F4 WILLIAM L. CLEMENYS es 333 NSARONNINEN WNUNNON ད ད བ། ། C. (recept the hon mals) 14 augs Bedfied. Meering cleanes abundang. 2 2 18.6. tupa S.TC 12624 Hakluyt Richard 21. C 4. Po precision allenvers Hennote Lephan 67/4 bh banh 47/8 apues creole art this cofy excepte hatch har and the blank Auf which he lack of sheel 7 sheet 7 - Sheet It has when ang 2 laves en Chalmers's other city with the in Pact I, 1984 neesmer only $15/16 to Julh fly 5/8 Chalmers 11 - 1451 DIVERS voyages touching the diſcouerie of America, and the Ilands adiacent ynto the ſame, made firſt of all by our yal Engliſhmen and afterward by the French- si menand Britons: And certaine notes of aduertiſements for obferuz- tions neceſſarie for ſuch as ſhall heercafter 022 make che like attempt, cando Crith two mappes annexed heereunto for the plainer vnderſtanding of the whole matter. wanym odda Imprinted at Lon- don for Thomas VVoodcocke, dwelling in paules Church-yard, at the lignc of the blacke beare, 15826 The names of certaine late wri- 101 ters of Geographie, with the yeere wherein they wrote: ben i ALSAS ofisin our Loide. do la Belfada Iſmael prince of Syria, Perfia, and Aflys Chtyeere of 1300 Afia. 1320 Iohn Mandeuill Engliſhman, 1500 Albertus Crantzius of Hamburgers BV IS20 Peter martyr Millanoyſe. 1525 Gonfaluo Quiedo Spaniarde. 1527 Robert Thorne Engliſh man. 1530 Hieronymus Fracaſtor Italian. 1539 Gemma Frifius. 1540 Antonie di Mendoza Spaniard. 1541 Gerardus Mercator Fleming, 1549 Iohn Baptiſta Guicchardine Florentine. 1553. Iohn Baptiſta Ramuſius, hee gathered many na table things. 1554 Scbaſtian Munſter Germane, 1554 Thomas Giunti Venetian. 1555 Clement Adams Engliſhman. 3555 Orontius Finæus Frenchman, 1564. Abraham Ortelius Fleming. 1574 Hierome Oſorius Portingall. 1575 Andreas Theuet Frenchman. 1575. Francis Belforeſt Frenchman, Tio nob 1576 Humfrey Gilbert knight, Engliſhman, 1577 Dionyſe Settle Engliſhman, syangarh 1578 George Beſte Engliſhman. Suas 1:580 Nicolas Chauncellor Englishman. tamil The names of certaine late trauay- lers, both by ſea and by lande, which alſo for the moſt part hauc written of their owne crauayles and voyages, The yere of our Lorde 1178 Beniamin Tudelenfis a Iewe, 1270 Marcus Paulus a Venecian. 1300 Harcon an Armenian. 1320 lohn Mandeuile knight, engliſhman. 1380 Nicolaus and Antonius Zeni, venecians, 1444 Nicolaus Conti venetian, 1492 Chriſtopher Columbus a Genoway. 1497 Sebaſtian Gabofyan egnliſhman the ſonne of a vegetiáo 1497 M.Thorne and Hugh Eleot of Briſtowe, engliſimen. 2497 Vaſques de Gama a porcingale. 1500 Gaſper Corterealis a portingale. 1516 Edoardus Barboſa aportingale. Du 1519 Fernandus Magalianes a portingale, USA 1530 John Barros a portingale. 1534 Taques Cartier a Briton. 1540 Francis Vaſques de Coronado Spaniarde. 1542 Iohn Gaetan Spaniarde. 200 1549 Francis Xauier 2 portingale. 1553 Hugh Willowbic knighes & Richard Chauncellor Lingana 1554 Francis Galuano a portingale, in OS SHOst 1556 Stenen and William Burros Engliſhmen; 1562 Antonie Ienkinſon Engliſhman. 1562 Iohn Ribault a Frenchman. 1565_ Andrewe.Theuec a Frenchman.com 1576 Marein Frobiſher Engliſhman, 1578 Francis Drake Engliſhman. 1580 Arthur Pet, and Charles Iackmă Engliſlimer. 1582 Edwarde Fenton, and Luke warde, Engliſhmen. 1582 Humfrey Gilbert knight, Edward Heyes; and Antonie: Brigham Engliſhmen. Averie late and great probabilitie of a paſſage, by the Northweſt part of America in 58 degrees lais of Northerly latitude. Wotion o sayo 32 excellent learned man of portingale,offinguler grauety, auchojitie and efperience tolde, mee very lately,that one Anus Cortereal, captayne of the yle of Tercera about the yeere 1574. which is not aboue eight | yeres paft,fent a Shippe to dilo couer the INozthweſt paſſage of America, chat the fame thippe arriting on the coalf of the faide America in fiftie epghte degrees of latitude, founde a great entrance exceeding deepe. and bioade, without all impediment of ice, into whiche they palled aboue twentie leagues,and found it alwaies to trende towarbe the Souch, the lande lying lowe and plaine on eys ther übe: And that they perſwaded them ſelues verely, that there was a way open into the ſouth tea. But their victailes fayling them, and being but one ſhippe, they returned backe agayne with ioy. This place ſeemeth to lie in equal degrees of Latitude, with the firſt entrance of the ſounde of Denmark betweene H202way and the head land,called in latin Cimbros rum promontorium, and therefore like to bee open and nauis gable a great part of the yeere. And this report may bee well annexed vnto the other eight reaſons mentioned in my epi. ffle dedicatorie,foz pzoofe of the likelihood ofthis paſſage by the 3207thwelt. gick etticomaniei Orar bilera zibens 821 12 * To the right worſhipfull and moſt vertuous Gentleman maſter Phillip Sydney Eſquire. Maruaile not a litcic ( righe wof- ſhipfull chat ſince the firſt diſco- uesie of America(which is nowe full foureſcore and tenneyeeres) after ſo great conqueſts and plan- tings of the Spaniardes and Por- tingales there, that wee of Eng- lande could neuer haue the grace to ſet faſt footing in ſuch fer- till and temperate places, as are left as yet ynpoffefſed of them. But againe when I confider that there is a time for all men and ſee the Porcingales time to be out of date,& that the nakedneſſe of the ſpaniards,and their long hidden ſecretes are nowe ac length eſpied , whereby they went about to delude the worlde, I conceiue great hope, that the time approcheth and nowe is,char we of England may ſhare and parc ftakes(if wee will our felues) both with the ſpaniarde and the Portiogale in part of America, and other regions as yet vodiſcouered. And ſurely if there were in vs that deſire to aduaunce the honour of our Countrie which ought to bee in cuery good man, wee woulde not all this while have fore- flowne the poſſeſſing of thoſe landes , whiche of cquitie and right appertaine vnto vs, as by the diſcourſes that followe ſhall appeare moſt plainely. Yea if wee woulde beholde with the eye of pitie howe alour Priſons are peſtered and filled with able men to ſerue their Countrie, which for ſmall roberies are dayly hanged vp in great oumbers euen twentie at a clappe oue of one jayle(as was ſeene a c the laſt affiſes at Rocheſter) wee woulde haften and further every man to his power the deduc- ring of ſome Colonies of our fuperfluous people into thoſe rem- perate and fertile partes of America, which being within fixe weekes The Epiſtle Salc. Weekes ſayling of England are yet vnpoffeffed by any Chriſtians? and ſeeme to offer themſelues ynco ys, ſtretching neerer voro her Maieſties Dominions, then to any other part of Europe. Wee reade charthe Bees,whéthey grow to be too many in their own hiues at home, are wone to bee led out by cheir Captaines to fwarme abroad, and ſeeke chemſelues a new dwelling place. If the examples of the Grecians and Carthaginians of olde time, and the practiſe of our age may not mooue vs, yet let ys learne wiſdome oftheſe ſmal weake and vnreaſonable creatures, Ir chaunced very lately chae vpoo occaſion I had greacconference in matters of Coſmographie with an excellent learned man of Portingale, molt priuic to all the diſcoueries of his nation, who wondered that thoſe bleſſed countries from the poinc' of Floria The ſpeech of a da Northward, were all this while vnplanted by Chriſtians,pro- learnea Portin. telting with great affection and zeale, chat if hee were nowe as young as I(for at this preſent hee is threeſcore yeeres of age)hee woulde ſelall hee had, being a man of no ſmall wealth and ho- nour to furniſh a conuenient number of ſhips to ſea for the in- habiting of thoſe councries, and reducing thoſe gentile people me after Johat ro chriſtianitie. Moreouer hee added that Iohn Barros their Tauler of the in- chiefe Coſmographer being moued with the like deſire was the babiting of cauſe that Breſilia was firſt inhabited by the Portingales: where Beilla, they haue nine baronies or lordſhips,& thirtie engennies or ſu- ger milles, ewo or three hundred flaues belonging to eche myli, with a ludge, and other officers, & a Church:rothac euery mill is as it were alitiecommon wealth:and that the countrie was firſt planted by ſuch men, as for ſmall offences were ſaued from the rope. This heefpake not onely vnio mec and in my hearing, bur allo in the preſence of a friend of mine, a man ofgreat ſkill in the Mathematikes. If this mans defire might bee execuced, wee migh not only for the preſent time take poſſeſsion ofthae good land, but alſo in ſhort ſpace by Godsgrace finde out that ſhorte and eaſiepaffage by the Northweſt, which we havehetherto ſo long deſired, and whereof wee haue many good and more then probable coniectures : a fewe whereof I thinke it por amiffé keere to ſet downe, although your worſhip knowe them as oxa TM well 29192 Dedicatorie well as my ſelfe, Firſt therefore it is not to bee forgorren, tha: Se- baftian Gaboe wrote to maſter Baptiſta Ramuſius, that he verye ly beleeued that all the North part of America is diuided into I landes. Secondly that maſter Iohn Verarzanus, which had been thriſe on that coaft,in an olde excellent mappe, which he gaue to king Henrie che eigheyand is yet in the coſtodie of maſter Locke, doth fo lay it out, as icis to bee feene in the mappe annexed to the end of this boke, beeing made according to Verarzanus plae. Thirdly the ſtory of Gil Gonſalua recorded by Franciſcus Los pes de Gomara, which is faide to haue ſought a paſſage by the amoureunio Northweſt,ſeemeth to argue and proue the ſame. Fourthly, in the ſecond relation of laques Cartier the 12. Chapter che peo- DUTCH ple of Saguinay doe teſtifie that vpon their colles Weſtwarde there is a ſea the ende whereof is vnknownevnto them. Fiftely, in the end of that diſcourſe is added this, as a ſpecial remem- brance, to wit, that they of Canada ſay that it is a monethes ſpace to faileto a lande where cinamon and cloues are growing, Sixdly, the people of Florida ſignified ynto lohn Ribault(as it is expreſſed in his diſcourſe heerewithall imprinted) that they might faile from the River of May vnto Ceuola and the fouth fea through their countrie within twentie dayes. Seuenthly, the experience of captainc Frobilher on the hyther ſide, and Sir Fraunces Drake on the backe ſide of America, with the ceftimo- nie of Nicolaus and Aothonius Zeni,chat Eforilanda is an Ia lande,doth yeelde no ſmall hope thereof, Laſtly, the iudges ment of the excellent Geographer Gerardus Mercator, which his Connc Rumold Mercator my friende ſhewed mee in his leccers, & drewe out for mee in writing, is not of wiſe men lightly to bee segarded. His words are theſe. Magna tametfi pauca de nova The fudgement of Gerardus Frobifheri navigatione ſcribis,quam miror ante multos annos Sercato? of a Hõ fuiſſe attentatam.Non enim dubium eſt,quin re&ta & bre- paflage by the uis via pateat is occidentem Cathaium vſq;. In quod regnữ, nouilwatt. fi recte nauigationem inftituant, nobiliſsimas totius mundi merces colligent, eâ multis Gentibus adhuc idololatris Chriſti nomen communicabunt. You write (faith hee to his ſonne) great matters though very briefly of the newe diſcoueric (2 of The Epiſtle of Frobiſher, which I wonder was neuer theſe many yeères heeretofore attempted. For there is no doubt, but that there is a ſtraight and ſhort way open into the Weſt eucn vnto Ca- thay. Into which kingdome, if they take their courſe arighe, they ſhallgacher che moſt noble merchandiſe of all the worlde, and ſhall make the game of Chrifte co bee knowne ynto many idolatrous and Heathen people. Aod heere to conclude and Shu vp this matter, I haue hearde my ſelfe of Merchants of cre- dite that haue lived long in Spaine, chat King Phillip hach made alawe made of a lawe of lace that none of his ſubiectes ſhall diſcouer to the late by king, Northwardes of fiue and fortie degrees of America: whiche Phillip. may bee thought to proceede chiefly of two cauſes, the one, leaſt paſsing farther to the North they ſhould diſcouer the open paſſage from the ſouth ſea to our north ſea : the other becauſe chey have not people enough to poffefſe and keepe chat paffage, but rather thereby ſhoulde open a gappe for other nations to paffe that way. Certes if hetherto in our owne diſcoueries we had not beene led with a prepoſterous deſire of ſeeking ra- ther gaine chen Godsglorie, I aſſure my ſelf that ourlabours had taken farre better effecte, Bucwee forgotre, that Godlineffe is great riches, and that if we firſt ſeeke the kingdome of God,al on ther chinges will be giuen vnco vs,and that as the light accompa nieth the Sunne,and the heate the fire, ſo laſting riches do waite vpon them that are zealous for the aduauncement of the king- dome of Chriſt and the enlargement of his glorious Goſpell: as ic is ſayde, I will honour them that honour mee. I truſte that nowe being caught by their manifolde loffes our men will take a more godly courſe and vſe ſome part of their goods to his glos brie : if not, he will turne cuen their copetouſves co ſerue him, as he hath done the pride and auarice of the Spaniardes and Por- tingales,who pretending in glorious words that they made their diſcoveries chiefly co conuert Infidelles to our moſt holy faith, (as they ſay) in deed and eruth ſought not them, but their goods and riches. Whiche thing that our nation may more ſpeedily & happily performe, there is no better meane in my ſimple iudge méc theo che increaſc of knowledge in the arte of navigation,& 30 bread Dedicatorie. breading of ſkilfulneffe in the ſea men: whiche Charles the perour and the kipg of Spaine that nowe is wiſely conſidering via haue in their Contractation houſe in Siuill appointed a learned the cötractatio reader of the fayde arc of Nauigacion, and ioyned with him cer: houſe at Situill . tayne examiners, and have diftinguiſhed the orders among the fea men,as the groomer whiche is the bafeſt degree, the mar, riner which is the ſeconde,the maſter che chirde, and the pilote the fourth , vnto the which two laſt degrees none iş admirzed without hee haue heard the reader for a certaine ſpace (which is commonly an excellent Mathematician, of which number were Pedro di Medina which writce learnedly of the art of nauigation, and Alonſo di Chauez & Hieronimus di Chauez, whoſe works likewiſe I haue fecne ) and being founde fitee by him and his af- fiftantes, which are to examine matters touching experience, they are admitted with as great ſolemnitie and giuing of preſents to the ancient maſters and Pilots and the reader and examiners, as the great doctors in the Vniuerſities , or our great Sergeantes 2e che law when they proceed, and ſo are admitted to take charge for the Indies. And that'your worſhippe may knowe that this is true, Maſter Steuen Borrows,nowe one ofthe foure maſters of 99. Steuert the Queenes nauic,colde me that newely after his returne from Borrowes. the diſcouery of Moſcouie by the North,in Queene Maries daies, the Spaniards,hauing intelligence that he was maſter in hardif- couerie, tooke him into their cótractation houſe at their making and admitting of maſters and piloes,giuing him great honour, & preſented him with a payre of perfumed gioues Woorth fine or fixe Ducates. I ſpeake all this to this ende, chat the like order a Yecture of the of erecting fuch a Lecture here in London or about Ratcliffe in art of nauigatió ſome conuenient place, were a natter of great conſequence and necellarte foz ta importance, for the fauing of many mens liues and goods, which be erecred in London, nowe through grolle ignorance are dayly in great hazerd, to the no (mall detriment of the whole realme. For whiche cauſe haye dealt with the righe worſhipfull fir Frances Drake,tha ſee ing God hath bleſſed hin ſo wonderfully, he woulde do chuis hos nour to him felfe and benefite to his countrey, to bee at the coſt to ere&te fuch a lecture : Whereunto in moſt bountifullmaner od 43 The Epiſtic Chebountifur ature verie firſt he anſwered, that he liked ſo well oftke motion offer of fir frá obat he wouldegiue cwentie poundes by the yeere ſtanding, and cis Dzalz toe tsentie poundes more before hand to a learned man to furnih wara furthering theart of Maut him with inſtruments and maps, thar woulde take this thing you sation on him: yea ſo readie he wasthat he carneſtly requeſted mee ta helpe him to the notice of a ficte man for thac purpoſe, which I, for che zeale I bare to this good actió, did preſently, & brought bhimzowezwho came vnto him & conferred with him chereupon: betinfine he would not vndertake the lecture, voleſſe he might chaue fourtie pounde a yeere ſtanding, and ſo che maccer cealed for that time:howebeit the worthic and good Knight remaineth Stil.conftane, and will be as he told me very lately, as good as his worde.no Nowe if God ſhoulde purinto the head of any noble man ro contribute other ewentic pounde, to make thislecture a competent liuing for a learned man, the whole realme no doubc might reape no ſmallbenefice chereby. To leave this matter & to drawe to 20 ende, I haue hcare right worſhipfull in this haſtic Worke firſt puc downethe citle which we have to that part of A- america which is from Florida to 67.degrees northwarde, by the Than Sabote letters patentes graunted to lohn Gabore and his three connes, and his threr Lewes, Sebaſtian and Sanrius, with Sebaſtians owne Certificate Cemre co Baptiſta Ramufius of his diſcoverie of America, and the ceſtia monie of Fabian our own Chronicler. Next I have cauſed to bee added the letters of M. Robert Thorne to King Henrie the eight, and his diſcourſe to his Ambaſſadour doctor Ley in Spaine of the like argument, with the kings ſetting ouc of two ſhips for diſco. uerie in cbe 19.yere of his raigne. Thé Ihaue tranſlaced the voye ondon age of loha Verarzanus frons chircic degrees to Cape Briton,(& Tarabanchelaſt yeerc at my charges, and other of my friendes by my ex- hortation, Icauſed laques Carriers two voyages of diſcoue- ring the grand Bay,and Canada, Saguinay, and Hochelaga co bee Cranſlated out of my Volumes, which are co be annexed to this preſene tranſlation). Morcouer following the order ofche map, and not the courſe of time, I haue puc downe the diſcourſe of Nicholaus and Acconius Zenie. The lalt treatiſe of Iohn Ri- baule is a ching that hath been alrcadie princcd, buc noc nowe to Dedicatorie, Behad, vnleſe I had cauſed it to be princed againe. The mappe is maſter Michael Lockes,a man, for his knowledge in diuers lang guages and eſpecially in Coſmographie,able to doe his countrey good, and worthic in my iudgemene, for the manifolde good partes in him, of good reputation and better fortune.This curſos riepamphlet I am ouer bold to preſent ynto your worſhippe : but I had rather want a litle diſcretion, then to bee founde vn- thankful to him, which hath been alwaies ſo readie co plcaſure me and all my name, Heere I ceaſe,crauing pardon for my ouer boldnelle,truſta ing alſo that your worſhippe will continue & increaſe your accuſtomed fauour cowards theſe godly and honourable dil couerics. Your worſhippes humble alwayes to commaunde, R. H. 594 ច • ជួន ១,០ ១១ ១ ១ និនចារនៅ ដែន ។ aaslavapibarschalworotanto mais ema 1. ១០ ១១ នាង boosolinie nodro? 700 bal to instow bas hoe 011 ខៃ១៥។ h៨ ១០០ ០០, ៧ នច។ : gicI1 0 { "n to ov ៦៦៦- ១ ៦ថ្ងៃ ៧០ ជន I រ៉ាបូល va 1101 ២១៨ វេន១១១.៦៦១.1 ន ៧៣ D E T ) a ។ន១៤ ១៦ន៖ ១) មូរ ជំន ១១ ន ន ម ន ក ខ ពីន នន យៗៗ ១០ថ្ងៃ ១១ មុន ។ នៅក្នុងគឺន D C 1 slotari 38 euntinoolliwegdicto muoristologai shorts sbiswas most bomohlapos nuo 215 sidstonon basylbog ១ះ។ ខាងៗ ។ ប៉ុននេះខ៤ ០១ ឃុំ " មាន ៖ 1 bao mnogo ប្រជុំ A latine copie of the letters patentes of King Henrie the feuenth,graunted voto Iohn Gabore and his threeſonges, Lewes, Sebaſtian, and Santius for the diſcouering af newc and ynknowen landes Enricus deigratia rex Anglie Francie,da dominushibernia, omnibus ad quos preſentes lites re noſtre peruenerint falutem, Notum fit o manifeſtum,quod dedimus ó conceffimus , ac per praſentes damus concedimus pro nobis heredibus noftris Prey dile£tis nobis loanni Gabetocs. ui Venectarum, Lodouico, Se. baſtiano, Sentio,filiis di&ti Ioannis, eorum & cuiuſbet es orum heredibus & deputatis plenam ac liberam authoritaté, facultatem & poteftatem nauigandi ad omnes partes,regiones & finus na ris orientalis, occidentalis, & feptentrionalis sub banneris, vexillis,& infigniis noftris,cum quinque nauibus fiue nauigýs, cuiufcunque portitsref qualitatis exiſtant, cum tot et rantis nautis c hominibus,quote quantos in dictis nas Kibus fecum ducere voluerint, fuis c'eorum propriis fumptia bus expenſes ad inueniendums, diſcoperiendum, ö inueftin gardum quaſcunque infulas, patrias,regiones fiue prouincias gentilium to infidelium quorumcunqne in quacunque parte mundi pofitas,que Chriſtianis omnibus ante hæc tempora fuco rint incognita. Conceſſimus etiam eiſdem & eorum cuilibet, eorumque eġ cainſlebet eorum heredibus& deputatis ac licens tiana dedimus ad affigendum prædi&tas banneres noftras & ing fignia in quacunque villa,oppido,caſtro, inſula ſeu terra firma afenoniter inxentiso Et quód prenominatas Ioannes & filis A einfdem aixfdem ſen baredes de corundem deputati,quafcunq; biufma di villas,caſtre,oppida t infulas a ſe insensas,quæ fubiugari, occupari, poffideri pofi fubiugare,occupare,polidere valeāt, tanquã vafallo noffri,gubernatores locatenentes & depuina si, corusdem dominium, vitilum, & iurifdictionem earung dem villarum,caftrorum, oppidorum,infuleram, acterre firma fic inuentorum nobis acquirendo, Ita tamen vi ex omnibus fructibus,proficuis,emolumentis commodis lucris, cº obuent sa onibus ex husuſmodi navigatime prouenientibus præfatus Io. annes & filiyac heredes;& corum deputati teneatur ó fint oba lagari nobis pro omni viagio fuo, toties qkorres ad portā noftrā Briſtollie applicuerint (ad quem omnino applicare teneatur, & fær aftričtí deduétis omonibus ſüptibus e impenſis neceſſto riis per eofdem faétis,quintam partem eapitalis lucri faéti,fiue 'somercibus fisse mpecuniis perſoluere, Dantes nos & corcedě- ses eifdé fuifq; hardibus e deputatis, vt ab openi folutione cu- ſtumarum omniñ & fingulorum bonorum ac mercium,quas ſes cum reportarint ab illis locis fie nouiter inuentis,liberi fint ciru immunes. Et infuper sedimus & conceffimus eifdem ac ( is hæredibus & deputatis,quòdterra omnes firma, iufule, vil Id,oppida,caftra,gloca quecunq; a ſe snuenta,qucrquet ab eis inueniri contigerit,non poſſint ab aliis quibufuis noſtris fubdis tis frequentari ſen viſitari,abfq; licentia prediétorum loannis tu eius filiorum ſuorumq; deputatorem,fub pana amiffionis tā naninn, quám bonorum omniš quorumcunq; ad ea loca fic im. wenta navigare prafüentsá, Volentes á ſtriftifſimé mandard des omnibus & ſingulis noftris fubditis tam in terra quám in mariconftitutis, vt præfato loanni á eius filiis,ac deputatis tonã affiftentiam faciant,& tam ix armandis nauibus ſeunde. Migris,quám in prouifione quietatus ef viftualiumprofuapes sunsa emendorum, atq; aliarum omnium rerum fibi providers. Jarum pro dičta navigatione fumenda, ſuos omnes favores dhe auxilia impersiane. In cuius rei teftimonium has literas rod Harcii , 3495 ftras fierifecimus patentes:tefteme ipfo apud Weſtmonaſbe- rix quinto die Martii,annoregni noſtri vndecimo. ember The The ſame letters patents in engliſh. Enrie by the grace of GDD king ofEngland,and France, and Lojde of Irelande, to all, to whom theſe preſentes fall coine,greeting. Be it knowek that wee haue giuen and grants ted, and by theſe pzeſentes doe giue and grant for bs and our gb|| heyres, to our well beloueb John Gabcte citizen of Use nice, to Lewes, Sebaltian,and Sancius, fonnes of the ſaide 3ohn,and to the heires of them and cuery of them, and their deputies,full and free auchozície,leaue,and power to Cayle to Licence ger dit star all partes,countreys and feag of the Eaſt,of the Wiett and of to Tohir Gaborg obe Noith under our banners and enlignes, with fiue thir's, bis connes and beirts, to dilte of what burden of quantitie foguer they be: and as many tita- her drknotwent ringrs oz . men as they will haue with them in the faide hips, lance under the vpon their owne proper coffes and charges to ſecke out, dil kings bannet. couer and finde whatſoeuer iles, countreyes,regions, or Plox uinces of the beachen and infidelles whatſoever they bet,and in what part of the worldeſocuer they be, whiche before this time baue been vnknowen to all Chriftians.webaue gratia ted to them alſo and to euery of them, the heires of cheni, and every of them and their deputies, o hame giuen them li- cence to let by our banners and enlignes in cuerp village, towne,caftel, piz,oz maine lande of theintewely founde. Suo Chat the foreſaid John and his ſonnes ca their heires and af lignes may ſubdue,occupie, and polite all ſuch townes, che ties,calles and ples ofthem founte, which they can ſubdue, polleEt tboce occupie,and poltette, as our vallailes ad lieutenantes, get- landes es trze ting bnto vs the rale,title, and iuriſdiction of the ſame villas kings batalles ges,townes caſtles, and firme lande ſo founde. Pet 42 Pet ſo that the forefaide John and his fonnes and betres, and their Deputies bee holden and bounden, of all the fruites, profites, gaines et commodities growing of ſuch nauigas tion for euery their voyage as often as they ſhall arriue ac our port of Butoll,(at the which pożt they ſhall be bounde and bölben only to arriue) all manner of necellarie cotes and charges by them made being deducted, to pay vnto be The fift of all in wares or money the fifth part of the Capitall gaine ſa goods to be paid fu the king gotten. Wlee giuing and graunting vnto them and to their heires and Deputies, that they ſhall bee free from all Freedame from paying of cuſtoines of all and linguler ſuch inerchandize,as all cultomes. they fhall bring with them from thoſe places ſo nemely founde, And moreouer wee haue given and graunted to them, their heires and Deputies, that all the firme landes, Iles, Willages, Townes, Caſtles and places whatſoeuer they Aune but they be, that they ſhall chaance to finde,may not of any other of e their alignes our ſubiectes bee frequenced oy viſited without the licence of mag traualle che forefayd John, bis ſonnes and their deputies bnder paine thither. of fo fayture as well of their thippes, as of all and fingulet autonome goods of all thein that ſhall preſume to faple to thoſe places tants To founde, Willing and moit tiraightly commaunding all and en and finguler our fitbiectes as well on lande as on ſea apa pointed officers, to giue good aſſiſtãce to the aforeſaid Joyn and his ſonues and deputies, and that as well in arming and furniſhing their ſhips of veſſels, as in prouillion of quietneffe, and in buying of victualles for their money and all other thinges by them to be prouided neceſſarie foz the ſaide naute ration, they doe glue them all their helpe and fauour. In witaelfe whereof wee haue caufed to be made theſe our less mes.of march ters patentes. Witnelle our felfe at Toleltmintter the fifte 1994, day of uparch in the fi, geere of our reigne, dos artes А A note of Sebaſtian Gabotes voyage of diſcouerie,taken out of an old Chronicle written by Robert Fabian fomtime Alderman of London, which is in the cuſtodie of John Stowe Citizen, a diligent ſearcher and preſeruer of Antiquitics, HIS yeere the King, ( by In the 13.stot meanes of a Uenetian whiche of king Henrie che vii. 1488. made himſelfe bery efpert and cunning in knoweledge of the circuite of the worlde and 35 landes of the fanie , as by a Carde and other demonftratis ons reaſonable hee thewed) cauſed to man and victuall a fhippe at Brittowe, to ſearche More fo, an Iſlande, whiche,her ſaide hee knewe well, was riche and repleniſhed with riche commodities. Which Ship thus manned and victualed at the kinges coft, diuers mers chants of London ventured in her finall ſtockes, being her as chiefe Patrone che faide Ucnetian. And in the coms minis panie of the faide ſhippe ſayled alſo out of Briſtowe three az Bylffowa foure mall ſhips fraught with fleight and grofte merchans dizes,as courſe cloth,Caps,Laces, paints and other trifles, and ſo departed from Brillowe in the beginning of Map: mittian Para of whome in this spaiozs time returned no tidings.chas Mator of London of three fadage men which hee brought home, og and preſented vnto the kingio the xvii.si yeers of his raignc. 0.17 A UNE bis peere alſo were brought into the king three men white lauaga taken in the new founde Iſland, that before. 31 (pake of menbrought 23 tur tato Englet ma wafilliath purchas time being alor. Theſe were cos une telle Benda fklus. thed in beattes[kinnes,and ate rawe fleſbe, and ſpakt fuch fpeech that no man coulde vnderſtand them, and in their dee meanour like to bzuite beattes,whom the king kept a time after. Df the which ypon two yeeres palt after 3 ſaw two apparelled after the maner of Englithe men in Weſtmine fter pallace, Iubich at that time I coulde not difcerne froint Englifhe men, till 3 was learned what they wert. But as koj ſpeech I heard none of them vtter one wozde. Quesdasd 110 85311 on John Baptina Ramufius in his Preface to the thirde stila svolumcof the navigations, writeth thus of 12 Holour Sebaſtian Gabor. 32 the latter part of this volume are put certaine relatis ons of John de Verarzana a florentine, and of a great Capcaine a frenchman,and the two voyages of Jlaques 3 Cartier a Bricon, who failed unto the lande ſet in fiftie des grees of latitude to the north, which is called New france: of the which landes hitherto ic is not throughly knowne whether they doc ioyne with the firme lande of Flojida ano Sebastian nosa Hiſpania,oz whether they be ſeparated & diuided all by Gabats letters the Sea as Jlands: and whether that by that way one map to Baraukus. goe by Sea onto the countrie of Cathalo : as many yeeres palt it was written unto me by Sebaftian Sabota our coura trie man Uenetian,aman of great experience is very rarı in the art of Matigationand the knowledge of Colino. Mote.graphie : who ſayted along and beyonde this land of jewe Fraunce at the charges of king Henrie the feuenth king of be called the Englande : And hee tolde mee that hauing Cayled a long Tanda. time welt and by Roith beyonde theſe Klandes unto the latitude of 67. degrees and ahelfe under the 19202ch Pole, and at the 11. day of June findig ſtill the open Sea Sebatlar without any maner of impediment, hee thought vețily by Gabat migó: baele Cailed to that way to haue paſſed on fill the way to Cachaie, which is Cathaío. in the East, and woulde haue done it if the mucinie of the Hiymatter Ehtimatter and marriners had not rebellied and made hich co returne homewardes from that place. But it ſeemech This voyage en Cathay refer- that God dochyet itill reſerue this great enterpriſe for ſome ued by Ooo faz great prince, to diſcouer this voyage of Cathaio by this forme grat way: which foz the bringing of the ſpiceries from India Palace tuco Curope were the moſt calie and ſhortelt of all ocher wayeg hetherto founde out. And ſurely this enterpriſe Ehis way the fhoztett ot ad taoulde bee the mott glorious and of moſt importance of all others other that can be imagined to make his name great, fame tmmozcallco all ages to come farre more then can bee done Ehis dilcouery by any of all theſe great troubles and warres, which dayły were a moſt are bled in Europe among the miſerable Chzittian peo: glorious mte. Pzife. ple. This much concerning Sebaftian Gabotes diſcouerie máy fuffice foz a preſent tał: but ſhortly, God willing, ſhall come out in print all his owne mappes e diſcourſes dawne and written by himfelfe, which are in the cuſtodie of the wo’ſhipfull maſter Wulia Worthington one of her Baie- aititame les thington Pory tties Penſioners, who (becauſe ſo wożchie monumentes tioner thoulde not be buried in perpetuall obliuion)is very willing to ſuffer them to be ouerfeene and publiched in as good 09- der as may bee to the encouragement and benefice of our Countriemen 56 កន ប្រធ ជន និង ៤០ ឬ ៣ ដងខ្លួន សូមិ ឬ ជនបងវិញ ដែនដី ជនរតនៈ ខ ៦ ។ប់ ។ Soad teda scomatunto o sa iloa Thrastot 10 ន យ យ រ រ ងៗ ។ • ង ជន ង ឬអន់ដូ ជន ងន ០ថ្មី 30 ) របស់ ៥៩៨ ៩ន? ថា និងជន ប៉ុល វ19 ឬ 0 1 2 g បទេចគេ ឬ យ បា ន ឬ របស់អញ ៖ និងមិន ចន វិបុល បានយកមក ២ ដបានលប់ចោលនយ៉ា ដែលបាន ដែលបាន ចំនួនប នរតនប់ បាល Coat S (notwild in tatt i asisid odoor solo បងជានវរ ឬចំបថតនន ៥នុ១០ នេះ ។ ned the ER 300302 303 00 90 21 A declaration of the Indies and landes diſcouered, and ſubdued vnto the Emperour, and the king of Portugale, And alſo of other partes of the Indics and rich Countries to bec deſconered, which the wore loipfull maſter Robert Thorne merchant of Lom- doo(who dwele long in the City of Siuilin Spaine)exhorted king Heorie che eight co take in hande. UNS MOST EXCELLENT PRINCE on 13 Xperience proueth that tatttrale ly all Princes bee deſirous to efe tend and enlarge their dominis ong and kingdomes. Wherfore it is not to bee maruelled to ſee them euery day procure g fame, not regarding any cott, perili, and labour, that may thereby chaunce, but rather it is to bee marueiled, ifthere be any prince content to liue quiet with his owne dominions. #or ſures ly the people would thinke he lacketh the noble courage and ſpirit of all other. The worlde knoweth that the deſires of Princes haue beene ſo feruent to obtaine their purpoſe, that they haue aduentured and proued things to mans con- iecture impoſible,the which they haue made poſſible, and al- ſotbings difficult haue made facil, and thus to obtaine their purpoſe haue in maner turned up and downe the whole worlde ſo many times, that the people inhabiting in the far- thett regtõ of the occident haue purſued with great deſires, labours and perils, to penetrate and enter into the farthelt regions of the Dzient: And in likewiſe thoſe people of the ſato partes of the Dzient haue had no lelle labour and deſire to enter and penetrate into the fartheft land of the Dccidenc, ano ſa following their purchaſe baue not feaſed until they could Couto palle no farther by reaſon of the great sens, This naturall inclination is catile, that ſcarlely it may bee laide there is any kingdome ſtable, noking quiet, but that his owne imagination, of other Princes his neighboursdoe troublehim, God and nature hach prouided to your Grace, and to your Gracious progenito’s this Realme of Eng. lande,and ſet it in fo fruitefull a place, akd within ſuche li- inites, that it ſhoulde teeme to bee a place qutec and aparted from all the foreſaide delires. Dne ſpeciall cauſe is, foz that it is compaſſed with the Sea : by reaſon thereof it ſeemes, this norwichftanding, their deſires and noble cous rages haue been moit commonly like vnto others: and with inarucilous great labours,coſtes and perilles,they haue tras uelled and paſſed the Seas making warre not onely with kings and doininions nigh neighbours, but alſo with them offarre countries, and ſo hath wonne and conquered many riche and faire Dominions and amplified this your Graces Realine with great victorie and glory. And alſo nowe of late pour Grace hauing like courage and delire, not withs out iuft cauſe,to enlarge this your kingdome and demaund your linites and tribute of the French king, which at that pyeſent hee reftrained your Grace in perſon palled with a great power into France, putting your Graces perſon to great paine and labour, and without doubt victorioufly you had conquered the faide Realme of Fraunce, as yeebegan; if your aduerſarie had not reconciled him, and knowledged your Graces right and title: and ſo promiſed truely to pay the tribute then due,and fulfill your requelt in all thinges, and alſo deſired your Grace for peace the which of your cles mencie you could not refule. Nowe 3 conüdering this your noble courage and delire, e allo perceiumng that your Grace may at your plea- ſitre,to your greater gloy,by a godly meane, with litle coſt, perill,olabour to your Grace or any of your Subiectes, amplite and inriche this your fáide Realme, I knowe it is mny bounde ducie to manifeft this fecrete vnto your Grace, poua lini ou insonni andel which whichhlcherto as I ſuppoſe hath beene hid • which is that plote: with a ſmall number of thippes there may bee diſcouered diuers newe landes and kingdomnes, in the whiche without doubt your Grace ſhall winne perpetuall glory and your Subiects infinite profite. To which places there is left one way to diſcotter, which is into the #204th: For that of the foure parts of the woride it ſeemeth three partes are diſcouered by other Princes. Foz out of Spaine they hatte diſcouered all the Indies and Seas Occidentall, and out of Portugale all the Indies and Seas Dziental: So that by this part of the Dzient and Dccident, they haue compalled the worlde. Foz the one of thein departing tos warde che Drient, and the other towarde the Dccident,met againe in the courſe by way of the middett of the day, and ſo then was diſcouered a great part of the fame Seas and coaltes by the Spaniardes. Sothat nowe reft to bee pile couered the faide Hojtb partes, the which it ſecmeth to mee, is onely your charge and duetie. Becauſe the le tuation of this your Realme is thereunto neereſt and apa teſt of all other and alſo for that you haue alreadie taken Potlo it in hande: And in mine opinion, it will not ſeeme well to leatte fo great and profitable an enterpriſe, ſeeing it may ſo eally and with ſo little cotte, labour, and daunger, bee followed and obteíned : Though heeretofore your Grace hath made theereof a proofe, and founde not the commoditie thereby as you truſted, at this time it ſhall bee no impediment. For there may bee nowe prouided remedies for thinges, then lacked, and the inconuenien- ces and lettes remoorted that then were cauſe your Gras ces delire tooke nofull effect, which is, the courſes to be chaunged, and followe the afożeſaid new courſes. And tons cerning the marriners,fhippes and prouifion, an older may be deuiled and taken meete and conucnient much better then hetherto: By reaſon whereof,and by Gods grace, no doubt your purpoſe fhall take effect. Surely the ceffe heerein will bee nothing , in compariſon to the great profitt. Ba Che Pots The labour is much leſte,pea nothing at all, where ſo great honour and glory is hoped for • and conſidering well the courſes,truly the dãger way is thorter to vs, thếto fpaine of Portugall, as by evident reaſons appeareth. And nowe to declare ſome thing of the commoditie and vtilitie afthis 32auigation and diſcouering, it is very cleere and certaine, that the Seas that commonly men ſay that withe out great danger,difficultie and perill,yea rather it is im- poſſible to palle,thoſe fame Seas bee nauigable and with: out any ſuch daunger, but that ſhippes may paffe and haue in them perpetuall cleerenelle of the day without any dark Refle of the night:which thing is a great commoditie for che nauigants, to fee at all times rounde about them, as well the ſafegardes as daungers and howe great difference it is betweene the commoditie and perilles of other which leaſe the moſt parte of euery foure and twentie houres the faide light, and goe in darkenelle groping their way, 3 thincke there is none ſo ignorant but perceiuech this more plainely, then it can bee expreſſed: yea what a vantage fhalt 10 your Graces Subiects haue allo by this light to diſcouer the ſtrange landes, countries, and coaltes, foy if they that bee diſcouered to ſayle by them in darkeneſfe is with great danger, muche inore then the coattes not diſcoueredbe dara gerous to trauell by night oj in darkeneffe. Yet theſe dangers oy darkneſte bath not letted the Spaniardes and Portingals and other to diſcouer many vnknowen realmeg to their great perill, which conlidered (and that your Gras ces Subiectes mape haute the fate lighte) it will ſeeme your Graces ſubiects to bee without actiuitie o courage, ir leaving to do this glozious and noble enterpriſe. fo they being patt this little way which they named ſo dangerous, which may beeit,oj tit. leagues before they come to y Pole, and as much more after they paſſe the pole, it is cleere that from thence footh the Seas and fandes are as temperat as in theſe partes, that then it may be at the will and pleae Tiare of the marriners, to chooſe whether they will faile by coaltes coaftes that bee colde temperate, b: bot. For they being paid the pole,tt is plaine they maye decline to what parte they lift.3f they will goe towarde the Drient they ſhall into the regions of all the Tartarians that extende towarde the mid- day,and from thence they may goe and proceede to the lande of ý Chinas,&t from thence to the lande of Cathato oziental, which is of all the mayne lande molt orientall that can bet reckoned from our habitation. And iffrom thence they doe continue their nauigation following the coaffe chat returns towarde the occident,they ſhall fall in gelaſſa,and ſo in all the Indees which we call orientall, and following that way may returne hither by the Cape of Bona Speranſa and thus they ſhall compaſte the whsle worlde. And if they will take their courſe after they be paſt the pole, towarde che occident, they ſhall goe in the backe lide of the new foundlande, which of late was diſcouered by your Graces ſubiectes, vntill they come to the backſide and South ſeas of the Indees occis dentalls. And ſo continuing their viage they inay returne thorowethe traite of Magallanas to this countrey, and ſo they compaffe alſo the worlde by that way, and if they goe this thirde way, and after they bee palt che pole,goe right tos warde the pole Antartike,and then decline toward the lands and lands ſituated betweene the Tropikes , and vnder the Equinoctial, without doubt they hal find there jricheft lãds and Iſlands of the worlde of Golde,precious ſtones, balmes, ſpices, and other thinges that weebere efteeme mok : which come out of firang countreys,xmay returne the fame way. By this it appeareth your Grace haue not onely a greate aduantage of the riches , but alſo your ſubiectes fhal not tras uell halfe of the way that other doe, which goerslinde = bout as aforeſaide. cuir ជាង៥០នយឬ da 7 ជនជំនាញ 007 10 credende og sth or sad kuo damn london B3 The booke made by the right worſhip- full Maſter Robert Thorne in the yeere 1527.in Si- will to Do&our ley, Lorde ambaſſadour for King Hen tie the eight to Charles the Emperour, being and information of the parts of the world, diſco a $ uered by him and the King of Portin dhe goth gale: And alſo of the way to the stosos Moluccaes by the dining to sta north. ght noble & reuerenbe in € Iſ receiued your letters,& haue procured and ſent to knowe of your feruant, who your Loidea ſhip wote ſhoulde bee ficke in Merchena. I can not there oz els where heare of him, wous he be returned to you,02 gone to S.Lucar # ſhipt. I cannot iudge but that of ſome contagis ous lickues be died, ſo that the owner of the houſe for defxe ming his houſe woulde bury him ſecretly,and not be known of it.for ſuch things haue ofcē times happened in this coupe Allo to write to your Lordſhippe of the newe trade offpicerie of the Emperour,there is no doubt but that the 31 landes are fertile of cloues, nutmegs, mace, and cinnamon: And that the faide Flandes, with other there about, abounde w gold, Rubtes, Diamonds, Balalles,Granates, íacincts et other tones & pearles,as al other tāds,that are under & nere ø equinoctial.For we ſee, where nature giuech any thing, the is uo nigarde. For as with vs and other , that are aparted from the fayde equinoctiall,our mettalles be lead,tynne,and pron, ſo theirs be golde, fluer, and copper. And as our fruites and graines be aples, nuttes,and come, ſo theirs bee bates, nutmegges,pepper,cloues, and other ſpices. And as mes wee haue iette,amber, criſtall, iafper, and other like stones, fo hauz they rubies, diamonds, valaſies, ſaphires, Jacincts, and other like. And though ſome ſay that of ſuch pzecious "Mettals, graines oy kind of ſpices, and precious ſtones, the as boundance and quantitie is nothing ſo great as our mettals, fruites of ſtones aboue rehearſed:yet ifit b2 well conūdered, how the quantitie of the earth vnder the equinoctiall to boch the tropicall lines, (in which ſpace is founde the ſaid golde, ſpices and precious ſtones) to be as much in quantitie, as als mot all the earth from the tropickes to both the poles:it can not be denied but there is more quantitie of the ſaid mettels, fruites, fpices, and precious ſtones, then there is of the ocher mettels and other thinges before rehearſed . And I ſee that the preciouſneſle of theſe thinges is meaſured after the dittance that is betwzene vs,and the things that we haue ap. petite vnto. Foy in this nauigation of the ſpicerie was diſcos uered, that there Illandes nothing let by golde, but let more by a knife and a naple of yzon,then by his quantitie of Golde; and with reaſon, as the thing more neceſſarie for mans fers uice. And I doubt not but to them ſhoulde bee as precious our coing and ſeedes, if they might haue them, as to bg their ſpices: and likewiſe the preces of glafle chat heare wet haue counterfayted are as precious to them, as to us their ffones: which by experience is feene daplie by them that haue trade chicher. Chts of the riches of thoſe countries is fufficient. Weidido o dos R.39) Touching that your Lodhip wrotè, whecher it may be profitable to the Emperour dy no,it inay be without doubre ofgreat profit: if as the king of Porting all doch, he woulde become a marchant, and prouide ſhippes and their lading, and trade thither alone,and defende the trade of theſe Jlands for hintelfe. But other greater buſines wichholdeth hin from this. But ſtill,as nowe it is begunae tobce occupied, tt would come to much for the ſhips comming in ſafetie there would thither many euery yeerer, of whiche to the Émpes tour is dite of all the wares and Juzlies that come from Taid n thence thence the fift part foz bis cutoine cleare without any coff. And belides this be putteth in euery flote a certayn quantitie of money, of whiche hee enioyeth of the gaines pounde and pounded like as other aduenturers doe. In a flote of thret Thippes and a carawell that went from this citie armed by the marchauntes of it, which departed in Apzill laſt patt, 3 and my partener haue 1400. Ducates that we employed in the fayde fleete, principally for that two Engliſhmen friends of mine, whiche are ſomewhat learned in Colinographie, ſhoulde goe in the ſame thippes, to bying mee certaine relatis on of the licuation of the countrey, and to bee experte in the Hauigation of thoſe ſeas, and there to hatte informations of many other things, and aduiſe that I deſire to know eſpecie ally.Seeing in theſe quarters are ſhippes, and marriners of that cotintrey, and cardes by which they ſayle, though much ynlike ours:that they ſhould procure to hate the ſaid Cards, and learne ho we they vnderttande them, and eſpecially to know what Mauigation they haue for thoſe Klandes Ho7ths wardes, and 12ozthealtwarde. for if from the fayde Iſlandes the Sea do extende, without interpalition of lande, to fayle froin the 10ub poynt to the 120 thealt poynt 1700.02 1800. leagues,they licuið come to the 2ewe founde Iſlandes that wee diſcouered, and ſo wee ſhoulde bee neerer to the fayde (picerie by almott 2000.leagues tijen the Emperour,o the king of Portingal are. And to aduiſe your Lożdlhippe whether of theſe ſpices ries of the King of Portingal or the Emperours is neerer, and alſo of the titles that eyther of them hach, and howe our Newe founde landes are parted from it, (for that by writyng without ſome demonſtration, it were harde to giue any declaration of it, ) 3 haue cauſed that your Lorde, Chippe ſhall receyue herewith a little mappe o2 Carde of the worlde : the whiche,I feare mee, fhall put your Lold- Chippe to moze labour to vnderttande, then mee to make it,only for that it is made in ſo little roome that it cannot be but obſcurely ſet out, ý ts deſired to be ſeene in it, & alſo for I am in this ſcience licle expert:Pet ta remedy in part this diftis Piotr. Difficultie,it is neceſſary to declare to your Lordlhippe my intent,with which 3/ truſt you ſhal perceiue in this card paře sro ofyour deſire,if,fo, that I cannot efpzelle mine intent, with my declaratio 3 doe not make it more obfcure. Firſt, your Lordlhip knowech that the Coſmographers baue deuided the earth by 360 degrees in latitude , and as many in longitude under the which is comprehended at the roundnelle of the earth the latitude beeing deuided into 4. quarters, ninetie degrees amount to euerie quarter, which they meaſure by the altitude of the poles, that is the Nozch and South ſtarres, beeing from the line equinoctiall till they come right vnder the 20th ſtarre the faide ninetie des grees : and aſinuche from the fayde line equinoctiall to the South farre bee other ninetie degrees. And alimuche moze is alſo from eyther of the ſaide ſtarres agayne to the equinoctiall. which imagined to be rounde, is ſoone perceived thus, 360. degrees of latitude to be conſumed in Che ſaid foure quarters,of ninetie degrees a quarter , ſo that this latitude is the meaſure of the wozide from 207th to South, and from South to Hoith. And the longitude, in which are alſo counted other 360, is counted frõ Welt to Eaſt ,07 froin Calt to Welt, as in the card is ſet. The ſaid latitude your Lordſhip may ſee marked and deuided in the end of this carde on the left hande. So that if you woulde Co knoto ite know in what degrees of latitude any region or coalt ttan, latitudes. beth, take a compaſſe and ſet the one foote of the ſame in the equinoctiall line right againſt the ſato region, and apply the ocher foote of the compalle to the ſaide region oz coaſt, and then ſet the fayd compalle at the ende of the carde, where the degrees are deuided. And the one foote of the copafTe ftan: ding in the line equinoctiall the other will fhewe in the ſcale the degrees of altitude oz latitude that the fayd region is in. Alſo the longitude of the worlde 3 haue ſet out in the necher part of the carde , contayning alſo 360 degrees: which begin to be coûted after Ptolome and other Coſmos graphers from an head land called Capo verde, which is De wer againlt a little croſte made in the part occidentall,where sbe the dluition of the degreesbeginneth,& endet, ing faine ( 43 Co Bote the poverde, Nowe to knowe in what longitude any lände is, Longitudes Your Lordeſhippe muk take a ruler of a compaſſe , and fet the one foote of the compafle bpon the lande oz coatt whoſe longitude you woulde knowe and eftende the other foote ofthe compafle to che neste parte of one of the tranf uerfall lines in the Drientall 02 Dccidentall part: which done, ſet the one foote of the comparte in the faide tranſ- uerfall lyne at the ende of the nether ſcale , the fcale of longitude, and the other foote theweth the degree of lon- gitude that the region is in. And your Lordlhippe mult vnderttande that this carde though little conteyneth the vniuerfall whole wozide betwirte the twoo collaterall lines,che one in the Decidentall parte deſcendeth perpen- dicular vppon the 175. degree, and the other in the Ditentall on the 170, degree , whoſe diſfaunce mealus rech the ſcale of longitude. And that whiche is without the two fayde tranfuerfall lynes is onely to thew howe the Dziental part is ioyned with the Decident, e sDccident with the Dzient. Foz that that is ſet without the line in the Dzia ent parte, is the ſame that is ſet within the other live in the Dccidencall parte : and againe that that is fette without tije line in the Decidentall part is the ſame that is ſet with sotto in the line on tie Drientail parte: Tofhewe that though this figure of the worlde in playne oy flat ſeemeth to hate an ende, yet one imagining that this fayde carde were ſet bpon around thing where the endes ſhoulde touche by the lines, it would plainely appeare howe the Dient parc ioys neth with the Decitent as there without the lines it is des feribed & figured. And for inozedeclaration of the ſaid card, pour Lord'hip fhall vnderttand, that beginning on the parté Occidentall within the lyne,the firſt land that is ſet out isy mayne land e land of the Indies ofy Emperour. Which mayne lande or coalt goeth 20th warde, and finithech in the lande chat wee founde, whiche is called beere Terra de Labrador, So that it appeareth the fayde lande that wee founde and the Indies to bee all one mayne lande. The ſayo ſtreit of Masas ſayd coaff from the faide Indies Southwarbe, eg by the carde your Loidſhippe may fee,cīmech to a certaine fraite ſea called Eſtrecho de todos Sancios: by which ffraite Sea Pole called the the Spaniardes goe to the ſpiceries, as 3] fhall declare lane. mode at large: the which ffraite ſea is right againſt the three hundred fifteene degrees of Longitude, and is of Latitude oz altitude from the Equinoctiall fiftie three des grees. The firſt lande from the layd beginning of the carde towarde the Drient is certaine Ilandes of the Canaries ik Flandes of Capo verde. But the firſt mayne lande next to the line Equinoctiall is the fayde Capo verde, and from thence northwarde by the ſtreite of this ſea of Italie. And ſo followeth Spayne, #raunce, Flaunders, Almaine, Denmarke and No way, which is the highett parte tows ard the North. And ouer againit Flaunders are our Flands of England and Irelande. Df the landes and coattes with in the ſtraites 3 haue ſet out oneipe the Regions, deui: ding them by lynes of their lymittes, by whiche playnelie 3 thinke your Loddihip may fee , in what Gituatio cuery re- gion is,and of whathighneſie,x with what regions it is ioys neb. 3 doe thinke few are lefte out of all Europe. In the Partes of Aſia and Affrica 3 could not ſo well inake the ſaid diuifions:faz that they be not ſo well knowen, noj neede ncc ſo muche. Chis I write becauſe in the fayde carde bee made the fayde lynes and ftrikes, that your Lordſhippe ſhould buderttande wherefore they doe ſerue . Allo returning to fazeſayde Capo verde the coaſt goeth Southwarde to a cape called Capo de bona ſperanja: whichés right ouer agaynſt the fiftye and liftie fifte degree of Longitude And by this cape goe the Portingales to their ſpicerie. For from this cape towarde che Dzient , is the Lande of Calicut, as your Lojdlhappe may ſee in the head lande os uer againſt the 130,degree, from the ſaid cape of Bona Spea ransa the coaſt returneth toward the line Equinoctiall, and palling foozth entrech the read ſea, & returning out entreth againe into the gulfe of Perſia , and returneth towarde the Equinoctiall line , till that it commech to the heade lang Pote land called Callicue afore fatde, and from thence the coat making a Gulfe, where is the river of Ganges, returneth towarde the line to a head lande called Malacha, where is the principall (picerie: And from this cape returneth and maketh a great gulfe and after the coaft goeth right toward the Dzient, and ouer againt this laſt gulfe and coaſt be mas nie j]landes, which be Flandes of the ſpiceries of the Empes rour. Upon which the Portingales and he be at vartaunce. The ſaid coaſt goeth towarde the Drient, and endeth right againſt the 155.degrees,and after returneth toward the oc- cident 320rthwarde: which coaft not yet plainely knowne 3may ioynto the new found land found by vg,that 3. fpake of before. So that I finiſhe with this a briefe declaratis on of the carde aforefayde. Well I knowe 3 thoulde alſo Haue declared how the coaftes within the ftreites of the Sea of Italie runne. It is plaine that paſting the ftreites on the Northlide of that Sea after the coaft of Granado, and with that which percaynes to Spayne , is the coaft of that which Fraunce hach in Italie. And then followech in one peece all Italie, which lande hath an arme ofaſea with a gulfe which is called Mare Adriaticum . And in the bottome ofthis gulfe is the citie of Wenice. And on the ather part of the ſaid gulfe is Sclauonia,and nefte Grecia, thenthe treites of Conftantinople and then the Sea called Euximus, which is within the Taide ttreites : And com. ming out of the ſaid firaits ioweth toward Turcia ma- ior.(Though now on both lives it is called Turcia.) And ſo the coalt runneth Southward to Syria, and oust againti the ſaid Turcia are the Jlādes of Rhodes, Candie, and Ope prus. And ouer againīt g|talie are the Flandes of Sicilia * Sardinia, And ouer againt Spaine is qatozca and minoja ca. In the ende of the gulfe of Syria is Judea. And from thence returneth the coaſt toward the Occident, till it coms meth to the ftreites where wee beganne, whiche all is the coaft of Affricke o2 Barbarie. Alſo your Lordſhippe ſhall bnderftande that the coaltes of the Deathoughout all the boozlo 31 baue coloured with yellow,fo, that itmay appeare thas that all that is within the line coloured yellow, is to be imas ginedto be mayne land of Iſland: and all without the fayde line ſo coloured to bee bea: Whereby it is ealie and light to knowtt. Albeit in this little roome any other deſcripcion would rather haue made it obſcure then cleere. Alſo the fayd coaſts of the Sea are all ſet iuftly after the manner #forme as they lye,as the nauigation app?oouech thê throughout all the carde,ſaue onely the coaites and ples of the ſpicerie of Emperour which is from ouer againtt the 160, to the 215. degrees of Longitude. For theſe coaltes e ſituations of the Jſlands euery of the Coſmographers and pilots of Portina gall and Spayne doe fet after their purpoſe. Che Spani- ards move towards the Dzient, becauſe they ſhould appeare to appertaine to the Empereur: and the Votingalles more toward the Dccident, for that they ſhould fall within their turilotction. So that the Pilots #nauigants thither, which in ſuch caſes ſhould declare ; truth, by their induſtrie doe fet thê falſely euery one to fauour his prince. And foz this cauſe canbeno certaine lituatio afy coatt & Jlands, til this diffes rence betwirte thein be verified. 12owe to come to the purpoſe of your Lojdſhippes demande touching the diffe- rence betweene the Emperour and the king of Poytingall, ta vndertâd it better,) mult declare ý beginning of this diſ- couering. Though peraduěture your Lordſhip may ſay ý in that i haue writtē ought of purpoſe J fall in tye Prouerbe, Agemino ono bellum: Bucyour Lordſhip commaundedine to be large, I take licence to be prolifouſe, & fhalbe perat- uenture tedious, but your Loudſhip knowech that nibilignos rantia verboſius. In the yeere 1484.the king of Potingat minded to arme certaine caruelles to diſcouer this ſpicery Then fogalmuch as he feared that being diſcouered euerie other prince would ſend & trade thicher,ſoy the colt e peril ofdiſcouering ſhould be his, the profite common: where, fore firtit he gaue knowledge of this his mynd to al princes chrittened,laying ühe would ſeeke amõgt ý infidels newe potfelliðs of regions, therfore would make a cercain arıny: #jifany of the would help in gcott of g ſaid army be ſhould entoy 3 miop his parte of che ppofite o honour that ſhoulde come of it . And as then this diſcouering was holden foz a fraunge tiing and vncertaine. Nowe they ſay,chat all the Princes of Chriſtendome aunſweared that they woulde bee no part of ſuch an army, nor yet of the proficey might come of it. After the which he gaue knowledge to the Pope of his purpoſe, et of the anſwere of all the Princes,defiring him feeing that none would helpe in the coftes , that hee woulde judge all that ſhoulde bee founde and diſcauered to be of his iuriſoiction, and cominaund that none other Princes ſhould intermeddle therewith. The Pope faide not as Chrift faith, Quis me conſtituit iudicem inter vos? be did not refuſe,but making him ſelfe as Loide and Fudge of all, not only graï- ted that all that ſhould be diſcouered from Dziết to Dccidet Thould be the kings of Portingall, but alſo, that upon great cenfurgs no other Prince ſhould diſcouer but lie: And if they did,all to be the kinges of požtingall.Sohe armed a fleete, and in the yeere 1487.was diſcouered ý Flands of Calicut, from whence is brought all the ſpice he hack). After this in che yeere 1492, the king of Spaine willing to diſcouet latides towarde the Dccident without making any ſuch di. ligence, od taking licence of the king of Portingale, armed certayne caruelles, and thensiſcouered this India Dcciden- tall, eſpecially two I\landes of the ſaide India, that in this carde 3 fet foorch named the one Ledominica, and the other Cuba,and brought certaine gold from thence. Df the which when the king of Portingall had knowledge, he fent to the king of Spayne, requiring him to giuchim y ſaid Iſlands Foz that by the fentence of the pope all that ſhould be diſco, tered was his, and that be fjould not proceede further in the diſcouerie without his licence. And at the ſame time it fees meth that out of Caltill, into Portingale had gone for feare ofburning infinite number of Tewes that were expelled out of Spayne, for that they would not turne to be Chriftians, e carried with the infnite number of gold & filuer. So that it ſeemech that the king of payne anſwered that it was reală that the king of Portingall aſked , and that to bee obedient to that which the pope had decreed, he woulo grue him the fait Iſlands of the Indies. How for as much as it was decreed berwirt ý ſaid kings,j none ſhould receive g others ſubieces fugitiues,noy their goodes, therefore the king of požtingale fhould pay and returne to the king of Spaine a million of Golde or more that the Jewes had carried out of Spaine toimuinats Poztingale;and that ſo doing he would giue theſe Flandes ad otsad and defift from any more diſcouering. And not fulfilling this he would not onely not gtue theſe lands , but procure to diſcouer może where him thought beft. It ſeemeth that the king of Portingale would not or could not with his eaſe pay this mony. And ſo not paying that he coulde not let the king of Spaine to diſcouer: ſo that hee enterpriſed not to ward the Dzient where he had begun and found the ſpicery. And conſented to the king of Spaine that touching this diſe couering they thould deride the worlde betweene them two. And that all that ſhould be diſcottered fro Capo verde, where this carde beginneth to be counted in the degrees of longi- tude, to 180 of the fayde ſcale of longitude, which is halfe the world towarò che Drient, and finithech in this carde right ouer againlt a little croſte måde at the fayde 180. des: Frees, to be the king of požtingalles. And all the lande from the fayde Croſle towarde the Dccident, Untill it topneth with the other Crofte in the Dzient, which conteira nech the other hundrech and eightie degrees , that is the other halfe of the woride, to bee the king of Spaynes. Sorhat from dhe lande ouer agapnt the fayde fundeth and eightie degrees vntill it finith in the three hundjed and tīrtie on both the endes of the cardes is the tvrtiaictés on of the king of payne you o after this manner they deuided the woride betweene thein. nowe for that ryefe Flandes of ſpicerie fall neere the terme and lyınites bea tweene dhele Princes (fo, as by the fayde Carde you maye fee they beginne from one hundred and lipcie degrees of Longitude', and ende in 2150) to feemeth all that falleth from 160,00 180 degrees , Shoulde bee of Vartingall: ant and all the rett of Spayne. And for that their Coſmogras pyers and Pilots could not agreein che ftuation of the faib Flands (for the Potingals ſet them al within their 180.dk grees, and the Spaniards ſet them all without: & for thac in meaſuring all the Colmograpbers of both partes, of Che longitudes what other that euer baue beene canot giue certaine order to harde to be meaſure ý lögitude of the would as they do of ý latitude: foz founde out ý there is no ttarre fired fro Ealf to Weſt,as are g farrs of the poles from oth to South , but all mooueth with the mouing diuine:) no māner can be found how certainely ic may be meaſured , but by coniectures, as the Qauigantes yate etteemed the way they haue gone. But it is manifeft that Spayne had the lituation of all the landes from Capo verde, cowarde the Daient of the Portingales to their 180. degrees. And in all their cardes they neuer hitherto ſet the fayd zlands within their limitatio of the ſapd 180. degrees: Though they knew very well of the landes,) til nowe that the Spaniards diſcouered them. And it is knowne that the king of Poytingale had trade to theſe Flands afore, but would neuer ſuffer Portingale to goe chither from Calicut: for ſo much as he knewe that it fell out of his dominion: kealt by going thither there might come ſome knowledge of thoſe other landes of the king of Spayne, but bought the cloues of merchauntes of that countrie, that brought them ta Calicut, much deerer then they would haue coſt, if he bad ſët for thē,thinking after this maner it would abide alwaies ſecrete. And now that it is diſcouered he ſendes and keepes the Spanieros from the trade all that he can. Alſo it fhould ſee me that when this forelaide conſent of the diuifion of the worloe was agreed of betweene them, the king of poz tingale had alreadye diſcouered certayne 3landes that Iye ouer againtt Capo verde , and allo cercayne parte of the mayne lande of India towarde the South, from whence he fet Balill, and called it the lande of Balill. So for that all ſhoulde come in his terme and limites, bee tooke three hundred and ſeuentie leagues beyonde Се Capo verde and after this,bis 180 degrees, being his part ofthe worlde, ſhoulde beginnein the Carde right ouera gaint the 340 degrees, where 3. haue made a little coms palle with a croſſe , and thoulde finiſhe at the 160.degree, where allo Il baue made an other little marke. And after this computation without any controuerñe, the Jlandes of the (picerie fall out of the portingales domination. So that nowe the Spaniardes ſay to the Portingales that if they woulde beginne their 180. degrees from the faide Capo yerde, to the intent they ſhoulde ertende może towarde the o: asteanza riente, and fo to touche choſe Jlandes of che ſpicerie of the Emperour, which is all that is betweene the two crolles made in this carde, that then the Flandes of Capo verde and the lande of Bafill that the Požtingales nowe obtaine, is out of the fayde limitation, and that they are of the Empe. cours. Driftheir 180. degrees they count from the 370. leagues beyonde the fayde Capo verde, to include in it the fayde Iſlandes and landes of Balill, then plainely appea- rech the faide 18o. degrees fhauide finiſhe longe before they come to theſe 3landes of the ſpicerie of the Emperour : As by this Carde your Löjdelhippe may ſee. For their its mittes ſhoutde beginne at the 340. degrees, of this Carde, and ende at 160 degrees, where I hane made two little dos marks of the compalle with croſſes in them. omado So that plainely it ſhoulde appeare by reaſon, that the Požtingales thoulde leaue theſe Flandes of Capo verde and lant of Balll,if they would haue part of the ſpicerie of the Emperours: o elſe holding theſe they haue no parte there. To this che portingales ſay, that they will beginne their 180. degrees from the felfe ſame Capo verde : for that it maye extende Co muche move towarde the oriente alla touche theſe Flandes of the Emperours : and woulde winne chele landes of Capo verde and lande af Bjalill ne- uer che lelle, as a chinge thatcher potelled before the cor, Sent of this limitation was made. Isto 1. So none can verplye tell whiche bath the beſt reaſon. D. $int. They bee not yet agreed, Quare fub ludice Vlie eſt, But without doubte by all coniectures ofreaſon the fayde Jlandes fall all without the limitation of Poringale, and Pertayne to Spaine,as it appearech by the molt parce of all the Cardes made by the poztingales, faue choſe they haue fallified of late purpoſely. But now, touching that your Lordelhippe wrote, whether that which wee diſcouered colle chath any ching the fożeſapde coales : once it appearech ew found ião Dilcourred by plainzly that the lewe founde lande that wer diſcouered is tje englihnen. alla mayne lande with the Indies occidentall, from whence the emperour hatiy all the golde and pearles: and ſo continu: eth of coatte moje then 5000. leagues of length, as by this Cards appeareth. iffo from the faide newe landes it pro- cegdety coward the occidēt to the Indies , and from the Ju- dies returneth toward the outent,& after turnety (outhwarde bp till it come to the ſtraytes of Todos Sanctos, whiche 31 reckon to be more then 5ooo, leagues. onoga pote, o that to the Indians it ſhoulde feeine that wee baue fome cicle, at leaſt that for our diſcouering wee might crade thither as other dae. But all this is noching Beere the ſpicerie. $20we then (if from the fapte ne we founde landes the Eolople by the Sea bee Nauigable, ) there is no doubte, but ſapling pola, Worthwarde and paffing the pole deſcending to the cqui. noccial lyne wee thall hitte theſe Iſlandes, and it ſhoulde bee muche more fhorcer way, then eyther the Spaniardes of the Požtingales haue. For wee bee diffaunt from the pole but 39.degrees, and from the pole to the Equinoctiall bee 90,che which added cogecher bee 129.Degrees, leagues 2480, and mples 7440. Cathere wee fhoulde finde theſe Slandes. And the Hauigation of the Spaniardes to the fpicerie is, as by this Carde you may fee, from payne to the Flandes of Canarie, and from theſe Iſlandes they ruanę puer the lyne Equinocciall Southwarde to the cape af the mayne lande of Indians, called the Cape of Sainte 30016918 cond susidurtis agus 0.13 Aur Auguſtine, and ftoint this Cape Southwarded to the ttraytes of Todos Sanctos, in the whiche Hauigation to Da te ftratte of ageles, the fayde firaites is 1700.0? 1800, leagues : and from theſe ſtraytes being pał them, they returne towarbe the on you line Equinoctiall to the Iſlaides offpicerie, whiche are dio tante from theſaydeffraites 4200.024300. leagues. The Nauigacion ofthe Potingalles to the fayd Jlands is, departing from Porting ale Soucijwarde towarde che Capo verde, and from thence to another Cape paffing che 30.12 Iyne equinoctiall called Capo de bona ſperanſa, and from sui sitios Potingale to the cape is 1800 leagues, and from this cape to the Tlandes of (picerie of the Emperour is 2500. leagues. la stori smoa e autorisianto dos mortaio alla 2018.CO Ho that by this nauigation amounteth all to 4300.leagues. la 237418 So that as afore is fayde ,, if betweene our Hewe founde landes of Norway, 02 J[[lande the Seas towarde the north be Nauigable, wee Khoulde goe to theſe Jllandés a ſhorter dem way by moje then 2000 leagues. And though wee went not More to the ſaide Flandes , fo that they are the Emperours or staida Hinges of Pozingale, wee ſhoulde by the way, and comodidad ming once to the line Equitroctiall finde landes no leſſe va acos instea riche of Golde and ſpicerie,as all other landes are vnder the name (aide line Equinoctiall: and alſo thoulde, if wee may patre vnder the North, entope the Nauigation of all Cartarie Benefite tu Which ſhould bee no leſſe profitable to our commodities Englande, of cloche,then theſe ſpiceries to the Emperour, and king of Portingale. But it is a generall opinion of all Coſmographers tljat Dilection. palling the feuench clyme,the ſea is all ice the colde ſo much that none can ſuffer it. And hitherto they had all the like opis nian that under the lyne Equinoctiall for muche heate che lande was inhabitable. Het lince by experience is procued no lande fomuch habí- Anfbere.) table D2 Soltida ta storia grandioso 20 Animere, cable no, moje temperate. And to conclude 3/chinke the tash edhe fame thoulde bee founde vnder the North, if it were eppes jag rimented. For as all iudge, Nihil fit vacuum in rerum true opinioni natura : So giudge there is no lande inhabitable,no? Sea innautgable. If i fhould wute the reaſon that preſenteth this vnto mee, 3 ſhoulde bee too prolife and it ſeemeth not requiſite for this preſent matter. God knowech that though by it I thoulde haue no great intereft,yet I hate had Spayage and till haue no little minde of this buſineſle : So that if Diſcoiterie by Jhad facultie to my will it thouldebee s firt thing that I the pole, woulde vnderſtande,euen to attempt, if our Seas North warde bee nauigable to the Pole,oz no. 31 reaſon, that as ag. Uhone and B.Cliot diſca. Come ſickneſſes are hereditarious, come from the father to urrers of New the conne, ſo this inclination oj delire of this diſcouerie 3 found land. inherited of my father, which with another merchant of Bria ftowe named hugh Eliot were the diſcouerers of the newe The carte mie fotend láds, of the which there is no doubt,as now plainly ap. Dhe welt Indees were not surat peareth, if the marriners woulde then haue been ruled, and which allo Se folowed their pilots mind,the lands of the welt Indies from balian Qabot whence all the gold commeth had beene ours. For all is one weiterhinar epiffe to Bap. coatte,as by the carde appeareth, and is aforeſaide . miro SIA Ramulus. in this carde by the coalfes where you ſee C. your Lordſhip fhall vnderſtand it is ſet for Cape or head laud, where 3, foy Jſland, where P.fo Port,where R.fo:Riuer. Alſo in al this little carde 3 thinke noching be erred touching the ſituation of the land, Caue onely in theſe Jllands afſpicery : which, for that as afoze is fayd,euery one fetteth them after his minde, w there can be no certification how they ffand. 3 doe not denie, that there lacke many things,that a confūnate carde fhould Haue, or that a right good demonftration delreth for there ſhould be efpreffed all the mountaines and ríuers that are principall of name in the earth, with the names of Portes of the feathe names of allpzincipall cities, whiche all migót haue fet, but not in chis Carde, for the little fpace would not confent. Pour Lordlhip may ſee that ſetting only the names almoſt of of every region and yet not of alt, the rootte is occupied. gany |lands are alſo left out for the faide lacke of roome: the names almoſt of all pontes put to ſilence, with the roles of the windes oſ pointes of the compatte: for that this is not for pilots to fanyle by, but a ſummarie declaration of that which your Lordchip commaunded . And if by this pour Lordſhippe cannot well perceiue the meaning of this carde, of the which 3 woulde not inaruell,by reaſon of the rude compoſition of it, will it pleale pour Lordſhip to ati uiſe mee to make a bigger and a better mappe,ox els that 3 may cauſe one to bee made. For I knowe my felfe in this and all other nothing perfect,but Licèr femper diſcens,nun- quam tamen ad perfe&tam fcientiam peruenient, it Allo knowe to ſet the fome Sphericall of the worloe in Plano after the true rule of Cofinographie, it would haue been made otherwiſe then this is: howbeit the demonftration fhouldz not haue beene ſo plaine. And alſo theſe degrees of longitude, that I ſet in the lower part of this Card,fhold haue been ſet along by the line eqninoctiali,and ſo then mutt bee imagined. For the degrees of longitude neare either of the poles are nothing equal in bignes to them in the equis noctiall. But theſe are ſet ſo, for that ſetting them a long the Equinoctiall, it would have made obſcure a great parte of the mappe. many other curtolicies may be required, which fa che nonce I did not let downe, as well faz that the intent I had principally was to ſatiſfie pour toubt tots ching the ſpicerieas fou that 31 lacke lepſure and time. 31 truſt your Lordſhippe cozrecting that which is erred, will accept my goodwill, which is to do any thing that I maye in your Lorſhippes ſernice. But front henceforth I knowe your Lordlhippe witracher commande me to keepe filence, then to be large,when you fhalbe weeried with the reading of this diſcourſe. elus proſper pour effate and health. 11.991811.rs SUSTESSE 10.94 outsido afinio zlog : Your Lordſhippes Robere 13 band os sindsi (auton Thorne. 1927.5 D3 Quo A Llothic Carve and ttjat which I write touching elit bariaunce betſvecks the Emperour and the king of Potingale, is not to bee ſhewed or communicated there with many of that curte. For though there is nothing in it pzeiudiciall to the Emperour, yet it may bee a cauſe of paine to the makers as well for that none may make theſe Cardes, but certaine appointed and allowed for maſters, as fo; that peratuçnture it woulde not founde, well to them, Chat affranger fyoulde knowe ou diſcover their ſecretes:and wolde appeare wollt ofail, if they vnderſtand that I wiita touching é fhort way to the ſpicerie by our Seas. Thougy Peraduenture of troth it is not to bee looked too,as a thing Chatby all opinions is vnpoMbies and I thinke neuer will come to effect and therefore neither heere ntay els where is it to bee fpoken of.orfoz to motte it amongélt wiſemen, it ſhoulde bee had in deriſion. And therefore to none I woulde haue written noz ſpoken of ſuch things, but to pottr Lord'hip,to whome boldly 3 commit in this all my faoliſh fantaſie as to my felfe. But if it pleaſe God that into Englande 3 may come with your Lojdfhip, I will thewe ſome coniectures of reaſon though againſt the genes rall opinion of Coſinographers , by which ſhall apa peare this chat 3 ſay not to lacke ſome foundation. And tyll that time I beſeeche your Lordſhip let it bee put to filence: and in the meane ſeaſon it may pleaſe God to ſende dur two Englifhmen,that are gone to the ſpicerie, which may alſo bying moreplaine declaration of ý which in this caſe might bee delired. Alſo knowe it needed not to haue beene ſo prolife in the declaration of this Carde to your Loudſhip, if the faide Carde badbeenevery well made after the rules of Coſmographie. Fozpour Lordlhip woulde foone brbera tande it better then 31,02 any other that coulde haue made it and ſo it ſhoulde appeare that I fhewed Delphinum nata: re. But forthat I have made it after my rude maner,it is nes cellarie that 3l be the declarer oz gloſer of mine owne work, az els pour Lordſhip ſhould haue had much labour to vrie Derttande Orritande te, which note with it alſo cannot beeefculed, it is fo groffely done. But 3, kne we you looked foz no cus rious things of mee,and therefore 3/ trutt your Lordſhippe will accept this and holde inee for ercuſed. In other mens letters that they write they craue pardon that at this preſent they write no larger: but I muſt finiſh, aſking pardon that at this preſent I wjice ſo largely. Sleſus preferue your Lozas fhip with augınentation of dignities. Your ſeruanc Robert Thornc, 1527. This exhortation to king benete the eight, with the dll his , was preſerued by one maſter Emmanuel Lucar executour to maſter Robert Chome, and was friendly imparted bnto mee by malter Cyprian Lucar his ſonne an honeft Gentle- mar and very forwarde to furcher any good and laudable action. And that it may bee knowne chat this motion tooke preſent effect with the king, I thought it good herec- withall to put downe the tettimonie of our Chonicle that the king let out ſhippes foz this diſcouerie in his life time. matter Hall and matter Grafton in their Chronicles wiite bach thus: This ſame moneth king Henry the eight fente two faire ſhips, well manned and victualed,hauing in them diuers cunning men to ſeeke trange regions and ſo they ſec foorth, out of the Thames the sp. day of gay in the rif. yeere of his raigne. Ju the yeere of our Loide. I927 FINIS angolasslocl 3109 300 GA • ៦រ ឬ]] - ឬឬo.gg វិវរ ទទឧបត់ S9 ច ៩ ឬ ១៦ ។ streinatu gaismaster the water | O Ch8 9 ៩ យប់ និង ថ្មីៗ ជំនង ៨ រ ន ជ រវ៖ [ 11 - 11. ឬ ន. ឬ១៦ , 333 ឬ 0.4 G d) s1. 1វិន ខាន។ 3. 3 ១ វរប់ រយ ឬ 1 1 1 1 1 ១៧នេះ។ វិច រ រ រ រ ១៦៩ ញវធំ ៨ ៩៩០ឬ១ E 221 62 រន់, វត្តថវិកd a DJ ០៦៦៨ ០៦ ប០ 22 20 watt siste godinelerųeset od ugni glonsist tid att stop do 903 $100 to NG 910 Did Thas dan 131 gussm STOSUUSİ ONB 2009 gs Dodol or guindot saad Urta IT a ជំនងយចន៍ ១៩ រ ត រ វិធីចិន 21 ១ ០០៨ បាន។ ដំ272 1971dd៖ si cioco a 70 sito di una panchi សាន់ របប ប៉ុល ៤៨ នេះទៅ suo elizore di most ustih nak Soni] dnia se s puis dietolo I chod ថា រ 1 នៃ 15 days ឬ ខមិ ឬ ចាប់បានធ្វើជាស ១២ • ជន្មបាន 332 o ១១ s To the moſt Chriſtian king of Fraunce, Fraunces the firſt. The relation of Iohn Verarzanus a Florentine, of the lande by him diſcouered in the name of his Maie- fie, written in Diepe the eight of Iuly 1524. Utzote not to your paieffie(mott Chi- ftian king) fince the time wee ſuffered the tempelf in the Nozch partes, of the fuccelle of the foure Ships, which your waiettieſent fo2th to diſcouer new lands by the Dcean, thinking your Maieſtie had been alreadie duly enformed thereof. Nowe by theſe preſents I will giue your maieftie to vn- derttand, yowe by the violence of the windes wee were foz- ced with ý two ſhips, the Norman and the Dolphin, in ſuch euill cale as they were to lande in Britaine. Whereafter wee had repaired them in all pointes as was needefull and armed them very well, wee tooke our courſe a long by the coaſt of Spaipe, Afterwardes with the Dolphin alone, wee deterimined to make diſcouerie of newe Countries, to proſecute the nauigation wee had alreadie begun, which 3 purpoſe at this preſent to recount vnto your gateſtie, to make manifeſt the whole proceeding of the matter. The 17 of Januarie,the yeere 1524.by the grace of God, wee departed from the difhabited Rocke,by the Iſle of Madêra, appertaining to the king of Portingall, with fiftie men,with victuals, weapon, and other ſhip, munition very well p? uided and furniſhed for 8.monethes: And ſayling weſtwards with a faire Eaſterly winde, in 25, dayes wee ranne 500, leagues and the 20.0f Febquarie wee were ouertaken with as ſharpe and terrible a tempeft as euer any faylers ſuffe- red:whereof with ý diuine helpe e mercifull afſiffaunce of Almightie God and the goodneſle of our Chip accompanied with The diſcouerie of with the good hap of her fortunate name wee were delite: red,and with a proſperous wind followed our courſe Welt # by inozch. And in ocher 2 s.wayes wee made avoue 400 leagues more, where wee diſcouered a newe land, neuer bea fože ſeene of any man either auncient or moderne,and at the firit light it ſeemed ſomewhat lowe, but beeing within a quarter of a league of it, wee perceiued by the great fiers that wee ſaweby the Sea coatte that it was inhabited: and ſaw that the lande ifretched to the Southwards:in ſeeking ſome conuenient harbojough whereby to come a lande, and haue knowledge of the place, weeſapled fiftte leagues in vaine and ſeeing the lande to runn ſtill to the Southwards wee reſolued to returne backe againe towardes the North, where we found our felues troubled with the like difficulty: at length veging in deſpaire to finde any port, wee catre anker vpon the coaſt and ſent our Boate to ſhoze, where we ſawe great ſtore of people which came to the Sea lide, and feeing vs to approche they fled away, and ſometimes would ftande ttill and looke backe, beholding vs with great admia ration: but afterwardes beeing animated and allured with fignes that wee made them, ſome of them came harde to the Sea fide ſeeming toreioyce very inuche at the light of us, and marueiling greatly at our apparell,fhape and whitenes, ſhewed bs by ſundry fignes where wee mighe moſt commos diouſly come a land with our Boat,offering vs alſo of their victuals to eate. Nowe 1 will briefly declare to your Maiettie their life and manners, as farre as wee coulde baue notice thereof : Cheſe people goe altogeather naked ercept only that they couer their puiute partes with certaine ſkinnes of bealtes like vnto gparterns, which they falteu vnto a narrowe girdle made of gralle verye artificially ibought,banged about with tailes of diuers other beaftes, which rounde about their bodies yang dangling downe to their knees. Some of them weare garlandes of byzdes feathers. The people are of colour rullet , and not much vnlike the Saracens, their hapje blacke, thicke and not OT Morum bega. not very long, which they tye together in a knot behinde weare it like a taile. They are wel featured in their limbs, of meane ftature and commonly ſomewhat bigger then we, brode breaſted, ſtrong armes,their legges and other partes of their bodies well faſhioned, and they are diſfigured in nine thing Cating that they haue ſomewhat brode vilages and yet 110t all of them: for wee ſawe many of them well fatoured hauing blacke and great eyes, with a cheerefull and fredie looke, not trong of body yet ſharpe witced, nymble and great runners, as farre as we coulde learne by experience, and in thoſe two latt qualities they are like to the people of the Ealt partes of the worlde,and eſpecially to them of the vttermolt partes of China, wee coulde not learne of this people their manner of liuing, no, their particuler cu. ftomes by reaſon of ý thout abode we made on the ſhore,our companie being but ſmall, and our ſhip ryding farre of in the Sea. And not farre from theſe we founde an other pede ple, whoſe liuing weethinke to bee like vnto theirs, (as heereafter I will declare vnto your pgaieftie,) fhewing at this pueſent the ſituation and nature of the foreſaide lande: Che thoze is all couered with ſmall ſande, and ſo aſcendeti upwardes for the ſpace of fifteene foote riſing in fozme of little hilles about fiftie paces broade. And ſapling fowards wee founde certatne ſmall Ruuers and armes of the Sea, that enter at certain creekes, waſhing the ſhore on both ſides as the coalt lyeth. And beyonde this wee fawe the open Countrie riling in height aboue the ſandie fhoje with many fayze fieldes and plaines,full of mightie great woous, ſome verie thicke and ſome thinne,repleniſhed with diuers ſortes of trees, as pleaſaunt and delectable to beholde as is poſſible to imagine. And your spatelfie may not thinke that theſe are like the woodes of Hercinia of the wilde Des Certes of Tartary, and the Northerne Coaltes full of fruitelelle trees: But full of Palme trees, Bay trees, and high Cypreſſe trees, and many other ſortes of trees vns knowne in Europe, which yeeld moſt ſweete fauours farre from the fhoje,the propertie whereofwee coulde not learne 42 foz The diſcouerie of Gr.34* Foz the cauſe aforeſaide, and not for any difficultie to palle through the woods: Seeing they are not ſo thicke but that a man may palle through thein. Neither doe wee thinke that they part taking of the Eatt worlde rounde a. bout them are all to geather voice of drugs or ſpicerie, and other richelle of golve, ſeeing the colour of the lande doch ſo much argue it. c. no the lande is full of many beaftes, as Stags, Deare and Hares, and likewiſe of Lakes and Pooles of Frelh water, with great plentie of foules,conues nient for all kinde of pleaſant game, This lande is in lae titude 34. D. with good and hollome ayze , temperate, betweene hot and colde, no vehement windes doe blowe in thoſe Regions, and thoſe that doe commonly raigne in thoſe Coaſtes, are the No{th Welt and Weft windes in the Sommer ſeaſon, (in the beginning whereof wee were there) theſkie cleere and faire with very little raine: and if at any time the aye bee cloudie and miffie with the Sowtherne winde immediately it is diffolued and wafety cleare and fayze agayne. The Sea is caulme, not boy. tkerous, the waues gentle, and although all the fhoje bee ſomewhat lowe and with out harborough: yet it is not daungerous to the ſaylers beeing free from rockes and deepe, ſo that within foure or fiue foote of the ſhore, there is twentie foote deepe of water without ebbe or flood, the depth ftill increaling in ſuch vniforme propoztion. There is very good ryding at Sea: for any Ship beeing taken in a tempelt can neuer periſhe there by breaking of her ca. bles, which wee haue proued by experince. Fou in the bes ginning of March(as is vſuall in all Regions) beeing in the Sea oppreſled with Northerne windes and riding there, wee founde our anker broken before the earth fap led or mooued at all. Wiee departed from this place ftill running a long the coatte, which we found to trende towarde the Eaſt,and wee law euerie where berie great fin ers,by reaſon ofthe multitude of the inhabitants. While we rode on that Coafte pardlie becauſe it had no harborough, and for that wee wanted water wee ſent our Boat a fhoje with Morum bega. with 25.men:whereby reaſon of great and continual waues chat beate againſt the thoje, being an open coatt , without ſuccour,none of our men coulde pomible goe a ſhoze without looling our boate. Wie fawe there many people which came vnto the chove,making diuers lignes offriendſhip and thewa ing that they were content wee ſhoulde come a lande,and by trial we found thē to be very courteous & gentle as your ma- Courteous and ieftiefhal vnderttand by the ſuccette. To the intent we might gentle people, ſende thein of our thinges, which the Indians commonly des fier and etteeme as theetes of paper, glaſles, belles, and ſuch like trifles : Wee ſent a young man one of our marrie ners a fhoje,whoſwimming towards them, and being with in 3.02 4.Yeards off the ſhoje , not truſting them, calt the thinges vpon the lhore, ſeeking afterwardes to returne, bee was with ſuch violence of the waues beaten vpon the ſhore, that he was ſo bruiſed that hee lay there almoft dead, whiche the Indians perceiuing, ranne to catche him, and drawing him out they carried him a little way of from the ſea: The young man perceiuing they cariedhim, beeing at the firti diſmaide,began then greatly to feare and cried out pitiouſly, likewiſe did the Indians which did accompanie him, going about to cheere him and giue him courage, and then ſetting him on the grounde at the foote of a little bill againt the funne beganne to beholde him with great admiration, mar- ueiling at the whiteneſſe of his fleſhe: And putting off his clothes they made him warme at a great fire, not without our great feare which remained in the boate that they would haueroſted him at that fire and baue eaten him. The young man hauing recouered his ſtrength , and hauing ftayed a while with them, thewed them by ügnes that hee was defi- rous to returne to the ſhippe: And they with great loue clap- ping him fått about with many embracings, accompanying him bnto the ſea, and to put him in more affitrance, leauing him alone they went vnto a high groumde and ſtoode there, beholding him vntil he was entred into the boate.This yong man obſeruted as we did alſo, that theſe are of colour encli- ning to Blacke as the other were , with their fleſheve rie The diſcoueric of riethining of meane ſfature, handſome viſag, anb dilicate limmes and of verie little trength:but of prompt wicte, far: ther wee obſeruted not. Departing from hence following the ſhore which tren- ted ſomewhat towarde the North in soleagues ſpace, wet came to another lande which ſhewed much more fatre and full of woods,being very great, where we rode at Ancker, long and that wee might hatte ſome knowledge thereof, wee fent 20.men a lande, which entred into the countrey about two leagues,and they founde that the people were fledde to the woods for feare, they ſawe onely one olde woman with a young maide of 18.02 20,yeeres olde, which ſeeing our com Panie hid them ſelues in the gralle foz feare,the olde woman caried two Infantes on her ſhoulders,andbehinde her necke a childe of 8.yeeres olde : the yong woman was laden likes wile with as many:but when our men came into them, the women cryed out the olde woman made lignes that the mer were fled vnto the woods, as ſoone as they ſawe vsto quiet them and to winne their fauour, our men gaue them ſuche victuals as they had with them to gate, which the old woman receiued chankfully:but the yong woman diſdained them al, and typewe thein diſdainefully on the grounde, they tooke a childe from the olde woman to bring into Fraunce, and go. ing about to take the young woman which was verye beaw: tifull # oftal ttature, they could not poſibly for great outs tries that thee made bying her to the ſea, and eſpecially ha- uing great woods to palle through, and being farre from the thippe, wee purpoſed to leaue her behinde bearing away the childe onely. Wie found thoſe folkes to bee może white than thoſe that we founde before, being clad with certaine leates hang on boughes of trees, which they lowe together with thredes of wilde hempe , their heads were truſled up after the ſame manner as the former were, cheir ozdinarie foode is of pulſe, whereofthey haue great ſtore, differing in colour # talte frõ ours,of good t plaſant talte. poreouer they liue by fiſhing & fouling which they take with ginnes, and bowes made of hard wood the arrowes ofCanes,being beas Morum bega. headed with the bones of tifhe and other beattes. The beaties in theſe parts are inuch wilder tht in our Europe, by reaſon they are continually chaſed and hunted. Wee lawe many of their boates made of one tree 20, foote long , and 4. foo te broade, which are not made with Fron,oz ftone, oz any other kinde of metal, (becauſe that in all this countrie for the ſpace of 200 leagues whiche we ranne, wee never ſawe one ftone of any ſort):they help themſelues with fyze,burning ſo much of the tree as is ſufficient for the hollownelle of the boate,the Itke they dse in making the terne and the foreparte vntill tt be fitte to faile vpon the ſea. The lande is in Lituation,goods nelle and fairenes like the other:it hach woods like the other, thinne and full of diuers ſortes of trees: but not ſo ſweetebee Cauſe the countrey is może no therly and cold, Wiee ſawe in this Countrey many Wines growing nas turally, which growing vp take hold of the trees as they do in Lombardie,w if byhuſbandmen they were dzetledin good ozder, without all doubte they woulde yeelde ercellent wines : fo wee hauiny oftentymes feene the fruite there- of dried, whiche was ſweete and pleaſaunt, and not diffe- ring from ours. Wee doe thinke that they doe elreeme the ſame, becauſe that in every place where they growe,ther take away the vnder byatınches growing rounde about, that the fruite thereof may ripen the better. Wie found alſo roles, violettes, lillies, and many ſorts of herbes, and ſweete and odoziferous flowers different from ours. We knewe not their dwellinges, becauſe they were farre vp in the lande, and wee itdge by manye lignes that and to an wee fawe, that they are of wood and of trees framed toges ther. Weedde beleeue allo by many coniectures and lignes, that many of them üleeping in the fieldes, baue no other costa 13 ter then the open ſkye. Ffurther knowledge haue wee not alone of them we thinke g all the relt whole countreys we palled Iiue all after one manner, hauing our aboade three dayes in this cuntrey,riding on the coatt for want of harboroughs, 44 The diſcoueric of concluded to departe from thence , trending along the ſhore betweene the North and the Eatt, ſayling onely in the days time, riding at ancker by night in the ſpace of 100.leagues ſayling, wee founde a very pleaſant place, lituated amongt certaine licle ſteepe hilles : from amiddeſt the which billes there ran down into the ſea a great itreame of water, which within the mouch was very deep, fromý ſea to ý mouth of fame with the tyde which wre found to riſe 8,foot,any great veltell laden may palle vp. But becauſe wee rode at Ancker in a place well fenced from the winde, wee woulde not venture our ſelues without knowledge of the place, and wee palled vp with our boate oncly into the fayde River, and ſawe the Countrey very wel peopled. The people are almoſt like bnto the others and clad with the fethers offoules of diuers colours, they came tos wardes vs very cherefully, making great ſhowtes of admi- ration,ſhewing vs where we might come to lande mott ſafe- ly with our boate.We entred vp the faid riuer into the lande abouchalfe a league, where it made a molt pleaſant lake a. bout 3. leagues in compaffe: on the which they rowed from the one ide to the other to the number of 30. of their ſmall boates: wherein were many people whiche palled from one Thore to the other to come and ſee bs, and beholde vpon the ſodaine(as it is wont to fall out in faylıng)a contrarie flawe of windè comming from the ſea, wee were enforced to res turne to our Shippe, leauing this lanve to our great dif- contentment, for the great commoditie and pleaſantnelle the pleaſant: nes and riches thereof whiche wee ſuppoſe is not without ſome rie of thelamut. ches,all the hills ſhewing minerall matters in the.We wet- ed Ancker,and ſayled towarde the Eaſt, for to the coatt trens ded, and ſo alwayes for 50. leagues being in the ûght ther es The deſcriptiã of wee diſcouered an Iſlande in forme of a triangle, dil of Claudia 36 tant from the mainelande 3.leagues, about the bignelle of fande. the Jlande of the Rodes, it was full ofhilles couered with trees, well peopled, foz we ſawe fires all along the coaffe, Claudia was wife of King wee gauethe name oftt, of your maieftieg mother, not ſtay- Francis. ing there by reaſon of the weather being contrarie. Morum begao z And wee came to another lande being 15.leagues Dittant from the Flande, where wee founde a paſſing good hauen, wherein being entred we founde about 20. Imall boates of The Comttu of Sırb.e. the people which with diuers cries and wondings came a- voyage bout our ſhippe, comming no nerer then 50. paces towards bs,they ttayed and behelde the artificialnelle of our fhip, our Chape & apparel, chã they al made a loud ſhowte together des claring that they retoyced: when we had ſomethiug animas ted them bling their gealtes, they came ſo neere vs that wee caft them certaine bells and glaſſes and many toyes, whiche when they had receiued they lookte on them with laughing & came without feare aborde cur thu. There were among tt theſe people 2.kings of fo goodly ttature and ſhape as is poſs lible to declare, the eldelt was about 40.yeeres ofag,che ſe. cond was a yong man of 20.yeres olo. Their apparell was on this maner,the elder yad vpõhts naked body aharts ſkin wought artificialie with diuers braunches like Damaſke, his head was bare with the hairetyed vpbehinde with diuers knottes: About his necke he had a large chaine, garniſhed with diuers ſtones of fundrie colours the young man was almoſt appareled after the ſame manner. This is the goods lielt people and of the faireff conditions that wee haue found in this our voyage.They erceed us in vignes,they are of the colour of balle, ſome of thê encline mojeto whitues: others are of yellowe colour, of comely viſage with long # blacke heire which they are very carefullto trim and decke vp,they are blacke and quicke eyed.3) wuite not to your watettie, of the other parte oftheir bodie, hauing all ſuche propoztion ag appertayneth to anye handſome man. The women are of the like conformitie and Beawtie,verie handſome and weil fauoured, they are as well mannered and contis mente as anpe women, of good education, they are all naked ſaue their priuie partes whiche they couer with a Dearesſkinne braunched or embrodered as the men ble there are alſo of them whiche weare on their armes verie richeſkinnes of leopardes, they adojne their heades with diuers oznamentes made oftheir owne heire, whiche hange 65 downe The diſcouerie of downe before on both ſides their brettes, others ble other kinde of dvelling them ſelues like vnto the woinen of Egypt and Syria, theſe are of the elder forte: and when they are married they weare diuers toves, according to the blage of the people of the Ealt as well men as women. Among whom wee fawe many plates of wrought coper, which they eſteeme more then golde, whiche for the colour they make no accompt of, for that among all other it is counted the baſeft,they make moſt accompt of Azure and red. The things that they eſteemed molt of al thoſe which we gaue them were bels,criffall of Azurecolour, and other toies to hang at their eares oy about their necke. They did not des fire cloth of liike oz of golde, muche lefſe of any other ſoute, neicher cared they for thinges made of ſteele and Iron, which wee often ſhewed them in our armour whiche they made no wonder at, and in beholding them they onely aſked the arte of making them: the like they did at our glatlles, which whé the behelve,they ſodainely laught and gaue them vs againe. They are very liberal for they giue that which they haue, we became great friendes with theſe and one day wee entred ine to the hauen with our ſhippe, where as before wee rode a league of at ſea by reaſon of the contrary weather. They came in great companies of their ſmall boates vnto the ſhip with their faces all be painted with diuers colours, thewing bs ġ it was a ligne of ioy,bringing vs of their victuals, they made fignes vnto vs where wee might ſafeſt ride in the ha- uen for the ſafegarde of our ſhippe keeping till our compas nie: and after we were come to an Ancker,we beſtowed fif- teene dayes in prouiding our felues many neceſſary things, whether every day the people repayzed to ſee our fhip brings ing their wiues with them, whereof they are very ielous: and they themſelues entring abrode the thippe and ſtayinge there a good fpace,cauſed their wiues to ſtay in their boates, and for at the intreatie we could make,offering to giue them diuers things, we could neuer obtaine that they would ſuffer them to come abożde our fhip. And oftentimes one of the two kings comming with his queene, and many gentlemen for their pleaſure to ſee vs, they all ſtayed on ý fhoje two huns Morum bega, bred paces frõ vis, ſending a final boate to give us intelligéce of their comming, laying they would come to ſee our flippe, this they did in token of ſafetye, and aſſoone as they had axa [were from vs they came immediacly , and hauing trayed a while to beholde it, they wondered at hearing the cryes and noyes of the marriners. The queene and her maids ſtayed in a very light boate,at an zſland a quarter of a leage off, while the king abode a long ſpace in our fhip btcering diuers con: ceites with gealtures, viewing with great admiration, all che furniture of the ſhippe, demaunding the propertie of euerie thing perticularly. He tooke likewiſe great pleaſure in beholding our apparell,and in taſting our meates, and ſo courteouſly taking his leaue departed. And ſometimes our men ſtayiug fotwo of tlee dayes on alitle Iſlande nere the ſhip for diuers neceſſaries, as it is j vſe of ſeamen) he retur: ned with 7.02 8.ofhis gentlemen to ſee what we did,and af, ked of vs oft times if wee meant to make any long aboade there,offering vs of their prouiſion: then the king dawing his bowe and running bp and downe with his gentlemen, made much ſporte to gratifie our men, wee were oftentimes within the lande 5.026.leagues, which we found as pleaſant as is polble to declare very apt for any kinde ofhuſbandır of cozne, wine and ople: foz that there are plaines 25,02304 leagues broad, open and without any impediment of trees of ſuch fruitfulnette, that any ſeede being ſowne therein, will bring forth moſt excellent fruite. We entred afterwards ins to the woods which wee found ſo great and thicke, chat any armie were it neter ſo great might haue bid it felfe therein, the trees whereof are okes,cipres trees, and other ſoztes vna knowen in Europe.We found Pomi appit, Damſon trees, and Nutte trees and many other ſorts of fruits differing frá ours:there are bealts in great abundance, as hartes, deares, leopardes,and other kinds which they take with their nets bowes which are their chiefe weapons, the arrowes whiche they ble are made with great cunning,and in teade of iron, they head them with ſmeriglio, w ialper ftone, & hard mar- ble & other ſhary ftones which they vfê in ſtead of iron to cut 32 trees, The diſcouericot trees and make their boates of one whole piece of wood,mk- king it hollowe with great and wonderfull art,wherein 1o. 0? 1 2. men may bee cömodiouſly, their oares are ſhorte and broad at the ende, and they vle them in the ſea without anye daunger, and by maine force of armes, with as great ſpeedia nelle as they lifte them ſelues. We ſawe their houſes made in circuler of rounde fourme 10.02. 1 2, foote in compaſte, made with halfe circles of timber , ſeperate one from ano, ther without any order of building, couered with matces of ftrawe wrought cunningly together, whtch ſaue them from the winde and raine,and if they had the ouder of building and perfect[kil of workmālhip as we haue:there were no doubt but ý they would alſo make eftſoones great and ſtately buile dings. For all the ſea coalfes are full of cleare and glittering ſtones and alablatter, and therefore it is full of good haueng and harbarours foz fhips. They mooue the foreſaide houſes from one place to another accoding to the commoditie of the place and ſeaſon wherein they will make their aboade, and only taking of the couer,they haue other houſes builded incontinent. The father and the whole familie dwell toges ther in one houſe in great number: in ſome of them we ſawe 25.01 30. perſons. They feede as the other doe aforeſaide of pulſe whicle doe growe in that countrey with better order of huſbandzy thê in the others. They obſerue in their ſowing the courſe ofthe moone and the riſing of certaine tfarres, and diuers other cuſtomes ſpoken of by antiquitte. moleos ater,they live by hunting and fiſhing they liue long and are ſeldome licke , and if they chaunce to fall ficke at any time, they heale chem ſelues with fire without any philition, and they ſay that they die for very age. They are very pitiful and charitable cowardes their neighbours, they make great las mentations in their aduerſitie # in their miferte, the kinred xecken vp all their felicitie,at their departure out of life, they ble mourning mirt v lnging, w continuethfoz alóg ſpace, This is almuch as wee coulde learne of them. This lande is kituated in the Paralele of Rome,in 41,degrees 62.terces: but Morum bega. but fomewhat more colde by accidentall cauſe and not of nature, (as I will declare vnto your highnelle els where) deſcribing at this preſent the ſituation of the foreſaide couns trie, which lyeth Palt and Welt, I ſay that the mouth of the hauen Iyeth open to the South halfe a league broade, and being entred within it betweene the Eaſt and the North, it ftretcheth twelue leagues where it wafech bjoder and bros der, and maketh a gulfe aboute 20. leagues in compaile, wherein are fitte imall Jlandes very fruitfull and pleaſant, full ofhie and bżoade trees,among the which Ilandes, any great Nauie may ryde ſafe without any feare of tempelt op other daunger. Afterwardes turning towards the South and in the entring into the Hauen on both lides there are molt pleaſant hilles, with many riuers of molt cleere water falling into the sea, In the middelt of this entraunce there is a rock of free ftone growing by nature apt to builde any Caſtle or foje treffe there for ý keeping of the hauen. The fift of may be ing furniſhed with all thinges neceflarie,we departed from jfatd Coalt keeping along in the light thereof, & we ſapled 150 leagues finding it all wayes after one manner: but the lande ſomewhat higher with certaine mountaines all which beare a fhewe of minerall matcer, wee fought not to lande there in any place, becauſe the weather ferued our turne fog ſayling: but wee ſuppoſe that it was like to the former, the Coatt ranne Eaſtward for the ſpace of fifcie leagues. And trending afterwardes the 1207th, wee founde another lande high full of thicke woods, the trees whereof were firres, Cia preſes and ſuch like as are wont to growe in colde Coun. tries. The people differ much from the other, & looke howa much the former ſeemed to be courteous and gentle:fomuch were theſe full of rudenetle and ill manners, and ſo barbas rous that by no lignes that euer wee coulde make,wee could haue any kinde of trafficke wich them. They cloth thélelues wich Beares ſkinnes and Leopardes and ſealles and other beattes ſkinnes. Their foode as farre as wee coulde per - cieue, The diſcouery of ceite,repayzing often into their dwellings wee ſuppole ta bee by hunting and fiſhing, and of certaine fruites, which are a kinde of rootes, which the earth yeelbeth of her owne ace co2d.They haue no graine, neither ſawe wee any kinde og figne of tyllage,neither is the lande, for the barrennes cher, of apt to beare frute or feed.Jfat any tiine we delred by ets chaunge to haue any of their commodities,they vſed to come to the Sea fhoje vpon certaine craggie rocks and wee fan- ding in our Boats, they let downe with a rope what it plea- ſed them to give vs,crying continually that wee ſhould not approch to the lande, demanding immediately the erchange taking nothing but kniues,filhookes and tooles to cut with, all, neither did they make any account of our curtelie. And when we had nothing left to exchange with them, when we departed from them the people ſhewed all lignes of diſcours telie and diſoatne,as was poſſible foz any creature to inuent. Wiee were in deſpight of them two or three leagues within the lande,being in number 25 armed men of vs: And when wee went on ſhore they ſhot at vs with their bowes,making great outcries,and afterwardes fled into the woods. Wee founde not in this lande any thing notable,02 of importance, fauing very great woods and certaine hilles, they may haue Come mynerall matter in them, becauſe wee ſave many the haue beadſtones of Copper hanging at their eares. We departed from thence keeping our courſe 12ozth Eatt along the caalte, which wee founde moje pleaſant champion and without woods with high mountaines within the lande continuing directly along the coalt for the ſpace of fiftie leagues, wee diſcouered 32.Jlelandes lying all neare the lande, being ſmall and pleaſant to the viewe, higy and has uing many turnings and windings betwenethem, making many fayze yarboroughes and chanels as they doe in the goulfe of Venice in Saluonia, and Dalmatia, wee had no knowledge oz acquaintance with the people: wee ſuppoſe they are of the ſame maners and nature that the others are. Sayling 12ozthealt for the ſpace of 150.leagues we appzae ched of Morum bega. ched to the lande that in times paft was diſcouered by the Britons, which is in fiftie degrees. Bauing now ſpent all our prouiſion and victuals, and hauing diſcouered about 700, leagues and more of newe Countries, and being furniſhed with water and Wood wee concluded to returne into Fraunce. Touching the religion of this people, which wee haue founde for want of their language wecould not vnderſtand neither by lignes nog geffure that they had any religion oz lawe at all,oz that they did acknowledge anyfürtt cauſe of mouer, neither that they wojſhip the heauen oz tfarres the Sunne oj poone of other Planets, and much leſſe whes ther chey beeidolaters, neither coulde wee learne whether that they bled any kinde of Sacrifices or other adorations, neither in their villages haue they any Temples oy houſes of prayer. WWe ſuppoſe that they hatte no religion at all, andý they liue at their owne libertie. And g all this procets dech ofignorance for that they are very eaſie to bee perſuđe bed and all that they ſee vs Chriſtians doe in our diuine ſers uice they did the ſame with the like imitation as they ſawe us to doe it. B4 Tbe Dekor bob AM this ons 110 TOEIC and ** The diſcouerie of the Iſles of Frif- land, Iſcland, Engroueland, Efotiland, Drogeo and Icaria, made by M.Nicolas Zeno, Knight, and M. An- tonio his brother, 112 the yere of our Lold i 200. There was in the Citie of Ve. nice a fainous Gentleman,nas med M.Marino Zeno, who faz his great vertue and lingular wiſedome, was called and eleca ted gouernour in certain com: mon wealthes of Italy, in the adminiftration whereof het boze himſelfe ſo diſcreetly, that yee was belowed of all men, and his name greatly reuterens ced of thoſe that neuer knewe o2 Cawe his perſon. And &- mong ſundjie his worthie wozkes, this is recorded of him, that hee pacified certaine greguous ciuile dillentions that arole among the Cittzens of Verona:whereas otherwiſe if by his graue aduile and great diligence, they had not beene Preuented,che matter was likely to breake out in hot broiles of warre. Hee was the firft Agent that the common wealthy of Venice kept in Conſtantinople in the yeere 1 205.quan- do n'era patrona, conli baroni frāceſi. Chis Gentleman had a ſonne named M. Pietro, who was the father of the Duke Rinieri which Duke dying with out iflue, made his beyze M.Andrea,the ſonne af M. Marco his brother. This M. Andrea was captaine generall and Procurator, a man afgreat reputation for many rare partes that were in him. He had a ſonne M. Rinieri, a worthie Senatour and pru- dent Councellour: Dfwhom deſcende M. Pietro Gente rall of the league of the Chriſtians againſt the Turkes, who was called Dragon for that in his armes hee bare a Dragon Hee was father to M, Carlo the famous Procurato2 and Generall againtte the Genowayes in chole Podeſta, 1o Morum bega. thoſe cruel warres, when as almoſt all the chiefe princess of Europe did oppugne and ſeek to ouerthrow our empire and libertie,where by his great valiancie and pzowelle like an other Furius Camillus, be delivered his countrie from the preſent perill it wag in,being readie to become a pay & ſpoyle vnto the enemie, wherefore he was afterwarde ſurs named,che Lion,and foz an eternall remembrance ofhis fozs situde and valiant exploits he gaue tye Lion in his armes. M.Carlo had two brechen, M. Nicolo,the knight & Anto- nio, the father M Dragon of whom illued M. Caterino, the father of M. Pietro, chis M. Pietro had ſonnes M. Cameo terino,that dyed the lalt peere, M.Franciſco, M. Carlo, M. Barciſta,and M.Vincenzo Chat M.Caterino was father to M.Nicolo, that is yet liuing. Now M. Nicolo, the knight, being a man of great courage and very nobly minded, after this foreſaide warre of Genoua,that troubled ſo our predes ceſTours,entred into a wonderfull great deſire and fanſie to ſee the fathions of the world,and to trauaile and to acquaint himſelfe with the manners of ſundry nations x learne their languages, wherby afterwards vpõ occaſions hee might be ang is better able to do ſeruice to his coûtrie purchaſe to hims and to felfe credite & honor. Wutherfoze hee cauſed a ſhippe to bee made hauing furniſhed her at his proper charges (as hee wag very wealthie)hee departed out of our Seas & paſſing the ftraites of Gibralterra, he failed for certaine dayes vpon § Dcean keeping his courſe ftilto ý JNozchwarts, w intent to ſee England and Flaunders. Wüthere being alfaulted in thole Seas by a terrible tempeſt, was ſo tolled for the ſpace of many dayes with the Sea and winde that hee knewe nat where hee was, till at length bee diſcouered lande, and not beeing able any longer to ſuſtaine the violence of the tem- The thip ofce. Pelt the ſhip was caſt away bpon the Iſle of Friſeland. The 2. Zeno caſt as men were faued,and mott part of the goods that were in the way ppon Frik land in anno Ship. And this was in the peere 1380.Che inhabitants 1380. of the Illand came running in great multitudes to weapons to ſet vpon M.Nicolo and his men who beeing ſoze wecher beaten and ouerlaboured at Sea and not knowing in what o suis pas ou ons gedoon CIA din pars The diſcoucric of part of the worloe they were were not able to make any ra fiftaunce at all, much leſte to defende thein felues couragt, oufly,as it behooued them in ſuch dangerous cafe. And they ſhoulde haue beene doubtlefle very diſcourteouſly ens treated and cruelly handeled, if by good hap there had not been hard by the place a Prince with armed people. Wiha vndertanding, that there was euen at that preſent a great ſhip caſt away vpon the Iſland, came running at the noyſe and outcries that they made againſt our peole mariners, Sfratne and dziuing away the inhabitants, ſpake in latine and aſked prince hapning them what they were and from whence they came, and pere to be in Friflão ceiuing ý they were talians, all of one Countrie, he was to armed men. ſurpriſed with marueilous great ioy.. Wherefoze płomni- Guffered dyip. ling thêall,that they ſhoulde receiue no diſcourtele,and that wazack, there they were come into a place where they ſhoulde bee well be came vnto him ſed and very welcome he tooke them into his protection bp. 200 (pake latin. on his faith. Chis was a great Lożd and poffeffed certaint Jlands called Porland lying one the Southſide of Friſland being ý richelt and moſt populous of all thoſe partes, bis Zichmni pzince name was Zichmni:& belide the ſaid little Jlands, he was of Parland of Duke of Soranilying within the land towards Scotland, Buke of Zozmet. Dfcbeſe Hoth partes Ithought good to diaw the copie of a Sea carde, which amongeſt other antiquities, 31 haue in my houſe, which although it be rotten through many yeres: yet it fallech out indifferent well and to thoſe that are des Fighted in theſe things, it may ſerue foz ſome light to the vize dertanding of that, which wichout it cannot ſo eaſily be cork ceiued. zichmni being Loide of thoſe Seignojies(as is faid) was a very warlike and valiant man # aboue al things famous in Sea caufes. And hauing this yeere beforegi, frfland the uen the outerchrowe to the king of Norway, who was Lord king af for ofthe Iſlande, beeing deſirous to wine fame by feates of boeyes. en armes, was come on land with his mēto giue the attēpt, for ' winning of Friſand,which is an Jland much bigger then Ireland. Wherefore ſeeing that M. Nicolo was a mã of fudgement and difcretion and very expert both in Sea mate ters and martiall affaires, yee gauehim commition to goe shoord his nauie with all his men,charging the captaine to Morum bega. honour him and in all things to vſe his counſatte. Mauie of Zichmni was of thirteene velfels, wheroftwo one ły were with oares the reſt ſmall barkes, and one thip, with the which they ſayled to the Wielwardes and with little paines wonne Ledouo and Ilofe and diuers other ſmall 3 landes,and turning into a bay called Sudero, in the hauen of the towne named Sanestol they tooke certaine finall Barks laden with ſaltfith. And heere they founde Zichmni, who camne by land with his armie conquering all the countrie as be went,they faied here but a while but held on their courſe to the watettwards till they came to the other Cape of the goulfe oz bay,then turning againe they found certaine Illes landes and bioken landes which they reduced all vnto the Seignojie and poſſeſſion of Zichmni. Theſe Seas foz as much as they ſayled, were in maner nothing but ſholds and rocks in ſort that if M. Nicolo and the venetian mariners bad not beene their Pilots,the whole Fleete in iudgement ofall that were in it had been caft away,lo linall was ģſkill of Zichmnis men in reſpect of ours, who had been traineb bp in the art and practiſe of nauigation all the dates of their life.Now the Fleete hauing doone ſuch things,(as is declas red) i Captaine by the counſel of M.Nicolo, determined to goe a lande at a towne called Bondendon, to vnderttande whac fuccelle Zichmni had in his warres, where they heard to their great content that he had fought a greatbattaile and put to flight the armie of his enemie:by reaſon of which pics tojie they ſent Emballadours from all partes of the Ilande to peeld the countrie bp into his handcs, taking down their enſeignes in euery towne and caftell: They thought goob to ſtay in that place for his comming, being reported for cers taine that he would bee there very ſhoztly. Athis comming there was great congratulatio and many lignes of gladnes Thewed,as wel for the victorie by lande as for that by Sea, for the which the venetians were honoured & extolled of all men, in ſuch ſort ý there was no talke but of them,and of 6 great balour of M.Nicolo. Udherfore the prince who was a great famourer of baliant men and eſpecially of thoſe that coulog The diſcoueric of could bebatle them felues well at the Sea,cauled M. Nico lo to bee brought before him, and after bauing commended him with many honourable ſpeeches,and prapſed his great induſtrie and defterie of wit, by the which he acknowledged himſelfe to haue receiued an ineſtimable benefite as the fa uing ofhis Fleece and the winning of many places, he made m.Beno, made him Knight, and rewarded his men with many riche and knight by bountifullgiftes : Chen departing from thence they went Zichmni. in triumphing maner towardes Friſeland, the chief Citieof Ø 3|lande, ſituate on the Southeft ſide of the file, within a Ships laden with allh at frile goulf,(as there are very inany in that Jſland). In this goulfe land:fo2 Flaun- oy bay there is ſuch great abundance of fiſh taken, that many ders,Buitaine. thips are laden therewith to ferue Flaunders, Britaine, Eng land, 1202way, land, Scotland, Norway and Denmarke, and by this trade and Denmark. they gather great wealth. But not to bee And thus much is taken out of a letter, that M. Nicolo Ploued thateuer amy came théce. ſent bnto M.Antonio his brother, requeſting him chat hee A letter ſent by woulde ſeeke ſome meanesto come to him. Wherefore matter. A.Zeno hee, who had as great delire to trauaile as his brother, to his bother, bought a Ship,and directing his courſe that way after hee AB. Antonio in Yad ſayled a great while and eſcaped many dangers, yee ars Gentce. rived at lengch in ſafetie with M.Nicolo, who received hiin End of the fire very ioyfully,for that hee was his brother not only in fleſhe and blood, but alſo in valour and good qualities. M. An. tonio remained in Friſelande and dwelt there for the ſpace of fourteene yeeres, foure yeeres with M. Nicolo, and ten peeres alone. Where they came into ſuch grace and fake tour with the Prince that hee made M, Nicolo, Captaine of his Haute, & with great preparation of warre they were ſent footh fo che enterpriſe of Eſtlande, which iyeth vpon che coalte betweene Friſeland and Norway, where they did many dômages, but hearing that the king of Norway was comming towardes them with a great fleet,they departed nö fuch aterrible flaw of wind ý they were dziue vpõ certain fholdes.Where a great part of their ſhips were caſt away.) relt were ſaued byó Grilland a great 3 land but dilhabited 200 andislagt ia gisingia uus teeme mitsulot The Morum bega. Che king of Norway his fleete being taken with the fanie ftojme,did ytterly perifhe in thoſe leas. Whereof Zichmoi hauing notice, by a fhippe of his enemies, that was cali by chaunce vpon Griſland, Hauing repayzed his fleece, and perceyuing him felfe noztyerly neere vnto the flandes, des termined to ſet upon Jtlande, which together with the rett was Cubiect to the king of Norway:But he founde the coun trey ſo well fortified and defended, that his fleete beeing ſo finall and very ill appointed both of weapons and men', hee was gladde to recire. And fo hee left that enterpriſe with. out perfourming any thing at all, and in the fame chanelles be allaulted g other Illes called the Bllands, which are feuen Talas, Broas, Iſcant, Trans, Mimant, Dambcre, & Bres, and hauing (poyled them all,hee built a fozt in Bres, where be left M.Nicolo, wich certaine Imall barkes and men and munition. And nowe thinking he had done well foz this boys age, with thoſe fewe ſhippes which were left hee returned into ffrieſlande,. M.Nicolo remayning nowe in Bres des termined vpon a time to goe fožth and diſcouer lande, wheres foze arming out their ſmall barkes in the moneth of Iuly, he Engroadtarde, fapled to the Nothwardes, and arriued in Engrouelande. Pzcaching Fn- Wihere he founde a monaſtery of Fryers ofthe order of the mas. Predicators, and a Church dedicated to S. Thomas harde by a hill,thae calreth forth fire, like Veſuuius and Etna. There is a fountayne of yot burning water with the whiche they heate the Churche of the monaſterie and the Fryers chambers, it commech alſo into the kitchen ſo bopling hotte, that they vſe no other fire to dzelle their meate, and putting their bread into ballepottes without any water it doeth baks as it were in a hot ouen. They haue allo ſmall gar. dens,couered ouer in the winter time, which being watered with this water are defended from the force of the ſnowe and colde, which in thoſe parts being ſituate farre bnder the pale,is very extreemezand by this meanes they produce flos a notable tette wers and fruites and herbes of fundiefortes, enm as in da ther temperate countreys in their ſeaſons in ſuche ſorte that she rude and lauage people of thoſe partes ſeeing theſe ſus pernatural The diſcoucric of pernaturall effectes doe take thoſe Friers for Gods, and bing them many preſentes as chickens, fleche and diuers do ther thinges,and hate them all in great reuerence as Louds. When the frott and ſnowe is great, they beate their houſes in maner before ſaid, and will by letting in the wacer oj opes ning the windowes,temper the heate and colde at their plea. fure. Jnýbuildings of the monaſtery they ble no other mate ter but that which is miniftred onto them by the fire, for they take che burning tones, that are calt out as it were ſparkles oj ceindres at the firie mouth of thehill, and when they are molt enflamed,calf water vpon them, wherby they are dittol- ted and become ercellêt white lime and fotough that being concrited in building it lafteth fo euer. And the very fpar- kles after the fire is out of them do ſerute in fteede offfones to make walles and vautes: for being once colde they will nea uer diffolue of breakeercept they be cut with ſome irõ toole, and the vauces that are made of them are fo light that they need no fuftentacle or proppe to holde them vp,and they wil endure continually very fayze and whole. By reaſon of theſe great commodities the friers baue inade there ſo many buil: dings and walles, that it is a wonder to ſee. The couerts 02 roofes of their houſes for the moſt part are made in this mas Rer,firſt they rayſe the wallvp to his full height, then they make it enclining of bowing in by litle and litle in forme of a vaute. But they are not greatly troubled with raine ir thoſe partes, for that, by reaſon of the pole or colde climate, the firſt fnowe being faine it thawech no more for the ſpace of nine moneths,for ſo long bureth their winter. They feede of the fleſhe of wilde beattes offily,for where as the warme water fallech into the ſea, there is a large and wide hauen, which by realon of the heate of the water, doeth neuer freeze all the winter, by meanes whereof there is ſucheconcourſe and flocks of ſea foule and ſuch aboundance offithe,that they to take thereof infinite multitudes, whereby they maintavne & great number of people rounde about whiche they keepe in continuale worke, both in building and taking of foules and fibbeand in a thouſande ocher neceffarie affaires and buſines about Morum bega. abdue the monatterie. 9 Cheir houſes are builte about the hill on every fdt, in fourine rounde,and 25. foote broade, and in mounting bp- mardes they goe narower and narower,leauing at the toppe a litle hole, whereat the ayze commeth in, to giue light to the houſe and the floze of the houſe is ſo hot, that being withs in they feele no coide at all. Hither in the ſommer time come Crade in form many barkes from the lands there about, from the Cape mer time from aboue Norway and from Trondon. And bring to the friers Trondon to $. al maner things that may be defired, taking in change there in Ingroactas, of Albe which they drie in the ſunne og in the colde, and ſkins of diuers kindes of bealtes. Foz the which they have wood to burne and timber verie artificially carued, and cožne cloch to make them apparell. For in change of the two forefayde commodities all the nations boudering rounde about them couet to trafficke with them and ſo they without any trauell 07 erpences haue that which they delire. To this monafterie reſort Friers of Norway, of Suecia and of other countreys Refort of flere but the moſt part are of the Iſlandes. Chere are continually from Polwar een in that part many barkes, whiche are kept in there by reaſon Sueden, to the monatterit in of the ſea being frozen, wayting for the ſeaſon of the yeere to Ingrouriande diffolue the Ice. The filhers boates are madelike bnto a we- callco S. Th. gers fhuttle, taking the ſkins offiſhes,they falhiõ thein with the bones of the ſame fiſhes,and lowing thê together in ma, 1903 ny doubles they make them ſo ſure and ſubſtanciall, that it is Cote miraculous to ſee, how in tentpelts they will ſhut thēſelues clore within and let the ſea and winde carrie thein,they care not whether, without any feare eyther of breaking oy dow- ning. And if they chance to be dfiuen bpõ any rocks, they rea inaine founde, without the leaſt bzule in the worlde: And they haue as it were allegue in the bottome which is tied falt ing middle, & when there cometh any water into their boat, they put it into the one halfe of ý fleette,ché faltning j ende of it ih i od two peeces of wood and laoſing y band benzach they conuey the water foth of the boate and this they doe as often as they have occation without any perill oſ impediment at all. poreouer the water of the monaſterie being of ſulphuriaus The diſcouerie of a briinitone nature is conueyed into the lodginges of the principall friers by certaine veſſels of balle, tinne oz ttone fo hotte that itheatech the place as it were a ftowe,not carry ing with it any ffinke oz other noylome ſmell. Belides this they haue another conueyance to bring hot water with a wall vnder the ground toche ende it ſhould is not freeſe, vnto the middle of the court, where it falleth in monsif to a great beſtel of balle,that ttandeth in the middle of a boya Iing fountayne,and this is to heate their water to drinke and to water their gardens, and thus they haue from the hill the greateſt commodities that may be wilhed, and ſo theſe fry, ers employ all their trauaile and ſtudie for the moſt part in grimming their garding and in making fatre and beawtifull buildings and eſpecially handſome and commodious, ney- ther are they deftitute of ingenious and painefull artificers for the purpoſe, foz they giue very large payment, and to them that bring them fruites and ſeedes they are very bouns 3tifull and giue they care not what. So that there is great reſort of workemen and mattters in djuers faculties, by reas ſon of the good gaines and large allowance that is there. In the monaltas The moſt of them ſpeake the Latin tongue, and eſpecially cit S. Thomas the firperiours and principalis of the monatferie. And this most of them is as nruche as is knowen of Engrouelande, which is all by Speake the larin the relation of M. Nicolo, who makech alſo particular de and of the two fcription of a riuer,that he diſcovered, as is to be ſeene in Hester. the carde that I drewe. And in the ende M. Nicolo not be ing bled and acquainted with theſe cruell coldes, fell ficke, and alitle while after returned into Friſlande, where he dy. ed. He left behinde him in Venice two tonnes, M. Giouanni and M.Toma, who had two ſonnes M. Nicolo, the father of the famous Cardinal Zeno,and M.Pietro of whom deſcens ded the other Zenos,that are liuing at this day. R.jmo died in How M. Nicolo being dead, M. Apronio ſucceeded him boch Frilande. in his goods and in his dignities & honour, and albeit he ats tempted diuers wayes and made greate ſupplication hee coulde netter obtaine licence to returne into his Countrey. For Zichmni had determined to make jim felfe Loide of She Morumbegaad che fears Whercforevſing alwayes the counfatle and fer- uice of M, Antonio, hee fenthym with ſome ſmallbarkes to the Wettwardes, for that towardes thoſe partes ſome of his filhermen had diſcouered certaine Flandes verpe rich and populous, whiche diſcouerie, M. Antonio in a letter to his brother M. Carlo, recountech froin point to point in sy 19 Q this manner, tauing that wee haue chaunged ſome olde woodes , leauing the matter entire as it was de semanal Sire and twentie peeres agoe there departed foure Filher boates, the whiche a mightie tempeftariling, were seth from the 3 letter begins tolled for the ſpace of manye dayes verye deſperately vpon fecond brother the Sea, when at length the tempefte cealiyng and the M. Antonio ont weather waring fapje they diſcouered an Ilande called Er of Frillante, to bis other bros totilande, lying to the Wellwardes aboue 1ooo, piles cher in Cenice from Friſlande, vpon the whiche one of the boates was named ve Sec Calle awaye,and fire men that were in it were taken of the Eaptilaud. inhabitauntes and brought vnts a verye fayze and populous 6. ffither mens Citie, where the kyng of the place ſent for manye in, takeu. terpreters, but there was none coulde bee founde that uns derſtoode the language of the filhermen , ercepte one that fpake Latin, who was alſo caſt by chaunce upon the ſaine F: Filhermen of lande, who in the behalfe of the kyng aſked them what Frilande iyake Countreymen they were , and fo underſtanding theyzu caſe , rehearſed it vnto the King, who wilied that they into fhoulde tatrie in the Countrey , wherefore they obeyinge his cominaundeincnt for that they coulde not otherwiſe dol, soweite fiue peeres in the glande , and learned the lan- veeres in Elite guage, and one of thein was in diuers partes of the lande, tilande. and reportedly that it is a verye riche Countrey, abounding Dreof the ffte with all the commodities of the woulde, and that it is little ets of J tiffario letle than Jflande , but farre moje fruiteſuil, hauing in repczteth of E. the middle thereof a verye byghe mountajne, from the flotilante. whiche there rtſeth foure Riuers, that paſſe throughe the sidabounding whole Countreydessomas Bit with al tte com Che inhabitantes are very wittic people, and haue all moditic of the, the artes and faculties as wee haue : and it is credible that wozide in time palf they haue bad trafficke with our men, fo2 he faide Sire were so The diſcouerie of fåppe that he fawe latin bookes in the Kings library,whiche they at this preſent doe not vnderttande, they haue a peculio ar language and letters of caracters to them ſelues. They koondance of Haue inines of all manner ofmettals, but eſpecially they golde. abounde with golde. They haue their trade in Engroueland trade from eſto- from whence they bringſkins and brimſtone and pitch: And siland,to En groveland - he faith that to v ſouci wards, there is a great populous cott- Ikins, bụimſtone trey bery rich of gold. They fowe cojne and make bere op and pitche. ale, which is a kind of drinke that the noth people doe vſe as Gold.coine, and bere, ale. we do wine. They haue mightie great woods,they make Many cities their buildings wich wals, and there are many cities & catis and caſtles. els. They build ſmal burkes and haueſayling,but they haue not the lodettone no know not the vſe of the cöpalle, Wiher's foje tieſe fichers were had in great eſtimatio, inſomuch that the king ſent thein with 1 2. barkes to the ſouthwardes to a A countrey cat: countrey whiche they call Drogio: but in their voyage they 10 Dario. had ſuche countrary weather, that they thought all to haue periſhed in the ſea,bitt yet eſcaping that cruell death they fel into another more crucl. For they were také in the countrep and the inoft parte of them eaten by the Sauage people, which feede vpon maus flethe,as the ſweetett meate in their étrdgementes that is. The 6. liigermé But that fiſher with his fellowes fhewyng them the mas offrilland only ner of taking fiihe with nettes, faued their littes and woulde faued by them goe euery day a fiſhing to the ſea and in freſh riuers, and take ing the maner to take fiſhe. great aboundance of filh and giue it to the chiefe men of the The chiefett of countrey, whereby hee got himſelfeſo great fatour, that hee the 6.ffhers, was very well beloued and honoured of euery one. fpecified before The fame of this man being ſpred abżoad in the cottatrey, bis cöpanions there was a Lojde thereby that was verie defirous to haue him with him, and to ſee howehee bred his miraculous arte of catching fithe , in ſo muche that he inade warre with the ather Lorde, with whom hee was before, and in the ende Pietayling, fo that hee was moje mightie and a better war- Fa the ſpace of rlour, the filherman was ſent unto him with the rett of his 13.perts in company. And for the ſpace of thirteene yeeres that hee Drogte dwelt in thoſe partes, he faith, that he was ſent in this order to Morumbega. ent'te fo može than 25. Loïdes, foz they had continuall warre & moze then mongelt them ſelues, this Loude with that Lold and be with 25.ložds, which an other,onely to haue him to dwell with them ſo that wan= continually was red among & THE dring vp and downe the Countrey without any certayne as felues fo, the bode in one place,bee knewe almoſt all thoſe partes. He ſaith fame fifhermano that it is a very great countrey and as it were a newe world, thepeople very rude and voyde of all goodneſe, they goe all naked ſo that they are miſerablie vered with colde, neycher haue they the wit to couer their bodies w bealtsſkins, they take in buntinge,chey haue no kind of metal, they liue by lū- ting, theycarie certain lances of wood,made ſharp ac g point, they haue bowes, cheftringes whereofare made of beattes (kinnes : They are a very fierce people, they make cruell warres one with another, and eate one an other they haue gouernours and certayne lawes verye diuers amongek them ſelues. But the farther to the South weſtwardes, the more ciuility there is, the apze being ſomewhat temperat, ſo that there they haue Cities and temples to Idolls, wheres in they facrifice men and afterwardes eate them, they baue there ſome knowledge and uſe of gold and ſiluer. 120we this filher hauing dwelt ſo many yeeres in thoſe countreys, purpoſed if it were pollible to returne hoine ins to his countrey,but his companions diſpayzing euer to ſee it agayne, let hiin goein Gods name, they kept them feltres, where they were. Wiherefore bee bidding them farewel, fledde through the woods towardes Drogio, and was beriematon so wellreceiued of the Lode that dwelt next to that place whole that knewe hiin and was a great enemie of the other Loide, and Co running from one Lorde to an other, being thoſe by who bee had paſſed before , after long time and many trauelles yeresiran he came at length to Drogio where hee dwelt three yeeres, gio. When as by good fortune he heard by ý inhabitants, there were certaine boates arriued upon ý coalf, wherfoze entring into good hope to accöplith his intent, he went to ý fea lide athere by Happ alking the of what countrey they were they anſwered of Ef- arriu: D certains totiland whereat he was efceeding glad,and requeſted that boates from E. endis od do ong 32 D.2 913 other The diſcoverie of tilande. The beeæene into they woulde take him into them, whiche they did verye wilt men tha: ariuea lingly, and foz chat heehad the language of the Countrep ac diogeo in the and there was none of tijem coulde ſpeake it they bled him boatesof Efa. for their interpreter. afrerwardshee and after that hee frequented that trade with them, in frequ nted that ſuch foute that hee became verye riche and ſo furniſhing out trade with them a barke of his owne hee returned into Friflande, where hee En cuch lozt,that made reporte unto this Lorde of that welthie Countrep. rich. And ſo fut. And hee is throughly credited becauſe of the mariners, wlo niſhed a bark of appzooue many ftrange thinges, that hee repozteth to bee his owne tres true. Talherefore this one is refolued to ſende me fooltis Tande where hee with a fleetetowardes chofe partes, and there are ſo manye reported the ſta chat Delire to goe in the voyage for the noueltie and tirange: ry to his Lolde nelle of the thing that I thinke we ſhall be very firongly ap- Zichumíminted Pointed, without any publike expence at all. And this is the to lenu Ch. Hit- tenor of the letter before mentioned whith 3 haue hecte fet tonto 3eno. with downe to gite intelligence of an other voyage, that M. An a fleece towarts thoſe partes of tonio made being ſet out with many Barkes and men, nots Eftotilande. withitanding hee was not captaine as hee had thought at end of 3 letter. the firtt hee thoulde, for Zichmni went in his owne perſon: e concerning this matter J hatte a letter in forme as folow- bes sinneth feb 3. eth. Dur great preparation for the voyag of Eftotiland, was Antonio inftil- begun in an vniuckte houre, for three dayes before our des land, to his ulo. Parture the fiſherman died that ſhoulde haue been our guid: ther Caria in notwichttanding this Loude woulde not gitte ouer the enters Che fitherman prize, but in ſteade of the fiſherman tooke cercayne Wharri- dead that fauld ners that returned out of the 3|lande with him and to mas þaue bin guid & king ournautgjation to the Wettwards, we diſcouered cer- Certaine mara tayne Jlandes ſubiect to Friſlande , and hauing paſſed cers tiners taken in tayne thelues we ftayed at Ledouo for the ſpace of 7, dapes his ſteede which to refrethe our Telues, and furnith the fleete with neceſſarie came with kim prouifion.Departing from hence we arrived the firt of Jus Tulp Ile Ilofe. ly at the Iſle of Ilofe and for that the winde made for us, wee 10 ftayed not there,but palled fo2th,& being bpon the maine fea, and at there aroſe immediatly a cruell tempelt wherewith for eight dayes ſpace wee were miſerably vered, not knowing Un where wee were and a great part of the Barkes were Morum bega. were caft away, afterwarde waping faire wether we gache: red up the broken peeces of the Barkes that were left, and not fapling with a proſperous winde wee diſcouered lande at Wiett. Wiherefore keeping our courſe directly vpon it, zichmníbistiti wee arritted in a very good and ſafe harborougy,where wee Diſcouery of the Mland Jcaria. ſawe an infinite companie of people readie in armes, come running very furiouſly to the water fide, as it were for de- Infinit numbo fence of the Ilande . Wherefore Zichimni catiſing his of people in men to make lignes of peace vnto them, they ſent tenne men armes, vnto us that coulde ſpeake tenne languages, but wee coulde buderifande none of thein,except one that was of Iſland. We An Iliand man in Icaria. being brought before our Prince and aſked, what was the name of the Iſland,and what people inhabited it, and who gotterned it,anſwered, that the land was called Icaria, and Jcaria Flande. that all the kinges that hadraigned there, were called Icari, all the kings g after the name of the firſt king of that place, which as they that lláu were ſay was the ſonne of Dedalus king of Scotland, who con called J/cart af quering that Jland, left his ſonnethere for king and left thê ter the name of the firſt king cf. thoſe lawesthat they retaine to this preſent, and after this,be place : which deliring to ſayle further in a great tempelf that aroſe, was they ſay was the drowned, wherefore for a memoriall of his death, they call lonne of Ded&a thoſe Seas yet the Icarian Sea and the kings of the land lus king of Icari,and fothat they were contented with that ſtate, which I carius dipura god had giuéthem,neither whold they alter one iote of their ned, tawes and cuſtoines, they would not receiue any ftraunger, carian Sea. wherefore they requeſted our Prince, that her woulde not feeke ta violatz their lawes, which they had receiued from that king of mothie meinojis and obſerued bery duły to that preſent: Which if hee did attempt,it woulde redounde to his mantfelt deltruction, they being all reſolutely bent racher to leaue their life than to looſe in any reſpect the ble of their Iawes, Motwithſtanding that wee ſhould not thinke they did altogether refuſe the conuerſation and trafficke wich other men,tley tolde bs for concluſion that they lvould wil- lingly receiue one of our men, and preferre hiin to be one Che people of caria de Arous ofy chiefe amongeſt them, only to learnie my language the of the Ftalian Italian tongue and to bee enformed of our maners and cut- tongue. ftomes, The diſcouery of tomes, as they had alreadie receiued thoſe other tenne of bauing in that tenne lindjie nations, that caine vnto their Jland. To theſe Si ten fundze things our Prince anſwered nothing at ali,but cauling big gations. men to ſeeke ſome good harborough, hee made lignes as though he would coine on land,and ſayling round about the Zlaad, hee eſpied at length a harborough on the Eaft ſide of the Flande, where he put in with all his fleet, the mariners wao went on land to take inwood and water, which they did with as great ſpeede as they coulde, doubting leaſt they thoulde be alliuited by the inhabitants as it fell out in deed, fo, thoſe that dwelt there abouts, making lignes vnto the other with fire and ſmoke,put them ſelues preſently in arines and the other comming to them they came al running downe to the Sea lide vpon our men, with bowes and arrowes and other weapons,tijat inany were flaine and diuers foże wounded, And we made ſignes of peace into them, but it was to no Burpole, for their rage encreaſed moje andmoze, as though they had fought for life aerd liuing. Wherefore wee were forced to depart and to ſayle along in a great circuite about the Jland, being alwaies accompanied vpon the hil tops and Infinite multi, the Sea coalt with an infinite multitude of armed men, and tube of armed ſo doubling the Cape of the Jland towardes the Noëth, wee men in Icaria. found many great tholdes among the which foz the ſpace of ten daies we were in continual danger of looling our whoit Fleete, but that it pleaſed God all that while to ſend bs very faire weather. Watherefore proceeding on till we came to Eaft cape, we ſawe the inhabitaunts ſtill on the hill tops by the Sea coati keepe with us, and in making great outs cries & fhooting atøs a farre of they vttered their oldefpice full affection towards vs. Wherefore we determined to tay in ſome ſafe harborough,and ſee if we intyyt ſpeak once ågaine with the Iflander, but our determination was frus ftrate for the people more like bnto bealtes than men, ftoob continually in armes w intent to beat ösbacke,if we thouis come on lande. Wherefoże Zichmoi ſeeing hee couldg not prevaile and thought if bee ſhoulde haue perfeuered and followed Morum bega. followed obftinately his purpoſe their victuals would haue failed them hee departed with a faire winde and failed lite Zichmnt Depar ted from cart Dapes to the ameſtwards, but the winde chaunging to the Westwards. Southwelt and the Sea waping rough wee fayled 4.dayes with the wind in the powpe and at length diſcouering land, Sight of land, wee were afraide to approch neere vato it, being the Sea growen,and we not knowing wyat lande it was, but God prouided for us, that the winde cealing there came a greate calme. Wiherefore ſome of our companie rowing to land with oares,returned and brought us word to onir great coms forte,thatchey had found a very good Countrie and a better yarborough,vpon which newes wee towed our ſhips & final Barkes to land,and being entred into the harborough, wee ſawe a farre of a great mountaine,ộ cait fožth finoke, which graue vs good hope that we ſhoulde finde ſome inhabitantes in Iſland, neither would Zichmnireft,although it were a great way of, but ſend a 100. good ſouldiers to ſearch the 100.good ſoul Countrie and bring report what people they were that inha: biers ſent by Ztchmnito bited it,and in the meane tune they tooke in wood ft water ſearch the courte for the prouiſion of the Fleete, and catcht great ftoje of filhe trie(which and Bea foule and founde ſuch abundance of birdes egges countrie is noc nained.) that our men that were halfe fainiſhed, were filled withall, Wihiles we were riding here,began the moneth of June, at Fune. The apre sots. which time the apže in the land was ſo temperate and pleds perate & Iweete, fant ag is impoſible to expuelle, but when we coulde ſee no as impoflible ta people at all, wee ſuſpected greatly that this pleaſant place erpretiett. was deſolate and difhabited. Wiee gaue name to the hauen hauen Triin. calling it Trim and the point that ſtretched out into y ſea wee called Capo di Trim, The 100, ſouldiers that were Capo di Trin. fent footh, eight dayes after returned, and brought wozde The 100, loul- that they had been through the Illande and at the mountaine which haù been and that the finoke was a naturall thing proceeding from a through the 3. great fire that was in the bottome of the hill, and that there landsrepeat inae a ſpring from which illited,a certaine matter like pitch, what they falas . which ran into the Sea, and that there aboutes dwelt greate multitudes of people halfwilde hiding thëſelues in caries of goian anistano sa 0D4 to the The diſcovery of the grounde, of ſmalt ffature and very fearefull, foz as ſoone in as chey ſawe them they fled into their holes, and that there was a great riuer and a very good harborough. Zichimni bzing thus enfazmed, and ſeeing that it had a hollome and calitate pure aye,and a very fruitefull ſople and fayze rfuers with lindjie other cominodities,fell into ſuch liking of the place, that hee determined to inhabite it, and build there a Cttie. But his people being weary and faint with their long and tevious trauaile began to tumult and murmure ſaying that they woulde returne into their Countrie, foz that the winter was at hand, and if they entred into the harborough, they ſhould not be able to come out againe before the neft Som: Zichmni deter. Iner. Therefore bee retaining only the Barkes with mining to re: Dares and ſuch as were willing to ſtay with him, fent all mainz in the the reſt with the ſhippes backe againe, and willed that 31, laud, kept with (though vnwilling) ſhould bee their Captaine. I there him his bartes foze departing, Cayled for the ſpace of twentie dayes to the with oares, and Edwards without light of any land,then turning inycourſe willing & fent towardes Southeaſt in fiue dayes I diſcouered lange and the reč away founde my ſelfe vpon the Jle of Neoine and knowing the homewards: Countrie, 31 perceited 3 was palt Iſlande: wherefore tas Antonia Zeno king in ſome feelh victuals of the inhabitants being fubiece chiefe captaine to z chmni , 3 Tayled with a faire winde in three dayes to of them Friſland, where the people, who thought they had loſt their Antonio jeito had lightot 196. Prince, becauſe of his long abſence in this our voyage, re ome,and knelse ceiues bs very ioyfully, bimícife par Wihat followed after this letter I know not but by cons Onde of the 4 tecture, which 31 gather out of a peece of an other lettet, which I will ſet downe heere underneath : That Zichmoi A pecce of a s. builte a towne in the podt of the Jiand chatbee diſcouered, letter, doidut and that hee ſearched the Countrie very diligently and diſs deras couered it all, and alſo the riuers on both fides of Engroue- land, fo thac Tee it particularly defcribed in the Seacard, but the diſcourſe of narration is loữ. Che beginning of Begiming of theletter is thus, the letter. Concerning thoſe things that you des fire to knowe of mee,as of the men and their inanners and cuttomes, of the beatles and the Countries adioyning, 3 baus Thad. Yetter. Mosum bega. batte mave thereof a particular booke, which by Boos helye 3 will bring with mee: Wherein 3 haue deſcribed the couns trie,the monſtrous filhes, cuſtomes and lawes of Friſland, Mand, Eſtland,the kingdome of Norway, Eltotiland, Dro. gio,and in the ende the life of matter Nicolo, the knight our bļother, with the diſcouerie which he made and of Gro- Jand. 3 haue alſo wzitten the life and acts of Zichmni, a Prince as worthie of immożtall memory, as any that euer lived for his great valiancie and ſinguler humanitie, wheres in 3 haue deſcribed the diſcouerie of Engroueland on bech fides, and the Citie that hee builded. Therefoże 3 will ſpeake no further hereof in this letter,hoping to be with yout very ſhortly, and to ſatiſite you in ſundzie other thinges by worde of mouth. All theſe letters were written by malter Antonio to matter Carlo his brother. And it greeueih me, that the booke and diuers other writinges concerning theſe purpoſes,are miſerably loſt: F07 3| beeing but a child, when they came to my handes,and not knowing what they were, (as the manner of children is)) toze them,and rent them in peeces, which now I cannot call to remembrance but to my greef. 2otwithſtanding that the memory of ſo many good thinges ſhoulde not beeloft : whatſoeuer I could get of this matter, 3 haue diſpoſed and put in ozder in the former dik courſe, to the ende that this age might bee partly ſatiſfis ed, to ý which wee are more beholden for the great diſcoure ries made in thoſe partes,then to any other of the tine patt, beeing molt ftudious of the relations of the diſcoveries of frange Countries, made by the great inindes, and indultry of our attacetours. This diſcourſe was colle&ed by Ramsafio Secretaric to the fate of Venice, (or by the Printer Tho. Gi. unti.) lohn Baptifta Ramufio,died in Padova in Iuly,1857 នាយ ចយ ប ប ចំដី 1 2 ផងដែនបាន និងសុខគេ ៤០ នាទី -old bustuottyawiona brist bent នេះគឺជា បាត់បង, បើន។ ០៨ សង០០០ យប់។ Bircadis in anys de les បាន មុនរាល ជន ០៨ ទង ជនជាផ្លូវការ បានចប់ រង de ortusulite godt sth out stay dhaici ad cogitations anos! ឬ ១០០ ០០បរបរ • ជប៉ុន 3rd monatensis att ge 32dded on in នយូរប៉ុន ជប់ (ធំរប់ 32" data វិញ របង Cool CuO CUTECO proti ១០ យប់ ជារ, * បងរបស់ នាងខ្ញុំ បាន tylsini « The true and laſt diſccuerie of Flo- tida made by Capcaine Iohn Ribault in the yeere 1562.Dedicated to a great noble man of Fraunce, and tranſlated into Engliſhe by one Thomas Hackit, Here as in the peere of our ||Loide God 1 5 6 2. it pleaſed God to moue your honour, to chooſe and appoint us, to dilo couer and view a certaine long coaft of the Wett India, from the head of the lande called Las florida, drawing towarde the 202th part, vnto the head of Britons, diftant from the faide head of Laflorida 900 leagues,0, there about to the ends wee might certifte you make true report of the temperas ture, fertilitie, Portes, Hauens, Riuets, and generally of all the commodities that bee feene and found in chat lande, and allo to learne what people were there dwelling, whtch thing you baue long time agoe deſired,beeing tirred therevnto by this zeale: Chat Fraunce Inight one day through newe diſcouertes haue knowledge ofbrange Countries, and alſo thereof to receiue(by meanes of continuall trafficke ) riche and ineſtimable commodities, as other nations haue done by taking in hand ſuch farre nauigations, both to the honoy and powes of their kings and princes, #allo to the encreaſe of great profite andvle to their common wealthes,councries dominions, which is moſt of allwout cõparilö to be conſider red e efteemned. It ſeemeth wellö yeehaute been ſtirred herce unta etiën of God aboue, #led to it by the hope et deüre you baue that a number of butithe people and ignorant of Jeſus Chziſte, may by his grace coine to foine knowledge of his holy Lawes and Dudinaunces. So therefoze it feee meth that it hath plealed God by his godly prouidence to teſerug The diſcoucry no referae the care which bee hath had of thetr ſaluation until this time, and will bring them to our faith, at the time by htmſelfe alone foreſeene and oldeined. ffoz if it were neede full colhewe lowe many fromtime to time haue gone about to finde out this great lande,and to inhabite there : who nes hercheletie haue alwates failed & beene put by from their in- tention and purpoſe: fome by feare of ſhipwjackes , and foine by great windes and tempeſtes that droue them backe to their merueilaus griefe. Ofthe which there was one Statian a berp famous ſtranger named Sebaſtian Babota an ercels abota, lent Pylot fent thither by king Henry,the yeere 1498. and nrany others, who neuer could attaine to any habitacion noz cake poteffion thereofane only foote of grounde, noz yet ap. proche o enter into theſe parties and faire riuers into the which God hach bžaught vs. Wherefore(my Love) it may bee well ſaide that the liuing God hach reſerued this great lande for your pooze feruantes and fubtectes,as well to the ende they might bee made great outer this poore people, tude nation : as alſo to approue the former affection which our kings haue had vnto this diſcouerie. For late king Frances the firtt(of happie memnozie) a Prince endued with excellent vertues. The yeere 1524.lent a famous and notable man a Florentine, named 1oba Eterarza, qalter John Werarzan, to ſearch and diſcouer the Welt parts as farre as might be : Who departing from Deepe with two beffels little differing from the making and burs den of theſe two pinnaces of the kinges, which your honour hath ordeined foz this preſent nauigation. In the which land they haue found the elruation the Pole,an viii.degrees. The Countrie(as he woziteth goodly,fruitfull, and ſo good tem, peracure, that it is not pollible to haue a better : beeing then as yet of nomā ſeen,noj diſcerned, But they being not able to bring to paſſe at this firft voyage that which be bad intens ded, noz to arriue in any Port,by reafon of fundzie incõuenis ences (which cõmõly happe) were cõltrained to return into #raunce: Where after his arriuali,beneuer cealed to make Addisfuice of Terra Florida. faite until he was ſent thither againe, wherë atlafi hedied. The which occaſion gauc finall courage to fende thither as gayne, and was the cauſe that this laudable enterpriſe was left of,vrtill the yeere 1534.at which time his 99 atettie,(dge firing alwayes to enlarge bis kingdome, countreys and dos minions and the aduauncing and eaſe of his ſubiectes) fent chicher a Pilote of S.Qallowes, a biton, named James Carcier, well feene in the art and knowledge of Nauigatt: James Cartier on,& efpecially of the noztb parts,commonly called the new land,led by ſome hope to find pallage that waies to the ſouth ſeas : Who being not able at hts firtt going to bring any thing to palfe,that he pzetéded to do:was ſent thither againe the yeere following, and likewiſe Le fire Hemerall, and as it is well knowen they did inhabite and builde, and plant the kings armies in the 31207th parta good way in the lande, as farre as Tauadu and Ochiſaon. Wiherefože(my Lord) truſt tuftly that a thing ſo commendable and worthie to bee with good courage attempted, that God woulde guid and keepe bg,deliring alwayes to fulfill your commaundement, When wee had done your bulineffe, and made our preparat tions the cviii.day of ffebzuarie 1562 through the fauour of God wee departed with our two veffels out of the hauen of Claue de Grace into the road Caur:and the nert day boytted up faile(the winde being in / Eaſt)which latted ſo fiue daies, that we coulde not arrive at the nauch that is from betweene the coatt of Briton and Englande and the Iſles of Surlinog and Wiſkam: So that the Wlinde blowing with great fit: ry and tempeft out of the weſt,and wwelt Souchwelt, altos gether contrary to our way and courſe,and all that we coulo doe was to none effecte, beſides the great daunger of byex- king of our Maſtes , as alſo to be hindered in our other las bours. Wlherefore as well to fhonne many other inconuents ences, which might follow to the prebudice and bżeach of our voyage,bauing regard alſo to the likely daunger of death, fome of our gentlemen and ſouldiers being traubled with feuers and whot fickneſſes, might haue fallen into : as alſo logo fo: 63 The diſcoucric faz acher contideracions,wee thought good to fall into the road of Bett in Britaine,to ſet there our fick folke on land, and ſuffer the tempelf to paſte. From whence (after wee bad taried there two dayes) wee returned againe to Seas warde to followe our nauigation, ſo that (my Lorde) albeit the winde was foz a long ſeaſon very much againt vs, and troubleſome : yet at the ende (God giuing vs through his grace and accuſtomed goodneſle a meetely fauourable winde) I determined with all diligence to proue a newe courſe which hath not beene yet attempted: trauerling the Seas of Occion 1800. Leagues at the lealt, whiche in need is the true and ſhort courſe that hereafter mult be kept, to the honour of our nation,reiecting the old conferued opie on which to long time hath beene holden as true. Which is, as it was thought a thing impoffible to hatte the winde at Eatt, joitheaft,and keepe the race and courſe wee enterpriſed, but that we ſhoulde be dziuen towarde the region of Affrica,che les of Canaria, madera, and other landes there aboutes. And the carfe why webaue beene the moje prouoked and aſſured to take this new race, bath bunbes cauſe that it ſeemed to euery one that we might not palle nor goe in this Hauigation without the light and touching of the Antillies and Lucaries,and there fotourne and take freſh waters and other neceſlaries, as the Spaniards doe in their voyage to new ſpaine:wherof(thankedbe. God)we haue had no neede, noz entered the chanell of Roham: which bach bin thought impoſible. Foreſeeing alſo that it was not expedient for us to pale through the Flandes,as welto fhune many ins conueniences that might happen in pallingchat way (wherof [pringeth nothing but innumerable quarrels,pleadings, cõe fuſions and breach of al wozthy enterpriſes,and goodly nauce gations, whereofenfueth complaintes and odious queſtions betweene the ſubiectes of the king and his friends and alies) as alſo to the ende they might underſtand that in the time to come Bod hauing Chewed us ſuch graces, as thefehis won- verfull benefites Firlte thewed to the poore people of this ſo goodly of Terra Florida: goodly newe Framing people, of ſo gentle a nature, and a countrey ſo pleaſant and fruitefull , lacking nothing at all that may feeine neceſſarie for mans food) we would not haue to doe with their 3)landesand other landes: Which (for that they firſt diſcouered them) they keepe with much ieloule : truſting that if God will ſuffer the king (through your per- ſwation ) to cauſe ſome part of this incomparabie countrep to be peopled and inhabited with ſuch a number of his podje fubiectes as you ſhall thinke good, there neuer happened in the memory ofınan ſogreat and good cominoditie to France as this, and (my Lojde for many cauſes, whereof a man is neuer able to ſay or write to the ful,as vnder che aſſured hope that we haue alwayes had in executing vprightly that which 3 had receiued in charge of you), God woulde bieffe our wayes and nauigations. After we had conſtantly and with diligence in time conuenient determined vpon the way, wee ſhoulde hauethought itneyCome and tedious to all our com- panie, 'ifit had before bin knowē vnto any without tourning o wauering to or frofrom their firſt ententiö, And notwiths ftanding that ſatan did often whathe could to ſowe many obs tractes, troubles and lettes, accožding to his acuttomed ſub: tilties, ſo it is come to palle , that God by his onely goodnes hath given bs grace to make the furtheft arte and trauars of the ſeas, that euer was made in our memorie of knowledge, ir longitude from the Eaſt to the Wielt:and therefore was it commonly fayde both in Fraunce and Spaine, and alſo as mong vs that it was impoſible for bs fafely to ariue thither, whicher the Loyddio conduct vg:Al which perſwaded but of igozaunce and lacke of attempting:which wee baue not bin afrayde to giue aduenture to procue, Albeit that all mga ríuers Cartes doe ſet the Coattes with thipwjackes with out portes of Riuers: which wee hatte found otherwiſe as it followeth. Thurſday the lait of Apzill at the breaké ofthe day, wer diſcouered and clearely perceyucd a fayze Coaft,frets chyng of a great length cougred with an infinite nungber of Station til dret mod high The diſcoucrie high end fayze trees, wee being not patt 7.028.leagues from the ſhoze, the country ſeeming vnto vs plaine without anye fbewe ofhils,and appzoching neerer within foure oz fuelede gues of the land, we calf an ancker at ten fabome water, the bottome of the Seabeing plaine with muche Dcias and fall holde on the South fide,as farre as a certaine point of Tape Lituate vnder that Latitude of nine and twentie degrees and a halfe, which we haue named Cape Francois. Xee coulde eſpie neither Riuer nos Bay, wherefoje wee ſent our Boates furniſhed with men af erperience, to founde and know the coaſt neere the ſhore: who returning to vs about one of the clock at after noone,declared that they had founde among other thinges viit.Fadome of water at the barde bancke of the fea. Wherevpon hauing diligently wayed by our Anckers,and hoytted bp our ſaples with wind at will, we ſayled and vewed the coatt all along with vnſpeae ble pleaſure, of the odozous (mell and brawtie of the fame. And becauſe there appeared bnto bs no ligne of any porte, about the ſetting of the ſunne we calt ancker againe: which done, we did behold to and fro the goodiy order of the woods wherewith God hach decked euery way the ſapd land. Then perceiuing towarde the 1207th a leaping and a breaking of the water,as a ffreaine falling out of the lande into the sea. For the whiche wee fet op fayles againe to double the ſame While it was yet day. And as wee had ſo done, and paſſed be pona it: there appeared vnto vs a fayze entrie of a faireriuer which cauſed vs to catt Ancker agayne there nerer che land: to the end the next day we might ſee what it was and though that the winde blew foz a time vehemently to the ſhoreward: yet the hold and Anckerrage was ſo good, that one cable and one Ancker belde vs faft, with out danger of liliding. The next day in the morning, being the firft of May, wee alayed to enter this porte, with two newe barges and a boate well trimmed, finding little water barges whiche might baue attonied and cauſed bs to returne backe to Chips borde,if God had not ſpeedily brought yg in. Wibere finde ing 36.fadome water, entred into a goodly and great rtuer, which of Terra Florida which as we went foundt to encreaſe fill in depth & larges nelle,boyling and roazing through the multitude of all kind offilh. This being entred wee percetued a great number of Indians inhabitants there,comming along the ſandes e Sea bankes,comming neare vnto vs, without any taking of feare oy doubt,fhewing vnco vs the ealet landing place: thereupon wegluing them allo on our parts thanks of afe ſurance and friendlineſſe. Fožthwith one of appearance,out of the beſt among them, brother bnto one of their kinges, 02 gouernours,commaunded one of the Indians to enter into the water and to approch our boates to fhew vs the coattes landing place. Wie ſeeing this without any moze doubting of difficultie)landed,and the meſſenger(after we had rewars ded him with foine looking glaſe and other pretie things of ſmall value Jran incontinently toward his Lozd:Who forth with ſentmee his girdle, in token of aſſuraunce and friende fhip, which girdle was made of red leather, as well couered and coloured as was poſſible and as 3) began to gotowards him hee ſet foozch and came and receiued me gently and rets ſed after his maner all his men following with great filence and modeſtie : yea moje chen our men did. And after we had a while with gentlevſage congratulated with him: we fell to the grounde a litle way from thein,to call vpon the name of God, and to beſeechhim to cötinue ttill his goodnelle tos wards vs,and bring to the knowledge of our ſauiour Chittatiles this pooje people. While wee were thus praying (they fit: lahenda ting bpon the grounde, which was ſtrawed and dzelled with Bay bowes)beheide and hearkened vnto vs, very attentiues ly without either ſpeking of mouing: and as 3 made a ligne vnto their king,lifting bp mine arme,and firetching foorty one finger ,only to make them looke vp to heauen ward:He likewiſe lifting vp his arme towards heauen put footh two fingers:whereby it ſeemed that he made us to vnderſtande, that they worſhipped the Sunne and ý moone for Godsing afterwardes wee vnderſtoode it fo In the meane time their numbers increaſed, chither came the kings brother, that was firft wich vs their mother, wiues, filters and chile bzen, The diſcoucrie duen,and being thus aſſembled, they cauſed a great number of Bay boughes to bee cut, and therewith a place to be diel ſed foz vs,diftant from theirs two fadem. For it is cheir mas ner to talke and bargaine Ütting: and the chiefe of them to bee apart from the meaner ſort, with a fhewe of great obe- dience to their kinges, ſuperiours,and elders. They bee all naked,and of a goodly ftature, migytie, & as well ſhapen Propoztioned of body,as any people in ý world: very gentle, curteous, and of a good nature. Tentos ol Cha molt part of them couer their raines and priuitics with fatre Harts(kinnes, painted matt commonly with ſun- Drie colours: and the fore part of their body and armes, vee painted with precie deuiled workes, of Azure, red, and blackie, fa well and to properly as the beſt Painter of Eu: rope coulie nat amende tt. The women haue their boa dies painted with a certaine Herbe like vnto molle, wherea of the Cedar trees and all other trees bee alwayes couercd. Chemin for pleaſure doe alwayes trimme them felues therwith,after ſundrie falhions: Chey bee of tauny colour, hattke noftd,and of a pleaſant countenance. The women be well fauoured and will not ſuffer one diſhoneſtly to approch too neare them. But wee were not in their houſes for we (awe nonz at that time. After we had taried in this j207th ſide of the riuer che anthy the riuer mot part of the day(which riuer wee haue called May, for of May was co that was diſcouered the ſaine the firtte day of the Moneth) Eallco. wee congratulated, made aliaunce, and entred into amia tie with them,and preſented the king and his brethren with Gownes of ble we cloth garniſhed with yellowe Flourede- luces. And it ſeemed that they were fozy for our departure: To that the moſt parc of them entred into the water bp to the necke,to let our boates a flote, tai 151 Putting intovs fundyy kinde of fiſhes, which with mer. usilous fpeede theyranne to cake in their packs,inate in the water with great Reetes, ſo well and cunningly ſet togea- ther after the faſhion of a Laberinth,oz goaze, with lo many of Terra Florida turnes ated crookes as it is impoſible to do it without much cunning and induſtrie. 3 But deliring to imploy the rett of the day on the other fide of this riter,to viewe and know thoſe Indians that wee ſawe there. We trauerſed thither, and without any difft cultie landed anongelt them, who receiued vs very gently and with great humanitie : putting vs of their fruites,euen into our boates, Quiberies, Ralpis, and ſuch other fruites as they founde ready by the way. Soone after this came thither the king with his brethren, and others with bowes and arrowes in their yandes, vling therewithall a goodly and a graue faſhion, with their beha- itiour rigýt ſouldierlike and as warlike boldnes as may be. They were naked and painted as the other, their haire likes wife long and truſted vp(with a lace made ofherbes) to the top of their heads:but they had neither their wines no chils dren in their companie. After we had a good while louingly enterteined and preſenter thein with like gifts of haberlher wares,cutting hookes and hatchets, and clothed the king his brethren with like robes,as we had given to them on the other ſide: we entred and viewed the countrie thereaboutes, which is the fairelt,fruttiallex,pleaſanteſt of alche worid, abounding infor:y, veniſon, wilde foule, foreſts, woods of all fortes, Palme trzeg, Cyprelfe and Cedars, Bayes ý high- elt and greatelt, with alſo the fayzett vines in all the world, with grapes according, witch without natural art and withs adalad slona but inäns helpeor trimming will grow to toppes of Dkes, nunti avis.sk , aio dcher trees that be ofa wonderfull greatnelle er height. suced se and And the light of the faire medowes is a pleaſure not able to be efpreſled with tongue: full of Hernes, Curlues, Bitters, kallards,&grepths, woodcocks, y all other kinde of ſmall birost with barts, Hindes, Buckes,wilde Swine, and all other kindes of wildebealfes, as we perceiued well both by their footing there, and alſo afterwardes in other places, by their crie and roaring in the night star onu da Alſo there be Contes e Hares:Silke womes in meriteis lous number a great deale fairex and better then be our filk worines, ob The diſcoueric bormes. To bee thozt,it is a thing bnſpeakeable to confider che thinges that bee ſeene there and thalbe founde moje and more in this incomperable lande, which neuer yet bżoken with plough yzons bringech forth al things accoïding to his firft nacure, wherewith the eternall God indued it. As bout their houſes they labour and till the grounde, fowing their fieldes with a graine called Qahis, whereof they make their ineale: and in their Gardens they plant beanes, gourdes,cucumbers, Citrons, peacon,and many other fruits and rootes vnknowen into bs. Their fpades and mats tocks be made of Wood, ſo well and fitly as is poſſible: which they make with certaine ftones,oytter fhelles & muſs čles,wherewith alſo they make their bowes and ſmal laun. ces: and cut & polith all ſortes of wood, that they imploye a- bout their buildings,and neceſſarie vſe: Chere groweth ale ſo many Walnut trees, Hafell trees,Cheritrees,very faire and great. Andgenerally wee haue ſeene, thereof the ſame timples and herbes that wee haue in Fraunce,and of the like goods nelle, Catour and taſte. The people be very good archers, and of great ſtrength : Cheir bowe ffringes are made of Leather and their arrowes of Reedes which they doe head with the teeth of filhes.As we now demaunded of them cons cerning g land called Seuola whereof fome haue written not to bee farre from thence, and to bee lcuate within the Scuola within lande,and toward the Sea called the South Sea. They ex.dates travai. theweb bs by ügnes that which we vnderſtood well enough, king by boate that they might goethither with their Boates(by riuers) in of the gay. twentie dayes. They thac haute written of this kingdome and towne of Seuola, and other townes and kingdomes thereaboutes,ſay, that there is great aboundance of golde and filuer,precious ttones and other great riches # and that the people had their arrowes headed (in ſteede of yżon) with fharpe poi nted Turquelles. Thus the night appzo. ching, it was conuenient foz vs to returne by day afhip, boorde. Wlee tooke leatie of them muche to their griefe, but moje to ours without compariſon, for that wee bad of Terra Florida. had no meane to enter the riuers with our ſhippe. And al. beit , it was not their cuſtome eyther to eate or drinke from the Sunne riling till his going downe : yet the king open- ly woulde needes drinke with vs praying bsverie gentiy to giue him the cuppe whereout we had djunke: and ſo making him to vnderſtande that wee woulde fee him againe the next time up day, we retired to our ſhippes, which lay aboue fixe leagues antinien from the hauen to the ſea, The next day in the mozning we returned to land againe, accompanied with the Captaines, Gentlemen, and Houldi: ers,and other of our ſmall trope: cariyng with bs a pillour 02 columne of harde ftone,our kings armes graued therein, to plant and ſet the ſame in the enterie of the Porte in fome 10 senet high place, where it might bee eaſely ſeene,and being come chither before the Indians were allembled, we eſpied on the ſouch fyde of the Riuer a place very fitte for that purpoſe, vp- on a litlehill, compalled with Cypres, Bayes, Paulmes and other trees, with ſweete ſmelling and pleaſant ſhiubbes. In the middle whereof we planted the firt bound or limit ofhis maieftie. This donz perceiuing our firſt Indians allem bled, not without ſome miliking of thoſe on the South parte, where we had ſet the limitte, who taried for vs in the ſame place where they met with bs the day before, ſeeming vnto us that there is foine enimitie betweene them and the others. But when they perceyued our long tarying on this lide, thep ran to ſee what we had done in that place where we landed firſt, and had ſet our tímitte:witch they bewed a great while without touching itany way,oz aballing,oz euer fpea= king to bs cherof at any time after. Howebeit we couldſkát depart but as it were w griefe ofminde frõ this our frff allie ance, they rowing vnta vs all along the riuer from all parts and preſenting us with ſome of their harts(kins, painted and bnpainted meale,litle cakes, frethe water, tootes like unto Rinbabe which they haue in greateftimation and make thets ofa pocion of medicine : alſo they brought title bagges of redde colours and ſome finall ſpices like vnto Wire, percey- uing F 3 The diſcoueric 10 tiug anang them feltres fayze thinges painted as it had bin with graine of ſcarlet, fhowing vnto vs by lignes that they had in the lande golde and filuer and copper : whereof wee Goto,filuer,and hauebrought ſome. Alfo lead like vnto ours which we ſhews copper in Flogis da. ED. Alſo turqueiles and great aboundance of pearles whiche Eurquelles and as they declared unto us they tooke out of oyſters, whereof abondance of there is taken euer along the riuer fide, t among the reedes, pearlcs. marthes. and in the marihes : and ſo merueylous aboundance as is ſkant credible: and we haue perceitted that there be as many and as faire pearles found there as itt any countrey of the woulde Foz wze fawe aman of theirs as we entered into our boates,that had a pearle hanging at a coller of golde and Peatles as big filter about his necke,as great as an Acorne at ý leatt. This es acoines, man as he had taken flhe in one of their filhing packs there- by brought that faine to our boates,and our men percetuing the greatneſſe therof, one of them putting big finger toward it,the man diewe backe, and woulde no more come neare the boate: not for any feare that he had that they woulde haute tas km his Coller # Pearle from him foz he would baue giuen it them, for a looking glaſſeo, a knife ren ad seen But that hee dottoteo left they woulde haute pulled him in to the boate, co by force haute caried him away. He was one of the goodlielf men of all the company. But for that we had na leaſure to tary any longer with them, the day being well palled, whiche greeted vs, for the commoditie and greatri- ches, whicheas wee vnderſtaode and ſawe might bee gotten tigere, deliring alſo to employ therett of the day with our ſe conbo aliance the Jüdians on the fourth lide, as we perceiuer then the day before, which ffilt taried looking for us : Wec palled the ritter to their fhove, where as wee founde them tar riyng fož vs,quietly and in good older, with newe paintings upon their face, and feathers upon their heads:the King with his Bawe and Arrowes lying by hiut, fate on the grounde ftrated with boughes betweene his two brethren, whiche were goodly men and well ſhapen and of a wonderfullihom of actinities, bauing bpon their heades, one haire truſled bpe of Terra Florida, vpught of heyght, of ſome kinde of wild beaſt gathered and wrought together with great cunning, wethed and fafted after the forme of a Diadenie. Dne of them had hanging - 209103 bout his nacke a rounde plate ofredde copper well polis thed with onz other letter of Siluer in the middeft of it, et at his eare a litle plate of Copper where with they vſe to itripe the ſweat from their bodies. They thewed us that there was greatſtoje of this mettell within the countrey, about fiue 07 life dates iourney from thence,both in the ſouthlide north- fide of the ſame riuers, and that they went thither in their 130ates. Wihich Boates they make but of one piece of a cree, woorking it whole lo cunningly and featly, that they puc in one of theſe boates fifteene oz twentie perſons and go their wayes very ſafely. They that rowe ſtande vpright has uing their ozes ſhort after the faſhion of a peele.Thus being among them they preſented vs wich meale dzelled # baked, very good t wel tatted, and of good nouriſhmēt, alſo beanes, and filh, as crabbes, lobttars,creuiles, and many other kinde of good filljes, thewing vs by lignes ý their dwellings were farre off, and if their prouifion had been neere Hände, they woulde haue preſented vs with manye other refreſh- inges. SUOSI! 900 4151 SORE 2151 The night nowe approching,we were faine to returne to otti hippe very much to our griefe: far chat wee durite hot hasarde to enter Wtch our Shippe j by reaſon of a barre af lande, that was at the enterie of the porte, howe be it, at a full Sea there is two fadome and a halfe of water at the lealt,and it is but a leape ouer a ſurge to pallz this Barre, not palling the length oftwo cables, and chen farthwich ea uzrywhere within fire or leuen fadome water. So that it makith a very fayze hatten and Shippes of ameane burden from foureſcore to a hundred tunnes may enter therein at all floodes, yea of a farre greater burthen, if there were French men dwelling there that might (koure the enterpe as they doe im fraunce : foy there is nothing tacking for the lyfe ofman, Che fituation is under the cientation ofrrr. begrzes, a good climate healthfull , and of a good $ 4 The diſcoucrie temperature, merueilous plealāt, ý people good, # of a good and amiable nature, which willingly will obay: yea be cone Sentlenes mult beples towards tent to ſerue thoſe that ſhall with gentlenes and humanitie them. goe about to allure them as it is needful for thoſe that be ſent thither hereafter fo to doe, and as 3/ haue charged thoſe that be left there to do to the ende they may aſke and learne of thē where they take their gold,copper, and turquelles,and other thinges yet vnknowen vntovs: by reaſon of the time we ſo tourned there. For if any rude oz rigorous meanes ſhould be vſed towards this people, they woulde flie hither and thither through the woods and foreits, and abandon their havitas tions and countreys. C. The next day being the thirde day of May,deſiring al- waies to finde out harbours to reft in, we ſet bp ſaile againe: And after we had raunged the coaſt as neere the thoje as we could,there appeared vato vs about ſeuen leagues of on this lide of ý riuer of pay a great opening 02 Bay of ſome riuer, whither with one of our boates we rowed, et there found one entrie almoſt like ý of the riuer of May, and within the ſame as great a depth, and as large a diuiding itſelfe into many great ttreames, great and broade itretchinges towardes che high lande, with many other lele, that diuide the coun, trey into faire and great landes and great number of ſmall and fayze Wedowes. Being entred into them about three leagues, wee found in a place very cominodious, Grong,and pleaſant of lituation certayne Indians, who received vs vea ry gently: Howe be it, we being ſomewhat neare their you ſes, it ſeemed it was ſomewhat againſt their good willes that we went thither, for at their cries and noples they made their wiues and children and holhoulde ſtuffe to be caried into the Woods: Howebe it they ſuffered vs to goe into their youts ſes, but they themſelues woulde not accompany vs chicher. Their houſes bee made of #Tood ficly and cloſe, ſet vprighe and couered with Reedes: the moi part of them after the fa. Thion of a pauilion. But there was one houſe amonget the rett verie long and broade, with ſettles rounde aboutmade tenisa Porrò coon 2 of of Terra Florida. of Reedestrimly couched together, which ferue them both for beddes and ſeates, they be of height two foote from the grounde, ſet vpon great rounde pillers painted with red, yes lowe,and blewe,well and trimlie poliſhed: ſome ſorte ofthis 2000 people perceiuing that we had in nomaner wife hurted their dwellings nor gardens whiche they dreſſed very diligently, they returned all vnto vs before our inbarking ſeeming very well contented by their giving vnto vs water, fruites, and Wart (kinnes. It is a place wonderfull fertill, and of ftrong ſituatiõ, the ground fat,ſo that it is likely that it would bring forth Wheate and all other corne twiſe a yeere, and the come Great fertilitet modities for livelihood and the hope of może riches, bçelike vnto thoſe we found and conūdered vpon the riuer of May, without comming into the ſea : this arme doth diuide, and maketh many other Iles of way, as alſo many other great glandes: by the which weetrauell from one Iſlande to anos ther, betweene lande and land. And it ſeemeth that men may Pote. ſayle without danger through al the countrey, and neuer ene ter into the great ſea, which were a wonderfull aduantage. • This is the lande of Checere whereof ſome haue written, & which many baue gone about to find out,foz great riches they perceiued by Coine Indians to be founde there. It is tet ynder ſo good a climate that none of our men ( though weg were there in the hotelt time of the yeere, the funne entring med den into Cancer) were troubled with any ſicknelles. The people there live long and in great health and ſtrength ſo that the & Cony 330. geb mengoe withottt ftates, and are able to goe and runnt like the youngelt of them, who onely are knowen to be oldt by the wrinckles in their face, and decay of fight. Wee des parted from them verie friendly, # with their contentation, But the night ougrtaking us, we were conftragned to lye in our ſhips all that night, till it was day, floting vpon this ris uer which we haue called Sene, berauſe that the entery of Che riuserot itis as broade as from bauer degrače vuito Honefleue At Sens. the bżeake of the day wee eſpied out of the South (yde one of the fayzelts pleaCauntett; and greatett nichowe grounde sido umaloin in to 0.93 that The diſcouery To chat might bee feene, irito the which wee went finding at the very entrie a long,faire,and great Lake, and an innumera - Heardes of ble number of footelteps of great Wartes and Hindes of a targe hartes.. wonderfull greatneſſe, thefteppes beeing all frelh and new, and it ſeemeth tiyac che people doe nouriſhe them like tame Cattell in great hearos:foz we ſaw the teppes of an Indian that folowed them. Idrisa ootade att The Chanell and depth of this riuer of Seyne is one fide of tije medowe that is in the 3|le of gay. Being retur. azo to otu fhips, we ſayledoo knowe moje and more of this hind coalt,goping as neeve the shore as we coulde. And as wee had ſayled about life oz leuen leagues, there appeared unto us another Bay,where we calt anker,and tarrying ſo all the night in the inozning wee went thicher, and finding (by our founding at the entrie many bankes andbeatings, we durft not enter there wich our great thip,hauing named the river .3906 Somme which is 8.9.10, 11, fadome depih,diuiding itſelfe inco many great Iſlands,and ſmall goodly medow grounds and paſtures, and euery wliere fitch abundance of fiſh as is incredible and on the Wealt Hochwelt lide,there is a great riuer chat cometh frõ the countrie of a great length ouer : and another on the Joztheatt lide, which returne into the Sea. So that (my Lodit is a countrie full of hauens, ri- Good hattens ters and I lands,of ſuch fruitfulnes as cannot with tongue and riuers. be expreſſed: and where in ſhort time great and precious cóc modities inight bee found. And belides this wee diſcouered 7.Wreat & good fiuta and found alſo vit.rivers inozejas great and as good,cutting and diuiding the land into faire and great Jlands. The In- dians ingabitants there be like in manners, the countrie in fevtillitie aptand coininodisus throughout to beare e bëing foorth pentifully aldthat men would plant oz fobe vponit. There bee ettevy where the higyelt and greatelt Firtreeg the Ø can be ſeene;very well fimelling, and whereotit might bee 13e gathered/with cuccing the only bark as much Rofen, Turs pentiue, $cákēferice,as Inen would delite. And to be thert there fackech nothing wtherefoże being not able to enter lie with our great veftels there, we coulo make no long abie • ding. of Terra Florida. ding, no enter ſo farre into the rivers and countries as weg would faine haue done: for it is well knowne how many ins conueniences haue happened vnto men,not only in attemps ting of newe diſcoueries, but alſo in all places by leauing their great belſels in the Sea,farre from the land, bnfurni. fhed oftheheads and belt meu. As for ý ocher riuers we haut giuen them names as followeth : and into the flandes loy- ning vnto them, the ſame name that the next riuer vnto it hach as you ſhall ſee by the portratures of Cardes ý I haue made thereof . As to the fourth naine of Loire, to y Gift Chars Maps end Sex Carbes nzt,to ý litt Carõ to the 7 riuer Belle,to ý 8.riuer Graūde, to the 9.port Royall,and to the tenth Bele Uirrir. Upon Ulihitſunday the prvii.day of moxy,after wee had percetted and conlidered that there was no remedie, but to allay to find the meanes to barber our thips,as wel to amend and crimme them,as to get us freſh water, wood, and other neceflaries, whereof wee hauing opinion that there was no fayrer og fitter place for the purpoſe, then port Royall. And.no when wee had founded the entrie and the Chanell (thanked Port royalla be Bod) wee entered ſafely therein with our ſhippes, as moft ercellent banten. gainlt the opinion of many, finding the ſame one of the faya relt and greatelt Hauens of the worlde. Howe be it, it mit be remembed leaữ men approcking Aote. neare it within feuenleagues of the lande, bee abafhev and as fraide on the Catfide,drawing towarde the Southeaſt, the grounde to be latte, for neuertheleffe at a full ſea, there is es uery where foure fadome water,keeping the right Chanel. 1 3/n this part there are many rivers of meane bignetle and large, where without daunger the greateſt lippes of the worlde might bee harboured, which wee founde, no Jn= dian inhabiting there aboutes. The porte and Riuers fide is neerer then tenne op ewekte leages vpwardes into the countreys, although it bee one of the goodlieſt, belt, and fruitefullett countreys that euer was ſeene , and where no. thing lacketh , and alſo where as good and likely coma modities bee faunde as it other places thereby. 56 su Fo'wee founde there a great number of Pepertrees, Pepper tutto the The diſcouery che pepper yet greene,and not ready to bee gathered: Alla the beſt water of the world,and ſo many ſortes of fiſhes that pee may take them without net oz angle ſo many as ye will. Alſo an innumerable ſort of wilde foule af all ſortes,and in liccle Jlandes at the entrie of this bauen,on the Eat Northa eaſt ſide, there is ſo great number of Egrepes that the buſs ſhes bee all white and couered with them, ſo that one may take of the young ones with his hande as many as yee will carry away. Therebee alſo a number of other foules, as Þernes,Bitters, Curlues. And to bee ſhort, there is ſomas ny ſmall byżdes that it is a ftrange thing to bee feene. Wiee founde the Indians there może doubtfull and fearefull then the others before:Yet after we had been in their houſes,and congregated with them,and ſhewed curtelie to thoſe that we founde to haue abandoned there through boats meale, victus all and finall houſholde ftuffe,and both in not taking awaye of touching any part thereof, and in leauing in that place where they dreſſed their meate, Kniues, Looking glaties, Sipostal note, little Beades of glalle,which chey laut and eſteeme about proistrator golde and pearles, forto hang them at their eares and neck, and to giue them to their wiues and children they were ſomewhat emboldened. For ſome of them came to our boates, of the which wet carried two goodly and ſtrong aboo de our ſhippes,clothing and vling thein as gently as it was pollible. But they ceaſed not day nog nyght to lament, and at length they efcaped as way. Wiherefore albeit, I was willing ( according to your commauudement and memoziall ) to bring away ſome of commande them with vs,on the Princes behalfe and yours, 31 forbare to doe ſo for many conliderations and reaſons that they told mee and for that we were in doubt that(leauing ſome of our men there to mhabite )all the Countrie, men, women, and children,woulde not haute cealed to purſue them for to baue theirs againe : ſeeing they bee not able to conlider and way to what engent wee ſhoulde haue carried them away: # this may bee better doone to their contentation, when they baue menor better acquaintance of us,and know that there is no fuche crueltie of Terra Florida. erueltle in vs,as in other people and nations, of whom they hauebzene beguiled bnder colour of good faith: whiche dos ing in the ende turned to the doers no good. This is the ris uer of Joudain in mine opinion, whereof ſo much hath beene Che riter of (pokē,which is very faire & the coûtrie good, both for y eatie Iordanº habitation, and alſo for many other things, which ſhould bee long to write. Thetwentie of way wee planted another columne oz pilloz grauen with the kinges armes on the South lide, in a high place of the entrie of a great riuer, which wee called Libourne: where there is a lake of freſh water bery good, and on the ſame lide a little lower towards the entrie of the Hauen is one of the fayzelt fountaines that a man may dink of, which falleth by violence down to the riuer from an high place out of a red and fandy ground, and yet for all that fruitefull and of good apze,where it ſhoulde feeme that the Sindians haue had ſome faire habitation. There we ſawe the fayzelt & the greateſt vines with grapes Erceeding fafee accoying and young trees, and ſmal woods, very wel ſmel and great vines ling, that euer were feen:wherby it appeareth to be the pleas fanteft & mok cominodious dwelling of alý world. Wheres foje (my Lojde)truſting you will not thinke it amille(conlis dering the commodities that may be bjought thence ) if we leaue a number of men there, which may foztifie and prouide Fortification them felues of things neceſſary : for in all new diſcoueries molt neceffarie it is the chiefeft thing that may be done at the beginning to in alt newe die fortific and peoplethe countrey. I had not få ſoone ſet forth coueries. this to our companie, but many of them affraid to tary there, pet with ſuch a good will andioly corage,thatſuch a number. did thus offer themſelues,as we had much to do to itay their importunitie. Tussaud Hised watching and do Ano namelyofotr fhipmaiſters and principall pilotes, 30. tefte behind and fuch as we could not ſpare. How bee it, wee lefte there at their olone buttothe number ofthirtie in all, Gentlemen,ſouldiers and fuíte marriners,and that at their own ſuit and paper,and oftheir owne free willes,and by the aduice and deliberation of the Genclemen fent on the behalfe of the Prince and yours. 211632 The diſcoueric And haue left unto the forehead and rulers (following therein your good will ) Captaine Albert de la Pierria, a ſpuldier of long experience, and the firſt that from the begin- bo matite ning did offer to tarry. And further by theyzaduice, chopfe They fortified and will.inſkaled and fortified them in an Jland on the north in an Ilanu: fide, a place of ſtrong lituation and commomodious, vpon a riter which wee named Chenonceau,and the habitation and Fogtrelle Charleface. Algout va er ulio After we had inltructed and duly adimonifhed them of that they thouide doe (as well for their maner of proceeding, as for the good and louing behauiour of them) the ri.day of the moneth of June latt patt, we departed from port Royal:min- ding yet to range and view the coaſt vntill the pl. degrees of Fortie degeces the eleuation. But foz as much as there came vpon bs trott of cleuation. bleſome and cloudie weather, very incommodious for our purpoſe and confidering alſo amongft many other thinges, that we had ſpent our cables and furniture thereof, which is latynonyo the moſt principall thing that longeth to them that go to diſa BURI TRIQ couter countreys, where continually both night and day they mult lie at ancker : allo our victualls beeing periſhed and (pulce, our lacke of Boateſwaines to ſet forth our rowe bare ges and leaue our velfelg furniſhed. The declaration made vnto vs of our Pilots and ſome others that had before been at ſome ofthoſe places, where we purpoſebtoſayle,and haue froitoso been already found by ſome of the kings ſubiects, the daun- tai ger alſo and inconueniences that might thereofhappen vnto apides e fags üg: by reaſon of the great myftes and fogges wherof the tben tbey come. ſeală was already come, wepercetued very well wheras we were, j we could do no good, that it was to late, t ý good & ft ſeaſon for ta vndertake this thing already paft. Altheſt thinges thus well conſidered and waped, and alſo for that we thought it meet and neceffarie that your honour ſhould with diligencebe aduertiſed (through the help of God) to returne o homewards to make relatið vnto you of the effect of our assa tigation. Praying God that it may pleafehim to keepe you ta long health,andpzofperitie. du i det helt and a og nooit dito molto lose FINIS, yo Notes in writing beſides more priuie by mouth that were giuen by a Gentleman, Amo.1980.10 M. Arthure Pette and to M.Charles lacke msan, ſent by the marchants of the Muſcouie companie for the a diſcauerit of the northeaſt ftrayte, not altogether unfitta for ſome other enterpriſes of difconerie, hereaf. quota pulloster to bee taken in hande. is cault What refpe& of ilandes is to be had, and why. 39 ilgtasca TA DITA Hereas the Portingales haue in their courſe to their Indies in the Southeaſt, certaine portes and fortificatiös to thug into by the way, to diuers great purpos fes: Soyou are to fee what Flanos, and what portes you had neede to haue by the wayur your courſe to the pouleatt. for which cauſe 3 with you to entdet into confideratitit of the matter, & to note all the landg,&to let them downe in prat,to two endes, that is to ſay,That weentay deutle to take the benefite by thein, And alſo foreſee how by the the Sauages or citill Pinces, may tre any ſort anoy us in our purpoſed trade that way. * And for that the peopleto the which wee purpoſe in this voyage to gde,be no Chitrians, it weve good that the malle of our commodities were alwayes in our owne diſpoſition, and not at the will of others. Therefore it were good that we did ſeeke out ſoine finall Jland in the Scithian Sea, where we mightplant, Fortifie; * Staple ſafely, frõ whēce ( as time ſhoulde Terue) wee mighe feede thore heather nations with our cominodities without cloying them, oz without venturing our hole matte in the bowels of their countrey. donio muda dan nog ។ And to whiche Ilade ifneede Were (and if we Choulde thinke ſo good we might allürethe Noztheaſt nauie, the nas uie of Cambalu to reſort with their commodities to vs there planted and trapling there. And if ſuch ar Fland might be found ſo ſtanding as Inight lijoiten our courſe, and ſo ftanding,as that the Nauie of Cão balu,oz other thoſe parties might cõueniently faile vnto más out their diflike in reſpect of diffáce:thë would it fal out wel. forfo,beſides lelle daūger,and more ſafetie,our ſhips might there unlade and lade againe and returne the felfefame fom mer to the požts of England oy of JQ02way. And if ſuch an Illand may be found for the ſtabling of our commodities to the which they of Cambalu would not faile, yet we might hauing ſhippes there, imploy them in palling betweene Cambalu and chat ttapling place. ist si sunt bingoeroe di ang in Reſpe& of hauens and barbarowes. 120 if no ſuch glandes may be found in the Scithia lex toward the firme of Ala, then are you to ſearch out the ports that be about #oua Sembla all along the tract ofthat land,te the end you may winter there the firſt yeere,if you be lec by contrarie winds, to the ende that if wee may in thort time come vnto Cabalu, & unlade and ſet (atle againe for rec turne without venteriug, there at Cābalu, that you may on your way come as farre in returne as a polt about Nouaſēs bla: That the Sommer following you may the fooner be in England for the może ſpeedy bentof your Ealt cômodities, and for the ſpeedier diſcharge of your mariners: if you can not goe forward and backe in oneſelfe ſame ſommer.no And touching the tract of the land of Jotta ſembla, tos ward the Eaſt out of the circle Artick in the moje temperate zone, you areto haue regarı, for if you finde the ſoyle pian- ted with people it is like g incime an ample vět of our warm wollē clothes may be founde. And iftherebe no people at al there to be found, then you fall ſpecially note what plentie ofwhales, & of other filh is to be found there to the end wee may turne our newfoto land fiſhing or land filhing,02 oux whalefilling, ý way for the apde & cõfort of our new trades to the Aoichealf, to the coafts of Alla. Sur(eu o aradt Refpc& offilhe and certayne other thingesa 70 And if the ayre may be found bpon that tract temperate, che ſople yeelding wood, water, land and graſle, and the feas fiſh, then we may plant on that mayne the offals of our people as the portingals doe in Balil, ſo they may in our fithing in our patage,& diuers wayes yeelde commoditie to England by harbouring and vitelling of vs. look And it may bee, that the inland there may peelde maltes, pitch,tarre,hempe, and all thinges for the Nauie, as plentie fully as faftland doch. Sredo The Ilandes to be noted with their commodities JOE day and wantes.usdaas wantessoldi D note the J\lands, whecher they be hie lande oz lowe land, moûtanie,02 flat,landy,grauelly,clay,chalchy, oz of what ſoyle,woeddy or not wooddy;with ſprings e ritters or not, and what wyld bealts they haue in the ſame. And whether there ſeeme to be in the ſame apt matter to build withall,as ſtone free of rough,and ſtone to make lime withall, and wood of coale to burne the ſame withall. Tonote the goodnes of the badnes of the hauens, e har- bojowes in the Illandes.com Ta If a Araite be founde what is to bec done and what greate importance it may bee of you go A Ndif there be aftrayte in the paſſage into the Scithian Seas, the ſame is ſpecially and with great regard to bet Noted, eſpecially if the ſame ſtraite be narrow and to be kept, 3 ſay it is to be noted as a thing that doech much importe, for what Pince foeuer ſhall be Loide of the ſame, and ſhall polletle the fame, as the king of Denmarke doch poffefte the (traite of Denmarke, he onely ſhall haue the trade out of cheſe regions into the 320 cheat partes of the world for bima felfe,and for his priuate profit, or for his ſubiectes only,o to eniop wonderfull benefite of che toll of the ſame , like as the king of Dēmarke doth enioy of his ſtraites, by ſuffering the Werchances of other princes to paſſe that way. If any ſuch traite be found the eleuation,che hie ozlowe lanue , the ha- 2 UERS uens neere, the fength of the traites, all other fuch circits fkaunces are to be fet downe for many purpoſes: And all the Mariners in ý voyage are to be ſwoine to keepe cloſe al ſuch thinges, that other Princes preuent vs not of the ſame, after our returne upon the diſcloſing of the mariners, ifany fuche thing ſhould happe. 2012 Which way the Sauage may be made able to purchaſe our cloth and other their wantes. F you finde any Iſland oy mayne lande populous and that the ſame people hath neede of cloth: Then are you to des uiſe what commodities they haue to purchaſe the fame mithall. galo gitsuntecontan co gimionouns Ifthey be poore,then are you to conñder of the foyle and how by any pollibilitie the ſame may be made to enrich thē, thathereafter they may have ſomthing to purchaſe the cloth michall. 01 SHOU, 103092' rol aladiatowe Ifyot enter into any mayne by poztableries and thall finde any great Ivodds, you are to note what kynd of timber they be of: That we may know whether they are for pitche, tarre,maltes, deleborde,clapbojde,07 for buylding of thips of houſes, foz ſo if the people haue na vſe of them they mayebe bżought perhaps.to vlera sigadisyogai Not to venture the lofſe of any one man. Dumuk haue great care to preferue your people, tince your number is ſo linall, and not to venture any one man in any wiſe. 30 and 19:15 To bring home beſides marchandize certaine trifles. Ring home with yott (if you may) from Cambalu, 02 03 Other ciuill place,one or other poung man,although you leaue one for him. Alſo the fruites of the countries, if they willnot of théleluesit bure, drie them and fopreſerue them. And bying with you the Curnelles ofperes, e apples,ano the fones of ſuchſtone fruites as you ſhall finde there. 3 Y allo the feedeg of all frangeherbes and flowes, for fitch feedes offruites and bearbes comming from another part of the world and ſo farre off, wil delite the fancie of me ny,foz the Grangenes and foz that the ſame may groweans continue the delite long time. arietenia do 971120 Ifyou arriue at Cambalu o, Quinſay,to bring thence the Mappe of that Countrey, for to thall you haue the perfecte deſcription which is to great purpoſe.nl To bring thence ſome old painted booke, to ſee whether chey haue bad print there before it was deuiled in Europe as Come write. bordo mtoto wetits coa bisa doja To note their force by ſea and by lande. Ifyou arrive in Cambalu ol. Quinlay, ro take a ſpeciall viewe of their inauie, and to note the fozce, greatnelle, maner of building of them, the fayles, the tackels, the anckers, the furniture of them, with o dinauncearmour, and munition. Allo,to note the force of the walles and bulwarkes of their cities, their ordinaunce, and whether they haue any caliuers, and what powder and fiot, Tonete what armour chey haue. Whatſwodes, What pikes;halbertes and billes, Wathat holes of fozce, and what light horſes they hatte, And ſo throughout, to note the force of the countrey, lboth by fea and by lande, 13 Things to be marked to make conie&urcs by, To Dealer handle their buildings, and of the oznam mnents of their houſes within, Takea fpectall note of their apparell and furniture, ofthe ſubſtance that the ſaine is made of, of which a marchanc may make a gente, as well of their commodities as alſo of their wantes. To note their fhoppes and warehouſes and wich what 3 commo: co on tanel Commodities they abounde,the price alfo. JediCo ſee their ſhambles, and to viewe all ſuch thinges as are brought into the markets, foz ſo you ſhall ſone ſee the cominodities and the maner of the people of the inlandé,ana ſo giue a getle of many things. Conoce thetr fieldes of grayne, and their trees of fruite, and howe they abounde oz not abounde in one and other and what plentie of ſcarcetie of filht they baue. a slood one to sto sam od Thinges to be carried with you, whereof more or leffe isto be caricd for a ſhowe of our commodities to bec made, mlad bna nad Ostan Erlies of all orient coulours, fpecially of famel,brodea cloth of orient colours allo. Friſadoes, motleys, biittowe frices, ſpaniſh blankettes, bayes of all collours, ſpecially with ttamell, wolteds, like rels,tayes, wedmoles,flanelles,ralhe, #f. Feltes ofdiuers colours. Taffeta yats. Deepe cappes for mariners coloured in tfamell, wheres ofifample vent may be found, it woulde turne co an infinite commoditie of the commonpoole people by knitting. Quilted Cappes of leuant Taffeta of diuers colours, for the night. Rnit ſtockes offiſke of orient colours. Knit tlockes of Jerſey yerne, of orient colours, whereof if ainple vent might followe the pooje maltitude ſhouise be ſet in worke. Stocks of kerſey ofdiuers colours for men and for wos JOS men. Garters of Silke of feuerall kindes, and of colours Ditters, of Maon Girdels of Buffe, and allocher leather, with gilt and bns gilt Buckles, ſpecially watt girdels, watt girdies of vglueto Glaues of all fortes, knit and of leather. 3 Gloues perfumed. 2 3Points , Poyntes of all fojtes of Gilke,chzeed, and lether, of all mixa ner of colours. Shones of (panifhe leather, of diuers colours, of bitere lengthes,cut and vncut. Shooes of other leather. dasyatid myselou o JE Weluet thooes and pantoples.metrom Theſe ſhooes and pantoples to be feat this time, ras ther for a howe then foy any other cauſe. Purſes knit, and of leather. 2 bosco sd do ei anda mer Night cappes kuic and others se sida oiledagogo A Garniſhe of Pewter, for a fhowe of a bent of that exte glilhe commoditie, Bottelles, flagons, ſpoones, cofthac mecali. Glades ofengliche making.gida no gnistrud 101 Gentce glalles. 971b2 Looking glaſes for women,great and fayze. Small dials a few foz prooft, although there they wil nok hold theoider they do heere. Spectacles of the commom fort. Dthers of Critfall trymined with filuer and otherwiſe. Dwje glaties. 1.352100, Commines of Juozie. Commes of Bore. Commes of Wounea di mano Linen ofdiuers Corts. Handkerchewes with Alke of ſeuerallcolottrs Wought. Glaſen eyes to ride with againſt dult. Knives in Cheathes,both lingle and double, of good edge. Weedles great and finall ofeuery kinde. Buttons greater and finaller', with mouldes of leather and not of wood, and ſuch as be durable of double filke, and of ſunduie colours. coyne of golde, good and badde , to thewe that the people here, vſe weight and meaſure whiche is a certayne ſhowe of wiledomie, and of a certayne gouernment ſetled here. esg sila itongan ani dhe Teuerall fluer Coynes of our Englithe moneyg, to bee caried with you to bee thowed to the gouernours at Canbalit, which is a thing that ſhal ta ſilence ſpeake to wife men more then you imagine. Lockes and keyes, binges, boltes, hapes, to great and ſmall of excellent workeinanthippe, whereof ifvent may bee hereafter, wee thall ſet outr ſubiectes in worke, whiche you mult haug in great regarde. Foz in finding ample vente of any thing that is to be wrought in this realme is more worth to our people beldes the gaine of the marchant,then Chilt. church, Bridewel,che Saudy and all the Hoſpicals of Png, lande. For banketing on Shipborde, perſons of illet credite Frite the ſweetett perfumes to fet under hatches to make the place ſweete againſt their comming aborde,if you ar- riue at Cambalu,Duinſey, oz ix ſuch great cities and not s mong ſauages. qarmelade, oni do Sucket. Figges barelled. Reylings of theſunne, Camfets of diuers kindes made of purpoſe that thall not diffolue by him that is moft ercellent. Prunes damat ke. tur nouiedou vidite Dzied peres. Walnutter, Almondes. Smalnuttes. marssin etode Olíues to make them catte their wine. Che Apple John that dureth two peeres to make thobe of our fruites. Sacke. bo batolata asuinam o desglo 10.3370 Uials of goodſweet Waters, fcatting bottels of gralles to beſprinckel che gelts withall,after their cemming abożde. Suger,to vſe with their wine ifthey will, Che Hullocke. tulog Chefweete oyle of Santie and ercelrent ftenche bine ger,and a fine kinde of Birket,ftiped in the ſame doe inake a banketting dithe, and a little Suger calt in it coolech'ana comfortech, and refreſheth the fpirites of man. Synomome water Imperiall water { is to be had with you to make a them of by taſte, and alſo to comfort your licke in the voyage. way of With theſe and ſuch like, you maybanket where you ar- riue the greater and beſt perſons. Da with the gift of theſe garmelades in ſmall boxes, 02 Imall violles of ſweete waters you may gracifie by of gift,02 pou may make a merchandiſe of them. The mappe of England and of London, Cake with you the mappe of Englande ſet out in faire colours, one of the biggelt ſozt I meane, to make thewe of pour Countrie from whence you come. And alſo the large mappe of London,to make thewe of pour Citie. And let the river bee drawne full of ſhippes of all ſortes, to make the more thewe of your greate trade and trafficke in trade of merchandiſe, Mod To Ortelius booke of mappesinos If you take Dıtelias booke of mappes with you,te marke all theſe regions, it were not amille, and if neede were to pzeſent the ſame to the great Cam; for it would bee. to a Prince of merueilous account. The booke of the artyre of all nations.it Such a booke carried with you and beſtowed in gitt, woulde be much efteemed as I perſuade my felfe. Bookes, If any man will ſende you the newe Herball, and fuche bookes as make theme of Herbes, folantes, Trees, fiſhes, #oules and Beattes of theſe regions, it may much delight 13 thegtett Cam,and the nobilitie, and alſo their merchants to baute the viewe of them for all things in theſe parties fo pruch differing from the thinges of thoſe regions, ūnce they may not be here to ſee chē,by meane of the diſtance, yet to ſee thoſe things in a ſhadowe, by this meane will delight them. Thie The booke of Rates, ake with you the booke of Rates,to the ende you may pricke all thoſe commodities there fpecified that you ſhall chaunce to find in Cambalu,in Quinſey, o in any part of the Ealt, where you ſhall chaunce to bee. Parchment. trazo Rowles of parchment for that we may vent inutch withe put hurt to the Realme, and it lyes in ſmall roomer Glewe, sang dan To carrye Glewe,foz that wee hatte plentie, and want bent. Godoo grgsm Saini di dison Red Oker for Painters, al pnR00DN To ſeeke vent becauſe wee baue great mines of it, and baue no vent. Sope of both kindes. To trie what vent it may haue, for that we make of both kindes,and may perhaps make more. Osim tog Saffron. ioonis later To triewhat vent you may haue of affron, becauſe this Realme yeeldes the belt of the worlde, and for the tillage and other labours,may fet chepooze greatly in work to their reliefe bio sxood T Aquauitæ. Bynewe deuile wonderfull quantities may bee made beere,and therefore to ſeeke tyevent. tool1 Blacke Conic skinnes, Totrieche bent at Cambalue, for that it lyes towarden to use in the the anth and fo that wre abounde with the commoditte, and may ſpare it. Threade of all colours, Chevent thereof may ſet our people in worke. Copper Spurres, and haukes belles, To ſee the vent, for it may ſet our people in woke, A note and a caueat for the merchant. That before you offer your commodities to ſale that you indeuour to learne what commodities the Countrie there hach. Foifyou bring thither veluet, taffeta, ſpice, 02 any ſuch commoditie that you your felfe delire to lade your ſelfe home with you mult not ſell yours deare,leat hereafter you Purchaſe theirs not ſo cheape as you woulok. Secdes for ſale. Carrie with you for that purpoſe, all ſortes of Garden teedes, as well of ſweete ftrawing herbes and of flowers,as allo of pot herbes,and all ſorts for rootes, etc. Leadde of the firft melting. Leadde of the ſecond melting of the ſlagges. SAU To make triall of the vent of Leadde of all kindes. Engliſhyron,and wyer of yron and copper, To trpe the ſale of the ſame, Brymſtone. Co trie the bent of the ſane, becauſe wee abaunde of It made in che Realme, og slett en Anthimoney a minerall. To ſee whether they haue any ainple uſe there for it, for that wee inay lade whole nauies of it,and haue no vſe of it vnleffe it bee for come ſimalt portion in founding of belles, a lithel that the Alcumiſtes vſe, of this you may haue two foztes at the Appoticaries, Timber Tinder boxes with Steele, finr, and matches, and tinder,the matchcs to bee madcof Gineper,to auoide the offence of brimſtone. To trie and to make the better ſale of Wzimſtone by the wing the vle. 199003 Candles of wafeta light. A painted Bellowes: r16 9109 A do for that perhaps they haue not the ble of thein. A pot of calt yron To trie the fale, for that it is a naturall conumoditie of this Realnie, DO All maner of edge cooles. To bee ſolo there oy to the lelle ciuill people by the way where you ſhall rwich. D.2 What I woulde haue you there to remember. To note ſpecially what ercellent dying they vſe in theſe regions, and therefore to note their garments, k oznaments of houſes: and to ſee their die houſes and the inaterialles, and dimples that they uſe about theſame: and to bring us kers and themes of the colours and of the materials, foz that it may ſerue this clothing realme to great purpoſe. Torake with you for your owneyſe. All maner of Engyns to take filhe and foule. To take with you thoſe thinges that bee in perfection of goodneſie. Foy as the goodnelle nowe at the firſt may make your commodities in credit in time to come : So falfe and fos phiſticate cominodities fhall dawe you and all your cam modities into contempt and ill opinion. * Notes framed by a Gentleman heretofore to bee giuen to one that pre- pared for a diſcouerie, and wentnot: And noc ynfire to be committed to print, conſidering the ſame may ſtirre vp conſiderations of theſe and of ſuch other thinges,not vnmcete in ſuch new voyages as may be attempted hereafter. Vat the firſt Seate be chofer on y fealde ſo as(if it may be) you may hate your owne Nas uie within Bay,riter by lake, within your ſeat ſafe from the enemfe. And ſo as the enemie fhalbe forced to lie in opē rode abroade without, to be diſpers fed with all windes and time petts that thall ariſe. Thus ſeated you thall bee leaft ſubiecte to annoy of the enemie, la may you by your Jauie wichin,palle out to all partes of the worlde, and ſo may the ſhippes of Englande haute accefle to you to fupply all wantes, ſo may your commodities be caris ed away alſo. This feate is to bee choſen in temperate Clis mat in ſweete apze, where you may potellealwayes(weete Water, wood, feacoles, or curfe, with fiſh,fleſh,grayne, fruits, berbes and routes, oz fomany of thoſe, as may ſuffice very necefTitie fortbe life of fuch as ſhall plant there. And for the poffeffing of mines of golde,offiluer,copper,quickfluer,82 ofany ſuche pzecions thing, the wantes of diuers of thote needfullthinges may be fupplied from ſome other place by Cea,&c. 365 TIS Stone to make Lymt of. pare to be looked for as Sus Slate toneto tile withall thinges without which by ſuche clay as maketh tyle, no Citie may bee inade Stone to wall withal if noz ade from 200 Bycke may not bee mades 2900 W Cimber foybuilding eale- noz people in ciuill code ly to be conueied to the place, ve kept cogether. 307 Reede to couer houſes of 10 ſuch like iftileo, flate be not. The people there to plant and to continue are eyeher to liue without trafficke, oz by trafficke and by trade of mar: chandize.jfthey fhall Ite without ſea trafficke, at the firft they become naked by Want oflinen and wollen, and very miſerable by infinite wantes that will otherwiſe enſue, and ſū will they be forced of them ſelues to depart, o els eaſely they will bee conſumed by the Sp, by the fr, oz by the na- turall inhabichantes of the countrey, and ſo the interprice becomes repzachfull to our nation, and a lett to many o ther good purpoſes that may be taken in hande. And by trade of marchandize they can not lite, excepte the ſea of the lande there may yeelde commoditie for com moditie. And therefore you ought to haue molt ſpeciallre. garde of that point , and ſo to plane, that the naturall come modities of the place and ſeate, may drawe to you acceffe of Inauigation for the ſame,0, that by your owne Nauigation you may carie che ſame out, and fetche home the ſupplye of the wantes of the ſeate. Such nauigation Co to bee employed, ſhall belides the fupply of wantes, bee able to encounter with foxreyne fozce, And for that in the ample vente of ſuche thinges as are bought to you out of engl.by ſeattandeth a matter of great conſequence, it behouech that all humanitie and curtele and much fazbearing of reuenge to the inland people be bled, co fhall you hate firme amicie with your neyghbours, ſo fhall you haue their inland commodities to maintayne trafficke, & [o fhall you ware rich andftrong in force. Druers & ſeue. rall commodities of the inland are not in great plentie to be bought to your handes, without the ayde of ſome portable By Rauigableryuer, og ample lacke, and therefore to haue a dislom as gas the the helye of ſuche & one is moft requiſite : And ſo isit of effecte for the diſperling of your owne cominodities in ere change into the inlandes. $32othing is inoje to be indevoured wich the fuland ped. ple then familiaritie:Foz ſo may you belt diſcouer al the nas turall commodities of their countrey, and alſo all their wantes all their ſtrengches all their weakenelle, and with whome they are in warre, and with wijome confiderate it peace and amicie, ff. whiche knowen, you may woorke many great effectes of greateſt confequence. Con And in your planting the confideration of the climate and of the foylebee matters that are to bee reſpected. sfortf ir be ſo that you may let in the ſalt ſea water,notmixed with che freſh into flattes, where the funne is ofthe beate that it is at Rochell, in the Bay of poytingall, on Spaine , then inay you procure a man of ſkill, and ſo you haue wonne one noble commoditie for the fiſhing, and foz trade of mats chandizeby inaking of salt. Dżif the ſoyle and clymate bee ſuch as may yeelde you che Grape as good as that at Burdeus, as that in poztin. gale, oz as that about Siul in Spaine,02 that in the Jlands of the Canaries, then there reftechbut a wodikeman to put in execution to make wines, and to dzelle Relings of the ſünne and other, xem Dzif you finde a ſople of the temperature of the South part of Spaine of Barbarie, in whiche you finde the Dlif tree to growe: Then you may bee aſſured of a noble mars chandize for this realme, conſidering that our great trade of clothing doch require ople, and weying howe deere of lace it is becoine by the vent they hate of that commoditie in the Tieft 3ndies and if you finde the wilde olif there it may be graffed.com * D, if you can finde the berrie of Cochenile with whiche wee colour Stammelles, oz any Roote, Berrie , Fruite, wood oz earth fitte for dying you winne a notable thing fitt foz udos OHOL for our fate of clothing. This Cochenile is naturall in the welt gludies on that firme. Dzifyou have bides of beattes fit foz Cole Lether,&c. 30 wilbe a marchandize right good and the lauages there yet can not tanne Lether after our kinde , yet excellently after their owns maner, or sids Dzif the Coyle fall yeeloz figges, Almondes, Sugar Tanes, Duinces, Dienges, Leinons, Potatos, fc. there may ariſe fome trade and trafficke,by fgges,almonds, fit. gar,marmelade, Sucket &c.ro Dz if great woods bee founde,if they be of Cypes,chetta may beemade,if they bee offome kinde of trees, pitche and tarre may be made, ifthey ber of ſome other then they may yeelde Rolin, Turpentine,acaand al for trade and trafficke, and Caſkes for wine and oyle may be made: likewiſe thips andhouſes,c. And becauſe trafficke is a thing ſo materiali,; with chac great obferuation be taken what euery ſople peeldech natus rally,in what commoditie foeter, and what it may be made to peelo by indeuotr,and to ſend us notice home, that there vypon wee may deuile what meanes may be thought of to rayſe trades. oras Nowe admit that we might not be ſuffered by the fauages to enioy any whole countrey oz any more thé the ſcope of a Citie, yet if wee mightenioy trafficke and be aſſured of the Came, wee might bee much inriched, our Naute might be increaſed, et a place of ſafetie might there be found, if change of religion of cluill warres ſhoulde happen in this realme, which are thinges of great benefite. But if we may intoy any large Territorie of apt ſoyle, we might ſovſe the mats ter as we ſhould not depende vpon Spaine for oyles, facks, refinges,penges, lemons, Spanifhſkinnes,&c. Noz vppon Fraunce fa, woad, bayſalt,andgaſcoyne wines, no on Eft- lande for filare,prech, tarre,mattes,&c. So we fhoulde not to exhauſt our treaſure, and fo exceedingly inriche our doubte full friendes,as we doe,buc ſhoulde purchaſe the commodi, ties that we want for halfe the treaſure that now we do: but Thould fhould by our own induftries & the benefits of the ſoile there cheapely purcbesoyles, wines, ſalt, fruits,pitchtarreflare, hemye, maltes, boozdes, filhe,gold, Gluer, copper, tallowe, hides and many commodities: belides if there be no flatts to make ſalt on, if you haute plentie of wood you may make it in ſufficient quantitie for common bles at home there, Tlf you can keepe a ſafe hauen, although you hatte not the friendthip of the neere neyghbours, yet you may baue traf- ficke by ſea vpon one thoje os ocher,bpon that firme in time to come,tf not preſent. 119ca sa se dotat sit 3|fyaa finde great plenty of tymber on the thoje fide of upon any portable rtuter, you were beft to cut downe of the ſame the firtt Wynter, tabee ſeaſoned for thippes, barkes, botes and houſes. 1:00 10 odwod diul 09191103 930 03 And if neere fuch wood there be any riuer or brooke bpon the which a ſawing mill may be placed, it woulde voe great feruice and therefore confideration woulde bee had of ſuche place, Bried to do so si ured And if ſuch port & choſē place offetling were in poffeflio e after fortified by art,although by ý land ſide our Engliſhme were kept in, and might not intoy any traffick with the next neighbours,noz any vittel:yet might they vistel themfelues ofälh2 to ſerue verte neceſſitie, and enter into amicie wich the enemies of their next neighbours, & lo haue vent of their marchandize of England and alſo haue vittel,az by nacanes herevpan to be vſed to force the next neighbours to ainicie. And keeping ananie at the ſetling place they ſhoulde finde out along the tracte of the lande to haue trafficke , and ac diuers Iſlandes alſo. And ſo this firtt (eate might in time became a ttapling place of the commodities of many Countreys and territories, and in tymre this place myght be conre of all the prouinces round about the only gouzrnout. Audifthe place firti cholé lhould not ſo wel pleale our peo: ple,as ſome other moje lately founde out: Chere might bee au cale remoue, and that might be raſed, or rather kept for others of our nation to auoyde an ill neyghbour, &c. 3fthe ſoples adioy ning to ſuch conuenient hauen and ſecling K3 fecling places he founde marfbie and boggie,then men ſkila ful in draining are to be caried thither. Foarte may wolke wonderfall effectes therein, and make the ſople rich formas nybres.1 194003193110 dog sedilo 2915 To piante oppoman Klande in the match of fome notas bleriuer, oz vpok the poynt of the lande entring into the ria ter,ifno ſuch Iſland be, were to great ende. Foz ifſuch riuer were nauigable or potable farre into the lande,then would arife greac hope of planting in fertill ſoyles and trafficke on che ane by on thother fide ofthe riuer,02 on boch, or the line king in amicie with one of other petie king contēding there for dominion. 10 usduregalo gaitals 1999 si Such riters founde, both barges and boates may bee made for the ſafe paſſage of ſuch as hal percej ſame. Theſe to bee couered with doubles of courſe linnen artificially wrought, to defend the arrow a the part of the lauage from the rower. ilmour stulgad online griddino 3 Since euery Coyle of the world by arte may be made to yeelde things to feede and to cloth man, bring in your rea turne a perfect note of the ſople without and within and we hall deuileifneede require to amende the ſame, to draw is to moje perfectið. And if you finde not fruits in your plans ting place to your liking, we fhai inv.dulfats furnith you ſuch kinds of plants to be caried thither y winter after your planting as ſhall the very neft ſummer folowing yeeld you ſome frutite,and the yere nerc folowing, as much as Thal ſuf- fice a towne as big as Callice and that Choztly after ſhall be ableto yeeld you great ſtore ofttrang durable good lider to dinke, theſe trees thalbe able to increaſe you within lelle thyen vii.yeres as many trees preſently to beare,as may ſuf- fice the people of diuers pariſhes, which acche Grü Cetling may ſtand you in great ttcade if the ſoyle haue not the come moditie of fruites of goodnelle already. Aud becauſe you ought greedily to hunt after thinges that yeelde preſent res liefe, without trouble of cariage thither, therefore I make mencion of theſe,thus ſpecially to the ende you may have it fpecially in niynde. FINIS. The cos . Beaftes, 30 Eurtlesed nas Fisbeso se The names of certaine commodities growing in part of America, not preſently bited by any Chriſtians frõ Florida Northward, gathered out of the diſcosurſes, of Verarzanus, Thorne, Cartier, Ribalt, Thevet,and beſt which hauc bin perſonal ly in thoſe Countreys and haue feene theſe things moet amingit many others. She Fealants. Leopardes, Swannes. Not only Stagges. Chulhes.mx site artes. Deare. Fintches. 23eares. Nightingales. Pl. s ostado Hares, Factildehipine. Coddes..thio 113363 Connyes. Salmons. trois ans White beares. Seales. a heatt farre bigger then an ore. sakereis. gurbet Catolues. Toztoyſes. BER Dogges. wathales. Sie sollte 9 kind of bealt like a Comg.. Horfefiftes. SE Beuers, fith like a grayhound good meatt. Sparterns. 1290 Lampeeys. o fim Foreg. Os Crabbes. 16 odsud Bagers. LOR Crefiſhes. Dtters. 599002 atteeſels. US 5911 Celes. A beaſt called Su being like a Bull. The riuers full of incredible fore of Birdes. all good fithe. Haukes. 23 . V Vormes. Bitters. Silke wozmes fayze and greató Curlewes. Trees herons. Bay. Tatoodcockes, tout autas Cypres. , Partridges. Damiont.. 23 Small birdes. stringas bestuck Palme. cooy 1990 og så att Plentie of foule for al pleaſant gamit. Sang trees yeciulag Cartet faux apojateg. Dkes. Blackbirdes. Put trees. Cranes. Firre. Crowes like Cornich. Thoughts. Wints. Duckes. Obno omarol Cahene good againft perforo 39 Godttes. 2 3 4 5 stay 4 5 Cedars Shafell trees. 30 Beele. Cheritrees. avtalnuttrets. za Pepper trees. Dargaues. muda which healeth many diftatcs *4 30100) Lobſters. oo Pigions. word Pelowe. J Redde. ca Alte. Clmes. Precious ſtones, Bore. authitelmes. Tutqueles Ctoon. 5 Pynes, dis Rubieses: 290 91 Pewe. Willowes. Pearles great and faire. Fitbirdteres better then ours. Precious tants of divers colours. Gothitechones bearing a berrie as big Elurgní a ſtone much eftemed there. as a Damcon. 12. Kiph a kind of ſtone fhining bright. Wines bearing a great grape. Other ftones. Fruites. Marble very hard. SJaſper. Cowcumbers. J Øudides. chese alabalter. Freeltone Cytrons. Mulberries. Diarries ofglíftring ſtones. Raſpis. almonds. Colours. 2730 Apples. smelons. Daiſons. Figges. lewe, Scarlet. Reaſons great and ſmall. Roane colour. Bulke melons. SLemons. Deateľkitines wzought Iike bianchen Dienges. 2Dates very great. Damaſke. Strawberries. harts ſkinnes paynted and died of dia Gooſeberries red and white. uers colours Gummes. Bagges of red colours: Rolent. Pitche. Carte. a roote called Quaty that they dye reb Honnie. withall in Florida, Frankencenfe.diare. Spices and Drugges. So as ihe commodities already knowven, Pepper. beſides many yer vnk novuch scre Small (pices like to vire. 530023 theſe and shar in greatona Reubarbe in Florida : diuerfe other quantitie, kiridess in Elounda : 250 Flethe. Sfruites. Heerbes and floures. aus Fithe. Sraynt. SO any fortes of herbes differing krom Beueradges of drink of diuers foztes. ours. Bolde. Scopper. MB any fimples like thoſe of Fraunce. Siluer. Lead. 10 furres. Parceley. cutite Mini swala si Peatles Sfeathers. Redue. Gumines. an Roles. athite. Damalke. Silke. Grayne and Pulfe. Hides vndjefled. Corne like Rit. Qeyllet. Seaftsſkins Wrought like Damalkt. Dates. tants of diuers Lether died. the Teaſon. coulers. Hartes (kinnespainted. uld I Another frāge corne of good nouriſh. Stones faz fayze building. ment. kus gone SIS Precious ſtones. saiz. Colours. Metalles, All kinde of good wood. Bolusin good quantitie. Siluer. Coper. A soronoin Imprinted at London at the 00 Leade..2012 three Cranes in the Vie. anybils to militar al matter. 130 free, by Thomas Daya Malate , Duugges. Dyles. /S$2 Ha Haklugt, Zichoid ((( 3 M M