, 27. Gibson, Bishop, 597. Gibson’s “Codex,” 197. Giggleswick, 460. Gilbert, Rev. Joseph, 462, 465. Mrs., 465. “Gild of the Holy Cross,” 69. Returns, 69 N, Gildas, 54. Gill, Edward, 174. Gillott, John, 77. Gilthwaite, 37, 337. Girlington, Sir William, 639. Gisburn, Priory of, 122. Gledles, 8. Glossop, Mr. W., 66, 683. — Rev. W., 465. Gloucester, Duke of, 92, Io9, 162. Earl of, I5, 27, 33. Godstone Rectory, 528. Godwin, 88, 9o, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96. “De Praesulibus Angliae,” quoted 94. Godwin’s, Bishop, Bishops,” quoted 133. Goodmanham, 596. Gosport, 463,464. Gotham, John of, 22, 31. — Philip de, 31. “Catalogue of . Gough, R., I26, 166. John, 82. Gouldthorpe, 8. Grammar School, 331. *-a-mºmºrs List of Masters, 347. Decree for reviving, 334, 367. Mr. Iveson's Bill for obtaining decree, 336. Rents reserved for, by Patent, 368. — Deed of Gift to, 343. Grant of Lordship of Rotherham and Abbey of Rufford to the Earl of Shrewsbury, I70. — of Queen Elizabeth to Rother- ham, 365. Mr. Charles Mitchell, 676. Gratham (? Grantham), Richard de, 27. Greasbrough, 5, 6, IO4, 2II, 605, 614, 616, 617, 627. ——— Document relating to Ancient Chapel at, I'76. am-m-mºrmº-º-º-ºamº -º Hunter’s Account of, 587. . . . — Mineral Spring near, 589 Great Houghton, 605. Great Stainton, 46O. Greatwood, Thomas, 353. “Greaves of our Lady’s Lights,” 71, I25, 365. “Greaves of our Lady's Lights,” Accounts of Richard Ellys and Robert Nailler, 72. “Greaves of our Lady's Lights,” Accounts of William Banks and John Oldham, 73. “Greaves of our Lady’s Lights,” Accounts of Robert Howe and John Walker, 73. “Greaves of our Lady’s Lights,” Accounts of Robert Dowke and John Dickenson, 73. “Greaves of our Lady’s Lights,” Accounts of Thomas Richardson and John Youll, 73. Greaves of the Comontie, 365. — Samuel, 459 N. Green, Joseph, 7. Mr. Charles, 498. Mr. William, 472, 473, 475, 476, 477, 479. Professor, 622. Green's “Short History of the English People,” quoted I46. Greenmoor Rocks, 623. Greenstreet, Mr., 45 N. Greenwood, John, 36. — Thomas, 354. — Mr. Parsons, 479. Gregg, John, 361. Grenehill, Robert de, 39. Grene, John of the, 39. Greno School, 500 N. Grenoside, 487. Rocks, 623. Gresbrook, Io, II, 24, 35, 77, 78, 80. Grey, Lord, I66. Reginald de, 27. Greybern, Mr. William, I2O. Grimsby, 475. Grimshaw, Rev. William, 474. Grindleford Bridge, 480. Grose, I22. Grosvenor, Dr., 460. Grove, I2O. - Rev. Thomas, 459, 508. Gudale, Will., 39. Guernsey, 464. Guest and Chrimes, Messrs., 325, 569, 690. Gummer, W. H. and Co., 691. Gunno, 8. Gunthwake Hall, 8. Gunton's “History of the Church of Peterborough,” quoted 95 N. Guortimer, 621. - Gurrye, Robert, 374. Guyse, Dr., 461. Gylborne, Nicholas, 82. H Habershon, Dr., 676. —— Matthew, Jun., 683. —— Mr., 486. —— Mr. J. M., 573. —— Pite and Co., 466. Habitancum, 599, 600. Hachyt, Peter, 77. Hackitt, Mr. Charles, 312. Haddon Hall, 608. Haigh, Rev. D. H., 604. — Rev. Dr. B. B., 464. Haitfield, 81. Hale, Sir Mathew, 353. Thomas, 374. Halifax, 28, 309, 669. —Lord, 446. Hall, Dr. Spencer T., 5 II. Carr, 608, 609, 612. Mr. Joseph, 479. “Hall’s Chronicles,” quoted 91, 92,93. Hallam, Roger de, 25. —, 480. Halle, Ralph de, 38. Halton, Ig. Hambleton, 171. Hamer, Mr., 488. — Samuel Hallows, 28I. Hammond, Mr. Samuel, 460. — Rev. John, 465. Hampsall Creek, 8. Hampton, Earl of, 64I. Hanaper, 36. Hancocks, Mr., 453. Handsworth, I2O, 465. — Woodhouse,80, 120, 605. Hardiman, Robert, 38. Hardwige, 8. Hargate Hill, 51O. Haringel, John, 30. Harleian MS., I32 N. Hartford, g7. Harthill, 82, IQ3, 622, 629, 630, 667. Harris, Dr., 466. Harrison and Camm, Messrs., 692. Rev. J. C., 466. Rev. Wm., 271. Haryson, John, 77. Haslerig, Sir Arthur, 460. Hatcher, Io, II. Hatfield Chase, 4, 594. Mr., 453. - Hatfield’s “Historic Notices of Don- caster,” 379, 534. Haugh, 605. Nether, 6, 617,619. Upper, 5, 6, 7, 617. Haukesworth, Adam de, 38. Haull, Thomas, 76. Hauwys, Richard, 3.I. Haverhill, 450. Hawlay, Adam de, 39. Haywood, Mr. John, 273, 381. — and Co., 569. Hawot, Robert, 38. Hearne, I2, IO4. Hearne’s “Liber Niger Scaccarii,” quoted 89 N, 95 N, 98 N, Iof N, I36 N, I69 N. Heathcote, Mrs. Dorothy, 450. Heaton, Butler and Bayne, 329. Mr. William, 691. Heckmondwike, 461. Hegham, Roger de, 29, 30. Hemsworth, 605, 613, 614. Hengest, I5, 16, 621, 668. — Tomb of, 669. 702 33 nth crijam. Herbage Money, Rental of, 390. Herbert, Thomas, 465. — William, 450 N. Hercy, Humphrey, Esq., 120. Hering Will, 35. Roger, 35. Herring, William, 281. Herringthorpe, 77,629. Hertelay, Henry de, 38 or 39. Herthel, Henry de, 28. Hertleye, Thomas de, 35. Herying, William, 39. Heseham, 33. Hestelay, William de, 39. Heungeby, 20. Hewike, 20. Hexham, 460. Heylin’s “History of the Reformation, quoted I45. Heyton, Ig. Heywood, Mr. John, 453. — Mr. O., 453, 454, 460. Hickleton, Io, 628. Higden, Ralph, I2. High Green, 474, 479. Melton, IO2. Hikelton, Giles de, 30. Hill, Ivo of the, 39. John, 75. — Rev. Thomas, 3II, 462. — Robert de, 36. Top, 6. Hiring Statutes, 356. “History and Antiquities of Canon- bury House at Islington,” 498 N. Hitchin, Rev. Edward, 461. Hixson, John, 95 N. Hobson, Mr., 66. Hofland, Mrs., 675 N. Holden, Richard, Esq., 528. — Robert, I2O, I24. — Thomas, 74, 76. Holdham, John, I25. Holghby, Thos, 25. “Holinshed's Chronicles,” quoted 7, 9I, I62 N. Holland, Edward, 366. Holland’s “Tour of the Don,” quoted 539, 598,642. Hollis School, The, 469. — Rules of, 469. Thomas, 454, 469, 470. Pedigree of, 454 N. Holmes, 58, 17I, 296, 504. — Engine and Railway Works, 684 Hall, 488. Miss Jane, 473. — Rolling Mills, 683. — Steel Works, 686. Works, 493. Holmfirth, 461. Homerton College, 462. Hoober 6, Io2. Common, I2. Stand, 627. “Hood Cross,” 203. Hoole, Charles, 340. — List of books, by, 340. Hooton, 403. — Levitt, 630. Hope, 5. Horner, Richard, Institution of, to Chantry of Holy Cross, 37. Hornsey, 98. Horsa, I5, 62.I. Horsey, Mr., 456. Horsley, 9. Horsley’s “ Britannia quoted 598. Horton, Sir William, 486 N. Hoton, 23. — Mr. Richard, 70 N, I2O, Houghton, 97. — Common, 627. Romana,” Houghton, Great, Io, II, 5IO, 613, 6I4. Hall, 515. Spring, 460. Hounsfield, George, Esq., 592. “Houseling People,” 41, I.47 N. Howard, Hon. and Rev. William, 297, 302, 3I3. Hon. George, 354. Kenneth Alexander, I72. Lord, 6,666. Lord Francis, I7I. Lord George, I7I. Lord Henry, 353. v. Drew and others, 354. — v. Dickenson and Owen, 352. Howarth, 474. Howitt, Wm., 322. Hoyland, 627. Hubner's, Professor, Inscriptiones Britannica Latinae, quoted 606, 608 N. Huddersfield, 309, 461, 622. Hudson, Mr., 467. John, 66. —— Park, 6. Hugall, Mr., 302. Hughes, W., 613. Hull, 449, 450, 451, 456, 462. Humber, The River, 8, 15, 614. Hume's “History of England,” quoted 666 N. Hundred Rolls, 32. Hunter’s “Hallamshire,” quoted 605 N, 606, 675 N. MS. notes, 350 N, 355 N, 460. — Rev. J., “South Yorkshire,” quoted 5, 9, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 32, I23, I24 N, I27, I29, I3 I, I32, I67, I7I, I76, 260 N, 322, 332, 337, 362, 396, 4I7, 440, 454 N., 460, 503, 519, 593 N, 598, 615, 621, 64I, 643, 664, 667, 668 N, 669. Huntsman, Mr., 675. Hurstpierrepont, 682. Hurtwood, I66. Hutchinson, Mr., 328. Hutton, Richard, 358, 359. Hychenbrook, 365, 368. Hyll, John, 76, 77. Hymelesworth, 23. Hynkershill, Henry de, 25. Hyrste, Edmunde, 77. Ric., 76. I J Ickles Hall, 604, 613. Idle, The River, 8. Ikkyls, 9, 446, 592. Iknield Street, 5, 592. Ilkley, 608. Illyngworth, Ric., 77, 81. Image of Our Lady and Her Son in fine gold, 73, I26. Imp-yard, IO5. Ingbirchworth, 7. Ingledew's “Yorkshire Ballads,” 666. Ingrham, William, 77. Inquisition, James I., 637. —— Post Mortem, 35 N, 36 N, 37 N. —— taken at Rotherham, 30, 34, 36, 344. “Inquisitiones Nonarum,” 48. Presentments from, 38. Ad Quod Damnum, 3IN, 37N. Inspeximus, 27. Isle of Man, 464. Isurium, 5, II. “Iter Boreale,” 362. Iter of Richard of Cirencester, 595. Iveson, Mr., 336. Jackson, C. Esq., 48 N, 52I N. Mr. J. E., 672. Richard, I2I. Jenkins, Mr. Robert, 692. Jenkynson, William, 77. Jennings, Mr., 460. Jersey, 464. - Jessop, Mr. Francis, 466. “Jesus Gate,” 65, 66, 355. Jewitt, Mr. Llewellyn, I21, 674. Mr. Orlando, 674. Johnson, Mr., 475. Johnston, Dr. Nathaniel, 642. Jollie, Mr. Timothy, 454, 460. Jordan-dam, 9. K Kanch, William, 28. Kechyn, Thomas, 77. Keith, Admiral Lord, 496. Kelfield, 452. Kemp Bank, 7. Kendal, 460, 467. Kennet’s “Complete History of England,” quoted 162. Kensington, I66. Kent, W., 670. Ker, Adam of the, 39. Kershaw, Mr., 475. Kibworth, 460. Kidd, Rev. G. B., 465. John, 366. Killinghale, Ig. Kilnhurst, IO4, 403. Kimberworth, 5, 6, Io, II, 24, 25, 37, IO2, IO3, IO4, 208, 2II, 485,488, 504,570,571, 572, 587,615,616, 617, 658, 674. — Hunter's account of,580. King Henry I., 18, 19. — John, 2I, 22. — Henry III., 9, 22, 23, 25, 26. — Edward I., 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, IO3, 584, 64I. —— II., 22, 23, 3IN, 34, 35 N, IO3, IO4, 584. III., 25 N, 35, 35 N, 36N, 8 3ö N. — Richard II., 41, 68 N. — Henry V., 88. — VI., 88, IO3. — Edward IV., 24, 71, 80, 88, 90, QI, 92, 93, 94, 97, IOO, IOI, I3O N, I33, I34, I62, I64, I65, I69. V., 88, 92, IOO, I62. — Richard III., 92, 93, 94, I33. I63. — Henry VII., 76, 83, 93, IO3, I64. — VIII., 68,73 N, 80 N, 81 N, 82, 95 N, I46, I70, 585. — Edward VI., 23, 68, 7.4, 81, 82, IO3, I45, I46, I47 N, I53 N, I54 N, I56 N, I57 N, I58 N, I59 N, I6o N, I'77. — Philip and Mary, 80 N, 82. James I., 67, 80 N, I7I. — Charles I., 8oN, 339,375,450,670. — II., 66, 452. James II., I67. — George III., 504. — General, 450. Mr., 602. “King's Evil,” touching for, 395. Kingston, 89. Rirby’s “Inquests,” Io:3. Rirk, Rev. John, 479 N. and Kidgill, 569. Kirketon, 28. Kirkstall Forge, 570. Kirkstead, IO3, 485. 3rtly ex. 7O3 – Levi, Kiveton Hall, 670 N. Knight, Sir Ralph, 425. Knollys, Sir F., 384. Kylnhirst, Ivo de, 35. Kyrkeby, Henry de, 25. L Laci, Ig. Lacus, Peter de Malo, 25, 30, 31. Lamay, Richard, 28. Lambart, Henry, 35. Lambert, Mr. John, 284. — Rev. G., 462. Lambeth MS., I32 N. Lanchester, 460. Landell and Chambers, 506. Landmot, Ig. Landor, Walter Savage, 505. Langley, Mr., 453. Langton, Dr. John, 89. Larom, Rev. Charles, 468. Latham, Dr., 456. Lathom, Mr. John, I23. Latimer, 451. Satudarum, 5. LNughton-en-le-Morthen, 4, 94, 453, \630. LawWeys, 166. Lawson, John, C.E., 57.I. Laxtoi", 26, 80, 83. Layton, Mr., 589. Leadbetter, Henry, 36O. Lee and Stevenson, Messrs., 570. Lees, Jónathan, 608. Leeds, I I, 209, 309, 326,418, 455, 456, A58, 475. Duke of, 670 N. Leghos, Gilbert del, 35. Legio Sexta. Vitrix, 5. Legiolium, 5, Io, II, 605, 612, 613. Leicester, 4.5I. Leland, 54, IO6, I26, I65, I67, 485, 580, 64.I. Leland’s Itinerary, quoted I2, 95, 97. Lemington, 27. Lempriere, George, 527. Le Neve, 89 N, '93, I2O. Le Street, II. Letard, Henry, 25. Leverton, South I2O. Levett, Thomas, 374. Leviston, Ladie, Syche at Rotherham, 385. Lewis, Rev. S. S., 602. Lexington, John de, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 3O Nº-ººrºº tº Idonea deº. 103. Leycester, Roger of 32. Lhlwyd, Mr., I2. Liccester, William deº 276, 277. * License, for acquiring tº tº appropriate half of Rotherhanºl Church, 33. Lichfield, º: Lille, Richard, I22. ſº e & iii. Mr. Thomas, copie of his Wille, Linº 33,90, 597, 605 6I3. College, Oxford, 209. Earl of, 27, 32, 33. Roman, 604. . Lindley, Jonathan, 479. Robert, ºian, 523. Lindum, 613. s Lingones, 607, 608. “List of English Cardinals,” Q4: Lister, Robert, 52. ‘S Little Chesters, 599, 604. \ Liverpool, 468, 596. s. Liversidge, Stephen, 685. —— Walter, 685. Notice of, 685. Biography, 686. Lizours, Albreda de, Ig. Lloyd, Rev. John, 284, 474,681. \ \ Lobb, Stephen, 673. Locke, Mr. Joseph, 684. Logan and Hemingway, Messrs., 571. Lollius Urbicus, 599. Londesborough, 596. Long, Alan, 22. Longley, Mr. Benjamin, 458. “Lord's Bakehouse,” 65, 355. Loseland, John, 31, 39. Lottery Money, 391. Louther, John de, 36. Lovel, William, 23, 27. Loversale, Richard de, 30. Lowly, Mr., 473, 479. Lucas, John, 374. Ric., 77. Ludlam, Joseph, 682. Luton, 97, I65, I66. Lutterel, Andrew, 36. Lycester, Simon de, 39. Lychfield, W., Coventry and, 32. Lydgate, 605. Lylle, Thomas, 77. Lymme, 450, 45I. Lyng, Rychard, 75. Lyons, Archdeacon of, 20. Lyvet, Nicholas de, 23. IM Macaulay's, Lord, Portrait of Went- worth, 673. Mackley, Richard, 476. Maclean, Sir John, I47. Maesbell, I5. “Magna Britannia,” quoted I2, 642 N. “Maiden, The,” 28, 669. Malcus, Thomas, 35. William, 3I. Mallory, Dame Troth, 639, 640, 64I. Sir Wm., 384. Maltby, 37, IO3. Mam Tor, 4, 594. Manchester, 3II, 450, 451, 460, 468, 569. Mancunium, 608. Mandeville, Mr. 453. Manefield, Thorfine de, Ig. Mansel, Madam, 209. Mansfield, 472, 479, 67.I. Mapelbeck, Robert, 276. Maples, John del, 35, 36, 39. Marcham, Bertus, 30. Markesburgh, 3I. Markets, Charter of, 32, 33. Marr, 403. * Marsden, 670 N. Marshall, Richard, 366. — John, 374. Marshburgh, Aula of, 58. Martingale, 379. Mary, Queen of Scots, at Rotherham 384. Letter from, 670 Masbrough, Io, 80, 208, 487, 504, 57I, 586, 615, 679. —— Chapel, 461, 463, 464, 465, 488. College, 461. Boat Accident at, 643. —— Boiler Works, 692. Works, 688. Masham, Robert, I2O. Mason, Rev. William, the poet, 503, 527, 67I. Massey, Richard, 619. Mather, Mr., 475, 476. Mather's Songs, 667. Matthews, Mr. William, 467. Mauley, Peter de, 18. Maxima Caesariensis, 613, 614. M'All, Rev. Samuel, 465, 468. Mºſsandsborough, William, 571. Meadow Hall, 6, II, IO4, 615. Medlock, The River, 608. N Meeting to consider the propriety of widening street, 288. Meikle, Mr., 540. Melandra Castle, 608. Mellish, Lieutenant Colonel, 502. Mellor, Dr., 466. Melsa, Godfrey de, 27. Melton, High, IO2. “Memoirs of Sir John Reresby,” quoted 444 N. Menstan, Co. of York, Ig N. Merfin, Mr., 283. Mersscheburgh, Simon, 36. Mesebrook, 8. Messenger, William, 39. Messer, Thomas 1e, 28. “Methodist Magazine,” 457 N. Chapel at Rotherham, Trust deed of, 481. Mexbrough, 4, 5, 7, 8, II, 22, 30, 31, IO4, 577, 62.I., 627. Ings, II, 668. Castle, 62.I. Miall, Rev. J. G., 454 N. Micklethwaite, Messrs. W. H. & Co., 69I. Middleton, Dr., 89. — Will. de, 28. Midhope, 7. Midland Railway, 5, 613, 615, 620; 628. Iron Works, 689. Milgate, 82. “Mill, The,” 67. Hill, 462. Moor Brass Works, 691. Miller’s “History of Doncaster,” quoted 486 N. Mills, “Customary,” 35I, 352, 353, 354 where situated, 355 “Milnegate,” 355. Milton, John, 449. Minister’s Accounts, I5I N. “Minister's Quyer,” 278. Miscellaneous Books, (Augmentation Office,) 59 N. Mitchell, Samuel, 4, 594, 608, 609. Molerd, Wydowe, 77. Monition to the Rotherham, 51. --- Monkbretton Monastery, 80, 81. Monkisburg, 21, 22. Montacute (Montagu), Elizabeth de, Parishioners of 36. Montgomery, Earl of 450. — James, 465, 527, 672. Monumenta Foljambeana, quoted 642 N. Monuments to the Foljambes, at Chesterfield, 642. Moore, William, I2O. NIorals in Rotherham, 362. Morant, Rev. J. M., 467. Morbium, 5, 9, I2, 596, 597, 598, 613, 6I4. More Hall, 664. John, 75. — Richard, 80. — Sir T., “History of the Reigns of Edward V. and Richard III., quoted 162 N, 163. Moresby, I2, 597. Morgan, Robert, 80. Morrice, Francis, 8o. Morris, William, 25. Morritt, Mr., 667. Mortain, Earl of, I8, 26. Morthen, Le, 70. Morthing, 37, 80. Morton, 28. Mosbrough, 605. Hall, 522. Mosley, Rev. Richard, 273, 274. Mottershead, Mr., 460. Mottram, 309. 7O4. 330th criyamt. Moubray, Roger de, 20. Moult, Mr. Robert Wylde, 456. Miss Sarah, 456. Mr. Samuel, 456. Rev. William, 456. Mounteney, John de, 25, 36. — Mr., 203. — Francis, 452. MSS., Addit. British Museum, 449 N. Mundosdere, Thomas, 25, 39. Murrey, Earl of, 27. Museum of Economic Geology, 631. - Musgraue, Simon, 384. Myers, Widow, 379. N Nateby, William de, institution of, as rector of the half of Rotherham Church, 34. Natland, 460. “Naval Chronicle,” quoted 642 N. Nawt, Thomas, 77. Neatby, Mr. Thomas, 689. Neeforton, Ig. Nelson, Robert, 418, 422. John, 472. Netherhaven, go. Netherthorpe, 8. Nevill, H. de, 27. Neville, Anne, 92, Io9. — Mr. Robert, I2O. Nevison, the Highwayman, 438, 614. — Robberies by, 439. — Ballad relating to, 440. Newall, 37. Newark, 45I. Newcastle, 451, 475. — Duke of, g4, 446. Earl of 378, 396, 450, 669. . -on-Tyne, 506. Newcourt’s “Repertorium,” go. Newhill Hall, 5. Newrie, Robert, 121. Newton, 20. Rev. Wm., 275, 313, 694. Robert, 482. Nichols, Edward, 606, 607. John, F.S.A., 498 N. Nid, 20. Nigel Fossard, 17, 18. Nightingale, Miss Elizabeth, 327. Nisard, M., 667. Norfolk, Dowager Duchess of, 609. —Duchess of 296. —Duke of 93, IO3, 171, 385, 406, 438,446, 447, 54I, 607, 670 N. —Earl of, 27. Norice, William, 39. Normanby, 639. Normanton, Henry of, 25. Normanvill, Adam de, 27. Northampton, 81, 456. Northern Education Society, 461. Northfield Iron Works, 689. Northowram, 461. Northumbria, I5. Norton, Richard, 384. Norwich, J., 27. Nostell Priory, 51. Notes, Early, about Rotherham, 34 N. – of Entries on the Patent Rolls, relating to, 80. “Notes and Queries,” quoted 147 N, 395 N. “Notitia Dignitatum,” 595. “Notitia Imperii,” g, 12. Nottingham, 458, 465. Nowell, John, 360. O Octagon Chapel, 481. Offa, King, I65. Petty Bag Charity Decrees, 638 K, Oke, Thomas, 362. Okes, Robert, 366. “Old Gib,” 66. Old Town Hall, 65. Oldeparke, 8. Olecot, William de, 22. Hugh de, 22. Ordsall, I2O. Organ, The Cost of, 3Io. Description of 3II. Orgrave, 36,592. Osberton Hall, 642. Oscott, 604. Ostorius, 2. Oswald, St., Prior of, 38, 39, 51. Oswestry, 462. Oughtibridge, 626. Oulton, 671. “Our Lady's Chapel on the Bridge,” I2 S. Ouse, ine River, I4. Overend, Mrs. William, 592. Overseers of the Poor and Constables, 424. • Overton, Colonel, 451. Owen, Thomas, 353. Oxford, I29 N, 459. — Earl of, go. Oxley, Mr. E., 365 N. Oxspring, 7. P Packman's Bridge, 571. Pain, Richard Fitz-, 19. Paine, Tom, 493, 674. Paganel, William, 20. Page, George, 75. Paldon, John de, 36, 70. Paris, Dr., 94. Parker, H. P., 465. Matheo, Hist. Acad. Cant., quoted 94. William, 76, 475. Parkgate, 577. Colliery, 689. Iron Works, 688. Rock, 628. Parsons, Rev. James, 465, 466. Parteney, 20. Particulars for Grants, 153 N, 158 N, I59 N, I60 N, I6I N. Patent Roll, 31 N, 33 N, 71 N, 73 N, 8O, 8I N, 82 N, 83 N, go N, 130 N, I35 N, I46, I70, 368 N, 585. Payne, Dr. Henry, 613. de Mesnilwarine, Ig. Peacock, Rev. David, 468. Pearson, Mr., g. Dr. George, 522, 675. Rev. Nathaniel, 522. — Thomas, 95 N. Pebbly Dam, 630. Peckham, Edward, 81. Pedigree of Archbishop Rotherham, 99. Pegge, Rev. Dr., 604, 605, 606. Pell, William, 460. Pembroke, Earl of 33, 450. Pendlebury, Rev. William, 455, 456. Penistone, 7. Church of 23. Flags, 623. Pennant, I65. Pent-house, I89. Penyeston, Church of 23. Perambulating the Boundaries, 198. Perambulation, Expenses of, 288. Perepunt, Henry de, 27. Perrott, Rev. Clement, 464. Peterborough, g1 N. Petition of Scholastica, 27. Petriana, 599. - /* .../ Chancery Decrees, 345 N. 2 J. Peutinger, Dr., 595. Peutingerian Tables, 595. Pexi, William, 39. Philip, William, 39. Phillips, Francis, 80. George Searle, 51O. — Rev. Maurice, 461, 462. Sir Thomas, 606. Philpot’s “Catalogue of the Chan- cellors of England," quoted 91, 93. Pickering, 26. Picquegni, Treaty of 91, I64. Pigot, Mr., 454. Pilsley, 8. Pinch Mill Spring, 57.I. Piper's gown, cost of, 386. Placita, 21, 22, 23. Plague at Rotherham, 363. Plea Rolls, 28.N. Ploghwright, Richard, 70. Plumb, Rev. Mr., 458. Plutarch, 3. Plymouth, 467. Pokenhale, Gilbert de, 35, 39. Pole, Cardinal, 82. Poll Tax, 40. y Pomponius Mela, 3. A Ponay, Hugh, 39, 70. J Pontefract, I2O, I27, 384,403, 440 . 454. Poor, Average of deaths of, in Tºjnion Workhouse, 434. - | | — Badges for, 432. f — Early, Minutes of Overseership of the, 430. s — Law Union, 434. f — Order respecting, by the Justices of West Riding at Doncaster, 397. — Overseers of the, and ſºonstables, 42.4. names of 425. — Rate, early assesment to, 426. — Weekly allowance to Workhouse Masters to support ſhe, 432. Pope Nicholas IV., 20. Innocent VI., 276. Population of Rotherham 41, 577. Porter, Thomas, g6. - Portsmouth, Lady, 17.2. Potteries at Rotherha; m, 688. Potts and Sons, Mess.s., 326. Poway, Ralph, 36. John, 36. Praetorium, 596. Preacher, License for a Travelling, 73. Pridie, Rev. James, 465. Prime, Mr., 453. Probate of Archb Will, I43. “Procession,” Ig Z. Proctour, John, #20. Provosts ºf the College of Jesus, 120. Pryme, Abraharla de º 48 J. 55. Ptolemy, Geography of 595. Pursglove, Rob£rt, #21. Pykeryng, Johr, dé, 35. Pylley, Thomſ, 74, 76. | Q Queen Elizajbeth, 76, 8oN, 83 N. atherine, 81. — May, 8oN. Žº Anecdote relating to, . . . AJ74 N. Quintin, Ast. Adelina de, 123. Quo Warranto against the Abbot of Rufford, 29. Pleas of, 30 N, 583. - - *. Aºr shop Rotherham’s \- * +-mms 2–Roll, 34 N. R Radley, Joseph, 477. Mr. Valentine, 474, 477. Mr. William, 66. 3) mit tº . 705 Railway, First, at Rotherham, 682. — Wheel and Axle, &c., Works, 692. Raine, Canon, “Fasti Eboracenses,” quoted 64. “Testamenta Ebora- censia” quoted 120, I36, I43. Raine's “Depositions from the Castle of York,” &c., quoted 438. — History and Antiquities of Blyth, quoted 337, 340 N. Raleigh, Dr., 466,467. Ramsbotham, Joseph, 470, 508. Ramsden, William, 80, 81. Ranson, Hugh, 77. Rathmel, 460. Raumer’s “Political History of Eng- land,” quoted I45. Rauthmershe, Hugh de, 39. — Ivo de, 35, 39. — William, 39. Ravenfield, 453. — Park, 665. Ravenstandale, Ig. Rawmarsh, 5, 39, 296, 464, 479, 480, 573, 577, 628, 64I, 675. Rawson, James, 374. Thomas, I23. — William, Will of, I22. Rawsone, Rychard, 366. Raynbergh, Robert de, 31, 32. Ray’s Proverbs, quoted 8. Redeser, Robert, 39. Redford, Rev. Dr., 465. Redmires, 605. Register of the Augmentation of Vicaridges, 185. John de Romaine's, 20 N, 2IN. Rotherham, I23 N, 124 N. of things concerning the Com- mon Landes of Rother- ham, 365. -— Walter Gifford's, 20 N. Registers of the Archbishops of York, 34 N, 37 N, 38 N. Early Parish, 212. Remarks on, 257. Religious Houses, &c., the fall of, 96. Remigius, I5. Rennie, Sir John, 492, 494, 495. Rental of Farms, part of the posses- sions of the late College of Jesus, I53, I55, I57, I58. of Farms, part of the posses- sions of the Chantry of St. Katherine, I54, I56. of Farms, part of the posses- sions of the Chantry of the Holy Cross, I54, I57. of Farms, part of the posses- sions of the Chantry of the Blessed Mary, I54, 156, I59. of Houses belonging to Church- wardens, 286. of Pews for Organist’s Salary, 286. Rent Roll of Lordship of Rotherham, 59. Reresby, IoA. — Lionel, Esq., 9. — Sir John, I28, 337, 424, 438, O N. Sir John, Extracts from his memoirs, 444. —Sir John, Troop and Roll Call, 447, 448. Sir William, 670. Resumption, Act of 71. Retford, 4 N, 479. Revill Grange, 606, 607. Revolution, The Centenary of, 406. — Song, 407. Reyner, Mr. Kirby, 460. Reynolds, Archdeacon, I32 N. Reysyn, Robert, 37. Rhodes, Ebenezer, 57, 456, 559, 679. “Yorkshire Scenery,” quoted 57, 559, 669. John, 459 N. Richardson, Dr., 89. Rev. J. W., 467. — Thomas, I25. Richmond, Earl of, Ig, 32, 33. Countess of, 76, 95 N, I32. Rickman's “Architecture,” quoted 297. Rigby, Rev. James, 452. Ringstone Hill, 515. Ripley and James, Messrs., 570. Ripon, 384,450. Ripple, 90, 97. John de, 35. Rivelin, The, 606. River Dearne, 8. Don, I. Humber, 8. Idle, 8. Ouse, I4. Rivelin, 606. Rother, 8, II, I4. Trent, 8. Wharfe, 608. Robinson, Mr. 598. — Rev. Henry, 418, 422. Richard, 474, 477. Robynson, Widowe, 77. . Roche Abbey, 23, 128. Rockingham, Marquis of, 475, 476, 488, 620, 67I, 673. — Pottery, origin of, 62o. Rodgers, Mr. Paul, 506, 617. Rohagbe, 28. Rokeby, 667. Thomas de, 25. Rolls of Parliament, 37 N, 71 N. Plea, 32 N. Romaine, Archbishop John de, 20 N. Romanis, G. de, 277. Roman Cohorts, Names of, 607. Coins, 5, I2, 602, 603, 608, 609. Tabular View of, 611. Gem, 602. Glass, 602. Interments, 605. Plates of Copper, 606. Pottery, 6oo. “Rig,” 5, 6, 594, 616, 617, 618, 620, 627. Roads in the neighbourhood of Rotherham, 613. “Slack,” 608. Tile, 599, 600 N. Romans, 2. Romsey, 463. Roper, Mr., 609. Rose, Roger, 35. *mms-m-mº Hung for Felony, 35. — Mr. De 1a, 454. Mr. Thomas, 343. Roseland, John, 3.I. Rosewell, Thomas, 82. Rosyington, Laurence de, 39. Rother, The River, 8, II, I4. Rotherham, Agriculture in the neigh- bourhood of, 539. Aldermen, names of, 575. Amounts contributed to benevolent and religious objects in, 579. – Ancient, 17. Archbishop, 87, 322, 472. Life of, 88, I82. as Lord Chan- cellor, I62. Notices of his Family, I65. True Bill agst., I64. Boat accident at, 643. Burgesses, 576, = Rotherham, Catalogue of Vicars of 270 — Charter of Incorporation, Meeting to promote, 573. Charters, 32, 33. Church, 20. Dimensions of inside, by Mr. Bowers, 285. Inquisition made upon half of 20. Resignation of the the half of 20. * The Union of the Vicarage and the Rectory of the half of, 21. - Churchwardens, I87, 289, 29O, 292, 293. Corporation, bridge erected by, 296. Councillors, names of, 575. Domine Well, 569. Elizabeth, I66. Eustace de, 20, 70 N. Flora of, 634. — Gas Works, purchase of, by Town, 576. Hospital and Dispensary, 554. Market Hall, 576. Market Place and Sham- bles, 54.I. Marshall of, 36. —— and Masbrough Literary and Mechanics Institute, 553. Morals, 362. New Houses in, 577. Officers of Corporation of, 575. — Park and Boston Castle, 558, 56I. Plague at, 363. Plough, 539, 540. Poor, 397, 424, 425, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434. Population of, 41, 577. Post Office, 578. Profits of Rectory of, I69. Rateable value of 577. Rectors of Church of, 270. Red Rock of, 622. - Rental of College of, I52. — Reyner de, 277. — Rolling Mill, 685. — Roman, 593. Santony, or St. Anne's Well, 569. —— Sir Thomas, 86, 97. Temperance Society, 550. The King's writ as to Advowson of, 33. The Wards, 573, 574. Thomas, 76. Thomas, Bishop of Lin- coln, Will of, I35. Water Company, 570. Water Girls, 570. Wellgate Springs, 571. Wine and Spirit Trade at, 682. “Rotuli Hundredorum,” 24. Rowe, William, 76. Rufford, I8, 19, 27, 28, 41, 58, 66, I69. Abbey, 8o, I46. Abbot of 20, 22, 25, 27, 38, 47, 69, 70 N, IO5. Abbot and Convent of 3I, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, I70, 322. Monks of 20, 2I, 23, 24, 46. Rupert, Prince, 451. Ruskin, John, 674. Russworth, John, 23. Ryknield Street, Io, II, I2, 604, 605, 6I3, 614. . . Rymer’s “Foedera,” quoted 73 N. * -89- 706 330th trijam. S Sack and Ale, Igo, Igg. Saillay, William de, 20. Saint Edmund, 33. Salisbury, I2O. Salop, Count of 59. George, Earl of 80. Saltemarshe, Peter de, 35. Sampson, Mr., appointed Organist, 287. Sandal, 8, II. Sandbeck, 673. Sandbecks, Robert de, 30. Sandberg, Rev. Paul L., 586. Sanderson, Mr., 283. Mr. Charles, 688. — Robert, 337, 339, 340. Sandford, Mr. C. S. R., 683. and Owen, 683. Saterfett, Thomas, 374. Saucensemar, Geoffrey de, 21, 22. Saunderson, John, 482. Savage’s “History of Baliol College,” quoted 98. Savile, Anthony Widvile, I69. Ralph de, 597. Richard de, 9. —— Sir George, 642, 673. — Sir John, IO2. Sawyer, Mr., 353. Saxons, I5, I6, I7. “Saxon Chronicle,” 54 N. Scales, Lord, 169. Mr. T., 458 N. Rev. T., 465. Scarborough, I7I. — Castle, 26. “Sceletos Cantabrigiensis, 90, 97. Schemeld, John, 36. Schires, John of, 25. “Scholehouse,” Moss for, 393. Scholes, IO2, Io9. Richard de, Io9. Scotland Balk, 6, 616, 618. David, King of Ig. Scott, John, 93. — Rev. James, 461. — Rev. Walter, 465. — Sir Gilbert, 55. Report on Rother- ham Church, 3I4. Sir Walter, 67, 657, 667. Scotter, 639. Scriven, William, 80. “Scroming Dole,” 209. Searle, January, 51O, 51 I, 512. Secker, Archbishop, 460. Sedgfield, 460. Selby, 450, Selden, g. Sell Christofer, 77. Selston, John of, 20. Seneca, 2. Senyor, George, 76. Senyour, Thomas, 361. Settlement of Mr. Mounteney's and Mr. Burrough's Seats in Rother- ham Church, I73. Seward, Anna, 322. Sewell, Mr. J., 3II. Shagh, Hugh de, 28. Shakespeare, I33, 323. Shawe, William, 366, 374. Rev. John, 378, 449, 450. Books by, 450, 451, 452. Epitaph of 452. Escape of, 450. Shaywell Close, 7. Shearman, Dr., 667 N, 676 N. Shefeud, Adam Couban de, 28. Sheffield, I, 4, 5, 9, 12, I7, IO4, Ig3, 309, 365 N, 385, 454, 465, 475, 476, 480,569,594,605, 615, 627. Sheffield Castle, 4, 8, 58. —— Cutler's Feast at, 446. — Cutler’s “Hearth Tax,” 446. Literary and Philosophical Society, 609. Museum, Weston Park, 609. — “Register,” 485, 681. — and Rotherham Railway, 545. “Independent,” quoted 596, 609. Shent, William, 474. Sherbrook, Cuthbert, 96. — Mr., 342. Sherington, I2O. Shiford, John le Parker de, 25. Shirecliffe, 36, 518. Shirland, Roger de, 24. Shore and Co., 506 N. Short, Dr., 364 N. Shortridge, John, 4 N, 605. Shrewsbury, Earl of 37, Io9, 146, 375, 378, 38 I, 385, 445. Earl of, Grant of Abbey of Rufford to, 170. Earl of, Grant of Lord- ship of Rotherham to, 170. Siege of Rotherham, by Earl of New- castle, 396. — of Rotherham, Hunter's Account of 396. “Silva mil-porc,” 17. “Silva past,” 17. Silverwood, 508, 5og. Sissons, Rev. John, 468. Siward Will, 39. Skerringham, 451. Skinner, Robert, 70. Skipton, 37. Slack, 600. Richard, 374. Sledmere, 596. Smethwick, 327. Smithfield, 169. Smith, Mr. Toulmin, “The Parish,” quoted 385 N. on “English Gilds,” 69 N. — Miss L. Toulmin, on “English . Gilds, 69 N, 145. —— Mr. Charles Roach, 597. — Mr. Edwin, 643 N. Mr. Joseph, 473. Rev. George, 27I, 272,273, 288. — Rev. J. Pye, 461. Rev. Thomas, 462, 465. William, 622. Smith's Songs, 667. Smythe, Lion, 366. Snell, Thomas, 345, 367. Snetzler, Mr., 3II. Society of Antiquaries, 606. Somereys, 88, 97, I65, I66. “Sope-well-Lane,” 6. Sorsbie, Mr., 127, 128. Sothsack, Ig. Soukes, Robert, 35. South Shields, 600 N. Yorkshire Railway, 620, 627. Southampton, Io. Earl of, 64I. Southawe, 37. Southwark Bridge, Cast at Rotherham, 491, 494. Cost of, 495. Prospectus of 492. Southwell, 97, I29 N, I64. Speagle, H. Van, “Drinke and Wel- come," quoted Igg. Speed's “Portraitures of the Ancient Britaines,” quoted, 2, I5. Speight, William, 62o. Spencer MSS., 446. Mr., 460. William, 71, 450. Spilsham, Ig. Sprotbrough, 4, 8, II, I5, 48, 667. Stafford, Henry de, 37. Stained Glass Windows, 326. Stainrod, Benjamin, 286. St. Alban's, Abbot of, I65. Stanedge, 5, 606. — Pole, 605, 606. Stanfud, 8. Stanhope, W. S., Esq., 329. Staniforth, Dr., 508. Mr., 209, 453, 539. Stannington, 606. Stapilton, Gilbert de, 35. Star Chamber Proceedings, 445. State Papers (Scotland), 384 N, 385 N. —— (Domestic), &c., 399 N. “Stattis,” 356. “Statute of Mortmain,” 71 N. Statutes of the College of Rotherham, IO6. Staunton, I2O. Staveley, 57.O. Staynforth, 81. Stayngrene, Thomas de, 23, 26. Staynton, John de, 30. Steel, Tozer, and Hampton, Messrs., 693. — Works at Parkgate, 685. Stell, Barnard, 77. Stenoclyff Grange, 80. Steresthorp, Hugh de, 25. Stevens, William, 4 N, 482, 605. Stillington, Mrs. Margaret, 452. — Robert, I64. Stock, in Essex, 340. Stockport, 606. “Stocks and Pillory,” 66. Stopesley, 97. Stoughton, Dr., 466. Stowell, Lord, 673. Rev. W. H., 464, 465, 466, 467, 468. Rev. W. H., Works by, 465. St. Pannasius, Monastery of 80. Strabo, 3. Strafford, Earl of, 585, 668. Letters, 585 N. — Sands, II, 62I, 668. Wapentake of 24, 62I. and Tickhill, Wapentake of, 567, 583 N, 584 N, 586 N. Strange Ministers, Igg. Stratten, Rev. Thomas, 465. Street-field, II. Street Ford, IO4. - Strickland, Sir William, 438. Stringer, Francis, the “Delinquent,” I85. Stubbs's “Lives of the Archbishops of York,” quoted I32 N. Studley, 639. Stukeley, Dr., IO, II, 595, Subscriptions for Bounties to Volun- teers, 289. —— for City of London Sugar Refiners, 176. —— for French Protestant Refugees, I75, I76. Subsidy Roll, 40, 4I N. — Extracts from, 41. Suffolk, Earl of, 171. Sunday Observance, 432. Sundial made by Samuel Walker, 486. Surtees Society, 48 N, 449, 639. Rev. F. Scott, “Waifs and of North Humber History,”quoted I5, 667, 668. Sussan, John, 38. Sutton, Francis, 607. Richard de, 30. Suwell, 20. Swainton, 8. Swann, Mr. S. L., 577. Swift, Henry, 360, 361. Robert, I44. 3 mily ex. 707 Tilli, Ralph de, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30. Robert de, 2I. John de, 2I. Tingle, Benjamin, 500 N. John, 406. William, 406. Tinsley, 8, 34, 2II, 519, 605, 613, 614, 658. Park, II, I2. Hunter's Account of, 589, 592. Todwick, 4, 193. Tokefford, 28. Tokens, Rotherham, 680. Tomlinson and Harper, Messrs., 570. Tong, 481. Tooker, Samuel, 281, 524, 525, 528, 6 9. *-*-* #. Will, 526. — Mr. Charles, 524. Deed of Con- veyance between, and Thomas Cork, 524. Torre's “Archdeaconry of York,” 50, 258 N. Totewikes, 36. Totteridge, 467. “Tour of the Don,” 539, 598, 642. Towers, Mr., 97. Town Hall (1743), Cost of, 403, 404. Townsend, Mr. Josiah, 456. Rev. Meredith, 456. Towton, I34. Travers, John, 28. Treeton, 8, II, 36, 38, 338, 629. Trent, The River, 8. Tristrope, John, 95 N. Trotter, Hugh, I44. “Tucker's Lane,” 524. Tunnicliffe, Ralph, 281. Turner, Miss Edith, 670. Turton, John, 284. Tutbury, 384, 670. Tynneslowe, Walter de, 35. &ºmmº-º-º-º: William de, 35. Typper, William, 80. Tyrwhitt, Sir William, 639. Tyte, Rev. C. C., 466. U Ughtibrigg, Peter de, 38. Ullaye, John de, 35, 39. Ulley Brook, 571, 572. Upper Chevet Rock, 627. Upsale Michael de, 28. Upsall, 440. V Vaughan, Rev. Isaac, 467. Vavassor, John, 384. Vere, John, go. Vergil’s Polydore, “Histoirie of Eng- land," quoted IOI N. Vesci, Agnes de, 20. — Eustace de; 21, 22, 26. — Ivo de, Ig. — J. de, 20, 23, 26, 27, 29, 30, 46, 58. —— Roger, 38. - — William de, I8, 22, 23, 25, 27. Vespasian, 9. - Via Fossarum, 613. Vicars Choral, Ioo. - Vignoles, Mr. Charles, 685. Vincent, Thomas, 360. Vincentius' “Speculum. Historiale,” quoted 95. - Vindolana, 599. Vine, Mr. G. R., 603. Vintin, Samuel, 354. Vipont, Robert de, 24, 25. Vortigern, I5, 621, 668. W Swifte, William, 80, 81. — Esq., I46. Swinton, 6, 7, II, 464, 577, 612. — Common, 617. Potteries, 5, 6. Swithenbank, Mr., 599. Swyfte Family, 519. John, 77. + Mr. Edmund Lenthall, 520, 52I. Sir Robert, 66. Sykes, Nanny, 508. Sylvester, Mr. Field, 454. Syward, William, 35. T Tacitus, 2, 3, 593, 594, 599. Tagge, Adam, 39. Tailer, William, 366. Tailor, Cristofer, 366. Tait, Mr., 513, 514. Talbot, Lady Alethea, 17I. John, 37. Tamworth, 604. Tankersley Park, Io2. Tannator, Richard, 39. Tapton Hill, II. Taylor, David, 472. Dorothy, Abstract of Will of, I74. Henry, 374. John, 360. Mr., 54I. Robert, 282. Templebrough, 5, 8, 9, II, I2, 65, IO4, 384, 591, 592, 613, 667. —— Money said to be hid- den there, 445. Tennyson, 449. “Testamenta Eboracensia,” quoted I2O, I22 N, I23 N, I24 N, I36 N. “Testa de Nevill,” 18. Testamentary Burials, 258. Thachale, Robert, 25. Thackstead, I7I. The Phoenix Works, 683. Thief-Lane, 7. Thistle-bed-Ford, 296. Thompson, Francis, I71. Mr. W., Opinion of, on Templebrough, 596. j Thoresby, II. - Ralph, 449, 452. Thorne, 8. William de, 28. Thorneton, William de, 28. Thornton-on-Curtis, 682. Thoroton's “ Nottinghamshire,” 140. Thorpe, 20, IO2, Io3, 458 N, 472. — Salvin, 658. Rev. John, 457, 458, 472, 475, 476. e His Conversion, 457. — William de, 39. Thorton, William de, 28. Thrybergh, 9, 424, 445, 474, 479, 598, 605, 67I, 685. — Forge, 488. — Hall, 473. —— Park, 508. Thurcroft Hall, 674. Thurgoland, 7. Thurleston, 8o, 508. Tickhill, 4. — Castle, Value of lands, &c., therein, 35. Great Court of, 35. — Wapentake of, 25. Tideswell, I2I. Tilbotot, Robert, 27. Tilli Eustace de Vesci, Ig. Waddesley Bridge, 8. Edmund de, 24, 32. — Hugh de, 28. Ralph de, 22. — Richard de, 28. —— Robert de, 22, 30, 31, 33. Wadsleys of Wadsley, 32. Wadsworth, Mr. John, 454, 460. Wadworth, Peter de, 9. Wainwright, John, Io, 13, 537. Wainwright's MSS., 365 N, 586. — “Strafford and Tickhill,” quoted Io, 605, 669. “Waits,” cost of, 404. Wakefield, II, 24, 51, I29, 309, 340, 403, 456, 475. Walden, 389 N. Wales, Prince of, IOO. Walington, Ig. Walkeleye, Adam de, 28. Walker, Aaron, 459, 475, 489. Jonathan, 27I, 489, 500. Joseph, 271, 489, 500. — Joshua, 461, 475, 500, 528 N. Mrs. H., 465. Rev. Samuel, 461. — Samuel, 458, 459, 475, 500, 5I2. death of 489, 500. his Will, 499. Inscription in me- mory of, 503. Sundial made by, 486. Samuel, Esq., 690. — Thomas, 5oo. ' his Will, 5oo. Walkers, The, 485. — A sketch of the proceedings of the Foundry, &c., 487. — Chapel, 208. First attempt at “Founder- ing,” 487. Tablets in Mausoleum, 502. The Holmes Estate of the, * 490. The Plan for Dinners of the, 5O2. Works, Progress of, 48g. Wallingford, 604. Wallys Ric, 77. & Walpole, Horace, 671. Walpole's “Historic Doubts,” quoted I33. Walsall, 459. Walton, Isaac, 337, 339. Wapentakes, Origin of, 621. Ward, Adam, 35. Ralph, 35. Warde, George, 80. Waring, John, 326. Warmsworthe, 8, 605. Warnet, Ig. Warrene, Earl, 24. Warwick, Earl of, 32, 37, Iog. — Dr. Thomas Oliver, 456. Wath, 7, 36, 37, 525, 577, 605. OOC1, O. Watkins, Mr., 50g. Watling Street, II, 599. Watson, John, I28, 374. — Rev. John, 606, 607. Wat Tyler's Rebellion, 40. Webster, Thomas, Will of, 37. Wedgwood, 498. Welbeck, 378. Weld, Mr. Thomas, 450. Wellgate Wells, 386. Wells, H. de, 27. Expenses of, 409. Wellys, Wydowe, 77. Welsh, Rev. W., 467. 708 3 murx. Weltesale, Ig. Welton-Brinkhall, go. Wenlock, Lord John, 97, I65, 166. Wentworth, II, 17, 458 N, 627, 673. — Castle, 671, 672 N. —— Hon. Thomas, 422. House, 6, 329, 476, 613, 617, 62o. —— John, 23, IO5. Lady Harriett, 674. —— Sir William, 444. Thomas, Io9. Woodhouse, IO2, IoS, IO4, 672 N. Wesley, Charles, 477, 479. , John, 457, 458, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 479, 480, 481. Wesleyan Chapel, the first in Rother- ham, and cost thereof, 477. Day Schools, Government Inspector's Reporton,483. Meeting House Registered for Worship, 476. Meeting House, release re- lating to, 477. West, Barnham, 375. F., 369, 366, 374, 389. Francis, Esq., 524. John, 36. Melton, 481, 578. Mr., I27. Sir William, 337. — William, 374,375, 378,387,389. West’s “Symboloegraphy,” 375, 669. Westby, Mr., 337. Mr. Henry, 450. Mr. George, 450. — Mr. Thomas, 453. Westford Bridge, 8. Westminster, 33, 71,74, 82 N, 84, go N, I34, I62, I63. — Mathew of, I5. Westmoreland, Earl of, 375. Westwike, 20. Westwold, Richard, I35. Wetewang, Walter de, Institution of, as rector of the half of Rother- ham Church, 34. Wetherby, 384. Weyland, Thomas, de 27. Wharfe, The River, 608. Wharncliffe Chase, Io2. Crags, 664. Park, I7. — Rocks, 623. Wheathill, 355, 682. — Foundry, 687. Wheatley, 8. — Ferdinand, 618. on the Common Prayer Book, quoted, 339. Wheatstone, Mr., 675. Whinfield, 6, 7, 8, 616. Whistan, John de Newton de, 25. Whiston, 8, 36, 38, 47, 297, 338, 379, 406, 480, 57.I. = Woodhouse, 8, 37. — Junction, 4.N. — Thomas, 366. Woodnett, Laurence, 80, 366, 417. Wood-Nook, Io, II. Woodruffe, Sir Richard, Io9. Woodthorpe, 8. Worall, Ric., 77. Worcester, 465. — Marquis of, I'7I. Wordsworth, 146, 671 N. Worksop, 209, 479,578, 6II N, 642. Worsbrough, 671. — Dale, 670. Wortley, 6, IOI, IO2, 440, 445, 458 N, 6I6. Family, Pedigree of, named, 48. - — Hall, IOI. James Archibald Stuart, Esq., 527. Lady Emmeline Stuart, 672. Richard, 23, 445. I — Sir Francis, 664. Nicholas de, 48. — Thomas, IOI, Io2, Io9. Wortley's Evidences, 34N. Wright, Dr. 460. Fra., 283. Mr. Thomas, 597. “Writs of Privy Seal,” 68 N. Wycliffe, 40. Wylde, Mr. Thomas, 456. Wynter, Thomas, 77. Wynteworth, Thomas de, 35. Wytmore, William, 77. Wyuledon, 80. Y Whiston, John, 36. White, Rev. H. Master, 587. Whitefield, George, 457, 458, 47I, 473, 475, 480. Whitfield, Mr. W., 572, 573. Whitehall, 451, 452. White Hall, 616. Whitehead, Rev. G., 468. Whittington, 8, 604. Whyghtman, John, 77. Whyston, Over, 37. Whyte, Richard de, 39. * Wickersley, 342, 456, 586, 629, 657. — Peter de, 39. - Rock, 627. Wigfull, Mr. Thomas, 540, 54I. . Wild, Mr., 66. Wilkinson, Henry, 281. — Rev. James, 271, 272, 527. Williams, Dr. Edward, 461. List of Works by, 462, 463. Williamson, Thomas, 83. Willis's, Brown, “History of Abbeys,” quoted, 90, 97. “History of Cathe- drals,” quoted, 90. - Willoughby, Lord, 606. Wilson, George, 77. John, 608, 667. — Mr., 606. - Rev. W. R., 608. William, 454, 455. Winchester, 27, 90, I44, 363, 661 N. Wincobank, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, II, IO4, 6I2, 614, 615, 627, 67.I. Windgap Oak, 518. Window Money, 430. Winfield, IoA. Wingerworth, 8. Wingfelde, 384. Wingham, 90, 97. Winton, Ig. P., 27. Wirrall, Hugh, 81. John, 81. Thomas, 81. Withers, Mr., 346. — J. B. Mitchell-, on Rother- ham Church, 83. Witler, Mr. 456. Wolhouse, William, 36. Wolfe, General, 670 N. Wolff, Dr. Joseph, 676. Wombwell, 37, 365 N. — Nicholas, 80. Woollen, Ralph, 353. Woolley, Io9. Wooburn, 459. Wood, Mr., 667. Mrs., 599. Wood’s “Athenae Oxoniensis,” quoted, 339.340, 342, 450 N. “Fasti Oxoniensis,” I67. Woodhill, 670. Yarbrough, Justice, I28. Yarburgh, Dr., 337. Yarrington’s “England's Improvement by Sea and Land,” I2. “Yates,” Names of, 386. Yates, Haywood, and Drabble, 684. Dr. Holt, 586, 657. Mr. James, 466,467,671 N,683. Mr. William, 493, 494. Sketch of career of 496, 498. Yole, John, 39. York, 5, 19, 20, 2I, 29, I29, 132, 450, 455, 476, 595, 596, 603, 613. — Archbishop of, 7, 19, 32, 33, 34, 36, 86, 95, IOO, IO4, IOG, I36, I65, 272, 281, 282, 288, 329, 587, 592, 64I. — Duke of, I62, 163. — Thomas, 81. - “Yorkshire Archaeological and Topo- graphical Journal,” 45 N, 603. Yorkshire Engine Works, 615. Young, Arthur, 524. Yowle, Oliver, 374. 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