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A Century of Connectivity
at the University of Michigan
Edited by
Nancy Bartlett
Nancy Deromedi
Alice Goff
Christa Lemelin
Brian Williams
BENTLEY HISTORICAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN


Published with the assistance of the Jay J. Seaver Fund, an endowment of the
Bentley Historical Library; University of Michigan.
Bentley Historical Library
Bulletin No. 55, December 2007
© 2007-Bentley Historical Library
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
Bentley Historical Library
The University of Michigan
1150 Beal Ave.
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2113
USA
Phone: 734.764.3482
Reference e-mail: bentley.refs@umich.edu
Website: bentleyu.mich.edu
Printed by Goetzcraft Printers, inc.
Cover Image: Male telephone operator, A-198, Box 9, Sam St urgis Photographs,
Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.

(1)


FOREWORD
As I compose this foreword, myr computer is open to my e-rmail, to the Internet, and to
a couple of collaborative working documents. My cell phone is on my desk. With little
effort I can move easily from one complex task to another and confer with colleagues
across campus or on other continents. In the modern sense of the term, I am truly
"connected." It was only thirty years ago when the entire Bentley Historical Library still
relied on two phone lines-designated on black telephones with button.s that were lit
to indicate what lines were in use. We were connected then, too, in terms of the 1.970s.
One hundred years ago, the University of Michigan invested in "connectivity" with the
establishment of its own telephone exchange on campus. At the time, in June 1907,
this was celebrated by the university in its College of Engineering publication,
The Michi an Technic:
Tieephone service on the Campus is now a reality Some sixty odd pairs oftelephone bells
jingle in the /ofeces ofou r differentprofessors and o/ficials and the business ofthe Univ;ersity
has received an acceleration which is, afier all, only a part of'its natural growth. These are
days ofhigher pressures; higher steam pressures, hiher fed wire pressures, higher business
pressures, and it is only natural that the University take part in this advance. The telephone
is merely an instrument in this progress. But with its own telephone exchange on the
Campus and its own telephone girls ready to give service night and day, the growth, size,
importance, and progres siveness ofthe University is indicated
While the campus has seen progress on many fronts since the publication of that
statement, the university has been particularly eager to "increase the pressure" on itself
through newer communication and computation systems and the attendant cormplexi-
ties of associated business processes, academic research, and campus life.
To commemorate the centennial anniversary of the independent exchange system on
campus, the University Archives and Records Program staff has prepared this bulletin
along with a bookmark and a website celebrating the history of technologies of connec-
tion on the campus. This bulletin features the full text of the original June 1907
College of Engineering article quoted from above, a timeline and a sample of repre-
sentative photographic imnages celebrating a century of connectivity, and a listing of
archival sources on the history of computing at the University of Michigan's Bentley
H-Iistorical Library
Connectivity continues to evolve, as do the archives. New collections arrive to match
the latest iterations of technological advances, rendering the list of sources inevitably
incomplete. The online version of "The History of Computing at the University of
Michigan" is at http://bentley.umich.edulexhibits/computing/. The website design
was inspired in part by the work of David Huynh at MIT, who developed open source
software including the timeline application used on this site.
Fotr the preparation of this bulletin, thanks go especially to archivists Nancy Bartlett,
Nancy Deromedi, and Brian Williams of the University Archives and Records Program
at the Bentley Iistorical Library as well as Alice Goff and Christa Lemelin, Manuscripts
Assistants at the Bentley H-IistoricalI Library and graduate students in the University of
Michigan School of Information.
Francis X. Blouin, Jr.
Director


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(2)


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13


Connectivity     university of Michigan

1876  The telephone was invented.
1881  Ann Arbor's first telephone exchange, the
Bell Telephone Exchange, opened. The
Board of Regents Committee on Buildings
and Grounds ordered a telephone installed
in the Secretary and Steward's room of the
university1
1892 A telephone was installed at the
etroit Observa tory2
1897  A second telephone company, the
State Telephone Company, entered the
Ann Arbor market. The two systems
were not interoperational, so places of
business had to subscribe to both until 1912
when the two companies merged3
By a vote of six to one, the Board of Regents
approved a motion to allow the New State
Ilephone Company to install a phone in
the university Secretary's office at a cost not
exceeding $18.00 per year.
1898 The Board of Regents accepted a proposi-
tion from the New State Telephone Compa-
ny to furnish eight phones for the use of the
university at an annual rental of 100.00
for the lot, and every additional phone at
'i2.00 per year.
1899 Regent Kiefer moved that a telephone con-
nection be made between the Homeopathic
and University of Michigan Hospitals 6
1901 Professor George Patterson taught a course
in the Department of Electrical Engineer-
ing, entitled "Telephone and Telegraph."7

(3)

14


1903  A University of Michigan student, the
Athletic Association, and the Bell Telephone
Company teamed up to bring Wolverine
fans in Ann Arbor a nearly "live" account
of the Minnesota game played on October
31 in Minneapolis. The game ended in a
tie; it introduced the tradition of the "Little
Brown Jug" trophy
1905 The Electrical Engineering Laboratory was
set up in the basement of the West Engi-
neering Building. "Nine rooms with a total
floor area of approximately 5,000 square
feet were used for dynamo laboratories, tele-
phone and telegraph, photometry, calibra-
tion, and research."9
1906 A proposition made by the Michigan State
Telephone Company to install a private
campus telephone exchange for the use of
the university was accepted by the Board of
Regents upon the condition that the Build-
ing Committee oversee the work.10
The Board of Regents decided to locate
the telephone exchange in the Engineering
Building and to connect all university build-
ings to the exchangei1
1907 The Board of Regents directed the
university Secretary to execute the contract
submitted by the Michigan State Telephone
Company covering the campus exchange.
On motion of Regent Barbour, the Michi-
gan State Telephone Company was granted
permission to put a televant transmitter in
University Hall during the May Festival.12

15


1907    Live transmission of the May Festival Con-
cert as reported by The Michigan Daily:
DETROIT F/ABLED TO HEAR MAY
FES TIEAL CONCERTS
It is not Ann Arbor alone that is enjoying the
Ma ey cstival; each concert is heard with as
much pleasaure by eager listeners in Det roit as
by the cropw s in University Hall This new
departure in long distance sound transmission
is effcted by the use ofa recent
invention known as the "televant,"
in connection with the long distance
lines ofone of the local telephone       <Q
companies. T he "televant" is
essentialy an exceedingly  licate
and sensitive form of the ordinar?.
telephone transmitter. here are
two in use in University Hall fo
trans mitti ng the May F estival
concerts. 'hey are sucpended
about the center of the hall and
are scarcely noticeable to the casual
obser've, though a source ofmuch curiosity
to those whose attention they have attracted.
Apparently they are merely two small, round
black objects suspended rom wires stretched
across the hall and hanging almost directly
above Conductor Stock head. Thbey are,
however, connected to the batteries, induction
coils, and relays constitutin g the transmitting
apparatus, whereby the sound waves recorded
by them are amp/fied and reinforced
sujjciently for transmission to Detroit. The
concerts are being received in Detroit by only a
favor ed f , the object of the experiment being
rather to demonstrate the possibilities of the
"televant" than for business pu poses ... he
apparatus has heretofore been used chiely for
transmitting sermons and lectures.13

(6)

16


(7)

1927   As part of the new football stadium
construction, telephone lines were installed
in the press box.)4
1929 The university telephone exchange was
changed over to the dial system.i5
1935   The annual University of Michigan directory
was established to replace the separate faculty
and campus telephone directories.16
1939 The university had more than 1,400
telephones in its many buildings.17
1946 The Statistical Research Laboratory was
established in the basement of the Horace
H. Rackham Building under the direction
of Cecil Craig to "provide consultation and
statistical service for teaching and research
units of the University." Statistical analysis
and calculation were a primary use of early
computing technology. The laboratory also
housed the Sorting and Tabulating Station.18
1951   The first digital computer developed at
Michigan was MIDAC, short for Michigan
Digital Automatic Computer. The MIDAC
became operational at the university's Willow
Run Laboratories in 1953, running auto-
matic programming systems MAGIC and
EASIAC, written under the direction
of Professor John Carr III.9
1953 The College of Engineering began to offer
intensive short courses for graduate engineers
and scientists, called Summer Conferences.
The conferences were funded in part by a
large grant from the Ford Foundation. The
conferences were extremely well attended by
scientists and engineers across the country and
the program lasted over thirty years.2°

(9)

17


1956 Philosophy professor Arthur Burks founded
the Logic of Computers group as a research
collective of faculty with an interest in the
relationship between logical formalisms,
computers, and natural systems. Before
coming to the University of Michigan,
Burks was one of the principal designers and
a joint inventor of the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) at the
Moore School of Engineering, University of
Pennsylvania.21
1957   The Communication Sciences graduate
degree program was formed within the
College of Literature, Science and the Arts.
The program had roots in the Phonetics
Laboratory in the Department of Speech,
and the Logic of Computers Group in
the Department of Philosophy,
Arthur Burks played a key role in
developing this program. Core
curricular offerings included
automata theory, information and
probability theory, and analog and
digital computers.22
The Department of Electrical
Engineering began to offer
Digital Computing courses.
These included EE232 Analog
and Digital Computer Iichnology, EE235
Digital Computer Design Principles, and
EE238 Digital Computer Applications.23
1959 The Computing Center was established
as a "research and service activity of the
Graduate School" and was intended to
provide consultation and computing
service for teaching and research units of the
University." The center's first director was
Robert Bartels, who served until 1.978.24

(10)

(11)

18


(12)

1962   The Inter-university Consortium for
Political Research (ICPR) was founded as a
partnership between the Institute for Social
Research and twenty-one other universities,
to provide data support for research in the
social sciences. Later renamed the Inter-
university Consortium for Political and
Social Research (ICPSR), it has provided
access to the world's largest archive of
computer-based and instructional data for
the social sciences.5
1964 Dean Haber reported to the Regents that
"an entirely new and revolutionary field of
study is emerging from several disciplines,
each of which has interest in information
processing and adaptive systems." The new
Department of Communication Sciences
was established within the College of
Literature, Science and the Arts26
1966   The Michigan Educational Research
Information Triad (Merit) was formed
out of the Michigan Inter-university
Committee on Information Systems. A
goal of the Merit Network was to create an
educationally focused computer network
of academic institutions in Michigan. In
1987, Merit Network, under the direction
of Eric Aupperle, was awarded oversight
of the National Science Foundation's
NSFNET. The network would connect
thousands of researchers in the sciences and
technology at regional networks to NSF
supercomputer centers27
1971   The Computing Center moved from the
North University Building (NUBS) into
a new building on North Campus. A key
feature of the building was elevated (false)
floors that allowed the computer cables,
electrical services and over 900 telephone
lines to be safely tucked inside)8
19

(13)

(14)


1972 The concept of CRISP, or Computer
Registration Involving Student
Participation, began in the computer course
CSS673, taught by Professor Bernard
Galler. The class developed the concept for
a computerized registration system. CRISP   .
was initiated as the official method of course
registration in 1975 and moved to a touch-
tone telephone system in 1994."
1975   Ph.D. student Robert Parnes developed an
innovative conferencing software program
called CONFER as "an alternative to
face-to-face-communication" for partial
fulfillment of his doctoral degree in
philosophy. The first CONFER was called
K4HS:REConfer.30
1981 A new MESSAGE system was installed
on the Michigan Terminal System (MTS)
The "message system may be used to send
messages from one user to another user.
There are commands to compose and send
messages, to retrieve and reply to messages,
and to display the status of existing
messages." Users entered the system by the
$MESSAGE comma.and.3'
1983  The Computer Aided Engineering Network
(CAEN) began as part of a plan to expand and
intensify the research activities of the College of
Engineering in technology management, computer-
aided engineering, and communication.32
1984 Douglas E. Van Houweling was responsible for
the university's strategic direction in information
technology in a quickly changing computing
environment. He became the first Vice Provost
for Information. Technology, and also
chairman of the board of Merit, Inc. when
the NSF awarded Merit the responsibility
for management of NSFNET in 1987.'

(1 5)

(16)

20


(7)

1985 In September 1985, a pilot program called
ResComp was started in one residence
hall. By January 1. 986, it had expanded to
all residence halls. The project included
a "research program aimed in part at
identifying students' computing needs."'34
The Regents and Vice Provost Van
Houweling realized the university's need
for an administrative structure to support
its growing implementation of information
technology The Information Technology
Division was formed as a consolidation of
several existing technology departments,
including the Computing Center, the Office
of Administrative Systems, the Center for
Infornmation Technology Integration, and
the Office of Instructional ' echnology.3
1986   The university completed the installation
of a new telecommunication system on
the Ann Arbor campus with scheduled
extension to its other campuses. Ownership,
operation, and maintenance of the system
including its 27,000 telephone lines
belonged to the university.36
The first "MacTruck" sale was held February
7 and 8 at the old main hospital. The
MacT'iuck weekend was the largest delivery
ever made by Apple to one location. it was
also the largest single distribution of any
personal computer.37
1987 A "transparent" file transfer system,
dubbed IFS (Institutional File System),
was designed to facilitate the transfer and
sharing of files between campus computers.
This innovative system was developed in
partnership with IBM and was implemiented
by the Center for Information Technology
integration. IFS is still available in 2007 as

21


a convenient way for students and staff to
share documents, host websites, and store
data .8
1988   James J. Duderstadt came to the university
as an assistant professor of nuclear
engineering in 1969. He was the first
university president to bring a personal
computer into the Office of the President,
upon his appointment as president in
1988. He strategically laid the groundwork
to ensure that the university was "wired
for the 21st century He also founded the
Media Union in 1996, renamed the James
and Anne Duderstadt Center in March
2004.39
MIRLYN was the University Library's
first computerized catalog system. Robert
Warner, interim director of the University
of Michigan Library, called the arrival of
MIRLYN "one of the most important
developments in the history of the
university library." The conversion of the
card catalog was completed in June 1991.40
1989   The A.ngell Hall courtyard was converted
into a computing center as part of the
Regents' 1985 plan to grant all students
computer access. The new computing
cluster, housing 330 computers, was one of
the largest single installations of computers
in the country.
1990 The annual parking maintenance program
addressed both security and maintenance
issues. A new emergency telephone system
was installed in all structures and in some
surface lots, and security lighting was
upgraded throughout the entire parking
system.42

Y)

(20)


1994   The Volverine Access program, developed
by the Information Technology Division
nd the Registrar's Office allowed student
access to grades, class schedules, academic
reports, availabiliy of classes, and account
statements. Eventually released online in
1996, it was first available via client server
using Macintosh machines at campus
computing sites.43
1995 The Program for the Study of Complex
Systems was established. Robert Savit
served as the first director, and founding
members included Arthur Burks, Bob
Axelrod, Michael Cohen, and John
Holland. The goals of the program
included encouraging research in complex
adaptive systems and exploring the
boundaries and overlaps between the
complex systems approach and more
traditional approaches.4
1996   University of Michigan signed a $3.5
million contract with PeopleSoft, Inc. for
computer software that would revise and
integrate the existing financial, human
resources, and student systems. For the
first time, the administrative systems were
to be based on client/server technology
rather than a centralized mainframe system.
Laura Patterson, University Registrar, was
appointed Project Manager.45
The School of Information and Library
Studies was rechartered as the School
of Information, broadening its mission
to study the role of information in
computation, cognition, commmnication
and community. Daniel.. Atkins served as
the first dean of the newly named school
until 2000, when John L. King was
appointed.46

(21)

23


1996   As the new director of the Institutional
Technology Division, and the university's
Chief Information Officer, Jose-Marie
Griffiths was responsible for providing
strategic planning for technology
initiatives at the university, as well as
establishing collaborations with schools
and administrative departments across the
community5
2004 On December 14, 2004, the university
announced a joint partnership with Google
to make 7 million volumes from University
of Michigan libraries available digitally48
2006   As a digital repository, Deep Blue started
to provide public online access to various
items of research by University of Michigan
scholars. The system was designed to be
free and searchable and to provide digital
preservation for unpublished research
documentation49

(22)


Select Collections and Record Groups Relating to Computing
at the University of Michigan's Bentley Historical Library
Robert E. Burroughs Papers
14 linear feet, 1941-1970
Arthur W  Burks Papers
4.5 linear feet, 1930-1986
Cognitive Science and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Records
1 linear foot, 1980-1993
College of Engineering Records
94.5 linear feet, 1860-ongoing
CompuIting Center Records
42.5 linear feet, 1952-1996
Computing Center Publications
18 linear feet, 1965-1999
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Records
10 linear feet, 1920-1997
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Publications
2 linear feet, 1937-ongoing
Department of Mathematics Records
4 linear feet, 1913-1981
Division of Research Development and Administration Records
30 linear feet, 1919-1988
William G. Dow Papers
16 linear feet, 1927-1999
James J. Duderstadt Papers
23.5 linear feet, 1981-1997
Aaron Finerman Papers
5 linear feet, 1950-1990

25


Merrill M. Flood Papers
1 linear foot, 1930-1991
Bernard A. Galler Papers
26.5 linear feet, 1956-1994
Information Technology Division Records
69 linear feet, 1956-1998
Information Technology Division Publications
5 linear feet, 1971-1999
Institute for Social Research Records
50.5 linear feet, 1936-1992
Institute for Social Research Publications
7.5 linear feet, 1946-2006
Institute of Science and Technology Records
33 linear feet, 1950-1989
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research Records
21 linear feet, 1962-2007
Richard A. Laing Papers
3 linear feet, 1953-2000
Emmett N. Leith Papers
12 linear feet, 1954-2005
Logic of Computers Group Records
13 linear feet, 1950-1979
Merit Network, Inc. Records
60 linear feet, 1966-2002
M-Pathways Project Records
9 linear feet, 1996-2000
Office of Registrar Records
23.5 linear feet, 1852-1993

26


Office of the Vice-President for Research Records
179 linear feet, 1950-ongoing
Provost and Executive Vice-President for Academic Affairs Records
625 linear feet, 1947-ongoing
Ralph A. Sawyer Papers
11 linear feet, 1918-1978
University Committee on Computer Policy and Utilization Records
4 linear feet, 1964-1979
Year 2000 Information Campaign Records
1 computer optical disc, 2000
Karl L. Zinn Papers
20 linear feet, 1964-1997

(23)

27


Endnotes

SThe Michigan Bell 11, no. 1 (January 1930), 7; Grace Shackman, Ann Arbor in
the 19th Century: A Photographic Histo ; (Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2001),
55; University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1876-1881
(Ann Arbor; MI: University of Michigan, 1881), 33.
2Patricia S. Whitese.l., "Detroit Observatory Chronolog': 1 874-1894," Bentley
Historical Library, http://bentleyumich.edu/observatory/history/chronology3.
php.
3Grace Shackman, Ann Arbor in the 19th Century: A Photographic .History (Chi-
cago: Arcadia Publishing, 2001), 55.
4University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1896-1901 (Ann
Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 130-131.
5University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents'Proceedings, 1896-1901 (Ann
Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 205.
6University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1896-1901 (Ann
Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 405.
Wialtet Donnelly Wilfed B. Shaw, Ruth W  Gjielsness, eds., The University of
Ailichigan: An Encyclopedic Survey (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
1953), 3: 1232.
8Greg Kinney, "The Michigan Stadium Story: The First 'Broadcast' of a UM
Football Game," Bentley Historical Library, http://bentleynumich.edu/athdept/
stadium/stadrext/m.attice.htn..
9Wil ter Donnelly Wilfred B. Shaw, Ruth W  Gjielsness, eds., The Univerity of
Ai ichigan: An Encyclopedic Survey (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
1953), 3: 1228.
10University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, .1901-1906
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 698.
' The -lichican Alumnus 13, no. 117 (October 1906), 12.

28


12University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1906-1910
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 87.
1.3 The Michigan Daily 17, no. 160 (May 11, 1907), 1.
14Greg Kinney, "The Michigan Stadium Story Opening Day, Oct. 1, 1927, UM
vs. Ohio," Bentley Historical Library, http://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/sta-
dium/stadtext/openday.htnm.
1'aeulty Directory: Menbers of the Various  culties and Assistants, Officers of
Ad. inistration and Ofice Employees, Offlcers ofAssociated Organizations, Ofices
and 7lephones, 1929-1930, University of Michigan Official Publications 31, no.
25 (November 2, 1929), 1.
16 alter Donnelly, Wilfred B. Shaw, aRuth W  Gjelsness, eds., The University
o fMichigan: An Encyclopedic urv ey (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
1953), 1: 263.
17 The Michigan Alumnus 46, no.1 (October 7, 1939), 7.
"8University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1945-.948
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 473; Statistical Research
Laboratory, 1948, Box 7, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies
Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
19M1DAC automatic computer (Ann Arbor, MI: Willow Run Research Cen-
ter, Engineering Research Institute, University of Michigan n.d.); Engineering
Research Institute N ews 6, no. 6 (December 1955); MAD Conference Presenta-
tion, 15 November 1960, Historical Files, Box 1, Computing Center Records,
Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
2Oindustry Program Summer Conferences 1952-1970, Box 53, College of
Engineering Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan;
University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1957-1960
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 1063.
21Arthur Burks to Charles Overberger, 15 February 1978, Logic of Computers
Group, 1962-1978, Box 5, Arthur Burks Papers, Bentley Historical Library,
University of Michigan.

29


22Arthur Burks, "Computer and Communication Sciences," 1979, Computer
and Communication Sciences Department, History, Box 5, Arthur Burks
Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan; University of
Michigan Board of Regents, Regents'Proceedings, 1963-1966 (Ann Arbor, MI:
University  of Michigan, n.d.), 601.
23 Cllege ofEngineering Announcenent, 1956 -1957, Box 2, College of Engineer-
ing Publications, Bentley Historical Library, -University of Michigan.
24U niversity of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1957-1960
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 880.
25Anne Frantilla, Social Science in the Public Interest: A Fiftieth-Year History
of the Institutefor Social Research (Ann Arbor, MI: Bentley Historical Library,
1998).
26University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1963-1966
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 601-602.
27Ulniversity of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1966-1969
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 88; Merit Network New's 2, no. 5
(November 24, 1987), Computing Center Publications, Box 5, Bentley
Historical Library, University of Michigan
28University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1969-1972
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 195; "The Great Leap For-
ward," Co npting Center Newsletter 1, no. 2 (January 21, 1971), 1; "Comput-
ing Center Moves from (NUB) North University Building to new building on
North Campus," (onputing Center New sletter 1, no. 14 (October 4, 1971), 1-2.
29Project Definition of CRISP, General 1973, Box 17, Office of the Registrar
Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan; Chastity Pratt,
"New CRISP: Registration's just a touch-tone away," The University Record 50,
no. 14 (December 12, 1994), 3.
30 Robert Paries, "Learning to Confer: the Interplay of theory and practice in
Computer Conferencing," Box 1, Karl Zinn Papers, Bentley Historical Library,
University of Michigan.
31 C'om nputifg Center Newsletter 11, no. 14 (July 15, 1981), 1.

30


32University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1981-1984
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 671.
33University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceedings, 1984-1987
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 126; Nancy Ross-Flanigan,
"Van Houweling to Head Advanced Internet Development Effort," The
University Record 53, no. 7 (October 15, 1997), 4.
34"New Residence Halls Computing Program," Coinpuntig Center Newsletter 16,
no. 10 (May 19, 1986), 7-9; "Getting into Computing: Where the Freshmen
Are," U-M Comp ting News 2, no. 1 (January 5, 1987), 2; Martha S. Feldman,
"Proposal for Study of Residential Hall Computing Project," Box 60, Informa-
tion Technology Division Records, Bentley Historical Library, University 'of
Michigan.
35University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents'Proceedings, 1984-1987
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 370-372; Organization Charts,
1985-1991, Box 1, information Fechnology Division Records, Bentley
Historical Library, University of Michigan.
36IT Communications Networking, Telephones, Staff, 1970s/i1980s, Informna-
tion fechnology Central Services, Box 69, Information Technology Division
Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
37"MacTruck is Coming!" U-M Conputing News 2, no. 2 (January 19, 1987), 9;
U- Computing Neis 2, no. 5 (March, 1987), 7.
38 Roger Sutton, "Communication Between Different Machines Eased with
IFS," The Unhiversity Record 44, no. 14 (December 12, 1988), 6; Roger Sutton,
"UM, IBM begin multimillion dollar three-year project to enhance ease of data
exchange in computer networks," University of Michigan News Service, August
8, 1988; University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents' Proceeding, 1991-
1992 (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 203; "Innovative File
Server to Be Developed at U-M," U-Al Computing News 3, no. 14 (August 15,
1988), 6.
39Mary Jo Frank, "UM presidents have weathered wars, recessions, unrest to
keep institution in leadership position," Thbe U  ersity Record 52, Special Issue
(November 14, 1996), 4-6; "Duderstadt Dedication," The University Record 59,
no. 25 (March 22, 2004), 1.

31


4O"UM Library Unveils New Cataloging System," The Ann Arbor News,
September 21, 1988.
41 University of Michigan Board o Regents, Regents' Proceedings; 1984-1987
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 1229; Mary Jo Frank, "Clusters
House 1,800 Public Workstations," The University Record45, no. 7, (October
16, 1989), 11.
42Universiry of Michigan Board of Regents, Re gets' Proceediags, 1990-1991
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, n.d.), 131.
43Frank C. Lee, "Computer Program Accesses Grades," The Michigan Daily,
104, no. 127 (September 20, 1994), 1; anda Moore, "WVolverine Access on the
Web Lets Students See Grades Immediately," The University Record 51, no. 30
(April 23, 1996), 5.
44"University of Michigan Center for the Study of Complex Systems," Center
for the Study of Complex Systems, http://www.cscs.umich.edu/index.titml.
45"M-Pathways, the 'invisible project,' revealed to U community," The Univer-
sity Record 52, no. 2, (September 10, 1996), 3; "New system will make records
easier, faster to access," Ihe University Record 51, no. 18, (January 23, 1996), 1.
46University of Michigan Board of Regents, Regents'Proceedigs 1996-1997
(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, a.d.), 321.
4Jane R. Elgass, "Griffiths named as new ITD executive director, CIO," The
UJi ver sity Record 51, no. 36 (July 9, 1996), 1.
48Nancy Connell, "Google/U-M Project Opens the Way to Universal Access
to Information," University of Michigan News Service, December 14, 2004,
http: //www.umiich.edui/news/index.html?Releases/2004/DecO4/library/index.
49Joanne Nesbit, "U-M Library Launches Deep Blue: More Access to U-M
Scholarship," University of Michigan News Service, May 25, 2006, http://wvw.
umich.edu/news/? Releases/2006/May06/r052506.

32


1. IBM 360/67, Box 68, Information Technology Division Records, Bentley
Historical Library,> Universty of Michigan.
2. Instrunents-Antique, 334, Box 9, Michigan Bell Telephone Company Pho
tographs, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
3. University of Michigan Observatory, April 25, 1888, Campus Buildings,
Observatory 1908-1954, University of Michigan photographs vertical file,
bl001683, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
4. Official Football Program Cover Michigan vs. Minnesota 1923, Box 16B,
Athletic Department Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of
Michigan.
5. Engineering Building, East and West, Campus Buildings, West Engineer-
ing Bu.ilding, University of Michigan photographs vertical file, b1004624,
Bendtley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
6. University Memorial Hall interior with Frieze Memorial Organ, Campus
Buildings, University Hall; Interiors, University of Michigan photograph s
vertical file, b1004580, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
7. Fielding Yost, Box 147, Alumni Association Records, Bendtley Historical
Library, University of Michigan.
8. Student. wih telephone, Fraternirty and Sorority Life, Box 137, Alumni
Association Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
9. Telephone operators, Systems History (Display Photos and Documents),
Box 68, Information Technology Division Records, Bentley Historical
Library, University of Michigan.
10. Arthur Burks in front of part of the ENIAC, Series C, 12798, News and
Information Services Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of
Michigan.
11. Computer Center 1959, Series B, 1317, Box B-4, News and Information
Services Records, b1005609, Bentley Historical Library, University of
Michigan.

33


1.2. Robert Bartels and John Schaefer in Computing Center, Systems (Display
Photos from Computing Event "Tich Fair 1986 or CC20th Anniversary),
Box 68, Information Technology Division Records, Bentley Historical
Library, University of Michigan.
13. Autxiliary operator's console for 360/67 on the second floor machine room
with television monitor, Systems (Display Photos from Computing Event
'Tech Fair 1986 or CC20th Anniversary), Box 68, information "Tichnology
Division Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
14 Original Merit Configuration, Merit Network Diagrams 1973, Box 68, In-
formation TeIchnology Division Records, Bentley Historical Library, Univer-
sity of Michigan.
15. The IBM 029 Keypunch, Systems IBM029-Card Punch, Box 68, Informa-
tion Ic hnology Division Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of
Michigan.
16. View of the user's keypunch and terminal room with card box storage area,
People Using Computers, Box 67, Information Technology Division Re-
cords, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
17. Aerial view of Hill Auditorium, Michigan League and Rackham, Campus
Views, Central Campus, Aerial views, no. 105, University of Michigan
photographs vertical file, bI001 839, Bentley Historical Library, University
of Michigan.
18. Annual Computer Kick-off Sale, ca. 1991, Events, Box 67, Information
Technology Division Records, Bentley Historical Library, University of
Michigan.
19. President James Duderstadt moving into his office, President's Office, Series
C, 10210, News and Information Records, Bentley Historical Library,
University of Michigan.
20. Student sleeping near Angell Hall Computing Center, 25a, Box 29, he
iichigan Daily Records, bl005624, Bentley Historical Library, University
of Michigan.
21. M-Pathways Project Logo, CD-1, M-Pathways Project Records, Bentley
Historical Library, University of Michigan.

34


22. Andy Goodrich first installing Amdahil 1980, Move of the Machine Room
to the First Floor, Box 67, Information Technology Division Records, Bent-
ley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
23. Systems CRISP, Box 68, Information Technology Division Records, Bentley
Historical Library, University of Michigan.

35



Michiga     itoricalClections
Lewis G. Vander Velde, 1935.-1960
F. Clever Bald, 1960-1)6(
Robert 4. harner, l9((-1.980
RchxadM. Doolen, 1980-1981 (ctning)
Francis X. lot in, Jr., 198 1-
Reets    the Uiversityrf     ichiga
JuliaDonrovsan hrowAnn Arbor
Lu r enc~e B. Deirtcr, Bi rglr m FKrmrs
Olivia P Mayrnard, Coodich
RebeccaMc~owans, iAnnArbor
Andrea Fischer Ncewman, Ann Arbor
Andrew C. .icb set, Grosse Poinre Park
S. MVartin Ta ydor, CGrosse Poinre Fars
Kathljerinre P. "lite, .A rA bor
Mary Sue Colensan,   officio


Bentley H istorical Library
University  of1 Michgan 1 5  el e
Ann Abor, MI 481-09-2lI3
N ebsire: http:/I/bentley. uriech.edIu