hit ..., the ' + ++ * + ... : . . .'..' : *** *** * . ..: . ' A - . - * - i . L3 r < YUN . SI 22' . - + ++ JAS . 1 -3. . -.. . +-+ *' . .* . *** P . .. ! . . . . . . . . . UPEI * UVCLASSWEET ORNL 3 t + . 1 . * . * ta V . 12. : . ..*.. *** 358 : : DY T . . REPRODUCED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY TORNUP-858 oprope Drie-s . iwe " Paper for presentation at Second Conference on Industrial Casiboa and Gray.ite, London, England, April 1965 ili INPANT RESISTANCE OF T5L5D GRAPHITE SPITRES FOR PEBBE O REACTOR APPLICATIONS C. 0. Smit** ans J. M. Robbins Metals and Ceramics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee for putteettom of a Word- , the me u Werar Dolor to the towance ard. In the U.S.A.B.C. menonto conce the uma man pat par us botas alati farm mit 1:01 !?? F:13:IC RELEASE - OFFICIAL d........... ..188E ZADE. OFFICIAL fico...i, lifrar UC (![D. REPORT Cliopi"!!.. :::8111 !iſ Of A INT INTEREST, PROCEDUCES OR HILE IN RECEIVING SECTION. The paper mug wobe *Research sponsored by iki ü. S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation. **Speaker. -TEOAL NOTICE - water CONTATS Abstract .................. Introduction ......... Impact Resistance o: Solid Graphite .... Specimens and Test Methods .......... Comparison of Grades of Grapnite ..... Effect of Drop Height E::ect of Specimen Size ....... Variation in Properties .. Efiect of Density on Properties ... Effect of Thermal Cycling . Failures and Damage Region ... Impact resistance of Fuel Elements Specimens and Test Methods Effect of Design and Fabrication Variables Other Concepts ........ Concepts ............................ Conclusions ...................................... Recommendations for future Investigations ..... 1 ABSTRACT üramite red spheres for on-streameling of cas-coolca reac:ors 5: the pebble bed-type moted 8t withster.d rezzated drops. A program to develop & :wel sphere to meet the requirements or the German Pebble Bed Reactor (AVR) cocused attent!07 on the machined-s.ell concept in which a preroided spher. ical fiel insert (containing pyrolytic-carbon coated (Th,U)ca particles in & creante matrix) 18 cemented in a precachined, fully graphitized, unrueles sirell. Two studies were underteken: (1) evaluation of impact resistance 0Conclally available crepite :07 tre shell and (2) determinatio.. o: the new siell thickness required and the effect of insert-shell caps, wica could be present initiail; or develop during reactor operation. in the initial study, 1.5-in.-diam spreres, machined from four graces cf extruded graphite and 2012 Grades omolded graphite, were dropped from 3 mi cato a steel plate until zailure. Grace AJJ graphite was clear y tre best ani was used almost exclusively in :urther tests. me results of Cree-drop tests on ATJ show: .. pact resistance decreases as drog height increases. 2. Chaco resistance depends c. specimen. size wita sesi resistance in tre smilest specimens. 3. Impacó: resistance varies from one block to another with no cor- relation. šetween impact resista::ce o: a given sphere and its original 05.1720..the Diock. 4. Jüix-density variations between 1.65 and 1.80 g/cm3 have no erzect on Liect resistance. 5. All damage occurs within the outer 7/16 in. of 6-cm-dian spheres. c. Themal cycling in vacances en can save an aiverse exiect while sintier cyciing in heliwn or hydrogen cas none. Results of drop-weight tests substantiate to... conclusions derived from free-crop tests. In the fueled-sphere tests; simulated elements (the fueled portion simulated by a spriere of solid CS-312 paphite) were dropped from home onto a bed of graphite spheres until cailure or 75 drops, whichever was less, followed by dropping of surviving elements from bo na onto a steel plate to failure. The results are: - 0 brities in .... .... 1. The effects of preassembly cleaning and variations ... plus-closure torques between 15 and 50 in.-25 and in types of conents (P-516, C-20, Gr. Hexalon) are negligible. 2. Elements with uncemented inserts are clearly infcrio: to elements with completely cemented inserts. 3. Shells witz: 0.8-cu-thick walis Ere satisfactory ro: omina. reial clear:2003 between insert and shell o: 0.005 to 0.010 in., but 1.00 to 1.2.2.-taick shells would be required for clearances of 0.020 to 0.025 in. INTRODUCTION : Graphite Mel spheres for on-stream frieling of gas-cooled reactors of the pebble bed-type must withstand repeated drops. For example, the tenta- tive speciiicatior.s for the AVR state that, atter 10 thermal cycles in vacuum Wutween room temperature and 1000°C, cach 6-cm-diam fuel element must be able to sustain 50 drops from a heicht of 6 m (13.1 ft) onto a close-packed bed of 6-cm-diam solid fraphite spheres three layers deep. A program to develop a fuel sphere to meet these and other AVR requiremer.ts focused attention on the machined-shell concept in which a premolded spher- ical :rel insert (containing pyrolytic-carbon coated (Th,C)uz particles in a graphite matrix) is cemented in a premachined, fully graphitized, uniueles shell with a threaded plus. Two related courses of investigation were under take.. to develop this concept: (1) evaluation of impact resistance of com- mercially available graphite zor the shell and (2) determination of the minime shell thiciness required and the effect of insert-shell gaps, which could be present initially or develop during reactor operation. IMPACT RESISTANCE OF SOLID GRAPHITE rour crades of extruded (TSX, AGOT, CS-312, and HLM-85) and four srades of colded (C-18, 9050, 3499-S, and ATJ) graphite, all commercially available, were considered for use as shell material. Grade HOLM-85 graphite is produced by Great Laices Carbon Company, grades 3499-5 and 9050 graphites by Speer Carcon Company, and the other five grades by Carbon Products Division of Union Carbide Corporation. Specimens and Test Methods All specimens were machined as solid spheres from graphite available in Oak Ridge from stock obtained by normal purchase. Three types o: tests were performed: 1. In the free-drop test, the sphere was dropped from the desired height onto a 2-in.-thick steel plate bolted to a concrete pad. Orienta- tion or the specimen from one drop to the next was completely randon. . .. 2. I. "; Bru, te ci ce inne . d i lavoro . ..... ... eri aloil, 1. ccendo varia he was. van..-. 1 binatione zu wer": oni , porilo taci n :0cme win 2+ ...SC . Oracion Ot!e pec c ato mas co....com.. -Itoni ne rree üion is to in condit10.2, Win 07- musiivne ücrocopa 202 CO........ nimic: control Co toa d Carr. Cocchi evalüütici. Co c ircums, ir wiemy 02 the doors act rüs trio c .. rou. Hoppu pitäisi i I.. the di n ing the S.: cruz üveg veu" contentcontent. Ometisvec.ö... ...; v0.i., Miccio e cc.plète cciiiiocou irüüa. 0. lo . 1.2 in poceniowanie uleiumbo wani "Any L ouis 16- cüsü durdu s is om is dit vicceiil; ani, 0: 2 1 I02.C . iniluri. Eccocks in livslän i o linij..... .- nou iu 21... ci vitica cinj :-; 0. jy other crimü os Ciceu above ior chips." in cur verbe, big diełect vizibe to u cje was consecues mnis criterion is only slicna more us thin the A3 sierrichten. ......... . ...3 . : "...pag 9 .* ': 1, Companicci. Griviowe Czuprite Sundades of extrudei -Oui ünni che collec gram phe... 0i 1.5-in. diam were , 305, CS- , ... :1-33) (C-10, 20, 3493-8, à A ) s e cu inci 0.11. crucia di Lusiva .. .. sults o inci t ö : (42.6 ) .. ...niin on the vertica. Trünce vie prin cuci dan memes ties prin ... The data. men som de witte zor the mai sus, copecia ATJ, is ac lcäis : wij tiiviset türü sporco co along we center lines 02 ....cel... (4-12 die...) catmusions, cpheres were taken from seve: plaču. . tlü muss 360: 2:rela larce inolácà pieces (e.E., MTU Woche in 9 3: 20 * 2.. 1.... Cmic cu ..... ... ... ... ... . |: - ... ن ...... مان :: نی تن و ......... مهنة ....... : ۔۔۔ ننت :.. .... ... ... ... منة ف... .... نه ..!نم ... ... ... . .. ..... ن : . من ......... : ..." : ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... :::::::... . ن :::..::: :::... ... .. .. منار نت : ته مهم ..... ... .. ... . :::... ... ... ... من :::: ة :. .:::... ... ..ت ن... ... ... هن.... . ...... - تنانه :... ......... :: ::: , مد ::.. من ................ . ..... . من ن ت:: ::. .... .::تشتت :: :: :: : :: ........................... . ... . . . ..... ........ : :: :: :: :: :: :: .. ::::: ... ... ... ... . ... ................ ......... .:.:. :: :ه : ن... نة :: ثم ت... ... ...... و ...... . . . . . . . من ....... نا .. . نا نننم. م ::. ::..::.. .... ... : ...::: ::......... ..... .... ... ... ::: : . . .: : نة :::: . ..ما ... . . . . . . ماما م ن . . . . م . سه .... . . ... . . مم .. من .. ، زندان..مت: :: ,د:: :: :::::::: : . ... ... ..:: :: :: : :: :: :: :: . تند: ونتمن :. :... ، : : : : من ... ... ... ... ... همه ... ها : زنان 15 تندمت ن دم. .. .. .. ... ... ... د.نه دره تنه :.. :: .تمدن ته ته وند:آن که این دارد . ... ..... من ن ن ن ن ننه ....... جرمن: نه ده ن . : ) .. :: . . . . . . . ::: نه تن تن :ان..:: :: :: :: : : :: .::. .::. :: ... نه نه نه نه با شانها انه :... ...: :: sة :- ژن : . من ثانية .- :) تا .......: :: ::: :: ::.. :::: نعت ::ته: 192 is ( .) .2 ... ... ... ، ت نان....... ... ...::: ::: دهنه to i 3 :: ::..::::..... و مننه : ما :: د. ن... . ::. و من .:: ! s ki tiaنننة : نج-جون .. ..::.. ::... ...:: نت نند... ... ... من NE 3 . ... ... .' -r ... . . ...... . ü en ... colide üürace 2..... -ories üncü vide vasario .- i. . . . . ' sü: cüinstä... viszün . .... inci ...“.. : .... ... vii, :: iowe .. :.. . ******.co. ** Swiv.. 2:0 1:2 S 2 :40: w... miglioration Hi! W i ll .... . ..... 27 . Dacy-W211... vedi 16-c.......... ... cer. 2: 2.61 - 0 . 12.09 one ots also i .... . ... .... ..... uleivä. 4106-103 00 02 üle ma in 202 view medias 20 W - 5 trian 2. Vem, ti - aroverci cücü 0:00 in vie. colo cimdi ;10; piota. cinco; drop-kuieres C i vivii ci ».3-:-.- income resol .. dopie 30 :.5-1... . cri concordare cho:-.. .. l ar cevidzi. ro uzacu o capite. Durations (1) and ( i elasticity. Danaczo- üpplication. Ci these cours e Orsis is perlaps üü jeans para üül to tre anisotru 20.0vicius 0 gupilie. Samo da vica: oi applicüvion i::.- Si on-livinü ve bana pun dic të vësudion of hum or, ilire varying i n as the xi.... loii or strece. Din Ha j i iests oi' 2.5-...- ., i interneta vietettiin ens historience w . . " ع ب د من ت ا دهه ۶۰ م. سرم هغ ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ....... ...... .. ... ... ... .... .... ..... ........ ه نوم ...... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . : : م. :: ... نه :: مهم : برنم... از " . . . .... .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ..... . . .. ... ... ... ....... رد.... : : : : ...... .. ...:::... ...:::... .... ....... : ... :: ...:-- : . سه ...... ... ... ... ...:::... ... .. .. ... .... ..... .... ..... .... انا ما ن نا.. ... ... ... .. . . . . . . . ... ... . . به . ه: ۰ : ۲۰ م د .::. .: ..:: :: . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. ... ...... زنه : ... : : : : : : . :: ::.. . . . . .. . ........ .. * . .. . . . ... . . . . . . .... .... . م . ... ... .... ... ...... . .... .. ... . ... . . ...... ما :.. ::.. :: : ..... . . . .. . ....... .......... ......... .... ۰۰۰ر ۱۰۰۰ .. ... . . . ... .. . : :::::. ••• نز. . . . . . . . . . .. ... : - ... ۱۰ . | | U .:.:. ::خ ... ... . من ... . ..... ... ... ... ... نه تنه . . . .. . عنه :: ....... : ا ::::: :: ......... در ...... ت... . . ... ... ... .. ... ... ...:::..:: من .... : د. رتن ...... .. ....... " :::::... ... ... -:...: :: :: ::: :: :: :: :: :: :: .:::.. ..::.. هنا :: .:::... ... .... . :: اننا نمت ..... ...... اره : ::: ::... ............ من... .. : م : ...: : متن : مدنمان ..::.. :: : ....... به تن ت ن ... د - -.:: نن نة ::: نامت... :: :::::...... : ...::: ...::: ::::::: :: :: :: .:.:.:.: :: . نا . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. تو... ت : : وان. :: نره ... .... .::: :: م.، .::. .: بره هم نما :: :: :: :: ::: :::::: ::::::: :::... ... ... .. ن ا :: ذهن ان.... ، أن ... أمنية ::::::::.. .دمات و ... همه ... ::.. ::::::::... ...ت. من تن، م هنة : من "نترس ::. ::.. : : مه نده ن ، نا، نه :::::::: :::... :- :::... ::::: . : ::.. .. ...::: . .. من ت::: . . ... . . نن نن نن من :: :: . .. :: :: :: من نه مننننن:::... ...::: . . . . . . . ۰ ۰۰ ۰۰۰۰۰۰۰ ۰۰۰ همه. ۱۰۰ م. ۰۰۰ين : . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . ... مده: ....مه ... ۰۶ به ۹۰ هم... مد ... - م . .. . . .. . شه ... . . و . . .. .. .. .. .. : :: .. .. .. .. ...: . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . ... .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ۱۰۰۰. م م , ۱ ۰ ب . ... ... .. .. .. ... ... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . : ....... . .. .. ... ... ....... ... ... .. .. ................... ...... :: . ... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . ۰۰ ۱۰ . . . ..... . نا نة ... ::::::: .. .. ن .... . . . . . . .... .... ..... ...::: : ...:... .. .. . . ... .. ... ... ....... ...........ان : به ..... :... ة ...م. م. - ...ت - نت نندن ..::.. .. ... ....... ... ... . ت ا ده.... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . ... . ..... ....... ... . . ... . .. ... ........... . . . . . . . ...... . . . . :: . . . . .......... .. . ..::: :: :: مه ن : :::::. :::... ... ... .... . ... .نان :: ::: :: :: ... ... . .. ....... .::. ::. .: :. . ... ..... ....... ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . ... . ... ... .... . ... ... ... ....... .. :: مه ن :: :: :: : ...هند: ت... :... ..... . :: : .. .. .. .. .. :.:.: ..... ...:::.. ::::... ...: .. . ..... .... ... ..: ... .. .. ... .. . .. .. .. .. ... . .. . ....... ..... .. .. .. ... ..... ..... .. : :::... :: :::... ... .... ... . . . . . . .... : ........: :.. ........... ...... ..:: .. .. .. .. ...:::: . . . . . ۶۰۰۰ ۰.م .. ،، م و م د... بخند .. :: ..: : . مه . ...... ...... ... ... نور ) .::: .::: .:: .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ه : می دا ن م منه. .. . . . . . ....... نا ... ... .... ... ..... .... ..... .... .... ....... ..... . . . ... .. .. . دفمندزنده. منم. منع .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. ... ... ... . . . . .. . . . .... ..... . ..... . و .. .... .... .... .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... : و ..:: :::... ... ... ...... ...... ... ... ...:: ..:: . ... . .. ... ... ...:: ..:: .. .. .. .. . . . ....... .... .......... .... · .. ......... ... : .. . . . . 是 ​, . . ... .... …... .. ... ... ... ...:::: :. .. . . ..... .... ....... .. .. .. : . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... ..... .. .. .. .. .. ... ...:: ..: ............ ........ .. .. . . ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... . ... ... . . ..... ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . ... . . .. . .. .. .. .. :نا . . . ....... ............. .. . . .. .. .. ... ...:::..::. :: . . .. ... ...... : ... ... . . . ........... ..... :... ..:: ::.. :: :: :: ::. ... ما ..:.. ... ... ... ... ... .. ::... ... ..... ... ... . . . . . ::. :::: : :::..:::... ...:... ::.: ::..:.: . . . ... . . . . .. ... ..... ... ..::: : :... .. . ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. . :::تان ...::: :::: من ن... ....... ... .:::::..::: :::: - ... .. .. ...ان. , نا... .. ...... ::..:: . . ... ... ... ... ... ... . :: . ... ... . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . . . . :::: :: :: :: :: :: :: :... م . :::::: ::::: :::. ... :ع :: .::.:::....:::::: . .. .. .. .. .. .. ........ : : : : : : : : . ............. ..... .... ت . ..... ...... ..... . .... . . . . . ..... ....... ... ..:: : : . . . ..... .:: :: :::. .. .. ... .. . .. . . . . :::::... : . . . . . .. .. .. .. ... . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. وا ........... ..... .... ... .... ... ..... ..... ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. مه.... ...:":. ::.. .. ... .. .. .. ... ... ... :: ... ... .... .... ..... : ............. : ... :: - . .. ..... ... .. . .... ... :............ .... ..::: :::. سنة ..: :. . . . . . . . مهم. ... مه ... مه .. .. .. مه م م .. ::::::::::: ...رمان :::... ... . ..... ....... |::. : ....... ...:::::.....::::: ............: :: : :::... ::::: ... ... ....... ... ........ :: ::. . : :..... . . . ... . . .. . . .. . . . : ... :: ..::. ............ .:.:.:.:.: :. ه . ... .. .. .. :: من................ . ............... ... ... :::: ......... ..... .. با و LIST OF PICURES Mg. 1. Comparison of thumber of Drops for failure in Free-Drop Toot. ORNI DWO 66-3656 ORAL-DWO 66-3662 Mo. b. Erfoot of Sphero 81ze on thumber of Drops for failure in frue Drop of ATJ. ORUL-DWO 66-5460 Ms. 6. Relationship Between Donsity and Drops for Hilur in Troo- Drop Tost of bordlan solid ATJ Spheres onto Steel Plata from 1 1. Y-96849 Me. 10. Soction of bocah-dia ATJ Bphor Wich Talled on Drop 190 frau 5 i onto • Stool Mato. 3x. . .......-. .---...- • •..- .... ORTL-DUO 66-4055 Mo. 2. Relationship between free-Drop Resistance and Crushing Strength of seven Graphitas; 1 1/2-in.-dia Solid Spheres. ARILDHO 66-3666 M8. 3. Preo-Drop Tests of 6-cb-diu solia Spheres of ATI. Effect of drop height on lapact ute; lepact on steel plato. OROLL-DhO 66-3665 Me. 5. Variation in Pallure ia sroo-Drop Test. Eloven lots of ATJ graphite; 6-ca-dia solid sphere dropped with randa orientation frou 13 u onto steel plato. arit-DWO B4-5656 Ma. 7. Brrect of Thermal Cycling from Roon Temperature to 1000°C on failure to Drop-Weight Test (2.61 ft-lb/in.' of Sphere) of 6-cb-dia ATJ Spbenı. ORUL Photo Ms. 8. Typical Pallures in ATJ Spheres Dropped frou 13 w onto a Steel Plata. . brand-DWO 54-6061 M8. 9. Crushing Lord of 6-cn-dlu spheres of ATJ Qraphite (Unsuled) erter Dropping from 5 , with Randon Orientation onto Steel Plata. ORIL-DWO 66-3456 Ma. u. Crushing Loud of 1 1/2-1n.-dia spberes Machined Concentricully from 6-cm-dia Spheres arter Fullure in Drop-Weight Test. ORIIL-DTC 66-5457 Mg. 12. Schematic AVR Fuel Element Destos. ORIL-DINO 66-3657 Mg. 13. Comparison of thumber of Drops for failure in Free-Drop Test of Various Shell Models. ORIIL-DWO 66-3659 8. lh. Comparison of Humber of Drops for failure in Pree-Drop Test of various Shell Models. DRUL-DWO B4-3660 Mg. 15. Comparison of Member of Drops for Failure 1n Pree-Drop Test of Shell Models J and K. ORKL Photo $5392 Mg. 16. Typical Failures in AVR fuel Klements; -Drop onto Bed of Graphite Spheres. ORIL Photo B3387 Fig. 17. Grade NCL Meled Sphere with l-cr-thick ATJ and Injection Molded Insert. Free-drop test fron k n. UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64 -3656 175 172-in.-diam SPHERES RANDOM ORIENTATION FROM 13 motors + ONTO STEEL PLATE NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE 10 to NUMBER OF SPECIMENS 9 17 10 15 V 3 ATJ TSX No No AGOT C-18 9050 3499-5 CS-312 HLM-85 ( EXTRUDED MOLDED UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-4055 5000 4500 4000 3500 09050 OC-18 CRUSHING LOAD (ID) O AGOT - FREE DROP, 13 meters WITH RANDOM ORIENTATION ONTO STEEL PLATE MOLDED EXTRUDED 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE IN FREE DROP 120 130 140 150 UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-3664 - NUMBER OF SPECIMENS NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE 4 8 12 16 20 DROP HEIGHT (meters) 24 28 UNCLASSIFIED ONWL-Dwa 64-362 STEEL PLATE, 13 motors (KINETIC ENERGY OF 2.61ft-10 Min.) -NUMBER OF SPECIMENS NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE DIAMETER (in.) UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-3665 104 (ALL LOTS) NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE NUMBERS INDICATE NOS OF SPECIMENS FROM EACH LOT UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-3460 DENSITY OF INDIVIDUAL SPHER 1.65 50 100 NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE NUMBER OF DROPS FOR FAILURE VIRGIN (134 SPECIMENS) ALL LOTS VIRGIN (10) SAME LOT 10 CYCLES IN VACUUM (10) VIRGIN (19) 10 CYCLES IN VACUUM (20) SAME LOT 10 CYCLES IN HELIUM (10) CYCLE IN HYDROGEN (10) ORNL-DWG 64-5686 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED ORNL - DWG 64-4064 CRUSH LOAD (1b) NUMBER OF SPECIMENS 2000 1000 ALL SPHERES FROM SAME LOT OF GRAPHITE 50 100 150 200 NUMBER OF DROPS BEFORE CRUSHING 0:0 bil line HES DE 7227 1207201 DE 20973 374_24172 : من . : : ملز اور م. .. . . . . UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-5456 CRUSHING LOAD (ID) • 2.61 • 5.22 ft-lb/in? OF SPHERE ATJ GRAPHITE A 7.83). 25 75 NUMBER OF WEIGHT DROPS TO FAILURE 50 100 CARBON CEMENT UNFUELED SHELL PLUG UNCLASSIFIED : ORNL-DWG 64-5457 CONTACT AREA CONTACT AREA FUEL INSERT Α UNFUELED SHELL SOCKET SLIP PLUG -CONTACT AREA CONTACT AREA- Qoço UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-3657 $410 ĮBia STEEL PLATE NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE BED OF SPHERES ATJ SHELLST 0.8-cm WALL 5-mil NOMINAL RADIAL CLEARANCE P-514 CEMENT -4-meter DROP RANDOM ORIENTATION CS-312 INSERT SERT | SUBSCRIPTS ARE NUMBER OF SPECIMENS NUMELE SCRITSETAIMENTS MODEL AY MODEL B MODEL G MODEL I MODEL J UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-3659 STEEL PLATE NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE BED OF SPHERES ATJ SHELLS 0.8-cm WALL 40-mil NOMINAL RADIAL CLEARANCE Ep-514 CEMENT 4-meter DROP RANDOM ORIENTATION CS-312 INSERT Y SUBSCRIPTS ARE NUMBER OF SPECIMENS MODEL A MODEL G MODEL J MODEL H MODEL I, MODEL 12 - MODEL B UNCLASSIFIED ORNL-DWG 64-3660 STEEL SPLATE _ JO RIO NUMBER OF DROPS TO FAILURE BED OF SPHERES -- ATJ SHELLS MODEL J-0.8-cm WALL MODEL K-1.0-cm WALL P-514 CEMENT CS-312 INSERT DROP HEIGHT, 4 meters SUBSCRIPTS ARE NUMBER OF SPECIMENS 10 30 20 NOMINAL RADIAL CLEARANCE (mils) ........... ...... . . . :: 00 Oo oo Fm.si ....... : Table 1. Variatia in lpect and Crushing Behavior of 6-cm-dila ATJ Spbero F.D. D.W. 82 CRUSH 6290 lb F.D. 55 D.W. CRUSH 6810 lb F.D. 59 D.W. 39 100 79 67 D.W. CRUSH F.D. D.W. CRUSH F.D. D.W. CRUSH 5560 lb 62 6180 lb 21 61 6000 lb CRUSH F.D. D.W. CRUSH F.D. D.W. CRUSH F.D. 5810 lb 21 64 6730 lb 74 73 6300 lb 89 F.D. - NO. OF DROPS WITH RANDOM ORIENTATION FROM 13 meters ONTO STEEL PLATE FOR FAILURE. D.W. - NO. OF DROPS OF 12.13 lb WEIGHT THROUGH 17 7/8 in. (18.07 ft-lb) (2.61 ft-lb/in. 3 OF SPHERE) FOR FAILURE. NI 4 . : WS UNCLASSIFIED ORNL 358 20F2 Table 2. Effect of Thermal Cycling In Vacuum on One Lot of ATJ Graphite 104 65 72 NO. SPECS. MIN. AVG. MAX. CRUSH TEST (LOAD, 1b) THERMALLY CYCLED 10 5320 5920 7260 VIRGIN 5620 6210 7950 VIRGIN (ALL LOTS) 2600 6620 9960 FREE DROP TEST, 13 m, STEEL PLATE (DROPS TO FAILURE) THERMALLY CYCLED 10 27 43.7 VIRGIN 50.0 78 THERMALLY CYCLED (2 LOTS) 14 27 46.4 VIRGIN (ALL LOTS) 104 21 59.7 116 DROP WEIGHT TEST, 18.07 ft-16* (DROPS TO FAILURE) THERMALLY CYCLED 37 55.8 VIRGIN 10 42 66.6 87 VIRGIN (ALL LOTS) 26 77.8 161 10 CYCLES FROM ROOM TEMPERATURE TO 1000°C IN VACUUM (IN Hg). 6-cm-diameter SOLID SPHERES. *2.61 ft-lb/in. 3 OF SPHERE. 10 110 2 Table 3. Results of Free-Drop Tests or Simulated AVR Fuel Elements, 6-cm-diam and 0.8-cm-thick-wall ATJ Shells, CS-312 Inserts Line Number Model Type Nominal Radial clearance (mils) Cement Used Portion Cemented Ultrasonic Cleaning_ Closure Torque (in.-lb) Number of Specimens Onto Bed of Spheres Minimum Average Maximum Onto Steel Plate Minimum Average Maximum 758 i 3.6 F 39.8 ܝܝܬܝܬ ܝ ܝ Yes Yes Yes No No NO 23,0 758 10 y 1 1.3 6.2 6.8 o 24.6 ܬ Yes w 6.8 P-514 All P-314 All P-514 All P-514 AU P-514 All P-514 All P-514 Threads only P-514 Threads only C-10 All P-514 All P-514 All P-514 All P-514 All P-514 All P-514 P-514 All Hexalon All Do tū ro o o o ū G ØGGGG on öuunnõtu u uuuuoira Yes NO 1.9 NO vu o coma 3.2 Yes 8ܝ ܝ ܝ8%8ܝ Yes No o com ürünü ALI NO 10.28 3.8 1.7 1.7 tnwy No No 45.78 All specimens survived without failure. Not measured. Fourteen specimens survived without failure. Grade AGOT graphite. Four specimens survived without failure. Torque not required. BThree specimens survived without failure. UNCLASSIFIED ORNL DWG. 64.4466 Table hio kerults of Free-Drop Tests on Fueled-Graphite Spheres from Other Laboratories SPECIMEN NUMBER THERMAL CYCLED NUMBER OF SPECIMENS NUMBER OF DROPS FROM 4 METERS BED OF STEEL PLATE SPHERES MIN. AVG. MAX. 75 GA-VS15 GA-VS16 NO NO 75 NO YES 75 NCL-VS2 NCL-VS2 3M-VS15 3M-VS15 3M-VS17 3M-VS18 3M-VS18 NWNWW NN NN , NO YES NO NO 75 76 75 109 114 105 217 279 240 75 266 YES 75 111 176 °A THIRD SPECIMEN FAILED ON THE 16th DROP ONTO THE STEEL PLATE. THE MODE OF FAILURE STRONGLY SUGGESTED POOR BONDING BETWEEN CORE AND SHELL. - This paper was submitted for publication in the open literature at least 6 months prior to the issuance date of this Micro- card. Since the U.S.A.E.C. has no evi- dence that it has been published, the pa- per is being distributed in Microcard form as a preprint. DATE FILMED 5/ 3 /65 LEGAL NOTICE - This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. 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