W!!LIAM L. CLEMENTS
SOUND SY RIVIERE & SON

Coll. complete

. Martin
200.00






Abbott & Ecorge)
STC 24

A
BRIEFE DESCRIP-
TION OF THE
whole worlde.
WHEREIN ARE PAR
ticularly deſcribed all the Monarchies,
Empires, and
kingdomes of the
ſame:
with their
feuerall titles and
fituations thereunto
adioyning.
AT LONDON
Printed by T. Iudſon, for Iohn Broine,
and are to be fould at the ſigne of the
Bible in Fleete-ftreete.
1599.

1
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i ono blog awr Amouvomotor
BRIEFE DESCRIP
TION OF THE WHOLE
WORLD.
"bebimos dos
basis vd Abno : 2011 out or troit
He globe of the earth,
doth eyther ſhewe the ſea,or land.
The ſea generall is called by the
name ofthe OCEAN, which coa-
ſteth all the world, and taketh his
name in ſpeciall , eyther of the
place neere which it comineth: as
Oceanus Britannicus : Mare Ger-
manicus : Sinus Perficus: Mare Atlanticum, of the hill Atlas
in the Weſt part of Africke:or of the finder out : as Fretum
Magelanicum. or of fome other accident, as the Red Tea,
becauſe the fand is red: Mare Mediterraneum : becauſe it
runneth betweene the landes of Europe, and Afrike: Ma-
re Icarium, becauſe Icarus was drowned there, or the like.
There be ſome few feas which haue no entercourle with
the OCEAN, as Mare mortuum neare Paleſtina: Mare
Cafpium, ſiue Hircanim, not farre from Armenia, and ſuch
a one is faid to be in the North part of America. you
The Straites or narrow ſeas are noted in the Latine, by
the name of Fretum : as Fretum Britanicum, the Engliſh
narrowe ſeas, Fretum Herculeum, the Itraightes between
Barbarie and Spaine, Fretum Magellanicum. c.
The earth is either Ilands, which are thoſe that are who.
ly compaffedby the ſea; as Britannia, Sicilia, Corſica: or the
continent which is called in the Engliſh, the firme lande,
A 2
in the

De Hispania.
in the Latine Continens.
The olde knowne firme land was conteined onely in
Aſia, Europe, and Africa. Europe is deuided from Africa
by the Mediterran ſeajand from Afia by theriuer Tamais,
whercby appeareth that the North-partes of Aſia, and of
Europe in oldetiine were bur little knowne, and diſco-
ucred.
Africa is deuided from Europe by the Mediterran fer,
from Afia by the riucr Nilus: and fo Afia, by Tanais and
Nilus, is feuered from Europe and Afrike.
Shalaq 637 gloworldvaitab
altele De Hiſpania.
-60 doitwoor
ziddle blomsorgils duba
ſterne countrie of Europe is Spainc:which is bouded
on the South wth the Mediterraneo, on the Weſt with
the Atlantike, on the North with the Oceanus Cantabriew
or the Spaniſh ſcas ,on the Eaſt, with France, from which
it is feuered with certaine mountaincs, called Mortes Pye
renes, or the Pyrenci hills. boibost da slused
In this countricheretofore there were many kingdoms:
asthe kingdomc ofPortingale toward the Welt, the king-
dome of Granada toward the Souch, the kingdome of Na-
uarre and Aragon toward the Eaſt, and the kingdomc of
Caſtile in the middle of the land: but the whole dominion
is now ynder the king of Spaine. Vorunis os bichinos
Ydegir. I odai bosoni otsesst wordt zo zbrindar
tibaril de De Gallia. :loorsmars
on soodaad in die
1. แจกัน ใน
209) oworisa
He next countrie is France : which is bounded on
the Weſt with the Pyrenei hills : on the North with
chc Engliſh {cas:on the Eaſt with Gerinanie: on the South-
cat
The

De Gallit.
kalt with the Alpe-hilles: on the South-weſt with the Me-
Hiterran fea.
Trollo con
- This was in auncient time deuided into three partes :
Aquitania which is toward the Welt: Celtica toward the
North and Weft:and Belgica which is toward the North.
Belgica is ſometimes called Gelia inferior, and ſometime
Germania inferior: but we call it commonly by the name
ofthe Lowe countries: the gouernement whereof at this
day is not at all vnder France : bae Gallia Celtica and Aguia
sania are vnder the French king.
a France hath many petie gouernements that doebor-
der vpon it: as the Duke of Sauoie, the State of the Swice
zers, the Dukedome of Loraine, the Burgundians or Wal-
lons: againſt all which the King is forced to keep his fron-
cier townes.
ode
There is nothing more famous in this kingdome then
the Salike lawe : whereby it is prouided; that no woman,
nor the heire of her, as in her right, ſhali enioy the crowne
of France: butit goeth alwayes to the hcire male.
The Switzers are a people called in olde time Heluerys
who haue no Noblemienor Gentlemen among them, but
onely the citizens of their townes: the yearely officers
whercof, and their councill, doc gouernethcir State. Sie
- sinuntoon ridic 2.29
organit
De Germania, loop
morao bns bobononiegt ar piros/
TELE
"He next countrie ynto France, on the Eaſt-fidc, is
Germanie , which is bounded on the Weſt with
France, and the Lowe-countries on the North with Den.
marke, and the Daniſh (cas: on the Ealt with Pruſſia, Po-
lonia, and Hungaric: on the South-caft with Ittuia, and
Illyricum: on the Souch with the Alpe-hilles & with Italy.
• The gouernour generall of this countrie is called the
9:30
Emperoux

De Italia.
Emperour of
Germanie; who is choſen by three fpirituali
princes, the Archbiſhop of Colen called Colonienfis ; the
Archbiſhop of Ments called Moguntinus; and the Archbi-
ſhop of Triers called Treuerenfis : and three temporal prin-
ces; the Duke of Saxonie', the Marques of Brandeburg:
and the Countie Palantine of Rhine:which ifchey cannot
agree, as to make a Maior parte in their clection: then the
king of Boheme hath allo a voyce: whereofit commech to
to be faide, that there bee ſeuen Princes electors of the
Empire.
anyos
There is not that free libertie of chooſing the Emperour
out of any countrie, as was heretofore. Bucthe electionis
tyed, within one hundred yeares ynto the houſe of Auſtria,
and at this day of of them the king of Bohemia is Empe-
rour, who is called Rodulphus. 2.
Bohemia is a kingdome in the middle of Germanie,
which is conipaffed rounde with a mightie wood, called
Silua Hircinia: The chiefe citie thereof is called Prage.
In Germanie all are at a kinde of commaundement of
the Emperour: but moſt of the Princes (otherwiſe) cake
on them as abſolute gouernours in their dominion. So
that they haue libertie of religion, they make lawes, they
raiſe fouldiers, they ſtampe money with their owne coyne.
as abſolute princes.So doth the Duke of Saxonie,che Arch-
biſhop, and the reſt.
There are alſo free States and cities, which hauc the
fame authoritie, as Argentine, Frankford, and other.
a De Italia. .
bre
Nthe South-ſide of the Alpes(and Germanie lyeth
O
South, and Eaſt. Ithath on the South-ſide
the Iland Sicilia:
on the

De Italia.
on the Eaſt,that pårt of the Med. which is called Mare A-
driaticum, or Mare ſuperum; which ſeuereth Italie from
Græcia:on the Weſtſide that part of the Med.which is cal-
led Mare Tyrrhenumor Mare inferum: and by ſome Maa
re Liguſticum.
This countrie for the figure thereof, is by ſome likened
vnto a long leafe of a tree: it hath in the middle ofit which
goeth all in length, a mightie mountaine, named Mons
Apenninus, which is likened to the Spina or ridge-bone
ofthe backe: out of this hill ſpring diuers Riuers, which
runne on both ſides of it,into the Adriatike, and Tyrrhene,
er Tuſcane ſeas. id elit
The North parte of this Italie is that which in auncient Gallia.
time was called Gallia Comata,or Gallia Ciſalpina, inhabi-
ted then by the French-nen. It is now called Longobardia,
of Lombardie, wherein ſtand many rich gouernements:
as the Dukedome of Millaine, of Mantua, of Florence,and
others.It is for the pleaſantneſſe thereof, in reſpect of the
foile,aire,waters, and great varietie of wines, and fruites,
likened now by fome to Paradiſe, or the garden of God.
In this Italy, which was herctofore oncintire gouerne-
ment in the floriſhing eſtate of the Romanes, are now ma-
ny abſolute States, and princedomes, by the great policie
of the Biſhop of Rome : who thought it the beſt way to
make himſelfe great to weaken the Einpire. So he hath
not onely driven the Emperour out of all Italie into Ger-
manie : but hath diminiſhed his Maieſtie in both: by ma-
king ſo many pecie gouernments, which hold themſelues
foueraigne rulers, without relation to any other.. don't
As there are many States in Italie, ſo one of the chiefeft
are the Venicians called Rep. Venetorum, or the State of
Venice : becauſe they are not gouerned by any one: but
by their Senate, & gentlemen, although they haue a duke:
with whoſe ſtampe their money is coyned, and in whoſe
name

1
De Italia.
magie all their exccutions ofiuſtice are done. But this duke
is euery way limited by the State.
-1 This Citie of Veniceftandeth in an Aftuarium or ſhal-
low of earth in the North-part of the Adriatike ſea, fo ſafely,
that it is held inuincible. There is in it but one ſtreete of
firmcland:into the other the ſea doth flow at euerie tide.
They haue beene a great and rich State; not onely poffef-
fing much in Italie,as Padua their Vniuerficie, and other
things which nowe they does but a great part of Illyricum
and many rich Ilands in the Med.as Candie,called coin-
monly Creta, Cyprus, Zacynthus and other. Todo sout
The impoueriſhing of theirítate, hath partly beene by
the encroching of the Turke:but eſpecially By the decay-
ing of that trafique which they had to Alexandria in Ae-
gypt for their ſpices and other riches of Perſia, Arabia, and
the Eaſt Indies. Since the courſe of the Portugals,to thoſe
Eaſterne countries hachbecne by ſea, by the backeſide of
Africa. Sistni stomatologie Latino
Hereftandeth the Citie of Florence, a renowmed Ci-
tic of Lombardie, which is gouerired by a Duke, an abſo-
lute Prince.This Dukedome is in the familic ofthe Medie
ees, from whom caine Katherine de Medices, the wife of
Henriethe 2. King of France, lately ſo well kgowne by the
name of Queene mother. olur : omon lo contido
In this Lombardie ftandcth alſo the Dukedome of Mil-
3
laine, a moftrich and pleaſant thing, which foinetime had
beene gouerned by a Duke of their owne : but oflatc hath
beéne poflefied by the Spaniard , and ſometime by the
French, and is now in the gouernınent and poffeffion of
the king of Spaine. istri 201812 vasoroda
A good part of Italie isvnder the Biſhop of Rome,which
4 coinmoly is called the land of the Church where the Pope
is a Prince abſolute : not onely fpirituall,as elſe-where hee
claiinoth: but alſo temporall:making lases, requiring tii-
bure,
2

nonto" De Italia.
bute, raiſing ſouldiers, and executing iuftice as a Monarche.
In the South part of Italie licth the kingdome of Naples,
which is a countrie very rich and full of all kind of pleaſure,
aboundant in Nobilitie; whereof comineth to bee faid that
prouerbe: Naples for Nobilitie, Rome for religion,Millaine
for beautie,Florence for policie,and Venice for riches.
This was heretofore ruled by a king of their owne, till
the time of Ioane Queene of Naples, who by decde of gift,
did firlt graunt that kingdome to the Kings of Aragon in
Spaine: and afterward by will(with a rcuocation of the for-
mer graút) did bequeath it to the houſe of Anioy in France.
Since which time the kingdome of Naples hath ſometimes
beene in the hand of the Spaniard, fonetimes poſſeſſed by
the French and is now under the King of Spaine: ynto this
is annexed alſo the Dukedome of Calabria.
There be morcouer in Italie many other Prince-domes
and States; as the Dukedome of Ferrara; the Dukedome of
Mantua;the Dukedome of Vrbine;the Dukedome of Par-
ma,& Placentia: the State of Luca:the State of Genua,com-
monly called the Genowaies, which are gouerned by their
Senate:but haue a Duke as they haue at Venice. There bee
alſo ſome other, by which meanes,the glory and ſtrength of
Italy is decayed.
20 HoMoniliana
DeDania, Suecia, & Noruegia.
1o Tipilitob odstartoon
Hoon
S Italielieth on the Southſide of Gerinanie, fo Den-
marke lieth on the North, into the iniddle of which
land the ſea breaketh in by a place called the Sound. The Im-
poſte of which paſſage bringeth great riches, as an ordinarie
tribute to the King of Denmarke : this is a kingdome,and
mied by an abſolute gouernour. SHOTSHOT
3 2011
Onthe North and Eaſt ſide of Denmarke licth Suecia,
commonly called Swedenor Swechen:which is alſo a king-
B
dome
bogel
AS
TO

De Dania,Sueſia,co Noruegia.
dome of it felfe. Where the King profeſſeth himſelfe to bee
Rex Suecorum, Gothorum, et Vandalorum.Wherby we may
know thatche Gothes and Vandales which in times paſt did
waſte Italie,and other Nations of Chriſtendome, did come
out of this country. oila 1:3 depucuk
On the Northſide and Weſt of Sweden lieth Noruegia
or Norway, which is at this day vnder the gouernement of
the King of Denmarke, although heretofore ithath beenc
a free kingdome ofit ſelfe.mod nosotros
Within the Sounde, on the Eaſt part of the fea , lieth
Dantzicke : where are three townes of Hanſe-men, confe-
derates, and allies vnto the King of Denmarke.
vd There is no great thing to be noted in theſe countries:
but that from Denmarke commeth much corne to the fup-
ply of other parts of Chriſtendome: and that from all thefe
countries is brought great furniture for warre, or for ſhip-
ping. As malts,cables,ſteele, ſadles,armour, gunpowder,&
the like. And that in the leas adioyning to theſe parts,there
are fiſhes of much more monſtrous ſhape, then elſe-where
are to be found: The people of theſe countries are by their
profeffion, Lutherans for religion.lu
20rognou bons mola vreo Thirwydathomololla
Sou coobilt
De Ruſsia, fiue Mofcouia.
ins.
Nthe Eaſt ſide of Sweden beginneththe dominion of
the Emperour of Ruſſia(although Ruffia, or Mofcouia
itſelf doth lie ſomewhat more into the Eaſt)whichis a great
and mightie Monarchie, extending itſelfe euen from Lap-
- land, and Finmarke, many a thouſand mile in length ynto
the Caſpian ſea:fothat it containeth in it a great part of Eu-
rope and much of Afia alſo.it
The gouernour there calleth himſelfe Emperour of Ruf-
fia, great Duke of Mofcouia, with many other titles of
Princedores,and Cities, whoſe dominion was very much
enlarged
anche
ONE

De Ruſia, fiue Moſcouid.
enlarged by the Emperour not long ſince dead: whome in
Ruffie they call Iman Vaſiliwich, in the
Latine Iohannes Bafili-
des: who raigning long, and being fortunate in warre, did
very much enlarge this mightie dominion.se
The people of this countrie are rude, and vnlearned, ve-
ty ſuperſtitious, a kinde of Chriſtians: but rather following
the Greeke Church. Their buildings is moſt of wood, cuen
in their chiefe Citie of Moſco: inſomuch, that the Tartars
wholy in the North-eait of them breaking oft into their
countries, euen vito the very Citie of Moſco, doefet fire on
their Cities , which by reaſon of their woodden buildings,
are quickly deſtroyed. Too sob o no
The paſſage by ſea into this countrie ( which was wont
to be through the Sound, and ſo afterward by land)was firſt
diſcouered by the Engliſh: who with great danger of the
frozen feas , did firſt aduenture to faile ſo far North, as to
compaſſe Lapland, Finmarke, Scrikfipia,and Biarnia: and
fopaſſing to the Eaſt by Noua Zimbla, halfe the way almofti
to Cathaio, haue entred the riuer called Ob: by which
they diſperſe themſelues for marchandize both by water
& land,into the moſt parts of the dominio of the Emperour.
This Empire is at this day one of the greateſt dominions
in the world: both for compaffe of groundc, and for multi-
tude ofmen:fauing that it Iyeth far North, and foyeeldeth
not pleaſure or good trafique, with many other of the beſt
nations,
bob
De Pruſia, & Polonia.sk
- grey
N Europe, on the Eaſt and North corner of Germany
lyeth a countrie called Pruſſia, in Latine moſt times Boo!
ruſia, in Engliſh Pruthen, or Sprufa:of whome, little is fam
mous, fauing that they be governed by one,itt a kinde ofor-
der of religion, whome they call tbe Grand-maſter: and
that they are a meanes to keepe the Mofcouite & the Turke
from ſome other partes of Chriſtendome.org ad olio
тоа.
Inych
B 2

De Pruſia, da Polonia.
Onthe Eaft-ſide of Germanie, betweene Ruffia & Ger-
manie, lyeth Polonia, cr Poland, which is a kingdome dif-
fering from other of Europe : becauſe the king there is cho-
fenby clection by fome of the Princes neare adioyning, as
was lately Henry the third, King of France. Theſe clecti-
cns oftentimes doe make great factions there; ſo that inta-
king partes,they grow often there into ciuill warre.
The king of Polonia is almoſt continually in warre, ci
ther with the Mofcouite, who lyeth in the Eaſt and North-
caſt of him; or with the Turke, wholyeth on the South and
South-eatt; and ſometimes alſo with the Princes of Germa-
nie; whereupon the Poles dee commonly deſire to chuſe
warriors to their King. lion
In this countric are none but Chriſtians : but fo, that lie
bertic ofallreligions is permitted, inſomuch, that there be
Papifts, Colleges of Iefuites both of Lutherans, and Calui-
niites opinions, Anabaptifls, Anians and diuers others. This
is that countrie, which in times paſt was called Sarinatia,
the chiefe citie whereof is nained Cracouia. ed. bir
De Hungaria, & Auſtria.
Nthe South-fide of Germanie lyeth Hungarie, called
deuidedinto Pannonia fupcrior, and Pannonia inferior: it is an
abloluce kingdome, and hath heretofore bene ritch and
populous. The Chriſtians that doeliue there, haue among
them diuers fortes of religions, as in Poland. The kingdom
hath benc a great obſtacle againſt the Turkes comming in-
to Chriſtendome e but eſpecially in the time of Iohannes
Huoiades, who did mightily with many great victories re-
pulſe the Turke. Here andeth Buda, which was hercio
före a great fortrefie of Chriſtendome. But the glory of this
kingdome is almoſt vrterly decaycd, by reaſon that the
Turke, who partiy by policic and partly by force, doth now
poſſefic the greatcit parte of it. So that the people are fled
from

De Hungaria, & Auftria.
from thence, and the Chriſtians which remaine there are in
iniſerable ſeruitude: Notwithftanding, ſome part of Panno.
nia ſuperior doth yet belong to Chriſtendome.
That corner of Germanie which lieth necreſt to Hunga-
rie is called Auſtria, which is an Archdukedome. Frówhich
houſe are coine many of the Princes of Germany, and ofc.
ther parts cfEurope 3 ſo that the Crowne imperiall of Ger-
manicis now tied to fome one ofthis houſe,
In this countrie ſtandeth Vienna that noble cicic, whichis
now the principall bulwarke of all Chiiftendome againſt
the Turke: from whence Soliman was repelled by. Ferdi.
Tandus King of Hungarie, in the time of the Emperour
Charles the fift.It was in this country, that Richard the full,
king of England in his returnefiom the holy land, was taken
priloner by the Archduke of Auſtria, and fo put to a grie-
uous raunfome. The Archduke that now is, by the King of
Spaine,is appointed in the place of the Duke of Parma, as
gouernour of the low countrics. Through both Auftrią and
Hungarie doth ruimethe mightie riuer Danubius as through
Germanie doth runne the Rhene, whereon groweth Vinum
Rhenarum,commonly called Rheniſh wine.es
blok od De Græcia... citate
eit 9:
ON
N the South-fide of Hungarie, and South-eaſt, lyeth a
countrie of Europe called in old time Dacia, which is
large and wide,comprehending in it Tranſylvania, Valachia,
Moldauia, and Serxia. Of which little is fanious faue that the
meu are warlike, and can hardly be brought to obedience,
They haue lately bio vnder the King of Hungarie. The riu r
Danubius doth diuide this Dacia from 1hyfm.commonly cal-
led Bulgaria,whieblieth on the South from Danubisa and is
feuered from Græcia by the mountaine Hemus.
From Hernus towards the Southlieth Græcia,bounded on
the Weſt by the Adriatike fea: on the Eaſt, by the Thracian
fea, and Mare Agenm: on the South, by the maine Medi-
thor
B 3
icrasa
. De Græcia. HQ
teran ſea. This contained in old timefoure ſpeciall parts: Pea
loponneſses, Acbaia, Macedonia,and Epirus.
ple
Peloponneſus,whichis now called Morea,is the South part
of Grecia, being Peninſula, or almoſt an Iland:for that it is
ioyned by a litle ſtraight called Iſthmos,ynto the reſt of Gre-
cia. Hereinſtood Sparta, and the auncient ſtate of Lacede-
mon. Onthe Iſthmos or ſtraightſtood the famous citie of Co.
rinth, which was in old time called the key of Greece.si
On the Weſt ſide of Grecia, next to Peloponneſus,ftood the
kingdom of Macedonia:ſo famous vnder Philip for conque-
ring al Grecia:andvnder Alexander, forvanquiſhing almoſt
al the Eaſterne world:and for taking ofthe Monarchy from
the Perſians:and remouing it to the Macedonians also
On the North-ſide of Macedonia being the North-weſt
from Greciaſtood the little kingdome of Epirus:where raig.
ned Scanderbeg, which was in his time ſo great a ſcourge
to the Turke. Snarlo solo ribotnicazioninge
br The reſt of Grecia was called Achaia, having on the
North and Eaſt part thereof Thracia, on the North Hemus.
the hillon the Weſt Macedonia and Epirus, on the South
Peloponneſus, on the Eaſt thoſe feas which diuide Aia the
lefle froin Grecia. In this parc ſtood Theſſalonica, to the which
S.Paule wrote his Epiſtle ; and Athens, and Thebes, and all
the Cities of Boetia,and the Cities of the Achai, Argos, Elis,
and matly other, mblor bolsa come
Macedonia is by the beſt Writers and by auncient de-
fcription rather found to ſtand on the North-fide of Achaia,
neere to the hill Heness, and to Thracia, though foncinig-
norance haue taught the contrarie. ivaid lid sed vari
In this countrie of Grecia were in auncient time manie
Kingdoms and States, as at this day there are in Italie : as the
Macedonians, the kingdome of Epyrus, the State of Athens,
the gouernment of Sparta,the citie of Thebes, and very ma-
ny other places:in ſo much that almoſt euery towne had a
peculiar gouernmét. But now it is all vnder one Monarchy.
From

DOO

De Græcid. Ne
From Grecia, in olde time,did almoſt allfamous things
come. Theſe were they that made the
warre againſt Troy;
that refifted Xerxes the mightie king of Perſia; that had the
famous Law-inakers; as Solon in Athens, and Licurgus in
Lacedemon; that tooke away the Monarchie from the Perſi-
ans; that brought forth the fainous Captaines, as Themiſto-
cles, Miltiades, Alexander, and many other that were the
authours of ciuilitie ynto the Weſterne nations, and to ſome
in the Eaft; as Afix the leffe , that gaue to Italie and to the
Romanes the firſt light of learning becauſe from them a-
toſe the firft Poers,as Homer,Hefiodus:Sophocles, and di-
uerfe other; the great Philoſophers, namely, Socrates, Plato,
Ariſtotle and all the Sects of the Academicks, Stoicks, Peri-
pateticks,Epicureans, and almoſt all theirſchollers; the great
Oratours, Demoſthenes, and Efchines, and in one worde
(the Mathematiks excepted, which came rather from the
Caldeans and the Egyptians the whole flower of Artes and
good learning.ogonistisindobain
Hodobancome obit
me On the North-eaſt part of Grecia ftandeth Thracia,
which though heretofore it hath beene diſtinguiſhed, yet
now it is accounted as the chiefe parcof Greece. Heere on
the edge of the ſea-coalt,verienceevnto Afía, ftanderh the
citie called Bizantium.but fince Conftantinople;becauſeCon-
ftantine the great did new build it, and made it an imperiall
citie. This was the chiefe rcfidence ofthe Emperour of Gre-
cia,ſometimes called new Rome,and the gloric of the Eaſt;
where the generell Councell was once affembled and one
ofthe feas ofthe Patriarkes : who was called the Patriarke
of Conſtantineple. But by the great diſcord of the Chriſtians,
all Grecia and this City is fallen into the hands of the Turke:
who nowe makethit his place of imperiall abode.. It was
wonne in the time of Conſtantine thelaft Emperour:ſo that
by Conſtantine is obtained his honour and by Conftantine
it loftit. In this citie liech refident with the Turkean Embaſ
ſador or Agencforthe Qucene of England. The Chriſtians
34
that
De Mari inter Europam,de.

that doe liue now in Grecia are in miſerable fernitu devnto
the Turke. They diſagree in many things from the doctrine
of the Church of Rome. Ilgim od 219Xbohonanda
sampul be
inclodas sarun wome
De Mari Europam & Aſiam homi
interiacente.
[Tis faide before, that on the North-part betweene Aſia
and Europe the riuer Tanais doth runne as a bounde of
them both. lm gaima! 10 adgil Am
22
This riuer runnechinto a Lake called Meotis palus, which
bordereth on the confines of Scythia,or Tartaria.
Son
This Meotis doth disburden it felfe into a wide ſea cal-
led Pontus Euxinus. Hoclobna en
oso .
At the mouth ofchis fea, is a verie great ſtraight, knowne
by the name of Thracies Boſphorus where the breadth of the
fea is not aboue one mile
ſeuering 4 is and Europe. On the
ſide of Europe ſtandeth Conſtantinople: on the fidc of A-
fia,a Citic called Pera, which forthe neatcneffe, is by ſome
reckoned a part of Conſtantinople. uobis
no After this ſtraight, the ſea openeth it felfe morc large
towarde the South: and is called by the name of Propontus.
Burthen it gooweth again into another ſtraight, which they
write to bee in bredth abouttwo miles. This is called Hele
de pontus, hauing on the one ſide Abidus in Afia , and on the
other ſide Certus,on the ſide of Europe.com)
This is that place, where Xerxes the great King of Per-
fia did make his bridge ouer the ſea : ſo much renowmedin
auncient hyſtories, which was not iinpoffible , by reaſon of
the narrowneffe: the foundation of his bridge being reſted
onſhips. Here alſo may appcare the reaſon of that ſtoric
of Leander and Hero : which Leander , is reported for the
loue ofher, to haue oftentimes ſwoom ouer the ſea , till at
lalt he was drowned. hivbilo oil otiloits
From this ſtrait Southward, the ſea groweth more vide,
and

De Afia,& primo de Tartaria.
and is called afterwardes by the name of Mare ageum, andr
fo diſcendeth ynto the full Mediterran,
De Alia, & primo de Tartaria.
N the North-ſide of Aſia, ioyning vnto the dominion
called Scythia: the bounds whereof did then extend them
ſelues into a good par of Europe, and thereof was called
Scythia Europhea; but the greateſt parte ofitlyeth in Aſia :
A mightie large countrie, extending it felfe from the North
to the yttermoſt fea. On the Eaſt, to the dominion of the
great Cham, or Prince of Cathaio, on the South,downic to
the Mare.Caſpium.
The Tartarians which nowe inhabiteit, are men of great
ftature, rude ofbehauiour, no Chriſtians, buc Gentiles: nei-
ther doc they acknowledge Mahomet. They haue fewe or
no Cities among them: but after the manner of the olde
Scythians, doe liue in wilderneſſes :lying vnder their cartes,
and following their droaues of catreil, by the milke where-
ofthey doe nouriſh themſelues. They lowe no corne at all,
becauſe they abide not long in any one place : but taking
their direction from the North-pole-Itarre, they remooue
from one coaſt of their countrie vnto an other.
The countrie is populous : and the men are great warri-
ors :fighting alwayes on horſebacke with their bowe and
arrowes, and a ſhort ſworde. They haue among them infi-
nite ftore of horſes: whereof they fell many vnto the coun-
tries adioyning. Their ordinariefoode in their warres, is
horſefleſh, which they vſe to eaterawe, being chafed a lit-
tle by hanging at their faddle. trzogibid
They haue great warres, with the countries adioyning:
but eſpecially with the Moſcouite, and ſometimes with the
Turke. From hence came Tamberlane, who brought feuen
hundreth thouſands of the Tartarians at onceinto the fielde:
wherein he diſtreſſed and tookc priſoner, Baiazet the
great
blom
C
Turke:

De Afía, co primo de Tartaria.
Turke; whome he afterwardes forced to feede as a dogge
vnder his table. They haue now among them, many prin-
çes and gouernours, as thoſe haue one, whome they call the
Crim Tartars: and thoſe haue another, which are the Tar-
tars of Nagaia, and ſo diuers other.
- The Engliſh haue laboured to their great expences, to
finde out the way by the North Seas of Tartaria, to goein-
Cathaio and China. But by reaſon of the frozen ſeas, they
haue not yet preuailed. Although it be now reported, that
the Fleinmings haue diſcouered that paffage: which is like
to be to the great benefitc of the Northerne partes of Chri-
ſtendome. Bolo no idolo goriato D8979
De Cathaio, & China. Tot
omglon De Carna
(Ext beyond Tartaria on the North-eaſt parte of Aſia,
to
.
boundes whereof extend themſelucs on the North, and
Ealt, to the yttermoſt ſeas, and on the South to China. The
people are not much learned, but more ciuill then thel Tane.
tars, and haue good and ordinario trafique with the coun
tries adioyning. This countrie hath in it mariy Kings, which
are cibutaries, and doe owc obedience voto one, whome
they call the great Cham or Cene of Kathaia : who is the
chiefe gouernour of all the land: and eſteemed for multi-
tude of people, and largeneſſe of Dominion, to be one of
the great Princes of the world: but his name is the leffe fa..
mous: for that he lyeth ſo farre diſtant from the beſt natit
ons: and the paſſage vnto his countrie is ſo daungerous, ey-
ther for the perils of the ſeas, or for the long ſpace by land:
his chiefe imperiall Citie is called Cambalu. greidols
: On the South-fide of Kathaie, and Eaſt parte of Aſia
next to the fea, lyeth China. The people whereof, Oſorius
deſcribeth by the name of Sine; and callech their countrie
Sinarum regio. This is a fruitfull countrie, and yecldeth great!
Store of ritch commodities as almoſt any countrye in the
worlde.

Dé Cathaio, & China.
worlde. It containeth in it very many ſcuerall kingdomes,
which are ablolute Princes in their States. The chiefe cittie
in this countrie is called Quinſay, and is deſcribed to be of
incredible greatneſſe, Such a citie as were wont to bee in
anncient time in the Eaſt: as Babylon, Nilus,and other. This
couuerie was firſt diſcouered by the late nauigation of the
Portugals into the Eaſt Indies.
The people of China are learned almolt in all Artes, very
skiifull workennen in curious fine workes of all ſortes : fo
chat no countric yeeldeth more precious marchandize then
the workemanſhip of them.one 17
They are great fouldiers , very politique and craftie, and
in reſpecte thereof, conteinning the wits of other: vfinga
Prouerbe, that all Nations doe ſee but with one eye: buc
that themſelues haue two. dot
Petrus Matheus hiſtoriographer to the King of Spaine
for the Eaſternc Indies, doth reporte of them: that they
haue had from very auntient time anong them: thefe two
things, which we holde to be the miracles of Chtiſtendome,
and but lately inuented. The one is the vſe of guns for their
warres,& the other is printing: which they vſe not as we do,
writing from the left handvnto the right or as the Hebrewes,
and Sirians ; from the right handvnto the left : but downe-
ward directly:& fo their lines at the top to begin againe.
De India orientali.
O
N the South-fide of China, toward the Molucco I-
lands, and the Indian ſea, lyeth the great
countrie of
India:extending it felfe from the South-eaſt part of the con-
tinent by the ſpace of many thouſand miles weſt-ward ynto
the riuer Indus, which is the greateſt riuer in all that coun-
trie, except Ganges, one of the greateſt riuers in the world,
which lyeth in the Eaſt-part of the fame Indies. This is that
countric, ſo famous in ancient time for the great riches ther-,
of, forthe inultitude of people, for the conqueſt of Bacchus
so
C 2
of
ower

Defndia orientali.
ouer it, for the paſſage thither of Alexander the
great
through all the length of Aſia : for his aduenturing to goc
into the South Ocean with ſo mightie a Nauic, which fewe
or none had euer attempted before him. GO
2. This countric had in auncient time, many abſolute king-
domes and princes; as in the time of Alexander,Porus, Taxi-
les, and diuers others. In it were inany Phyloſophers, and
men of great learning: whome they called Gymnoſophiſte,
ofwhome was Calanus, who burnt himſelfe afore Alexan-
der. The men of the South-parte of India are blacke, and
therefore are called men of Inde. The cattle of all fortes that
are bred there, are of incredible bignes, in reſpect of other
countries: as their Elephants, Apes, Munkies and ſuch like.
The riches hercof hath bene very great with aboun-
dance ofgolde: infomuch, that the Promontoric, which is
now called Malacha, was in times paſt named Aurea Cher-
foneſus. The coinnioditie of ſpice is exceeding great that
commeth from thence. The Portingales were the firlt,
which by their long nauigations beyond the Equino&tial,
and the farthermoſt parte of Africa, haue oflate yeares dif-
couered theſe countries of India. As heretofore of the King
of Portingale : ſo now of the King of Spaine, who is repu-
tedowner of them.
The Portingales did finde diuers ſmall kingdomes at
their firſt arriuall in thoſe partes, as the king of Calicut, fró
whence commeth our Calicut linnen : the king of Cam-
baia , the king of Cananor, the king of Cochin, and ve-
ry meny other; with whome, they firſt entring league for
trafique, and hauingleaue given to build Caſtles for their
defence, they haue fince by policie, encroched into their
handes a great parte of the countrie which lyeth neare vnto
the fca-coaſt, and are mightie now, for the ſpace of inany
thouſand miles together. The king of Spaine hath there a
viceroye; whoſe refidence, is commonly in the Imperiall
citie called Goa. They doc cuery yeare fend home great
ſtore

De Perſia.
Itore ofriche commodities into Spaine. toleo
The people of the countrie when the Portingales came
firſt thither, were for the moſt part Gentiles: beleeuing no
one God. But the Saracens, who reuerence the Prophet
Mahomet,from the baies,or gulfes of Perſia,and Arabia,did
trafique much thither:ſo that Mahomet was known among
them. But in one towne called Cranganor, they founde di-
uers Chriſtians,difſenting in many things from the Church
of Roine, and rather agreeing with the Proteſtants: which
Chriſtians had reteined by ſucceſſe their religion, from the
time of Thomas the Apoſtle: by whom it is recorded by the
auncient Eccleſiaſtical hiſtorie part of India was conuerted
2016 De Perſia.
ris
osobne
T
Here be diuers countries betweene India and Perſia:
but they are not famous . Perſia is a large countric
which lieth farre Welt from India, it hath on the North Al-
firia,and Medie: on the Weſt, Syria, and the Holy land : but
next vnto it Mefopotamia : on the South, the maine Ocean,
which enterech in notwithſtanding, by a bay called Sinus
Perſicus.
boroutada
This is that countrie, which in auncient time was ſo re-
nowined for the great riches and Empire thereof. Theſe
were they,who took from the Aſſyrians the Monarchie, and
did ſet vp in their countrie, the ſecond great Empire: which
beganne ynder Cyrus:and continuedvnto Darius:who was
ouerthrowne by Alexander the great
. In this Countrie
raigned the great Kings:Cyrus, Cambiſes, Darius the fonne
of Hiſtaſpes, the great Xerxes, Artaxerxes,and in any other':
which in prophane writinges are famous for their warres
againſt the Scythians, Ægyptians , and Gracians, and in the
Scripture, for the deliuerie of the lewes from Babylon by
Cyrus; for building of the ſecond Temple at leruſalem:and
for manie things which are mencioned ofthem in the Pro-
WIEC
is
phecie of Daniel.
The
C 3

De Perfia
The people of this nation, althongh they were in former
times very riotous,by reaſon of their great wealth:yet after
that they loſt their Monarchy by the Macedonians they have
growne grcat couldiers : and therefore as they euer did
ſtrongly defend themſelues againſt the Ronianes : ſo in
the time of Conſtantine, and the other Emperours: they
were fearfull neighbours to the Romane gouernment, And
oflate time,they hauie ſtrongly oppoſed themſelues agaynſt
thc Turkes,euer making their partie good with them. They
fight commonlie on horſe-back,& are gouerned as in tines
paſt,by a King: fonowe, by an abſolute ruler and mightie
Prince: whom they tearme the Shawe,or Sophie of Perſia,
He hath many countries, and finall Kings in Affyria, and
Media and the countries adioyning tributaries.
The Perſians are all ac this day Sarazens in religion, be-
decuing on Mabomet : but as Papiſts and proteſtants do dif-
for in opinion concerning the fame Chrift:fo do the Turkes
and Perſians abont their Mahomet : the one purſuing the
ether as heretikes with inalt deadly hatred. In ſo much that
there be in this reſpect almoſt continuall warres betwcene
the Turkes, and the Perſians.
de De Parthia, & Media.
O
N the North-eaſt ſide of Perſia , lieth that countrie,
Arach, ofwhoſe great warres with the Medians, or Arme-
nians,or Romanes,in Tacitus, and ancient hiſtories are true.
The countrie boundeth on Media by the Weſt, which was
in auncient time very full of people, whoſe fight as it is very
much on horſ-backe, ſo the manier ofthem continually was
for to giue anonſet, and then to runnc their wayes:bur to re-
curne againe like to the wilde Iriſh, ſo that no man was fure
when he had obtained any victorie cuer them.
Theſe were the
people that gaue the great ouerthrow to
that rich Marcus Craffus of Rome,who by reaſon his coue-
toufnefic

De Partbid, Media.
touſneſfe,intending more toʻkisgettingof gold,then to the
guiding of his armie,was flaine himſelfe, & many thouſands
ofthe Romanes. The Parthians with exprobration of his
thirft after mony,powring molten gold into his mouth after
he was dead. Againſt theſe,che great Lucullus fought many
battailes: but the Romanes were neuer able to bring them
quite in fubicction, pleciomsManid onto ideia
Onthe Welt-fide of Parthia (the Mare Caſpiumbeing on
the North." Armenia on the Weſt, and Perſia on the South)
Herelieth that country which in times paſt was called Me:
dia, but now Shiruan,or Seruan:which is at this day gouer-
ned by many inferiout Kings and Princes which are tribu-
taries, and do owe ſubiection to thc Sophy of Perfia. So that
he is the loueraigne Lord of all Media, as our Engliſh men
haue found:who paſſing through the dominion of the Em-
perout of Ruſſia, haue croſſed the Mare Caſpirm, and mer
chandiſed with the inhabitants of this Media.
My
This Nation in former time was verie famous : for the
Medes were they that remoued the Empire from the Affi-
rians, vnto thein:which as in themſelues it was not great. So
when by Cyrus it wasioyned by the Perfians, it was verie
mightie, and called by the name of the Empire ofthe Medes
and Perſians. Here it was that Altyagės reigned, the grand-
father of Cyrus,and Darius of the Medes: the chiefe citie of
this kingdome , was called Ecbatana, as the chiefe citie of
Perſiazis Babylon. Tout vodiano
siis isste huo poil touitzicero libreewebsite
In sy a De Armenia & Aſſyria. Ils
bolico, lai
Nthe Weft ſide of the Mare Cajpiem, and of Media,
lieth a countrie called by a generall name Armenia,
which is by ſome diſtinctlie deuided into three partes: the
North part whereof being but little is called Georgia: the
nfiddle part Turcomania : and the thirde part, by the proper
name of Armenia: by which a man may ſee the reaſon of
difference in diucrs writers. Some ſaying that the countrie
C4
whence
O
De Armenia do Aſiria,

whence the Turkes fixlt came, was Armenia : foine fay
Turcomania:and ſome Georgia: the truth being, that out of
one,or all theſe countries they be diſcended. Theſe Turkes
are ſuppoſed to be the iſſue of them :whome Alexander the
great did ſhut vp within certaine mountaines neare to the
Mare Capium. Ide 94 99 ceniono tittad: plist
There is this one thing Memorable in Armenia :that af-
ter the great floud the Arke of Noy did reſtit lelfe on the
mountaines of Armenia: whereas Iofephus witneffcth, it is
to be ſeene yetto this day. The hils wheron it reltedare cal-
led by ſoıne Noe montes. The people of this Nation haue re-
tained anong thein the Chriſtian faith, as itis thought from
the time of the Apoſtles : but at this day it is ſpotted with
inany abſurdities. cibo Milclo bro Ionpituudleid
On the South parte of Armenia bending towarde the
Eaft,lieth the countrie of Affyria, which is bounded on the
Weſt with Mefopotamia. This country was that land, wher-
in the firſt Monarchie was fetled, which began ynder Ni-
muss, which
the Scripture calleth Nimrod:liuing not long af-
ter Noahs floud. And it ended in Sardanapalus:continuing
for the ſpace of a thouſand and three hundred yeares. The
King of this countrie was Senacharib,of whom we readein
the booke of Kings: and here raigned Nabuchadnezzer,
who tooke Jeruſalem,andled the Iewes away priſoners vn-
to Babylon.sessidad bollow.mobydiena
In this countrie, is the ſwift riuer Tygris, neare vnto the
which, was Paradiſe: vpon this riuer ſtoode the great cittic
Niniuie, called by prophane writers Ninus: which was al-
moſtofincredible bignes,and exceeding populous: but the
nearnefſe of the riuer,and maruailous fruitfulnes ofthe ſoile,
which Herodotus writech : did returne their corne fomc-
tincs two, fometimes three hundred folde, and did yeelde
fufficiencie for to maintaine it. This citie for a long time was
the imperiall feat of the Monarchie:but being deſtroyed,as
God foretolde it ſhoulde by the Chaldeans : the reſidence
of

De Caldea.
NA
of the king, was afterwards remoued ynto Babylon, a great
citie in Chaldea,firſt built by Semiramis.
De Chaldæa.
ext vnto Aſſyria,lieth Chaldæa:hauingon the Eaffide
Aflyria, on the Weſt Syria,or Palestina: on the North
Armenia : on the South the defart of Arabia. This countrie
is often called by the name of Meſopotamia, whichname ic
hath, becauſe it liech in the middle oftwo great riuers, Ty-
gris,and Euphrates: it is called alſo by the name of Babilonia,
which word of it felfe properly taken, doth ſignifie only that
part ofthe countrie which ſtandeth about Babylon.
The chiefe citiehereof was Babylon, the ruines where-
of doe remaine to this day. It was a rich and most pleaſant
citie for all kind of delight: and was the imperiall citie of
the Affyrians.where Nabuchadneffar, and other their great
kings did lie. It was to this citie, that the children of Iſrael
were caried captiues: which thereof was called the capri-
uitie of Babylon.The kings of Perſia did alſo keepe their re-
fidence here: it was built vpon che riuer Euphrates, fome
part ofitftandeth on the one ſide, and ſome on the other :
hauing for the foundreſſe, Semiramis,the wife of Ninus.
It is ſuppoſed by Diuines, that in this Meſopotania, be-
tween the riuer Tygris & Euphrates, Paradice did ſtand:this
was the country wherin Abraham the Patriarke was borne:
vnto the which the Romanes could very hardly extend their
dominion.For they had much to do to get any ſuch gouern-
ment of any thing beyond the riuer Euphrates. From this
people it is thought that the wiſe men came, which brought
preſents ynto Chriſt, by the guiding of a ſtarre.
For as in India and all the Eaſtern parts, ſo eſpecially in
this countrie,their Noble men and Priestes, and verie ina-
nie people, doe giue themſelues to all Artes of diuination:
Here were the great Southſayers, Enchaunters, and wife
men, as they call them: here the firſt Aſtrologians,which
D
re

De Afia minori.
are fo deſcibed and derided in the Scripture : and agaynft
the inhabitants of Babylon and Chaldæa were the lawes of
the Romanes made, againſt deuining Mathematicians:
who in Tullie de Diuinatione, & Cornelius Tacitus, as alſo in
the lawes of the Emperours, are ordinarily called by the
name ofChaldeans: and in deede from theſe,and from the
Egytians is ſuppoſed to haue {prung the firft knowledge of
Arronomie.
De Afia minori,
countrie which is now called Karolia:but in times paſt
Aſia minor, hauing on the North-ſide Pontus Euxinus ,on the
Weſt, the Hellefpont, and on the South, the maine Mare
Mediterraneum. In the auncient writers, both of the Græ-
cians, and of the Romanes, this is oftentimes called by the
fingle name of Aſia,becauſe it was beſt knowne ynto them,
and they were not ſo much acquainted with the farther
places of Aſia the great. Toard.de
This countrie in generall, for the fruitfulneſſe of the
land ſtanding in fo temperate a Climate, and for the con-
uenicncie of clic Sea euery way, and ſo many good hauens,
hath beene reputed alwayes a veric commodious and plea-
furefull countrie. It is wholic at this day vnder the Turke.
The mountaine Taurus goeth along from the Weſt, ynto
the Eaft part of it.
lain
- The greatneſſe of it is ſuch, that it hath comprehended
many kingdomes and great prouinces,beſide cities of great
fame. On the Sonth-caſt part thereof neare Palæſtina, ly
ech Cilicia: the chiefe citie thereof is Tarſus, the countrie
of Saint Paul : the place whither Salomon fent for great
itore of his golde, and prouiſion for the Temple , whither
Ionas alſo fled, when he ſhould hane gone to Niniue. In the
Araites of this Cilicia, neere to the mountaine Taurus, did
Alexander giue the great ouerthrowe in perſon to Darius,
in

De Afra minori.
in theioyning oftheir firſt battaile. pita orico
Weſtward from Cilicia, Iyeth the prouince called Pam-
philia: wherein ſtanderhthe citie Seleuciz, built by Scleucus,
one of the foure great fucceffors of Alexander the great.
Onthe Welt of this Pamphilia, extending it felfe euen to
the ſea,is Lydia, where reigned fometiine Cralus, who was
fo renowned for his aboundant riches. Herein ttandeth as a
Sea-rowne, Halicarnaſſus the countrie of Herodotus, and of
Dionyſus, who wrote the Romane Hiſtorie : whịch cittie
was fonetimes a kingdome, as in the time of Xerxes : to
whoſe aide againſt the Græcians , did goe Artimiſia, the
Queene of Halicarnaffe , and here raigned Ada another
Queene, in the time of Alexander the great. abans
Vpon the ſca-coaſt, Northward from Lydia, ſtandeth die
uers of thoſe cicies,vnto the which, John in his Reuellation
did write his feuen Epiſtles,as Smyrna, Pergamus ,Sardis,and
Epheſus: but other of them, as Lłodicia, Philadelphia, Thia-
tra, doe ſtandinore in the inland.
Sardis was a citie of great pleaſure and profite: which is
that place, the winning whereof by the Greekes did ſo dilo
pleaſc onc of the kings of Perſia;that he cauſed it cuerie day
at dinner to be reinėmbred ynto him, that the Græcians had
taken Sardis: and that he muſt not ceafe till he had rccoue-
redit againe. molodtan
Epheſus was one of the moſt famous cities of the worlde,
the greateſt glorie whercof did arife by reaſon of the moſt
magnificent Temple of Diana, which was at Epheſus : to
the building whereof all Aſia the leffe didverie bountifully
contribute. odolnostol
It is reported to haue beene two hundred yeeres in buil-
ding:and at ſeuen ſeuerall times as otherwiſe, fo e peciallie
by lightning, to haue bin fet on firebuit the final deftruction
of it was by a baſe perſon named Heroftratus: who of pura
pofe ſet it on fire, to inake himſelfe famous.
More Northward toward the Sea-coaft lyech Phrygia,
to
D 2
which

De Afiaminori.
which was the countrie from whence the Goddeffe called
Bona Dea,or Pefinuntia ,and Cybile was brought to Rome.
In this countrie liued Gordius, who knit that knot that Alex-
ander cut:hoping thereby to obtaine (as an oracle had fore-
tolde)the whole
kingdome of Aſia. In this countrie ſtoode
Troy,the ſiege whereof by the Græcians is made fo famous
by the Poetrie of Homer and of Virgilio conosa
Yet Northwarde from Phrygia lyeth the Countrie of
Bithynia, which was ſoinetimes a kingdome where Pru-
ſias raigned, that had ſo muchto doe with the Romanes. In
this countrie ſtandeth the citie Nicea, where the firſt
gene
rall Conncel was held againſt Arrius the Heretike,by Con-
ftantine the
great:
thereof called the Nicene Councell. Here
ftandech alſo Chalcedon, where the fourth general Councell
was held by the Emperour Martianus, againſt the heretike
Ncitorius.
2 oldigenouglein aitw bib
From Bithynia Eaſt-ward, on the North-fide of Aſia the
leffe,ftandeth the countrie of Paphlagonia, where was the ci-
tie built by Pompey the great, called of his name Pompeso-
polss.From thence Eaſtward, ioining to Arnienia,is the king-
dome of Capadocia,which bordereth on Arinenia:& North-
ward from thence, near to the ſea called Pontus Euxinus,lieth
the kingdoine of Mithridates:which was called Pontus. This
Mithridates had long warres with the Romanes, whoſe ſub-
jects he cauſed to be ſlaine all in one night throughout Aſia
the leffe. He was afterward ouerthrowne by Pempey the
great Romane. By him was inuented that preſeruatiue a-
gainſi poiſon, which of his name is called Mithridate. There
were alſo in Aſia the lefſe ſome other ſmall countries as GA-
fatia, Lycia,Cariaand ſome other.uita
De Syria, & Palaftina.
ninadeild
South
Outhward from Cilicia, and Aſia the leſſe, lieth Syria,cal-
led Paleſtina, hauing on the Eaſt Meſopotamia, on the
South Arabia, on the Weſt Tire and Sidon, and the endofthe
Mediterras
De Syria,& Palæſtina.

Mediterran ſea. The people of this Syria,were in times paſt
called the Aramites
. In their language is the tranſlation of
the new Teſtament called the Syriacke.
In this countrie ftandeth Antioch, which was ſometimes
one of the famous Patriarksſeas, and is a citie of reckoning
vnto this day. Here alſoitandeth now the Citie of Aleppo,
which is a famous Mart towne for the Marchandizing of
the Perſians , and other of the Eaſt, and for the Turkcs,
and ſuch countries as bee adioyning. Here ſtandeth alſo
Tripolis. wisho
The South part of Syria,lying downe toward Ægypt and
Arabia,was the place where the children of Iſrael did dwel;
beeing a countric but of ſmall quantitie, not in length two
hundren Italian miles: yet was ſo fruitfull, flowing with milk
and honie (as the ſcripture calleth it) that both it did main-
taine aboue thirtie kings and their people, before the com-
ming of the children of Iſrael out of Egypt; and alſo was fuf-
ficient afterwarde to relicue the incredible number of the
twelue tribes of Iſrael.
It was noted of this countrie, that whereas by the good-
neffe ofthe Climate wherein it ftoode, and the fertilitie of
the foile (but eſpecially by the bleſſing of God) it was the
moft fruitfullland that was in the world: nowe our travailers
by experience doe finde the countrie,in reſpect of the fruit-
fulneſte, to bee changed; God curfing the land, together
with the lewcs, the inhabitants of it. It is obſerued alſo
for all the Eaſterne parts, that they are not ſo fertile as they
haue beene in foriner ages. The earth as it were growing
olde, which is an argument of the diſſolution to come by the
day ofiudgement,
Through this countric doth runne the riuer Jordan,which
hath heretofore beene famous for the fruitfulneffe of the
trees ſtanding thereupon, and for the mildneffe of the aire,
ſo that (as Ioſephus writeth) when fnow hath layen in other
places of the land, about the riuer it hach bin ſo calme
that
D 3

De Syria, & Palæſtina.
that men did goe in ſingle thinne linnen garments.
In this countrieſtandeth the Lake called Lacus Aphali-
zes, becauſe of a kinde offlime, or Byrumen, which dayly, it
doth caſt vp, being of force to ioyne ftones exceeding faſt
in building. iti bilan ayotniti pro
This Lake isic, which is called Maremortuum, a Sea,be
cauſe it is ſalt and dead, for that no living thing is therein:
the water whercofis ſo thicke, that fewe thinges will finke
therein: infomuch, what Ioſephus faith, that an Oxé hauing
all bislegges bound, will not finke in that water,
br The nature of this lake was turned into this qualitic, when
God did dettroy Sodome and Gomorra, and the
cities adioy-
ning with fire and brimitone from beauen: for Sodom and
the other cities did ſtand neare vnto Iordax, and to the Man
re mortuum: for the deſtruction of whoine, all that coalt to
this day is a withes: the earth linelling of brimſtone, being
defolate, and yeelding no fruite ſauing apples, and ſuch,
which growing with a faire ſhewe to the eye lyke other
fruite : affone as they are touched, turne preſently to alhes:
as beſides Ioſephus , Solinus doth witnes. lo boom
The land of Paleſtina had for inhabitants all the twelue
tribes of Iſraell, which were under one kingdome, till the
time of Rehoboam the fonne of Salomon. But then were
they deuided into two kingdomes : ten tribes being called
Ifrael, and two being called Inda, whoſe chiefe Citie was
called Ieruſalem. Then the tribes after much Idolatrie, were
caried priſoners into Asſyria, and the kingdomc diffolued:
other people being placed in their roome in Samaria, and
the countrie adioyning.no
The other two tribes were properly called the Iewes,
& their land Iisdea, which continued long after in Ieruſalem,
and thereabout, till the captiuitie of Babylon : where they li-
ued for 70. yeares.They were afterward reſtored: but liued
without glory tillthe comıning of Chriſt.But ſince his time,
for a curle vpon them and their children, for putting Chriſt

De Syria, & Palæſtina.
to death they are ſcattered vpon the face of the earth as run-
nagates, without certaine countrie, King, Prieſt,or Prophet,
In their chiefe Citie 'Teruſalem was the Temple of God,
firſt moſt gloriouſly built by Salomon, and afterwarde de-
ftroyed by Nabuchadnezzer. By the commaundement of
Cyrus King of Perſia , was a fecond Temple built', much
more baſe then the former : for beſides the pcuertie, and
ſmalnefie of it, there wanted fiue thinges which wercin the
former, as the Iewes write. Firſt the Arke of the couenant:
Secondly, the pot of Manna: Thirdly, the rod of Aron:
Fourthly, the two tables of the laws written by the finger of
God: and fiftly, the fire for the ſacrifice which came downe
from heauen. Herod the great,an Edonite ſtranger, hauing
gotten the kingdome , contrary to the lawe of Moſes, and
knowing the people to be offended therewithall, to pro-
cure their fauour,
did build a third Temple,much more glo-
rious then the ſecond, which was that Temple wherein our
Sauiour Chriſt and his Apoſtles did teach.
The Citie of Ieruſalem was twiſe taken, and vtterly laid
deſolate: firſt by Nabuchadnezzer at the captiuitic of Batz-
lon: and ſecondly after the death of Chriſt by Veſpatian the
Romaine ( who firſt began the fiege ) and by his ſonne Ti-
tus, who was afterward Emperour of Rome : who brought
fuch horrible deſolation on that Citie, and the people there-
of by fire,ſworde, and famine that the lyke hath not bin read
in any hiſtorie. He did afterward put thouſands of them on
ſomeone day, to be deuoured by the beaſtes, which was a
cruell cuſtome of the Romainc magnificence.
After this dcftruction, the land of Iudæa, and the ruines of
Ieruſalem, were poffefled by fome of the people adioy-
ning, till that aboute too.yeares fince,the Sarazens didin-
uade it : for the expelling of whome from thence, diuers
Frenchmen, and other Chriſtians , vnder the leading of
Godfrey of Bullen, did aſſemble themſelues: thinking it a
great ſhame, that the Holy land as they called it, the Citie
24
of

De Syria, & Paleſtina.
of Ieruſalem,and the place of the fepulchre of Chriſt, ſhould
be in the hands of the Infidels.
This Godfrey ruled in Ierufalem by the name of a Duke:
but his ſucceſſors after him for the ſpace offixe ſcore ycares,
called themſelucs Kings of Ieruſalem: aboute which time,
Saladine who called himſelfe King of Ægypt, and Aſia the
leffe,did win it from the Chriſtians:for the recouery where-
of, Richard the firft, King of England, together with the
French King, and the King of Cicilia, did goe in perſon with
their armies to Ierufalem: but although they wonne many
thinges from the infidels, yet the ende was, ,
that the Sara-
zens did retaine the Holy land.
The whole countric and citie of Icrufalem, are now in the
dominion of the Turke: who notwithſtanding for a great
tribute, doeth fuffer many Chriftians to abide there. There
are therefore nowetwo, or more monaſteries and religious
houſes where Friers doe abide, and inake a good commo-
ditie by ſhewing of the ſepulchre of Chriſt, and other monu-
ments vito ſuch Chriſtian pilgrims, as doe vſe fuperftiti-
cuſly to goe in pilgrimage to the Holy land. The King of
Spainc calleth himſelfe at this day, King of Ieruſalemn.
Obie
De Arabia.
Ext ynto the Holy land, lyeth the great countrie of A-
rabia, hauing on the North-parte Paleſtina, and Meſo-
potamia: on the Eaſt the gulfe of Perſia : on the South the
inaine Ocean of India or Æthiopia: on the Weſt, Ægipt,
and the great bay called Sinus Arabicus, or the redde ſea.
This countrie is deuided into three partes: the North parte
whereof, is called Arabia deferta; the South parte, which
is the greatelt, is named Arabia Felix, and in the middle
between both, which for the aboundance of Rockes and
Stones, is called Arabia Petrea, or Petroſa. The deferte of
Arabia is that place, in which God after the deliuery of the
Ifraelites from Egypt, by paſſing through the red ſéa, did
kcepe
Nobel

De Arabia.
keepc his people vnder Mofes for fortie yearcs, becauſe of
their rebellion, feeding them in the meane time with Manna
from heauen,& fometime with (vater miraculouſly drawne
out of drie rockes : for the country hathverie little
water, al-
moſt no trees, and is vtterly vnfit for tillage or corne. There
arc no townes nor inhabitants in all this defert : in Arabia
Perroſa are ſome, but not many. I za 2019X512 to besilo
Arabia Felix,for fruitfulnes of the ground, and conueni-
entſtanding euerie way towarde the lea, is one of the beſt
countries ofthe world but the principall cauſe why it is cal-
led Felix is for that it yeeldeth many things in aboundance,
which in other parts of the world are not to be had : as Fran-.
kincenſe eſpecially the moſt precious balmes, myrhe, and
many other, both fruits and ſpices, and it yeeldeth withall,
ftore ofſome precious ſtones. adagniysi Blioworoni
eslo This is that countrie wherein Mahomet wes borne, who
being of meane parentage, was brought vpin his youth in
the trade of merchandiſe ; but afterward ioyning himſelfe
with theeues and robbers his life was to rob fuchniarchants
as paſſed through Arabia; and to this purpoſe hauing gotten
togither many of his owne countrimen, he had afterwardes
a whole legion or more out of the Romane fouldiours: whọ
being offended with Heraclies the Romane Emperour, for
want of their pay,ioined themfelues to him.ſo that at length
hee had a great armie,wherewith heefpoyled the countrie
adioyning. 92 bor
and was daar
29 To maintaine his credit & authoritie with his ownemen,
he fained that he had conference with the holy Ghoft, ac
ſuch time as he was troubled with the falling ficknes, and
accordingly, he ordained a new religion,confifting partly of
Jewiſh ceremonies, and partly of Chriſtian doctrine, and
ſome other things of his owne inuention, that hee mightin-
fueagle both Iewes and Chriſtians, and yet by his own fancy
diſtinguiſh his followers from both. The booke of his reli-
gion is called the Alcoran The people which were bis Sec-
2015
E
taries
5

De Arabia.
taries, (whereas in deed they came of Hagar the handmaid
of Sara, Abrahams wife: and therefore ſhould of her be cal-
led Iſinaelites,or Hagarens) becauſe they would not ſeeme
to be come of a bond woman , and from him whom they
fuppoſe a baſtard:they terme themſelues Sarazens,as com-
ming from Sara, they are called by ſome writers Arabians
inſtead of Sarazens, their naine beeing drawne from their
firft countrie. Ruote brisio zon diote
In the connerie of Arabia ftandech a citie called Mecha,
whichisthe place where Mahomet was buried, and in re-
membrance of him there is built a great Temple: vnto the
which, the Turkes and Sarazens doe yearlie goe on pilgri-
mage, as ſome Chriftians do to the Holie land. For they ac-
count Mahomet to be the greateſt Propher that euer came
into the world :ſaying that there were three great Ptophers
Moſes, Chriſt, and Mahomets and as the doctrine of Moſes
was bettered by Chriſt, fo is the doctrine of Chriſt anien-
ded by Mahomet
. In this reſpect, as we reckon the com.
putationofour yeares from the incarnation of Chriſt, ſo the
Sarazens account theirs from the time of Mahomet. The
Turkes, whoſe fame began now about two hundred yeares
fince, haue imbraced the opinions and the religion of the
Sarazens,concerning Mahomet. H diw bobutogrid
sig On the Weſt-fide of Arabia,betweene that,and Egypt,
lieth the gulfe called of the country,Simus Arabicus by ſome
Mere Erythrenm, but commonly the red Sea: not of one
Erythrus as ſome ſuppoſe; but becauſe the ſand and bankes
there-about are in colour red. This is that ſea, through the
which, by Moſes the people of Ilrael wereled, when they
Aed out of Egypt from Pharao: God caufng by his power,
,
the waters to ſtand on both ſides of them, which they paſſed
through as on drie land.
omot
Wa This is that ſea, through the which, the ſpices of the Eaſt
Indies were in times paft brought to Alexandria in Ægypt.
and from thence diſperſed into Chriſtendone by the Ve
291153
netians,

De Africa & Ægypto.
netians:which ſpices and Apothicarie drugs are found to be
far worſe then before time they were,by reaſon of the great
moiſture which they take on the water, by the long nauiga-
tion of the Portingales,by the backe part of Africa.
This is that ſea,through the which Salomon did ſend for
his golde,and other precious marchandiſe vnto the Eaſt In-
dies, and not to the Weſt Indies, as ſome lately haue diſpu-
ted.Whereout the vanitie of that opinion inay appeare, that
America and the Weſt Indies were knowne in che tiine of
Salomon : for if he had ſent thither, his courſe hadbeene a-
long the Med, and through the ſtraights of Gibraltar, com-
monly called Fretum Herculeum, between Spaine and Bar-
barie. But the Scripture telleth, that the nauie which Salo-
monſent forth, was built at Eſeon Gabar: which there alſo is
faid to ſtand on the red ſea:fo his courſe might be Eaſt-ward
or South-ward, not Weft-ward. To bar
ba In the deſert of Arabia is the Mount Horeb : which by
fome is fuppoſed to bee the fuc that is called the Mount
Sina: where manie thinke it was, that Abraham ſhoulde
haue offered vp his ſonne Iſaac: but it is certaine that it was
the place, where God in the Wilderneſſe, did giue vnto the
people of Iſrael his law of the ten commaundements, with
thundering, lightning, and earth-quake, in moſtfearefull
manner. Toto bonis bar
23h pidada
De Africa, & Egypto,
ÇRome Arabia,and Paleſtina, toward the Weft, lyeth A-
frica; hauing on the North-fide , from the one end of it
to the other, the Mediter.ſea. The greateſt part of which
countrie, although it hath beene geſſed at by writers in for-
mertime, yet becauſe of the great heate of it, lying for the
moſt parte vnder the Zona Torrida, and for the Wilderneſ-
ſes therein, it was in former times ſuppoſed by manie, not
to bee muchinhabited: but of certaintie by all;verie little
diſcouered; till the Portingales of late beganne chéir naui.
gation
Fri

De Africa & Ægypto.
gation on the backe-fide of Africa to the Eaſt Indies. So ex-
act a deſcription is not therefore to bee looked for, as hath
beene of Aſia and Europa. nico da caldwoonfliora
Ioyned to the Holy land by a little Ifhmos is the coun-
trie of Ægypt,whichis a land moſt fruitfull
, as any almoſt in
the world, although in theſe daies it doth not anſwere to the
felicitie of former time. This is it which in the time of Ioſeph
did relieue Canaan with corne, and the familic of Iacob,
which did ſo multiplie in the land of Ægypt that they were
growne to an huge multitude, when God by Moſes did de-
liuer them froin thence. This countrie did yeeld exceeding
aboundance of corne vnto the citie of Rome, whereupon
Ægypt, as well as Cicilia, was commonly called Horreum
populi Romani.
fludenwurants mom
11 It is obferued from all antiquitie, that almoſt neuer any
raine did fall in the land of Egypt: whereupon the raining,
with thunder, &z lightning and fire running on the ground,
was ſo much the more ftrange: when God plagued
Pharao
in the dayes of Moſes. But theflowing of the riuer Nilus
ouer all the countrie (their cities onely and fonie fewe hils
excepted) doth ſo water the earth, that it bringeth foorth
fruit abundantly. The flowing of which river yearly is one
of the grcareft miracles of the world, no man being able to
yeeld a ſufficient and aſſured reaſon thereof: although in
Herodotus, and Diodorus Siculus, many probable cauſes
and opinions are aſſigned thereof.
It is noted of this riuer if in ordinarie places it doe flow
vnder the height offifteene cubites, that for want of moy-
ſture the yeare is not fruitfull;andifit do flow aboue ſeuen-
tecne cubices, that there is like to bee a dearth,by reaſon of
the aboundance of the moyſture, the waterlying longer on
the land then the inhabitants do deſire. Montego
In Egypt hath learning bin very auncient.But eſpecially
the knowledge of Aftronomie and Mathematicks:whereof
before the time of Tullie, their Prieſts would report, thac
they

De Africa, & Ægypto.
DO
they had the diſcent for 1500. yeares exactly recorded,
with obferuation Aftrologicalls which as it is a fable,vnleffe
they doe reckon their yeares by the Moone ( as ſome ſup-
poſe they did euery moneth, for a yeare) ſo it doth argue
knowledge to haue bene among them very antient: their
Prieſtes had among them a kinde of writing, and of defcri-
bing thinges by pičture : which they did call their Hieron
glyphica. Toto 10
This intimes paſt was a kingdome, and by the Kinges
thereof were built thoſe great Pyramides, which were held
to be one of the feuen wonders of the world, being mightie
huge buildings, erected of exceeding height, for the mag-
nificence of their founders. Thercis part of two or three of
them remaining vnto this day. In Ægipt did ſtand the great
Citie Memphis, which is at this day called Cairo, one of the
moſt famous Cities of the Eaſt. Here did Alexander build
chat Citie,which ynto this day is of his name called Alexan-
dria, bing now the greateſt Citie of merchandize in all A-
gipt:: of which Ammiamus Marcellinus doth obferuć, that
there is neuer any day, or almoſt hath cuer bene: but that
once in that day, the Sun hath bene ſeene to ſhine ouer A-
lexandria. This Citie was one of the foure principall feas,
and remaineth fo atthistime.solboroba odotesw door
bi This countrie was gouerned by a King, as long agonie,
as almoſt any in the worlde. Here raigned Amafis, who
made thoſe good lawes ſpoken of by Herodotus , and Dio-
dorus Siculus, in whoſe writingsthe ancient cultomes of the
Ægiptians are worthie to be read. bns bonus
After Alexanders time, Prolomeus one of his captaines
had this kingdoine, of whome all his fucceffors were called
Ptolomeis, as before time all their Kings were called Pha-
rao. They continued long friendes, and in league with the
people of Rome, till the time of Iulius Cæſar : but afterward
they were as fubiccts to the Romaines, till the Empire did
decaye. Torrobov deyl bungaloog
To piss aborto
When
E 3

DeCyrere ca Africa minori.
When they had withdrawne themfelucs from the Ro-
maine gouerncinent, they ſet up a Prince of their owne;
whome they tearmed the Sultan, or Souldan of Agipt: of
whome, about 400.yeares finee, Saladine was one. But
when the race of theſe was out, the Mamalukes (who were
the garde of the Sultan, as the faniſaries to the Turke) ap.
pointed a Prince at their pleaſure, till that nowe aboute an
100. yeares agonc, or leffe, the Turke poffeffed himſelfe
with ſole gouernement of the countrie: ſo that at this day,
Ægipt is wholy vnder the Turke. otorid
orlaltd Store
There be Chriſtians thatuow liue in Ægipt, for their tria
bute ynto the Turke, as they doe now in Grecia.blind Sond
De Cyrene & Africa minori.se
N the Weſt-ſide of Ægipt, lying along the Mediter-
ran, is a countric which is called in olde time Cyrene :
wherein did ftand that Oracle which was fo famous in the
time of Alexander the great, called by the name of the
Teinple or Oracle of Iupiter Himmon: whither,when Alex-
ander did repaire,as to aske counſell.ofhimſelf and his fuc-
ceſſe, the Prieſts being before taught what they ſhould ſay,
did flattcringly profeffe him to be the fonne of God, and
that he was to be adored: fothat as the Oracle of Delphos;
and fome other were plaine deluſions of Satan, who did
Taignc in that darke time of ignorance , fo this of Iupiter
Hammon may be well ſuppoſed to bee nothing elſe but a
couſinagcofthe Prieſtesgisiw slow ni aibizanob
In this countrie and all neare aboute where the Oracle
toode, are very greanwilderneſſes: where did appeare to
Alexander, for foure dayesiourney, neither Graffe, Tree,
Water,Man, Bird,nor Bealt;bur onely a deep kinde of ſand:
ſo that he was inforced to carry water with him for himſelfe
and his company, and all other prouiſionon Camels backs.
At this day this countrie hath loft his olde name, andis rec-
koned as a parte of Ægipe , and lyeth ynderthe Turke.
Welt

De Cyrene & Africa minori.
oda Weſtward from hence, along the Mediterran, lycth the
countrie which in auntient time was called Africa minor :
for as in Afia one part aboue another was by an excellencic
called Aſia, or Aſiathe leffe: fo this parte of Afrike was ter-
med by the Romaines fometimes Africa fimply, ſometimes
Afrca the leffe. In this countrie did fand that place fo fa-
mous,inentioned by Saluſt:ynder the neme of Phileni Are,
which was the boundin that time, betweene Africa and
Cyrene. Tabell stora lo galego naiwniors
51 On the Notch and Eaſt parte hereof, in the ſea neare vn-
to the ſhore; was that quicke-fand, which in times paſt did
deſtroy ſo many ſhippes: and was called Syrtis Megna : as
alſo, on the North and Weft parte was the other ſand, cal-
led Syrtisparua. Some part of this countrie was heretofore
vnder the Sultaneof Egypt , whoſe dominion did extend it
felfe ſo far to the Weſt:& there it was deuided fro the king-
dome of Tunis: but it is now wholy vnder the Turke, and
is commonly reputed as a parte of Barbarie.For now by the
generall name, from the confines of Cyrene vnto the Welt,
as farre as Hercules his pillars, all the whole ſpace is called
Barbarie : though it conteine rin it diuers, kingdomes, as
Tunis, Feffa, and Marocco.sw otirls 99.80l hierozisid
ar De Mauritania Cæfarienfi. uss olid
Boabitat naungan 150 SD CIS Tomato
A?
Parte of that countrie , which by a generall name is
called at this day Barbary, hath in olde time bin cal-
led Mauritania, which was deuided into two partes: the
Eaſt part whereof next to Africa minor', was called by the
Romaines Mauritania Cæfarienſis, as the other was called
Mauritania Tingitana. In Manritania Cafarienfis was the
countrie of Numidia, the people whereof were vſed in the
Warres of the Carthaginians as light-horfe men l,and for
nimble feruices very actiueo riwon bastiodos sonri sundt
In the Eaſt-parte of this countrie ftanding in the Sea,
Was that famous Citie of Carthage, ſuppoſed to be built by
Dido,
184

De Mauritania Cefarienfi
Dido,who came from Tyrus. This Citie was it which for the
ſpace of foune hundreth yeares contended with Rome for the
Empire of the worlde. In the Romaine hiſtories are recor
ded three great warres which the people of Rome had with
the Citie of Carthage.asiontial nismo divdom
a) In the firſt of the three, their contention was for the Iles
of Cicilia, Corſica,and Sardinia: when the victorie fell to the
Romaines, and the Carthaginians were glad to redeeme
their peace with the leauing of thoſe Ilands. The ſecond
warre was begunne by Hannibal, who brake the league,
and after he had taken ſome parte of Spaine from the Ro-
emaines, and facked Saguntum, a citie of their friendes, came
firitouer the Pyrenie hills to France, then ouerthes Alpes to
Italie, where he ouerthrew the Romaines in three
greatbat-
tailes : and much endaungered their ſtarez he continuedin
Italie with his armie fixteene yeares: till Scipio attempting
lon Carthage, forced Hannibal to returnerò rcſene his owne
countrie. There was Hannibal ouerthrowney, and his Citie
put to a great penfion by Scipior who for his victorie there,
was nained Africanus.is Ilcanolligeid elusis lendas
In the third warre, becauſe the people of Cartharge ſtill
brake their leage,their Citie wasrazed to the very grounde,
by the earneft and continuall fute of Cato the elder, fearing
euermore ſo dangerous a neighbour, though Scipio Nafica
counſelled to the contrarie: fearing leaſt ifthe dread of that
enemie werc taken away the Romanes would grow eycher
to idlenes, or to ciuill diffenfion, which after they did. It is
reported of Cato, that he neuer ſpake his iudgement of any
thing in the Senate, but his concluſion was thus : Thns I
thinke for this matter, and withall, that Carthage is to be ra-
zed downe. And Scipio Nafica would reply in his conclu-
fion: Thus Ichinke of this matter, and withall, that Car.
thage is not to be razed downeauiba ytov 293iordl pidan
$ In this countrie towards the Weſt not far from Carthage
food Vtica, whereof the yonger Caco vyas termed Cato Vti-
cenſies

De Mauritania Tingitana.
cenfis, becauſe hee killed himſelfe there, in the ciuill warres
between Pompey and Cæſar: becauſe he would not come
within the handes of his enemie Cæfar. Not farre froin
thence Weſtwarde ſtandeth Hippon, which was the Citie
where S.Auften was Biſhop.This whole countrie at this day
is called the kingdome of Tunis the king whereof is a kinde
of Stipendarie vnto the great Turke. The people that in-
habit there are generally Sarazens, and do profeffe Maho-
mets religion.
odbo
De Mauritania Tingitana.
He other part of Barbarie that lieth along the Mediter-
ritania Tingitana. The people of which countrie were thoſe
which almoſt in all olde hyſtories were called by the name
of Mauri. Thoſe of the other Mauritania being rather ter-
med Numida. 016390
Into the Northweſt part hereofdid Hercules come and
there did ſet vp one of his pillars, which aunſwereth to the
otherin Spaine at the ſtraights of Gibraltar in times paſt cal-
led Fretum Herculeum. On the South part hereof lay the
kingdome of Bocchus, which in the time of Marius had fo
much to doe with the Roinanes. In the Weſt part of this
Mauritania,ſtandeth the hill called Atlas minor; and on the
South part is the great hill called Atlas maior, whereof the
maine Ocean which lieth betweene Mauritania and Ame-
rica, is called Mare Atlanticum. This hill is ſo high, that
vnto thoſe who ſtoode on the bottome ofit, it ſeemed to
touch heauen with his top: whereupon grew that fable of
the Poets, that Atlas was a giant, who helde vp heauen with
his ſhoulders.
This countrie hath beene long inhabited by the Sarazens,
who from thence, finding it to be but a ſhort paſſage into
Spaine,do goouer now ſeuen hundred yeers agone:and poſ-
Leffed there the kingdome of Granade on the South-ſide of
Spaine:

De Mauritania Tingitana.
Spaine : till they were thence expelled by Ferdinandusand
Elizabeth, or Iſabell, King and Queene of Caftile.povaod
In this countrie ſince that time, haue the Spaniards taken
fome citics and holdes : and ſo alſo haue the Portingales:
which by the diuers euent of victorie,haue often beene loft
and wonno by them.
Here it was that the Emperour Charles the fift had die
werſe of his great warres agaynſt the Moores, as well as in
the kingdome of Tunis For the affiftance of one, who
claimed to bee King of a part of this Countrie, did Seba-
ftian the king of Portingale goe with all his power into A-
frica in the yeare 1578. where vnaduifedly bearing him-
felfe, hee was ſlaine togither with two other, dying that
day, who claymed to bee Kings : fothat there it was, that
the battaile was fought: whereofit is ſaid, that thteckings
-dyed in one day: which battaile was the ruine of the king
doine of Portingale : and the cauſe of the vniging of it to the
Crownie of Spaine. Aftrologers did fuppoſe that the blazing
Starre which appeared the yçare before,did fignifie that ill
Bangi dosenice ditorio
This whole countrie doth containe init, beſides, fome
imperiall gouernment, two abſolute kingdomes: the one
the kingdome of Fezza, or Fes, which lieth on the North-
part toward the Mediter. and Spaine: the other is the kinge
dome of Marocco, which lieth from about the hill Atlas mia
nor, to the South and Weſt part of Mauritania. Theſe are
both Sarazens,as be alſo their people: holding true league
with the Turke; and wich ſome other Chriſtian Princes, a
league onely for trefique or Marchandiſes to
onder berlorganig aanwesbadeo Tols
De reliquis Africæ regionbius.id
odt mot
Rom beyond the hils Atlas maior, vnto the South of A.
frica is nothing almoſt in antiquitie worthy the reading,
cuent.
EL VOOR
maritimis. Consulte
FR
ang

De reliquis
. A fricæ regionibus marit.
and thoſe things which are written for the mot part are fa-
bles. In the new Writers there are fome few things to be ob-
{crued.As firſt, that all the people in generall to the South,
lying within the Zona torrida, are not onely blackiſh like
the Moores; but are exccedingly blacke.And therefore as in
olde time,by an excellencie, ſome of thein were called Ni-
grite , ſo that this day they were named Negros , 'as then
whome no men are blacker.idwisdod and to enter
Secondlythat the inhabitants ofall theſe parts whieh bora
der on the fea coaſt, een vnto Caput bone ſpei,haue beene
Gentilessadoring Images and fooliſh ſhapes, for their gods;
neitherhearing of Chriſt, nor beleeuing on Mahomet, till
ſuch time as Portingales comingin among chem, haute pre-
feffed Chriſt for themſelues; but haue wonne fewe of the
people to imbrace their religion. Thirdly, that the Portin-
gales paffing along Africa vnto the Eaſt Indies, haue fetled
thomſelues in many places of thoſe countries, building Ca-
Mes and towhes for theit owne ſafetie, and to keepe the
people in ſabiectibnto their great commoditic.fot sa s
1o One of the firſt countries famous beyond Marocco, is
Guinea, which we call Ginnie: within the compaffe vthereof
lieth the cape called Cape Verde: and the other
, the Cape of
the three points, and the towne and Cattle named Sierra
Liona, at which places commonly all trauailers doe touch
that doe paſſe that way, for freth water, and
other ſhippe-
prouifion. Our Engliſh men have founde trafique into the
partes of this countries where heinigreatelt.comiboditie
isgolde, and Elephantsteech : of both which there is very
good ſtore. Now adto sopa onduroModanio; zehn
sil: Beyond thartoward the South, not farvefron the equi-
no&tiall line, lyeth the kingdome of Congo commonlie
called Manicongo : Where the Portingales at their firſt
arriuall, finding the people to bee heathens withour God,
did induce them to a profeſſion of Ieſus Chriftrand ro bee
byptized in great aboundance , allowing of the principles
of

Dereliquis Africæ regionibus marit.
of religion: vntill ſuch time as the Prieſts did teach them to
leade their liues accordiug vnto their profeſſion: which the
molt part of them in no caſe enduring, they returned backe
againe ynto their Gentiliſme.
tt Beyond Manicongo, fo farre to the South as almoſt ten
degrees beyonde the tropicke of Capricorne, lyeth the
landes ende : which is a promontorie, now called by the
name of Caput bone ſpei: which Vaſcus Gama the Portin-
gale did diſcouer , and ſo called it: becauſe hee had there
good hope that the land did turne to the North and that fol.
lowing the courſe thereof, he might bee brought to Arabia,
and Perſia : but eſpecially to Calicut in India. Which courſe,
when himſelfe and other of his countrimen after hiin did
follow they founde on the coaſt vp towarde Arabia, the
kingdome of Mozambique, Melinde, Magadaxo,and other:
whoſe people were all Gentiles,and now are in league with
the Portingales : who hauc built diuerſe holdes for their
ſafetie : of which Countries and manners of the people,
he that lufteth to reade, may finde muchin the hyſtories
of Oforius, and Petrus Maffeus. But there is no matter of
any great importance. didivilla owibidwears)
2007 es todo su bus: bobollo apdirbosil
De Abiſsina,& imperio Pref-
tog byteri Iohannis.
nio porn
Indofo, ob dedi.
TNthe inland of Africalyeth a verie lårge Countrie, exa
Atending it felfe on the Eaſt to fome part of the reddeſea;
on the South to the kingdome of Melinde,and a great way
farther; on the North, ynto Egypt; on the Weſt vnto Manie
congo: the people whereofare called Abiſſini, and itſelfe, the
dominion of him, whom wee conimonly call in Engliſh
Prefter Iohn: but in Latine fome tearme him, Precious lo-
bannes , becauſe of hisriches; but in the moſt part: Presbiter
Iohannes : writing of him, that as he is a prince abſolute, fo he
hath alſo a Prieſtlike,or Patriarchall function & iuriſdiction
among

De Abiſinis,& Impe.Presbyt.Iohan.
among them. This is a very mightie prince, and reputed to
be one of the greatest Emperours ofthe worlde.
What was knowne of this countrie in former time was
knowne under the name of Æthiopia : but the voyages of
the Portingales in theſe late dayes haue beſt deſcribed it.
The people therefore are Chriſtians : as is alſo their prince:
but differing in many thinges from the Weſt Churrh: and
in noforte acknowledging any fupreme prerogatiue of the
Biſhop of Rome. It is thought that they haue retayned chri-
ftianitie, euen from the tiine of our Sauiour, being ſuppoſed
to bee conuerted by the Chamberlaine of Candace the
Queene of Æthiopia : who was inſtructed concerning
Chrift
, by Phillip the Euang.in the Actes of the Apoſtes.Eu-
ſeb. in his Ecclefiafticall ſtoric doth make mention of this.
But they doe to this day retaine Circumciſion: whereof the
reaſon may be, that the Eunuch their conuerter not hauing
any further conference with the Apoſtle, nor any elſe for
him, did receiue the ceremonies of the Church ynperfect-
ly, retaining Circumcifion : which among the Iewes was
not aboliſhed, when he had conference with Phillip.
-1 Within the dominion of Prelter Iohn are the mountaines
commonly called Lune montes, where is the firſt well-ſpring
and ariſing of the riuer Nylus:which riuer running violent-
ly along this countries and ſometimes haſtely increafing by
the melting of much ſnow from the mountaines, would o-
kuer-run and drowne a great parte of Ægipe: but that it is
flaked by many ponds, dams,& fluces, which are within the
dominion of Prefter lohn. And in reſpect hereof, for the
maintenance of theſe, the Princes of Ægipt haue paidynto
the gouernor of Abiſfines a great tribute time out of minde :
which of late the great Turke fuppofing to bee a cuſtome
needeleſſe , did denye': till the people of the Abilſmes by
commaundement of their Prince, did breake downe their
dammes, and drowning eÆgipt, did inforce the Turke to
continue his paye, and to giue much money for the newe
making

De Abißinis, & Imp.Præsbit.Iohan.
making of them very carneſtly, to his great charge, defi-
ring a peace.
hotos
* There be other Countries in Africa, as Agiſimba, Libia in-
terior, Nubiz, and other of whome nothing is famous. But
this may be ſaid of Africa in generall, that it bringeth forth
ſtore of all ſortes of wilde beaſtes,as Elephants, Lyons, Pan-
thers, Tigers, and the like: yea, according to the Prouerbe,
Africa ſempor aliquid apportet naui. Oftentimes newe and
ftrange ſhapes of bealtes are brought forth there. The rea-
fon whereof is, that the countrie being hot and full of wil-
derncfles which haue in then little water, the beaſtes of all
fortes are inforced to meete at thoſe fewe watring places
that be, where oftentimes contrarie kindes haue coniun-
&tion the one with the other : ſo that there ariſeth newe
kindes or ſpecies, which takech parte of both. Such a one is
the Leopard begotten of the Lyon , and the beaſtcalled
Dardus, fomewhat reſembling either of them. And thus
farof Africa.
botoi 527:
5T
De Inſulis feptentrionalibus.
THE
THellands that doellie in the North, are in number al-
moſt infinite: the chiefe of them onely ſhall be briefe
ly touched. Very farre to the North, in the fame clymate
ålmoft with Sweden that is vnder the very circle aretick, ly-
ech Ireland, called in olde time Thule, which was then ſup-
poſed to be the fartheſt parte ofthe worlde Northward, and
and therefore is called by Virgill, Vltima Thule: the coun
trie is celde, the people barbarous anditgecldeth little icon-
moditie ſkuing Haukes: in ſome parte of the yeare there is
no night at all. Southward from thence lyeth Frizeland,cal-
led in Latine Frizelandia, whereas the Frizeland ioyning to
Germanie, is in Latine called Frizia. On the coaſt of Gen-
manie, one of the feucnteene prouinces is called Zeland,
which containerhin it diuets Ilandes, in whome little is fa-
mous, ſauing that in one of thein is Vliſhing or Flufhinga
towne

Defnfulis feptentrionalibus.
towne ofwarre: and at Middleburg, in an other, a place of
good marte. The States of the Lowe-countries doe holde
this prouince vnited againſt the King of Spaine. Theſe Ilands
haue bene much troubled of late with inundation of waters.
The Iland that lyeth moft Weſt of any fame, is Ireland,
which had in it heretofore many kings of their owne; buc
the whole land is now annexed vito the crowne of England:
The people naturally rude and ſuperſtitious: the countrie
good and fruitefull: but that for want of tillage in diucrs
pleces, they ſuffer it to growe into bogges, and deſertes.
That is true of this countrie ( which Solinus writcth of fomc
other) that ſerpents and adders doe not breede here; and
in the Iriſh timber of certaine experience,no ſpiders webbe
is cuer founde.
The moſt renowned Iland in the worlde is Allion, or
Britannia; which hath heretofore contained in it many ſe-
uerall kingdomes; but eſpecially in the time of the Saxons.
It hath now in it the two kingdomes of England and Scor-
land: wherein are foruc ſeucralllanguages: that is, the Eng-
liſh, which the ciuill Scots doe barbarouſly ſpeake; the
Welſh tongue, which isthe language of the olde Britaines;
the Corniſh, which is the proper ſpeech of Carnerall; and
the Iriſh, which is ſpoken by thoſc Scots which live on the
Weft parte of Scotland nearc vnto Ireland. The commodi-
ties of England, and pleaſures are well knowne ynto vs,and
many of them may be expreſſed in this yerſe:
Anglia, Mons, Pons, Fous, Ecelefia, famina, lana,
This countrie, which in olde time was inhabited by the
Britaines, was entered vpon by the Romaines, firſt ynder
Iulius Cæſar, and was long by them keptin ſubiection: buc
it was an error in them, when they wrote that England
wcuid breede nor keepeno Wolfe.It was afterwarde cuer-
runne, and poſſeſſed by the Saxons: of whome, 7. kings
20

DeFnfulis ſemptentrionalibus.
at once did raigne here. After that the Danes out of Dene
marke did inuade it, and much moleft it. And laſtly, vnder
the leading of their Duke William, the Nermans did con-
quereit, and eſtabliſhed that gouernement, which to this
day doth continue. And from whome, as from the Conque-
rourour ordinarie computation is deriued. The Scots were
in times paſt a molt barbarous people, of whome Saint len
rome reportech: that he ſawe ſome of them in his time in
France to feede on mans fleſh. They were neuer wholy con-
quered by the Romaines,
There be very many little Ilandes adioyning vnto the
great Iland Britanie As at the very North-point of Scotland
the Orchades, which are in number aboue 30. The chiefe
whereof,isnamed Orkney: where the people are barbarous,
On the Weſt-fide of Scotland towardes Irelaud , lye the
Ilandes called Hebreides : where inhabite the people ordi-
inarily tearned the Redſhankes. Not farre from thence, is
the Ile Mona, cominonly called The Ile of Man. The pecu-
liar iurisdiction of the Earles of Darbie, with homage note
withſtanding referued vnto the crowne of England.
On the North-part of Wales, is the Iland of Angleſey:
which is reputed a diſtinct fhiere towardes France Gide: on
the South part of England, is the Ile of Wight: in Latine cal-
led Ve&tis : which is a good holde in the narrowe ſeas againſt
the French. More neare Fraunce, are the Iles of Garneſey,
and lerneſey, where they ſpeake French, and are vnder the
crowne of England. There be alſo many other, but of ſmall
accompt.
De Infulis in Mari Mediterraneum.
The
Here be many Ilandes in the Mediterran, renowned
in the olde writers: but the chiefe of them onely ſhall
betouched. From the pillers of Hercules going Eaſtwarde,
are two Ilands not farre from Spainé : which in times paſt
Wetc

De Inſulis, ca Mari Mediterraneo.
were called Inſule Baleares, for that the people oft then did
vſe, both for their delight and armour , Slings which they
continually almoſt carried aboute them. And whereunto,
as Plinie writeth : they did traine vp their children from
their yongeſt yeares. Not giuing them any mcate,till they
had from fonte Poft or Beame caſt it downe with a ſling.
Of theſe were thoſe Funditories, or Sling-caſters, which
the Carthaginians, and Spaniards did vſe in their warres a-
gainſt the Romanes. The leſſer of theſe which lieth moſt
Weſt,was called in olde tiine Minorica : and at this day Mi-
norica. The bigger which lieth more Eaſt,was called Meio-
rica : and now Maiorica. They are both ynder the dominion
of the King of Spaine.
More Eaſtward in the ſea called Mare Inferum, or Tyr-
rhenum, lieth the Iland of Corſica ouer againſt Genua, and
direct Southward from thence,lyeth the great Iland Sardi-
nia: Forthe quiet poffeffing of which two, the warres were
oftentimes reuiued betweene the olde Carthaginians and
the Romanes. For thefe two Ilands lie in the middle very
fit-
ly. For both theſe are alſo at this day vnder the King of
Spaine. And were the fanie which latelie the Cardinall of
Laurain would perſwade the old king of Nauarre in France,
that if hee woulde leaue his religion, and become a Papiſt,
the Spaniſh king fhould yeeld him either Sardinia,or at the
leaſt Corſica, in recompence of Pampilona : and the rest of
the kingdome of Nanarre , which the Spaniards by force
did detaine from him.
Farther yet to the Eaſt, at the verie poynt of the South-
part of Italy, lieth the great Iland of Sicilia, which ſome haue
fuppoſed to haue beene heretofore a part ofthe continent:
but by an earth-quake and inundation of water,to haue bin
rent off, and ſo made an Ileland.The figure of this Country,
is Triquetra,or triangle three-ſquare.
There was alſo great contention for the Countrie be-
tweene the Carthaginians and the Romanes: but the Ro-
manes

De Inſulis in Mari Mediterraneo.
inane.
manes obtayned it, and had from thence exceeding ſtore
of corne yearelie: whereupon,Cicilie was called Hosireana
P. Romani. Here ſtoode the goodly citie called Siracuſa,
which was deſtroyed and facked by Marcellus the Ro-
This was in times paſt a kingdom,where the two tyrants,
the elder and the yonger Dioniſius did reigne : where Hiero
alſo, that great friend to the Romanes did remaine. It was,
afterward made a prouince, and gouerned by a Prætor, or
Deputie of the Romanes: whercof, Verres was one fo in-
ueighed againſt by Tullie.It grew afterwards to be a king-
dome againe : infomuch, that Tancredus was King of Ciei
dia, who went to the taking of
Ieruſalem with Richard the fe-
cond, king of England. Here was likewiſe Phalaris the tye
rant fo fainous,king of Agrigentum.be
This Countrey is now aifo vnder the King of Spaine:
who among other titles, calieth himſelfe king of both the
Cicilies, reckoning this lland for one, and that part of Itañe
for another, which is nowe cailed Calabria : and was in the
Romane hyſtorics named Magna Grecia. There is nothing
more renowned in all Cilicia, either with the newe or olde
writers, then the mountaine Actna : which beeing on the
out-ſide ofté couered with ſnow,yet by a fulphurie,or brim-
ſtonie water, doth continuallie burne within: yea, ſo that
whereas it was ſuppoſed in the ages lait before ys, that the
matter beeing conſumed, the fire had ceaſed: twiſe in our
ageit hath broke foorth againe, to the intollerable loffe of
all the Countrie adioyning: the aſhes thereof, deſtroying
townes and fruites which were within the compaffe of mae
nie myles about.
This is that place whither Empedocles throwe him
felfe, that hee might bee repured a God. This is it whercof
Virgill dothinake his tract called Aenea, which the Poets
did report to be the ſhop of Vulcan:where the Cyclops did
frame the chunderbolts for Iupiter: and to conclude, this is
ic

Defnſulis in Mari Mediterraneo.
512
it which ſome ofour groſſe Papiſts hauc not feared to ima-
gine to be the place of Purgatorie.
Not farre South from (seslie, lieth the little Iland called
in old time Melte,whence thofe dogs come, which were ſo
much deſired ynder the name of Canes Melitenſes. This is
the countric where S.Paul was caſt vp, after his ſhipwracke
in his iourney to Rome : where the Viper hanged on his
hand, and did not hurt him. muid
This Countrie is now called Malta, and is one of the
places moſt renowined in the worlde, for the repelling of
the Turkes : when Soliman the Emperour of them , did
fend agcynſtit a moft mightie armie. It was then defen-
ded by thoſe, who are called the knights of Malta: which
by ſea, doc great ſpoile to the gallies of the Tuike that paffe
that way. 10
Ncare vnto Grecia and Peloponnefies: on the Weſt-lide
toward Italie, is rhe Ile Corcyra, nowe tearmed Corfue: and
not far South from that is Cephalonia, and from tñence South
is Zant:called by Virgill Nemoriſa Zazinthus : all which
Ilands haue beene heretofore ynder the Venitians : but are
now ynder the Turke.
In Zazinthus,our Engliſh marchants haue an houſe of a-
bode for their trafique. Southeaſt froin Morea, liech the
great Iland Creta, where Minos ſometime did raigne,fofa-
nious for his ſeueritie. This countrie was then called Heca-
tompolis,as hauing in it an hundred townes and cities.
The Turkes haue wonne this alſo long fince from the
Venetians : it is now called Candie , from whence commeth
our ordinarie fugar of Candie.Betweene Creta and Pelopora
meſus lieth Cythera , where was the fine Temple of Venus:
who thereofby the Poets, is called Cytherea.
The Ilandes are many, which doe lie in the ſea called
Mare Ageun from the bottome of Greece, vnto the top
of the Hellifpont : as all the Cyclades , Euboea, the great
Iland Samas and Chios, lo Scyra, where Achilles was borne,
G%
and

De Infulis in Mari Mediterraneo.
and was king of that countrie.There was alſo Leſbos,& Lema
nos, Metilene, and Ithaca,where Vliffes was king, and Andros,
whether Themiſtocles was ſent by the Atheniās for tribute :
of which places, ſomething may be read in the olde hiſtorie
of the Greekes: Diuers of theſe did ſtriue that Homer was
borne in them: but of certaintie , many of thoſe kinges
which Homer ſaith, came with Againemnon to the ſiege of
Troye: were kings but oftheſe ſmall Ilands.
Eaſtward from thence, not farre from ſome parce of Na-
tolia, or Aſia the lefſe, is the Iland Rhodus: the friendſhip of
the inhabitants whereof, was in auntient time very much
defired by the Princes that had to doe that way. So that A-
lexander firſt, and the Romaines afterwardes did embrace
their league.
Here was that huge and mightic image of the Sunne,
which was Choloſſus Rhodius,
This countrie was long defended by thoſe who were cal-
led the Knightes of the Rhodes, againſt the power of the
Turke; and it was a great bulwarke, to defend Chritten-
dome:till that in the yeare oncthouſand fiue hundred ewen-
tie andewo: Solimon the great Turke did winne it from the
Chriſtians by force. Froin thence Southward, is the Ile of
Carparhus: but in the farther end of the Eaſt parte of the
Mediterraneum is Cyprus, which about 300. yeares fince
was a kingdome,& did afforde great aide to the Chriſtians,
that went to conquer the Holy land: but it is now vnder the
Turke. The chiefe Citie thereof is Famaguſta, which is an
Archbiſhoppes ſea : for Chriſtians for their tribute doe
yet liue there. In this countrey in olde time was Venus
much honoured, and thercof it was called Cypria, as alſo
Paphia: becauſe ſhee had a Temple in a Citie there called
Paphos.. gia
Neare vnto Siria ſtood the land Tirus, againſt the pride
whereof, the Prophets doe fo much ſpeake. This was a
rich citie for merchandiſe and nauigation in olde time, and
is the

De Infulis in Mare Indico.
is the place from whence Dido and the builders of Carthage
did come.
The deſtruction of it is moſt famous by Alexander the
greate.
Of the reſt of the ſmall Ilandes, wee doc ſay no-
thing
Deinfulis in Mare Indico.
TH
He Ilandes are very many that doe lie in the ſeas ad-
ioyning to the Eaſt Indies : but the moft famous a-
mong them ſhall be touched. Among the olde writers, as
eſpecially appeareth by Sokinis,was well knowne that which
was then called Taprobana, which lieth vnder the Equino-
Etiall line. It was in that time Maonarchy,where the Kings
raigned, not by fucceffion, but by election:and if
any
of
them did grow intollerable, he was depoſed, and inforced
to die,with withdrawing from him all things neceſſary.This
is nowe called Sumatra, and hath in it diuers Kings.
Not far fro thence lye Eaſtward the two Ilandes called
Iana major, and laxa minor: which were alſo known to the
olde writers, they haue alſo in them diuers Kings, as in ge-
nerall may be noted that all the Eaſt part, either in the con-
tincnt, or in the Iland, haue very many ſmall Kinges and
kingdomes. From thence yet more Eaſt,lieth a great num-
ber of Iles, which are now called the Moluccoes, which are
places as rich for their quantity as anie in the world. From
theſe it is, that the Spaniards haue yearely ſo greate quanti-
tic of all kindes of ſpice: neither is there any place of all the
Eaſt Indies that do more richly furniſh home their caractcs
then do theſe Moluccoes.
Some of theſe Ilandes, the Spaniards hauc gotte into
their owne poffefſion : with the Kings of ſome other they
haue league and a third forte vtterly deteſt them. More
North-ward ouer againſt China, lieth a greate Iland called
lapona or lapan: the people whereof, are much of the ſame
nature with the men of China. This country was firſt diſ-
couered
G 3

DeFnfulis in Mari Atlantico.
couered by the Ieſuites,who in a blinde zeale haue traual
led ynto the fartheſt partes of the worlde, to winne menito
their religion; this Ilande is thought to beevery rich. The
relt that bee either neare vnto Aſia, or vnto Africa , bc
cauſe there is little written of them we paſſe ouer.
De Inſulisin Mari Atlantico.
T:
Here bee many Ilands which lie Weſt-ward from A
frica, and from Europe, as thoſe which are called the
Gorgades, that lie in the ſame climate with Guinca, which
are foure in number: but notinhabited by men: but they
are full of Goates.North-ward from thence in the faine cly-
mate with the South-parte of Marocco, lie thoſe which are
called Canarit, or the fortunate Ilandes, which are ſeuen
in nomber,being moſt fruitfull and very pleaſant:and there-
fore called by that naine. This is famous in them that it hath
pleaſed all Coſmographers to make their Meridiane to be
che firſt poynte where they doe beginnc to reckon the com.
puration of their longitude, and vnto them after three hun-
dred and threeſcore degrees, to returne againe. From theſe
Ilandes it is that thofe ſtrong and plealant lackes which are
called Canari wines are brought, and from thence are fete
ched thoſe which they call Canarie Birdes: theſe Ilandes
are vnder the Crowne of Spaine.
More Northward froin thence, Iye theſe Ilandes which
are called Azotes inſule , being fixe or feuen in number: of
which Tercera is one of the chiefe: of whome, the reſt by
fome are called the Terceraes, which are farre inferiour in
fruitfulneſſe vnto the Canaries, theſe were firſt ynder the
Crowne of Portugale: and one of them was the laſt which
was keptout from the King of Spaine by the Prior don Ana
tonio : who now calleth himſelfe King of Portugale: bucche
Spaniard at the laſt cooke this Tercera from him, and doeth
poffeffc all theſe Ilandestagether with the reſt of the domi-
nion, which did belong to the Portingale.
De

De America fue Orbe nouo.
Although ſome
biconibinin sapientibus
Lthough ſome diſpute out of Plato, and the olde wri-
ters that there was not onely á geffe, but a kinde of
knowledge in auntient time that beſides Europia, Aſia, and
Africa: there was another large countrey lying to the West,
yet he that ſhall aduiſediy vſe the coniectures made there-
vpon, may fce that there is nothing of fufficiencie to ens
force any fuch knowledge; but that all antiquitie was vt-
terly ignorant of the newe founde countries towarde the
Weſt: whereunto this one argument molt forcible may
giue credite : that at the firſt ariuing of the Spaniards there,
they founde in thoſe partes nothing ſhewing trafique or
knowledge of any other Nation : but the people naked, yn-
ciuill, fome ofthem deuourers of mans deſh, ignorant of
ſhipping, without all kinde of learning, having no remem.
brance of hiſtorie or writing among them, neuer hauing
heard of any fuch religion as in other places of the world is
knowne: but being vtterly ignorant of Scripture, ot Chrift,
or Moyſes, or any God: neither hauing among them any
token of croſſe, Church, Temple,or deuotion,agreeing with
other Nations.
God therefore remembring the prophecie of his ſonne,
that the Goſpell of the kingdome ſhould before the day of
iudgement be preached in all coaftes and quarters of the
worlde: and in his mercie intending to free the people, or
at the leaſt ſome fewe of them from
the bondage of Sathan:
who did detaine them in blockiſh ignoraunce, and from
their Idolatrous feruice, vnto certaine vile ſpirites , whome
they called their Zemes, and moſt obfequiouſly did adore
them: and raiſed vp the ſpirit of a man worthie of perpetu-
all memoric: onc Chriſtophorus Columbus, borne at Genua
in Italie , to ſee his minde to the diſcouery of a new worlde.
Who finding by that compaſſe of the olde knowne worlde,
that there muſt needes bec a much more mightie ſpace,
which the fun by his dayly motió did compafie aboute.then
that

De America fiue orbe nouo.
that which was alreadie knowne and diſcouered: and con-
ceiuing that this huge quantitie,might as well by land as ſea,
could neuer ſatisfie hinfelfe, till that heemight attempt to
make proofe of the veritie thereof.
Being therefore himfelfe a priuateman,and of iorc ver-
cue then abilitie. After his reafons and demonſtrations layd
downe: whereby hee might enduce mea, that it was no
vaine thing which he went about. Hee went vnto many of
che Princes of Chriſtendome: and among other,vnto Hen-
sie the leuenth, then King of England : deſiring to bee fur-
niſhed with ſhipping and men fitte for fuch a nauigation.
But theſe men refuſing him : parly, becauſe they gaue no
credite vnto his newe narration : and partly, leaſt they
fhould be derided by their neighbour Princes,ifby this Ge-
noway ſtranger they ſhould be coufoned: but eſpeciallie,
for that they were vnwilling to ſuſtaine the charges of ſhip-
ping, Atlafthee betaketh himſelfe vnto the court of Fer-
dinandus and Elizabeth King and Queene of Caftile:where
alſo at the first, hee found but colde entertainment:yet per-
fiſting in his purpoſe without wearineffe,and with great im
portunitie: it pleaſed God to moue the minde of Elizabeth
the Qucene, to deale with her husbande to furniſh him
foorth two ſhippes for the diſcouerie onely , and for
conqueſt. Wherevpon, Columbus in the yeare 1492.ac-
companied with his brother Bartholomeus Columbus, and
manie Spaniards : ſayled farre to the Weſt, for the ſpace
of threc fcore dayes and more: with the great indignation
and often mutinies of his companie: fearing that by reaſon
of their long diſtance from home, they ſhoulde neuer re-
turne againe. In fo much, that the generall,after many per-
fwaſions of them to goc forwarde, was at length enforced
to craue but three dayes: wherein, ifthey ſawe not land, he
promiſed to returne; and God did fo blefle hims to the end
that this voyage might not prooue in vaine, that in that
fpace, one of his companie did efpic fixe : which was a
certaine
not

De America fiue orbe nouo.
certaine arguments that they were neare to the land, as it fell
out indeedc. The firſt land whereunto they came was an I-
land,called by the enhabitants Hæsty.But in reinembrance of
Spaine froni whence he came : het armed it Hifpaniola, and
finding it to bee a countrie full of pleaſure, and hauing in it
aboundaụnce of gold and pearle,he proceeded farther, and
diſcouered another bigge ile which is called Cuba , of the
which bceing verie glad , with great treaſure, hee retur-
-ned into Spaine , bringing ioyfull newes of his happie
fucceffe.
The Spaniards who by nature are a people proude, haue
ſince the death of Columbus, laboured to obſcure his fame,
enuying that an Italian or ſtranger ſhould be reported to be
the firſt diſcoverer of thoſe parts, and therefore haue in their
writings ſince giuen forth: that there was a Spaniard which
had firſt beene there, and that Columbus meeting with his
.cards and deſcriptions,did but purſue his enterpriſe, and af-
ſume the glorie to himſelfe. But this fable of theirs doth fa-
uvur of the ſame ſpirite, wherewithall many of them in his
life time did reproach him, that it was no matter of impor-
tance to find out theſe countries: but that if he had not done
it,many other might, and would:which being ſpoken to Co-
lumbus at a folemne dinner, he called for an egge,and wil-
led all the gueſts one after another to ſet it vp on end, which
when they could not do, he gently bruiſing the one ende of
it,did make it flat, and fo ſet it vp: by imitation whereof,
each of the other did the fame:whereby he inildlie did re-
proach their enuie toward him, and ſhewed how eaſie it
was to do that which a man had leene done before him. To
go forward therefore, Columbus being returned to Cafiile,
- after his welcome to the Princes, was made great Admirall
of Spaine and with a new fleete of more ſhippes, was ſent to
fearch farther, which he accordingly did, and quickly found
the maine land, not farre offfrom the Tropicke of Cancer,
- which part of the countrie, in honour of Spaine, hee called
Hiparia

De America fue orbe noua.
Hifaria noxa, and in reſpect whereof at this day the King
of Spaine doth entitle himſelfe Hifpaniari:m Rex. They
found the people both of the maine land and Ilandes verie
exceeding in number: naked without cloathes or armour:
ſowing ro corne, but inaking their breade of a kinde of
roote which they call Maies. Men meſt ignorant of all
kinde of learning: admiring the Chriſtians as if they had
beene ſent downc from heauen, and thinking them to be
immortall : wondering at their Shippes, and the tacke
ling, thereof: for they had no ſhippes of their owne: but
bigge troughes which they call their Canoaes : beeing
made hollowe of the bodie of one Tree, with the ſharpe
bones offiſhes: for iron, or ſuch like inſtruments they haue
none.
The Spaniardes did here finde the people to bce moſt
ſimple, without fraude, giving them kinde entertainement
according to their beſt manner, exchanging for kniues,
glaſſes, and ſuch like toyes,great aboundance of golde and
pearle,
The defire whereof, cauſed the Spaniards to ſeeke fare
ther into the countries: but the tyrannie and couetourneſie
ofthe Spaniards was ſuch,in taking from them their goods,
in deflouring their wiues and daughters : but eſpecially in
forcing them to labour in their golde mines without mea-
Sure, as if they had beene bealts : that the people dete-
ſting them, and the name of Chriſtians for their fákes, did
foine ofthem kill themſelues, and the mothers deſtroyed
their children in their bellies, that they might not be borne
to ferue lo hatefull a Nation: and ſome of them did in warre
conſpire againſt them: fo that by ſlaughter and otherwiſe,
the people of the countrie are almoſt all waſted nowe with
in an hundred yeeres, beeing before many millions : thoſe
which remaine are as ſlaues, and the Spaniards almoſt onely
doe inhabit thoſe parts.
By reaſon that the countric is exceeding rich and fruit-
full

De partibus Americe verfus,&c.
full, the Spaniards with great deſire did ſpreade themfelues
toward the North, where they founde more refiftance : al-
though nothing in compariſon of warriours: but the greas
teft of their labour was, for to conquere the kingdome of
Mexico : which Mexico, is a Cicie verie great and
po-
pulous, as almoſt any in the worlde, ſtanding in the midſt
of a great mariſh or fenne. The conquerour of this, was
Ferdinandus Cortelius; ſo much renowmedin Spaine vnto
this day.
In the ſea coaſtes of all this Noua Hiſpania the Kings of
Spaine haue built many townes and Caſtles, and therein
haue erected diuerfe fornaces and forges, for the trying and
fining of their golde.
De partibus Americæ verſus
Septentrionem.
He rumour of the diſcouerie of theſe partes beeing
blowne ouer Chriſtendome:and the great quantitie of
the land, together with the fruitfulneſſe thereof, being re-
ported abroad, ſome other Nation did enterpriſe to ſee foot
therein: as namely the Frenchmen, who fent certainc ſhips
ynto a part of this countrie,lying North from Hiſpania noua,
fome fewe degrees without the Tropicke of Cancer : inco
which when they had ariued becauſe of the côtinuall green-
neſſe ofthe ground, and trees as if it had beene a perpetuall
fpring,they called it Florida:where after ſome fewe of them
had for a time ſetled themſelues, the Spaniards tooke notice
of it, and being viwilling to endurc any ſuch neighbours,
they came ſuddainlie on them, and moſt cruelly flue them
all, without taking any ranſome , yet the Spaniards for want
of men are not able to inhabit that countrie, bucleaue it to
the olde people.
The Engliſhmen allo deſircus by nauigation to adde
fomsar
H 2

Departibus Ameciceverſus,& c.
ſomething ynto their owne countrie, as before time they
bad trauailed toward the fartheſt North part of America, lo
lately finding that part which lieth betweene Florida, and
Noua Francia, was not inhabited by any Chriſtians and was
a landverie fruitfull and fit to plant in, they ſent thither two
feueralltimes,two ſeuerall companies,as Colonies to inha-
bit that part, which in remembrance of the virginity of their
Queene, they named Virginis. But this voyage beeing in-
terpriſed on the charge of priuate men: and not thorowlie
being followed by the State : the poffeffion of this Virginia
is nowe diſcontinued, and the countrie at this preſent left to
the old inhabitants.
Northward from thence on the ſea-coaſt, lieth Norom-
bega, which is the South-parte of that which the French-
men did without diſturbance of any Chriſtian for a time
poffeffe.
For the French-men did diſcouer a large part of Ame-
rica, on toward the circle Arctick, and did build there ſome
townes,and named it of their owne countrie, Noua Fran-
cia.
The Enliſh-mên about the yeare 1570. did aduenture
farre, for to open the North partes of America, and ſayled
as farre as the very circle Arcticke, hoping for to haue found
a paſage by the North to the Moluccos, and to China,
which hitherto, neither by the North of Aſia, nor by the
North of America, could bee effe&ted by them, by reaſon
of the verie great colde and yſe in that clyinate. The reſt of
the inland beeing an huge ſpace of earth, hath not hither-
to by any Chriſtian to any purpoſe beene diſcouered: but
by thoſe neare the ſea-coaſts it may bee gathered that they
all which doe there inhabite : are men rude and vnciuill,
without knowledge of God. Yet on the North-weſt part
of America, fome of our Engiiſh-men going through the
ſtraightes of Magellan,and paſſing toward the North by
Hiſpania noša , haue touched on a Countrię where they
found

De Peru do Braſilia
found good entertainement : the King thereof yeelding
himſelfe to the ſubiection of the Queen of England:wher-
vpon they tearmedit Noua Albion.
De Peru & Braſilia.
WHen the
Portingales had firſt begun their nauigati-
on by Africa vnto the Eaſt Indies; ſome of them in-
tending to haue helde their courſe Eaſtwarde vnto Caput
bone ſpes, were driuen ſo farre Weſt-ward, by tempeft, that
they landed in a large and great countrey, which by a ge-
nerall name, is called Braſilia : where they began to enter
trafique, and with Townes and Caſtles to plant themſelues,
before that the Spaniardes had diſcouered Peru , which is
the South parte of America. So that at this day, whatſoe-
uer the King of Spaine hath in Braſilia, it is in right of the
crowne of Portingale. The countrie is large, hauing in it
many people and feuerall kingdomes which are not all pof-
feſſed by the Portingals: but fo, that other Chriſtians, as
namely the Frenchmen, being driuen out of their countrie
for religion, haue ſet footrng there: though afterwardes a-
gaine they haue abandoned it.
The inhabitants hereof, are men alſo vtterly volearned,
but inen more ingenious then the common forte of the A-
mericans : goodly of bodie, and Araight of proportion, go-
ing alwayes naked, reaſonable good warriours after their
countrie faſhion; vſing to fat ſuch eneinies as they take in
the warres, that afterwardes they may deuoure them, which
they doe with great picaſure. For diuers of the people of
theſe quarters, as the Caribles and the Canibals are all ea-
ters of mans fleſh, In this countrie groweth aboundance of
that wood, which ſince is brought into Europe for to dye red
colours, and is of the place whence it commeth, called Bra-
zil-wood, the trees whereof are exceeding great.
After that the Spaniardes had for a time pofféffed Hifpa-
nja nossa for the deſire of goldand pearle, ſome of them tra-
uelled
H3

De Peru a Braſilia.
relled towardes the South. Andas by water they found that
fea Weltward froni Peru (which is alwayes very calme,and
is by them called the South-ſea, as the other wherein Cuba.
ftandeth, is terined the North-fea) fobyland, they founde
thathuge & mightie countrie which is nained Pers: where-
in the people are for the moſt parte very barbarous, and
without God, men of great ftature; yea, fome of them farre
higher chen the ordinarie forte of inen in France, vſing to
fhoote ſtrongly with bowes made offiſhe bones, and most
cruell people to their enemies. Among theſe, the Spaniards
partly by force, but eſpecially by perfidious treaton, did get
iafinite lumines of golde and pearle: wherein being allu-
red, and hoping for more (by reaſon that a great parte here-
of, lyeth vnder
the Zona Torridt) They hauc heare and there
fcatteringly vpon the lea-coaſtes, fer vp fome Townes and
Caſtles ; but are not able to poſſeſſe alınolt any thing of
the land: neither haue they as yet diſcouered che inwarde
partes thereof. Some oftheſe Spaniardes deſirous for to ſee
how farre this land of Peru did goe towardesthe Souch, tra-
uelled downe till at lengththey founde the landes end, and
a little ſtraight or narrowe fea: which did runne from the
maine Ocean towardes Africainto the South fea. One Ma-
gelarus was he that found this ſtraight, and (although it be
dangerous) paſſed thorowe it: ſo that of his name, it is cal-
led Fretum Magelanicum, or Magelanes ſtraightes. And this
is the way whereby, as the Spaniards doe paſſe to the back-
fide of Pers, and Hiſpania nova, fo, whoſocuer will com-
paſſethe whole worlde ( as ſome of our Engliſh hauc done)
Hemult of necefficie,for any thing that is yet knowne,paflo
shorowe this narrowe itraight.at
Magellanus did finde on the other ſide towardsthe Pole,
zhe maine continents which alſo the Portingales in their
voyages to the Eaſt Indies haue ſometimes bene driuen yn-
to: whereof nothing is difcouered, but that in one place
they did ſeeaboundance of Parats, and greater then ordinar
ries

De Peru, Braſilia.
fåe: whereofthey did callit Pfittacorum regio.
This is thought to be a mightie huge countrie, contey-
ning in compaffe all the degrees of longitude, in the conti-
nent chercof, and is ſuppoſed to goevnto the South pole: By
reaſon that no ſea is yet founde to breake in, or breake
through the ſame.
There be alſo deſcribed by ſome cfour late writers, cer-
taine great Landes towardes the North-pole. And our
Englith-men in their Nauigations haue touched Gronland:
but the nature of them, and whether they be ſuch, and Co
many as is reported, is not certainely knowne.
FINIS
#4

je spodos
os
olto de
Moto 36213
100, od dolgids totor-
1d verstelblood and
conosze droge







С c
1599
Abbot, George
Xsx51
А Ab
30/6/19 h / xx-
xr) xl-
Perfect
Bernard Quarticle that
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