PREFACE. Moderni'i lMficIIi IifIiukI imei e liv Uk i'. SLNi1'iis OWn III fis'i1 as' P tiSVI74 toi the( hlimest, i'i'ider i'(Vi tlie rpiii ti1 tlimt lie give it;I c~iii'(ii1 ind iiipii rioil remiliiig. We( 'aiiiiiit il tile uiatiie i-f f-iii gH stauiidil11'lii beter' ill the 'y('5 if the 8Siiilt1i's d1a3 ori ili dile days of anly ittii'i piophet if CIrod thut ever II vvdl "or fri'iii the ivordilu if tile Hid I I (tv, ire giitiler that, as it lilts Iieeii iff this 'inc urNV age, so it htis beeji ill ill the past propilietil' ages. ''So didi their fathers unto thle prophits whio veire before you.'' 'They siloke ''ill maniier ofi evil aigailist tlhein filsely liii his sake au~i they didi tliesitiietbliigs tii h~itI IIJi(ii lil fiilliOi ci' Illi(] to tIiseph'atil lils fiilliivel's; and i'iiilil th~e Saintsi on the iili's iif Liihiei ilhigooi expect to fare taiy biettir than they? 'ihat woulii ie tini much tii expect iii tule worlil yet awhile. But it iifteii hoippens thitit it sthosi' a-ho fielieve that 1 iiliii wVas a piroipilit wiii aic the wioi'st ii'isei'utiiis if J1esusI tiiiugii.J ioha limn-.self was the prophet whii iiiinteii Jesus iiut ais at miiiili greaite' pi'iriiih't than lie was hiimself. believe tiitt *Jiisl'ii Smlith wisas pirophet anil seer if God, who aic the first tii rejeet a(lii s~iunier Mr. Stianig, oiltliiiigh Joseph wats the first tO piii t Mr. Sti'iing out liy revil Iitiiii fi-ini (todits tile one tii siieeeei hinit Iin his flfe of prophet ii iii siei'tiithii ('iin'mrh. They are ever realty uts they minagine to sustain Jiiseph's prophetle woork friimi his Mornioin erailie to his Miirinon grave, but are just ifs ready tii condenin the continuation of the saine work iii his successor, ats trensun, sedithin anal rebellion agains t tile state and nation. Joseph Siiitf in hfMissiiurl taught owal eiieium'ageil his oliiwIeiver to take ump arms against mobis in olefenee if their lives, their ifoilli's and fIresides; miii in his defence, Mi'. W. WV. tBlair nays: "Akllthe pre(,cedents of thegouch '~en and warriors of the w'irld maide It lii tlitr1otriouos i'flfi'ii euoif thleir aliiiiiii' i1rdi ry aoi ii isgori'c. 'Ta'v Iii a wIii sald i onii Ait Ii1iciiil. liiii'l itiuid taiii z!n1 (ior ohvl-esttig Ioimuoeli. fits fomioitv,tuImlluI iieIsi un II ti lie mni',% wese.I it( I, uuoi'o -Is if Vifmieli-ooio I( iiosiutl Ite Sii iii is Ihi'roilu Sept. 12, 1891,pn a'i2. ): Weill. soll( 'oIl'. filaim', ''Wte glory ill ymiii iumtrioofisl.'' Ill thits oiiiii Iei-'l;-irtleli ill iio'f'iie if Jo'seph Soulth'iiiiiI4 i'spieiiitlr ill itils little cx. fenice if- Air. Sti-aimg maul his peiiplie iuii Bh et'e bit mu1( uts iere iii tcoi'iui wish tou ulse. bulitis Mir. Bihai n Iii'i'ii iiiiiiiisl it iIfie ltuoni iii o i f m i. Sfruanig. kiild its foutloiwers ii')I just iiiii tirestilis ats lie hire sets fiirth Ill authtl P111 rinIIous ailldi [Itri'~iiiti sen ti. iiiciis. f klno'wtiu~ if nii1y anI I), l hi' rallsoivi'i I his stifill'ipe istuorr irV0,i11 n)ight t Ii I liis itil Ii liac siliaiii cIri lidl nii ii'elii ilougiuly ''ehlukeo liitti shuii ai-to'eed alill'c'", ngtlii this slilili' Mir. illair hiiimsielf. (Oe ll tiulus u-uiti hei saiidi if Mi. strailitz whiut 'Nve 'uunlu vrri''i'i-rio'slr %visti lxi iciiuld 5013, of ililily, ii itis il: v-Iz., thu t lii lllia ever liliglit finl I state 1t mlire hoiisirable mundlfprighit linii tii ls stiu te iof W(iseuliuml; esti ihiisiiidi hut 11111y amiing thie' lowotr rainks if siici'ty. hult at litoing I liegrenit annu liounaralli'l 1111)1 iif till' i'irtli. Aniliug, tile lpleciliul thinigs writhin fiiri otr learning, we read, that, 'f-ic tliiit seaiti to the wfi'kedh, thanulirt i'iglteiitum', him shrall tile fioplecuirse, na~tions sliill iibiuur hil in;bt tii theni that rebuke hlini shall be ilelight said at gioid blessing shall come upiii ti ioul" Anul again: "i-e that. husti. fietli thii wietedi, aid lie that (-i'iii ilemnetf ti fl'. list. cevn t(1113' loath are iii abomilnation toi the Ium'd.'' (Prcov. 24:24, 25; 17:15.) Nuiw, Mr. Blair, mid his; ri'rgsntsile coieailers Wouild len'13 foiilt 2 blank, that they ever slandered Mr. Strang, or ever joined hands with any to defame or condemn him as a most wicked man, a traitor, a robber, a pirate, or anything else that was wicked or vile. No Mr. Blair, taking your own word for it, you never did any such thing, but I can remind you of a few things which you did do which you can't deny. Did you never hunt up Mr. Strang's enemies and solicit their testimony against him and then did you not parade and publish it as veritable truth? Is that the way you do when you wish to find out anything in relation to Joseph Smith and the things he taught and did' Oh no, Mr. Blair, you pursue a very different course. You never yet thought that it was just the way to find out either the true character of Joseph or the doctrine he taught, to assemble the Whitmers, the Bennetts, the Laws, the Higbys, and the Fosters and hear what they had to say about these matters and take it all for truth. You know that judged by such testimonies, our common faith had been dead and doomed long ago. And Mr. Blair, you know that any one, who would pursue such a course in the attempts to get at the truth of Mormonism and then published it as veritable history would not be one whit better than hisinformants, who at best, from the tinmeof theirdeparture frotl the truth and their forfeiture of the confidence of the Saints were the merest enemies of the things &of God, and slandes of hisanointed. Yet that is the very course you and your coleaders have ever followed in regard to Mr. Strang and the work of his ministry. No, you never did, you say, slander Mr. Strang and the works of lis ministry; but you have given very decided approval of and circulation to the slanders of others against him, and never once have you offered one manly invitation to a single one of ills followers to defend him, but always promptly refused to publish,the other side when it was manfully met, and offered you in defence. Can you see how any one could more effectually slander another? But I tell yq~ Mr. Blair, if Mr. Strang weJylvling if you did not wish to be eompletly used up root and brancl, you would have to be mighty careful how you used your pens and voices in relation to his claims and his work. And he would not follow the little meant and sneaking one-sided way that you liaveever pursued with him. He would logically and manfully answer anything you ever had to say of him. an(il send you tle paper and deiandlt that you answer it like a mnia, of stand shaimed into silence like a coward. Tlat was his mode all through his prophetic life, and he never-deviatedfrom It. And that is a course that you never have followed with liint, living or (lead, and nelver initenlld to. It is not at all reasonable thatt any man having faith in the Latter Day Dispensation, should put the same confidence in the Benuetts, the McLeilans, the Cowdery's, Whitmers and Brigham Youngs after their fall from grace, that they were entitled to before. And the same is true of those who so fell under James. All these are a very good class of inen to avoid and shun as a plaguespot. All Saints at any rate should prefer their testimonies and teachings greatly more when they were in the church in good standing, than when, for good cause, they were cast out to be regarded as Heathen men, as the good Lord and master has taught is to do. I repeat that if Mr Strang's meanest. most pronounced, and cowardly enemies are the proper persons to put upon thestand as witnesses against him, taking especial pain to suppress all testimony from his friends and himself. the same course will be the proper one to pursue in Joseph's case or in any body else's case. But wheu one considers the desperate characterof the clas of me with whom the Mor. mons had to contend in the Maokinack region, it is astounding that men claimilg faith in Joseph Smith, as a prophet ot God, could be found to rise up and justify these wicked men, and condemn the Latter Day Saints. Since the Missourians and Illinoisass and many of the Beaver Island Mobocrats lhave long since confessed that the mobbing of the Saints out of those lands was a sad blunder, it will appear that those spurious Mormons were still mole desperate than they, or that they had a more desperate cause to maintain. Why heavens and earthl If Mr. W. W. Blair & Co. are the proper standard to decide wmat prophets of God ought and ought not to bring to light and establish, we do not know of saiy set of men that ever lived who would fare half so bad by their Judgment as the prophetsand great men of the Bible. Who in (od's name are these reorganized gentlemen that;we are to regard their Ipse dixit as the end of controversy upon the mysteries ol the kingdom of God? Mr. Strang was once asked by one of the hon. orable gentlemeu of Northern Michigan-him selfa leading mobocrat-ifit wasnota prinelp' of Mormonitm fortMormons to steal from the er tiles "No," said Mr. Strang, "but they do t 3 e In the principles of honorable warfare." that matter may not be out of place. As near i now what people is there that ever lived as I remember, Mr. Campbell was under sus. t did not believe in those principles? What | picion of being an underhanded traitor and spy ouorable warfare? It means a resort to any for the mobocrats, and naturally enough when as by which an elemy may be overcome,! the mob came oil to plunder and rob and drive elled or destroyed when ththey ade e theMormos r tirhomes and tiresides, Mr. ds of the innocent for tle purposeofrobbery,! Campbell wasaccomnmodating enough to pilot Ine, milrder, slavery, etc., etc. a load ofthem around ins his wagon pointing lar may be waged ins many ways, by anly here and there to Mormon property and Mornber of men, from the single ruffian who 1n- mon cattle, etc. les ones home or meets him oil the highway My wife and others have a very distinct recolI at the muzzle of his pistol demands his lection of his coming up to my brother-in-law's uey or his life, or a millito men who may bureau, which he expected to take with him, ~ade a people's country upon the same or s and as he tapped it with his cane said 'there's Dl ally simllir wicked design. In all such I where tlhegold is," and so they kept thebureau. testhe assaulted or invaded party may resort This was the gentleman that Mr. Blair put onl sny known stratagem, means or plan to de. the stand at East Jordan as a witness against ve, decoy, mislead or destroy them, as the Mr. Strang and some of his brethren. We have cuimsrtalcesor surroundings may offerorsug- heard and read a considerable about Mr. Blair's it. Tse Bible and the bistory of all wyars before out on the Pactfic italu this view ot aln unjust war aud iod's slope towards other men and cannot but feel in has always been in such cases to mete out i that this act at tLast Jordan was the crowning the unlust invader the very things that he proof of it all. uld unijustly mete out to his fellow man. Yet I can't help but think that Blair and Campexecution of the tlw of tile state has always bell were well met, just about as well met as W. en the commlon resort of the Mormons for re- E. McLellan and Isaac F. Scott were in the Ilobmss, except in a few rare instances when btng of Joseph and his brethren in Missouri. ~ced to stand in self defence. Do you think Mr. Blinir, that Mr. Campbell tmolig tie numerous evil things said against I would t hve appeared there as a witness against:. Strang Is that, as "a king" he ruled every- Mr Stranig, t the latter had been there to speak Ing in his own way, but the reader of Michil- in his own defeice? I tell you lie woult not. It.ackinack will perceive thateloctions as held I is fitting thatone who divided the spoils of Mord required by statute in every part of Mlchi- mon industry and tolland got fat on it aflern were held on Beaver Islandand town,couur- ward, should become a witness for Mr. Blair and state officers chosen,notwithstaudlng the I against Mr. Strang. y of "Mormon King, "and his betug "monsarch I Like all other vile apostates Mr. Campbellcan all he surveyed." To this day I have not tell the truth in a very economical way when it sen able to tell wherein Mr. Strang as "a king" suits its owil purpose witholding just eiough of iffered with any other respectable American it and adding just enough that is not true to tize, except it were in this, that he always make the whole story the most deliberate filse. rought deliverance to lis people when they i hood, The very fact that Mr. Campbell has exid he were brought before rulers and magis. isted upon Beaver Island for lull nine years ates on account of their faith, and upon malny among the Mormons, without a scratch on his lse anld foul charges hatched up against the n person, thoulgh known to be anything but frientdid that his knowledge of the truth andi the to thim, ought to go a good way as evidence tysteries of the kingdom of God, was grea'ly tat they were no such people as lie ha- enIperlor to theirs. It was not because Ie wore l eavored to picture them. It would seem some. tther much better clothes or kept aly better titmes as tlhough this old game of wholesale lyible than they or had a multitude of servatis ilug agailst thie Mormoois were pretty nearly. kept fast horses or put on any kingly regalia, played out as the ten thousand alid one tales;c.,etc. Always a very plain mant which the told agaillst them have been so thoroughly umblest might easily approach. proved false, but something seems to say "No," But says one, "Were there not one or two for the capacity to make lies and the disbp)'hipped on the Island at the command of, sition to love them seems to bejust as great as King Strang?" We answer yes, andtheyought ever. And it occurs to me that there are some )have been. The reader will bear ill mind among the leaders of the reorgantll.aionl-Mr. iatthose islands were nearly all wilderness W. W Blair especially-who have a tremeu'lheuthe Mormonsfirst settled upon them and dous capacity fortaking in lies. If only some tey had been busy chopping, clearing and i wag would set himself to making lies about taking homes,and ee there were eitherails nor James J. Straug would it not be a whopper risons as yet in the latnd and il factso far as tile which Mr. Blair couldn't swallow? And would [ormon community were concerned there was not he have some full testing the capacity of ext to no use for them and so wheu anyone these men for gulabllity in that line? 'as found guiltv ot a heinous crime, which was For many years Salt Lake City through a vast ery rare, it was necessary that he be punished deluge of clerical, political, editorial, carpet i some other way than by ilcarcerating him in bagger and blood aid thunder novelist lying il, etc., in the usual way. And our knowledge has been represented asone of the darkest crim. fMr. Strang asa public magistrate and con- lnal abodes of men on earth. One would really srvator of the peace, utterly forbids the belief Imagine that he could scarcely cross the streets hat he would counsel or advise tile punish. there in auy direction without walking over the lent of any one without a pressing reason, and dead bodies of innocent men and women laid; was thought the best way that offered then to away there by midnight, darklantern Mormon unishl theoffenders with the rod, and we think asisssalus because they had the temerity to open ) yet, and we have no further apology to make their lips il remonstrance at the high-handed bout it, nor shall we ask t nybody's ptrdou for 4oings of their leaders. But the upshot of this matter brings to light the important fact tiat As Mr. Orson Campbell was a resident of whereas tile Gentiles there are but one-fourth 'arer Island during the stay of the Mormons of the population five-sixths of all the crime on ere and seems to be now a very willing wit- record il that city is committed by them. And s against Mr. Strang, and others, a word on as there, so everywhere else in Mormon cornm 4 munities, only more so, and in the name of ressont why anould it be any different on the isles of Lake Michigan? Now let ua suppose a vessel or several, of them come into the harbor of Si. James. Beaver Island for the purposes alleged on pages 25 and 26 of Ancient and llodern Michilimackinickr-to plunder, slaughter the men and debauch the women-and Mr. Strang and others knovling their intentions, should board one of those ves sets in the night and upon "the principles of honorable warfare," while they were indulging il a c.-roune, pour some oftheir powder In the lake and put a lot of tobacco in one or more of their barrels of whisky or did anything else in o;der to funJtrate their designs upon the lives of innocent men and women. How easy it would be for a cold-hearted, slick villain like Orson Campbell to construe those acts into the wick. edest criminal proceedings against a crew of honest and innocent seamen and their cargos, taking refuse in that harbor from adverse winds and storms and make up such a story as hewitnessed for Mr. Blair at his debate with Watsonat East Jordan? Himselfa mere mobo. crat, a robber and plunderer of the Mormons. Did anyoneever find a mobber of the Saints anywhere who did not have a plansable story to tell against them inl justifieatlon of his ownl diabolical acts? How easy it is for such n man to assert things of this kind when he knows tile accused calnnotl meet himl ill his own defence. We will leave bIr. Campbell here either to repent of hls wickedness or to go to his own place in his own time. Having been a resident of Beaver Island for years I caln ully recommend, "Anlllet andt.odern Michilimackinac" as a truie history o! those times. I care 3not what others may say 1to.he contrary. I was minued ti t lirt to publish ouly.a fevW lenoLly extracts froem it nlid let thle rest laj oger, blut began to llink lhai a few years losger might fid tile work obsolete, nas very few copies are known now to exlst., Al I thought it tcogood and taithlnl work to be lost. I have taken great palls to see lliut tlce work of printing was strictly accol00 | ent of tepresentatives tamong tlle feet left. More than twenty shanties couities of the state, and though wereafterwards found oil the remote Enmmet ail i aibove twenty otlher unand secluded fisheriets, covered and lorganiized counties ill tle lowerl penfloored with this lumber, and not insula were attached to Michilitiackeven the marks obliterated. But in i inac fol judicial purposes, yet oii 1852 the fishermnen supplied them- this alpportionment they were ill inselves regularly fronm the gardens of eluded with Newayg;o, Oceaar, Lake the Mormons, and some considerable andtl MHasoni in a single Represelntiifields of potatoes andi turnips reimote tive District, and Michilimackinac frolm dwellings were quite clearedt becamme a district ly itself. This apout. portionmiient was probably madell A few Mormons were fishing, iand withiolit much conisidleratlio, for it is their nets were lifted and stolen till very evident that not ia dozen perthey were quite broken tp; but while sons in the state thought of tile Morthis was going on tile guilty were I m to settlementi being ini Newaygo detected and prosecutions coim llenc- district. ed. The Mormons recovered their Had the people of Pealine townlship damages. Onl the criminal prosecu- voted ( s a part of Maclinac district, tions part of the accused escaped, i lnd they would ha ve controll d the electhe rest gave bail. and accused and tion, but their votes would have bail left the country together.- beeni liable to be rejected, on the Among the latter was Henry VianAl- ground that the aipportionment lbill 38 MR. STRANG IN THE LEGISLATURE. placed them in Newaygo district. place, and E. A. Franks, one of the Butif they voted as part of Newaygo jurors, mentioned tile fact in his district, there was no mode provided hearing, before the warrant issued, In law for the return andl canvass of but Mr. Strang would not leave, and their votes, on being arrested refused to give bail A more serious difficulty was that, and waited theresult. After beingin by the constitution, all the state custody five days lie was turned at north of township twenty was in- large, and continued to visit Mackineluded In the district of the Upper ac both on official and lpivate bnsiPeninsula, and elected its representa- ness, as he had occasion, unlnolested. tives the last Tuesday in September; But on its being ascertained that lhe but Newaygo was oneof tile Districts was elected to the House of Itepreof the State at large, and elected the sentatives, a warrant was.ssued on Tuesday following the first Modlay this ol( affair for his arrest, and tile in November; and it was questioned plan 'laid to seize himi on his way to whether the Legislature had tlhepow- the capitol. There wa.s ino officer er of detaching Emmnet County anud nearer than Detroit having jurisdiclegislating concelnilng it as part of tion of the writ of IIABn:AS CORI'-S the State at large.-Moreover it was and the session would close before a disputed whether the Beaver Isltands writ could be obtained tand executed. were really in Emmet or Micliili mack- This plan wats defeated by Mr. inac County, the general but errone- Strang's going by way of Green Bay. ous opinion being that they were in But Mr. Irvine, District Attorney) of Michilimacklnac. the Upper Peninsula, went with a The universal opinion was that tithe warrant to Detroit, and engaged an Mormon settlement was in Mlichili- officer there to mleet Mr. Strang at mackinac District, and it was k1owl Lansing. and arrest him, imlmediately that it could control tlie election. before the call of the honse. Tho But tlie Mormons concllded that le- special deputation of the Detroit offigally thley were lit Newaygo D)istrict, cer to execute this warranit wa.s a where the result was uncertain. Mr. forgery. Strang wvas put in nominatimon, but n1 the mean time the certiflicate of his name not announced until elec- Mr. Strang's election hlad bmeen wtithtion day. There were fouro thelrcan- (trawn fronm the files of the secretary dilatew in the field, and he received of state iandl Mr. James Ilartotl, w1ho more votes than any three of them. stood next to Mr. Strang in the canTile Canvasselr inet at Newlaygo, vass, caelll on fronl Newaygo to conseven hundredl miles by any traveled test Mr. Strang's seat in his anls-lnce. route from ieaver. anld 1ad no inti- This would have given Mr. BIarton a mation that Mr. Strung was in the clear field, neither an opponent or a field, or the Mormon settlement in certificate of election against hiiallfnd their district, till Mr. (Clidester ar- the universal opinion in his favor. rived there as canvasser for mill the The plan signally failel. T'hough unorganized counties aittachled( to charge(d with a breach of tle peace, Michillimackinac. He succeeded in so that he could not clailnim PRItVIr, satisfying them that the Beave.r Isl- FROM ARREST under theConstitiution, ands were In their district, and Mr. Mr. r. Strang clainmed PRIVILEG,lE AS TO Strang received the certificate of elec- TIE MANNER OF TlE AIItICT, it tion. common law; insisting that lie conldl This result was exceedingly miorti- be removed, ornly by permission of fying to Mackinac, and the Inmre vio- the House, after they had examined lent set about devising means to de- the ground of the proceeding. As feat it. At the town Ileetilng the the officer charged with his arrest spring previous Mr. Strang hlild been determined to remove himl forcibly, electedu supervisor of Peaine, tiand in before the House assemlbledl, lie Ir'ethe effort to prevent his sitting with pared for defence, aind notilied him the board the grand jury litd trump- that he should treat any attempt to ed up an indictment iagainst him, remove iinm as an unproovokcd ashoping to frighten him fromi the sault; saying, significantly, when his MIR. STRIANG IN THE LE(IISLATI.TRE. 3 39 claini of privilege wias iisiiited. "'I influence timiii loiy otliet' ineililei, wvill put liy nieck illita halter uipoli wvitliout Iii vingevit' coiidilseiiiende to that.'' aiiythiiiig shor t of tile most opeii W~hen the House wvas called, hie laid andl manl11y ilfl(ans a duplicate of his ceritificaite of edcc- Wliea h lite entre the House, Netion oiu the Clerk's tmule and wis's wvatygo Fand( Wieana c ounties were orisworn fin. Informinilg the hoilse of gailiizedl adl(l fully d etachl('d from ill the atteimpt to arrest him, afteri sev- Iother coniins, mit h iad II() judicllri y eral piopositionls at comiiiittee waK exce[)t Justices if tin' Pence nil aippolinted. to fInvestigate the iiiatter, Judges if Probatte ('oiineqnciitly~ noi who repoited the facts it lengthi, crimle, however hiei lmi 11s1 ('( militteii eoiliiiig to thle 'onClUilsl tliit the tlie'e, coiiilii bpuiishied Judlgmlelts ai'rest ws's attleililtei. iiit liii tile recovered biefore Justices if tin' LPenre furthierance' 1)1 jilsti'c, tint 110111 J)Ii- coilt lie appeti ledl which maid themi v'ate mlalice anlii lii'sectition~. andail oill the ('C'ler's tliis, 11n11 iierlllti'd as at desire tio idepri'e tile limise ill his Hm lel-'per'tulii stay of execa tion. v-ices mits a memlber'. Ile mi's ilis1 GrP Ind 'lma'ei'se had( iiit so unch cilarged from arrslest liy ii tinllliiiiioilS as a county orgilnizatilul legalfly e-xviite. l evet stiii" lilt was fully iletitehed fciiii Mm'. Bartonl's petitiiol foil lec iinl iithiei counlties. 1(1( illwis, lhcrecoiitest his seiat iimimediaitely caiiie foue, 111terlt withlout hisv. O~meup. slid hieing referreid to the (1111- I our'iii if time stilte, exteniuiig frill Illittee oill Electiiiuns twvo i'ejiis'ls ti)wis~ilili twvi'nty to them straits, ha.d d-imte fiii the 1lilljoviltY 'epiort beillht oiilv 'i siniglie towi5'h51i1 llg'alizeil ail iei'5e to Mi'. Stral"'ii. leaes 5 1158 ill it, iiii 0111y at foreign jiidicia ry. graniteil tii the pariI toi' bi le hieai'i at 'Tileli'( sser-e severli1 poilitlils of liii' tile bar of the house. Mlr. 'Tiiyloi-, teri utor y of the state 1111 lii aiiy ex-Secictaly of State, ii iilwaei lior' collillts' and thiei'efor'e 11ot subtject toi xl'. Barton. Mr 'Straii del(fended~i tile juri'sdictlion oif the judiciary. ior of hlimsllcf ii iieirsoil His defeiii'e 55LS;115(lv iiicil usairiipal liitloiritv, aiii spiuken 1)1 Ill thle prcnn geucrally vt 15it iws 5in tie miost seri-iiis dlispite its mai~rkedl ssith gr cal ability sail anl tii Nis hit c(Iuiities sioiie of thle largest x tl'aoi'diiiiliyainollilit of ligal leal 11 se ttleme nts Ill the idist rict bl~eong,,'i. Mm'. Stm'nnlg a 'ilitiineil hil seiit bs -oli-ming (oit iil thle blllliiill'i itgisa viite ofi fouty' imle to ei-en',i wiviil Ii liltilon if tliiity year's wvere ri'edledlII, conisideinc'g thai biiti priejudlice ald.leas-ilg hiiii iltbllianice oIf leisaure ti the iiitset, ivan a tlie tribuite' to his the sessilil. Tile o~rganiizatlion (If learninig anid ablilitl lint av hit a (in i iiis i'a5 —'ei'5e Ciollity' ivats Perfectstill nioi'e collipliimeiita'y, set(il oif e,.i, two'i lew ciiuiitles illd eighit (1(01', the ailes t member's iif thle House t(lsvIishps (Il'galjiizi'lnli I jiadiciar-y stiltedil l teirci places that they wei'e ((111 illivi(ilal gov'ernmenciit providiedi,lot (Illy conivincede by thle arguumucits foi' all parts (if tile idistriict. iof Mi'. Stiang, lbnt thlat tileil' pr'ei tTIl T''luL)AP Mt (fires sere quite remlosed. A 1ioug1 't 11 ' E 'I-IT TO KIDN P M t thjesFe weice the himo. E. Rillsoilil. 'If Klnillnamzoo, for at long thiii. (Chief 'Thle peiplde of filllchiie wVci'e IinorJustice. niiif oiice Glov'eirnioi of the iltied at Mi'. Stralng's suiccess ats it State. legisliitoi'. As liewas11 ol tliestenii (ri 'Ile effect (If these fli~eedhliigS Wvill Morton in May. 1853, bbullal foi' Blfto give Mr.. Stianjlg at Ingli staniilng falo, IbItstllpping (it Mackilille whvlirr ili the Legislature. and aimong thle a1 leiv lilitnuteK, Tli fittelililt u-atsn ialae puddle mlen of the State. lie fIllY tio jilhinall liiiii with thle avowed purt le sessl11io. At its close hie had JO.'' crri'hed all the ieiastir'es which his 'This (Itteimpt iwas iumade biy a gailg district, eoiimsistlnit of twseiitv-six of r'ossdies, swlthioit ioiy official alicounties. askei. anii swas universmally' thioity. swhil mad liii olii xv'iit (in acknoweledged tlo hiase excited miort' si-ieli Ilie hald ilefOr beeni arrestedl 40 AFFAIR WITH THE BENNETTS. and LEGALLY DISCHARGED. Mr. sembled to meet hiil at the place of Strang defended himself, barricaded landing, prepared for battle. He his stateroom door, where lie remain- was permitted to land, and imlleed in a state of siege till the boat en- diately met with a demand, what lie tered the Saint Clair, when lie broke had come for.-He stated the inature down the door and jumplled off on a of his business, and showed his prowharf on Canada shore. Here the cesses. Whlile this wasgoing on they matter ended. examined his boats, and ascertained EFFORT TO OVERRIDE 'TIHE LI- that he was without guns. QUOR LAW IN EMMIET'. They. then crowded up with such unmistakablesigns of hostilities that At the same time the people of he returned to his boats. 'hirty of Mackinac called a meeting to devise the outlaws were strung along the neans for destroying the Mormlons, beach, within four rods of the boats; at which resolutions were passed dis- from thirty to fifty on the bluff, illapproving the conduct of the legisla- mnediately back, rising abruptly some ture in creating township and coun- twenty-five feet high. ty organizations within sixty miles As the sheriff's party were getting of Mackinac, and denouncing war into the bosats, this crowd coimmencagainst Emmet County. in case tiny ed a murderous fire tupon them. The person was arrested forviolating the wind was on shore, and the boats got Liquor law; and offering symilpa thy off with difficulty. Before they had and assistance to the band or out- got beyond gull shot range, some laws at Pine River anld Grand Tra- had fired four rounds. Six men were verse Bay, andl somlie fishermen on wounded, some of them very severe(lull Island, in waging war upon the ly, but none killed. More than fifty Mormons. balls passed through the boats and Unfortunately the outlaws at Pine rigging River took this in earnest. Entering The,utlaws tooik,oats and Iurinto league wvith a disaffected fam.llily sued for twelve mliles, the latter four of the name of Hill on Beaver Isltlnd, of which they kept up a Irunning lirle, who acted as spies for tlhem, they but without effet.-The sheriff finalstole large qualtities of nets fronm l took refuge on the barque Molrgan, the Mornons and Indians fis.hing at where the wountds were tboud lup, Beaver, and set fire to all inrillease and the same night lie returned to quantity of railroad ties, ready for Beaver. shiipping. r The intention of the outlaws was Bthefm the sherif e of Em rt wet tto to kill the wlhole party, ald then rethem, the sheriff l)f EnEmuiet went to port that tiey lnd 1)een killed while Pine River to sumnmoin thre persons port that they hadl been killed while residing there to serve as jurors at engaged in committing some crime, the approacthing circuit curt. On iand thus set public indignaition his way, learning tha.t the outlaws against the Mormons. The sheriff at Pine River had determillnid that no escaping, they took alarmi, lest, some process whatever shouild lie served signal act of revenge shliuld follow, there, ann violence threatened against and all fle]. The fishermeni at (,ull aniy officer who attemlted it, lie got Islind, ild who wer'e in league itth a seconid biat and ttok in all four- themi, fled as sooi ws lthey got the teen men, unarmed, believing that naens. Not a tultl nas i-ft It -itiler the presence of that Iumlhber would place. prevent violence, till his bu silless was Scattering in such hot lhaste they known; when it was sui)ppsed the failed to agree upon any stotry to animosity of aportion a t least would tell, for the purpose of char ging the be appeased. blame on the Mornions. At MackThis reasonable opinion wais not Inac an attelmpt was mate to lit realizel.-Thecriminal opposition to afloat the story that the Mormons lawful authority tilere was greater had shot first, andt wounded a boy. than could have been anticipated. But the history of the mattter was Believing that the sheriff had come already before the public, and they to arrest criminals, it large force as- failed to successfully falsify it. EFFO)RT TO O)VERREIDE' THE L IQUORI TM IN EMMTNET. 41 At the circuit cour't field at Saint (xiANCi'i it the ihanls of thi' British; Jaimes slioitly after. thle guilty Pai- adii 1ow tlity fxind iit ioveity of ties were indifite'd, lbuit lone hart Wordi s,i( an 1 iixresui us11 of Ixiiiguige fiee'i ariestedl. to express tbeiilioiroi'-o ii tile tiri'isiiii Since then there has4 heean tiii t if tia( Miornix as, wcho efier heixig teixipt to initeiriiupt the( (file c'ourset of robbedit'i iii piluiideired if iuillioiis ii legal adiniiistratioii ii Emmiiet. '1Ii(, p)1oper ty Ity the piuiblic miiithorifics pioiulatliiii is rapfidly iiirei'isiiig ill two diifferen'it stii tes, aiid exileil Though us yet it has iii rich iiicii it f oiii t ir bioiinfarics, hxave dcierfiis iii fatiiipei'. There tire schiiools iuiiiof tii flii no fuirtlier; ho dii' iipiii for all the children. Nii liquors are thlieu na tive soil, iiilici tliii flee soul, and the popifulaionut itre t oin- Iiiiii tie ir countiry lii i fioiii where tenxted, priisierotis tonl hapjpy. Tiiilie itN ean xx orsliiii Ihixif Iniiiaii piiputlatitoiii tie siii''lipeirin Ifiet iiii is exliustieft if i the- se ii miorai amiii matterial progiess ti inix i effiii to (l i -ib(i li thii morials if Nf ackothers Ill thle stxste. Iiiiic iiiiif ifs suiirouniiinlg depenldenlCONt)ITIT OP ' MACKfINAC TO- (ticsxlic whr xhici i iiiset civi lciziioflxi liivccsefirtedl i tlihiem fccs iciiii thle WARDS TIlE!' MOREMONS. restrainuts of siicietyv hasviii fti lmlies Froni thle first iipeniinig of the on-;tiiiixlxi ihrater beindiiii ti gi ie loose troversy agaiust, the* Moriioiis, wxithi rehis tii tust xind avtoice; uitding no at fex hiiniirtible exceeftiiiis, the pcii friixxi friiiiitile iioxvrlelss illiteri fe file iif Maxckiiiac hose joixieif iii xvix' xiiifd udefeduenxt huh i is: no hiss if project for their ufestruction xxi ti rc- ciste uxexug She feiloxws xxii' iSe ii-Ifeiitless fiatreid. Iniiiicise miii ilu' riiaiii is fhi' siie iiictilies rafiicuf si'ti inieasiircable its issthe u peiuuis, iitail ini wh iii avtor i niii victims fxltckgiixirdisiii tiiipitiiie tinif iapa- a it alx pcrisih; vxliere l11ialai uriuxi arc its'of Maci t naic; liihaiiiits to ii fpritx' lreufiitid f' piersiiasioiis in tmtiifIiiliierb, ix her reecixig ciiriiptfiots; hxri titiis, xx liici a cfii'istiioi cilucal tifii iiiidiict tots rdis the Moruiuiiils hull miii( thle cxperienice if iniitii ic! yeais fbeein imioie thxiii ordinarioly iiitcriiiei'- 'in ecivlieif Coiimiiuniities, wciiilid resist ite iiidetcunt anxd violenti. 'ii aion tii t thfic i' ries may be iii'1 tckiiiit xxhlichi w5tiiis fsl y fiuilt ttxicated by comipiulsioii, iiiii iriisoili publici pliiiter, tiixd enlttrged taiid tiftiteif by violenice. fiefire t1ir eyie'cs; bxi aiutifoif fix stetlting fi'ntit the Uiiit- wshici tlic loxxtiuiity, i tile lIniiiii cxl 'xt tes thit tiiwni oiti iDiriiiiitnii lias it'c'i i-ocrf, andi ifs rigfits Ilxianxd, sirrndiiieicid hut Grxeit Britaxiin, p1ltcedl ielowx ltuose if thle thug, iiiii whiufef gafiied till ifs wexitfi; supxiiit- thouusaxnds muixiidieifd by sliixw dtiuxseti Ufs liuxuir', iiiii siupplittd the wxxtsfi'nlg fii'ix'sses if turuti're, fixiiiieiisuiiiif Its iiii iuiu'usc aiii iunetiuillel dIsui- I lily iiiri ecruiI thiuin thle Inii eu uer fititioii, by tpuxnferixug- thle ixi Hloixl kuies ioxv to inflict:, ftxi no gri'atu'u ti'easiu'y aiii 'obbufing tsixx stealfing tempultatuiin ltluiii tie'- putr siiofi iiifrom the IntliatoV; lies exhausted thle tei'itetf whliskey; ixfiire xei'x whit iii' xvicahulau'lv iii the laingiuage, liii elauhxcd tii iiiteiiiiii'iy xxii the coiii wouids wixerexwitfi tii itectise flue MIiir ioed i aes, uax'e takeii ixot )iiify iiiiii mtoxs; wsho wiere six ccxxis iii hiti cx, uxegealule Inidianu xx'nuxi'i, but Iniiiaxi citisive juurlsfictiouu wxitfhout fiea i e fic xies c, iis iiiisti f utes.11ii iiio'lieliifiiiis lixg efife tio eovii t tine if;iti iiff('iii't ii 'iig p leaisri: tll the( streets tvreut' tfxotgf sio sfxuini'iiss In firproee' fiiictf hledi svitfi fittf filoodis. x~liist' fnitlhtus fixgs that HiMiifilf ofi tel's utteAr i)t, xxr 'i'' uioet tii ticknuuuxi'lege fficii; STEGAiiNG FR'Ao Tiii MtOiiIixNe iix uiutug theiii iixwi du-Hgltt'cs iiuiii THEi iER'itixiSftiN itF iEGAL AJTIIOfIZ grutduxi i~leigiters aspfi'istiitites!it thle Illy. 5ttiii fptlluited fail witfi thefi'ruotettieu, The petople ixf 'ieackiuuac hail sttitii till iiicist snifli tile uxixeul rttccs cexisies at tfie puiflic tretiisiiiy, like pxigs ait ai to fic uespicuihuhi iii thuei' eyes. trough, xxiihi nxuse anil feet iii, aud Yet xit this Macxkinaxxx; iw'iise flu ts reed veii Iiithifig fi'oii tfile iiation fbxi ixo logoitnixciy cxtiii nititIe lifelike, ate faxiiis; ath tuixtn tfie fist sotuixt of stalkhtu abotutt, sx'i'etchxes xxi h xxiiia 'ins surretfeteti thitfi ptliie. tatiti eredti oil teetless eyes, xviiltet rheeks, tttoik MuONEYs AND 'cHE OA'T'H on tiLE- shiruinkt'i vitals itixt fiarti's xxficie 42 CONDUCT OF MACKINAC TOWARDS THE MORMONS. pulsationisdyingout, and whosecon- against the peace and good order of sciences arejn no trouble in therecol- society. lectioh of robbery, rape and murder; Such conduct, out of the common asking assistance from christian men order as it is,isnotincomprehensible. to exterminate the Mormons; while Equally with that of a Burke or a in her mansions, late returned from T hug, it belongs to Pandemonium. loathing infamy, to revel in wealth But it is equally a matter of cause andfalsehood; amassing ind destroy- and effect. ing, and destroying and amassing; When the Mormons wele expelled living lives made up of the refuse of from Missouri, the lublic meetilg at human depravity; her chief men in- Independence, which determ in ed voke thepower of the mob, the stil- their expulsion, published their realeto of the assasins, the poisoned sons for doing so, declaring thatthey chalice, the perjury of theircreatures, did not proceed against them at law, the perversion of the law, the col- because they had violated no law; ruption of the judiciary and the but that on account of difference in crushing weight of State anld nlation- religion, and in domestic institutions, al government: to help them steal a (having no slaves,) the presence of few farms made valuableby thelabor the Mormons was incompatible with of Mormous; and correct the motrls the happiness of themselves; therefore of a people among whom il seven they would expel them peaceably if years not one child had been born out they could, and forcibly if they miust. of wedlock, and the sole discovered Yet in spite of this public declarlacase of fornication or adultery p)11n- tion, made by the Missourians, it has ished by publicly whipping and ban- for years been asserted, and is believishing the guilty man froml the tst- ed by ninety-nine ir a hundred, even tlement. in the free States, that the.Mormons In Mackinac, where at tlhe Indian were banished from Missourifortheir payments the most respectable men crimes. have heretofore considered stealing So readily was this falsehood credfrom the Indian annuities honoraible; ited, that when an attempt was where hundreds of inexperienced made to steal a country in Illinois, whites, and thousands of Indians, made valuable by the industry of the have been victimized and their lives Mormons, the first move was to acdestroyed for the sole purpose of oh- cuse them of enormous crimes, and taining their property; lwhere gam- the most astounding corruptions, as bling, drunkenness and debauchery an excuse for the wrongs which nweec swallow up all things, and during to be inflicted on them. one third of the year are the sole er- Though the Governor of the State. ployment of the population; where who waspresent during most of their twenty cold blooded murders have calamities. overawed and prevented been committed within the imemory from defending them; theSenateComof man, and not one punished; where, mInttee appointed to investigate anld till recently, poor men wereimmprison- whitewash the cruelties practiced on ed and sold without law and withmout them, the Hon. S. A. Douglass, the process: where law is scarcely resort- distinguished Senator from Illinois, ed to, except to gull or destroy some then judge oIf the Criminal Courts inl one by the perversion of it; Iald that district; and Col. Karne, of the where the public officers, tie swr, United States Army, who witnessed conservators of the peace, openly a.id their expulsion; all agree that the pashamefully appeal to the mob power triotism, morals and industry of the to override the authority of the law, Mormons was far superior to that (of and publish their perjured infalmy their enemies; yet christian men have with their names signed to it; there, labored successfully in convincing in such a place, the men are found to mankind that the Mormons were complain of the Iegislature for giv- guilty of all they were accused of, and ing a legal organizatiol to Emmllet that the half was not told. County, the inhabitalnts of wllich Then why should not men, clothed havenever been guilty of an off(ence with iniquity as with ia garment; CONDUCT OF MACKINAC TOWARDS THlE MORMONS. 43 reeking in corruption like the sewer IFox JPiitiios, 5 1% 1. 8,2 of a slaughter house; whose whole I sland(s IPitrom, 2 777 lives are a mystery of iniquity; Iin- lig Sumner',:3 1 2,1:30 comiprehiensible exc.-elit liy the deduc-, f littlesurininer, I,' 581 lions of Pandlemoniuin; wh() liavefor jPoverty, % 192 fifty years built upi anid dwelt in at Sumnuer Little Isle, % 1 Collossus of wickedniess, at thle vast- lslandn St.. Martins, 2% 1 % 1:122 ness of which hnunan nature stands (Gatll, % 1 4 aghast; appeal to) the 5iaiie idep- ILittle Gall, 0 seated prejudice; the saiie wicked Gra vel, 1 ereduality; to sanictify more deeds of lilonil; assist themi Iin destroying a 131G BEAVER. successful rival to their trade; steal- Thtt Island is the largest Iin Lake iniga country pr-efer-able -to thielirown, Michigan, and one (if thle finest in thle and rolngin th decy o Ma ki- orld. The Harbor at Saint lames nae. till they canl sell to vlettiis ithle is thle best In the lakes, having at) to pay' lfor Implroveiients which itret eatrfiice eighty rods w~ide, Wcithi SIXrapidily becoming worthless. t1w fa-4t water, at perfectly land-Ilocted Thetlue is now turned. Withering, cove of great depth, with clay liotblasting condemnation has cmeonic toni, sufficiently extensive to accuinthese outlaws, anil their more fiii mml(ate a thoiusaiii vessels. fliiential compeers. The taile of Mr- Saint fames Is thle county seat iif iiion Ignorance, cupidity anai wicked EmmletCounty, thes-iit of thle fishinlg ness, has beeii resorted toi, till thetade for Luke Michigan, aiiu the uvell Infiormed perceive its huuluuivess headuliarters uif theMuurmonos east if anai falsehooid. -The idigiiity aInii thle Rocky Motiitaiiis. It is it smiall muanhitoii if the Moirmomns lois been hut flourislulng pl~ace, iiii ctannot fail vinudicateil In the Priesence o)1 the aIt- oit getting a irapidi grouwtli. seiiilleil visilum of the Stuite, innil It is sciuttered Ini gi-uiiis miiiiiit their imiiiei-itiiii ani justice iii Its uilid fiiiest ti-ii', iii ofly ltiming groniii, highest C -ourts. The same prtiidince liaviiig a liiniscalie of intcliless vlitch characterizes their 1inst acts beauty slireai tii the iiirthi iiii cast, will Insure tlieiii a glorious future. which the hiaiid i)f improvement u-ill ISLANDS IN EMMET C.OUNTY. iiipidly develiip. Time irticilial ai1tielus sold aire lisli Besliles numerous small and tinin- andmu wviud, aid( lihi purchanses are habuitabule Islamiis, iilid iiie of omie or I dry gioils, tliiur, sult, cuurdage iinii ta'oiuihudred ari-es iii exteiitlii (Iraitl liarllil.(wiire. Smal itiqamititiesouf WitnTraverse Blay, thle foliuwirig tianit hrare imiiie, anid a great niiumber of ablb Islitnds itre iiiclniied in Eminet fish biirrels. Siinie attention has Cou iity:- been given to biiit tiutiling, aned at few sniiill1 schmluuieIs havi e beeii Coli- striictedii ere. There isoiie suw iiili. a4 Three large whlarves are idevoted tio ISLANDSt. the wool litsimiess. Z a Theme is a. lost office at Saint Ja iiies, the onuly oiie in Eimiiet coolnBtg Beaver, 13 6%:15,219 ty. A printing press has ieeii ini uptGariden, 5 2 4,401 oratIon there for four years, aiii a Haribor, 10 weekuly pap)er is Isusted. Hoig, 1%.5 2,071 IAt the suiutlieast extreiiity of thle B: Hitt, 11 Islaiii Is thle iiew village of Gmlillee. G eaver Rabbitit, 169 The tiilY busiiiess yet opened Is thint GrUP. Virgin, 96 of getthiig ((at wonul fiii stenmbiimats. Trout, 81. A laige wharf huis beemi built for that High, 1%~ 2 1,510; pumpose. At the siiithiern extienmity Gull, 1%Y 140 nf thin Islanil is at lgiitiiiiise. Holy, 1 Most of time Island Is well atdapteud Le Galet, 1 tim agricultiure, auiil farms ins-c been 44 BIG BEAVER. opened in everypart. It produces all Saint James Channel, at tile north the crops usually cultivated in New end of Beaver, is the second lake in York, Ohio, Wisconsin and iowa, inl size, being a mile and a quarter Ilog, perfection. and Ihalf a Iile wide. It is elevated Stock of every kind usually raised thirty-five feet above Lake Michigan. in the northern states have been in- e outlet is a beautifl little brook, troduced, and thrive. The climate sufficient for a small water power.is adapted to grazing.-Pastures are This brook is lost in a satld plain, green till Christmas. Wheat does and breaks out ill several Ilarge not winter kill and corn is never cut springs in the bottomr of the harbor off with frost. In short, it has all of Saint James. It is not imlprobalthe advantages of climate which Isl- ble that this lake was also formell ands in broad, deep waters usually by the drift. possess, less cold in winter, and less The other lakes are smtller, varyheat in summer, and an exemption ing froni fift to.one hundred acres ii from extreme and sudden changes. extent. rhey are generally well stocked with fish, thortab n.(mlie or Beaver Island is well watered(. It tsen have outh'ts. T heg ave fti has seven lakes, varying from a woodle d h, o it Thnysohe dtin quarter of a mile to two miles in shrch es, and g ives adome ri length, and brooks without numbiier, chbeh to t gie sce erOv several of which are large enough lle face of the lnis gestleneS Thie face of the Island is gent ly.)illformill streaims. iTg, and elevated generally from forBig River runs into Lake Michigan ty to eigty feet alove Lake Michlat Big Sand Bay. It is eight or nine gan. Along the west slhore is a lonig miles long, and affords water p)ower range of downs ian sanid bluffs,,ut for several mills. There are a dozeul partially covered with timber. other streams discharging out of tlhej Two lprincipal roaids hailve bee east side of the island, possessing opened through the Island, one exsome value. Jordan, discharging the tending fromi Saint Jtalnes dul south waters of the Lake of Galilee into to Galilee. andl tie othler to a bay Lake Michigan, is the largest streamil one mile west of the liglt lioinsi. and has a fall of twenty-six feet in! Nearly the whole islandt is laid olut one mile. At a very slight expelse it in frnis, abutting upollii Itl(,s twwo can be turned into a new clianneill, roads; the general form teilng' froii and bring this fall at one point, in lll ifty to eighty rods wide, and froil furnish a mostvaluable water power: one to two milles lolng, ail u111sllll In the new villagef lee of ll ne of flr(lll one lhulldred andil fiftly t:o tw\ the inlets of Lake Galilee affolr(s la hundred acres inl extent. Bv this irgood power for a saw nill. There rangement there is all im)portant is a brook one mile west of the light saving inl the amlount of rmoaIl ilakhouse, with a good mill site on it, I ing, necessary to acconinioilatoe tlhe near the lake shore. i country, and it will give tile country, Lake Galilee is the largest lake in whenl well improovetl, al wvorlerful Beaver Island, being two miles long appearance of wealtl andl tlhrift. and three quarters of a mile \wide. EARLY SETTLEMIEN'T ()F BE1.kIt lays back of Galilee, parallel to tlie VER. shore of Lake Michigan, and only a T quarter of a mile distant. It is ele- The French of Chamlulali's clioliny vated twenty-six feet above Lake at Quebec were at Beaver before tlhe Michigan, and has a. depth iof one Puritans reached Pilyiolitlh. O( tle hundred and forty feet. This lake Dutch New York. Utensils left by was once abay of Lake Michigan and them at different early perlids aure the ridge between is a driftformnition frequently found. Exte.isie flields of the period when Lake Michigani which they cultivated are growu n l1up was some thirty or forty feet higlher to wooIds, and sonie 'reimtllaill n gra's. than it is now. But there tire stri'lng indicatimnls of Font Lake, lying ill the rear of the presence of civilization at ia still Saint James, and separated iby a earlier period.-Tile French settleplain a quarter of at mile wide froml ment In Canada dates ill 160i, blut EARLY.-\ S8ETTLErMENT OF BEAVER. 45 there are extensive fields on Beaver industrial arts; whose history is unwhich have been thoroughly cleared known, and have been quite destroyand cultivated; and some very fine ed, or have nelted away in tle mass garden plats remain with the beds, of mankind, leaving but some faint paths and alleys as well formed as and fast passing llenlorials. the day they were made, and laid Captain H. Stansbury makes the out on an extended scale, on which voyage of this Baron La llontan, to trees have been cut of two hundred have been in the direction of the and four years growth. - Conse- Utah Basin; but this is a most o0)quently these places have been aban- vious mistake; for La Hontan went doned and grown up to timber, at from the mouth of the Wisconsin, u;p the least since 1650. THE MISSISSIPPI, to a IRiver bearilg But cultivated fields are generally the descriptiou of the Saint Peter's; several years abandoned before they then far up that. though NOT TO THE grow to timber. These were too ex- LAKE IN WHiCH IT rISEs; and the Salt tensive and show too mIuch signs of Lake was but one liundied and fifty wealth and ease to have been the leagues (450 niles) beyond; which work of a few adventurers. would only make the distance to the There is room at least to believe salt region of Minnesota. (See Stanlsthat of the numerous European colo- bury's Expedition to Salt Lake, p. nies which were planted in America 150 to 155. and map.) and lost without their fate ever being La Hontan's map exhibits the Misknown, some one was carried cap- souriRiver far to the south of his tive to this recess of tle continent final stopping place, and Lake Suand allowed to remain in peace. perior and Winnepeg to the NorthThe existence of such a fact is almost East; aind the only difficulty in apnecessary to account for the rapid plying lhis location of the country, extension of Champlain's colony in and of these cauptive Europeans to this direction. For it is certain that the salt region of Minnesota, is, that within three or four years after he lmakes it West ilstead of North of Champlain commenced tle colony of the head of the Saint Peter's, an erQuebec, it had extended to Beaver ror founded only on an Indian map, Island, and had a trading house at marked on Elk skin, which he copied. what now is Saint James.;GARDEN ISLAND. In 1688 Baron LaHoltan, Lord Th of tis Islad i Lieut. of Placentia, passed( this w ay,The Indian name of this slandl is Lieut. voyage to and upss the thilt Pe- Tagoning, signifying garden or cultiter's river, of Minnesota near the vated lad. It is iow inhabited head of which he found captives from l about twb hufn(ird ldlanas, wo the country around a Salt Lake be- subsist by lishing and raising eorn yond them, having beards, and the and p)tattoes. Many of thel ca appearance of Europeans, whom lie ij od, an(l tley are i thero i lo atil took to be Spaniards; though they good, and they are iprov ig; an, being slaves, and in the presence of what is quite uncommon. areincreastheir masters, called themselves In- alug inn siee te e s. dianTagonlg is considered the best Isdians. land for Cultivation in the group, These captives described their and the Mormons have taken pails country as the abode of civilization, to keep off the Whites, and retain it (howcould savages from the interior in the exclusive possession of tile Inof the continent give such a descrip- dians. It has two Harbors, one of tion unless there was such a nation which is perfectly land-locked, and in their country?) and since the will answer well all the purposes of country has been better known, we the Island, but it is so situated as find the other Indian tribes spoken not to attractany generalcommerce. of by LaHontan. but none bearded and resembling Europeans. It can HOG ISLAND. hardly be otherwise than that sone Hog Island Is occupied by a few considerablesettlementsofEuropeans families of Indians. Most of it has came into the very heart of the con- been in cultivation. but is now grown tinent and brought with them the up to forests. Large fields, however, 46 HOG ISLAND. remain to grass. The soil is poor, but there is room for more. No betbut well adapted to grazing, and ter farming land is found anywhere. very little labor would be requisite There is no Harbor, but the shores to open an extensive grazing farm. are bold, and tile landing good with HIGH ISLAND. any kind of craft. The bluffs of Patmos are immense High Island hasconsiderable waste piles of clay. The quality is suitable land, but much of the soil is of the for pottery.-For brick it is equal to very best quality. It has extensive the Milwaukee. Sand and clay carl old fields, most of which are grown be obtained in the same yard, the up to forests, but some remain to wood cut within a quarter of a mile, grass. It is exceedingly well adapt- and the brick shipped from the kiln ed to settlement, and the Mormons over the gangway plank. The want have a small beginning.-The harbor of capital has prevented the business is deep and bold, with good anchor- teing undertaken. age, but not entirely land-locked. The Islandisto be laid outinfarms, The West side of the Island is a extending from the East to the West vast range of downs, rearing their shore, and usually about two hunbald heads near four hundred feet dred acres in extent, and all intersecthigh. Hence the name of the Island. ed by a single road, from one elnd of These downs make a valuable land- the Island to the other, which rises mark for seamen, beingvisible inclear to the summit by a very gentle asweather forty or fifty miles. Singu- cent tar as it may appear, they are slowly progressing to the East, the wind PAROS. everyyear novingconsiderable quan- Paros is a mitiniature of Patrnos. titles of sand from their Western though not quite equal il quality. slopes over the summits to the East- The Mormons are just commencing a ern. This process forms vast chasms settlement upon it. in the West slope, while oil the East, BIG SIMMiIER tall trees are found killed with the accumulated sands, and buriedl nearly Big Sumner is thelargest and Tmost to the tops. valuable of the Sulmmer Island GmULL TSLAND. Group. It is partially surrounded and cut in different places by steep Gull is the best of tie fishing Is- ledges of limestone, but tile soil is exlands, and would make a respectable cellent for cultivation. It has nu1 exfarm. It has good landings, but no cellent Harbor, which will naturally Harbor. The soil is fertile. draw around it the business of the TROUT, VIRGIN AND RABBIT IS- group, and build upl a pretty little LANDS. town. These Islands are piles of gravel SAINT MARTIN. elevated a few feet above the Lake. Saint Martin is elevated four hunand are all valued as stations for dred and fifty feet above the Lake, fishing. They furnish wood for fuel and its shores are precipitous limlleand buildings for the fishermen, and tone cliffs. Around it are valuable the soil admits of cultivation. Thefisheries, and the soil is fertile, and landing is indifferent, and tie an- well adapted to farming. chorage ba. LITTLE SUMMER. PATMOS. Little Summer Island has a goodl Patmos is a mountain rising ab- soil for agriculture, and the fisheries ruptly from Lake Michigan, to the around it, though not extensive, tare height of two or three hundred feet. good, It shores are rough and preThe summit is rolling and beautiful, cipitous, but the water full of reefs and a most excellent soil. Towards nrd shoals. the South-East the land is but mrtod- * ERTY A erately elevated, and exquisitely POVERTY ISLAN 'beautiful. There is the Mormon set-, Poverty Island has precipitous *tnent. Several farms are opened, shores, a good soil, and fisheries of HOG ISLAND. 47 Home value. f t dreserves a better Erinrmet Coun ty, nearly ilivirling thle name than it has receivedl. inain land. The read of the Buy is SMIALLER ISLANDS. air excellent Harbor, well adlapteud to loc-al coin iler-ce. It is too far off the Isle be Gal et has a Lfght House regular' steamboat routes to attract upon it. then steatners onl the long lines. NevWati-go-sliance Light House Is oil ertheless, when the country settles, an artificial Island eighty feet square, it wiii heromne a 1p1ace (if mchcl cmnbuilt for the purporse. Except thle sequence. unev Light House on tire reef hefore T'le lndia eteet rudLt old Fort Erie. at the entrance of B-uf- inn sver eartteentsi arond Lritsflab harbor, it is the most splendid tie'ravese are extenisivel cudpledito work of the kind along the Lake. pru.'lesoli elrlptd o Point WVari-go-shlnace consists of it irgricultn re, cud the county '3'vell Aviirow of smnall Islairds. sepairatedl from I teri.Teeaesealtemsii' tire main laud by shrallowv chaninels, iii'sliiii good wx-ater. hower,"'(an coinbroken through in thle hit tw~elv4edrheqaniiso auhe timyears is ahenutful hracrouil theni.-Biit It is riot. so There isabatflIsland, large aburdan t, uts to tenrilt hmm ermnie to enoxigh for settleniren t, near th Penr- make lruriler firI export. irsula o)1 Grand Traverse, which withr There is at wviirer roind front tire iril the small Islanils iii that Bay is ii mend oif Little Traverse to iuticami; Eminimet Counity. The Green Islaiide anrother to Grand Traverse, arid iii tire Straits of Michnilimaicikinac. thipene toi thle Musikegon; and oiie soiie siiall oiies aloeg the North frorir tile head if Little Tinshore of tire Lake, ann the wvaters of verse to Cross Vilir1ge, friini Green Bay, and others scattered wvhich place thle passeage is airong tire Berrvier' uil Sirrrmier' crude onl thle Ice,, iiy wey if Ptlidirt group, ai'e also lirciudeil, hut they I Vo iric oil Hatt, Hug uirui are riot of thue sligiitest accmiiuit, cx-I Claiii Iertsliirds tii Saict Jmine. cept as obstrucrtiiins tii tire iaviga- I thin. They rrav he resr'iterd to ot- PIERVR cashirrally fur fishing stnatiocse but; At the. centreoif tire piiromontory bescaercely aifford ciii axairtage's rover taceen Girand i an Little 'Iraverse tirecorrigrrirns slrir s laxs a sicinl riier' enters Lake MiciOLD MItCHILIMACKINACt igirmi Onr tire ild incs it is rirrirer Tins is the site of tire setonrd rnireleit eiraai'Geniiv';btsrov Michrilimacklinar. hut is rrowv ui kinown extensively by fire narre of hrrbiteel. It Is in tire Norrtir East coui Pine Rtixvi'. Tins streamiiIs orrdy a irer' of tire Crruntv iii LEeret. It be- qiaraiter of a nile lring, nuncronies rut gins to rave sroie imprortanrce as the of at Lake iii alruut one Iairirrihrer point at wviicir urry Rall BRoad froir acies iii extent, which Is coinnectedl by Luke Superiour tr) Detroit rirrst a River' irily sixty r'odrs lmng iviti across tire Str'aits.-'Thie early cori- LmIg Lrke, somiretimres ernileri Pine struction oif such a rocrd is noiw rrob- Lakei. irble; the plan being to ferry across Pine Lake extends by its maiin ori tire Strarits, which at tirat lbinct are I wvidest channel forurteen miles rip iii only three ann] a half err'- frour miles the rrrintr3', and fry a narrr'wx Biri nine. brarichinri fromi rice sine seveirri armiles The plan of a ferry, browvevr, wxill further. 'iie sirores if I Iris Luke are nrot succeed; hecaurse tire' ice forirrs in bold, its wa-iter's dceii; It enirirrsirni such quantities as to eirtireiypr'evcrrt sonic beautiful islndrns; it Is inriected tire pnassage of brrats long before by riurieroris pr'orrontouries; seprirasleighs can tross oin It. If therirad is ten by dleepr bays ann hrarborrs; prelocauted across the Straits, it a'ill nec- sentirig as tine irtati lr scenery irs tire essarily cross on at britdge, in oruder' teo eye mf manl ev-cu beinelri secure the ivinter' business. Tine country arriunri Pine Lutke Is wvell iveorded, mraple anu ibericr lieing I.,TTLE TRAVERSE BAY. the irevallirig timber. There Is Little Traverse puts rip dheep into enough orf pine fur' the rise of tire in 48 PINE RIVE'I. habitants, but the quantity does not accord well with that name. The nouth of the river is closed by a bar, with no more than two feet of water. Inside this the depth is sufficient for steamboats.-But there is fall enough between Pine Lake and Lake Michigan to drive mills. The bay in which Pine River discharges! makes a very good harbor, and with the advantage of water power, inland navigation, and a fine back country, it cannot fail of becoming a flourishing place. When the ontlaws who had been engaged in the crusade against the Mormons left Beaver, many of tlheml went to Pine River. There they were joined by others from vlrious quarters, ostensibly for the purpose of fishing. The fisheries have never supported the settlement. Indeed, very few fish were sold. With no other visible business, they continued to increase till 1853, when they numbered seventy or eighty men. These men made an occasional descent upon Beaver to steal fronl the Mormons. But as their object was to steal, they were not particular who suffered by it, and were prowvling about the lakes at all times, and taking whatever was in their way. and charging their own thefts to the Mormons. The breaking up of their settlement after the murderous assault on the Sheriff of Emmet. gave security to property for fifty miles around. CONCLUSION. This vast region of the ancient Michilimackinac, so early visited by civilization, has but just started on the race of Empire. Possessed of all the national elements in bounldless extent, with a climate which insures a hardy race, and natural facilities for the greatest enterprises of this enterprising age, its growth mi ust be as rapid as it is long delayetd.