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REFERENCES.
4. S. Philips Castle
N. CapeMola
B, Carlos Fort
9. Signal house
C.S. Stephenis Cove
P. Cåpe Negra
1. Marlborough Redoubt
Q. Quarantine Island
E.Queens
Ř Bloody Island & the Naval Hospital
F. Chief Enginees house S.Old Road from SPhilips to Mahon
G.SPhilips Town
T. New Road,
H. Governours house
U.S. Anthonyó Convent
I. Royal Battery
W.English love
K.Fort Philipet
X. Town of Mahon
L. Philipet Cove
Y. S. Johns Gardens
M. Part of a Fortification formerly begun.Z. Masthouse
3
4
5000 Feet.
1 North, 2 East, 3 South, 4WestBastions • 5.5South XS. W. Lunettes. 6Carolina. 7 WestLunette: 8 Kanes. 9 Argyll 10 Anstruther, 1 Mills. 12 Counter Mines.

Τ Η Ε
D
00
ru
MILITARY HISTORY
Ο F,
GREAT BRITAIN, for 1756, 1757.
Containing
od
killi A L E T T E R
HOSTS FROM AN
Ν
ENGLISH OFFICER at CANADA,
Taken PRISONER at Oswe GO.
o
Exhibiting
The Cruelty and Infidelity of the French, and
their Savage Indians, in Times of Peace and War.
SHE WING
Their fuperior Advantages, and the only Means
of Redreſs.
Impartially delineating the preſent State of our
Colonies in America, with fome Hints for their
future Regulation.
portno
ALSO,
A Journal of the Siege of Oſwego, the Articles of
Capitulation. With a particular Table of their
Inhabitants.
Likewiſe of the Loſs and Recaking of Bengall.
A Journal of the Siege of St. Philip's in Minorca.
- With a Plan of the Fortification of St. Philip's,
its Environs, &c.
Our Blood has been too cold and temperate,
Unapt to ſtir at theſe Indignities;
And they have found it, for accordingly
They tread upon our Patience. SHAK. HEN. IV.
3
L O N D 0 N:
N ON
Printed for J. Millan, near White-hall
. 1757,
[Price 3 s. Bound, or 2 s. Stitch'd.]

HE Weight of the French Metal in the late Eni-
gagement in the Mediterranean, was 52 and 42
to our_32 Pounders, 36 and 24, to our 24, 12 and 9.
This Error of too maffy and too long Guns, can ſerve no
Purpoſe, but thoſe of our Enemies, the Founders, and
metal Dealers. Our Guns are greatly too long, and too
maffy: All our 2 Pounders may, and fhould be bored at
leaſt to 4, 5 and 6; our 6, to 9, 12 and 18; and the
reſt in Proportion. Notwithftanding the beſt Rules have
lately been exhibited, in Muller's Treatiſe of Artillery.
We have fince had ſeveral Guns caſt many Hundreds
heavier than uſual, as this is ſo * lucrative to the Foun-
ders and metal Dealers, I would willingly give them more
than an Equivalent ; and by Order of Council, put it out
of their Power ever to caſt one Piece longer, or of more
Metal, than abſolutely neceſſary. As the Founders and
.
Dealers Intereſt, ſhould never come in Competition with that
of our Country. Such truly uſeful Pieces had been of the
greateſt Service at Minorca, and perhaps ſaved the Place,
where half the Hands (and thoſe greatly wanted) might
have done double the Service. At Sea, they would be of
infinite more Utility, eſpecially in our late Engagement
in the Mediterranean; as their preſent enormous Length
does not leave Room to ſpunge, charge, &c. and their
unwieldy Maffes requires 3 or 4 Times the Number of
Hands. By Land, the extra Charges, beſides the fatal
Inconveniencies are ſo great, that I look upon any, who
knowingly perſiſt in ſo pernicious an Error, to deſerve the
fevereſt Puniſhment that can be deviſed. In Action they
deſtroy our Forts, ſhatter and roll our Ships, &C.
c
It is hoped ſuch Crimes will not eſcape with Impunity.
Could Officers who have the Management of our Ord-
nance, Forts, Navy, &c. think, that by doing their
King and Country all the Service and Juſtice in their
Power, they ſerved themſelves, and only promote ſuch as
underſtand what they are about. Then ſhould we tri-
umph over our Enemies, to whom of late we have too often
ſubmitted, more by Means of wrong-headed Enemies, in
Pay at Home, than the Bravery of thoſe abroad.
May Conduct, Reſolution and Integrity, be the never-
failing Epithets due to our Officers, &c.
* Twenty Shillings per Hund. Wt. Iron, and 5 l. per Hund.
for Brafs Ordnance paid to the Founders. I would pay for under
weight, every proved Piece of a neat good Make. One third of
Powder allowed, will carry a Ball the ſame Length, and do the
fame Execution.
.
des ]
28. O
101 Bad

[iii]
TO
THE
R E A D E R.
a
I
Think it a Duty incumbent on all who
have a due Regard for their Country, but.
more eſpecially for one who is employed in
its Service, to communicate any Hints that
may fall in his Way, particularly if they tend
to the public Utility. I therefore venture to
give theſe few Remarks to the Public, where-
in I have endeavoured to ſhew the Reaſons
why the French in America are enabled, not
only to ſtand in Defiance of us, but are daily
enlarging their Territories, by which they muſt
inevitably ruin us on the Continent, if ſome
ſpeedy Remedy is not applied.
By my Journal, the Public may judge how
difficult it is, and what an immenſe Expence
muſt attend the keeping Garriſons ſo far
from any Settlement, that they have been
much deceived in Regard to our Defence of
Oſwego, I can affirm, for conſidering the Con-
dition our Forts were in, it was not in the
A 2
Power

iv
To the READER.
Power of a few Men to do more than we did.
I am very ſenſible the Loſs was great, and
had not the Command been taken from Ge-
neral Shirley, at the critical Time it was, I
am certain that that important Garriſon would
not have fallen into the Hands of the French,
as that Gentleman had ſet out with an Inten-
tion of going thither, with a ſufficient Num-
ber of Men to have retarded the French from
ſuch an Enterprize, nay, to viſit them at Ni-
agara and Catroque.
This fubtle Nation are as remarkable for
having true and ſpeedy Intelligence in Ame-
rica, as they are in Europe, and the Moment
they heard of General Shirley's loſing the
Command, and that we were not ſtarving,
but waiting the Arrival of Lord Loudoun, they
projected the Fate of Oſwego this them-
felves declared.
If I have failed in my Intention for the
Public Good, I hope I ſhall at leaſt avoid
Cenſure, when I declare that I was guided
by no other View, neither have I given any
Deſcription, or made Uſe of one Expreſſion,
with Deſign to give Umbrage to any par-
ticular Colony on the Continent, but have
endeavoured to exhibit Truth, without having
Regard to Individuals.
A L E T-

A
LE
L E T T E R
Τ .
T E
FROM AN
Engliſh Officer at Canada.
ROM the Intimacy and Friend-
ſhip that ſubſiſted between us,
F before your leaving Europe, to
reſide in America; and hearing
you were ſo unhappy to fall
into the Hands of the French at Ofwego, and
from thence carried to Canada, I beg you will
Favour me with the beſt Account you can ob-
tain of their Situation, Connections with the
Savages, and their Treatment of the Engliſh,
who are ſo unfortunate as to fall into their
Hands, as well in Peace as War. I have been
informed

[ 6 ]
inform’d, by thoſe who have reſided fomic
Time in America, that the Canadians buy our
King's Subjects from their Indians, and make
Slaves of them.
How it happens, that the Canadians, who, I
hear, are but a meer Handful compar'd to our
People in America, manage to diſtreſs our Colo-
nies as they do, and gain Ground on us, I ſhould
be glad to know, and to compare one by the
other, as I reſide in the Country, and unacqainted
with theſe Affairs, having been hitherto em-
ploy'd in improving my Eſtate. I muſt de-
fire
you
will let me into a little of the Temper
and Diſpoſition of our Colonies on the Con-
tinent, and from whence it proceeds, that
they, who are eſteemed a brave Set of People,
and greatly ſuperior to the French in Land,
and Numbers, ſhou'd ſuffer themſelves to be
encroach'd upon, as it is but too evident they
are; which will greatly oblige,
Yours, &c. &c.
a
a
SIR,
IN
N Conformity to your Requeſt, tho' un-
equal to the taſk, I ſend you the beſt In-
formation

[ 7 .
]
formation I am Maſter of; in which I have
endeavour'd not only to explain the Treat-
ment his Majeſty's Subjects meet with from
the Canadians, and why they are continually
gaining Ground on us, but alſo the abſolute
Neceſſity of our different Colonies on the
Continent's, immediately uniting, and altering
their former Conduct, or becoming eternal
Slaves to French Tyranny.
As to the Situation of the Canadians, it is
vaſtly advantageous, fortified by Nature, ſur-
rounded with high Mountains, ever cover'd
with Snow, large Rivers, and Lakes filld with
Rocks and ſtrong Currents; ſo that it is with
the utmoſt Difficulty they can be got at;
ſurrounded with many different Nations of
Indians, who are continually employ’d by them
to commit all Sorts of Depredations againſt
our Settlements, as well in Peace as War; to
theſe they give large Rewards for every
Pri-
ſoner and Scalp they bring into Quebec, or
Montreal. He that bids moſt Money is the
unfortunate Priſoner's Lord and Maſter; froin
that Moment he, or ſhe, commence Slave
for Life.
WHEN

[ 8 ]
When they were aſked, How they could
think of buying and ſelling Engliſh Subjects,
like Negroes? They reply'd, It was to keep
them from being murder'd by the Indians ;
a very
lame Excuſe this ; for if thoſe Indians
were not tempted by their Rewards, they
never wou'd attempt to go ſo far from Home,
eſpecially in peaceable Times, as they could
always employ themſelves in Beaver hunting,
which is their never-failing Commodity.
FURTHER; the Canadians pretended to us,
that whenever the Captives Friends would
repay what they gave the Indians for them ;
:
they ſhou'd be free; to which I anſwer, that
they are ſure to demand an extravagant Ran-
ſom, perhaps ten Times more than the Worth
of the poor Slave's Family, and twenty Times
more, than they gave the Indian ; and when
the Sum is rais'd, that was firſt demanded, to
redeem their Sons or Daughters, &c. and to
the Ruin of the diſtreſs'd Family, they are
ſure to ſay they have transferred the poor
Creatures to other Perfons, by which the
Sum ſo far increaſes, as to render the Priſoners
Enlargement unattainable.
DURING

[ 9 ]
DURING my Stay at Quebec, there came a
poor Man, who told me, that he, and his
whole Family, were taken fifteen Years fince,
by the Indians at Dearfield, on the Borders
of the Maſachuſet's Bay, and conſequently
were all fold.
;
After his working very hard ſeveral Years,
he obtained Leave from his Maſter to return
to New England, to raiſe a large Sum of
Money, to pay for his and his Family's In-
demnity; after much Time and Labour he
got the Sum agreed for, by ſelling fome Land
he was poſſeſſed of in New England, and re-
turning to Canada ; with Joy he paid his Maſter
the Money, and then naturally concluded he
had only to take his Paſſage home. But to
his Surprize and Mortification, he found that
the Governor would never ſuffer one of them
to depart.
When he related this he was grown fo
old, as ſcarce to be able to procure by his
Labour a Support for himſelf and Family.
Thus are we treated by our Neighbours in
America, to the Shame of a free People.
B
IT

[ 10 ]
[
s
It may be aſked, How theſe Evils can be
remedied? I anſwer, by all the Engliſh Go-
vernments agreeing to buy and ſell every Ca-
nadian that ſhall be brought in by our Indians.
It may be objected, that our Indians ſeldom
IT
bring in any; in Anſwer to which I alledge,
that as ſoon as they find a Sum of Money is
to be had for every Canadian they bring to
us, they will become as induſtrious to hunt
for their Prey, as the French Indians. It muſt
be allowed, that the People of the different
Colonies are very ready, not only to vote for,
but likewiſe to give ſufficient Sums for the
Encouragement of the Indians ; but alas, this
Money, ſo generouſly given, and ſo well in-
tended, paſſes thro' ſo many mercenary Hands,
that ſcarce a Shilling of it is applied to the
Purpoſes for which it was raiſed.
a
When we come to conſider the Diſparity
of Numbers, between the French and our
People, we ſhall ſoon ſee how much ſuch a
Method would diſtreſs them, ſince it is evi-
dent, that we can better afford to loſe fifteen
Men than they one; it would likewiſe give
our Indians Employment, and conſequently
attach

[ u
attach them to us; for as ſoon as they become
indolent, they become burthenſome, and pay
no Regard to Commands; beſides, it might
bring over a Number of other Nations to our
Side, who are already weary of the French
Yoke, and want but very little Encourage-
ment to quit them, and commence their in-
veterate Enemies. This Method of Retalia-
tion may poſſibly be objected to, by ſuch as
are not acquainted with the French in America,
as an unprecedented Thing in us, and as in-
conſiſtent with the municipal Law of civiliz'd
Nations, eſpecially the Engliſh, whoſe Pride
and Boaſt is Freedom; to which it may be
anſwer'd, with a Bluſh, that theſe very Peo-
ple, who deſervedly value themſelves for this
Prerogative at Home, in ſpight of the grand
Monarch, and all his Adherents, are them-
ſelves actually enſlaved in America, by a Hand-
ful of Canadians, the very Indignity hereby
offer'd to us, by a People who ſtile themſelves
the politeſt in the World, ſhould awaken that
Spirit of Bravery and Reſentment, fo peculiar
to our Anceſtors.
During my Stay at Montreal, and Quebec,
I had an Opportunity to obſerve and enquire
B 2
into

( 12 )
into their Practices, and found that ſcarce a
Day paſt but ſome poor Wretches were brought
in, who ſhared the common Fate of being
bought and fold.
A particular Inſtance happen'd when I was
at Montreal, which I ſhall relate, to fhew you
how we are treated by our kind Neighbours.
CAPTAIN Grant, of the New England pro-
vincial Forces, had the Misfortune to be taken
near Crown Point, was brought to Montreal,
and inſtead of being uſed like an Officer and
.
Priſoner of War, was obliged to perform the
moſt fervile Offices, upon Trial (that he might
be ſold, if he pleas'd the Purchaſer) but by
the Afbſtance of an Indian, to whom he pro-
miſed a large Sum of Money, he made his
Eſcape, and I ſuppoſe arrived fafely at New
England.
THERE was a young Lad, of good Family,
taken in the ſame Party with Captain Grant
who was made a Preſent of, by the Indian
that took him, to Monſieur Longuire, Lieu-
tenant Governor of Quebec; who immediately
ſet him about Offices of Servility in his Houſe;
the

( 13 )
3131
the Boy, who had Spirit, refuſed to comply
with his Orders, and was determin'd his Maſter
ſhould not get any Good of him, which Mon-
fieur perceiving, applied to Colonel Schuyler to
buy him; the Colonel, ever ready to ſerve the
;
Diſtreſsd, with Difficulty prevailed on Mon-
fieur to be ſo reaſonable, to fell him the
Boy for two Hundred Livres, for which Sum
the Colonel can produce his Receipt.
The Number of Engliſh Slaves they have
at Canada in this manner is incredible; and I
have been aſſured by ſome of themſelves, that
they could never ſave their Harveſt but for
them. I have frequently heard of theſe Pro-
ceedings of the French, but till now inaccu-
rately, I preſume their ill Conduct was never
thoroughly known to Engliſhmen before ; the
Canadians themſelves did not ſcruple to ſay,
that the Marquis de Montealm had done them
infinite Prejudice by bringing us amongſt them,
as we ſhould now know all their Country,
Cuſtoms, &c. which makes them very uneaſy.
Tho' I could give you numberleſs Inſtances
of their ill Treatment of thoſe taken by their
Indians, I think what has been ſaid
may
fuf-
fice

[ 14 ]
fice to rouſe every Britiſh Heart; and fpirit
,
up our Colonies, at leaſt, to repay them in
their own Coin.
We want labouring People, tho' not ſo
fo
much as they do; yet we can always find it
our Intereſt to give as much per Head for
Canadians, who are in general hard-working
People, as for the indented Servants from
Exgland, Scotland or Ireland. You are very
ſenſible, that the French in America are go-
vern'd by an abſolute Power, as well as at
Home; nay, more ſo, the Governor of
Canada has not even a Shew of Parliaments as
his Maſter has in France, his Will is a Law,
and no one dare controul him.
He has an exact Liſt of every Man that
can bear Arms, and after he has projected his
Scheme, has only to ſend his Orders for ſuch
a Number of Men, to march ſuch a Time, to
ſuch a Place, &c. &c. and he is certain to be
obey'd, ſince he who dares refuſe is hanged,
or impriſoned for Life.
a
He uſes the fame Method in reſpect to
Taxes, whatever Sum beſt Suits his Caprice
muſt

[ 15 ]
any,
muſt be rais'd; when an Officer comes and
demands ſo much Money, it muſt be paid,
and not a Queſtion aſked.
bi
Your having Wife, Children and Affairs
that muſt ſuffer in your Abſence, is not the
leaſt Excuſe, nor dare you
offer but march
when ordered: Beſides, they inter-marry with
the many different Nations of Indians that ſur-
round them; they are for ever hunting with
them, or on fome Party to diſtreſs our Settle-
ments;
there is ſcarce a Canadian, who has
not been as far to the Northward as Hudſon's
Bay, and as far South as Georgia, can deſcribe
our Settlements, give a minute Detail of every
Material, and in ſhort know more of our
Country than we do; as I have ſaid heretofore,
Peace or War, they are perpetually upon
the
March, each Man in his Turn, to build Forts
on our Land, bring over our Indians to their
Intereſt, or on ſcalping Parties.
As to Numbers, we are fifteen to one ; but
as Things are carried on at preſent, ſo much
the worſe, for we vainly imagine, that will
protect us, when on the contrary, this very
Thing will, unleſs ſome ſpeedy Method be
taken,

[ 16
]
taken, be the Loſs of as fine a Country as any
on the Globe; we truſt to our Numbers, and
thinking ourſelves ſecure, ſtand as idle Specta-
tors, wallowing in Luxury and Supineneſs, each
Man when called upon to ſerve his Country,
replies, that there are ſufficient without him,
that he can't leave his Family and Affairs ;
nay, unwillingly pays even a ſmall Tax. In
the Interim our Enemies are indefatigable in
building Forts on our Land; fome Months
after they have compleated them, we hear of
it; the Queſtion is aſked very deliberately over
a Pipe, and a Glaſs of Madeira, What's to be
done ?
CERTAINLY, ſays ſome of the old Gentle-
men of the Council, we muſt have an Expe-
dition againſt that Place, from this they pro-
ceed to exhibit the fatal Conſequences attend-
ing our having the Enemy on our Land, in a
very rational Manner, and prove the Neceſſity
of this formidable Attack, as plain, as that
two and two are four.
The Houſe of Repreſentatives are afſem-
bled, this Affair is debated for a long Time,
to the Prejudice of the public Treaſury, at laſt,
the

[ 17 ]
the Houſe is unanimous to have a Number of
а.
Men rais’d for this Expedition, each Town
offers ſo much per Man inliſting Money, per-
haps one in particular may offer ſomething
more than the reſt, to expedite this important
Affair, the Reſult is, that the Captain or
Lieutenant, who has the ſmalleſt Premium
for Inliſting Men, carries thoſe he has inliſted
for one Place, and diſpoſes of them where he
can get the higheſt Premium ; he then re-
turns, and declares he could not procure one
Man, inwardly exulting at his having over-
reached thoſe who had intruſted him ; thus
void of every noble Sentiment, and entirely
Regardleſs of the Prejudice he does his Coun-
try. It is with the utmoſt Regret, I aſſure you,
that thoſe who are ſent to raiſe Men for the
Service, undertake it with no other Deſign,
than to ſerve themſelves, and fill their Pockets
with the public Treaſure: By the Time the
Men, or rather one third of the Number
voted for, are got together, by theſe Methods
the Seaſon is too far advanced, they march
half way, then are diſappointed in their Pro-
viſions, and are obliged to march back, or
their Colonels and Captains diſagree, which
is too frequently the Reſult of our Expeditions
с
on

[ 18 ]
on the Continent. The Moment ſuch an
Expedition is talked of by thoſe who ought,
and are ſuppoſed to be the Fathers of their
Country, inſtead of employing their Thoughts
for its Benefit, inferior Ideas engrofs their
Attention, how they ſhall fill their Purſes with
the public Money. Here I can't help obſerv-
ing, that they are more concerned about get-
ting their Share of their country's Plunder
(if I may ſo term it) than at endeavouring,
by their Affiduity, to have their Enemy plun-
dered.
Salt
bio
How can we, who act in this Manner,
who never ſucceed with our Numbers, pre-
tend to hold a Country againſt a few induſ-
trious Canadians, who are ever united, and
ever gaining Ground on us.
But much greater Evils ſtill remain to be
explained : Firſt, that the Numbers of dif-
ferent Governments belonging to the Britiſh
Crown on the Continent, have been, and
now are, ready to cut each others Throats,
and would, I dare ſay, rather march out to
fight one another, than the common Enemy:
They ſpend the Time they might employ in
the

[ 19 ]
the Service of their Country, in vilifying and
diſtreſſing each other, in inſerting low Invec-
tives, and unprofitable Scurrility againſt each
other, in their News Papers, which tends to
wound the Morals of the common People,
particularly in a new Country, where Level-
ling is their natural Gouſt.
ſeem to pay
In the ſecond Place I can't help obſerving,
that they are much tainted with a republican
Diſpoſition, indulge Enthuſiaſm, and don't
that Regard to their Mother Coun-
try that could be wiſhed; tho' I am far from
hinting any Thing of a Defect in reſpect to
their Loyalty to it, but their Notions of Li-
berty are too extenſive, they have run it to a
Fault, which is one of the chief Reaſons of
their preſent Calamities.
NOTWITHSTANDING all theſe Differences,
I muſt do Juſtice to the Maſachuſet's Bay, by
declaring, that they have ever exerted them-
felves in a more particular Manner, than any
of the other Governments, they not only
have been foremoſt in raiſing Men, at a great
Expence, and in greater Numbers, than any
of their Neighbours, but they thew greater
Zeal
C 2

[ 20 ]
Zeal in ſerving their King and Country, are a
more moral People, and leſs addicted to car-
rying on an illicit Trade with the Enemy,
than any of the reſt; they appear to me to
be the Flower of the Britiſh Colonies in Ame-
rica, whilſt others, even at this dangerous
Criſis, ſtill ſupply thoſe very People, who are
upon the Point of enſlaving them and their
Pofterity.
They hold a Correſpondence with the
People of Quebec, and Montreal, from Alba-
ny, Schonectada, &c. and were I to be called
upon, I could point out ſome of them ; this
I learned at Quebec from one of the Chiefs of
that Country, who carries on this Correſpon-
dence, by which Means the Enemy are ac-
quainted with every Movement we make, and
every Plan we project, as well, nay better, than
many that live among us.
They muſt in a great Meaſure ftarve but
for our People, yet they are ſupplied by them,
and from whence can this proceed, but from
a mercenary Diſpoſition, and a falfe Notion
of Liberty, which muſt inevitably reduce
them to the moſt abject Slavery.
THESE

( 21 )
These mean Differences have been ſo de-
trimental to the whole, as even to make the
very Indians deſpiſe and treat us with Con-
tempt, they act not like Brethren, Fathers
or Guardians of their Country, but are ever
ready to take up the Hatchet againſt each
other, that it is dangerous for them to be
among us with ſuch wavering Diſpoſitions,
their Lives are precarious, as in one Govern-
ment they are careſs’d by us, and in the next
a Proclamation is iſſued, promiſing a Reward
for their Scalps. This I aſſure you has been
the Caſe, which has greatly contributed to
weaken our Intereſt with the Savages. How
glaringly conſpicuous is our abſurd Behaviour,
may be ſeen from the Obſervation of thoſe il-
literate Savage Natives.
By what I have advanced, I would not
be thought to infinuate, that America is
deſtitute of brave, juft and ſenſible Men;
many ſuch there are, yet I cannot but lament,
that Men of that amiable Character ſhould be
ſo fatally eclipſed by Numbers of the con-
trary. I ſhall mention one, who I may ſay,
without the leaſt Imputation of Flattery, is
Honor

[ 22
Honor et Decus Patriæ, that is, Colonel Peter
Schuyler, of the Jerſeys, one who tho' poffeff-
ed of an ample Fortune, and far advanced in
Years, yet is, and ever has been, remarkably
diſtinguiſh'd for his Alacrity in ſerving his
Country with his Perſon and Wealth, ever
being indefatigable in that glorious Purſuit,
and that entirely free from any ſelfiſh or in-
tereſted View, reſpected and eſteemed by his
univerſal Acquaintance. Inform him of any
Scheme that will diſtreſs the Enemies of
his Country, he is ready to forward it, by ge-
nerous Donations, and not ſatisfied with that,
chearfully expoſes his Perſon to the greateſt of
Fatigues and Dangers.
- I HAD the Honour of knowing this wor-
thy, brave and generous Man at Oſwego, where
he was always endeavouring, by his good Ad-
vice to Colonel Mercer, to get that Place put
into a proper Poſture of Defence, and had it
taken Effect, it is very evident to all that were
there, that it could not have been in the Hands
of the French at this Day,
I am concern'd to tell you, I left him at
Quebec a Priſoner, where I fear his Affliction,
at

[ 23 ]
a
åt not being at liberty to do thoſe many Services
for his Country he is both capable and deſirous
to perform, will prove fatal to him, as he
grew
diſpirited and melancholy; notwithſtanding
the Hardſhips he has undergone, and his ad-
vanced Years, his laſt Words at parting were,
that he hoped, old as he was, he ſhould be
able to ſee Quebec again in a different manner.
What Honour and Praiſe is due to ſuch a Man,
or adequate to ſuch exalted and heroic Worth,
who was never known to make a Traffick of
his Time and Labour in the Service of his
Country, but on the contrary, to keep his
Coffers ever open, and his Perſon expoſed for
that Purpoſe, without any View of a merited
Reward. Honours he has received none, yet
thinks himſelf fufficiently rewarded, with the
pleaſing Reflection of having acted the Part of
a good and brave Man.
a
HAD we but a few ſuch diſperſed in our
different Governments, America would ſoon
wear a different Face, but while we barter our
Country's Good and Freedom for vile Lucre,
it can never be expected we ſhall remain as
Britons for any Length of Time. The Re-
bellion of the Hands and Feet againſt the Bo-
dy,

[ 24 1
dy, as recited in Æſop's Fables, is juſtly ap-
plicable, there they inconfiderately deſtroy the
very Bowels of their country.
„I have one Remark more to add before I
conclude, which is as extraordinary as true ;
and that is, that the People in our Colonies
are utter Strangers to the French Dominions in
America; this can only proceed from our
Over-great-ſelf-ſufficiency, which makes us
hold the French in the utmoſt Contempt, not-
withſtanding the Reaſons they give us daily
to think differently of them; on the other
hand, the Canadians are ever watchful of us,
they very artfully endeavour to keep us ig-
norant of their country's Strength and Policies,
and indeed they have hitherto ſucceeded;
during my Reſidence in New England, tho' I
heard many of the Inhabitants mention Canada,
and converſe on that Subject, I could not per-
ceive that they had the leaſt certain Know-
ledge of it, of which future Experience has
fully convinced me. They are not only
Strangers to the Enemy's Country, but like-
wiſe to the People; what they may be for
the future, I ſhall not pretend to determine,
as there were a Number of American Gentle-
men

( 25 )
men Priſoners there, at the ſame Time that I
was, who may be able to communicate Ac-
counts, that
may
hereafter prove advantageous
to their Country. But to conclude,
If our Colonies do not unite, unleſs they
act as one ſingle Government, ſuffer them-
ſelves to be directed, reſolve to puniſh with
the utmoſt Rigour all thoſe who are Barterers
of their country's Religion, Properties and
Liberties; are ready chearfully to facrifice their
Lives and Fortunes to preſerve thoſe invaluable
Badges of Britain, immediately and earneſtly
engage in ſo laudable an Undertaking, which
will redound to their future Fame, and tranſ-
mit their Names with Honour to Pofterity,
I may venture to affirm, that the utmoſt Ef-
forts of their Mother Country will not be able
to preſerve them from becoming a Diſgrace
to Mankind, the Bane of England, and de-
ſpicable Slaves to French Oppreſſion and Ty-
ranny,
D
Journal

[ 26 ]
DED
Journal of the Siege of Oswego, &c.
A
PRIL 23, 1756, ſet out from Boſton
for New York, in my Way to Oſwego,
and arrived the iſt of May. Waited on Ge-
neral Shirley, who ordered me to Schonectada,
and wait there to go to Oſwego with a Party,
under the Command of Captain John More.
May 3, Embark'd for Albany in a Sloop, and
put into many Places on Hudſon's River. It
is a very noble River, and moſt of the Land
at both Sides very good.
or
May 8, Arrived at Albany, and continued
there three Days: It is a ſmall neat City, in-
habited chiefly by Dutch, who are remarka-
ble for a great Indian Trade, and are ſaid to
carry on a large Stroke with the French, by
the Means of the many Indians who are daily
going and coming from Ticonderogue, Crown
Point, &c. Was this Trade confin'd to peace-
able Timęs (tho' illicit) there might be ſome
Excuſe for them, as they have not many
other Branches of Trade, and as it is a Vent
for our Engliſh Manufactures, which are bar-
ter'd with the French for Beaver. But I have
been

[ 27 ]
been well aſſured, that at this dangerous Criſis
they carry on this fame Trade; nor are they
ſcrupulous of giving the Enemy all the Intel-
ligence they require or wiſh for, which na-
turally leads me to declare, that they are truly
Dutch, in Thought, Word and Deed; re-
gardleſs of the Prejudice they do their Coun-
try's Cauſe, they can plan any Scheme to bring
Griſt to their Mills, they would fell their God,
their King, and their Fathers and Mothers for
Money.
May 12, Set out for Schonectada, and ar-
rived there the ſame Day, it is call'd fixteen
Miles from Albany ; there is a continual Pa-
trole of Regulars going and coming between
it and Albany, to prevent the Indians from
ſcalping Paſſengers, which often happen'd laſt
War.
This is the frontier Town, and very ad-
vantageouſly ſituated, to be render'd very
ſtrong, but at preſent there are little or no
Fortifications to prevent the Enemy; its In-
habitants are Dutch and Germans, and fol-
low the fame Scheme of Trade and Intel-
ligence with the French that they do from Al-
D 2
bany.

[ 28 ]
bany. They have a great Diſlike to military
Men, and tho' we were their fole Protection,
they always prided themſelves in uſing us ill.
June 5, Set out for Ofwego with a Party of
150 Men, under the Command of Capt. John
More, of the 50th Regiment; we had alſo
fourteen Priſoners to carry up to Ofwego to be
tried for Deſertion, which was a great Incum-
brance, as we were aſſured of meeting the
Enemy by the way.
.
a
June 7, Arrived at Mount Johnſon, on the
Mohawk River. Sir William has built a large
Houſe, ſurrounded with a good Wall, and
has Guns ſufficient mounted to keep off the
Enemy Indians; he was gone to the Onandaga
and Senecha's Country, to hold a Congreſs with
them.
June 8, Set out at 3, paſs’d by Fort Hunter
the ſame Day, a Mile from Mount Fohnſon,
and continued our March from Day to Day
till the 12th, then arrived at the little carrying
Place without any Thing particular happen-
ing, except our meeting with hoggith Uſage
from the Inhabitants (who are a ſort of High
Dutchers)

[ 29 ]
a
a
Dutchers) and may be juftly ſtiled human
Brutes, having only the outward Figure to
diſtinguiſh them from the Brute. They are
not only regardleſs of the Wants and Dif-
treffes of thoſe very People, who paſs thro'
Woods and Swamps in Hunger and Fatigue,
to ſave them and their Lands from the Ra-,
vages of a mercileſs Enemy, but ſeem to re-
joice at our Afflictions; as to their Dwellings,
I can aver to have ſeen many Hog-Pens in Eng-
land preferable in Cleanlineſs; to ſum up their
Character in a few Words, they are the dirtieſt,
moſt felfiſh, ignorant, unſocial and intolerable
Set of Mortals I ever met with, and by the
many Accounts I have heard of the Natives
of the Cape of Good Hope, I ſuſpect much if
Hottentots were not the Progenitors of theſe
Mortals. The fame Day we paſs’d our Bat-
toes over the carrying Place on Sleds ; at the
other Side we met Captain Mercer, who
had a Command there, and was building a
Fort. We proceeded the next Day to the
German Flats, and met two independant Com-
panies, and a Lieutenant of the gift, with a
Command of 21 Men; we had eleven De-
ſerters more added to our Number, ſo was re-
inforced with the Lieutenant's Command, as
a
we

[ 30 ]
we expected to be attacked every step of the
Way, which made the March very diſagree-
able and tedious, as we were obliged to mount
two or three different Guards every Night,
after marching long Days Marches, which
greatly harrafs’d both Officers and Men.
June 17, Arrived at Oneida, or great carry-
ing Place, garriſon'd by Detachments from
50 and 51, and New Jerſey Regiments, under
the Command of Major Craven. There was
a pickețed Fort there, that appeared to be but
a very indifferent one, but there was one build-
ing, which, when finiſhed, would have been
fufficient to hold out ſome Time againſt Can-
non: There was a great Number of Oneida,
Senecha, and Mohawk Indians here, who ſeem-
ed very contented among our People, and ready
to go out on any Party. Our Party was en-
camp'd by Major Craven's Order on the Skirt
of the Wood.
June 20, The Garriſon was alarm'd about
one in the Morning, by the firing of ſome
ſwivel Guns at the Fort that was building a-
bout a Mile off.
June

[ 31 ]
June 22, Paſs'd our Battoes thro'a Dam, at
the ſame Time with Colonel Bradſtreet, who
had loaded a large Number (about 350) with
Proviſions; this. Dam is cut acroſs to Bull's
Fort, and by means of a Flood-gate are paſs’d
into the Creek, which ſaves both Expence and
Trouble, as the Battoes are carried but one
Mile by Land inſtead of eight. The Stream
is againſt us from Schonectada to Canada Creek,
and from thence runs in our Favour to Oſwego,
except acroſs Oneida Lake, where there is none.
June 24, This Day employ'd in paſſing
Wood Creek, which is reckon'd 30 Miles, our
Party covering the Battoes all the Way for fear
of the Enemy. In the Evening of the ſame
Day, having reach'd the Banks of Oneida
Lake, Colonel Bradſtreet took our Men into
his Battoes, ours not being ſufficient to carry
the whole, to croſs it ; Night approaching, we
encamp'd on a ſmall Iſland in the Lake, it is
a beautiful Body of Water, and all the Land
around appears to be very good. The next
Morning we ſet out, and arrived that Evening
at the three Rivers, and the next Day at the
great Fatës.
June

[ 32 ]
a
June 28, This Day and the following were
employ'd in paſſing our Battoes over the Falts,
which is a hazardous Undertaking, as we run
the Riſk of loſing many loaded Battoes, and
Mens Lives. There is Plenty of fine Salmon,
Trout, Sheepſheads, and other Fiſh, to be
had here, our Indians ſtruck ſome for us.
310
M
June 30, Set out for Oſwego, and arrived
there about four the ſame Evening. From
Schonectada to Oſwego, in general, is a fine
a
Land as ever was ſeen. During this March
we had ſeveral extenſive Proſpects, and moſt
enchanting Landſkips, the Earth producing
ſeveral wild Fruits, as Strawberries, Raſber-
ries, Indian Apples, wild Grapes, &c. which
render'd it agreeable, beſides there are Num-
bers of Deer.
slo
Miles.
From Schonectada to Mount Johnſon, on
the Mohawk River
To the little carrying Place
Little carrying Place
From the carrying Place to the German Flats 8
To the great carrying Place
60
Length of the carrying Place
Length of Wood Creek
30
Το
on}
22
58
2

[ 33 ]
28
To croſs Onieda Lake
To the three Rivers
To the
great
Fales
Thence to Oſwego
30
18
12
Miles 276
Notwithſtanding we were many Days on
our March we had hard Work, our Battoes
had
many
bad Reefs and Shallows to paſs over,
and to be ſet up againſt a ſtrong Stream more
than half Way, and in daily Expectation of
being attacked by the Canadians and Indians,
of which we had certain Intelligence. Co-
lonel Bradſtreet having under his Command
350 laden Battoes, for the Garriſons of Oſwego
and Ontario, for their Winter Stock, and 1500
able-bodied Battoe-men, all properly armed.
Capt. More had about 170 Men, beſides Offi-
cers, 24 Battoes to carry them and their Bag-
gage, and a Quantity of Money to pay the
Troops ; of which the Enemy had Intelli-
gence, and was on their way to attack us, but
happened to miſs of us by an Accident, as
ſhall be related.
July 4, Colonel Bradſtreet having received
a Letter on his Arrival at Oſwego, to diſpatch
E
imme-

[ 34 ]
immediately down with his empty Battoes,
fet out this Morning at Day-break, and was
attac'd the ſame Day about Noon, at the great
Fatas, by the Party that miſs’d us going, and
had ſeveral of his Men kill'd: They kept him
at Bay, upon which he ſent to the Fort for a
Body of Men, to eſcort him over the Falls.
Captain Paget was ſent to his Relief with
150 Men, but by a Meſſenger's Miſtake, who
was ſent from the Fort to him, as he was on
his Way, he turned back. Next Day, very
early in the Morning, Captain More ſet out
with the fame Number of Men to the Colo-
nel's Affiſtance, and found him encamp'd on
the Side of Onandaga River, alfo Captain Pat-
ten with his Grenadier Company, who was
coming from the Senecha's Country, after ef-
corting Sir William Johnſon there, on a Con-
greſs with that Nation and the Onandaga's.
On his hearing the Fire he made for it, and
came upon the Back of the Enemy, which
made them run off, imagining it was a large
Body of Men from the Fort to re-inforce
the Colonel. In their Flight they forded
the River, and it is thought our Men
kill'd a Number of them. The fame Night
the Enemy made large Fires on the oppofite
Side
a

[ 35 ]
Side the River, and the Appearance of a De-
ſign to attac us next Morning, but it was
to cover their Flight; they all went off in a
Hurry, as we judge, they left a number of
Muſkets, Magazines, Paint and ſcalping Knives,
with all apparent Signs of the greateſt Confu-
fion. The Enemy kill'd and wounded many
Men, and had ſome kill'd, and two Canadians
taken Priſoners, who faid, that they came out
on Purpoſe to cut off our Battoes in their way
to Ofwego, but miſs'd us by miſtaking the right
Path.
a
July 8, In the Evening, all the Battoes be-
ing paſs’d over the Fatès, and no Appearance
of the Enemy, we took Leave of the Colonel,
and ſet out for Ofwego; a moſt fatiguing Time
we had, we march'd all Night in the Woods,
and did little elſe but tumble over Logs, and
get into Swamps ; continued marching till two
in the Morning, then halted on a clean Spot
of Ground much harraſs'd, where we made
Fires to dry ourſelves till Dawn, then ſet out
for the Fort, which we reach'd about 10 at Night.
July 9, From this Time till Auguſt 8, no-
thing extraordinary occurr’d, except our going
E 2
on

[ 36 ]
&
on ſundry Parties by Land on the Lake. Ever
troubled with Onandaga, Senecha, and Oneida
Indians, who came for Proviſions whenever
they wanted, and at the ſame Time carried all
the Intelligence they could to the Enemy.
Auguſt 7, A Party of Men were ſent out
in a Wheat Boat, and diſcover'd an Encamp-
ment at fix Mile Point. On the 8th, two
Schooners were ſent out, who ſaw an Encamp-
mentabout two Miles from Ontario Fort, which
appear'd very large. On the oth had a Man
ſcalp'd under the Guns of Fort Ontario, by a
French Indian.
taniceva
Auguſt 10, Fort Ontario inveſted by the
French ; our Vefſels which went out to recon-
noitre them on the Beach, fired ſeveral Broad-
fides, which put them into ſome Confuſion ;
but the Enemy ſoon reſum'd the Fire, and
drove three large Shot into Captain Laforey,
which obliged him to return into the River,
the Entrance being narrow, the Enemy play'd
briſkly on him (after he turn’d Ontario Point)
with their ſmall Arms, which Colonel Mercer
obſerving, order'd me down to the Beach with
one hundred Men, to cover his Entrance;
upon which the Enemy fired on me, and be-
ing

( 37 )
ing deceived by the Ground they ſtood on,
very fortunately wounded but one Man, hav-
ing fired too high, all their Shot went over
our Heads, and lodg'd in the Veſſel that was
on the Stocks, and in the Carpenters Houſes.
A Cannon Shot from the Fort, and my
Fire
from the Beach, made them retire.
2 Auguſt 11, The Enemy kept a continual Fire
with their ſmall Arms on both Forts, to cauſe
a Diverſion, while they were buſy intrenching
and mounting their Cannon, Shells, and ſmall
Arms, and kill'd ſeveral of their Men.
Auguſt 12, Lieutenant Dame and Enſign
Tyng were wounded at Fort Ontario, and ſome
private Men killd. The Enemy continued
their Fire with ſmall Arms, and we with our
Cannon, &c.
Auguſt 13, Colonel Mercer, finding that
the Enemy had approach'd within 70
Yards
of Fort Ontario, call'd a Council of War, in
which it was agreed, as that Fort could not
ſtand the Battering of Cannon, that our Men
ſhould fire away all their Shells and Ammu-
nition, ſpike up their Cannon, and retreat to
Oſwego

[ 38 ]
Ofwego Side; which they did the fame Day
about 3, under Cover of the Cannon and
ſmall Arms without the Loſs of a Man, the
Enemy having no Suſpicion at that Time of
Day. On their landing they were ſent to the
Fort on the Hill, to help Colonel Schuyler to
intrench, where it was intended we ſhould
draw up ſome Cannon, and retreat when drove
from the Guns at the lower Fort, which lay
intirely open to the Enemy's Fire.
Auguſt 14, At Dawn, the Enemy unmaſk'd
their Batteries, and fired very hot upon us,
which obliged Colonel Mercer to order us to
märch our Men into the Foffe, at the Back
of the Fort, to cover them, as they lay ſo
fo
much expoſed, that the Enemy could ſee the
Buckles in our Shoes. They foon diſmounted
our two principal Cannon. About 9, Colonel
,
Mercer was kill'd by a Cannon Shot, as he
was giving Directions about the remounting
them. A Grenadier and a Drummer were
kill'd by the fame Shot. About 10, Lieu-
tenant De la Court loſt his left Leg, and had
two Men killd. The Command devolving
on Lieutenant Colonel Littlehales of Shirley's,
he call'd a Council of War, in which Mr.
Mac

[ 39 ]
Mac Culler, the Engineer, declared the Fort
not tenable ; beſides, it was found that a large
Number of Canadians, Indians, and Regulars,
to the Number of 3000, were fording the
River, up at the Reefes, to attack us in the
Trenches ; upon which it was thought ex-
pedient to beat the Chamade, and ſend a Flag
of Truce, which was carried by Lieutenant
Drake and Mr. Crufe, with Propoſals to march
out with the Honours of War, which Terms
being rejected, were obliged to return an An-
ſwer by 12, whether we choſe to ſurrender
Priſoners of War, or to proceed, upon which,
as the Enemy had 38 Pieces of Cannon ready
to play on us, beſides Shells, &c. 1500 Re-
c
gulars, 3000 Canadians and Indians, and 1000
Battoe-men, in all 5500 Men, our principal
Cannon diſmounted, that lay expoſed to the
Enemy's Fire, and ſurrounded by a Number
of the Enemy, it was agreed to ſurrender
Priſoners of War, on the following Conditions.
Articles of Capitulation at Oſwego, Auguſt 14,
1756.
The Marquis of Montcalm, Army and Field
Marſhal, Commander in Chief of his moſt
Chriſtian Majeſty's Troops, is ready to receive
a Capitulation upon honourable Conditions,
furrendering to him all the Forts.
HE

dari masa [ 40 ]
1
He requires them to be Priſoners of War,
they ſhall be treated with all the Regard that
the politeſt of Nations can ſhew.
I ſend an Aid de Camp on my Part, viz.
Monſieur Beaugainville, Captain of Dragoons,
they need only ſend the Capitulation to be
ſigned.
I require an Anſwer by Twelve, I have
kept Mr. Drake for an Hoſtage. On the 14th,
the Demand made by the Commander of
Ofwego, from the Marquis of Montcalm, Army
and Field Marſhal to the King, Commander
in Chief to the Troops of his Majeſty in North
America.
ARTICLE I. The Garriſon ſhall ſurrender
Priſoners of War, and ſhall be conducted
from hence to Montreal, where they ſhall be
treated with Humanity, and every one agree-
able to their reſpective Ranks, and according
to the Cuſtom of War.
ARTICLE II. Officers, Soldiers, and In.
dividuals, ſhall have their Baggage and Cloths,
and they ſhall be allowed to carry them with
them.
ARTICLE

( 41 )
ARTICLE III. They ſhall remain Priſoners
of War until they are exchanged.
I accept the above Articles, in the Name
,
of his moſt Chriſtian Majeſty, under the Con-
ditions of delivering up faithfully the Forti-
fications, Artillery, Ammunition, Magazines,
Barks and Battoes, with their Appurtenances.
I give full Power to Monſieur de la Poze,
Major General, to reduce this preſent Capitu-
lation, and to agree upon the Manner of be-
coming Mafter of the ſaid Forts, of which
our Troops ſhall take Poffeffion, and to inſure
the Garriſon from receiving any Inſult.
.
Given at the Camp before Oſwego, the
14th Day, at Eleven in the Morning, of the
Month of Auguſt, 1756,
MONTCALM.
We imagined ourſelves ſecure, as to our
Perſons and Baggage, but, to our great Sur-
priſe, we were ſoon convinced to the contrary.
No ſooner had we deliver'd up our Arms, than
both Officers and Soldiers were ordered to the
Parade, there we ſtood, to be inſulted by the
F
Enemy

[ 42 ]
Enemy Indians, who, not ſatisfied with taking
away our Baggage, murther'd ſeveral of our
Soldiers, as they ſtood on the Parade, and
ſcalped all our fick in the Hoſpital; they cut
Lieutenant De la Court to Pieces, as he lay
in his Tent, after having his Wound dreſs’d,
tho' deliver'd into the Care of a French Officer,
and many of us narrowly eſcaped, to the other
Side the Water, with our Lives, and even
there we expected to be all maſſacred, as the
Indians made ſeveral Efforts to get into the
Fort to ſcalp us.
A number of Colonel
Schuyler's Regiment, about twenty or twenty-
two, were deliver'd up to the Indians, by the
Marquis de Montcalm's Orders, in lieu, as he
faid, of the ſame Number of Indians we had
kill'd; tho' it was expreſs’d in the Capitulation,
that both Officers and Soldiers ſhould be fe-
cured from any Inſults. Colonel Schuyler de-
manded them at Quebec, but never received
any Satisfaction, and in all Probability it was
too late, as the Indians, doubtleſs, gratified
their inſatiable Revenge on ſeveral of them,
to atone for the Blood of their Brethren. The
Marquis acted cunningly, in not ſuffering any
of his Britiſh Majeſty's Soldiers to be given
up, as he well knew it would not be put
up

[ 43 ]
up with. So the Lot fell on the poor
Pro.
vincials; thus the French keep Treaties and
Articles of Capitulation.
Auguſt 15, The Officers of the three Re-
giments were put on board twenty Battoes for
Montreal, and carried acroſs Lake Ontario ;
we paſs’d by many Iſlands on the Lake, upon
ſome of which the French have Forts. It is
calld go Leagues long and 14 wide; the
Land ſeems to be very barren and ſandy on
the Eaſtern Shore. Being a Priſoner, and
having figned a Parole, put it out of my Power
to commit many Remarks to Paper, that would
have been both uſeful and entertaining; but
in general Terms, the whole Way from the
Entrance of the River St. Lawrence from the
Lake, till you arrive at Montreal, is the moſt
,
difficult, romantick, and dangerous that Ima-
gination can form; to many it would ſeem
entirely impoſſible for Battoes to paſs either up
or down, without being daſh'd to Pieces, and
every Soul periſhing, notwithſtanding the In-
dians and Canadians worked up their Battoes,
and brought heavy Cannon, &c. againſt us,
after an Infinity of Time and Labour. We
were but four Days going to Montreal, as we
F 2
had

[ 44 ]
had a rapid Stream all the way. We had
many fine romantick Proſpects, the Land very
barren, and all the Way to Montreal ſeems
only fit for Indians to inhabit.
Auguſt 19, About 5 in the Morning we ar-
rived at Montreal, where we ſaw the Shore
lined with a great number of Indians ; Lieu-
tenant Colonel Littlehales, being commanding
Officer, ſtept firſt on Shore, and was imme-
diately ſeized by a number of theſe Savages,
who buffeted him, knock'd him down, and
would have kill'd him, but were prevented
by ſome Regulars, fent down by the Gover-
nor's Orders to guard us up; we were drove
about, and uſed extremely ill, till we got into
the Palace; the Indians, like ſo many Hell-
hounds, were, as they ſaid, eager for Revenge,
but in a little Time we were fent under a
Guard to different Quarters in the Town, and
in a Day or two came abroad, and was never
uſed ill after by the Indians. It is a Cuſtom
among them to buffet Priſoners on their Ar-
rival, and our Mohawks uſe their Priſoners in
the fame manner.
Loved
Montreal is a neat Town, fituated on the
Side of a River, is wall'd round, and has a
a
30
seondon
good

45 1
good Ditch, which renders it too ſtrong to be
taken but with Cannon, yet fo fituated, by
having high Hills on the Back and Sides, that
it could not be made to ſtand Proof againſt
Cannon and Shells for any Time; there was
not any mounted when we were there, except
on a Hill that ſtands in the Middle of the
Town, which is fortified, and has a few Pieces;
there are ſeveral neat Houſes, eſpecially the
Governor's, which is very large, and ſeveral
handſome Churches well adorned ; a fine Hof-
pital for Sick, neat and well provided for this
Part of the World. Mr. Tyng, who was dan-
gerouſly wounded, was uſed with the utmoſt
Tenderneſs; and to do Juſtice to the French,
no People take greater Care of fick or wound-
ed Men than they do. They entirely depend
on the Furr Trade with the Indians, which
they ſeem largely to poſſeſs. Veſſels of about
go Tons frequently come up from Quebec.
Aug. 27, Embark'd for Quebec, it is called
65 Leagues from Montreal; the third Day we
got as far as a Town call’d the Three Rivers ;
it derives its Name from being ſituated on
three Rivers; the Land from Montreal to Que-
bec is ſomething better, and well improv'd all
along

[ 46 ]
along the banks of the River at both Sides,
but by what I could hear it does not run far
back. The Town is a very ſmall inſignificant
Place, and has but few Inhabitants, nor is it
remarkable but for its agreeable Situation.
Auguſt 30, Arriv'd at Quebec, were carry'd
in Proceſſion thro' the Town for a Shew, and
then conducted to the Commandant's, who
gave us Billets for our Lodgings. We found
every Thing very dear, and particularly as the
Inhabitants impoſed upon us in every reſpect.
Quebec is built at the Bottom of a very high
Hill, and almoſt goes round it; this Hill is
perpendicular, and has a Rampart, on which
is mounted 27 forty-two Pounders, 7 Eigh-
teeners, 16 twelve and nine Pounders, in all
50 Pieces of Cannon, i Braſs Mortar; it is ſo
high, that it is impoſſible for any Ship to do
it any Damage, nor do I think it poſſible for
them to lay their Sides to the Town to batter
it, as they muſt be tore to Pieces from the
Hill. If I may give my Opinion on this head,
the Method to be uſed muſt be, for the Fleet
to anchor at the oppoſite Shore, where they
will ride under Cover of a Point that runs out,
ſo as to render the Shot from the Ramparts of
no

[ 47 )
no Effect. At low Water there is a Sand,
that is quite dry and firm, where they may
land their Cannon and Men, out of Reach of
any Thing at Quebec except Bombs, and may
a little way from this Place deſtroy the Town.
This Sand leads to the Back of the Town,
where we were informed there is a very ſtrong
Fortification, and many Guns mounted, but
they would never ſuffer any of us to get a View
of it, limiting us in the Town to certain Bounds,
from whence we may not recede. There is a
very high Hill, that commands every Thing
coming from the three Rivers, and a ſtrong
Fortification, but this we ſhould not attempt
till we had carried the reſt, as it is out of the
way of doing us any Damage; however, I am
perſuaded, from many Hints I heard drop from
theſe Canadians I got acquainted with, that the
Chief of their Strength conſiſts in the Ram-
parts over the Town, which really avails no-
thing if we march as above directed : As to the
Fort that they ſay commands the Paſſage over
the Sand, I am very ſure it is not ſo conſider-
able, but that it may eaſily be taken, and that
accompliſh'd, the reſt muſt fall. All the Land
about Quebec is mountainous, and ſeems to be
but indifferent. The Town is large, but very
irregular,

[ 48 ]
a
irregular, and the Buildings but indifferent in
general; indeed they have ſome Churches,
the Governor and Intendant's Palaces, and ſome
Hoſpitals, tolerably well built, but all together
it is a very filthy diſagreeable Place. Their
entire Dependence is on the Furr Trade, every
Thing they want is ſent them from France,
they have not one ſingle Thing manufactured
among them, ſo that a good Look-out, at the
Mouth of the River St. Laurence, with ſome
Men of War, muſt diſtreſs, nay ruin them,
as their Indians muſt be ſupply'd with Brandy,
Wine, Hatchets, Blankets, &c. &c. or they
will ſoon quit them to go to thoſe that will;
nay they themſelves muſt ſtarve, eſpecially
now they have got ſo many more People to
feed than they us’d to have, their Country
being inſufficient to ſupply them without
our Affiſtance ; nor could they ever do it in
peaceable Times, which may eaſily be prov'd
by the New-England-Men, who fupply them
with a great quantity of all ſorts of Food, for
which they get Molaſſes, &c. I forgot to men-
tion that there is an upper-Town, as well as
a lower, which is built up a ſteep Hill, very
irregularly, and a good many Houſes on the
Ramparts.
November

[ 49 ]
November 12, Embark'd for Old France on
board the Abenoquis Frigate of 36 Guns, the
14th fail'd, and reach'd the Iſland of Anti-
choſt the 29th, during which Time it was ex-
treme cold, and the River began to ſhut up
faft, ſo that we imagin'd we ſhould have been
froze in.
a
AFTER we turn'd the Point, where the In-
dian Settlement lies, on the oppoſite Shore to
the Town of Quebec, you have a full View of
the Iſland of Orleans, where you diſcover the
great Fates of Mount Morancy, which is
reckoned to be greater than the Fatts of Nia-
gra; it is calld one hundred and fifty Feet
perpendicular, it empties itſelf into the River
St. Laurence, about 15 Leagues from the
Town, and five from the Iſland of Orleans,
our Ship run a-ground, and was in Danger of
being loft, but at High-water got off. Three
.
Leagues farther lies the Iſland of Coudre, it
is dangerous in paſſing; as the Paſſage between
the Main and the Iſland is narrow, and ſeems
to be fill'd up with Rocks, the Tide runs in
Whirlpools, and the Paſſage is between ſome
of theſe Rocks. We alſopafs’d by the Iſlands
of Verte, Rooge, Poſe d'eau devic, and Anti-
chofte,

[ 30 ]
chofte, but there is no Danger after paffing the
Ille Coudre. It is computed 150 Leagues
from Quebec to the Mouth of the River ; the
Land on each side is very high and barren,
and ſeems calculated alone for Indians.
As to our Voyage to Old France, I have
no farther to add, than that we had very cold
ſtormy Weather, which always happens on
the American Coaſt at this seaſon of the Year
however, we landed at Breſt the 13th of De-
cember, 1756, and was ſent to a Country Vil-
lage called Leſneven, being allow'd a League
round for our Amuſement: I remain'd there
till the 3d of May, 1757, then obtain'd Li-
berty to come to England on my Parole, where
I foon procured my Exchange.
be
oogle
Woo An
so

[51]
II2
191
An exact Liſt of all the Inhabitants, &c. in Martinique, given in
by the four Colonels, Jan. 1. 1708-9. beſides the Soldiers
being about 150.
Men
Widows Girls |Female Mulatos (Free
bearing Lads Boys and Marri- Childr. and free Women Childr., Slaves
Arms
Wives ageable
Negroes
Col. Jornac for St. Pierres
647 151 573 715 333 57
73 64
5196
Col. Survillier for Trinity 334
414 364 119 412
19
18 16 5245
Col. Le Touche, Ft. Royal_326 210 424 373 137 411 34 51
боо
88 6005
Col.
Collart Fort Royal 174 137 212
141
82 187 56
79
113 3836
Total 1481 689 16231593
671 1067 182
Mini - Super-
Sugar-
ters annuat- Fufees Piſtols Swords Horſes Cattle works
ed Men
Col. Jornac's Pariſh 713
18 12
85
746
311 745 691 1598 31
Col. Survillier's Pariſh
6
77
556
282 487 1463 2130
Col. Le Touche's Pariſh 714
9
65 565 | 284
492
1700 2676 113
Col. Collart's Parish 6
6
58 373
65 226 2624 4801 55
Total 261 18 18
33 285 2240 942 1950 1 6478 1 11205 246
212
339 20282
Nuns
- Aluw Towns.
Church.
6! 5
47

[ 52 ]
A Copy of a Letter from Captain A-
G-, in the Eaſt India Company's Service,
to Lieutenant Colonel Laurence, giving a par-
ticular Account of Bengall, Calcutta *, &c.
dated Fulta t, July 15, 1756.
SIR,
S the Loſs of Calcutta will undoubtedly
A
be variouſly repreſented, my Duty having
once had the Honour of your Acquaintance,
demands my giving ſome Account of it, eſpeci-
ally in relation to the military Tranſactions,
having been appointed to act as Adjutant Ge-
neral during the Troubles, I am enabled to do
it in a more particular manner than I other-
wiſe could, had I been ſtation'd at my Poft, as
I ifſued out all the Governor's Orders, and ſaw
moſt of them put in Execution, for what re-
lates to private Correſpondence with the Go-
vernor, I muſt refer to a long Narration of Mr.
Drake I, which he informs me he intends to
tranſmit by this Conveyance; you muſt have
already receiv'd an Account of the ſurrender
of Caffimbuzar g of the 4th of June, and the
manner Mr. Watts | was decoy'd, and made
* The Company's chief Settlement in Bengall.
+ Road where Ships anchor in the Mouth of the Ganges.
+ Mr. Drake, Governor of Calcutta. $ A fubordinate
Settlement. H Governor of Caffimbuzar.
Priſoner

( 53 )
Priſoner in the Nabob's Camp, and obliged to
deliver
up the Fort, we having diſpatch'd Pal-
lamore * for that Purpoſe, when we receiv'd
the News on the 7th, we may juſtly impute
all our Misfortunes to the Loſs of that Place,
as it not only ſupply'd the Enemy with Artil-
lery and Ammunition, but fluſh'd them with
Hopes of making as eaſy a Conqueſt of our
chief Settlements. Tho' indefencible in its
then Circumſtances, yet we always concluded
Caffimbuzar defenfive againſt any number of a
Country Enemy, and were under no Appre-
henfions but it could hold out, had they at-
tack'd, till we were enabled by Supplies from
your Settlements to march to its Relief; it is
fortified by four folid Baſtions, each mounted
with 10 Pieces of Cannon, 6 and 9 Pounders,
beſides a Line in the Curtain to the River of
24 Guns, from 2 to 4 Pounders, all tolerably
mounted, and moſt of them on Field Carriages,
and 8 or 10 Cohorn Mortars, 4 or 5 Inches,
with a good Quantity of Shells, and a propor-
tional Supply of all kinds of Ammunition ; it
was garriſon'd with a Lieutenant and 50
mili-
tary, moſt Europeans, one Serjeant and Cor-
poral, three Matroſſes of the Artillery, and 20
good Laſcars. One or two Houſes adjoining
to the Walls were commanded by ſo many
* Expreſſes fent by Men on Foot.
Guns

( 54 )
Guns from the Baſtions, that the Enemy could
not keep Poſſeſſion of them. When we re-
ceiv'd the News of Caſſimbuzar being in the
Nabob's Poffeflion, and of his Intentions to
march againſt us with the Artillery and Am-
munition of that Place, alſo with an Army,
as we were inform’d, of 50,000 Men, Horſe
and Foot, elevated with the Promiſe of the
immenſe Plunder expected in Calcutta, we be-
gan to think of our long neglected and de-
fenceleſs State, and our Situation to receive an
Enemy which we had hitherto deſpis’d, but
now too late found worthy our Confideration ;
that we were in this defenceleſs State cannot
be imputed to our Maſters in England, as our
Governor and Council have had repeated In-
junctions, within theſe 12 Months, to put the
Place in the beſt Poſture of Defence; but ſuch
Orders, tho' Repreſentations have been made
by many Officers, of the Necefſity and Me-
thod of doing it, have been fatally neglected,
being lulld into ſuch a State of Security in
Bengall, that nothing but an Enemy before the
Walls could convince us, but that every Rupee
expended on military Service was ſo much
taken from the Company. I will now proceed
to inform you of the Situation we were in to
ſtand a Siege. wb
THE
વિરાણી
are

[ 55 ]
THE Plan of Fort William, and a part of
Calcutta, which I here tranſmit, and which,
ſince my coming on board, I have ſketch'd out
from my Memory, to give a clearer Idea of
the manner in which we were attack'd, will
repreſent to you the Situation of our ſmall Fort,
in reſpect to the Houſes that ſurrounded it, and
the number of Guns mounted upon it. Our
Military, excluſive of thoſe of the ſubordinate
Factory, amounted only to 180 Infantry, of
which number there were not 40 Europeans,
and 36 of the Artillery, Serjeants and Corpo-
,
rals included, hardly a Gun on the Ramparts
with a Carriage fit for Service; we had about
three Years ſince 50 Pieces of Cannon, 18 and
24 Pounders, with 2 Mortars of 10 and
13
Inches, with a quantity of Shells and Balls for
each, they have laid on the Graſs ever fince
they were firſt landed without Carriages or
Beds, only the ten Inch Mortar, which we
with Difficulty got ready by the Time we were
attack'd, neither Shells filld, nor Fuzees pre-
par'd for Mortars or Cohorns, render'd them
as well as the reſt almoſt uſeleſs; our Grape
were eat up by the Worms, and our Ammu-
nition of all kinds were in the worſt Order ;
not one Gun with a Carriage fit to be carry'd
out of the Fort for any Uſe, except the two
Field Pieces ſent from your Settlement ; what
Powder

( 56 )
Powder we had for want of Care was damp,
and the Seaſon improper to dry it. On our
Receipt of a Letter by the Delawar, Orders
were given to repair the Line of Guns before
the Fort, and Carriages to be made for thoſe
50 Pieces of Cannon, to be mounted upon it,
and likewiſe to repair the Carriages of the Guns
upon
the Baſtions ; but theſe were but juſt
begun, when we receiv'd Intelligence of the
Loſs of Caſimbuzar, which contributed to pre-
pare us for the worſt. The military Captains
were order'd to attend the Council, and give
their Opinions on what was neceffary to be
done for the Defence of the Place; it was pro-
poſed to defend the Town as well as the Fort,
an extenſive Line was firſt formed for that Pur-
poſe, ſo little Apprehenſions had the People of
a vigorous Attack, that it was agreed to have
a Battery of one or two Guns on each of the
principal Roads, to defend us from any At-
tack of the black Enemy; but the Conſidera-
tion of our ſmall number of Troops deter-
mined us to contract our Batteries to the Places
mark'd in the Plan, the Military were form'd
into Companies, one of the Europeans to the
number of fixty, the other two conſiſted of
Armenians and Country Portugueze, to the
number of 150, excluſive of thoſe, about 50
of the Company's Servants, and young Gen-
tlemen

[ 57 )
tlemen of the Place entered as Volunteers in
the military Companies, and perform’d equal
Duty with the common Centinels; theſe on
every Occaſion ſhewed undaunted Reſolution;
Carpenters and Workmen of all ſorts were
taken into Pay to work upon Gun-carriages,
&c. and every Thing order'd that may be ne-
ceſſary in a Siege.
From the 7th, when we heard of the Loſs
of Caſſimbuzar, and of the Nabob's Deſign on
Calcutta, to the 8th of June was all the Time
we had in our defenceleſs State, to make the
neceſſary Preparations for the Reception of ſuch
a numerous Enemy; and ſuch was the Nabob's
Rapidity, that in twelve Days from his get-
ting Poffeffion of Caffimbuzar, the 4th he
march'd with a numerous Army, and a large
Train of Artillery, upwards of 100 Miles croſs
Rivers and ſwampy Roads to his firſt Attac of
Calcutta. The 16th, Meffrs. Holwell, Macket,
and Moppletoft, were appointed Captains of the
three Companies, Mr. Frankland, Lieutenant
Colonel, and Manningham, Colonel, with Sub-
alterns in Proportion; the military Volunteers
and Militia were diſpoſed of when the Batte-
ries were finiſh'd, and Carriages made for the
Guns. In which Situation we ſtood to receive
our Enemy, tho', to the laſt, few could be
perſuaded, that he would attac us in any other
H
manner

[ 58 ]
manner than by forming a Blockade, till he
ſhould obtain a Sum of Money, and a Com-
pliance with his Demands. On the 16th, he
attack'd a Redoubt at Pomin, with 6 Pieces of
Cannon; but on the Approach of a Rein-
forcement with two Field Pieces they with-
drew them, and inclined to the Southward,
where taking Poffeffion of a Tope or Clump
of Trees, they fired very briſkly from the op-
pofite Side of the Ditch, and a part of the
Detachment who were advanced beyond the
Redoubt, kill'd one of the Gentlemen Volun-
teers, and four European Soldiers: On the
Enemy ſtill advancing farther to the South-
ward, along the great Ditch that ſurrounds
the Town, and on hearing they had croſs'd it,
and taken Poffeffion of Omychand's Garden,
and the great Road near it, the Reinforcement
was order'd back from Pomin, and Enſign
Piccard left in his Poft as before ; the Ene-
my's Cannon had play'd at the fame Time on
a Sloop that lay cloſe to the Redoubt, to ſcour
the Ditch, and kill'd four Europeans; we had no
farther Moleſtation from them this Night, nor
any other Intelligence than that they occupied
eaſterly the Corner of the black Town, from
Omychand's Garden to the Bread and Cheeſe
Bungloo, that the Nabob had taken Poſſeſſion
of Damduonas Houſe for his head Quarters.
The

[ 59 ]
The 17th in the Morning we planted 2 ſmall
Pieces of Cannon on the Gate-houſe, to ſcour
the different Roads that terminate at that Place,
which Way we expected the Enemy would
advance; alſo fent twelve Military and Militia,
with forty Buxeries *, to take Poffeffion of it,
under the Command of one Monf. Lebeaume,
a French Officer, who had taken the Protec-
tion of our Flag fome Time before, and for-
tified the Houſe with Loop-holes; the Enemy
did not appear in Sight of our Batteries all
this Day, but the Plunderers of ravaged all
the black Town; we had many Priſoners
brought in by your Buxeries, but their Ac-
counts of the Nabob's Strength and Situ-
ation varied ſo much, that we could not de-
pend upon them. The Intelligence we re-
ceiv'd from our Spies was equally uncertain,
the Priſoners in general told us, the Nabob
had with him all the Cafimbuzar Cannon, 10
Pieces of which he brought from Mu-
zadabad ||, of a larger Size, with many Swi-
vels and Wall-pieces mounted on Camels and
Elephants, his Troops conſiſt of 20,000 Horſe;
this Night our Peons § and Buxeries, to the
* Another Caſt of black Soldiers. + Part of the
Nabob's Army, ſo call'd from their doing no other Duty
but Plundering when the others are Fighting. | The
Capitol of the Province. § A kind of Footmen, who
are employ'd as Meſſengers.
number
or 15
H 2

[ 60 ]
number of 500, deſerted from us, as did our
Laſcars and Coolies * ; ſome Days before we
had not a Black to draw our Work, nor even
to carry a Cotton Bale or Sand-bag on the
Ramparts, and what Work of that kind had
been done was by the Military and Militia ;
this want of Workmen at the beginning and
now, harrafs'd us greatly, and prevented our
doing ſeveral neceſſary Things. Early on the
18th, the Enemy made their Appearance in
every Quarter of the Town, but did not ſeem
as if they would advance openly againſt our
Batteries, rather appear'd reſolv'd to make their
Approach by taking Poſſeſſion of the inter-
vening Houſes. We accordingly fortified ſuch
as commanded our Batteries with ſo many Men
as could be ſpared; they firſt advanced toward
the Goal, by the Road that leads to Pomin's,
thro' the black Town, and brought 2 Pieces
of Cannon againſt it, one of them, by the Size
of the Ball, not leſs than an 18 Pounder ; we
were likewiſe adviſed by our Spies and Priſon-
ers, that the Nabob's Artillery was command-
ed by a French Renegado, who had been an
Officer at Pondicherry t, and gives himſelf the
Name of Marquis de Jacque, having under his
Command 25 Europeans, and 80 Cittygan
* Black Labourers, + The chief Settlement of the
French on the coaſt of Coromandel.
sudku
Fringes

[ 61 )
Fringes *. On their advancing their Cannon
to the Goal, we detach'd from the Battery
an Officer, twenty-fix Men, and two Field
Pieces, to reinforce Monſieur Lebeaume's
Poſt; they maintained it from eleven to
two in the Afternoon, expoſed to a very
warm Fire from thoſe two Pieces of Cannon,
quantities of the Enemy having lodged them-
ſelves in all the Houſes that ſurrounded that
Place, Monſieur Lebeaume and Enſign Caſtires,
the Officers who had advanced to ſupport him
being both wounded, and ſeveral of their Men
killed, they receiv'd Orders to retire with their
Field Pieces; the Enemy took immediate Pof-
fefſion of the Place, ſo ſoon as we abandon'd
it, as they did of ſeveral others, from which,
and from every Hole they could creep into,
under any Sort of Cover, they kept a very
cloſe Fire on the Battery, and the Houſes
wherever they ſaw our Men lodged; by firing
our Cannon upon ſuch Houſes as we could
bring them to bear upon, we obliged them
often to quit them, but freſh Supplies came
up to their Relief; we muſt in this Manner
have deſtroyed Numbers by the Cannon of the
Batteries and Forts, and our ſmall Arms from
the Loops and Windows of the different
Houſes; this would have retarded their Pro-
greſs
* Another Caft of black Soldiers.

[ 62 ]
greſs, had all our Shells been properly ſerved,
they muſt have been of greater Uſe for this
Purpoſe than all our Artillery; but ſuch as
we tried either burſt e'er they quitted the
Mortar, or before they reach'd half Way.
,
They had in great Multitudes poſſeſſed them-
ſelves of all the Houſes in every Quarter of the
Town, and by their Superiority obliged our
Men to quit the Houſes that they occupied.
The firſt place they broke in upon our Lines
was thro' Mr. Nixan's Houſe, and the Breaft-
work cloſe to Mr. Puthan's, the Serjeants of
that Poft having retreated, and left ſome of
the Gentlemen Volunteers to force their Way
thro' the Enemy to Captain Minchin's Houſe,
where two of them were left a Sacrifice to their
Mercy; they poured into the Square in Swarms,
planted their Colours at the Corner of the
Tank, and took immediate Poffeffion of all
the Houſes in the Square, and out of all we
had but two Guns from Flank of the North-
eaſt Baſtions that could bear on that part of
the Town, their Footing was ſo ſecure, by
being in Poſſeſſion of ſo many ſtrong Houſes,
with our Lines, that it was impoſſible to think
of difpoffeffing them from ſo many which
ſerved as Fortreſſes againſt our ſmall Num-
bers; thus they brought their Cannon to play
upon the Paſſages to and from our Batteries :
This

[ 63 ]
This Situation of the Enemy within our Lines,
made it neceffary to order Captain Buchannan,
with his Cannon, to retire from the Batte-
ries, as his Communication with the Fort
might have been cut off by the Enemy ad-
Vancing in his Rear, thro' a Line that leads a
fhorter Way to the Fort. After delivering
the above Orders, I proceeded to Captain
Clayton's Battery at 4, when, on my Arrival,
I was ſurpriſed at finding the Guns of that
Battery ſpiked, and Orders given them to retire
with only the Field Pieces into the Fort: I
requeſted their Patience, as I found no Occa-
fion for ſuch a precipitate Retreat, till I had
ſpoke to the Governor. He told me, that
the Poſt was repreſented to him by Mr. Holwel,
as no longer ours, by the Enemy's taking Pof-
fefſion of all the Houſes round them, and the
Number of their Men kill'd and wounded,
that if the Guns were already ſpiked, it would
be in vain to think of keeping it any longer.
I returned towards the Battery and found Cap-
tain Clayton half Way the Fort, with only the
two Field Pieces. I prevailed on him to return
with his Men, that if poſſible we might with-
draw the Guns of the Battery, eſpecially one
Eighteen Pounder, carried there about Noon
to play on the Houſes, which the Enemy
poſſeſs’d, and prevent the Shame of leaving
them,

[ 64 1
them, to convince the Enemy of the Panick
that muſt have compelld us to make ſuch a
Retreat : I deſired one half to defend the Bat-
tery, while the others laid down their Arms
to draw off the Cannon. But not a Man would
be prevailed on to touch a Rope. I then left
them to march off in the moſt regular Manner
they could, the abandoning this Battery was of
the utmoſt Conſequence, as it neceſſarily oc-
cafioned the drawing off the other two, and
confining our Defence to the Walls of the
Fort; it therefore ought not to have been
done; the other two Batteries were ſoon
ordered to be withdrawn, and all the Troops
were returned to the Fort about Six in the
Evening ; by retiring into the Fort we might
have expected, that before next Morning the
Enemy would take Poffeffion of all the Houſes
next the Walls, and from each of them greatly
commanded our Baſtions and Ramparts; this
determined us, as the only Thing neceſſary to
be done, to retard their Progreſs, to diſpoſe
of the Troops return'd from the Baſtions in the
Houſe of Mr. Cullenden Eyres, the Company's
Houſe, and the Church, which was accord-
ingly done before Eight at Night; the Detach-
ment in the Company's Houſe, on the Enemy's
taking Poffeffion of Captain Renny's, thought
their Situation dangerous to be maintain'd on
the

[ 65 ]
the Approach of Day, and their Communica-
tion liable to be cut off from the Fort, by the
Lines that leads to the Water-fide, near the
new Go-downs *, therefore apply'd to the
Governor, and obtain'd Leave to retire into the
Fort ; the withdrawing this poſt gave a general
Diſcontent, as the Enemy getting Poſſeſſion
of it, would not only expoſe the Southern
Baſtions and new Go-downs to a very warm
Fire, but likewiſe the Gate where our Boats
lay, which would almoſt render it impoſſible
to keep any there; and as many People, even
at this Time by the vigorous Attack of the
Enemy, our ſuddenly withdrawing of our Bat-
teries, and leaving the Company's Houſe to be
taken Poffeffion of by them in the Night, at-
tended with many other Circumſtances of
Confuſion and Diſorder, while they could not
be remedied, begun to think that a Retreat on
Board our Ships would be the only Means by
which we could eſcape the Enemy, therefore
with the utmoſt Concern I ſaw this only Means
of Safety endangered, by giving up that Poſta
we had laid up a ſufficient Store of Proviſion,
but the Irregularity in not appointing proper
Perſons for the Management of this, as well
as other neceſſary Duties (was a fatal Neglect)
* Go-downs were Houſes for all Kinds of Stores,
Wine Cellars and Pantries are called Go-downs,
I
and

[ 66 ]
and the Deſertions of our Cooks, among the
reſt of the Blacks, left us to ſtarve in the
midſt of Plenty, our Out-Parts had no Re-
freſhment all the preceding Day, and there
was nothing but Diſcontent and Murmurs from
all Quarters, Water and Proviſions were the
general Cry, yet little Pofſibility of being fup-
plied with either, there not being People to
carry it to the Out-Parts, had it been ready
dreſt, as every one then in the Fort were har-
raſſed and fatigued with want of Reſt by con-
ſtant Duty, for two Days before that, it was
impoffible to rouze them, even if the Enemy
had been ſcaling the Walls; three different
Times in the Night did the Drums beat to
Arms, tho' we had frequent Alarms of the
Enemy's preparing Ladders under our Walls
to ſcale them, we had a Thouſand Portu-
gueze Women in the Fort, which cauſed the
utmoſt Confufion, by filling up the Paſſages
in all Parts, and crowding the Back-gate to
force their way on board the Ships ; fuch was
;
the general Conſternation that prevail'd. At
a Council of War held about Nine; the Eu-
ropean Women were order'd on board the
Ships, and Colonel Manningham and Lieute-
nant Colonel Frankland were permitted to ſee
them fafe ; it was at the ſame Time reſolved
to clear the Fort of all the other Women, and
if

( 67 )
if poſſible to regulate the Confuſion that then
prevail'd, but little was put in Execution to-
wards it, the Men, for want of Refreſhment
and Reſt, and by getting at ſome Liquor, with
which they made too free, became very mu-
tinous, being moſt Militia, within the Fort,
and not ſubject to Command; the ſame Com-
plaints from the Out-Parts, which could hardly
be redreſs’d by ſupplies of Proviſion and Men
to relieve them, from the ſeveral Days Hunger
and Fatigue they underwent. During this Si-
tuation a ſecond Council of War was called
about One in the Afternoon, to conſider what
could be done, and how long under ſuch Cir-
cumſtances the Place could be defended againſt
the Enemy's vigorous Attack. You'll be ſur-
prized, that all that Time, neither the Governor
nor Commandants could obtain a Return of
the Stores and Ammunition from Captain
Witherington ; I often repreſented to the Go-
vernor the Neceflity of ſuch a Return, as like-
wiſe to have a ſtrict Compliance to all his
Orders, but to no Effect, he had a favourable
Opinion of the Man, and was unwilling to
carry Things to an Extremity; there was like-
wiſe an Animoſity fubfiſting between the Go-
vernor and Commandant, as alſo between the
Commandant and Witherington, which greatly
diſconcerted our Affairs. The firſt Thing done
I 2
in

[ 68 ]
in this Council of War, was to know the State
of our Ammunition, and Captain Witherington
being aſked, What Time our Ammunition
would ſerve, at the Rate of the preceding Day's
Conſumption ; anſwer'd, hardly three Days ;
and that he was afraid, a great Part of what
was eſteem'd good might prove damp, and
that neither the Weather, nor other Conve-
niencies, would admit of its being dried; this
unexpected Stroke alarmed every one, and it
was thought very extraordinary, that the State
of our Ammunition was not known before;
we had no other Choice left, but to retire
on board our Ships before their Time expired,
or ſurrender at Diſcretion to the Mercy of an
implacable Enemy, from whom we expected
no Quarter ; it was therefore unanimouſly
reſolved, a Retreat ſhould be made in the moſt
expeditious and regular Manner, and taking
every Circumſtance under Confideration, the
Majority were of Opinion, that it ought to
be done that Night, as next Morning might
produce ſuch Conſequences, as would either
make it impracticable, or liable to the greateſt
Danger, if the Enemy got Poffeffion of the
Company's Houſes, as we made no doubt they
would in the Night, they might without much
Difficulty force their way thro' the Batteries
that lead to the Back-gate, from thoſe Houſes,
or

[ 69 )
a
3
or from the Windows and Tops of them, fo
flank and ſcour the Gate with their ſmall Arms,
that it would be impoſſible for a Boat to lie at
the Gate, or elſewhere before the Fort; either
of theſe Circumſtances would have made a
Retreat impoſſible, tho' ftrenuouſly maintain'd
by Mr. Holwell in particular ; and as a Retreat
had been always determin’d upon, to defer it
till next Night would have been attended with
no Advantage ; on the contrary, had it been
then put in Execution, according to Mr. Hol-
well's, and the Opinion of ſeveral others, the
Company's whole Treaſure, and the Lives of
more than 150 Europeans, would have been
ſaved; but we dallied away the Time till al-
moſt Day-light, and no poſitive Determination
was made: It was propos’d to ſend Omychand
to treat with the Nabob, but he abſolutely re-
fus’d, and our Perſian Writer, with the reſt
of the Blacks deſerting, prevented our writing
to him: In this State of Confuſion and Suſ-
pence did we remain till Morning; the 19th
in the Morning, finding the Enemy had neg-
lected the Poſſeſſion of the Company's Houſes,
Enſign Piccard, who in the Night had been
order'd back from Pomin's, voluntarily offer'd
to go on that Service with 20 Men, who were
permitted. The Day produc'd no great Re-
gularity amongſt us, the ſame Complaints of
want

[ 70 ]
want of Proviſions and Refreſhment were heard
every where, and little done to redrefs them;
the Enemy advanc'd briſkly, and encreas'd
from all Quarters, having in the Night lodg’d
themſelves in the adjacent Houſes ; Lieutenant
Biſhop, who commanded in Mr. Eyres's Houſe,
deſired Leave to withdraw : About nine, the
Fire from Omychand's Houſes, and the other
Houſes around being ſo thick, that it was im-
poffible to ſtand it, yet he was order'd to main-
tain it till Evening; on a Repetition of his
Diſtreſs, having numbers kill'd and wounded,
he was permitted to retire; Captain Clayton,
who commanded in the Church, was allow'd
to withdraw on the ſame Account; he had
ſome Pieces of heavy Cannon, beſides ſmall
Arms, from the Houſes to the Eaſt and North-
eaſt of him, that play'd inceſſantly from be-
hind the Batteries and Playhouſe Compound,
and did great Execution among his Men.
About this Time Enſign Piccard was brought
in wounded from the Company's Houſe *, and
the Enerny had fill'd all the Compounds, tho'
our Men kept Poſſeſſion of it above Stairs.
The Detachment in Mr. C Houſe
was ſoon after withdrawn. Our Baſtions were
in a very improper State to be maintain’d againſt
ſuch a cloſe Fire of ſmall Arms, as was likely
to
* The Piece of Ground on which the Houſe ſtands.

[ 71 )
to command them from ſo many adjacent
Houſes, all of them the ſtrongeſt Work, and
almoft Proof againſt Metal; on the Baſtions
the Parapets were not four Feet high, and only
three thick, the Embrazures fo wide, that they
afforded but little Shelter to the Men at the
Guns: Theſe Defects might in fome Meaſure
have been ſupply'd with Cotton Bales and Sand-
bags, which we had prepared for that Pur-
poſe, had we not been diſtreſs’d for all kinds
of Labourers to bring them on the Ramparts,
both Military and Militia were ſo fatigued, that
it was impoſſible to make them ſtand to their
Arms, far leſs to carry Bales: This was our
Situation between Ten and Eleven, about which
Time the Governor made his Eſcape on board
one of the Ships. As his Conduct in this Af-
fair, as well as of thoſe that follow'd him,
may probably be canvaſs’d, and the Affair re-
preſented according to the different Prejudices
and Intereſts of the People, I confefs myſelf
among the number who follow'd the Gover-
nor, eſpecially in ſuch a general State of Con-
fternation, when nothing farther could be done.
I repreſent the Affair in as particular a manner
as poſſible ; about the above Houſe we receiv'd
an Alarm on theſe Baſtions, that the Enemy
were forcing thro' the Barriers that leads to the
Company's Houſe; I ran down to learn the
Truth,

[ 72 1
Truth, as to the Situation of the Guard plac'd
there, I found it to be falſe, and the Enemy
not then advanced from the Company's Com-
pound. On my Return to the Back-gate, I
perceiv'd the Governor ſtanding on the Top
of the Stairs; I came up to him, to know if
he had any Commands; he was beckoning to
his Servants who ſtood in a Ponſey * above
the Gate, at the ſame Time numbers of Budg-
roes had been ſetting off below and above full
of Europeans, and only one Budgroe, where
Mr. Macket and Captain Minchin were ſtep-
ping into was left at the Gate, beſides the
Ponſey where the Governor was; he pointed
to me the Ship Dudley, where Colonel Man-
ningham and Colonel Frankland were on board,
they not having returned in the Night as he
expected, and the other Ships and Sloops had
fallen down below the Town; thus he found
every one preparing for their Eſcape by crowd-
ing into the Boats; obſerving this, and anxious
for his own Safety, without giving me Time
to reply, he ran down Stairs, and up the Side
of the River, to get into the Ponſey; every
one who ſaw him go on board in this manner
ran to the Gate and Stairs-head. I had ſcarce
Time to repreſent the Irregularity of ſuch a
Retreat, and earneſtly entreated, that he would
firſt
* A Ponſey is a flat-bottom'd Boat.

( 73 1
firſt communicate his Intentions to Mr. Holwell
and the reſt of the Garriſon ; but his Anſwer
was, that he ſaw Things going on in ſuch a
manner, as would render it impoſſible to re-
treat any other way; that he ſuppoſed every
Perſon that could find Boats, when they ſaw
him go off, would follow. I then look'd be-
hind towards the Gate-ſtairs, and ſeeing it
crowded with Multitudes, and Capt. Minchin
and Mr. Mackett ſetting off in their Budgroes,
I concluded the Governor's Retreat had caus'd
a general one, and that thoſe were happieſt
that could procure a Boat to eſcape from the
Hands of a cruel Enemy; I therefore, with
Mr. O'Hara, got into the Ponſey where the
Governor was, and ſet off the laſt Boat that
left the Gate; they crowded to the Water-
ſide, but finding it impoſſible to make their
Eſcape for want of Boats, returned into the
Factory, and ſhut the Gates immediately after
them. We proceeded on board the Dudley,
where Meffieurs Manningham and Frankland,
with more than half the Militia Officers, fe-
veral Gentlemen Volunteers of the Militia,
with moſt of the European Ladies were; the
reſt of the Ships and Sloops were crowded
with Men and Women, who had quitted the
Fort fince Morning, as Opportunities offered.
In this manner the Governor eſcaped; how
K
far

[ 74 ]
far he and his followers are culpable, I leave
you to judge, and ſhall only aſſure you of the
Authenticity of this Account. On our coming
on board the Fleet, I propoſed to the Gover-
nor to move up before the Town with the
whole Fleet, in order to afſift the Retreat of
thoſe who were neceffitated to remain for want
of Conveyance; but the Capt. of the Dudley
repreſented, that ſuch an Attempt would be
attended with the utmoſt Danger, and told
him, that if the Ship moved up again before
the Fort, there was little Probability of return-
ing; the Prince George, who remaind there
that Night, never return'd, but was deſtroy'd
by the Enemy. The Governor, on what the
Captain faid, thought no more of affiſting thoſe
who were left behind, yet order'd a Sloop to
move up
in the Night, and ſee what could be
done, but ſhe was not able to proceed fo far
as the Fort, the Enemy being in Poffeffion of
all the Water-fide. We fell down the River
in full View of the Town, and could obſerve
Numbers of Houſes in Flames all the Night.
The following Account we have from ſuch as
made their Eſcape after the Place was taken.'
They informed us, that ſo ſoon as the Go-
vernor retreated, all Hopes of a Retreat was
cut off for want of Boats. Mr. Holwell was
unanimouſly declared Governor, and the Gates
fhut,

[ 75 ]
Thut, every perſon in ſuch a deſperate Situa-
tion, that they reſolv'd to die on the Ramparts,
rather than ſurrender to the Barbarity they ex-
pected from the Enemy. The Place held out
till the 28th about Three in the Afternoon;
the Enemy foon got Poſſeſſion of Mr. Crut-
tenden's Houſe, after which Time, eſpecially
after they got to the Top of the Church,
ſcarce a Man could ſtand on the North-eaſt or
South-eaſt Baſtions, and they were at length
oblig'd entirely to abandon that Side of the
Fort; the Enemy took Poffeffion of it in this
manner; about two in the Afternoon, on the
goth, they made a Signal for a Truce, and
ſome of their Leaders ſpoke with Mr. Holwell
from one of the Baſtions, and told him, that
the Nabob had given him. Orders to defiſt
firing, that he might accommodate Affairs.
This Propoſal was readily agreed to by us;
accordingly they ceas'd firing. Our Men were
order'd to lye down to refreſh themſelves; in
the Interim, the Advantage the Enemy made
from this Truce, was to crowd in Swarms un-
der the Walls of the Eaſt Curtains and Baf-
tions, and under Cover of their Fire from the
Church, &c. we having been before in a man-
ner obliged to abandon that Side with Ladders
and Bamboos *; they inſtantly ſcaled the
* Bamboos, a Species of Reed Cane; as they are hol-
low and have Joints, their Uſes are various.
K 2
Walls,

( 76 )
Walls, and put to the Sword every one that
offer'd to reſiſt; to conclude the fatal Scene, ſuch
as were taken Priſoners, to the number of 200
Europeans, Portugueze and Armenians, were
all Night ſhut up in the black Hole, a Place
about 16 Foot ſquare, where by the fuffocating
Heat, and want of Water, which was abſo-
lutely denied, not above ten ſurvived till Morn-
ing; among the Dead there were near 100
Europeans, Company's Servants, &c. Mr. Hol-
well is among the number of thoſe who ſur-
vived the black Hole, and is now Priſoner with
the Nabob, who ſtay'd but a few Days in Cal-
cutta ; he is now return'd to Maxadabad; he
left ſome Thouſands of his Troops to keep
Poffeffion of the Fort, and ſome the Factory-
houſe; they have deſtroy'd the Church, but
no Houſes as we hear, farther than their being
ſet on Fire; the Dutch and French have in a
manner accommodated Affairs with them, the
former by paying five Lacks of Rupees *, tho'
each of the Settlements are now crowded with
our Men, and no important Buſineſs can be
tranſacted without two particular Parvanas +
for that Perfon, ſo that it is certain he has not
yet done with them. Meffieurs Watts and
a
* A Lack is 100,000 Rupees. A Rupee is 2 s. 6 d.
Sterling + A Licence
Colle

[ 77 ]
Collet are now Priſoners at large at the Factory;
the French have Orders to ſend to Madraſs by
their firſt Ships. By the laſt Accounts, the
reſt of the Gentlemen belonging to Caſhmbuzar
Factory were Priſoners at Maxadabad, and in
Irons; the Decia Factory is ſafe with the
French.
I
Fulta, Feb. 14, 1756.
SIR,
Receiv'd
yours, dated May 10, 1756, and
am much oblig'd to you for your
News;
but alas! it is not to be compar'd with our pre-
ſent Situation, the Nabob of Hughty is now in
Poffeffion of Calcutta, and were I to give a
Detail of the whole, it would be too volumi-
nous, therefore muſt deſire you'll accept of the
Heads. On the 15th of May I arrived ſafe at
Calcutta, and in two or three Days after, on
Account of the Troubles, Mr. Corſters and
myſelf enter'd Volunteers in Clayton's Com-
pany, and made up 64 in Number ; the Ap-
pearance was noble, having new Regimentals.
I aſſure you, tho' quite young Men, their Be-
haviour was ſurpriſing; numbers that were
flain, tho' attack'd by 8 or io, cut down 5 or
6 before they fell ; Captain Smith was obſerv'd
by ſeveral, Sword in Hand, to cut down 6
Men,

[ 78 )
Men, who made uſe of Swords and Tar
gets, and afterwards got clear off, notwith-
ſtanding his broad Sword was cut in two cloſe
to the Hilt. We kill'd by their own Confer-
fion 7000 the firſt, and unfortunately for us
Mr. Clayton retreated from his Trenches when
we had only five Men kill'd out of 150 ſtout
Fellows, which was the Occaſion of loſing our
Factory much ſooner than weotherwiſe ſhould,
as it inclined every one to leave their Batteries,
and retire to the Fort; they ſoon after took
Poffeffion of Mr. Cruttenden's, Mr. Eyres's,
and the Company's Houſes, and the Church,
therefore we could not ſhow ourſelves in the
Batteries; and the ſecond Day after the Siege,
the Governor, Mr. Manningham, Frankland,
and ſeveral others, with all the Ladies, went
on board the Shipping, and dropp'd down to
the Governor's, which was very imprudent, as
it left no Opportunity for others to excufe or
make a Retreat. Inclos'd you will find a Liſt
of the killed, and thoſe that remain. As to
my Part, I made my Excuſe with what Cloaths
I had on, ſaving nothing, and being at this
Time almoſt naked, and even deſtitute of a
Shirt; we had againſt Calcutta 100,000 Men;
After Governor Drake left the Fort, Mr. Hol
well was appointed Governor by a Majority;
he maintain'd the Fort for 29 Hours after, but
for

[ 79 )
for want of Ammunition to blow up the Houſes
already mentioned, occafioned the entire Lofs
of Calcutta. He ſtorm'd the Fort on the 20th
of June, about four in the Afternoon; and
immediately on ſurrendring the Place, every
one without Diſtinction was put in the black
Hole; notwithſtanding the number, who were
250 in the Morning, when they came to open
the Door 19 Souls only were found alive, Black
and White, whoſe Names you will ſee in the
incloſed; they immediately changed the Name
of the Place to Allenagere, and if any one call-
ed it Calcutta they were to loſe their Noſe and
Ears; old Armajon is now Pus; down at Cal-
cutta they have pull'd down the Governor's
Houſe, and are building a Place of Worſhip;
we had not in our Factory Powder ſufficient to
ſerve fix Hours when they ſtorm'd it, which
was done by fixing Bamboos againſt the Wall,
and running up like ſo many Rats in number.
It is impoſſible to imagine what Plunder was
taken in the Factory, in Mr. Fullerton's Room
only there were above 20 Lacks of Rupees.
Yours,
ALEX. CHAMPION.
od
sotadi dua
o birodno od onomia
aginta
SIR,

[ 80 ]
I
VOL On board his Majeſty's Ship Kent in the Bay of
Bengall, Dec. 2, 1756, Lat. N. 200, 55°
SIR,
Received your Favour at Camp near Arcott,
of Auguſt 5, 1755, Advices arriving then
at Madraſs, of the unfortunate Occafion of
my being at Sea, the Delawar was ſtopped,
and Major Kilpatrick follicited to go with a
Reinforcement to the Relief of Bengall, where
our Capital was threatned with a Siege ; but
before the Major reach'd the Ganges, it and
all the other Settlements belonging to the
Company were by Force of Arms in the Hands
of the Nabob, which News I fear will be too
well known in Europe before this Arrives.
The Cauſe of our being ſo ill treated in that
opulent Country is entirely from the Miſcon-
duct and Knavery of the G--- and C-
who I hope will have their Merit, which muſt
be ten Degrees worſe than a Gibbet, as they
have been the ſole Cauſe of much Blood-ſhed,
without giving the brave Garriſon a Chance
for their Lives, the Loſs of every Thing be-
longing to the Company, and even by their
Infatuation ſaved little belonging to themſelves.
It's reckoned fix hundred thouſand Pounds
Sterling was loſt in Calcutta, beſides Dacea,
Capmbuzar, &c. &c. All the Inhabitants who
eſcaped this fatal Cataſtrophe, with the Major
and his Detachment, have been on board the
a
Ships

( 81 )
Ships in the Ganges, waiting our arrival fince
July, a long Time indeed to be on board in
a River. I muſt obſerve, That ſearch the
known World, you'll find no ſuch Maſters as
the honourable Company; and none ſo un-
faithfully ſerved : No wonder ! when they
fend out Crouds of School-Boys every Year,
fitter for their Maſter's Rod ten Years after
they appear here, than the Government of a
Country; which is too apparent in the Caſe
of the VS at Bengall, and which I hope
may be a warning to them for the future.
We were juſt gone into Monſoon Quarters,
when we received Orders to march with all
Expedition for the Coaſt, where, ſoon after
our Arrival, we embarked on board the King's
Squadron and Tranſports, but by ſetting out
from the Coaſt in the very worſt Seaſon of the
Year, when both Winds and Currents were
againſt us, have been ſeven Weeks at Sea, and
the 3d Day after we left Madraſs, were by
the Current drove to the South Coaſt of Cylon.
We have a great Force on board, commanded
by Colonel Clive, whoſe fecond is Major Kil-
patrick, and ſhall in a few Days either get into
a Scrape, or bring the Nabob of Bengall into
one, being near Balaſore Road; all our Fleet
in Company, except the Company's Ship
Marlborough, and a Fire Ship.
L
Dear

( 82 )
W.
Calcutta, Feb. I, 1757. Bengall.
Dear Sir,
E arrived in the Ganges the 12 ult, and
the 15th at Fulta (the unhappy Ren-
dezvous of our poor Countrymen, who were
excluded their Settlements) we remained here
putting our Land and Sea Forces in order, till
the 28th at Night, when we fail'd for Bugi
Bugi Port, it being the ſtrongeſt the Moors had
on the River, the 29th at Night, we landed at
Mypone, about four Miles below that Fortreſs,
and march'd till eight next Morning without
halting, except what our two Field Pieces
occafioned, which were drawn by Laſcars, tho
often out of Sight in Mud and Water. The
30th in the Morning, we found ourſelves about
two Miles from the Fort, and about the ſame
Diſtance from the River ; about 8, the Kent,
Tyger and Saliſbury came to, and began a moſt
furious Cannonade. The Reaſon of this forc'd
and hazardous March was, to cut off the Gar-
riſon's Retreat, and prevent a Reinforcement
from Calcutta, who were then on their march
About 10, when we were amuſing ourſelves
with the Fire from the Ships, we were alarm’d;
and in about ten Minutes after, a Body of
3000
Horſe were within Piſtol Shot of us: Our Peo-
ple ſtood the Shock, and our two Field Pieces
flank'd them with Grape and Round, which
oblig'd them to retreat, tho they rallied ſeve-
ral

( 83 )
ral Times with great Reſolution. The En-
gagement laſted an Hour, and was juſt over,
when 1000 of our brave Coaſt Seapoys join'd
us, who were poſted on the River-ſide with
Part of Adlercron's Regiment. They left near
500 on the Field, with Horſes, Camels, and
one Elephant. We loft but one Officer, En-
ſign Kerr, a Relation of Lord Ancram’s. Our
Lofs of Men were inconſiderable. At three
in the Afternoon we march'd down to the Ri.
ver-ſide, which covered us from the Fort; the
Ships keeping a conſtant Fire, before Night
made ſeveral Breaches, while our whole Body
diſpoſed themſelves, and made it ſo hot for
the Beſieged, that their Fire did little Execu-
tion. At ten we ſtorm'd and took it, when
our poor unfortunate Friend Dugald Campbell,
going on a Baſtion to forbid the Sailors and
Seapoys firing from without, as they were
killing our own Men, was ſhot dead on the
Spot, and wounded in five Places ; he died
univerſally eſteemed and regretted, and was a
Favourite with every Body, beſides being in a
fair way of inaking a plentiful Fortune in a
few Years. We demolith'd part of the Works ;
on the gift ipik'd up the Guns. Put to Sea
and fails for Pannas Forts, about eight Miles
below Calcutta, the ift, but they abandon'd
them on our Approach. The Saliſbury was
L 2
left

( 84 )
left a Guard-ſhip here, and the 2d of Jan.
we march'd over Land, while the Admiral
and Tyger came before Calcutta, which held
out half an Hour, and kill'd the Tyger feven
or eight Men.
They had no Notion of our
being able to take it, as they had built an ele
gant Moſque, and left the Company's Ware-
houſes almoſt full of Goods. We are clear
ing and fortifying the place with all Expedi-
tion, and have got a fortified Camp four Miles
diſtant, where we expect an Engagement foon,
as a Body of Moors, &c. are about 20 Miles
diſtant. We have taken, fince we came here,
the great City of Hughly, forty Miles up the
River, and reduced moſt of it to a Heap of
Rubbiſh. When Calcutta was taken by the
Moors in June laſt, Lieutenant Scot, the Colo-
nel's Nephew, Buchanan of Craigavern, Lieu-
tenant Simpſon, and a Son of Sir James Fohn-
fton, were killed amongſt the reſt. I men-
tion theſe, as perhaps you know ſome of
them.
boa via Yours, &c.
nient tools
longbowe
A. B.
do ano a qu 18
D'une vallud
van die
dorgy A 10.110
А

( 85 )
A LIST of Perſons when the Moors
took Bengall.
Edward Eyre
D. Frire
William Baillie
William Dumbleton
Rev. W. Bellamy
Porter
John Jink
William Cocher
Roger Raifelly
Mich. Callings
John Law
Mich. Oſborn
Thomas Coats Captain Buchannan
James Valicourt Captain Clayton
William Smith
KILL’por ESCAPED TO
John Wilkinſon
Stair Dalrymple
FULTA.
William Thouſly
Captain Witherington
Stephen Page Captain Smith
. Lieutenant Biſhop
Grubb
Harold
Picard
Talbot
Nat. Drake
Dodd
Enſigns Bellamy
Toriano
Haſtings
Johnſon
Wedderton
Blagg
Orr
Captains Flund
Thomas Blaney
Simpſon
Thomas Leach
Tidcombe
F. Stephenſon
ESCAPED.
William Parker
Governor Drake
John Blandall
Charles Marrington
Thomas Parnall
P. R. Perks
J. Janire
William Frankland
J. Meadows 10 keq William Mackelles
Captain
home. Byng

( 86 )
Captain Minchin
C. H. Cruttenden
Captain Graneyan Day
D. Graham
William Summer William Nixan
John Crooke
F. Walmſley
William Billers J. Pelham
William Summere
E. Ridge
Charles Ohara J. Mackpherſon
William Rider
G. Hillers
William Ellis
C. Child
William Lindſey
F. Atkinſon
William Took
J. Auſtins
Luſhington F. Read
T. Wafumer
Mon. Montague
A. Beaumount
J. Weddrington
S. Margae
Captain Saunders
William Cavalho
Captain Baillie
C. Douglas
Pyfinch
H. Wedderburn D. Rainnie
Carolaire
PRISONERS.
B. H. Batriſh
R. B. Mappletoft T. Z. Holwell but has
Doctors Gray
made his Eſcape
Fullerton Richard Couſt
Knoſe, Jun.
Burdell
Taylor Enſign Walcott. and
T. Wood
the Decia Factory,
ge
aca
em como Philadelphia, July 28.
Ince our laſt came to Town Peter Lewney,
who, about a Year paſt, has been among
the French and Indians at Fort Detroit, ſays he
was an Enſign of a Company of Rangers in the
bingo
back
Sin
a

[ 87 ]
back Parts of Virginia, of 70 Men, command-
ed by Capt. John Smith: Laſt Summer the
Frontier Inhabitants, being greatly diſtreſs'd by
the Incurſions of the Enemy, their whole Com-
pany went in different Parties to their Aflift-
ance, except the Captain, he, and nine private
Men, who were in a Blockhouſe, with fix
Women and five Children : June 25, 1756,
were attack'd by a Body of Indians, and ſome
French, defended themſelves near a Day, when
they kill'd 32 Indians, and 3 French, loſt 2,
another and himſelf wounded ; oblig'd to ſur-
render their Houſe, being ſet on Fire; then
carry'd off; the Indians of four Tribes divided
the Priſoners, and parted : Before they came
to the Lower Shawaneſe Town (where he ſup-
poſes there were about 300 Indians) the Sha-
waneſe made a Sacrifice of one Cole, whom they
roaſted alive, and tormented a whole Night
before he expir’d, in Sight of the French, who
ſeem'd unconcern'd at their horrid Barbarity,
nor ever endeavour'd to reſtrain them, notwith-
ſtanding the moving Intreaties and bitter Com-
plaints of the poor Man; they alſo killed and
ſcalped another Man on the Road, he being
old and unable to travel; he was the only one
carry'd to Detroit, where there are about 300
French Families ſettled, in what is called the
Town, they have about 100 Houſes ; have
Plenty of Filh ; Land rich, raiſe Wheat and
Peas, have very good Crops; and the Indians
of two or three Nations very numerous : While
at Detroit an Indian King adopted him his Bro-
ther, on which he was well uſed, and often at
their

[ 881
their Counſels with the French, being dreſs’d
and painted as the Indians, and not known by
the French, living in every reſpect as they did.
At a Conference, he heard the French Com-
mander order the Indians to go to Fort Duqueſne,
and then to Fort Cumberland, and deſtroy all
the Engliſ Inhabitants : The Beginning of
April, a greát Body of Indians ſet off for Dua
quefne in Parties, each having ſome French with
them: About the middle of June he left De-
troit, with a ſmall Party of Indians, going to
Niagara with Furs to purchaſe Indian Goods :
From Detroit to Niagara is about 280 Miles,
on the Falls of the latter the French have a
fmall Fort, where they keep 30 Men; at Nia-
gara there is a Fort of 24 Guns, fix, nine and
twelve Pounders, and about 300 Men: While
at Niagara, he met with one W. Phillips, of
Nero York, taken at Oſwego, they agreed to eſ-
cape ; the Night before they left it, 280 French
arriv'd from Cadaraqui, deſtin’d for Fort Dua
quefne, they encamp'd that Night, ſet out next
Day, but he and Phillips went off before them;
They travell’d about 200 Miles (the Land bad,
and moſtly drown'd) when they came to of:
wego, without ſeeing an Indian, which and
Fort Ontario they found entirely deſtroyed;
then came to the Mohawk River, were kindly
receiv'd by the Indians, who gave them Victu-
als, of which they were in great Want; they
got to All any the 12th; whence he proceeded
to this City, now gone to Virginia to his Pa-
rents. Born in this Town, is about 23. Capt.
Smith was given to the French, and fent to
Canada in the Spring.
A

( 89 )
T
A Journal of the Siege of St. Phillips in
Minorca, from April 16, to June 28, 1756.
April 16,
6T
Hough the Garriſon of Minorca
1756.
had for ſeveral Months before
been informed of the French Preparations at
Toulon, and the adjacent Towns in the South
of France, it was not till this Night that we
were convinced the Armament was intended
againſt Minorca, when the Pacquet came in
from Villa Franca, after having failed through
the French Fleet, and gave us the firſt Intelli-
gence of their being near the Iſland.
Saturday 17. The French Fleet, conſiſting
of 12 Sail of the Line, and an infinite number
of Tranſports, appear’d off Fornelles ; and on
that Account Capt. Dallin, by Gen. Blakeney's
Orders, march'd from thence with his Com-
pany to St. Phillip's Caſtle. The Town-guard
was augmented to 60 Men, and Centries plac'd
from the Quay to St. Stephen's Cove, a Captain
at Marlborough Fort, a Subaltern at the princi-
pal Barrier, one Subaltern at St. Stephen's, and
one at the Royal Battery.
Sunday 18. Early this Morning the French
Fleet appeared in Sight of Ciudadella, on which
the five Companies of the King's own Regi-
ment, under the Command of Major Read,
retir'd from thence, and march'd for St. Phil.-
lips, according to General Blakeney's Orders ;
and brought off with them two Field Pieces.
In the Afternoon the French began their Diſ-
embarkation at and near to Ciudadella. Major
Cunningham went with a Party to pull down
M
the

I go ]
the Bridges, and break
up
the Road, covered
by a Captain's Party.
Monday 19. A Field Officer's Command ſent
to Mahon, and took Poft at the Grey Friary
Hill, and Col. Cornwallis's Regiment march'd
into the Caſtle.
Tueſday 20. Sprung a Mine on the Hill by
the Grey Friary to deſtroy the Road, but it did
not ſucceed; ſent a Captain's Command to
Engliſh Cove, and another to middle Mount,
to ſecure the Retreat of the Field Officer's
Party from Mahon, who retir'd from thence this
Evening; an advanced Party of the Enemy
having then taken Poſt at Alajore. This Day
Commodore Edgecombe failed with the Cheſter-
field, Capt. Lloyd, leaving all the Marines of
the Princeſs Louiſa and Portland, with the Gi-
braltar Detachment from on board his own Ship.
Wedneſday 21. The Princeſs Louiſa, Port-
land and Dolphin failed, but Capt. Scrope, with
the principal Part of the Dolphin's, and all the
Proſerpine's Crew, remained as a ſmall Rein-
forcement to the Garriſon ; the fame Day an
advanc'd Party of the Enemy appear’d on this
Side of Makon; a Part of the Garriſon were
employ'd in bringing in empty Caſks from the
Town, and in deſtroying the faſcine Battery
that was erected at the Quay to defend the
Entrance of the Harbour.
Thurſday 22. The Lieut. Governor ſent a
Drummer to the French General with a Let-
ter, to know his Reaſons for making an hoſtile
Deſcent on the Iſland: He likewiſe propoſed
to Capt. Scrope, that the Boom which was laid
acrois

[ 911
Acroſs the Harbour to obſtruct the Entrance,
might be cut and brought off, but it was Capt.
Scrope's Opinion, it would be attended with
too much Difficulty, as it was ſo firmly ſecur'd
with Anchors and Chains, &C.
Friday 23. The Drummer who had been
detain'd all Night return'd this Day about one;
he had been taken to the Marſhal Duke de
Richlieu, at his head Quarters at Alajore, where
his Encampment then extended near a Mile,
both in going and returning they blind-folded
him at Midle, where they then had their ad-
vanced Guard : In his Return before he came
to Mahon, he obſerved ſeveral Pieces of Cannon
in the Road. The Letter he brought from the
Duke de Richlieu declar'd the Marſhal's Inten-
tions to endeavour at the Poffeffion of the Iſland
of Minorca, for the ſame Reaſons that his Bri-
tannic Majeſty had detain'd the Ships belong-
ing to the Subjects of his moſt Chriſtian Ma-
jeſty. Yeſterday the Proſerpine Fireſhip was
ſunk at the Entrance of the Harbour, and the
Enemy took Poffeffion of the Prizes, and car-
ry'd them nearer to Mahon.
Saturday 24. The French Men of War came
round in Sight of the Garriſon. The Town-
Guard, now a Captain's, ſtill remain'd out, not-
withſtanding the Enemy were at a ſmall Di-
ſtance.
Sunday 25. This Morning the French Fleet
appeared at South-eaſt, ſtanding towards the
Harbour; the Sea Batteries are mann'd, ex-
pecting they would have attempted to force the
Harbour, but they fell to Leeward of Cape
Mola,
M2

[ 92 )
Mcla, then tack'd and ſtood to South-weſt;
the principal Barrier and Sally-port by the
North-eaſt Ravelin were this Morning began
to be ſhut up.
Monday 26. The French Fleet appeared off
South of the Harbour, and remain'd there till
Evening cruiſing off and on, and then brought
to, the Admiral detach'd three of the Squa-
dron to the Eaſt in Chace, the Wind weſt. By
a Spaniſh Woman who came to the principal
Barrier we had a Report, that an Engliſh Fleet
was ſeen off Ciudadella ; at Night the French
Fleet ſtood to the Weſtward ; ſeveral ſignal
Guns were heard, and falſe Fires ſeen from
them ; a large Party of the Enemy were ſeen
this Day at Cape Mola, which we ſuppoſed had
been landed from the Fleet.
Tueſday 27. About One this Morning the
Garriſon was alarm'd by the Report of a Ship's
ſtanding in for the Harbour. The Enemy
march'd early a conſiderable Party towards the
Back of Stanhope's Tower. A Ship of the Iſland
came into the Harbour from Genoa. The Caſtle
fired a Shot at her, and brought her to an An-
chor under the Guns of the Fortreſs. About
11, there was an Exchange of ſome ſmall Shot,
between the Queen's Redoubt Guard and ſome
ſtraggling French Soldiers in the Town, it's
imagin'd one of them was kill'd. The French
Fleet appear'd again from the Weſtward.
Wedneſday 28. The French Fleet off, the
Wind eaſterly; the Guards this Morning pa-
raded in the Communication leading from the
main Ditch to the Ditch of the Cumberland
Battery :
a

[ 93 )
]
Battery; and in the Communication leading
from the Queen's Redoubt to Kane's Lunet,
Boats with ſome few French in them are fre-
quently ſeen paſſing to the oppoſite side of the
Harbour, and near to Quarantine Iſland. A-
bout two the French Fleet, conſiſting then of
12 Sail, ſtood in for the Port in two Diviſions,
and in Line of Battle, with all the Appearances
of an Intention to enter ; on which the Sea
Batteries were immediately mann'd; they came
within a League of the Port, when the Ad-
miral, being the head-moft Ship, tack'd and
ſtood off, the reſt follow'd. This Day we
heard the Enemy were in want of Water, and
on that Account oblig'd to remove their Camp.
Thurſday 29. The French Fleet about two
Leagues to the Southward of the Harbour, the
Wind eaſterly, ſeveral Guns fired from them
in the Night, and great Lights ſeen in their
Camp. As we have no Intelligence from the
French or Minorquins, it is impoſſible to aſcer-
tain their Strength, the Extent of their Camp,
or their Progreſs. They have poſſeſs’d the
Country oppoſite Bloody Iſland, as appears from
their Fires there this Morning ; and of all
the Country from behind the Town of St. Phil-
lips, and Stanhope's Tower towards S. Gracia
and Mahon, in ſeveral Parts of which they have
encamped.
Friday 30. This Morning one only of the
French Fleet in Sight; about nine fired four or
five Guns from the Caſtle at about 14 French
Officers, who were making their Obſervations
and meaſuring the Ground near Phillipet, on
which

[ 94 1
which they diſperſed. About four came the
French Fleet from the Southward, the Wind
weſterly, they conſiſted now of nineteen Sail,
from whence we conjectur'd they had taken
ſome of our Traders. Three or four of the
Enemy were ſeen in the Vineyards, about three
Quarters of a Mile from Marlborough Fort, who
immediately made off on the firing ſome Wall
Pieces and ſmall Arms.
May 1. The Picquets are order'd to mount
at Sun-fet, to continue at their Pofts all Night,
and to be ready all next Day till Sun-ſet, when
freſh Picquets are mounted. The French Fleet
off Marlborough Fort, the Wind variable; three
Spaniſlı Boats went off from the weſtern Part
of the land to them, and continued amongſt
them till the Evening. About three a French
Drummer came with Letters for the Lieut.
Governor, and one for Capt. Hardy, of the
King's own Regiment, from his Wife, who
was at Ciudadella, and in the Hands of the
French. Mr. Boyd went with the Party that
conducted the Drummer out of the Works,
and took that Opportunity to walk up to the
Ground where two Wind-mills had been
pulled down, but could not diſcover any Works
begun on that Side, nor does it appear that they
have begun any Batteries, or brought up any
Cannon as yet. At five, by Order an Alarm
was given by a Drum from the Weſt Lunet,
on which the Troops immediately repaired to
the Alarm Poſt. The Guards were under Arms,
and the Picquets at their reſpective Poſts. This
Alarm

[ 95 1
Alarm was propos'd to try the Readineſs of the
Troops.
Sunday 2. The French Fleet in Sight, their
Number increas’d to 18 or 19 Sail, the Wind
freſh at North-eaſt. At nine a Drum-major
went to Mahon with a Letter from the Lieut.
Governor to the Duke de Richlieu. At 7 in
.
the Evening three Guns were fired from the
Queen's Redoubt at a Ship ſeen croſſing the
Harbour, from the North-eaſt Side towards
Quarantine Iſland, as it was imagin'd ſhe was
employ'd in tranſporting Men to the North-
eaſt side of the Harbour, where from their
Number frequently ſeen there, it is conjectur'd
they are carrying on ſome Works. Their Camp,
as far as can be judged from what is ſeen from
the Cavaliers of the Caſtle, ſeems to extend
from the great Mount oppoſite the faliant An-
gle of the Weſt Lunet, to the Milkhouſe on
the North-eaſt Side of the Harbour.
Monday 3. Only two Sail of the French Fleet
in Sight ; feveral Guns fired from the Queen's
Redoubt at a very conſiderable Party of the
Enemy, marching along the Hills on the
North-eaſt Side of the Harbour, many of them
appear'd to be Pioneers; a very ſtrong Party
ſeen this Morning at Cape Mola Signal-houſe
relieving their Guard ; a conſiderable Body on
the Neck of Land adjoining to Cape Mola,
forming fome Battery, ſeveral Shot were fired
at them, and ſome Shells thrown, one of which
ſeem'd to have been thrown with great Succeſs,
as the Enemy upon its burſting diſpers’d and
quitted the Place. About one a French Sol-
dier

[ g6 1
a
dier came within a hundred and fifty Paces of
the principal Barrier without Arms, and by his
Geſtures ſeemed deſirous of deſerting; yet tho
encouraged and beckoned to by ſeveral Officers
and Soldiers within the covert Way, on the
Appearance of two or three without Arms,
who advanc'd upon the Glacis to receive him,
he turn'd ſuddenly, and was making off, on
which the Centinels by Order fired and ſhot
him, with Difficulty he reach'd the Houſes,
and there died. The Fleet all Day at a great
Diſtance to Leeward of the Iſland, the Wind
blowing very freſh at South-weſt. .
Tueſday 4. Moſt of the French Fleet in Sight
of the Harbour Mouth, the Wind very freſh
at North-eaſt ; ſeveral Shells thrown towards
the Neck of Land on the North-eaſt Side the
Harbour, where it is very certain the Enemy
are carrying on ſome Work. The Duty being
extremely hard on the Subalterns, on Appli-
cation to Lieut. Col. Jefferyes that the Adju-
tants might do Duty as Officers, and the Duty
of Adjutants be done by the Serjeant Majors;
which Col. Jefferyes conſented to, and to ren-
der the Duty of the Subalterns ſtill eafier, two
Subalterns were taken off, viz. one at the Ca-
rolina Lunet, and from Kane's Lunet. It hav-
ing been found inconvenient to mount Guard
and do Duty by a long Rollo, as in caſe of an
Alarm that the Regiments are out, Officers
may be wanting to fome, it is thought necef-
ſary to alter the Method of mounting Guards
and other Duty, and to do them by a Roſter,
by

[ 97 )
by which means a more equal number of Offi-
cers of each Regiment are off Duty.
Wedneſday 5. The French Fleet about 5 in
the Afternoon feen coming from the Weſt-
ward, the Wind weſterly, ſeveral Shells
thrown, and frequent Firing towards the
North-eaſt Side of the Harbour. This Night
two Carcaſſes thrown to Cape Mola, as we
heard the Beſiegers had broke Ground there
the Third.
Thurſday 6. Laſt Night, fent two Men to St.
Phillip's Town, who reconnoitred all the way
up the Line Wall, and thro' the Streets from
the Tower, by Major Innis's Houſe, towards
Stanhope's Tower, but could neither ſee or
hear any Works going on, or diſcover they
had brought up any Cannon; two Works ap-
pear to be thrown up on Cape Mola Side, and
a conſtant Firing both Night and Day directed
at the Faſcine Work, nearer to the Signal Houſe.
Friday 7. This Morning, ſaw the Enemy
had opened 5 Embrazures in the left of the
two Works, but maſked with Sand-bags; and
as the right Work does not appear to be at all
advanced during the Night, the Fire is now
intirely directed to the left Work, one of our
braſs Mortars burſt by our own Firing; the
Maſonry of our Works gives way by the Ex-
plofion of our own Guns; all Works in the
Garriſon are now carried on in the Night.
This Evening a Serjeant and ſome private Men
were ordered out to reconnoitre about the
Town of St. Phillip's, but were taken by the
Enemy
N
Satur-

1 98 )
Saturday 8. The French began early to
cannonade and bombard the Caſtle from their
Batteries. On Cape Mola Side, a conſtant
and warm Firing kept on them ; about 12 their
Firing abated for ſome Time; in the Night
their Cannonading ceaſed, and but very few
Shells from them; whence 'tis imagin'd, they
were hurt by our Batteries. The higheſt Na-
ture of their Guns on Cape Mola Battery were
26 Pounders, and their largeſt Mortars 13
Inches; two of our Guns diſmounted by their
Shells: two Soldiers of Lord Effingham's kill'd
by one of our Guns, not being ſufficiently
ſpunged; one of the fame Regiment had his
Thigh broke by a Shell, and another his
Skull fractur'd ; two or three ſlightly wound-
ed. At Night a Number of the Enemy ad-
vanced towards the Glacis, between Kane's
Lunette, and the principal Barrier; they re-
ceived a ſmart and regular Fire from Kane's
Lunette, on which they returned, after having
given their Fire; we ſuppoſe them Pioneers,
under a covering Party, breaking Ground
ſomewhere about the Spot where the Engi-
neer's Houſe ſtood ; ordered this Day, not to
fire the ſame Gun above once an Hour, there
being many bad Guns, and the Embrazures
flight.
Sunday 9. About 12 of the French Ships in
Sight; at 9 at Night, Marlborough Fort in-
ſulted by Parties of ſmall Arms, who conti-
nued firing on the Bonett about an Hour.
Monday 10. The French came in Sight from
the Weſtward about 12, the Wind freſh at
North-

[ 99 ]
3
North-weſt; ſome few ftraggling Soldiers
came within ſpeaking Diſtance of Marlborough
Fort, we apprehend the Enemy are forming
a Battery, near where the two Wind-mills
were deſtroyed. Ordered, that none of the
Batteries ſhould fire without Orders from the
Field Officer of the Day ; but the Inconve-
niency of this being ſoon found, the Order
was revoked, and the Firing was left to the
Officers.
Tueſday 11. The French Fleet in Sight to
the South-eaſt, Wind freſh at North-eaſt, the
Enemy's Wheel Carriages, in the Road be-
tween Stanhope's Tower and the Town, made
a great Noiſe. Captain Flight of Opinion,
that by firing a Volley from all the Guns
that bore on the Enemy's Gun Battery, at
Cape Mola, he could more effectually filence
it; inſtead of which, we only now and then
fired a Shot, on Account of the Weakneſs of
our own Works.
Wedneſday 12. The Rattling of the Enemy's
Carriages heard laſt Night, as before, a con-
ſtant Cannonading and Bombarding kept upon
the Town all Night. The Faſcines and
Works that appear to be carrying on from
the Back of Houſes, by the Wind-mills, now
judged to be a Part of the firſt Parrallel, de-
figned to embrace the faliant Angle of the
Weſt Lunet. Between 8 and 9 in the Even-
ing, the Enemy opened two Bomb Batteries ;
one near to Major Innis's Houſe, and one
where the two Wind-mills ſtood. The Bomb
Battery near Major Innis's Houſe, was of
5
Mor-
N 2

[ 100 l
Mortars, and the other near the Burying-
Ground, or Wind-mill, of 3. The Boom
this Night fell down as far as the Ditch of the
Anſtruther.
Thurſday 13. The Fire kept up very warm
on both Sides, the French Fleet intirely off
the Coaſt, the Wind very freſh at North-eaſt.
By two Spaniſh Women, who came to the
Barrier, we heard the Serjeant and private
Men of the Welſh Fuzileers, were Priſoners at
the Town Guard at Mohon. Upon farther
Obſervation of the Enemy's Works, we
thought neceſſary to begin a Battery in the
Place of Arms, before the Bridge of the
North-Weſt Ravelin.
Friday 14. The Fleet ſtill out of Sight.
This Morning, about Gun-firing, a French
Soldier of the Soiſſonnois Regiment, was
wounded and brought into the Garriſon, he
ſaid the French Army conſiſted of three Bri-
gades, but that more were expected. That
in a Day or two the Beſiegers would open
2 more Batteries, I of 8 Guns, near the
Wind-mills, and 1 of 3 in the lower End of
the Town. That the Regiment he belonged
.
to, was ordered to the Affiſtance of the Gun-
ners; that he was one of a Party of Pioneers
of 300 Men, that the working Parties were
covered by Grenadiers and volunteers, and
that the Guards were about 50 each. Our
Fire was ſo briſk, that we deſtroyed part of
their Faſcine Work near the Wind-mills.
Saturday 15. The French Fleet ſtill out of
Sight, tho' a ſoutherly Wind all Day. This
Af-

[ 101 ]
Afternoon, 2, if not 3 Embrazures ſeen from
the Caſtle, to be opened in the new Work,
which is ſuppoſed to be their firſt Parallel.
A 13 Inch Shell from the Enemy burſt 2-
mong
fome 32 Pound Cartridges, and fired 5 5
Guns upon the north Counter Guard, but
luckily hurt none, yet did great Miſchief to
,
the Battery.
Sunday 16. Some of the French Fleet came
in Sight from the Weſtward. The French
have now 4 Embrazures, at their new Work,
near the Burying Ground. They continue
working in the Hollow, by. Major Innis's
Houſe, but it does not appear, that they are
opening any Embrazures. A French Officer
came in from the General of the Day, to re-
monſtrate againſt an unlawful Weapon, that
he pretended was fired out of our ſmall
Arms. This was ſuppoſed to be a Pretence
to gain Time to work at their Batteries : he
brought Captain Dundas a Letter, from Mrs.
Dundas at Barcelona ; he ſtayed about an
Hour, and immediately on his being gone,
we began firing very violently; the ſame
Day, a Shell falling into the Magazine of
Powder at the Queen's Redoubt, blew up a
Barrel and a half, ſeveral large Cartridges,
and ſet fire to ſeveral Shells, but very happily
hurt nobody.
Monday 17. The French Fleet in Sight of
the Harbour's Mouth. The Beſiegers opened
their new Battery near the Burying Ground
early, with 2 Guns, and a Battery with 3
Howitzers ; near the Garden-wall of Stan-
hope's

[ 102 ]
hope's Tower; notwithſtanding the inceſſant
Firing and Bombarding all Night. At the
End of the Coſs-fheets, near the Line-wall,
they have thrown up Intrenchments of Earth,
Faſcines, and Gabions; but which its fup-
poſed, is only to cover their paffing and re-
paffing. At Noon, another French Officer
came with a Letter for the Lieutenant Go-
vernor; but, as he would not ſubmit to be
blind-folded, he was not admitted into the
Works, but waited on the Glacis, till an An-
fwer was brought him from the Lieute-
nant Governor. I ſhould obſerve, that in the
Morning, Mr. Boyd went to the French Com-
mander in the Trenches, with an Anſwer to
the Remonſtrance of the Day before, and as
they had not blind-folded him, the Officer
who came in laſt, infifted upon it, that no Of-
ficer ſhould be blind-folded, notwithſtanding
Cuſtom pleaded, and an Inſtance given of
Lord George Sackville, who was ſo treated,
when he went from the Duke of Cumberland
to Marſhal Saxe.
Tueſday 18. Early, an unhappy Accident,
by a Shell, which forced its Entrance into a
Room, under the Gorge of the North-weſt
inner Ravelin, fired a Quantity of Powder,
entirely ruined the Gorge, and filled that Part
of the main Ditch with Rubbiſh, ſo as almoſt
to afford an eaſy Deſcent into it; one Woman
was ſuffocated in the Ruins. Two Soldiers
of Lord Efingham's killed, and ſome others
wounded by the Enemy's Shells, while they
were endeavouring to extinguiſh the Fire. In
the

( 103 )
the Afternoon, diſcovered two Embrazures
they had opened, behind a Wall, to the right
of the Gabions, near Major Innis's Houſe, but
a conſtant Fire of four 32 Pounders, being
kept upon them from the Anftruther, they
were foon rendered uſeleſs.
Wedneſday 19. This Morning another un-
fortunate Accident, by a Shell which came in-
to the Caſtle Square, and forced its way into
a ſubterranean Apartment, ſuppoſed Bomb
Proof, where ſome of Captain Scrope's Sea-
men were lodged, 5 of them killed, and 2
wounded. At Day break, the Beſiegers O-
pened 6 Embrazures in the Work near the
burying Ground, from 4 of which, and their
Bomb Batteries, now four, they opened very
briſkly, after having been tolerably quiet. all
Night.
About 1, a Fleet in Sight from the Weſt-
ward, of 17 large Ships; and which, from
ſeveral Circumſtances, we are in joyful Ex-
pectations, are Engliſh. Two of them appear
to be Flag Ships, leading 2 different Diviſions
(viz.) A blue Flag at the Main-top; and the
other, a red Flag at the Mizen; 1, if not
more, have the Appearance of 3 decked Ships,
which are larger than any yet ſeen in the
French Fleet. On their firſt Appearance, the
French at Cape Mola Signal-houſe, hung out
3 Balls to the Weſtward, and a large red Flag
at the oppoſite Pole, and frequently made
Smoaks on the Top of the Signal-houſe,
which were repeated at a Farm-houſe called
St. Anthony, about a Mile nearer Mahon. Mr.
Boyd

( 104 )
Boyd went out about 7, even in a fix oar'd
Boat, to get on board, they being then above
2 Leagues diſtant. So ſoon as a Party of the
Enemy who were behind the Turk's Mount
diſcover'd him, (which was before he got far
from Land) they fired ſeveral Platoons of ſmall
Arms, and 3 Cannon-ſhot at the Boat, which
luckily he eſcaped, and under the Cover of
the Night, he ſtood off towards the Fleet;
but deſpairing of reaching them, as they were
then ſtanding to the Southward, and being
likewiſe chaced by two ſmall Veſſels, he put
back, and arrived ſafe between 11 and 12.
He diſcovered that the Enemy were forming
a very ſtrong Battery upon the Coaſt, which
he ſays muſt be deſigned to command the
uſual anchoring Place, called the Mooring ;
and between 6 or 800 of the Enemy upon the
Hills, looking at the Fleet, which we after-
wards underſtood, were their Pickets turned
out to guard the Coaſt.
Thurſday 20. A very ſmart Fire kept on
both Sides. The Fleet out of Sight, but from
their Signal yeſterday of deſcrying an Enemy,
it is hoped they are in Chace of the French
Fleet, as a Ship ſuppoſed to be one of the
French Scouts, was diſcerned at the ſame Time
the Signal was made. Four of the Guns on
the Battery near the Burying Ground are en-
tirely filenced, and have been for ſome Hours.
- About
4. this Afternoon, their Battery took
fire, and a conſtant Diſcharge of ſmall Arms
kept upon them from the weſt Lunet, to
prevent their extinguiſhing it, which they re-
turned

[ 105 ]
turned from behind the Houſes. Several
Ships came in Sight again from the Southward,
with a very light Breeze from the South-
weſt, and were near 3 Leagues diſtant at
Sun-ſet. This Night the Beſiegers fired from
2 Mortars behind Turk’s Mount. .
Friday 21. Orders given for the Guards to pa-
rade before Dawn for the future, that a greater
Number of Men may be under Arms, when
its apprehended we are moſt liable to be at-
tacked. The Ships that appear'd yeſterday
Noon prove to be the French Fleet, and are
now off Cape Mola, but no Appearance of the
Engliſh Fleet.
Some Deſerters from them
ſay, that the Evening the Fleet was in Sight,
all the French Picquets were turned out under
Arms on the ſouthern Coaſts, to prevent any
landing. They likewiſe affirmed, that there
had been an Engagement betwen the two
Fleets, and that ours had been worſted; that
the French Army were 18,000, being 9 Bri-
gades, each of 4 Battalions, that they have
near 100 Braſs Cannon, and are endeavouring
to diſcover our Mines, but differ in regard to
the Spot where they are countermining.
Saturday 22. The French Fleet in Sight all
Day, cloſe to the Back of Cape Mola, moſt of
them with their Boats out, moored a-ſtern.
About 7 the French Army fir'd a Feu-dejoye,
which ran thro' their Camp with a general
Diſcharge of all their Artillery, and concluded
with firing all their Batteries, both Mortar and
Gun Batteries,
Sunday 23. The French Fleet in Sight, and
fo
a

[ 106 ]
ſo cloſe, that it was imagined ſome of them
would have been a-ſhore on Cape Mola.
Monday 24. The French Fleet cruiſing off
the Harbour. The Beſiegers cannonaded the
Queen's Redoubt with two Guns from their
Wind-mill Battery, the Embrazures of which
purpoſely faced that Way.
Tueſday 25. The French Fleet ftill cruiſing
off. The Beſiegers were heard, the former
Part of the Night, making a Noiſe with
Wheel Carriages, on the Back of the Town,
between the Town Guard and their Battery,
near the Burying-ground, they are at Work
in repairing and encreaſing that Battery.
Wedneſday 26. The Beſiegers have 5 Guns
at the Wind-mills, but fire very little from
them, two of them bear upon the Weſt Fire
of the Queen's Redoubt, and have impair'd it
greatly, but not ſo as to be of any dangerous
Conſequence.
Thurſday 27, The French Fleet to the Eaſt-
ward of Cape Mola. Several Days paſt the
Enemy have given us very little Annoyance,
nor does it yet appear that they have made any
great Progreſs towards the Acquiſition of the
Place, or have proceeded with that Vigour
that might have been apprehended from ſo
formidable an Army.
Friday 28. The French Fleet off the Har-
bour, their Number encreaſed to 27, but no
Addition of Men of War. Several Ships
parted from the Fleet in the Afternoon to
che Eaſtward; its imagined theſe Veffels have
brought them more Troops or Stores. This
Evening

[ 107 ]
Evening the French Admiral, and ſeveral others
of the Ships fired upwards of 30 Guns at a
ſmall Boat which came round from Cape Mola
under French Colours, paſt the Harbour's
Mouth, and ſtood in under Turk’s Mount.
Saturday 29. Laſt Night, and early this
Morning, the French Fleet were very cloſe to
the Harbour almoſt becalmed ; not one Shot
or Shell from the Enemy this Night, nor does
it appear they have much repaired their Bat-
tery near the Burying-ground; but at their
Bomb Battery behind Major Innis's Houſe they
have now ſeven Mortars. About 7 this After-
.
noon they fired from a Ricochet Battery of
3 Guns, which lays conceal'd behind a rockey
Part, a little to the Right of the Summit of
Turk’s Mount, moſt of their Shot went clear
over the Caſtle.
Sunday 30. The French Fleet entirely out of
Sight. The Beſiegers continue firing in the
ſame manner from the Turk’s Mount. They
have fired very little for ſeveral Days paſt from
any of their Batteries, except from the Bomb
Battery behind Major Innis's, but particularly
from their Gun Battery near the Burying-
ground, four Embrazures of which are now
filled up, and the whole Battery very much
damaged by our conſtant Fire both of Shot and
Shells upon it.
Monday 31. The French Fleet ftill out of
Sight. About 1 a large Ship came in Sight
from the Weſtward, and ſtood to the South-
eaſt. It is diſcovered that the Enemy have
collected a great Quantity of Earth, at the
Back
O 2

( 108 )
Back of Whitham's Fives-Court. In the Even-
ing ſeveral of Capt. Scrope's Seamen ordered
on board the Geneva Veſſel, and fit her with
all Expedition for the Sea. The French heard
very buſy all Night; great Firing on both
Sides.
Tueſday, June 1. Thirteen or 14 of the French
Fleet again off the Harbour. This Morning
four 12 Pounders were mounted on the new
faſcine Battery. The Beſiegers are carrying
on a Work of Gabions, from the Fives Court,
to Stanhope's Tower, but whether it is intend-
ed for a Battery, or only the Continuance of
a Parallel from the Town, is not certain.
Two Grenadiers of the Royal Welch Fuzileers
deſerted to the French ; its imagined they made
their Eſcape at the Royal Battery.
Wedneſday 2. The French Fleet to the Eaſt-
ward of Cape Mola, but a large Polacca is
cruiſing off the Mouth of the Harbour. The
Beſiegers have evidently been working on the
Gabionade, between the Fives Court and Stan-
hope's Tower, notwithſtanding a very hot and
inceſſant Fire upon them the whole Night;
I of Rich’s Regiment was killed at the Stone
Cavalier, next the Weſt Lunet, by the Splin-
ter of 1 of our Shells; and 2 additional
Gunners of the fame Regiment were blaſted
with the Powder they were loading a Gun
with on Kane's Lunet.
Thurſday 3. The Fleet off the Harbour.
The Beſiegers were very buſy all Night at
their new Works, notwithſtanding our incef-
fant Fire. This Morning they opened upon
us

( 109 )
us with 2 Guns from behind it, with which
they fired Ricochet.
Friday 4. The French Fleet off the Har-
bour. The Beſiegers ſtill buſy all Night on
their new Work, which they have raiſed con-
ſiderably; yet it has only the Appearance of
an Intrenchment, though ſome are of Opi-
nion they diſcover the Places where the Ga-
bions diſcontinue for the Opening of Embra-
zures; very little firing on either Side.
Saturday 5. This Morning diſcovered a
new Battery of 10 Guns, extending from the
Fives-court to Stanhope's Tower ; they likewiſe
opened fix Guns upon us from their Battery
at the Burying-ground, with which, and their
other Batteries, they play'd inceſſantly till Sun-
ſet, when they diſcontinued cannonading, and
ſeveral Men were kill'd and wounded.
Their Batteries now open are,
Guns Mortars Howitz,
Turk's Mount
Stanhope's Tower
4
Two Mills
4
4
New Battery
Major Innis's
5
2
O
mongo
No to
Cape Mola
оооо
10
30
15
4
This Morning Lieut. Armſtrong, of Lord
Effingham's, receiv'd a deſperate Wound on
the Top of the Caſtle, by a Cannon from
their new Battery.
Sunday 6. The Beſiegers diſcontinued can-
nonading all Night, were employ'd in repair-
ing

[ 110 ]
ing their works that ſuffered in the Day; they
bombarded us very warmly all Night, and in
the Morning began their cannonading as briſk-
ly as the preceding Day. The Fleet ſtill in
View ; feveral Parties of theirs ſeen from the
Marlborough in and about the King's Gardens.
Monday 7. This Morning the Beſiegers
opened another Battery of five Guns in the
Town, a little to the Left of Mr. Boyd's Houſe,
which is that Part of the Town oppoſite the
ſaliant Angle, and Anſtruther's Fort; from
which they have diſabled two of the 32 Pound-
ers, and diſmounted a third upon the cover'd
Way of the Argyle, and a 9 Pounder at the
Anjiruther. They were employ'd all Night in
clearing away the Houſes from before their
Battery, which drew upon them the Fire of
the ſmall Arms from the Kane, &c. but they
return'd it again from the Windows in different
Parts of the Town. Our new faſcine Battery
was opened this Morning, but ſoon filenc'd
by a Shell from the Enemy, which damaged
two of the Guns, and by the Fire of their Gun
Battery killd and wounded ſeveral of our Men
upon
it. We fired leſs theſe two laſt days than
any
of the former Part of the Siege, on ac-
count of the Violence of the Enemy's Fire.
In the Afternoon a 24 Pounder upon the north
Baſtion of the Caſtle was demoliſh'd by a Shot
from the fame Battery; all the Works on which
the Beſiegers. Batteries play are ſhatter'd by
their continual Fire.
Tueſday 8. This Morning we fired upon
their
five-Gun-Battery with three 32
Pounders from
the
200

( III )
the Argyle, two 18 Pounders at the Queen's
Redoubt, and four Guns upon the Top of the
Caſtle, but two of the 32 Pounders were ſoon
filenced, (one of them render'd totally uſeleſs,
the other had only the Cap-ſquare broke.) This
Evening the Bed for one of the 13 Inch Mor-
tars was finiſhed, and carry'd to the Top of
the Caſtle, and the Mortar mounted. We
fired ſomewhat more than Yeſterday, and ſo
much damaged the Enemy's Five-Gun-Battery,
that they could not fire from it the whole Day,
we had ſeveral kill'd and wounded, four Sailors
wounded by a blind Shell. The Beſiegers are
obſerv'd to be at work in a large Corn-field
near Quarantine Ifland. There was a frequent
Diſcharge of ſmall Arms, after the Guards
took their poſt in the cover'd Way for ſeveral
Hours; kept firing at the Centinels from Win-
dows, and from Corners of the Streets; the
Fleet off the Harbour all Day.
Wedneſday 9. The Beſiegers have compleat-
ed a Battery for 8 Guns in a Corn-field, on
the Philipette Side of the Harbour, on the
Top of a Hill, about 1200 Yards to the North-
ward of the faliant Angle of the Argyle. The
three 32 Pounders of the covered Way of Ar-
gyle are filenced, and the Fire from the Be-
ſiegers Battery near Mr. Boyd's being ſo much
above it, the Gunners are not able to ſtand at
the Battery
Thurſday 10. The Beſiegers opened their 8
Gun Battery, and directed their Fire chiefly
at the Argyle ; and the north Face of the
Queen's Redoubt. This Morning the 3 Guns
a
on

[112]
а.
on the South-weſt inner Ravelin were again
fired, after having been filent ſome Time to
repair the Platforms.
Friday 11. The Beſiegers Fire not ſo warm
as the preceding 2 or 3 Days, but about 4,
our faſcine Battery taking Fire, the Beſiegers
began a furious Cannonading and Bombarding,
which we returned with Warmth. Their molt
conftant Fire are from their 10 and 6 Gun
Batteries ; their 5 Gun Battery is expoſed to
a much ſuperior Fire from the Caſtle, the
Queen's Redoubt, and the three 32 Pounders,
which are now mounted in the covered Way
of the Argyle, ſo that they are rendered almoſt
incapable of firing. The French Fleet are ſtill
in View. The Anſtruther and Argyle, Queen's
Redoubt, Kane's Lunet, Weſt Lunet, the out-
ward, and inner North-weſt Ravelin, the
Weſt Counter-Guard, the North-weſt Cur-
tain, with the North and Weſt Baſtions of the
Caſtle, being at preſent the Front of the At-
tack, are conſequently the Places that have
ſuffered moſt by the Enemy's Fire.
Saturday 12. The Beſiegers did not fire
from their 5 Gun Battery after 9. The Fire
frequently from their Battery on the Phillipette
Side, during the Night, but from no other ;
we had ſeveral killed and wounded. Our new
faſcine Battery took Fire twice, but extinguiſh-
ed both Times with little Damage.
Sunday 13. They began to cannonade early,
and fired very briſkly from all but their 5
Gun Battery ; from which they fire a Gun
ſometimes. About 12, their Fleet came in
View

( 113 )
View from the Weſt-ward. A Shell fell at
the light Hole, into the Communication lead
ing to the Ditch of the Cumberland Battery,
when the Guards were parading; and tho' it
burſt, did no hurt. Firing ſmall Arms on
both Sides all Night.
Monday 14. About 1 this Morning, a De-
ferter from the Regiment de Talletnie, reports,
that 2 more Regiments arrived ; that we killed
and wounded about 2500. In the Afternoon,
a Mad-man without Cloaths deſerted to us.
Tueſday 15. One Face of the Weſt Baſtion,
and the North-weſt Curtain of the Caſtle, ſo
much battered, by the Beſiegers 10 and 6
Gun Batteries, that our Guns are drawn back,
and the Parapet thickened inwards. The fame
done to the North-weſt Face of the Queen's
Redoubt, and the Direction of 2 Embrazures
altered, to bear upon the five Gun Battery.
The Beſiegers have removed
3
of their Mor-
tars, to the right of Stanhope's Tower, from
which they frequently throw Shells to the
Marlborough, from whence they are galled
by two 9 Pounders, that bear upon them, and
upon their Ricochet Battery, nearer Stanhope's
Tower. This Morning Lieutenant Armſtrong
died of his Wounds, after lingering ſome Days,
and is univerſally regretted.
Wedneſday 16. Lieutenant Francis, of Col.
Cornwollis's Regiment, loft his Arm hy the
Splinter of a Shell, on the St. Stephen's Guard;
and Liutenant Young, of the Royal Welch Fu-
zileers, received a Hurt on his Leg, by ſome
Stones falling from the Caſtle. The Beſiegers
P
fire
a

[ 114 ]
fire very little from their 5 Gun Battery, yet
frequently work it by Night. For ſeveral Days
paſt they have fired a deal of Materials,
whence its concluded, they are ſhort of Am-
munition.
Thurſday 17. The Beſiegers buſy great part
of the Night, in pulling down Houfes in the
Town, behind the little Parade, where its
ſuſpected they will ſoon have a Battery. This
Morning they opened a Battery of 3 Embra-
zures, that were deſtroyed by the heavy
Fire of the Argyle, to the Right of their Ga-
bionade, near Major Innis's Houſe. The Scar-
city of Officers, by Abſence, Sickneſs, &c. a
Subaltern was taken off the Queen's Redoubt
Guard. It having been found, that the Quan-
tity of Wine and Aqua Ardentes provided for
the Troops, were inſufficient to anſwer the
preſent Allowance of a Pint per Day of the
former to each Man, and 2 Drams per Day
of the latter, to the Men on Duty. The
Allowance reduced to half a Pint to each
Man per Day of Wine, and i Dram only to
the Gunners, while on their Batteries. Theſe
laſt 24 Hours we had the Misfortune to loſe
ſeveral Men by ſmall Arms. The Enemy
having again opened their 5 Gun Battery, none
of our Gunners can ſtand their Batteries, the
Fire from the Enemy being fo furious. The
French fired ſmall Arms all Night, fome Faf-
cines ſet on fire at the Weſt Lunet; at the ex-
tinguiſhing of which, we had 4 Men killed by
the Enemy.
Friday 18. This Morning we brought 8
Guns

( 115 )
Guns upon the North Face of the North-eaſt
Ravelin, to bear upon the Enemy's 3 Gun
Battery, which have compelled them to defiſt
ever ſince. It appears, that they in the Night
had carried on a ſingle Row of Gabions, from
the left of their Gabionade, near their
3
Gun
Battery, towards the Water-fide ; at firſt fup-
poſed to be the Commencement of their Ap-
proaches againſt the faliant Angle of the An-
ſtruther covered Way, as that Part of our
Works was moſt damaged ; but as diſconti-
nued is yet doubtful.
Saturday 19. This morning we opened up-
on the Enemy's 3 Gun Battery, with four
32 Pounders from the covered Way of the Ar-
gyle, but which foon diſcontinued on Account
of the Embrazures being much ſhattered by
the Fire of our own Guns, and that of the Be-
fiegers 5 Gun Battery, notwithſtanding a num-
ber of Shells thrown to it. One of our 32
Pounders was demoliſhed by a Shot that went
into its Muzzle. Yeſterday the Beſiegers
brought 2 Guns to Cape Mola Battery, to fire
upon the North-eaſt Ravelin, but to no Effect.
Sunday 20. Laſt Night the Embrazures of
the Argyle-covered-Way were again repaired,
and this Morning we fired 12 or 14 Rounds
from them, but were again obliged to deſiſt,
from the fame Cauſe.
The Beſiegers have been fome Days
ſtraightened for Ammunition; its imagined
they are now landing a freſh Supply, as ſeve-
ral are ſeen paſſing and re-paffing to the
Cove on Cape Mola Side, with Hand-Barrows.
P2
Mons
a

( 116 )
Monday 21. Several Rounds from the Ar-
gyle-covered-Way were fired, till the falling of
the Murlons again obliged us to leave off. This
Afternoon, Captain Hoby of Lord Efingham's
was killed by a Shell, which came into the
Caſtle-Square. About 1, the Beſiegers 5 Gun
Battery took Fire, but was attended with no
great Conſequence.
Tueſday 22. The Beſiegers buſy moſt part
of the Night, in working at their different Bat-
teries, and particularly at ſome Work they
are carrying on in the Town, behind the little
Parade ; where it is ſuppoſed they will open a
Battery. A working Party was employed all
Night in repairing again the Murlons of the
Argyle-covered-Way; the Embrazures of
which are ordered to be maſqued till farther
Orders. Six of the Embrazures of the Be-
fiegers 10 Gun Battery are maſqued.
Wedneſday 23. The French Fleet in View.
The Beſiegers are opening Embrazures in a
Work in the front of the Tower, by Major
Innis's Houſe. All the 32 Pounders that were
on the Royal Battery are demoliſhed except
4, 3 of which are mounted in the covered
Way of Argyle's, and only 1 of them remains
at the Royal Battery. Theſe Guns are loaded
with Grape-ſhot during the Night, and run
out to the Embrazures, but drawn in again in
the Morning, and the Embrazures maſked.
A
very
briſk Fire from the Enemy all Night,
and a great number of Shells thrown. Several
Men killed and wounded in the Night. Three
ſmall Parties of the Enemy advanced upon
the
Glacis,

[ 117 )
Glacis, within 40 Yards of our Paliſades,
and exchanged ſome Shot with our Guards in
the outward covered Way, before the Queen's
Redoubt, the Argyle and Anſtruther.
Thurſday 24. This Morning the Beſiegers
opened their Battery of 4 Guns before the
Town, by Major Innis's Houſe, and likewiſe
a Battery in the Middle of the Town, from
whence they fired 9 Guns ſucceſſively; but
;
the Extent of their Battery, and the number of
its Embrazures do not yet appear. The Fire
from the Enemy is now become ſo very heavy
upon all the Works in the Front of the Attack,
that the Gunners can no longer ſtand to the few
Guns ſtill remaining; at leaſt till the Parapets
;
and Murlons are repaired. A 32 Pounder on
the Weſt Baſtion of the Caſtle juſt deſtroyed.
Friday 25. The Beſiegers cannonaded and
bombarded very ſeverely, without intermiſſion,
moſt part of the Night, from all their Batte-
ries. We continue to give them all the An-
noyance poffible, with Shells, but fire very
little from the Works, except the North-eaſt
Ravelin, which bears upon their 3 and 4 Gun
3 4
Batteries, at the lower Tower, by Major Innis's.
Saturday 26. The Beſiegers fired inceſſantly
all Night, from all their Batteries of Cannon,
Mortars, and Howitzers, and chiefly directed
their Fire at the North-weſt Curtain, and Weſt
Baſtion of the Caſtle, and at the Weſt Counter-
Guard, the North-eaſt Ravelin, and the An-
ſtruther; all which are very much battered.
A Council of War, at which all the Field Of-
ficers affifted, to concert farther Means for
the

[ 1181
the Defence of the Garriſon; ſummoned to
fit again the next Day; a Breach being made
in the left Face of the Anſtruther, which was
apprehended to be practicable.
Sunday 27. The Beſiegers kept conſtant
Fire of Howitzers and Mortars all Night, with
a continual Firing of ſmall Arms on the out-
ward covered-Way and the Lunet ; the ſame
returned from the Garriſon, with fome-
times a Cannon from the Weſt Lunet and o-
ther Batteries, tho' in general they are almoſt
filenced. The Council of War met again this
Day at 4. Between 10 and 11 this Evening,
the Beſiegers, after having ceaſed firing for
near an Hour, began a general Attack upon
all the Works; the Signal for which, was 15
Guns fired on board their Fleet, and 4 Shells,
.
2 thrown from the Turk's Mount, and 2 from
the Signal Houſe into the Sea. At the ſame
Time, and during moſt of the Night, a Noiſe
heard in Town, like tinkling on Mortars.
On which, with great Intrepidity, they ad-
vanced towards the Anſtruther and Argyle, the
Queen's Redoubt, Kane’s Lunet, the Weſt
Lunet, the Carolina, and the Marlborough,
and at the ſame Time they attempted, with
armed Boats, and provided with ſcaling Lad-
ders, to enter the Harbour and St. Stephen's-
Cove, to ſtorm Charles's-Fort, and St. Ste-
phen's-Guard, and to ſecond the Attack of the
Marlborough, by attempting it at the Gorge.
At the Weſt Lunet they cut down ſome Palli-
fades, and ſpiked ſome Guns upon the Ou-
glions, contiguous to it, but were foon re-
pulſed;
a

( 119 )
a
pulſed; and from all the Attacks, except the .
Queen's Redoubt, and the Argyle, where they at
length made a Lodgment. Early in the Morn-
ing they beat a Parley for Leave to bury their
Dead, and draw off their wounded, under the
Favour of which, they ſecured themſelves in the
Lodgment they had made ; had they not had
recourſe to that Means, its probable they might
have been repulſed by our inceſſant Fire. Se-
veral of the Mines were ſprung under the Glacis
of the Anſtruther, the Queen's Redoubt, and
Kane’s Lunet, and likewiſe i under the Gorge
of the Argyle, while a conſiderable Party of the
Enemy were in it, moſt of whom were deſtroy'd.
Monday 28. By Dawn, the Beſiegers beat a
Parley, on which immediately a Ceſſation of
Arms enſued, this gave them an Opportu-
nity which they took the Advantage of, to
ſecure the Lodgments they had made, by
pouring in a conſiderable number of Troops,
into a fubterranean Paſſage, that had been
opened by a Shell, and which was not diſco-
ver'd until the Day clear'd up.
On the Ceſſation of Arms, a Capitulation
took place, wherein almoſt all that was deſired
was granted, in conſideration of the intrepid Re-
ſolution and Bravery of the Governor and Gar-
riſon, who ſtood out till the Works were reduc'd
to ſuch Heaps of ruinous Rubbiſh, that it was
with Difficulty they could ſcramble from one
Part to another.-Had we ſtood another
gene-
ral Affault, it is more than probable the Fort
had been ſtorm’d, the Garriſon, &c. cut to
Pieces, or at beſt the few remaining been made
Priſoners of War --The Terms propoſed in 12
(a)

[ 120 ]
(a) Articles, were to march out with all the
Honours of War, and at the Expence of the
French to be convey'd to Gibraltar. The Day
following in the Afternoon the Terms were
ſettled and agreed to, and the French took Poſ-
ſeſſion of one of the Gates, Charles Fort, and
the Marlborough, the Engliſh continuing in the
Works till the Day of their Embarkation,
which was on the 7th of July, when the
Engliſh Garriſon march'd out with Colours
flying, Drums beating, and full armed, 20
Cartouches each, lighted Match, and all their
Baggage, &c. They march'd to the Place of
Embarkation through the French Troops,
who were drawn up to line the Way from the
outward Barrier thither. The Duke de Rich-
lieu at the Head of the Army was ſaluted by the
Colours, on the Engliſh evacuating the Works.
The French immediately hoiſted their Flag
on the Caſtle, the Troops were all embark'd
on board the ſeveral Tranſports provided and
victualled for them, and on the oth of July
fail'd for Gibraltar.
Shot and Shells expended at the Siege.
152
Nos
S
Shells.
navn
5138
Shot.
Pounders Jdouble, grape round
1972
32
53 4001
1385
24
2061
Inches
1551
18
155) 490 17600
12
3) 171
60591
16572
9 13 19 1940 hand
1052
37
489
Total
27,650
148 550
3
13 28 Car- 12 round
}}
W A ao CON
AW
800
79
9
cafles 10 oblong
41
Fire Balls
86
Total 322 940 32,728 Powder
Returns
(a) Cazette, 24th of Ji ly 1756.
Lib. 353,640

Return of the Garriſon of St. Phi.
lip's, 10 May, 1756.
Serjeants
Corporals
Drummers
Centinels fit
for Duty
Sick
Total
| Lt. Colonel
Majors
Captains
Subalterns
Chaplains
Adjutants
Qr. Maſters
Surgeons
Mates
☆ I OVAO
I
I
ΙΙΙ ΙΙ
I
I
NON
|
Q
King's own Regiment
28 27 18 610 6615
Royal Welch Fuziliers
24 26 17 608 7 616
Cornwallis's
17113 11 I
23 27 16 60518 623
Lord Effingham's
I
1 1 1 1 29 29 19 63713 650
Total of the Regiment 13 4 25 51 3 3 3 413 107 109 170 2460 442504
Gibraltar Detachment
39
Marines
971 71 104
Artillery
83) 2
Sailors
Voluntiers, 8 Greeks, 32 Jews 10
-
T
AW
I
NN-
2
WA
1
Total of Officers, &c. (3150) 3412815913131315131116 (127 175/268915312923

I
II
v
w OOH
ΙΙΟ
Officers kill'd and wounded at the Siege. Killd and wounded in the Artillery Service.
kill'd wounded taken
S Captain Hobby
Company of Artillery
II
18
Kill'd
Lieuten. Whitehead
Dolphin's and Fireſhip's Crews ΙΟ 33
Dead of his Wounds Lieut. Armſtrong King's own Regiment
4
17
Godfrey
Royal Welch Fuziliers
7
Major
Cunningham
Colonel Cornwallis's
3
18
Wounded Capt. Sir Hugh Williams Lord Effingham's
7 13
SFrancis
Lieut.
Young
Total
42
Caſualties at the Siege of St. Philip's Caſtle, from 8 May to 28 June incluſive, 1756.
At the Attack 27 & 28 June in
During the Siege
Regiments
the Morning
wounded killed dead of wounds deſerted killed wounded miſſing
Royal Artillery
18
8
3
King's own Regiment
68
14
5
7. 7
Royal Welch Fuziliers 83
19
5
Colonel Cornwallis's
61
6
3
4
7
Lord Effingham's
77
7
3
Dolphin's and Fireſhip's 33
ΤΟ
Total
34.0
69 23
7
27
2
I
1
I
2
7.
I 2
I
I
2
20

Ramilies {
2
12
2
74
30
2
Aaw
64
66
64
64
ENGLISH and FRENCH Fleets in the Action in the Mediterranean, May 20th, 1756.
ENGLISH.
FRENCH
SHIPS. Captains, &c.
Guns. killed ounded SHIPS.
Captains, &c.
Guns. killed wounded
IS Adm. Byng
Foudroyant Galliſfoniere, Lt. Gl. Villars 84
Capt. A. Gardinerl 90
Guerriere De la Brope, Chef d'Eſcadre 74
Buckingham ? Ş
2 S R. Adm. Weft
68
Couronne De la Clue, Chef d'Eſcadre 74
Capt. Mic. Everit
7.
Redoubtable Beaumont le Maitre
74
15
Culloden
3
H. Ward
74
Temeraire
Vilarzelle
42
Captain 6 Ch. Catford
64
6
Orphée St. Agnan
64
Revenge Fred. Cornwall
Lyon
Du Ravent
IO
Lancaſter 8 J. Amherſt
14
Sage
Chevalier Raymonde
Trident
Ph. Durell
64
Content
Sabin Garmonde
5
18
Intrepide 5 Ja. Young
8
39 Hipopotame
Rochmauxe
5 14
Kingſton
୨
W. Parry
60
Triton
Mercier
I
Princeſs Louiſa T. Noel
4 13 Fier
D'Herville
4
Defiance
T. Andrews 60
14 45
Portland
Pat. Baird
6
20
Total
828
175
Deptford 10 G. Edgcumbe
Total
778 41
168
FRIGATES.
Cheſterfield 13 W. Lloyd
40
Junon
Bautier D. Quies
40
Experiment Ja. Gilchrift
Gratieuſe Marquiſon
30
Dolphin Benj. Marlow
FRIGATES. Roſe
Coftebelle
30
Phenix
J. Aug. Hervey
Topaze
Decarne
24
Fortune 12 J. Mapleſden 14
Nymphe Callian
24
N. B. Figured before the Names, as they ranked at the Court Martial. The French had gooo Men, and we 6885
95354797849中
​1
64
64
64
Nuru
64
2
56
64
48
いちおこ​な
​38
48
22
22
کم به ب ا م
SOOO
22

[ 124 )
LGTI
12
Guns and Mortars diſabled at the Siege.
8 (32)
24
9
18
N. B. Two 13 and two
6
8 Inch Mortars on the S. E.
5
Curtain of the Caſtle, tho
3
4
not return'd diſabled, were
11
ſo much blown and crackt,
8 that I'm afraid they would
7 not have ſtood above a Day
53 or two longer briſk firing.
6
4
Guns
Pounders
он ннно лоомоо
Mortar
Inch Bore
an
French Batteries.
Guns Howitzes Mortars
Turk's Mount
3
2
Stanhope's Tower
6
4 3
Battery near ditto
IO
Burying-place or Windmills 6
4
From Sir Hugh Williams
Below Mr. Boyd's
5
Major Innis's
7.
7
Corn Field
8
5
4
I 2
NO LO
1
Cape Mola
21
Total 62
4
To the prepoſterous Weight and Length of our Guns (of
which we have felt the fatal Effects ever ſince they were firſt
made) we may aſcribe almoſt all our Loſſes by Sea and Land.
The brave Capt. Gilchrif ſuffered fo much by them, that no.
thing but the greateſt Intrepidity of the Officers and Men ſaved
them, they being obliged to Spunge and Charge on the Outſide
of the Ship. Thus are we daily expos'd to the Inſults of our
Enemies, for the fordid avaricious Ġain of a Few, who with
Impunity are ſuffer'd to enrich themſelves with many Thouſands,
at the Expence of more Millions to their bleeding Country, be-
fides Countries, Forts, and Lives loft, and irreparable Diſgrace.
N. B.

[ 125 ]
N. B. Fort William, in the Eaſt Indies,
Feb. 5, 1757. Lieut. Col. Clive, with 400
Europeans, 1600 Blacks, 6 Cannon, and I
Howitzer, join'd by Captain Warwick, with
569 Sailors, obtains the moſt complete Vic-
tory over the Nabob of Hughly and Bengall,
at the Head of 15,000 Foot, and 10,000
Horfe; killd 1300, and 500 Horſe, 4 Ele-
phants, &c. with the Loſs of only 41 killd,
and 61 wounded, by which he oblig'd him to
fign all the Conceſſions he could deſire,
reſtoring all the Company's and private Pro-
perties for coining Gold and Silver, &c.
24 March, Admirals Watſon and Pocock,
with three Ships of the Line, i Frigate, an
1 Sloop. Lieut. Col. Clive, with 700 Europeans, ,
and 1600 Blacks, took Chandenagore, garri-
fon'd by 500 Europeans, and 700 Blacks, 183,
Cannon, 24 Pounders and downwards, 3 Mor-
tars, 4 Sloops, i Snow taken ; they ſunk fix
Ships to ſtop our Paſſage, and ſunk and run
aſhore 5 large Ships above the Fort; the French
had 40 kill'd and 70 wounded, we had 32 Sail-
ors kill'd, and 108 wounded.
F I N 1 S
In the Preſs.
Remarks on the Letter to the Rt. Hon. Lord
Blakeney, wherein it is evidently proved, that he
acted the whole Time the part of the moſt conſum-
mate and brave Commander, not ever going into
a Bed, or doing any Thing unbecoming an Officer
of the greateſt Courage and Conduct during the
51 Days Siege.

BOOKS Printed for J. MILLAN, near
Whitehall.
TULLER's Syſtem of Mathematics, Gunnery, Fortification,
, &c. ,
finely engraved, 11. 16 s.
Vol. I. containing Algebra, Geometry and Conic Sections.
Vol. II. Trigonometry, Surveying, Levelling, Menſuration, Laws
of Motion, Mechanics, Projectiles, Gunnery, Hydroſtatics, Hy-
draulics, Pneumatics, Theory of Pumps, &c.
Vol. III. Elements of Fortification, with Remarks on Vauban, Coe-
born, Bellidore, &c. fecond Edition improved.
Vol. IV. Practical Fortification, Theory and Dimenfions of Walls,
Arches and Timbers ; Properties, Qualities and manner of uſing
Materials; of facing a Fortreſs, to eſtimate the Works, to build
Aquatics, as Stone-bridges, Harbours, Quays, Wharfs, Sluices
and Aqueducts.
Vol. V. Artillery, general Conſtruction of Braſs and Iron Guns for
Sea and Land, their Carriages ; Mortars and Howitzes, with their
Beds and Carriages ; Dimenſions of all other Kinds of Carriages
in Artillery. Exerciſe at Home and on Service in a Siege or Bat-
tle, its March, Encampment, Ammunition, Stores and Horſes,
Laboratory Works, Theory of Powder, &c.
Vol. VI. Attac and Defence of fortified Places : Preparations for
and Operations of an Attac; and the Defence of every part of a
Fortification. Making and loading of Mines, with Tables of
their proper Charges. The Dimenſions of the Cubic Boxes for
holding from 50 to 640 lb. of Powder for their Charges, on a
new Theory. The fecond Edition corrected, and very much en-
larged with new Tables, &c. by the Author.
A Syſtem of Camp-Diſcipline, Military Honours, Garriſon Duty,
and other Regulations for the Land Forces, collected by a Gentle-
man of the Army ; in which are included Kane’s Diſcipline for a Bat-
talion in Action. With a Map of the Seat of War, Lines and Plans
of Battles, and above fixty Military Schemes, finely engraved from
the Originals of the moſt eminent Generals, &c. To which is added,
General Kane’s Campaigns of King William and the Duke of Marl-
borough, improved from the late Earl of Craufurd's and Colonel Dun-
bar's Copies, taken from General Kane's own Writing. With his
Remarks on the ſeveral Stratagems by which every Battle was won
or loſt, from 1689 to 1712. The ſecond Edition continued from the
Reſtoration where our Standing Army commences, in a Series of
Hiſtorical and Chronological Facts of the Military and Naval Tranſ-
actions of Great Britain; being a conciſe Hiſtory (to ſupply the
Scenes of Action in which the General was not engaged) to 1757
By an Impartial Hand. London, printed for J. Millan, oppoſite the
Admiralty Office, 1757. Price 7 s. 6d.
A Regimental Book for Commiſſioned, Non-commiliioned, Staff
and Private Men, &c. with all Sorts of Books, Returns, Forms, &c.
relating to the Army,
.
This copy in exchange
fornre copy- 1943-
with ne Harper


Η.Ε.Η.
DUPL
The
1757
military history
Great Britain...