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OCTOBER 20, 1922'


PAGE 7


OCTOBER    rr 20, -- 1922                                                                           PAGE 7


A Story of the North Russian Campaign
The Defense of


Ust Padenga
By Daniel H. Steele
HE village of Ust Padenga is
situated  on  the low  bluffs
formed  where   the  Padenga'::':   g
River empties into the Vaga.
It is north of the Padenga and west of.i
the Vaga, and consists of the usual      ^
scramble of log houses set close together along the north and south road,
with scattered barns and outbuildings
on either side. The usual clearing surrounds the village for a distance of
less than a 'verst (the Russian kilo- and f o
meter-about two-thirds of a mile), manned
and to the north, on a big knoll over- Russian
looking the entire countryside, is a and two
large two-story schoolhouse of squared post wer
logs. At this point the forest swings house, w
in sharply to the road, framing the lerymen
building  against a  background   of Nijni G<
sombre pines. Across the Vaga the only, war
dense forest slopes down to the river's toon and
edge.                                  Judginl
To the south the road dips abruptly tempts o:
to the Padenga, crossing on a narrow  take it,
bridge made of logs, and winds around but lately
to the right parallel to the Vaga for toon had
several versts across a low river flat, woods in
bare of trees, but dotted with three himself
smaller villages. At the southern end growing ]
of this flat, marked by a tiny white was repo:
church with its characteristic gilded ing troop
dome, is the little village of Nijni Gora. patrols i
And at the edge of this village, almost their pal
surrounding it, is a deep irregular gully And the f
several hundred yards wide, which loses Padenga
/ itself on the other side in the intermin- and restle
able forest.                         feet throi
This briefly describes the southern-  Mead's
most position held by the Americans of Gora at
the North Russian Expedition in Jan- 18th, pre
uary, 1919. The main body and head- guard.
quarters 'of the Vaga column was at outpost, a
Shenkursk, a town of three thousand ually hat
inhabitants twenty versts to the north. cook, cou:
The Bolshevik force, indefinite in chickens,
numbers but growing in strength and other vill
boldness, lay sprawled along the Vaga  This ni
to the south, with its outposts at little to go rig
Bereznik, five versts from Nijni Gora, some of t
and its base on Velsk, which was con- to heat a
nected by a winter trail with the rail- weather.
road.                                thaw   out
Captain Odjard, in command of the scrape the
Allied position, had been most energetic parts of
in strengthening its natural defenses, tillery ob:
and had the main village ringed with  A  biting
blockhouses and trenches, and particu- toes, man
larly on the right flank, because of the squirm wi
dangerous nearness of the forest, fir- ters wors
ing lanes were cleared and barbed wire clouds ac
knife rests laid. The villagers of Ust difficult tc
Padenga had disclosed several trails Even the
leading into the forest to woodcutters' should.
shacks or hay clearings, and these were  Shortly
carefully blocked and patroled.      of the gus
The position was garrisoned by Con- lighting
pany A, 339th Infantry, a platoon of lightly on
American engineers, a medical detach- so that h
ment, a company of Russian riflemen,   "What


u r eighteen-pounder g u n s
alternately by Canadian and
artillerymen. The engineers
infantry platoons not on out'e billeted in the big school7hile the Russians and artiloccupied the main village.
ora, with sandbag defenses
s outposted by a single placovered by the artillery.
g from the former clumsy atf the Bolo farmer-soldiery to
the place was strongly held,
y, since Lieutenant Cuff's plabeen slashed to pieces in the
front of Bereznik and Cuff
killed, their front had been
more and more aggressive. It
rted that the Bolos were moves to this front. A Company
had repeatedly clashed with
trols within the past week.
few peasants remaining in Ust
were becoming more sullen
ess. Bolo espionage was perugh such sources.
platoon had taken over Nijni
dusk on Saturday, January
pared for the usual round of
The men did not mind this
is their duties were not unusrd and occasionally Red, the
Id find a potato pit or a few
which were very scarce in the
ages.
ight, however, nothing seemed
ght. Fires had gone out in;he billets, and it takes hours
Russian stove in such bitter
The machine gunners had to
t their water jackets and
e congealed oil off the working
their guns. The Russian arserver had not shown up yet.
wind numbed fingers and
de the sentries dance and
ith the cold and, to make mat3e, blew the surface snow in;ross their front, making it
a see to the edge of the woods.
rum ration didn't help as it
after midnight the sergeant
ard came to Mead's billet and
a lamp, touched the latter
L the shoulder once or twice,
e sat up suddenly.
is it, Sergeant?"


"Kolvassa has been over on that listening post on the right, and he says,
Lieutenant, that he heard men talking a little ways out in front of him,
and that once a spot of light appeared
over in the woods."
Mead jumped up and the two men
went out at once, walking rapidly along
the deserted street to the last house,
and crouching low along a drift-covered picket fence, entered a deep snow
trench which zigzagged off into the
open.  They   found  Kolvassa  lying
curled up in the nestlike hollow which
had been scooped out of the snow and
filled with pine branches, his white fur
cap scarcely showing against the irregular rim of the place, and crawled
in beside him. Kolvassa shifted enough
to pull the fur flaps away from his
face and whispered excitedly:
"Men out there, Lieutenant. One
guy he say, 'Damn cold here, what time
is it?' Other guys speak, I not understand. Listen!"
Kolvassa was Polish and understood a little Russian. A period of intent observation, however, failed to
reveal any more than the distant swish
of the pines and the innocent noises of
the night. Satisfied that the sentry
was mistaken, they withdrew, but spent
the next hour visiting all the positions.
Everything seemed quiet.
At three o'clock Mead was roused
again. This time the sergeant himself
had seen two rockets at short intervals,
one out of the woods in the direction
of Bereznik and the other from across
the river. Several of the posts had
movements to report, so all of them
were warned to double their vigilance,
and the relief in the billets was held
ready to stand-to. An hour passed
and their uneasiness persisted, but still
there was no tangible sign of an enemy.
The principal emplacement of the defenses of Nijni Gora was a small bathhouse, better built than the ordinary,
with embrasures on three sides for
firing, and sandbag reinforcements
This housed a Vickers gun squad, a
Lewis gun squad, and two or three
riflemen. It had under observation the
other positions in front of the village,
and could be approached from the village under fair cover, and the gully
sloped away from it in a great sweep






POA4 8


THEr AMER~fICAN LEGIfON  WEEKILY


f'Ae.                   TH  A RC   LEIO*EE


giving a perfect field of fire more
than halfway to the woods.
It was nearly five o'clock and the sky
to the east was taking on the grayish
tinge peculiar to the Arctic dawn. The
lightening gray of the dancing field of
snow out in front tempted the sentries
to more detailed observation. Mead,
standing beside the bathhouse, raised
his field glasses and peered intently at
the fringe of trees. If he could only
trust his eyes, but the distance and bad
light created dozens of moving figures
to mock him. "Thank
the Lord," he muttered,
"it'll s o o n be daylight."
A  moment later a
rocket soared   high
above the trees to the
south and hung, a ball
of pale fire against the
starless sky, then was
followed, as it faded,
by another and another, while across the
river, where was nothing but the forest, an
answering red one
flared. And directly to
their front, startlingly
close, a Very light went
up.   Then  Rogers
crawled from the machine post on the left
and pointed with his
mittened- hand.
"There they    are,
Lieutenant; see 'em?"
Then Mead saw them
indeed., The edge of
the woods seemed alive
with  moving figures.
As he watched it looked
as though the entire
mass of black underbrush was extending
toward them, reaching
out slowly and noiselessly directed by some
resistless force. It was
weird and uncanny and
puzzling, this methodical progress of a silent,
mysterious body, larger
by many times than
any they had yet seen
on the Vaga.
Mead   turned   to
Rogers. "Tell them not
to fire until they hear
us open up here," he
ordered, then started
into the blockhouse.
The men at the guns
were chattering excitedly to each other as they watched
the advancing wave spread out a little. They were now several rods out of
the woods, but the deep snow made
heavy going. Suddenly, much nearer,
from the very bottom of the gully,
with hoarse cries and commotion, company after company of spectral figures
clad in all-concealing white rose up to
meet them.
"Fire!  For God's sake!"    Mead
started to shout, but his words were


swept away by the deafening crackle
as a hundred machine guns opened up
along that ghostly line. The inside of
the ishak they were in seemed alive
with the spitting crack of their fire.
The Americans' guns played madly
against that overwhelming fusillade
and ripped and tore into that flounder

ing advance, but as fast as gaps were
made they were filled by others from
the rear, and the marching fire of their
automatic rifles was not without its
deadly effect on the handful of defenders. And the question passed back
and forth, and they waited agonizingly
in vain for the answer, "Where the
hell is our artillery?"  For a few
bursts of shrapnel could soon have
broken that unprotected mass out in
front.
One hundred and fifty yards away


road. Now the first of the white front
was showing at the edge of the village.
A handful burst out on the left and
almost enfiladed Kernan's group. A
larger party had broken through on
the right and was threatening to cut
them off. More than a score of the
stricken platoon were dead or wounded
among the houses. The few remaining
rallied and fell back as quickly as they
dared along the road. The Bolos, too,
had been badly cut up and now seemed
disposed to content themselves with
firing from the houses
they had taken.
Along the road the
last dozen retired, too
worn and stunned to
care much whether
not, till a rattle of firing just behind them
showed a relief party..f r rom         Ust Padenga
covering their flight.
And the tardy Russian
gunners, as if in mockery, opened up with
ien; tp srapid fire on the lost..i.............. village of Nijni Gora.
The garrison of Ust
Padenga was alert and
standing-to as the remains of the first pla-:' >toon dragged back into
town, too dazed as yet
to   comprehend  what
had happened.   T h e
Russian guns were now
ranging on the church
in Nijni Gora and hammering away at the
few houses which sheltered the Bolos. Their
glasses showed the village aswarm     with
troops.  About t e n
o'clock, however, Bolo
patience  seemed  exhausted by this strafing, and with a roar
that made the eighteenpounders sound like
toy guns, a battery of
four and six-inch guns
opened up from a new
position, apparently
two or three miles back
in the woods across the
Vaga.
The heavier armament of the Bolsheviki,
which was increasingly
evident at every stand
from this time on, was
the most serious obstacle the Allies had to combat. They
were outranged and battered by heavier
guns which seemed prodigally supplied
with ammunition despite the difficulties of transport.
The heavy log houses in the Russian villages were fairly good protection against rifle fire and shrapnel
when troops stood on the side opposite
to the shelling, but they were worthless
against high explosive shells or
larger calibres. And in the intense
cold the men could not remain long


out-of-doors. Bolo practice, therefore,
was to demolish the billets in a town
by  high  explosive  and  incendiary
shells. Then the Allies were forced to
retire to the next village where billets
could be had providing some sort of
(Continued on page 24)
-A      -:7 '-1'l   i


"That's the last beltl" he gasped


the attackers still pressed on. One
hundred  yards, and  the desperate
defenders could see the dark, orderly ranks of the troops in the background. The Vickers gun in the blockhouse stopped.   Nye, the gunner,
turned around. "That's the last belt,"
he gasped.
Mead groaned. "We'll have to pull
out," he said. "Bring that Lewis gun
and work back along the road. You'll
have to cover those other posts as they
come back. Lord! If only the artillery-"
But the other posts did not need
orders. They were in the same plight,
and back they fell, firing from around
buildings, now each man for himself.
Sergeant Kernan was making a stand
with his relief along both sides of the




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Keeping Step with the
Legion
(Continued from page 14)
Letters were written to all school-teachers in this State, to all school superintendents and county superintendents of schools.
In this work we had the hearty co-operation of the state superintendent of schools
and the commissioner of education. The
drive was taken up with every post and a
letter was forwarded to the post officers
every other day commencing November
21st, telling them what was on foot and
offering suggestions.  We are very well
pleased with the results obtained. Churches
and ministers throughout the State gave
us their very hearty support.
Next in the file was a circular letter
which the West Texas Chamber of Commerce got out to help Vernon D. Hart
Post of Stamford, Texas. The letter
asked members in different towns to
give the following service to direct atention toward Education Week.
1. Urge ministers of all denominations
to preach on the subject of education on
sunday.
2. Urge the mayor to issue a proclamaion setting aside American Education
Week.
3. Urge the newspapers to give as much
pace as possible on educational matters,
he space to include both articles and ediorial&sh
4. Urge merchants to use educational
indow displays and to use references to
he week in their regular advertising.
S. Ask the motion picture houses to flash
lides to promote the purposes of Educaion Week.
6. Have speakers at all public meetings
o talk on the necessity of education.
7. Co-operate with educators and with all
atriotic, civic and fraternal organizations
n the promotion of the week.
8. Advertise the week on letterheads and
nvelopes.
We found a lot of other posts that
ad secured similar co-operation. Not
few posts had got out circulars of
heir own to business men and to other
rganizations. Posts in Gentry County,
issouri, did a lot. They had printed
neat folder with a calendar for the
eek and quite explicit instructions on
ow to observe the week. Moreover,
he posts all took steps to encourage
he educational improvements sought
y  local county   superintendents  of
chools.
Posts in Crosby and Ironton, Minneota, practiced similar strategy. They
ven went a step farther and held a
ommunity    concert  in  the   Crosby
rmory which had for its first purpose
he promotion of education but which
as sufficiently entertaining otherwise
[ bring out people who might not have
ome merely for the purpose of lending
pport to the week,
Then we found another good letter
rom the office of the St. Paul Departent of Education.    It outlined the
urposes of education and said, among
ther things:


A cordial and urgent invitation is exnded to the public to gain first-hand in)rmatlon concerning the public schools
rough the personal observation of as
uch of the regular chool work as pooble, and taso through personal calls upon
e prinipals, supervior and other officer
r information, consultation, etc,


I


ya


Can You Solve This Mystery?
Who is America's sweetheart?     ll give you just one guss. Why, of eeurse —it "Dip cy for
mark," —the first funny sentence above, only we've rearranged the letters in her Name.
Her name is rally Mary Piclford, the great movie star. Now that you know, yot have 10
points to your credit in the Mary Pickford Mystery Puzzle. The tan funny eOt       taee above are
the names of ten movie stamr with their letters rearranged.
If you can straighten them out to spell correctly the names of the movie actors, yoe have
solved the mystery. You will get 100 points and can win the $1,000 reward.
More than likely you know the names of most of the Popular Movie Starl, hbt to b     fair to
everybody we are mentioning below the names of some of them      Just to refresh your memory
Mae Murray, Agnes Ayre, Theodore Roberts, Harrison Ford, Billie Burke, Lla Lee, Bister
Keaton, Will Rogers, Bryant Washburn, Alice Joyce, Dorothy Dalton, Douglas Firbaks Wl
lace Reid, Mary Pickford, Thomas Meighan and Alice Btrady.
185 Points Wins $1,000
If you can correctly rearrang  the eten namne of the movie players Ill give you    100 poiba
toward winning the $1,000. You will gain 00 more points by proying that you have shown a
copy of The Rural Weekly to five of your friends. This will give you 160 points in all, The fil
25 points will be awarded by the judge* of the puzzle to the person who sends in the largest
number of correct words made up from the letters in the name of the great movie star, "Mary
Pickford."
Send in your names of the ten movie stars and your ist of words together. Send them In
NOW.
In making up your list of words from the name, "M ary Piokford," only lettern that ppear in her name can
be used. A letter can be used in a single word only as many times as it appears in the name of the movie star.
Only words found in the main body of Webiter's Dictionary oan be eounted.
Abbreviations, proper nouns, proper adjeetives, prefixes, suffixe, obsolete, rehoei and foteign words sannot
be counted. Words *pelled alike, but with different deefinition, can only be counted as one word, By just looking at the name "Mary Pickford" you can s*e esuoh words as "for," "pick," "my. ""," et,. Numbtr sa&h werd
alphabetically on your list.
The winning answer or the One earning 115 points will receive $1,000 in cash,
There are 25 prises and in case of a tie each tying sontestant will receive identioal prelse
Send No Money-You Can be a Winner
Remember, foiks, yea don't have to spend one penny of your own money to win, and you won't be asked to
subscribe to our paper. All you need to do is introduc The hRural Weekly to five of yaur friendls but firt send
your answer to the puJtle, and if it i eorrect, I will give you 100 Points. Then I'll show you how eSoy It it to
gain the other 86 points necessary to win the $1,000 prize. Write the namet of the ten Movie Stare arroeotly
on a plaeo  of paper and send it In right away with your list of words. Contest elosea for solutions, Nov, 4th.
Address Answers to H. J. Scott, Dept, 9                     The iard   Weekly, St. Pai, Min.


L --- —                      -  ~- I                I ii -I~-   I --- l.


4 rd  Puzzlers Workers hav the bestopportunity
rd                        to win a prize when quipped with
WEBSTER'S
NEW       INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY
The "Supreme Authority"
It contains over 400,000 words including the new world War trms.
WRIT 'for specimen pagef and prices.
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The letter contained a complete summary of the public education facilities
of St. Paul. This letter is quoted, not
so much because its compilation was a
Legion activity-on the other hand, it
was an -activity by the schools themselves-but because after the letter had
been printed the Legion helped give it
circulation.
Then our eye fell on a newspaper
clipping which told the plans of Rainier
Noble Post to bring Education Week
home to the people of Seattle, Washington, last year. Plans, the clipping
said, were being made to hold a downtown mass-meeting Sunday afternoon
at the opening of the week, to be followed every evening by community rallies in different parts of the city. Sixty
rallies were to be held. The post had
arranged to send speakers to community meetings in schools and to all


meetings of other organizations whei
they would be welcome.a
Space alone forbids printing scor
of similar suggestions-and of sugget
tions just as applicable although di:
ferent.  Space also prevents publics
tion of all the suggestions the Amer
canism Commission will make. HHo
ever, we have it on the authority c
Garland W. Powell, the Legion's A
sistant National Director of American
ism, that enough newspapers will d'
vote whole columns to the subject
help in no mean way. For instanc'
Mr. Powell recently met with Presider
Harding and John J. Tigert, Unite
States Commissioner of Educatioi
The President pledged his hearties
co-operation and promised to issue
proclamation which he hoped would b
followed by similar ones from the go0
ernors of the States.


The Defense of Ust Padenga
(Continued from page 8)


A

shelter. Night came. With it artillery
firing ceased, with the exception of
stray shots, probably intended to keep
the guns from   freezing up.  They
seemed anxious not to show too many
flashes which would reveal their gun
position to Ust Padenga. The day's
shelling had had little real result, for
apparently they were unable to time
their shell bursts properly and a good
deal of their shrapnel burst on concussion. It was very hard to do accurate shooting with the guns stiff with
the cold and the oil in the buffers congealed. And the temperature was in
the neighborhood of forty below.
The defenders of Ust Padenga saw
the next day dawn as calm and peaceful as a Sunday at home. Smoke arose
from the chimneys of the villages in
slim gray wisps, and men could be seen
walking unguardedly about. Even yesterday's guns were still. About nine
o'clock a convoy of stores pulled in
from Shenkursk, escorted by a dozen
mounted Cossacks and several supply
men, and at eleven returned to Shenkursk taking with them   sleighloads
of wounded soldiers. Orders from
Shenkursk were to continue to hold this
position.
At noon the Bolo artillery started
again and there were several more
guns in action. And from directly
south on the west side of the river four
field pieces opened up. They ranged
on the lower houses in the main village and when they secured a hit,
raised their elevation twenty-five yards
and picked off the next one, and on
they came. Several longer range guns
played on the schoolhouse and tore up
the ground around it. The Russian
guns were silent, as they had no wish
to expose themselves in such a test of
skill.
Odjard sent out a patrol into the
woods on the right and they came hurrying back with the report that they
had run into the enemy in force. A
little later came firing from that direction. The attack swept in an avalanche from the neighboring woods.
This time the Bolos were careful not to
come into the open, but they could be
seen massed among the trees, firing
Indian fashion from behind cover and
jumping back and forth. The blockhouses replied whenever they had a
target, and now the artillery, anxious


to redeem itself, swung around ar
poured its fire at short range into tl
woods. A large body of troops file
out of Nijni Gora and, developed
frontal attack from many irregula
skirmish lines.  The Russian gut
wheeled again and met this new o
fense furiously. The attack from ti
woods spread around to the rear ar
their fire came from as far back a
the road. And Odjard, in phone con
munication with Shenkursk, found h
wires dead. Once a mob from the poil
where the timber was closest tried l
rush the blockhouse there. But the
had not reckoned with the American
gunnery, and the assault wasted awa
before it reached the knife rests. Han
grenades and rapid fire were soon lil
tering the snow with Bolo wounded an
dead.
These Bolos did not lack bravery ar
even a certain training and disciplin
but the defenders had their back to t
wall. They knew nowhere to turn f
help. They could not retire, and th
clung to their positions with a sava
tenacity that the Bolos could nev
pierce. Till late in the afternoon th
threatened Ust Padenga, sniping
the loopholes and surging back a
forth to new assaults. Then the hus
of evening fell and the firing died.
Shortly after dark came a ringi]
challenge from the Shenkursk roa
and a strong detachment of Cossacl
under Grabovski clattered into the v
lage. They had repaired the wires
Shenkursk and brought word fro
headquarters.
The attack on Nijni Gora, they
ported, was part of a general thru
on all the Allied positions to dri
these invaders back to the White Se
Since the first of September, 1918, tl
Allied force in North Russia had bed
able to push southward on the rive
and the railroad practically at wi
for the Soviets had not yet obtain
sufficient control over their inter
enemies and more threatening fro
to worry much over the limited acti
ties of a handful of Allied troops
the frozen north. Deniken, Wrang
Semenoff, Koltchak, and other count
revolutionary leaders kept them t
busy for them to spare more than
regiment for Archangel province. Co
sequently, the well-trained soldiers
the Allies were able to drive back t


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L:\ a\ w \   20 years, and we will
7\Sl    & 7 i  atr u1* t  Ad tat all
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ntze Wb the -. Hefleved by
oer $1.0. or. C... $11.
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OCTOBER 20, 1922


PAGE 25:COE 20 1922_                                                                             PAG 25






peasant mobs regardless of their numbers. Now, however, the Armistice had
been signed, thousands of their troops
were not needed on other fronts, and
they began to pay serious attention to
the situation in the north.  Lettish
regiments were transferred from the
Riga front, detachments of sailors from
the Baltic fleet, Communist Red Guards
from Central Russia, and even units
of Chinese were moved into the operations against the line of Allied outposts. They realized that they were
losing territory here and sent divisions
instead of peasants to regain it. This
fighting at Ust Padenga and the other
outposts marked the turning point in
the North Russian campaign. From
this time on the Allies were pushed
slowly back, holding like grim death
to all their positions, since they knewv
that no help could reach them until the
spring, and that they must hang on until relief could come. Their operations
from January to July, 1919, were a
series of defenses of unfortified villages, evacuations and rear-guard actions, although they did not as yet
dream that they would not be able to
hold Shenkursk.
The village of Kodima, on Shenkursk's left, the Cossack detachment
reported, had been captured and half
the White Guards defending the place
had gone over to the Bolos. More than
a thousand Bolos had been reported
moving on Shenkursk from the other
side, along the trail from Nyandoma on
the railroad. These movements in the
rear of Ust Padenga placed that village in a dangerous position. How
long would Shenkursk expect them to
hold out against such a force?
All during the night the restless defenders  maintained  their  anxious
watch. The forest was full of strange
sounds; the swish of sleighs, the
crackle of branches, human voices,
cries and groans. The Bolos were
searching the frozen woods for their
lost. Wounded men could not live long
huddled in the snow in the Arctic
winter.
At daybreak they continued their
methodical shelling, and for two days
pounded the helpless village with a
dozen guns, which, in that small area,
literally wiped the village out of the
clearing.  As  two   sleighloads  of
wounded were being evacuated out of
the little shack which served as emergency dressing station, a shell burst
among the group, killing the doctor and
three others. The men in Ust Padenga
were now living in their blockhouses.
Even the Bolo infantrymen had recovered some of their morale and now
~howed themselves more and more
oldly.  They could not understand
ow men could hold a position which
ad literally disappeared under their
helling. And in truth, the garrison
vas nearly done for with cold and
shortage of food and fatigue.
Then to the relief of everybody:ame orders that they were to fall
rack into Shenkursk that night. They
ot ready their meagre kit and waited.
t eleven o'clock the artillery cut loose
or fifteen minutes in the direction of


he Bolo gun flashes. Then, as the
3olo replied, they limbered their guns
nd caissons and pulled out onto the
oad. At a signal the outposts withrew and hurriedly took.their places
n the formation. A brief inspection
howed everything ready and they
led away to the north.






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So tired were they, and so heavily
burdened because of the shortage of
sleighs, that it was daybreak as they
were pulling into Shalosha, a tiny village buried in the woods about halfway
to Shenkursk. They mounted a sentry
post at each end of the road and
dragged themselves into the houses to
drop down and snatch some sleep.
That evening, as the men were going
over their gear and getting ready for
the night's march, they were alarmed
to hear a sudden volley of firing from
the southern end of the village, and
tumbled out into the street in confusion. In the dark dozens of figures
were rushing madly about, and at the
end of the street a score of rifles were
firing into the woods.
Odjard ran out into this rabble and
gave his men a sharp fall in. His
company lined up as on parade. The
firing continued and the Russian officer
dashed up to say that his men thought
that they had seen the enemy, and it
was they who were firing. Odjard
dismissed the company and told them
to remain indoors until they were
called. He strode down to the firing
line, gave the first of the prone figures a savage kick, and ordered them
to cease firing. Some paid no attention to this, so he tore into them, cursing them for panicky fools, and, smashing them with his fists and revolver
butt, drove them back into their billets.
One of the gun crews, unfortunately,
had shared the same panic and in trying to harness their outfit lost their
heads, so that the horses, running wild,
upset the gun in a deep ditch where
they were unable to pull it out. They
took out the breech lock, broke the
wheels and used the horses they could
catch to help the other gun teams.
The march to Shenkursk was resumed, and they trudged on through
the night, thanking Providence that
they were not more closely pursued.
From time to time, in the distance toward which they were going, came the
indistinct sound of shelling, like the
night drums of an Indian war dance.
Came another dawn and they reached
Spasko, a small village on the river
flat just around the bend of the Vaga
from Shenkursk, but still within sight
of its church tops. Here they met Cap

tain Mowatt of the Canadian Artillery
with a single eighteen-pounder sent
out to help cover their retirement, and
they turned in for a little time, planning to go on into Shenkursk at dusk.
The Bolo pursuers, however, had
made up lost time, and shortly before
noon the first of their guns ranged on
Spasko. At two o'clock infantry fire
broke from a ridge in the woods nearby, and Odjard again formed his exhausted men in a skirmish line along
the side of the houses. Mowatt dragged
his gun into the open and with magnificent disregard of his exposed position helped clear away the Bolo front.
The superb handling of this one gun
made it possible to hold back the advance, as the infantry was now working mechanically and without spirit,
too worn out by its efforts to do otherwise.
Behind them, beyond Shenkursk, the
Bolo shelling had reopened, and long
shells were flying over the town and
bursting  above the river.  Several
buildings, set afire by the shelling,
were sending up long columns of smoke.
Shenkursk, worried about Odjard's outfit and unable to get word from them,
sent out a platoon as support. A piece
of shrapnel struck Odjard in the back
of the neck so that he had to be
rushed back to the sleighs. Another
shell burst in front of the Canadian
gun, putting it out of action and taking off Mowatt's leg at the knee. He
and Odjard were hurried back to Shenkursk, and Mead, who was left in command, withdrew the skirmish lines
gradually, until they met the fresh
platoon which was deployed covering
their withdrawal. Then, forming in
column, they straggled painfully back
across the flat where the irregular road
ran through the low scrub timber,
spread out a little as they crossed the
Vaga, and climbed up the steep twisting road which cuts the high bluff and
winds into Shenkursk. Then this, the
only entrance to the town on the west,
was blocked and guarded, and the battered column, with a feeling of absolute safety in gaining the most
strongly-fortified place on the two rivers, fell into the billets and dropped in
sheer exhaustion where they could find
room around the stoves.




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The Logic of the Barred Gate
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or will cease to produce offspring, or
both. The old idea of the "melting pot"
has exploded. Different races do not
blend into one homogeneous race the
characteristics of which are determined
by the environment. The lower type
gradually absorbs the resources of the
community. Its own standards may
rise somewhat, generally do, but the
net result is a loss-a lower standard
than if the higher type had been permitted to develop normally. Again the
intermixture of high and kindred types
tends to produce variations superior to
both, while the intermixture of nonkindred types tends to the reverse.
This is true in plant and animal life.
The pioneers who fought the Indians
and irresistibly forced their way across
a 3,000-mile continent in little over half
a century would seem to prove that the
rule holds for the higher type of th9
human race. The results of blending
mixed types need no examples.
Now let us compare the size of the


American family of the first hundred
years of our independence with the
American family of today. We cannot
lay the loss to lack of space-we suffer
from no crowding. Let us compare the
families of those of our original stock
with those of our immigrants since the
eighties. The conclusion is obvious. It
is claimed by many that our population today would have been nearly as
great by natural increase even if we
had not had the flood of immigration
from eastern and southern Europe.
These immigrants were willing to accept a lower standard and to raise families under conditions deterrent to the
original Americans and their kindred
stocks. These last are gradually being
crowded out of the great industries
except transportation, lumbering and
agriculture, and the Orientals will soon
crowd them out of agriculture on our
west coast unless drastic actior it
taken.
The effect is only less marked upon