IH C03 C43 CM3 C03 *NNW* C"3 CO 7--11 1101........... 2.ýýJj b'.f. ý4tf THE LIBRARY HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS RELATING TO THE AMERICAN COLONIAL CHURCH William Stevens Perry UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. A Subsidiary of Xerox Corporation Ann Arbor ~F IHIISTORICAL COLLECTIONS RELATING TO THE AMERICAN COLONIAL CHURCH SEDITED BY WILLIAM STELVENS PERRY, D.D. Volume I.-VIRGINIA. PRINTED FOR TIHE SUBSCRIBERS. MD CCCLXX. I Two hundred and fifty Copies Printed. No. /* CHIuRc IP iasi CoMPvANY, Hartfordl, (Coii. fit f tlenorI of FRANCIS LISTER IHAWVIKS, D.D).A,L.D., HISTOmoIuAnan OF TIMa AhOCRICAN LHUR CIO, TO W1 ('ýE Z EA 1 AND PIlRSONAI. YFIOAIý I lE. COLLE(TION AND Ilk -itRVATION (4 Tilkl lit)ý1'N1 ITS AND PAIIEW(cN I'AINKI) IN I'IMl \Wl IK A I K DUlt, THIS VO()LUM IS INsCRil1m:1) e IN TRO DUCTION. IrrrIE need be said to preface the important and interesting pap I.m comiprised in this volume. While they are far from presenting an exhaustive, or even a connected history of the Church in the Old Dominion during the period to which they belong, they furnish the material from which that history is to be drawn. They offer the vc'r/a jsissismna of the men who gave their lives to the work of founding the Church in a new world, and though often betraying personal or party prejudices; though sometimes written with sinister ends in view; and from time to time displaying much that the historian would necessarily or willingly conceal, still these letters and papers must be examined and studied by those who would acquaint tlhmselves with the story of the Church's introduction into our land. From their unprecmeditated allusions, their faithful representations of passing events, their jottings-down of matters of civil as well as ecclesiastical interest, they serve to solve many problems of the present day and furnish lessons of encouragement and warning alike to us who reap where these writers sowed. Their preservation, in view of the vicissitudes through which they have passed is no less remarkablle than the neglect with which previous flforts for their publicatioi have beei attin ld. G;atlheredl from three principal sourcics: 1. The archiveis of the Archiiuiscopal palace at I aum tlthi 1l, Tlt, Itishoqis Iilicary at Filhcm;i and 111. The letter fs (d the V\eiiirahile SiiiCty f6r the lrot-,ition if 0h (of el in l wii ' iii arts, hl ir tra iln i.wIaci li WIis ((scirifd iil elihalf (of l ie ('li tClch i the Uis lited Sitates, yi tihe p rii ti t lalsIrs and disciriiI I iatiig catr of the late Ri V. Ic.N Ais 1 L is ccR I I si s, 1 1), 1 A. I /anint c/ ySnrcobie Oe i;wmn - the first II istriciigra her of the Amcriic in (lI I I I r-. asering ll the inbr ati i esl i tcling ii r ecclesiasiil if n" liisan i n to hinm i the ciiiict, lie blthouglit him of the oiixpoi-i Iroiisitories f iaiiers aMiroat. Visiting England as the reipresniative 4f tie AMierican Church, and accreditid to die dignitariis if that Motier Church to which our own has pi-cifssed herself " iidiefitii under God, for her first fiundation and a long continuance of nirsing care aod, pmtectioni", as the one whio had eeiin appinted to write the aiiiiJis of the faiith i the Western r lId, there were ni imoI rtant ii 1 rs ivat were withikilili froii him, andl no aid from tihose mot aplt in the Lquest for antiquarian matter was ref usdi. The result, cighiteen noble folio volumes of transcriits aiil original ISS., has Mein or more tlhn a score of years awaiting the growth of that nmeasuire of interest in historical studies which woolld warrant their appearance in print. Since these copies were made, miany of the o0iginal papers from which they were transcribed have behn destroyed. Nor have these costly volumes timeiselvrs escaped unharmed. i hey bsar the marks of their passage through the fire, and only as they are successively reproduced and multiplied i print, may we ( c confident that these - to thC KA 4Common vii invaluable data of our general and local ecclesiastical annals are placed beyond the reach of sudden and irretrievable destruction, This volume has Ibeen pIrinted bly the prsent editor as preparedl for the press by his revereid instructor and frieind, the late Rev. Dr. I IAIW S. It seiiied httiiig that the inllitial volune of this collection of NISS. should be giv'ii to the world as it paassed from thle loving hands of him whom we must ever recognize as the fttlher of our American Clhurch Ilistory. IFor the g-eneral accuracy of its printed pIages, and for tlhe: brief notes appended at the close of the volume, the editor is responsible. It is his trust that the success of this volumne nmay justify' the speeldy reproduction of the other volumes of the series, and thus insure the issue of a complete collection of documents and papers, covering the formative period of our annals, and g7iving to the world, in minute (letail, the story of our origin and growth up to the period of our ecclesiastical independence. TRINMIY RECIORY, GENEVA, N. Y., Feast of St. John Baptist, 1870. TABLE Or CONTENTS. INSI'TUCTIONS to Sir Willittt ttCrktkcy, Govetrnor of Virginia, t65o, 1 2 "Id/dos AISS. (unboundrt/ ). Instriv tiots fr Thtotas Lord (>ttprjr, Govurtior (ncitrti of Virginia, 1679, 2,1 A i, Cotittiissary Ittair to ( ovurnor Nirholson, 1cr. 3, 169t, 3 -8 Jrtrn of8 f the Vin. `;ocieyfor thec JPripatgtiost 9/ 1st Gospel ina Flscosin Par/s (un/ound let/cro). Cottmtoissary tIWir to Goureror Nictholsont, ct. 27, 1691i2,... 8, 9 A Mcmuoriai l croar ertitg Sir Edinkitd Anttros, Gouruinor of Virgimia, biy I)r. Ittair, 10--2f) /Idihns MI.. (unlsý,un/. Mr. Nicholtas M orcit, to the loot Bishop iof Lichficitt oil too ct ry, Apiril 12, i'((.7, Sir FI. Atitros n10 real friendl to the (Ctrgy, 1697,.... 32-36 /i//itm 118. i(Nos. 95.1 andtu 1029). A trte Account of a2 Cotfcrcnr at ILamtbth, t ehr. 27, 16i97,... 36--65 IFis/lhna u118 (n/-our, I ). (Govertiior Nirtholsoti to- thte High/ Shierift of Ncw K~nt tCouiiity, ill Virginit, tirtil 3, 1699-1700,.66 Furom 118. v/stse li-n. 8d-iey (,1nbound Lehters). Mlr. torke to Mlr. (iomiioissary-Bl tair, (tit. 16, 1(99,. 66. 6, 67 Commitssary- tttairiis (ioveriiir N iichnitsi, Aug. 9, 1700,.. 67 ()9 Froit sotte terustn uiiiktiiow to Gtovemuiur Nii:tolsoi, Icc:. 8, 1702,.. 69-75 Mr. Comitmiissar, Ntair's Memtoriat against (;ioveurnir Niicholsoi, 17u2, 7 75-80 ('stticil of Virgitnia tu the tOicci, Mtay 20, 1701,.. -.. 8 1, X Cot, Quarry to the Lord Btishop of London, Oct. 15, 1703,... 82-87 Atfidr~r t of Stejiheii Foor, rel ating to tite ntal-Adroinistrrrtion of Cot. Niehotrort, Governo 1010 V irgiria, A pril 2,5, 1704, 0 87-93 Mr. jaicis Blalir's Atilirtiit relatiorg to tile satmer, April 25, 1 70t1,. ). 9-1 I 2 Mr. l1,int to the rAto lrthi-lop ol Ciottrertory, Febr. t2, 1f699-l700, 1 1. t, 123 0(ititt Ofi ( Will( it 1o01 tile Relief' if' the Frettrh Refugees guting ito phut in Vlirgini, (;ovr-tior Njitrrlwomi to the I tergy, itf Virgittit, April to, 1700, 1. 15, 10 lire ('le-tgy of Vlrgimtre to Ii,- tioverirr, April a t, 1700, 1 t6 Iif, 1 17 (;rrvrrrrrr Nit hokitot to itec Anr iilisirop of' Canterburry, May 27, 1700,.. 117-121 Gwcrneror Nir toisrir tor tile sarri, Jily) 23, 1700,...121-123 Instroictiorrs to tbe irt-sereet bry Mitr. Robt r 11 iks a1n( Mr. Jolin FAears Inr trearing withi tile Indiatns, -... 123,p 124 Mntr. itiair tno thie Are litrisht orl f (Xuirtertriry, July 13, 1702!,... 124--I26 Governor N ietirrrrt to tire Archlrlrilrrt if Catiterbtitir, JuteN 22, 1702, 126ia, 127 Sir Ed-rwardl Nortrey's Opinriion errrrerrring Inducetion of 'Mintisters in Virginira, -127, 128 Critry orf' onrrrf a Niweeetr tmadte to tire Getneral Assemblry irf Virginia in Nrrueurrlrer, Mdr. BLrrr Ira tire listrtrtr Of Lordir n Nov. 18, 1714,. -..130, 131 Thie furtrher Afiiitavit it Jarres BIt. r, Clerk, eonernreintg Goveernror Niichorlsot's oatAdminririst rat ion, withr resn., &t o tire Clergy, tire College, anti hritrself, Mae i, 170.1, - - - -. -. 131-138 1/Ron31S. (nj the V-n. Soctiely (-unbun-utd ILe/tees). Mir. Iniglis tor tile Grivernilor, -. 139Y 140 Atccountt if tre teorcerlIrigs if tire Clergy of Virgittia at itre Churtihi at Witliarirsbrrrgli, 1705, - - - - - - - - 144-153 1/ill. xi PAGES. Sonime Remarks upon the Minutes or Accounts of the Proceedings at a Meeting of the Clergy of Virginia, at the Church at Williamsburgh, Aug. 29, 1705,. 154-179 I/id. A Ballad addreossed to the Revereuld Members of the Conviocation held at Williamsburgh, to defenid (Goveriior Nicholson and iform an Accisation against Cointissary Blair,......... 179-182 I.cc1on,'O ptt, jan/ed in the Year 1704. Mr. Nicholson to - Extract), Maci tL, 17045,. h. i2 /- om.!188 uf the Ven. Sw/te c. letter to Archbishop Tettison fiom Jomes Li11.r, Sepit 2, 1706,.. 183., 184 LZambleth NAS& i No, 94,, I)r. e Jin lto the Secr etary, Selpt., 170o,...., I4, 85 o/ette /d,c/' f/ce I en. SocIc I V, a. Mr. WV.lace to Dr. Wooduti, April 3, 1707,..... 195, IX6 Mbid (No. r.11, Mr. lilac k to thc Lortu Bishop of London ( EKtrac, Mt ar i 8, 709 - 10,. 96 Letter frcoi (C'ol. Slpotswoodl, Lieut. Gov. of Virginia, (t t. 15, 1711,.. 187-190 Frinom A1S1. if ie Vetu. Societv. Mr. IHall to Mr. Taylor, Secrciarv, Oct. o10, 171a,.... 90, 191 Leter Boi ofo 1/he Ven. Soci e/Y ( / 71. Extract out of Col. Slpotswooil's,Letter to the iisholp of L.ondonlc, May 8, 1712,. I Ii/c. The Lord Bishopi of Lonldoni to the Sevretary,.... 192 lId.,iste (;niiirille de tous Les Frangois Prcotestants Refugies, ftablys dans la Parcoisse (Iu Roy Guillaunme, Comte i' Itenrico en Virginia,... 19!-I95 From the Ot kinal ALIS. Mr. (;ritffn to the IBisholp of Londlon, Jan. 12, 1716,.... 196, 197 Let/er 1ook of t/e Ien. Soi/elY (Vi. 7. The Case of the Vestries of Virginia,.,... 197, 198 /bil. The Journal of the Proceedlings of the (conventttic n heL. at the College of William and Mary, April, 1719,....... 199-217 Piom the Origict/ 11.98. 11istorical IRemiarks for the better understandingli the 'Pro cc dincgs of the Convenctioit of the Clergy at Williaunscucrgh, in April, 1719,.... 21-225 1ild. An Answer to the Accusations containced in the Governor's Letter to the Convention, 226 233 I/id. Mr Conuniissary's Remarks on the Governor's Letter to thlce Parish of St. Anne's, re lating to Collatioiins,,,.,.,. 234-242 Ibid. XII An Act of )Ce Generall Aseimitbly of Virginia, 1662, intl the otiniont of Cotlllil thereo, 1718 19, 4..... 43-245 Ioiiti a coni/i'iirtari 11S. Mr. JoIIC to thl Hi,10hop of I L1o0doii, IMa 30, 1719,.... 246, 247 Etit i/SS. if Mt e I 1n. So, /t. A Copy) (f th I t Ix t' Is o I ()II11hi pro )(t t d by th I 'm min ry 2-47 1/il. Cas a 00 ma Ednies...2,17, J'/ 3e lick / tV In M i 0 t1 1S/. ( d.?( h 11 hipotiwood to the f lo dw, D c( 1J 1721, i 24/) M ri. f it 1) til,Ai l ", i I. to, 17 J A, 50, 51 i 10,111 (l \1I. uhi I 5 j ~ -53 -35t) M r~c 11'ir I Ito (jt th l Inlhn H111)1 toon h id n 65 -37 lib Q lwe iu" to Ie Ic 11,\ Itd I'N ( mli s,ar ius,. 257, z60 /HIJ. Qeti-ije-, ti le;t h\te i it e Minim ter, 1724.. '1. 8 2ti tS l-u/ta~ii i/SN.( adun/ti hitt tiu'n-arh,..ver.... 662 2464 lie (ce F!,, 1// A r. /lie,. tftke S~ Jac. iOtý Ptieh,.. 26-4 - 20 6 Rel. le/hae it INte. t tah -S. Nth66.. hi2-268 Pe;,. Tticttia Pis/. Nvt e t, 1-1, (d W ight o.. 274, 275 l-. -r - h- - 27o-277 AR. Th7 a, / Ill~,.rpor I' le of~ Wighaltc~ Cou nty,. 274. 5 Queries (confiiuurdj, Wilmington Parish, Itlisirnil Parish, New, Kent 'aunts, York tampiton Pirish, C li s lt r It lill sottlit Farr I'l 1t,11 ill Lssex, ori',ish ort'ittv l'lri/motl tiity i~rish1, Uilt hirishl of li' WIe (it' WVight, ('rltit (Churcrih Parish, Mitlilistr (omiiity Si Stephewn's 'irishl, Kinig iind Queein, 1101t1( 0 PI'iris, 111jcr DI tsrI~t, Jaiies 'liver, Soutlintk 'irishi, Sores ('nitv, Ablitigon Pirishi, Wi tciiu cir ('rmnt, SSt. Mart's Cou~, ~'s iinty, ('r' ltPar-,ish Staffirt Ciounts, Saitit Ann's, Pirilih, 2 77-27() Ret'. John Iirrenski//. '79--281t Rev.i Patilti A',,v ~ sr tot' tian' Ar', I/ I t II, o "to 101 lt',Piiil fro 303'ai, 3rt> 3ii0, too R,/r%~ li/tn It j~it to1-313 ARe- J,/41t (As fr. Coanrn111issrri 11t,11 il tnt lv ihl f rutrr JulY 17, 1734, '310 -31 1lit//gu JISS u J Mr. Forbecs A, -mntit' thiw Stte otf tic ur, ht ait Vorjýn%.W,' 3 34 P":J xiv A Proposition for supplying Virginia with a sufficient number of touch better Clergymen than have tusuall y come into it, anti for the right settling and good governof them, 334-344 Ibid. A Protposition for encouraging thle Christian Education of Indians, Negroes, andt 'Mutattot Chiildtren,........ 344 Petitiut of Edmundttttl, livltitl itt oiraltin, t t he King,....345, 346 Mr. inatg, it) lt)( tt h 1if t,"1i0tit 't, llelt. 7, 1725-6. F xtract 31(.-34 Ther ktv. NIt. h)ii ith lit 11 2it 3 il, r 720, 1 t Li it11 G. K; ) 11it,, lit. Sri( It-a Nutv, IIo17 '15 354 NItr. Stkir to lie li-uni (I' t~iLWiiii, Miri Ii i,;'.I ttH Mr. Itaivsintt Iilic 36ot~ti t36 lit1e.4 t7c..3i Mtir. lvtrldgs ti th lishtoptl ot lmitiutit, ut. 10r, 1 tr3i MSr. tllair tot lthe lilinli of tuitiltii, MiNU 29t 1 740,. t 6.1 Mtr. tllair to lie 111-l6 1,~ ()1' tattilt, lvii. 19, 17.5t1 2,... 364 Mrl. ilaN~sti tii lit tl.--lt I'ju tuittitui, July i i, '719.. 365 tlrim ItatiNsilto)ti nlIi (i)iI' iittii JulyN 27, 3750 (ext ract),. j66 Licuil, (Gil. (viii) If ito lit 1"Iulitl if iLiiuld tiw' Ni tO 1, 1 743P 3 () t7' Pitt,,i/ie Oigitur/ I/S. XV Extract of a Letter from the Rev. Mr. Sam. Davies to Dr. Doddridge, Oct. 2, 1750, 368-371 Fidham hASS. (unboun/). 'The Bishop of London to Rev. Dr. Doddridge, May II, 1751,.. 37-374 /Iid. Dr. I)olddridge to the Bishop of London, May i4; 1751,.. 374-377 1Bid. Mr. Dawson to thle tishop of Londoin, July 15, 1751,.... 377-379 Mr. Iawson to the tishop of London, Aug. i6, 1751,.. * 379-381 Address to Burgcsses,....... 38-382 Mr. Dawson o tolhe Ilihop of London, Feb. 10, 1752, *. 38; /1 / Mr, Daiwsoni to the Hiishop of London (no datc), 31 3NO h r 011"n to tht: Iishop of 10l11doll, JUnt' 4, 1 17 %. 3 M6 388.N11,. Kay to the I1ishop tif Londonl, hl 14,1 17,51,, 3,'9- 139 Governor 1)hiwithlic to the Nlihop of I owltki, J'llw 1-,SPtyp 393 -p6 I/lid Goverlnolr t)ilwinlice tol tle Sevrcelry, JuIeI tO, 1752 1 397 398 LJe/rec B''k,/ the Ven. S, Ile 1 / o 3 13r,0r1y The Bishop of* London to John Thorqw, Eq'., Nov. q5, 1752,- 39S 391) ]u/haum 11S. un/oun') Governor Dinwiddioe to the Ilishq) of Limulon, 14c. 10, 1752,..*309 -401 G(;uveror Dinilliie to the tishlllj of tW ulltlon, IJan. 21, 1753,.101 402 Mr. Thorpe to the Bkihop of 1London, 16 I, 1753,.4. 43 Mr. Dawson to the 1iihop of I olnd, Jl) 23, 1753,.... 405 407 Anonymous to the IBishop of 1,ondon, Feb. 1, 1754,..408, 40() Mr. Dawson U) the Hk!Riho of I A"Awi, Marth It i1, 1754,. 409-411s A List of tihe resent iniistes Il Viigini, (htr 30, 1754,... 41 413 1/1/ XVI A Journal of the Pioi cediings of the (Convention held at the College of William anti Mary, (ct. 30, 1754,...... 414- 427 An A(i (iit of lthe MIeting of the Truistees and( Subscribers, etc., aci:iording to the scheme:liii areeld uponi at thile last Convenition,... 427, 428 A List of all thle (Cotiic-,, Parishes, and pIresent Ministers of Virgiinia, inc 0o, 55, 429) -431 P1/. Mer. IDaioti h le tIisthop of iLondonl, Nov. 15, 1754,.431 432 /I Mr. Ifatimoiii the (slili of Iaiiili, jitiic tO, 7155,.32. i i Thi Ck ( i (itf Vi-giiia to thle ihop of Loni ohu, Nov. ii, 1 5,. 431 440 h'li Ic of Vl ii iln ia to the Ihl imhop (It LoIi doi, fib.:5, 1756, 1 446 MI. I)a"man (I tile Itishop of I olidon, Fcb. 15, 1756,.-.. 8 limet-l"i at Iminii NtimtniM, Alll 2t, a1n May i9, ainl 20, 1757, iin Ii it R iii j h thouiiikill, 150 *Gl t-iimlol \ Iii i ta l to dih l VeCM (It 'i 1Ii iltoiim i Iiihl, Maýi i0, 1757, l si lu/thi /.5 i hi/san / Nil,. (SAIMlllk"S 1 " " 01\~(I1 (r tl'(` 1ýilholk (o(' I J111Y ir,!rl! h, 1757, 453. 45-1 I~-.Govclilor Olth di k.l to Owe th1holi (it Loitulon, Scpt. 12, 1757, 4..54-458 Reiiiii ii lie Laiti imtoiiii~sioiniiii lii, h Imgis Mjtils ioillmioiic iiei pAs (If lit Viigii, 175 A 1755, 1ni 175s, rvlatiitg ti lie "(h1t, lYt 1767, 438 460 littir of the Whsyoi of Lanilmii esiecting tle s-aid act, liic 4, I 175, 46 46,1 / #J Mir. Robinon to hIlik thop I t --, Nov. io, 176o, -. 03-170 Mr. Faiquicr to tle Rev. Dr. Ni holls, Jtly 29, 176t,.. fi 4 172 MU. Robill'-01 to tile thyIIolp "I 1"Londonk- 1763, 473-486 titiion ti the Conve iition f the Clergy of Virgitita, 1763, 487, 488 IP14 Xvii Mr. Robinson to the litiobp of' London, Ang. 17, 1764, 489- 501 Ibid. Mr. Gibrroc to the Biishop ()1 i,0tt00tt, Au~g. 31, 17641, 501-503 Mr. Robinisoit to the Bishop ot' Londoni, Mity 2t, It 765S, 503 -505 Sir. Robinson to the Bishop of Londoni Angs. 1 2, 1765, o6-519 Sir. Roltijson to the ttishop o f London, jite 6, 1766, -. 519, 524 lPid. Sir. Robinttsont to flit B- lsltti (I' Lontdon, Octi. 16, 1767,... 524-i29 Sir, Ilorrix, Ls to lie Bishop (iiiit' Londo, itili 6, 1769,. -5-3 trit hoot a Letter riot Sir. PTrSHICieit Ni-I ii, Nit. 15, 177u, -. 532, 5,33 Ktsrit fro aut I.etter nutm Si.resutlci-o N(-!,-iii tii tutul Itllstiorouigh, Aprirl, 17, 1771,., 5t33 5.34 Tlie Scit- itural of' (hlts. Wititt utistti, ( Ii Is - Si--i. 16, 17 7(), 3, ýý1 P/i, N 0 T1 E' S ,ii L i r X~ ~ ~ K* * 1 -A PAPEs RELATING JO TfIL HISTORY OF THE Cl-IHURCH1-I IN VIRGINIA. INASTRUCTIOXS to Sir PI' liA I A'l R CELI, one of /e (n/0cm 111 //' ou,'I.' I / ( /I II 1 ( V0/';io 0/ / i, W111d lo //ý( Cow/r//7 I/' S00,11t 16/r 1b0. (Er Tit T.) Ar 1a:IE I ST. TIhat in the fitrSt pilace you be cartfil, Almighity (;dl may he diuly and daily served, 11Co)'Irmmin to the form yf Ri/gimmn testa /b/jshed i*/ i/th Chu/Ich ol/ Eli/giland, both hy yourself and all the pea 1lh, under yoiir charqe, which ma), draw down a 8lessin(ii ui/n ill your lndiavors: ind l t very Conrgre-gation, /Mat ha/h an abl/f mi/i'lnui. /, hmiii foir him a COMInvenient Parsonagi I louse, To which for his 1)itter maintinanct ovmr and above the usual P1nsion, to liv 200 acres of Gleabmle i La; IFor the cliariny of that (;roundl every of his Parishiminers, for 3 years, mshall ive sond lays lalours, of thiinmselves aiindI tiir servants; Andl sie that \'miim have a special care that thii (UI 1 Land 1m ii ts i, / insar his iin i liimse as miac le, iand that it hr of the b1ct mnimiitiimcn I'andl; Su/ri/n Inl /c:'r4 /0 i////cm if li/Ki i in i 1679.] 2 careful to appoint sufficrent and conformable ministers to earch Coangregatlien, that may catechise and Instruct them in the Ground and principles of Religion. Aiz.rice:l lo'ri. T'o avoid all questions concerning the Estates of Persons dying in Virginia, it shall be lawful, as it/ hath been used hereifoi-e, to make Probates of \Wills, and default of a will to grant Letters of Administration in the Colony, f3rouibcb ahunais that such to whom administration is granted, do put in sutficient security to be accountable, to such persons in EYnglandl, or else where unto whom of right those Estates shall )elong; and( that such Probate of Wills, and Letters of Administration, shall be and abide in full force andl virtue, to all intents and i)urposcs. INSTRU UCTIONS for our right Trusti/ and we/ belovea'C THO1MAS LORD CULPEUPR, our Lieutneant Ine Gov"' G(en;ral of our Colony eand Dominion o/1 Jiriia in Jmerica. Scpt' 6t/h, 1679. And that God Ahiniihty may be more inclined to bestow his Wles15 sing upjon us, a md you in the improvement of that our Colony you shall take speccial cA;: e that Ie be devotedly anid duly served in all the t (;ov. ernment; R/ Book f/ Gninao fro yev as i/ is noo es/ailish/ico, read eabh S nund ad Hl1/dayf, and /he Blessed Scrnmenti ail1iniste,', ild according to the Big/its if the ( hu/ih qf /E'ngland. You shall be careful that the Clhurches, already Built there, slihall be well and orderly kept, and more built, as the Colony siall by God's Blessing be improved, and that besides a competent maintenance to be assigned to the minister of each church, a convenient I louse lie built at the commion charge, for each minister, and one hundred acres of Land assigied himni, for a Glebe and exercise of hIis Industry. I6. n2 ouir tWill anid J3leasure is, that no minister bie preferred, by you, to an)y Ecclesiastical Ienefice, in that our Colony, wi/thoun a C'erI/icate, from 3 [1691. the Lord Bishop of London, of his being conformable to the Doctri~ne and Di'scipline of the Chinrch of Eng-land; and also our pleasure is, that in the IDirection of Church affairs, the ministers be admitted into the respective vestries. COMTIAlSSIR2Y BLAIR 1to GOVERNOR NICHOLSON. AN ACCOUNT O""F- THlE. COLLEGE. BUSINEISS. L-ONDIMN, Dec' 3rd, 1691. MAY I1 PLEASE YVW tt I 1(NI t, In myl) last fruin Bristol I gatve your- I lonour anl account of our lpassagI', our laulding inl Ireland, my passagec from thence to BIristol, wvith all the news I had tlicn hecard. 'Ibis letter I left withl Nir. I lery1)anjiel, who11 protusced to take. care of it, &, to siend it by a ship thiat 1wc saidl was there, alimsit ready to sail fi in IIm BristolI to Virtginia. Mr. Ranidolph of Newc 1 nglaiid, & INI. Sherwood, whlo are tow bo)(tlt Isiont foc Virginiia, will save oteil it uit of n ritinli, tows, so that I shldl iied()I ily) togive- your I lonour an acicoutnt of*ti 1y ou-('tcdlt'S inl the affatirt of, the ('ol Iee,ý- \V ott I cairn fircst to 1 a obittll wthichI was tll.I' firlst day of' Septetil er, lic(' wcid ittait thim."s oiciru to Itiiltiii>' Illy b prescntititi of tie address alm ut dii' 'o~l icn' bi(r NIP. offii y us, io ab'; did riot route to 'lown to) litistt tlu: aIddress ti1)01 tlu it ii pliic's titles' sioit to the crowt; the BIslisop of Lotloidi thotight it tlot. so 1)1 01r to I cesent a it address als itIt busineCss; then1 the KNintug was ill1 to in>lds my 1rieo. I the( IBishop o (f Sali slotry was at Salisbuary; the I isliop of St, Asai 111 t lii s di icese inl Waleis, and 1before NI'. Jef'escaiti to Towrn tlln, IislIol of Imudim itwas taken very sick, so that for a montoth's time lie was not al t..e to stir al road; utpon all wichtcl accouints 1 fotiund it necessary to delay in thec begintiiig., for Which I hadl one reason which was enoutghi of' itself if' there hal beeti no inore' and that was that I fottntd the court so nitch alteretd, especially amonig the Blishiops (who were the most proper persons for me to apply myself to'), that really I fotunit myself obligetd to take new measures fromi \vhiat I hatd proposed 1691.]4 to mtyself. TIhe Blishop) of London was at this time under a gyreat cloud and mighty unwilling to meddle in any court business, for notwithistand ing his great mecrit from the present government, hie had been piassedl by in all the late iromnotions, N& the two archbishu1)ricks had I cen liestoweil upon two of his owni clergy, viz: I Y. Tillotson &ýL D". Sharp, so ye(t ulotwithstaniiing1" the Blishiop of L ondon's great kindness to Virginia vetI lund li he as not at this timei inl so fit Circumstances to mana~ge a busi less at Cour t as wve e-xi ected,(. I found that thei Archbishop of Canterbuiry was the mani who wa~s whiolly enitrilste( il)b the King"' & Court for all l~ccl siastical atittirs& I Nv is told bx everyI. ( ly \%-]i i Ii skill inl linslitess that it wvas ahix(iiiit(ly iii ci xxii to ict ]fliii ii) ouitr ii ud. Thuiis the tinii:, past on N: I (Iitii llii i 1 ibt mal1k fici niL iii mrivtt a' iiiit the King's ruining over, wh~ich \vl c~p (iit (I i it tliii \Ihii( I \vitc on 1ci l i on ie tll ishop of Liiidoii, ais knoiil\-), xxiii thit xxhiicviii this huiiiixii xx talin tii bc done he( iiiiist appear cordial ly lii Ii, (r hle no iiiti-r ext that I coul mI iii k eiibi proxail iii ge-t It ilou wvtithot liiii It iii Ii iint' m) t'iltirixl to hisi proi x ic. I iotli iliscoutirscdim tit itlrge,' aitld plyiIcii i1i1 \iiil m~l(iii rials~ till I him toi hci \ii xr\, lirtiCct ill tii lliixiiii xdx titII CulL"( hilti atxix,.llc I til dsikc thim Ili(tl( illti \viliii h ie 1xi ix ~ o itii i i siliii lii I utixirl uhulmlhr tlii- muhitaituiti. of iiliurti hitt lii ýirct kilIdiiuitv WoiUuh IWii i ill i (Otulilt, 'I o f 'ti siiili iluiix it hi s lii \l iiisty Is xii h111ail in ti ask f,(it tin( C(dll: all thut iii )t-i(,e to this, tiit- bct xx c iii to mlii( tio bei ti iw~,( iii ig tuIili1x abotut Couirt zealuiusiy iil the- tiliii &, toi -it tlit Kiii,- so0 p ri1siniiatixir tli.a\lc ic adilress wvas' I resrilto I to hiimi lii sholil ciinstilt flii B ishti~ Il In t, it bril. all' iii Llesiastiral affair, thati by i their advice tie( xxltolcbusli s mm d lilu he i ii lveil by hIls itla xjcty all P u-(ilise;s for tlo.: emmrCOliliiirieilt. of, it iiiat v liid;I mtindi to as1k, &, iii ait ist it' it irstnecssary, iii i it miii lIit lie hi-ii oiiit 1-f(In I tiiite Coiitluutuii i)f I I iitatiiiii to see Wxhat they' hail tio iay u ýiiis It, l~iit 1,it the roituric il l1)( liiIi i lit of I Htalt tions tim bchi firti st iii l]i S: c ontrivers of' thie I siixiii I did lilt like it, heratuxi is Ils ILordshiip iil fi ilt, hiitseIf the cliiirchi of I ii mu ictidprty xras tie wveake st ill iii icoiincii X. If- tilerec is anty oif' the revcici ti- I~ ipred the con rtiers are note iait toii it fot titemiseives thianti i dvid e ixc tt bestowing of it 5 [1691. upon any publick use. But all that I could say could not prevail with the Bishop of London to have the business managed in this manner with the King himself. This was the first week in October when the King was daily expected & I was really in a great deal of trouble & knew not how to hldp myvself, whein by God's good providence, by means of a minister of my acquaintance, I %was introduced to 1). Stillin gle t, 1Bishop of WNorcester, one thought to be as mich in favour waith the uieen as an)y Bishop in England. I found the Ilistopl of \orcester exce"eding till prepared to receive me kindly. h first %ord lhe said to me wNas that he was very glad of this opportiunity of sinig acliiaiitted with me, that lie had heard a great tleal of mi fomll the IBishop of London, of 0ood tlhinos I 1ad dlone and still detsittnoed to do for the critrch in America, & lie freely proffIeed to do(1 me all the service that lay ill his lowcr, After some discourse ivitl him I found we had alrelad i1un into oe error & seemed like )to run into another. The first xwas, that aI this time we had net:hcted the Queen, who lie assuredl Ille would he the h bst fri i d thiat I could find ini a ibusiness oif tlhis nature, as being a prston that is a very,reat tncitoiraeer of all works of charity. Ile other was that, s I to I t, we illntllkod to bri it before the council &, c mlliittec of I'lintatio s, wI h he isstti l mi u s ith' vadIy \rt\y ito spoil all. Fi'm tIlhe I,t I Ihad thin to sac. thll t b\ my ilnsltrulctionls I w"Is to (11) u (mn the(-N "h p 0, An, wh pro. 'itly wtr my comin to 1.tndon w takcn sick & wasbt jt \\,as b '111111m, to stir lahot a in.i I desired hti to i )l e so kind is ti to acqu int her lAjsy with it &, nit l m to i,k 1lii Iutt r lir il iv ma rt ol Iiivtl Ih th t Idrs Pi ntel to hlcr. or \dhrthrr \\,I 111,t \\",it 10r Ili-, m j t 'sComiM), \\ o 110 now iltl i lited. t ply minut. I t ils i i f. td tim h i W SIt Ni it i o tlii oIl ill r wrong sti[ \\e w riit like ito make I o;s is titchi into incled of it as hei (,ll be, but I sie\ww il tim1 titlih difficulty tal be! dl that It roulil mai 11is of( is Intercst wit t hdic Hishop of I.o)ndon1 to l to ake-sli llle him it)t aktn oh cu rse About the sante tittie I iteivt Itt( frmt tut liishop of Salislbury (olist issistaicir I had disirtd) w tith mw1 noclostd fitt t \tirchlishttop (i f ("niterliu.y where-ini hc rcconunllctldcd mel &, tich u-sincss of* theca i,( to hIds (;ricc. And upon mitty address to him I \its r1ceiVci I %ry kindly, he tIlt ml thcat 1w remteibered me since I was with tih mastlr of tltt rolles. IIe heard iii very patiently discourse ti- business if our colle, an(.t enquired concerning the state of our cle rgy in Virt inii, lit assitri d Me tltit IW l Utld lit tiCe all the kindness that lie could in my at fir & desirid toe to draw hitt till a i Coupleh of memorials, one about the college and another about the clergy, and withall told Inc that if I would follow his advice he did not qulestion but the business woutld (10very well. Hle told ine I must have latience for the Kking at his first comling w.ould be full of los Parliament business blut if I ws'ould leave it to him he would tell me when was the proper time to dlciver the address & would before hand prepam e lis majesty. I le was utterly against the making of it a council business and promised me to talk with the Bishop of London in it, tol to slicw hilm the necessity of mnarageing it first swith the King himself. Blith these, Iishops scere as good as their wordls for the Bishop of W\orcester opt ned the business of the college to the Queen who seemnet to like it extraordinarily-, promised to assist iii recommending it to the Kin ng, but orderedi that the address should mint be presciitetl till the King- caine himself. And the Archbishop toiik ami occasioni to speak to the Bishop of londlon about it in the iprscince of the Bishiop of WVorceser. Thcy all coittitemnded the tllullngr & for the righlt managing ofi it, the Archbishop piroipost1 thlat the K1ing should be pirpartel and then the address dlelisered to 1111, & ift lie thought fit to make a council businiess of it lie might. The Archbishop ihesiredl lease of the I"Ishop of ILondon to managec it with the Kiig, which (lie Ill of, Iontloit wlilyassenlte.d toi so thle thing was, puit, "t in to a ri',lit niethod. T1li e Arcli)ii toll te aftir\\;iol(s that lie never sastw the -iii y t t hIusiliii lse'r thit lii (lid mthe very, first pripisah if* otur c(illeceý &, It ha lit pontisi d frankly if' I cou(ild( til anly tliiii. ill tiha country, which h ais fit fi(r thim toi g i\ towards it lie witul give it. Afer shichi I itaie it uIly uh bistitiss to i litpion tho se B ishops &S tio gte( thuiiii nitieiorials otf nins il oir. I hav alcreaduy srit oti three in i ris if lull er in this sort of swork & all thin ',s si in to ]w1 ini a right diipositiot towar(ls it. Aftcr the tecat. of thei Ipirhi toiicct ibusiti. s was a little ovcr the Aruiupgut the( Kin~g htitliusel ttiiot 1111 thi (lay lir pIsci titmig the It ssas No\t. I Y", ill thec Countil 1di inihti, r f l c i thc itintcil sat. I was imutrmshitceul 1) iy (li A rcdishiop of' ('antcri rir> &,is i iii ulor FIMin' i i(I the IBishuolt of'IAt t shotuld cisce ecul there but wtas tha t dlay tak cut ag aiti withi at fit of the sto ince. I kneehuil ttlown & saud thise wsords, - IPlease y-our mia jeusty here is aim hittitblute sitplh~lication f-rom the (Governueit of \rirgiuina lur ytour itmajesty's charter to erect a fri-c schosil &- colli(4e fotr the citdicaticin of their yin th'," & si I tclhhiereth it into their hand. IHe anstscreud, " Sir, I ani iglad that that cohlonty is ipium sit' gocdi a ihesign S& I will Iii (t e it to the best of yl) towcrr" '[lie Kiting gave it to the princiupal Secretary, mty Lord Nutting 7 [1691. ham, at whose office, within two days, I had it again, with this account from Mr. Warre, my Lord's Secretary, that the K1%'ing had ordered me to give in to the Bishop of London, both a scheme of the college and anl account what was expected of him towards the encouragement of it;& if I could concert tse matter with the Archbishop and the Bishop of London thsen it should lbe broughdt before the committee for plantattions & pass if they had nothing, to object ag-ainst it. TIhe p)arliament sits so close thait it is an hard matter to find anylbody at leasure, yeIt I persuasdedl the Bishop of 100(100n onl Wednesday last to corne for half an h1our to his chamber at WVhitehadll where I presented & read to him a memorisl I had pl trepare for his majestys uset, & thle Archbishop & hie were to ss alt anl opportunity to speak to the King aboiit it, Every' one thinks it is iii so qood Iway that it cannot wellI miscaIrry. I m1ake it my' whole. bulsinsess to St alt u11)0 it S& if I hear fui thir be fore the shiip s to your hon1our nay, expect snothier line about it. I find( the re still be at great (heal of dlifficultyl in findiing of ab le masters &ý, yet I ami sensibile tlii life of' the businless lies in this. Ill Iv'nIi la their mlasters of' thn ir c(lileges litve a 1111111 easier lifei than is desi'ned frthe masters c&" professors of otir colleg(e inl Virginia. I canl has'e several young nun that art fit iioiighl to be ushers hot canl not I erswade any' of- the 'Aniineiit 'spcicnre01 d nii tcers to go oser. I have twvo iii my' eyet that aletvery' fit for it if' I cai prevail with thiem to uiiilirtakec it. 'juiceu Is 011(1 thug, wliiih w\as fb 'itll lily' Iinstrctionls, (anid it walis moy f'ault for1 1 wais llut senlsible of' thle ill sit 'otif it it this tim'), hlat is ilhat I sli'Iuli lhate- hieeuIlaleliaCl to Iff ii'iti' a jii'i'';itlit of' thle colb'ge at t~le( s;ame time ii \\Ill tile( sclloillastt'r 8& iislier. I thittit lit y'' at lu-st a (] ranitiiar,(Ihioiol being", thit. only' thling ste CMlilll g~o iiPtn, a itti(d Scliolltllllstec & Uslii-i werre. entimlighi toit llanag tiat. hut the hhlshll iop (I' itlluliin 111 somec )tihuir Ihi-Ait~s auth a un,1vt ii(ii'utlt(ir sklihltilhl 111c1 tlitm I Ii ti cililsiteul lets iiiiileia'ivehl 1anof'all thit. iia'ti'rs we( hiroiurili f(it' it, HIlil 'reastills art, Ill'.s( fi:'ut fleit the (gtoil suicress of, the trilehusiliiss ilijiends upltlo thle slt~ting, up1 &- ex-! clitilig- of, a4 giood disciplhue at fir1st klt ithl 111t111 lilautel's & Scliola rs, tihiiu I if it lie left tt'hiilly' to t~le( Mcholiilunastet', hue still be sore to miake it easy enouiighI for himisel f & wtill con trite to t(-ai itle schiolars inl such a niethuou as still keep themi a great deal htuig-er at sechool Ihiami they') needed to be kep1t, only' for his otwn ad tan tage,. ',\list of' the miiastt'rs hecre in linlgland keep thetir schiolars seven years at the Latin wthichi muiigit be as Nrell taught ins four if they p)ltased. 1.691.] 8 2'. It may so happen y' the school master & usher may want as much to be instructel thiemselves ns any of the scholars. COIMMIISSJRY BLAIR TO GOV,, NICHOLSON. LoNDoN, Fleli' 27, 1691-2. M AN' IT PLEASE, Yi Wt I Ii N it'll Ily the Virginia fieet which put to sea about six weeks ago, I sent you a whole packet of letters, which if they are come to hand will give you a very particular account of what I am doing here, Since that time my patience has been sufficiently exercised, for our college business (as indeed all business whatsoever), has been at a stand, the King being so wholly taken upl with the tlhoughits of the wair & the transportation of the housliehold & the army, that for a lont timne he alloweid not the Lorlds of thle Treasuiry to lay any other business hafre ihim till all affairs of that kind were dispatched. There was anotlihr rtison too \\why y Ibuisiness was delayeil &L y' ywas that ni\ Lord Ar hlilshop of Cnitcrbtry, who is the person I ie1pend upon for managing of it with thI Kingi & (Qtii n, was for five weeks fr zen up at Iaitlth so that Ite coiild nithler git to Couirt inor Parliallianet k it by coillilng rouiini liy the br u lich 1w found to be so long and so had a way tbit ite choose for thle 1141t pi rt to Ita "t h nici. hiB t to miake lilt this ioss of time lth re l nips'ued two ii ii ltii ill it, 1 ' which I believi I shall wit /5.()() to our ' ci illiti, Of hvllich I "houll tlia' hut1d tie lurthin' it I bai;l ienIt oi ut tof tli wa. INP, olile dicd.1bount tho. bwl'innin! (d, thc laist mon)Ithl,& l(Ift. I n ilrbe.g c pimo!, luWs; \vw ichl, Mwh i I llatd rsitood, I m1;IIca l ý. my in tvr t with1 hIk ("\,ccite s byv naiw"l' if Ii dthw i f S liiii(d andil I am prm'iiid /''l n u/ of it for oii i'(Illiiw. Tfli tithiut' is y' I)iavus & his parttueis haviiug blii i loll"', k Ipt ill siispii itse about that tuoueylii which Captain Roe seized in Virginia, & thu ir friends beinig quite tiredl iuntrceidihill lfur tli'im & no tuoney was like to come at last, I Undeittrtiook to get tlleit tlicir 1onty Pirovideld they wouid -iii 1Vi e 'i considerablle 9 [1691. share of it to our Virginia College. They engaged to give 300 pound & I presently employed the Archbishop of Canterbury & Bishop of London who have so managed it with the council that the council is very glad of the expedient & 1 anm assured it will take effect. This day their lpetition was read before a committee for plantations & 1 subscribed it signifying that the petitioners had (fIvotdl /300 of tohe ictmoney t.owrNarlIs tihe carrying on the design of a coilleg il Virginia if thiy might have an order for thi rc st, and the lthig would havse past but N" the Lords thought they of0(r1ed too little itoniey; so I tor (lesirisI to try if I can brinlg iim toill1) to /00. So y' thu' Illy iin ibusinesL1111 s i t yit.fitishltid y( t I tIake is (, o(f ty timellitt for some thictt else tfthan tt11tre waitit.it, But I coitfe(ss the trotifli if imiain tot' the 'iaff tie is so i ict reat f' sutii ef.'t atimn, that I oulht, c uf I havi ii oor utc it, I ýh ld nevr avc hlm thic cmira,(- to hiave unoulcrtakrin it. Th' chief ti. ew s heut sittce thi X irgoiutia fleet sail d is tii dis itrac f ( Itly Lord Nlarlubor'litupfi. [lie reasois of it irc tot diviilId but it us said iic is sisp-ectd by the Kinrg to have utatc his fiace with Fra1ic. Ilfis pfii df Liicitemiint ( 'lieneral if the l tiglish i Scoiltch ft it-s is bistowed l. 1ifii) c l(o Ta eli'h, his tt(t(fip of ( Ol titin inmy Itord Cilch'st his r (dint if fiisi bersI uiponi 1 ( (.tre I lamiltoutifti, iite of I )iik I tl tilt titou 's Suis his plac of tllw h id cftmtiif ct r ft I I kill)ti is still i i My Lady I t llo'i ioitghl was if i i i- fid thi court, &', tlit' Pfiicts Ann stas uisiril fe leen to dlinmiis lier from ter seervict-s whieli t, I titi t k so ill tlh t,Iw has IIft ith I c sck it. it i I i nIit & tit, iL t,) liv ie at Sti n l'witt it it t i ith nfti s w i tch I s o Ytuft I i if r i mf S t I ni ti rly to hI Iii is f Iit i I it \, fi i ft E`1''11 han:11 Ill(, ];thlylah (Im len thw g v n n n \id g n whlh 11 w-i im till kI atcly cmnf('1rrid 11110 Sit' I'lhnund Alin"ro %wh 1" tfo ý,;tl froml hwii wllithi (ll cxp-dition ll n wlilh Coll, Flctchicr, C ml )' of N \v Ymrk. M 1, k!illb wtit is i tutu. ft i flititli's l6ith1 thi Kit '' Si t r I is t itr. ()n W '.4X 1-- (hýy het 1hw l'Irlimlncnt w& Il imil Incd fill ilhe 1 2"' (d' April &' it ks VX111 tcd thlat it will hr;Ijlourn'll" froml Imi to tinw, till Owe 1\inw," rcturn., I rml.il~~ iii's it Novi itt J fhill fit i''Irfull i ( 1, ( 'Ih cm t'tut l. N I v i L Im II p ht f S'. A,,4aph h il n t yct Iwrn inl Tw%,*ii hut is timll ho r \l Wx A trid bwinl to prcat h1 at ti th u iaflt ott I aster dih. I tire ty srrvice to ill Illy maitt- s if tht co n cl & house of fliuet csses & fu\ u hoi to gi\e yti shortly a uoid account of my proci,,cdingis in the aftftiir wherewith I a-ti cintrustud. t hif lis wittt my pfitycrs fur your ttuttiti.t''s htefltt & f prospcri'eit g all at p ts'nt frmn Yours, Sir, &c., &c. JAMES BILAIR. 1697.] 1 10 A,, MEMO0RIA4L concerning SIR EDMUND A4NDR OS, Governor of Virginia, by LY. Blair. C 1-1 A 1- T F" R 1. 111S CO NDUC'tT AS 'TO TI IN CLFRGY AND) RELIGION. i. II nl Caret he hais Ink',, fto /e'id' f/th Counhy woil/i tinislers. Gw3c(eirnin,, I/he /issitut'rs' 'I/I's /it /ihtirlii. ý5. ('int't'ning f/it'e zwi, Of lrctilin4' M f/c (trgy upon ti/I ot/her occasions. Wiat Carte Sir L~dtiiind Anddtts hias taken to t'tvit'tit the Couintry with gilid F-millpc *i. Bylr fi-c tflici' Ll lit ha to Ily Lord i 1ii,~q 0 t' Lo'lltt N1 alit iktr leot tohimva stlitaf it Ssupplyi Iitiaii Sthe lty k I'lilt- 'hy coutldi litt please 1h1 it' btt'l' 4111(l that if they failed hie hiad. ill his halmll tile right (if plresentin1g. iI [1697. 3. By his Agents in Erngland he commonly bestowed sonme seasonable supply on such ministers as would adventure themselves into the Country, which, as it helpedl to defray the charges of their transportation, so it was a token and pledge of the Governor's favour which seldom fails of drawing reslpect to the minister from all other personts. 4. After ministers were arrived in the Country, he commonly defrayed thleir charges till they were settled in livings, which by his ready recommiliendations (to the v5str-ies of tlte tvacant I Parisis s \squickly donc. 1OtU. in all this imttiter tof p)m0diing ministers for thu Countrit Sir EIdmundt Andris (who haIis liiii thinI that to ts like in imitation of hut erti (Nichlsnull has actld a quiite cmtri y part. A\nd fthi vstrii s \t vacan t Pat ish lus ti ndinla. o be t b t2 tt s 15 Ith til ist) ( If lii r, vi /: f th savii n ti the (0,ey of hiý; Salar in thwir own%,I l ocke and aleasing (as thwy thinlo, the kindites of.I( tlill:cl I oivnmiuitil11iit, (liii Ii st\i~ll if li ii '~ 1 1,. jcc';;(111 11 ftll h ifn Iii p t tiel what Ititit) themer irs them fo piflmtu mi rthey Ito tc.s Ihmi t hsoSAie thytif mI' t isn (a,,r s e miv t ht s,irill (it ) h\ tile s ir siP r i tilat matter invc,,tcd hi him by du: d inf's learutiion)jS), it iri ul ca"), thinlg'. t') I'm-cn see \whit will bccmnt, (Wf tat Io"= Church in a littic timu. At prumm Wr W IpariShcli there M-c hut 22 ministvi s and moist of those tired out with d", unkindness 4f die Government, which will appear more fivro the hbliovin't particuhlrs. It is true there is one plausibldc ding dicy have to answer iti this Scarcity of mlinistcrs, viz: that sevvra Of te parishirs are so small oir so ill peopletd that tlhey are tnot aifIi to khif a iniiuister. BIit this caiii be no usxcuse to Sir IEdiund Andros (shcfite vir it is to tile 1 tif ), it. b tingg itt his pow r btll ty the Kiiniig's Instructions and th LawI s of lth Country, by union ort C0o11whdation to remedy this mattcr, Ii2. Concerning the ministers, Stfari;ts and ('dlchis. I. Therc was an ()]d Law ill \irý,inia conccriling. thww Salarics cap"1blh of a dmouille cmimItiuctiomn, one to thi i ll t a, lld, 111f th i'ther to the t ia iin tage of the cftgy. Fl f by that I iaw, th initistr's Salary was to ie paid in the current and valuabll couttdimiitius of tile CmIntry as much as is 'rally worth 68o pett.itr annum hiesiuds his G(lbe and perqhuisites. Bul them thme is a latter 1697.j 12 Clause of' that I.aw witich determines the price of those comntodities, viz: Tobacco at 1 2 shillings the litundred pound weigltt, and Corn at 10o shillings thle Ilarrel. Nowv by the great tall1 of the price of Tobacco Since tltis Law was made, in roost places of Virginia it is not worth above 6 Shillings per cwt*, COMM, 111d)itis wi14/2, aoil therefore in all such Parishecs be~foce Sir ltdintund And ros's ( oim-crituf what it wanted inl qttality antd valuec they etideavoured to utake-iil quantity, as twyn-vwere able, ando- so ittsieald OIf 13,333 PotntIls.of V iilc iiisIt h i td1 SOp seVt e ilt i 2 siilliit" thle It Ittd(I-( rdweigh1t, the(y allowed1 thit titiiusti I ill 5(1(0 plaices t 6000) aitd tol sottte 20000(~ lbs. of Totot tilc pasunc itt of thils /,o. lBnt duii., Sir -sFalittundIs ( ovrittiolltt the Law hias is-en -otCl(*Tills eiostri ii inl thl( 01 (st nV irossisie-nt thle Ieg-r so Iii it l(ito-I st~il u hav t oetlou c"wlesstd, itl ld i II 0( ben m -til it Iis 2. lit itil ycir t602, is Iin F press fro Iilt is, neijesty, Sic hI'titiid Atidros cons iilliO it, I ill hlis Itt, 'o1 NsI 5111101c toi illPsi ~Ii this saite mtiater of the C-irrys ti o tilite tt licrt ii \ ttbly of V iý-iiiia, attil to ettIli-av(till-t Iii peilnt l't, iii;lturti i(f the I'a tO (edit llt' i til it pittlate ilileilt Of It, bitt hi a stra,,, tit] i il itt CIIeittittiii ro1lce hc sw liid hilt mito worl of thtis lto tlt.i I I I Iii kssi t Is t ii liii iiX si Is I I t 1Iw I-. 1V d Infe)rd r, whliiih wais hwIwt; It I, ("t(I \sstoilily to the (lii'y ()t Ill hit Ii,;- i (((5 -elitlittil it- uld 1( itiis 5\1 it srl(hoe t who'l 1il it \s 1o1soi si icatwot"i" Of ilt( rcvls ii 4 ii I~a'" usd 1( 1401 tii it Ae 1 ot~l the Ic. i'ss Salaricis of their 01111 aiciinit t~st i iltil It boitit I luolsi-, );II lllI-c the urice of tht- Clecr!-y 1 ilelecil froiiii i 2 to 10Sill]IIll, u-(- I iiii I I ictli I ised thecir WIloliul ii 1tO hul"'sh ftsw 11110 A 1 awi 1511 tilt( 1 y(1Is cls ost thi-s iias tlli ett 1 1 tlt, lull I'(1 md ý1 ki lliimItlilil) t i Ii sI iliit ii ý is ill r like i iti 1s tlis ii 1 t i i fi( ilt tInl t oigý w lli iil' iit 1 ii0 lItii this llt c tei itattti b i il itý- t~ 111 I;(, lcti r I Ii1( iI iIii efi_-Iil itt Ia w i t,( ) tt iti t" a1M Mll itis (Iiiltviacli wlas fI tll to humtll' ai It i Act 1 lilml ittitelt woe- li-cuts, lot it TIi ilete C iI i iit 1111 l l -f~ tite (illei-tiiii ()f it to I Iw icltt weiichi till tltit tad hi i ti Ill M W thich iio lilt ceilt. they 1k1111 ill ititister tatitiot Itave it II It I i' S it dit t~luoil Icw iv which loe lets 111% issI el ill)it to l 1010 is 13 1697.] at least 13 per cent. (viz: 8 for Cask and 5 for collection) worse to the Clergy than that Law which he refused in 1 693. 3. In his time the vestry has begun in several places to withhold the Glebes from the ministers, under pretence that the Glebe is due to none but to an inducted minister. This is plainly to excuse one injury to the Clergy with another, for by Law the vestries ought to be present, and by the King's Instructions the Governor ought to induct; & if the vestries fail in Ipsresuting, he may both present and induct jure devou/lo.. BIt because both he and they neglect their duty, tteirefore tihe minister is no leg:al minister, and must not Ihave the (;lbee, and )y tlhe sattt argunmeti tlt my nay prove that hlie Ihas no ritht to the Salary nor pcIquisitcs, and I so with him tthIat thry t ltaI1 4. J It1re beant tt ordIt t oft tn late Grracious Queen in council, Just in the year 1692 for bhstowitti the quit rents of ritti ia (h itn s aotut Son or 900 pound a )ear, t and appIojriatotd to no os() lijn tbhe Clsrgy otf tlhat coui1 try for ars ai 1 n addition to tIcir stmall ii Ito tt asi to 1t i d itd t1 r sm d to 1 is I tl( 1st ) by sote that >pl ost this -it tl tit that i he shoultdi i as say tthe quit renlits the Gov, of VIrI-n llij woubt not Ie a Cle to Suli)st114, withoLL be(,in0 Ibt bd n-souse to the It r st sr it I n l d nit, iswhich his Malj- g sty thoti-it tit (tho' most Contrary to Iii -raiohiu tiolnationst to ricall thl said ()idor; rit at do( saot ttt tilli w I &l to i ahit he( \otild tir sifr 5 yi.irs if Ithe Gmvcrimtitit Could sub sit without t dii quit rints and if lie oulnd tlhat it could, thlit lith iwould tOn sestow thitt tIuonl tslerey of Virguiiia. To I vsnt which Sir i htn nild\ti Andros iia-I fist otmI tiat tittie, coilt rise(dI such strantige alii untit iual isi- partly to Is s-in and laIrtly to csiusutme the Restni tlIt it is no wondcr It' (uit. ren1ts '1n1d all havc cllwughI to, do, to SUI)lant th lRrg to which 1cII hli I itt that tGovc(t i oteris t. I is 111('ill tot thiu i of tlhlusi l ti mIoithI0,, not duusl uh lsI 1` tiltt thAslt it'! C (0 l it 1. it0 I itt l (MM in t h\\I il, t r ('l ib stri, ils1 coticl"ti sd 1rm Iw 1u Ili st i s tlttrnt m Ireh a tovi r mti re to this i Is t I ttay 1\t(-.It say indtst strisl t s cona taltd, for th is hais Isti tut t fce hisowit tee ary thie t-iIIl, silt( I hi tli-it t honor to lIci of tiat Board, allot both timeis I wNas "Isusipond k ju\st as dth)y were.( a g'oing to he bo htIn, and 11w la,ýt of thlos(ý dto, a air I hiad tAk ii ()ft miy pa-01 to conw hr 'm iE'ntdull, dio ( the iover knDew I wa', 'ot to haesadaoe3 d s o g ramnonýý,st thwim. It is no(t likcly thwy would h~a\,( ý,IlIwndcd In( dbr3 l)ys, if' it had nlot bccln to have\' serval(. such a turn. Tho w,ýIs I -,hall mncltion of his unniccessary cxpence(,( arc ccrtainlyl true tho' (not haVing s, j 697.1 14 the aCCOL1ntS) I may err in estimating the particular SLI111S Of such consumption, a little over or uinder. i st. I bregin with a new Law hie assented to in the year 1693 for enlarging thc '-i'e of Tobacco lii igshears, b~y which (it is saild) 4 lrogsl~iears of tile new SiZi Wi1I 1 IiId ats much1 ats five of tile old. According to this Computir atio n tire, King's revenue (if two slii lung-s per I logslielad (which 0 sir to del'rta the anitnual chace e,4- of that ( overinnenrt) ou1Lst havelk sit uk 6fth Jia t, Which I take to lbe ilboit 6()o or 7ui)( round at viar. 2d1. 11 (i'I (lIOC thalt unsulJII SII)ii~iCiS Were- Oi'rl-'ed ouit of tire Treasuiry' O~f Vi rginia 1i`0 r theI iu rvince of Necw \'rrk (,whrich ( )rdi us I sri11 on sr ri prror ciic1,19, hiii irud1 Iris11' fl-ridur) this di(i inot s.(ir c, Ihut lic sir hiid flicin a ith abuour sio), sivt, and aliosi all his, Oriders. 31id I Ic hias thrownvi array at (reat deal o)f rrrrriy iii r ursiuiv iii old fort it Jarliastown &' if) hrilding.1 aI POWder iinsc, and ill iii 1w ani pl itfiii11 Ii m- i6 grert guns tiearid aiot~ulrr ulatlMinita iili itt Tidlsi ii XIII Ym- r~vr n(,c-litr mw Inuianl liat iirtrilriid to ririldcrstarrl or aythlrrir' of I'mr iicas tsiin that, m triirri ~lt of, tlIres rr'irks, dlid not riulcrirle N.&r it Ii urn r rirtIl a-; t"iim Iii M nortltirný- rut iii sirutri Imiii, tr Thle ( Jurrs at ant s,11ctuwn airt In( Icc tha t thy iii' rif( rltfiric to tin' burnl, wrhichcll, Ireir ichri Ii liiir Il 11w tIn cr, iii"lit lbe takenl lv urn-. F[Irsrnssitt rt'r ilic,"ipil wtosit (-civii', is lly ri tlic Icast a-,s in fronm those tills, II-, r 1mk rrtr Ho se Stnods ill, iii ic ri miiitt irisly o stinto in rieirui It, anid Is 1ii rihc y pins fuOr iris inn - (Iii ii tisic EI irits. ti0n. Abolrnrt tIn( yr ii iii) ith Lourds of tin c Ti-stisiriiiur n od rcdi criiising sloop Of Alrrirt 40rIsn toi hc I r 1t ill Vil-i iai a nd rirrtlis r Ill '51 N-irsIild to looik ouit fir mirrarfdtrila iisrs stir1 iii(- funId ruorl wish tin Ii oun oiii iiiicii iii to lie kecit \%'as tire 1 rcorirl1-inrricit of Iris Mi J( sty s thirdipriit of;ill firis anird forfeCitures urLic 'l-mit tin ii u irsl 11L Iliii tritiii r s Mii WASi i is rCý %% i yrise st ii) lislirrientt, frr)r it tooik nthintgit- unti of' the Klii -ýs ntirsi buiit wsas i ril ly no. purchase im pay. Ili NMry I run this order was puinctiiially init cmpic swithr rush suIch aI Sir0rl it was1ant is, kiit it irIr the( salir Fliurir. huLt ill \icg -iruia 1 recalluse it was ahl16- I tone wis d roll ruruul ik it rulror this 6 iii) dwi Wr uscr r i cui tuty ofdrdind tl( hr' lr-rug toi hC1id ()tirt Of tire RCv('iurri, ann Iis I si oeta t1011t111i1tC, ihlsiu t Gist) Mut " 1rs '; i tii rsa',5t1. T'lc Q~ugsI)uit ii its iii thait Coiunitry, priu aid if) 'Ii harm, this Tobaccon is si IIl by this auitilor, biy' tire arivire (f tire G -rutuit in t an Ci (ourncii, to thre sauld Governor, counir atndii audtit~or' lieilnsrIves 1`61- ii rou t h. f price. A 15 [1697. clear instance of which will be found in the accounts of this year: a year wherein Tobacco sold, at a great rate in Virginia, viz: from 10to to 20 shillings an hundred as in goodness. And then those Gentlemen so1l themselves so much bargains of the King's tobacco that they had it for 4s 4 the bad and for 6s the best. ~ 3. Concerning the Ministers' Titles to their Livings. One of the greatest discouragements the ministers labour under in Virginia is that they have no legal Titles to their Livings, by presentation and of vestry's Induction; but are to their several vestries in the nature of hiredl servants, agreed wviti from year to year, and dismissed if they please at thle expiration (of siuch atrtrctmint swithouti anty crime Iproved or so tuchli as alledged apaintst thrm. Nowv it is sol>ly it tlhe (overnor's poweer to redress tiis grievattinc, Iein inve('stled by tihe Kii with llt' erdintrie's pewer of Iu iltictittng whelicreby), he caln (-ithcr oblii,(, thte.- vcstrics to 1p1*(r.Lsc(nt or if thwy fahil call prescnt,;111(1 it te /I hit le i nvr miakes use of this pl'er, itt sces the miinistirs from t titm to i tme tiurtnel uit 't ttt vtestr 'vs pliasturt. Nothit g cran have wmirsi t efitts it1ipi the CliirgNi, thii thlis srvitude, for it hiindeirs all -ood ministers frtme ctomin- ii or stat iii amoi st its; it kieps the miii sitirs frei sittlinl li uponl tet i lehcs; - Plantutittons (f their own; for sit much itt o i iltts ito S(ttlit' that it is ino owe i nt i fi r mIetn that must ls cintiital v tll. \hit t. T'his likt'wise utccasitt' 'oat wastrs andl (ila pitlatietios it hiiitltrs all w i -ittit of the later sort ft mit itt chittg with ilith Clcrlt'r y while thwir circiimstaniccs are- S() pircc,1r1ius an1d 11nc(rtalin. It cxpwics the( mini11st(.rs ti grreat i s tt l n onitemtt, anid i,1 t hlitm i s, 1 ittitan and tt lmtrucenlarv iii the usx-cution of thcir miniisteritl f'imtit i s, that. i iit y dare not so turlh as prcw a n t le vices tlat tle ir ii'ti t In if their vcstr) are ( uiity (f, 1Hr if thl('N (i.t), y mu\'111 t (AIWOt tein Will Iw prcpar dci ill the vctry to be ag is e ill-, thc iw en-c nrit \vith thwmi f )I. c;y11r. 1697.1 16 ~4. Concerning Ecclesiastical Discipline & Government, Sir Ldimund Andros endeavors to feed & fomnent a Jealousy in the County against E..cclesiastical D iscipline, He makes the County Courts try incesttonus marriages and all other spiritual causes. It' any) panish tipon occasion of scaidlla in thecir minister makes appllication to my Lord I lisliop of L ondon's Commissary for a visitation, the chu rchwardens (insteadl of* beIing commuended for their dilig-ence) are sure to he frownecl upon andl chid B'(r it. Such of- the Clerg4y as are most refractory against that authlority' are upon that account received into favor. And it is a comunon maxim muon __ hits f'rienids that wec have nothing to ilo wivit the( Bhishop of London nor no churmcli lpoir. >:i Concernming the way oif treatinig thme Clergy upon all other occasions, i.\'Ni- lien lumiters have at any time1 made their app1 licat ion toi the (B Cvernor, (-tihir in Counucil oi Genewral COmmrt, tlIn-) hi mx foundi no i-chef-l hut have comie off \\ itli Ii cat charge, trouble onl (bs, ractt so) thait It is I iccoline inl mnanx IIa- a piiiverb wiiei a mniiistcr is af oiitid muIns his pmdi, by) way of Ironm') tli x.\ bid him gii and( romp1aon to the ( m i i iiii And imideed iiever so mnait> poldio affirouts mavce bennhicci f'rd ti ilmmmstcm s as inl his- time, sonic having hIw( i i nlid) l beatenl, solm& tii i i.i omit it tie x i sti s PIcak isre, some deliri\c of il iii mii i(b les, some not so mutoci c, alk I' to tlii mimi i miugl(s of mime vestry, anl ill1 ot, t~n in were enjiinem 1 to pra Ix Oi tlic ( )LC1 ii dsmve hallf' a year dte fti r xi Iw ci iiitry, was w\(il apiii siI i ii i i xxc da liii w id sil themd icl that Owiii i it, to a nii(),t memieral ( iiii ipt, 2. )11(.i of tti. ous)'t publ lic' at ts Iii 111t i Ii Ii cliry xx 'i ill lie rimneral Assiimmiiy ini thIn yea-r i (i(u5 w Imieh) themimi'iumi his citici ansýwer to tin Ki Is litter tIir thdeief of tin ( Ciii-ýý dx Im liiisi if hmirgeu;sis iiuih1ir ain iddl-c-ss toi theý Gioverniir, wierciii (to ix nil gixvmng aiii rcliii) thl(y mail suich a r-cihirisetatiiii of* theC CIhirgy's 1 ()i xio1i is if" 11mev\ wanited no0 amiIlnihunit, aiii as if all nthireseiitatimins to iil( iiiitra) I i iiiiilel- triiii none but avariciious clergymeic. He was mightily owrjoycd upon receiving '7 [1697. of this atolriss, which, without acquainting the Clrgy, he sent hoini for England on purpose no doublt to prevent any bounty H1is Majcisty night design for them. But when the Clergy at their next goeneral niecttini thought it necessary to remove some alwersionis whichi had (been thrown upon them by this addlress of the I louse of hlirgejsses, and in another Address to the Governor to give himi a true account of theicir present circnumnstances, desiring him tco coiiiunicate the sante to I his Majesty andi to intetrcede for his relief) I le let this address of thle C(lerogy lic by him till lie haId callid aniothier assemlnthI (f r there was none titeni iIn Ieing), a1n1 insIita oft cii'itonntinicatiilnt it to tlti Kinig as lie was desired, hie put it iiito that I ouisc of lIuroesses whicre he hiid his aie nts ready to 1l(dow thei Codals, & to air\avate it is an ll lghI crinil thiat the Clorgy (tlio' i li tl iiii- own niiclIi it sitmld 4)t( ft r tio oive 'Illy other rtinptsitatitoin of tiiir (iitcumtsta ciis than thiiei I hosci of lbniesses ihad (i11(.e for thnll. Aind hadi it niot ib In thiat thi r I 1 w i r I s vclral ni iii ltt riti 111n in tlo I liouse,l they had cert inl\ Sit tin C inlitrN andi tllthe ClrgyI ts tll' Itiwt by titC iars, which is the (ame the (Iiv rnor ilis otd i lvorlid t id s a ll almii. 3. \V i afti r the irakiini i out of tin lat PIlit thc f us I i Li d L ttirs from Wu itcitall, rcii u nit It him to Notici to all persons in puilic O)ice wittiin tliii (Gitsovition t, thiat it wa is loP ctii titiy shic ubl hii i iii 0as55 1iatitn, lie tck care to communicate this to;dll ranks()f pe d,.x(cept to thl C O 'l1gy, desigtttItg to have theimi itipreseiitold ill En11t litd is it stilts dils afto d to the G(his1 iiir nt, andt as such his Agenits now t ill liItnglandI took care to Ip.ass hliir ceisrIl-cs in 0 t1 I Lord lishiopl of inions' C.mtititi rsy and likciiis is to srI-tte -to Virnini that it Was taken ontice of that ]w Ihad not si"oed the associatin with thiti rest itf tin. Chitncil f Vt irginia. But if the ils irvations i4 thosi its Friecii s had beu ii as charitablt as htoy wcru i ci Isot itus, tltiy miilight iauiy i )ve iibsirvtid (fir thicy kntii it uielh l 11111 ih) that ihi (ishop if Imndol 's Ill mii iary I a\lit at, th ill timllth, i siipcdfit hi ii t iiO- Council and Ni ii ' ii p-irmiiti d to knnwv what theywv r 1on,1. t Ir l: to si"n I) p pe al onv w1Iw.'b " kith thill b lt 111;t it at th.' titu hii sitnlsc It i i hi, twa ctitl. p itii's, vi/: ýithlt t ih t i (;()v( rnlors' Id h th ol ts, ti l ith tl't ' cIrit, k ivit'iln a Itmtlt d thX ums for that purpose, ilho,' hc xv;s nWV(1r dc.,ircd to do it bN. Sit. F*thnun1d Aflndrs, S~~rC~C~,~,IC r C -~ -r~? "cC: r, r J~ R CL 1C 1 n j~C 1 ~ z c =-1 ~-~ ~C I= - ~ ~ 3 r Z.?. ~ = 7- -- -~ 'II: j ~-~ ~; ~L c c. u c r. r C r ~~ r % L, C J II. T I --;C: 7C; Z c r % % ~" % % ~ci. jC C ~;- CI % c C %'fr~? c, ~r+r r "- tr: % s = ~e ~~ 3-j C c L~ c r r c r, r r -~ =` ~-~ C - c C~S % r r r. r 'I, " % J -t %~r c~ 7 r ~;r 1 rr. % ~ ~-r, c rr s r r L~ c" S co~ "; ~:tC" " ~ 2 ~1 ~2'~ ~ ~2`~ c, ~u. ~x~ V I ~ ~- '~ 'i; 4 =-~z =-~ =- ^-~ =JS ~~ I~ z 4 i~~~~?'~ "4 z ~4~ z '= ~c 2 4 ~-,,, -- ~e ~ 11 ~e i -- 4 = -- I r ii ~-~ 2 r- Z i ~ =C~ ~ ~ ~ 4~.r = ~a; n~ C~'~? ii u z ~ d IZ 1, 'Ci c 1 $ -~,=~4 4~ ~-~;r N ~CI = t \~r~~ = rr 2~ = r52 "C LC = j, 1~ x j `J a = ~-~ h ~-~ =1 c i =' ~-~? 2 =~;4 1, c5 z 1 ~i i Y c, L1 2;3 c, ~ ~c I z crh, 4 L~* '-j~c, 2 rr, I, j; 2: ~ 11` ~ 'ZL t z 2~,7,, Z he S H ~OT~i r, G, h h r; ~u CI j~ z r, 1 i I~ c C i r,;C ~ 3 r; %7 C 3~ 73 ~r: 24 tr: C Z a r i;i: CL 0\ \u" u I I I () [1697 - commonly trevail by this very arguionetit "if you choose such a one," say they, ' hie is a Collegian, and we shlel have a tax for the College.' ~2. Notwithstanding his Majesty's e.xpress command to the Governor (by a Letter for that purpose) that hie should use his utmiost Lundeavors to carry onl thle College, and to remove all ob.struc(tions Of' so good a work;anti notwithlstandint- the ianmy pressngt Letters tlt t hive si it is writte ito Iit)hi by somei of the moust cminernit pe rsoits both Iin Churclh aitd State, to pci sotit.iit iii to gj heartily into tie wsoirk, i shots a stifficoss inll( olistiticiy inl opposing' it diiit it is altoe.-tlie.r uniccountabiet Tlii i licts not Is'D it c ot I rtlinto' gisAin toIt illi his timei nitlicr iv lurost 11 nor non- Of hits lot ilns;not will ilit s so iiot ic is pay tltc sublcist timttis flicy ina(it to it Inl (Gov, \Nitlholsotnts tooe; ad tieir tickS3. The s~in~ lhad granteil tc thde Citiligii 2(iii-s:)o acres itf LantI in twoc seiveral tracts; albClt;( hit C t ts Otfetf the( lI st ifd this hIi tailý itI illeall taket.1 iup 1b)\ otlic is, lthe (Iott t(riotrs tif flit. CodI.,tili, apI trilitotýl(Iiog1" that iii1 tlit sur Ivey ing tf, it fll(\1its'mi''t inttet wsithi iisitirlhiattie oti - lits ilitt'il trttihrs it~titit te the, Go(,r atndttm ti Coutncil thait 1)) ty ciitlmitia n i )I- t ate, othelr is ay Of! I itiritt1athieste places, that sit they, mittt'litt pccc hiy cittr Iintto i lie sa tie ill ihit nit iotf the Citilcigi accitrilinc lto hits M it sty s hiltc ittittits. lT( this Ictlitton it wass atissitethc that caire sholdtl litii taitiiiii t~i-ii Huit titecr Icing, xvctilt, lthre wris tItil) ( I, it t t a, k itito it is t li, I tiiiiif liht litsI 11i i ) I o uu Whi thiih i si(c i ionlu itngi hit(tilt tliit-; ti-licts of I.;IIi ii (t ill ti'"( situ c\ s's ii s vitlctitly stititit h)y ii t -0 ini, the chai and c in vin- a wty the Su rvvIr's Iiistrutiiiits, which ohlin*Acd the('1111 ntl l t t o AbleI plissl 551 tIitele 11 to C01IO I(1iceCa tedii ll and cI 5 siv -silt tit La in fth those ilcI -ai lcteillcrs;which they were f~(11 AI t last folr oil(- of thc Trat Is to tt( oiiiiiiIa (111 1of disadvanltiLqlilis tcrIills, III sistiniil dilt their lid,-es (whIo were this salme, ( overnor & Couincil ) c 0t ti fll tit' prejudice.11;U1i1t thIll, thlt it they' (iii rst not piut it to ticlehiaar d oflu thir declison. And ýor the othe r tractt of L and, which was the Moireta olutIc of till two,( the (Governorlb ae bld 1 s( troIke heoethe cause was de-Cihrll I,inc pa tcits to others for ill] tli (oh 1-1m"d tha.t was to lie found u111 Ii t, and1 thiat In S.,,1 iig I it11iantitics, thiat nic of uis favorites had no lesS thlai 1301) 00 s of it III Ils patenit ould inoihlr 10 00ou, iii a ll flie rest very lar:e(fil ql'ilttills, -I1 flOSl\JN Co~ntrairy to his Ml IfSsi)s liiii tir to tlu. 1olee for btha i t Ii oh r tiltol wan s to have1 the firs.t choloi. Buit this Wits such an ititollk I ilkl contn (oAf thes Kiii s iiithority th it 'Sir I duiniol11d' friends iii 1 1111 liiii ill til.l ii L I(ttlls b)' tlii( LI Ililll IIl(_, II 151 him ilu tter Ilili Is ll liiii ilo kill ti,'ll wlith111 i lan accllit,1v t I s llltiil IItc lt(li t ar ival of.11111 ill tili ill ill 1iiiiW I(A ti(ll, to ii 10i J li Il s 11111 III ll i )sllti illis Ith dit iii olt (0lli f Iw Co (ý,. 'I " is y lilt 11111 C(I iii Oil, wilcl t-ii tll.\ hatid as b ad sulcciýss, 110l l(ccasif 1\1,was this. 'Ilie two II Ililil 111 lGiu -1 ll llsIf hilld Ill 1w su v y d &. tll I i fith s In 111 1 Ii its 111(1 4vc'till tIN ilt li hotish" of itl illl 1 to ii i tii Ihlc&) t ýllolit toi I ih ut T I f 51115Van t ik.oftit ill d I ill i 1111 Is to1 111 Lan Illlw 11111 hutd ill 111 IIsi iii tll t o tilt S Cr 111 tol slollV 1111 Ill slw, t1o1 111 till,) 15 111 ltl IIii, ill took 1t Owi r(111 c lt If s urliili i 21 [1697. that ininesliately every nman that pleased went and took up land in these places anld so the College could get no tenants, since everv man was at lilbrtV to take in land upon the sane plic!, without this, the grant of the said Land to the Colli-e wouill quickly ihve eii-n of great value, whereas now it will not fir manyI years 1quit the cost the College has been out upIon it. A 5. 'IThe last instance I shall give yon of a Petition presented by tt-he TIrustees of the Colll e, to the Governori & Council, had sutich Cite as wsas of more pernicious ctoniistiqili nce to the College tlhani all tihe rest. It was upon this occasion, ise undcsrstood tihat several Iople were c ontrivin- shifts and evasioiins in Law, wherebl y (they nitht avoih d payii in of tiii 6i1ts they had in Governor Nicholson's tiinw suiLscribd ut to tlie C.ill. One of these IEvasions was concernint th ini if ipayment, which byI tlih subilscription ais ti he within six mlonths alitr tihi i GniralI AssmlmIy of Virginia sihould make an act for (ndliwlusing th siud Cosltl ii and thiir imijsties had conii rmi d the saiie. But afteris aris thi Gt ni ra ii ssi umbllsd (not 11ii11 d rstaildunu wiell the form of suých an act for fmindin and ow, vin." 0, a (dic ''e toll e ) ll too a othor.1- m thod, vi/ iwtitiond I ill- li M;1ujstiy to iiant thim a Char0 r, aiii af iterward is atldi an; euiisowuwrunt, whichll thouii l l it was icthe s i thiu up11)1 thi mii Iter, Sit lift siie gOuind foi i ii uutuuitiou s i iopil to m 0k ii i bjC tin is if thliiir subliscriptimn wSri ui t i t liuuciusu tihii A\ uills tliuumsul-si did niot imaki the, at, Anitileir (uiiit thuy ri%6d wi is cowcirninici i hlic p'lrni to wholi thise pI\yumtuuuts wire to iWe mtah, tsr iy thu suil Iiptiu ns ioy s%-5r(i tii Is utde to such coIlliitor or cvl icors, is 1 law sihoul Im. appIiintid to ric iii the saiu. Now uwstcid of muuakui a I's to a nillt thI CollIctIiis thl Gtoiral AsutHls uioiiuiunnlel io the 111c sNi 's ra i r i sI I I '11. thlt and "wI ot a'1 i of this Collegse, hsirii hs MXl IS hI inabli thwl hy his chartic to tale and recicivi all gifts for thu Collh( ' lhi hi lIi- M'5 ji'ti iiiu ordi li h did: nMV tho I u p Iha Cav IWno HImIA C It( 11 d to I'ly allcdý,' t~hat th))ose 111'1 arc not Cos'lctor' app 1initd by i-wi u hi Givisriis ofi thill I C Odiit to iii ini i uth ixPhiiiis;n1 trouhl: of Law sulits ssith i ll thils conts ii tiii is prl il, rsiolvd to put in a I)hill to ithe ( eral A m1 i, entit l a 1hi] tir i i i 1itai I 51 ti i- piyIl unt o l bs sihiu cl ipl iols lii Ii to thi Cis o ( of ii 'il l ius tnd Mia y in 1 ii-h giniml, By which th(,y holc~l to 1hai\ Jil s irt wmrk, a-nd to htvc got the Assembil ly to lave (lclaredt that the said subscriptions were now due, and that the Trust(es nominated in the King's charter were the 1Lell collectors, and(! that it night pass the m)ore safely they I)ut it first in tihe upper I louse, where the Gov'ernor ustally sits, and can do what he pleases; se hopid he would have beetn gladi of an opplortunity to do such a piece of signail service to the College, fotr ie hiad not lokng before receiveid a colmiand t from his Majesty vigorously to carry on the College, and to remove all olbstructions that might hinder it. But tlie Ifte of this ill (shiichi only wmild have oblischid the subscribers to Ipay in their sulbscriptions) was very hardc; for it iwas thirown out by the upper house in the ('ovecrnor's pirestence, ansi they ss'wou lto nither make aoiiiiiieintis in it nor pI)Llt it to th hiaza ri )f pssin''inn thli I louse of luir gsses. iThe consequunce of' which is, that pTip) c i iinli M enuio eId to stand out, will not brriln.g in thlcir subscriptions, and the ('collcege- is afraid to haizard so great a stiki (upwlardls 4of,20oou) in a suit of Iaw, i eore lo judhids that have give) so iaiy prolls of tliiir betiin peiltlicetd against tlis10, so that the bliiiliig is now at a fill stop tOr want of moneyt. ~ 6. Tie chief revenue of the College rising from thle lduty of the picnny per )11pound oil n toilicc cxpIrtd out of Vir'inia and laryliand to the otiher lEnglish plantatiois, the Csllitge has of late a vscry Iaid iaccout oIf this Reventue in Vireiinia which is occasito ld chietly bli thit( Gosiriior's itrm1 ittii t the csllictors- to miakc iul) thisir acc uints cildiesstiosly with his.i su itor, without appointing~ a y f it pulic audit as usd to b ylily tpitcd t rly. sy tis imostans both tit cotltctors hiive lUettr opprtuilit to chsatt th College of the saii'sd sOtisand the (Gvierlors stf the Csol so I incur lie disp siaste sof the I l iitorai le I thi Conlinissionl crs (Af Ilis 'liajtstv's culstomlll i s, ipc t o fromi tlhem a ot01y of ill tits itccounts ofl tie n r tli p i tuiit Isis ly iltlitli, 7. One usutl nliltItsol they' shave to hinider all Coll te Blu sin1stss is to contrive that tiere shall not tie a inlajoor part of thle CGovernoirs tof the Colliege present at thlir ilit:tings, andl thoun by' tiheir charter thelicy can do no butisiess. For tlhe 23 [ 1 6o 7. whole number of the Governors of thie Coils'( sbs seig 20, & of' thlose(, Seine1 perhaps st-one for Englandl, other.Is living vry rmoet in thie contrytN, othecrs (Iceta i I I c db si5'klies ha iw(eathi( or (iniecessary business, to wshemil the Governor joiiiiiig himself an~d all his' fri idsis who aii're lii~vs ( gcin i(rally aisselt (as will appear by) the Collti s'( Jouirnasii ) it isn sd ifitetislapn tt thereý are net liresent ii I I liiic is oý the if fl. s; part of' tie %vhlus And iN'lin to pox c-it thls; ihiey adjouirii tlieir lilt i tin,_)s to sii(cl tinies and places, wheIin andl wlherie tiey ari so ir to niii t %ish itis fl ovcriser's bisissis upon othiciler asccoun its (as5 to ( u. iii~ i iilt and counciil iliiiiis f tlii liet Ih es'e-isrn bii~l5 ftiili ifist they apposinot lhiii Iii istsiis(s it sosch tsiniis as lindsur the phi liC bulsinless sot thin couintry. 'Iliii Governor of Maryland l I iii a constalit titusn it tile iiiiistinflS, anid very zeailouis to isroiisote the buiisineiiss of tie, ('siis'i, soniiie cx trasrsfiniiry xosctiissss svri-i Iiiisented toi sIsIuIsra,'0 Ie buss 1c 11 in lisp'si that souild fe id me, lie, rest wsiiill not lbe sliseetits' soi ic'i iuitcs tis sari im thie wsork. A t Is' Sir, F'IsfiniiiuI( triedt ts iiia4ke hi111 wears' Isv st-ii sss anl fr-misIns, sind sskiie' univissil slsetoissi'Ii dn'l, flu( ri-iasis hmv sr ic tiis io lcsv 1i is ( sel11.citiip s)r Whist 1w liii ti)d Iif Vin ir-iiii tos mus he pus 5 isis? But wh-u th i lis wisiils inot siiscsisii'ss lien1 frsl iii s issisii a vkrN \%"iii''is-isIis is aii t last, si-iis-l it Iiipours ts 1w (oils iiii lit tt iso is, iIi;IssiiWIs \ii h aisllons tos rc,(nt ss I, i is sil soch ' it) rc lls cistl i l Ilsiii Nii its is sit, ' isc sirmts ý 10i hi,, fits 'Iisris r s I isti Misi-) 1 Mis sit s thai t sisslitti s sii N Ilits I lt1d1 s\l1ss tos;11l ii' ac' ()sIIIifsiisliiiis its tltst 05 Iik a isisi ifs tc 5f5t riii 1 isis 0 tfiii i ii iiis (sits' if iii sI-sisli ]Its sis 11tuis v iii\ s ii lis it ib it i" a fuit k- t s i s' 5 f ss---' i 0551', 51, iii ' (i csi t sI if c o I n th' ii i I ii hi"I Mi I itr I, s 5' ' I st*Iivsts o i is Is r. iiir wa s I t ss\v this Ii siliths ii l viii h sd to i I i(Iil a piic (ds I iso itt tromsi SIr I siiiitsin fivisi h ic s-i 's' tillt' iti i iisutsd Si o si ld is as toi (xi'\ i,'i'is Ilsi ttii-itt ii~sssn this_ (",orI -oI i * iii sit- Isi Iiis ti iiiii 5 ii) 5ii I iils 'i Iif~ 1i697.] 24 tiinil owes a particuilar Grudge and enmity. It was not long bef"ore Col. Park, be ci ng so ficienttly inicciisedl by some near the G~overnuor of Virgia Itahlat lilew the Coils, f~ti an(1~f occasion to exp)ostuilate witli tie Gotirmi' of' MIarylaiii ablitiita thingý which lie Said lie looked upioii as a gyreat afflouit, ws'itrein hardly ant' mani buti himisel f can perceive the Icast shadow of' an inciisihty tor disohl iga t iot)i. It was no iiore_ bit that the Governor of Nh arylaiid among't some otliti le-tte-rs of news which lie hiatd received ho to Ilii fritiids, tatd showed otie that lie rt cit ici frott ( P)1 1ark, sshiih, I ot ( i nii l tl imtt ito' tif' 5 (ret, iteithier the (.ioe (IM'1M ttf MIary land I ir mny body cdst told stc wi so the tarot swas, in cototo1111toto ot it. II is to' toldt the otcistiin (I ilit ( itt rt(I 1I shall bictcfly and faI titftl I 'Itt II iv in it( tit)itit tf the(- Itro, ( ss of ti it, Ito iii 1" it toen mv tjsftr - lttr it t~it sea iii(oh thit ii. Pai rk, haIi I~ 1;ool-i so ii i tt it i 1111 to11c It lc t ti: -1i1tta what lite c iiilitttll tilt tilt-I tstthlt Ii m llthidi as it( ft r lad itt,ý'c tilt htatd tauti di ito hc 1111 ihr sItnf i tiit pttintiiii ith tttot lm111") ciotec wa tas said fit01 Stir I"(11111 titiioii' IIi i 1.1lst I to M' NI F1ots it iii I IdI I'Lhutaiitit, ttiieeo tue G0(ts t I out(f NI rs IaitI ut it wais. Iiiti it( COl 111 It tt licati-ifat itt ttstisit ll)lin (d wit it I') s tilt iit ai ithc r a i ii i Ist it \ttut fttto t h N. Atik Ito rtail, fly- adds-ci hisfs Ifi thu itoii d I bsk rori it is th ifftlad - ipt Nii tft t Ositi sfit tutu, " 1 tilt titlist c ai l I ctiits5 I ii th t Ii s týi llt w I (-lit N (IfN I ii> laiti, I rccitt ll irt " i iil tiw (dt Maittiti fli if m \ott ' It it iti itu sl ill t i htu il~lan"lt f (its Patrk,.to itt l tttthis Ifit'c fluth'e\ lltl s(d ai c ittim Port tof beIrai hyla ''is y t his yti iy l t f I 1(If) 't tit asi atilt t' I ite sit ititich SaPlicilt. I Ym ifti Ii1 lilt g1 flto Pis lisltt t stil l it tt i ftl ii tI l the (;v,)fM rytau fandtr m yiu i. I art g tiog illt s lit if-ima Hitt t it I ti~i' l Nulti itsc s.m Sali huit shellatilt Icatch yllt', Iti rii' ut S iy ititlit itsk "c m ii Nit tllr' i n F ii tis, (hits, lark btga(it hitisit a\')'(,wt a itowat'rd t0ittftldf I oWh tt" Iy I tit ttfcno ofrlau Clts'lie istil to huf & ) it h v llthimr ssl to it f t osi Il ttr l (t1 tfNi t' always Fitti titsh fiat I nid stjilt chis h iat hic ' It f t s if nititt tou sh l ty \\ lit d i t hli t I fly tif it ad utd hiectoritig," "that's your flirt AI IPank, satitd the Gotr of' NMarylfantt. I' itit 25 D1697. you wouldl say no more if my hand(s were not tied here; half of those words should do.'' Then he profftered him, if he* would go to IPerinsylvania to furnish hiiin w oithh locselilt to d(tfrix' his chargeI.s thitier. When ',irkl reftised this, lie wihispiered himni somiietlhing in the ear, which was 1not too l](.) bliit that the Coiimpany overhealrd it. It was somethtinrg to this purport, that it' he wmiuld let him know privately at any tim he het woiIld meet him any where iibut in Virginia and Mlaryland.l At last ]I told him that lie heard he dlesigield for I':nrglanl. If he would let hilil knIow thie lime, lie would ask leave of the Kin,-g to coime liorme, & meet hii in I Einglandi. Ily this time Col. Park semred to be a little paciedic, and told thie Gov' ofi Marylandi that lie hadl all the satistaction lie cdesi rcd. " You haive affrointed i," said lii" atl d I have affrtnttlt cd you: noss' it lils upon yotl to i o titmad s at u Jtimo." This was the sub sttncei of what then pas'sd, titi' as it happitls ill passion thet thints mihlit bI spoke more out of Iplace, anldt tlhei samtie thigs r iepeatiid oft iricl thaii I have lni I ossw tlli 'se thli,em. ( 11 the aftcrmnon of the sa e dy, thei Gv' of' Maryl.ind bcing to wiait on Sir Idintttlid Andros ait his tiwrise (as li never failied to do cwhenever lie camet to Virgiiiia aboutt the businsti'ss of tilhe Colige), Sir Ed'mind took octastni to quariril dith im, tle' thiat le ru licted oit lit ili Maryland and the slitltff of, Jamties City beet''i i t"nit, lit unictdcii the Giieriior of Maryantl into cistoily. The G it' of Maryland iold Sir litond Anolcs that lie kutews' xihat xais their di'sign' iin tll this;, that tity thiught tot scarti him froin comint' ' into Vir''inia to wxaxiii i tuiit businestit's of thr Cii:ti e, but that Sitihoul rnot at all do. I Il istuit stil cotic and p 1r urn his duty iII th t trut. Aft r he had bccin about hillf all h r inr1 the Shert-iff's cuvStulo y (tll()' Il(n t out of, the room all the whl~ilc), t-;1ir Edmund being afrald o)f the(-. conso).((ltecI c of Im1pl mrill"nIn ciand t ii (d x i the K itt' \ ri s, I 1 ri erd thaac it ile siii l Ila\ hist liberty. Upon hoth these occasIins,- l'1ark's chatlk an,,- and thc ( 'ok-crtor's imlPrlsoInmen~t,-thec Gmvernmr of" Marylaind b(-M0';1\VJIe ()f the dcsi-gn (which was to provokx t ik m into a pAssio in I which titiy' lttpcd lie wouldi say m do sotti tnt from which they miht takt, itt ti pibit hum tm catating into Vi \ni v as s() calil thlit li did 11(t secem to hrIl ill( th clast conccrimed. I ic rcsItitd this las tt ''ito t "f "iri hmidtts no httltiis' hut by xi his~pi i-Ii' him somncthilwg ill thie car so softly that the Comipany hear11d nothing (4* it. Aft(.r thlis Co.Park brinw* exti-cily ckr, sl C b--)W y thc ( ovcrimir was malc (.()iector 'f the 1lt\cir usia trict tfi Iatts's xii r iii ll itth( t ri mi t t C(). I L L r who tutu alsit that ti'c. A littl' hi ice this, Sir hEdiimid had made Col. Park -r r,: 3 '" _~ rj *3 1 3 ~ 3 4 ~ C = ~~ i; " =- - ~L~ = =; ~ j 5 " " J' "" 4 i c I ~, i I' ~S: =: SC j" i C13 ~ ~ = =; T.;j T ~ c= 'r I= 1. r: 3 r.3 r ~f - L: 5 r " cS C.;-3 7~ r: ~V' i, 3 C~c~ % r ~~Cc, %LL ii -~ ~.Z s ';'.* c i, iS c r- ~ " I.= i~ r: ~3~L;,3 L- I ~" LL: II r 1; '1 -- c ~= v' s:"- )~ v I: 3 3 C, ~ ti, j~ -r -. 'j;; is ",I: f ~ =j 3 c" i Cli r:;,- L~ C~ i:S ~-- f --, = = 1:, L%=j 2~ - T. % ~1 =~, - ZL S = i, _--L j; 2 '3 L~ ~S; i ~ J 5 i =j L~ cJ ~ ~ -J ~ Lci '3 L~ ~~ C~ =3 3 r L, s j 'j ~ i I: c 2, r c; c: ii _= lc:, ~= c: = ~ = 3 " " ~ ~ '5 ~3 L- i C C~r? cr: ~2. ~ ~ L~ 'Z 3 C; L1 2 r ' 2, "" ~~ f~~e i 3 5 =: "~'~: 5~~ 'TS: ~ " J =; % ~EI ~ i c= cJ j\ C Z 3 ~r~ = ~ L~ _~.Z i '3.i, I: i 7 i`:T', c- c \C 3 ~J:,i Z s z 3 Cj C ~,~i,, r ~~,j, r -= -~ i ~ L:.:5" r~3-~?tO~ i c, = C I: r: ' ~j=~ I i I; iC ~ ~ t:=, r = - i Cj '3 r: =:~- S 73 clL.i C ~2. 5 t u r: 1. 3 C Ir J,c. i L~ bI 3 % T:~ ~ " ~T~~ CL~ C = = i 5= ~-. CY t "~ i\ 3.= ~C T~L -=; r 'z =,-; = ~ c L; " 7.5 ~ci~ " f~ i I = =~-~L~ ~,=i= = I: -= 3~, = ~~%~Y =u U '= 3 ", ~, -= ~ ~ ~ ~ r r r r r r 7 r: ~-3 L. ~ i ~- = r E= =, =,1~3 = = j r: t 'Ir' s; S 3 3;` 3 i: Z I: a -r ~ " I; ~ = _; i i % r: ~5; ~ = =~ 4 f;j X~~.jr i -3 rZ j ~ -, _r, 31 = 2 31. c.I ~;; t % ~ s.L- r C T1 t =S ~J -=,~i~~ == c: S =; r ~ 3 1-;2 ~: c3 f J j I = -- --3 cc" I: 'S~ rj ",' '=- 3 3 L=; = -~ ~ L ~= r T~ i, = ~ 3 ~ 1 4 ~f: r -$ = I; ~ T. % -- i ~ r 2 = V= - ~ 23.- " " I " " ' 3 /c~'= i~ c! I I~ c " ~r= C~ i T ~5. t ~ '' -= _ c~~J 3 r 3 ~; c: C~.: L 2=3 c, _j R ~J J c C ~~ C.-. i j V r -,L 5 ~ -~ r r; J % c i r L i-, C ~ c~ ci 6,- 'C 6 c" r. rC)L i "',L i " r i C `-i L" 3 -4 c tr i % _~ " i, ~r r, 3 i ' r` c~ I 27 [ 169 7. him, calling- her by the n'ame of htis cowisin Brown. ]bilt, to hive a blow it NP Btlair, lie- rcsoIvcl for oil(, day to 1i), asidhisI r tno-il-ts'i FitM1110 ill t11111d li to o l ye t 5 ( 1l111c to lllr Wfvih t il- wit ii ou Iit ii( thm Ctillic (1and Irlxntto liiil~ Il' I to 1HIM iaotion hoi \ur p i il,;v it) 00l Accordingoly iliolt tli( monlth )1(d ii (1 11n r tlit th ic r 169,9-6 li( (lii (lie Stilufrivýliteiii tire poor ( ontb xx oliio i whoi xil ith do ew (wthliloillv ox win to (IcCl-f nil diem as feCarioo- no attack, Iin suchi a t antoor),i sct/il liP-11Ci~ii Bilair hy tiole wrist, old with ri-cat fiut an ou xoh (1ce(1 iii li cir onit of iii- Pewx Ii iresunc 11o(f lth \liiistcr tn Cii oi er (lion, wxho hol In,-on (lixinc ci rx jo all the liliil In-in M 11.11l a(iiil/ui hsrit ilx&fl~ll itn eriii(, titi ma tti- ras tlil od n(it Justifx Col Io1. Pa kIll it le pmiiix lhiiIi ill the (ml ntr vi cicI ou t shli (li so xxas ri-si iviii toI.-iv 'Mt N1 lIi no sat'dfl--ct111 '1ool tiitri tooc uponl leinhl-" of- botih I l-ii s ixavc tlii it iopinionis ili tlii si, xxl l " iThit it did I lott lic liflr twiii " Ai t tilt sailni lini Col I lx l ltaxini4 preset itd a I (tit(ion yoilplil iini- oif Col PaiIrk til lr ilvaili the i--lit dliii oli-tm binil,, of xistri --- Nall wh xlii Sit tl(iii. at his (cil d &, Iiiw ilisli'im) hail the sille isxxev Blnt to rietorn to tii 1 hwfll 5 ii lxxi oil tht. ( x d l Marylan an11 Coil. PiIark, tii 0a1 -I Iion xx rc t i lan ii ii ii in O llt t(" 111 1 Ii tiiis illie i lint Sc\ ii', itcr lit v kii pI,(, vt xxI his ai iii- vii ii op iii d ii tl--iii of h i SOtieti-c it a i tha ux- ul--ii inr IIt aii---- xxi x-t111u1. I ilplis 1697.] 28 end of Flebruary last, were a dealing earnestly with M. Illaiir, to go home to England to sc ure Mr. Bioyles' legacy, ansI to (o soime other Iibusiness for the College. In th( ill antiine Col. Park, who was utterly asao inst I. BIlair's going for Inglanid, miaintained an argumnlent, against all the iGovernors of the Coll e, who xwer at that meeting, and were as much for MI. Blair's going as Col. Plark was against it. Anongist other things which hCe lfercId, to dissuade htlhm, he told tdhnll thlat if tIhey thought it necessary thiat one of thIir numbner should go, the (ov' of NIaryland was a going, so there was no occasicon for M. Illair's gone, too. It being answeredl that it was intire than they knew, if the (I;' of Nnrl 1t(,as a going for England-he Ii cc1d - Ys s, I can tell you that the Govrmnior of NI irIrylaod is a going for 1Endla1, fbr lie has prois5d to ient III thrIi this shlipping. Upln this the (ov' of Maryland miade answer, -Sir," says he "yon are mistaken. I promised to aI k tins King's leave to go for Indlaiid. lit for niecting you, I'll i't yin ( I (oii will, except in Virginia and Maryland." 1pon1 which Col, i irk, with iii hlih It angry tote, re"diid \No sir," saulI hi, "y ou Ipositivsly Ipromiised to mlLict fle ill Endsnd." "It is a li," sdl tihe Gov, of NIryI lad Ian d it is not tlii first you have told." "A lii'!" says Col. Park, and, havins s horsewhip ill his Iiand, run5 s tohe Gov' of Narylaod, who was sittiiin ainrchliadLli. & give hin a slsli i with the horsixwhip oveIr thle head. T'li: ( Gov' of NIaryland at this tilite chappenced to have no sworcl or otlher weapon about hint, lfor 1e had l1ft hiLs sword in an house wInre 1ih dined at Jamtiestown, aiiind to which lie de1sins d to retiurni to his I odoii at ihlit: but presently flew to Col. IParuk with his naked list. Thecre hwing Companiiy cnioughl in tlhe room t tlhey wcre imlmedlciatily parted. UITpon this the Governor of Nlaryland (as was afterwards known) sent Col. Park a private chilliiie to fight him iin Carolina wh ich waIss the nic arst 1Governlme nt, at tlih distiance of little niore thai;nl a dy's joLiiiy frotic JaLtins TownII, but Col. Park fr all his luffiig andi hictoringi in company, was ixtri to ly nettlid at this, and coiltrivid to have the ilatter liscovrc l to Sir Ilnuni d Andros, iwho, iy puittinL 1 iii unhilder coilfillneinit, toiik care toi kccI his skiii nxhole, but contrivedl no satistaction fur tiL ()Vv rnt ir of NI riland. This dil. Park is niw in I undit, and is so thr froimi wilos ishi;iiiniil of this story of tlh lh thiqi thu ]1i ()\Its it ii ill ciitpaiis, every wheii sittiig out his own con rae'ii and tli iovrriLor (if Marylandis cowardice. The reciv liiiii lii is ofi hoiior must isfiL the Governor of Maryland fromi miakiiig ally comiiplaints IPion occasiolis Of this nature. 29 [1697. He designs, it seems, some other satisfaction of this sp)ark, snd has- (as I am told) desired my Lord D uke of iBalitimore to intercede k Ith his 'Majesty, for leave for Iiins to comie home. But I hope the King will fnid a1 better way to keep Lip the hionor of his Governors, than by sufb Crum them to he thus exposed to the insults oif every rude and unmiannerly subject. Ani account inight be added here of' the particular pers cuitioiis of other Gentlemen that have been friends to the College, particularly of MP. Ihlair, whomn the(_y bave end~eavored groissly to mnisrepriesent to iiiy Loird Bisho.p of London whose commissary lie is, in that eiiiintrx." They have likewise tried to dleIprive hiii of his president's 1)1ace in the College, and to tiirii him out of his Parishi of * Jamestowin, sviti iio less offers tio the ve~str\y, than that if they would (1( it, Minister shoul,1d be fiouind for themi gratis. A most strict inqulisitioni has been hr11iell uon his words and actions, and a strange spirit of- pcirseeutiunm has upon0 ill oct ezions all eared f'or his sake against all hils friends, relaitioius, coilntry no) an d acpialin ance. Ilhe hias bween twice 5tii51endeul friii tl1C CooII nwirithiout any piroccss or trial; and,-ssluy, Sir E"diund Akndrois hias Iseen so ( ugecr to have hiiii1 out, that the Iitig's express \Varran t, for his continuiong thiere, could not iip~reser him. But I f-orbear, haviing, I fear, already expitiaitid too far uponm the subjeict of this Rupture. MR. NICHOLAS MORE.IU, to the Righ~t Hfonorable t/ie Lord PISHfOP q1'. icICHiuLD and corrVEriWY; Hli's Mallesty's HIGH t4LM1ONER?. \ iRGIiNiA, i 2thi April, 1697. Ms lmou, A P r iii> dutifuml respiects I resemi tist iunto your LtIordship, I imimke hubd to aci1iiaiuut x'mni Itha hie, ing lahe in the(se, hurts of' Virg in ii ii A tug ist 1i.st, aimd being, tealV to _) for M.,11yliul1, ulirciuni your charity hah voichisafeh.ý to recnuntuuuemd uiel to his FIN~xeellucy IN iWho soni, I hecard such great italk- amiong 2 ~ '--------------------------------------- i, C C ~ r: S? = r = f. c ":-, ~ c~-------------------------------------- '" 3 = ~ I ~ ~ ~ 5~~~-5: =rs-r t s cJ r ~ = rl 'Z r--~j = f r ~,i.S t L - v.--= L ~-- C. -- -- 3 3L ~ C = z:J r -; r -~ 'r " = 5 ": i ~_-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~ ~ ~ r, V C ~ -- z "" = ~ "'= L -- ~; 'Z 3 ~ ~- -- -- i, 3 -- r cc ~'' 1. F cc cc 3 -; - ~ i L. % u s ~- " = ~ V --- = J = cr __ ~c. v = -= ' ~ I z % = C L. ~ = C; r = i ~''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ~ ~- = J L-- T=i~=~~%- L %%~ -" oc= LZ~L % '~ = I 'r = " 3 r _~ 7 ~ ~L: =- ~ Z = L = i CI ~/~- = r I rl; -= / r -z ~r: e. L.T~-- ~ ", L ~ r r ~~ -- s = i. L r: ~3 -~-- _= L I= = L Z 3 'Z; = ~-: ~ = 3 -J = ~ 5 r::: = 3 = = ~~ ~ =% ~ I i. 71 C) u ~ " ~ % '7 L. ~ r 13 ~ =I; " JI=,~~,~,:J=;= '~ " "~= S~~ x ';i r j = = j ~ -~ ~L -' ~ c-~.- ~; S cc; ' -, = r L;~ '3 f r: s i.;;1 '3:i i;-":~ ~L" j = C y ~ ~ i -- ~7 1-: ~ L= L ~c;= " CC~C 3 ~ j S ~-~ I Ir ~ i i, 3 ~ ~- Z C ~I. ~~ 'S I- 3;1 i -- v ~ - "" - ~ % i, '3 L., I "-~= r =.Z 3 ~-; i ~v 1 = = ~; L. r = ~ _ L;r --'Z =, = ~ C iJ L=.= r 'Z ~--------------------------------------- I ~ " -- 'I t r F =; r x -= r 3 _;r ~ --- = r r Ir Lj%; C: % = -- j i = - = i.; = L i. -- = = r r:: r 5" ~1 J I ~ -- -- r I r u r r.:r: [ = L __ = ~~- = = --- =--=L~il~ -- L ~t c~ = r j L ~= L 3 -; = " '5 '1 z i " i~ 3__' = Y~ ~~ '' c 3 ~ 3 ' ~ i ' i ~ r % C ~L 33.- =." ~ c _ L.Z L ~ ' i r J j".~"" = ~ -= ~i,__ r ~; i c; ~ 7~U-- cc 3 z; 3 r C~L~ L % i =:r-=-'= 1 -;7=: L " L~cr ~CI-, i = -~ f ~3~ r,i = L~ r r =;;;, c 2 ii ~r `i Z ~ I: = ~t i, '~ 'S ", = 1= " f~. = ~ ~` -, ~, ir;I ~ -_L i- =L;i,~Z r= % ~L r~ h i r i C c % L ~3 ti Z 2 '-= -r. `J % ~c ~L O i, ~. 1 I~I v,_:- L C " i - r rr 'I j J.f' c L - c C, i r':t 1 F z_ = i, `' i C ~i '; L; i ~%~ ~T3e. 311 11697 - are a naughity man, MI. Minister, you hutrt thef, child with cold water." I Iis fathier antd mothe~r come to clii cit constanitly, and were persuade-e by me to receive thle I ioiy Communion at L'aster (day:whiich they' didi perform accordingly withl greeat piety and respect. I hiave- antitlier old Qtuake.r 70 year1s of age who0 left the- (luirchi the(se- 29 years airo, and liolee to lbring him to clitiirchi agaiii withiin fecv weeks. Luc'ee-,- d /101/ Woc/ces-- /ievumu.. co-den e'/ n/on /i//en, hoc fmnkfel cur est: lucei-e /ezel ne'rc, lhoc te'r/1C/cume sl. saitli St. lBernardl. If mioisters were such as they oughlt to he, I dare say thecre vieild. Ice 0o 01.uakers iior D~issenters. A learned sertmon signitiies n'ext to iiotliiig wilihout good exatiiples. Len,4-uu f/ei- tnr /rnej/eta, lIre-z au/nm Pe~r 1e,mcc I wvishi God wsould put ill your mind, my L ord, to send hiere aii emtinent Ilisliohe, who by hiis I ety, charity and secverity in keepeing the canions of the Chiurchi, mnighlt quickent thiese base ministers, and force theicn to mind the duty oef' their chiarge. 'I'boughi the whiole- counitiry eof Viiiia tin t s le t a g-reat respect for mly Lord lleshop ee ILoiidon, thley to iný lit en1 Itchi elffront inadlte toheiir inationi, because hlis 1 otdslicp i ie se itt lii re IN. la1i11r a Sc etcliutnia, to lee conitittssary. a1 ~cuinselIlor, and 1e ieitOf tlIe Coellege. 1 wa s otice. iii a great comipaneiy of (cilcdeine i somec of'te finil ccci ConunshIlors, and( ilicy did ask mie, "I )eeeit you tliiik tIe re inay be ecIi E sjait anone tst theIc Fw lisli, a (lexrgyian fit tie be eontiitissar, and (on use br and1 I csidcint if oienr C olle-ge I e f ave wr'ote all the-se thi~ngýs, my Lord, freely, buit hlave said neetliing(" by mlys(If. It was ionly to acquiaiiit your I oresliip licew the thiing,,s are lit-re. I'lie(,eeoveirnor is very well believed Iby thef. whlole! coiunttry, lbii leecauise his time is Ovce r the y tcicink of atiotlier Governo0r anl I do desire earinestly to leave: in Iii Exc le ie y Niclecelson, whio iindeed is a most etncitmmt Goverimor;arid] as fit (ais sated to mle, oeuce, your I ordsltip), to be a Bishlop as to be- a Gove~rnor. If Ilie,; s I.'x:.leticy was Governor lieee, and y'our I ordsliile would senid hiere a goodie Bisltiop critli a severe observationi of flit:- Canones of' the Cliii rclti, and ca i 'r fo ti de týlvatioin of Souils,, there would be a great alteration iii the (lmiiicle. Re"lic' eon cud fictti, shiould fleecerislt irest-titly, mel we' shiould lit 11ci;"Icty (,a ael ccil t(-d Wlctn I clio tlciink ci tli nossel f of (hverenottr N Im litkn I dcl a ll leii lee dic 1"lit liai ee cd;ued, thee farhetlir oef fihe Churtchi, ciii iert, a 1',Atle r ccl the, icier. A n ('1iet111,et lHislieep of ihiec! saliti cha11racter 1 citigse'cc crni (VIr lIcn %itl c1iiict, will inakt: I1'1 hlietithiile and~ sWttilt thit- elton(1 he)If*~iltic the eli ii I p luuettIis wo-rk, iiy) LIr, is Geod's wcocrk andi if' it I C)li hclehee i the it I!t- at Ihisleecl coemie 0%eer tiere: I will saky as St. hoi-reard s;iici ci hils Ep istle toi Icgeeuiecs Te-r 1697.] 32 tills, hrt dig/iur DPi es/. I have been very tedious to your Lordship, but God's concerns have brought oe- to that great boldiness. I wish God give you many years to live or the good of his Church, over wvlici that you might )preside long will be the constant prayers of, my Lord, Y'" &c., NICI Is MOREAU. Sir E. ANDROS no real friends to the Clergy as appears ly wAat followet. His Majesty having been pleased to declare his pious inclinations to relieve the poor Clergy of Virginia out of his revenue of Quitrents if after 3 years' trial he should find that tlhe said revenue could be sparedl fron the inimmediate occasions of tile Government; In order to render ineffectual this royal intention, new ways have bfeen found out since to expend the said revenue formerly unknown to this country and as it will appear by the sequel unnecessary. Much bath been slpent in denmolishing the old FIort at James Towin, and makiing a new platform and another sort of carriages to the Guns, but how little those new batteries, or indeed ally at all add to the security of tlhe Country, every juidicious man imay easily be miade scrnsible of it. It is not long ago that aln assembtlly in Virginia wa;s of opinion that it was not possible to secure that coiuntry by the way of' ba;tteries or fortilicltionlls. It is plain that the batteries nosw iln Virinia, where there is no suich thing as a Tenable Fort, nmay be easily siized and secured by an enemy tho' hlie bie weak, and made use of to his own advantage in securing of hiivself whilst lie stays in the Country, and then at his 'oing away hlie may either spike up the Great uuns or burst thin. Tli peIople live so scattering in the Country that they caninot readilNy bI got togetlher i ithier to secure the said batteries or beat an enltetly froiim them, for it is observable that ain enemyal can cowe with his ships or boats and seize those batteries before any body knowiethi whvlo they are. Cl'. Nicholson when (;ov'(rior of \Virginia was so sensible of this that lie wvisht it had cost him one 111 hundred poundl tlhere had not been onie great giun in Virginia. 33 [ 1697 - If there were any popllouIs towns upon all the( rivers where the batteries, are, then it imiglht (10 sonic service, buit as the Country is without towns andI hiath b)ut little 101)1e such batteries are of no use, but may b)e very pretjudicial, oneC good tenab~le fort would cost b~etwixt2 andf 13000 to bUild and there nit. be at least forty or fifty Ino n including Officers and Gunners to keep it, wVlll It OUildl riot Cost less than a thousand pounds p' Annumn and such fort couild secure, but one particular place, for there are thousands of landinq places in the Country. Besides if there shouldl happen any rebellion in the Ccountry as it did somec years ago and the rebels- secure themselves by seizing such batteries as they did theni, the consequences of' it may be very pirejuldicial tc the k%'ingý and Cot ft ry. llesiibis again such fort can be ic secuirity for his. Majesty's Costotins, nlor for finding and securingr fialse antd lllcgal trade, eXeli~t all1 ships slmiobl be obli'eil to load and unboadI at that ft it whichl would I roe so 1 rcui I! somei, chia rg',ille, and iiiilracticahilc to the people that slmuldI live very remlote fromn the sp ot that they wouldl leaset off p)lantitin of t)obacco rat In r than to cr)!mply wilth so sey)'re a law which I need tot saiy would prove very iinjuirious to Itis Maje isty's Ciistomis. Nowi if' it be askedl how thou the C.ouintry mtay be 501:))d a(1 1'ii(1 f trad P rei' i tell I aisscir that It is the 4)i hot) of tIw tiiundcr staniding ' toeti of, the Couintr Ind1)1 I aml su1re it was o~f;it i's embl s inl Col. Nichol~son's tinic andIllhs owt, ithat to (y tiwo otrt tte snitan l fri ao(s '(nd ircs~liips 0ýl(1)111 tilt. he sst wayi to si eon' thei Countr if' not to(ni ill cintmins ait least trout all 15i-tcs anl to pnSltall i1ialltor Of lb''1-ii de and1) to ki (P alu'avs tIl- Cmiinti )i iisil f ctioi:-uii to reiun in'tter tills lone Ii mn sioii() to the siibj ie t It()\ it* I i11d 2. ( )It( thou iiid pouiis of this ()lti citets mi'om ii wa srit th(n Iast 5ell to Non Yoriik wii lah w ould I thinik Iil-(Cdlv have lf~il done it' It had to t bci ri that tIn Ii had tiiimld by exlrmistin'" that futnd to tniake the, Ki''11, s 11'u ((IS proilse of no cfft a s to thec relief' of iu' dwC 1rg y To whliich obsei'cvatii n hiecaluse of the )ffuuiity (if' the mnatter it I-, fit to ald iothitli wic wiid iill likewise sliesy the satiui lii) itsion au dliir way, vi: I hit ho Uu' tis i ar the Iprice0 of tobaccii is 'scii ill us\ (r the( C untiitr N(t his Ma - I iititswI'lac I aii inlol 'ubcro were netver soId at luiir tis, Isi soe iht (til sold 1 y thle Quit retnts of the C oun ty be-low 10.1 anid 6 p' C' the cuuo cli price iif 1697.J 34 T'ibacco amonllig Merchants andll others being there at the saime time 10o8 p C' and thle Ministers have it at 128 1I' C'. Sir E. Andlros being commanded by his NMatj(sty's letter in his Majesty's name to lay before thie general assembnly the low 'ondition of the Clergy and to enrleavouir some suta~le relief of it: he said not one word of it in his speechl to the assenllbly then next called in Oct' 1693. Not otnl Y so but when that general assembly ' would have done it of tihemiselvc s in the revisal of the laws and made a proposition for thile bettering tthe condition of i lthe Clergy, one sixth part paisinii' thlmi cigcdty pounds p ainniiumm in To1acco at io8 p, C, whereas forimerly thly were, and now they ir paid it in TobaccI i 2hi i Ct a;mI when this prii sitioin was formicnd itto a bill, and that hill had passed bI oth ihouises and I o ii f1re tihi ( oxirnir fur his assent, lice never gave his assent to it. But in tile cntrary that assemibly was dissolved and si fell that good irm l"isitioii for thi reClief of the Clerg y by Sir I.'s, iand no m ian's i ls f, foillt, &c. 3. W hiriit is durinii i other (,ivirnmti nts that n ri known ti.) Ic favorua le t(i the Clemry, tih salarii s if thw Clcrgy wCre in ians places by the Vestries incrii(-aseu ii aiivi teI o allo iimanc (f tIhe liaw, ontii th S contrar u r this;iivernn111it thIre have i clu manI \ aiiatcmii ts imade of ihi4 silriii and tha t toii in pari-hies vi r\i niar the plmci Where thii Girntii liivi, as Midhdkplanitatioui, I)inly, Heni ii.. In thi Iit porishtis 4 thi Countrii that have 5 ii % inhaitiants anid so cuiuoit i d di ni t prIt, i ni ivi y as mi any mliir parishui lii lih iniisters have hut i iouli iAf ' Tibc ioh wihrcas thith lgal alioianm is 13i333 Instnicies of this are mnati At \\ re 4in0, Kingsti I, ti hi \\ 1oo intti, St. I'Peters, &c. 5. Nevir so i many affrtiiis were publickly thrown upmi the Clirgs as during this Gov irnimt, a ll whiCh pass unredressdi Witniss NPI Wallace at Kikitun a man if oiiid ril mti andi co rmis isatioi sho iai is npullickly atiten cii a Coiiirt dail at thit Ciirt I nst iliiir by iitne Captain Armstiad inii his Son, who came Off thyli iinch to jmsi with his Father in hlatini the said Wallace, \hito cimiplainilli of tlihi use to his IEscellcncy wass put by lio hii-t' in words ihe slhenwl somie ainger mageiist thei sail Armsnitlad and ti llratiiint d ai t first lie wiulul mmake himii an iiiplic-uptnii a tidliiuis chiargable law suit which prmoved si iroutlesimi io he said Wallaci that hie was aiin to make ain agr c-imnient to get iut iif baIl 1usiniss that ihe saw aftir muchi and charge wr ild coie to litle t ii niothing. \\tness likewise NP. I issiau, Mi. I Ioyle, MP. 35 [1697. Monroe, M'. (Gorilon, who ihad their Chitirch Doors shut against theml by some of their I'arishiioners and tihat wiithout etf IItual ri5rcss when they complainei'd, 6. My Lord IBishop of ILondon's authority rsiding tlhere in his commissary is notoriously ditipised andu undlervIalued. The said commissary having been called before the Governor and Council and restrained from proccedinig againSt several enormites tha.t do pIlainly belong to the ecclesiaistical jurisdiction, such as incestuouos marriaoes and lt lik, xwhich being taken out of their hands, aiil ormdered to be prosecutid bc flire thie Civil Courts wiere there so slightly hianidledl that they escapl)d.u miconiitmnldd. Nay so jS 'alous is the;Goveriiori of the said Coinnissrai's oeek(ilinm ini any thin ii tiat if any vestry made their apple ition to lim uponi occaision of any scandl concernin thiir iiiiiistcr or ainy Oti diffi i l iceC lii iii iil n111 and liii, ii I ic i re to i e replriio m liald d lfr it sio that minow bith miniiisti rs and ciintry iiii IIS ii!ie 3that there is In s 1 i etl i wa to lose tn (,mix icniirs a iivuiir tihan bs nak it ji aly appmli atiiii tio tihe hismp of Lndon's cimii li s uiinssar. 7. Never x rc thii Gl lbes tl l it 1 ii kn d, iI to the miniisters bi )I-- this "m-cl-rnmenit, Thus the(- Vcstry of I ercwithhlwkd the- dclwh from M r. Rodinson flhcir min11istcr tcHllin lhim the lhwe belon cd (d riýýht to imm, hut n in1 -uhwictcl dministr;Iiml it thi sa:u i i ut vxiii ii itux t m wmuii niveir halii m inductlcd miiiiisier (Lii it is oblls ival f elm ire th t the vcstrys- arti l it Iy the G;iii moiiient at libirty i n ti ht ciis all xi r thli Country tliire i fligi hi ut li 4) r 4 in u t"I m11'nistcrs In all Virt'inila which imtkcs dhcir cmnditimi and stbi),I1 t(Itce SO iWC e 1arious). And thi qum,"Aimn (f' dhc lcb hc In" rc t(rrc'd to the Governor aniI (omincil tlii t (,fiis f to give their opinit n I n it. Arid so thi parish, well understandini thi itmeatmin' of this and what may thliy ihi, kieps te said Robinsonm out of the tlibe io this I 1y 1i e\iiixamp1ii which Iitf -li i (anif thn i In all liki hilood it shaill) will b i very inm'i riiotis to all the ministtes of the country. I sayi it is vx ry liik ly it shall, for i iti is c hi ll y bu// (d itnto the uiopl' s iars that tiiiy iimuist iiiot encouirae the covitiousness if the Clergxy, nor be priest ritdlen, othirwise iiy sliall soon have a Hishi p with a salary to be raised by the Coontry and tytlim s which the Church Gm veiirnicont will allow. 8 It is obs-rvaaile that the assembly in I 6o, which p;ss't tlie bill for aug mnentatimi of the Clrigy's salaries a sixth p'irt more than foriirly they hii been, was very quickly afterwiard dissolved;x witig niiie of his lixcillency's friends and as not understandinu" the Interests of the Country. But the 169 7. 36 assembly in i6'. which insteatd of doing something in favour and for the. relief of the Clergy as they were conmmandled by the K1%ing's letter, di1d express in their address to the Governor on that stibject at bitter disaffection to the Clergy, were c.ontinuedl and had the hionour to 1he the first assemnbly that was prorogiicd (luring this G overnment. When our late bllessed )ICQuee's (leath wvas known all ovecr the Country not only by lirisite letters from friends in England but by all the public Papers, whereby the certain nesws of it could be cairried thitl r, v, the G us z(ttes, the votesof the I 0IS seOf' (ommn161s, the p~rints d sdd1(r(S s- s of' tlt( twso houses to his Majesty u1)00 thic saiid occasion swith his Ma-jestx in55swer tlceo, ao 5(1 the nmontlily Mercury, all which were shiewed to his ( \( lblc' ocxxt the ministers were cutuips I to) continme still their pl~c praiyers fot tht( ( ueen as formerly, and Mlr. Hlior the Minimster oif Jaimes City is wsi'sas not suffered tu read prayrs, siloriby not only their conscenece scerc isnaod bruInt a most Odi ous Cliai ac tn (4o their I ersi is and offmut %svis es ry whr ispre.I al u rad asif they-ý Ws'Xld comply wvith any thing in odclo icsic to iuthority thu' never so inconsistenst xi ithi truth itnh relig lon. lThosi thait arc most in hok FxI 'renex''s favour are thiose thcit are k-now)n to have no k-indness fo(r theClig as Co. By'rd, Cap" Rand )II i, Attorii'ty' Geimeral, who in) a gre-at asseml lvmde a lr)pOlii itIion that myi ILord IBishup o)f I.iinlmi's anutho ritsy shouild lie snspeisded by' law, aind iio Comiiiimssary if' his- sn tie(red to act. A it-tie Account o~f a C Vonference at Lambe't/, DCC. 27 1 697. I _N ' EIt Ci Uii 1T 0 It IE 8. T..'ii xim %s, I (' AcesIi inti i~i' in, CANi:kI i Uc' Ys. L..1 hcNks, L" hhismir( itF 1(NOO(N. NP.. M.JIsiN loverI. P/,.... him.I.BLIiR L. My Lorid, it is late (upon which ID1. hI uttton anid ID'. Woodwiardh understanding miy Lil of I..oisdcsn)I had business with tine Archibishiop, rose uip 37 [1697 - and took their leave, the'n the Archbishop, ordered the lDoor to be shut and lbegunl thuls): C. 1 suppose wve all understand for what b~usiness we are mnet. I am sorry to tecar of the differences in Virginia I hope now ye will freely, discourse the nmatter, 14'. MY Lord, I understand Mr. Bllair htas accused S" Ldnimiid Andros to Your Garace- and to my Lord of Londlon concerning several things relating to the College of' Virginia and theref'ore I beg that hie miay now repeat whatsoever hie has to say cf that nature and that hie may (1o it Article lby Article, that so I may make at distinct answser. By this means your G.,r tce will see on Which sick inntoc niec lies..C -1Naiy I must sak this fur Mr. Illaor that stie lias niot icciisedi Sir Edmiund nor no othe r prson to Mie. I had lit srd tl~it ho( iliscoiira'-ye d the C()I lege long~l be(fo(re Ar.I Illair caine iiver. If I r ememiner ni -it, tlie first tune I hecard it was uiponi oc cailoii of M _S ahye I cvit for hei ii somePWhat concernecd in that, 1 did iftien tailk Nvitlo one, M'. Wa r, in itf the executors, who wani a very liottist nittn snil a gýreat svell-wisltc r tci tlu C olli ci of' Virginit, iand of-fer rni advicet thait soini consilerahlhe part of' it miii'lii b), appIliedi toi that College( and lie tioId rue the cliiif 1 ~joccionl to thiat %vais thait the ( oveiitoi of' V~ri cciii dlcolsinrage).d the. Colltc '~In hii wa i s afiraid it ititlil coitie tonti iitligii I can-i not cli'that Mru. Bllair ha s tille 16t siii of' ii heiise riiaiiirn; ut iIt ias 1)-- i tioce, itl ansvcer'iiig- djC(,Isi'tiiiiis it~iisiiit hiint'elt thin iii accusing ýiiuy h ul atdl thierefioce I would (Icir hilin inl tie first plaito to liustier those iiob i ) s(t(ins tha t have lcicen acfe ag-aiiisi finii tti c of' \\ Inc Ii I do it I iscsiit reiciii iiwii )net in, that lie tia; fillccl thc Church indI tlii ( uilli,- i itli SoWcitlnir nd tiii iufi orceci to nulsec a iiaiioii il f ictiiin by tic naiiii of the, Po iiii fts. IThe other is that fit, has miisapfpdlie in(! t ii titadl-c ciIoawa the inloitsý thc ii sholdii hate gone. to theliii ludift i if- the Gdc 1I"ci S11 ussWia"t ye have ti sayN agalintst himi upion thes or iiany otltir scil i- Itin, aitil le.,t inc( Iir IIhI's ýinsiti is. lit XI, I\ ioiif foir the first, I siililosc Ml. Blalir \III ill dii cny that hec has brciii i lit in several f hits cunitttry iiti a. liii itii(Nceillý itty I I cI iaiiiit blilae hintnt IiCI iii this, thl ii i it iii if i s a cIrcoit noise ill tlI, ( t'ittiti and inchhy ace a Siiit if dii inti lii ittiihh siiie li aiiciicii t thiehiiin of- dii ir salaric s vithi is tic Ii itli( XMioi~ti is weevery Wte1 ciiiiti i if unwit ls, inch thly ace fri iliii iths ti on hhiii thle G~overnocr aund thelcc I ii of'I Pil.t cusns wi d their pc iitiiitoii thi dit scih~cc t 1697.] 38 IM. My ILord, this is quite a new thing to mte that M'. Byrd tells me ofthe Scotch Ninistcrs tr(iling tie G(overnor or I iomse if lhnrgesses with Pctitions about thirir Sailarics. I dIcsirc him to inistanicc if) anlY OneC p)titionl of titt il:Aturi, ir I ktowv tooe. It is troe there was a ptition preseitcd to the l\'ei'itori by the Clerey iII eeoai at otie of heir hetiiis, hut that ietition wA" sih.ve by all the Ic n si as well as tll Scot Ich clerg t hat were prisilt, And sIlty it shmiti hre liid particuilarly (I> the Scttch Millisters is oily to distitll ith t1t11 withi i t mark of t 111 i it, Illy I rd, I desire to ktov what iII thits ti Sioth II NI nisti rs have doit th 1 nid wlhether I have suippmrt id any of thu m ii III any iII thuig. i Miy ILd I i, cause N1I. ityrd is noIt so iwell acquaitted writh the Minutes of the oc il t, I liav e that I may answt r N. Comiimliissary who desi csc Instances oft Sctiict Mi iisters who ihave doe ill thii s. I tint, I. I rd, there is ile NP. (ret' that was guilty iif Sodouimy and utile I'. I)ovtey that his 'arish ctmiplained f 'and one Ni'. NitInroc - i/. Sit-, That is ouir iiistake. i'. (irt' s' wis ian Fn oglish manit and N. Do)ity is iii1 Itlisi iiia an1t wshat yi havet to say to NWi, NI iiiioe I cannit Itiagitie fur I takc 1i1 1() 1w as vni i a Man Is aly wse have iII thi G l I IC I S'y. P Thin I am tisiak ii for I thought Gr( rg and iil'imy tit lii Scit(hi tattits. C( TItre is ttothinit as ii is I sei iin all this, for it seeis 11this (;Greg, the mitii. scatidait is of tall, iwas ai l i'l toishiianti. lut calit nye saýy anything o f alty scandaltus Scutichan thai M'.t NI Il ii has broighlit in and suplorts. I e. Ycs, Niy Ltrd, thirt is sou NI. (irtii, a Setuchiai, wtii Ni. flair hvimsef has mcd to mlie to be aliIll ian and oe thAt I mtyselif have sUeCi 1 )irunk, and several others, foi- tie is an habitual I )rnikard. PI/. Ni y Lord, I contess this WI. Gordoun is a Man of very ill falle but sure nobody ittll,ay that I brought hitu into the Country i -tr do in the least sup1prt timt. I ls was in the Cointry before tic, for uight I knows; I ant sure he was ill it somui timu eiuure I was in office there - aid I havt iren so far from supporting that lti is the only NMan at whose Church I inade a visitation on accmittt of tin Nlinister's Scandal. My Lord, thitir are some I iundreds oif Witrii'sses iit. I stnis that swere Presciit at that visoition (or it was as publick and sol i1m as I couid make it), and, My Lord, Iiire is it( Gentleimien (uninting to NM. I larris'i), that happtened to be thirel. Th can all bear one witness that I ui1d all that ever I could to have that Nlan tntied out. 3ttIt 39 1697.] Idrunkenness 1eing hard to prove andil th witness tes mltctinng an(I cxtnliting thev mattcr 'ind( his vcstry appfearing ill a bod - pctfflonin.g, that thrir Mink.tey m11ihtt llot be tak-nli from themn, I cmild not 1' )r the hicart of mc, rxcept I wtit\ll havie Loellce contrtary to the ati//l /l l la and ýbta 1thlrow him1, But -11the tleopl were stttsille I was not I )kward, if I cihl has, <lone it. Now, Mv I mrd, I wotiti Ctilt know \\itat atvIl mattl It ts r ct'iru I'tttt'tt; ccotiul IhI e dotte (tore, so that, My I ord, there is not thc Itast prtot o my sipplorting att of dthet in atv ill thin". For thline bIeitt stite Sct bc Miniieters in tile Cottttrv, wwhat is that to mie, 'My Lord? It Is not I that prov'le Iitistirs fir the Country. If thlty bring r me my Lord Ilishop1 of ILondon's Iic1ense atid lbehave thellselves 1well in the Countrtt it is not tit\ part to Iquarrel withl tlhett only bIecialse tlthy are Scotcmtrtt n. L- My Lord, whvateva r thtre is it this, I must take it upon ite. YoItr Grace knows tliei cirlcultstanctlis of thi poor Men ill tlinir owni Country, andt I must coonless I tlhtiiulhtt it >oth C tharity to thl Mentiiianl Ilt it twas a pice of good service to tlheA pl.otations, to send thtm thithittr, Awl I thlink it unkitlly lonot in Sir IAttuniitid Andros tio make a ntist l ahit this, for I wrotte 1tiiii Mi htci'tiiit of all that I si it and told him the Chaiactirs I had ofi thin, (t1(1l toldl littt if aill\ i)fI th itll did noit htllaveIi himts l wcill, lit stoI til Ie as (easily turied iit a- citr li had bieei pnit int. I It makes toe Itti rtturns ti this blut rakics I c`laimo r a; ins;I t thusc Mcii m1 ly (m Accmllt 4f tllh-ir* colintry. C \ know thire art some oit the list ntit oft that Country that are not permlittcd acccssý to the M1inistrv ill tht.;r mvn Cuty t/. I cioittt ss, NIs IL d, I wais vr tit u illinti to take a Scotch S(h1IltlmIastcr if I could havc heolp-1n it. I spok( to all tht IIshop; with wimn I had the I lonor to he acquaintcd, to hlvp nic to I good Egli1 Schoolimastcr and pr ticularly I spokelt to your o rac Yo t i was thn lislitp (I Litcoli, and I put 04f providinlg"- mne till the la1"t monh-so that I was like to '-() withmt onec~-- and then I took it Scotchman-Il. Buit, th'alk C'ml, he is mn. that is wilthout (.xccptionl. I hopc hs G-entlemen1 Nwat d1cny that. I m1adc a vury wmod choiCVt Pt'. Mv Lord, the Schoolhasttr, Mr. IntilIs, is t vtry V oluld sclitotiniast r. I le has tiade several giood scholars and I bIhlieve all pillplt ar vtrc Nc leyse with hiu1. C That is v ry well. I conftss I have towh to tI ttod t tind Schlt (IlIInastrs for mil own schootls aind I ait very plad ye -are s( well proviledl. WeIll I tlithink we have eicard enouiglh on this subject. 1697.1 40 f1i1. Mdy I oril, I titfcss a14 I Said ill the( )eginning that I see no jtlst Kino iid oit' aiv at 'istoi io agailist Mr. B lair on this acctin iti P~ I knwIt it Vcry ha.1o thingu to liermiaile t'id ion to go over intot the Plilintat iiis, I Ott IIc,IS it 1, a i id to tme that such at NI an as MIr. Coinniissa ry BlHair wcntt thit her and I think Mly L ord i)t I onilo doecs mighty well to scind several of, the FLisseytal Scotch Cle-rgy thither. fit' NIy Lo)rd, ats to tlhe secondi poinit, the thinig. we have to say againist Mr, Illair is this, that lie hias taken Yearly the llreiIenttts Salary /1 i50 a Year. TIhe first year Indeed, lie took hut,f too which wvas cottscieittioti5, but after that, hie hias takinti the whlole 61 So. Now, miy Lord, by the. charter thte whole! Reventue, the Icily at Ilolilial otd everything else, is to go towards the buildling and to rnisluing', till the tolluge is finishied anid then it is to be transferred to the President anid Nlasters. Hit in the mecan tittie the(,y are to have nothing. M1. NI'M lordr, mny answer to this shall be very short. 'IMr. Blyrd says5 the whole revenueis arc by tlte Charter toi go solely towards Building. lThis I positively dleiy. For there is nothini(Y but tlte really nionoie, Viz:i8 14' Iio which was ap11)iliitcd to Ibe applied solel-'y towards thle bulildilng-. But all the reýst viz: thu(.: lutity a pounduu, the Land, till the Siirveyo)'lr (;m cral's plice is to gut tot't all otlier isi1c of' the: College(, till it is zituallyN foMilill'd, i'rectcell a1ti1( esitI lisltu a. 1 rieti~larl y, thte word foli ill i, wii Ii altwayiiu~s tie Law \Vo)r~l fo(r a lll''llltlial 11111 if, untilitetaiane, is always lilt iliii iliic a k"esenits. Anil tidied~)1, ityI urd, liy, lie- t )rdecr l)I* Couiincil upiwhich1111 tlti Chlarter Wats lo e I rawl, it apill s thait the( Re.venit cs were g ) isiits,il )I. thu 1i'lainte Of the 'Ireastiry, wh'oi lielplil to draw the( Charter ili iht. at 10 i tiit wec were Ontly' tot have at I ri'sib'itt lanl a ( ranittiat Scliolhdiastlr iaid ani she' aliti that tu icir salai'iis cam( ulilit, tot 2z So a yea' and that we iii iic to lrmii dae atni iay the profusuut')s of I'llll~lyand I )is'iliiyit'as we'( sliiiiild have 01 ccasion fu(r thteim, lie starti'il this owtil itl. "WhVlat'" says lt ie ' iftlii lii111 thiS Ill llitlul should aiiii in itt to t oxopou1ndils pcr anniumii? If' you r lrcsiile it aind NIasti' is at hiresrilt, are. Oinly' to have 280 poundiiis, whiat shiall buiconiti of' the rest? For if' inl the charter it be givenl olyl) for the ntainttenlance of the President, atid Nliisters atnd y'et. di ise lrleitatid Nhaste.rs are to) have nit 280 1iMiiiids, the (Iverpluhis bei hg apphroplriated to til usec, )'e will be in clanget' ot' losiniig it ag-ain if this conies to lie ohiservedl. And therefore"' ctntiiiild lie, "I think you had better give a powerVC to the Governors Of your College,.( to bestow this itioney 41 (I 6o jo not only for maintenance of President and NIasters but for biilding, fitrnish. ing, bityintg bks, oit any (other use.abo1t the College, I liked this mlotioin and accordingly theli Charter %sN'; drawn gtiving tIheti poweI r to putt thisc Revcnitts to all uses 55'whatsolver about,( the College till it should hIe actiall)y creled, founded, andt establlislcd, but so that still thile chllargs of founding tihe College consisting of a President and six Masters were actually included. And for this I applcal to the Charter. By. Lord, N'. Blair refers himself to the Charter. I ere is an Enilislh copy of it. Pray give me leave to read this pIart about the King's gift of the Reveinues. F/. Pray then read it distinctly-the ready money gift and all-that the different uses between that and the gift of the revenues may alppear. For that's to be applied solely to the building, and the other Revenues to all uses whatsoever till it is actually erected and founded. Upon this NP. Byrd began to read the gift of a penny a pound and J'. Blair prayed hinm to begin a little before that at the gift of the ready money. Then the Arch lishop said: C. I pirccive it will take a long tine to read antd examine the Charter and toy IiiLori of London is inll haste. But tray let me know (me thinig, which I have heard so thliin ig of, that is, I htcbn told, that the Gov'ernior of tlhe Coll(ege oblligel NP. l111ir to (luit aI Living that he had at some considerable distaice anId to come i and attend the bliiinIi ss (f the College. If so tlihey couil not cxlict bitt hle tuMSt have salairy. Pray, Sir, (to NI. Blair), tell its in short Ions that was. M/. Ny Iord, after the general Asseiibly 1) of Virginiia hadl chosen imnc pr'sidcti of the College, accoroldinglv I was named first iiisidiiInt inl the Chlrter in worls of thle prisnit tense aind as ample wints as the law allOrds 1'or giving altt imati a good tide to ott1' place. I But thl' I h11d the Right ani I TiHi to the ti-esidcnt's salary which the samte getneral Assltmlily had settled at t so a year, yet I tholliuglit in giood cornscience I was biindtl t) toake none of it till I camlle to give attenldance andl do the duty Of a president. I pursIicUiance if this at the very first Nlceting of tIle Governors of the Coll.ege ill Virginia, I gave some Acciunt of toy Negotiation ill EInglandl and prndlucid the Clharter, and after it was read I toldl them, " Gentlemen, ye see I anti here taile presildent of thile College, which was not done till after the (;General Assembly had slett ile an account of their unanimous Election of mnc. But, gentlemen, tho' I;am president yet if you think the business of the President unnecessary at pres 1697.] 42 ent, I have a good! plantation and a good Living where I am-up at I lenrico -an;d I am inducted into it. I will stay there amn noittt t ymouo to on farthing char g till you sdill say the attendance of a lresident is necessary at the (Colleg. Whereupon, Iy Lord, there was a free debate upon the subje.ct anti they agreted upon this, that since I had had all t the roublie of managing the business of the College both in Virginia and in lngland, if I was not at the head of it they were afraid it would still come to nothing and therefore voted that I should presently leave my Parish and remove myself to the place where the College should be built and carry it on with all diligence. Accordingly my Lord I gave up my Induction and as soon as I could get an house to live in, I removed to the place appointed for tihe building of the College and have ever since given all due attendance upon the business of it and indeed my Lord as before I had the right so now I thought I had likewise Equity and good conscience on my side for taking my Salary. The first Year indeed, about 4 or 5 months being lapsed before 1 could get to this place, I gave down ~5o of my salary, but ever since, I think, on account of tmy Residence and attendance on the business I have right to the whlole 150 pound. Thus was the Salary settled by the general Assembly, and how I, or even the Governors of tlhe College whlo are only Trustees, can alter it or lessen it with a good conscience, I do not understand. C( If this be the case, it is no more than I or any other person should have done. /ly. My Lord, this is tlihe reason men give for not paying thieir subscriptions. Tlhey say tthey won't give their Money to make a Salary for the President. 1/. My Lord, this is a very strange reason, for there was always a distinct account kept both of the King's money gift and of all tle subscriptions, for all these went solely to the building, there was never one ipenny taken of them for Salaries. The Salaries were still paid out of the Revenue and what was of the Revenue over and above the Salaries was thrown into the Building too. 11. My Lord, I can give Your Grace an account of the reason they gave for not paying their Subscriptions, for after Col. I iartwell left Virginia, 1, being a well wisher to the College and living convenient, was desired to collect the subscriptions of York County. I came to one Man who was a Justice of the peace and asked him for his Subscription. He answered me that he would 43 [1697. pay when Secretary \Vormh'ey paid, '['li triue reasoti, my L ord, why oilier's do nit tay is ttecaiist Olti gi't'at tmtetn tinot pay'. P' My 1,ottI, I tlliiiik.1 ivr, is ill 11w1 itvasii ii thr witrtld NW. [flair sliitiuld have Ilki Sotlary. It is but a niiien rteward fotr lie 'siram-i'"Iiiry si'he 1.1-i fakiti. I tilt if* the Cf(.t lkg i ito' itliats"o- 11ii'r iiig-hii htetio i wily 61tiith1 to ituki tipi a Salary fo(r Nil. Blairi. I Itthire is iii unre ltilitt d itItia yc.tr Ortle red for htim as Ctiiuio1issary nout of' ih li: uit rents. 'lThe 'Trtasuiry would never settle it hut Irttii year to year, and I doiiht it. has henill piaid, Now, moy' Lord, it hail heten as easy a matter to have got /200 a Year for that uise as one. Bt'. My' Lord, Mr, lllair'x5 taking this Salary has certainly madte a gireat noese in the Country aiid it is against the Charter which applie~s dll to ihe Ihuilding iill all is finishied and then it is to he transferred to thi p residet i and Masters. P/!. My1) Lord, here is their E~rror.,'They confound twvo things thait ar e q[uite dliffereint, viz:the paying iof the Master's Salaries, called in the ili rti-, thi., Foti ding, the president and Masters, and the transferring, wivtali is tlie yie ding tih if' the '[rust to them. For the payinig their Salaries tll(it i is no doubiht they must do that ats Soion as thecy set uil the men. ()tlcit n x ttity tCOtit il~ i I.Inh~ h chioiltuaster nioinure thtan tot, fir this liji, Mitii sti rkes s'' iinsilt him and all (others thecy may taxie in tiiltC as wiAl Ias a -1'at list m1C. [11it tlit i trasfeCrring is tilt till the whole erection anid fOtitndliti andl estatllistini-ii i is (iii:r and it is sit h itst i in thle Charter tlti first prti t stit and Mlastt'rs may' it' '-,out' aini nay taxi, suetsstors by that tilicit. C.tWcH I ilthink we have litar(i enoug of,~ I tf'Ihis. I w' sit vi' woutldh inicti Pv 'i' [lit N'I v Lotrd, I miust, dtesi it, NI'. lllai r tot say wvhat he, hais tol sa ag tilist Sit I dintind Antdros ahotit his obistrtucting the hbusiness of' lt'e Cotl/t! NMy ILord, it is a [tretty htarid task for toe who am a sitljetit of* Virg'inia to say' anything that may look like an accuisation of Sir ELiuotnil Androts, the [present Governoir. Ihtt I think it is ily' iduty to actquainit you r I race with ilie had state of' the affairs of the Colleget and shall lease it to Yitur Grace to jUdge whlethier Sir Ldimitod Andros is the, root of all or not. I shiall begin wvithi the hbisinuess otf the, Suthscriptions towarids thie buiildinig. \Whcn Governor Nicholson left the Governmniit of Virginia, thlere were suth 1697.] 44 scriptions for near b3000. In that Gentleman's time there has not been a sublscription for 1e pfcony. O(f the(! 30)O POlInd SIubscription thelre is conme il but khout SX)i and soml ohl odpoinds iTe TcPersois that sitail out are the 1Co 1 ild 1411c(lt Men lwho h;ave places of profit ait pref*4,ronnt ilnder Sir l"Adilal uhd i itis kvsiry obaiýrblc 11at tilt paymnlits iwIlichl have been made hIve btin nmit. c(l hitlly by sich peoplc who livid rillote from those (oiClllor-i and G( eat Men pa.itularly tho south s;t. of aones Rivii whert thrto ik l4t Couucillor. Tlhr: ili hioplh have tenerally poid, hut il the lest of do' Col(ntry xc ipt it lb lihre and th1111re a Z/alouis manO for tile Cot ug.e, they gellnerally stanid out anid refuse to pay. Not onliy so, My Lord, but the (Governlor of the Ctilliige presented a Bill to tlhe general assembly for facilitating the paylniLti of thte Subscriptions towards the builting of the College, and because the King liaol sometimle before written a Gracious letter to tile Governor commandingli hini to carry on the work of the College and to remove the obstructions of it they thoughlt it was the Ibest way to lot it in first to the Upper I louse, viz thile Council upon whom the Governor has a more imlmeliate influence. But, my Lord, we found no effects of the King's Letter at that time, for tlese (Gentlemen, in presence of the Governor, fell a lquarrelling with the lill andi at first foundl fault with several Imatters of the formni and wording of it; ibut whlien all icese were miended, that they could object nothingii of formll, then tlley very uintfirlv thirew out tile lill without so mullchi as giving it a hazard in thi.. I bouse of 11rgesses. The noise cof this made pleople more oblstinate in refulising their lpayments tlhan ever. So that, ni Lord, with much ado we have got the roof oii but half of thle liiliing, thile otther halfl we have not meddled with, and how we shall finish what we have built I cannot tell. Bll. Please to go on, Sir, and I will answer all at once. /. My Lordl, I come nlest to the Land the King was pleasedl to give uis. Ile gave us 2o,pxo Acres of Landl in two several 'Tracts, viz: I o,ooo acres in each tract. These two tracts of land had been kept shut up from thle first sealing of Virginia till that timne which made thle Gilt so much lmore valuable to is. For, there being such a great range for Stocks, ablundlance of PIeoplle were desirous to seat there; and so the College might have had Tenants enough had tihey been so kept. But up11on0 thIle Grant of this Land to the Coll:ge, Sir Edmund Andros opened those tracts to all mankind so that we could have no Tenants, since every Man was free to take Land in fee in the same place. Not only so, but he signed Patents for mighty large quantities of 45 DI 697. Land to several of his creatures in the same places, tho' in the College Charter it was expressly proviled that we should have the first choice, and illegal pretni ders were so encmi rapid that they caine vTi c/ otris when we w(ent to srvey tlie landsI at n bke (ir chain and car riel away the Sorvyors oInsti-i milt s sI that by 1ia1 th ire wereare kpit out aol can't cont to the istsessiton of the I anl the 1 ingae K ing its to this day. Plv, I Live ymi any mori to sty, sir? /i/ /. inYs Sir, a reat deal mIori, It'. Pray got oin then (in the ineantimeni., iByrcl and MN, Povey tiok Notes). 1M. My Lord, I shall speak next of the Revenue of the penny per pound which is the chief thing we have to subsist upon. And as to this, My Lord, I shall only observe that since that Revenue was bestowed on the College, it is sunk in Virginia at least one-half of what I can prove by the Custom house books it always amounted to formerly. For, my Lord, since that time several collectors have not given us an account of one pound of lTobacco expuorted out of their precincts, particularly Secretary Wormley and Colonel Park, a thing that was never known before. Not that there is less Tobacco exp nrted now than was formerly, For Maryland which formerly did not export so much as half the ipropolrtion of what Virringia exporteil of tile Ipentny iper pound Tolbacco does now iay t ta good managery of the Governor give Us an account of near as much again as Virginia dotlih. In slhort, my Imirdl, I cannot but tlhink tihe Collectors of Virginia are enicouraged to mistmanage this Revenue, and that the design is to starve us out that we shall not be able to subsist..lv. I lave you done now, Sir? P1. No, Inot yet, Sir. Bv. Go on, then. 1/. My Lord, we are put to strange difficulties in the Government of the College, for Iby the Constitution the fiull nunmbter of Governors is 40, and by), the Charter tli:here must be Ipresent a Major part of thle whole before we can make a meeting or do business. Now, My ILorcl, the (G;overnor has several friends anid favorites among these men, but not so manny as to carry a vote in;any full mineeting, and therefore they play anothelr sort of game; that is, they generally chuse to absent themselves that so if any one tir tvwo of the rest be absent by Sickness or bad weather or necessary IBusiness we can make no Meeting at all. It has often happened, mIy Lord, that we have been 1697-J 46 Inet nowc or ten, and have wantedi perhaps one or two of the Major part, and of tlilese the G"overnor of Maryland, has come 1 50 miles to make onle. In titis case, toy, I.'rd, sve have sent expresses to one( or twoi of the nearest of these Gontitlell(ii, anld have, rejiresentedi to themn how we juist waoted one or two to make a nulmber, and therefore hetý,,,d their-t Coipn1 ay to a 0(11' day to which we- adjou riled t hi illeetini.ý, hot all Iln vain. Theiy Wo~ldli ot budI(gec, and we have iiitii lle(:essitateil often to go away without doing- ally ui~licis'~.s Miy Lorul, if' thlis hail happi citd lilt once or twice it 0'liult lie S0InIc lu(Tess~u ry I ulsilliss that occasioned11 tleicir ii seilce, buiit wliclul it ks alway s the sauitue soit ofi 111( it is pey laini that this (a.ll lie il(tlin g- blit a 1aiii (Ili ig iue to ohstroct and hinder the husiness and mieetings ouf the Colli."e, Brj. Sir, I hopule yoii have done now. BM. Sir, I shall saly hUt Ollt thing more of thle Col(oI c. Fo~r tite Clergy, you kinow, I have not saidita woril, anid it is this: My ILord, the( frienils of the College are tiem len that are marked out to he frowned upon and discountenianced i pon all occasions. If there he any favors ti) he (lesiri d froml the Government, thley are to expect none of them. If tihey bc lls)yers, they Shall li- disccalraged ill tileir piractice at the har;if 'Minlisters, every troiihlesome Mlan inl thle parishl sihall lie cilcolraged to make theln uneasy;if liii gesses are to he choseni for tile (;nurad Assemhlv, all thlt Inlteresl thie (; mitnciltt can make shall lie nladc to keep t hem out;if' places of TPru st r iriofit are to it liesiowed, thecy sI all have nuille of themll if* they have allv 1 ai stiilt, thecy Shall lie gent r-ally' ill thle wrV";u aini, ill Shiorit, liliilll( ng;hall rccoimimend a Mail sou the favor of the t -cov enrtii moiinre than if' he he a Zealous I'llcemy oif the Cullcgec. 'Vi'le (Governior of Maryland, wvho is ou r miore active friend, has lieeii used harailioitsly and how strangelx' I have hei llallili' is an itlnacciiii n1Itatliig I last beliei twice siispeltdu'd froml thle Couni l I ll enldeaVi is hav ecitc uised to dcpiv riseme of' miy salary as I resident of t~le Colleg,-e, land tol tiirn illl oilt of a little parish I have there, toi that degree that (ltr have heenl inadi- to the vestry to find them a MNI ister gratis if thecy woulidi mnake ito Iii clhe11r areuitw ithincm. Aitil. evein sincit I came Lias, from Vin\ glillia, hec has callecl two ) or tlirei-( Vestries, andl enileavored all that ever lie cMiold to torn me1 Lilt. BI ht tile MIajoir hart of the Vestry hove heen myl) friendis soi that lit Could flot yet coinpass it. Ilt shiort, myl) Lord, I amn afraid tilt friends of thet College- wvill lie so tired OmIt With Ill ulsa(m tltat they' will itot ht ahle to tlold ou1t 1ittuelt hiiitgr, aind that all will go as fast hackward inl tile 47 [1697. matters of the College as ever it went forward in Governor Nicholson's time. Bi'. Sir, you have done now. P/. Sir, I have done what I designed to say of the College, but I have a great deal more to say of the bad circumstanccs of the Clergy. By. That is another subject. C IBut it hangs all in a string. You see he's endeavoring to turn M'. Blair out of his parish. This seems to ime a very strange way they have there that their Ministers are not inlucted, but may be re(mov(l like domestic Servants by a Vote of the Vestry. WVho would be a Minister in that Country? By. My Lord, I confess this is very hard upon the Ministers, but this is none of the Governor's fault, for by the law of that Country it is the part of the vestry to present, and then the Governor is to induct. Now, my Lord, the Vestry (loes not present and therefore the Governor cannot induct. BI. My Lord, it is true what M'. Byrd says that the Vestry in that Country are the Patrons, and they are to present, and the Governor, by the King's instructions, is ordinary as to Inductions. But your Grace knows that if a patron fails of presenting, so many months, then the right of presentation for that timnie devolves upon the Ordinary, so that it is really in the Governor's power to make tpresentations jure dW'/lu/o, which lie never does, and that is the reason the Ministers are left in such preccarious circumstances. Iy. MIy Ilord, there is a great differetnce between a patro n in ngland and a Vestry in Virginia, antd a Vestry cannot lapse tlheir righlt of presentation as a patron nay. C Pardon me, it is thle very same thing, and we have several Societies of people hIere in England thlat have tlhe right of presentation, and if tlhey do not inmake use of it wvithin six months, thle Ordinary presetscs juIrI Ievol/o, ill. My Lord, it sects to be a very unreasonable thing that the Ministcrs should be on sucLt precarious circumstances. lBut, my ILord, I wish your Grace would enrquirc whlethcer it was not always so before Sir Edtmund Antdros's time. C Did they before Ihis tinte rctmovc Ministers by a vote of the Vestry? B". MIy Lorel, Before Ihis tine I never Iheard of a mtinistrc involuntarily retnovedl withoit arn accusation of hini to tlhe Goerncor as Guilty of some critme. Sotmictimics, indeed, the Minister beintg unwilling to stand a Trial coni: seinted to the leaving of then. But I never heard till Sir Edmund Andros's 1697.] 48 time, that withliout an accusation a Minister was turned out against his will, purely by a vote of the Vestry.?r. And who' has been to rned out in that fashion in Sir -dmund Andros's tine? NW, I)oyley, you'll say. I/. Yes, NI, I)oyley is one plain instance. By. My Lord, I ter' is an extract out of the Minutes of Council by which it appears that NI'. I)oyley quit his parish volutntarily. For bieing interrogated such a I)ay if he desired to continue MinIister of that )Parish he answered, No. L. Both might be true, both that the Vestry turned him out, and that lihe afterwards considering how unkindly they had used him, did not ldesire to return to them. B!. I am very sure he was turned out by the Vestry, and against his own will, for he presented a petition to the Governor and Council complaining of it. II. '. Eburn, too, was turned out of Middle plantation by the Governor's own creatures, and this I have reason to know, for it is the Iparish where I myself live. BR. By. what creatures? By Col. Park? I. Yes; and by Colonel Jennings. C. It inust be a very Iperticious thing. A minister will not know how to preach against any Vice, but some of the Great Men of his parish may fancy the Sermon was made against him, and so make a faction to turn out tilhe Minister, though pierhaLps the seron was madtle seven years before. Ai. My Lord, I am confident if your Grace will but write to Sir Edmund Andros about t(hese inductions hlie will take care to have that minatter mended.lo Br1. Indeed, my Lord, I dare say Sir Edminund Antlros knows nothlintg of this right he has jure' /:'o/luo, or else hlie would not suffer tihe clergy to be so prcarcois.!/. I am sure I not only put him in mind of it, but gave it him under my ihand and desirred. him to consult Ihis ILawyers about it. ]i,. IBut, Sir, perhapcls he thought not you Lawyer enou(gh that he could depend on your opinion. I1/. 11e either could not or would not. By. I le shliews, himself, upon all occasions, a good friend to the Clergy, and all his Speeches recommend their case to the general Assembly. 49 [1697. 11. It is very strange then that in the year 1693, when the King, by an express letter, ordered him to recommennd the condition of the Clergy in His Majesty's name to the next general Assembly, and when there was an assembly then called, the (. overnor said not one word of this to thmin in his speech, and not only so, but that when the 1 lo lse of Itlrgesses, who were favorable to the Clergy, did of their own accord take the law about the Clergy's Salaries into consideration, and mended it very consilderally for the Clergy's interest, in a hill which they sent up to the Council, and which passed there likewise yet Sir Eldmund Andros dissolved that Assembly without giving his assent to that Bill, which by that means was lost. By. My Lord, it is true that Assembly was favorable to the Clergy. They were then upon a great work, viz: tle revisal of the laws and the amendment of this law about the Clergy was in that revisal. They sat not long enough to go through with it all, so that this law fell among the rest. L. It seems then this Bill about the Clergy was a tacked Bill, and Sir Edmund could not pass it without passing the whole body of the Laws so revised. B/. No, my Lord, it was no tacked Bill, for tho' it came in upon occasion of the revisal of the laws, the whole revisal was not sent up together in one book, but single laws were sent up, 2 or 3 or any other number according as they happened to be dispatched in the I ouse of Bur gesses and the Upper house and the Governor could pass any one of these Iaws without the rest as they pleased. Now this was the case with that Clergy Iill; it passed both Houses, and if the Governor had but given his assent to it, it had been a law to all intents and purposes. But upon his dissolving the Assembly, without giving his assent to the Law, it fell to tle ground. Jl. Did lie assent to any other laws of that revisal. B1. Truly, I cannot tell, for he dissolved thei ass.embly in an Anger. By. This is a very harsh insinuation, as if Sir Edmund had been so angry with the assembly for bettering the law about the Clergy's Salaries that lie dissolved them in anger for that very reason. B/,. No, Sir, I insinuate no such thing as that lie dissolved them for that reason. L. No, NP. Blair has said nothing tio that llpurpose. I believe, indeed, it was an omission in Sir Edmiund, and lie hlas endeavored to get the same Law renewed again, but could never do it. 1697.-1 50 By. This Last assembly, there passed a Law which bettered the Clergy's Salaries. Bi, But that law makes them 13 per cent. worse than this other Law which he refused, C It %was an unhappy thing, but since the whole revisal fet1 we must put the best constru-tction uponl it. MI. MNly Lord, N', IBllair has reason to be concerned for teo College and Clergy, and indeelcd t-hese things leave a heavy load u pon Sir Edmun d, but I hope if your (;race will hear N'. Byrd; he has something to say that will chear him. SWeAll, NI'. IByrd, now if you please Let us hear swhat you have to say to these things. BR. My Lord, I'. Blair has said several things, by which he would make it appear that Sir Edmund has mightily obstructed the business of the College. Now, my Lord, to show the contrary, first of all we prolduce here an extract out of the Council IBooks at a Council after the last Fleet came in, and NI',. Blair was restored to the Council, w\vhich I shall here read. (The Minute of Council he read, was something to this purlIpse; that the Governor acqumainting the Council, that heic hlad been represnteld in EIngland as one that had tramnllld upon the Clergy, andl ruined tlihe College, &c., n,,d NI'. Comnmissary IBlair being particularly interrogated albout this, said he knew nothinag of it, and tlhat thle expressions were very str1ang1e. Tl11( i1 (((nediately the (;.)overnor readL the IB. of Londtlon's I.etter to himi, and slaewedC that it containel thlese explressions.) B/. Is this a Minute taken out of the Council Books? By. Yes, Sir. B/. I amni sure it was never read in Council while I was there. But I suplpose it were true, what is tlhis to the purposei) my saying thIat I knevw nothing of tlhese expressions, and thought them very strange; for 1 took tlhe question to be an accusation of tme, as if I haId wrote hotue tlhese expressions for England to which that answer was pertinent enough. But, my Lord, thIe time is remarkable when it is said that I said the explressions were strange, viz: that it was before I kinew that they were anybody's expressiolns; for it is said tlhat afterwards he read My ILord of ILondon's ILetter, wlerein these exiressions were contained; tIho' my Lord of London's Letter \was not read, but only tIhe Covernor Iretended to rep(eat or recapitulate two or three Lines otat of it. 51 [1697. L. M'. Blair might very well say the expressions were strange; for indeed, my Lord, I wrote very frankly and warmly to Sir Edmund Andros, and, instead of giving me any satisfaction it seems he carriedl my Letter to the Council, and made a noise of it there., C I should have been apt to say myself that the expressions were strange, for it secms the qitostioni was not about tie hsfriendittg or not Iefritnditg the College, but concernitg the softntlws or barshlness of tle xpressions. Pv. ITot, my Lord, hIere is anotlier thing of yet greater weilit. The I 'Nl Governor at a Mleeting of t1e Colle gi, in oposed the question whethier he lhad lbeen an obstructer of the LolIege, and the answer is (here Ite read sonethiing to this purpose--that he tad been so far from being an obstructer tltat lie Ihad been ready and forward upon all occasions to promote thle business of the College). IP. Sure, Sir, that is no extract out of thile College Records.,y. No, mny Lord, this is a Certificate from two of the G;overnors of the College, my father and Captain Randolph. P/. My ILord, if this tad signifted an)ything, it slhoulld have been taken out of the CollIege NIinutes. IBuit I tmust desire your Grace to obiserve in the first place tow tunfair a question this is, which canntot be ansitvercd withliout accusina (-,aGovrnor to his face; and theti thuat instead of'k takiig tfhe antswer out of the proper Record, they otily brin(tg a Certificate from twuo tteti that have a dcepelndence in the (Governor. ty. A dependence, Sir? B1. Yes, Sir, I say a dcleindence. /11. NI y Lord, tlhe (;Governor las no other way to Justify hIiimiself but by the Testimonies of persons that are concerned. 1I. My Lord, I can give your Grace an account of this question that was put to the Governors of thie College, Cur I was tlihen Clerk to the College. A meeting of the;Governoris of the College was called, to chlioose a Rector which they are to do yearly by thltiir Charter. T hey niet in the Governor's G;reat Hall. Before tlihey proceedcc- to tth I Election, thle Governor said lIe was niver waltiting to the College il 1inN theitn', and if atty of thim kriewv any thing to the coitrary, ihesireul themilt to 'ay. No holy stying aty thing, they proccdcd the Ih'lection of the Rector, and I wrote nothtitig at all dovn of this, taking it to bh only somuitt y discourse. After thue Rector was chosen, I began tde Nlinutes of tte day wvithi n uiiaccint of thut 'lectioui, and so wint 1697.] 52 on to otiher hbsiness that was (lone. The Governor and Secretary Wormley in the mnan time came and looked upon the mimntes at a Sideboard where I was writing, and finding nothing mninuted of the ovirnor, they asked me what I Imteatit that I (lid not set downIt tthe Vote;d(it thet (Governor, 1 tolI thm I lihard no vote about the;ovetrnor, fot lla ll esti(ns 1 isid to be put by the Rector, and the Votes gathered by himo. Hit, if I lis Vxcellency wIill have aiy thing '(itered alsiit that business, that I would ask tile RIctor atid G..ernoir', aid know what qiuicstion was put, and how it was answereld. Uilni this, thle (vernor,piklir aliki in to the Rictor ani d G(;oiverttors Oif the C(ollcge, and odd thltit thaht 1l' sceiipctedl Siil wht shoulld lu otiteld con. cernioug what lie hail spoke, anld get the Rector to put tle quostion whutlhtr thiy kncw that the I osernor had obstructeld tile ltiness of tlioih C(Olugi. TIICy ' Wto stt'aougely conitiolded and siirpricid with thiii ( uu''tiott. Simie answoord they kntiw nothing if it; others, tlhiy had said nothinig oif it others, they had writi nothing of it. I began to take thdir sense it minute as right as I (ull, blit ti oertou aln Sicretary Wormiley and C(ol, Byrd wotuld give 1e til rtest, al 'ghig that I did tot take tih NIiiuiite full ino ph 1,0fr the;ovet111'tis lhonouar dll Vindicatiomn. At last I asked them how\ thi'y wo ild have it, antl w'rittl thliir sunse int a scrip ofh Papler, hut l u 'ru ivin t ait it was a Voite that was Like to catis' great division, I entered it MoI iitto the lt ook, till I had coo'.ihult'd those tltit were prcseott, and so ent'red it accordintg to the settitttt of' tIe majoity, but not so complimintiing' as the Govsrnor would have t1l it. Butt he alld no way to help lhittsulf, for the Governolrs of the College were so angry that they suffered thltinselves to be surprised with such unfair Votes which couIld not be safely answered buit oilne way, that they seemed to be resolved if the Governor brought it in again to throw it quite out. So it stood upon the Minutes as it was, but far short of this Certificate these two Gentlemen give it. B/. My Lord, I would fain know if the worst Governor that ever was should ever put such a question to any Meeting of the suobjects of his Gov(rnment as this ' Am I an ill man?" Whether they would think it fit to accuse him to his fice or rather to decline the answer. By. But what Other way has a Governor then to vindicate himself? P/. Yes, it is a much bttter way if his Actions will vindicate him: e. g. Speak to the particulars, and shew us what his conduct has been as to the 53 [1697. sublscriptions, Lands, revenues, and other things relating to the College and by tlihese it will he seen whether he has been a friend to it or not, /I. \VWcll, Sir, I will conime now to answer the particulars, h/. Pray give mte leave- first to ask one thing upon occasion of what M', llair said that the t! Minitte of Cootcil was never readl in Countcil; 'hat seims to lbe a very strangte way. PIray, Sir, is it lte cuistuom to atl thile MNIinutes of Council in Cmouncil? M/. No, Sir. Amongst other thiiings, this those is so great that we never knowI what is entered in the Council oliks, wlietlo'r it he the sense of the Council m.' tiot, /1?t, Iiut aniy (;'ittliitian of tlihe Comcil may cInitmIid a sighlt of tihe l Iooks wheIt h plases. /7. I kniiow not what others may ili, lbut I could never have thtat libr ty. I have waited oni the clerk tinie after tiute for a sight oily of some oriir relatinig to myself, and ciild tnot coiie to tl sight of it till it was p at timei to remeilv it. c It iis a very stramig' t Iing. l ete where hwe hv e better engrossing Clerks than any they have there, we lo often see that the Minutes of the Council are rectifyed by advice of the iMembers that were presit ell, NP. Ityrd, if' you pilase to go on with your A;nswers, /'I'. 'Thle first objection, tIv Lord, was about the Sulbscriptiots. I find nothinig in this but that the CoIncill and the (riat nMel n not payi. What is this to the Governor? Tlien that the Council threw out the Hill for facilita. ting the payment of the College subscriptions. What is this to the Governor? 'Iliere might be a thousand reasons fur throwing out that Bill. 11/. My Lord, as little as all this is to thI( Governor, our Councill of Virginia has such an immediate dependence on him that whatever way the Governor goes they generally follow. What else should be the reason that those very Men who were the forwardest to subscribe in Governor Nicholson's time should be the backwardest to pay in Sir Edmund Andros's time? C I las the Governor paid his own subscription? P4/. My Lord, he never subscribed any thing. y'. The subscriptions, my Lord, were before his timtie. C Nor has lie given no thing towards it? iM. My Lord, when I left the Country lie had given nothing. What he has done since, I know not. 1697-J 54 C. I confess it is a very ill sign, that a Governor encourages the thing with others if he gives nothing to it himself. But I think I have been told that he gave Bricks towards building the Chapel. By. My Lord, S' Edmund did really give an Order to my Father, if the Governors of the College would carry up the Chapel, to pay for the Bricks. But the Governors of the College slighted it, and told him they had no money to carry up the Chapel. But I am very certain that the Governor gave such an Order to my Father, and here is the Copy of it. 1. It was writ home to us, and we took it for gratnted that he had given the Iricks. //. No, Sir, he never gave a Brick. C Ilut M'. Byrd says he will engage for him that he shall give the Bricks still. l?'. My Lord, I will, for here is the Order still. P//. I find it has been very confidently reported that the reason why he had not given these bricks was that the College slighted the Gift. Now, ily Lordl, I know all the parts of that story so well that if Your Grace would please to hear it, it would appear as plain as d(ay-light that the College were so far from slighting that they accepted of that Gift in the thankfullest manner-but yet could not have the IBricks. C Thiis s as material to thle business as any thing. Let us have it, Sir. //. My ortl, there was a \\West country fleet a going out of Virginia for England, which occasioned that this Gentltleman's faher, Collonel Hyrd, was down at a place called Kirkotan, where this fleet was made up. While lihe was there he receivled this Order concerning bricks that M1'. Byrd speaks of, upon1 which Co'. Iyrtl aind some others of the Governor's friendis wrote home for England that the Governor had given the bricks; but all this while the College knew nothing of the bricks. As Colonel Byrd returned to his own house, my house being in hlis way, he ldid me the favor to make me a Visit. I was then sick. AmIong other News concerning that fleet he told me, as a piece of News that he thought would be very acceptable to me, that the Governor was becoming a friend to the College, and with that he pulled out a.Letter out of his pocket, the (riginal I suppose of this Letter M'. Byrd speaks of, wherin lie ordered him, if the College should carry tIu tie Chapel together with the rest of the li uiling, to pay for making the bricks of the said Chapel, I told him I was very glad of it for the example of it would go 55 [1697* a great way towards the bringing in our Subscriptions. I asked him likewise if I might say any thing of it. He told me that I might tell it to any of the Trustees of the College that I should happen to see, but that the Governor would take his own way to propose it to them at their meeting, so I talked of it to any of these Gentlemen I happened to see as a piece of good news, and I told them we should hear more of it at the next meeting of the Committee. C. WVhat Committee? 11/. My Lord, this Committee was made up of the Rector and five or six of the Governors of the Collge that lived nearest the place, who net usually once a Month at tlihe College to inspect the carrying on of the Buildlitt. Blt, my Lord, that Commnittee camne, I was not at it indeed, for I was so sick of a fever andl agi-ie that I could not stir abroad,. iBut I hadl taken care to prepare them all o(r the kind accelptalice of the G(ovirior's (Gift wlticli I expecttid would have beln rofterel to them at dia meeting. lint I was strangely suropised to n olerstand that tie re was no such Ill 11Sitii k malt to theii ad so ino ientioli of it. Upion this I slake to NP. I ldleyi), hic Surveyor of our luiiiling, who was pretty well in favor with the ( vernor and lesired hiim to wait 1upot I lis Exce!!ency1 and to let hlim know that Colonel Iyrd had aciiuiaint-ed lme with I lis Excellency's design of iving Bricks ior ithe Chia el, and that I \was in hIopes the Governors of the Collige shoulli have heard somiethinig of it at thleir last Meeting, for it was onlylt they iat coIli determitie whlictlicer they could carry 1p) the Chal el to-gether witli the rest of i tle liilditig; but since nothititig was said of it to tlient I dcsircd thltat NM'. I ltley ITouild try wvlmether I is 'Excellettcy would give him leave to Iiriilose it to tliten at their next mneetintg. The Answer Ani. I ladley bromihlit ite was, that thie (overnior still talked of iving the Blricks, but that ihe found he was nit willin' that I should meiddle witlh it at all. So, tiyi Lord, the tine weitt on anil we heard no nmore of this gift till at last there bcingl to be another Committee about the latter endl of July last year, I Iurrgel hI'. I lauley to wait uipon the;Governor againi aindl to represent to him that tihe Season of the yiar was so far advanced that if the iricks were not Imade very specdily tlicy coull not be madle that year anId thoerifre begged of him that if lie would noit give mite leave to maike the propolsition to thlie: Conimiittee, that ihe would elplhiy hiiimii to whom lie had talked so much of this gift to do it that we mnight orider the Bricks to be made with all expeditiotn. Upon this NI'. IHadley waited again 1697.] 56 upon the Governor and what passed between them I do not know, but M'. Hadley told me with an abundance of joy that he had now got leave from the Governor to make the proposition about the Bricks to the next Committee. And accordingly.at the next Committee where I was present, he acquainted the Governors of the College that he had Orders from Hils Excellency to propose to them that if they would carry up the Chapel together with the rest of the Building, he would pay for the Bricks that should go to the Building of the Chapel at the rate they had given to Colonel Park for their other Bricks, viz: 14" a thousand. Upon this proposition the Governors of the College presently ordered more Brickmakers to be set to work and appointed two of their number, viz: one M'. Edwards and myself, to wait upon the Governor next day to return him their hearty thanks for this generous proffer and to acquaint him that they had resolved immediately to comply with it and for that end had set up another Stool of Bricks and would lay the foundation of the Chapel with all expedition. If any of these Gentlemen doubt the truth of this, here I have the very original Order under the Clerk of the College's hand to produce. For we took it out to have it in readiness for Sir Edmund who often, when he would baulk verbal Messages, would ask if we have 'em in writing. Accordingly, my lord, next day '. Edwards and I went and waited on the G;overnor at his I louse anid MI. Foulace who iwas just come from EKngland and was resolved to see the Governor, desired that he might go along with us. It fell to my turn being the eldest in Commission to make the Governor the compliment. I did it as well as I could, telling hmn that M'. Hadley having yesterday in his Excellency's name made a 1 generous lproposition to the College, viz: that if they would go upon the Chapel lis Excellency would pay for the Bricks; The Governors of the College had ordered NI. Edwards and myself to wait upon him to return their most hearty thanks for this generous proffer and to acquaint him that in compliance witlh it, they had ordered a new Stool of Bricks to be set up and that they would lay the foundation of the Chapel with all expedition and carry it up as high above ground before Winter as the season and weather would permit. My Lord, he heard me with a strange gravity in his countenance and when I had done the first word lie said (I shall never forget it) was this, directly or indirectly (says he), I gave no such order to M'. Hadley. Sir, said I, it is very strange that N'. Hadley should do such a thing without orders. I confess I had not the least doubt of his orders for I knew your Excellency was upon such a 57 [1697. thing before I heard first of it from Colonel Byrd. Yes, says he, I gave Orders to Colonel Byrd about it and I desired him to speak to you of it and I believe he did speak to you; but you thought it not worth your while to mind it tlihen. Now you may take your own course. I first made an apology for myself confessing indeed that Colonel Byrd told mnie of the thing as a piece of News, but not as from His Excellency, far less that he desired Inme to act any thing in it, on the contrary that he told me his Excellency would take his own way to Ipropose it to the Governors of the College. I told himni likewise how that after I saw the thing was delayed I tad sent M'. IIadley to his Excellency and that I had particularly by himii offered ty service to prolpose it an(l that the answver he brought me was that he Ioiund his Excellency did riot care that I should meddle in it. Inut at last, my I Lord, I etndeavored yet to bring hiiin to the tliing tellitng hint that tho' tihere had been somte mistake eitliher ill Colontel IByrd or W'. IHadley or myself yet I hoped his Excelleticy would nlot on that account retract his ldesi ned bounty to the College, that it was a thinig that would do a great deal of good and would by the example of it be a grnat nmeans to brintg in ouir suobscriptions that were dtie. iIut after all I cotild riot prevail; lihe grelw lht Iupon it as if we htad really slighted htim and toIl us we slhoild linot have a Irick. 'This is the true account of that matter. The ivertnors of the CollgIo weil fur froi eefisin his gifti 0On the contuarr ttey accepltdI it with all tlanikfttlness but lie ItirisuIf retracted it as I ihav totl. B,,. It \\as your own fitult that you lhad thicto iot for tere is the O( )rler. Ii. But ift that ( )rlder nlever came regulrl y bI efolr tll \\,l what coiult they do. B0. As to tI Lands miy Lord, thie Law is openi, the Goverinor caninot Iiintler people of their triglhts. IP My Lorid, the Land oni the South side of Black water was all along desitnled to be opelnted and there was ait Order for olpening it ill my Lorcd Effiinthiihais time. J/. But it is very certain that it was kept shult over till tlte Colicege's Clarter was brought into Virginia. ]R Were there no Inhabitants upion tihe place? B/. None that had legal P'atents. The Surveyors were all prothlilited to Survey there and till that IProlhibition was taken off we could not get a Suirveyor even to survey the College Land. C \Vell I tlhink we heard the nmost miaterial things. P. My Lord, there is one thing, M'. Commissary said, in which I suppose 16971] 58 he is in error, that is lit. said 8' Edmund Andros has Awicre suspended him (run the toincil. Now, miry IL.ord, this last tiniv he is nut suspended hut only dcclared to he within thme nmeaning of the Act of Parliament as to tile sitting in tirt. General (oi rt. NiMy Iurdl, the wva I eardI ihiis tiring represented, it Was all NP. Cornrinssary's own doing for the Act helingý read in order to tire sweViaring thIe N aval ffkicers, NI. Blair himself stated the difficulty upon his hecaring the Act real and desictred the (Grvernor and Council to givye thecir Opinion whethewr hei should sit in the General Court or not. The Governor ariil Council, as I was told, shifted the question and sail to Ni'. Blair, Sir,-In a feCw days vyo are to crnil ark for Englandl what nccdl wve trouble oiirselves with this question now? Built NI'. Bllair 1rrctctntld sonic scru(pie. of' conscicnce, that he could not Ihe satisnied till lie haul their oprinion. 'hlue Governor was so averse to it that he adjouromd thet, Council till tine afternoolln dleskig1niig tile tliing shorurld drop and thaLLt "Ie'siml ouo thrhsns. litN' Blair wvounld Oiir' c cagain iii tinlthafternooni and would let them enter upoii tiotliing till they.) tal11 decided that and so siroll as they had decided tilit as to the Giucral Comet he- wvas switnhin the meaning of thie Act, that i'. flair got upl) aiinl went away fruin lie Council thu' theyý told 11t11i lie was not siislieCindd. Nay, furtheir, my Lord, I amii told thtt thley, afterwards sent fIor timi to Council hut that lie positively ruftiser I to act ini any Cotinicil bsiiness. Sii, you krow hst ti NI. Blair) wredir it was thins iir nto. P/. Sir It was qu ite rihiu' raise. I never he-ardI a story more altered.l. (: "1I1m was it? M. NMy ILorud, yinur Gratce irtay rernertnebr, horwt after I was suIshirrided the. fil-rst tIrre 1 was restored tio the Colti rCucil ly is NI ajr'siy's \Varrant. T[here Was a Clase itn thlatt warrant, Ny Lordil, which I lid niot at all ulsurve, that I shmtiroh I tu onlly hr sir Itred toi thu Council lot cur \inue sro till it il eared toý II lis NIIjeýsty that I fiat JustlIy frorfeited thir g.ood opriniioni lie was ple'ased tco say he had oif' rite. This Clatise, My Lord, every one construed to he a prohibihi tiorr of all such so spenIsiuris of rue for the future. At thle San11e tinine With this \Warranrt there svas sent into the country a niew\ Act of larhiatncnit of* a Iprstenior date to the Wuarrarnt. I think tine Title of' it is - Art Act for preventing fraudus in the- Plantation Trade.'' If' there was any thiinig iii that AXct of Parliamelatt uisahhoig rue to he of tne Cointcil, I ought never to hIave heen received in again upon the Warrant. BIn., r1o) lord, they received rite itt and 1 stayeri there near a year afterwards, till about the time that tile Accounts of 59 1697.] the Revenue were going to be laid before the Council, for 1 must observe, my Lord, that both times I was suspended just as these accounts were going to be laid before the Council and all the time I was of the Council I could never come by a sight of these Accounts and there is a reason for that, my Lord. So now the accounts being ready to be brought in, it was resolved, it seems, that I should be removed before they came in. In thle Morning one of the Gentlemen of the Council told me they designed that I )ay to remove ine from the Council. WVhen the Council was net, the first thiing that I saw was that the Clerk stood with the Act of IParliatnment in his hand ready to radl and the Governor ordering him to readl it after he had clone. It was pretty long. I confess, my Lord, I started tlhe first difficulty myself in these words: "Sir," said I, to the Governor, "-upon thle reading of this Act tlhere occiurs a doubt to me \\whethlir it e pIrolper for me to sit inll the Genrcal Court or not for tlhe words of the Act are thlose: provided always that all pIlies of Trust in the Courtis of I:aw and what relates to the lTreasu r y of the said I lands shall friin the dlate of this Act Ie in the I lands of the Native 1boir sui jects of n11.glatnid, Ircland (or of the said Islands. Your E(lxcelletcy knows wlhen I was lirst admuited to be of the Council I desired to be excused from sittite in the i Giieral Cou rt. No\vow I shall be vcry glad if these words of tlihe Act of Pa-rliatto nt disable iii from it." tpon this the (Gvcr-nor desirid them to conisidir lewIim it'ir tli A\ct of P't rliami''t affi-cted tic. Ii \niswer to tills, it s the l iatt r Iihad lb'i'tt said belfor, somie said I could not hc o(if tii Council, bIcasiuse tlie ecounts of tilt- CGov(rnmen1llctit wvcrc laid IwIlMrc thc Council Mid Y the tAct of lPartliitt'it I was disabliid fr'om any place of Trulst r itnilt' to the TrI asuiry. IBuit seeing the tindncy of this I arvlod against it lthat tlhe bing of tilt C(oiicil was no plac' ofi T'cust as to the TriIasu r\ Iir aills initi xr i Iurd ouit 1)) the ovrnotilr's Warrant evil ou t iof* I.'l and tiIi' hc aldvis ud withi s Council somietilmies abuout Montey to Iw lid out, yet lic' orh'lit chuse whether he would or not. Upon this it was c nib st by thr ( ixie iiri h itisilI that ithd Kinig has gone sonsetimtus into the Ti asurt and sIi'nld Warrants 'without i-ver bringitig the iusinu ss before Council. From this thiex wxnt ti ilothe topic, which gave hitter sat'st*etitlit, vx: that tht ( G'virxlr 11 old CI ilai by the ('Constittitioll of the Country suit' tilii sole JitTl'es of the General Ciirt, if I \\as conseuic:ntly disahkd likwhise from xi' ine of thl Con acil I Idi sirlled tllheI to consider the King s iWarrant fOr restorinug itme and particularily that clause which orders tie to continue in the Council. Ihe \arrant was read and the Ao Goverinor considering the bo01d stroke they were going to mike 'ittempted first to shift it off oln me, by persuauling me to remove uys; s IfIron; the Council. NI'M. Commissary," says lie, 'is a going for Enigland in a fewx d'ays and lie might ease uis of all this trouble if hie pleased.'' M\I ILord, thouglh I understood the mecýaningq of this yet I gave iso answer to it till one ColoneI Jennings, a g)reat Creature iof the G(;vroor's, exptlained it thus. -YN sy Colonel i'ooi oigs '-MN'. Coilimnissiary mligh-It ease us of-all this tool hl if t' xc would ahsent hlicifromt the( Council fuOr these fuss days that remain. t u lt y L ord, I litoo( th(Iis nw'r to tlIn ( ox %virnor which I I 'estich \ot)I- ( i itce tot ike notice of, lccan''' it will dcalear Ithe flosti wlieih''r I Icenovlfc toyscIt' ft urnl the CiotlCii is it is said tol [oi. ''Sir",' Said I to the (mCost or "'I oust I''your x - rileC y pao T.'he lKiiig. has iiow twiceto cmotili ndd 11totois her and theref'ore I shall itit take it upon m;'suIt' to ruim ou mt;silt fitiom this, Itoaid thoughi at the same timi'1c sI Ihl reaitlily soulmit to iIIn; St ittnci your E'xcel1leucy and thle Coouncil shall pmonotinCT thou t it. L l"ti I; INtrd thle (~ 'xi'rnor tolii the Council that I hail gixenl thicin a veriy plai oniusxwe r whlich xwas that I siutld uuot. 'cmuse( iyselt fandu tiuc i ttt u s itti It i, volmust go tiliti) ii olgv o rI)ttin. I'i,)thi h Ii (n( t lt i tiu r tt i c I tltt xokitit'x'i'e ur~ t itia n hlistitt1ctiiiiisr of 1ib ix n that It \\,itots ild tif \I tiltle nut Ati ic ilt i Him as tio t tit'' Ii cs tit''v dixtmitt I \\.Istti tl(t it Ixxis ixhu iid ixt-itltit the( iKitugý,'s \Virrant hwitig sit i pts it thouttigl it sits lcitcton Iii l''tto sit fu(r the tltot'c ()1- tor1 dtlays -ii mil uni tm olittlts' spi uipschi xii ~in tli 'hi r o'itt I isots' xxlii nx' it w s ''s li I "Il ill no t, sit' lt'e Ac'o-il I.xt I i wa t Ix k Ix i'u if tltti it I~\ itt \\i.iiit I I ' il' (t i tic 1, 1 tcimcadsi' t N, alIt' I tI Iix' theI ci )IuI st i tItI tii i I fI Vi ' i r ti IIIl t xx';Is JiccCYssnry iliat xx'liisutexr xwas of' the CouncSill should sit in the t etneral tutu)I it. 'I'll Gtivrtior lU cci 'i\ inug thn I fsix n sum x'tether it xxas diat lie toubtuIted the Votte xx'ildl ou0t go Cl~i 'acl tIf his Sitde ot' xxheliei'c lie wits rially' af'raid tot guto in the conttradicition 0iftthe lKitug's \\arrant, being disappiniiited of" his taimi oif ittaking tot. abstuit toysel C adjuin cited thle Cotutncil till thle afternoon u, amd in thut' milcl titile xw'lichs \\,as a togthellr itnusutal Seuut and atljouritirue the (Ceneral Ctiuirt too xx'itre tiert: xwere sexeural Cauises depienditng anid the People, xx're all uixet about their business for, to make the thiing m1ore odiouIs Of Illy side, lie xvas resolved tile Genseral Court shiouldI sit no inure till this business abotut toy being dis 61 [1697. abled were decided, that so the odium of the delay of Justice might lie upon me who would not remove myself. In the afternoon, My Lord, it is said I would come again to Council and would not let them go upon other business till they had decided this. I do assure Your (Grace I stayed in my chamber in the afternoon till the Messenger of the CouIIncil came to call me; he told me thile Governor andtl Council were, met and wanted mniy Company. And ift' I had not gone then a worse cinstruction would have been I)Llt uponl it. So soon as I catile to the Coutctil it is saitd I tindiered thtoin to go upot otlicr tbusinoss. My lam!, tltere was no t0ocasitot 1o that, 'Thle ( ovnttttor wit bitt Of etiti at ally ithiLLg else t ald thlt r I l [( hopr I thley hAltl t ladt their ttoil gits upon ttlt('. (Jttestiol that wits proposcl to tll(heml coI)Cc i'll i NP. Cwmmll issl-try, w et heilc r as to his beinl"g. of tltt Cto til, he were withiin tte Act of Itrlunla en tit or 11it. A1,tir tlti K tin's Warrant was Igai Wll reItad andl tlhey ai tltoserveld that It wits of 1 prior date tott tle Act tIf lathy attett, t cnltev CtuOIided thlat tll Act was to' taki plact before thle Warrcant and that I was itncapatcitated tby tlhe Act ftroit sittitl'') either in C uitiicil ttI- t'neral Cottrt. (Utnly one I t'ntfietan itost t(d still upon thtt distinction (tf tht two several Capacities. My Ittord, I \,s so a tIr from rc tiovilt' tttVst'lf Its it is saiI that I did tf ot offer to rettml vi 'itn aftr this t ote, hitt h\ld thec Unlpud(.ncre to sit still. Thell (.v4T1Mr ("istini" a strangi, I lcook 41t Inc.1,11 d meI if' I did not hicar ithc votc (11 thc Counwil. 'A t's Sir" said 1, "1 hiard it but y r t ']xctll'ttcy kst' 111t1ws fiatw canttti st1sf -nld tit a ttttit r. I wait for bOe list cylm ea y ' tttI s;11 1 t.... tNo t" said It, i I'll I itt tfmis ct:. sclitttt:ce. Tettit, shtt sit'id l, "i ca'iro \ tt ec Ivc," t' i'' t 1h1', My I (lld, It wa\l stmttigs - t y tttt ci l l tI I tI hit test it' tt t If sil telt' tt I s mt If Iat i t I tyI In A Nt I w ts et t r ima te is u <t if t1Ct c b 11tt 11 t s t il t at etI Itc it ss i p 1 itt tI I eC t e ) a Il C' NI '. I It I t s t I avt1 tmest \vI s w t tI IIarI I tI far It I at':n itcl t o is ttlt, thlt n of I rIaIgu tt bt vitry uneasy iotnrt tattitsku tts Cotscil whattt re Should do ill this casd. Cfm Itig tts Je nn sanswcrcd him, -Sir, Your 1:xk-lclle cy mlay sil.*nIif)y to NV'. Comm Ili.'St ry' thaL ),oi havc 1put the( ' (, IMStionl to tile Counci1 \l whether. hc is incilpacitatud by thl( Act of Parliamenclt to act as onw of thW CounCil anld thalt it is (Mr lunanli-,,,),s ( )pjinion thait Ip. is." UTpon this the Govcrnlor Stood 111 anld, ill the mlannoer hc use-s to pronoun11ce sentences, said, "NPl. Conunissatry I havc put the Question to this Board how far you arc includco. -withinl the Act of' Parliamnent, and it is our unanimous Opinion that you are incapacitated fromn actin(- any 1697.] 62 further as one of the King's Council." "'Sir," said I, "I take this for a sentence," and with that made a how, andt came awa'y. P tInt Sir was you never sent for to the Council after this? 1?4 Sir, I thank you for putting me in mind for I should have forgot that. Truly I cannot tell whether I was sent for to the Coincil again or not. The matter was thus. It was about TCuesday if I remembter right that I was rtmovedt from the Council. They went on in their business-received their accounts and wrote their letters for England noil by iSatuIrday they had dtlle. On ilIt' S;tturtday the it vts''rnor st'nt NI'. Sherlock to tot' to my house in the cOintry. I It broghlit nothing in Writing- The lMessage hin dtlivered t',y word of 1mtouth was this, that I1 is Excellency bid tint ttll t 11C T'ltt h id tinislted their businiss and drawn their Lett'rs for EIng(land and tlty dt sired that I should ste tlhtimi li tkre tiny went. My Lrd, it \was toi SMitoid is afternoon and a very rainy ltay; I wits to priachl next day and I ctont'(s' I wisi, very itunwilling to stir abroad hut [ot knIOwitig' what use mtiliht I i tMdil of it if I did not go I ordertdl Ii\' I lorse to bie got rcealy and we.nt iaway to Iatims Towns in all the rain witIh 1'. Shbrctk. When I cami thithi do I fIit d the t ovtr'm-r '11)(I Council 1(ogcthwr 114)t it thle, Council Cham1.111bnri kit ill tOw Sccrcil m-r \ cha1milber r which \\,&I, 'Alt t h C (I of tilt l.L no n t 'it it tTl )(Jb t ai' httsiitess; soi tdhat whlcttlhi tev will tall it a Ctiolluil or tt'ot I clltott till. \Whe\l I catne ill I ttold tile vrerttiort I was cmitit itl tltwobt'itnce to his Mess xi a to) see iwhat setvice his I Cxciii'ncy hait[ t o tie t I aiisi crid iltl that having in cparcd thi-ir I.AW -Stters f Fnll anýlild 1114') w(e willinlg, that I!1hIuld -'WC themi if ' pliascd. To this I rcplitd that if it was any Ctincil iistisx, his Icel lticy knicw I wats tic larcd illcapailht (d, actim." ill thoww Buhis. t if till.\ hid ally tiig to sty to mu, ill aliv tihert Ca('atity 'ns ik i' rclititig to thm CI'i''y Or C gc tor \Nhich I was I'micl-rncd I \\,;s r("Ily toI h1cm it,. -Ycs", Says lit, "dhcre ks ill th14 ettrslwthiw., rulatilng boh 1() till Clcrgy and ('oil( pica';c to hicar 'cem rcad." "it" \'oil plcas Srw subtd 1,and uponl that lit ("lctl 'tr Chairs and thlty all s't Imvr otitt at a aile hbut to and;gtiit tlt aoitt tle rm tutu Is Wit' ae tut siutinw. I did I ot tiller to sit dolwi but tlhI tsvtrinurs tad a Chlit' bIrtliught antI is titilil idiltee tie to sit tot. T'lltt lite ordeiled tille Clerk to r'ad di I rettnsr. It I ri itiemtli'r riglhit th're wcrc two Ltters, tue 'tOr the Sicretary, MNI' Lor Iiul oft Shrewsbury, aiithei'r for the Council itf Trsiie,. Thli only thitg I -Iakl to in tile tLetters was tine thinig rclating tilt e Clergy; for speaking of itt Address presetted to the G(sccnor 1ty' the Clergy 611 1) [1697. they called it an address from part of the Clergy of Virginia. 'Sir" I said tot the Clerk "'I lbelieve that is a mistake. It should be ain ail(lress from the (iei'gy of Virginia.'' It was answ(' redl me by Some of' the Counmcil that t ile Clergýy teret not all tltie'(. I tiplia d to titis tha~t they Wcre all Ilitly suii iione(I atid manyv tunic( thatl tihe Ilitaor 1part wI re liresent & all that were iitc'm'n si 'neIld thec Ad tress. I aski d the in if' it was diciir way wheni any of tIle Cioti n cil was absetit to call thiei r (Ordeirs, ( rders (if Couinicil or Orders of part of the Coun(cil. I toldl them too, it looked ill to Say all)de of' part of' thle cler!Wy, as if tre \\ere, all in 1f.ictlinis tail Iatt's; so mly I oi'd. alter som ]iis)iiti"'I ai nic I tli& poni t, tail 11ad that wori Io(f thelii ].te,. lwmnded. lIe'i'ce was a -reat iteal of Cotuncitli 5mil1('5 iii tit( a'h lid's buit I sl iki' to anile of* it. Now \, 111\ ILord, whether this meeting, will be called a Council, or not, or whlethiei it ((ill be said that I acted in it ur' not I catiiiit tell. I ami alit to ttiitik- if mly suspiensiont is not apipirovedl of' inl Englaild it will lie said that I was iii t sii sI etided 8c that I was at a Coiincil afte rwarils and( that I spoke and acted iii it. Buiit if' thl\ suiieni~i5on is alpllot'eil of' that then.I this mneeti g is no Ciountcil anil that Iitt acting' in it wtas only as (iotniniss-a ry lbuit tot as onle of' tle ('uncitli. P. Nay, e 'rtautily, Sit- \i in ti 11ii ilt 5ii1 ili'il.d I it-e is a (>1 i of' the S( 'atenice aiii if' it lii cotnliari'i with yiiiii ' first soisi'nlswil tt yo will fiiiil tlit' dlift~crCince andi~ therecfore I sholillIi iý ll nittil tilt tisi that nmtIllng 11)ta lii saidi if this siispensiion ))tt thiat NIVC imnn issiytaike htis Ipiac(' at the' Couinc11i Imrcl as if tiet'e tad been no sich thtingi 1`0do tin( Iwlinitg- of' the( -eti is iinly that as to thte Gettera tour l.(i In s withinti to- mr.lltnin of tlii.. Act if I irlia act or incvinting,.( ifraikt~.S" hii'il'" ic~ iilitiiiii tii lii swctrti it' of titie Ncto~t he af 'lti', 0, uiliie.t l i f i.o iutl, aukuowlediCt'111 It(.w 1iut(ishiter of' ( )pinittoni that ill regirul (If* tti- Conittiituitiion tif VirI titit thic (;uiirclal Court was to lie held hi)' the ( itt'(i'ttir aitul Cmoilt dit tll Ifill NI. ('o(Illlinissan') is withtitt theIn'litaltiti of the' Act. 'I'1li' t~ll' lisliop of I nubittm argýitei thtat thu 'se vi'ry two'rds dii ilhal' that senise that NI'. Iflli waI s- stisliiend'I faulti the Cottntil. 'I'lue A rcihu ishtuq sail hte. tlttu- -igt thie\' Iiml uied in thiatn a 5lispietnsiont t'iz altin tcapacitatintg. INI'~I. oc ttu l lte I tt ulalol Sit I,)I htti e ii'Iis short and obscure tway of tiorihin, thinlgs. 'Ilteit Itty 1,01 cd Ai li-i' said to 1697.1 64 this purpose to niy Lord Bishop of London. "Well, my Lord, I think we have hvard all the most material things of both sides; when your Lordship is at leisture we'l appoint another day and get Mr. Blaithwait aodi. N Blair and consilcr what we shall do upon all this.." L. When You r ILarlshij) pleases. Pt My ILord, give me leave to speak to one thing that Mj'. Commissary meotioncd liecause it seemis to reflect on the Office, that is, M'. Blair seeims to insliiuate that lie couild ner-ver conie by a. sight of the accounts all the while lie oii(f ilt' COO iiicl, NJow, iii> ILon1, I think it is Iiir the K inii" s5ernice that every Mao should see the-, accounts and should htae leave to mnake wchat ob))servations he cani against the Ipassing" of thenm. I lere arce the accounts (hIoldtogcr a papeor in his hand) MI'. Bair may,5 scee them whe1n le lil5i'c! s. R/. '',Sir. I huitl titllv uauk you; it is at faivor I could never have- in Virginia,'' (ancd with that Iwstc'se to MI'. Povey as it were to receive thte Accounts from0 him and taking theutic in his rind Salid) "'\ill yo0lu giVe niet' leave to peruse them and I will carefully returit 'eto to you R -'Sir, yoti utay look upoHn Wim bitt I cannot part with tltis; ttis is the Record hut if y)iiii will call at the Office y(ou mIt lay see tlteto when you tiwill.' Ljion thlat NI'. Illair restoritug theto again had teturned to his chair. T'hlen -N'. Byril said sonictethinu i this lpurose: NBy. '' I> Iord ttis is a veii Atliaritable Insitiuati on of NI'. Blair about his be.:ing twice tut rol out ()f the Council, just as the Accounts were going to he hr u l,4-1it before the Council; for the first titei, it was a month after before the Audit and the second time a week, and the acciutnts art: so fairly statel that I be'lie(ve this will be found to be a very groindless iniiiiitatiiiii." P. '' My lir'), the acciiiiits iif Virginia ate tlte easicst hulrt iAf iy' accountts whatsoever, 'l'Th'e'iu is bitt Small attd ith i' tlturcis 1..icealutalisuu' P4. My 1 un1, I anl (tlhu to 'titer, iiitii this Suilujuct iii'. it is towm Lite anudw have taki'nl ill uo() 11111uci 40' your gaci's littlie ilcuuly. hit, if' wr toi sliiak to the. acciuintIs I sIliiiul 1say soutetiluing as- ciinsid crahl Ic its all I h~a\- ' ye saLid to miake it appu1 %\;'r whalt ArtLS lhavec been used to hiindler tdie King's Ihoiuity to the Clergy' of Virginia by the tnisiuanagcineett of the Reventue, for, NIy Lord, aboout five years ago NIy ILord of ii0ndLon knows thtere wcas a gift past by' the late Queen in Council of the Quit rents of Virginia tio the Clergy for thrce year. Btut u1pon11 a great Claitlour that vas raised that if tIle Ouit rents were disposed of; that Government would not he able to subsist, the King sv-as lre 65 [1697. vailed upon to recall that grant and so the Clergy lost it. But my Lord at the same time His Majesty recalled it he was Ipleased to say that he would make a Tryal for three Years and if he found that the Government could subsist without the Quit rents the Clergy should have 'em still. To prevent this, My Lord, from that time there has been such an unusual lessoning and consumption of the revenue that Quit rents and all has enough to do to tldefray the charge. I would fain know why Sir Edmund Andros preýsintly after the news of this, past an Act for enlargiigi Tobacco Ilogsheads by which every I logsheadl holds at blast a fifth part more than it did and consequently the King's Revenue of TIwo shillings per hogshead is a tifth part less than it was, that is, six or seven hundred pounds a Year. I would fain know why so much unnecessary charge to New York. \VWhy so much for demolishin(ig ol0 Forts and Ililding a Powder house and mounting of Guns and maintainingt a cruising Sloop upon another footing than was Ordered by the Lordls of the Treasury. In short my Lordl I would fain know what is become of all the money Governor Nicholson Left in bank and how it comes to pass that the Revenue is now over and above betseen four and live thousand piound in MIbt. My Lord, this is a strange thin, in a time of peace for it has been profound peace with uis. My ILord, the only true reason for all this was to convince the King( that that Government could not subsist without the Quit Renits; tho' we know it subsisted very well before upon thIe Revenue of the two Sillings a I logshiead. l1ut, My Lord, I will forbear till I have seen the accouints only I ani very well satisfied that I can discover a great Mlystery of iniquity in them. C \VWell, I think all thie matters have b(ýen sutfficiently discoursed. NI y Lord (to the Ihishop ofi luontion) we must take a tint to consider what i-, lit to he dote upoh ill this. T'[l n th Hishop oif Lodll n (lm m ill lithIe rust of its ott ilt m1 aftll' soumi: iuikititiolln I tll Io'films o(if L' o o to siam ill niuhit' which wc did noth accupt of, we P.I 66 Governor NICHOLSON to the High Sherif of New Kent County, in Virginia. JAMES TowN, March ye 3d, Nu. SIR, I do hereby, in his Majesty's name, Will and require you to acquaint the minister or ministers within your County that (God willing) they do not fail of meeting me here on \Wednesday, being the i0' of April next, & that they bring with them tliheir priest's & ID)eacons Orders, as likewise the Rtl Reverend Father in God the Lord Hishop of London, his License for their preaching or what other License they hare, & withal a copylI out of the Vestry Books of the agrneement they have madle with the parish or parishes whliere they officiate. If there be any parish or parishes within your County who have no minister, I do hereby in his majesty's name command that the vestry of the said parish or parishes do by the said lo" of April return me an account how long they have been without a minister, & yo reasons tlic:reof, as also if they have any person that reads the comrmon prayers on Sundays at their Church. This account miust be signed by them2, and they m1ay send it by the minister that lives next to them. So not doubtitng of all your complliances. therein, 1 remain You are not to fail of making return to these Your loviiig friend, my orders as y))u ill answer y contrary to. F11'. NICl IOLSON. M'. LOCKE to M'. Commissarty BLeAIR. LONiSN, 16 Oct' '99. S' You that know my bad health, some part of my iusiness in town, will I doubt not Iparddon the slowness of imy return to your letter of Flebruary last, especially sinice it contained no thIing of business to be done buit gratefull 67 [1700. rellections on what had been done with an overgreat opinion expressed of that service which you imagine you had from my hand in the doing of it. I shall not undertake to answer all the great complinments you make me on this occasion. I take them as I ought, to be the language of your civility. But this give me leave to say, that if I have 'been any way instriiumentall in procuring any good to the Country you are in, I am as much pleastld with it as you can be. The flourishing of the planitations under their (due & just regulations being that which I do & shall always aim at whliilst I have thile honoiiur to sit at the board I1 now ()do. I holpe the College grows & ftlourishes undecr your care. I wvouild bie 1glad to know whether you carried(l over with you a I haroscope & Thermoscope ronm hence - when you went over last, for 1 think a constant regisitar of the air k)ept there would not be only of general use to the ilmprovement of natural philosophy but might be of particular advantage to the plantation itself by observations to be made on the changes of the air. I know your country has many natural curiosities. Such of them as come in your way & are of no difficult translportation I should receive as an obligation from you more particularly all seeds of all strange & curious planlts, with an account of thle s"oils they grow in & the best seasons you observe there for sowing of tlheim: amongst other things you will do toe a favor to send mie a plentiftill stock of hueiach stones of your best sorts of peachlies. I am Sir, &c., &c., JOIIN LOCKE. Commissary BLAIR to Govr N/CHOLSON. Nmt i r.dIANiAiON, Aug' o, 1700. MAY 11 PLE:AseE vui ExAC:m.e:NCv, This coming to your hands bh- NI. Whatehey of whom DI'. Bray gave your Excellency so hard a character, I cain hcirdlly expect youri Iatieiic (w yet I humibhly prai) till you hear what lie has to olffer in his win justification. IHe has now beem at INarl'lanil with a design to meet with the I )octor, but came unfortunately a day after his departure. I le has now brought several 68 certificates from almost all those persons that the Doctor mentions. * * * I confess to your Excellency that I can much more easily believe that that one man who informed the D)octor was mistaken (for the D)octor dloth not speak it of his own knowledge), than that all the other persons both friends and enemies to our church should misapprehend the thing, for this is Iplain that the dispute was concerning the best way of reforming the debauchery of the age, & that M'. Whately maintained one of the best ways for that )lpurpose would be to contrive to have youtli early married; this being the question, it was very natural for M'. Whateley in the management of such a cause to assert what they say lie ditd. 1: * As to his otliher disputes on board with the Doct', I know thlIcre is nothing inore usuial auitong scliolla vs (especiallys where they hasve so much leisuIeC as they have on a log v i-age at sea) than to toss an arueICnt & tlhat sometiunes to too great a height of heat & animosity. But as to \I. Whateley's bwingl usutally onil thile )evil's side of the Question, as the )'. is plc sed to call it, I canll learn nothing of it exclpt that they flrequieitly diff(trid in opinitn Ilupon the subject of the reliiotis societys which I (do not inll this case think any thing strange, the best men in England to my knowlled''e e'ing of different senCliutinicts cotncerning themn; there is only one thing rcain ilts, & that is that it is plain (the Capitai n 6ing a man imuch given to drink) there was a great dIeal of Irinking oin Iliard, anm this being joined with another thilng (iz. that \'M. Whateley tad muich of the Captain's Efvoor & coimpany makes it trobable that ihe had siomne hand in countenaincing that excessive dlrinking. IButit when I ciisider Iow i natural it is for passengers to desire the master's afvour and couiinteiiance, and how absolute these maisters are on iiboardt, 1 kllow by experience: that sobir meni are olrcLed sometilles for Peace's sake to subnit & h1ear ianylh' tbills w h'llich tIy' can lllnot telli; uIIponI the 'whoile mllatti'r consitliring the giitl cliaractir my Lord of London gives of N'. \\'l;ttilt'y, the g rat tritill) he i thas I tin lth itaily Iu it toI ill this matter, his 'xC'essive I)'v'it y & great sick tess & gittitb I arts & learititig, togethter with thle goilod character lie had bOth beftire & since that voyage & the aminIle certificates lie les bliiught even to gi%'i: a goOd itI't ireseittatiotI Of that imo st SUSi)erted part 11Of his liiI', I * wish your Ixc'lhency woul inline to coimuit&assiot & i to IMut hiiit into a barich u(nl his p itto i'bh )ic ir I. t It' h it p 's ithi'i''isi thitit gitotdh it good he 11i strihe' hard (hmiiu'itg to r' him Out ays I acii serst ict I had a1t vcry good hope)S 01' himl lhav \V IULw had 11 Lom LdayS co11ve-Saio With hlim itt 69 [I1702. my house), I would be very loth to recommend him to your Excellency's favour, which yet I do not but with all submission to your better judgment. I remain Sir, &c., &c., JAMES BLAIR. From some person ulnknown to Govr NICHOLSON. CII sriv, ID)ccember y" 8'", 1702. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR ExCt'ELEINC, I do with no small Eagerness lay holdl on this opportunity to write to you on severall accounts. And first I am to let you know that Governour IBlackistone arrivled with the fleet about a fortnight since, )by whom I received yours of July 22 & of July 28S, & am sorry to fintd you were so very munch indisposed as that of July 22 informs nme. But out of pure friendship & true sincere zeal for your service am most of all troul)led at the accounts wvliichli coinme from all bands of the minuch worse state of your Inindl which should it l)e to half so bad as is here said on the Exchange & at Coffee I louses it is bad enough in several respects. I should be minuch wanting to my clharacter both as a Friend & as a minister should I conceal from vyoll wchat is so absolutely necessary to be made known to you for your good & indeed your safety, & therefore I will fairly lay before you the whole. First, it is here sait & sneered at by the: mncan:st of those who have lately come in that you still lprosecutte y) our aliours without the ltast h1o1 es of success; & it is in truth not a little troubile to uis tlhat have a valule for you to findl litw\ 1m1111ch it lessens pm to mnake stuch rott rt tIOUt this matter. Scconi l\, it is said that thl slighits that yti hlte rttc ti vet l this accoti mt have so eliragdtg I yto totiwards thle yug atly's lriitnds >1 y)Oti sin ar you will cut their throats, nut sparing her Father's, and that yptu ust: stich fit cious threateninilg as reiudhr y1ou Odious & hatefill to all. htirtly, it is adilt to lie tIct )g 1 y as ytir passions are ery fimfritous so thlry an, vcr) fi-c(1u4.1t ihim vmi arc wmit in dhrm to s\Vcar &, cur-W most 11orrihly, & at best high iijeillition lt your ordinary ltligliaýgt'. Nor is this all; b111t first I coijtirme pt, I )kar Sir, iistake 11112 not I am1 not sptakinmi my 1702.] 70 own sentiments of you hut What I do frequently hear from. others concerning you, stiffer ic to threrefore to proceed. Vourtlhly, it is now in very many peoples mouths yl you are abandoned to lewdniess, and sonic stick not to say to an instance thereof not to he named; and Fiftlily, on the account of the premises it is aggravated as a high scandal that Notwithstanding such dreadful habits of sin you are constant at prasyers, which they can rot but think on the afore mentioned accounts must he a sacrifice that is an abomination to the Lord. Arid irilneed wlrer these charg`es shall coiire to lie more known here it will ire inconceivalble wlrat air aversion tliry will raise to )youl with tiroste g'oon tune arrrorrgst is who ral-ve been Iritherto wrought into an irdnrirrirrn of' yorr.,Sistlrly, y'our aninosities \vitli M'. Corrmrmissary llai r, MI. I larrison, & MI'. Forracc begins to miake yrrur rated riven anioieust those who rinos riot tire persons. For almost every body here knowingr 'With what irirefatigable industry they ladbioured yorrr Iproniotion, & inleeld, that they secre tire great instruments of it. It is observed upon this carriage of youirs towards themn, yt nothinirg is mrrre dangerous than to iirrt too great ribligations upron some mnii in poswer, Irecarse slrrlerr tlrrcy frird lltimoe seTrvice is donle tfirell thall they have a mind to reward or sri rrrrh as acknowlede t erit wll riri ii a sort of justilicatirn of dtieinselves 1irr:roiie ilijurious evCIn trr tire rrirn of those who rave been tirtir frie-nds that tley mnight rot be thiorgrglt to hrave beeri obliged. 'Inlils indeed Iras been often olbserved in 1History as tire temirIrer & imiethiod of Tyrants & to miake you aplnwar sO in your nature. Scventlirly, it is said rhrmt yout firlrear not to tell eveii tire council that yoti have hrtlen antruig tire NIoors, & thlat they orirglt tr ire govcrnrerI as such, m1(ianinilg as slaves,, &' it is tino rrrghr t a 1ig'hr irrpurrtation rrherre thrat yrrrt sirelk Sir m111uch oIf tilt- 'trrrativcr k, Irlittle irIr tllr! law, &, irr trrrltd tire crrrrllrs murst lre Attre Ihriti no very, tvs rlyhrtw, ii Ibe rne T rir cogtivr! &, 1iroci-1 &, \\id a- ni ripi-ct tno tilt i~tte(r ats will as tilr f'-ir ritr, orrr r hirr his -li a r itchiinrits, srrrhr s~rrt! is h ti ltrniVersal dihi)sirririrIt rrf tirt: unirrtiol Will start unit irrrýlgrrittol. Antd E'nglish tiici, I lair!, SAN', will nteve!r rm tre t bcniurr virý t i it tin und~d a rnrurhniuitttult tin thteir hiriurris hirrrel-ILativt!of (0,rrir h Lneilu i rrys. I'UrIis, hIntclI wet ruuds, hliigittlrly it is "1didim byra liymir irol rit& Niihrdiikr hrrm cirrtrt if ninth (nnrnrcihh &S Assent 11luit.s your tart! list all toe urest irt tilt-ill, &S trat tins hits 71 D 702. already appeared in that you could not get them to comply with the instructions about New York. It is observed that Governer Blackiston, by his humane and artificial wvay of treating his assembly, brought them to comply, but they say that your proposing it will alone hinder it. And when it is found tbat Your interest is gone in Your government you wvill soon be blown uip, & in truitlIlmy Lord of London told me, but to dlay tbat bie, verily believes a great mnan in plaintation affairs lies at lurch for some sucb occasion to do your buisiniess. Nintidy, it does you a world of' muischief inl this city, & amiong' thle nclrchants oti the occasion of M'r. lPresiilent's F'uueral oration you speak despitefully & slighltly of the late King(, l inmany respec ts. For tbe citv &, the Merchiants gluenrally usve, &ý do greatty lionouur the tuelnury of thlat I rilice, & there arc not very miany tbat can oiar rellections ag-ainst Ihimi. Lastly, I Shall con1clude With aC(liuainting- youl that your inithods of callinig toger(tlteri the whole coon try at tile l)roClaiulationl IS- u11on dl ptlj AIHI occaSIonS is ccnji;ttr~ 1ci, by any very motchI. And. this is (boue up~onl secerall groundo.s,.in the con ntry it is said to have giveni great disgust that the Iuilitia were call 'd fruin all the parts of' the ptrovncet to WilliamisbuLrg inl the height of* the ITIobacco season, and so ltigltly dissatisfied they are said tire to have been Universally, that they) cursed you for it with the meat & I )rinik you enttertainied theml with all InI their miouthis;So that it wcas a /65o0 chiarge to you absoIlutely throwrn away. AucI your neighbouir's conduct inl cauisingr it to be dtonle inl SiN-. eral counties by pu(tting- himself at Annapolis to the charge 0111)' (of a biottle or two of WVine & a hosIof l'ttrch is mitich better appirou ccl by tlte (;o%'crnoutr's Friend(s both tere N: there. It is much regretted by) all \vlto wvish ycul weIll &S woutld be sorry to see YOU tillnabile to stillpllrt your- cltaractur %vt iwn diiyisti't ofi ( uyritinent, y' upo 1 m11 tany stitli occaisionts ymii s(litIlrtian ii) a ayis they' Siay ahiittttaitci. itt ittitity' to no thllr purpoe hutt tuo create a itet fitt you ill tltic~ wh1o valuef hecir utottey at aitotlter. rate.. I")) ull people it is tlhutught a mitliol tniwii lh ti mch to I 'I titeliry &I tio corrutpt, the u1,it'iatus out a uolluuntry toi asslilihleh &"ý to call togutliurth people ill y" tututtuer, & ill trutthi I lately hiaul a iwrso \,icrwhen I dinieth inl tilc'i ity, (lh(lari: y ' he saw% 5()(, duuttll (Ik olimo tm'solsr, & Sttsuu to his assertliuss %so thu grei-t stifflitess& yet %i itltuilt alily' 5i'('ilitti h("itpim toi clct ihtilm yoi F11' cc lletimy. Atil if I inay iil~ti'1iii Ilit) (tutI ojittit1i, ohw cl'iiiutttttt 'jihi anri cm utlu'iiicluu~et & ii-,1111lu whtiuci &mIltdcr, &-\\11h.t1 as"'.i'ithih', ill a tubil ateC \6o r ii,ý hh&iiiith 1702.] 72 and y' they are but very few, & these wise men, who do fare not the'vorse for being in much company. Thus, [)ear Sir, I have adventured to display towards your Excellency the truest part of Friendship in the world which is to let you know what pieople say of you. And God forbid but that you should take it as such, S& no0t in the least amiss in me who design nothing therein but to give you such a light that you may know the better how to steer your cours,; whOich appears to us very ID)angerous. I do assure you yi I have invented nothing herein of my ownv hiead but repeat to you what we begin to hear of you from all sorts of 'peopl cuomting from these Iparts, For y own par I tl do what I can to avoid all occasions of htearing. But N1. Perry tells rile the change rings so of you that it puts him tio ouclh tin asiness. And froll what 1, altllho' at ouch distance, osar, I am folly tersoax hlie has r,'asoit fur what lit says, AntI now give toe ani fulk, I I 1 11 N lili I (1' 11' (~~11 leave to antd soinitLiti, of toy own.;Xnd that I stem to Itlitvi so liard of you as all hie fiore gipiaIg curilars woul ilmport. IBut fromt what is obIvious & evidetic give te have to impart to you the best advice I cati. And first with reftrence to ytour amiours I shall say but little having spoke my mind suitfficiently in roy twio last. Ilowevtr, I must not foirlbear to advise )you as to the relations & Friends of that ILady to yive them nio further molestation. Itt truth, if )you will considter wvith what tr cc tical lanigiiage & in what fire antd fury you have vented yourself tutwvards thiem, you are not in the least to blame them y' they have cotnceived i an atversion insteadl of an esteem & Love for you. In the nature of things it must so alli oiut & y'ou cannot blameC tlhei tchat they cannot stifle nature. It is not ictrt as ill shime I brararious count ries whitre thi' tender Lady is ofteit dlrai'd into the Sulttn's acts ust reaking in the tlood of liter nearest rc'latiions & ti 11111st sct iiroll uli" setl li her avrsiotn. hit Iulglish womni (iouii kotllix' i arct the hIrcit ill e worldl will nott 1h wtion 1tv cIttraiilit lt ut Itati ultitha wh 1it tis 'i t 41m 1 tr hits rt ii l. \\ehl, t ii nds is to td t LadvciiI canlnot hc 4obi'incl, & ymu mulw t submlit to) V01,1 ltes &, ilh( natilral IN."ti ()t;Il n1111hap'Py c4litnhw1t. ut.t it wmlld hc a bllell, (' "S I lcronick part, ill you c ild ).you lirst tirowine off ill ilitthuglts of dlesigin s oti thlat ptrsotii & icirrcviiigii iii the htcituri with 4- I teifect intlint le nctiuc 01 itt' to h e iill you slit \' yto rstl c It ctly r'coiuciled to hiti Iw t ithttr', hit' fiuitily & ill otultrs with x'im yt hixi' Ittit at (Odhs ()i h1r a1ccount. hi will br stuch a conlquist \ve Myo r:Welf as \\Ill snr)ciVcrl yo ill thw 'trlm of all t i hose With \\1ho)Iml youl hlavc muh 1(icl 1s 73 [D702. sened yourself on that score. But I must go further with you & urge this upon you from more Christian considerations. It grieves me to the heart to hear so many undeniable evidences of your being transported into such degrees of malice & revenge as will more than hazard your salvation & do at present turn your prayers into sin; for your own soul's sake, therefore, let me conjure you to be perfectly reconciled to them and to treat them with y" humanity, affability & courtesy which becomes a Christian. Secondly, when you shall have totally subdued your passions & resentments it will be needless I hope to advertise you against swearing & vociferation so Much noted in. you of late. However, being a little personally concernetl in this (art of your amntedmnient pardon me if I lay before you a consideration respectinig yourself your Excellency may Iplease to know I have not taken a little pains to exalt your character for religion among-st the Gentlmetin 4f the Society's -here int Eng(land, so that you have been brought into their, highei.st E.stleem, & now if they should comie to tear what I do daily tear now of your swearing not to speak of your otlher itittioralitys with what confitsion think yoru nmust I look tlhemi in the face & how coriternilibly will they look upon tie as not knowing how to make a right judgntille t of iMen which I assure you is reckoned a great innqualification for business. And here I niust not forbear to let you hear a very material passage betwixt niy Lord of hLondon & myself relating to this very thing. A little before Cot. Quarry arrived, his lordship had received from Merchants & others an account as of the Phantastical conduct of your amiours & the violent treating tIhe council & assemblyman & the best of tihe province, so of the I Horibly maniner of your swearing nay of something of that which is mentioned in thie third article above. He sent for toe to tell me this & to consider what was to be said or done in refi:rence to you. And what think y)'ou was his advice in the inmatter? WIty truly to oswrn that you are beconre distracted &,downi right tiad, for y' a better apology could not be madt for yo)t as wcell it) youtr onii excuse as of your friends here who have taketi so much pains to support you, & in order to y' to trullp t ou t tyouutr Ipruises, I hatl writtui this I ass;tage to y u itl nmy letters by Cut. Quarrmy, hntt that tworthy ( etntlhman tolld it would be neculless to give ytou so minucl sotrerness of minmmd as thisnt account wouthl create ill yoml, he dlesigntiMg to be very ulain withn yutt himmnsehf i Itis inmlBrmrnations, but ntow, utmn tearing tIt:e sattie things repeattd by this List slti ing, I think it neces 17o2.] 74 sary to let you know to what desperate straights and difficultys you have brought your best Friends to apologise for you. Thirdly, pardon me if out of the sincerest & truest Friendship in the world to you, I step a little out of my way as a divine to give you my thoughts as to your way of treating the Gentlemen or any of the subjects of your Government. It is very easy to conceive how natural Fire & HeI at of temper added to that conversation you heretofore had with a nation & Government where violence and arbitrariness are the sole methods of Government, may have too deeply imprinted in you such ideas of Government as are not so agreeable to the most freeborn people & the most impatient of servitude in the world. True it is, a more violent treatment would not only have been endured even by Englishmen, but perhaps would have been well enough approved of in former reigns. But the case is quite altered now & does more every day alter since the revolution & should arbitrariness alone become your accusation in an English Parliament, it is not all your former merits nor all the friends you have created to yourself by them will be able to save you. And I am sure & positive in this judgment. But I do not know why 1 mayn't also here interpose as a divine, & it is positively my opinion that an arbitrary & violent treatment of subjects savours altogether of a barbarity which is fittest for the Heathen or Mahometan Nations, & agrees not in the least with the spirit of Christianity yt it should take place among Christian Powers. I am sure the great Author of our salvation was characterised (& we cannot approach too near to his temper & conduct in all our capacitys as well publick as private), I say our Saviour, & be it known to you Hle was a king, was signalised for a quite contrary disposition & conduct with mankind. He shall not strive nor Cry, non vociferabitur. H1e shall not use vociferations, neither shall any man hear his voice in the streets, Math. 12: 19. And indeed, if it were but with regard to our own tranquility & peace of mind we should learn of him to be thus meek or mild & humble, for by this alone we shall find rest unto our souls, enjoy peace & quiet both within uts & without us; & believe me ye government of y' universe is not worth the having upon othTe Terms. Now I must conclude with intreating you to reflect upon this narative in such a manner as to give your friends no uneasiness in the good office they have or shall do for you. 1 beseech you do not force us to hang our tails, as your friend M'. Perry terms it, but let your reconciliation with those you think 75 [1702. your Enemies be perfect & your conduct in the Country fair & state & yo' whole management with prudence, & in so doing you may yet secure yourself & our credit who gave our words & promise for you as particularly he does who is, Sir, Your Excellency's Most obliged HUMBLE SERVANT. Mr. Commissary BLAIR'S Memorial against Governer NICHOLSON. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR GRACE, Being sensible how difficult it is to find your Grace so free from company & other weighty business that you can afford audience of that length as to hear me tell the stories of my troubles in Virginia, and of the disappointment of those good designs for the carrying on of which Gov' Nicholson had so much of your Grace's assistance towards the procuring him the Governm' of of y' Country, I have chosen to set down the chief of these things in a true & plain narative, in hopes your Grace will find some leisure to peruse it, & will take those just measures y' the circumstances of so extraordinary a case do require. I need not put your Grace in mind how faithfilly and diligently I served G- N- in the business of his promotion to that Governm'. While I was last in England, it was at his earnest importunity & upon his charge I undertook y' voyage and negotiation, & performled it with all the zeal for his service & as little burthen to Ihis illrse as was pIossile. I may say it without vanity yt saved him at least many hundreds of pounds, he must have been out in any other way of procuring such a Government, for tho' he had given me a letter of credit & full power to launch out money either to courtiers to procure him an interest or to Lawers & Solicitors to draw y* papers and negotiate thle business. I spent him not one hartlhing in any of those things; your Grace's & other good Bishops' favour supplying ye lplace of a purclhased interest, & my own pains in drawing all pa3pers & memorials & in attending the 1702.] 76 proper times & opportunitys for pressing on the affair, supplying y" part of Lawyers & Solicitors I lost in y' service one year's salary of my parish, which was as good as i0oo, besides all other losses & inconveniences by leaving my family & business, & I fairly hazarded my own ruin from S' Eldmund Andros by undertaking y" affair, which tho' it was manage(d with so many losses, hazards & difficulties, & attended with the wished for success attained in so I Ion't" a way I can't say I ever had so much as thanks, far less any other consideration for that service. He took an opportunity not long after to tell me y' what I did was for my own ends, & there is no subject he has insisted on more frequently than to upbraid me with ingratitude, & sometimes lie makes his boast to others, & has bragged of it to myself y' he only made a tool of me, & both li & his friend C- N- in their rlepresentations for England have so detracted from & villitled this service y' all the part they assign to me in it is that I honestly delivered yt G(overnor's Letters, but after some experience of his temper I found his behaviour to me in point of gratitude was not singular, & that he served all his old friends in Virginia, w\ho had been true to him in the worst of times, & had endured the frowns of S' Edmund Andros's government upon his account after tlhe very same manner, it being a true part of his character y' he is very kind to all tlose from whom he has any Expectation, but the most ungrateful man in the world when the service is done and lie thinks has no more occasion for them. But to go on with my story. He began his Government w1' picking a quarrel with me upon the subject of moderacon which your Grace & several other of his friends had recommended to him in those very letters wlich I carried him in together with his commission, for when he had perused the letters himself & shew'd them to me he asked me what the Devil they ment to recommend moderacon to him & when I answered that his friends were all of opinion y' it was tlhe best advice could be given him, for said I they have seen the articles which were exhibited against y' Excellency from Mlaryland &8 judged that all those ill things they accuse you of proceeded from your paision & they know that in Virginia as you have many friends so likewise you have divers Enemies of S' E. Andros's party & therefore they are afraid of his resentmt". I can't but be of their opinion that y' best way is to forgive & forget & to begin upon a new foot & to mak y' self & every lbdly else. To)i this lie replyed very hodtly "G(-, I know better to Govern Virginia & Maryland than all y' lBishops in England, if I had not 77 L17o02. hampered y" in Maryland & kept them under I should never have been able to have governed them." " S'" said I, "I don't pretend to understand Maryland but if I know anything of Virginia they are a good natured tractable people as any is in y" world and you may do what you will with them by the way of civility bult you will never be able to manage them in that way you speak of by hampering and keeping them under." My Lord this was the very day his commission was published, & at another conference or two on ye same subject in less than six weeks' time when I told him the danger of losing assemblies he seemed to make nothing of it & said he could find a way to govern the country without assemblys but that way was a secret he thought not proper to intrust to me how much soever he was bent upon it for fear I should give him some trouble in his newss designs; he carried the argumnent to that heilght y in a great passion he commandled me never to speak to him more in any matters relating to ye Governm'n but to let him alone & to metlddle with my own business \,'h I readily promised perceiving that he was strongly bent upon violent methods in which I was resolved not to be concerned. I have hadl frequent occasions since to retlect on this discourse, & to observe from it a vulgar error concerning Gov\ Nicliolson imputing all the violence of his Governm' both in Maryland & Virginia to his passion or his amour whereas it is certain they proceeded from dlesign & intention which his passions were only made use of to cover & conceal, & I was the more confirnmed in this Nh lien I considered what a quite different part lie had acted while he was 1 (U' of Virginia & how mildly & calmly I have seen him behave himself towards strangers & upon several other occasions when gentleness & meekness would serve a present turn & y' the change began not with his aniour but with his promotion to the Government in chief of that country & was contilnued uniformly & without interruption except on two several occasions -when his interest (not his passion) obliged him for a little while to act an other plan; one was when lie persuaded the asselnlbly to advance: 5 or 6xo towar(s y' defraying the charge of y" implrisonment & trial of some pirates that hail been taken in the Country which they allegcedl ought to have liecti defrayed out of the spoil of the said pirates; the other was when lihe wnted addressus from the assemlly in his favour to siupport his tottering interest & reputation in L'ngland; uponi both which occasions (noutwithstanrding his lpassion & anioiir) he did a(mira;lly act a go i natuunu cgutlrtiiois (;ov' i lh' both il y' interval ietweeni & all the time before & after these two occasions he has acted the ()uite 170o2.] 78 Contrary, viz: the arbitrary insolent & abusive part in pursuance of a maine designe hlie is a carrying on which I shall by & by discover. leing thus laid aside from all opportunitys of offering any advice I was quickly amazed sw' thile strange stories I heard of his rudeness and abusiveness mixt with terrible cursing & swearing to all sorts of 1peole( to y deigree y' nobody went near him but in dread & terrour & that in the very councils he was so furious, imperious & nienacing that it was observed & distinctly heard in houses a great way off, & all pIcoile seemed to be struck with his begining of his G;overnment at so strange a rate of arbitrariness, insolence & profaneness. And indeed, my Lord, these fits of passion (whether real or counterfeit) are so habitual to him & are acted with so much rage & fury, & do so lively resemble those of a mad not in his looks gate & gesture that the greatest patience is not able to eidure it, nor no words can sufficiently describe it. One night as wsll phretenth to describe an hurricane to o.ne yl never saw it, as to think to describe the brutality and savageness of liis passions to make strangers sensible what sort of Ithings they are, if they never were eye & ear witnesses of themn, such was likewise his pride and self conceit, y' he tihoughlt it below hinm to consult with any- person whatsoever & was altog( ether incapable of advice, reasoning, or contradiction. I was utterly at a loss what conjecture to minake conceriiig his designs, for it seemed at first as if he had laid down a resolutio to disoblige and abuse all nmankintld, for he spoke in the most contemptable terms of all the best Gcntlensen we had in tlse country, treating themn with the vile names of rogues, rascals, villains, & cowards, & swearing that hle valued them no more than thle dirt under his feet. Ile dlid often sector, bhlly & threaten to cut their throats & sometimes gave c:halleingts kfiowing the station he was in secured him that they would not be accepte'd whichl was the occasion that his foriesr tameness, when in other circunmstances, lie %was chliallenged & insuiltoII by a (Geniitleman of that country, was oftess rememsred int compar;cd w"' iis tiectoriu s and abusivenesss & Lewdntess, all whlich gave sic the chiaracter of a bf mans. Oss thle other hand recollecting his charitys, his constancy iin iublick psrayrs, liis vigoutr & diligence in stirring about & tdriving on the busincess of Ihis (Gocrnment & Ihis shiewing, soime distingiishing ressect.s at y' tisie to the li-t mniii of our clergy (tho' this is buite altered sisnce) I was tor a gr-at while so blinhded with my foriser gooc opinioniii of hiimss & herhal;ps with all not a little biiss(l by Isy ) owin interest & rci-ptation which I kisew were finsly linkdI with his, that for a great while after In was detected 79 [1702. by others that were near witnesses of his life & conversation I inclined to y* charitable side, had still good hope of him, defended him on all occasions & took him to be a good man at bottom, only I thought he had been much spoiled in Maryland, his temper soured there, so finding them a people much wrought upon by terror & threatening, y' he had laid it down as an unha1py maxim to himself y' the way of terror was the best way to manage tlhse countrys and I confess at that time I had o)bserved nothing of dishonesty nor of any downright immorality more than I was willing to ascribe partly to his great passion & partly to his false maxims of policy & partly to human frailty & infirmity. But while I was in this uncertainty of opinion about him it pleased God to open my eyes after a very strange and unexpected manner the particulars whereof are not so proper to be put in writing in gen'. It was a scene of one of the vilest & grossest sorts of Lewdness described to me with horror by such certain proof & conviction y' I could no way answer nor resist it. It had almost broke my heart with sorrow & made strange impressions upon me so as to \work in me a total alteration of my former opinion of that Gent" for I confess, my Lord, I could never Induce myself after this to have any good thoughts of his sincerity in religion but look't upon him from that hour as a great monster of Immorality & my opinion received daily confirmation by the new discoverys I made upon enquiry into the particulars of his life & conversation. I found great observations had been made in many Gent' I ouses in the country of his strange lewdness to a degree of impudence & Brutality beyond that of most other men, for not contented with such vitious companions as himself & such men cou'd easily find in all countrys, he made many base attempts upon persons of honour & virtue & those with such abundance of rudeness & violence as looked more like a design of perpetrating a rape than obtaining a consent. Then for malice & revenge it is not easily credible what abundance of satisfaction he took in it, how diligently he pursuted it to the utter ruin not only of the parties whom lie took to be his adversaries but of all their acquaintance, friends & relations. I could give your (Grace several instances of this & of his cruelty & bloody mindedness for lhe has talked to me for many months to.tgether of nothing else but designs to cut the throats of several particular persons & in the whole story of his aimours w'' then broke out lie gave such numerous instances of Fury, jealousie & revenge &C threatening 1703.1 80 &C with many other extravagant things of this nature that I really came at last to consider him as a man of the blackest soul & conscience that I had ever known in my life for I found when once he had affronted any man to that height as to reckon him his enemy he then thought himself absolved from all rules of justice, honour & honesty to such a lperso to that degree yt if he could ruin hinm in his good name by the Itlsest & grossest lyes & calumnies, or in his Estate by the basest tricks law suits & circumventions, or in his friends by all the seeds of enmity & discord yt could possibly be sown, or in his correspondence by intercepting & breaking open his letters, or in any thing else wherein lie could work his ruin or prejudice, he stuck at nothing for compassing his revenge & in contriving the ways & means thereof, I found y' of all otlher thin.,s hei was by much the most inventive and ingenious. COUNCIL OF VIRGINIA TO THE kUEEN. Vt'a, itxNtA, May the 2oth, 1703. TO THlE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MNAJEI.tV, VWe the Subscribers, Members of your Majesty's Council of your Colony and Dominion of Virginia contiding in your Majesty's Great Goodness and care of your people beg leave in all humility to represent your Sacred Majesty, that nothing but a true regard to your Majesty's Service, the Peace and Hlappiness of this Colony & to that trust your majesty has been pleased to repose in us should have at present induced us to this unusual way of addressing your Sacred Majesty for relief of our selves & other your MIaj,:sty's good & Loyall Subjects of this country from the many great grievances & pressures we lie under by reason of the unusuall, insolent & arbitrary methods of Government as well as wicked & scandalous examples of life which have been now for divers years past Iput in practice by his Excellency Francis Nicholson, Esq', your Majesty's Lieutenant and Governor General of this Colony, which we have hitherto in vain endeavoured by more soft & gentle applications to him 8 [1703. self to remedy & prevent, but to our unspeakable grief we have reaped no other fruit of our more private complaints & representations but that thereby we have so highly exasperated the revengefull mind of your majesty's said Governor to the I leight of imlplacalble malice & l'Eninity against ourselves and the better part of your Majesty's good & Loyal Stlubjects of this colony who are of the same sentiments, that without your majesty's seasonable interposition \Ve can not but apprehend the dangerous consequences of such practises not only in kindling & fomenting of lasting feuds & animosities among your majesty's good subjects here but endangering the publick peace and tranquility of this your Majesty's Country. The particular instances of the Mal-administrations of your Majesty's said Governor are so many that we fear the very enumeration of the several sorts of them would be an encroachment on your Majesty's patience & gooldnless. And therefore we we have chosen rather to transmit them in memorials to some noted friends of this country to be by them laid before such persons as your Majesty shall think tit to appoint to receive & examine the same; humbly praying your majesty's gracious consideration of our deplorable circumstances; and that the Government of this your Colony and D)ominion of Virginia may be put into such hands as will observe yiour Majesty's Laws & Instructions, & copy after the Bright Exalmple of your Gracious reign and Government to the unspeakable Satisfaction of all your NMajesty's subjects ot this Colony, and among them none more than, May it please Your Majesty, Your Majesty's most Loyall, most duotitfull & most obedient, Subjects and Servants, RumE-R CaTi, J. LiliTFvooT, JAMEs B.LAr, MA'rITHEMw PAGiE, PHIILL. LUDWEI.I, BE-NJ. Il iARRISON. A True Copy, JolN POVEY. 82 COL..UARRY to the LORD BISHOP OF LONDON. Oct'. y* 15'"h, 1703. RIoTr 1 ot" & I. REIvu, I have been honored with two letters from your Lordship since my return to America, which gives me the satisfaction of Knowing yi' soie of my Letters are got safe to your hands, but ami very much conicernedi that I should be mistaken or misinformed in any representation that I have oiade to your Lordship. I an sure it hith & ever shall be the utmost of my care to represent notthing to your ILordship but true matter of fact however I will allways lay my hand on my mouth lwhen I have the misfortiiune to differ in opinion from your Lordship. Perhaips his Excellency requiring %'. Comiss'ry Blair to discharge the duty of his several offices may by hiim bie called giving the first occasion of the difference but allowing that the Government had already given some offence to the Commissary ought lie not to have had soeic regard to those many favours & ohligations which the Gov' hath in so eminent a miannier laid on him? Ought he not to have considered the peace & quiet of the Governnment in which by your Lordshipi's & his Excellency's fav'j he is placed in one of the highest stations? But if these had n s wciglit with hiimi yet one would think that the p'ac, tranqutitility & happiness of the Church should so far intfluence him as to make t11im sariice his private Interests, reven e & reslentmnets to ti Ii lik l ' pulick good Of yi whiCh by fso ioanly ties and obligationis lihe is bound to rll Ifer tore ill t111 iI r cItnsidl ratioiis in this world. 11ow on fit hl t acquitwid hiimsell like a chtristian or a trot son of that holy hlttrrch ot I lir th iown' conr o its tru' tort lo bath acted, I will ltavi your Lord1!hip to Judge I have laid some truie oiMlt"rs of fart hutfitri: you. Atif[ in thl firt lIC I will ieg leave to aiquaitit your Lordship that sotte titmt lith I wn it last for England t tht diftlrece htitwixt his hExcellrncy & NP. Comiss"t Blair was tinu1hafily it1inr'ovd to a gleat height, I always hal a great loniir & respect for I 'P. flair so thatt nlu criivi'rsatioti & frictildship still cuititit ed and thoi ' he eIt'riait.i'id ilt' ohti with Cimtlfihaintts akai-6 st the ( (% anId itC ifficts of his hitt le always t otk care to d'liver wltat Ite sail as thte sense anid opinion rather of others,-the general voice of y' Country rather than his own, but 83 [1703 -that I may be more particular, one day he & myself went io dine with M'. Fouiacc, in the way he was pleased to entertain me, Wvith the state of the Country, hie told me how hia;pIpIy the Gov' had been in the l)vci and esteem of:tlhe people whilst lie followed his & the rest of his rriends tlviCe & gave me partictlar instandices& of his gaining, all points both in Council & Assembly but yl situc lbv his morose Carriage.- and violent passion. hie had (lisolblig(,l & lost his friends and interest in the- Council assemibly & genierally, the whole I d)(y of thep I'wolIt were p)rejuldiced against bim to that d y're ty were rerdy for an insurrection or reel)(lion, that notlhing pre'ventted it but the interest & pirutldlen'e of somne Gentlenien that Nvere the Comiss'~" friends, lie did represent the state of the Country to hte so very dlesperate as if it wanted only setting. fire to tile. train to blowt up tIre whole Government in ruini & confusion. This disnial relation did extremely affect nie, however, I gave allowance for prejudlice w~hich I found to be very gre-at in the commissary bec.sides I could see no foundation for this Gunpowder plot & therefore was resolvetl nicely to enquire into the bottom of this business which accordingly I did without taking the least notice of it tc the ('ov' \ 1 1do assure your Lordship that the further I enquired into the truth of this matter, the less reason I found to believe any part of' it. Sonic timie after this being in Virginia & finding all things go on very smooth betwixt his EIxcY & the Assembly &- a g,,enelral satisfaiction through the vliole country I took occasion to discourse NI. Comlissy Blair and tolddhim w%,hat a great satisfaction it was to mie to see such a very good undersltanding be-twixt y' tmrr(-' and all the several parts of the Government throughout the schlole provinitce. This was at truth so evident that it left no no)otlll foir denlial So lie wvas plieased to ownl it btt withal1 told inc that this great clrn(itge iii the tetulcrr,o aiffctit its of' tlie Asseiibly, the' Courtncil &, altitost all pcti 1 t1e tr wards tihe Gov wa,,s occasiotted to rely b y his late ist raorr lita ry k itti aff,INil & olliging hls'laviotir to tlrett so rouitratsN to Ihis former treatittetit of' tletit & thltat ton', lie tad gained the litarts of lhe Counitry. T'hat tIm Go\ that eve-r wa`s tailda g reatir, att to ganthe afteCctiruts o)f' ilti people tlrail li' hail if' he \%'mild p lease to Ittake usc of, it, \Vitli abtiridatice of tore c-ircutI'anc'.'s too titliois ti trotllile yout r IL.otrdshipI with, fiir itty' Ipart I do stlciltittly di datec. y, by all the itic ob~serivationt I couldli ake I sit\%,ito sucih Chlate i ill.m1tctatitir inl tlln ( Imv', teinl per Irririorir or car'rialie tt tprim ' stw ttta sutrlrlet itirn it thre ittittis & iffli lions (f thre p tl. ioas NI.11(. tttiIsS'y ý llaro Sipc 1 to aftii, btt he, t1dn 11.ril; way to coic off iir excuse the mitalious falsereresen tatiuon which lie had 1703.1 84 made to nie. I mniust own to your Lordship that this gave me such an impression of the Conmiss' spirit and temper y' I could not have so good an esteem for himni as 1 had before it was evident to me that his wishes & endeavours were to reduce this Government to that mniiserable state which he had falsely represented that it was in. I low this can bIe reconciled to the character of a gentlecaai, a christian, much less a clergyman il So very ecuiciecit a pist ill the church, I must leave your ILordshiip to judge and noiw, any1 Lord, give mite leave to assure you by all that is sacred to a christian, that what 1 have here representced to your. Lordship is truth which else I would not aftirmn for the value of to,on0 worlds & I do furrtheir assure your Lordship that no consideration less than a ldue regard for the peace, quiet and security of the church & state in North AmericWa & and that of your Lordship's unspotted hlonour should have made mre give vucicr lordship this repeated trouble. IILid the ill effects of M'. Blair's rude and barbarous treatmient of his Excellency been only confined to the limits of Virginia your Lordship should have had thiis relpresentation of it from other pens, not from me; but since it is become the topic of the civil IMagistrates as well as of the clergy in all the Governmnients on the main I thought it myy duty to lay it before your Lordship and to acquaint yCou with what is the gen 'ral discourse & notion of the best sort of men on this ciccasuoni. Sonic are pllatsel to say "What, can't an English church & clergy cinder an E1 n'lish Fstablishued Governin' be governed witlhout a Scotch Coiuiiss' being set over thicin; this is worse than IDutch & French officers over an Eung-lish army, can't our universities & the whvlole KIiingdom afford an English macn qualicied to crcvsie ouer our Clergy without being forced to send a Scotch mail especially since there is Z400 Sterlin' to support ani English Gentlemana douly qualifcid fuor those places?" cOthers are pleased to say that the Sccotclh have already ngross't almost all the trade of the:se parts of the worldl & must they govern the church too, must those y' never were true sons of the church become rulers &, almost Fathers of it. This will quickly spot and lblecmish the most pure & buest church in the world. Others d(o heartily wish & pray that youir ILordlship may not send any more Scotch clergy amongst them for those that are now with thcem will fare the worse for their Countrymnan's behaviour to Gov' Nicholson. The civil Magistrates they seem to fear lest yg factious Scotch Shuirit should diffuse itself into thle wore Northern P'roivicces. & disturb thie quiet of those Governmnenits & therefore do hope that no Scotch slihall ever serve with them. 'Thus I have taken the freedom 85 [1703.1 to lay before your Lordship some few hints. Should I be particular it would fill many sheets & tire your Lordship which obliges me to contract this subject. And now my Lord give me leave to say that as no man living can have a greater concern & true regard for the peace, prosperity & happiness of both church & state than your Lordship hath, which is a truth allowed by all that have either known or but heard of your Lordship, so give me leave to say that never any man had such an opportunity put into his hands to secure & preserve both thro' all the Governmn'nt ofl North America as your Lordship now hath by discouraging and discountenancini g '. Comiss'y Blair in all his malicious attempts & designs against his 'xcellency Gov' Nicholson. This will effectually root up all the seeds of faction in this (overnment for those few uneasy spirits that are joined in Interest with PM. Blair as soon as they find yt your Lordship hath discouraged him, and they very well know that he hath no other support or dependence,-will immediately come to themselves, see their former folly & consult their true interest & no longer disturb the peace & quiet of this Governmt whereas on the other hand should NI. Blair be in the least encouraged or supported in the many ills that he hath been guilty of, it will quickly increase & augment the number of factious uneasy spirits & make them attempt far greater evils to the ruin & disturbance of both church and state. All which is now in your Lordship's power to prevent & to establish the complete happiness of both, & now, to use the words of a great man, if ever so good & great a work be done this is the time & therefore 1 do with all good men who love the peace & prosperity of Jersalem most heartily pray that God Almighty would be pleased to put it into your Lordship's heart to improve the-blessed opportunity which he hath put into your hands. I am very well assured that your Lordship will have a farr greater respect & reguard to the united voices of all your clergy not only & Virginia but of all the Governm'' of America together with y" voices of prayers of many thousand true sons of the church who do pray for the peace & prosperity of it than for the sly insinuations of a few factious pre'jldiced men who were they to live a loo years could never be able to do a thousand part of so much gooid as they have done mischief in this very Governn'. I could heartily wish that NP. ComissY were well providied for in England so y' if possible he might never return to this Government again which I hope would be happy both for ye country & himself too. If my hearty love & zeal for your Lordship's honour & the publick good of the church & state hath 1703.1 86 raised a warmth in me & forced me to speak, some plain truths, I am sure your Lordship hath goodness & charity enough to consider the true motive & freely pardon me. I should not have been so large on this subject but on this consideration if M'. iBlair had assurance enough to attempt imposing on me who was not altogether a stranger to the several interests & state of the Country especially bieing on the spott & might so easily be disabused, what bath he not done by his cunning insinuations & agents at so great a distance as England lbut what ever success he hath had in imposing on others (for I must albiw him as able to make the best of a had cause as any man) yet I am very well assured that it will 1 e imposilble fir hin with all his cunning to impose on ymir Lordship which is all I will picsiitini to say. And as to what concerns the pliresent state of the sevc-ral gus'rno' on this lmain, I must refit'(-r your Lordship to my severall memoi-ials & letters which I have tow scot to the '. I1 ni thle Iorls of' Trade.I I tad almost fiorcit to tdake notice of a great charge impiiilroved by M'. Comiss' against his Excellency y' lie hl iatlh refused or neglected to induct the clergy so y' their condition is very pirecarious & subjected to the arbitrary will of the vestrys. I can assure your Lordships from my ovwn knowledge that no nian living could be more zealous to remedy this cvill & secure this point for the clergy thin the (i,"' was, which applliearedl by his instructions to mie when I went last to En' glandl beiing ordered to lay it before your Lordship andl get the Attorniy G(nieirall's opinion on the act of assembly of this iprovincce which accordingly I did & biroiiught it with me but it proved in some tlhings short for tho' 'twas positive y' in case the parish dlid not present in a limited time y' then that right did devoute to the Crowni & that the Gov' mig-ht Induct but gave no direction lwhat processes or miethods ought to be used in case the Vestry did refiuse to obey or should shut the church doors against the ministers inducted(l which niu'.ht very well be expected. His Excellency very well considered this to be a matter of great tmotient & tiherefire tlhought it not safei to put it to the hazard till he coull get fuirther advice & directions elfectually to secure this great Concern anid hath sent again about this ibusiness by NI'. Jotics & I can assure y' Ldsip. that the Gov' resolved soon as lie ri-celives ' further advice & udirections y lie daily expects, lie will take thei pOlr iethiods f doiig the clerigy' Jjustice & sectiurig this point for thellt, of which I bliheve they arte all very well satisfied & so&me of the Gentlemnen know that it is not his Excellency's fault y' this business hath been ilelnyed so lonug but Ni'. Comissy Blair's. I have this account from some of 87 [70o4. the clergy who gave me several instances of his endeavours to encourage & support the Vestry's against them. This method he thought would make him popular with the people & at the same time endeavouring under hand to lay the fault on the Gov'. A more full acet' of this matter your Lordship will have from those very Clergymen y' have been thus treated by the Comiss'Y to which I refer. I could not omitt the sending your Lordship the Copy of an address signed by MN. ComissY Blair to show your Lordship how inconsistent this gentleman is with himself having under his own hand contradicted what he so industriously & zealously endeavoured to impose on all & in particular on myself. I will not take up more of your Lordship's time to comment on this doubhl, unchristian dealing but refer to your ILordshil's Judgment. This goes by Col. l)aniel Coxe who will give your L.ordship a very good account of most governments in Ainrici. I will not lprcsume to trespass any fulrther on your L.ortlship's lpatience iut most huiblly to beg your L.ordship's blessing & leave to subscribe myself as I most truly am R' Honbl' Your Lordship's most obed' son & humble servt ROBERT QUARRY. Afe davit of STEPHEN FOUACE relating to the ma/administration of Col. NICHOLSON, Governor of Vir ginia. 25t April, 1704. Pursuant to the i)irections of the Right I onb,1 the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, S'rEP II EN F 0i) A C E, Clerk, maketh Oath. i)'t soon after Colonel Nicholson was made Governor of Virginia the Deponent being at M'. Commissary Ilair's with the said Col. Nicholson with several others, the said Colonel Nicholson went out after supper into the Garden with Colonel Jennings & there fell out with him into a very loud and 1704.] 88 outrageous passion using to the best of the Deponent's remembrance the vile names of pitifull rogue, Rascall, Thief, &c., and withall threatened to kick him. The )eponent further saith that some time after being alone with the said Colonel Nicholson lie took the freedom to tell him that he the Deponent was sorry and concerned to hear his severe usage in ill names & threatenings to Colonel Jennings, a Gentleman of good family and one of the Council. He toIok particular notice to him of thie inditgnity of his calling the said Colonel Jennings a Thicf upon which friendly and hunble admonitionition of the lDeponent he tile said Colonel Nicholson was so far from regretting his unworthy usage to Colonel Jennings that he continued his threatenings against hinm and justified particularly his calling him a T'hief. The I)Deponent fuirther saith that once oil a Sunday the said Colonel Nicholson callcd (in his way to IKikotan) at the house of the 1 )eponcnt albout 5 of the clock at night and kept him walking to and again without going in a doors and entertaining hiln for near six hours together with a fiirious discourse of his designs of reven ge against his Mistress's father, Blrother, and other relations that were he thought against his match, swearing that his suite must end in blood, that he would have satisfaction of Major lBurwell (his Mistress's IFather) and a great deal more to thel samne purpose. When as a minister and a Friend whomn he had not then yet personally abused, the I )tponent entdeavourcd to pacity Ihis mind towards Major hlurwell and others as havinig given him no just cause of such resentmenlts and desired him as a Christian to reflect seriously upon the sinfulness of his bloody designs and resolutions and the ill consequences of them (if he put themn in execution) as to his worldly interest and reputation in E:ngland and Virginia, all that the I)eponent couldt say to that purpose was in vain and without eff.ect. The Deponcnt further saith that waiting once upon hinm (the said Colonel Nicholson) with one Mr'. Shropshire (a cler-gymitan who was lately turnued out of his parish by some leading mien of thie Vestry without any just cause), to beg the favour of him to recommend him to BIlisland Parish where he had madle some interest and had no competitour he not only refused it hium in very rough terms but niad' him also uniderstand that he would oippose his being rc(:eived there; Ullcotl which h'. Shropshire intreating himii further that lie would thetn give huim leave to mtake application to sonme of the parishes that were beconme vacant by the death of their ministers lately deceased and whom 89 [1704. he named to him: "What do you," saith he, "talk to me of this and the other minister being dead? I wish there were forty of you dead. The Quakers are in the right, you are all hirelings," upon which bitter and untrue reflection having observed to him that we did not expect that name from him for taking the moderate Salary the Law allowed us; we took our leave and went away wondering betwixt our selves how we & the world had been imposed upon by his lprtenlded zeal for the church & clergy. The )eponent further saith that once at a meeting of the Gov" of the College (;ov' Nicholson fell abruptly no body knew why into a fit of passion & cursing against some Gentlewomen which tho' he did not name were understood to be the wives of some of the Company, calling them Jades, * * * & then immediately shifting the scence from the absenct Wives to the present Husbands & others, he told us we were brutes & understood not manners, that he knew how to (;overn the Moors, that he would beat us into better manners & make us feel that lie was Gov' of Virginia. Four of the Company were of the Council & the rest some of the cliiefest men of the Country except the Deponent. At this all the Company was amazed & silent not knowing what to make of that mad, furious, distracted Speech. The )eponent saith further that he hath heard Colonel Nicholson say & threaten that he would seize the college for the King's use. The Deponent further saith that the first cause of Col. Nicholson's falling out with him appeared to be a suspicion that the Deponent by letters, had given information to my Lord of London & my Lord Arch Bishop of his strange behaviour & carriage in the Governm', without any proofs but his suspicion. He fell out once into a very great passion against the )eponent upon that account: & all the protestations the Dleponent could make to the contrary, did not pacify him, but from that time he continued full of resentment against him. The Deponent further saith that being once invited with many other frienls to dinner by Col. Ludwell, Jun', lie called in his way thither, at a friend's house where lie met NI'. Commiss' BIlair, who being in a little time after sent for by the Gov"' the I )eponent went with hiim. When they came near him lie called M'. Blair aside to him & in a very little time after thley were walking together, the I )eponent heard him very loud (as lie is always when in a passion) for near an hour together. At last he dismissed M'. Blair who being asked after 1704.J 90 wards by the Deponent what might be the reason of the Governor's anger answered that the subject of the Governor's loud discourse with him, was of that consequence to him (the I )eponent) that hlie thought himself in conscience obliged to acquaint him with it. "Why," saith he, "he hath sworn several tines to nic that ]he will cut the throats of three men (if his Mistress be married to another Ihsid's himself) viz: the 1Brido groom the Minister & the Juistite of PI'it'ce that shall giv the Li'ir'ce. Now this dr'adttll threatiing concorns you not only as you arn the Minister of the Parish where his mistrcss livth, Ibtit talso irponl the account of your being the Gov' Rival as Ie bath now a jealousy of you.' 'This I St til otiind tt to etrt indel d by expe''ri'nce 'for 'twas not long after this tlhat llon It first dtay t March I 70; Coltontl Niclholson wtvtaylaid t e as I was cItoiting at might from Malor Iit urwt'hl who was thitn vtry sick. As I camie nVar thi' plact wt'i It' was af t st onme histani' roit the IRotii inll thei wtood heI c(t'41 ttt tiwmirhds tme & hItting _10 ttr 30 Vact d't f'trt te IM. 1w crtlkt & at the samte titite mttade totwards ilme as I did towards htiit. W\Vlie we camt tear ote anotlter he accosted mie with a very. atingry look, very ahtruptly in th:se very words (raising his voice to a perfect vocift'ration) "I cortmiatd you in the King's ntamtt & upon your Canotnical otdtlence as I an ytour Hishopl not to go to thatt ltttuse (p;ointinig to Majtor lutrwell's hoitst) exctpt you be sent for, nor to speak to the yoting Lady.'' "\'hy S" said 1, beiing frightened( & much amnazed "what is thlie matter? Does tyour I xc' take ne for your rival? I can asstiure you S' I tive not that foolish presumption to think to be troferred to your Excellency. 1 nevor spoke or acted anythinti that ctould justly give you any such jealousy." " Itlold your prate Sirrali," said he to tie, '"I have taken good notice of yotu, you ar: an iptitudent Rogue, a Villain, a Rascal, you are now instolent and proud, but I'll humblet e you & brino diotwnt ytour haiughitiness. Whict you cause lithtt'r you hadt more rags than bamgs." I answered somethilli it t his puripose that if I h1att( htb-n forinerly as poor as he was ileasedlI to say, it wms no shamim to havt bItti poor & that it was nothintig to his ill tisamge to no & that what'ver mty' circt'iuistai nicit's miightt now Ie tthey had 1'en better if I ithad bIin ltess ztalois ftor his Service. I'pon this hie ritvewed his otLpprohiots nutait's of iuuuiuhd'iit rascall, scOtunl'drl, &S. auid its we store riding along togci'tti' hi' ttriitd short itpo; imie laid hold of Illy hat & piulluth it offt my tiead & askcd no litow I had tIt itmpudt'ice to ride with hiit havitig tity hat oti." I relplited somiethiung to this pIurpose that I hoped hlie would not use me like a 91 [1fo4. Footman. After some more words to the same purpose he gave me my hat again & told me that I had heard his commands & that he expected to be obeyed. "S'" said I, "I must obey your Excellency; but I think your Excellency would do better to turn me out of the parish & indeed out of your (;overnnient than to conmmanId me not to do that which is my duty to do, viz: to visit the sick of my lparislh & seeing the case is -such let inme tell your EIxcellency ift' you please to have a little ipatience with me I will, I assure your HExcelleucy, go out of the Country with this Fleet & so obey your comindatisa Jmost effectually." IIt told me he bwoul he glad to see it. A little time after he slpokel thus to ime or words to this effect: "Is it not a shame for onet of your function to suffter moe to be ridliculed & ra;iled it in some Coimpani les wh(ere I know you have been? Is it not your duty to re''nv them '?" To the Ib st of 1my' retllllbrance he gave MCe al 11;o a Hint at I shu111 have acqua(lintJed hin with it. 'IT this I replycd somietlting to this purposl, that he mistook in' if hIn had takei toe fir an infimilier as for reprrovilig oOf them that I was not sensible hlietrein I had Cbee n wanting to lly duty, & and then I told himii as fir as I can remember that the best wvay for himii to avoid the being ridiculctd & ill spoken off, was for his excellency to take care that his behaviour & actions in his Governm' were such as did not expose himin to the odium & contenllpt of the Country. 'IThat the King of France himself with all his absolute power could not hinder inmany in his Kingldom from speaking ill of him. " Ilut seeing your Excellency is pleased to make tie mindful of lily diuty to reprove ttte evil I see done in my presence I niust miake bold to reprove your Excell'y for using at this rate in the I liglhway, in the \Woods, & in the night, & on a Sunday, a clergymana coiiiiing fromin visiting the sick of his Iparish. lThis sort of usatge is not agreeable I must needs say to the character of a zealous son of the church." 'ITo this as I remember lie replied nothinig particularly, but continuing on our way & lie in his passionl uponll soniie ainswers I Inmadcle him & soime hints I gave him that I thad deservel better usage 'rin hlltitit, Ife gtave tilt ovt:r again the base ianiles of Rascal &'. & addled that of' landitti & fiiur several times ran wiitlh his horse towards tie to lay' 1h(old of ime as I tiomight tlircatiming withall once to laslh & druil) ICe ts a villaitin & a rguIe ais he saiil I wVas. I tooik good care being well mounted to avoid his l 1(ay'1itg ill of mI, lbut Iiing frighted by his thlieatnittgs & coinsidh'iingt that we were tlone il the light & that he had his Pistols & Swords, & havitng often lhard that he killed a imn whether it be true or no I do not say, I ran away froti Ilitii as fast as lily horse 1704.] 92 would carry me & took a special care afterwardst never to meet or be with him alon11 again. When upon lly comling away from Virginia 1 waited upon Colonel Nicholson & told himi that I came to take my leave of him & receive his commiands for England if lie pleased to honor me withi any, lie spoke to ilte in these words: "I thought that you night know that I am (Gov' of Virginia." "S'," said I, ''I do know it & it is therefore that I come now to wait on your Excellicy to pay liy diuity & receive your commaiiinds." Well," saith lie to me, have you got toy Lord of Londion's I.icence to go for Ilugl0and?'" 'No S'," said I, "I suppose I do not want such a Licence. My lord of Londion I ami confident docs nrot dsire to keep any clergyman against his will in Virginia.' "Well,"' saithli he to tme agaiin, "take you notice thliat I will not give )you leave as you are a clirgymnan to go for IEnigland." 'Sir" said I, "I have coin1lied with the Law of it, Cooutotry. I have a Pass accordingly out of the Secci: tary's Oftice & I think wilth submission that I cannot le le.&lly stoplt. I wonider your Fxcellb icy should now hi against ty goiiig to E'ligland when not long a'o you'r I cellimicy slt''oiMid to be tlesirous I sholuld." " la!" ' saith he, "go & tc11 th iI so ill E1Kngland,'" (le umeant I soppose his late usage of tie.) Itcrct(1)on)1 he called imie of his servants who being come lie bid him call NP. Blair, Nr. Cony, NI'. Robertson, & NPI'. Harrison whvlio being all come he asked hNI'. Blair whether I had shewed him a licence of the Bisliop of London to go for England. "No S'" saith hI'. Blair "hlie liatli not. I wonder how hlie slhould, 'tis such a thing as was never required of any clergyman before going out of this Country for England.",S'" said the CGov' in wvords to this effect, "I will not argue the thiig with you now, I desire you only at present to take notice as you are Commiss, & you I'. I Harrison as you officiate in the place of the Queen's attorney & you N'. Cony as you are my chaplain & you I'. Robertson as you are Clerk of the Council, that I do not give leave to N'. IFouace as lit is a clergymanl to leave this Country & go to England." Upon which I told his EFxcell" that it would be sufficit:nt to me if hlie pleased to give nm: leave to go as I was Stephen l."Fouace. O)n thet 30thi f Ju3ly following, being thIe day thiat the Fleet sailetd, out of the Capes of Virginia this lxcellency beiii' on board the South II laipton mamn of War which stwas tllhem a iu tart Ship in Virginia senit an order to nie to wait upoin him, & not atil of mly complying with his connmands in the Queen's name as I would antswer the contrary at my peril. T'his order of his was car 93 [1704. ried on board of the ship where I had taken my passage, but I fearing & suspecting his design of stopping my voyage under one pretence or other I went some days before into another ship & continued hid there till the South Hampton man of War had left the Fleet. STEI'HEN FOUACE. Jurat. 25't die AprilisAnno Regni I)omin;e Nostr;e Annar Dei Gratia Angli a Scotia. Francia-, et I liberniar Regina;, Fidei D)efensoris &'. Tcrtio, Annoque D)omini 1704. Coram me. Jo: IE)ISIvRaY. Mr. J' MES BL4AIR'S af/idavit relating to the mal-administration of Co'. NICHOLSON, Governor of Virginia. 25 APRIl, 1704. THE AFFIDAVIT OF JAMES BLAIR, CLERK. Having joined in a memorial of a major part of the Council of Virginia, giving an account of the mal-administration of his Excellency, Francis Nicholson, Esq'., Governor of Virginia, I shall first speak to my knowledge of the several articles of that Memorial, then add what I know of other thinv s relating to the clearer explication thereof, not expressly contained in the said paper. i. As to the first section of that memorial concerning the Gov'' engrossing all power to himself & acting alone, without the advice & consent of the council, in the chief affairs of the Government, of which divers instances are there subjoined concerning all these, I make affidavit as follows, viz: That having been formerly of the Council during S' Ed. Andros's Gov 1704.] 94 ernment, the practice then was & as far as I understood had been from the first settlement of the Governmni' to advise with the Couincil concerning the choice of Justices of peace, sheriffls & the superior ofticers cf tlihe militia which practice is now almost totally laid aside by Gov'. Nicholson, who very often of his own accord & upon particular resentments makes great alterations in County Couirts, without advising with tilhe Council, T'lhrc are maany instances of this. 'IThose which are freshest in my imemory are of two ofi my neigh lours, NIT. George Marable & NP. Williatm I )rucinmmond, able Justices of, James City Coturt, who were struck out of the Commission of the l'Iac within a few dlays after they hal ref uscel to sign a complemenltig zulddress coincertint the Gov', which was past in a Grand Jury, of which thy; were members. Thlis refiusal of ithirs was commonly talked of as thie cause if their icing turned out, & I never heard oif any woher: this Court was helid in the parish where I was oninister. Th' like Instances I have heard of in othi parts of the Cointry, but can't say I kinow their to my own knowledge. Th le teration in the Cutrt of NAniciniiude indreid made very great ncoise, as I had it from scone of the Justices themselves, for the wholo cli Coi )rt, except two, were ii ru(ed mit, & the County not affordiing other well iqualified mncii to subilstitite in tdiir rooim, it was said the Ciunty buisiness did excccdiingly sitfer, & there was a very great clamiouir abiout it, as likewise about the cause of it, which, as I icard from scine ofl' thI saidl lustices, was tile turniniig out of an able clerk of that court, one NP'. I )aniel Sutillivant, for lending, as it was said, his vote & interest to one Captain Tlhomas Swan, who was chosen Burgess for that County (contrary to the Gov'" Inclinatiions), & substituting another Clerk in his room, whom the Court thought so insutfficient that they refused him, for which refusal they were turned out & another nuch weaker Court named, who were obliged to admitt that insufficient clerk, & it seemts between such a court & such a clerk the business was so mniiserably manccaged as occasioned this General outcry. This I know, that having ueen at all the Councils about that time the Council was not consulted in the matter. I know that the Sheriffs us'd, always since 1 can remember, to be nominatd Iby advice of council, till now of late that Governor Nicholson has quite laid aside this customn. And that the militia used to have a great deplendance on the Council, none but the Gentlemen of tIhe Cocuncil, to the best of my remembrance, Ihaving been preferred formerly to the chief command in the several Counties, & the 95 [ 704. Captains & other inferior officers having been preferred either by their nomination or recommendation, but of late both the chief commands in severall places have been otherwise disposed of, & seldom any of the Council is constilted about the inferiour ones. I knowv that there is an express instruction that the advice of the Council be taken in appointing fit persons to be naval oflicer2s, & likewise that the 1Laws of that Country conctrnini tli(h i lpositionis on Sirvints and Liq.iluors whichli the naval oflicers collect, dlo so impow1r) tve v t titv to iname the C llectors of those dlttties as to limit himi iin that nomination to tl advice of tilhe Council, notwithstanding all w,' I have never known him since I came upon the Council, take any of their advice in the putting inll or turning out of any of these officers. As to the sending( blank Commissions to favourites to fill lup with what Justices of peace they thought tit, I never saw one of them, tho I have had it I have seen several orders C pclaiitios issued out by the (ovr in the the Kin or ()ueen's name & 8 ipuilished at Court's & cliurches without any advice ill Council. As for all the precepts & warrants drawn on the receiver general I believe not one in ten of them was by advice in Council tho' there is an express instruction for that IpurIpose. I have never Seen a fhir audit of the accouints of the revenue in council since lie was Gov'. Sometimes indeed the account was slipt upon the table but never publickly read or examind, far less the warrants & vouchers to the several articles prloduced & approved. I know that M,'. Dl)ionysius \Vright was sent lhome for England as agent by his ELxcellency & I have seen in oiie of the receiver general's accounts all article of' 6o clharged as paid to him out of 1 ler Majesty's Revenue by the Gov'"! warrant, whether lie had any more I cannot tell only I am well assured the sendingi himi as agent was not commtimnicated to, far less aipproved by, the Council. And I understood by some letters fron Gentlemen of the Council in Virgiiia that Mr. Sec'y Jennings is sent home in like manner without advice of council & is paid out of her Majesty's Revenue. As to the stianding agent for V'irginia I remiember that his Excell" upon MIr. Povey's layinig down, desired the Counicil to namet one Mr. Tlirale recommended by Mr. Povey & when they aniswered that if they might have the 1704.1. 96 nomination of the Agent they would name some body that they knew & who understood the affairs of the Country, the Gov' said if they would not name him he would, & accordingly named him & 1 understand he has the Salary of /l to per ann. allowed out of the revenue to the agent for Virginia. I have seen some rules of limitation set by the ov"' to Major Tho' Swan & M'. John Bowling, Surveyors, retrenching the powers they had by law with out any advice in Council whether any such rules were set by Council to other Surveyors I know not. I know that restraints were laid upon Major Thomas Swan & Mr. John Bowling, Surveyors, that they should not survey several tracts of lands duely entered according to Law in their offices and that they should not perfect several surveys they had already begun with out any prohibition of Law or advice in Council. I have olten seen the Gov' order the recording of matters in Generall Court and Council witholut the consent or vote of the Court or Council. I have heard the late Clerk of the General Assembly & Council complain that the Cov' obliged him to pick and cull the records and send them home for England imperfect; & I have lhardl another clerk in the same fftice complain that the Gov,' urgel him to make material alterations in the records, & I have soimetimes obuservced considerable omissions in the Council lRecords which when I fioutlind tult with to tlli Clerk I understood by him they were by his Excell"' orders. Tho' I was a constant attender at Councils I never knew his Excell'y take their advice who should be recommended home to fill up the Vacancies of that board. 1 knew three County Clerks, all very able men in their offices, removed out of them without any fault alleged or proved, (that ever I could hear of), except as was said they happened to fall under his Excelly" displeasure & to make way for others more in favour. And I have been told by the present Secretary of Virginia & others that in the assembly, 1700, the money for defraying the charge of some Pirates then taken sticking long upon hand before it was allowed by the assembly, it was whispered to several Clerks who were members of tile house of Burgesses at that time that if they did not vote for giving that money they should be every one of them turned out of their places & that to terrify them the more, blank Commissions for so many clerks' places were drawn up & laid in the Secretary's office for all people to see. 97 1704.] And I remember that I heard the Gov' threaten to turn out every one of the clerks of that house not excepting, said he, the speaker himself if they did not vote right. I remember too that with out an order of assembly or advice in Council tle Gov' withheld a writ of election from amens City which before that time had been in possession of a priviletge of sending one lfurgesse to the assembly by the Law of that Country even after the seat of the;overlnm' was rtlemove(d from them. It. As to the second section of the Council's memorial, that many matters of great moment are transacted by his Excelly expressly contrary to advice in Council & the Instances there givenI remember one general assembly which the Gov' would needs call in the month of March which because that is a very scarce time of the year for provisions both for men & horse in that Country & because there is then the greatest occasion for men to be at home to look after their stocks which are th atthnt the weakest & in danger of being lost in Swamps & marshes which abound there & because there was no urgent business for an assembly, the County Complallining much of the needless charge they had been put to by unnecessary assemblys, the Council endeavoured to put it off at least for a month & 6 weeks longer but they could not prevail & the Gov' called it with out them. I remember that the Gov' has made many harsl irritating spleclies to the I louse of lBurgesses & particularly that lie aid a proposition before them of an implosition of six pence ' hogshead & fifteen pounds of Tobacco t poll concerning both which lie consulted the Council but acted directly contrary to their unanimous advice. I know that he has kept the lands on llackwater & Pamunkey neck shut up contrary to the advice of both Council & Burgesses. And that afterwards the Blackwater land being opened by order & proclamation of his Excellency in Council, his Excelly out of Council again recalled this order to the loss both of her Majesty in her Quit rents & much more of the people who had purchased Rights, made surveys, & were going on with their settlements. inl. I have seen many papers which were said to lbe orders, patents, warrants or commissions signed by his excellhncy in council & understood afterwards that entries were made of this as done in Council yet they were never so much as read in Council & we had no opportunity of speaking to them. 1704.1 98 Iv. I reinmniiber that there used formerly to be a day appointed annually on Which the Gov' & Corncil in a soletnn audit exsaniined & past the accounts of thlie revenu. But now that this custom is let ftil I know no clheck at all thre is in that Country upon thile said acc. v. I remiemler inmany instances of the (;ov'" scoliiing hectoring & browheating such of the Council as presunmed to differ in (pinion from him tho' they expressed tlhemiselves in never so niodest & submissive terms, Commanding them with a very threatning tone to put what they said inll writing & insinuating as if he would make them answer f(r it. TIiese rude & menacing ways arce so common & lhabitual to him & are practisedl to such a degree of Insolence & abuisiveness as utterly destroys all just freedom of deblate & vote in Council which is allowed by her IMajesty's Instructions. vi. 'he (iov' d(loes sometilmes in Council read an Instruction or part of an Instruction when it makes 1or the argoiulent he is uepon but the body of his instructions is not commtnunicated to thIe Council wherebly they are at a great loss in giving their advice & go in thIe dark not knowin g what rules & nmeasures of Government her majesty or your ILordlsliips hve I prescribed. vii. I have heard him oftcn debase & vilify the t('tl(e'nlii of the Council using to i them tl( lpprohious namies of Rogue, Rascal, Chlat, I)og, villain & Cowardl. I have heard hin say they got their estates h)y cheating the people & swear that lie valued tihem no more than thle dirt urnder Ihis feet & that ihe would reduce to tlhir primitive nothing & 1 know that he has prefe:rred several men of inferior stations to the chief comiriands in the militia whliich (as far as I know), used foririerly to be intrusted only with the (Ge;ntlentkr of the Council. CIHAP. 2.-CONCEIRNING HIS IEIHAVIOUR IN 'THiE UcPPER HOUSt oF ASSE I.NIv. Aeur. '. The Gentlemen of the Council, (who constitute that house), are very rarely left to the frdccom of their own debates for thIe;Gov' is almost continually present & takes upon him to preside & dleate & to state the questions & to over rule after the same manner as lIe uses to do in Council, which they often comllplained of as a very unreasonable innovation & destructive of the liberties of that house. 99 1704.1 2. He commonly uses an high, haughty, passionate & abusive way of browbeating, discouraging & threatening all that (1o not speak & vote as lihe wotuldt hIave them. 3. Sometimes when Hills or messuages are sent iup from the hlouse of Burgesses to the upper house before he will suff'er that house to consider them he returns an answer to themicin himself & sometimes after the upper house have answered if the answer (do not 1please him he makes a sort of remonstrance against them & has it enteredl in the assembly books, by this means feeding dift&rences & misunlderstandingts between the two vhoulses, whereas we humbly conceive that he ouughit not publlickly to interfere except either by his speeches to both houses or his negative voice which he always has at last. 4. I have known him threaten Gentlemen of the Council that he would ruin them & one of themi told Inme once that hlie had just then taken him aside & amongst other rebukes & threats that he had sworn he would cut his throat if he voted not as he would have him in a certain business which was then before the house. 5. I have heard him make very rash extempore Speeches, threatning & abusing thile whole assembly, particularly one wherein iiniuediately after their refusal of mein to New York, lie assired thin hle would notwithstandi uig the said refusal seond out the meni to New York as soon as ever the Gov' of New Y'ork should (leiiandl them, which Speech, tho' it was not put in writing nor upoin record, that I know of, did highly exasplerate both houses & contributed not a little to the hindrance (of the business. Cl HAP. IIh.-CoNCE'RNmiN itS VElIAvIOuS IN GE:NERt CoUers. Awr. I. As to his partiality in the Gene(;iral Court where he is chief Judge tho' I never heard him accLusled of taking bribes yet I have very often been witness to his gross & visible siding withli some & running down of others upon the account of friendship or enmity to themselves or their relationis or their lawyers or the part lie thou(ght they acted in the publick unha1ppy differences so that it is become a diticult matter & a rare thing( to see 1much business there fairly maniaged & decided, according to the merits of the Cause without great heat & passion against parties, L awyers or Judges. 1704.] 100 2. He is a Gentleman that accustomes himself to very irregular hours of Eating, Sleeping & doing business, by which tihe morning is often lost, & he obliges the Court. to sit olften till 1 2 at night sometieiiis two or three in the morning. & this not only, when jurys are out or tihe Court is invclved in a long cause but jpurely to gratifty his iown odd humour, le calls ns'w Causo's at unscasonable hours in slit night. 3. \VWh-ceas the Customll of that Country was always for tit, slheriff to etilpaniell the Gt'iald j ury tout of Ohe bst jury untit i( t'l funil iln Town upon scaSai sitn f the I to s a 'nenral r srtl t'lt Gov' of last'ti i the it ibs' Gcrand ju rys lit tinakitg l lslcdress's to ilt' )uct''n iitseisprsc:ad wiith Ctmplissis'is to himS itf 1 isulpps srt Iis intrtrc ic onmlall 1 1l t lia's not thlO l t li't to c'iviiiri tlot ai j1sCy isuall tni pail.titll lis t hias rti to ts't Cot n n'ts) 1 tIts a I trumao & (tis'her 44slidis1g us', ) kI Ia' s si 'ts o ltc-s to lth Slscrilt ablssst ihlls sputtisi g ili onut into tht pa ltl'te 0 Ow jot>u y & til-s sitrikisil uit wsf s tlsc', ss I tiIcs'v lttl ottlh s1ui tslit' Sh rill & it,' m t s ths' 'sm)' 1W p 5t i ' is s tu t A, \' r tsit totist'jring with crand jirys (ir Ilatctring enc'ioiiiiiis f himiisils I savc s'sn several signal fatvours blcstowed sun thie nt ulesnen of tiihe jury about the titus oif those ad resses, viz: To oe I havet seen a ils s sesumitted; sit dlivcrs oithers, Shecriff's places bestowl &8 once a good niiaval otulerc's plact gicves to the forctsan, taksii omti anowthr honest Csntlsd'naui \lsuso had ncs' r bI5en accused of tiisittaili' s'iiin ett \ t after all tiosise coiiii liiis'its iwilt so muthl against the gcrain that I rimsiiilr several of the juryinsto tsld Iie thssy cecre forced to decidt a pr'tvious dicul t y viz: that they sigtieid nots that addriss upon oath but as a complism' befOisre it swould go down s & eciven tlsi sonic stood out & wosulld not sign i t. 4. I have stin bins mts:ke particular ctltries contrary to theit opinion of all the rest of the Court & some of these in very abusive & rltlecting terms. CHAR IV.-CONCERNING sOME, OTtER 'UtLICK ABUJSI5S IN tItS GOVERNMvNT. ART. I. 1 have known many persons sent for & commanded either by verbal or written messuages in the King or Queen's ntiaie to come to his Excelly immediately & when they came lie had no business with them but to tot [1704. scold at & abuse them after he had put them to the trouble & charge of their Journey. I have likewise known horses prest in the King or Queen's nanme (sometimes from peoplle at church), when no occasion of the G;overnim' required it but to accommodate any stranger or one of his own or their servants, when he night as easily have hi red. 2. I have beeon infoirmed by the persons themselves that they have Ibeen put 1upo11 it & assisted by hiuii in Ipatclling up their story & thein obligd to pot perton withiott showing so lmticl1 juptice as to call him to tear what he had to say in his own (ltcel( or 5)) ouch as to) acquaint him with his acclsation or 3, I av -1)11 1)I hly itd pattiies thle)) lilv)') tlhit co)ttnitsion)s were isu d to Olhim to vXamllit, wVlitn i'Oei 60"Aill-i m nci ill hliis maje ki's n with olit lily arcvwir, I sa-w himi endravour to comip-ll a minirti-tr to) itake il oath to 1)(;11 inform-11 r & illmn hliý4 Wrlplillý, dhw a h with vvry thrl(.;tmingý voice' ht! ondried tht. Sheit ff11 to lit -irnt Im* to 1-do- himt inti) Ctstiidy & dwe AttlIHnCy Ge;Cneral to be sent for to terrify hlim v with thie far of ia prI t)sect)tion at Law when there was no action or compllaint ldepenllding nor had thie Iperson reccived any su1nn1ons to give his Lvidence. 4. I hIave knollwn hili upon an idle story lroughlt him, bIefore he eniquired into tlhe truth of it, imake a Solemn vow to thle:ternal Godl, to be revenged of the 1pctsomn copltlailleoi of, and all hiis family. 5. 1 have known d(ivers inlstanllces of hiis ise;& malicious caluminies whereby lie has endeavollred Ibotlh by wordl & writing so tio blackcnll tle r'l)putation of persons of tile bIest famime, as woull Ihave rulilnedll them had tiey been true. I. 1 have seen maniy in(stances of hais pjvila g tillh Illcnidiary by endeavouring to Imlake dlifferences alllon)O friellds & to ttirm parti's ill tlhe C(ountry. And I know that he drives thle ditfeelrlces to that heigiht that he reseInts it iligIlly if the parties show comlmlOll civility one to anotler. lThel Country now is exceedingly divided & inflamed to tli: destlructioll of good Neighbourhood & tile hindrance of thle lpublick business. 7. I have always heard his best friends bewail the unhappiness of his temper in beingt so wilifiul & hieadstrong thlat he swill neitilher ask nor admit advice fromn no person wlhatsoever. S. I have heardl f-oo thle Attorney General himself & likewise fromn another Gentleman that was witness of it, tlhat upon his (thle attorney's) scruplitmg one 1 704.j 102 of hi cornmmands as being against Law, the Gov' in great wrath took him by tihe Collar swearing that he knew of no ILaws we had bttit wottld 1! obeyed withouitt heisitation or rtsrrvye, And ttpot this the Attorney ( jeo told te lit! W"ILitlitly wloiit ii hit s iltir lv 111 ht tuu l is Iho 1,; a tool to dIIo1I thts agtilost L ), a cise sittin a telN It( id tti't of' itista vrritticts o his Itiltftcr s & itt1a venr t nacilig itatit' r tell S or q( ol f them thaat t heo ktewV howit to gtv'rt lt MoorsTi it wooWlI1 batV- 111(t intittid toal nns I lie, haso l itt -oa0)11In tett tltoa Iter 111"( 't, klrr ii It( il ulll I I I )I Icc 11 ni I I lic. i Isc~uti ~ n I L Iv( - Sccil u ilrctlt, 111~1 111 111)(T of, ii ll -manct, " or his fl51C l tlll i m1 s &, in-('T Solctit hchavllimir to the ( wilt ~ici trllclit i the mintry! particularly I l ca d him i very menacing tnamicr tcll S ()I- o of' themlt~icha~ that he knew hveslil i tor Moocrs & m -micld wat Ii~cin l iI10 Jt n()O od 111.1. 1ticirs I Ic was tol Ii(- oftci that h has de-signed to ie the death Of several tpast rtittus & tl' did tot dottlit hot tltat lic shltoidI 6i, b'ontOt tillt it; It told toe oilee that he(-, wiotl whisper the speaker tif tlte IltotIse tOf B Ittgesses ill thte ear thatt to sio tld ett his tlhrtat. I had it from Otne tif' te aieinc tio. concernedthat he(! settit a aessagec tt tin mistress that It voolld It the deathl tOf her 'tthet &, llrotiter &' all hIer ni'ao'st 'eIlation:., addltig thtat toss' It setit it by nuissa'ge, text tilttt lite witilil give(, it tttdcr his haitd tttd the thirdl titti lie woptuit it itt l"x'etttiitt. I toc toldl tIe setionly ithat lie- was recsolved to libte dec(Iatt Oif titrece twol, viz: tlto tlrideg roott tltat sholt marttztrtv itis tmistress, &, tite olittister titat sittittd perfotti tite c rt'rttiti\' & tlte. I.tlC' sieOf tilte I)WCoi.C tita ltt S 11d Sigt11tit(- I teettee. I htave ltatd it [fttm the( po'tY at IMan of g,1ood credit that ]Ite said to him thlat right Or svtottg lie could b y itis atn ittrity itt thte Coutrtyat & htis cretlit in Etto-- land mitt attyý invoteý mtatt. Anttt I mlyself' htave tearl htitt tell tIeti Oif tilte test reputatiotts itt that Coutttry that lie had takett care to give siucl cltaracters of'tlit'tt itt Et~igland that tnot a word they cvould saty swouild lie believed. t o. I ha' ve hecartI himi say of tite Gentlemoti of' tile Coutttry that thtey wvere all a ptarcel tif lxi ns, \Villaints, Newg-ate Birds, Begogars, Checats &~ Cowvarls, antI ( iftiut 1 otltitiemuttn that tilt:) were all a liaril otf' * a des, &c jilts. I te(_vir sa hm s Ititt tot ft mt'attlt tho' I have. Iearil lie dlid. But 1 saw\\ Ititti riut atfiet iti1ott u itt it(11,1 tti eatit tim whto lid frotm htitm having. noi veapitti to tdefeitld I1tittist f iI, I kisv titt ( e-titleuati wtotit itt Itis rage,(, lie citttttitted tii tlto Cutstoily of the( Sl~cift till It( wa xs lemaitted till lIt gave, if' I t'ettittiliir right / 0htIt fir htis at I ir tci it the ( etteral Court, & whent tlte daty' of appearance cattle 103 [17040 the action wai dlismissedI because there was no botly to prosecute. I have hevardl from persons of undoubted credlit that in his, rage they saw himi imprison two Gentle'men in the CAommon Gaol ationtgst 1i rateti that were to he triedI foir their liv't't tto, hev lidno IO utiot agains't t h(Iin. l 2.1have (11110 hevard himii timutitt~cily ititre tor after IraytIM rap out suich volleys of o;oh-; that I never siw gitater pri'iifiitttt' nor mitre profotely timeud ill tmy whole life, I 3j. 1 li~tve Ii 'ard f'lolo thte bcs t htitiil of manoy prtank of wlicked I.wt lnis~ & ritlitiess to (It-nt 'it 101 in siverild part,; itt' the (oiint ry several of di iet fromti the pit' sits twlttisit'vts \wlttttl(Ii lets. sit atitiacketd & solit. of his dI(.1 taiclit'i attemp~ts So aoin tttabily gross that I ite-Veri hecaril of die like in that Couinitry. 1.. 1 have knowun somte instancits of' rashi swearilig which have involved him in t he sin of' forswearin g liiuist'f' particiilarty the i nflueiice of probates & administrations mieiitiioiiid in the Council's memoorial was certainly true, & very tublick &c nototriouis &, there wvere very g-reat complaints (if WVidows & Orp hains who lost tlici r debts fo(r waiit of ltrolbates in (liii titie fly, eastiio of that rash ( ath. 1 9.1 e has to roy knowledge extremely entsnareid the conscitities of the Clergy' biy uirgi ng themn & tern fyitig them to sign flattering eiicttiii iums if himself & lets mightily threatened & ptrosecutitd those whiol scrupled & would not comply. j6. Toi my knowledge lie took a Naval Offilccrs place worth abiotit f io0 "A ainn, from a very honest Gentleman wvithouit any' milti allegu ()r 1irovedI & biestiowedh withiout advice in Ctunucil & contrary 1oth to Law & the R'oyal Instructioni onl a Foreman if a Ju ry' whlo dIrewtte tif these flatterimig addrecsses, within it day or two after the said address was precsented. And thisGetManl not living convenient fo(r such an office he gave liiiii leave tit execute it by' a depu~ty' wh~ich is contrary' tio aniithier iu'ariicuion, 'Ti toy) koowl %'1dge- too, one of' tie greatest traders of' that Country' eijtýy'ed & ftt)r ti~igt. I knoiv enjutvS still aimithur Naval officer's place expresajy coittiary to antuti liensi ritetioii. 17. AS tot the( t)-lu'iiii'tiSiieSS of' his ttrduiinairy ittuse kt'epimgý & thet cuisotiml of' his political Trmeatts, I k now that bet lives ini a vi'ry' strry' houis' tot woirth above ~ i o tor 1 2 a year (t thmo' the i Queen pays Ihiiii 61i 5o ~ anni. fttr hiuiise rent), that his furniture & attendanice are miserably inean, hiavinig bttt two 1704. 104 servants both within doors & without (hesides his Chaplain), that when there were no strangers I have often heiard the Servant complain they were kept very sharji upon 11ie mal a day, & but o01 dish at that oral, tho' on1 or two 11101 r! had beart uIrdered to hne 1With thetim & that in the Iov absence froimr hottue, tinrt is 114) tabll at all riot )so tuoh as a cip iof small bir to bc hadl,111 but at tihe rattle 1 I ktnow hat of late silce hit haol fl)lss I) oblain ofd thIn tit a tllm g (lie has lriated itha A;ssm illy itr tim-las a Wa)k Itt1111tg their sasiorin, iih i s ia trct; ( of \\ i & - n h sve of" rt-ill thira l 5& wlti Iitianir tim nigtand, Niv YNik (t Niw iti,;id hliaip't 1to citm dti'ls tra, givar tt imake libi iel rl atrictio ais s;o thai it it.;i a calnn o saying of his I ott ss wtho providels all, lthat tere is allways ither a feast or a Pist at alitith ir (tie. 18. Con-ctrniriig tie ways te re mentioned which he takes to ctceeal Iris true character ill 1Kngland. i. I riad from tie party that tie ttreaterted to put hintin ironas if lie should idle r to accirse hint itt England & I have often heard him threaten tIrat tie wottd rMake them spend their estates that should dare to crrriplain of hini. 2. 1 know several tie has erideavorired to stop & some lie hias actually hindre:d from going oult of thire country where lie suspected tlihey would give a batd character of tint. 3. 1 know whlere htie has writteni tIre falsest & blackest characters of those he fearedr would speak or write against hinm as if they had beeni mln of Scandalous lives &c disaffected to her Majesty's G;overni' tliho' they were rncri of known' Loyzalty &a gaood credit & reputation. 4. 1 know that he has taken a great deal of pains to procure flatterintg addresses from packt (rantd Jurys; & has immetdiattely restwardtet tthe chief instruments with places of honor or protit in the Governint 5. 1 know that he has called irregular ireetings of tie clergy for pirocuring flattering a(ddresses & that tre tias tttairaged tretit with tnrcats & presents & protection of such as are obnoxiouis; & protmotion af othiers to better prefermientts. 6. I know of several cltters he has interceptitit & brokae openi to & from Einglarndit to one Gentleman, which ret toAk uplon hit to stop &c send back hlithcr witlioit dtelivering it to the ptrson to whom) it was tirectrtdt. 7. 1 have hcardt oAf divers instances that wtheit he miakas Presents to tIhe church of tngland ttiniistars toi thic Northward, ihe takes care thliit tti:y ratpay himl inll adtdresses of coimpliiment & recoauirllrerdatioer to ttit tistipais which lie carefittlly transmitis to Einrrglatnd in hIis own packets. 8. 1 know that lie eiimpaliys Sir Thomtas Lawrence & Co'. Quarry to write a great deald in his behalf & rewards them for it, & particularly I know that Co'. 105 [1704. (1,uarry writts tim di rectest li& Most notoriols lntruth4 of the Virginia at firs ii justilhation of tih ( ov' and cnsat1ion of his adversarils that ever I saw comie f-romi tihe pel o(f any -enltletmt & I know that the intercourse betwiin the;ov' & them is kept up at hiet majesty's charge having seen very unusual Sm0111 for imiesstiagcs to thie NorthvAnlI chargel ill tie receiver ( GenS' accoutlls, $T 11 I I hl'vel lxpess1 l(d my st1 &i knolviedige of lie weveral articles o'l~cf thf. Counwil ill\'i in, A id 1ll IthIlr 1 I1111ke tllltyavit th1, tie d silbscriblls oft the said lilelmlrial were at th-ie it ll l I thil te silIscp1 Il ti Irlll thie majolr part of the sail Council. lllBut it i ein, l myi"Iirwotn che lily nar Nciglhourhood to the llv%, to havc cmnc to thIw knowlced-c of Scvcral thing ta Ivegetlgtit h Caliscs 'X (,)I*s tlhe mlal-adhniinistrations mcntioneld inl the said memiorial I shall proclieed Ito ive aIn all I of1 t h(I tueh cililf of tl se ii ll tings. It Ihas ll Ill a com1 llon apoll ye for many of the said mall-administrations esi ciaflly f r his arl itrary, insole elt & iabusivte way 1of tlcating tile Councifl & other G(ntilcmen to charge aiil thise lthlilgs to his passion or ai our or the provocattionls ihe hais llet with iln Vi\ rgiia. N ow that yoIur Lordship may the letter Judge of the trluth of these enxcuses I shall give an accountI of his entrance 11po11 his ( overlllllnt before ther( was any thing cither (d amour or pretendld provocation. For having- carried him together with his Commission several ietters from my Lords the Bisiiop, & other his friends ill EnI hland who hadiii kept him to the GovernI1 &S tholse letters recollelldinl iudieration to him which was the best advice could blie g41111 at that tim1 to a (G;ellthlllan in his circum)15tallccs. Upon 111 rtaling 1 f thi L.tt!rs lie was vcry ang ry &shoewing- thwim to mle, askckl mc whal-t the.1 evil thwN me1anit to rccomimend)( mo10k ration to him, and Nwhn I anlswcrcd hi111 that. they, wCre;111 of opinion that it was thie bist advicc could be givi n him, "fior Sir," said 1, "tily have -Seci thc artick.s that were cxhlibitcd a II ainlst YoT Fxcclly, by Captain Sly, & U(11c all thlst ill thills you are accused (4, lioclldid froli your pas-it&; & thcy knowv that ill Vir'-inia as you havc many frl-ilds So you.havc <livcrs encminis (d Sr l"Ahn Andrus's jarty; &, therclforc the.ýy are af'raid of your resetllnllllits, I can't but be of thuir opinion that it Is your 01 st t way to foive & forget & to bP13i1 tll1of0 a new foot N. to make your self casy & every 1704.1 m6 body else." To this he replied very hotly "1G-, I know hlow to Govern Virginia & Maryland better titan all the Bishops in England. If I had not hampered themi in Maryland & kept them under I shoulid never have been able to have fiovertid them." 8,"r1 said I, -1I dont ipretendi to ncc drstand Maryland but if' I kmc w anything of' Virginia lhex ccc arei goodc icatucird t ractaicle pinn~ as; arty is ill che wccrlcl, & You may doc any tliciccg withfictim icy the wacy ocf civility Iu pc it y wcmcill tic 'vc'c 1cc I~c aH c to arg'1c 'ticc ill duct way yocc 'sicak of Icy Iamcrnccmimc: &, kc't'pircg the'mc ccicclcr. I Ietol iccii cc I kno- crew bccc Ilect' ti1c ccce witic clce'cc 's;6ic I1ý Icc 1' Watr'acct yr ccc I swili ccc.ccc"c4-t' dic'cc.'' Thiis, was cter itc'y day Iris iCcccccci;Ssicct wa"s Icciciisicc k'ci at cic ccduc'' Clccccc ic e 'c c'cr twot icc lc'ss mcaci 6c weeks cccl time saciict succjct I fccccccd hicic vcy' stil ill iris01 iciiccc &z wimeci cccccic12, c cut'' incotcvenciencces ccf it, I ucc r to hi m thccc c daic:4er of ILosincg Asseciciclys &, cirat if once tice -lost iris iccicrest tic(re. tihat Ice coccld cnitt carry' bicsitccss fccr tire IKicig, the IKimlg woccld qccickily cocce to thicick hec was noct a Macc fccr- Icis ticco. I heC Soc,tcriled to make crccdicra, of' this & saici lire kccew hccw to CI cmstrcc tire (Ccccntiry wiitlcc cit css'icltiblts, whicici I wacs vety' mcicchi stacctied at & cccilc'avcticd ccc Owca I 'coiuid to bicc'cc hci cli Of i o -it, & c ctcck it Scc ill cthat in gricat pi ssicmc lit uccmitiaicrcric tie iever' tic operr crly cccal c tii ot tic ccc'- ill atry matccirc'r c'c'hacicg ito the~ I.m m buit to iet bhrr aiccie S, to micddicii with my ccwn buisincess w" I t'eadiily icrccccisecl hciicc pececivicig, tihat ice- wacs stm'ccccg-iy bentc on vioiecc N` arbicirary mcethcods icc whicih I weas resoived riot to ice conerened. It was trot only thris ciiscocirsce \v11 coinvincedI nie that ice carre witic a positive desigmi & r'sccticcion toc 'Icc'rciiclwit an highI liacci buit I icerceived immcrediately that tice began svitihorrt airy' lprcvocationc to give its hcarcd nrances & to treat ipeoplie in as arbitrary & abuisive a mcanner & enideavocured' to make cicem uneasy & dliscontented, as ever ice has clone since whicici coovilcces riCe ticat it was ccii design & neitirer owing io iprovocatiofl nor ancoccr cur nratiural pa~ssionc for'ire had acted a quite clfie recit cart wshiie Ice was their I,ieccc ((is",r \Viat ccmfiirmiis mccc.- miocre its thins opcinion is tirat I recceicicler noit cccaciy ncocccis aifter thris icc a hccig- ietter toi this I Iccmi5 ixcarci lie gave suich a eiiaracter cif time Coiunmtry if Virc1irria & tire rest ccf tire (Coniccicnt as reicresecitehi tihem very unmjccstly & chisacrls'ancctcccisiy as iceiccg grotwn ricih & iccirgirty, cainited withi reicuciicxcc niotioins &" iprinceipies, uriceasy unccier every' Goverccicc & toc tire best ccf icy remcemibrancce ready to shcake off threir oicediieoee tc iEogianid, & in tire sance ietter lie advised a militiary force, to keei) tire Corticicenit to their duty, 107 [1'704. offerinq himself in that service & desiring a Lieu' Govt might be sent into Virginia, endeavouring to persuaue your Lordships that in ease of his death or absence the Governmt was not to be intrusted with the Council, of whom as of all the Country indeed ihe endeavoured to create a jealousy. The reIlectirg on this letter which I saw &~z comparing it with the roigh. nmethotls lie f lloivel malde nole beAlieve thIt the true reason of his harsh & arlbitrary proceilings was to make tli(! Ci itry, lie un- ay & disconte-nted as rej repcscentetI tin-tn, It'y that mlietis to evince! the necessity of a miii tary fo)rce- of which1 I have always fIttinil hinm ve~ry bind, Aid now ltcat ttse I haive ohlisrvdt I a grceat inay of his words & actiinsm which set tot aki- his tlesii if)in driving Oii tlhis military foliirtc very tlitlttl &SitStitriii 1iOtstS if he hals toned ittheýr tils, i it than the servict oft FI' nglottl I shail1 i dcrit it the samte rel k itt tof an tiatli tltaint yt orI I isLiors tips svttl the (:1hief iof hat I remember of these things iot lri ceady mientior t ill tte Cto is cil's mtttttmiorilt. I ciii it her Iplainly that ainiogig tie ftrces tif shic hisec armly was to consist he div\%ays rtck it'd uplittit the severdl (tiitas of mnet ltttnilt-t (A' Virgitit & the ither plantatiots evi-tcni after theyN, hai1alt tiotl chits-tl ii ntis nll y NNliit'lt I conhidteltti lie tail sittue oil(ier svay ils his thmititigits, i)f raistit flit-ese, tnt-ti tlt 1bty cim iisit of ussttlihy & attiicrli nglJy lit Ins sin stci() is ta)vn lit d drawn ottt eveCry tifth1nsia tiot Otf 111 al th: militia of ilit: Ctintstry & Inas ilmtcns formsed iisto a botdy uinder nes&v Officers & traitied & miiistiered- my liens stlves & I fiti itts Coliel Quarry (swlio citly takts his directions frtits hinm as to. thIe: atlairs onif that Continest), j(iressts that die Qtitotas of'nsme & mioney be raiset 1ty- act of parliameiit wvid outi the cotsent of' their assemblys shicl is very boldt advice: & ais isnovation syitils I doulbt if any thing is the world would exasperate themni to that degree as to Imiake a imilitary Goy' isecessary in gomod earnest tin secure their obeihiclisce. I reimemsber likeswise that I have wiard t~me Coy'V say oftiser than once, that as soonsi as lit: shotild Insvc an orthmr to beat till) for soitntistirs hie woulil take all the servansts as Cronitiseh itook time apprtrnticics of I tndon itom his armiy, &, indeeth lit: has uiloni miainy occasions to) msy kisosthege ptreachled ill) thme dotctriise that all the servaints arc: kidnappeid & have a ' jitiod actiom ag:t;inst thteir masters which. I alwvays thought wotuld pIrotvte a very thanmgermis ID)tctrin:e to teli Country by setting all iiil a lame if ever hi: should comise to dlraw vhis Coll5t ilieticces. Now I confess this reckoniing tIltOli the serv' which could not be taken without 1704.] 108 the greatest invasion of property & the great loss of her Majesty in her Customs by hindring the making of Tobacco, & the certain hazard of the Ipeace of the Country seemed to toe to look more like a design of some what else than eithi r the Command or the service of her majests. lThere was one great ditficulty in this his design viz: that thei servants had no armns for they are not allowed to carry any in that country & the Gov' at that time hadt no nagazine of armos mt of which to fiurnish them. hBut to tily knowlege he iabhoured it much with the assetlo1li)is ibttthl that ia inaga zille of arms soitld he provided, prtttdtlltig the l Country wantttd ith-to, &S that he sitld 6. iti vested with a pttrt of prtssing arm1s iwhttsttvtir titt, wti to bc1 011n1d iln thr C' ilntry in 44s e invasion, insurrcctiml, m 1tiny or rebe wll & whon tihe asettldy tpr tVidte d for these accidieits y'its -ivitg a ps-it to raise &paly 111c m1111161 & told h611 thcv wat m n arms ha1,1111t moreI* armis thanl ftetintt & even gave titm t tipoer witht tite ti conistit tittc tt ait ti t ress arms upin titt- Grcstaitd \xtraot rd ina ry occasions yet aiftir all this by thi nigotiation of hist frieid Col i )uarry itt persuadled the Cri-m tis it t s n i it a ttagazite tf arttts & atitmmittiit, a chatroe e which tighit havi bc ti spat td ift thiese armts artilt dsigi'd 1'tir any otli hers Ittt ti Servs" for I pi h i tttttt tit itsla in UExse-catio hic cmild quickly Live olgdthw freemienl to poi thwemse'lvos.I is Coutit uct tott cttot icring tit Miliitit is very rmitat irtablt N. stuspiciouts, ftr first Ite miadtie Iti, miiitia sersice as tiotuitsttt & hcxatis is iecould by listing iall f lreemen whiatsoever witiitit priviledgte mit St imtpttt, iot so Itlliuch as the olti & infirm or even the Clergy eiing excepited -t strictly leo ttbiddiitg thtat any Centi shlatid senit a servt in his room to thitsy musttrs. Th ni whereas formerly they had mustered blit once it a ttquarter of a ycar he ordered them to muster oitice a fortnight to the intolerable fittigue (' all, esptcially the poor planters who had some of thitm 30 or to miles to cotw to thi place if muster with their (41is, Sworis & Knapsacks & so lost 2 or i)days ttv fOrtttighit, to tte grisit dattgt-r if their year's LIthour wihi n it happtnt d ii Crtp titmue Which occasi tottd ai univnis-rsal ttrmuring itt tlit( Country. But thien fwhich discovereti tite t esignt (f all this)l, the (itY ittitosid to titt asseittbiti that for Twetity-ivse pmunds of Tobacco j poll per ann. which is not above 20 pence in that Country lie woutd etiti rely exemiipt the tiliitia from all titis Trouble & in their stead witld ki-tp a Standing modell'd militia ill constant tay. But the Assetmily, disliking the layinig aside Of tie NIMiiitia N Suspttct intig iii standing force in pay, woutiid not consent to this proposition. That which illustrates log [1 704 - this design is that I & several others have heard him declare that if once he had a standing force in pay he would immediately set up martial Law among them so that they were to scruple or refuse no command that should be given them. And that by Imeans of this standing army he designedI to alter the Constitution of the (Governmilt & to set up a military Governmenti in the stead of it, I can not but gather fronm several exl)ressious which I have heard drop from himi; particularly I have heard him say that in Jamaica in timie of War they ilad no ILaw but martial Iaw & he hiold so soont as thie War was proclaimed that Ie SI olild eitt an ordlr to set 1it martial lair. I Itave lo4ard him likewise sp'1ak ill tl(he Imst cittelliptit tile terms of th ltglish Lawas & e'ven use that xt'ssiitt Nlag Cltarii, Nla'tna F- a & comitiend smom body that said Ite woili tatg th itt nith IMaln tm artl a dior t it their N'cks., I have loard tiut likewise say that if moce h(o h od his army doi 1 loose of huri,so's sltoold not dare to detty a.tty thiti that swas requirid of dtemi alding iltat if they did, (he( would bring tlmimi with ropt s abiout their necks, an expressiin which hesh idis tdie arbitrarin-ess of it I alIvass thought lhad a suisliciiiis aiir of a very ill dlesign, fo'r I could ntievr bclivcs tliat such a force upon the;assemuhly could be either by his NIajeisty'ms r(itiiiii uds m ill his si'rvice. That which made im. fihili r si picioius of his diesign Il pressing so ouch r aiilit iary force was that tdio' of late the handle for it has been the coniuerin', or reducinim' of Canada, yet to my certain knowledge he was uponItl tilhe samue dlsi"gni of an army long befiore thie Var biroke out with France & even ill his first )-ar of his Governetmient of Virginia \\hiclih was quickly after the peace of Rkeswick as will appear byv his first letter to this 1 honorable boardi on thait subjicct, & tile first liatidle for the arnmy svas the keeping thIe plantations on the Continent inll tliheir obediemnce, when I knew iei Governed one of the most iiacciable Counttries in the worildr & the furthest fromi any tlhouiglts of shakint,k off thdir obedience, a country that lCejuends solely on Engladt fir all thelicir ClIthlin & fl rnituture & Ilan tatio n T a onls & Severy t eing else biut victuals & that ldiiiges every pIetny of their estates & all tlei r ed'lcts in Eiglaiild cexcept what goes to fuirnishl tlicir Iplantations. But wvhIat seellied to ie mmiiost stispiciu(is of all \was his droppingi of several strange Nwords conicerninii the ci nlsetuielCices of such aMI armlly Itr I hlave heard mthim say that if' imice treci was such iiil ariy ell fluslied il bIloud & accuIstomted to booty there would be 1io dishatiditig of tltetim agaiti if' they' scere com 1704.1 110 mandted by a man that understood his business & I have heiard him not only say so hot argue it & give his reasons for it viz: that Soldiers well fleshed in blood & accustotned to booty can't endure to be redocedI to a private life again & so be tut to laho ur for their living, that EIngland itself would find it a hard task to redicc thicm for that. they can send over no horse, & theiir mnen being ti tt\''11i toll ititil to itlo:( clinate io dit' like rottenl sheejl), SeeixiTl e pci-ins lIave tod li-iltoe thetave ittaril himi say IBaiton was a fool & I have I 'aidi him o say' iulpsin o ctasion of a r'lplrt that my I olorldIortlloore hadl an tite f hd' tixo it,1- ol' Virg,,.inia that sut'h rcpote i dil 1"Itll tottt'h thell lit i' lf ot'l. M.1, i (t'ty's iix't11:'ioictit & at tomilit'l tinti I liu'tti say inl (onto if lit wmi inlif s'ii'ii l t, at sconliy til his Itt' &, te la1s;t h~ip if' htis h~id ((ll Iftr it' ' k I aI (1f (v I'lloInt. 'flin t MIiuilt ( imsittfit itt'ly itti'o'at itl stspii'iiott ofat i(- It i t is tlhat n t%%I11lAI1 L1 W,ý IlW IYCIilb( y of Vil-glli'l 11;1(1 a f cktscd his pnip Iitan ahotit at "Lullil~li" Itie' ty'u't ]lW1.1 oha Iif'hi ownt load ixitliout an' alvite iiil ottlitcil arto itiir ll thi" d~t Mt1itiloc '1 tlliunslcW, cV's & t&-ll tlot1 often sts1 f)t''t et"' & i'au'ot's its I taxi' Itecrl c st'hvei'alof' dti tis lx ~s that this' 'ikill Live all tlit iit)y'. Niox hecre are s's teal things ill thlts tfitthloiu which losel a sy' eoe'tdl susjiiciois tsl rae its, I Tlihat a 1 o1) of ttn slion Id tb 'atit oiut rom ito111'titu die rst i)f the umilitia f'or whticht no good reaisont clbettlt assig nett, wxith teClititn teo tin' survitte of that Country, ftor if tlte C.ountry' is attackedt by Indiatus tilte ttilitit tif' tilte nca reit Cototit's mutst bt inoneldiately rai sel (I-i else thle Indli;atIls a orluCtiltg to tiir Ctustom ill be title bt lott Ite canl assuinlile his fifth mien xho are: disptersd all toier die Cotttttry & If' tite uixasion is froitm the Fren the \ie: wiole- nititia ti the Conotry to stteI Iesttuf ns csf sity tiust. dctfett I t. 2-. It is very stlshieiiitiS that there is not a geneittl'ian or iart of estate aniiitg thtese fif'th otto, all the Gcetut bring called ouit & oIt:d of'itlecrs of- the mtilitia before this separation, 1&' COnlseqetently that they art: the fittest f,1,tirlltdecruakitig'-, toy tleslwieate- design having' estates to get & (tite to u(se'. 3. 'fint the,-y art: sutelt as are dtie most liarticutlarly dlevotedl tto tilt: Goxernoir's lIntetrests. 'Ihuis Iieing tlte colt: lie olbservted in tdrawitng of themn tout tti take first all dhint xveold Volti otar-ily tintldertake thur serviet:, at the sante tinit etncotiraging^ duetto to ttndertake tellingr thtetm as I have tad it frtot tlttensehve~s that thtey were the brave fellows & hie would sooner ventore himself siub theox titan I I I 1704.1 with all the rest of the militia. 4. That tho' he calls them the fifth men yet considering that thley, are tile fifth of all that are listed & that old inen & infirm men, (;owns, men & sword men & in short all mien whatsoever ivere listed, they are above a fourth perhaps near a third of all thle meon in the Country that are fit to hear armis. 5. That Nvhent he had picked out a body of the yiiii ngest & liriskest m ost ilidigeiit mnei of the Counntry lie gave thiieii thet Chiiice of tlieir IOwn officers hut wit Ii this limiiilatioii that they'shiould mak e tliiir election out of their omii llnll1iber & haute to himit every teialth man fruin ainoig twitleitslves; that oit of' tluise so maiiied lie niiglit, cliii se such as lie tli ight fit to lear Couliiiaiiul aiioiig twini. Now I cmuld niot huit tluiijik wvithlitrrior how (ipiiikly ani indigent acimy tiiiir suich itidigenit ifHiciis with Itl help of lie( Secvaiits & hilalcuipts & oilier nulie inl illcasy &- iliscOiitiiitu cilccuillistailcis (1111111 all whlich.I I tavo liianl lilit clotk), sii w(1vail iiiii &, ta11111 itiaiiciil ii>' a sliumv of iiitlininty cimuldl mtike all flu list (of, \icg "i a Situbmit. Espeicially if' COL. (2uiaIcy's proplIosition sihould mlake, of tiak lig. file (Call taiis iif tlice n lioif War SO so litil cily de1-n soil i tin ( i thlat liii-) y1) it a v ae Thlis is the( sitlistanice imf whlat I kiii is & rieimemiber of' thle Goiv"' wools & actionis wvith relatioii to that decsignl Of tile acmIlv so cleacly as to make affidavit of it. For tho' his gncat cllrreslomiciice- all os vr liuc Coitituiieot, his own journeys to N. York, Nvliere, the chief scenle of, this design does lye, his mulighty treats there ill which lie slpendis four sco~re ir,fi 00o it atri at his ihiscovering & sacrificing toi them the very qufit renits of V irguinia, his dciviitgr on the(- supIplies iuf men & mooney for them so intiich against the grunl cif his Own Goivornini & his emp)loiyitug_ Col. Quarry fur Luigland & giv.ing tim a powver to lay ou~t a very great ScuM Of moneyCý tcuwacds the pmrocuuming him this commissii 4So his tanllperitug with toly Lord Comnbory solvec tc get 1i1iui to eiiploy his Interest for this ulesigot of a military force &S the shami bl~ls hie past to his L~ordshiip for ~900 being the Quocta iuf mno0itey demnanilded iif \ irim liit the same tlime( takilog(- his I arcishuih's Obligation tci) catucell t11w: Said B ills 11nleSS thle Queeni ahlosCed tile Go;(vr thle Said stiitI oult cif thle, Qu)it cenits of- Virgiultia & mlany) thtitig's more I ciiuilh melutioil of' nuy owni knowledg-e wvmould cast light up~mil his daiigecrotis desigius yet because the imutenitismit of mitaity (if these thiitlgs is lot SO cer't.1iiil as to muake them thle matter cif anl aftiulaVit with reClaticmn tou thlis subject I shahl chtocise rather to pass thiemi byi & take no more notice of themii. 1700.O 112 I know many other things relating to his ill usage of the Clergy & College but because I know not whether any thing is expected of me except what has relation to the Council's memorial in speaking to -which I have already taken up so mitch of your Lordship's time, I shall therefore forbear at present to mix Iother things therewithi r to give youtr ILordshtips any further trottble & shall be rea;ly if yotir Lordlthips think it neccssary to lay luse other things hbEirv ymor L ord-hips on some other occasion. JAMlKS BLAIR. Jiratt. 2 5' (dit Aprilis anin regni 1)tmititi Nwstvi Ant' 1)ci gratia Aniolix Scloltx Fraflci~ ct I lbri Regina htii I t0efosiris, &C., tertio, a nittituie 1 )ominit i I 741. Coratm me Ail. iH,41R to the 4IRCII)"' OF 'CANrTcR11URY. WILIsAMSuB;, IN ViluiNmA, Febl I 2, 7 } MAY Ir PlEASE YOUR tIACE, I have nothing at piresent to write worth your Grace's knowledge, only that by the blessing of God, we in this Country enjoy Great peace & quietness. The'li stiubscriptions that were made to our Collge dlo now conme in apace, 5o that we are in hopes of having it quite inisiheld before next Winter. Thlie groiuntdwork now in hand here is the revisal of oir laws, which Iby the last assembly was entrutsteul to the care of a Standing Committee. IThis Committee desiring my opinion alboiut the (Gov', & encotiragevenet of the Clergy, I piut in a prlopositittit to thetie oni this stil ject, together withl anothellr shorter one for the encoturagetient it ofl the Clhristian IEduicationl of onr Negro & Indiatn Childtren. I have enclosed coplies of these propositionslls & in the itargin have miarked the opinion of that conmmittee abtout the several articles of themll, If 113 [1699. your Grace please to honor me with any commod' on either of these subjects, I hope I may have them before the next session of our assembly, which will be about the beginning of next Oct', & if anything is not so well in these propositions as it ou(ght to have been, I hope your Grace will pardon it, attributing it not only to my nimean talents, that know no better, but also to the circumstances of this Country, which is not yet caqa ble of h raving thlings Settled in the roost Iw et forir,. 'Ihat (;(o( may lri lr;serve your G(.ro & bless all your pious mndeavorrrs for thre poats of Iris Clrrro'h, is ile hearty prayer of Mly I orul, your Grac-e's mort ulubi't-cd iirumble Servant, JAX BLAIR, I titlist cuitinue to ici l, thlat if it lirs in yuir Grace's way you will ncti ourage our New City of Williamnsburg, and help our College library. -- ~;~----* -- Ore/r of Council for /he R/itf of //e French Rcfuteries going to p/ant ill l/Vi rjijna. At the Court of Kensington, the 7'" dry of March, I 6ou. Present, iThe King's most exeellent PlMajesty in Council. Upon reading this day at the Board, a represe:ntation from the Lords Commissioners of trade & plantations in the words following, viz MAY rr ILEASE YvOUR MNAJEsTY, In obedience to your NMajesty's commands signified to us, by the R' I onbl5 M. Secy Vernon, upon the petition of ie MNlarquis ID)e la Muce, Mon' 1)De Sailly, & other IProtestant reflirgees, dlesirinig leave to settle in Norfolk County, in Virginia, we do lriumbly represernt to yourr Majesty, thlat tie sd Counity being a place miore secure thanr otter rerorter Iparts formrerly Ipronsed for thIe Petitioners, your Majesty may be pleased in their favor to send orlders 1700-1 114 to the Cow, of Virginia (under whose Gov, that County lies), to give them allI enrolllf rd1m %getilnt litjuon tihtir irrival there inl settling thecir Culutily and promoting' their endravouiirs in ipltoting, &, by grantingý, them Suich tracts of Litan, as usual hit New (Comiers, ito. said ltt reter Icr1ing- tlti'iisilvts, to your Majesty for such farther g ritihfiction & ('haritaltie assistance as to youm 1ti~iestv, Ill you r g1reat Wsisdon 8& itnioty, Shaliccil Ilsrti net, It tiring further re juisile tha~t litore in.r di ito tlre they- be maiie (I-iitizrs lit Log!" for their.gtctrecoitragenueilit ill titi( ulijoN mnt of tile( piris'ilrgs accolingw tlicrreiy. j\lt which'l itserilticltss is miolst iiimnity sitlitilimtet, IA Jii N". itt iITActKN, i4N t l ~ \\la )r)h'1 O itv'twS'r ti I. itu iN c' \V t liv t, N1 iv)ilar o p v-il m!,1cvltil111ccit ti(l( 1,1m tr,11m tijilil. mlt -A Ii Ii Ir nI Ii mi I~~' I I i''iti-i v i 1,4 i k t'li'it tI til ' I i t st u Iv III II &uttg I liv gt'.IkItII I heat sm ict ItI thi ofi I, itI %I; is" t1tal 11 'Nit w(Itn s I is Nia(`jist IS I'un11(IIter ' iteti () litter thmat s a1 0ltrituliht. tostnl the I-itiiiior n ltrtlIt'Sil w l. rli tk ilgý, illhtwiiccs Is titiiic to such \;tutliis & iitlir unit I"A-IIt ot41 iteis, is 101( tit litl I 1 s II.aIri c )I It~tiu Isia(l, it I I tIwivoittice citllertei upotttic thetall I ictl on t li ir laIit'ltal, &1- ciiilitlt illi'ialy cotworiver tl1o I LAgl oc shiall icitme siitr lily ow' (r, inl orde r for. tliltr gug' -iii- toile( ai tinsaid~ sr-ttlrturnt, for their nirasltlrtatiolt, &S, fo(r the building,- a Churichl & for a1 cointitelit numb~er tiC Kitiits, comttoin Prayer hooks, & oilier lo(oks of' dev.\otilit, as also for the necessary accommotdation for lodging'- of1 Mitnisters whot are to aIccompljany tlteto, aUs the Lords Commnissiotners appotiintedl for the btrief grantedl by his Majesty for the Vaudois, trench & othter Prcttestant refuge-es in this kittgdom shialt thititk fit, the said allowaucers bring not to be made to the Petitioners till they are actually slipped, inl order to thecir transtiortathinl tci Virginia, &his Mazjesty is fuirthmer pteas'd to declire that le.tters of Ifenization shiah be grantted to the Petitiouners or stucht of' tlurem as shiall he 115 [i700. certified to this board according to the usual form, before their going out of this kingdom. A true Copy. JOHN POVEY. Gov' NICHOLSON to die Clergy of Virginia. JAMEr' C'Try, VICINIA, April w, 7 -()). You 1 ilnlw 11w 1 il r'wlcrlli'ig to lily slilnlrllls, I wvoubt II ave yorll shlw to tlie iRv` N1,.1a" Illair, Corrl to thl R" I Ion" &, KI Rev" Fathir ill (iol, I lenry, Iiy dlivitie j lerrrrissioll 11tdHP ol' f,Loiiinmii, ill wVllis( diovii-cs' Ilkh Majisty,ýs Imost allelirt & G(at Culltry & 1)(llillionl f ( iriiia is, your riests & nI Ititis' Ohnlers' &i:If l ko h I 1.rni'ip's I Aclnsw for ymir (dfiviatingf ymir mini,,tcrial functimn hwrt-, Nil. Cmw, Illtir will cmin.ult &,;uvike with yolu ('1111 ri'ing, (ilhitich alitirs ill ( iirriral, is alst) 10t. iach of your p iitilar PI rishlv; & I pray ( od dircct )'()I in thlm all.1. 'ientleimeiin, I till several ways ill (Iuty bliligid to give all ciulllltenaice & irigetint ill gIlliral to Imp Il loy NlMthir the (iChurch of ingl', is ly law (se Il IishIi(i & )aj ticii larlry the (R v tIo (clergy tIIeiof, )It In(te n sIcilly to yi of this Countiry, where I lhave tlet griat honor to reiiollIllilt 11, tinder ilis most sacredl Nlajesty; Iovidtld 0your lives & Conlve1rslatiois le arnswerabhle to the holy religion you liprofess, and thie doctrine you teach llthe peoile. I or I have observed in these pairts of the world thiat they are led mlore by example than by precept. So I hope in God that those of you who have niot herettfore been as exeimplary in your lives, as orthodox in your preachinig will for the future be more carctfil as to your miorals & dliligeint in your several Parochial dultices; or else you imust expect that I will have you pIrosecutedl with tile utmiost severity & rigor of the Law. I have also liadle ain lobservatiori that here in Virginia, when the Clergyiien are good nien, both the Gentry and i16 others are very kind, and shew them great respect; and you may be assured that the like shall be done to the utmost of the power of hiim who is Your affectionate & faithful friend, FRANs NICHOLSON. TVe CLERGr of Virginia to the GOVERNOR. JAMES:' Crriy, April 11, 1700. MAYv r PLEAsE v'ous ElxewiiN.cy, In obedience to your Excellency's commands, we have exhibited to M'. Counmissar our I)eacons' & priests' orders, with licenses from thile R Revd Father in 1,od the IB of London, our most worthy diocesan; & hope we have therein gi ve that satistAction whtichi was.expected frown us. We have also consiilted and adIvisd with NP. Coninissary conctrnin g sitch Churtch all'tirs in penr cil, & sttIc twlier mat ters iict' r gll oui r irrespeictive tParish's ill P aI teiclar as re'quiril otur pti'rsn'it considlrittiotn. Sir, oN'ttir FxtC'lfllncy's Zte: for thiie Coiuch of En)''i 11t1ih always tiet so ienwititit, & ytttr kiwndticss tot the Clwrigy (particiularly illn ift's its of fthe world), so extraordinary, that ais We biess Glod for ywwtr aIdvawicewieint ti this (Govt so we think we should be wawiti ng to the duty we owe lto our Spfiritual Mother & to ourselves, if we did not make use of this propcr opportunity (now that we have the happiness of wiecting under your Gov'), of acknowledging your excellency's favours & returning our most sincere tihanks fur tile Same. fThat earnest desire your *xcy is plleasedl to Signify iln your letter to us, of seeing all of us conformable in our lives to that miost holy religion we profess, we look upon as none of tile least instances of your tender care & sincere concern for the true interest of the Church & our own happiness in both worlds, Our obligations to comply with your Excetlfncy's desire in this particular are so grtat & so many, & we hope so well understood 1)y all of us, that we do all unanimously & sincerely declare our resolutions by the Grace of God, to have an effectual care, not only to avoid the lash of the law, & (if possible) that of censorious tongues, but chiefly what is infinitely more terrible 117 [1700. to us, the displeasure of our heavenly Master, & upon no other terms do we expect or pretend to your Excy' favor, which we hope we shall never forfiet, being, May it please your Excellency, Your Excellency's most obliged humble Servants, JAMES SCI.ATOR, W" WILLIAMS, AcoHE WARE, GEORGiE YOUNG, ColE I D'OvI.Ev, S 1:m" IFOUA(':, RALPH linwKER, JAME:s lOwKER, JAs l()ISSE: AU, JNo. GORINN, (;1V SN!!! i, itNiN SA1!NI!:EM', OS1" I 1(11T, S'. JNo. SIRiaH'SIIIR, ETRCOLLIIER, A' \VALLACE, Ai.. WALKER, liIN MN)NO, Cii ANI!';ESN, (4:0. ROlNsON, ANo. MONO), JN0. BALL, PFATi KIPAx, Ii" It'T YATES, W" Rum), To109 SHARP, Tio' ALLARDS. Gov NICHOLSON to tie AIRCHBl" OF CANTERB UR r VIRGINIA, JAMES TowN, May 27, 1700. MAY' IT 'PlEASE YOUR GRACE, I hope in God that this will find your Grace in perfect health, & that your Grace will give me leave to return, the dutifu1llest of my thanks to your Grace for your many and undeserved favours, & particularly for your Grace's letter of Nov' the 8',, which I had the great honor to receive from D'. BIray; & I also hope that hlie will do God's Chliurch good service in these parts of the world, especially in his Majesty's province of Maryland, when assisted & protected by your Grace, which neither he nor any of the Church of 1Engl5 need 1700-1 II8 in the least doubt of when we behave ourselves as we ought, which I hope in God we shall all endeavour to do. His ExcY Gov' llakeston happened to be here when 1 '. Bray pass'd by for Maryland, & he returned by water & I went by land & met both of them at the Port of Annapolis, but we were all very much surprised & troubled at a report which was there, that thile late act for establishing the Protestant religion, &c., was repealed I)y, his most sacred Ma'sty, 1& I. Bray told its that he k1new nothi.ng of it. But 4 of the principal ) akers delivered to his Excellency his Mlajesty's order in Coulncil for remealing of the law, &c., & were very earnest with hinm to have an order for the Shlieriffs to collect no inore of tohe 40 per hull. (lov' IGIlakeston Was pleased to ask Ille aol t it, is also I '. i1ray, & we endeavoured to concert imatters citcerning tiat afdhir; & thank (God that it is done so very will, & liope that by your ( rac"' i tntrest, that act will have the Ro\'al assent, so that it may le no otr' in <awntr of being repealed by a stratagt'tt of lth (iakrs &S Papists. I pre still) it)g tgve GovC' lIlakeston a Copy of \(itlr rarce's letter toil' i of I 1, 1s, wilt i th Copiis of those letters yotuir Grace was plase! to enclose coieirtig lPritsts iln Marylatii writiiing t itir coIresltpoidents in FIanili rs, Sthli cI I tilit )oIi.r trac will not take amiss, Itrt I dotn't lestion but that lhi Ixic Giov' wnisttli till i aik such I wt uto e of t'hut as \ittIl tic iesignttil, I ltiiii Nuii i t will 'it C mt sot t Cit tic senlit in Cose & ol a eintis l b w otnnlieli tlttirtalstits ot, tlt lfve aitsintiatd whawt g1 1 itin, tt in ti w y l ls In y &f httlsun, it t iht hae Clot cwlt it Itmal bkow t4) dhc ('hurih 4of n ln ill (thcs patll' (d' thir workI, 111\ evvv hlur(, kit pmrticiilm-ly iii Pciiwylvania & to (1w Norml'WM, I'm. thw " hakcirs & ote neeae&im]d*11''tible uncimIs of thlw ChhI 0, 1`11,-P \,11ho I stupposc! spare no Cost & Pains fbr the( accomplishinlg thwir decsi-lns, wout avc iisinlLiatedA what grcat. Intercst theyý had F1in P Enl,' 11\ howlo that 0I' thC Churc1-h Of EniglP was there, andI such sort of reports wvere b eliesed, which the itpeople wiull have beets too apt to have credited clwhecre the toatter of fact was so pluau, would Cither have made them qutit the Chth or at least to have been very unsitferent in it, for the generality of these parts judge of things as they see thiem here, not being capable of rightly understanding how aitIhirs are manageed it lng15" & may be stlfinte rest governs as much in these parts of the WVorld as anywhere. I liherewith thutimbly traniismit to your trace, the Copy of a papier, viz: No. i 'lThe case of the People called Quakers, which was presentid to me when in Maryland, & what was done thereupon. No 2. 119 [1700. The Coply of his Majesty's order in Council for repealing these laws in Maryland. No. 3. The Copy of the Act for religion, &c., in Maryland. No. 4. The Copy of the adldress of the Council &c Burgesses in Maryland to the K1%ing,'s most Excellent Majesty about the Said lai w. No. 5. 'The Copy' of his Majesty's order in Council of thte.1o" (lay of Dcc', 1 69%frrpln~2lw, cIcn not but observe to your Grace that I question svhethcr tile addvress in No. 4,was ever Presentetd to his Majesty, tho' it was sent with the Act;& if it wa's, yet when the repcal in,1 ordler in Couincil was mazde, it was not then retucnihered, hut I hope, that the address now sent from the(. Council & Burgl sses of Maryland aboutfi tth late act for n 'lig-ion, &_c., will by your (Grace's mnaicietuent have. Iit~cr success (whitIth is N" 6). 1)". Blray sent mne his Ixc GQ ov, 1 lakcst Its Stt'tt' I (whiiel is N" I), &,% to the A ss ittlly'. with I O (1W of tlhe A\ct I tasci( there (which is N". 8), for i stabItII liintig tli' I rotest'itlt alsUtli 1 also tlte addlress oft tile Counctil & ii Hur't'sse to Isk tittst s;Iiert.( I NI ittsty ('ott1()l~ttt l'Ilticstilin hu1lt that h Ilk. its '0' l1111 so`t & I i'l. HI-Iri will give yottr lcea full1 oct, of t~ltlo th'Ait. I \Vis itl tolws thtli 0 '. I r ty &, NI' II iit sttitlt l at' ee of' his Ma i~st y s littitot tltl cittuncil whitre Ili are C(otittlitsstu'ics, 1,01. thecir Itltt 1 tine' Sito I I tk ito Ittl Jittlitdtiltl tot t~le 0lilt of I" '114" & I 5l ftMt) Nlt'esu'itfii 1tir it iv.' l vat' cl;iI' afill] Atec of1 1111' (lilt11 tColl illt.c wti toItt Ill(. Ilit' hal~r( lout, &, \till ly'ii ((if \Vilhiutit,. Ity tilt isst of ittl( ChtItriht, ill tle((r ttI is' litl I f'tttttt it tihtsotiattu'N iit't'ssLti'\ to Itha1tlve i th t Clerg''N titet tt. ithere, &, 1 htojc )'tour Grtact' trill )lxirdi'tt tie ftor littrewsiili setdinhti y'vtit the Copy oIf lmy' Ntttct tto theiti (swhiith is N''. w)shten tmetlt hre witht their Atts' therneto, & I utole ill Goil that thovse whto 1,tre promtsvd:( tt ptrfsurtt will perf'orit it. I lere airt vlicaiicics for 6 or 8 hrytti bitt thie counttry lit present sct'tis to lie averse to anry moirte Scottcht (r very y'(,Lntn, clergrymen, for there are severlh of bioth sttrts, Mrhiclt htlti cautst't a great idissatisfaction in thte courntry; bitt I have & stliall endeaivoutr to taike it o ff. Thait about the Scotchl Clergymten twls Intdussrioutsly conttrivedl itn Sir Edward's titme;&`, when such thinglys otnce taike itt these Itliris of' the wiortld, they are not eatsily worn out. I have & shall recommientd to the Cottmittee 1700.1 1 20 appointed for revising the laws, the Act for Religion, &c., as also to the Asseinlmbly when they meet, which is designed, God willing, in Sept' next, & I will not be wantilng, as oppiortunity presents, to rtcommenidl to t.hem his Majesty's l{ryal College, & I hope in God to have good success inll it, for in order to it we livre -lt iltihm hmave tdie use of some part of theo Colli-ge for them to sit in, as also for the general court illn Oct. I hope that your race will pardon our high ines ption in (electiwng your Grace Clianctllor of his Majesty's royall Cllege of W\ill", & MNary. Buit all the world must applatild our Choice, & say that we have dlone one wise thing w wh we si illtnaniottusly atgreed u1o0 it. The olier tlday we weVre to have had a igeneral meeti Ag of tlhe (iov'", &c., 4 diti Colle-e, but we wanitul one to make 'i major part, the principal biisintiss wais aiout writing toi your (iracs, for a persotn qualified to bc Ioth Mathematic & PIhilisofpiy Professor, which considuring tlit' int'hcI y if the Colk-'e, we l1ttie i1 iy 1le imaiIiaged Itby o05li prson, his Salary is to be /tseo per Annii. & ts. tf iach schliolar, for sucli 'n one Ibgins to lbe mititlch wantdl tiere hting in[1 a scmlitimaster, his Usher & a writin' master sto afttr hi I iath tanghIts tlit, iy is fitr as lie cal, thwy lit lii Id to leave thIn CotIle'- e for rsant of such I protsstir. Attil by ts' ChiIrter, thlt Coll.slge caitnof ]( trlaIni Irr'd but to a Pis tictt & Nastirs, & Ni. Ilair says tIat thwir is uily s'Itti lf l uNtjiSt-1. &L i lii m tft-r, vi1: h that Wti hn litAl l,Iti;l sto 111.at il i 'll - (" ()d tli Mat-it'll atic Iin st' ' ri p u ftir t it's, lith Ctll-e - y b, i [11(l'l C w t tihein, \ 1 'i tii if isn n t I thittk t- si tit it is <l tht d lit r 1. \Ve rive Sdil tat k( *, l wiilltic-) a'flnr ixtst Xmas lie 'ir ---lti t hau ll --I & list- ill the Collr'-(,, th I Imtin Visnitr, (,1 Ittr & \VWiritinw NI;sti-r. - iS iy SIilars as are I illiin, to boali i I ta,; &I M'i. IPIresilent l 1ar lath undii tIt kct tls r 1iithe fir-ýt ycar to providek for thwir. accommnodation; & by OhILS oppm*11unity of tilt ficvt, n1CCIII)Arics [Or dhc Ki%ýtchwn Pantry, IL., Ir ob e t o. Ih m bi" Of your trc, is i t hie litsibli, tIht you would lw piltlAt to scttd I is such' a Mathemuttic & Philosop1hy Master or Proliftssor, &S" I suppiSe hstle may get Ihis Majesty's 20o Iloiunity Motney, which is allows i tio cvcry MNiistir thliat citmrs into these parts of the worltd, for his transpiortatiton. But I believe thIat thle gentleman may nut well urlderstandl how to indl a convetnience, and provile necessaries for hIiis Voyage hither; & if he does it may be trouhlesome to hiimn, therefore that hlie may be at no charge or troublle about these affairs, if your Grace pleaseth to send for my merchant, M'. Micajah Perry, who I find is very ambitious of waiting upon & paying his duty to your Grace; he 121 [1700. will do his business effectually; & I design now (God willing) to write to hlim that hie may do so. I herewith send your Grace a Copy of the instruction., in NO. o0, which I have given to the Indian traders ahout Procuring In(dian Childiren to he blrought tipl in the Colgon Acc' of the Right I Iont"" Rob', Boyle h is Blounty Which was ptrocuired for tihe College i)y you r G race's ittterest. I hiope yoor Grace will give tile your pardon for herewith sending- to your (,racee copies of several letters & other Papers in No. II, which I have *re.d f romi Pennsylvania, N. York, Rhode!iand-, &_ N. E.i1g0, lby which your Grace may pleause to see in wvhat cirettlostances thecy are with relation to Chturch affairs, &(,. 1 ant iteactily sorry that thtere are such divisions inl N. York, ats also titat titere is no very g,,oodl ttttdesttttditt, istweett dtie Re(,v,ý'. INI'\les, of, Bostott, &l' NI'. IIItidgeC, abOUt Rhode, Isil tbu ttt I ttt riot Itrottil(d tht utltere. are like to ite divisionts atmtottgst tite N. I t I tub t -S, spciaIl~ly tt Bostont & (Itarlesloaml, & iI aeal ay s tILI 1)dty'(1 ) Id hilts Chutrch, to tint1 btt tile Gktry. It svill be a very Jgrelt sattsftctiltot III( tol 10It ve yott Grae colitti ttttis Sz litte-tiottts cloteetil iIII-, ttty ittrtILkIhI It,) %Vttit tite1 itts alstt itn sl aryla1tid if) ttCSI et of, the (lttt tell, &'.) kSI if) respll e 1ct of' 111 is (brg1-yX &College, foir by) ltetit I 11ope iltat ( o0d AltittItlty swtll iw plb 1. d to cI tttlie 11i1 itt;otttle liltts te Ito Ill stlt 110 Ciarattal \0I 1111 yIt 6111 c \%'asI I 1 p1 a~ed to givc sef' tIlec to ttty ILord Cltatellor, \\slit ttyou1rtI gott tIlic tlts Gov1, viz: tltat I shiottldt be trctt to NI y Godu &Z imt Kill". Gov" NICHOLSON to die. ARCIlY" of CA4Nr'E"RBURr. VttoGtst, JAME~S TOWN, Jutly:23, 1700. MAY Ir tLI;AsF v0011 G;IACE, Ott tilte 27 of May last, I presumted to write to your Grace, & I hiope in God tltat tite letters & paer I thierew\,ithi sent your Grace hatit reed, as also that D1. Bray liath waited upontf yotur Grace & given you a full ace'of tite Cith affairs, &c., especially of titose of Maryland. 1 lately miet Goy' Blakeston in Maryland on occasion of tlte Indians, & I got of him a copy of the exceptions ', C 3 C~ 3 c~ i,~ 'r~ CL % ~J7 r~ ~ "c; ~c, i, C ~h ~I -- ZT, C, % -,,, CW"r c~ce 41 f: I ~= '' rn rV, r u o~ r, G ~; Y C:~ -t 8 3 F-, - = 4 c -~ _ u t- i r: S? I"" '/? r+ Y t: '~ 3 ~ ~L~ y r a F~ wr~ 7 r u:, h~ '~?a pr;Ci r: 7 %-;r ~; "ft h I; c3 cr " C __ r~?i S =; i: ~= ~4 u ~7, 37 P, ~ J c 3 c v" c I~ z v i, C;~;r~rc =r0 r cr 3 r~1 s~ 3 " ~ c~ ~~ o C~ 1~ I r C ~I,,,,, " rY 1 ~ 3 vr ~"' r Ej r~ ~ LL r:r: C r C 3,- i 3 1 ~, rr 1,C ~r/ C+ 3 cc ~ ~5 ~c~C '7 C " r,-i 3 s 1 C-. Y= % 'e YS,?j 3C c'r~--~;r, " I r 3 r: t ~r In,, c 7 ~n 0 q (3 3 3 C~cS cr; r c r: "7 CC%, r? 7 c r ~e ~-" C3V C r,,, 3 c 1 1 r. 3 'r, 3~ i " 1 ~;T~ r. c 3 Cr Cj "_ ~h~~~0=~3~3 V, C, " -? i ~" 7 ~~?~r~ C 5 5 7 C, r, c_ z ~" - a o ~Z"F~ CC3 *~I 7 r ~3'Cr (: '=. ~n O 5~n C rJ1 ~- F ~7 r L~: y ~ 7 )3 O r, Y c~ -, " 13 r r, r: h) cj 13 O ^ J L- ' ~~? yl 3 %- r ~-" -, F7; O 3 C) F -O~.,..05:CJ on~ 3~ O,t c c ~J i /~ c c, I. C r --, " ~ 3 5~ 3, r Z~O r: r ~rt~ 3 L ~ r ~ r~ Su r 3 r " re c~ 7 c ~ CP c~ c E3 r r. 1 i-', V1?rvC c 1 O Crc; C 7,N 3 c, 'r- C ^i ~ I" -; - r 3r c, 3 r~ O ' C o O~) % S u c Oh r v 3 3 7, rrc~- 73, C+ r; C r 1 r 33 7 - ~, n,," rr c ~O ~~"~ 3, 31 "~ r 7 ~Z r ~~O ~ ~ ~~ CP C ~, f: r" r, ~-~ Tr~ " r: ^ V C: i =f ' c+u: O CC i C O " r, 3H Y. "?~ c rV c Cc: ~ 7 ~ 3 --~ ye ~r~ "z ~- 30~?~ Ir ~ ~ h 7;~ _O O c, v,,,, 'C ~ 3~3~ ~3 V,n 3 ~ 3? " Cb -, c ~ v r+ S ~5 ~( c~- u: 3 c. r+ h r 7 ~-33 v C. r "~z. i~ 3 1 " r " --.~I >-~ 3 c t ' 1 (J yr3~V ~ 7 E) c, nY ~2c~r, ' ~ v ~JO?;r. g--- _c; c~ r, v r 730 7~ F3, r `~ ~ 3 C~,, S 3 O ~;1 P 3 ~:C Ir 7 -r, 123 [I7OO. esty & your Grace; & in order thereunto I am an humble supplicant to your Grace for your directions therein, as also for the blessing of him who is Your Grace's most obd' Son & most obliged humble Serv', F. NICHOLSON. ViRcINIA, By his Excellency Francis Nicholson, No. to. Esq', his Majesty's Lieut. & Gov' General of his Colony & Dominion of Virginia. ntttructifol to be observed by M'. Rob Hlicks & NM'. John Evans concerning which, they are to treat with such of the grleat Nations of Indians as they shall trade to, & particularly the Usharees & Totterays. It51iam.is. You shall acquaint the s' Indians that you have lparticular directions from me, (the chief Gov' of Virginia) under the great King of EngI'1, &c. (ily most sacred master), to discourse & treat with tthell, concerning the several particulars following. I fTr. You shall acquaint them, that a great & good itan who lately died in l;l gl (the hon'l"i Roluirt. Ioyl. l '.), ving a giir t li ve for tlhe Indians, hath t umoney tnoutIghl to the 'olligi tire in Virginia to kcip ) or 1to itlian clhiIIroin at it & t ho tetmil tltitt to read, ik rit & all other irts & scinci;, that tltli best IEtglishlilttit's otis do learnt [a t. Noiu shall acq taitit tthem that it' iiy lit their tchil(irIti be brotigIht to th Colllici & eidlicatie ltire, thie ltglishlti will teach ditt to know their great Almighty c oil who is ilae khto o ivry1 thmitg tl teit & wll k.\ give tltenll all gw id thiiitgs as he iliitht to the iiglishiii. Ii rsi. You shall acquaittt thein that this text Stititu er tlti roiiiiis will be made ready at the Col(lge 1or thttir riccption Iu& acitonuilodation & that it any one ( Great nation w\'ill setid 3 or.4 of tlhir chilhdreni thither, they sliall have good, valuable clothes, books & learning & shall be well look'd after both in health & sickness & when they are good scholars, shall be sent back to teach thle sameic things to their unt ieii le. I et the childretin lbe yuiing, albout 7 or 8 years of age, seeing the-y are to be taught fromin thIe first beginnting of letters & let them have a caretill indiaill man of their owni country to wait 1upon them 1702.1 124 & to serve them & to talk continually with them in their lasngaoge that they do not forget iwhilst they are amongst the English. l'-ttK. Youi shall acquaint themn that while their Children asre at the College, their lattht'rs or other relations or Friends may coot & see themi as, often as die>pl'vic les they Shall It otale wlcomle tlieitisi Is s &v, will see hlow l their cliii ciii are uised. testýý. Yiou shall take- patiictlar care to maethe i,,ceit mnen oif the loliate;- tlirotitplilv seoisille if every Itartictilar pail ot iloe priiopiisitionis, & yt)l iii ialit )'OiiI.lest Inicest aod( enileasooir toit lMnw thisil s,- oc ok & that no jeahiitsy tic apiii'ilt'osiits tif daitipir mlay t c iaii illii tlii 1litl" Ityo >u slhall asciir ct titi t, t hat 1 ito1 th(i'ic vcry pistil frititi & 'ito1 vec.y isilli ivi to hive a tilt toil cttmtttet'e with theis &- if they thlii fit co)itti oii tll(it iii e y safe~ly c('titit ill &, Stii' h( C(iillý'pi &, hie satisfitil of' tlii' tirittl of, tlhi a`i(.ltit ii i lits\. \'tin shall in list ttattte of, tie Citllip,,ijvc titti ill t;ti' initt"ilale asstracate, thatiit icr ('lijlul-cits Shall taitvei> pisti ciid 111 'illl tiptit coi tst. NV Ill N y' ii dilIis d iscoti ceed thli al sise tticistititli 1 ltiiiiiil ikrs wsitli the Itidiats s &, ha' ' ied, ihi.i t aims' tot the cattle y!oul 'shalt I)iv( 'a trl ciii of, ii1il your r ltocci'iltips th un'iiiito tie 1 loul'o Ihittji" II t ý,W to I otl f hisNlji'istx's (Tittitil ofi Staute iii this hlis Coltiti & I omisoii'Vil' i' eitia & that iiiT "tf what i m tr'yt a!;, Is' at, wlicht shall Is ri'1iaiil fto tiii, tiipt'tltt'r with a at rl'oWearil fiiourpil troitible & tlihiitii'i' ili this if ~liii. F. NICIIOI~SON. M'. BLAIR to the ARCHPY OF CA71RB URF. WILtLIAM & MAiRY CoujEtu: IN VIRGINItA, Jul1y 13, [702. MAY urTP[lEASE YOUti GRACE, Tfise opportunity of this worthy Bearer, the Rlevd NI'. Steven Fouace, who is not unknown to your Grace, will save your Lordship the trouhle of reading 125 D 702. a long melancholy story of our Virginia affairs. I am mightily ashamed of my owvn crror & and much more inl having, had an haind inl leading your Grace into it. But certainly now after near 4 years experience of C-oy' Nicholson, never lieoplle wecre inure deceiveil or ilisappjointeil in any inan thian we have been inl himi. Instead of the l lalcyon days wve pruinisel ourselves under his gITivCrfl hu t, W(! li~ver hiad near soimich1(1 stiirin &'ý tenitiiist, fi iiia Ii's &S"I Iir. r~ae~lli iisas inl thlat tinei. I Ic Loveci-s uls as if" weV(- c a cmilpl) itii (d i (;,Ile slavs bN coninia roaring & thiundering, coriii-sin:, swcarmwý blW billing-s-ate Iauaeto that degree- thit' it is- it tech'? iticrelilibli to tho(se, who have tot fiinitw lesliectatiiis of it. 'let I for-ge!, wha"t. I said ill the s~inning (it lily Ictter. I leave all our 11attO is to Mjr I uue Vl() hlas 1)1 h md Itinii,If here fir tOwse 1 it, or i. years 1tc has lwen inl the country Witl a (e,,cut dr ii of inoen r.I ildcice N: iVill he ti iy oi Iic inisseil by ois (iii lvnun hid tIne ii (si tiflie ciiiittti v )Ii Ilsi,; ai & oo1liti ho Ili)ptahill)w It cpIiJ ti & ereit c~laiii Its di w i I sr. lIeI w~as t 1-4n11 )Ir I i 0itli bad lic liN ill tin tiat (f Stwliitnc rn I \ iic 1)Ide liitii resol()ve o~ii tomlw to Licve i1s silt I thinkll we(, silooild li tvi 1It hinn still for dll tlimi (lois outi(, ciii ilitistitin (s lucre wine. very, (,)l fiiiti tdoli () it' it had no(t noi n Or ilti Barbrl on sac te ltat lie (as ivell is; ill, i( htis oold frietids;), Inas uuo(, 1 iitli fi innl (;(%, Nicimlolsoin WVe iiiist soicit nitiii i if iS inl a li~tie timec, ifk( dic tanic courseit hi i it 11)Siosii tio solb"iist. Ion'', tudor 1 uch iitilittal ahti oos a, ire, otlt liiiiii is b Ii'liiiii I hi4 rially Iwi Ii to iui i ( thus'r C('riottiw H#, lwiii'hover isis a itian1111hult ooci'ivid sii 11tit1y Nisili ai slits' of! lci1 ioot, \Vluiili ks iii tiirtooil iii(( a tisnixtre o)f' Ito' groossist liylmsi isy, &"ý Ii, nde' ohuii ias' li an WIull Ib' itlita inil. I iootllit- no(t w~i ti l iiyoi racvo is; tr(Iilli otfiur doniif' ili if'111 t(i) ho e iif tlic l(I, la ri, y')iii wiltl Ii v it i itt i te oot mit l iiti i, a1 iii it iniiiortil11tate ('Itiorlih & l'o'pioul & cooitoli-(tt yo illI br't i'tldc1i'ivotrs 1for win rsl'' ly ri'li'f, 'I'lie fearer wrill iiiforin your Grce. who svli stormIl has filloit i1ion( its, u~ponl occasiion of a fti neral Oration I Pronoun ceod in oiir College in Mcemory of 1King Williamt. It was chiefly o ccasione. by litty imaki ng, use of that iipfii rtii flit)', tio cmi oitiemd the nil(ilitss & (;ntl 'no ss of thin Kin.(,'s reig01i, Which oii great mnam toiuk to lie a tacit reflection ott foimismIf' for his fuirious anditnail way of' Government. I was obliged inl lily owno defemmce to refer that discouirse- to Your G;race's censure. All. Founce will1 deliver Your Grace a Copiy of it, & I dotibt not your candid construction. There is one favor I have to beg of 1702.] 126 your Grace for my self; now there will be a new commission & injunctions; it is that the instruction appointing my salary of /ioo a Year as Comy out of the quitrents may not be forgotten to be renewed of course. It will cost your Grace but a word to any of the Lords of Council for trade & Plantations, all I can promise your Grace for all your favours, is gratitude & a constant endeavour to approve myself My Lord Your Grace's most obliged humble servant JAMES BLAIR. My Lord, I have enclosed an extract of the design of our College, with my opinion of what nay be expected, from the chancellor thereof in obedience to your Grace's commands. Gova NICHOLSON to the ARCHBl of CzINTERB URV. VIRGINIA, KIIKOI'TAN, July 22, 1702. MAY IT t'IIA5R YOUR GRACE, With this I am comiuntuled to transmit to your Grace the following papers viz: N". 2, a Pastoral 0C11oquy in English verse, spokeit I y some of the younger Scholars, in tie ( llege ball before his I xex, her NIajesty's I lon"u Council, the liiigesses of Assetubly, &c., upon the death of his late Majesty King Williato the third of t lorious memory. N". 3, a Pastoral soketn by the s' Scholars, &c., upon the Succession of her Sacred NI ajisty (' (een Ann. N'". 4, Copies (4 sevecal paipers & orders of Council relatitt to the French refugees in Virginia. N". 5, Copies of some paplrs that lately pass'd 1ietwitn his excellency & tlt Levi N. btti lBlair, occasiotei chietly by NI. 1lair's fun0ral oration up(1n his late Majesty Ki Ig \Villiattt tlti' 3 sOkeil before his Excellency, her Majesty's tot'1' Cot tuicil, the linrgesses of Assembly & the Virginia Clergy, &c., io the College 1lall, to whticll Iijs is prct'xtd, the Copy of an Ans' to a Specch \lhich his Excv was 1( ased to make to die Clergy. I lis Excellency taking notice that NI'. Blair had several passages in 127 [1 703* his funeral oration which reflected upon the late King James the 2nd &upon his Excellency; lie would have had M'. Blair to let him have a true Copy of it, which he absolutely refused to do, as your Grace may please to see in the ii page of N". 5. M'. Blair letting his Exc' understand (as your Grace may also please to see in the first page of No. 5), that he would transmit his said oration by the fleet (by which this is designed), both to your Grace the Chancellor of the. Royal College of William & Mary & to my Lord of London his ordinary; & abide your Grace's & his Lordship's censure; therefore may it please your Grace, it is his Excellency's desire that he may have a Copy of the Sd Oration sent to him from Engld, by one of your Grace's Chaplains or Secretary: By which means his Excellency will be the better able to judge whether M'. Blair sends to your Grace his oration in such very terms as he spoke & read it in the College hall. N". 6 are Copies of several papers con. cerning the accl' of William & Mary College. No. 7 is the Copy of a letter to me, from Ihrlington, 22 JIte, 1702. F'. NICHOLSON. By his Excv" Order PEiREtiRINEe CONY. SIR EDWARD NORnTJIEr' S opinion concerning induction of MINISTERS in VIRGINIA. On consideration of the Laws of Virginia, provision being made by tle Act, Entitled 'Cliiircli to be built or Chapel of' Ease," f1r the bdinin a Clitirch in (ach parish & by the Act cntittlid '' Ministers to be inducted " that NIinisters of each Parish shall be inducted on the presentation of die Parishioners & the Cliurchiwardicnis bing 1 by lie Act entitled, "Cli urclhiwardens to keep tie Church in rcpair & provide Ornaments," to collect the minister's dles, & by the Act '' flu" the I etter s5upport and maintttia uce of the ClNr1gy," provision being made for die ministers of the Parishies & by the said act for Indiucting Ministers, the ( ov' being to induct the ministers to be presented & thereby lie 1703.1 128 being constituted ordinary & as Bishop of the Plantation & with a power to punish ministers preaching contrary to that Law, I AM OF oPiNoUN; The advowson and right of presentation to the Churches, is subject to the Laws of Engli (tiere being no express law of that Plantation, made further concerning the same). Therufore wiieii the Parishioners, present their Clerk and he is ilducted by the Guvr (who is to, antid nst, induct on the presentation of thie Parisiioners), the incumbent is in for his life & cannot he displaced by the 1arisiioners. If the Parishioners (0o not present a iniiister to the Govt; within 6 montlis aftcr any Church shall become void, the Gosv as ordinary shall an Id mai collate a Clcrk to such Church by lapse, anti his collatee shall hold the Cli 11i his li I, t I the Parishioners have never prcn liid, they have a reasoiibl timi to pte tnt a minister; but if theiy will not prcesnt heing requircd st) to II Gov, 111,1N. also in thutuir illfault cillati a milistir. In ildtitiini Iillillsltcrs by the( GOV MI the iicescn tatiotin I thi i li i parsits, or on his own Collation, he is to see tilt: Minister be qualtted accordin iis that act for inducting mlniistilrs requircs. In case of the avoidaci fcc (di iny Chliuiich tiit Civ, as or dimnAry of the iilantation, is accordin4 to tl te Srttu 2s, 1l St Cap. 1, Sct. 5, to appoint a miiiisttcr to oiticiate, till tii IParish didl presenti one, or the ix iloiinths be lap-ed ani such person appoinnd to ofiticiatt in the vacailcy, is to bc paii 111 for iiis scrvicc out of due Iroit ts ilith tof ct Irom11 the time the Cliiirccii icecoilits volid. hy the I aw above statcci in this cias, no minister is to oil coltc as such, till e hit si iecid to the C \.t, he is io ifd ied, accordiiiig as the said act for indciction directs. It the vestry do not lcvy' the Tohmcco for thii: N isttr, tilt: Courts thi re iiiust decrt'e the same to iti levicd. July 21), i 703. [El)\\ NORThlEV. At a Council heild at Williamsbiurgh the 3" day IOf Marci, 1703. Upon rcading at this board, Sir Edward Northcy, Kin', hier Majesty's attorney general, his opinion upon the Acts of Asscmbly of this Colony, relating to. the Church & particularly concerning induction otf N1 iuuistecs. I [is Excelit icy in Council is plased to ortier, that a copy of the Si Sir icw5 Northey, his opinion be sent, to the Churchwardcns of each Parish, within this Colony requiring thcm, upon receipt thireof forthwith to call a vestry & there to cause the same to be read and I-i'tered in the Vestry Books, to the intent, the Sd vestries may offer to his Excellency, what they think proper thereupon. W". ROIRRIiTSON, Cler. Con. F. NictoacsON. 129 129 [1711' copr of part of a speech made to the General Assembly of Firg in ia i/i Nov. 17 71 I.I'm in Ilolpcs I have said elu(:000g to awakeni your thoughts of better secuiring9 your'selves on1 thle one;idle & -shall next lay before you,WhtIav(ln to lprotect you onl the(. other. B y my Late o~xpedi tioti I have ptrevailed upon our neighboring I nd.ians, to give fpledges of at I aithhdti peatce, by yilingl) SeVetal of tlu'.ir chief rulers' childi-'en to be edllcat( d at our College. TIbis fair step) towardIs t11(icr conversion, is tll moire vitialtuie by) how much all atttn.illts of this kindl have lhith'(rt() proved in( I"fietual,nor shiall I the his; re('j))icC! at it, (('causec it costs lie the trii t(1) iii It iIts eve,(r be(n a profit to foirmter Governiors espeI cially if' you test ify your al 1ro(Iation (of what I have (I i'( ', biy following" the I'Aaiulo, & adim inomeu fundl fo.r the imaintenance of those Children, who arce like to be nboreiln nuiulwri than the(, Pious donation f'or that jmpitro(se ca~l 'l sup(oct. 1 (loult not b ut w lulst-by kind and (;citl' nians we eiideavoiii to Changev tilt- S;''e atiur of thecir youth, they will Imbibe', with the( Loglis"li' I;oI'(%~e tlu:, trmll pincpllhý ohs(f our cexcellent Chur ch, fronm whncelo, wvill arise two of (It hrea'c'tt'st 1 suit ts, the salvation of' iiny 1poolr 5(o(l"Is & wvithall, the, lest (If s, cucities, to iiiir lpei'soli5 & L~states, for once. make them giiod Cli ist i'ius & you mlaN, confide inl 'elml 'Ibis Iliscoul '50 thu, containgi" a vanicty (If the( Iii() St impilortanlt mlatters, iiia\V 51(111 ler''ps to 1(11' yet I shouild thinlk it very d'ficieult, (~ri- I to coindilec without )'it(", 'l sily ri'comill)illling tI),- yo)OUr cOWiin-sletionl In' case. oif tlhe Clourch whlichI 1llim the footing'. it nowm staunds is full1 if inci('illcil-uri's to ttanyl P astors &, tlwii'i flocks, liiill pl'stlad(lel that at luster regu-Ilatioul of such at pimtion as foi'iiii'r i;ssetlllies have jmlgeld I reasoutl lahe to lbe set apiart f'odi' h Cle cv-gi) nighlt tlome liaul dSi lily did liirae,* miluisters & better supp ly the(, country w\ithI Cliii rlcls. C 1)1(15155 buiit this woritk N& yo u'll have the( h onrIf Iimitating- the Piety (If your Queenl, 8& the Zeal (If at Iarlimltiutu biy I Icr Majesty so highIly CoMituieidetl. 1714.] 130 Mr. BLAIR to the BISHOP of LONDON. \liIiAiMxisiURCii IN VIRGINIA, Novr iS, 1714. M' LRio, I haid lately tile honor of your Lordship's of 'ug. 4"' 1v M'. Ino. Robinson, having a little before that Reed the Commuission, to be your L.ordship's coinnissary for this Couintry. I heartily thank your ILordship & shall endeavour to answer your ILordslip's epectatiolns fromi me. But it is necessary that I acliuaint yiour ILordsliip thait this Country having a great aversion to spiritual courts, the late ILord Iishop of London directed lloe, to miake use of the powers granted me, in a like commission byli hIiii, chietly to restrain tile irregularities of the C(lery witlhouit meddlinm With tle Laity, except our Virginia Laws & ( Gov' should ve Coiuntenance to a further exercise of the ecclesiasticas dclisciplie, soi that the Chief of my uisinswss has mbeen, where I have heari of any complaints of the Clery, first to try to reclaim them by monitory letters; & hlien tliit wouldc not do, I havi Ihadl a public visitation of their Church, and il ipon an o()en trial of the facts, have iitder acjiiitted or sus1iiided tie: Miniister as the case reiquired. I have imadle in all my time but few examptiles of thiis Kind, butt I findl it necessary not to bie too slack as on the otuher han1d I n 11o11t suspected of tooi great severity, the great Scarcity of clirgyiymen amnitilg Us, oblliges tie of the two to inclite ratlur to tIle tItetlo(its of giintleness. Ny' Lord, I inform your Lordship, truly of tlisi thiniitigs, that if y iu Judge it necessary to give any further directions, xiou may take measures accrlingly. I Laive transinitteul to I P. I lall, a list (of the Parishes, with the Mnat"'s Of lithu Itrec'tt ii n icmenllis s al h sirell me, Ilit x\i: are to have a conviention iit if tl (rv, xwithin this firuiitIt, at xwhich I iintid to take a moret exact accIrtitt of tluir several orie rs and licenses & thii i if thlei r 1w aIIx\ occasiun the ( I V. sh ll tear furltir froi tt 1c. Thli re is lik xwisi. to lIi shol ly a tetting if the: (ox' of tfl Colleg",( to which I "shall cominttuIt nicati what your I uordship writes (III that suijici, lily xvill no doubt he very thankful, tIr the [mlior 1oun Lordship bI.es tthiol iineh ptien:x tltll office of CIakicvlso. s Thr Kin" lit-s beenct proclaimed hcro with all decenlt joy. I know not so 131 [1704. mutch as of one disaffected person to his Govt in this Country. We have had in all ottr Churches, by orde~r of the Gov' a funeral coinmnemoration of our late graciouts Queen andl are shortly to have a thianksg(iving- for his Majety('st peaceable accession to the throne. \'tC are excceeiitg happy in it N lant goodl Guy' Co'. Spotswood, Nvlmo is a trite frieind to the Clergy, &ar in itt'aine hopes thmat the late law passil in Itarliatni for encotirag-ing thme tub meco tratil, &another pissd (1 ere fo(-r improving" the staple of hTobacco, whit.Ii bc) inJst now to take pl~ace Nvill put some life inl that cuitimodi ty, whlicht for (lit ers \,cairs past has been so low, that tuir ministers ( whose Salarieýs are all paidiillti it), have siifftCred very conisidlerably. If ate particular ticclasuiton prcscnts iof (N)11i0 service either to) the OClrgy o~r College.,. I shiall mi ake it mny bIisii tess to acqualint youtir ILordship~ & if' you hiave any coimmanamd.- at any tiiue fuOr either, or fur anly thing svhereiii I amt caliahl t of diuitig seriAce, dii V Sl1t11I bC ii uActua Ily ton1 1lied1 wVith by', My' Lor1d, y'ourl Lor-i',lsliiis most )bd' Ser-vamit, ]A"; BLAIR. Tie fzrit/ier 4A//aavit of 7'AA4111XS' BLAJR11, C/crl,, concerniiýa Coy'- AVLCfOL SO V'S,na/-d-dlauinistat/on, qut'// r~elation to t/he Clcrgy, the Co//cet~ JImlwe//6 Tilml Governor being by ier muaJesty's inistruictitns, inmrutms- with flit Ptower of giving Licenses if Marriagres, trlmes,f'il &Iltic nis i f Minmusters (& the rest of thme Eccelesiastical Jimrisi Iicmh ii, ltIi lft to nIvly Ltoil Iislit il of Londomn & my the Lotrd Bhishop mif Lonidont, tio hits ( oimitissary), whlich thle Gov' ill mis imistrimlctiiits is citmitmna imilem I to etilcuirag'1,. & assist, hIt heas 'a, far biroke thiro' tIme S" Itnstructiomns as to:mhiise thtliii tt Par o Fclesiastical Jiutnisihiction colimumitteth to himlself &, tim inv'ade thlat whlich is left tot tme IHisli pJ of London. As to thme fir-st, lie has abl mst-i it inl all its, I a its, firist as to iuvIicmsts tif Marriges, conttratry to itt exhitiss lasw of' Juat couittrswela mitialuljmty; 1704. 1 132 he gave a license to- Speaden, a man *of no estate, nor bred to any calling to marry -,a yoiing Orphan & I leiress of York County, by the means whereof that yountg ()rphan was married & ruitied, contrary to the cotisetit of her (11ardian, a crime which it anto magistrate by the i Law of that country, is ~500 Fine, & a year's imprisotment. TIhen as to Probiates by rveustiq to sign them 9 or ito months, a great many widlws & orphaits lost thdir Itliusl tandYs& Fatlters' debts, not being enabled to Siie, for bt the Law of that Country if a deWt is not a sued for in a certain short time after the Party's diath, it is lost, Inducttits of Mitt sirs Ihc has totally tieglected, not havitig inlucted so much as otiie Mtniustr diiring the whole time of his Go(i, by whichi mans it comies to pass that dii Miwiittrs art kcpt in miseratle plicaitous circumstances, like dm ittic Servanit;, rnady to lie turtiel off at pleasure, which makes the littir sort Itave thI ctuitv &N tlti rest so obscquious that tlhiy are ready tot dii xhliti he will. t iiie tlti m. As to 1hi Siionild, hl lit iinvitb i altittst Il the othlr parts of thIe ecclisiastical jurislictiit, such as ctivicaitig lie cringy without 1 ii itotini- of the lBishop'- conintissary, appmintilgr who shiall 1i- ach at tho(S(- convocattoll, aptearing timseif itt ihir mntit, & Itoptit-ntg thlt stitjct matter of their cittistiltatioti, hlohilitig sitpauat mctcnt gs of the Clerny without the I ishop's couimimissart, puttiitig those separate itteetinos upoin acts of cetisure & discipilie, getting tteit to Sign Papers it the name of the Clergy, requiring of some intisti ts Caunonical oitbiletict to utthimself as thltir Iistip, taking upon himself tit turn ut itiistes.& this without so much as process or trial. As eit has lrit tki thro' all his instructions with relation to the Church, so in other rcspicts 1w has withiuei from the Clergy that necessary countenance & respect xxhIth It is due to tdeii tunctition & li\ his Ihil(d exatipile, has cotitriliuted vscry tti Itch to increase their contempt amiong the people. I have heard hinm say that die (-l'i-ry wece all a Pack of St'tdiiis fellows N that le kiew not ont itiin in tlthn cuitutry that d(ixsi xi to bl inducttd & it is tow proved by atOther aflidavit that li, said thi-y wsiere all hireliigs, and di- tuaktrs were in the right N. that wlttu he was told of sotite of tle nli-gy that were dead, that lie said lie wished tlih-re Ivere 40 "mire Of thlenn dead: which was as tittich as to wish that there wmre utever a clergymait ill the country. Scv-ral of them of the waist tuottd gtood preachers lIe afirtinted and abus-d with the most oppribrious & villifying natues of I )otg, Rogue, Rascal, Villin, Jesuit. Some 133 11704. of them hie has madie'ride bare headed by him, in the b~itter cold of the wind & tile scorching heat of the Still, several miles- together. Somle hie has laiid violent hlands on, whilst they, were on I lorsehback, & pulled off their hiat hiimself. Some lie has threatened puiblicly to tear thecir Gow)%ns over thleir ears, Ilas never slparedl in their presence to Curse & Swear, abundance of thle most dreadful oatlhs, often at tile very Chutrch iloor iimmedliately before or alter prayers; & if tile minister lpreacliedl till) any (lity )lld tileý (-'o\, wias knowrn to iieglect, or againlst lily vice lie was kniowni tio lie miilty of' heSlil sidii escapledi witlilott rebuiikes or threcats, 6& till of late ihat lie had o)ccasionl for nci imilitilils froii themn ti) siupport his interest iii Liigland, never any, ( ovl used the Clergy so liarharou~sly, as lie has done. Th''lese adidrsses hec not oiily bareface-dly a'sks, lut uses ilie wvay of threats & lprisents, &, thireals &- iisiilis 1o obtuajin, & If ilie-ir ia(lilIS cesse diinit collie up1 to what lIe. wmild hlave, prop osis idA-\' I i-aill"its N: c(i lcavoui s by)ý iiiakiý, oiog fi-dil.-it] hecir larislics, to iiiki flie si'ripillois iiiiiiisiiis iiiiasy & to cit hemil lai1 aside, ]liy whlich iiiisi liasisi' dw i )I, I( e 11'k" tlciq &I( die rwa mle'Ist iti flitter are 1 ecmiiii his 0.1ciaicst Livi ciii's & several of, the hiest linilisters hiave beeni so liarcassil, thait ihiiyN hlave cliiseii rthe o quit die(. Couiitry thiaii to endure the-. fuiaigues &extorted,( flatteries, or iimsuilts of his G;overnmenl-,It. AS IT) THlE COLLEGE-E For all the interest lie preteiids to have inl the country, lie has not inl die least si) Jimihi as eiideavoured to get the Assembly ti) issist the College in their necessity, thio' lie had the best ii)pportiiiit), 1)) thii C oiitrey~ S enljoying the use of the College for thecir isseinhhies, cioirt-, & Co)iinc l~ S, hiihe the capital was a buiildiiig. I le hiiiiself has beein t~le( iii roiia hICst to throw abuises onl the College, peirticimhirly, lie railedlIagaýinlSt tlii:' I ild unl" thu exiiraordinary good for that coiiitry' & entered a puliic Protest againist it Iin thii Colleg(,e records. At it very Ipiillic tinie, the tiline o)f a g~lucalci ii cirt ]I(, i li(c i )iiiiil t~le( Col huge micct, tIliriaten ing. the(, Gov ()f theli leg wi thi a wriit i)f m iiu iii, iycoin the K~ingt & (Oiec 'ligr solihemii ly that if' they-ý Ciiiuld y i ~ivcn lie-tier Acct, lie niiist be of the hiedililS ui1iinionl & WuelV eveihai thle ici lIege1. was i oily) a trick to sicre somie niiiei's I artictimlar ihesig-iis, thiaii icIiichi noithing ciiiihi Ihaveý biicii thiruiwn out itmore maliciiiis ag~aiiist t~le College & titter tim dim it diisservice in tIme cmiiiiit ry. I IC ptit suIch an~ alffroiit iuponl them, as to ocdecr their acet` to be laid 1704-1 134 before the Gra'nd jury of the Country. But all tint huisiness of the Acc' had berin so fairly niantsgied that to this day no fault couhil bie discovered. I have hardt hirm swtar that he wouli si/ze the Collete for the Kinog's use & he crowdct d into it, the Secretary's olicfle, the Clerk of the Council's oflice, the Clerk of tin ho1ise of thirgesses' office & alldi tirt with himself & all thie Comrirrttt's. & had sit his pulic trcats i0 their hall to thi qrtat disturbance of the Collt e t 1usiness. As to the finishinri part of tire C(iltleg, he did so xcrssiverly humrry it rn frOr thoise s'v5eral uses, thartt partli by tihe Planitrk N tirmbrr einr' ''rtei & rns:asond 1 & partly by i ltort int rr r 'Creat nriumber of un11skillful ri s rnmirrrtwr tot ctimply wi \ it is hastt, it was sdiral1mfully s'tilt, & at tilhe sasrme tirrr 1) v i\g t.\ctssiv' wa'os to those woirkrnutr, wilo knew how to makr; ' ri,\; aL:t tf iris irmpatirrcrllc N hyi st \vtrIi lirll'ncrss;r;Lry additiot s tof his own inrvirtinlt, withlr t th' iirttrr tf thr (tvcrrrrrrs )t tire (fl, iw t inir \r"Iy was all slrrt &' thie tete bri' ght 510 irr dcbt. I-idi i /*: O wwhich at first hit advarrctd towards the frrrndirr of a scholarship, but s5Jtt in finishing thit Buiiling, yet afterwards madc thi C'riitge r1pay it everv fartf - trg; w1r ire ira ral it' tjritusr of it, 1hwrri irr i lrr rd NS, Virginia. In order t th the ruining of h Ctire llt e rrvlnut, rFor aiotrt 2 1'ears, tllnJr Ihad rrrrer of tirhe Pitrirr a Pi'rrnrd frtmrl Marvd1111, N t&rt is toot gttrd grrtrrrrid tro ielic've it was bi iis llc,; ttrivarc r, for i ttdrid wrt had ftrwrieri ibrtr btiitr1( rrillr to his ar tuauirtar nct' & Intt r st dh ro, butt w hli ' mad i is trIrtIgs Jtiiil, that lie wrouid fain krrtt hr we wrmrr A tr hI rrrry a Ptir id ill Marviand withourrt hiilr N. 1 ti rs s "et it as w1 ctrrld, for cit rorrlr i give rs rro mrrre assistaiin'c & in V irinia tino rr irs rr''itty tirllratcri'rrr to pre'ss the rrerr t rIlldf tihe s'essris itlrigirrg to Vir'riria ( )wnwrs, tiwrr was little tobaccrt exptrttd tor thie Plantatirrrs. srr littir Pcr rtr pi r hirrrnd r miririrr ir l &r ar tie sar scarce tire hie siadr' frt' C(itligi Rt AV txirrr w had given it, towards krrpirn'1 Of a Scirr hlar N. rail; irr Itt irs ftrtri tC. C11 y fIr auditinrg thir acct so that tiere was not etrnou'h tI I'L to rpay the laster's Salaryi. AS TO MV OWN C1RCU.1N1STAN('FS. Ile ihas madc th' eirt a s tmasy' possibi itie cinld, that I rrrighit not be abnle to enjoy any' 'iac' or rtiuieitn'ss ibut shi trir e tr liger tot liXve wrorst tiart any slave, if I liV'd at ill i l tie' cortilry'. The occasion he tot k to fly out into open etnirity witih ine was a pretendtr:d jealousy of my BIrother, as if lie had 135 [1704. been privately a courting his mistress; all care was taken to satisfy him that there wvas no such thing; miy brothier declaring to himi that hie had no such intention & that hie hiad never inade her a visit or writ her a letter; In short I assured him too that my brother at that timle was courtinig another geflitlewotttall, to whomn I hoped in a little tiinec afterwards hie would see himn married. As accordingly hie did, ])tt nothingr could cite timi of his jealousy. Il~e took occatsiont fromn it to send for mel( & after some little secc of' his susp~icion, hie flew inito these strangre expressions Sir, y'ou~r b.rother is a villian & you htave betrayed mue(,, lthen w'ith hand(s N: eyes lifted uip to hecaveni, lite added these striange~ wordIs ( ito a Iedriimg1 tliiii out as, 10131d its ieC Cotil( riar them ott the high way), & " M'. Blotr" sod lo, aii- nottce, I onv to the(- L"cieral Gi-1 that I \%ill ho. i evene1_d on ott &, all yotur t~iuly. I It, I ttsed all] ways I COold 1 iitik of to mititivcit Itiiti X. aiyhm I I3(313 tit1 33331iothlt.tL' woutld Io. I Ile told 33 333& 33 im33.i 3w.I ltc 3u PISIi)l \\'tts M,3115 0 1 tltltt all tile- ( Ii33333 ]1(. lay 3333313 t Iil titt 133 it 333tVt \M 33 ol Ill tt aci 33 3. & lhy G, le w3o331ld thl it the, Scales, &, thtat 303)l( ltr ot 1 l,I(.pc((till `V to 113(dw iiii I 13)131 hiim I IXy 33ti31r 3t gi 3 It dca tIof ( dMiu i 33 li lid Ii hi33353 1 was tltol(litL to tarealrc~ ltiitt to t13335 strag. vtt3'3 3 331ttttt ltodls 133. 1333 f(3ll333Vl; %d3'lt33e1 lit kitev Itilise.-ll ithat. I It 3(1 3313i --3 hI lito1( tIl(, 3133313 Conitrar3y, & 1h33 I)(.) 13and( at all, ilt th oltm - (ttscs lIt followc- whic h3lt il It 131Itc di315istasttil to tilte Coittttr itr wortds to that vlf -ct. Fromtt that tittie the ( evemo.--lr h1as pusitt-533 nict witil all thle inlstances (31thie most iio11lacable m1alice &S his left 33o sto)3n3 imutitttnd ito ruin t bthC1331 in Ewi-tg & titta [TO PASS IV MtA\NYV L FI R ts Tt HItNGtcS. I tave tween very fr-ijoemity scilit for, ill thti- IKiiigt or ()tli-lit S 3t;3111 foi to0 ittlter 1 tsictss, hImto I i eam- 1itt'scli thillcrcic133, S3.3 dled at &L 1133 lIsc & ol'temt itt t~le( 1313icltde of, ai _,rcat thi al of ci lh a ty, triateil withi wo~rse tattles, thaitt auly relttieillalt woulhId iv tile.i 3-133334ý 1(33 titianl, thlis wea-l's his livery, & 'asI erSed w\itlt the lint mit 13:51 3131 33 laljsits a i It I had1 133 elm maisulmgý sri itioji or l-cliclM1i ill tt ilt- I Ini his letterIs fo1 Fugllt' he has elt("l3,vot33 ii to in(tilt Illy reputtationt by 7ilse & mtalic'i~iis (allit 33313is l utI l 3 to NIN Iiiccesan, lie Itas accili-ir 1 11 of tilte vile ci itts o)1 \ liertas I ciall3113-al 13) tile wor3st et1(ielta 5 tave, that I have a teCIltitatiOmi, wltetever I sin kitown httlt itl that Cotittry & 1704.1 136 Elsewhere clear from any the least imputation of that nature, & now he himself being writ to about it by others & publicly taxed with it by myself is glad to let it fall & will not even own that ever he writ any such thing. As he has endeavoured to take away my reputation he has likewise taken away my livelyhood, for he has so ruined the revenue of the College, as I shewed i undr that head that I have had no salary, from it thtese 2 years, nor am niver likik to have moire if he can help it. It' initostrs came to seet me or pay tme the cotimon civility, t hey thought due to my ollice, he had fret uently chitl and abused tleitt fir it, & never (lid any good man take more pains to make p'aco & to cure divisions than he has taken to make dlifft'rnces betwecit ute & the cler'y of that country & endeavotiring. to tmake iem believe that all the instaites of his own rudeness & abusiveness to them, had been hb' my iatigation. At Litat 1or want of oither muatter, he wrought upon a great part of them to join it i Complaint of imle to tity Iord luishp ilt (if oiooin, ftr havintg pass'd a sentencoit of susp"itsion againsat a mtni tus 'r ft notorious drunkctntss & some othtIr critimas well prov'd against him. Tt l' at thw saute time whoetl this toiist'r Aitet, havinut' 1teett absent.4 tothto is ucticr sitslacosit io, camte to Williamt o h with tat' 'it to sobmltit & Putitiontt hate his sttspenttititi taken '41t & tIltn sich sttltmiaStiotn I was rcalt to have t kin it tilt atidiiiIs the G( "; 1tltiinig with him, wMItl I v litti it' 'aisa suiter huI to cointi t molt tr t, his tltsi'a' hecil' ltt to relic t the mitititer, but toi iakt use of his uas(t to itctsat tlth, Clergy 8t lily Load titihto1p of I'ttd'in. T'It 'ii art'ii iii' f his taluitt-ringt wt' ilt y sit\atnts & altit lie had got tint if thtmitt, to t(.1 a a t mli' ci us Mmt t I h it ((Ia t hitit ptlt it ill writitig &sunt, it I'm. For Eng to bhwken'l mle( witlimit (oi1w wr Ithe f cwmlmnw llstice to c;M Ilw to) hicar what I hadl Lo (Oy lr Ilef to e \\outlt scind t'(r meK u1ponl 1ma1n1 m~uch mlon. 1frivehlmus o1ccasitils, ithwre arc iwstanlccs too (it hisencouratgittg itty'my tthitors, not to clhar ace" with tie, to ir pay ite, that I ittiglit be puti to the Chlargit & trooble of a Law suit. O)ne of them to whott I had soi tar coutb'sct'itded, as to refer the busitteas in dispute to an Arditrator of his ownt titominitatisn, told roe, the Gov' even after the Signititg of Arbitration bonds & after the clay was aipotiited, to meet with the arlitrators persuaded himt not to mieit, nor submit to any arbitration, but to go to law, advising himi if lte were cast int the County court, to apteal to the general cotirt, " where," said Ile, " I amit the Chief Judge & will do you right," & accordingly the man 137 [1704. was over persuaded & went to Lawv & the Govr employed a Lawyer for him,,as the Lawyer himself told me when I came to retain him. I will not say hie has had any design u1)0n my life, though I will give your Lordships an Acc' of two Strange passageS that have an ill aspect that way. One was this, about a fortnight liefore Christmas 170T2 while I lo( Iged inl the College, I heard the School ltovs about j: o'cloek at iht ot rivitte of great nails, to fasteni & barracaule the doors of the (.rammnar School. I wais mightily so rprized at it for we had banishecd this ettstomi &, it was qluite left off for sonic yeats. I Madle haste to (gett 11l) &- With the- aIssistanIce of' 2 servant mecn, 1 had in the( Colleg'e, I haild almlost f'orced o1)en1 o1ne of' the iloors liefore they sufficielntly secured it, hut while I wa,;s lbrelkino- inl tltev I Re utly fired Off 3 or 4 Pistols & hutrt one of mly sers toits ill tlo( cyc w ilh the w tdd as I suppIlose o)f 001e of the Pistols, wh!ilel I 1111 0.d tO n od, somc o)f tit(- Boys, liavinltg at gr(cat kinldness for Me, eall'd out, f Ior ( Od s s il-. sir (loll 1 ofhr to coni e in, f'Or we1 ha\Is shot, & Shall certainily tire tt tn1 ()I)(, th tt first IltI rs. Upon the lo triti, (f this, I bcgiltn to think ther \%,51its somt~ititiitt moore tltait ordinitaty inl the lit 1111 &, desired~ a parcley witht thelt to thulki to, to fitld (lit 111)111 t\'Ilitt ace, it wais th,It they hail I~ro\'itllll fill atlos, I ow dc i Shot, whitol thtey had list r lisedto I11h1 formclhut that. tilit they wiiild weo disots ic it, ho() I 0111 1 s 11,1d s"tme SiIISi cioll, I)f tlte lblsi 115 (If 111N li Il ls Il \llui cislkil to Ict thwin almicl till ttnorttitt, &, tleiti gettiog' all tlt( (tither* otaster's tiig'-thill calling' for wockItlelt til brt-tk open thet dillrs Beif'ore we 10'llln, we off'ic tlittnt padonl, If' thly \Il~lti (ll)ft lthteir own-i accord &_ tell (I.- Itet trutith, Milo it was 11111 set ticltei on, 1101 by that title we( tail ttorc thantit asulspiciont I)f it, fo(r I hal mcll inc tf' Itis t'c~clhtlryNs stiv\aits tlirit, Ilm-11o in t a hottlin of lticit in, Soiclle )It'li Pow~der tilhill1 this, 111 I hoys, scittt m(lit at at Window, by a la~ldr (till' tt)f tltt (Itef 'llif el i tlctt kto'cw the seltle 1)lit, wi6111 iir to liscover it, Flb' Sti let o)f' his stttrv was tt lii ls~t. (dif l (115 retto'tthrlttct, hiat wltile tilte tail to' tlonillilts of' anly Stichl thliit, thle I or SI to for hlit, & lit Ititti Ilipoll it, g~5ttl tt wi o n tll os buy o \ict ils & tlriitk & Cattdlts-, & 'olr &_ Sho t, & lenlt tltein 0 (It Its tow PiIistoIs. 17on hear-ing tltat thte ( terillor, was the Author & the( contrise ot(f thits luisittess, we stit tlte- boY's to 1titt1, leavittgr it teo Itis excel lellcv to) lb tt lilt 11 tilt- tithe whlte Ile wmIlt It have tlteml distoliss'd, fctr it \%,ts thein about it weesck bef'ore tlte uIsual tiflle. Ilis eXCelletteyC beCinlg uLIt of' h11toor1, to thte' 1-reat dilsapp)ointmlltent of' tle IBoys, trdered thtat they should continue at thteir books till the tisual timie & then be d ismllissi'd, 1704.] 138 this tdecision made them very angry & they said they wondered what he had made all that to do for, when they were not to be dismiss'd one (lay sooner than ordinary for their pains. Wlhen we entered the school we found the (Gov'' 3 pair of Pistols, witil some swords & other weapons they lad provided. It was CGod's great nmercy to nme that the boys gave 01e warning of tilhe Shot & so saved me from tlhe dangller, which I have too much reason to suspect, was coiltriveti on purposiIe u(pon my ace'; his excellency bleinlg then in too lad a I Ihnor, to ldo such a thiing out of a frolic; besides that thle Fire Arms, iPowder, & Shot, my lying inll tile College; & tile diffe-rences ietween him & nice, which at that tilme were come to som5 e ieigihti, made tile badness of the ldesign too, too pIrobablel. 'The other PIassage svas allout 6 weeks afterwards. As I was ashleep in 1b1d with lmy wife i in my Chamber, in the College, betwcf-n one S tw-o in tilthe morning, a maid who la)y in a Chset just by, heard sotl1Iebody a openin tile door of tlhe outer room & after lie had turned the lock of it, come uie il tliro' to our chalmber tdoor, after hie 1had endeavoured to turn that lock likewise, Ibut colid not (for it was double lockied & the key within) tlien with all thie ftrci he hiadl, hie shook that cdoor so violliently, as if he had designed- to brcak it opltii, & this makinlg a very Tgreat n1118 ( 'for it 1was a thin pair of ftblding doors), awaked my w1-ie & (10 & 1 111th ail d (Alt l" 5hos there & i cal' 1 to the maid to light a c1andl fO1r It was in W\\inter towllards tllhe nd oIf Jan. At last 11when 121e he d1serv(d t(iIor ale 110 WM11 & that w we sIll Ifk111 v l(iwithout s1 pe aking a word), w1 1 lead m1111 11111 111ch off tlro' to ~i'~'';~;LCCL ()t Irlri ill~()Clt-)1111(1 tjl,;1S S lt tile (;(I) )\,r tl l111 \1 *,, Clt l 1 Ltj -11) tho, mouter romil ýgain. L 'pon (-nquiry I fon thtteGv ha ih a p pcarcd to be il so bad a humor hat eveýry body was afraid to speak to himiii. And a pcirson (if ()()(d ctredit told me1(, ie \\-,s s(,cn bet\%'-cn mne &- two otf tile. Clotk ill th 11 mor11ni11, to ) d irecly from his own housie toward tie college \hou cll t a lig-ht, with smnn othecr more partlcular circumstaices, which I am afraid to give 111 acO41 ot, lst 11noc1nt pirsons, as yet ilil lis Power, sI)t ild Come to be S11siuspecSt d of tills it1 C11110 I, b1ut 1 (i0 solellnly talkt my oath of it, that I believe lie himstif was tlil- pilrson, that attempted to ibr1ak into my cioham(er, for what reason at such unseasollhie hour near 2 o'lcclck ill tile Morning, ill a dark winter night, wh1n he could not) be a walking for iliasure, & when he welit away withotit spleaking a word. God & his ow11 conscienltce only know, nor can I imagilne what good construction, he could have put upon it, if either the lock or the door had given way, so that lIe had actually broken inll upon us. JAMlES BLAIR. 139 3[705. Mr. INGLIS to the GOVERNOR. Aug' 8", 1705. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR E-XCELLENCY, I think it my duty to acquaint your excellency, that I intend to quit the Grammar School, (which is commonly, but very improperly called, the College), both as master & Housekeeper, on tile 25a day of Sept' next. I have many reasons which move me to this, & shall only mention some of them. ill. Becaulse, M'. Blair, presidlent of the intended College of William & Mary, when last in Enug1," ordered Iiis Brother's Son, Jolin Blair to le taken fromn School, wlhich accordingý,ly was done & by), so doing, hie broke the Ice for 5 or 6 miore of his K'indred &, Party, who likewise, (at c only theyi), took thleir Sons & relations from school, after his laudl(ible csxlmlel by whiich means I lost 7 scholars, almost one tliird of the whiole, w Inich Iid almost broke the School & was a consilerable loss to ine, six of theinn 1)eing my Bloarders. 2"-. Becanse, by such prtocceedins I have very good re-ason to thinlk, that Nl. IBlair -S&- hiis party, hiave turned the noble (Idsit-iI of thei College, in1to a stalking,-horse to serve a turn, & hy taking theiir sons & relationis from scliool, desigu'ld to break it, because your E~xcellency is so much for promotingý it, & that they'. migiiht have it to say thiat yotuir excellency hiad not iiiterest enouimh in the Country' to keep it up l t& lat it c(oldl not lIe a Scilool nor a College ini Ni'. IBlair's aliseimee, tlioh it was tile le ast of' his cares ~whn I'reseim I. 3 Bci Ilecause, lie hias address'Id thet, (.)ueen to remove ytour Eixcellency, tile great Patron &- Promoter (f it, & the hest friend (sithout flattery') thlat eve(,r it had next to King \W'illiam X:Oueen Mary' &ý icr Ircseit Ma.jests' whom (;od long- pmxcsers'e &- that too uplon baire- so rinise withiout any' legal trial or articles p)' vel anly' othierwise, thlmau lo' sonlie positive &S Exi uri-c Aftldavits, wh-)ichi one of thalt Piltyý' prete--nds cannot he invalidatel lhy any fotii -1ure itegativt'. g. liccaiuse I mavce all alongf' 1o,0 iil Mr. I l;iir IIneasy' &S: dissatisflied 'itli tIme pliesemit Gov-; &t 1'ill & Iheiiig mie Of mis pIllmty' Cal1()t cxplccl to live coimfortabily &t ea sy' in his Sucicity'. t5h e -cauise, ble has liighlly' injureld & disgmraced iiot onl' y'our excellency, but my' school, my' Schiolars & myself' ill one of his afthdas'its, y), miiaking tour 1 705.] 140 Excellency the contriver & my scholars the executioners of a bad design, of which tho' he first acquits your Excellency, yet lie immediately charges it upon you & lays the whole train of his accusation, so as to have it believed, by which means he has done what he could to make my scholars to be thought a Company of Cut-throats or a Crew of Banditti, that makes no more of the life of a man, than the life of a lien, tho' thev are the best gutlemenii's Sons in the Coutntry & of such virtuous dispositions & houest principles as are not easily to be matclued in miost Grammar Schools, & this beinig no less an aspersion on myself, than on uly scho l;rs as if I either did not, or knew not how, to form their minds with ht ter priuncipirs, I cannot but decply resent such usage. 6 ]. 1 luae learnt, by 1 2 years experience, that the iuteinded College of William & Mary will never arrive at any greater Plirfuction thin ii (oraonmar School, whili IP. Blair diiumanuds & takes his salary yearly as PrIsidint while it is onlv a Grammar School, & while there remains no More moune behind than will barely pay the Usher & Writing Master & myself, which 2 years ago, came very far short eveum of that & it was, with some difticulty, that we ' ot any more thati half Salary, so that there is not the least pribahility that evsr the College will ans" the dcsign is the Charter while things contimuu as they are. And if M'. Bllair, were not your Excellency's enemy,v I would tiII you that there is not any thing, has done thme College more disservice, than his demanding & taking his Salary as President of the College, while it is onl a Grammar School, which has rendered the College so Odious among the inhabitants, that it is look't upon, not as it is indeed a noble & excellent design, but a trick of W. Bllairs to eunrich himself & fi ir that reason there are but very feIw that send their sons to School. Pu ir these reasons, I am rosolved, to quit ihe School at the term abovementioned & to have tno more to dos with it, while NV, Blair is concerned in it. I am, Your Eixcellency's Most humble Servant, MUNGO INGLIS. WILLIAM & MARY COLLtGE, Aug' 8t, 1705 - 141 [1705. Mr. COMMISSARY BLAIR to Mr. RUDD. WILLIAM & NMAkY COItEE IN Vw IN1A, August W6', 1705. REV" & DEAR IBRNrTo:s,1 I am colnlandleld by his E1xcellency ldw' Nott, Esq'., to signify to you that he has somie latters of molent to coIIunItuiCate to the Clergy of this colony, from our R' Rev" I )iocesan, My Lord Iishop of London, in order to which, I desire your presence & assistance at Wi liausbu rgh at a inmeeting of the Clergy, on Wednesday 10)rniing, the 2o of this ins'. Sir, your affectionate Brother & humble Servant, JAMES BLIAIR, Commissary. VIRGINIA, Aug. 30, 1705. We the Subscribers, the major part of the Clergy of this her Majesty's Ancient Colony &, Dominion of Virginia, her Mlajesty's most dlutiflIl & peaceable Subjects, true & Genuine Sons of the Church of EnglP & early initiated into her princilples & the constant l.oyal addresses to her majesty's late representative amongst us, the 1 lon"'' Francis Nicholson, Esq., Ibeing 1by a letter from our most hlonored I )iocesan, the R' I lonI'' & RI' Rv Fatlher in God, Ilenry, Lord Bishop of' London, withheld from ofteCring any thing by way of address or testi0monial, to tllhe S' I Ilon''" Irancis Nicholson, lsq'., low' upon his departure for England, unwillingly forbear. But having carefully consideredl the Several depositions relating to uis of the Clergy, against the S" Gov' Nicholson, do declare them to be frivolous, Scandalous, False & malicious. Witness our I lands: SoIAiNs? N WX IATEIsY, G. Smii-i, DASN. ITAYI)R, JAsMs SCLATER, 1705.1 142 E)1'i B1w'I Ci ICR, Wm" ReTI) I, I(AI i11 w(M-its, PETER WAGENER, 11IN CAmNru IEF, JAME:s lieLwLu, W14VIIIAS JAMES V (ISSEAC, EItNI'NE.I. Ji NES, 0. JONES, JAI IM XVsiu:', Amt. l\IoNHO, Awn--,i it' '1'. Y Ain RP 1)t T ' SitARPI, K111, yxvvts, JAME',: CLACK, Rico"l SQWulRE. Af,'lont)'a/itl. Mt Coilltnl Blair's trusty, Non-addressors are these followingr & no more: Mtlr jit'. M nrolis countryman & lBrothe r inl ILawt. MI. Ja's \\allace, his countryman & Brother dtcponent. NI. CcX Robecrtson NI' (ita lolrso '-his countrvnmen. 'N I Ja' llrchulti NI S'. )n". Slihrotshire, Elnglish horn. '10 11100 I lotspd hil 1110 ngtsNP. )tepe,, Fouace, a walloon, M ComiW" ' Vi~t kS R1esidentiary now in Elngi'. TI o Ill, t iroce tile Rev" Ja% Nlair Cotinnissarv to 'thle RZight 11on1t' & R, RIx" 1 ahw Il ' (ld, I lclnrv Lord Blishop of' lottdott, within this lter Majesty's a ewntC I 1 5 loititIt f 'igni. it totoi representation of us the St -'l-11ii th tw fit' mlajor ipart of the Clerg11y of thle the S1 Colony here 'll~t it do I it t take tqittn our-selves;, to dlispute yottr Reverenice's Authorivy &. juit~i (11 it In ner is as Coiuninissarv, to thte l\1 I Ion"'o &, R' Rev5 Father ill GOt tI Iclrt 1111d 1 lislItp Of l~ondonl, withitt this ter MaItjesty's Colony' & I lonlttttnoltt ofi ViIt 'it>. IBut thait It oitt' seeti an atdctlt'tii'ally attestetl Copy~ (If nit order of Queen ill Ci(toliltsIs''ni i it to lie Iter Majeisty's Rttvil pileisutre thtat you s1hottld nolt dt part t th Litiidoinl of lut15 nor cotme into \'irginia, till by htaving ahiden 143 [17o0. her Majesty's just determination & Royal award, in a certain case nearly relating to the affairs of this Colony, YoU shoild have put yourself into a capacity of appearing here, under less suspicious circumstances & have effectually wiped off those scandalous niuputations tinder which at present you labor. I lereupon we humbly submiit it to your Reverence's own consideration, whether it he safe or convenient, either for you to require, or for us to pay the respects & obedience otherwise clue to ycur character, untill such time as her Majesty's peasure be further known, VIir being in, or exicutiig upon us, within this, hor MNcujcsty's colony if Vir'inia, ciny Pwer or coimmission whatsoccer if a date antecedent to the date of that order of ( )ueen in council or of an Authority not equal to it. Or unless we shall have some such dispensation given us as may be sufficient to secure us from the dantiger of incurring the like censure of contempt, shouic we shtew our selves over fiirward in paying ocur respects & obedience to a person himself standing (as to LIs seems), in contempt & disobedience of her most Sacred Majesty. Untill which shall be done if we think it nmre safe & more bt.coming our character for us of thte Clergy, to withdrawi & suspend tifir a secicason, our usual respccts & ucic', W\e hope thiS our humblle rejleseiltation & the Serupulous fear we hav oif dli ng any thing, which may uxpcsc us to ccnscure or conte Iu c I p t IC I It cc ciwhicc 1 ccl I reverence IccIcIcI t Ii cut seb itiiMhe I" i i u r what 'I c eclc(rAl Mim cu iit), or at hliui c wheri your casi seecics very' cccdubll), Will Irccci t ticirv crali ccnlt in retatinIt. l 1ii llui c h n l dS' isi'll]( you to take, into your Serious considcration, bcth clli CiicUMScMcCS & your own, we sui1scribe ouicrseivcs uer the cw chiditionic ccci it cimtc id. Rlv Ncc yc lcc R nic c mSst Iciihuile & most O(ldicilt Scrvants, \ tilt, \cicc 'tui u, JSi CmtcKc, c t i iii II ctc. \'t sy, Ut I t \.c I ti0<s Ic ti c E i cccc btuc ccx: ii iiS ci I, -,ccit iii c Ihi uc I i n lIt ', t:mRm \\' a,ccccrc 0m JiNP ANVi). M i, 1705.] 144 (I'S) If under this our humble remonstrance, you shall please to Subscribe it, as your Judgment & opinion that notwitstanding that order of Queen in Council, we may & o,- lit to pay you the same respects & obedience as before & that in so doing we need not fear any censure from albove. If, Sir, you shall be pleasedU in terms direct & express to deliver this to us as your judrgment inl the case, we shall not dispute your determinal in, but submit, otherwise ice must for a time suspend. Vera Copia, Test, Aug. 29, 1705. \\5iiiTi SiANNAxi, This is a true C(py,i the IiliPaper JuliIN W\xrr', delivered to M'. Coell, Blair at the Rici" \VvYrr. Churchcl in Wililiamsl rhcl, li \Viiiiisii;ii, Aug. 30, 1705. Rio'" Sie, Yom havinig been pleasedl this day, to read to us, soine papers by way of anrsew' & rciiaiirks upon ()r iiihuble representation, presented to (you yesterday & withial Ihavin proiiiised to deliver the same to us inii writiiig, the greatest part oi us lixvi"i at a considerable distance & desiring to haste honmewards humbly desire )ymu if those papirs are not as yet in a readiniess to be delivered to put twm in* iil th handls (If ur Re brother, Mh. Whately, your near neighbor to be by him, ciminl 1iiicateid (t i us. Wc arc, Rev' Sir, your most humble Servants. I iriii dl Jt iio W.xsc, Yo tli lv NIP. Coml' Blair,&.. LEIWis L.cNiri, This is a trle & ixact 019' of the As TI iai, Lit'r ix I )ilivered by 'Inc fromi the It i \\ ii N Cl rgy xiise names are her sub- 1) 'lxxi A scribii ), to the Revi\ NI. Coimin" Blair, l w" Ix 1' I, the day of the dlate hereof. \ \ ii s, Eux xxsun wcr o ore. IEMN. N is, W11' Rei n, To which N1h. Commissary was ELuxx BUTLER, 145 [1705 - pleased to answ' by) wordi of mouth G. Smmitr, (refusing to do it in writing), that hie BARi. VAEntS, wouhld comnply with the Clergy's desire, ANDf. M LIRO, specified in this lette-r & leave it in the Tito"iss' hands of, M. \Vlately, to bie common111i- J_ k' CLACK, cated Untol tihe Clerg,_y. leetKl Li 'sro~k I) 1,1q six, RICH' SytWiRE. At a meeting of the Clergy of Virginia at the Church at W~illiamShUrghi Aug, 29q, 1705. 'I'll(- Rev" INV. Comy Blair,&. NM'. Conly Preached. 0il./I/. i 1: 29. After sermion, the Gov, presented to the Clergy, a letter from the Lord Bishop of London. Directed to them, whichi is as fol1lows April 29, 1705. 13eltiN It is tnlt without g)reat concern f'or youl, that I write this general -admoilitioll for wheni I retlert 1i111oi the hard censures, thlat Ihave pasSeLl uploni yo 011 hre iii Englandl or youllr h d''(rawn into addiese 'StS te'ilitlonillas &S by w1hat Indccent & irre.' -_IIl r methodIs lirorllred, how yo Ocl Il(sc y ~ourselvIs,s in comlyinh~g &~ Conlin"- I'nto evcr\V thing,, contrary to' the kloict hd(-' alull setiiliit ~f mlilIyl of y iu. I cais l olt r h ilt.b y'It1111ld6r t 'l1,1k5 115 1111 t l(' yo;(llr 5lli s e~~llressN conr(s~ti~ltrll art wto l 11110 1111~rt" \.u 1-v u al Giv llliit wiill &e iihtyiCr11 tI III is for 1- dare you or docks lol ]ars 111y your cxtmir lliý mindI to srei the quieett & tile eoitli,,, lersto the P lintaItioni wIithiout respeCt (If persons lHe exieets ill,rtidgus & privat anl.im~~osities, ill factioins & 1705.1 146 pArtics sholdnl be forgotten & that all should for' u,(t &, fot''lyev look forwards, ~':re mm l(td lthe guiilt o)f I oltts wife:t tic vt thrif tint- fir st, in dear hrethrn*l l, sIrlit a W Oil exampi it to this hap I py ri soli tilt.I t oh r (Govr he wit_ ncI, ) milr mItl d teiavion r, Youlr Comnmissairy of- tin ithlnifl disehartve of )Ii r- dlty N \(;() Atl Xiilit' 4f your s1111 15ity Lct thi's 110110111lii "ht the door til,II tintlol thi i, thi-s'd & let tII) le Ce alO l, ii ll c 11 to IicII I; 111a1 ar itt ti dh aftif 11, 5 imi NMI it t d t h~its I t iS tll'- r ci lwai c (0, all he it I 111 1 I c all t infl t t ill, lao1\ rh cl, t Its r I lm t itt'' tI iti IW~ ttcc lit It I l u Iti ti (Mli Is 'N1,11 1wi iii lo- C ~ 1511 to;1 lm II," c t\ It w ia \.r"It lit Ow \ilur 1ielie, I t'\(itel d W V 1 ý111M,-io \i ii o h rh t0 1)11 litr~ IC \- o klt I It 1140 Olt.11 Said letter, the ( 1)1 retaiiiitIncilid c to the clergy, d ic II)~ 111 i till,,(. ll. N lii p's ols ire,, as being that \IIctnIt siitlti tetiti 111(1st to) It("'1) s"itl s- 'Scicc lit il pit n 4 dw1 th o(untry, tlin. t)\llI) hapii liiss & w\ould sillch toil tie ll r w hiI5siii~ isi 115cesoiititi or" I*)) I pait tol cIlttily wvith imy v t i iiillimtllt Ititiim) tletm lic diit tiele,1111 e ill he hirins spieeeh Ils itill(, Ill-lls i'0 1 vtilt 111 lIII iici 11111 ()f Co1VtilS ttIt tu 1)'1 at tliis titme, wa s to iiipirt.l V1.1 the letter Whiit. ii 55l hi all' lil i rt 1ilt onur R, R ev5 I tineesati. IeI itas s(o h'illy sipoie lis 11111 Silisi(. thl It iav iile 111hug to addi, hult tttll% tot asl,ýilr te 1Ii that I loll Itilly (lMUlhtilialiOll 1111 pII tiriti Plicsl of tahe Orell) &tramiilic isstiltitillthinisit (hif -til1 51) fIt 11 i tt tul bc ultyý Itt thatt I have i'xlirissii iii all tiuh's and1 utitler allI Ol ditiigiisliii Lai ag'ainst Ilicili hoili here &ill 1Luigiand. hUt 147 [I705. tho' I am the person wrongfully taxed & accused, I shall lay my hand upon my mouth & draw a vail upon all that is past. I hope this will not be so misconstrued, as if I were any way conscious to myself that I cannot anis' what ihas been laid to my charge. So far from that, that if any real scruple remains with any of you, I shall take it as the greatest kindness if you will give nime an opportunity of satisfying it in private without expositg ourselvxis lby our public differences; & if that wont do, Tle in ake It;Itis Puhie NS& comtplltin of i in Gtid's naifie toi my stipiriors as mich itil its lii piiasi. I diii xir no xt vtr 11pon that acc1. If alny 11an is wiary of tlll('at iohppy divisions ý ani t toosities which have bMii aitititig [is, lie shall inld mite rtad fto fit ' & fii''' & lto be pt'rfectly reconciled1, to that dteg that lI will oi'er ii miiCi, as liput hin in min nd of what is past. hlit if' any 11man has a mit tit accuse tieM of any crime or imisdeoieanor wlhatsoever, if iiistead of doinig it by the way of tbackbiting in holes & corners hlie xxill do it inll aniy wly eithlier of ipublic justice or private arbitration, he shall Fnd ince readtly to give hlin satisfhection. Ye have heard a great deal to-day, for ipeace ancd quietness, pray remsember that our divisions will be nuts to the adversaries of the Church, & of the profession of the ministry, the Atheists, the lpahists, the (uItakers, the loose alld IIiungdly livers & lteveral taitthers iwho ihave no rcrtt ristlect tir ouir iinctioin. It requires our ititit labotrs to wiiitstand all thes', but hito TliI will tfley hli to see that Zeal whticli tiseil to lie spenit a<; itinst thlie, itt\\ culln ipi5clI in vi.irrvini & tldevourig one ainother. Iss by aotl ll prio titions, bein0 well satistied ye have not been thit plinciilifs but (ill\ accesstrtns ill theita, if ye dir y'our parts are its aitmicahly \. 1accably ditspod, I iope we shall iunttually reap itt: blesseld frtits of ulion & cIncoIrd aI tlld HI sei xie tf the Chrtcl will blI so 1much thli biettir Irioftcd. hut 1if aix ia still desirmis it) blow lit) tht(- coals (it' conIitentWio, I;uml ahrli d I muI(Ist trll ymu, thfý-\ them~lscl-cs 1ma), havc. occ.asioln to Irep1wnt it, when-1 it is too) latc. Th cas &I IS n1ow it ("v` who is its stldimis ()f 111io)n &. (1uict &I s()Il( oadwrs havebe n (d, Plti't' tN'ctioii N. tuiti stitditg tde dli: stoiies hiv ti ill.(. itii tstritsly' sphrill all txv'r flit Co'ititry to Ohw coIltrairy; we whl vie bci inta'l the Iutilitaitii h ail if Iu ii ess koxw thIit lit- is a g'lhitiliui if ih4iat istabl (h- I gitIt Iihti' cttr N that diii ifitirst, thtu \%i' ari likc to bc loI)tf hiatlqpy uiidtr his ( i. and thlf(fy' ivill titl, thait tltity' I() lut kick atgaiiist the Pricks who tii abiit directly (w indirtiuctly f tiundtriine himt t ir iiakie titi uneasy. To con 1705.] 148 clude let us thankfully acquiesce in her majesty's choice of a gooti Gov% a Gentleman fitted to heal our breaches & compose our difference & make us all easy and happy, & let us comply with thc dwise & Christian admonitions of our excellent Bishop & endeavour to live friendly 8 Brotheriyx with one anotlhr keeupinp the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. I do acain assiir0 y iu it shall 10t bC long of me if Our ilifherni liices le Iont lItd, & as to you I shall take my characters of you, lii tot io i What you witre, when under tile stroiin' indflueices of a iiiighlty OveT swayin g powtr, of which I have bleen many' tim, III yit ind car witless, but from what you will shlw to rselves hereafter, whon fainl' 'lft to the freedom of' sour own choich a1t1o stisibl t hat I it1 very utitqual for the chari' whurein thro' the lrovidenice of toil, I amt conittii'id, but I lope throt' (od's blssing lifiipotl toy lit ilist 'ntldavours & iour gild coutcl & assistatCi whiCh I in Itd if duly to ask antI taki' aloig witf tlit t ii'v i thip' of imomiiit that this poor ititifalt Cliirclh iit' y't Sfe i& flIourish, specially if' every ointi oiif is is carettfl not only to maiitin brotherly love, but likewise to adorti the truth of his doctrine with an exetfplary life & cotversation in pastoral diliitence & all other Christian vsirtuits. Tu' i M. ltanuil Jonts coiuing to Mt. Commti with a paper in his hand, with thl hantds oI several of the clhtrg\' to it said, hItx was uttnpoierxid by thit Clergy to presttt that paper. NM. Commissary enquiring heti & where that papier was signid &t understanding that it was at a separate mteting ItII at thi litsc if M\. Jt". otiig, fte:r Gov' Nicholson lives, made ans, to Mt. onits, that lie could not own that as a regular mtcting of iltit Clergy it havitint blen, called by no authority civil or ecclesiastical of this Colony & without the PrivityL, Prttsetmctt or Assistance of himiself as being my Lord fP of Londoil's Cotituist without whoior no ecclesiastical meetinig for treating & conclutlitig iiIiuto at ty I ccilsiastiCal tiatteris oiihlit to he feld schitti he is iti the Country' & that hi thoughit such proceeditlis x'erV nitifair & contrived to pret'ng'tatu several ptrsoiis iy siibscriptions, by that titeais to prevetit the freidom il f thwiii dhliberations, at our pulihic gon'ertral mtieting, which was ititiidiateily aftcr to be hield, ft ur which irtasonts he told theiti that ie Could not rcCivt thiit paptr its an act of tht. Clet"y of this Country. Bhut at the satme time madt offer, that it t' y would hIirly Iftpost thunosnt samit thiini's now in the regular mteetiti' & procecd by the uisu ial & r'gular way of fair motion, I tebate, ( )uestioil, VoLe & resolutioti, they should bt lie xcelcome to do it & fairly 149 [T 705 - have the opinions of the Clergy in these things or whatever else they pleased, upon which the Subscribers of the Sd Paper, going out of the Church & all proceedings being thereuipon for some tune stopt, they returned agrain after half anl h)our to NI'r. Cominisy & some others of the Clergy that had remained with him, telling him that they wvould not insist upon the paper as anl act of the Clergy or that it should be read inl tile publlic meeting_- tliereof', only (desiredl that lie would take it ats a private paper, dlirectedi to himself in lprivate O tile resoluition of at Case of Conlscience il Nvitich they desired satisfalctionl from him alotte, upon(Il these termls (I'()illy receivim diu the aper~ but lot ill the mi etitlo of tieCegy, as to tile mtttittt part, of' till Case (It scrutple pr1 1oplos~ ierd n rtrleltitll(.1 a1 Slltal>lý al'r ill W ritittg, ill tilet fo1mvlowin words, viz: Rev fturn l ll.11tI'I 4"ZbmIt'c, yolul itavc eclul plllaslc toI rop~ose it to lme as a 110(1bt,wltlr tllot\Ni tistaliiifi tg at (etrtalill o0lier1 oIf the( (QuIeell ill CI Illlcil, I )alted!NI ay 3, 1705, you cal~l)WII mfile as Coin1 of \'irg-itia, &~ are Illeasel tol say,, 5111 \%ill subm~ttit toI 11l, Ownl opliniont, ill tite case, givenl un~der n11W ilallI (10 lico: lot olnly gv,oill ttty opinioni (If' youtr beitlg safe il soI doillg, lbl t dciii fu rtiter siatisfy y )ou in thte reaslolls Of tite Y1 (Ililliloll. IqI limt t is lot one word ill thtat ord~er olf Colulcil (were it never so reigttlar), tendlngl ill tile least to lay mie aside from illy off- ice of Cotnly & Withl su11 -milsslion I Jlditg it tnot prtoper for yomm to dlrawv atmy suchI conlsequlenlces, till tite Q1lt Ul11cr-I cif (It mly Lordi BP of London~l, or tite (.-o,'o r (I ( Cv f (01111 (If Vmrgiia 111have sigtlif led it to you. On thle conltrary I doumbt lot, it wollId be conlstruct], as it lledliill witht thinigs lot withini volut p~rovsince, if yotSitl sold~ go to llltcI 1105 yoour julligtlett before letr Majesty, tile Ill, or (Gov' ihave intetrplosed theirs. I 1(1o lI~t 151st acqu~ainlt ylil, thlat I tall goIod adlvice ill LamN thtat myl Lord Ii' (If Lodo l \lvlllaIs tilor.lmlgily aci111intltI Itithi ll\, case1, after tile Y1 order wvas tldaI, &Lý Idid llot ot'fte t ill litc least, tol \vtoild tall or sllslplIld tmty I 1111cr as Comny till'ile Otrof Itly' collilg. otith tlite fleet S& tliat I tall Ilikewise, mmadle iall aWls' tol tile S ( )t let witicim I doub lt Illot, is sa~ isfUctot\', \vimilit 1 s~lall be vt-Ir> but to llid: in ito Majsty's tiettlrlimlnlitlo. Itt tite tttatm tnic that I amm Coll1 (If Virgilnia (ats,oil have it alreadly fromm Ill)' LordlIPli of London & imis Excel 1705.1 150 lenrcy our Glov'). So seeing you desire it tinder my own band & that you are safeC & act according to your duty in owning mie as such. I pu mly name to these iresclts. Sic Snbscribitur, JAME'S BLAIR. Then the Clerpyrý being- again miet in die Convention, with 'Mr. Comi' & the Sot scriber-s olf diti at~ sie t-tioned paper being Ilikew-ise present, M\ 11mS\%,r tos t -i-csews piutlicly read, & the tisio tii pit wrhethter iii sid I n-w (d NI. Cmi mii was a satisftator t(i5 n-) tllt ý d iiemteriiiiis pati0 ith i ai - iiis i-4itil Iili fi lbme-n N' iviiiimti Ju weI. ihitdve hlaving aswTtd -nth ttite0 itt I 0t alit i0,tO Cl sc &k sentpl til ll(ii ti i own iisatinticlion lie hop-it for pwc',ai k s t ilts\it- h not think it tit, to Ic till some tross rei-cIction li., upon Itiin-wt ~liii whic wii interst ersett inl itt i~i l In atilst to which, soint- 1 -itilt, canciiiitlii of the Y1 Astiersittis otltucr ithe siitkin1l of tIle, whoe Itt pvt & thit tushk,1 dlt iitrd tlit case! stilelit Itt dilwli ii 1111w withoiut. rt ittittion but tutteiii-situ, uutotn the, htnist-rslit, 0't that patiter entire as it was1 nt--lit druwuiml onl htieire they hadl a djo sici thius in literl the inrin-el \\iots adoli-ic tl Iy iciiisent. till tit-morriiitv iluitrnintu- it o' -I-Iz A11tigi 'ttti a~t () ill the tlt i rutý M1, Coimt i has-i nit this it i, &_-ai piotosei t iluLtit1 I)ii pi as s-s ke, the titcatira part ot their scrititttt Ittilt" MiuswCrt-st tio their s itisft ilt ii tlIey wtioil tint1d siiii\lewa toit alte ttltisi- iiijiist uetticciiiiis, tth-y had 0lac liltl the tiatper whutrein their case was prpsd Mui tNIt. Ildw1I hitrittirk in the naii (ios uthc wlit i htisltadr sigilet that pa)111 iii it-i the( lileeting of thle (ti(-ri,-v, mlash- -iis' uliit this hiatt couisideired of tlii( maititrr & sic-re rt-st)itrci to i it i Ito wthaiti rut 5ý\ la t isuhrilici, uponil wic 1h 51va 5 Iitif the BcItri-ili gin v iltv i Oille f tli- f~dseltottd iof that cx-s-,ii osin ill itut titter that Mt1. Itt li IIN 15 ii iii the eiU a - iiiT~ (0ii11 On itt ttie Ciiii tli', si-l-i---S ito the-ir P ilmitiitt-t ill tIltc- Csi-vcrat tatl-istits, tie was nuts-tli tic- It is-it &r-cspteeld & esjiii-iatlv ill his tisst tin ldi &.;llllitIlIis, tiwarest stg itdilmir-s, wihot 1liii him ist& ttesir-in-"' 1111- othe(rs tot tista.tice inl W)\ thing titut is'ias Oitiiits in NI. Blajir's lift: & ciunsc-isatoil tinotwittistanthlingi whIlich the( othilTrs anlswerin- withl an1 oh seinate ethicrnence tit th(it-r suitscrii tittls. Mt'. toiililti' seeing it ML they were restitrit to kr(-c up1 this tatter as- the ball of' rontenl'ion,11 thesirtes inl order to the- ir ctonviction, that ttstcy iritilit litar somle nuaiteratil objecctioiis lie tad to oiler aga lust. tle saitd tiller ishiiclt after lie hiadt begunm tit reartd, the treater 151 [1705. part of the subscribers being impatient, went out of the Church saying, they would not stay to hear such things, others of them stayed and heard the objections to an end & then immediately withdrew to M'. Young's house, where the late Gov' Nicholson lodges, desiring before they went, that M'. Conim' would let them have a copy of those objections, which he promised as soon as it could be fair drawn out. After they had been gone above half an hour, they sent M'. Portlock to M'. Commi' who remained still in tihe Church, with such of the ministers who had not subscribed the S"' laxlr, who delivered to him a letter subscribed by I2 of theliir number signifying their swing` desirous to hasten homeward & that they. rtequested that thost Iall ets (if t)ley are not yet in 1 rea cdliness to Ibe delivered), night be imt into the hands of his neighAbour NI. I\'hatley, to be comuino nicatetd,by himn to tteo. NI'. Comm" bI\ the advice of the brethren remaining, in the meeting,, haIdl the minutes of the proceedings ftirly drawin up & attested & leing sensible I of their fre(Iticit recoirse to Gov' Nicholson's lodging & their former subscrioltions & oiligations to him, that therc was little appeiarance of their Ibeing llcrsuadld into a good temlper while he was in the CouLntry & they so mucIh tinder his illtience resolvedl to trouble theiii no further at this time, espicially being assured from some of themnlselves, that a little time & patience after his albsence, wouldl set all things right. The reimarks & objections, which N11'. Cominy' offered to the Ilmer they so much insisteul on were as foilows: First that as to the manner of procuring it, it was very irregular uilont the followingl acc": Ih. That the said meeting was hell withouit tIhe knowledge, p1rivity or consent of thle ishop's Commissary. 2"1. That the meeting where it was signedl was a clandlestine meeting, called by no aiuthority civil nor Ecclesiastical. 3 'I. That this way of dlrawing ialiers & gathering of hands in private, is incolnsistent with the usual wvay of proceeding in all regular Coniventions, which is by mnotioni, I )cbate, ()uestioi, V'ote & resolution. 4''i That the only I ersons called to this meeting (excepting one newly arrivedl), were such of the Clergy as hadl by formiier addresses & subscriptions pre-engageid themselves, to Gov' Nicholson & not the whole Clergy. 5') That all suich ipre--engaging of persionis by subscriltiion before they conme to the regular meetings of the Clergy is utterly destructive to all free 1705-] 152 diom of delrliberatirl & Knd-bate which is essentially necissary to all lawful Coinvi tions. 9CrOnblij, As to the matter & forri of that paper (exclpting what is already satisliedIin thet ans to the t abovementioned case), it contains several false & Scandalous reflections upo11)1 ryself as if I had left IEnglanl under susllicious & Scandaloos circurstanllces, as if I nolw stood in contempt & disolbedience to eicr Majesty & as if I lay under the general Odiuis of tis Country, all which are so many gross abuses & calumnies most undeservedly thrown upon rie. itttli, IBecause thIe desigisn of that 1paper, seenis to be exceediling suspicious & t look with a 1 oad aspect, not only uponr the ectclsiastical, but also the Civil ( v', of this Country, with relation to Ihis IExcllli ncy Idlw" Nott, Esq'., on r Ices't Go\', in whose s\weet temrper & peacelblhie disposition, tIre Country is xceeiiig haIppy.)' 'IThe rl asonis of this suspiciousness are m. IlTat I ar in fon -ed some of those Clergymnien who sii'ned this Ipaper, were invited to comeic to to\wn, tIhe night before thIe enreral meeting of the Clergy 1iy the late Gov' Niclholson's isessages & letters after 1e was out of his Gov'. 21. liiat their imeeting was at \l. Younsg's house where the S late Governor livCs. 3'. liit tlt Sd (Iiv' NrichslsIrn x as aclquainted wvith & had seen a moiiitory lettier writt.in by my Lord Bishop of London to the Clergy of this Corrtry, whic-rIin his ILordshilp guards theml against such subscriptions & aiddresses which lvtter, had it fIcn tirst communicated to thie Clergy, before tliey lIrei w this 1pap1r it is to be Ipresuield they wouiid not have drawn nor siIrned it, 1bii i on express acting contrary to tile Bishop's admonition in tlie said Ittt r & all this by his knowsledgve & privity, if not advice & Inisignitioni. ''. Because,before thiss meeting of the Clergy, the late Cov' had sent all over the Country, Copies of her Majesty's letter, & the R' llons"" Sir Charles Iledges his letter to binm togethier, with the petition of' '. Ceo. Wilcox his Solicitor against rie, & thle order of Council thereupilon, by all xwhichi with the Stories & coirinIsrits upon the S" Papers Ipublished by his emnissaries, viz: that he was imuchi in favor with her Majesty & that he was only going ihorie to clear himiiself & would retturn (;ov' hither in a little tinre, that I had fled 153 [1705. from pullic justice in En19d & Was to be s(nt home in lrons, it is proiable those of the lertgy, who adlered to his Party, were pirepared to draw up this strange paper. 5ii. -ecause it is insinuated in this paper that I lie under the General Odium of the Country & tho' the reason is not expressed, yet it is talked here & doubiltless will be confidently reported, in Eingl1 that it is because I have been so instruiienital in proving the complaints against the %d late Goy', & it looks as if this addkress were to be made use of in Engl1, to countenance a story of the dissatisfaction of this Country with the clianige of the Coy', upon all which acc,". as I can by no means approve of this Iaper myself. So I hope several of niy brethin, il who have been unwarily lid into the Clandestine sihbsen ption of it, may now still withdraw tlhi r hands as being iniiceit of the Sinister uses tat imiy s maile of their subscriptions. Most of the iniiiisters ousting ot of Town, NP. Comii with some Iw that ritmained, finished the minuttes of this meetitig, wheriof they attist this to be a trui coPy. JtII lMxN, JAN.;s thoiiiixN, JANies IhiLtI Com0', S'. Jx". SinI\PSo\F J NVs U i.\". ANDERSe-, Ge.R stud: Ass\aiet, Lis.Axis. This is a true copy of the copy dehiverii to mic by Mr. Commissary Blair's own hands (involuntary Scapes of Transcription excepted). SOLOMON WHEATLEY, 1705. 154 SOME RE. lARKS UPON The Minutes or HAcc of the procccdings (it a meeting of the C/lrig' of Ji' rginia at the Church at IJilliamsburgh, Auk 29, 1705. Drawn up, Signed & attested, by M'. James Blair, Comlrn, his brother-in-law NM. Jno Munro, his brother deponent Mr. Ja' Wallace, NI. Geo. Robertson, MI. Cha' Anderson, WI. Ja' Brechin his countryman & the Revd M' S'. Jno" Shropshire. That accl beains with the mention of NI. Comm'"" Sermon on the subject of meekness & I Humility, from Alat/. i1: 29. NI'. Cot cannot forbear stfting every' half page of this acct' with his cramibo Storys of fo\' Nicholson's ne'rt'in4 methods, &". N\'. Com" hiAth all alon) slowed himseWf" not one jot in'rior to Gas'' Nicholson, in making Uis o'f his "'era in"g tethtods, witntess a passage or two, toiwa cd the close of that his Scrttmut of atmteeksiCY, together with a toultittide more of instances, old & ncw produciblc if rvquircd, ''[is a plain cats' a&'it'tt ttu iit' whole atter at' his imana''ementl that NI. CoIn' Illair, with dl his tnei'ktIt'ss & I hInIIiliit is as ' sin 'us as atty miA of Sovi'iti-ty & cait as little hear contradictiui. INV. C0tom'' S'rmnon riit NI eekness & I~r stttiands backt in that acci with my Lord I" of Londtt's lettetr to (is, transcribed at length. NI'. C tiissary's taxing procured against tis such a Letter from my Lord,i of London is another iaststtce of his zo'rr'Ieg' methods & of the ill use he makes of his Lordship's g-aood opinion ofi him. T'11 lishIp of London's letter is wholly founded upon the IBottom of NI. Cim'" Ill i s disitiins. \ ihat otsr sentiments are of those depositions of NI Coitm' 1Iiir aginttt Gov' Niclolson (as far as they relate to us of the Clergy), is by this tumt 0 prisoumi), ktnown to the LOrd's commissioners of trade & platutations, xxhich xxi shall not retract, thou not\x deliver'd from that \i;ivitx axE iax VxNi.N xi tiider xxh cli it seems we lately lay & by x'hich it is sopgcstcd, all such kind of tlhigs Nere extorted from its. And if JI. Comisy tOW while he is upon the spot, desires to have them over again, it shIall be no 155 [1705% fatilt of' ours, if* hie he not,ratiolle, &tho' I amt nlow Sipv&alone 8c therefok It' 1 exceed my loins, I alone am answerablo tbor it, yet herein I coot',. denltly prelsumei, I speak the sense oif all Of uis. And I hevartily wish we nay not only have, thev liberty but lhe brougqht under a necessity (a tiling' not impoilssible), f ut)ittilig in ouir answers to) those dcjpusitions, with the Sam~ie solemnility with which they were given. I'ihe- grand &- sole offenice chiarged upon uts in the Blishop of London's letter, is our having been dlrawn into addresses &S te-stimionials & that by so indecentt &c irre '1ular methods as iss l se i i onl dpstos ay, & that contrary to the knowvledgec S& sentimncits of miany of its, viz those iman' nientioneil in the title, of this papiur. This is that grand N: sole oftfence, for which M.Com'ry bathl procured so extremely severe a censure upon uts & upon arc' of which, his Lordship is pleased thus to express himself to uis-'- I cannot but be asham11ed, for you, that the Gospel-,, should have' influlenlced no0 be~tter Ipritciples into your hearts," viz: [han, to oldress Gus', Niclholson, to which accusation we are commnandedI to Subisiit, with silenice- & not to offer at Syllal le 1by way of rej 1>' It g-rieves tis to see iiniler what a I liposessionl his ILonlslii I'ics & ilito w~hat "Anl u n,thlirlel Ipartialitv lIe( is litrvei.Bit Ni'. Coill'y is, a nan1 ()f _1 meek alilscal-aici &- a ma~ter of the art of insinuiationl &' by Such pemrsoniss the( lecst niaknirs an, the nlwt eaiYmpii isi uill. 1[110 C&as' ifi', Il'iric m ' Orrgv, ik iii short this, there bath bvelm for Sonict years las;t an ii ilia II y twintest, b tweil f iv' NichlIson & Some ftc leading ( Gmulminenli of tllme Country. Crimiminations &S Recrimiminationls onl both sides ((God kniiws), too many, thme mlischief 'S Scanidal of whlich all of its Saidly lament &S- wish it svere inl oir powier to piut a Stop) to the furitther irogress of them. That any) of us the aidlirussing Clecrg-,y, hail any hand in creating, thise ii uh1ajpy differenices, or did inl the mcast cuimce in momrsel yes in themi till they were gone, to such a hei~ghlt that it was impiossibile to stifle theml, I think Mr'. Gout Blair cannot 1iretemd. As f-or myself (I then livin.mug in a rumnote Curnier Of' the coulitry'), they we-re so(ill yiears onl foot (at least one year on foot), before 1 S (111LuCh as knew' any tliming of themi, buit by uncertain rumiour. But whecn they svere grown to their full hecight &to outr grief wec founid some of our own Coat also, too deep ly elug-,aging," themiselves il prcis so tlmnsiitahue to the iiieiknu'ss of their 1iriife-ssion;&'ý abioye all, Nl1. Cmi' IBhair (as is notoriO)usly knmown at lionic as well is lucre), & that' one branchi of the accu:isatio~ns 7z 7r _ZZ Uzi w-, -;E=r:r 7Z: 7Z: 157 [1705. these parts of the world & cut tts off from all hopes of obltaining with the consent of dlt pjoplt (without which it will do is little good), a bttter sttltInent thalln what we now enmjoy, it bIeilg of late hecomte too coinnont a riflection, ill the mouths of the better sort of the pitple aimong its, hosv dlangerouu a tlhing it is for a priest to be trtisteld wsitlh too) t1111ci power. Andi thus tc11tcli fo1r our adtlresses & testimonials: the occasion & thle reasIIons of them &,how we came to be dlrawn into ttlhet. Upon the whole let all the world j udgeL, who itave acted in all this affair most awreeayblyl to the principles which the Gospel teacheth, most becoming loyal sublljects & most like true & genuine sonls oif the Chli of EngtlP, the addlressors or the ctmplainers, & if M. IBlair & his friends shall still make a farther stir about our adldresses & testitnonials, let then- talk on till they are weary. Next after my Lordl 1I' of London's letter, follows in the acc, a recapitulation of Ihis l Excellency's spleech to uis, lwhiclh is fhirly replresented. iAfter that NP. Commiissary's spech whliclt he tcade to uis out of writing. tEMARKS iN MRt. Cii NtMfSsARY'S Si'i:F;CHt. A- nswer lwhat hath been laid tto ity chliarge [& agaiin] to accuse tme of any criices or mistdeneatnors.' It liath been lail tt '. Cimtissary's cltarge & undtr that charge its the opinion (i altmost all mttn, whot evir luardl allytlhillg of himi, hli still lal'ours. That lit- htat Ii bten tver sitoct he calmt into plact & powr, a very btisy tma, & troubtltlsone iiilntder sirs' (Gos & it hath bteen laid to his tcharge bIt ee the Quitett in Coutcil, that he hiath asptersed IItr Majesty's;o\' & os' here, with false & malicitous intformlltations, whici is no siimall crime & misdtletcanor, tbut as for that, we have nothingit t do vwitlh it. \Ve ncver desigti to turn accusers, unless torcil to do it inl our osin vintlicatiion. i- Complain of me (in (God's natle), as tmucht as you plcase. I desire no favor liupon that acc'. No! Ni [Aviti.xI A iute i; I'. CoNm)ti' very s'wCellk I knit:w, before lie made that sptech, that w ae are undr a tprihibittion of makillg a111y cottmplaints agaitust himit, or (f sto tiuch as answs''ig froiuslves: a sifet chiallnge. - It' ant aian is weary of the late, 11111iiappy divisionis & atllimiosities, whlich havs' beeti attil''1 us. We are all of us weary' of' tlcii & most lh:artily swisl the cause of them removed. 1705.1 158 - Nevir pilt him in mind of what is past." Stich a (refl s is (IIIar o all handsk. IIh hitiisn' iin huh's &v i,'l'l's: Of all thd mcii I kiiow, N1. Coumiissary Blair hath the vcast cause to complaiii of It(1hiiii in 1lohes an(d Corniers; what men speak of Mu. Blair, they speak in the high Rkoads & not in I loles & Corners. I for inm i part am ready to pass by all provocations. This is. ood atain; so that it be mutually taken. 1k ing oull satisfied that ye have not been the principals, but only the Accessiriis in tlihii. lii thin? In schat? In our addresses & testimonials & opposing Mr. Coiim", uupposing her Majesty's (;ovr & Represeitative? if so I accept not of the Purgation, he offurs iin all these things. I own myself to have been not a meer accessary only but a principal. I- But if any are still disirous to blow up the Coals of contention I am afraid I must tell you, they themselves may have occasion to repent it when it is too late." This in MP. Comn Blair is meckness; in another man it would have been calid uesaino. I lyre fllio\s a paratgraph, the most elaborate & artificial in the whole speech, which I must dwell olupn, awhile & thr(efoire transcribe at Leiigtsh. '[he case is much altered now, from what it was, some time ago. God be thanked, we have sow a (ov who is as stodioos of oioll & quiet, as some utlhors have beisi of Party & tctiois & notsitwistandiig the idle stories which are iisdustriously speiad all over the country to the contrary, we who have been sear the fooitaiis head of business, kniow that lie is a Gentleman of that Establislsed good Character & that firm interest, that we are like to be long happy under his ( c & they \\ill find that they (1o but kick against the Pricks, who go about. directly iir iisdirectly to undermine him or make him olneasy." This Paragraph with all its paint & daobing; if takemsn without a corrective is rank poison. - T'[le Case is much alter'd now from what it was sonie time ago. God be thaisnked \\e have I,(i\\, a i;(\vr wh\i1 is as stitl(iotts u)f utnion & quiet, as somse others have bieti of Party & factimi." As scment o/he's haIdu 61en, viz: Giiv Andros & Gov' Nicholson, who have both of them felt the effects of M'. Comy Bllair's meekness. 159 D 705. Aduf God we thanket'd, we haVe now a Got, who is," &c. We like mor Gov, as wtell 10 M'. C('1 CaI do, for the heart (if him & a4 thankl flly acIIIqHiscI in her Majesty's choice; 'ntld alri-atly si' sufficient grounds to omtiniatet to ourselves, thI greatest case & happiness under his (;Gov' & have not the least suspicion to the contrary. lit as a friend let nic tell M'. Comn that his passion hath of late got too much the Ascendant over his discretion & that he takes but an Awkward way of reconmending himself to the New Gov' by discovering, upon every turn, so inveterate & untameable a spleen against the Old one. I wonder so great a politician as NP. Blair should run upon so foul a mistake. But every man hath his weakness, & this is nIt. Blair's. He can as well forbear drawing his breath, as venting his Gall against Gov' Nicholson,-& yet this Gov' Nicholson was (as I have been infori'd), Ushered into hIiis Govt with this very self sante Serenadle of our Good Coy' & a very good CGov' did he continue, till it was his misfortune to fall under the displeasure of M' Cota, but the sting lies in what follows. - And notwithstanding the Idle stories which are irldustriously spread, all over the country to the contrary, we who have been," &c., "andI that they will find that they do but kick against the Pricks, who go about directly or indirectly, to undermnine him our make him uneasy.'." Anitd mnay tlhat wretch be clothed w-ith intfimy, that shall go about directly or indlirect!y to undtermine him or mnake him uneasy. But whyi in (Godl's iname all this to us, of thue cleroy? dotlh any of us go iabouit directly or indlirecttly to untdermnine himt or make himi uneasy? and what are those Idle storics? tand by ihom so indtstriouisly splitad all over the ctuntry? & to the contrary of what? & what is the mteaitgi ti of kiekitng agtainst the Pricks? or who is it that kicks against thle 'Pricks, or goes alout dlirectly or indlirecly toi unidermitie himl or make him uneasy? 'I'Ihsci are very suspicious exprressions. I wotildl \illinigly ihople better tlhings of r1'. Conti' that that it is in his ilntntitons, to crcate jea(llttsites in the G(ov' a''ainst its, & tlhereby to thlrocw its afresh into tlthose mbrolmelnts, out of which we ari e now in ia lfir way of rtcevering. Htit these (should be use tIle like in other ctompani-es or shouldl they cotme to the (Gov'' ears), are,-esIcitrate insinuations & hIar an tnt uoward a51 iscvt that way, hit tce kniw the Gt oc' tii be too wise at man, to be tasily plit ipi LSt & th-ri liets our stcun1itty. - & let uis cotmply with tlhe wise & Chliristiati athionitions of otir excillent IHisihop.' 170)5.] 100 Ptart of' wiciht rims, ini ithe \mx rdiR f you im'inio yti r late (Gov Nit li t10lt tiS'Itttttclt'i btx par1 it wxi tithIitlii t'id & friendlty. Asx to \,olt, I shal uIII 4 my it i at cr (ftt yxof IttI nxiot t xx'( i tlW at >ttt xi itre wilt 'It i Ot Ihc xli'till ttflitt lit(' oC a mlitliy o(.1trxxaytttg po(IWI of mx iti i I liitxe itritollm nt~iyiot atn xi & tar witnvtý xmt. fitti \\httt at yt xtII show iti yoturxt:ix'i Iitria ictt, xxii Citilox 10ft to titi fitt cttom of yottur own chit Jo antheif ith tix ( littl Niiholson: Soi ston htilt M'. CoW iii xi ir l( wittcse' of itt -,1atix tox ith 1 n~ 1111 ff miix r xt iltotxli 1 t1 i i " )txN, toxtot tr;ttix'atttti''t man l'fixtg& txi ttitc ax tot &x coat w iitnes." txctrc And 11111 itt xx Ittitxtif f x'ii' I I i&- ian otics toon cxx iii, ca ti'ittite oxft manyit r in t IixC.1 k lotitt io ts L't prtxiitaovoca atton t. 'xi C ottito xiit'tNi 'olson t iittii'postiti o vx a p rai tf t. h tix rii i liti iatitt a t xas 'iontiti t xx soi itti mit itit. tal 'xit tlii'.Itti il o c'inC him.t As toxxito Mit 'iCtw ixx' tain tistai ca racter ii 11lt limii i thu. t i rri at o r ix i c.1 tor colxxi; iti'ti liertCr (as lii teilt o til (hIo) tor our f' it vIhi itowr ixxxouft ritti tov x&x ti th xxiiat a -il ttlwtwci hfogimt-'t sx'ttt & Is ii(l xha fcc xxi tx Iw Ciii to( it x iil it wicho 1ttltc Ofe (~ctitr x, Il()l~ Wx'tt'o' ( slx'Ni titlxisctt ix wi i lilt iixii hir ) itheo uu'(fl (it\'u r xxaxttitt ai ri'ttlu tow tr itv Nof ti i, C &ii ' ',ix 'tist iii ititi lt t aiot I"v tnd o' ii)'1 01tcim;thet asvi or1111 Iwt t i x (i- i titi(If tiiix( C)I, itto, N.i it' o i t o'itc i t ic wiscit Ixntitsi tile- idrix'it It)rtxt titt( nt Xxxixnt intha ti icpetix, axy chiitt1 t'Mr.tr oiii' of cc IttxittxCoralic, 161 (1705. without whomn no Ecclesiastical meeting for the treating or concluding, uipon any ('clesiastical mattters ought to lie he-ld, & that therefore that paper, hayfig. lbeet dlrawn III) at that sejparatti uiu(ectimtu of the Clergy called hIy no power civil or ecclesiastical, &c., theri-fore lie couldl not, receive that paper as aii Act of the Cler'gy of this Country', &c. Nor (lidl they ofifer it to him as an actof/1 (?'I&/l'v-') (!f this Counitrj, the Clergy of this Coun itry' never pretenided to a power of' holding separate Ecclesiastical niiietiiigs;or to treat & conclude uponu anly E-1cclesiastical matters, wvithout the P~rivity', Presenice or Assistance of' myl Lord Bhislhop of London's Coin". But if' 2, 3' 4 or imore of tile Clergy' of this Country should agre-e to eat a Plum Puiddiniug, or Shoul d(r oif M uttoin toge-cther, they' helieved they' nlight saf'ely' do it, without ca ln li to their assistance-., my' Lord 111) of Lon(11111s CoInly. And if' they Should after dlininec, fall iiito Is (hiSCOIiuse of EcclMesiastical matters, tho' ivitliutut the, Ptrivity, I resenice (i- Assistanuce of fiiy' Lord 1B31 of L ondonis Coin, &'ý should adveulittire amomng i heinseives, to say, that ini sutspendiiii such aii one(-, or dolling so & so, m y Lord 11" of I~iLondon Comy had exceeded his Coumimission &dl )ie nmore titau Ilie Could juistiify' nay', & tho~' they' should y et furtlo hr adventure(, to lplt this theirpi' vaite I)i titllt, into, wvri ting 1Iy way' if letiter to I friend;nay, or ii tiiosI to thc (;or' hiimuself: \Ve-t they') do noit thinik that itall this woul~d aiitouiitt to the aik ilt. f1ol flici ii fselv'(s tho e o''cs f I eel esi t'tic ii i iiisudictiout, or' theI lius;silig I aciesiastical 'eu sutres, (or the fre ach of tiheir Ouow//ul~l Ob461'hnc". Or 5iilllosc tit(y shioutlid ait such a spacate iieetliig ao~ree aiioig titeinselves io dirauw iil) any' (ri ting whether l)y' \\,ay\ of'1 Pctii on, Qufery', l'foilsal, (olpli Mitt or' Iltlterwis(', in ordler sists till'. i/flu,' 1/aiit /j ()f maiiltg' such i iplhiciuiumls. Bitii itf' my fl IVi 1ff to-tide red to tim after sttchlt ma nnitleu', they' should( tnlt bei able tf or 'u6rb thinikuing tihat lie too~k upon)1 himitself 1111) glecat a state &, 10t'diiiltt N: & iis reduingctu thiffi tot tite lowest dlegre f il \as'sahage.-c 'hits bulsiness of thuc Paper wisich lrii suchli it m itigitlty' stir', was list titus uuiticli & foill thu e Tlit mo~rnitile hifm u mteitgtgiie ii tileý Chturch, at certaini paler wa s ir im i ll 1) & 'a('ree to tlot aZs it is ill the(, kccI), at time ],oIffuus ofIJa"Vtu Sec Gaov' N ichtolsoni live's hut at NP. \\'lauely''s hodg"itig~s, ill tile College-- thu' f rom thtence carind iiiitdee.d to~ tue loiLse of ', Jr.j". Y'11(11 tuS, there transmut nhd f'air 1705-] 162 & signed; but withoot die Privity, Presence or Assistance of (;(o\' Nicholson or his being any nianoer of ways connecteld in it. This Iater was offered to M'. Ciom ill the Chh which he (tho' not knowing what was in it) a)solutely refosed to receive at nor hands or so much as suffier it, to e readl bhut whell one of the subscribers btgan to r'ad it, 1. Con' fled off: & so we broke op in contfosion. M'. Coim ii his acce says that hle otH`rcid to its hlie iberty of pIoceedlint in the usual & regular way of atir motion, deblate, Question, Vote & resoliition; but all this is but words again. We accepted his otter; the motion was maildi & the Vio: was past that that paper should lIe read but N'. Comit resolution was to the contrary, that it should not beIi read, & how cook! there ie a debate, where we were not suffered, sO mtitich as to make the proposal? or is a Iroposal (tr motioni ) the worse (I should think it the better), Ior being made it writing' I Upon the whole I cannot sie, whecein lay odiir irregularity, in offtiring a written ipter to NP. Comt in at full & regular meeting of the Clirgy, or Nlt. Cotin t hticness in retfisintg it a reading, tho' iefore he knitxv a syilabIif that it,(,is in it. I cannot see Ilt(w this Consists with that fr(c ionmit of imtotiotl dIcite, question, vote & resoilittion, which MI. Coof in in its Ace' says, he offir c its, bit in tact & reality deny'd its. Well, but at last With tuth tA tildO. Co1 tm- VOiclisafes lto rtoct ive it, nay, & more than that, to give LIs an Ais' tu it, in writitig which hi hath itsic hf at ltigth in his Atct. lInt ditl' ttestiot n to which that Ans' is an Ans, NI. Com( hath (very prudently ) took care to leave oit, & thlrefore I must gitv to)seltf the trouble of transcribingt it tir hint. A ia:u: Civoft a cicltain paler, offered to NPI. Cm' Blair, in a full & rigilar nimting of the Chtrgy of Virgiinia at Williatitalitiurghi, Aug 29, 1705. T, his RIviriitnci, t1ti Rivi Ji' flair, Commissary to t it I lon't n & R' iiv" Father in ( od, I l-111, I mrd BkiIhop of London, within this hlcr NMAjecsty's ancicnt Coloity & laminiuton oit \irgiiia; Thll( ltitltlt rtepreseititation ofus the Subscribers, the tar major part of the Cle rgv of the S Colity here lrcseit, wexi, (it) d not takt upon coutstlves to dispute \,)tit- Rkt\iirence's autithority & Jurisdiction over us as Cotninissary to the ' I lon"ii & I' Rev" Father in ttd, 1 Ilenry, Lord Bishop of London, within this her Majesty's Colony & 163 [1705. dominion of Virginia. BuIt that having s1en tl an uthcentically attested Copy of an ortler of Queen in Council, signfyi ng it to he her Majesty's royal pleastire, that you sliOmtil not dCi art the Kin don of 1 nglO nor con11 into Virginia till by having abiden her Majesty's just literinination & Royal awanr in a certain cast to-ary relatins to the alllirs ()f this Colony, 3011 shomld lhavi put yourself into a capiacity of apfmicaring hltre, uitiid(r less; suspicious circullmstancvs & have efftcctuall)y wijed off those scandalous impuiiitations uinder which- at present you labor. I lereupon we lhumbly subminit it to your Reverence's own consideration, whether it be safe or convenient, either for you to require, or for uts to pay the respects & obedience otherwise due to your Character, until such timne its her Mlajesty's l1easur e fie crter kinown, youir bIeing in or exectiting upon its, within this her Majesty's Colony of Virgitia, any )power or Commnission whatso-ever, of a date antutecedeIt, to the dlate of that order of Queen in Council or of an authloritity not equal to it. O)r unless we shall have some such dlispensatiin tien its its nsay ibe Sufficient to seicure i us Ifrom the dlanger of incurring, the like cnisure of conteipt, shouldll we sliew ourselves over forward, ill paying our reslpects & iobitedlieice, to a pcttrson himself standiing (as to uts seems), in contemplt & disobedtience toC her most sacred nmajesty,--uintil which shall be doto, if wc think it inre safe- & more becioing our character 1for its of the Clertytu to wtithdraw & sitSusind ftor a siatson, ouir iusual rspliccts & obedieincet; we hope this m)iii- hluniite rcipuesentation & the scruptilotis fear we have of doing aty thing which may expose its to cenisuire r chtontempt, cither here (where your Revereicte cannmot but he sensiible, under what a general (41i1 mu' you lye), or at home (wihecre ytir case setins very doubtifl), will receive a hrvOrable interpretation. Thus, Sir, humbly desiring ypm to take into your sirious coinsilration both Our circumstaunces & vmi r own, We stiltscribe ourselves under the conditions 1befire named, Rev` Sir, Y' Reverence's most iiil tIe & imost d)l Servtants, Soi t s IN N\ I t:IX ', IV' \V " i I ssI.I JI Sit A 1 itt, iDri P1 51K`I, JA' li 1Ii.W, \1 \o W.i (i, Sat mm, Rsui hit K, I1i tnt 5 0. JiM.;Jo-,tuN (ý, Awct< Tt 1[it.rAutt1, I.x\,. V.ituts, LFWI i LA tNE, Eito" I hit mtc, 1 )Ax Tit, Nx hits tutuJ, \N RUtn, P-Ttis W\VetEst, A:O. iNnuit, Thi SuItl', JA CAtes, PEnuti KiiTx, RICH't SQUttm. 1705-3 164 (11.S,) It' tinier this our hmitulle remonustrance, yiiu sha11jl~lpase to subscrd s to it as, s our jiiilenit. &, opinioni, that nwiittthstanditit that ordher of' Qiiet i. ill Coli) twt Iti' nay &c ought toi pay youiii te same 55 irescs &. iii.(itclit ats Si ii tliit ill So litiuig Wt need1(ti licii' M a clit'r tiso frio'mi ab ove. It S-ir you sitall be ileasrdilli forms direct & express to ileliver this to ius j5yuridutisit'l ill that tase we shall. nit tlislpitt your di-ti-rinlination, biltu siimlitt itlit SI iwis. e\ mut14 (0ur a titni' Sspenid. \i-ra, Ctu~uia, It-st. I ivre is t1me (*)iit' ry 10i wliiuh Nit. Cuiuiiiss try gaive as anl Au-s iii writitig & hath inserlted it at li.1tiglt iiitii his;WC' &'s i ills it a satisfit'lhil-r Aits, tii thet matcinal part 1for tilti- cast. 1r scuptles wlci it s iltimli iill( imiiuaici'ril lit of it is qutite liarnil itl div thels, hi- tells (is tha it, Ik uoll (&mu, thait lit- is (unit, & that hev is CoItll &' that. it is mitt iuim huitistitis to li51uttt wlcteiclt lit, is Countl iir nut, all whit-It, ill the very first wtouris till out. amlilis's, Wk, still thim Itfiir lie tohl( its. MNi cut still ettihsass ts itrt tlii in teriad p art if' tli queimry lay\, but had wsit euo -iiitl to keep his lingecr off) there. luwhym stsict-n dit1 \\,(, erlarc. ourselves satisfiedI Writh is? i CileICus Chiltdren &'ý Fools are easily sa1tisfied & as suchi has Nit. Countinsary all along treaseil its. 2. -1Cl( ilr tise sIM- C- nt )seia prt Of theC Query (that of' ceissurie frotmaltt) is to lie anisscriet f,(ir ccvilsusler. 3Vr. I erautis ilti' otasirial tart ti Osi - ri reet-sentaitinl, stas to) let NI'. Qulint.& all flue sciurltl K- nitot, th is s\i- wi-re nit titer iOrstard inl I ayinii tui rreurt & i8 tle, r tim 11iiiu, 1 kitt Wtritii very glatdly shake fiteu tiff* if' ste kc ithsoltit sticihl dist'ovnrv Of miiirst-ltts thlus madet, wti- are satisuicil il iittr tat iiig iolue all sse tail (10u & ctlititutu &- tisi-it--10 tvttk Ott the rest. After this Nuts, thin:l 10llus inl tite Acrtiiiiit asitory ii' theit, tcate nutuveti by NW. ciiiiit ilit, 111(1 (tlt' sish ji-t it' siutn, griuoss r-I~t-aitumils i-asS ipll t him iii ill that papie-r tid ours iqtip \\in s h tlmtm'i utism, it siemits", g ncat divisisinis, sitine for this thing, sontw for that, soic tune forlthe uulmi'(, s0tine ft ur eatirilli110 tig'sli us- tleetituns, othecrs f ur siniking- timelt-little iuapmu, &'ý othet's ft i situkitig mitt a b it if' it, hut all Isis mitiglisy littfi-rt-ntms ss'liu- st cainettc iuu t tat CM Mu isis, tsas mu st thus in1chtut &) 1110more, ss'hdiestr or' W-) NI'. Quint s111k liotlt lelse its' his A mist Stilt 165 [1705. scrihed (as was proposed1 in the Postscript) onl the dtiplicate of our retniolt strance! N& jtst unider the Que)try of' the iPostscript, which some. insisted up on, or whethecr we shouthd accept of' it itt a Impter by itself, wvhich others agreed to, so that (1101 jng' or sinking of the whole i apt r which N11, Com,n Sjteaks of, waS nto morte than beintg conttent to recive NMIt, (Cott Anis, itt a pi ta te by itself, & as for o)ltt r papr to htimt to drop or sink it, that is to drnip or sink all 1.irt her uliscouttse albout it, to let it retIs it Nwas & say lit) uticel ttf it, tiut a cincchiino rt't'tt' li.ttit (tttv word't tor s5lltiltl of1 it, 'aI ittl cIi*1 NI', (tilnt sit thtittg wait" ttt"i'at by aIny of lttti' whlo nec re lot' drilt'tjjiiti or "1ittkity) Ilu iti' l As for tili, ihIctat cvivi (aIs it thl illit tlte Ate') 1))y NP', ('titi''I thlt'nf'r citt eat oa thilingI it( it, ft'tas 1 wvas etitcritig intto thte (Chitchl, I Mid tegritctatst tacrt oft tts the SitlbsecIibtcrs etttittgl ta 1.stily tilt otf it, &' savyitt oito ward ltttwevtr & wats tttte ott tlise ti`Cv whtit aayt't & lItaril NI'. ('tlt" 1itti~lt Itis spteclt &, tiook to'll leaves. oft ltitt as, is 'elattdill ittlt, acctttnt. li1tI md telttttselves, lTo htavie an vltiled bttdy 0, i'l~tglislt (.li'tgv thuts t.'ttv't & wif~, Ahttset, Ilt'spatuet'et & Bufl y'tli t tltict' vtt'y fatces b y titte Scoit Iti eelil, ' & yet tet tt to nothtittg 1bttt a dclea' ear'-Itis is Suchl a tt'yal oif' otut t'Iaticicn'i, ttttt of' wivhtil we ttiji G'otd swill in Itis dltte titte deliver tts. (Or perhtaps (1'o)r it is tot tttjtostllt NICoti' titseh' ttayitttim ltcone I nun itan. Buttt all's tot over yet, here s a farthter acct of NI'. ContV" contitttitng the taeetittg,, with stttte of' hits 'athering I rethtett after the revolt. of" the grceater ptart of' the Clercgy..Attd wee-' A'ltasr agaittst. Altar; A Siltatate, clattdetstinte Seltisittatical tittetit' of' tlti' e1rg's' at the Ilist if NI'. j1 in liiiNit 'S %dice teov 'N itlidsiit thc C liltt Itsr if mtid whalt %a fitte stittv Will tltis tItik' a-t Itiotiti' & hoscts t'i'etitttsc itt thte Clet'gv toi (its' N ichotlsonts koditiltis, that svilti I;ov' Nichtollthit"g., tight. Antd Sit sty smilte uof* tlti ('l'rgy tlo ttsi'l' s. ''T is ve'tritit, sio dii sottte tif' tltettt saiyp, 11t1Mi hieeTitse whten Goti' N ichotlsoni is g'itit tutte Ilit-tt tlterc's lit tle 'taýr btt that all tlti tt will Ibtc stitii setL right, 1705-] 166 lint (, this Coy' Nicholson! N'. Blair has got such a trick of late, of crying out whenever lie is put upon the fret, " Gous Nicholson, Gov' Nicholson," that we are afraid lie will beconie a Common Swearcer & with a new invented oath, Of( i I c viicry pet Cry ilt -' B, Coy' Nicholson." nBut the main part of my work dill vIllains li: ToI ii 5151 C & IS, 1iETIONs of M'. Cor"liv lair, oltiCrcl to) Ohc p'llir N" much1 inli"14-d onI by flhc Clcrgy, which wcrc as flblmows Nc. hit II 4. taufulf i t shall I Ii hi? t li's tl 3 i;eii'rdls have I to COM1at with, with all dihir Siihaltwins. lcn1ral thidt, thi maiiiii' of Proctirinlg ithat Paper. Sillali'rl', I, 2, t, 4, 5. G1n1ral dwi S'ciidi, di malner & fbrm of that paper. This is a bold gen. cral & -,14111( lipo hik mvil hottoml. G-licrl illc third 11 sthl Suiciout l'inshad~u a!lpcos of that p;1pvr. idiltl' ns iii, 1. 2, 3 5. with the Auxiliary of a Conclu'iiin. A F(lilnahihb ilppwaranm- but. I aml ill tihe mlidt (d, thcim and Imu1st stand it out S th lril'Ii i as to icllilI tii 'i, dw i'iiral Pi clirini(, I say lie's a illisnomeli' thein was no4 pnwllvillý &N thl-r-cs all (.nd of (wincral th i rt 'I lrth lstrn Sulikaliin, I lviIi' ii'-anido'i thi lcfore blit it' twy are 0not satiIu'Il*d, let thin me1vit mv at, I in)m ' tm an 61onunis Ol OhW Soluthl Sid( of I'ail" '111hurch Yard in Lonldo'l awl Ihr \6[1l put ilh( issm. 1upon this polint. Whedhcr or nlo,,.1, 1I o( mlii in' ti' Clt" i'. e l f' this Coloin', may io it of' their oi'n accord & without ihi Call tii any wi'r civil or IEcclesiastical, mii' 't at die hoIse of NI'. J(1111 w.ngo \6h-tv clk thry picam. 'S thcrc tho(' without the privity, prciCi' as'i'tdu'uc' oif Inv I.ini Of oi'oiidiouI's Ciumui' ilitir i1to disCouirse ililig iiii'iiisi'ls's, 'l ini ' airs rlatinuh to tiiir Sill casi &- circumstalin's N if thi' are so mii l'lnd put tieir thoulii ts into writiini & set tluiir hands to it iin order to Ie presented to my Lord I' of' London's Coiii' at the next general meiting of ti' Clergy & what Law, Custom, Canon or constitutioli, civil or icclesiastical, thiy should transgress in so doing & whether or no, NI. Coin' refising iIl receive or hear rcad to him ally pilpusal So oftfernd to hli iin a full & cXi'r iilar Imletii g iiof thIe Clergns be niot diistructive of that freedom which is essc ntiilly lt) u c ssary to all lawvtiul conventions,-1 would firther Query whether or no hicr MNjesty's GovY" Privity, Presence & assistance be not as necessary to tli hoildiiig of' thie Council as the privity, presence and assistance of imiy, Lord Bishop of London's Commissary. As to thil holding of 167 [1705. any meeting of the Clergy & whether or no 3, 4 or more of the members of Council, meeting at the house of M'. Coimy Blair or elsewhere, without the call of any power Civil or Ecclesiastical of this Colony & there drawing up papers & setting hands to them without the privity, presence & assistance of her Majesty's Gov', e not altogethelr as Clandestito', as Lonsnaring, as Ioconsistinlg. as. Pre-engaginig as whatever else NI. Comv will call it, as can Ir any of the Clergy's meeting & doing tie like at the I ouse of N1'. John Young or where else they I please. Or hlath there ever been a general mI('etingt o f the Clergy or of the genrial assemibly, where soini of the melmbeirs have no11t net togeth'licl & comtpared notes, 1efi0re tlwy went in a full body to the( Church or Capital & N'P. Com' took his desk, or NP. Sw aker his chair. ()r must the Cl'riy as they drop in to the T'iiown oIo' aft'r anitl her, first go to lP Comoy & atk hui wher' they may' sit lp their II.r'''' & who m'y krep cimipuliy to. gether fbr f0ar of (di'h'.' pio''.i'ntdiil hImiin' as S"(hi'.mnatic's & coiventichm'is & holders (f Cllideistitie It"eetiuigs & illi tilNg tnli th' lash of Cain 711 I7i3ic1 miutniciatioi Ipso Facto. It fi'ts os to S'e o('uirsclv's iised like so many n abiteso to bI bughear'il out of our sens's, by' 'ig woids, \\'lcit Si'liiool bliy; hth Ih make of( us! At this rati' wi' shall he afraid 'eri it lc long, of stitrie' wit of doors or giving om' anither a visit, without first askintg Ni'. C(min Icave ijii4'so Ii l' c'ptolr <a miili scit ain xiunildi f,6ias. Nay, but (say NI'. C'omnl, The r'l ogiilar way of' pi'o''ciling is 1iy' NMtion, 1) lati tm )tcstioii, \ote & Risolutioin, vci ' well, & that was the \ as we wcre for, ws mios'l thlii utting it to the \'iite, w'hcthi'r that patwr should ble rad or niiot. But INI. Commissa'y's ResibelutiOn was to the contrary that it shoult not be put liiiti thV \ite, on'' of NI'. Coi", fdiends (Nl'. AiiIersisni saying thliy'l out \itu us. But bit iiim'ting was taflil ly;V' Nicltd'. That miiting (if' a Imwitinl it must i') was nit talled ly (;o\' Nicrilsin, nay, but it was ismade uj wily (f such pi'isons as hald 1by' f iner adircessis & stibscriptimis pr'-engaged il'iislsi' to v' NjchlilSo). Ay! I,'., it is: this is that which sticks liiii to tde Iihart, disc p'i''ngigtt'iis h' finds its tinder; well, Go'' Nicliolson is going offi but be tv'' Nicliolsii wsler' hic will, I dare Issati' I'. Ctutu, that tiulidr the same M'ag' iiiis i t-''ngagi'iiciits, he f't1ii1d its this last meeting, he will fitil its i1e text & so Wn, 1nlo'ss lie self shall first lay aside his oi'et'rawinig miethoiimls, indi what lie has doni &i finl (it somie way of puntting us iito a better state, witli our Iioct'l sen. IeI hath made. us the Scorn of our people. But as there he some that shake tteir heads & 17/05-1 168 laugh at us, there lie more that shake their heads & pity us. I have clone with Getteral dh: first, General procuring & his 5 Suhalterns. 2. General dh: Second, general matter & form (if that papcr. Mr. Corny's house stands byagreat road. Let NM', (-only go lint off to the gate & put the quecstion to the first nain hie mee(ts, telhong hint (if hie dfoes tot unde~rstancl Latin), the EnAglish iof the(. wordl oewlat & if hie ulo not give hint satisfaction, I will. (r Irc. loin sent) a c01)y of our relpresentation, to our resptective liarishioncirs, all whoml, if' we have abuised hint, wec hate abused, tir let hint tiae ilth' like to 'sentinent oif us to lte( text getteral asseninlyl near enlsuing. 5tS "i lS & statidalotis ti't'iliiistaitci's, hiast' tttitlt'mi'n in thi: traitscriltiing uiih liais,; Bu t i't \ P. G inim take- thent wlhich'lviay lic iasitil, wi'i aie iTeAI tlii tli i',lasali 'terible;ssperg nil less thart TIreasont, Treaisonl 'ire-asiI, 1 Logravenl ill thlt forehetlca of htitt widi 5S Sullarierls to Sill TcI )efi,'i'f this 1151cr, se-i 'lls to he isecethi itg. suslirillis & to looik with a 1hall asli 'r t i(t 11)11> 1))lmii dii: I"'ceisiastiral butt 11811 1111: Civil GllS' tif ti is Countryi c, Sri ii 'clati111 to I his I ~xi'eli'nrcy laiw" Ni tt, lxst' mionr prisient And mtay is'' lit altways ha1ppy ill thle sweet tetmpeIr & p-aca'alle clispositiott, of his L.XCt o)v' t't lint schait Shall We (tt Witht thle hadl asplect, wltirlt this paptir of the clergy bears, tot oitly ol thde l~rclesiastical but also the Civil Gov' tif this country? atitl what shlot1 wie sax' ti this? SIhall tve ratge oir shldl icc: laughl 1Plaini it is dtac here's a plolt! A IPlot as clivep as I1Ivcll itse~lf, A l'lot agratlist hitidr Clii rt'lt and StaLti:- A P'vtlot fO thec subiversioti tilt itily of' the l':c'c'hisiaStiu'al, 1b1t alsiu tlt' cy givel r-o titrn t oif this Coutntry. a I]'hit tol tutrtt ot't lFdw" Novtt, La'', tot' tir'Isr't t CitY A I'lttt Ii'ti'irthti'tiit thei lati' Go;v' N irlrilstin to raise the I )rzlgtmiiitis & >1 l t tiot idevrtill) all tlie counii into''rx the handts oif anl intihiginct Artiy & iitdignt cfticcers 'I'll lay a blrdg- totver tile Bay & let itt ite Arriiirackiaris;'Tu make the Moirtht f' I'otoniac F~ordahle for tieNi:w \ork-kiats ';'ll set all thit Slavtes & tegroes friec & arto themi againist 169 1' 705 - their masters. To murder President Blair in his bed, fit all the Schoolboys with Firelocks & turn the College into anl Arsenal. In a word, a plot to cast off the, Yoke of Engi", to erect a fifth Mon~archy onl this northern Continent of America & make Govt Nicholson Emiperor of the \Vest, & Who should have been at tihe bottom of this plot, but the E'nglish Clergy of the Colony of Virgrinia, Th'e Eng~lish Cle-rgy all of themn to a man save only single St. Jolhn Shropshire? and who should hlave been the discwoverer nf this 1)1(l but IMr. Coill Blair. Ji. lPooli! It is imnlossible, a p)lot against the Gov' both ecclesiastical & Civil of, this Conuntry! it's anlsenise. P. Nay' it is certainllys) So a S s sore as you are fitimer the. Clergy (somne fC,%r loyal Scots eXCeli~tel ). a11 ielli it, haVe y'ou never seen MI'. Coi mny depositills? A4, lHut b1os'? the f'l'mr'v) at W\ill"...iiirgti, lls'\ tIn'- lvii' tit hefitre tha"t iiii'etiiie., there Cotmie Townism, miii less tliami 11ccl'Nli c g toe (& thlele was nile ilirci bI elir, thme mist NI' i'' \'iui', shureyiu kinows i'lthe t mv' Nichltsonm lives thitre thleS iO)Vr Niclmolsitim, senit them Iv by his nanil jiimo s, somew I ottlis of Mliili'ir & Iristo], CSlii' thery kep.It sl ing i) ill a Coilmsilt'ti(.tli to thiiiist iimiithmihit, &L_ them.i thme les..t 11(imioi'i i t~m re..11cn to ITowni 1. k1iow not 11mow ma nty imnoo' f theml & sit upi t~i 1rlit list'ws athe Saint li houseviz itl- l iiuse iii AV'. JWi'. Ytiiing, where, Gov, Nicholsonl lives &, tIle e tlhe y sign''ied a taper, in tile uiatuire of an1 associatit i &, there is the bottom of thii( plot,& if" you have ne(-ver seeni that palmc hehire, look yium, here it is, rmead it. B. lTo his revei'ncel( thle Ri.( 5'. Well 8c whmat then? here's a story of ani orrht'r iil Cotuiicil S I kiiows not schi it h 'i is nit a wordh of GoV Nicholsoin, iir Guy' Nott, or any, thiiig like ias I Cal ce Ai WAhy, that's yinur dulnliess now. isBulit NI'. Bhlair cami see. farthecr into a 11uihhsmt tu tt"lmai yism camm1, lic a r sli it NI. Blirtm himmii;tIf satilhi to it. 'Fu icsin-i of this lialm'sci' ells toi lie i'xccdi'iimm' susicl'ills Nz tit Ilook with a had ishiect tnot oiily 1111iii tllme ecclesias;tical huiit also upo lilt the Ci O il i of* this Coiinitry, with relation to I ~dw'' Nitit, l~sstj' tinr re-st it a o'iiwoesse temie pecci';l le tdisposition, this Coilonmy is exceedlin' 'happ y.' P. EXceecdingil Sstmpiciouis, baid ispct, (ovt ecclesiastical &. civill I see no0tlmiliig Of all1 this inl thatL Ptaper. 1705.] 170 A. M'. Blair only saith it seems so. He doth not swear it now, he only saith it seems so, & he hath no less than 5 reasons to back his seems so; & here they are. i. Bccause some of those Clergymen that signed that Paper came to Town the over night before that general meeting of the Clergy which was not to le till the next morning, & what need they, have comied over night then? s1. Gwa Nicholson sent letters to some of them to conie over night. 'these letters cf t.ov' Nicholson's were sent by Gov, Niclholson, when Gov' Nicholson was out of his Goi, ergoP. Ergo what N b. - Therefore the design of this paper seems to be exceeding suspicious & to look wdith a Iiail aspict, not only upon the ecclesiastical but also the civil G(vcrnminiit of this Country." R.Wcll "'o Ion. 1 J ci ii'cny Iccais' tliiir c'c'iinv wirs at NI. Jiii \cong's icise, xhrle dlu liatv;I V Niciioii lves, her's (ox'' Niciolsoii a1in, cisc, " Thlie design if thic j:,ii' l'' ils toc hi 'ci'eediicg suspicious & to lick wiih a cld cxplct, out oily 111) ()II Iw Cili'sisiitical, but also Ilict Cixil Gox' of this Couiitri.' ' 3 lkcaisc Iccx N ii Lain had seen a chidiiiig litter, fro'i' tlihc Iislicj of London to thi (el 'y if dhii Coiuntry & yet toldl thiemi iiothiin' i of it, ergo, "' 'licrefore tlic' iii'i 1 ci this paI r sccle s to blie exceedii- i suispiciouis & to look xx ith a I ad 'opeci t only uponi tdii ecclesiastical but idso thii Civil Gov\ of this Country." ' 1 aise bieficie that meeting' of tic CelCry, (oVx Nicholson hadi sit 11 Ovcr this ('Country ciipies of icr Majesty's & cie of hitr Alajcsty's Sccritarrxs if Si lat's letters, to hiiseilf, signifying to 1iim, thlat notwitxhstanding all tlh infoimiaticils, gixen in against him to her MaI sty yct he stood fair ill hir i a styxs I ixor, & that it \itas not upon acc' of any of' those informi - tions or orot 0I in; dislileasu re that her?d ajesty had coricxived against himi that shlr ccall'd hifni hut assuring him of his receiViii, wheii coime hoiie, the marks of lihr roy al fivor, & ibecause Gov' Nicholson & his FImissaries had also coblisii'd ' 2 othcr paplis, the one a i)eotioii to thy OLuc iCC CIll iCouiI I peferr'd by onc Cwoc. Wilcox, charging "ci Coin Bli iihx hivini aspersed icr M"ajisty's Gov' & GOu' hIr i With filse & inalcioiuiis informiatiiis c& praying that tiic S Ja" lilair, Clherk, shcould not depart thii kii diin of' Elngl nor (q for Virginia, till biy iaicing stood her IMajrsty's Just di tcrmiination & royal award in Case iepcinding between Gous Nicholson & bunlie i stoild elfct 171 [1705 - ually have wiped off those scandalous imputations of his having (a work so unbecoming the meekness of his profession) aspersed her Majesty's Gov' & Gov' here with false & malicious informnations; & till by his having stood her NMajesty's just determination & royal award, he should have put himself into a capacity of appearing here unlder less susf)iCious circumstances & effectually have stopp'd the mouths of those who are ap)t to say, that ity (leclining to stantd hicr Majesty's just determination & royal award in a cause 1by him self cominiIenceld, it looks as if ihe were lc from jsic; s pras some of (;ov' Nicholson's IEmissaries may do. All the other papl r a Copy f an order of Queen, in council pursuant to the Petition of the S NI'. (Geo. \'ilcox, viz: that the S" JaY Blair, Clerk, should not ildepart the Kingdotmil of EnLglI nor go to Virginia till, &c. Nows Guv' Nicliolson h atiln' by himse(lf & his Emissaries sent all over this Country, Copies of l he aicsaid le tters, viz: of her MaLjesty's lettier, to her trusty & well bAlo< ( (vot 'i I( lsitl & otf a letter of on(e of hcr Majesty's Sicr tacit( of State'S, writteii to fth 5i1 (Go'\' by fir Mltjstv's iotinael & i'"itrit m Iiimt of %lr \ltt-,ly', i o " t tot wanrls him & of ile p titiot of M'. \ ifl's I icer ao S inaty i (Coti Ncil, Nist '. a I litr, Cl(rk, & of tle o rIer (of ftitt iln ('tiicil pfrit u nt 0to t It It-itmi, c o, Til desit ofl this lr es paper see tIsto bc 'ip, suspicious i t& t look with a hai aispct riot only upon the ccclsiastical biut als it t( ios o Civil G f this Cotttri s ',' l ftcause it is in sinlitate i tin that paper, that M'. Coiiu Ili; ir liis under tihe Geniral odiuim (of this CIounttry & that (as it may be spstl) fir his hain. ii eti such a stickler against ' Nicholsiontt & so instrueimittal in the Ciantie of our Giov", rttao, I Thl dcsign of this paper, stems to ble excei inthg suspicious & to look with a lad aspect, not only upoun tIe ecclesiastical lut also the Civil Gov' of this Country." And these are those 5 argumints of Mr. ComW' Blair, Ition the Suspicion, design & bad aspect of that paipt ir of the Clergy. And I think any one of tndem to prove it to a ettitionstration. 1. Aye, Aye, any one of themii as wel as all tof theim together. N\7 \211)%, (;()Vr 1O1on ii ill c\.crv~ ()lie of lic~ni. 1. Whiy, Guy' Nicholson is in every tue (f tei. '. And as long as (;Gov' Niciholsoni is in tftt Country, there will not be a Slog Stole, but (G;ov' Niciholson will ibe inll the lf(t. I have long since said that i'd'. Ilfairi is a aIIn who knows hiow to make a great tldeal of a little & I think tire's a t:demonstration of it, couiltl any iman in the world besides N1'. Blair have Smelt out a plot against both Church & 1705-1 172 State in that p)aper of ours? that that paper of our's should seem so exceedill,, susicioui~s & toi look with so had all aspect not onlyý ntoun tine eccclesia~stical lInt also tilt thev Civil.o\y oif this Country. Is not this planting, a Culverin a -ainst a Cahlagt'? unless upon the Suipposition that the Security oif the Govt Itoth in Clotrci & State in thins Country ilependIs uplon thec Shiare that M', iBlair haith Inl bohol of the-m anti then indleed Ni. Blair (it oust lie g2ranted), Iiý, ' somle re ason tnoa lcttedsg iiitat papier seems ito lit exceteeiiig stpisucioils, & tot lootk with a hadI aspect, not only tipon the ecclesiastical 1bit also the Civil Goy, of this Cointry; bit chat not with relation to Edw5~v Ni it Isq Ksifhr Najes-- tv's tristt tic' inl whose, &cc. Butwit sih relation to cthe 1i liiit'e &S Re'.v5 Jnciiis Blair, Its ii iit wlise cmitnlitt nit onilyt tihe cclesi istita bu it alisot ilii Civil aov sisoiii I i itt,; Co n.li s is ttiiitr tSO tutuI tut. toll i lS.t' til til11t aill tlviii i uIt out s tol ( c i'. fitt roti wit ii m & li wx'ii elulitli it61 I ill. I it, titicl, le to Ili,; &, tilt1 mIy tite it~tr ('tututo my Il titil ll it sil it)(1 Iis tot litr sa "l~tru loN. &,ctlit &i Itilt' l vuha itt I li-I Nit it srl\ swl lin t i I-Ilclls, t kl & Iivit 1 Ckifii t tilt otttrtr t hul ii tint~l t i t i' t l d i týI inl I \u Ctl ui It kcittilia 11& icls\\ti 'P l tilt (swititleit" is) 1 Itit lit ltiii' &U u't5ierctiigN,le;tgcits Itiils It lit hatwtuiil ttant iO tlt'tltItut "( t I his Cli itctr, otisto 1.0.iIIt NI' C t itlirtue4. he buti til1 ri tin( titi 'v itd, sliti' t\ illai cite11 'IIiril, li t c Ilit tor'1M, WtT' l mls tet iiii ittict clI it lent ips Ii ttit1 ever no Iteeti fmuTuilci kF1 tislt s 'lacii GulNithit slut tle Clii ri-jc~te chcictt St t lteiiai 8Cc. & the tivr A61i Itisti e liitile il' Ill tix erisv- 'd tiiciW hein s stoomouuti tI i str & tt tliTT.ti Clvi( g a tIni t in I iit is),: O 3 I e kiii l'~lsll i & li lNSwait g l~tiett tic:anltI (lit'c' I ctithte wou llt d hisai ito eritmic the eokness& timliratvr titiist Nito.mm 9 111slf.Fclirn~ qut dulu m mitt frIlittec usvl in~s heIc NIlict: avuoie lsim 173 IT "Y05. of which (how artificially soever couchied), to all of us that heard it (.tniong whomll G'uY\, Nicholson was one), was plain enough without the hlcp of a K~ey, In all these. thing-s I shall adventure to say, thevre wais somethingr too faMniliar & disrespective too provoking &, exavsperating. And we have art English IProverb, what is sauice fur a Goose is sauice f.or a Gander & when M'~. Comnl feels 'within his own breast, the effeVcts of his own piractises whecn turned upon. himiself this antidote (if duly applytd) nay heconie, wh~at I designed it for, a Sovereign muedecine to him;, & teach, hinm to do as hec would "be done by. Among Nl.. Commy"' Arguminents to demnonstratte the Suispiciouis look that paper of' ottrs b ears not onily) 011(11 the ecclesiasttical, 1Nitt auit the Civil Guy, of this Country, is wi reitil ciln iti Sly ill It ttkt itt 'I 1to iitl td tf Story, of the diksatisihitiun of1 Iris Cotuntry at her Naictjsty's to ~ilt (us ovct! t~wnt, at most 1idicialtts 8N ntistlt''cittustiesi 'Til tilot M', Ctm i tall it hit a1 story. Pliii whito b m l ie" stry Wito t(11s diAl Sito? If' NI' (,til\' knows iit1N h iw f stil a1 stt-\ htry l kitow'; tiltw lii mtt I do, ictt -iiiItti to iiibl' t h i'.1 11111callmai &,t t hi e it fli t (utito iy'~lII.tt i' iivc tolml;t t14itani "Im jtint' tact gat'1a t't'tsf Im istl I t11,1lkt clrittu frttl;dl 40f its titan huhtlihiIKtil'it Thr siht t0 u whc N is ct sic it fit atnpthc di' tltarat011tt' o NP. CI r fm)lair as it is tii the( gtiit'tality if the( copl te of this coiltrtr i's ls't knttwnt tot Iriritelf Nit, let tIc tell NJ. Cttrit Bllair$ that fit thg1cicrirrl slittitrlieh lyts a trtlr iii this coint ilry, is mitt ott of atty diusatisfit"itit tn dy have. ag,-tiri st thecir irittien Govt (thr ~te ( ctitrytt lilistie) Ilnt tha NI Jr Coll,_ nnissaty-N flllir shulitld have beeni,ahuive all] uthceru, sri ft rwtrtl & Puisltirtg a trait, inIfiurtitintg & jtrilcuetitiirg Comp1 lairttu & I jerttrt1ii1t agAirts Iour bittenj giovcr - mrttts thtat INI'. CornQ Na~tir sholdtti takeC Uponti Itirisclf lie ritubking- &S ofrrtbtit mtt' I ityt. That rittite of uttir Gus" Sliritltl lte abtle to be atny luirgir (iliet, than while thet, y take car e to Iiiiror NMP. Citird IBlaiir, that NI'. Court IBlair sholtdtr rave entuitared & betrayid Sto titany (tho' rrllltarativriy, few, yet too ritarny) lIturtst & itt their taci teiliper ltttrebi I gootd nfittril urdi a.lith.1en of this citri initty ittt hde Iibe riisceerily ItrarlitSeS Wth hi tlrItitef; slittit i lar' bt-rri the olccasinin tif Stichr utilialuc ihicisiurs &, anititttsitits aruitg, ins', to tlt llriaclt of Frtieinldsltil & gtodttl tglhbtui'lit oil shulduil Ihave broutg-lit utticli at si:ainilal & reptroach upon Iris whole country. tratle its talked of' at htoire as if' we were a 1705.] 174 factious troublesome sort of People, restless & unquiet under every Gov' & never at case. These are the things (& not the vile suggestions of his speeches to us of the Clergy), which have indeed brought MN. Commissary under tlat g'nerial odium in this country which he himself must be strangely nscnsibb Ilit be not sensible of & which will go nigh to stick bN him as long as his name is Ja' Blair. And now let any man lay together those 3 Passages in M'. Blair's first speeches to us of the Clergy, after the arrival of our new Gouv. II. That th're should le suliplosetd to be among us a man that is for going about directly t r indirectly to undermtine her Majesty's present Gov' over us or make him litii';isv. 2. That that paper of ours should look with a bad aspect not only upon the ecclesiastical but also the Civil Govy of this Countryx with relation to his Excelltnicy, is Noitt, fsq., tir preseit (iii\''. 3. 'Iliat thIer'' hofttild Iw any suIch thing insinmmatid as a stoiir' of the diss';isfoction of this ti tint try with tde Clhalle 'Of tdie (1v' tdat is (fit what i1it call bc Iu infido), apaiitst thri i''siit (ox'. Th isi'' sutc imtislicIous simetsiins, thm wi' caiot, but witdi illi 1u1m11wt inidigknlit Iinn& a h re c rts g is h NW. an tlk n m111 li1t''), of Placi & muniot. ulit by tholise his first bliigiiIIIInits with tir new Goy' let aiy man judge wlietmhier lie takes the right methods to that end, whether or no the creating jealousies & suspicions between rulers & people have a g;ndency toward peace & union or quite the contrary & whether or no such suggestions do not hear the aspect of an ill tendency that wcay. M'. Commissary (arguitmenut 3u tnder General 3). ofjects that Gov' Nichilson had seen the Bishop of London's Letter to us 1efire we drewxx up that papir & yut had not coumunticatid to its the conti'im s of it. But had Gov' Nicholsion coiimunicat'd to us the contents of our Iishop's lettir, biefore it was delivered & coIttmn unic.ited to us in our General meeting by the Ibon"l Hearer of it, our presint Lox', I doubt not, but that NI. Cotm\I Blair, would have made lctudtr Claiourst upon 5 1,GovG Nicholson & more reason would lie have had for so doing. BUt poor Gov' Nicholson, right or wrong, Gov' Nichiolsoti must be ill the Ilot. 01ji. But had Gov' Nicholson communicated to the Clergy the contetus of the IBishop of Litni0on's Pletter, before their having drawn &c signal that paper they would miot haVe duieC it. 175 [I705. Ans' '". That paper was presented & adhered to after our having recd & read the Bishop of London's letter. 2 n. That Paper altogether refers, to an emergency which arose not till after the date of the Bishop of London's Letter, to which therefore nothing in that letter could refer, & as to which we did not then know, what his Lordship's judgment might be. But when M1. Commissary afterward acquainted us, that notwithstanding his Lordship's knowledge of that business to which our paper referr'd, M'. Comy h'ad his Lordship's order to proceed & act as before; we readily acquiesced & were content to drop that paper & insist no Imore 11upon it, but without retracting (as M'. Comr demanded of us) what we had;l before done. Obj. But our signing4 & adhe-ring, to that Paper was an express acting contrary to the Bishop's admonition in the Said Letter. Ans'. See what a rod N'. CoimY hath got into his hands & what use lie makes of it & what omutes we must e. IBut if hy Ily Lord Il of It idons letter, we, thIe i1dr-'ll ss'tS & sbtibribcrs to that laplir, mutst stand 1, ha-rr'd from drawi.ng t111 pI jsrs im tiakiti: stub rifittiots, twill INV, Cmn" i hiiiimself & his 'Idilring retr' n he, brouight 1underl thi tun IeIC Conin"mrenrt? Those p;Ipwrs Ilpim whlich 1.1m1 nowmak Ing y r %mrks wrc dr1AWn1 11, Mignd, 1tcite by Nl', 0 IonI hilw it'l &, 1)11 hi, r th e ill 11) t bc r n m ta (;I- it is preCsumeII1 d), into En, ill c ry hall, pa"w (d which rll iidhp' i asllm ition ()f pZ1rting with Gov' Niclilsoi tiils & fritildly & exl ressiiig no resenittiieiits iagainst him, is most notoriously trainst ress'd, representilng the \V]ol, biody of tIle Clergy of this Country (M'. Comu & his 6 Countrymen & attesters exceopted), as a pitarcel iof fools & tools, haIingt neither senses or consciences of their own,, bult like so liany babtlies altoo''ether, itanageid like so many babies lby the tack of another, chart''d ( if tnolt (Irictil\, at least by broad inuendoes), \with noifthini less tithan Iiw i iti ploit to uitndleiiminle her Majesty's tirescit Gs' ivr us h& make lii itsy & iof cm iryinig toil sistiiiiiOit us des it"s, not onlys against the ecclesiastical but also tI. Civil Gms' Of this Country. Can it be iinagiitefd that we should itve thu f tiince of having such aspersions as those thrown upon us to our very faces, without expressintg a just resiletlment against them & getting out of the lhea ring of them. For luist sich papers as thelise be sent home & spread abroadl in tIle world, concerning us & we ie deharr'd fit till iUttimug in our aiiswer to them or ofiterilig any thing in omir vindication? If so we mluist ccii Ibtlthink ourselves of seeking iut sonice other part of the world, where we may live in the condition of Frciemien. IBut cer 1705-1 176 tainly this was. not the intention of my Lord Bishop of London's letter, nor the ushe lile signckd should he m~ade of it, As for WI. Comiv charging ('ott Nicholson (Argi 4.p With hlis having" by his cnmissairys, spreadl idle stories all over thle Cou~ntry, TIhat hie was only goiing hotte to cl~ear hiinself & would return, the Guy' againi, in at little time, If' any such Idle stories have beeni talked of, I hope (Gov, N rco ls~i i is not aiisweratl tc for all the Silly Chat, of the country. If all the bIdlehall a 8, l'asiliki & I aitipootis that have been postid uposn treces in hig~h roads, nay, even seiit to EnitA" &S" printed &c sprecad abroad all thle coun~try over, Slo tld be fathered upon Jr. Comll IBlIai r, tinlder the Phrase of,.jiTuld abrioadl lv l&SIoso'i, I believe his revereiice wiould dhiink himselwf hardily d W~ttith, Anlyit )ýit is little to be doubltedI, but that they we~re both contposid Sc pubhlishied by Itis Patrti'ans, thu' without his knowledge or cotnsent, wvIts thicn shoutld diet. onetl Is- mo re charged uPoti Gov' N ichol son, tlhani the other uitun INI' Coin' Bllair? hit that it sitis by s rtoeC Of thlose Idle stories, tha~t we'( of die Clergy were tiicparid ti) sit),i tltat strantr paw of ours (as, lie, called it), ito dnothr if NI'. C-(i in usall~ way~s Of iallill. 11" its ot, All Itit v laslyis to Gov' Na itilsoit, ( ový" Nidltisiir I iii Nichoilsont, tV 21' ti I h ( it' IN idiid o i. I i~ (Iii -iclii it very s"it ieIy, tlt it Iov' Nit 11t1,11 1i i (I1 litI I m 1 Wh IlWtIcW ) i lt ItVlt, iist 1tii, K ItItt) Icllk I.i v it v r;t Ic I a ty IlIer w "Itv, c IItitr IIItI t'k to the( dail k It i'tilt (wi paicititil diiit PNsIitii ilt. NICit' Itittisit" '&. I verlily Is'itve, that inl that. Lat tit'ietit itf tdeti'rg liV 11ii ttI, isot iii'ý, oSt thingo ditto. 1ty its, ctiilttr as tIi itlattir* ort(it' ~ l, sittilt ih t ttmtild li iii- huitit dit itie us NI', Ciii11 citludids hik h to lli iillt i lthrw WIstol 'il ~titnl which at i' astl I catil Iý ty1 iiititan' i 'Ipp' si od this I aiur its 81 i littl sitiril ()f if it, itltay tint still tiiithdrawtt' h i luir Itits as wl iii tutu ICIl to f if lii, sittister (uses, that tutay, lie tithev ittf thir stihscripititit,'' Vtý; htim. ittittcittot YOiU nelatt ni htarmi, itt tyut-althis was (iv' N it li lsi i siii's. And whtat did this seiLturint gauli hut at last?ilty, tha t itisitad of diattitig off" alty hantds, to ire, swhto st-re nott in with the fiirst silibscrilwirs, desire~td thy might tact: the libe-rty of ilditig- theirs wihichi was dotte. Atid~ thins have- I at lcngth with intich ado, got over thecse pipers of MI'. Coin'v, dratwn it)i, signed & atteIsted liy JAi' BIhii t Ciimy, JA" WAtIAsit, tttlN NIUN ito, Gti, it. RiiittisiuN, Cut'~v ANDERSOtN, JA'ý hii'ttutNI 177 [1705. When Mr. Comy delivered me these papers, he asked me, what was the use I designed to make of them, that he hoped my meaning was only to keep them for the use of the Clergy. lie made ome in a very friendly manner, sit down by him & read some part of them, & seem'd desirous to have entered into some arguing with tme about them. When I had read some part of them, I broke off declining to enter into any discourse with him upon thin, ihut telling him I supposed those papers, to be designed to be sent into Engl. If So, that there were some passages in themi iit lit to pass withot ii aintidote: that I could not hind myself from making some remarks upon them. I lit that I were for plain dealing. Soinethiiig of a corrective I told him, I miuist bestow upon them, but that my corrective itself should before it cross'd the water be submitted to his correction, which accordingly I now do, & lay it at his mercy. But as his papers are designed for EngI', lie must not think it hard i: nine attend them. As for Replications or Rejoinders mere, it wvill be to iii purpose & theretfOre I resolve to avoid tlmin, he cannot but say that I dial fairly with him & that thire are no cla Itiestin IlItliods. I givc himi all lie alvalUvage I call, that i;, his iavin' the libwriy of civin lhe liat word; no siiall ilviitai,, in such ciil asi s lt'sc, & of whichltt no m1an bIttr kiii in' i i i ai k hi, In I am s tilsilli of thu liii id I I-run i tl lit h HnIun I mtay iicur. 11hit I rXI r t the uviut with mriat u iiioiiiIi'st 1' haviit a s iry coiui1t hl t 1i' iiurXiC0 thtat timli \vill clrear 111 all th tn ' & inta wholly 1;11W fill' yct itt lrast Y1meWhVat iitiaitki di' sit rity I the ci iisuri t nWC ii lor Ire inter. I tius ot il i (,he kcit c i hi li, I Il Ii i '' it iy'iIt iii Iiii place', Iii hIp I, IY)Iw li t toi ititmilikrl iy i tll it I p Irhii, sI. whI tt ic I4 1 i I'i i lyI. I hi( it 1 h cit I 11v. irto a ly k I i I t I -Iil l I w it i1 a1 t I liii ii funhi r ill It a t iut Isw iiitiiinitty iii it n our: I It lI ai i 1 i i o aro P, I an a 1 1el i ll i' lcaccr &- linionl A lly manIl c'n hr, bul I'M* P4114,1 11Pon k'ý- 11 upon honoral() ell to ' -1 Sii S )I i, ly th rniviii lik i ti I a rithi 'at. I l on iir \Ii is 1I rout I I I Icla;Ir( i t to Illy oq'inionl, thlat ilh( ChI aI ge I us I e In I I!,t Cown, sidh., 1unlecs" NP. Conle INltir ("All cW1nunanld hisi iltlnatr 1),1 1rn him6 wiy f to a rcsollution of ccasilng", I'm ilh( tinwl( to ConIW to() mutCh 1() p-sinv l(u upon 011r SiiiiiCitV & Unaiirthii'iiiliss & Iay amitt inty his '.vra 'im, hum also (uttich is muorh provokinstg), his in;inuitatiiitt & iNiiiii oiiig imiutittistS & to deal wintit Lis, in a tior plaiii, opisii n & ldircit miutu rlt, thati hitthteito le has li lle, but above all, tintss t eim canii find out thit Im mam ni,; of placings its ill hittir tirins, witt our most Ri (i rcitd & I lomtor'd I )ioc1sian; iiiir wmclliii we vice too griat 1705.1 178 a veneration to be able to bear the thoughts of our lying under his dispsleasure, without the Greatest pain & uneasiness. Tll this can be d]one, we see little hopes of attaining_ to that stable & settled peasce & union, which we all of us so earnecstly cove~t. Ne( may lbe commanded silence, but that wvill be a patience per f.orce, whliich caninot but be both restless & brittle, lBut thiing,,s once settled on such a bottom, I doubt not but that we shall be, found for the future as duitifuil & peccabll sonls to our Spirinial lather, &- as contentedly acquies-cing in his~ disposals as we niay have hitherto been repre~seiitel 1by contrary dlisjiositions. As- for iny use of the pilural number, I have beftire declared that I onl now siale one;wh~at I now (10 is not by tliu- advice~ or instiitttoit oiii with theIc nwe' or pirixity of anly person whiatso( x r & thu oh ir-e I 'xloiie 't-i insxx ii bl Ior it. lliit I canl Ire-tend ti) lexV( tltit Knoxx It le & I ISC ENurienee (if the i (st of imy Brethren as to lie able to says thit I contsk nthy Iii sii11i( slitak the- commnon sen-se of all of us., I mutst ci iv tr. tomW pSi(lou for my Ii ix in 1wr so diilatory ill sending, him these 1t~i1ers, &~ ft -irvii them in 1)t Ii Itols wxhic I., min ox'in palrtly to the interruptions 1 ltv nix t wxitli &S prlty to the \%xcail m s i if Ily Il[Iner 11s, xxhichi makes, the(. xxnx'1itow, tm outi ta't lentith ('i1cidinti tedious to iii & I were now under 'in o)hhigaiuon of nott itakitig use ()oal to menu eulsis, which oust also apolo, use, for thluiiix m it -in ss of' mly Wrtiitg, theot"i, limrs &, 1 )efaclicemets of i1,1N, on f, ihet1e mt s)t of tlumIl liaxitil'. liii it'w hIrst 'i-tlel( leauishits &I not 1Is-nt" inl ai (. ' ci''v, xxithoiit ilie ei11iii if iii vt titlit' tmita cotild Is sp~irlt itt ti u,ýcist I Ptih 1it1 Antil thins 11 list tave I (ihtit liii this bit' &, I ltt)]tt Ir'M-t &' all, 1 111n ltri'l\vi's itt\(1 this ttliihiihhiv ('iteiitt &v tie1I 0 di )vi. I htisibtiti, thanl mly Mwit IV,`ix'Ii'it ti it, to k''1t litie ruin teltlh(ing insy I'it hi I iit I t'aiiiitit.~ I'.i ilil'i, lmit 1Ii Ito(Lv it toiht Illiy ri'csci'tt Itt'tthiiit whlith (oil i1leivir Iii. frim so I Iwo i--ssitV (If 'cvcr breaking-), thiti this sha ll li th Lilist timle, I'll wrlite tin ibhis iirtI'lfIt sulijer-t. SOLMO NVl)1 I lATE'LY. WILLA i I~xt& lSi, s MA tý Gi-1.1161 IN VIRGIlNIA, II, 1705-. TOTlt-it RtAvt NIt. CoMMist SAxi BLAIt.xt These remarks of Mr. WThately upon N11. Consy" axcit, &c., tho' dated Sept. 2 1,1 1705, Yet thle major part of thetm was sent to Itiosl Oit 'IL'uesday Morrng, 179 [1704. Sept. i8, tho' by reason of some interruption which M'. Whately met with, the remaintlder followed not, till Fridlay the 21, early in the morning. So that M'. Whately gave M'. Comy all the time, which (under the circumstances mentioned in the close of those papers) he was able to do before the going off of the Fleet for Engl". 'Thltt neijor part of the Papers Sent to M'. Comy on 'l'uesday the 19'", went as far as to the Paragraph after the ID)ialogue A. B. ending at the word '"deplends;" The remainder followed Sep'. 21, early in the morning; Gov' Nicholson left not Williamsburgh till Sept. 27, at the same time leaving the Commodlore himself higher up in the country, which gave r'. Comy yet farther time, before the going out of the fleet. So that he cannot pretend surprize or want of leisure. A BALLAD, ADoDRsstED10 To nE REV' MIEVtNItEs tW tl1e CONVOCALION HELD) AT MAN'S ORDINARY, AT!VILLL4ZAIS/URf(II & VIRGL VIA, To D/ OV' Ni'n Gov/ Ao/ioson & JIrm atn Accusalion Againstl COMMISSARY BLAIR. Itluss ss what disiiti tinis are these, What stars arL in tt njunction Whei Prict, turn SiC OIhAll to please, Anid Ilair braitl Iassio to ai asc, Dare tstititute their Functiott. Sure all tlhe irit s Imu1t ctttt bine, To Sway the Coiytm( t(lts Whet0 17 Clargyimen si iuti join, ithout one word of lProof to Sign, So fallse an accusation. 1704.] 180 Or rather some for interest, (') Aril hopes of next preferment, By false pretences finely dress'd, Slyly inimposed tipon the rest, 'To sign on their averment. (5) First Whatley (") heads the Reev Tribe, Amongst the Chiefest Actors, A Tlool no Ilencil can describe, Who sells his conscience for a bribe, And slights his benefactors. Sober & Meck tunder disgrace, As letter late dcservinig, Now he's advanc'd, hei soaks his face, Anl spurns at those that wrought his peace, Awld kept the rogue from starving. lPortlo k (') te Coqllueen (of thle Age, Ieseervs the Secolnl Station, A Douiley (lerk & R(v Sage, Who tltrns Iis IPulpit to a stge, Allt banIiters re forina Itlol Rude to his wll, falst to his friend, A r mlown ill 4 ill vvisato o A\hIo riathcr, dhat hie'd 6v confined, Tohld r to In. jus~t or kilnd, Would i is own 11111 atio. 11,1C0b { ) 'lIlS xt, les t sturdY Swaitr,. Irrlitg tnilpit Iwo tor, A Pevctier oft I Ilghi lPetcs I, vaill, T1h1t Sletelld writ r 1n tIrs 1t & strain, To flatter hIi Protector, slt abndirnle to I II Paunti, Prophlane withiolt temptation, Whtr, It1mtes of jealousy (') to quench Creeps itt a Corner with his wench, And mtakes retaliation. 181 [1704. Then in comes Ware with fudling school, Well warim'd & fit for action, A mongrell, party color'd, tool, Equtally mix'd of Knave & fool, By Nature prone to Faction. Faint hearted Smith like AEsop's bat, IBoth uirds & Beasts reject him, With his blue vest & Cock'dl utip hat, He signed & threatened God knows what, Iut now pleadls non est fac/um. These few accomplislhedt Sparks we're told, Were chlief at tht convention, Where innoence was basely sold, And Guilt & Inflom0y grown i lolid, Laid Grounid work for Contention. The Taavern was thie place they chose, 'To hlol their consltation, Where each ise Idrcok a listy dose, His Stupill Cisoxcoisbe to dispose, 'To fOriim tihe acuiisticii. Goodl Store of Iristol Iccer & Stout, ly liasts it is,expdc iieid, Tlie (Glas's wint imerrily about, Soiiie Sulig & oietrs scicWire & fuigltllt,.And so tihe lArce wacis iendld. illet stati i hIs Ii tfic onlrers smiik, A hciywhr Now wiiuSIsot feter tllwi iis Ie Iitiuk, Anti fight & swear & kciu a iiink, And laugh at deprivatioi, Nurtes.-(a) Gova Nicholion prutisci Seeerl t of thvi theii Coimisiary should be turned out & they in his iphle. (b) Somiie were new comllerý, "v. woum faiin ha:,.ve come,o1' Iy th.at Pretenc, bot were not suffered. (c) ttWhen ie wase i attirnteuh ~ aiioe'ti'y le Guco& Vuet sulv eit to Preach, & without a penony of Money to Support him, rit. BI. i. & i, it. tereiIY, wilh some frien,cl '4 icu s, gave hil, ~30. (d) lI preacheu a Sermion agaiinit woneiu, upot the Serpenit'i beguiling Eve, Wheriin he laid out his wife, to 1705.1 182 the beel akal cage, for hanging Iici Cat, called Alice, wheom he more dearly lovnd, lie is his own llrewcc, Klcker. BILacuhc & CI-k (e i lW.Plph 4, I ll iec, ma lv,c t e nane frome apublic Svc,, weriein lice ecp,eteG v 9ci i~c part S comnjivirecl Cl:0 tof~lie llcuii-cc aryi thlie cet to eoic (f the Acccclcly, Nlcecccwouldnot jeielill tci~leG Vmfclatering (f ) iihllc tc(c c iic gi. dikiccg, dc li, leMIC IkWife Sit, 'Aiii him, ainngt fce mcen h,ifc'peh sterae LIN'ccN PiiiiCcl III t1IV Ycli 1704. ALUNCHOLSON to (EXTRACT.) VlikoINlA, Mar., 1 04 HOW;" Sm,1 5 1 shouI~ldi he guiilty of that worst of crimes, Ingratitulde, if I did lnlt acknolVedlge thie. imany undeserved favors & kindhiesses which you have h eno pleased tldo (kle IIIC eciJall of late, coiicerniili the afla.irss of my accilsatiol, 8&C., &S I am extraordlinarily obhlige(-d to you for your letter of the 23111 of - l at atic-.ularly for your tillili & whoilest me aidvice thevrein. I'dAy, hi., few\ 111111l have been1 sit used as I have beeni, b y a harcol If M ack Coats, &lý I have all the reason in the world to be aware (di lie Hi'd 45111O Ll(lInIIis CilnlnIII ".arit-i, & iif u-u1 that their 1111it, 111, ill ilnlillcylla-hN.i5 S hll-litwt \611 Hll I fi1111.i; yeit I P. lBray til i~i all Imlli,;l-te ii1.1in thanl P lair, for lit- iiily talkd 1Altlsc-ly, Sillllllcly & iialiciowlll.h (t Iii writ Siu-h Ilcuifrs 11(t (INii, Shirll thlili huhl llWiIil k', llil(' ivals, blit 1111 my irlly tlfl'if1clif inlijilaifk'l \611di1 ' ll t)l111(I'rs, &ck., I if(d whiicther Own i M iV iii I(), &' die otlicr;11,i).b In~ t wi Ih Alt' Iby whm111 voul thinlk fit, ti -o~ liv111 11 i Iw i allit it, 1 luutipt l ih t ii ii I now iii ilil iill hei ski tficiiilit, iti cli ilic 1 *1 t liii iii y l viitill icl lnit indif i Ii lit pirsoins, thu \\ hat Bhlair liitl swvorni i aii 1c, is lilt (IIhI\ ouit iiithe edi lilivcteratl aic revenge,-c but that lie hu ii cii f i him-ii slinagreat many things as will ap pear 1)t)eo, li 1,ctstli(115 &c, 183 183[ [7o6. L ETTE R to A4B' TE NNISON from JA1P B LAIR. XVILLIAMSIIURGII IN VIRGINIA, Se-pt 21", 1706. MAY' IT PLEASE, YuR GRACE, Teloss of our good Governour who (lyCd l tre of a Fever the 23"' Aug' has puit this poor Country inl a great consternation. He was of a vcerv calm healing Lreinpier and an excellent Instrument in miaking ilI) the divisions witich were very hlot at his Comin(ing. The short experiment we have had of his Govermnent, has convinced us,-, that a Governour of mnoderation & ~lemper suits biest with this country. This is not mny 01pinion only', hut the enceral opinion of" all men of any) sense amiong u s. Lniclos'd I 'end( your (;race a copy of a Le'tter written to the Council of Trade onl occasion of the Goveriiutr's (leatl anil unallnimously sig,1ned by the Presid Sc Couincil upotn whom byv a claiuse in the Gove'rn"' Coimiiission, after his dleathi thle goemtttof this Countiny devil ses from which vonur (Grace will percivie how'seiisil te they arc ()f this T1,ruth, espiecially uniler the(- lresctitt circumstances. 'I'lte Ceoincnil ()t Trade, if they el serve the hecartiness of the Con litiry itl raising- a Funod (If 300 ullii s to kluill thn' Guvernour's hiouse' aii illth seVei'al1 iiiijnuXutnts they leasve mulec ill lii Majes Re(vi'iiii, will. 1,1id they.N have iniths tlliimc,,S inure sens)ih ileleon. sti'.itioiis if that, 'Iruthi, Tlii h'lmq upimmi's I lace hadl to hue' ao' tiiclnu'u wiih ymoir ( iicu''' miuulci'mtien make'' tue 1 mqs', as; it lyes itl vmour mut', yinI tWill iiilo'u'lt'cd wuitht hcr' Maj'11 toe cu(immliti tht (;(eeeit'tnuilt (d thliS ulum to a 1 jui'I'' ()f;I Whalti I wmile ini It'l test1 llail' ii ut liuimluy oh1t'u' to your. Grae'e's (1"d k i l i i I tk i 'v(II. i e'i, I lu w.1l'ilul, 'Ie it A 0' II 1i Iel (i r ( lle'IIpe' II I\ c Ir Ii A..5 I-I \vii III Ik v(Il I rul reiu I c~ will get tiIvn IIe Iii I'l'tily rIeeiitieeee Ie Iit tx t v0-1 es'ie'iel W ItiuicV r lie is auth. IIv lie r \l ýIijity' tie Ii Ii.\'iuld11v ifthis ceuuuti i-v, In which if' ter Mat\ wueitildgv'i 'ictittllli of1110 li)stolee'it iciuý i oet eet thte' grewitigý hut wcilts eef this.eim~nt'y', it wuildi a( %- terat way itt inttdiie'i tu the Ceenittry tee doe tIme! rest, t Ilt tie( tt,ewallttlitt thte ke'vuimtes i(4 the Ce lIeg wttp- t t1Se Il tie gee ilt eai tig Saa i',Imics ate saveul tie r retlisitig a1 hut1 telte htelje to rebutild it, I liave freely' peaitcd witht ity) salary fi(r lthtl tes, tltoutglt I IO76.1 T84 had an undoubted Title to it, being named President under the Great Seal of England and that during my natural Life. If your Grace knows any thing wherein I can he further serviceable to that good work either by holding or (quitting my place in it, tihe least intimation of your opinion shall readily be complied with by, May it please your Grace, Your most Obedient Servant, JAMES BLAIR. D'. Le JAU to thie SECRETARY. A Bo.xi )E G' eenwie, in James River ini \'irgiiia, Sep' 9, 170(. StH, After ten weeks' time since we Itft I'iy1o1(th we a5;lly rrived here, 1and1 had thro' Col1's mercy a pleasant Pllssgi ii liln et wit \\,ill hao.l Accid nt and all our ship's coumpn1)' ill health;l we lost hut lien hit flisw 1 m tnhllmths. \VWe camV her ill the sickly timei (it'e yi t whercin 111V l"10 111" aM10" new\V Colurs, ltll' sionilild I v thl Suiltry wtis iV lid lv\lry holy faint (ov' Nut dye oI II ti 11i I lIt r, % 11-1 lit lti t ii '-I I \ muI, I II l tl t ttll his 111 N1 l i 1Itvid a t1111 i l i t lit iiilI I Is i I k I i t to t I V II I il I is vari kifl N ilitecd I I i vN acV. a nd ii N 11111 ii tiNti ah rinc Ill tat 1111 me i ly aIlt hiis I iti (I I wlii I waS l O hApii ai to Nimtate his to l go l ht tile lace iliIl FlockI he ihi i i h a few a ffys. tliions aI Slill st )iilger W; w(Ill w; hIk ()wn lwt Jill" I h 141hml no Ippw t [tit\' to) ý() \'t to W illiamlls watofMnitrsi tee atsml nMitnd h Matherla iVi W1 that ckam sw;1",( a I hnm i u sm all i hai n'pwwi tl 1.Thms Mid the res-t tal our hrvthict-ci wcrv wit ac dill 11w mhhi(le 0' 1&,t Month, l:til Oisclar~gud from thc SCerViCý of thik ýhi lla d init('1d With 1od' Blssinlg to go to the placc whcrc I aml sellt ill a ICw da\.s. Theren is a ".loop bound 185 [1707 - that way wherein I11 take my passage )but the fleet Must sail first because of an Embargo. I hear from some Carolina Gentlemen that are bound for England that the Clergy will find much satisfaction in that Colony where the Inhahitants of' the Caribhee Island flock apace. I pray to Almighlty God we may find the People well disposed and yt the Spirit of Jesus Christ may reign in that part of the world where I urn afraid MainmIon has hitherto got too many worshipers. I humbly assure I is grace the President of the IHonik Society and mx Lord of London of my respects and Obediance and crave their Blessing and the Continuation of their fhaonr. I beg the Charitable help of the prayers of the IHlon0 Members of the Society whom I lunobly Salute and pray to Almighty God to preserve. I will not fail after my Arrival in Carolina to let you know tlw Condition of things according to the instructions given to mie. I heartily Recommend you to the Divine Providence and am, with due Respect, Sir, Your obliged Servant, FRANCIS Lc JAU. Al". IKT'/LLAtCEJ to DI. II'OOI)JFAl? ID. Its iA, IAi, \1i V 707. ltrvc nsro Situ, Iavi tiig this oppour tlunity by I!. I lolland I ca nii ot miit tI axy my lije ruTSu s &, harIlks fir your pious mdviii &' irrciinns, I inimikid Illy iv lf a wvcklxy rr'lijioiis iwitin' litfirre this iei but h it no t \ith vtry.1trang imp-dinlww; too ttdioi s to ''lart (f) which l1, I lolland \till inlfrrIri yii. I nrni'lr wiilr im y dihlicultir's ill h is'hr'r of 0 imy dlity & flcrit twirh grilt 'iris hy ncr'aihiirig liw mwnI, 0('ln'i 'gri licifh mmve I ",a\y nIiatr'iis (vc'sitr ii m n) twtimnr tr miuirst lrrm orm om r r11 1 hI r. i fll)lik If If l) it inill ifrinri this rImly' premn'rci' iici s ni u )i jn m.11 r, &(", 'l'lm'r'n aniilr i kni hut5' mit - ist inl Vir)iria & ot abovc I-n I hrt' r 5 i lrm dr; thfl l I 1 t 'i do il vii livim','ný dulrinig' t llne p ''asiir r of tilli vetstr'y, tvlrich caln, t% lici thl y Ira'', tini is nut without assitining r'c'ns fo sir ruig. I wisn tme I li'' Sorinny woubl take 17110.1 186 it into their serious consideration & redress this just grievance but this wt submission. I beg your favor in procuring some practical discourses against ilinloralitys very usefuill among us & Your prayers for a blessing on my ministry in this corner of the world. I take leave to subscribe myself, Revd Sir, Yours, &c., j. WALLACE. Afl. BLACK to the LORD BISHOP' of LONDON. (FXTR.T iT) A lAtINIC til the Eastlern Shore of the Coloity ()f Virginia, Nliarch S, 177. Mr Lo n, I wrote to you cLIordship from Annapolis of the date of 1i6' or 20"' Of June, 1700 & oit(ia intC your Lortdship that I tas nicissitat' to r'emom e from Sussex County in nosy lvaih itlirylarld. A little;Jter I sias illvist 1 by the Viestry td Accoillac Pariii n t die Iasternt Shore il dihe Co ilty of Virilnia to OtI i'ate there whore I now am. I was diirecte] by that \.1try to waxt upo11 lhe PI rusideiit and yonr Lordship's Commissary, NV1. Blair, wihidh I did and was civilly accejpted tt of themll. This Parish, ftr allout 9s yc'ars having boci dostitutn o tf a Ministor, that I might he the mitre oncotiaod to stay, addircssod tlit: PrI sidont that I iiighit 1w, iihducted into the said ri-l whicili lic ranttd so that I ult to 1)to indutetd into this Olurichl i d lt ' ', ()1 11ii, iill\0t. I humbll v hotg that yvm Lor, i would kci pls(ethd to lchtnItl iin lt ill tilie Ci i oif 1 lP'ticili Mshir wt' I Ior li l ve liti: tls 1f61 h f kkild my tlliwilic' fromiii lith' Mticity by h1 1.g forid III 'till thriicte, If yt or L1. hllip thitik it to O i ir i luck lt aiil ttt Sies, I dhall have ttitthlinlt it t1() d it'il itjtpoll, stt that lily cilr i-CIim IitA CS \\ill It sO 5IV''-tSi that contrary to mv inclillatiolls I shall be ttc'rtssitate to rttiicii folr ic 1t lBritaiii that yttiir p).Il tti shlip may Ittit con. tiliut ill lilt, & italth to 1h1 wihidro of the ct'hirichis at l l & itad is the praye ofMay it picaW your lmrduihip, Ymlur Lord.hifp's most (11161,1l Soil & I lumhble Servant, W" HLACK. 187 [L71 1. LETTER from CQ. SPOTSWOOD, Lieu'. Gov'. of Virginia, dated the 1 5" of Octr I 711 giving an account of a massacre, committed bd the Tuscuraro Indians, on a great many of the Palatines in North Carolina-of the disobedience of the kQ.ealers in Virginia, ani of 2 vacancies in the council thcre. V\IttNtIA, OCt. 15, 17 1. lMl Lu sts, After what I writ to your Lordships the 28' of Juily last of tile socci ss of mily endh miVtrs il qiuietiig the commttions in N. Carolina, I was in hopes I shouhl not have had occasion to trotihie your lordships again with the affairs of that 0unlhappy counltry; Hut moIre disittal & u flexpectell acciclent happening there lately, I think it illy duty to give your Lordships the followiig accocItit of it together with many prlcesdings thlreuio. (In the 22' of tle last Itionth, Sonic towns of tlti Tuscuraro Indliants, itt(l othcr nations borderiwrg m Carolina made an incursion uplo the htal of Neutse & I Pamiptico Rivers in that Province. without any Previous cleclatation of war or sltew of Discont tent, & lavitg divi teltmselveS into parlies at Slot rise (which was their Signal), begli n a ibarbarouis massacre, In the inhabitants of the frontier plantations, killing without distinction of age (cr sex abcout 6o EtglisI & 6,upwards If that number cif Swiss 1n1 laities, bdsiles a great mitany lift danclgerolsh' wicnded. The Haroti de G(rafliiricsd, Chief of the Swiss aild PIalatitue selulentents tltere, is also fallet into their hautis and carried away Prisotter sitnre whti li thlu have cottiniccucl tlteil' rcva.pes itt Hunin, ltost l'laliltatiotis & cctlte dt ', cescited Icy Il inha itaicts, lor Iatr f ( Ih f ki icelties, Thl orertoi, NI', I lyde, h1It cisa ( whIl t ttct lie coltt to Opicsi the ft tilther ii'vasict of' thc I lcatltctt & 11 t Ict tho r(.t (cf lic c ililtry, htt that spirit if dcisoblc licic to which th y havt cb IwII tiIcCIstoiit, still prctalIs so iiti'ch that Ite calt li4iiclly pccistcilc tlhti ti i ucit lft t ltcir cuttttion Sif ty. I will 11u mt it fI c1 t.t c int titati ( gi-ci ill cs sat'l(is sI Ili ticIIc au Icy c l s I v 'a y: his party to cit ccff thlicr fillc s)\ ctIll s It htc hat cc c vy cliigi i proI I hy divirs tisticocc)tics & firitily Icilicvyc( it i arc ciina 1, has wcen It fi l y l ccc i, this tragicly. Yt it alpcars very rcascitbcclto bcclivc that the In cian 1711.1 189 have lieci greatly encouraged in this attempt, by the unnatural divisions &animosities Citinong the inhabitants and I very nmtch fear their mutinouis & Cowardly behaviour inl some late skirmishes, will embolden the Indians to continuti their ls ltes Lits N tile I" advice' Of this unh1appy)N event, I senlt out dectachiments of our militia to prevent our I rilmiary ltndiatns from joitling wcith those, savages, & understanding that the gr-ater hart of tile Itscittiroes had refuised to be coltcorned with tile rest of thecir nation in this bloody execution, I have senlt to them and the. a)lt r ne~igld"Iouriig Indians to meet mne text vceek on ottr frotitiers inl order to a trecaty. And as tile)' standIll Sin I some - aeOf this gove~rnIlent, both fromtit le oianion they, have of ottr stl'enigti &S their apprehensions (If' tlte hiss i)f litr trade upon a ruptore, I lope at this cmi lettuce to work so far till flteir fears adintohlirests as at least to preserve tleicir friendship, if' tot to1 fli-.ISSItaMICC or01 e destrttctiotn of tihose assaussitli' hrei vr little temitation for any timan to enter uptotan -Itidiatn war nor mttch hiotitr ti) hi:. golt b I toeltiit,vI tel lif a it sijile more like swild Ias~tsls; than non. hut if' war lie the-. titly tilt -tis left its. Cti xien re het' Majesty's, ut'oil 8i- &ri't't'itttis from thelit:I;uhe.1Li'l I ion't ill iht but1 our assent1thy' (swiicit Is to itutt th1(;tt ofth te(xt titotuitl), still take stcit recstlittittlss v Itente ilt-t to provide. t,1'I tlte, iffeetitlal ii itttiit i it, tilt whttiucit't'air 1 ttim' ''.itt ito' lilttilrI to 1110 Itntiats, I titlist ittit ymitii fttiNtlle Liit'dehitis lhi Ililt mON li (diso this (tmtiltry 1(11 att t1fl'itsici ot lIt fct Is-isC Witir. ()ut' mtiiitiaut i ar Iittuttutemr swioltly ilestitiltle. if hllilt it 111111tlt alI its ill proividid swithiial'Ills tha t arc 1 useful, intl untless licl. maje lit i lt be t iie c lto seth1l ill it supiply id Bioth toi lye rtcniy uI";ijist WlCIC'tuteretir, I ft ita I "hit ni ot lie able tom siustathins am tissidi rabie attack of Uposn tlii' ipp i lit 0th i sti tail this suttittuitr o f thet I rt'uiit stipuadroni (wh'icii:ih isid i tist b(' nmvi \\'iht st h1itiitsi, I itoh(. a sihift lii ist'c.j tirtLs, & ofi 0111'iii, li(t hit fiitiii at tlit 11TIs.. iisuitII I thiiti;1it eitiie j)lI' tutt~i, iauiisautl or Otl sitihi~ pice of ( )rhi~iutci-, tutt)ititittil hr-li ii' itit tuc sciut 'ii' g iis't'tuteit. I CICt-udi:s-i'ui to tttuk' oItti. last assci ittly S1stist)Iti if' ii: nItki-t ()i-iituiuiitt if thteit' diii c)iitl-,ih-atitii [it mv-tf v(-ltI.si I liotnit itt t-itt lto 'itivi ill the it1t1itt sitili' a it h tuir lair, tttuth f i. tlt, (IOftlitu if tilt' ci ltuittr ini tittit's if 189 D171 1. Danger and by virtue of that L.aw, I have carried onl the. above mentioned wvorks during the Late alarm, notwithstanding I have been mightily etinbarrassed, by) a set of Qoakers who broach doctrines so monstrous as their Brethren in Elngi' have never owned, inor itideed can he suffered inl ally government.TIhey have not only ref used to wvork themselves or suiffer any of their servants to lie emiploy'd in the fortifications bot af-firm that that their consciences will not permit them to contribuite in any manner of way to the defence of the country even so much as trusting the government for pirovisions to suplplort those that (It) work, tho' at the samec time- they say, that being obliged by thecir religion to feed their enemies, if the French should comne hither and w'ant pr-ovssons they miust in conscience stipply them. As thi'-opinion of thecirs is quite different from thecir practice iii Carolina when thecy were the mnost active in taking arms to lull dlown~ that Gomvernmnint (thou they nowv fly agaiin to the p~retence of conscience to be excused from assisting ag~ainst the Indians), I have thought it necessary to putt the Laws of this country in execution ag~ainst that sect of People wvhich emipowvers mle to emiploy all PerSolis ats I shall see fit, for the def'ence of the Country in timles of" I )ange.,r, and imj loses fines" (S penalties onl thieir disolbedience; I douht nlot, they will sufficien.Itl\ exchain ag-ainlst mec, in this oiccasioni, anl le~rlils their hreihren in E.ngýland whIo keep a joint stock (as 'tis said), tio hpiiwclite the( qilairi'h' of all that sect, itlay thiiik fit toi attack mne. hut I an11 Iersuladcel I shail l iit ion'll ill' Soveri-cigm's lisoleaso re, so long as I act hy) the rulle, of' Law'; andl it's a solluat~cy necessary to (discouirage such dange' "rous ohpi nio~ns, its could render the safeoty of thec ( overnunent precariouis. Sinclev ery one that is eithecr lazy or ci inarlly, would make use of' the plretenc~e of' contscielice to excuse Iiiniself f'n an workin' or w~hi g hen therec is g~reatest neil of hlis se-rvice, and 1 fear the, (uakem's AS siiiinl as I \vas i11lfi-1i'd iif' this fattal acci'iii'it ill Carohiula, I hirihiihiitei all traide 'ruml thtis tiiiiitn'' \i60i the( Itdkialls, tinii hin they \v'ire hi 'iti(r JIIlil Avith mmmnnlulitionl thin wve MiiIse('es, andilhall the gilserninent of' Canirihua litille the( sautec stills Adi'l' this Coiintry t1ail a ilispilte, \%ithi those ci' I(-r u1(iihians al 1i 11(1t ihudr cmnuilmlitui'I here s1111 yi'ais iaii it i5 'ely' prhal Ihey' i11ig, ~ll haciv 1wi nliiii catolt i (Ifdf i ~ lainy ol f' lu-i Maji-sty'S plhaita'1 r''Iiv'- hc'1 nut(;iiii if-111. lol ii'cr Sliit aild (thou' Ni'iissariis, uiut'\ith'tatiih 1712.] Igo ing the rlepresenltations of this Government, made them believe we were under distinct sov0reigns, as well as governors & that we would no more assist Carolina than they us. I have also( sent to diemand the releasement of the Iaron of Gra icknried, who by our advices was still alive, but sutpposed only reservetd for a inure solemn execlition, to be tomahawke' and /io/ur-ed at their first public war dances. tT)pon perusing the roughi draughts of my letters to your ILordships, I fear there is omllitt dl in flthe transcribing, a recommendation I intended to make to your ILordslhip s soe timne ago of Col. W'ill" Fitzhuiighs to be added to the Council. I e is a gentleioan of a plentifuil estate, of good interest in his Country & ofl principlels entirely: Loyal, so far as I have bwen ablet to discover of him. This ( eitleitan being fadlded & Col. hassett restored, according to my former request, will tor the present comiplete the number of the Council and give nime some more time to consider of propecr lpersons for supplying future vacancies which I assure your Lordships is a matter of sonie dilfficulty amniong the little choice the Country atfords. If your ILordsihips think fit to recommend NI'. Fitzhughs to her Majesty there is one \P. Richard Lee, tmerchaniit in ILondon wl(ho is his brother-in-Law), will take out his warrant. I am with all due respect, My Lords, Your Lordships most dutifil & most obd< I fumble servant, A. SIPOTS\\OOD. AP". HALL to M". TAYLOR, Secretary' of/t/c Venerable Society. FeiAtusM, Oct' 10i', 1712. Smig My Lordl of London who, I thank (;God, is muich better and in a fhir way of recovery, hathi lately received a letter from NP. \Villiai (Glein, minister of S' Peter's Parish, CGreaL Choptank, in Virginia, wherein ihe acquaints Ihis Lord 191 [17L2. ship that when he applied to the Society for books he was told there was a Library there already. This he hath found to be a mistake and an unhappy one for him because he hath been all this while without books by reason of the low price of tobacco upon which he barely subsists, and is without hopes of ever having money to purchase any in England. He begs therefore that the Society would furnish him with some and amongst others with some good commentations upon the Scriptures. My Lord desires you would lay this before the Society. I am, Sir, Your very humble Serv', W. HALL. EXTRACT out of Col. Spotswood's Letter to the Bishop of London. MAY 8t, 1712. Though I could not prevail with our Assembly to settle a fund for the education of Indian Children at the College according to the project mentioned in my last, yet I have not for that reason slackened my endeavours for the conversion of that people. There are now fourteen Indian Children at the Chapel and I speedily expect six more from our neighbouring Nations. I hope this design will meet with encouragement both from the Society for propagating the Gospel and from the Nobility and Gentry of England who cannot, in my opinion, employ their Charity to better purpose than by laying such a foundation for bringing a great many Souls to the Christian faith; and I doubt not your Lordship's interest therein not only in -egard to the College which will have a charge beyond their ability to support but out of your own pious disposition to works of this nature. 1712.1 192 The LORD BISHOP of LONDON to the Secretary of the Venerable Society. M". TAYv)R, It being my unhappiness that I can't attend the Society as I would very gladly do, I once again desire you to give my most humble Service and respects to them and acquaint them that it is my earnest request to them that they would take into their consideration anew what I represented to them from the Governor of Virginia because I do believe they have not any affair under their care that more naturally regards the trust of their commission when they consider that it is most properly for the propagation of the faith in foreign parts to bring up the Children of the Heathen in the knowledge of Christianity and to so fair an opportunity of bringing over their parents by building a Church amongst them at their own request. I should think we could not too greedily lay hold upon this occasion especially when it may be done at so easy an expence and therefore I hope they will not delay it so long as to refer it to Col. Nicholson to report on it when he arrives there since nothing more properly requires a speedy cure. I ami Your assured friend, H., LoNDON. I') 'a h S'~~.u ~.z 0':~A -. r ~g J r i d hrO 3 hO cr)O P1\0 LC~~t Is.3 3 Ct h n 3 c? cc -t h vn ~r cr CC.~3 cl L. brr. r? n cu ~ h, Ct -, r Cr). C1 CI CI r cp-;L n Z vi a r3 vr CI rr n vrr rr) cr c* r~ ~- n r)cr. rr -4; > > > > -- - -- -- - - - - - 0. A 195 JsAMV-S VEuVVES ET LhIlks INPANS. Lavenne SottiiI, Lave. Lorange. Lave. Gorry. Lave. lauinay. 5 Femnmes Veulves. ENVANS ORPHELINS. jean Fauve............... Estienne Mallet, Suzane Mallet, Marie Mallet,~ Isa~ac Gsorry, jean (hers, Anthoine Benin,........... 1P' Sobri('lic, Jeanne & Suzanne,) jean lucadon, Pierre Lucadon, Suzanne Irobert, Jeanne Inibert, FI5JS NVSANS. GARqONS. FuLL~S. I 4 [1 714. TOTAL, 3 10 3 3, 114I5APITLSI.ATION DtS TOUT, P- Page. 35 1 27 45 35 138 2'0 (1' 40 -30 34 25 129 71 5 79 ) 6o 267 Veuives ctI curs Enfhns..............5 1 4 10 Enfans (Irphelins 1 75 ~62 80 64 29 17 16.]19 196 Mr. GRIFFIN to the BISHOP Lf LOND)ON. CISITI'ANNA, JanIy 12, 1716. my lwueo, Being e)mploy'd by Col. Spotswood our Govy to instruct the Indian Children at this settlement, I thought it my dutty to address your Lordship with this, in which 1I humbly beg leave to inform you, what progress I have made in Carrying on this Charitable dlesign of our excellent Coy', Should I presume to give an account of the kind reception I met with at myl) arrival Ilere, from the Indian Queen, the Great inen & indeed from all the Iodians, with a constant continuance of their kindness & respect, & of the great sense thley, have of the good that is designed them by the G;ov'ernor in Sending iloe to live amongr them to teach their children, as also at the great expence he has been at & the many fatigues hie hath undergone by travelling hither in the heat of Summer, as well as in the midst of winter, to the great hazard of his health, to (ncourage &, promnote this most pious undertaking,.. should tfit exceed thle bounds of a letter & intrude too much upon your Lordship's time. I shall therefore decclinie this &, hunmbly replresent to your LordIship what improvemients the Pagran Children have inanle in the knowledgev of the Christian religion, which I Iprtoimise myself can't hut be very acceptable to you,, a pious Christian Blishop. We have here a 'ery handsome school built at the Charge of the fIndianl Colin1an)' inl which are at pretsentt tall:,itt -70 Itdian Children, & many others tromt fite Nvestert lnldiaits, who11 livec ut1ore thIta 400 Mlile's froml hencc, will be bfiought hithler in the spring to be put tinder my care in order to be instructed in the religion of the holy Jesus. The grcatest number of my scholars call say the belicl:1 the Lord's prayer, & ten Com1'1111d perfectly well, they kniow that there is hut one GodI & tlicy are able to tell tue ltows mainy pe'sons tlhere are in the (G;odlheatd & whtat each of thiosce lessitI.,s l persons have d(one fur thet. 'IThey know tow mnaity sacratents ('It1rist bath ordaillttem in Itis Church & for what endl te institutedA thICem, tltey)' I)Cehave thenielveM's revWerently at ouir (laily paycs & can ntake their responses, w%%hich was no little pleasure to their great & good bettefactor the Goy' as also to tIme Rev" Mt. Jn". Catrgill, M'r Attorney General & miiany other gemttletnen who attended him, in his pro 197 [1718. gress hither. Thus my Lord hath the Gov' (notwithstanding the many difficulties he labor'd under), happily laid the foundation of this great & good work of Civilizing & converting these poor Indians, who altho' they have liv'd many years amongst the professors of the best and most holy religion in the world, yet so little care has been taken to instruct them therein, that they still remain strangers to the covenant of grace & have not improved in any thing by their conversing with Christians, excepting vices to which before they were strangers, which is a very sad & melancholy reflection, but that God may crown with success this present undertaking, that thereby his kingdom may be enlarged by the sincere conversion of these poor heathen, I humbly recommend both it and myself to your Lordship's prayers & beg leave to subscribe myself with great duty, My Lord, your Lordship's most dutifil & most Obdt humble Servant, CHAs GRIFFIN. The Case of the Vestries of Virginia. Every Parish in Virginia did at its own proper expence found, build & endow its respective Church which used to give a right of patronage or presentation, For this reason the vestries, legally chosen by the Parishioners have ever since the first Settling of the Country presented t)heir own ministers & the Governor as ordinary might institute & induct them. Besides this custom & the reasonableness of it, the Vestries have had this right confirmed to them by act of assembly viz: the 4t' in the Printed book. It has happened sometimes indeed that some vestries in compliment to the Gov' have accepted of his recommendation of a minister but that was only mnattcr of civility & not of right. However the present Lieut. (;Gv' is not content to recommend only, but is pleas'd to cotmmalnd the vestries to take such ministers as he thinks fit, being persuaded hli has a right so to do. This right he founds upon a Clause in his commission from his Majesty, giving him a spowr of collating to vacant benefices, I lowever it is humbly conceived that no commission, can take away a right or repeal an act of assembly, especially since the words of the 1718.) 198 commission may be construed so, as to consist with Law & Justice. That is, that the Gov' nmay collate to vacant benefices in case of lapse. The Question therefore is:(Q.) Whether the Gov' by Virtue of his Commission, has power to collate to Vacant benefices, against the will of the Vestry. Notwithstanding, the Parish hath been at the charge of building & endowing the Church as well as paying the minister & notwithstanding the Act of Assembly above mentioned. (A.) If the Vestry had the right of presenting their minister as it seems to me by what is stated, in this case they plainly had, I am of opinion that the Commission mentioned in the case, will not give a power to the Coy' to Collate to vacant benefices against the will of the Vestry, & contrary to their right. Lincoln's Inn. ROBT RAYMOND. Nov' 17, 1718. 199 [17I 19. THE JOURNAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION HELD AT T1P COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY, IN THE CITY OF WILLIAMSBURGH, IN APRIL, 1719. AT A CONVENTION Of the Clergy of Virginia begun on Wednesday, the Eighth day of April, 1719 in the College of Wm' and Mary in the City of Williamsburgh: Mr. Commissary Blair called over a List of the Clergymen of this Colony, and the following members answered to their names: Mr. Sclater Mr. Guy Smith, Mr. Ralph liowker, Mr. Cargill, Mr. Ge(. Robertson, Mr. Monroe, Mr. Em' Jones, Mr. Bar. Yates, M'. W. Finney, Mr. Lewis Latane, MNr.homn Sharpe, M'. John Skaife, M'. Alcx' Scott, M'. John Worden, M'. len. Pownal,,M'. Win lrodie, Mr. John Bagge, Mr. Fran. Mylne, M'. Hugh Jones, M'. And. Tlihonison, Mr. IBrunskill, M'. Fountaine, Mr. Geo. Seagood, Mr. James Robertson, M'. James Falconar. 17 9.] 200 AeSENT: M'. Alexander Forbes, M'. John Prince, M'. James Tennant, out of y* Country, M'. John Bell, M'. D1an. Taylor, excus'd by Letter, M'. Giles Rainsford, M'. Sam. Bernard, sick, M'. James Breghin, Mr. James Cleck, sick, M'. John Span, Mr. Owen Jones, MW. William Black. THEN M'. Commissary Blair read two' Letters from the Lord Bishop of London our Diocesan, one to himself, and another to the Rev' the Clergy of Virginia, & recommended the Particulars of them, which Letters are as followeth, viz: TO THE REVEREND M". BLAIR, COMMISSARY OF VIRGINIA. DeAR BRuTHIjEX, You will find in the inclosed the reason I have for writing it, and will I doubt not agree in opinion with me, that it cannot but be useful to put the Clergy under you in mind of their duty, even tho' there should be no failing, much more if there be any. I therefore desire you to communicate this letter to them and to use all proper means to redress any deviations from our rule, considering that both you & I are to be answerable, if we neglect our duty in that part. I have wrote to the Governor, & intreated him to give you all proper countenance, and assistance in these matters. And am perswaded he will be ready so to do, upon any application you may have occasion to make to him. I should be glad to hear from you what vacant Churches are in your parts, to the end I may use my best endeavours to procure you a supply. I am, Sir, Fulham, Aug' 6hb, Your assured friend & Brother, 1718. J(OI. LONDON. TO THE REVERENID THE CLERGY OF VIRGINIA. REVER' BUK'HIKREN, It is always a joy to me to hear of the good success of your ministerial 201 [1718. labors, & no less a grief to hear of any defaults and irregularities among you; to which disadvantageous reports I am not forward to give credit, finding that wrong representations are frequently made. Some occasions have been given to apprehend there may have been faults & miscarriages in the life and conversation of some among you, which I trust are corrected; and that the Grace of God, and a sense of the duty you owe to him, his Church, and to your selves, will so rule in your hearts, as that I shall no more hear any thing to the disadvantage of any of you 11upon that head. Nevertheless I cannot but give you notice, that I have information of some irregularities, which if practiced, will need very much to be redress'd; and I cannot but hope, if such things there be, you will not be unwilling to do your part, as I think it my duty to do mine by this advertisement. Whether any ministers be settled among you, who have not a licence from my predecessour or my self, I must leave to the enquiry of your Govern', who is instructed in that case; and will (I believe) upon notice given be ready to act accordingly, as also in reference to institutions & inductions. At least I must hope, that by his care & yours, none will be suffered to officiate in the publick worship of God, or perform any ministerial offices of religion, but such only as are Episcopally ordain'd; and from all such I cannot but expect a regular conformity to the established liturgy, from which none of us can depart without violating that solemn promise, we made at our ordination. I have desired M\P. Commissary to communnicate this to you; and as I hope he will use all fitting earnestness, in pressing the observation of these things; so (I doubt not) he will be able to procure a redress of these or any other disorders in the worship of God, when the same shall come to his knowledge. I am, Rev" Brethren, Fulham, Aug' 6*, Y' affectionate Brother & assured Friend, 1718. JO I., LoNmsn. Then the Convention received a letter fromi the I lon""' the Governour, directed to the Clergy, which was read, and with it a copy of a letter from the Gov' to the Vestry of S' Ann's in Essex, which was read also. Which letters are as followeth, viz: REVEREtND GENT", You are now come hither at your Commissary's desire that he might have 1719.1] 202 the easier opport~unity to communicate to you a letter from your Right Reverend I )iocesan. And seeing his Lordship has been pleased to make mention of me in that letter, taking notice that I have instructions to act in reference to institutions & inductions, and that he must leave to my enquiry whether any ministers be settled among you, who have not a licence from himi or his pIredecessour;. an(d as his Lordship seems also to rely on my care as well as yours that none should be suffered1 to officiate in the publick worship of God, or perform any ininistvrial offices of religion, but such only as are I'piscoplly ord;ained; I ouiht not to he silent on this occasion; and thereupon must rlemark to you, that the very Iperson, whomn his Lordship expctx s shouild use all fitting(i earnestness in tpressing the observations of these things, is he, whomin I take to be the least observer thereof himself. For none more eminently, than M. Commissary Blair; sets at nought those instructions, which your D)iocesan leaves you to be guided by, with restpect to institutions & inductions; He denying by his practice, as well as discourses, that the King's oiv' Ihas the right to collate ministers to ecclesiastical benefices whin this Colony; for when the Church, lie now supplys became void by the death (iof the former incumbent, his solicitation for thie same was solely to the Vestry, without his ever making the least application to mnie for my collation, notwithstanding it was my own parisi Church; and I cannot but colmplain of his deserting tlhe cause of the Church in gen', and striving to put it on such a foot, as mlust deprive the Clergy of that reasonable security, which, I think, they ought to have with regard to their livings. As to the dlisorders in the worship of God, whliich are pointed at in the said letter, it appears as if my Lord of London knew not that his Commissary is more apt to comuntetance, thani redtress the same; for I my self have seen him present in the Cihurch, while a layman, his clerk, Ihas read the divine service to thile congregation, he hiniself vouchlsafing to lerforit no imore of his ministerial offlice than to pIronotincite the Absolution, preach, and dismlliss us with the blessing. I have also seen hin pIresent in tlhe clhurclh-yard, wltile the sante clerk has ierformn'd the uincral service at the grave. And I rememtber when hi; was fir huaving the chiuirchi tardens provide lay-readers, wlho shouldl on Suntdays roeal to their ctongrcgatiuons soite printed seritons; and so tihr ihe declar'd ill council his approlbation thereof, that such practice had like to have had the sanction of thei Government, hIad I not withstoodl it, as destructive of thile establishment of the Clhurch. 203 [1719. These and many other instances, that might be given, induce me to believe that a reformation of what has chiefly (as I apprehend) given occasion to your Diocesan's letter, will not be press'd very heartily upon you by your Commissary; especially if he made no such solemn promise at his ordination, as his Ldship reminds you all of; wherefore I judge it to. be the more incumbent upon the several members now in this Convention, diligently to enquire of the disorders which your Diocesan takes notice of, and earnestly to apply yourselves to proper means for redressing them. As to any faults and miscarriages in the life and conversation of some among you, which your I)iocesan likewise touches upon; I trust your Commissary will use all fitting earnestness in pressing the reformation of such manners, as may give offence, and bring scandal upon your holy profession; & I have so good an opinion of the present body of the Clergy that I do not in the least doubt of a very general concurrence to censure and admonish any one of your fraternity here, whom you shall know to have erred in either his doctrine or manners. For my part, I hope, after so many years experience of my conduct in this Government; there is little need to express, in words my disposition towards the Church; and I cannot suppose, that any one of you doubts of my real inclinations to support the interest thereof; or that I am otherwise than Rev' Cent", WImnburgh, April Your very affectionate Friend and y' 8th, 1719. assured Humble Servant, A. SPOT'SWOOD. TO THE VESTRY OF S' ANN'S IN ESSEX, SEPT" Y' 3", 1718. GENT", Tho' the hurry of publick business, wherein I was engaged, did not allow me time immediately to answer your letter of the first of August; yet I told M'. Short at his going hence on y* 5"' of that month, that you might expect my answer in a few days; and if he has done me justice, he has inform'd y)ou, that I advised your forbearing in the mean time, to run too rashly into the measures I perceiv'd you were inclining to; assuring hiim my intentions were to make you easy, if possible, in relation to )our minister, but whether that advice was imparted to you or not, it is plain by your proceeding of y" 8t1 1 7 19.] 204 of the same month, that you resolved not to accept of it, seeing you immediately discarded M'. Bagge, & sent down M'. Rainsford with a pretended presentation for induction. As soon as that came to my hands, I observed it expressly contradictory to a late opinion of the Council; whereby it is declared, that the right of supplying vacant benetices is claim'd by the King, and by his Majesty's commission given to the Governor; and for that reason I let Mr. Rainsford know, that before I could admit of such a presentation it was necessary for me to have likewise the advice of the Council thereon; but hot content to wait their resolution, I understand you. have taken upon you the power of induction, as well as that of presentation, by giving MY. Rainsford possession of the pulpit, and excluding the person I appointed to officiate; I have according to my promise taken the advice of the Council upon your pretended presentation, & here send it inclosed: by which you will find that Board clearly of opinion that I ought not to receive such presentationi,; so that if you are the patronls (as you suppose) you may, as soon as you please, bring a quare impedit, to try your title; and then it will appear, whether the King's clerk or yours has the most rightfull possession of the Church. In the mean time I think it necessary hereby to forewarn you to be cautious how you dispose of the profits of your parish; least you pay it in your own wrong. Should I end my letter here, it might be imagin'd, that I am as willing as you to keep up contention; but as I am rather desirous to prevail with you by reason, than to convince you at vour own expence, I think it necessary yet to exhort you to some just terms of accommodation; but I must tell you, that this is not to be accomplished by y' interposition of such faithless Deputies as M'. Short, your late messinger hither; for if upon his return, he reported, what I hdve seen attested under M'. Winston's hand, he ought to be excluded all humane conversation; for I do assure you, that no such discourse happened between Short & me, as he has related; neither did M'. Bagge ever sollicite me to turn out any one of your Vestry; nor did I ever receive such a proposal fromn any nan else, except M'. Rainsford; who in a letter last year did m portunte tilt to remove one of your Vestry, who lit' terms a Judas among the number of the twelve Bishops of SI Ann's,; but, lbecauts I never pretended to intertneddle in the choice or removal of Vestries, I neter answer'd his letter. By the sarme hands 'tis like you received such another piece of news; to wit: that M'. Commissary Blair advised your insisting on your right, for that you had the law, and the major part of the Council on your side. I have 205 [1719. taxed M'. Commissary with this; and lie has publickly deny'd it; and even given it under his hand, that he niever; aid such a thin!; but if he did, the inclosed proceedings of y~ Council (whelrein he joined) will convince you how much he was mistaken; another thing, which perhaps may have given you a fallacious assurance, is, that the Vestry of James City were taking the same measures with you, to dispute the King's authority; but to undeceive you in that point, that Vestry have thought fit to drop the dispute, and the person, they pretended to fix in their parish, has been fain to supplicate me to put him into some other benefice. Having thus endeavoured to remove the impressions wc' false rumours and subtle insinuations may have made on you, I shall in the next place remind you of some particulars, which probably some of you have forgot, and others plerhaps have never come to the knowledge of. In theyear 1712, M'. Bagge was so much in the esteem of your parish, that, tho' he had then the cure of another, he was the only person you would think of, to supply yours; and you represented him to me as a sober man, a good teacher, and of a life and conversation blameless; when I yielded to supply your parish, by collating M'. Edwards, the only objection to hM. Bagge was, his non-residence in your parish; when upon M'. Edwards' decease, I was willing to prefer Mr. Bagge to that vacancy, you then only objected against him, his not being in priest's orders; and when in order to his qualifying himself for the cure of your parish, he undertook a voyage for England, you gave him a very ample testimonial of his pious and laudable life and doctrine; all which are yet extant under the hands of those, who now so violently oppose him. It was on the testimonial of your Vestry, that your Diocesan the Bishop of London, after having admitted Mr. Bagge into Priest's Orders, recommended him to me, that he might be collated in that parish, where he had gain'd so good a reputation; and who could imagine he would not be acceptable to a people who had given such encomiums of his life and doctrine, after he had taken such pains to remove the only thing that could be objected to him? And what opinion your Bishop will have of men, who without any new experience of M'. Bagge's behaviour, act so inconsistent with themnselves, I leave you to judge. That I may the better prevail with you to retlect in time upon what you are going about, I shall plainly lay before you y" power by which I act; leaving you to judge, whether I ought to give up a right so well founded both on law and reason. As the King is the sovereign of these plantations; so he is 1719.j 2o6 vested with the right of patronage of all ecclesiastical benefices; unless where it appears, he has I'y apt words granted the same away to private subjects. That his Majesty duth claim this right here in Virginia, appears by the commission under the Broad Scal, whereby his Majesty gives his Governor full power and authority to collate any person or personis to any Churches or Chappels or other ecclesiastical benelices, as often as any of them shall become void (which power is also expressly excepted out of the Bishop of LontLon's patent, as Bishop of the Plantations); and in his Majesty's instructioos, the Governor is particularly directad, as to the ifqualifications of the persons so to be collated by him; and enjoyned to cause all p'-sonis not so qualified to be retumsd, and mintediately to supply the vacancy, without "Wing notice to the vistris w \lliclh is always done in England (in hth case of deprit vation) where thtter tis a patron. This shows that the King acknowledges no ot her patron lire bit himslf: But htsidt's this coommission, there is a forthvr and very early evidtence of the King's not looking on the law you linge on, to give the vestries any right of patronage. 'Tis a lease made by Kinm Charles the 2a, to the IL" Arlington & Culpepper, of the whole territory of Virginia for 31 years; wherein amongst other things there is this remarkable grant, viz: 'And we do further give and grant to yr S1 Henry, Earle of Arlington, and Thomas, L Culpepper, that they' &c. shall for and during the said term of 31 years be sole and absolute patrons of all the Churches and Chappels already built, or hereafter to be built, within the said territory," &c. Now this grant being made in 1672, just ten years after the law for inducting of ministers passed here; Is it to be supilsed, that y' King's Council at Law, who prepared the grant, and the i:L Chancelltur whi, put the great seal to it, would have suffered it to pass, had they judgeld it incompiatible with a law of the Colony, so lately enactedth, dat it must have been yet fresh in memory': especially considering, the L" Chancellour was always one of the committee for forreign plantations? andi the thien Gov', Council and I ouise of Burgesses, tdo' they sent home agents to remionstrate against this lease, did nht pllatl, that this grant of the patronaige of Churches was repuignant to thut right of the vestries; neither could, the agents prevail to get tie graiit set awide: thu' thi'y were particularly charetd to endeavour it, If you consider S' ld-watd Northey's opinion (which I min, mention'd in your lettet') it is plain he nes'er hail the 1King's right under consideration. nor doth he at all determine that the vestries are the undoubted patrons; bit after he had cited the several laws, rtla 207 [1719. ting to the Church, he declared that the Rigjht of Advowson must be subject to the laws of England (there being no law of this country, that gives any further direction therein) and the whole scope of his arguments thereafter, is only to show what is the practice in Fngland, wlhtre there are ucli undloubted patrons which is but supposing what the King has not yet yeilded in this country; seeing he still claims the right of supplying the vacancies of all ecclesiastical benetices, as the Council hath declared to be the true meaning of his Majesty's commission and instructions. Lastly I shall set forth to you the reasonablleness of believing that the King looks upon the right of disposing of' ienelices here to ble still vested in the Crown. Elvery minister sent hither.is denominated one of ye King's chaplains, Cemployed in his Majesty's service abroad, and as such receives ~20 out of his treasury to defray y" charge of his passage. If any of the King's ships are cotlintg hither these ministers have their pissagc & provision gratis. Ihe Ihishop of Loanlon recommittetds them to the Gov' to be preferred to some ecclesiastical living. But they briig 110no recommendation to any vestry, as patrons of thle Churches; nor dothi either the King or the Bishopl direct or desire tile Governor to interceed with the patronis of the Church here to bestow oni such ministers the vacant livings in their gifts. Now to what purpose is the King at so much expence to send over clergyrmen to the plantations, if they are to starve here till a lay-patron tlhtinks fit to present them? to what pturpiose doth the Bishop recommentd them to tlhe Govern', if hlie has no preferment to bestow? T'o what purpose do they bring tile Iishop's testimonial & licetce to preach, ift' these qualifications are to be agoain tried by a vestry here aind they to depend oin iolItlar Itutmour for their livings? Can it be sutpposed, that the Governor's instructions, prepared by, the Board of Trade (wsho are well acquainted with all the laws of this country) atind afterwards read, anid approved of in Council, where y* King's learned judgercs are present, should enjoyn a Governor tiuon the removal of a minister, ininiediately to supply the vacancy w\'out waitillg thte six tuontlts' lapse-; and sl ouli not rather direct him to follow the practice of Etnglatid, by giving tittelhy ntotice to the patron to presnti another clerk; if tht-ir Lordshiips had atny itiagitiatiott that thle laws of Vitgi llga the right of pat rotiage to lthe vestries Whatever wild notions sotte people may entertain of his Majesty's ministers entrttsted w\1 the inspection of the plantations, I am contidetnt they would never 1719.1 2o8 advise his Majesty to enjoyn any thing repugnant to law; and therefore till the King thinks fit to alter my commission and instructions; I hope, I cannot be blamed for not giving up a right, which his Majesty has entrusted me with, unless it be otherwise determined by due course of law; to which 1 shall be as ready as any man to submit; and I doubt not you will at least allow me to be a fair adversary, in so fully informing you before hand of the merits of the cause, I am to defend; however you have it yet in your power to bring this dispute between us to an accommodation: and I do again assure you, that I shall be reoady on my part to show my self an indulgent;o\vern'; and in order to make you easy, to yeild, what I can, without betraying my trust to my Master. The said letters being read, a motion was made, that the Commissary be desired to printlL his sermionI, preached this day bef'tore the nmembers of the CCon. vention at thl Parish Church of Biruton in the City of \Villi;amsburgh, M'; Commissary answered, that lie had never yet appeared in print; but if the members of the Convention desired it, he would transmit a true copy of it to the Il Bishop of London; and it was desired accordingly. Resolved unanimously, that the Gov' be address'd. Then a committee of the seven members following was appointed to prepare the Address, viz: Mr. Emanuel Jones, I'. Hugh Jones, M'. George Robertson, M'. Skaife, M. Seagood, M'. Brodie, & Mi. Yates, & return it to the House by to-morrow morning nine o' th' clock. Order'd that the Convention be adjourned to that hour. Thursday, April y' 9'h, 1719. M'. Brodie one of the Committee that was appointed to draw up an Address to the Governor being absent by reason of sickness; the rest of the S' Committee, viz: M'. Emanuel Jones, M'. Hugh Jones, M'. George Robertson, M'. Skaife, M'. Seagood, & M'. Yates appeared, and M'. Emanuel Jones in their name deliver'd it in, which being read, & examined paragraph by paragraph, passed without amendment, and is as followeth, viz: 20og [1719. TO THE HONDILB ALEXANDER SPOTSWOOD, HIS MAJESTY'S LT GOVERNOR AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THIS COLONY. MAY IT PLEASE Y' HON', Should we the Clergy of his Majesty's Province of Virginia assembled in Convention (who have with the utmost indignation and resentment heard y' Hon' affronted & abused by a few prejudic'd men) be silent upon this occasion, we should appear ungrateful in both capacities, as clergymen & subjects. Therefore with grateful hearts we now express our deep sense of your just and wise Government; a Government y' has rais'd this Colony to a flourishing condition, by exercising over it no other authority, but that, wherein its happiness & liberty consist, & which nothing but the groundless suspicions, & unreasonable jealousies of the eager & violent can render liable to excepthio. Your I lon' is happy to us, rather than to your sell, in that you are perpetually toiling for the publick, constantly doing good to many, whilst you do injury to none. We approach you therefore not only as our Governor, but as a Common Good; and think we cannot better declare our love to this country, than in our hearty wishes & fervent prayers, that you may long (very long) preside over it, wch, we assure you, are the sincere desires of Y' Huon" WV" & Mary College, Very much obliged & most humble April 91h, 1719. Servants. The Convention next took the L Bishop of London's letter into consideration; which being again read, and considered, paragraph by paragraph, the first question that was put by M, Commissary, was: Whether any of the members present knew of any person, who officiated in this country, as a minister, without license from our present Diocesan or his predecessour, And the whole House declared they knew of none. The next question upon it was, Whether any of the members knew of any minister, that officiated in the Colony without Episcopal ordination? To which 'the following members answered they knew of none, viz: I719.] 210 M'. Mylne, M'. Smith, Mr. Fountain, Mr. Brunskill, Mr. Monroe, M'. Sharpe, M'. George Robertson, M'. Finney, M'. James Robertson, M'. Thomson, M'. Cargill. The following members were doubtfull, whether M'. Commissary Blair had Episcopal Ordination or not, viz: M'. Skaife, M'. Latane, M'. Yates, M'. Bagge, M'. Eman' Jones, M'. Bowker, MA. Seagood, Mr. Scott, Mr. Hugh Jones, M'. Falconer, M'. Pownal, & M'. Worden. NM'. Sclater suspended his judgment. The next question was, Whether any member knew of any minister in this Colony, that did not punctually conform to the Rules of the Established Church. It was own'd, that there were sev' rules which were not observed by any of them, because of the circumstances of the country. Order'd that it be an instruction to the Committee, that shall be appointed to answer the I' Bishop of London's letter, that they set forth the particulars wherein at present they cannot help being deficient in the discharge of their function; and that his L ship's directions be requested therein; and that they inform him, that none of the members refuse to conform to the Rubrick and Canons to the utmost of their power. The next thing enquired into, was the irregularity of the lives of the Clergy. To which it was answer'd, that no member had any personal knowledge of the irregularity of any clergyman's life in this Colony. Whereupon it was ordered, that it be an instruction to y' said Committee modestly to vindicate the lives of the Clergy from the aspersion (thrown on them by former informations to his Lordship) of faults & miscarriages in the lives of some amongst them. Order'd, that it be an instruction to the Committee to inform his Lordship, that visitations have been attempted by M'. Commissary; but have been found very difficult; and that his Lordship's directions be desired in that matter. The next things in his Lordship's letter taken into consideration were institutions & inductions. Upon which the question was put, Whether in Order to the Redress of the Grievances we Labour under with reference to them, the Difficulties which render our Livings & Circumstances precarious, should not in the S' Answer be Represented to his Lordship? 211 [1719. It passed in the Affirmative. Ordered, that the sd Committee be instructed accordingly; and that they let his Lordship know that whenever the Gov' has been applied to, he has always been ready to Redress us in this matter to the utmost of his Power. Order'd, that the Committee to be appointed to draw up the Representation and answer to his Lordship's Letter, consist of seven members. Then the House nam'd Mr. Commissary, Mr. Bagge, M'. Hugh Jones, M'. Cargill, Ar. Mylne, Mr. Finney, and Mr. Pownal to be that Committee. Order'd, that this Committee meet this Evening at Six o' th' clock. Resolved, y' that the address be presented to ye Govern'. Order'd, that the Committee, that proposed it, attend hinm to know when he will be pleascd to be waited upon therewith. Then the Convention adjourned till 9 o'the clock to-morrow. Friday, April ye toth. Mr. Sclater, & M'. Smith, being absent when the I louse was called over, M'. Bagge mov'd, that no member should be allow'd to be absent from the Convention without Leave, which was seconded & ordered. Mr. Yates mov'd, that while the Committee was employed in drawing the answer to the Ld Bishop of London's Letter, a Copy of the minutes of the proceedings of the Convention should be laid before the rest of the members to inspect them, in order to the reducing the same into a Regular journal; wcb was seconded & granted. Mr. Emanuel Jones reported, that the Committee, which prepared the address, had waited on the Governor, to know when lie would be pleased to be attended on by the House to present the same, and his H0on' having signified his pltdasure, that lie would receive it at seven of the clock in the Evening, the members accordingly presented it to him; who was pleased to accept it very graciously, and to return in answer, that he thank'd us for our kind address; and that we should always find him willing, & ready, to promote the Interest of the Church, and Clergy of this Colony; and assured us, that we should not only have his protection but Affection. Ai. Bagge mov'd, that the several Letters together with the address mention'd in the minutes, be inserted in the fair Transcript of them in their proper placcs. 1719.] 212 The Committee desiring more time to finish the Representation and answer to the Bishop of London's Letter, the Convention adjourned till six o' the clock in the Evening. Accordingly, the House meeting at that Hour, the Committee appointed to prepare the said Representation and answer, delivered in the same, which was read, and considered Paragraph by Paragraph: The first paragraph being read, order'd that it pass. And the second paragiaph being read, it pass'd unanimously. And the third, it likewise pass'd unanimously. And the Fourth, Order'd, that it pass. And the Fifth, it pass'd unanimously. And the Sixth, Order'd, hat it pass. And the Seventh, it pass'd unanimously. And the Eighth, it pass'd unanimously. And the Ninth, Order'd, that it pass. And the Tenth, Order'd, that it pass. And the Eleventh, Order'd, that it pass. And the Twelfth, it pass'd unanimously. And the Thirteenth, it pass'd unanimously. Accordingly the whole pass'd: Which is as followeth, viz: MAy Tr iLFASE Y' L'siii, We, your Lordship's dutiful Sons and Servants the Clergy of Virginia, being in Obedience to your lordship's monitory Letter, in Convention duly assembled; and having in the fear of God impartially considered the Import and contents thereof, beg leave to return your Lordship the following answer and Representation: We are extreamly sensible of your L'ship's tender care of us in reminding us of our Duty, and of the prudent manner of it, in that you have not been forward to give credit to disadvantageous Reports, concerning the Clergy of this Colony; but have given us this opportunity of answering for ourselves; which we humbly and gratefully accept, and make use of with all sincerity. \\e find upon Examination, that there is no minister among us, who has not a License from y' Lordship or your Predecessours. \We are fully satisfied, that all of us are Episcopally ordain'd, except M'. 213 [1719. Commissary, of whose Ordination a major part doubt, a true account of which he has promis'd to transmit to yr Lordship, together with the Journal of this Convention. We must confess the circumstances of this Colony are such, that in many Respects they will not permit us to perform that regular conformity to the Established Liturgy, as otherwise we would willingly observe, and our Duty requires; particularly we beg leave to inform Your Lordship, that the Parishes are so large, the Inhabitants so dispersed, and so distant from the Church (some 20, 30, 40 miles and upward), that throughout the whole country we have Divine service but once every Sunday, and but one sermon; and for the same reason the people neglect and refuse to bring their dead to be buried in the church yards; and seldom send for the minister to perform the office, but make use of a Layman for that purpose, alledging for reasons the extremity of heat in Summer, and the great distance from the habitation of the minister. Also that people observe no Holydays, except those of Christmas day and good Friday, being unwilling to loose their dayly labour; and you are well satisfied, that we are obliged to administer the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, to persons, who are not confirmed. We must confess, that we have some Laws of this Colony, which might favour us in the better discharge of our Sacred Functions; but should they be put in Execution, the defect or obscurity of others would expose us to the greatest Difficulties; for which cause we are obliged to Baptize Church women, marry, and bury at private Houses - administer the Lord's Supper to a single sick person; perform in the Church the Oftice of both Sacraments without the decent habits, and proper Ornaments and Vessels, which our Established Liturgy requires. W\e have enquired into the Irregularities amongst us, which were insinuated to y' Lordship; and we have discovered none such to our personal knowledge: but observe, that the lives of the Clergy and Laity are much improved of late years. We deplore the unhappy precariousness of our circumstances, to which milan) of the aforementio'd DI)eviations from the Establish'd Liturgy are to be attributed; and beg leave to lay them in the most pressing manner before your Lordship for your advice and I )irection. The people in General are averse to the Induction of the Clergy, the want of which exposes us to the great oppression of the Vestries; who act often 1719.] a214 arbitrarily, lessening & denying us our Lawful salaries; the opinion of the Attorney General being, that we are incapable of taking the Benefit of the Law to oblige them to do Justice, for want of that necessary Qualification, or a contract. Our Govern', who is under God our chiefest support here, has never been wanting to us, in redressing our Grievances to the utmost of his power; and would willingly act in our favour with respect to Institutions and Inductions, according to the King's patent and Instructions; but he imputes the opposition he meets with in this affair, to some of the Council and particularly to M'. Commissary; whom he also accuses of some other Irregularities, as your Lordship by.his Hon'' Letter to us, and another to the Vestry of the Parish of St. Ann, in Essex, may perceive; both which together w'1 M'. Commissary's answer, we doubt not your Lordship will receive; and in which we most humbly and earnestly pray your Lordship to interpose your advice and assistance. Visitations have been attempted by h'. Commissary; but he met with so many Difficulties from the Church Wardens refusing to take the oath of a Church Warden, or to make presentments, and from the General aversion of the people to everything that looks like a Spiritual Court, that little has been done that way. Could your Lorship procure anything that might tend to the promotion of Religion, and the knowledge of the Clergy or Laity of this Dominion, from the Venerable Societies for propagating the Gospel in forreign parts, and for the propagation of Christian Knowledge, we assure your Lordship, that we will use our utmost endeavours in the right application of any such charitable favours, and shall gratefilly esteem it a signal Instance of goodness from you & them. We return our most hearty thanks for your L'ship's Pastorial admonitions and advices, and begging your Episcopal Benediction, take leave to subscribe our selves, My Lord, Y' Lordship's most Dutyful Sons and most Humble Servants. CO'LLEGE (OF Wm & MARY AT WILLIAMSIIURiII IN VIuGINIA, April the o10, 1719. 215 L. 79. The Members of the Convention having desired M'. Commissary to sign the S' Letter and Representation, he refused the same. Order'd, it he entered accordingly. M'. I lugh Jones mov'd, that the members of the Convention sign the Sd Letter & Representation, Order'd, that it be sign'd & it was sign'd accordingly. Order'd, that M'. Commissary, Mr. Hugh Jones, M'. Seagood, Mr. Bagge, or any two of them examine the S' Journal of this Convention, and transmit two copies, one to the Bishop of London, and one to the Governor, attested by them. Then Mr. Commissary ask'd, whether the members had anything more to propose; & It being answered in the Negative, he dissolved the Convention. A True Copy. JAI-'s BLAIR, Hucui JONES. M'. COMMISSARY'S SPEECH TO THE CONVENTION. April 8'", 1719. REVEREND BRETIIREN, As in my Letter for calling you together at this time, I acquainted you, that it was in pursuance of the Directions of our R' Revd Diocesan, my Lord Bishop of London; I shall first read to you his Lordship's Letter about it to my self; and his Letter to the Clergy of this country, which he has desired me to communicate to you; and then I shall (as I find my Lord expects of me), endeavor to resume the particulars and press the observation of them with all fitting earnestness. [Then having read both these Letters he went on thus:] Brethren, it is plain that the ground of this Admonition, is an information, my L Bishop has received of some irregularities amongst us that need very much to be redressed. I wish the Informers, whoever they are, before they had given our worthy Diocesan this trouble & uneasiness, had first made known their complaints to me, who have the honour to be deputed by his 1719.] 2l6 Lordship for that purprose: and then by your concurrent advice matters might have libeen redressed amonlg our selves, withouit exposing us ti his Lordship's suspicions, or bringing us iiunder the character of a Clergy guilty of several irregularities. A. in Secular afflirs no man carries a cause from tiis country to England, till it has l)een tirst tryed in our Virginia Courts; & if any one is dissatisfied with their sentence, in weighty causes there lyes an appeal for England; it is most regular that it should be so too in Spiritual affaiirs. It would Ihe too great a burden for my Lord Bishop of London to he troubled in prima instantia with all the irregularities of the numerous Clergy under him, especially in the remote Plantations; where he can't have the Parties before him, or be sufliciently informed of the circtumstances of the facts, the witnesses living at so great distances. But this piece of justice, which was not designed us by the Informers, my Lord of London himself, out of his great prudence & unbyassed justice has done us. He tells us that "he is not forward to give credit to disadvantagious reports, finding that wrong representations are frequently made;" & perhaps never more frequently than now. And therefore his Lordship las reduced this complaint into the right method, that is, he has given you & me notice of it; & like a good Bishop, he stirres us up to do our parts towards redressing any irregularities that may be among us. And seeing our Diocesan has been so just and kind, as not to proceed to censure upon this privat information, but has left both the Enquiry into the truth of the informations, & the redressing the irregularitys in great measure to our selves; let me with all earnestness exhort you to discharge a good conscience in this matter; & to )spleak freely, if ye know any that officiate as minister of any Parish in this country, without License from my Lord Bishop of London or his Predecessor; if you know any among us, that has not had lEpiscopal Ordination if you kn)ow any that does not comply with the established Liturgy; and lastly, if you know any that are scandalous in their lives & conversations. 'These are the chief things pointed at with relation to our duty; in my Lord's monitory Letter. There is one word added concerning Institutions & Inductions, intimating that the (overnour will be ready upon notice given to act accordingly, if any minister is settled among us who has not a License from the present Bishop of London or his Predecessor; as also in reference to Institutions & Inductions. As to this of Institutions & Inductions, I say, I do not so well apprehend what is required of us in them. They 217 (1 719. are in the Governour's i handii, who does not fail to ii'stitute & induct, when PresentatlOins are duly made, But for want of dtese, the (Ohrgy of this cohntry have Ieen upon a very precarious fotii. Manyl coh davotrs have heen used to procure a remiedv for this (vil & in bith revisol of the Laws about 16 or 17 years ago, particular aroe was taken of it 6u it miscarried in that Assembly which was: in Governour Notts tim', whi te mreat body of the revisal past. The com10on remIedy In 1ngland is for thd Ordinary to take the bvnefit of the Lapse, which Is not so i-sA in this couinitry for want of men in Orders, that are unprovided And in eed this niako s it much harder too, on their side who are to present; if they art' strictly. limitcd to the Six months as in England: there being no vacant ministers here for our vacant Parishes. In the year 1703, Govu Nicholson had the opinion of S' Edward Northy, then Attorney -General, as to the business of Presentations & Inductions. lie gave his opinion that the right of Presentation by our laws was in tile Parishioners, & the right of the lapse in the Governour, only lie added that if the Parishioners have never presented, that they may have a reasonable time to present, a minister. But if they will not present, being required so to do, the Governour may in their. default collate a minister. These are the subjects qf my Lord of London's Letter, and of our Consultations: which I think we must go upon in the first place; and then if any one has any thing further to propose, it will be time to consider it. Our Consultation will be much shortened, if we proceed regularly, with Christian temper, & speak on at once, without heat or passion, or partiality; and without breaking in, one upon another. 'There is one thing more I have to recommnend, namely an Unaninmity & Brotherly love among our selves, which will be a great Ornaunent of our profession, & a great miiitual Support to our interest. I need not put you il mind, that there are mtais censorioiis eyes now upon us, & therefore we must he very circumspect in omir behaviour; Pirudence, Gravity, Sobriety & Modtsty, & moderation, are great ornaments of our Profession at all times. I hope we shall leave a good character behind us in this place: that the very adversaries may have nothing to repreheiind in our example or conduct. And so God of his mercy accompany all our consultations with his blessing; and direct them to his glory, and the good of that part of the Church in which we are more particularly concerned. 1719.] 218 HISTORICA L RE MARKS/for the better understanding the PROCEEDINGS of the Convention of the Cl/crgy at Ifilliamshburg/ in April, 1719. Before the Convention was called, great pains was taken to prepossess the Clergy in favour of the Governour, by getting them to sign alddresses of Encomiums upon hiim; in which there was usually some Retlection against the House of Burgesses, that sent home a complaint against him to Ilis Majesty. So that without condlemning themselves, it could not be expected, they would act otherwise with relation to him, than they did at the Convention. To make way for these Addresses, it was confidently given out, & most industriously spread all over the conntry, that M'. Commissary and three more were turned out of the Council, and that the Address of the House of Burgesses was refused to be received, because it came not through the hands of the CGovernour, both web proved otherwise. On the day of the Convention, the Commissary & Clergy waited on the Governoutir at his house; and the Commissary asking if he had any commands for the Convention, he said he would signifie what he had to say, in a Letter. While NM1,Comimissary was yet giving his charge, and was come to that part of it which gives an account of S' EdIWd Northey's Opinion, viz: " In the 1703, Gov' Nicholson had the Opinion of Sr Edward Northey, then Attorney General, as to the business of Presentations & Inductions. Ile gave his olpinion that the Ri.ght of Presentation by our Laws, was in thile Parishioners, & the Right of the ILap;se was in the Governour." Here N'. Emanlluel Jones interrupted him, crying out that it was a mistake, it was not the Parishioners but the Vestrys. I have reason to know it, said he; for I brought in that Opinion. M'. Commissary answvered, Sir you ought not to interrupt: I have S' Edward Northey's opinion here, and I'll show you presently, that it is right (Itoted; and accordinly prothtcedt it, & satisiled the whole Corisention, that he had right quoted it. Immediately after Mi'. Commissary's charge, and before any other Business was enter'd upon, M'. William Robertson, Clerk of thile Council, being sent by the Governour, desired admittance, and presented a Letter from the Gover 219 [1719. nour, directed to the Revd the Clergy of Virginia in Convention at Williams. burgh, then withdrew. Thi: Letter, being all an Invective against M'. Commissary, contributed very much to the ill Temper of the Convention. There was such a confused noise upon it, that for a considerable space no one could be heard. When that confusion was a little over, so that he could be heard, M'. Commissary said; he was very unhappy to be under the frowns of the Governour; but was so conscious of his Innoc.eny, that if they would have patience to hear him, he would ask no time; but would immediately answer all the Accusations of that Letter. And beginning, as the Letter does, with the business of Collations, while he was showing the Law & Practice of the country, & the Opinions of the late Bishop of London & Sir Edwd Northey, by which he had always govern'd himself, another confused clamour arose, that they were not proper Judges of these things; and therefore desired him to desist, & send his Answer to the Governour's Letter in writing, to my Lord Bishop of London: to which he acquiesced. Then M'. Hugh Jones and some others, faulting the Doctrine of M'. Commissary's Sermon preached before them that day, desired M'. Commissary to print it. He excusing himself, as never having appeared in Print, said if they had any objections against it, he was ready to answer them; or if they desired it, he would transmitt a true copy of it to my Lord Bishop of London: and accordingly they insisted upon this last; and he promised to do it. Then it was moved that an Address be made to the Governour. M'. Commissary & some others put them in mind, that it was more proper, & would look better upon the minutes, to begin with the principal Business they were called upon, viz: The answer to my Lord of London's Letter. But this being overruled, a Conmmitty was appointed to draw the said Address. Some moved that M'. Commissary might be one of this Committie, to help prepare the said address; but this was opposed by the greater part. Then M'. Commissary and some others moved, that it might be considered whether it was not proper to give directions to the Committie, concerning the manner of the said Address, particularly that they should abstain from intermedling with tlose unhappy differences of State, that were between the Govern' and the I loIuse of Burgesses; and that they should confine themselves, to what was more proper for the Clergy, namely, tile thanking the Governour for his Protection of the Church. If they drew a handsome Address to this purpose, it was said, we should all unanimously join in it; which would do him r 719.1 220 more Service, than if they drew anything, which we could not all unanimously sign. But this motion was overruled, and the Committy left to themselves without any Limitation. Thursday, April 9,". Mr. Emanuel Jones, &c., delivered in the Address to the Governour; which being read & Examin'd Plaragraph by Paragraph, passed without amendment. And it is as followeth: TO THE HION'' ALJEXANDER SPOTSWOOID, HIS MAJESTIE'S LIEU' GOVERNOUR & COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF TIllS COLONY: MAY Ir PLEASE YOUR HON, Should we the Clergy of his Majesty's Province of Virginia assembled in Convention (who have with the utmost indignation & resentment heard your Honour affronted and abused by a few prejudiced men), be silent upon this occasion, we should appear ungrateful in both capacities, as Clergy-men and Subjects. Therefore, with gratefull hearts, we now express our deep sense of your just and wise Government; a Governmt that has raised this Colony to a flourishing condition, by exercising over it no other authority but that wherein its happiness and Liberty consists, and which nothing but the groundless Suspicions of the Eager & Violent can render liable to Exception. Your Honour is happy to us, rather than to yourself, in that you are perpetually toiling for the l'ublick, constantly doing good to many, whilst you do injury to none. We approach you therefore not only as our Governour, but as a common Good, and think we cannot better declare our Love to this country, than in our hearty wishes & fervent lPrayers, that you may long (very long) preside over it, which we assure you, are the sincere desires of Your Ilon'' Very much obliged & most humble Serv". Wo & MARY CGIL eI., April the 9", 1719. Tho' it was carried by a majority of the Convention, that this Address 221 [I719. should pass without amendment, there was a very great debate on the sub" ject matter of it. They were put in mind, that those few prejudiced men, by whom they said his Honour was affronted & abused, were the Body of the Representatives of the Country, the House of Burgesses; that They had made a publick complaint of the Governour, which now lyes before the King; that it did not belong to our Province, either to prejudge his Majesty, or to decide the Points in difference between the Governour and the House of Burgesses; that if we were ever so desirous to justify the Governour, we were not in a capacity to do it, the matters in difference lying entirely out of our cognizance. The House of Burgesses complain that their Privileges are encroach'd upon; is that a fit Subject for us to determine? They complain of a great Sum of money, taken without Order, & spent about the Governour's house and Gardens; they had the accounts before them; whereas, if we say anything on that Subject, we must speak without book. And so of the Forfeitures of Lands; and the Burgesses' Salarys, and some other things complain'd of, of which we are very uncapable Judges. They were likewise told, that the duty of mediation of Peace did much better become us, than the Espousing of any Party; That we should thereby so incurr the displeasure of a great many Gentlemen of our own Parishes, that we should create to ourselves lasting uneasiness; and that a time might come, when the House of Burgesses might think fit to call those to account, that put such publick affronts upon them; as we heard the House of Commons in Ireland did -those, that counter-address in the case of Sir Constantine Phips. When none of all this prevailed, but the Address was carried by Vote, the Commissary and seven more, that were against Addressing in that Form, desired that they might enter the reasons of their dissent, But this was hotly refused. While this business was in debating, M'. Robertson brought a Letter, from the Governour to the Commissary, requiring the perusal of his Sermon preached yesterday before the Convention. T'he Stile of it is so particular that M'. Commissary thought fit to set it down verbatim, which follows: TO Till' RIEVERENI) M". COMMISSARY HLAIR. SIR, In your Sermon preached yesterday before me, upon occasion of the Convention of the Clergy, You thought fitting to advance such Principles, with 1719.1 respect to Government, that I i not discharge the Duty I owe to my Prince, if I fail'd to tak, of; & least I might upon One cursory Hearing misapprehend - itons you then laid down, I desire you'll be pleased to favour me now with a more deliberate perusal of the Sermon in writing; & your immediate compliance with this Request will be the only means to satisfy, Sir, Your most humble Servant, A. SP()TSWOOl), April 9h, 1719. Upon this, he immediately sent the Sermon, hoping the Govern' would either rest satisfied, or by the help of his friends of the Clergy, form his objections, and give him an opportunity of answering them. I le heard no more of it, only understands the Governour took a copy. Upon the Question of N1. Commissary's EpisCopal Ordination, of 24 that were present besides M'. Commissary himself, twelve voted that they were doubtfull of his Episcopal Ordination, Eleven that they> had no doubt about it, & one that he suspended his Judgment. The Reasons of those that were doubtfull, were, first, That they knew not the hand, in which that certificat was written, Subscribed Jo. ELENI1URGEN. To which it was answer'd, that they could not have a better proof, that fell within their knowledge, than the late Bishop of London's License, under his hand and seal. 2. It was objected, that the Certificate was not in the usual English Form, nor anN' seal annexed to it. To which it was answered, that a Certificate from a Scotch Bishop, of any One's being a Minister in his I )iocese in the Order of Presbyter, is a sufficient proof of the matter of fiact, tho' it is not in the linglish form; and that being taken for such Thirty-four year ago, by the late Bishop of London (& the late Lord Effingham Gov' of Virginia) to whom, both his ministry in Scotland, & the Tests for which he suffered, were at that time well known, it ought not now to be called in question. 3. N1. IHlugh Jones objected to the word Prtsb;/er in that certificate, that it should have been Priest. But this objection was ridiculed by most of them selves, since in the English Certificates of Priest's Orders they are usually said to be promoted, Ad Sacrum 'resbyteratus Ordinem. In answer to the Question, whether they knew of any Minister in this 223 [1719: Colony, that did not punctually conform, to the Rules of the Established Church, there is no more set down in the minutes, but that it was own'd, there were several Rules, which were not observed by any of them, because of the circumstances of the country. Blut upon this M'. Commissary urged, that my Lord of London had certainly been informed of great deviations from the Liturgy; and therefore desired, that if any of the Informers were there present, they would acquaint us with what they had observed of this kind that it might be rectified, & told them they must expect he would acquaint my Lord wT' it, if they had nothing to say. Upon this M'. I ugh Jones said something to this plirlpose, that he was desired by my L,o4d of L.ondon, to give his L.ordship some account of the State of this Church; & that accordingly he had given an account of some things, in which M'. Commissary dlid not observe the Rulirick. He instanced in the Clerk's publishing of the Ilanes, & some other things in Church: For by the Laws of this country, all Proclamations, and many Laws are published in Church, & the Clerk's commonly keeping the Register, the usual way is for them to lublislh the lhanes and give the person out-asked a certificat of it to the minister. I le comjllained( too of M'. Ingles taking upon him in his School to make exhortations to his School-boys, alledging that he should only teach them the Church Catechism. The whole Convention, judging these things frivolous, commended M'. Ingles (who is a sober good man & a Master of Arts) for giving good Instructions to his boys concerning their moralls; and as to some other things of smnall variation from the Rubrick, they found none, but such as the different circumstances of the Country, from those of England, necessarily engaged us in, which are more particularly mentioned in the Clergy's answer to my I" of London's Letter. In the Elvetning of this day, after the Cnvention was adjourned, E.ight ministers, who fotbr the Reasons abovetmention'd did not joyn in the address which the major part prepared for the (Governour, agreed upon one of their own, both to shew their duty to him, & their moderation with relation to the iublick differences in the country. It was as followeth: 'rTO TE lION"" AIEXANDER SPIOTSWOOD Ills MAJ- "" GOV- & COMMANi)ER IN C(HIEi OF I IiIS COLONY. MAY IT PL.EASE YOUR HONO(UR, It is with no small concern, we humbly represent to your Honour, that we 1719-1 224 could not joyn with the rest of our Brethren in One uniform Address; being unwilling to determine concerning Persons & Things, which as we apprehended, were not properly under our cognizance, nor within our Province. Nevertheless we think it our Duty to return our most hearty thanks for the continuance of Your Hlon''* Protection to the Church and Clergy of this Country. We have 'o dooubt of your I lon"' ready concurrence in any Prudent methods that can be llter'd for our Support and Encouragement. And seeing V0111r I lonour is well appri/Ill of all our circumstances without any torther infortatii from iius, we desire to leave it with y' sclf to consider of the best ways & muans to remedy what wants Redress in the 1lccariouIness of our circumistaiuces, whether by lxecution( of the Laws itl being, or tle contrivance of new Ones, to answer better tile ciniemstances of the Church & Clergy, & People of this country, as in your Wisdom you Shall think titt. It is far from our thoughts to add anything to the uneasiness of your circiunstances from other hands, heing extreamly concerl'd at the u1nha1lppy differences in the couitry. As we heartily wish a better ulderstantding; we shall not tail by our Prayers & Endeavours in our station to procure it as far as in us lyes. And ill the mean time committing you to God's conduct & Direction; we take leave to subscribe our selves, Sir, Your 1-Ionr" most Obedient & most humble Servants, JOHN CARGILL, Guy SMurit, JAMEs BLAIki, Commiss, PETER FONTAINE, JNo. MONRO, JAMEs SCLATER, JNO. BRUNSKILL., FRAs MIJLNE. W" & MaRV COLtEGE, April 91", 1719. And then they went to his House to present it. But he having first perused it by himself, at last refused to receive it, called it a libell, and gave it back to MI. Coommissary. Friday, April,o. T'here is nothing to be remarked upon this day's proceedings, bttt that some objections were made to a few things in the Clergie's Answer to my 225 [1719. Lord of London's Letter. Upon the amendment of which all the Clergy declared their readiness to sign it. 'rhes objections were: i. The Slur it casts up1on1 NP. Commissary's Ordination. 2. The unfair representation or ins-inuiation at hvast, as if s-omei of the Council, and particularly At'. Commissary, obstructed the Governour's acting in favour of the Clergy', in the Ipoint of Inlstittutiouls and Indtictionls, It is true the)' dto 110t ttd(.e it 1,110ndfl teselves to say thlis hut lay it 111)00 the ( overnoutr, aod say that "he imputes the opp~o_ sitiol he mieets %%'ith ill this, affatir to sonte of the Couocil, & pai-deielarly to NM1. 'om Illissary who iv h also acclest's of sIic me othr irNlrte, a ou- I.ordshuip Iy lty is It lotur's I (,ttor to its, itit antiltittr Ito tw lie t ry of tltt, 'a rislt of doS l '\ mt, )1111 I t t rk ltttlip %%i, t t ilt wecv,w d ill %M'v ( 1wtuul 1(ss 11'4). "11111 c lit' eMStly )trouytei I ortlshlilt to ioitt'rptse yorI mttdý;li1's talvici' alnd assiantlo-. Tli,' Itis wvas. dite lealst thyN cmit d do), wvitlititt ilireri inetirrin,,t~ ii (;Owttl', dIs. ptleasure, theirt %ere sever~all %i'lio said they koewv the Couticil & tlle Ctlituei sayl;tll*1.d beeit sticlt ctoistant frirotls tot iOwe that~ v tilt!\ IhyWitld ti~vi no htand ill I~ltti dug til h is _ "i~t upttu ihtit'l, as iftl' Ill i )loselkl lcIt fi' 1sd ii ititim s anld lniliictionls. 3. [hat it lay)S the tluetlilt(li Or 1 aws iliat we, ate! ttfliged to Baptize, Chturch Woillct~i, Mlarry,, atkI Buiry at private hiouses, &c. Wheireas it is oot byý our Laws these tluitgis are occasioned., but itartly biy outr pr1ecarioutsness (the Governour never making U~se of the Lailse) and partly by) the exceeding largeness of the Parishes, and other inconvenienit circiunistalices of the country. Immediately before dissolving the Convention, A' Hlugh Jones moved something to this putrpose, that in regard a major part dloubted of M11. Coin._ miissary's Orders, thtat the Govern' should be desired to suispend diii fromn offciaingas inniser f tis Coitlitry, anld the lhishitjt desired to send anthtler Commissary'. TIbis P'ropiosal was withi a general voice explodled, and cry'ed out upon; and they-) asked timi if lie wvas not ashaimetd to off'er any such tIling. When no body' backed his motion, lie desired it might be enteretl mumi the miinuties, its a motion of' his;but the vletle Conveittion rejected it with great Indignation, Thie -above Account co(nsistin~g (If' Tenl jigesi is a true narrative, to tile- biest of' (otur remembrance. J AMEiS BIR.m, 0')JNO. MNRtIkl. 1719.] 226 An Answer to the Accusations contained in the Governour's Letter to the Convention; which Letter is to be seen in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Said Convention. AcceUSATION. For none more eminently, than M'. Commissary Blair, sets at nought those Instructions, which your Diocesan leaves you to be guided by, with respect to Institutions & Inductions; he denying 1y his practice, as well as discourses, that the King's Govern' has the Right to collate ministers to Ecclesiastical lne.lices within this Colony; for when the Church he now supplies, became void by the death of the former Incumbent, his Solicitation for the same was solely to the Vestry, without his ever making the least application to me for my collation; notwithstanding it was my own Parish Church. ANSWER. As this Accusation is here worded, the design of it is plainly to induce your LoP to believe that I oppose the King's Instruction, & deny the Gov'' power of Collation, & that I was inducted into my Parish, without him. But none of all these do in the least touch or explain the true state of the difference betwixt his Opinion & mine in this matter. Which I must therefore beg leave more clearly to unfold to your LoP. The sole question as to this affair is, what is to be meant by Collation, as in the Gov"' Instructions; whether such a power as the King has to bestow Livings, of which he himself is the Patron? or such a power as the Bishop has to collate to Livings that fall into his hands by Lapse? He claims it in the first sense. I have always understood it in the second, for the following reasons: i. It has been the constant practice in this country, that whatever ministers we have had inducted, have had first a presentation from the Vestries, who by Law here act in the name of the Parishioners. And before this Gentleman's time, it was never known that ever a Gov' either refused to induct upon any such Presentation; or gave Collation & Institution without it. 2. By a Law of this country, entitled Ministers to be Inducted, after it has spoke of 227 [1719. the Minister's producing a Testimonial of his Ordination, & his subscribing to be conformable to the Orders & Constitutions of the Church of England, & the Laws there established, follow immediately these words, " Upon which the Gov' is hereby requested to Induct the said minister into any Parish that shall make Presentation of him." And from these words it has been always understood here, that the Parish had the Presentation, and the Gov' the Induction. For as to the word reiues/ed, they think and he grants, it doth not alter the case, when appllied to the Governour; that being the usual form, in which our Laws express his )uty; and not by the inore authoritative words of enacting, commanding or requiring, as they do other ieoplles. 3. The Parisle here are at the charge of fiunding t the Curcles, the (Glebes, & the Salaries. 4. Govern' Nidiolson consulted Sir l'di\' Northey the late Attorney Gen' as to all this affair, being desirous, as I thought, to remedy thee pr'ecariousCness of the Clergy, whlo, except a veryvfew, have no Inductions. Andl Sir Edward was ahogether of this opinion, as yo' Lo11 will see hy a copy of it, which I herewith transmit. Gov' Nicholson sent copies of that olinion to the several \Vestries of this country, and threatened if they did not present, that he would take. the benefit of the Lapse. The very threatening procured Presentations & consequently Inductions for some ministers. And had the Gov' collated & Inducted upon the Lapse; nay had lhe made but one or two Examples of it, all this Grievance might have been redressed long ago. But he only threatenedt & never once collated upon Lapse; so that the precariousness is as much fixed as ever. 5. Having often discoursed your LoP" Predecessor, and written to him on this Subject, I never found that he had any other notion of collation by the Governour; but that it was to be upon Lapse. And the great difficulty started in those days to that Scheme was, that the country complained Six months was too short a time for them to supply their vacancies in; there being no ministers to be had here, who were not already provided. For remedy of which, in the last revisal of our Laws, a Law was provided, in which two years (if I remember right) were allowed the Parishes to supply their vacancies. This Law about fifteen years ago was under consideration by the Council of Trade; my Lord Bishop of London was that day present at the Board, & I, being then in London was desired to attend. After full debate upon it, the Law was approved of, and my Lord of london was very well satisfied. But altcr all it miscarried here in the country. O)ur Assembly could not agree albout it, & so it fell. Sure, if either the Bishop, or the Council of Trade had 1fl7 9. 228 had any nation of this Right of Patronage which the G;ov' now claims (and his Coanmission & Instructions are the same now they were then), having so ready a remedy for the precariousness of tlhe Clergy, they) needed not to have nmade these extraordinary concessions. 6. Th'e (ov"'' new method would destroy all henefit of ILapse whereas if the Presentationll is in the Parish, X: the Lapse in the ( ov', we have the Ordinary a check upon the Patrone, as in EIngland, & other Christian Churches; which is a very valablle Security. 7. Collatiaons to Ienlitces, together with Licenses liar marriages and Probats of Wills, bcing three things pertaining to the Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, but expressly excepted out of it, & by tile King's Instructions given to the Govern', seems to be a good argimtent that in the point of Collationlls, the (;ov' acts only qua Ordinary & cinsejaquently either Institutes upon Presentation, or collates by Lapse but not as Original lkttrone. 'These are the reasons which have induced me to think Collations are to be interpreted in another Sese ahaat the (o v' laas at ely fixed a11a an tlaeaat, I say lately; lir I do not raam11aaaal 1-r lthat lay fi11 apona 11i. notion albove three (or foua years agoa; which makes me tstoatished at the ceaasm ta he gives of me, for not applyiag to him t fr his Collation. There are two wrour tltings hcre insinuattaltld; 0aaa is, as if the ( G ern' at that tiamte laad claiaated (as he tow doas), the Right of Caullating to the Living as Pa troae, Ib fare it I.at vsed; whereas this pretention \as lay f1tar or five years of a later date; atty coming to this Parish being at Clhristmas, 17ao, and no body at that tiatte having ever questioned the Vestry's right of choosing a minister, when tlhe IParish was fairly void; as it was Ihere by the death of my Predecessor NI'. Solomon Wheatley. As soon as I was elected by the Vestry, I inmmediately acquainted the Gov'; antd le said he was very glad of it. And I do assure your Lo", he nor no one else at that tiaae farulted this, as being tlhen, & long afterwards the Coamtaon practice of the country. If a Gov' ever interposed in such cases in tlhose (days, it was only by way of Recommendation to the Vestry; but never by way of collation, whliclh Ie beginas now to claim. The other thing which I take to be Itere insinuated is, as if upon thle Vestry's presentation of tile, I had, in conteampt of his right & authority to give collation, never apptlied to hiim for it. Thlis I confess would Ihave been a great contempt; aand such a one as never anty minister in the coanatry was guilty of. For as soon as we can get a Presentation from tlhe Vestry, we never fail to apply to thle (Gov' for Induction, as readily as aay clark iat Latgland applies to the Blishop with his presentation, 229 [1719. But this is the unhappiness of our precarious circumstances in this country, that the Vestries are such Enemys to Inductions that they will give no, Presentations; and our Governours have been so unwilling to disoblige the Parishes, that they have never taken the lBenefit of the Lapse: So that the Ministers generally otliciat upon an Election of the Vestry, without presentation or Induction. As this is the case of about nine in ten of our ministers (f1r some four or five are inducted), your Lol' will easily perceive that as mnatters then stood, without a presentation it wNas in vain, for nio to apply to the Gov' for Collation &, Induction. lBut I thought it hecaume me in good manners to wait on the Governouir, and to acquaint him with what was donle: he 4ignified his great satisfaction; and did not in the least fault a'my tiing in the conduct of the matter. We were then, and for manyz years aftceraraids, in perfect friendship tho' now all things that are caphble oa my ill aspect ire ihritstered up to make a crime; wrhere never any btfort s ' ouch au ptiete(:ed. And I caniot but complain of his deserting the cause of the Church in general, and Striving to put it 1il)oni suich t foot as oust deprive the Clergy of that rcasonable Security, which I think thly ought to have, with regard to their Livings. ANsw FR. It passes my skill to find out the defects of this method, if the Gov" would give the Parishesivarning to present in a reasonable time, & in case of failure would make use of the Lapse; it would remedy the precariousness of the Clergy' as well as the other; & would have this advantage, that it might be much more easily applied; and the minister would have more of the Love of his Parishioners; whereas the other way will involve him in a Lawsuit to defend his title; and if we should at any time have a Gov' that has little regard to the Church or Religion, lie nray keel) the Parishes void as lonrg as he pleases, there being no Lapse ever incurred by that Scheme. ATessAIoN. As to the disorders in the Worship of God, which are pointed at in the Said Letter, it appears as if my Lord of London knew not that his Commissary is. more apt to countenance, than redress the same, for I irly self have soemi him 1719.] 230 present in Church, while a Layman his Clerk has read the Divine Service in the Congregation, he himself vouchsafing to perform no more of his ministerial Office, than to pronounce the Absolution, Preach and dismiss us with the Blessing. AN5swER. It is well known that I do constantly, while I enjoy my health, read the whole Divine Service my Self. And if the Govern' has at any time seen it otherwise, it has been when I have been so weaken'd withl sickness, that I was not able to go through the whole Service, and preach too. If it be thought an irregulatity, that in such a case I made use of a Laick, it is to be considered that this is a country where there is not one Clergyman to be had on such an occasion, they beling all employed at the same time in their own far distant Parishels; and that the country is so used to this practice, that long before I kn-ew it, by the fiifth Law in the pirinted Book, En.titled Ministers to provide lita*h-rs, it is 1Inacted, ' That where there is not a minister to officiat every Sunday, tih I arish shall make choice of a grave & sohler Person, of good life and coniversation to read! )ivine Service every intervening Sutnday at the Plarish Church, when the minister plrcaclcth at any other place." loht I constantly read prayers my Self, unless disabled or weakened by Sickness. AcCUSATcIN. I have also seen him present in the Church yard, while the same Clerk has performed the funeral Service at the Grave. ANswEiR. Here it is insinuated, as if I had been at the funeral, when'the Clerk performed the fiuneral Service at the Grave. I can averre that my constant practice is otherwise. What might occasion it that one time, whether that I had not been spoke to, or that I was hoarse, or that I passed thro' the Church yard accidentally, while the Clerk was in the funeral Service, and I did not think fit to interrupt him, I can't tell, except the circumstances of the fact were explained. But it is a *common thing all over the country (what thro' want of ministers, what by their great distance, & the heat of the weather, and the smelling of the corps), both to bury at other places than Church'yards, & to employ Laicks to read the funeral Service; which till our circumstances and laws are altered, we know not how to redress. 231 11719. AccuSATION. And I remember when he was for having the Churchwardens provide Lay Readers, who should on Sundays read to their congregations some Printed Sermons; and so far he declared in Council his approbation thereof, that such practice had like to have had the Sanction of the Government, had I not withstood it, as destructive of the Establishment of the Church. ANSWER. The Governour's memory must in this matter have exceedingly fail'd him, when he represents this of Lay Readers, either as a new Project; for (as I quoted above) there is a Law of the country for it, duly put in practice, where there is no minister to officiat; or as a Project of mine. rhe thing I would have rectiield in it, was that I understood those Readers took upon thenm to read what Sermons they thought lit; and I was fIor their reading only the I lomilies. h'lis meeting with some opposition (for it was idledged, if nothing but the I lomilies were read, the people would not come to Church), it was with the Govern" consent accommodated thus, that where there was a minister in the Parish, the minister should direct what Sermons the Reader should read at the distant Church or Chappel; an(d where there was no minister, the Commissary should do it. But for the horrid Inuendo this part of my Accusation is capable of, as if ministers were hereby intended to be laid aside, and Lay Readers sett up in their pl1ce, and so the Establishment of tile Church destroyed; there was never any such thing thought of, far less argued for in Council. I have upon all occasions acquainted your Lordship, & your Predecessor, when vacancies fell by the death of ministers, & pressed for a speedy supply, & whenever the) camie in, they were immediately provided with Parishes, if the Govern' himself did not delay them. AccusxTowN. These and many other Instances, that might be given, induce me to believe that a Reformation of what has chielly (as I apprehend) givell occasion to your Diocesan's Letter, will not be pressed very heartily upon you by your Coolmissary; especially if he mIade no such solemin promise at his Ordination, as his Lou reminds you all of. Wherefore 1 judge it to be more Incumbent upon the Several members now in this Convention, diligently to enquire of tile Dis 1719.1 232 orders which your Diocesan takes notice of, & earnestly to apply yourselves to proper means for redressing them. ANSWER. Whether I did heartily press Reformation in pursuance of your LoP" Letter, your Lordship will more readily apprehend from the copy of my speech to the Convention, than from these hard prognostications of it. And tho' by means of this Letter of the Gov'', and other more clandestine prepossessions, they were stifficiently enflamed, your Lo' will observe, that instead of accusing me of any irregularities, when I put the question, whether any person knew of any that did not punctually conform to the Established Lyturgy? they answered only that there were several things, which were not observed by any, by reason of the circumstances of the country; which particulars were ordered to be mentioned by the Commnitty appointed to answer your Lordship's Letter, & that your LoP" directions be requested therein. But the worst Inuendo of all is a doubt here suggested, and more industriously cultivated in his private insinuations, at least the Insinuations of his Emissarys, as if 1 never had Episcolal Ordination. The (;ov indeed words it somewhat doubtfully, " Especially (says hel) if le made no such promise at his Ordination, as his l.o' reminds you all of." I le was satisfied )before, that I was ordained with lEpiscopal (rdination in Scotland. The doubt he here suggests is concerning the form of that Ordination, whether it had any such Stipulations in it as the English form has. I had told him that I was ordained by the very Same English book of Ordination, as indeed I was. But if he would not believe that, having it only from my own Testimony, he might have remembered that I shewed him my License under the hand & Seal of your Lordship's Predecessor, in which among other things is certified that I promised to conform to the Lyturgy of the Church of England as by Law established: So that there was no occasion for throwing out this Reflection. These are the Accusations I am charged with in that Letter: the Summe of which is. I. A difference in opinion about Presentations, which I own, and have given your Lordship my reasons for it; which yet I humbly submit to your more mature Judgment. 2. Some very few irregularities as to the Lyturgy; which were owing partly to Sickness & weakness disabling me at that time to perform the whole Service; and partly to the circumstances of the 233 [1719. country, which will not admit of an exact conformity as in England. This will be more fully explained in the Clergy's Answer to your Lo*g Letter. But that all this heat and anger should break out now, when the pretended causes of it were the same all along, both during his nine years' Government, & all his Predecessors' from the first seating of the country, every body here observes is owing to his late resentments, because I could not go along with him in several late innovations, which have given such distaste to the country, that our House of Burgesses have complained of them to his Majesty. Had he taken the advice of the Council, he might have made himself and the country easy. But he is so wedded to his own notions, that there is no quarter for them that go not into them. He is now endeavouring to remove several of the Gentlemen of the Council of the most unblemished character. But his resentments having more ways to reach me than any of the rest, he has exerted himself to the utmost in his endeavours to ruin me both with the College, & my Parish, & with your Lordship. But your Lordship's backwardness to discard an old Servant without some crime proved against him, and the clearness of my Title to be President of the College by the Charter, and the Love of my Parishioners give him great uneasiniss, tho' my interest is a very unequall match for his. The fair, candid way, with which your Lordship has used me, notwithstanding the vast pains has been taken to supplant me with your Lordship, has laid me under great obligations of gratitude, & the highest esteem of your Lordship's Candour and Justice. I doubt not there are many other things laid to my charge, which I have never heard of, and therefore can't answer at this distance. But if your Lordship will give me leave to come home, I hope I shall be able to clear my self of all imputations to your Loi, as I had the good fortune to do in the like case formerly to your LoP" Predecessor, who sifted all those matters to the bottom. I hope your Lordship will pardon all this trouble; God forgive them who have occasioned it. I am only on the Defensive. The Equity of my Judge gives me great boldness, knowing that I have endeavour'd to keep a good conscience, & that whereinsoever I have Erred, I am ready to submit to your Lordship's judgment, & to correct whatever you think amiss in my conduct, being with all Sincerity, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obliged & most Obedient Servant, - JAMES BLAIR. 1719. 234 M1. COMMISSARr'S Remarls on the Governour's Letter to the Parish of S' Anne's, relating to Collations; which he promised the Convention to Answer. The full Copy of the Said Letter is inserted in the Minutes of the Convention. Passing by some other things in this Letter, what is material to this dispute is answered as follows: SETErtR. You immediately discarded Mr. Bagge, and sent down M'. Ransford with a pretended Presentation for Induction. ANs. The Case in this part seems not to be rightly stated; for Mr. Bagg was not III possession, 1)ut M'. Rainsford; and therefore MI. Bagg can't properly be said to he discarded. The Presentation was informal, and therefore rejected, but was found to be from them who had a Right to Present. 1.1: rni. A late opinion of the Council, whereby it is declared that the Right of Supplying Vacant Ilenefices is claimed by the King, and his Maj"** Commiission to the Governour, ANs. That was a vOry thin Council: not above six presrilt, and it was often said by them who carried that Vote that they determined nothing concerning the point of Right; only that it seemed to them, by what the Governour read to them, that the King claimed it. LETTER. You have taken upon you the power of Induction by giving Mr. Rainsford possession of the pulpit, & excluding the person I appointed to officiate. ANS. M'. Rainsford had been long in possession, and Mr. Bagg was come to exclude him. LEERci. You will find the Board clearly of opinion that I ought not to receive such Presentation, nor grant Induction upon it; and accordly I now tell you, that I do refuse to admit Mr. Rainsford upon that Presentation: So that if you are the Patrons (as you suppose) you may as soon as you please bring a Quare impedit to try your Title, and then it will appear whether the King's clerk or yours, has the most Rightful 235 [1719. possession of your Church. In the meantime I think it necessary hereby to forewarn you to be cautious how you dispose of the profits of your Parish, lest you pay it in your own wrong. ANs. The Board of Council here spoke of rejected this Presentation purely for the informality of it, being a Presentation and Institution all in One. But at the same time they own'd this Vestry had the Right of Presentation: whereas in the manner this is here represented, they are made to believe that it was rejected on account of their having no Right to Present: and so in the end they are feared as if they were in danger to be made pay the profits again, of which there is not the least hazard, for both clerks can't have these Profits. LE:TrrER. By the same hands it's like you received such another piece of news, Viz: That M'. Commissary Blair advised your insisting on your Right, for that you had the Law, and the major part of the Council of your side. I have taxed 'P. Commissary with this, and he has publickly denied it, & even given it under his hand that he never said sluch a thing: hut if he did, the Unclosed Proccedings of the Council (wherein he joyned) will con\'ice you how imuch he was mistaken. ANs. There are two things here averre:d of 'Ni. Commissary, in both which he thinks matters arc' reI''l)esnted of him undetlr a wrong aspect; tirst, that he publlickly denied and had even given it under his hand that he had never said such a thing as that lthe Parish ihad the IL.aw, & tlhe major part of the Council of thleir side: whereas what ihe t!dnilited and gave un1ihr his handml rteliting to this matter can have no such nianing. Tle worlds at these: " As to the controversy bhtwcen the Vestry and Nl'`. lagg, as it was begun & carried otn without my knowledge or medling in it, I anm astonished to hear that I sliould be quoted as an Author or Abettor of the contest. I do not suffer my self to be so far engaged, but that with an unbyassed mind I shall be ready to be determined oni whatsoever side the strength of the argument shall appear, if ever it conies before me as a judge in the Gen' Court. Because i'. Commissary denyes himself to be an Author or Abettor of the contest, begutn and carried on without his knowledge, he will inferre that lie denyes ihe had ev\'r said they have the Law or the Council of their side. As to the otlier thing averred of,M. Cotmmissatry, that if lie did say this, the enclosed proceedings of the Council (wherein lie joyn'd) will convincet them how tmhiuc he was mistakitn. If by the enclosed Proceedtings of the Counicil lie mneant the rejecting thelir Presentation (for lie joyn'd in no other Proceedings of that l'arishi), that being I119.] 236 rejjected only because of the informality of it, can be no decision of the Point of Right; nor a conviction to any person that they have not the Law and major part of the Council of their side. But now to come to the Governour's arguments for this Right. AR(;. 1. As the King is the Sovereign of these Plantations, So is he vested with the Right of Patronage of all Ecclesiastical Benefices, unless where it appears he has by apt words granted the same away to Privat Subjedts. ANs. To say nothing of the Original of Patronages, which have been in the Founders of Churches, Glebes, & Benefices: (and the Parishioners of Virginia are the Founders of all these), it secmfs by a law in being viz: The fourth in the Printed Book standing unrepealed, the Presentation is given to the Parishion'rs & the Induction to the Governor. For the Title of the Law is, Atiiis/e)'s to b Indudced, and in the Body of it, after it has spoken of their due qualifications, follow these words with relation to presenitation & Induction, "Upon which the Governor is hereby reuquested to Induct the said minister into any Parish that shall make Presentation of him." Are not these alt words especially considering that the nmeaning of them is atflliciently explained by the constant practice ever since, which is albtve seventy years without interruption? Autc. 2. 'Ihat tis majesty doth claint this Right here in Virginia, appears by the Cotmmission under the broad Seal, wherehy his majesty gives to his Gtoern, full polwer & authority to Collate any person or Plersots to any 'loCutrches, Chappels or other Ecclesiastical I lendices, as often as any of them shall become void (which power is also expressly excepted (ut of the Bishop of London's latent as Ilishop of the Plantations) and in his majestie's Instructions the Governour is particularly directed as to the qualifications of the Persons so to be collated by him, and enjoined to cause all Persons not so qualified to be removed, and immnediatly to supply the Vacancy, without giving notice to the Vestrys, which is always done in England (in the case of Deprivation) where there is a Patrone. This shows that the King acknowledges no other Patron here but himself. ANs. As to the authority to collate by his majestie's Commission, expressly excepted out of the Bishop of London's Patent, it appears by the Instruction excepting it, that if it had not been excepted, it would have been still a 237 l179. Bransch of the Bishop's Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction. The words of the Instruction are these, "And to the end the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of the Said Bishop of London may take place in that his ma~'" Colony, as far as conveniently may be, his majesty doth think fit that you give all Countenance & Encouragement in the Exercise of the same: Excepting only the Collating to Benefices, Granting Licences for marriage, and Probat of Wills; which his majesty has reserved to you his Governour, or the Commander in chief of the said Colony for the time being." It is to be observed from this Instruction that this power of Collating to Benefices (as well as Licences for marriages, and Probats of Wills, with which it is joined), is excepted out of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of the Bishop of London; and therefore the power of these three things being given to the Governour, is no more than Constituting and declaring him the Ordinary or Bishop as to these three things. He is therefore by this power of Collation, to have it the same way & after the same manner as the Bishop would have had it, if it had not been excepted out of his Platent: that is not as Patron, but as Ordinary, who plres('nts jure devoluto. "lThe (ove.rnolltr 'does not pretend that the Ordnlinary tua (O)rdinary has the P'atrw(nag'is, or can lIprsent to thlmn any other way than biy LIapse. Anid it is plaiin from the last ipuotedl Instrtnction that in the point of' Co'llations to leneli~es, he has only the Ordinary's ~powetr, anld therefore is not to lprcsut but by Lapse. And as to the rest of' the powers here entuerated. they are made up partly of Instructions, and piartly of the (Goernoulir's glossis upon theil, that onle cali't easily distinguish the one froim thell' ther, And the* lIstriltctioln sepiarated' frollim those (!loses will not illflrre the Cionclusion lie draws fromll it. 'Thisb will be oiiire plain when the Instruction is set doiwii by it slfl, which is as follows! ",You are not to prilferre ainy Minister to any Ecclesiastical Benefice in that his MajI"" Colony, without a Certificat from the R1 Reverend the Lord Bishop of London of his being Conformnable to the Doctrine & D)iscipline of the Church of Englandll, andl of goo(d l.ife & Conlversation, And if any Person already prefeitlrred shall appear to )'you to give Scainl ithllv r by his doctrine or maniners, youi are to uise the best Imeans li the relliiivall of him, and to sllpply the Vacancy in such a inanner as his Majesty) has directed." Froin which it aplpears this lnjunction relate-s only to the ittalificatioui; of the Clergy, not to tilhe Right of lPatronages. And those mlost mlaterial words in the Argumtllllent; imm'ia// to supply the Vacancy, withu/ /'ivin~g4 /t./ice lo /hc 1719.] 238 Vestrys are no part of the Instruction, but only glosses upon it. And therefore no argument can be drawn from them; tho' perhaps they might have great weight with that Vestry, which could not tell but that they might be all the words of the Instruction. AR(;. 3. But besides this Commission, there is a further and very early Evidence of the King's not looking on the Law you hinge on, to give the Vestrys any Right of Patronage. 'Tis a Lease made by King Charles the 2d to the Lords Arlingtoune & Culpeper of the whole Territory of Virginia for 31 years, wherein among other things there is this remarkable Grant viz: "And we do further give & grant unto the said I lenry Earle of Arlington & Thomas Lord Culpeper that they &c, shall for & during the said Term of 31 years be sole and absolute Patrons of all Churches & Chappels already built or hereafter to be built within the said Territory &c." Now the Grant being made in 1672, just ten years after the Law for Inducting of ministers past here, is it to be supposed that the King's Council at Law, who prepared the Grant, and the Lord Chancelour, who put the Great Seal to it, would have Sufftred it to pass, had they judged it incompatible with a Law of the Colony so lately enacted, that it must have been yet fresh in memory: especially considering the Lord Chancelour was always one of the Committy for forreign Plantations. And even the then Governour, Council & I louse of lBurgesses, tho' they sent home Agents to remonstrate against this Lease, did not plead that this Grant of the Patronage ofl Churches was reptugnant to the Right of the Vestries. Neither could the Agents prevail to get the Grant set a side, tho' they were particularly charged to endeavour it. ANs, All that is here said to sliew they must have been applrized of the Virginia Law has very little weight in it; for to this day there it very little known in England of the Laws of Virginia; and much less was known then: for till Bacon's Rebellion (which put the Crown to the Charge of a great Sum of money to Supprtss it), \'irginia was very little consider'd, The incompat. ibleness of giving the Presentation to the, Parishoners & yet making these Lords the sole and absolute latrons is very plain. That rant was so illegal that the King thought lit to buy it off. And if their King meant to give the same thing to his Governours, why is there no Such Grant of Patronages, Presentations and advousons producted; as is to be seen in that Lease; but 239 [1719. hid under the &c; but in stead of that only a Grant of Collations, as they are a branch of the Episcopal jurisdiction? ARG. 4. If you consider Sir Edward Northey's Opinion (which I find mentioned in your letter), it is plain he never had the King's Right under consideration; nor doth he at all determine that the Vestrys are the undoubted Patrons: but after he has cited the several Laws relating to the Church, he declares that the Right of Advouson must be subject to the Laws of England (there being no Liw of this Country that gives any further directions therein), and the whole Scope of his arguments thereafter is only to shew what is the practice in England, where there are such undoubted Patrons; which is but Supposing what the King has not yet yeildel in this Countrey; seeing he still claims the Right of Supplying the Vacancies of all Ecclesiastical Benefices, as the Council have declared to be the true meaning of his Majesty's Commission and Instruction. ANS. Sir Edward Northey is very positive that "the Gov' must Induct on the Presentation of the Parishioners, & that the Incumbent so inducted is in for Life;" and that the Governour's part is only to collate upon Lapse, "If the Parishioners, says he, do not lpresnt a Minister to the Governour within Six months after any Church shall become void, th( Governour as Ordinary shall & may Collate a Clerk to such Church by Lapse; and his Collatee shall hold the Church for Life'." li e declares his opinion too plainly, that the Governour is the ()rdinary and ishop of the Plantation, It is strange after all this, when upon perutsal of all our l.aws relating to the Church, he gives ' Right of Presentation to the Parishioners, and makes it the (GoV'" duty to *:ilct tupon that Presentation; and amnitts of the (overnour's Collations.nly in case the Parishioners do nort Presit a minister to thle Governour within Six months, after any Chulrch shall become void, that it shoull be said he hath not determined that the Vestrys (who act in the namne of the Parishioners) are the;Patrons. And it is as plain as can he that he had the (;overnour's Right under his considtration, when lhe tells uIs that Ihe acts as (rdinary, is to 1Induct upon t he Presentation of the Parishioners, or in Case of their Six Umonths' neglect to collate by Laplse. Whereas it is said that the whole Scope of Sir ldward's arguments is to shew the lPractice of England, where there are Such undoubted Patrons; it is plain that throughout he applies this practice to Virginia, & determines clearly how far the Virginia Law goes in 1719.] 240 giving the Presentation to the Parishioners; and the Bishop's part to the Governour; and where the Virginia Law is Silent, viz: The Effect of Induction, that it is for Life; The Lapse, that it is after Six months; when the Ordinarie's Collations take place; what is to be done in case the Parishioners have never presented, & in case being required they refuse to present: & what is to be done for the Supplying the Church during the Vacancy. All which cases he determines out of the Law of England, which are to take place here, when our own laws are Silent. Aiu;. 5. Lastly I shall sett forth to you the reasonableness of believing that the King Looks upon the Right of disposing of Benefices here to be still vested it the Crown. Every Minister sent hither is denominated one of the King's Chaplains employed in his Majie's Service abroad; and as such receives Twenty pound of the Treasury to defray the charge of his passage. If any of the King's Ships are are coming hither, the ministers have their passage & provisions gratis. The Bishop of London recommends them to the Governour to be preferred to some Ecclesiastical Living. But they bring no recoiamendation to any Vestry, as Patrons of the Churches; nor doth either the King or the Bishop direct or desire the Governour to intercede with the Patrons of the Churches here to bestow on such ministers the vacant Livings in their gift. Now to what purpose is the King at so much Expence to send over Clergymen to the Plantations, if they are to starve here till a Lay Patron thinks tit to present them? To what purposl doth the Bishop recommend them to the Governour, if he has no PrefOirments to bestow? To what purpose do they bring the Bishop's Testimonial and Licence to preach, if their qualifications are to be again tryed by a Vestry here, and they to depend on popular humour for their Livings? Can it be supposed that the Governour's Instruction prepared by the board of Trade (who are well acquainted with all the Laws of this Country) and after read & approved in Council, where the King's Learned Judges are present, should enjoin a Governoiuir upon the removal of a minister, imniediatly to supply the Vacancy without waiting the Six months' Lapse, & should not rather direct him to follow the practice of England by giving timely notice to the Patron to present another Clerk, if their Lordships had any imagination that the Laws of Virginia gave the Right of Patronages to the 241 [1719. Vestrys? Whatever wild notions some people may entertain of his ma"t" ministers entrusted with the Inspection of the Plantations, I am confident they would never advise his majesty to enjoin any thing repugnant to Law, and therefore till the King thinks fitt to alter my Commission & Instructions I hope I can't be blamed for not giving up a Right which his majesty has entrusted me with, unless it be otherwise determined by due course of law, to which I shall be as ready as any man to submit. ANS. The Title of the King's Chaplains gives no right to the Presentation, nor hinders any man to accept of a Living from any other Patron, without forfeiting his Title. Nor is the King's Bounty (which is given as an encouragem' for ministers to take the extraordinary pains of officiating in forreign Plantations) any proof of the King's claiming the Patronage; Since the King's design of having the Souls of his Plantation Subjects taken care of, will be equally answered, whoever has the Presentation. Nor does the Bishop of London's Letter of Recommendation of the ministers to the Goverpour prove this; for the Bishop knowing that Vacant Parishes, would be glad to be supplyed, without any regard to the persons who hav e Right of Presentation, signifies commonly the qualifications of the nmnitters both to the Governour & to the Commissary, and desire4 their assistance towards placing them in good Parishes. As to their bringing recommenodatons to the particular Vestries, it would be improper, seeing the Bishop usually knows not what particular Parishes are vacant. And yet there have been instances of particular Parishes that have desired my Lord Bishop of London's particular recommendation of a Minister for their Parish, without taking any Notice of the Governiour; as to the King or Bishop's sending ministers hither to starve, every body that knows any thing of this Country, knows that the vacant Parishes are as desirous of ministers, as the Ministers are of the Parishes, so that that argum' goes upon a very groundless Suggestion. Not that their qualifications are to be tryed again by the Vestry; but that of those who are qualified, like other Patrons, they may choose which to p)rcscnt. And if there were any thing in this that the (overnour's having the Livings in his hands is convenient, in order to keep the minister from Starving, which supposes the Parishioners negligent in providing a Supply of the Vacancy the Governour as Ordinary (in such a case) would be equally capable of providing a minister, by his Collation jure devoluto; so that the minister would be as 31 1719.1 242 well provided for one way as to'ther. Nay I think better, because he would have more Strings to his bow. If the Vestrys vwere refractory, the Governour as Ordinary could Collate jure devoluto. And if the Governour were humoursome, then the Vestrys could make use of their Right of Presentation, But one of the weightiest Arguments of all those enumerated in this place, is taken from the Governour's Instructions, which, as they are here quoted, enjoin him upon the removal of a minister, immediatly to Supply the Vacancy, without waiting the Six Months' Lapse. But as I said before, this is not the Instruction, but a mixture of Instruction & Gloss together; the Instruction having none of those Words immediatly, & withou! waiting- the Six months' Lapse: 'The naked words of the Instruction, as to this point, being these that follow: "And if any person already preferred shall appear to you to give Scandal, either by his doctrine or manners, you are to use the best means for the removal of him, & to supply the Vacancy in such a manner, as his majesty has directed," Which bear no such Sence, but what will suit with the duty of Ordinary, and supplying the vacancy by Lapse or otherwise, viz: either getting the Parishioners to provide within the Six Months, or providing himself if it exceed it. 243 E1719. AN ACT of f Generall Assembly of Virginia, 1662. Upon w C a RigAt?f Patronage is pretended to be establisbed in the Jestrys there. The opinion of Council, that y' King's RigAt, of Collation to Benefces, and through Him the Gov'$, remains untouched; and that Rrght is not in / Vestries, 179* Copy of an Act pass'd in the General Assembly of Virginia, the 23 d Match 1662. Upon which a Right of Patronage is pretended to be establish'd in the Vestrys here. MINISTERS TO BE INDUCTEI). That for the Preservation of Purity & Unity of Doctrine & Discipline in the Church, & the right Administration' of the Sacraments, no ministers be admitted to officiate in this Country but such as shall produce to the Governor a Testimonial that he hath receiv'd his Ordination from some Bishop in England, & shall then subscribe to be conformable to the Orders & Constitutions of the Church of England & the Laws there establish'd, upon which the Governor is hereby requested to induct the s" minister into any parish, that shall make Presentation of him; And if any other person pretending himself a minister, shall contrary to this Act presume to teach or preach publickly or privately, the Governor & Council are hereby desir'd and impowered to sLIspend & silence the Person so offending, & upon his obstinate persistence, to compell him to depart the Country with the first Convenience as it hath been formerly provided by the 77" Act made at James City the 2d March, 642. VESTIRYS All)['I'NTEID. That for the making & proportioning of the Levys & Assessments, for building & repairing the Churches & Chappels, Provision for the poor, maintenance of the ministers & each other necessary Uses, & for the more orderly 1719.] 244 managing all parochial Affairs; Be it enacted that 12 of the most able men of each parish be by the major part of the sd parish chose to be a Vestry out of which number the minister & Vestry to make choice of two Church Wardens yearly, & in Case of the Death of any Vestryman or his Departure out of the parish, that the sd Minister and Vestry make Choice of another to supply his room; And be i/furJher enacted, that none shall be admitted to be of the Vestry, that doth not take the Oaths of Allegiance & Supremacy to IHis Majesty, & subscribe to be conformable to the l)octrine & Discipline of the Church of England. Copy of the powers granted by the King to the Gov' of Virginia for supplying Vacant Benefices. CLAUSE IN THEI GOVERNOR'S COMMISSION. And We do further give & grant unto you full power & authority to collate any person or Persons to any Churches, Chappels or other Ecclesiastical Benefices within Our s" Colony as often as the same shall happen to be void. S9f3 ARTICLE OF TIlE, KING'S INSTRUCTIONS TO TiHE (;OVERNOR. You are not to prefer any minister to any Ecclesiastical Bcnelice in that Our Colony, without a Certificate from the R' Rev" Father in God the Lord Bishop of London of his being conformable to the D)octrine & D)iscipline of the Church of England, & of a good Life and Conversation, & if any person preferr'd already to a Benefice shall appear to you to give Scandal, either by his I)octrine or Manners, You are to use the proper and usual means f'r the Removal of him, & to sulpply the Vacancy in such manner as We have directed. N.A. The power of collating to lenecices in Virginia is expressly excepted out of the Bishop of London's Jurisdiction & by him also excepted in his commission to I lis Commissary. All ministers bring Letters commendatory from the Blishop desiring the Governor to prefer such minister or ministers to some vacant Benelice; And accordingly the (;()iovern-'()' 5s'11is the minister so reco mm,'nded (after having seen his ()rderts & T'cestimonials) to such vacant Parishes as he thinks lit. Also it's to be noted that every Clergyman coming into America receives,20 out of the Treasury, as the King's Chaldins employ'd in I lis majesty's Service, 245 [171-9. Qumere. Whether by the power aforesaid the King doth not claim the Right of Collation to all parishes here? 2d. Whether the Right of the Crown is abridg'd by the Act, Intituled ministers to be inducted, so as to intitule the Vestrys to a Right of patronage And Whether the Governor be thereby restrain'd from collating to vacant Benefices or granting Induction, except only where the Vestry present their Clerk? 3". If the Vestry have the Right of patronage, Whether they can place in their parish any Minister without the License of the Gov" who in this Case is put in the place of the Ordinary? Or can they remove such minister at their pleasure, without any Offence prov'd, before the competent Judge having Cognizance of such Offence? Mv Lowls, In Obedience to your Lord)" Commands, I have perus'd the above written Clauses, & considerd the Questions arising thereupon, & since the prerogative of the Crown cannot be lessend or taken away by any general Words whatsoever, but only by express terms; I am of Opinion that notwithstanding any thing contain'd in them, the King's prerogative remains untouch'd & entire as to his Right of collating to Vacant Benefices, I am, My Lords, Your Lordship's June 27t 1719. most Obedient humble Servant. RICHO WEST. My Loiws. I dont apprelhend that the Act entitl'd (ministers to be inducted) has taken away that power & Right vested by His Majy in the Governor to collate to such Benefices. The Words of the Act are only that he be requested to induct a Minister where the parish recoimnend him and the King's Right cannot be taken away by any such Words. 'The King has the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in him over the, plantations and if he has not parted with it to the Bishop of London in this particular (as it seems he has not). The Gov' by the Authority transferr'd to him, may exercise this Right & I conceive the Vestries have no pretensions to it by that Act or any other Way. Sign'd March 5'0 172o W* THOMPSO N. 1719.] 246 Mr. JONES to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIRGINIA, May 30, 1719. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR LORIADSIIP, With this I send you a Copy of the Journal of the Convention, held here in pursuance to your Lordship's letter to the Clergy of this Colony dated Aug. 6, 1718. I presume you will be pleased to excuse anything that we may have done improperly, or omitted, since our intentions were right and conscientious, tho' we were by cunning artifice prevented from acting several material things, which we designed, and diverted from the most proper manner of performing what we have done. The minutes from whence we formed our Journal were somewhat obscure and confused, but we have followed the letter and true meaning thereof as near as possibly we could. We repose such confidence in your Lordship's goodness, that we trust you will not, by any false insinuations, prevarications or malacious aspersions, be misled from commisscrating and assisting the deplorable state of the Church here; but that you will with patience & true Christian Zeal, examine into & protetct the cause of our distress'd Sion. Several concurring circumstances induce most here to believe M'. Commissary never had any but Presbyterian Ordination. A Copy of what he produced in a great confusion & confess'd was all the letters of Orders he ever had, I send you inclosed. Thro' the favor of our good Gov', James' City Parish has accepted of me to Preach for 2-3" of the Salary 2 Sundays in 3; but they still hire their Clerk to read prayers & preach every 3rd Sunday; which may seem strange to your Lordship, but (1 believe) not so very wonderful as the proceedings of the vestry of Hanover Parish, who have built a Chapel & levied a Salary for a layman of Enthusiastical principles, tho' they have a good Church of England minister in their Parish. 'The vestries are seduced to wrong measures by seeming interest, and are craftily led into wrong notions, upon which they found their imaginary power, & esteem a former opinion of Sir Adward Northey, and a late one of Sir Rolb Raymond, to whom their case wla\va flsI'l\ statled, to be.(inf1lible confirmations of (heir authority in the Chturch, I lthope you"r LIordshilp will pardon this, my trouble 247 (1719. some freedom, and grant me your benediction & prayers, & believe that I am, My Lord, your very much obliged & most dutiful humble Serv', HUGH JONES. M'. Inglis being dead, I have undertaken to assist the Usher till your Lordship can send on a good master, to do which, I understand, the Governors of the College Design to request you. A COPr of thie letters of Orders produced by the Com"tn. WILLIAM & MARY COI.IGE, IN VIRGINIA, Apr. 9, 1719. The Convention requested to see M'. Comn Blair's letters of Orders, & what he produced was as followeth, on paper, without Witness or Seal or Stamp, viz: To ALL CONCERNED, these are to certify & declare, that the bearer hereof, M'. Ja" Blair, Presbyter, did officiate in the Service of the I loly Ministry as Rector in the Parish of Cranston, in my diocese of Edinburgh for several years preceding the year 1682, with exemplary diligence, care and gravity, & did in all the course of his Ministry, behave himself Loyally, Peaceably & Canonically, & that this is a truth I certify by these presents, written & Subscribed with my own hand, the 19t' day of Aug', in the year 1684. JO. EDINBURGH. CASE OF GERMAN FAMILIES. TIM1, CASE Of thirty-two lProttstant Gi'rmanl Inilies slettld it Virlginia humbly Sh,,wý eth: ''lThat twelve Priotestant Germnt liutilies, consisting of' about fifty per 1 7 1 9.] 248 sons, arrived April, 1714, In Virginia, and were therein settled near Rappahannok river. That, in 1717, twenty protestant German families more, consisting of about fourscore persons, came and set down near their countrymen. And many more, both German and Swiss families, are likely to come there and settle likewise. That for the enjoyment of the ministries of religion, there will be a necessity of building a small Church in the place of their settlement, and of maintaining a minister, who shall catechize, read and perform divine offices among them in the German tongue, which is the only language they do yet understand. That there went indeed over with the first twelve German families, one minister, named Henry Hceger, a very sober, honest man, of about 75 years of age; but he being likely to be past service in a short time, they have impowered M'. Jacob Christophle Zollicoffer, of St. Gall, in Switzerland, to go into Europe and there to obtain if possible some Contributions from pious and charitable Christians towards the Building of their Church, and bringing over with him a young German Minister to assist the abovesaid M'. Hl~rger in the ministry of religion, and to succeed him when he shall dye; to get him ordained in England by the Right Reverend Lord Bishop of London, and to bring over with him the Liturgy of the Church of England, Translated into High Dutch, which they are desirous to use in the public worship. But this new settlement, consisting but of mean persons being utterly unable of themselves both to build a church and to make up a salary sufficient to maintain such assisting minister, they humbly implore the Countenance and encouragement of the Lord Bishop of London, and others, the Lords, the Bishops, as also of the Venerable Society for the propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts. That they would take their case under their pious consideration, and grant their usual allowance for the support of a Minister, and if it may be so, contribute something towards the building of their church. And they shall ever pray that God may reward their beneficence both here and hereafter. 249 [1721. Col. SPOTTSIWOOD to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIRGINIA, Dec' I, 1721. My Lo)Rn, 1 am now to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's letter, in favor of the Revd Mess" Baily, Smith, Dell & Debutts, which have all been delivered to me by the respective bearers, since I did myself the honor to write to your Lordship in May last. As for M'. Bailey, he did produce the late Bishop of London's license to exercise the ministry in Maryland, but brought no recommendations from thence, & I'm afraid would be much embarassed to obtain such from any Parish where he has some time resided. However, as he at first thrust himself into a Parish in this Gov' against my will, & even in opposition to one of your Lordship's licenced Missionaries (M'. Jas Falconer), who had my collating letter to that Vestry, & as he afterwards got possession of another parish without any letter or act of mine, & has since been treating with a third; I must, how wrong soever I Judge these proceedings to be, remain passive until a weightier judgment than mine decides the controversy or else I shall raise thile old combustion in this Gov', & be in danger of D)rawing your Lordship's Com'Y upon my back again. And for this last reason, I dare say nothing on the subject, least it should touch him & he thereupon term it a breach of the Pacitication on my side; but your Lordship has now M'. I lugh Jones at home, who can plainly set forth what have been M'. Blair's principles and practice, with respect to the tenure of the Clergy's Livings in this Colony, & if upon hearing the Arguments your Lordship shall determine your Commissary's notions to be right, I shall be very ready to conform thereto. M'. Smith died lately in this Town, very much regretted by all that knew him here. NM'. D)ell is placed in Hungar Parish on the Eastern Shore, & M'. eb)cltts, in \Vashington Parish, in 'Westmort'land County; which are all the alterations that I kntow oft to bIe timade in the list of vacant Parislhes, sinc, A'. Blair's Itaving this Colony, besidet.s the D )eath of NI'. Andrews & the dlepartttre of M'. l'ownall; so that with theset rtemarks, youtr L.ordshil 's Ctttl' now at homet is able to give the list which you are pleased to rtequire, & therethorte I need troutble yotir l.ordship with no morte at li'sent 'frni, NIy l trd, yotur I ordship's most tltifiul & most obtlt humble Servant, SA, Sl(A )'S WOOi), 1723.1 250 Mr. BLAIR to the BISH' of LONDON. WILLIAMSBURG, IN VIRGuIN, Feby 10, 1723. MY LORD, I had the honor of your Lordship's letter by M'. Irwine, & return my most grateful acknowledgements for your goodness to me with relation to the Comm'r'" office in this Country. I hope you will likewise honor & Direct me, with your instructions from time to time, concerning my conduct in that employ, which I will endeavor punctually to observe. Bishop Compton Directed me to make no further use of my commission than to keep the Clergy in order; so that I have never pretended to set up up any spiritual court for the laity tho' there are enormities among them that want to be redress'd, & as to the Clergy, unless where they are notoriously Scandalous, I have found it necessary to content myself with admonitions; for if I lay them aside by suspension, we have no unprovided Clergyman to put in their place. At Present we have at least to vacancies, & no minister to supply them. The livings are Settled by law at 16,ooo lbs. of Tobacco per annum, besides Glebes & perquisites; & this in the sweet scented Parishes is better than ~ i oo SterIg: & in all the rest about /Oo. The ministers, where they are sober & good husbands, live very conimkrtably. One thing is a great discouragement to them (& no doubt hinders Clergymen from coming into this Country), that very few of them are inducted, but are kept upon agreements with vestries in precarious circumstances. This has run on so long by the connivance of our Governors, that tho' our Present Leiut. Gov' Major I )rysdall is of himself very willing to redress it, yet he thinks it not prudent to do it without an instruction from his Mlajesty to that purpose. I hope your Lordship will consider of it. The present precariousness besides the discouraging of good men to come among us, has very bad effects in preventing the improvement of the Glebes, and if the ministers marry, for that reason they can't match so much to their advantage as if they were settled by induction. I am loth to trouble your Lordship with too many things at once. Our present exigency requires a supply of Clergymen, & if it could be contrived to make them more easy in their circumstances, it will be a great help towards the better Govt of them, & will induce the Gentlemen of this Countrey to educate their sons for 251 [1723. the ministry, & to bestow their daughters upon the Ministers in Marriage. I doubt not your Lordship will have the Churches of America in your thoughts, especially this most considerable branch of the Church of England, which is in Virginia. All this, or whatsoever other advertisement I may give you from time to time, is entirely submitted to your Lordship's Superior Judgment & what ever commands your Lordship shall think fit at any time to transmit, I will make it my business to give you a good ace of them. I beg your Lordship's Benediction, & am, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obliged & most obd' Servant, JAMES BLAIR. M'. BLAIR to M'. FORBES. WILLIAMSIURGu, June 20, 1723. REV~ SIR, I take this opportunity by the return of the Burgesses to salute you & withal to acquaint you that altho' in yours of Nov' last, you tell me that you had returned my Arsas Montanus' Bible, I have never as yet recd it. I asked the Person who brought that letter, where the book was. He ansr' that you had forgotten to send it, but that it would be sent very speedily. I hope you will enquire for it, if it lies anywhere by the way, & send it me by some safe opportunity. I met with M'. Bailey and admonished him pretty sharply, but I do not hear that it has had the intended effect. I doubt I must proceed to greater severity against him and some others. But the difficulty is to find proof, there being many who will cry out against scandalous ministers who will not appear as Evidences against them. I have a very bad character of M'. Worthen, & I understand you have mentioned him in a letter of Complaint to the Gov'. I shall take it kindly if you can help me to any clear proofs of those scandals, for altho' because of the want of Clergymen to fill the vacancies, I choose rather to lean to the gentle than the severe side, yet certainly the Behaviour of some men is so flagrant that we had better be without min 1724.] 252 isters than to be served with such as are scandals to the Gospel. I wish you your health & success in the ministry in which you give so good example, and am, Sir, Your affectionate friend & most Humble Servant, JAMES BLAIR. My Brother Monro is far gone in a consumption. There is little or no hopes of his recovery. God prepare us all for our great change. MR. BLAIR to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILLIAMSHURGII IN VIRGINIA, May 13, 1724. Mv LORD, Thig is only to acknowledge the great favour of your Lordship's letter of Nov' 2 I~ which I lately recd together with the circular letters. I have transmitted them to the several ministers of this Colony & hope Shortly to have their answers, which I will take care by the first opportunity to send to your Lordship. Some of the queries to the commissaries (especially the last), are of such importance that they will require a good deal of deliberation, to ans' them right. I hope to have mine ready to transmit with those of the other Clergy when they come to my hands. In the mean time I return your lordship my hearty thanks for your most kind consideration of my case & declaration in my favour. It has effectually answered your Lordship's intent as to my Salary. But I am to acquaint your Lordship with some pressing circumstances of this Country which seem to require the Speeding of the commission. We have at present 2 Ministers (M'. Tho' Bailey & M'. Jn~ Worden) so very scandalous for drunkenness & fighting & quarreling publicly, in their drink, that many grievous complaints are brought to me against them & indeed the country rings of the Scandal given by them, & I am censured hard for not calling them to account, as I should certainly have done, if my commission had not ceased, upon the death of your Lordship's predecessor. I had proceeded no further than admonitions & threatenings. & they were more bold in 253 [1724. their extravagancies than ever, bragging that there is no power in the Country to meddle with them. As soon as my commission comes, I intend to make a visitation of their Churches, & if the Scandals are clearly prov'd, (as I doubt they will), to proceed to Suspension of their licence, which is only during the Bishop's pleasure. I have never made but 2 examples of this kind in all the time that I have been Comy, which is now 34 years, and indeed for want of clergymen we are obliged to bear with those we have, much more than we should do, if we had others to supply the vacancies. There is also another such scandal broke out among the laity, as I have never heretofore known in the country. There is a gentlewoman lately brought to bed of a bastard child, by her own brother of the father's side. I should be glad of your Lordship's direction what to do in this case; for, (by advice from Bishop Compton), I have only made use of my commission to keep the Clergy in order without meddling with the laity. I have nothing else at present to trouble your Lordship with, only to acquaint you that our vacancies increase upon us. Two of our oldest Ministers M'. Sclater & Mr. Clack are lately dead, & there are in the Country 14 or 15 vacant churches of which 3 are some of our best living, in sweet scented parishes, & are worth, in the worst years, about Z8o per Ann. besides Glebes, & in good years, perhaps double that sum. This opportunity being like to be lost, I am obliged to break off abruptly. I beg your Lordship's benediction, & am My Lord, your Lordship's most oblig'd & most obd' humble Serv'. JAs BLAIR. MHOs DELL to th/ BISHOP of LONDON. JUNE 1", 1724. My LoRD, Give me leave, the meanest of your sons, to congratulate your Lordship upon your call to the Gov' and administration of the Diocese of London which I believe happens by the Providence of God, since you so early & seasonably lay to heart the care of the Churches in these plantations, which is devolved upon you at a time, when it requires seasonable influences from 1724.] 254 home as well as interposition here, & as the Plantations & Constitutions here, are at a far greater distance (to use your own words), than the affairs of your Diocese at home, so you may rest assured that I on my Part, shall be ready on all occasions, as your Lordship's will & desire is, readily & faithfully to afford you such lights, if I may give any to him who is himself the greatest, that you may be able to form a right Judgment of things & discharge the duty in your high station, by the grace of God with greater certainty & success, I pray God to Continue your Lordship long a blessing to the Church & to put into the heart, as he hath begun, all other means of useful knowledge, which your Lordship gives us all the reason in the world, to be assured of, you will faithfully employ to the Service of Piety & Religion & the maintetance of order & discipline, so much wanting, in the Church. I have answered your paper of Enquiries. 1 hope I have not left void any part of my duty, according to the measure God has dealt unto me & as I have obeyed your orders in these respects faithfully & willingly, so I hope you will pleased on all occasions to give the best advice & assistance you can (as you can the best), in order to the successful & faithful discharge of my ministerial function. In the mean time I humbly crave with all submission, leave to submit to your Paternal consideration, the unhappy restraints we the Missionaries who are appointed to preach & propogate the Gospel in Foreign parts lye under from the Vestries, who are enough to take off or lessen your peculiar diligence, seriousness & circumspection in your obligations, which are over & above those which are common to us, with all other ministers of the Gospel, which encouragements have we or rather which discouragements, from using greater degrees oft dilig nce & assiduity to build them up in faith & practice, from the motives that they, are yet in their infancy's, when they dispute our very mission & hardly acknowledge us for guides or Pastors of them, believing it their right in precedence to the Go\v to make choice of such themselves like & then to make hirelings of them from year to year, notwithstanding they may have the licence of the Fathers of the Church, which has been my case, so that how to answer your Lordship's Query-" How long have you been Inducted?" I know not for the Parish where I am, will not induct any because they will not be confined to a minister notwithstanding they have no legal objections against him. Give me leave, my Lord, with yourself to lament that we have not among us, such a regular spiritual discipline, as being established & wisely administered might be a constraint upon persons of loose principles & cor 255 t1724 - rupt lives, which want I believe will be hard to supply, by a less than extraordinary diligence, to check & suppress vice & immorality of all kinds both by Public Preaching & private Exhortation, by reason right endeavours were not used, in the matters of catechizing in the last age, which might lay a sure foundation of Piety & Seriousness for this which may be imputed, partly to the neglect of the Sponsors or rather the Parents, who placed themselves, the fittest to stand for their own children, in opposition to the Canon of the Church. But when your Lordship recommends to us that the less assistance we have from the spiritual power to suppress vice & immorality the greater need there is to engage & secure the temporal, in that pious & (I pray God, it may be a successful), work, what will your Lordship say, when the inferior officers here are as deficient in Chh duties as the meanest, & are especially wanting, in my Parish I mean, in the duties of the Sacrament, nor Wiill be made conformable to the Liturgy of the Chh, so as to bear a part in its service either by proper gestures or responses, & that those who hbear the denomination of Xtians, are io time worse than infidels. I except the Gov' whose favor & protection, the concerns of the Chh & Clergy are always influenced by, whom I shall pay deference to as sent by King.George, of duty & allegiance, to whom I need not be reminded, since I have suffered the displeasure of my friends or relations in compliance to my duty to God, I shall avoid all concern in Civil affairs & by not giving offence, deserve respect, if not gain it, & do & shall preach both by life & conversation. One of your Lordship's Queries contained in the last article of your letter almost brought tears from my eyes (& I can hardly excuse myself when you enjoin, the conversion of infidels as one part of my mission) when I consider how they still grope in darkness at noon day, & how Xtians prejudice the lheathens against the (ospel. & hinder the Propogation of it, by their unchristian lives, 'tis truely a matter seriously to be laid to heart, I must confess. The means I use or hath been used by any before me, or as far as I have heard by any of my brethren, is ordinary Preaching, several I have baptized & some use the Church. This is a matter wherein I desire to be directed by your Lordship as to ways or means, how to bring them to a more perfect age in the Lord Jesus, whose hearts I beseech him to illuminate with his blessed gospel. As to infidels in Bonds, or Negroes, their masters will not, I have reason to believe, afford them time from their worldly *service to attend that of our Common Master & Saviour Jesus, & except they & the Indians had horses lent, or their Zeal would carry them on foot, 1724. 256 because of the remote distances, there will be occasion of good laws of the country, to second & back their endeavours. If your Lordship will be pleased by your prayers as I make no doubt as also by proper instructions to myself to recommend both me & them to the grace & protection of the bless'd Trinity, I shall as in duty hound pray for your longer continuance here on earth for the good of his Chh. This is & shall be the daily prayer of, Your Lordship's, Dutiful tho' unworthy son in the Lord Jesus, THOs DELL. GOy DRTSDALE to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILLIAMSBURGH IN VIRGINIA, July 10, 1724. MY LORD, I was honor'd with your Lordship's letter which was delivered to me by the Revd M'. Garcia: & in obedience to your Lordship's commands therein, I have presented him to the best Parish now vacant within my Gov' regarding him from your Lordship's character as a person of Public merit & deserving encouragement. I could wish we were indulged with a few more of the same profession, for I must assure your Lordship the Colony labours under great difficulties for want of Clergymen. Several Parishes lies unsulpplied; & has been in that condition years past, which gives occasion to Sectaries, visiting us, settling among us, & deceiving not the least ignorant. I take the liberty to enclose for your Lordship's perusal, a petition lately delivered to me. It comes signed from a settlement of French Protestants sent hither by the late King William. They bemoan their want of a French Minister, & beg relief; but as their allowance is not a sufficient encouragement for a person of such a character to dwell among them, I address myself to your Lordship in their behalf, for your interest with the Society for Propogating the Gospel to influence them to give a further addition that these poor religious may enjoin the Christian assistance they so much wish for. I beg your Lordship's acceptance of my due acknowledgments for those many kind & tender expressions you are pleased to honor me with in your own letter & in those you write to 257 L1724. M'. Commv Blair. I shall ever retain a just sense of them; & since I am possessed of a share in your Lordship's favor & remembrance, I am too much concerned in them not to use my utmost endeavours to preserve them & approve myself in all stations of life worthy of them. 1, in all dutifulness desire your Lordship's Blessing & Credit to the words with which I end this letter, which are that I am with the highest esteem, My Lord, Your Lordship's most Obdt & most humble Servant. HUGH DRYSDALE. I.UERIES to be answered by Persons who were COMMISSARIES to my PREDECESSOR. VIRGINIA, What public acts of assembly have been made & confirmed, relating to the Chh or Clergy within that Gov'? (A"'.) The substance of the acts is, the Chh of Engld is established; no minister admitted without Episcopal ordination; Vestries present & manage all parochial affairs; the English toleration of Dissenters takes place here; the Parishes are obliged to build Churclis, provide them with ornaments, to purcllase (;Glbes, to levy & pay the Miniister's Salary, 16,000 lbs of Tobacco per ann, & to build a dwelling house for the Minister. The minister is to Preach every Sunday at one of his Churches or Chapels, at the other in his absence Prayers & an Homily are to be rea;d by the Clerk. (W".) How oft hath it been usual to hold a visitation of the Clergy? how oft have you Called a convention of them? & what has been the business ordinarily done, & the method of Proceeding in such meetings? (A'".) At first conventions were once a year. This was found inconvenient especially when the Country is in 1Partics, for, or against a Governor. They are now only upon extraordinary occasions, as the accession of a King or Bishop. I call none now because I had not my commission. The method of Proceeding has been;-The Conm preaches a Sermon; delivers what he 1724.] 258 has in charge from the Bishop. The Comy presides; one of the Clergy is clerk, they have a free conference, concerning what the Comy, or any of the Clergy have to propose for the good of the Church in this Country. (QW.) ID)oes any Clergyman officiate who has not the B1O licence for that Gov'? (A*'.) All the Clergy at their first coming into this country exhibit the Bishop of London's license to the (;ov' & to the ConmY. I have known a few, (not above 3 in all imy time), arrive here that had licences for S. Carolina or Maryland. And some Parishes here, being in great want of Ministers persuaded themni to stay, buit in those cases I always took care to acquaint my Lord IV' of London & to have his alpprobation. (Q.) \\'What Parishes are there which have yet no Churches nor Ministers? (1"'.) All he Parishes have Churches, except a new erected Parish in Spotslyvantia, where the foundation is laid, but the Church not yet built, buit there are many Parishes want Ministers, viz: 5 Sweet Scented ones, XVare, Charles Parish, I )enbigh & Mulberry Island, S'. Margaret's & S'. John's Parish & about to Oranocco Parishes. (Q".) How is the revenue of the Churches applied which arises during the vacancies? (A*'.) There is no revenue at all that arises by th(. vacancy, for all the revenue of our Churches is raised annually by the vestries, by way of Poll tax & if there is no Salary to be paid, there is none raised: Commonly during the vacancy, the vestry employs a Minister of some neighbouring Parish to officiate once a week or once a fortnight on a week day or (if he is near enough), on a Sunday afternoon & pay hiti proportionably? ("') \VWhat are tlhe orditary Iprices of the necessaries of life there? (A"'.) All work of tra desten, & all merchant goods is about 40 or So j Ct. dearer here than in l'ngl but G(rain & meat are as cheap as in the Cheapest parts of Elng). '".) Can you sutggest an\ thing that may be serviceable to religion & conduce to the case of the Clertgy & their more comfortable subsistence, which you believe to be fairly Ipracticable & which will in no way interfere with the Authority of the Governor nor be judtged a-n infringment of the rights of the People? (AI'.) In ans' to this question there are 3 things I take leave to suggest. ". It would mightily conduce to the Service of religion & would no way inter 259 [1724. fere either with the authority of the Govr or the rights of the people, if any method could be fallen upon to supply the Country with good ministers, for certainly nothing does so great disservice to religion as the leaving so many Parishes destitute of ministers & the Supplying so many with very indifferent ones either as to their ministerial talents, or good life. There are 2 ways of doing this either by procuring a proper supply from Great Britain & Ireland, or by encouraging the education of. young divines at our College in Virginia, but I have so touch to say on this lhaI, that I choose rather to give it your Lordship in a Separate letter, than to Crowd it into the narrow comnpass of this paler. 28d. The meanness an(l badness of the Clergy, has begot such a mean opiinion of them, in the minds of the people, that this has had another very bad erlect, which both discourages worthy clergymen to adventure themselves among us, & proves very uneasy & grievous to those that are here. W\fhat I mean is, the precarious circumnstances upon which they hold their livings. No doubt your Lordship will observe that in ans' to that Query, how long have you been inducted into your living? the general ansr is, that they have not been inducted. F know not above 4 ministers in all the Country that are inducted; tho: rest officiate like Chaplains without any assurance of holding their livings but during their good behaviour & the good graces of the Vestry, this I observe has the following evil consequences. '. It discourages the better sort of Clergymen who hear of it, from adventuring into this Country. 2nd. The Glebes are much neglected & unimproved to what they would be if the Ministers were at a certainty as to the possession of them. 3". The Precariousness is a great disservice to the ministers in the business of their mtmarriage, whereas if they were well settled, they night expect creditable tItatches & good portions with their wives. Now if lthey marry & settle at all they tItust be contented with poor 1argains, & conseptiently are able to give but tinan education & portions to their children in thlir life tmlite & too cottittionly leave temo in tIecessitoos circumtistances when they colite to die. This samte precariousness is a great restraint upon the Miinister's freedom in reproving of vice, either in public or in private, being afraid to disoblige ally of. the gentlemen of their vestry. This evil practice has not the countenance of any law, only customo, & therefore I believe it is so much the moore necessary to put a stop to it in dine, A clear instrutction from his Majesty to our Gov' (who is a good friend to the Clergy & would be glad of such an instruction), to take care diat all the Clergy ie ittdticted, I hope 1724.] 26o would remedy this, but there is another difficulty in this affair occasioned by a controversy concerning the right of Patronage, the discoursing of which I must refer to a more private letter. 3rd. I have often thought that if the Parishes were obliged to pay the minister's Salary during the vacancy as well as during the incumbency it would have some very good effects for the service of religion & the Clergy. As to religion the parishes would be much more diligent in providing ministers for their vacant parishes, whereas now they are under some temptation not to provide, because while the Parish is vacant, they save either the whole or a great part of the minister's Salary in their own Pockets. And as to the clergy, the vacant Salary might be laid out to so good purpose in stocking & improving the Glebes, that in a little time they would be worth half as much more added annually to their other Salaries, but I doubt, this could not be done by a bare instruction unless the general assembly comes into it: which it is very probable they would do, if it were recommended to them by his Majesty. I say nothing of greater matters, particularly that of a Suffragan, which if put into the hands of a diligent, Zealous good man would conduce very much to the good Gov' of the Clergy. All this is submitted to your Lordship's prudent consideration & discreet management, from which we promise ourselves a particular blessing to these infant churches by, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obliged & most obedient Servant, WILLIAMsHUseGl, July 17, 1724. JAMES BLAIR. Mr Lo o, M'. Comr has Shew'd me the above questions & answers as also what he has added in a seperate letter about educating students in divinity, at the College in this Country & the induction of the Clergy; & as I know the facts to be truly stated, I am of the same opinion with M'. Comn as to the remedies & if your Lordship approves them, I will readily comply with what instructions your Lordship shall procure in those affairs. Having the good of the Clergy very much at heart, 1 am with due deference, My Lord, Your most obdt & humble Servant, HUGH DRYSDALE. 261 [1724. ~UERIES to be Answered by every MINISTER. WESTMINISTER PARISH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? One year. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I had no other Church. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? Yes. I ow long have you been Inducted into your Living. About six months. Are you ordinarily resident in tile Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am ordinarily resident. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? 30 miles in length and ioo families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? No; excepting Negroes and Mullatos. My means for their conversion is preaching and catechising. How oft is Iivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? One every Lord's day and Holy day and the number that attend are a hundred and sixty or thereabouts. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? 6 times a year. The Communicants are about 16. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? Every Sunday in Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of D)ivine Service? 1724.1] 262 No, but the Vestry are about it. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? The value of my living in sterling I do not know: it arising from Tobacco which is of an uncertain Value. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and Glebe but to no benefit to me as yet. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? The Vestry promise to rtlpair it for me. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served I have not. Ilave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? I have no public school. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? I have a Library of the Gift of the Revd I). Brays. There is an act of assembly impowering Vestries to visit Libraries. JAMES COX. S'. PAUL'S PARISH IN HANOVER COUNTY IN VIRGINIA. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I have been in this Colony 14 years last April. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I am still Vicar of Hawkston cuin Newton in Cambridgeshire, which is supplied by a Curate. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was licensed by I). Robinson, late Bishop of London. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? 263 [1724. I am not inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am constantly resident in my parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? My parish is 6o miles in length, 12 in breadth and I believe near 200oo families in it. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? I have no Indians in nmy parish. The Negroes (when their Masters desire it), are baptised, when they can say the Church Catechism. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? 'IThere are two Churches and likewise two Cliappels in my parish; each Sunday service is performed in the Churches and 9 months in the year on a working day at the Chappels all which are generally full, no less than 200 or 300 people at a time. l low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual mumber of Communicants? The Sacrament is administered 4 times a year in the Churches and twice in the year at the Chappels. The Communicants at the Churches are conmmonly above a hundred. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? Spring and Fall I catechise the youth. Are all things dtluly disposed and provid:dl in the Church, (or the decent and orderly performance of l)ivine Service? Yes. Of what. value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? 600ooo of Tobacco is our yearly Salary. I have indeed 3 thousand more for serving the two Chappels because they are a good distance from me. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the year? Or is it occupied by yourself? My Glebe is worth nothing and the House is quite out of repairs, as however in lieu of them, the Vestry allows me Casks to my Tobacco. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? 0. 0. 0. 1724.] 264 Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have no other Cure. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There are several Schools in my parish, but none endowed. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particuilar rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders hduly observed? We have no parochial Library. ZACH. IBROOKE, M.A. JAMES CITY PARISH IN VIRGINIA. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? My Lord, I arrived in Virginia on S'. Matthew's lay, 1722. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, vhat Church was it, and how long have you been removed? James City Church was my first, My Lord. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? Yes, My Lord. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? My Lord, I have had the living of James City ever since the 5'" of October 1722 but without Induction. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? My Lord, I am usually resident in James City parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? The parish of James City is about 20 miles long & 12 broad, and there are in it, My Lord, 78 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? My Lord, I can't say we have any freemen Infidels, but our Negroe Slaves imported daily, are, altogether ignorant of God and Religion, and in truth have so littll I )ocility in them that they scarce ever become capable of Instruc 265 D[724. tion; but My Lord, I have examined and improved several Negroes, Natives of Virginia; and I hope in God, that by a due observance of the Directions for the Catechists &c., printed by order of the Society for the propogation of the Gospel in Foreign parts I shall labour to plant that seed among them which will produce a blessed harvest. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? My Lord, Divine Service is performed in our Church at James City Two Sundays in three and on the third sunday I read prayers and preached at Mulberry Island Parish Church, and every Sunday in the afternoon I officiate as Lecturer at Williamsburg. Our congregation at James City Church generally consists of about 130. At Mulberry Island of about 200. And at the Lecture at Williamsburg, My Lord, we generally have above ioo souls. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? 4 times in the year at James City Church where we generally have between 2o and 30 Communicants, and my Lord, as often at Mulberry Island, where we for the most part have double the number. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? During lent, my Lord, throughout which Season I give them catechetical Lecturing. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? Yes, my Lord. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My Lord, two thirds of the living at James Town is worth about ~60. One third at Mulberry Island is worth about - - - 30. And the Lecture at Williamsburg is worth about - - - 20. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? My Lord, I have no house upon my Glebe, mnd therefore let it by the year. Is due care taken to preserve your House in gooc repair? And at whose expense is it done? My Lord, the parish of James City allow me about ~7 terling per annum and I find myself a house and keep it in irepairs. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? 34 1724.] 266 I refer your Lordship to the answer given to the last Enquiries in the preceding page. H-ave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have no public School, My Lord. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? SMy Lords, we have no parochial Library. WILLIAM LENEVE, Minister of James City. BRISTOL PARISH IN THE UPPER PART OF JAMES RIVER. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Almost one and thirty years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I had not any by land, but was chaplain of a man of war belonging to the English fleet, anno I692. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was Licensed by the Right Reverend D'. Compton, sometime Lord Bishop of Iondon. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I am not yet inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I always reside in this parish and have ever done so since I came to the Country. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? It is.4o odd miles long and about 25 miles wide, though in some parts of it thin seated. And there are about 430 families therein or I 0oo and odd Tithables. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and whatnmeans are used for their conversion? 267 [1724. None that I know of, except negro slaves and a few Indian Servants. I have several times exhorted their Masters to send such of them as could speak English to Church to be catechised but they would not Some masters i~struct their Slaves at home and so bring them to baptism, but not many, sucld How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? I have a Church and Chappel in which I officiate by turns and perform divine Service once every Lord's day in the one or the other if health & weather permits. As to the proportion of the parishioners that come to Church I am at a loss what to say. Only this, that our Church and Chappel are pretty strong in good weather, and very often more present than there are pews for. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? I administer the said Sacrament three times every year, viz: at Christmas, Easter, and Whitsunday and the usual number of Communicants is about 50. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? I used to Catechise once every year, viz: in summer after the 2"1 Lesson at morning prayer but I have not Catechised those 2 years last past; but 1 do this summer, and intend, God willing, to hold my former Custom of Catechising yearly. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? Yes, My Lord. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? A Minister's Salary here is I6ooo pounds of tobacco per annum without any Casks to put it in; but there are two sorts of tobacco made in this Colony, viz: Sweet scented and Aranoco, the first is more valuable than the last and the Ministers that live in parishes where Sweetscented is made have a better price for their tobacco than those whose Salaries are paid in Aranoco, as mine is, whliich one year with another is not worth above 45 or 6 pounds Sterling though sometimes, yet rarely, our Salaries will produce much mpre. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a Glebe 40 acres of barren land, not deserving of a house and consequently has none nor ever had. The land was never cultivated, and so I cannot derive any benefit therefrom. 1724.1 268.. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And iat whose expense is it (lone? Non-entis nulla sunt accidentia. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in whqt manner served? I have no more than one cure. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There is no public School in the parish but there are several private ones to teach children to read write and cipher, and the children's fathers hire those Schools and pay you out of their own pockets. Have you a I'arochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have none, my Lord. Your Lordship's most humble and Most Obed' Servant GEORGE ROBERTSON. S1 PETER'S PARISH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? One year and nine months. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? No, I was Schoolmaster & taught the free school at West Tanfield in Yorkshire & Curate of the Revd. Mr. Hutchinson, Rector of the said parish. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? Yes. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I am not inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Yes, into which I was admitted. 269 D 724. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? About 20 miles in extent, containing 2o4 families more or less. Are there any Infidels, bond or.free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? We have no infidels that are free, but a great many Negro bond slaves. Some of which are suffered by their respective masters to be baptised and to attend on divine service but others are n6t. How oft is D)ivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? )uly every Lord's day, Where commonly 170 or So souls attend. I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper ad;inistered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? Thrice in the year. And at each time we have 40 or 50 Communicants. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? I ha:ve not as yet, the youth through long disuse and neglect of my. p'redecessors, being incapable, &c: but shall, God willing, in Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of I)ivine Service? Ye.i. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My Salary is paid in Tobacco 16ooo weight per annum, (as usually that of other Ministers is), which may be worth 68o sterling more or less according to sale. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your (;lebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occulpied by yourself? 1 have a house and glebe, which I let for f/6.5 per annum. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? My house is kept in good repair at the expense of the parishioners. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have but one cure. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have no public Schools but some private, wherein children are taught to read, write, &c. 1724.I 270 Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? No, from my own certain knowledge and repeated informations of others I have given your Lordship as just and true an answer, to each particular as possibly I could, who am, with due submission your Lordship's most dutiful and obedient Servant, 11i'NRY COLLINGS. WESTOVER PARISH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I came over in October, 1716. I lave you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? On my arrival I preached at the churches of Weyanoke and Martinbrandon, some time after at Wallingford and James Town, all belonging to distinct parishes of the same names; having no settled abode or maintenance in any one of them though residing for the most part in Weyanoake parish till the year -720 at which time the assembly having dissolved the three tirst mentioned as also the parish of Westover and made out of the 4 two large parishes that of Westover on the north and that of Martinbrandon on the south side of James River, the former of that division falling to me, the churches of Westover, Weyanoake and Wallingford came from that time under my care. I-lave you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have your Lordship's predecessor's licence to perform the Ministerial office in this province dated the I2'c day of March, 1715. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I have not been inducted in the living above mentioned but have been received by the joint consent of the Governor and Vestry the in Feby, 1721. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have beed Inducted? I am ordinarily resident in the parish of Westover. Of what extent is your parish, and how many Families are there in it? My parish is about 30 miles in length and twelve in breadth and consists of 233 families or thereabouts 271 [1724. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are none of the latter, especially of those who profess the Church of England Worship, but many of the former and I take all opportunities both public and private to exhort all masters and mistresses to instruct their slaves in the principles of Christianity at home and to send them to church to be examined and instructed by me during the time of the catechetical exercises which I begin in April and continue every Lord's day to the latter end of June. Ilow oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Divine Service is performed once in three weeks in every one of my Churches and alout two thirds of the parishioners in each precinct generally attend it. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? Nine times yearly, that is 3 times in each Church and about Twenty five communicants in each, that is about 75 in the whole parish. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? From the first Sunday in April to the last in June, after the 2"1 Lesson in the morning. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? We have a large Bible and 2 Common prayer Books in Each Church, the upper Church that which goes by the name of \VWstover is provided with good Communion plate, a large silver Bason instead of a font, decent Communion Linen, Surplice, a Velvet carpet, cushion, and pulpit cloth, the charitable donation of M". Sarah Brayn's, relation of the present William Byrd, Esq.; the middle Church that of Weyanoake is provided with a small chalice and Patten purchased at the cost of the parish and that of Wallingford is unprovided of any of these. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? From L50 to ~60 Sterling arising from I6,ooo Weight of Tobacco and perquisites, viz: 40 shillings for every' funeral sermon, 20 shillings for marriages by licence and 5 shillings for marriages by banns and 40 shillings the rent of one of my glebes. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? 1724.] 272 There are two small glebes in the parish but neither of them have any buildings or improvements upon them; the largest is occupied by a tenant who pays me near the value of 40 shillings sterling per annum; the parish hath a fee simple in them both. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? My house and other improvements have been made at my own cost and charge upon Land which I purchased in the parish and must be repaired at my own expense. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? 1 have no more cures than that aforementioned. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have no public school for the instruction of youth and but two private ones for to teach reading and'writing; consisting of about 35 in scholars both and very indifferently attended by the Masters. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have no parochial Library. June the 18th, 1724. PETER FONTAINE, Minister. HUNGAR'S PARISH IN NORTHAMPTON COUNTY ON THE EASTERN SHORE. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Three years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I have had no other Church in the American parts besides that where I now am. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was licensed by your Lordship's predecessor. 273 [1724. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I have been here 3 years. The parish will not induct me because they will not be confined to a Minister. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am ordinarily resident but not inducted. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? 40 miles extent. Families 365 or thereabouts. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are infidels bond and free. No other means used throughout the Colony but ordinary preaching. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Divine Service is performed every Sunday in one or other of the Churches. Scarce one third of the parishioners attend it. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? Six times in the year; the usual number of Communicants in all the parish about 8o. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? In Summer several Sundays. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? No; we want a font for Baptism, Surplice, New Common prayer books, Communion Cloth and Linen, a platter for the Bread, pulpit cloth and cushion. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? ~53 sterling; it arises from Tobacco id Cwt currency of Virginia. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or-is occupied by yourself? I have house and glebe of I 5oo acres, let by the year. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Care has been taken to preserve the house in Repair, but not due care for good repair, done at the charge of the Parish. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? 3$ 1724.] 274 I have one parish; with two Churches, twenty three miles asunder which 1 frequent alternately. every Sunday. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There is no public School. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have no parochial Library. THOs DELL. NEWPORT, ISLE OF WIGHT. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Ten years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? S'. John in Baltimore, Maryland, and I have been removed 5 years. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have been licenced by your Lordship's Letter to our late Governor Alexander Spotswood obtained by the Revd. M'. Kirly about four years since. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? Not inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Constantly resident. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? Eight miles long and twenty in breadth, there are about 400 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? Both bond and free, and for their conversion baptism after instruction. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Every Lord's day three times at the Mother Church successively and two times afterwards 40 miles from the Mother Church and once at the Chappel 275 [1724. which is nineteen miles from the Church there are about 5 hundred persons constantly attending Mother Church and scarce that number at all by other places. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? Eight times a year, There are about 40 communicants which are constant. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? In Lcnt, after the 2*d Lesson. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? All things except font and Surplice. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? From ~'50 to 70 according to the rise or fall in Tobacco. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? None. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have one Cure (besides my parish) which is very small called Chuchutuck supplied every third Monday and sometimes on a Sunday when my parish please to give leave. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have 4, but none endowed, by Masters' hands; one M'. Hurst, M'. Irons, M'. Gills, and M'. Reynolds. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? I lave you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have no parochial Library. THOs BAYLYE. STRATTON MAJOR. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? 14 years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now 1724.1 276 possess; and, if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I was curate at Croxton in Cambridgeshire and at Eversholt in Bedfordshire, about 4 years. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of Loindon to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was Licensed by the Bishop of London, Sept' 9th 1708. How long have you been Inducted into your Living. Almost 13 years. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Always resident. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? About 18 miles in length and 8 in breadth; families between i 90 and 200. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? Generally negroes are unbaptised; they that desire it have it, the Church is open to them all. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Every Sunday, and in fair weather commonly about 300d and upwards attend it. Ilow oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? Four times a year and about 220 Communicants. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? In Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? All things except a font. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? It arises out of Tobacco and the value as uncertain as the Market; the charges dedlucted, it is worth about ~8o this year, 1724. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a Glebe occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? 277 [1724. The parish takes care to repair it. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have but one. I lave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? I have none. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? I have not. JOHN SKAIFE. WILMINGTON PARISH, JUNE 18', 1724. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? 8 years and 6 months, my Lord. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now' possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I have had no other. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I am not inducted nor ever had the opportunity of being so. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am ordinarily resident in Wilmington Parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? It is about 30 miles in length and nine in breadth and contains about I8o Families, white, Christian people. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? The white people who are generally Natives of Great Britain or Ireland or their dependants are Christians. The Negroes who are slaves to the whites cannot, I think, be said to be of any Religion for as there is no law of the 1724.] 278 Colony obliging their Masters or Owners to instruct them in the principles of Christianity and so they are hardly to be persuaded by the Minister to take so much pains with them, by which means the poor creatures generally live and die without it, I low oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? We have in this parish three Churches, (which nunber is also to be found in some others), at one, or another of these 1 otficiate every Lord's day in the Morning accordingi to its turn (except in case of sicklness). And here being no dissenters the Churches are generally 'well frequented. I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual 1mumbe\ r of Conmmunnicants? At each of the Churches at everv one of the 3 great festivals, and the number of coimmunicants at all the Chluirches is about to0. At what times do )you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? D)uring the Season of Lent and thenceforward till Whitsuntide. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? They are. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how (loes it arise? A minister's Salary in every parish in this Colony less or greater is the same, viz: 1 6,ooo lbs Tobacco. D)rawbacks upon it for Cask and pressing into weighty hogsheads about 2000ooo lbs T'obacco the collecting and pressing of this Tobacco is d(lone by the Churchwardens or his ID)eputy. We can rarely sell it here for Sterling or inldeedl Current Money which is 16 per cent lower, but we have yearly the opportunity of bartering it 1or Gootds, the price of which is generally double to what it is at home, and for Tobacco they) allow us as it is plenty or otherwise fron 8'." to to' I too lb. If we consign our lobacco to some Merchant in London or Bristol, (which we have yearly the opportunity of and most Ministers do), and it comes safe to his hand, still the value is uncertain, for the Market depends upon the quantity that is brought thither to be sold, however a Minister's Salary, (where the ''obacco is of the better species, viz: Sweet-scented as are about half the parishes in the Colony), has cleared at a Medium, for these 7 years last past about 8So a year. Have you a Hlouse and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the year? Or-is it occupied by yourself? 279 [172s4. Our Vestries having a discretionary power in all things relating to the Buying of Glebes, viz: (Quantity, Quality and Situation), do sometimes purchase very disadvantageously for the Minister. Hence was the Glebe of this parish so bad and inconvenient that I cannot occupy it, 'tis let by the year to a poor Man for Tobacco of about 40' value. Is dule care taken to preserve your I louse in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? The Glehe house is a Cottage containing one Ground room and a Garr7.tr above, the tenant repairs it, and has the charge allowed in his rent. I Iave you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And 14 what manner served? I have only the Curacy of Wilmington Parish. I lace you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have no public school nor endowment for that use: but here are several private schools and care is generally taken by parents that their children be taught to read. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have no parochial Library. JOHN BRUNSKILL. BLISSLAND PARISH, IN NEW KENT COUNTY. I low long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Above one and twenty years. Ilave you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? No. Ilave you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? No; the reason was I sailed from Bristol and had the opportunity of waiting on the Bishop of London at the Bath who advised ine to and was pleased to give his Letter of Recommendation to his Excellency Fr. Nicholson, Esq., then Governor of this Colony. 1724.] 28o I low long have you been Inducted into your Living? Twenty years. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Yes. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? 30 miles. 136 Families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? None, but Negro Slaves most of which are not capable of instruction those that art, and children, my own and many others, I have instructed and ilaptised. I low oft is I)ivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Every Sunday: the greatest part. I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? At both my Churches on our 3 great festivals. 60 or 7o. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? In Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? Yes. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? About ~80 a year.sterling. It's paid us in Tobacco. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? Yes: but it is of little or no value therefore not leased or let. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Where there is a house it's kept in repair by the Parish but there is no house upon my Glebe. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? No. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? No. 281 (1724. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Ilave you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? No. )AN'- CLAYLOR, Rector. YORK HAMPTON PARISH. Ilow long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I came over to Virginia in May 1721. 1 lave you had any otlher Church, lbefore you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? When I first came to this Government I was Minister of S1. Margaret's Parish in King Williamn Couny, and Novebnler 1722 I removed to York I lampton Parish of which I am now Minister. There are two Churches in this liarish one in York Town and the other at 8 miles distance from it. I lave you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was duly ordained and licensed by I). Robinson, late Lord Ilishop; of London, to officiate as a missionary in the Government of Virginia where 1 now am. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I have been Minister of this parish one year and seven months but without induction. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I ordinarily reside in York Ilampton Parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? Mly parish is about 20 miles in length and ablout 4 liles broad or about 9 miles square. There are about 200 families in it. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? I know of no Infidels in my parish except Slaves. I exhort their Masters to send them to me, to be instructed. And in order to their conversion I have set apart every Saturday in the Afternoon and catechise them at my Glebe House. 1724.] 282 How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? I read prayers and preach twice every Sunday, viz: In the morning at one of my Churches and in the afternoon at the other, as also on Christmas Day and Good Friday. About the two thirds of my parishioners are commonly present at Divine Service. I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? I administer the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper 8 times in the year; that is, 4 times at each of my Churches about Easter, Whitsunday, Michaelmas and Christmas. At my Church in York Town there are commonly about three score Communicants, and at my other Churchcl about 20. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? I have appointed every Sunday in the afternoon in Lent and to other Sundays in the afternoon Immediately after Evening prayer for the public catechising the youth, servants and slaves in my Parish. Are all things diuly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? All things are duly disposed and provided in both my Churches for the decent and orderly performance of divine service only surplices are wanting. But the Vestry will soon provide them. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My living is worth about 4150 per annum arising from 20,000 pounds weight of Sweet Scented Tobacco and a few perquisites, viz.: 5 shillings for every marriage, the Banns pIllished; 20 shillings for a marriage by license, and 40 shillings for a funeral Sermon. Have you a I louse and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a Glebe House and a Glebe consisting of about 18o acres of land. I live in my Glebe House and occupy the land myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? My GlIbe louse hath been lately repaired, at the expence of the Parish. Have youi more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have no other cure, but the one above mentioned. 283 D 724. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There is no public School in my parish: But here and there small schools are set up, to teach children to read and write, where a convenient number of scholars can be found. I lave you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular nrules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? I have no parochial Library. May 14'" 1724. FRAN: FONTAINE, Minister of York Ham;upton Parish. CHlRIST C('HIRCH PARISH. I low long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Twelve y)ears and four months. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? No other Church before I came to that which I now possess. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have been duly licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where I now am. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I am not inducted into my living. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am ordinarily resident in the parish to which I have not been inducted. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? 40 Miles in leng'th;and 8 in breadth. Families about 300. Are there any Infidels, hbond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? A great many Illack bond men and women infidels that understand not our Language nor me their's: not any free. The Church is open to them; the word preached, and the Sacraments administered with circumspection. 1724.1 284 * How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Once every Sunday and on Good Fridays; not so often indeed for the Chapel by reason it is 20 miles distant, and the weather sometimes bad: The Church is thronged and almost all white persons in the parish (not necessarily hindered) attend divine Service. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? At Christmas, Easter and Whitsunday. The usual number of Communicants is about 60, 70 or 8o. At what times do (yon Catechise the Youth of your Parish? In Lent, wouli Parents, M'' & Misstresses be admonished to bring the Youth to Chtmrclm. Are all things dmtly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? The surplice only excepted. 0f whlat value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? Under fSo per annum. It arises from 6,ooo Aranoko Tobacco delivered on j too Tytteables or thereabommts. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have both a house and glebe, my Glebe is not in lease, nor let by the year, but occupied by the year, and occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Due care is taken at expense of both parishes: or (what they say comprelmends both), of Trinity Parish. Have you more CUres than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? S' Mary's, White Chapel Parish is one more; served every other Sunday and on all occasions, This their clerk's they will have read the Common Prayer and an homily or sertmon in my absence. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? Not any public school in my parish for the instruction of Youth. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, 285 [1724. and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? Not any parochial Library. JOHN BELL. SOUTHFARNHAM IN ESSEX. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Came here in the year 1700. Hlave you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? No other Church but this of which I am now Incumbent. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? Duly licenced. Hlow long have you been Inducted into your Living? Not inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have beed Inducted? Always resident in the parish though not inducted. Of what extent is your parish, and how many Families are there in it? The length of the parish is 40 miles and the breadth 8, the families may be 200 or thereabouts. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? The infidels in the parish are slaves; the means for their conversion is divine service, performed at Church every Sunday which few of them attend to. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Divine service is every Sunday performed at Church which the most part of the parishioners do attend. I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper is administered at least 4 times in the year; the usual number of Communicants is near 50 at each Church. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? 1724.]1 286 The usual time is the spring of the year, but the remoteness of the parishioners from Church prevents their sending their children to be Catechised. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? All things not duly disposed and provided in the Church for the decent and orderly performance of divine Service. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? The value of my living in sterling money is very uncertain, it depending altogether on the price of Tobacco 16,000 of which being my salary established by law. Have you a louse and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and glebe, on which I always reside. Is due care taken to preserve your I louse in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? 1The house is kept in repair by the Parish. Have you mlore Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what ianner served? No cure butt one. l lave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? No mpblic School. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Hooks preserved and kept in good condition? I lave you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? No Parochial Library. May I1, 1724. _LEWIS LATANE. PETSWORTH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I came from London the beginning of August 1700, and arrived here the 4th day of October following. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? 287 I1724. This is the first church I was sent to by the Governor and M'. Commissary, where I have continued ever since. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was licensed by the Bishop of London the 28h of May 1700, to officiate as Minister in Virginia. How long have you been Inducted into your living? I have been inducted 20 years, viz: since 1704. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I have constantly resided in this parish except the time I was sent to England (viz: 1703) which occasioned my absence 9 months. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? My Parish is 22 miles long. In some parts 4, some 6, and in some to miles wide. There are t46 fhmilies in this parishi. Art thlere any Itfiinels, hond or free, withitt your Parish: and what means are tised 1,0or their couversion? I have no Indians in my parish hut those several Infidels, negro slaves brought from Africa such as are born in the Country, their masters very often bring them to read and send them to tde Church or Minister to be further instructed that they nay be haptised atd many are so. I low oft is Divine Service perforttled in your Clhttrch? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Elvery Sunday in the morning, Christmas day, Good Friday, Ash Wednesday & some occasional days that the Government think fit to appoint. The number of auditors generally speaking are about 300. I-low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Comutunicants? 4 times in the year, viz: on the 3 great festivals and the 0' Sunday in October. The number of Cotmtunicants are upwards of too. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? Only in Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, ftr the decent and orderly performance of I Divine Service? All things are duly disposed and decently provided in the Church for the decent and orderly performance of divine service. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise.? 1724.1 288 Uncertain. The Salary of every Minister by the Virginia Law is I6,ooob of Tobacco yearly (8 per cent. deducted for.Cask). I think the Sweet Scented parishes such as mine may be well worth 80 Z sterling Communibus annis. I hope this year it will be worth a great deal more. Have you a I louse and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year?. Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and Glebe, and it is occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done?,There is due care taken to preserve my House in good repair and my Vestry has hitherto done it, at the charge of the parish and 1 question not but they will always do it. I lave )you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? Since Cr111istimas last lThe 1ev",. ITht Itieghes and I siipply a vacant parish if Outr nIighboiluilos. We pracl there o Sdays (alternation) in the ftiern s anolt dl eef the whole Salary bet ween us, whilst we oifliciate, I lmv you in yiur al\he oW joli' Schoowl tor the iotruicmn fct 0 Youth? If you havi', is it e'dow ci? \Ad wh\Ol is the NIa st er Iheic is lio publlic School ill this parish but there are several privAte ones, where( Chiliein loarn to read English amd to write. Ilve you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kejt in soil ciiditioi? Iase you any particular rules and orders for the preservine of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We hiase i paricial Library. EMNANtUEl. JONES. LAWN'S CREEK IN JEtURY COUNTYV. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I came over to Virginia in 1712, JtIIN WAIE:N. I lave )you had any other Clhurch, before yout camelI. to that which you now possess; and if yoou had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? When I arrived hither the late Governor Alexander Spotswood sent me to James Town where I staid only half a year; from thence I went to Way 289 (1724. noak and Martin Brandon both which parishes were hardly sufficient to maintain a Minister, therefore I removed to this parish and have been Minister of it from JanY 30, 1717 to this Instant, May 28. JohN WARDEN. Have you been duly Licensed by thile Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have a licence from I)'. Henry Compton, late Lord Bishop of London, bearing date April 5, 1712. JoHN WARDEN. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I am not inducted into my parish, because thile Vestries are not inclineable to have Ministers inducted. JoHN WVARDEN. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted Yes. JMN WARDEN. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? It is 1 20 miles long and hardly to miles broad upon the River, As to the number of f1uuilits It is very uncertain but there are 700 tithaOICs, White aod Black, J-t W s. Ari'c thiert! any Itifitls, htnil or fret, within ytotir Parish; aoni hlat ttaIs Aire,setl 1i 4 lth it i' nvt'tsion? Ihere are stime Inians Iantl antd free, and some negroes bsnd.ttd free somte masttrs will have thcir. slaves hllalsed and others will tot, 1iy reason that dhey will not he, stieti(s for them in Baptism. If the slaves live not afar o0f1 they co(le to Clot'clch and Chappel. JOIIN WstnV:I I low oft is Divinie Service perlornied in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? If the \\weather permits ID)ivine service is performed every StInday bloth at the Church andl Cthaipel which are dlistant thirty miles. I supply tIlt Church two Sundays tomtgether and every third Sunday got to the Cha1ppel. In my absence from the Church when I go to the Chappel, there is a Reader appointed. I have always a fill congregation. JN A N. I low oft is the Sacrament of tilhe Lord's Suipier aldministered? And what is the usual number of Comniinicants? 3 times a y'eat I administer the Sacrament of the Lord's Stipptr at the ChIurcli and as ofttni at the C'haIppel. I have about 12 Conmmimnicants at the Church and betwee\n 30 anld 4o at the Chappel. JtmIN WAoEN. At what times do you Catechise thile Youth of your Parish? I cannot persuade parents and masters to send their Children and servants to Church andi Chappel for to be Catechised. JoN WAREN. 17 24 - 290 Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? There is a large Common Prayer Book and Bible; a book of homilies; a pulpit cloth and Cushion; a Communion table-cloth and linen both at the Church and Chappel. A silver flagon, Chalice & a Gilt patton, but I have no Surplice. Jo3N WARDEN. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My living is i6,ooo weight of Oronoke Tobacco. Sometimes I can get eight shillings and 4 pence for a too weight and at other times not so much and if I send any I logsheads to Europe perhaps they bring me in debt, as of late years it hath happened. JoHN WARSDEN. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and glebe, where I and my family live. JON WARDEN. Is due care taken to preserve your I louse in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? There is no care taken by the Vestry to keep the Glehe I louse in good repair so I will repair it at my own charge, I may and welcome. JetiN WAtuD N. I lave you inore Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I officiate only in my own parish..1N0 V WAIMEN. I lave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is thte Master? There is. no parish school that I know of any where, but at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg:.h. JohN WARDEN. a lave you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the hooks preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of thetn? Are those rules and orders duly observed? There is no Library. JOIIN WARDEN. S May 28"', 1724. WASHINGTON PARISH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Almost 3 years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now 291 Lt724. possess: and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? The Church which I now possess, is the first I have had. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have been so licensed. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? Of late years induction has been disused in this Government, but the reason of.it I cannot assign. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am ordinarily resident in the parish to which the Government sent me. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? My parish is in length about 30 miles, in breadth about 5, and there are in! it about 200 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what meahn are used for their c;nversion? There are no Inlidels within my parish except negro slaves, some: of wholl being duly instructed I have adImitted to baptism and the Lord's Supper. I low oft is D ivine Service performied in your Church? And. what propor" tion of the Parislhioners attend it? I have two Churlcheis in my parish, in onet or other of which divine service is performed;aiternately every Lord's day, unless I be hindred from going to Church, 1by sickness or very bad weather. I am not able to compute the proportion of tlh parishioners who attend divine service but I have knbwn so great a nunhel r of them together that there was not convenient room for them all within the Chulrch, each of lmy Churches is in length 20 yards, in breadth 8, and has a gallery. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Comnnunicants? The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper is administered thrice a year in each of my Churches, and I have known 2 lquarts of wine used in the administration. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish'? Every Lord's day during the suimmer season. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? 1724-1 292 All things are so disposed and provided. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My yearly salary is 16,ooodb of Tobacco which is levied by the Vestry and which of late years has scarcely worth 450 sterling, tobacco in general being of small value and the Tobacco which is made in the parts where I reside being the least valuable. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year?, Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and glebe, part of my glebe is in lease, and part let by the year and part occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? The houses on the glebe are repaired at my own expense. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in.what manner served? There are viz: S'. Stephens in Northumberland; Farnham in Richmond, & Copley parish in Westmoreland, in the upper end of this County. Near to my parish is three vacant parishes adjoining one to another and 2 of them a<joining to mine, in each of these I preach twice in a month on week days. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? The gentleman who bequeathed my Ghlbe to the parish left the whole tract (containing 440 acres), to be disposed of by the Vestry for the better maintenance of a minister and schoolhnaster, the Vestry made no division of the land, but g.,ave it entirely to me as a glebe, with this proviso, that I provide a sufficient person to instruct the youth in reading, writing and arithmetic under my inspection, which condition 1 have complied with. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? There is no parochial Library in my parish. LAWRENCE I)D BUTTS, July S", 1724. Minister of Washington parish. 293 [1724. ELIZABETH CITY PARISH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? 5 years and 8 months. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I had 2 at different times. The il was Hungar's on the Eastern shore from which I have been removed 4 years & 1o months, to Norfolk parish being the 2n from whence I have been removed to this parish, 3 years and 1o months. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was licensed by the late Lord Bishop of London to officiate in this Government, October 7, 1718. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I have not been inducted, it not being customary. The Governor's recommendatory Letter and the parish's Compliance hath hitherto been the method. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I constantly reside in my parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? It is about 50 miles in circumference, and there are about 350 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are many Infidels, tho' very few here. The owners are generally carelbi to instruct those that are capable of instruction & to bring them to Baptism, but it is impossible to instruct these that are grown up before they are carried from their own Country they never being able either to speak or understand our language perfectly. Hovw oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Divine Service is performed in my Church every Sunday and on some of the fasts and festivals; and the most of the parishioners attend it; there being very few dissenters in this parish. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper is administered 3 times in the year, 1724.1 294 (viz:) on Easter day, Whitsunday & Christmas day and there are commonly too communicants. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? I catechise the youth of my parish only in Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? All things are pretty well disposed and provided. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? The value is uncertain, according as Tobacco rises or falls in its price but I do reckon it communibus annis worth,65 sterling. It arises by an assessment on the parish of I6,ooolb of Tobacco, being the legal salary whereof every titheable person pays an equal proportion and it is collected by the Churchwardens. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and glebe, and the glebe is occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Due care is taken to preserve my house in repair, and at the parish's expense. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have only the Cure of this Parish. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There are two public schools endowed, though very meanly whereof John Mason and Abram Paris are teachers. 'lhere is also a very good private school where, beside reading, arithmetic and writing, Latin and Greek are very well taught, whereof William Fyfe, a man of good life & conversation, is Master. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? There is no parochial Library in this parish, nor in any other, in this Government. JAMES FALCONER, Minister. May 27th, 1724. 295 ['724. UPPER PARISH OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? In the year 171o. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I never had any Church before this which I now possess. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have been duly licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary in Virginia. How long have you been Inducted into your Living. I have never been inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am ordinarily resident in this parish, but 20 months I did officiate in another. Of what extent is your Parish, and how mnany Families are there in it? This parish extendeth upwards of 6o miles in length, in breadth 2 1: the nuthmber of families is uncertain. But the number of assessed persons about 700. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are Negroes but as soon as they are capable they are taught and baptised by the care of some Masters, but this too much neglected by many. I 1ow oft is I)ivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Iarishioners attend it? Divine Service is performed on Sabbath days and some principal holydays; often a small lroportion of the hearers attend it. 1 low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? It is administered thrice a year. The small number of Communicants is usually from 10 to 15 or 20, At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? On Sabbath days when they ate permitted to come to Church. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? 1724.] 296 Our disposition and provision are imperfect. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? 680 currency or Z65 Sterling paid with 16,000 lbs of tobacco which in this parish very often doth not produce half the sum. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have no hotIse but at mine own cost and charge, the Glebe not being worth building upon. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? I have never been able to build or repair a convenient and decent house at my own expense. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have one cure only, but so extensive that I cannot serve it as it ought to be. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have no public school. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have no parochial Library. ALEX" FORBES, Minister in the Upper parish of the Isle of Wight, CHRIST CHURCHl PARISHI, IN MII)I)IIESX COUNTY. Ilow long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I arrived in Virginia, February the 2nd, 1700. I Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? 1 had a parishes before I came to this I now have, the one called Sittonborne and the other Kingstone. I removed from the last in March, 1703. 297 (1724. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have Bishop Compton's license for this Government dated September the o', 1700o. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I was inducted into this living March the j5's, 1703. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I reside in the parish to which I have been inducted. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? My parish in length is about 40 miles, the breadth in some places 7 in other 5 and in other 3; the number of' families about 260. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? No free infidels but several slaves; some few that have been born here when of teachable disposition and their Masters allowing them time to come to me, upon instruction and examination, have been publicly baptised and also some children of such who have had baptism, some also every Sunday attend at Church. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? My Churches keep their constant courses at one of which (according to its turn) I p)erform divine service every Sunday, the number of parishioners attending that service may be about 200, also upon Christmas day and Good Friday, I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Suiiper adlministered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? T he Sacramient of the Iord's Supper is administered 6 times in the year, the iminber of Conmiunicants ini my 1 arish is about 230. At what tinmes do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? The time whemn I catechise is in Lemit. Are all things duly disposed and hirovided in the Church, for the decent and orderly perforllmance of Divine Service? All things are provided in my Churches for the decent performance of divine service. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? The law has set all our Salaries at 16,000o"i of tobacco yearly, which is 1724-1 298 raised by the Church Wardens; the value sterling uncertain, depending upon the precariousness of the tobacco market. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and glebe which I occupy myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Care is tak:n to repair the house at the expense of the parislih. HIave you nore Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have no other Cure. HIave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There is no public school. Have )you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the prcserving of thetn? Are those rules and orders duly observed? No parochial Library. IARTI10. YATES. June s lh, 1724. BRUtON PARIS11 ALIAS CALLED) WVIi.IANIlSURtilI. I How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a NI issionary? I cat tl ) Virginia Anno I)tom. I 6s8 I nave viu had an)o I my thi. (lotchl, Iilore you c("miou to that which you now possis!; and if you hod, whlat Clotclch was it, and tow long htvt' you blen removed? 1 was first Minister of I lenrico which being o50 miles distant front the College 1 left it ill 10)94 to atteind the College then I wais Nminister of James Town a"nd jct parish till 1710) The Chitrch 8 miles distant, Since 1710 I have been Ninister only of this parishi where tie College stands. 1 have you teen duly i censed by the l lisliop of London to otficiate as a Missionary, illn the Govirttinent where yoti no\\ are? I was di)ly licensed by llishtop Comlpton, I low long hliave you beens Inducted into your Living? I have had this living 13 years but without induction. 299! [1724. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am constantly resident in this parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? Trhe lparisli is about to miles square, about Ito families. Are there any Infidels,.bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? No infidels, hut slaves, I encourage the baptising & catechising of such of theill as understand annglish, nd exhort thecir Masters to bring them to Chu rclt and ba1ptise the ini'ant slaves whec-n the Master or mistress become sureties. How oft is I)ivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? I hyve divine service & sermon every Sunday morning as also on Christmas day, Good Friday, Ascention day and the 3_o1 of Jan'' and read prayers every Wedncsday and Fridasy in Lent. Onl Sunday morning we have full congregations. We have likewise prayirs and a Lecture every Sunday afternoon by' Mr. Le Neve. This Lecture is encouraged by a voluntary sul scrifption of about 25 ~ per annum. Not well attended, the inhabitants beingy at such a dlistance that the Country peopile can't conveniently return. How oft is the Sacraiueiit of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is thle usuial number of Conintinicant.'s? I administer the Sacramnitt *i times, in the year, viz: at Christmas, Laster, hitsuniilayand itli the naret Sounlday to Ni ilalmuas, Th'Iliere are at iii 50 Co0 litI ittICa sll a, AIlt itlait'is t1)o IuIt (itechcli' liv %Vutit of yýotr Patrishi 1 vuySitidia)y ill I tot, after ilie first ser-vice,6 Are all duiuitlls dly1) disjloscdet ant iproviib'd ill the Clitiicli, for the decent antd orderly performance of I)iviiie Scrvice? Yecs, \VWe haVe a great Itile, 2 (Ciommunotn Iirityer Books, the I Homilies, Canons, ji ol it Ub iti, athatr an tatltatr pitic, Pot.it Ctushioits, Stitrplice, hell, &C. Of whiat valuec is your I ivinii ill ster-ling t1oottey, and how)\ does it arise I thimnk it is alsit ts sterlitig. It arises by 1,s.s Il is of Sweel'lt Sceitted tobacco attd at fe~w jierqutisite~s, \,i/: Marriages, by) I aitis ~S., by I cne20$, and luiteral Het-titts Jos. I have yout a I louse and Glcbe:? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occulpied by), )yourself? 1724.] 300 I have a glebe of about 300 acres of land; no dwelling house (I live in a house of my own by the College). The glebe is occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? There is no dwelling house. I doubt not the parish will build one when they come to have a minister that wants one, and will keep it in repair. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have no more Cures but this one, nor more than one Church. I am also President of the College which is in the same parish, and just by my house. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? No public parish school. Little schools where they teach to read & write and arithmetic are set up, wherever there happens to be a convenient number of Scholars. Of these I have four in my parish. A public Grammar School is kept here at the College and a school for teaching Indian Boys endowed by Esqrc Boyle. lHave you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have not, nor ever had any parochial Library. The College has a small Library. The Key is kept by one of the Masters. Your Lordships most obedient Servant, JAMES BLAIR, Williamsburgh, July 15, 1724. Minister of Williamsburgh. ACCOMAKO ON Tll E EASTERN SOilRE,. I low long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I arrived at Kickstane in Virginia, May 26, 1708. I lave you had any other Church, bethre you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I had a Church in 'Pensylvania in Sussex C'ounty, but being driven thence by the G(overnor, I was entertained by the parish where I now live an11o 709, July 26. 3o0 [1724. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have no Licence for the parish I now serve but have one for that I was first sent to, and a Letter of permission to officiate here from the late Henry Lord Bishop of London. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I was inducted into the parish of Accomake on the 13t" March 1 70,. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? The extent of the number of families are between 400 & 500. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are very few of the natives, but a great many negroes who come to Church; of such I have baptised since I came about 200, & instruct them at their Masters' houses. I low oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? D)ivine Service is l)erformed every L.ord's day once, either evening or morning according to the season of the year, and there being 3 churches belonging to my parish where I preach, and the distance so great I think all within to miles of each Church that are capable, commonly attend and having, God be praised, few or no dissenters among us, our churches cannot contain all that come to hear. 1 low oft is the Sacrament of the.ord's Supper administered? And what is the usual numlber of Communicants? At Christmas, Easter and Whitsunday. The number of Comnmunicants abou(t 200, At what timnes do you Catechise the \outh of your Parish? From the I I" of1 March to the I i'" of September, according to the directions of the Rubriciz. Are all thintgs duly dislposed anid provided in the Church, for thei dece'nt and orderly I terfiurmancel of I)iviMnu Service? I have used all teans that it miglit he so, but ('annot )prevail. We have no Challice or any thing d'cent as it Iconllies us. O)f what value is your living ill sterling money, and how do.es it arise? 1724.1 302 The law of Virginia values it at 68o sterling but where I live it seldom exceeds L4o sterling and is often very unseasonably paid. Our Salary arises by a public tax laid upon the titheables which are about 1200. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a glebe and house good for nothing. I leased it for about 20S per annum these last 7 years. I do not live in it myself. Is due care taken to preserve.your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? My answer to the former Query answers this, only the parish is obliged to keep the houses in good repair. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have none but one, and that very large, being obliged to ride 21 miles to one of our churches every third Sunday. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have a school endowed by one Mr. Sanford, late of London. John Morogh, an Irish Man, is at present Master of it. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have none, but should be very thankful, if any pious persons at home would contribute their Charity for the promotion of piety and learning among us. We live at so great a distance from the opportunities of such means. WILLIAM BLACK, Minister of the Parish. ST. STEPHENS PARISH, KING AND QUEEN. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I went along with this present Governor. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? Yes. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? Not yet. 303 L1724. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Yes. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? About 30 miles long. There are 300 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? As in other places. I-low oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Every Lord's day, and a good congregation. flow oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? Three times a year. About 60 Communicants. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? Yes. Of what value is your Iiving in sterling money, and how does it arise? In tobacco. IHave you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? A very poor house and Glebe occupied by myself, but can get nothing[ Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? Afd at wlo's expense is it done? Nothing in repair. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? 2 or 3 little schools, none endowed. Ilave you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? But 3 Books only: the whole duty of man, the homilies, and singing Psalms. JOHN GOODWIN. 1724*1 304 HENRICO PARISH IN THE UPPER DISTRICT JAMES RIVER. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Between 14 and 15 years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which, you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I had none other but what I now possess. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have as appears by my Licence from the late Right Revd Father in God Henry Lord Bishop of London dated Octo 29, 1710. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I have never been inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I am. Of what extent is your parish, and how many Families are there in it? It is, I believe, about 25 miles in length and about 18 in breadth in some places, having in it 2 churches and a Chappel the number of families I cannot tell, but there are i ioo tytheables in it, that is slaves male and female about 16 years old, and all males of that age that are free, I believe, there may be 400 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are that are bond, but their Masters, do no more than let some of themii now and then go to Church for their Conversion. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Once every Sunday and on some other holydays viz: Good Friday and Christnias and sometimes 1oo or 200 attend it. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered?. And what is the usual number of Communicants? 6 times a year at each Church and twice at the Chappel, 20 is the greatest number that do communicate at one time. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? The distance of families from Church makes it so difficult to bring their Children when small that that office is done by the Schoolmasters or parents 305 [1724. and when they grow to any bigness they care not to abide the public Catechising of a Minister. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? They are, but the people not so observant of Devout postures as could be wished. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My Salary is 16,000 lbs tobacco out of which I pay 1,280 lbs for Cask, and has never, one time with another been worth one penny per lb: it is levi(cd on the titheables in the parish per poll. HI-ave you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have and do occupy it myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? It is now, and has wanted no repairs, as yet, the parish ought when it wants repairs to do it, but are generally too backward. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have none but one, only as vacancy happens in my vicinity the parishes so vacant employ me for an occasional week day's forenoon. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? We have none, I wish we had, and that some Charity by your Lordship's means were found to promote it. I lave you a Parochial Libiary? If you have, are the Books preserved and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the presierv'infg of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have none, but humbly beg your Lordship's assistance to procure one and your Orders how to manage and preserve them, so lunbly belgging your benediction and heartily wishing you many long continued a nursing Father to your l)iocess, I remain My Lord, your most obedient Son and most humble serv', * 'hi name was cut,ff it lilting the MSS., antl cannot he supplieid. 39 1724.1'.3o6 SOUTHWARK PARISH IN SURRY COUNTY. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? My Lord, on the il of August it will be 16 years. Ilave you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? I have had no other Church than that I now possess. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was duly licenced by my Lord of London to officiate in the Government I am now in. How long have you been Inducted into your living? I never was inducted. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have leen Inducted I am ordinarily resident in my parish. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? The parish is 20 miles broad and inhabited a ioo miles in length, being one of the frontier parishes & has 394 families in it. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There is a town of Indians made up of the Scattered Remains of 4 or 5 towns seated on the frontiers of my parish where for some time there was a Schoolmaster resided to teach them. But has now removed to the Seat of the Government where he teaches Indian Children from the several nations in the Colony and has a Salary out of MN. Boyle's Legacy; his name is Chat. Griffin. As to the negro Slaves there are some of their Masters on whom I do prevail to have them baptised and taught, but not many. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? There are a mother Church and two Chappels of Ease in my parish. At the mother Church I preach two Sundays in three and at one of the Chappels every third Sunday where the congregation is very large, near 300 usually in good weather and sometimes more. At the other Chappel, which is very remote, I preach once a month on a Week day where the congregation is also very large. I low oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? 307 [1724. The Lord's Supper is administered at the Mother Church 3 times in the year and as often at one of the Chappels. The number of Communicants are from 40 to 70 or 8o according to the weather. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? The youth are Catechised in Lent. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? Yes. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? My Salary is 16,000 Ibs of Aranaco Tobacco which sells now, in my parish at 5s sterling per hundred. My Salary is therefore now worth ~40 sterling though for many years it was not worth above Z30. I lave you a louse and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? There is a house and glebe where I lived till of late, but I still till the ground myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Due care is not taken to keep the house in repair. On the precarious tenure I hold it, without induction I don't think it my business. Besides the buildings are of wood and require such expence to keep them tenantable that my poor Salary would be exhausted that way. And the parish were unwilling to do it, so that I have been obliged to look out for a habitation elsewhere. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have but one. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There is no public School in my Parish. Ilave you a l'arochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? I lave you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? There is no parochial Library. \Vhat few Books I have are my own purchase. Your Lordships will be very naturally led to believe that I must labour 1under diliculties flr want of I Books when you observe that my Salary is such a poor allowance 1for the maintenance of my family. If your Lordshipvwoukld 1724.1 3o8 please to find out in your wisdom some way to extricate me out of those dif. ficulties and thereby enable me to be more serviceable in my function it shall, with the most grateful sense of obligation be ever acknowledged, by him who now craves the blessing and is in all duty Your Lordship's most obed' Son & Servt, JNO. CARGILL, June 24'h, 1724. Minister. ABIN(;DON PARISH IN GLOUCESTER COUNTY. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? Arrived the 1st July, Anno Domini, 1716. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? Lived in the Upper parish of Nanzemond County; was removed to my advantage by Governor Spotswood; have lived between 4 & 5 years here. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I have the last Bishop of London's Licence for Virginia by me now. I-low long have you been Inducted into your Living? Have not been inducted. I know of but 3 or 4 that are, the people being averse to have a Minister (as they call it) imposed upon them. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? The Glebe belongin>- to Abingdon Parish lying in the adjoining parish of Weare can't be resident, but am as near and convenient to the Church as most, computed about 4 short miles. Of what extent is )'our Parish, and how many Families are there in it? About 30 or 40 Miles in circumference; about 3oo families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your 'Parish; and what.means are used for the:ir conversion? 'The Major part are infidel slaves, I know none free; no other method but the public preaching at the Church, their Masters allowing them no other time. "How oft is l)ivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of tile Parislhioners attend it? Once every Lord's day in the fore-noon, on Good Friday and Christmas day, about 200 Christians generally attending. 309 [1724. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? 3 times in the year; about 6o or 70 Communicants. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? Lent is the usual time. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? All things well enough provided but surplice, which was never used in this parish. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? i6,ooo lbs of Tobacco which I lay out for necessaries and conveniencies. I have to run the risk to ship it to Merchants in Great Britain so the value cannot be ascertained. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? Have a house and glebe occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Care hath been taken last year to repair the House, at the expense of the parish which cost 320s current. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? The Parish of Weare in which the Glebe of Abingdon lies being vacant by the death of the last incumbent is supplied alternately by AM. Emanuel Jones and myself on Sundays intthe afternoon till they have a Minister. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? A free School endowed with 500 acres of good land, 3 slaves, cattle, & household goods. The Master is George Ransom a native of Virginia. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? If ave you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? There is no Parochial Library here, nor in any other parish that I know of in the Country. THOs. HUGIIES, Minister of Abingdon Parish in Gloucester County. r1724.] 31o ST. MARY'S PARISH, ESSEX COUNTY, How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? 20 years. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long hiave you been removed? No other. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? By the Lord Bishop Compton. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? Not inducted, it being not customary. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Constant. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? 20 miles and about i 50 families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are-used for their conversion? Only negroes; particular means discouraged, H-ow oft is D)ivine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? Every Sunday, & about 1i 50 parishioners. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual numlber of CommIunicants? 4 times a year and alo\We l o Communicants. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Pa-rish? In lent timle. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly pel)rtrmanIce of )ivine Service? Wanting (viz:) Pulpit Cloth, Surplice, Table Cloth of both kinds & all vessels for the Sacrament. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? 16,ooo lbs of Tobacco. Value uncertain. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? 3II Df 24. House and Glebe occupied by myself. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? The House in repair at the parish Charge. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? None but one. I lave you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? No public School, but much wanted. Ilave you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? No parochial Library, but very much wanted. I am your Lordship's most dutiful Son and obsequious humble Serv', OWEN JONES. OVERWORTON PARISI, STAFFORD COUNTY. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I went from England in the year 17 1o in the latter end thereof and arrived here in 1711. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed I had no other Church or parish. I lave you beeft duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I was Licensed by the Right Rev" Henry Lord Bishop of London, to officiate in this Colony of Virginia. How long have you been Inducted into your Living? I was sent to this parish with a Letter from the Governor and another from the Commissary to the Vestry who received nie without induction, that being not common. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? I do ordinarily reside in the parish wherein I now exercise my function. .1724.1 312 Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? The bounds is not known, it being a frontier parish but is inhabited near 80 miles in length and in some places near 3 miles, in other near 2o miles in breadth and about 650 tFmilies. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what means are used for their conversion? There are no Indians nor other Infidels among us but Negro Slaves, the Children of whom and those of them that cad speak and understand the English Language we instruct and baptise if permitted by their Masters. How. oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? But once every Sunday either in Church or Chappels by reason of the Great distance the inhabitants have to Church or Chappel, Some living about 15 miles distance from either & the plantations being but thin seated. Notwithstanding I have then generally as full a congregation as either Church or Chappel can contain and can well be expected in such a thin seated place. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? I administer the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper 6 times a year and generally have betwixt 80o & oo Communicants each time. At what times do you Catechise the Youth of your Parish? In Lent and a great part of the Summer. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? Our Church is tolerably well provided but our two Chappels want a pulpit Cloth, rcading Desk Cloth, Communion table cloth, and vessels for the Communion. Of what value is your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? The \value of mine is very uncertain being paid in Tobacco the quantity 16,ooo lbs Tobacco yearly & being in a frontier place may be worth communibus annis 5 shillings for each hundred pounds and very often not so much worth. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? The glebe lies so inconvenient at the lower end of the parish that I was obliged to lease it out and purchase a convenient plantation near the middle of the parish for myself. 313 [1724. Is cue care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? There is no house upon it for its being so inconvenient that it must be leased out it did not seem needful to build one. Have you more Cures than one? if you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I preached at the Church and one of the Chappels near to which the inhabitants are thickest seated every Sunday by turns and at the other Chappel 6 times a year. Have you in your Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? There is none. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? There is no Library. ALEXR SCOTT, SAINT ANN'S PARISH. How long is it, since you went over to the Plantations as a Missionary? I came into this Colony in April 1709 being only in Deacon's orders, ordained Feb. the 13th 1706, by Nath' Lord Bishop of Waterford Lismore in Ireland, without waiting on the then Lord Bishop of London being ignorant of the Laws of this Colony and of the necessity of my so doing. Have you had any other Church, before you came to that which you now possess; and if you had, what Church was it, and how long have you been removed? In Ireland, I was Curate of the Parish of Ardfinan in the Diocess of Lismore but the Vicar returning to his Cure, I came hither, and upon the Vestry's request Col' Edm1 Jennings then President of the Council and the Revd James Blair, then the Bishop of London's Commissary, allowed me to take upon me the cure of this Parish, and the Parish of Sittinbourn being Vacant, at that Vestry's request I also preach'd there every Sunday in the afternoon for almost Two Years, but having married and settled in a place more convenient for serving the latter Parish, I quitted this and in the Year 1716 upon a dispute with a leading Vestryman of the said Parish of Sittenbourn about 40 1724.] 314 the payment of my Salary he made such a party in the Vestry that they refused to entertain me any longer as their Minister, and as my Circumstances then were, Co'l Spotswood (our then Governor), could not support me. Wherefore I removed hither. Have you been duly Licensed by the Bishop of London to officiate as a Missionary, in the Government where you now are? I laving testimionials from the Vestry Men of both parishes, the Governor's and Commissary's Letters to Your Lordship's Predecessor in my favor, in the Year 1717 1 went to London, and having deliver'd my letters and testimonials with one from the Dean and Clergy of the Diocess of Waterford, was on the 22 n day of 7ber, 1717 ordain'd Priest, and had the Bishop's Licence Certificate & Recommending letter to the Governor to be Minister of this Parish, but the parish being then supplied by the Revd NP. Giles Ransford, I prevailed on him to surrender the parish to the Governor and Commissary, but he was afterwards unaccountably engaged by a party of the Vestry to accept a pretended presentation to this Parish, which gave occasion to the Governor's letter to the Vestry of this Parish, to which I refer Your Lordship in the Journal herewith. How long have you been Inducted into your Living. The aforesaid Journal will in a great measure answer this Query, and shew the necessity of Induction both for the Minister's quiet enjoyment of his living and for the due exercising his function. I assure your Lordship that such generally is the temper (as well as practice in many cases formerly and more would have been had it not been for COP Spotswood, when Governor, interposition in favor of the Clergy of this Colony), of our Vestry Men, that upon the least prejudice conceived by a Vestryman of power against the Minister he raises such a party in the Vestry that he makes the Incumbent uneasy in his Parish at least; perhaps procures him to be removed or not having his Salary as the Law directs, obliges him to quit the parish and solicit for another. This affair relating to Induction of Ministers has for many Years and at many times been a Bone of Contention in our Government and is likely to prove so still to the great disheartning of the Clergy and to their discouragement in the Exercise of the ministerial Function; tinder Col' Spotswood's administration we had the joyful prospect of the dispute being in a fair way of being brought to a fair Issue, it being agreed between the governor and Council that upon a Quare Impedit brought by M'. Blair, Your Lordship's Prede 3 H,15 [1724. cessor's Commissary, the case should have a hearing here before bur Supreme Court, called the Gen' Court, and thence by appeal was finally to be determin'd by the King and Council in Great Britain and for that end to ease M'. Blair of the Expence, as it was a dispute wherein the whole Colony was concern'd, our assembly ordered Z60 for M'. Blair to bear the charge of the suit and appeal, and Col' Spotswood during his administration gave his warrant for z20o of it, being Sufficient for the charge here, designing the remainder when the appeal should be from the Gen' Court, but so it happens to our great grief, that since our present Governor's administration, the cause is dropt and M'. Blair is paid the remaining /40 and nothing like to be done (for any thing I can see or understand), in the affair. I siall remark one thing which might be added to Col' Spotswood's letters to the Vestry of this Parish, (viz:) I am very well inform'd that at the Instance of Col' Spotswood to the Hon"bl Board for Trade and Plantations that Honb'e Board laid the 4'h Act of Assembly in our printed Law Book (upon which the Vestrys grounded their pretentions for the Right of Patronage), before his Majesty's Solicitor or attorney General who has clearly given his opinion, that by the act the King hath not given or granted away his right of patronage. I humbly offer that his Majesty's Repealing the said Act by his proclamation would end the dispute Effectually. Are you ordinarily resident in the Parish to which you have been Inducted? Yes, but not Inducted. There are only 4 Ministers Inducted in the Colony, (viz:) M'. Jno Skaife under Col' Spotswood's administration; M'. Barth. Yates; M'. Emanuel Jones, M'. Ianiel Taylor, before my Coming into the Colony. Of what extent is your Parish, and how many Families are there in it? In length betwixt 20 & 26 Miles, in breadth some places eight, some Places to Miles. About 130 Families. Are there any Infidels, bond or free, within your Parish; and what meaihs are used for their conversion? i No Indians live in my Parish; there may be 6 free Negroes, there'are many negro Slaves, and but very few baptiz'd, nor any means used for their Conversion, the owners Generaly not approving thereof, being led away by the notion of their being and becoming worse slaves when Christians. How oft is Divine Service performed in your Church? And what proportion of the Parishioners attend it? [1724. - 316 Every Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday: if Good weather, between too & 18o of the Parishioners come to Church. How oft is the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered? And what is the usual number of Communicants? For the convenience of the Parishioners there are two Churches in the Parish, and I officiate alternately. I administer the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper at one Church on Easter, & Christmas Days, at the other on Good Friday and the Stinday next to Christmas Day, be it before or after, and on Whit Sunday 'tis administer'd as it falls out in Course at either Church. The usual Number is from 50 to So Communicants at each Church. Are all things duly disposed and provided in the Church, for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service? There is no _font in the Churches & I generally baptize at the Communion Table, there being the most room in the Church. There are Books and surplices, Basins, and other things now wanted, but sent for and lxpected in a little time, and I doubt not but in time to prevail on the Vestry to get Patens, Chalices & flagons of Plate, for the administration of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, but now I use my own Plate for that Purpose. Of what value is. your Living in sterling money, and how does it arise? The Laws of Virginia allow the Minister 16,oo"o Tobacco (8 per Cent being deducted for Cask) as his yearly Salary, besides perquisites, which follow, (viz:) 50'o for Marriage, with the publication of bands, the fee for which is 515, register 5b, if a marriage by licence 2oo'b Tobo. Register of births, Baptisms, and Deaths 3" each; funeral Sermons 400oo. 500lb, or 6o0lr or 5os according to the Custom of the Parish, that fee not being settled by Law. I judge my perquisites one Year with another to be about I2001b Tobo. The Law supposes the said 16,oo's Tobo to be equal to 68o Current Money, which in Sterling money computing that a Shilling is 14 current Money is near /68 I is 4d but our Exchanges generally run here for some years past from 5 to 15 per Cent. Thus the Value of our livings arise (generally, for I propose to add under this head something as to other Parishes in the Colony where they make little or no Tobo), but to answer the Query, the Tobo is to be valued according as the market happens to be; from the Year 1709 to 1714 Tobo was so low that it scarsely would sell at 6s Current money, in some Parishes at 4 or 5 per C' if Freighted home (which in that case required a further expence in gathering the Tobacco together and Prizing it as we call 317 ['724. it, that is making it heavy &c), sometimes (besides the hazard), brought the Freighter in Debt sometimes from ~2 to ~4 Sterling per Hihd, but from 1714 to 1.720, the Tob~ Yielded better than Z8o Sterling but since that time to this, Tob" sent home is fallen to the old Market price, of which every Tob~ Merchant in London can give your Lordship a Certain Acco' Noting always that as the Minister's Tob" is collected in Parcels from several Planters and pack'd into IIhds, such Tobo is of less value than where the hh'd is of one sort of Tob" and alike in goodness & therefore always sells for less then other Gentm'" Tob". This I write as regarding this Parish, and other Parishes on the upper parts of James River are as I understand, about the same value; those on the North side of Rappahannock and South side of James River are of less value, but towards the bounds of the Colony adjoining to Carolina they make little or no Tob~ & the Tobo there made is very mean & of little Value, so that the Minister is often paid in Tar, Pitch, Pork and other Commodities, as they can agree; but this is so much to the Ministers disadvantage that very seldom such Parishes are supply'd, and are sometimes vacant for many Years together, the people being not willing and perhaps not well able to give better encouragement. I Humbly beg leave to lay this before your Lordship in order for a remedy with dutiful submission, proposing: That as Missionary's come into this Colony our Governor be desired to place them in such Parishes for a few Years and remove them into the vacancies of better Parishes, as they may happen: or that the King would order his Governor to lay this before the assembly that an addition might be made to the Minister's Salarys of such Parishes by the Country. Or that his Majesty out of his great goodness and piety would order a small sum out of the Quit rents of this Colony for that use. Have you a House and Glebe? Is your Glebe in Lease, or Let by the Year? Or is it occupied by yourself? I have a house and glebe and keep Servants & Slaves to occupy the same, but live on my own Plantation in the Parish. Is due care taken to preserve your House in good repair? And at whose expense is it done? Reasonable care is taken, and at the expence of the Parish. Have you more Cures than one? If you have, what are they? And in what manner served? I have no other cures than this, for there are no other vacancies convenient 1724.1 318 for my officiating, tho' there be many (too many) in the Colony, of which I shall here give Your Lordship a list as far as I know, but believe there are more to the Southern parts of the Colony. 2 Parishes in Northumberland County, Copley & Westmoreland, between Patowmack & Rappahannock. S'. Harnham, Richmond, Ware, Gloucester, S'. George, Spotsylvania, i Parish, King William, between York and Rappahannock. I Parish, York County, Mulberry Island, Warwick, between York & James River. I Parish, Norfolk, with more I suppose, to the South of James. Have you in the Parish any public School for the instruction of Youth? If you have, is it endowed? And who is the Master? Not one in the Parish, but several Private ones. Have you a Parochial Library? If you have, are the Books preserved, and kept in good condition? Have you any particular rules and orders for the preserving of them? Are those rules and orders duly observed? We have no Parochial Library. JOHN BAGG. Mr. COMMISSARY BLAIR to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILLIAMSBURGIH, in Virginia, July 17th, 1724. My Loliý, I had the honor of your Lordship's by M'. Garzia. The Governor immediately took care of him, and sent him to a pretty thriving Little Town called Lower Norfolk on Elizabeth River, where it was his own desire to be sent. I have not heard from him since; but am in some fear from the imperfection of his expression of English that he will not be very acceptable to the People. We are in very great want of Clergymen, having now no less than five sweet scented Parishes and about double that number of Oranoco ones vacant, and the Presbyterians taking advantage of the want of Ministers are very busy, fitting up meetings in many Places where they had none heretofore. I send 319 11724. your Lordship by this opportunity the answers of the several ministers to your Lordship's Queries (as many of them as are come to my hands), when the rest come, I will take care to transmit them. I have likewise seqt my answers to the Queries to the Commissaries. But there are two things proposed upon the last Query, which I referr'd to a private letter to be more freely discussed, concerning which your Lordship will give me leave to add something that will deserve your mature consideration. The first is upon the subject of providing this Country with good Ministers; where one way proposed for that end was the Encouraging the Education of Young divines at our College in Virginia. My Lord, I apprehend this would have two excellent effects as to religion and the Clergy if it could be brought about, one is, that we should be sure to have Men of much better lives preferr'd to the Ministry; for whereas now we are often imposed upon by counterfeits, being utter strangers to their former life and conversation; we should be in no such danger when the choice should come to be made out of students whose lives and conversations are well known here from their Infancy. The other advantage, I mean, would accrue to the Clergy themselves, and it is this. The Gentlemen of the Country who constitute our General Assembly, and who are now too averse from doing anything for the Encouragement of the Clergy; will probably be better disposed toward them when the livings come to be bestowed on their own children for there are few of them so big, that they will think it below them to breed a younger Son to the Clergy; especially when they come to be inducted and better provided for, as it is like they will then. The difficulty in this affair will be to find a fund for maintaining an able Divine to be Professor of Divinity, and exhibitions for about ten students; all which' I judge would require about o400 "0. annum: viz: 200 to the Professor, who is to direct their studies and 20 a piece to each student. The King has a revenue of quit rents in this Country of about ~2000 ~ annum, of which there is but very little as yet appropriated, out of which such a sum might be easily spared and who knows but as King William & )Queen Anne were both Benefactors to our College, King George might be as willing as they? There is this to be said for the country, that as the King has a vast revenue yearly out of it in the customs upon tobacco, so there is no part of his Dominions better affected to his interest and the Protestant Succession. But if it should be judged too much for his Majesty to give all this, I do not 1724-3 320 much doubt if he thought fit to give one half by founding the Professor, and at the same time would recommend to the country the founding of the Students, but that they would readily come in to it. The other thing I referr'd to in a private letter was the business of the Induction of the Clergy. Having spoke of the great inconveniency of the want of Inductions, I told your Lordship there was a great difficulty in that affair, occasioned by a late controversy concerning the Right of Patronage the account of which I thought too long to insert in that place. But now I believe it may be proper once for all to show your Lordship how this dispute began, and till it is decided how effectually it will obstruct the business of Inductions. All 1 find in the Laws of the Country relating to Inductions is a Law made in 1642, which stands as yet unrepealcd. The Title of the Law is 11 Ministers to be inducted." The care of the plantations at that time had been committed to no Bishop. In that Law after some care that no Minister be admitted to officiate in the Country without producing to the Governor a Testimonial of his being duly in Orders; and without subscribing to be conformable to the Church of England, then follow these words relating to Induction; " upon which the Governor is hereby requested to induct the said I Minister into any Parish that shall make Presentation of him." As to the Custom and practice upon this Law, the most general practice has been that the Parishes made no Presentation, and then there was no Induction; for we have no instance where ever a Governor collated or inducted jure devoluto. But tho' this was the most general practice, for the Minister to officiate without Induction, there were several parishes that gave their Ministers a Presentation, and in that case the Governor never failed to grant Induction. I was inducted into Henrico (the first Parish I. had in this country) upon this foot; the Vestry's Presentation (for by another Act the Vestry is to manage all parochial affairs), and my Lord Effingham, who was then Governor, his Induction, and several other examples have been of that sort in all our Governor's times. Even Col. Spotswood himself (who afterNwards raised the disptite), inducted one M'. Skaite into the Parish of Stratton Major upon a Presentation of that Vestry. When Col. Nicholson was Governor to rcnie(ly the precariousness, I endeavoured to persuade him to induct jure devoluto. He, doubtfull of his power to do it, had the case stated, and sent home copies of all our Laws and all his Instructions relating to the Churqh, to Sir Edward Northey, who was then Attorney General. In answer, Sir Edward 321 [1724. gave his opinion, that the parish as Patrons were to present and the Governor as ordinary to induct jure devoluto. But in regard to this Right of the Ordinary, it had been so long dormant he advised him to give notice to the several vestrys before he put it in execution, and accordingly Col. Nicholson sent copies of this opinion of Sir Edward Northey's to all the Vestries in Virginia, and had it registered in all their Vestry Books. The very fear of the Governor's taking the benefit of the lapse made several vestries give presentations to their Ministers and accordingly they were inducted. It is thought if Col. Nicholson had pursued this opinion and had made:a few examples of Inducting jure devoluto, all the Parishes would have quickly given Presentations to their Ministers. But he neglected it; and none of our Governors care to revive it (tho' it is undoubtedly a Right belonging to them as Ordinaries), without a positive Instruction to that purpose. It must he confessed it would be thought hard; and there is something in the circumnstances of this Country which makes it harder for them than for any Patrons in England because here we have no unprovided Clergymen, and for that reason they can't present in so little time as six Months. It will take more than that time to procure a Clergyman from England, if they were ever so diligent and then they think it very reasonable that they should have some time to be acquainted with him before they be obliged to give him a Presentation. It would perhaps answer all those Inconveniences if the Governor were directed (till the Country his a Stock of Clergymen of their own), not to take the benefit of the lapse till after two years; that in one year they might provide themselves of a Minister from England, and in a year more might be obliged to Present him or else incur the Lapse. But I must inform your Lordship of a greater difficulty this Business is involved in by a late new attempt of our last Governor, Col. Spotswood. For lie without any new Instruction, but pretending to understand his old ones better than his Predecessors; because in one of his instructions, if I renmember right, lie was directed that in Collating to vacant BIenefices he should admit of no Clergyman that did not brinti a licence from my lord Blishiop of London, lhe interpreted this as if the lParishes had no Right of Plresentation at all, but that the sole Iipower of Collation was in him: and accordingly lihe refitsed a Presentation of a Vestry upon this account, It was tilhe vestry of this Parish that gave me a Presentation. The Country was alarmed at this new claim of the Governor's, the case reaching all the Parishes in the 41 1724. 32 2 Country; and the General Assembly and that Governor came to an agreement to have it tried at law; and accordingly a writ of Quare impedit was brought against Col. Spotswood as ordinary; but before it came to be decided he was superceded, and the writ the Lawyers agreed would not lye against Governor Drysdale. The Clergy by this means is in a much worse condition as to Inductions than ever. If the Vestry presents, this Governor must not give up any pretended Right of the Crown; tho' I believe he wishes his predecessor had not involved him in this controversy. If the Governor inducts without Presentation of the Vestry, the Parishes withstand it, and it is a question whether they will not refuse to levy the salary. Besides the Law and uninterrupted possession, the Parishes pretend for their title to the Patronage, that they are the sole Founders of the Churches, and Glehes and Mansion Houses, and it is really true in fact; the Crown has not, built one Church or Mansion I louse or given any Glehe that I know of in the Country. Your Lordship will consider how this great Greivance may be best removed, on the one hand if it is the King's right we would beg that the Gov" may be directed to assert it, and to induct the Clergy. But there will be one more inconveniency in this way, which is that if a Governor neglects to collate, there will be no lapse from him. On the other hand, if the King will Yield it to the Parishes (which would give a more general content), then let the Governor be directed, in case they do not present in a certain reasonable time (to be ascertained in the Instruction), to make up of the lapse as Ordinary and to Collate jure devoluto. Having thus sincerely given your Lordship my poor thoughts of this very difficult affair I hope you will so correct or improve them, as that at length the precariousness of the Clergy may be remedied; which as it will make their circumstances much more comfortable, will very much endear your Lordship's name to them & their successors. I must now beg pardon for this tedious Representation, and begging your Lordship's Benediction take lIave to subscribe myself, &c., &c., JAMES BLAIR. 323 [1724. M'. FORBES' Account of the State of the Church in Virginia. VIRGINIA, the Upper Parish, of the Isle of Wight county, July 21, 1724. MAY rI PIEASE YOUR LORDSHIP, I rejoiced greatly on the reading of your Lordship's letter and queries for the apposite counsel, precious exhortation and sound direction expressed therein, and for the comfortable hope of some future Good to accrue to our poor Infant Church promised thereby, so that for a constant nmemrial of these good things, I have retained your Lordship's letter annexed to the queries, which I have returned according to your desire. I beg your Lordship's pardon for my not being satisfy'd to return the answers, only so far as the interlineary space of the queries did admit; and I hope you will pardon the fault having understood the Principle that led me into it, viz: That your Lordship is the Physician, and we are the Patients (God knows very much distempered with inveterate Diseases). That therefore as a faithfull and tender Physician will deign to hear the relation of his patient with regard to the malignant malady he is afflicted with; so your Lordship will vouchsafe to lend an ear to the rehearsal of a few things respecting the crazy state of our Ecclesiastical Constitution. I have therefore noted some deficiencies of the duty of Ministers with some impediments to their office, some dispositions of the People and defects of duty on their part toward their Pastors, which I have done by answering most fully your Lordship's Queries numbered here in that Order they were sent unto us. Answer I. Ilaving been Ordained in the Bishop's Chapel at Fulham, Die Lunae quarto se Die monsis April A.). 1709, and Die Dominica, quinto sc Die monsis Martii A.D. 1709. I went over to Virginia as a Missionary in 1710o. I have here inserted the date of my letters of Orders to satisfy your Lordship of the Canonicalness of my mission, because some years ago when there was a Convention of the Clergy, in which the ordination of some was question'd and examin'd, I was absent thro' unavoidable impediments and was 1724.] 324 returned absent to the Bishop by Mr. Commissary. But your Lordship will have no cause to doubt of it after you have seen my name and the date of the year, answerable to what I have written on the Bishop's register. And for further confirmation thereof, I was recommended to the IIon. Lord Bishop of London, by one William Forbes, Esq"., of Badsley near Limington, Hampshire, a Gentleman of good account with and familiar acquaintance of his Lordship.. I was also known to the Reverend D'. Forbes, a Canon, and possessed of a living near Guilford in Surrey. I confess 'tis necessary for your Lordship to inspect into the legality of our Mission, for I have heard of some that have presumed to intrude into our office without any mission, and others that have been received as Ministers of the Church of England whose ordination they never had. And this irregularity our Church here is liable to, because often Missionaries are not required to produce their letters of Orders; whether they have come from England, or some other Foreign plantations. II. I never had any Church before this which I now possess but since I came first to this Church, I did officiate about XX months at a Church of the next County, viz: Nansimond, and in November last was removed hither again, the.reason of which was Because the bounds of this Upper Parish of the Isle of Wight being so great, my health was much impair'd by being exposed to the excess of the weather (here, very hot in the Summer and piercing cold in the Winter and always variable), on so long and frequent Journeys, so that I was forced to apply myself to the Governor to put me into some parish more proportionable to my health and strength, who ordered me to move into the Parish of Nansimond. But after some time, the Gentlemen of the Isle of Wight being destitute of a Minister and not likely to be supplyed on the terms I served them, requested me to return to them again, promising to reduce their Parish unto reasonable bounds, which I did, having first asked M'. Commissary's advice and consent. Now notwithstanding I myself in these Instances have involuntarily changed my Parish, yet I must caution your Lordship in this, that the custom here of Ministers so frequently changing their Parishes, not for laudable or necessary ends, is very offensive, and always interpreted by the People to proceed from levity or avarice therefore for this irregular practice the Dissenters, and others disaffected to religion do vulgarly apply unto us all that of the Prophet Is. LVI: II. III. I have been duly licenced by the Bishop of London to officiate as a 325 [1724. Missionary in this Government of Virginia. My Licence is dated Sexta die Mensis Martis A.D. I7o9, and also my Certificate from the Bishop, the sixth (lay of March, 1709. Here is another Irregularity many have been, and some are guilty of now: for Ministers coming from New York, Maryland, and other plantations where ever they find a vacant church make their applications there, and commonly find reception without any more to do, none ever qtiestioning either their Mission or license. IV. I have never been inducted into my living. Here your Lordship discovers a defect on the other side; for as some of the Ministry are of too vagrant a temper never fixing their resolutions on the discharge of their Office over one flock; so the Parishioners are very defective being either averse from, or very regardless of committing themselves solely to the care of one Shepherd, which may be informed from their neglect o: dislike of Induction so that Induction is very little practiced here. Some did refuse it, and opposed the Induction of a Minister, tho' a man of blameless life and conversation, as some of his strong opposers owned to me and Col. Spotswood, our late Governor (a Gentleman well disposed toward the Interest and defence of the Clergy), told me that he had gained many Enemies to himself by his endeavouring to induct that person, tho' by the Law of the Colony he was empowered to do it. The which disposition of the people here, when I had considered and examined the reason thereof I found this: That hereby they would reserve to themselves this handle of restraint on the Ministry, of not being bound to a Minister (as they express it), lest he should afterwards prove disagreeable to them, in which case they might the more easily cast him off for another more suitable to their humour; or lest he should become burdensome to them when he grows old and unable to serve them, according to which their policy may tend. I know a good honest man, a sound teacher and observer of the Dissipline and ceremonies of the Church of England (so far as it can be done here), who growing infirm as he entered into old age, and being thence rendered incapable to officiate in very remote parts of his Parish extravagantly large, was so munch clamoured at for his Neglect (as they esteemed it), that he was ready to quit one half of his benefice, to get rid of their threatenings & satisfy their complaints, had not Death pievented him, on which followed the correction of their Ingratitude (some of themselves owning it to be so, for their bad treatment of a good man), their church lying long vacant afterward, and at last God permitting vicious and dissolute 1724.] 326. preachers to come among them whose practice & conversation were wholly inconsistent with Christianity. V. I am always resident in the Parish to which I do belong, but when I officiate among remote Inhabitants on some immediate day of the week. That your Lordship may know what is meant by remote Inhabitants, be pleased thus to take it. My Parish lieth on the south side of James River, extending, as some others do also, from East to West; they began first to seat & inhabit on the Eastern parts, when they built their churches at their first settling; and proceeding on, as they encreased in their situation westerly, but neglecting to fix any bounds they have now seated themselves very remote from their parish churches; so that such Inhabitants can neither be profited by their Church or Chapel, they being too far distant even from this last named. Among these I have often preached both in mine own Parish, one Sabbath day of each month; and in other vacant adjacent Parishes, that are under the same ill circumstances of Remoteness. VI. My Parish extendeth upward of LX. miles in length, in breadth about XI. The number of families is uncertain, but so far as may be gathered from the number of Assessed Persons, the number of families may seem to be about 400. This excessive length of my Parish I have found by long experience to be so incommodious, that I could never perform my pastoral office as I ought, altho' I have spared neither cost nor labor on the attempts and endeavours thereof. But I must observe to your Lordship that this disproportionate length is not from necessity but negligence in some, and the covetousness of others, who think if their parish be cut shorter, it will too much augment the charges of maintaining a Minister. Yet I doubt not, but if this County were divided into three Parishes, there being now but two, your Lordships would judge the charges to be very tolerable for even in this case the Minister's salary would not exceed XXXII. pounds of Tobacco, i. e. about three shillings to be paid by each tythable or rated Person every year. The inconvenience and prejudice of such large bounded Parishes are very great. For tho' the People are very ignorant and undisciplin'd, the Word of God can be Preached but seldom among them; the use of the Sabbath day is converted by them into some diversion or worldly Business; they cannot be catechized so frequently as their need requires; their sick cannot be visited. 327 [1724. VII. There are Infidel.laves (viz:) Negro es,,which as soont as they are capable, are taught and baptized by the care of soine Masters, but too much neglected by many, We ha4e als& in this Parish a -fown, (as they call it), Inhabited by Indians tributary to this Governnment: th4y are in number about LXX. excluding Females and Children, a certairi nuiiber of whose youth is educated at the College by the charitable beneficence of the Good & Honorable Rob' Boyle, Esquire. But all means used for their conversion is like to prove ineffectual because of these obstacles which seem to impede the conversion of Infidels wherever Christianity is professed, i. e:-The wicked lives of Christians; as 'tis demonstrated in that excellent book called a I)emonstration of the Messias, Part II. pa~'ets 77 and 85. VIII. In our Church, Divine Service is perform'd twice in three Weeks, and at one chapel, distant from the Church XXIII. Miles, once in three Weeks. In remote parts of tlw Parish, once in four weeks at some private I louse; besides some principal I loly DIays. lhut this is to be understood of the order and times when I perform lDivine Service myself, by the law of the Colony they have also a reader, that reads the service and a Homily in the Church or Chapel the minister is absent from, when he officiates at another place. The number of hearers is sometimes but small. From this answer your Lordship will observe that I)ivine Service is too seldom performed, all Holy I)ays not being constantly observed here which happeneth unavoidably in those extensive parishes: for the reason, That so much time and travel is required for Preaching among them on Sabbath Days at Chapels and Private Houses as aforesaid. But I wish this defect were not observable also in other Parishes where no such excuse can be pleaded for it, too many), Holy days are omitted in the Colony), without Celebration of D)ivine Service. The fifth of Nov' and xxx'' of January are little regarded. But with respect to those very long Parishes I hope it will appear to your Lordship, how great the necessity is of their being divided; for their large extent is not only the cause of the omission of Holy days; but very often 1 have found that labor to be fruitless, which I have imployed in room of their observation; for sometimes after I have travell'd Fifty Miles to Preach at a Private House, the Weather happening to prove bad, on the day of our meeting, so that very few or none have met; or else being hindred by Rivers & Swamps rendered impassable, with much rain, I have returned with doing of nothing to their benefit or mine otv satisfaction. I have added in the answer, The number of hearers is sori 1724.] 328 times but small, which is meant not only in the cases of the Just now mentionid Impediments but also when a greater number might reasonably he expected to meet. The reasons of which seem to be (0) That the distance of the wayay my hinder many at sometimes who cannot be prepared to come X. XII. or XV. miles, tho' that they might and would if they had but V. or VI. (2) We have sundry Dissenters as Anabaptists and Quakers, and also others that care little for any religion. (3) There is diffused thro' all such disregard and negligence of Public Worship, that many think it not a thing necessary to be punctually observed. IX. In our Church the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper is administer'd thrice a year, the small number of Communicants is usually from ten to fifteen or twenty. It is not for want of preaching up the observance of this great duty, that so few do observe it. I did formerly divide my long Parish into six Parts, and that none might be ignorant or pretend they never heard of it I preached fully on the nature, use and necessity of this Ordinance, but what should harden so many hearts against it, I know not; except it be chicly, the general decay of Christian Piety, and loss of the true and serious sense of Religion in this unhappy age, seemingly abandon'd toluxury, pride, covetousness, corrupt principles and vicious conversation. X. I catechise the youth of my Parish on Sabbath days when their Parents or the Season of the Year will permit them to come to Church. But I must own to your Lordship, that because of those hinderances and others included herein, this office is not done as it ought to be, considering that it is a material and fundamental one; which is also obstructed very much by the too great distance of Inhabitants from their Churches and Chapel. I did endeavour once to supply this defect by Catechising and expounding some of the Commandments or articles of the Creed in Private Houses of the Parish divided as before mentioned, and then quarterly setting apart a whole week for the purpose; the which method tho' it was approved off, and generally embraced by the People at first, yet I had scarce continued this course for the space of three years, but their remissness to attend grew so great that I was discouraged myself from bestowing so much time and travel therein. Yet I Know not but this carelessness of people in a matter of so great importance as Catechising most certainly is, doth very much proceed front their never having been inured to this most necessary discipline; so that now they hold 329 [' 724. not themseJves obliged to give their attendance thereto. Thus in Nansimonnd Parish, where I did.officiate lately, it seemed a new and strange thing even to ancient People, when I called their youth to be catechis'd at Church according to the Canon; so that I fear, if ever this excellent manner of Instruction was observed at all, 'tis too much disused in some places of this Colony. XI. As to our disposition and provision in the Church for the decent and orderly performance of Divine Service, they are both imperfect; our Chapel hath lain unfinished for some years by gone, consisting as yet only of walls and Roof; the surplice is wanting, as also in most other Parishes. Wine is not duly provided for the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. In a word the LXXX. LXXXI. LXXXII. and LXXXV. Canons. Ecclesiastical are much transgress'd in some Churches which I suppose happeneth partly from sparingness, tho' this excuse drawn from a pretence of poverty, should now be laid aside when Parishes are grown populous and sufficiently able to provide such things; partly from ignorance I having been conversant in some Parishes, the Rulers whereof had never so much as heard that there was a book of Canons extant in the Church. X1I. My Living (as of all ministers in the Colony) is i6,000 pds Tobacco valued by our antient laws at So lb. current money, i. e. about 651b The tobacco is raised by the assessment of all Male persons of the age of sixteen and upwards, and of all Negroe, Mulatto, and Indian Women of the same age not being free. But the value of livings is very unequal because of the unequal value of Tobacco in different places of the Colony; on the North side of James River in many Parishes their Tobacco is sold at 20 sh' l Hundred, so that Ministers' Salaries in those Parishes are worth i6o pd" ann and sometimes much more when Tobacco sells at the hihhest rate, and they have this advantage that their Tobacco seldom goes so low but that they have a competent living thereby. l11t on the South Side of James River the value of Tobacco is much inferior; for in most Parishes it rarely exceeds uo slhs a hundred and very often doth not amount to above on2 half that sum; so that instead of 8o0" we have but 40u"" most commonly; except it be in some few Parishes. And there is also this great detriment which accrueth to some of us who live in these very spacious Parishes: That the Collection of our Salaries cannot be duly made because of the spaciousness of the Parishes, which hath been such an essential hinderance to me in the discharge of mine office, that I have never been able to do it, as I would have done, and what I have 1724.] 330 done, has been under the difficulties of Poor and mean worldly circumstances, I'm sure your Lordship will be persuaded of this by considering only (i) when trade is I )ead our 'Tobacco is sold at half the value set 111n it by I aw (2) mlost thing"s pertaining to domesti nIecessaries railent and cloathing espe. cially, are sold at double & treble the rate here that they are in England (3) The great disadvantage arising from the bad method of collecting, and defective payment of my Salary. But concerning this last your I.ordship shall be more fully informed, and of the means, I have used to redress it, together with other matters lpr:esnteld by me to our General Assembly, after you have read what I have copied out thereoft; which I have set here at the end of this; and which may perhaps give your Lordship some further insight in the State of our affairs here. XIII. I have no House but at mine own cost and charge, the Glebe not being worth the building upon. The hiring of Workmen being very chargeable here and other things relating to buildin to buil this hath grealdy augmented the difficulty of my circumstances; yet for it all I could not hitherto supply my own necessity in this, so as not be greatly incommoded with regard to my calling, so that XIV. I have never been able to build or repair a convenient and decent house at my own expence. Some Parishes have good Glebes, others very mean, others none. There is now a vacant Parish, to wit, the Lower of Nansimond County, that has a very good Glebe. XV. I have but one Cure, but so extensive, that I cannot serve it as it ought to be. I lere each Minister hath properly but one Parish, except a very few who have two small parishes Joined together, and served as one Parish having a Church and Chapel. But it often falleth out, that we have void Parishes which are supply'd by Ministers invited thereto by the Parishioners, or else who offer themselves to serve such Parishes on some day of the Week they find most convenient. Where I must admonish your Lordships, that such proceeding is not always regulated in due and decent manner, for some undertake to serve so many vacant Parishes that. they must of necessity neglect their own. I have also heard lately of a very unseemly and offensive contention at a certain Church before Sundry Spectators, between two ministers striving together which should be employed to supply the Vacancy. XVI. We have no Public School, the defects of our Private schools your 331 [ 171 4 Lordship will gather from one of the propositions presented to our Assembly. I have observed that some honest and well disposed men might he beneficial I in this office,,but for some vagrant and loose Persons pretending to teach at' a lower rate than another who would honestly mind his business can afford to do, so as to subsist by it. XVII. We have no Parochial Library. Our Private Librarys even those of the Ministry are many of them very mean, mine own is such tho' much better than sundry of my Brethren's that I have se:en. The wants of my Family could not hitherto permit me to purchase some books which I wou'd gladly otherwise have (lone. I have had the perusing of some good commentators, such as Bishop Patrick but have none of mine own to consult with on every occasion. I have greatly wished to be of ability to purchase the Bibliotheca Critico-Sacra, and a complete Ecclesiastical I listory, having none but Grynicus's Collection of the first Six Centuries; and the Bishop of Norwich's iBook of Canons, Articl.es &c. lcchlesiastical. To rlcemedy somlwhat the w\ant of Commentators I have no other mleans left but attending llor'(: diligently to the original Texts and most celebrated V\ersions, \vithl which I'l firnished from the Polyglot Bible. And even this Prodigious W\ork (as Bishop Burnet styles it), is not useless in this Country, tho' lately formetd out of a Wilderness (which one would therefore think might have continued longer in its Primitive Simplicity, firee from the corruptions of abused literature), where yet we have some shrew'd objectors among the Quakers and even Deists, whose mouths (which must be stop'd from this Waltonian Prodigy); Robert Barclay's learning hath filled with some of the learned arguments against tile Bible; while he tells uts [apol. page 81] that the contraversie about thet I lC)rew Points, and the various rcadings &c. do not a little derogate from thie I l()ly Scrilpttires. And truly 'what Harclay there says to this purplose, 1must nrteeds startle, if not cause to stultllble a Considerate Reader, if tunacqluainted with the Hleriew Text and capabllc of examining thuse \'arious secti(;:s; of wuhich Ihis literal sense makes exccelintg Ihigh mountains, highly derogatory to our I hly Oracles; but these mlloulltalinls viewecd with the oltblle P'rosl)ctives o(f Bishop Walton andl I ). Castellus of t(;hrious M.nbmory do soon dwindle into mole-hills esplecially in the Juldgmnent of a I'ious lanL ani d uni)prejtudiced Reader. Thus I h:tve advelntured to relpresent to your Lordslthip some defects and Irregularities with regard to the state alnd condition of our Church here; being such things as have been, may be, and really are, amiss among us. I would 1724-] 332 have added more (from an earnest desire to see a reformation of adults and enormities begun and promoted in the Church), but being an utter stranger to your Lordship, I shall forbear, referring Your Lordship to Col. Spotswood, our late Governor (a Gentleman of known credit and good esteem ald well affected to the Church of England and well acquainted with the state and circumstances thereof in this Colony, who still resides in this County at his own '1(iluse of ( ermainila Town in Spotsylvany County) for a more full and accurate relation of these things, which may he serviceable to your Lordship in the entcrprize and atchievemnent of so good, Great and necessary a Work; A work which hath not only the concurrence of my hearty desires and Prayers to God for its success, but for the Iromotion whereof I will not, mu1st not any longer conceal (tho' I have hitherto concealed it, as Men do hide a shtameful Disease) the necessity there is for that, which is most essential and absolutely necessary to wit, 'TIte Recuperation of the unspeakable loss, and Reparation of the enormous Infringement of the LXXV. Canon Ecclesiastical, the which I doubt not, will be no less grievous to your Lordship to hear, than it is to me to have an occasion of writing such things, but besides this hint (That your Lordship may have a more certain ground for reproof, Correction, or application of a speedy remedy, for which intents also 1 have sent a letter wrote by Commissary Blair to one of the Clergy), I shall here insert a passage of a letter that was written to our present Governor oni this doletul Thleme. Viz:- And those Grievances are the most unworthy and scandalous carriage of some Ministers of the Church who by their corrupt Conversation and vicious practice do demolish more in one year, than even a Wise Master Builder could re-edify in a much longer space of time: whose behavior is such that it greatly tends to confirm Atheists in their Infidelity and contempt of Religion, yea, to make Proselytes thereto, or to any party besides the Church of England, so that on occasion taken from these Men's offensive Carriage, the Doctrines of our Church, the discipline, and Ministry thereof have been lately reproached, slandered and impugned by a Quaker Teacher and that openly in the face of the County Court of Nansimond, and such are the notural fruits that do arise from the wicked lives of spiritual Guides in any such Church whatever, for when there is such obvious contradiction between the Doctrine and Practice of these men; even miracles could not maintain the Credit of that Church where such lewed and Profane Ministers are Tolerated or Connived at. 333 Ii'724. I shall also add that such are the De)fects of I)uty, Love, Elsteem, and union mutually between Ministers and People that it can rather be said truly, That they have Preachers than Pastors in many places of this Colony, The which being our Invetorate D)isease, contracted thro' the want of necessary D)iscipline and due Inspecti:n, 'tis supposed by some (who grieve at this our misflortune), that hardly anything seems suffticient to extirpate it, but your Lordship's appointing Two Faithfull, Industrious, and Prudent Visitors over us (if it might possibly be), one on the Northside,, and another on the South. side (where we have seven large Counties), of James River; there being on both sides bounds large enough for one Man to exercise his diligence in that manner and measure the work will require. I have mentioned a Vacant Parish with an extraordinary Gle1e, if your Lordship has the happiness to find such an one for us. But besides this, I think, so unaccustomned are the People of some Parishels to D)iscipline and gootl order; that it will require linte Umpon line, Precept upon lPrecep-t (prosecuted by a watchful Visitor), to inure thtemn thereto and the longer the application of some good remtedy is delayed, the more difficult will the cure be found to be; because in the most remote and and undisciplin'dparts of these Parishes there are still surviving some sober antient Persons, who were brought up in the doctrine and I)iscipline of the Church of England, who adhere thereto, and seem freely to embrace it; whom I have observed to have great Influence by their counsel & example, on the Young and uncultivate Generation to draw them into a good esteem of the Doctrine and service of the Church; the which recent brood, I fear without this hlelp, and by a longer absence of good discipline, will soon decline unto any party of D)issenters incident, by good words and fair speech, to pervert and deceive their simple hearts and Ignorant minds. In Nansimond a large Populous & wealthy County, the Quakers do sensibly encrease not only in offspring but also Proselytes; and so many are the offended Persons there high and low, at the Ministry of the Church, that I think, there wants but little more, than a learned, talkative, and Subtle Quaker Preacher to persuade a great number of them to Quakerism. But for the prevention thereof, and speedy expulsion of all other evils that do or may annoy or impugn the most holy Religion of our Blessed Saviour, or (which is the same in other Words), may tend or serve to disparage or defame the I)octrine of the Church of E'ngland, or prostitute her worship and Discipline to the opprobrious or Malignant. God Almighty, by whose Provi X724.] 334 dence you are set over us, who hath inspired your Lordship with this Grace to begin so Good a Work amongst us, long Preserve your Lordship in Health and life, with Authority over us, and with all things requisite for the good progress and desirable completion thereof, which is tim earnest Prayer of, May it please Your.ors'', Your Most Obedient & Most humble Servant, AL.EX'" FIORBES. A PROPOSITION') For sulpplying the country of Virginia with a sufficient number of much better Clergymen than have usually come into it; And for the riýnht settling and good Government of them. It is an easy thing to observe the bad constitution of this country as to its Church and Clergy especially in the following particulars.) is'. Many parishes are so small that they cannot defray the charge of a minister's maintenance. 2. Those parishes that are able are under a great temptation to keep no minister, for being without him they save so much of the parish Levy in their own pocketts. 3d. The Livings of this country by reason of their meanness are an encouragement only to the lowest sized of Divines to adventure amongst us, and by reason of their equality, are very ill calculated to instigate and encourage men of parts and diligence who ought to be spurred on by the hopes of some better preftIrments, anid not left to fare equally, with the most negligent and Blockish. 4t'. The precarious and uncertain tenure by which the clergy here hold their livings (being liable to be deprived of them by a vote of a vestry without (I) I would have given it the Title of a proposition for the encouragement of the Clergy; but that such a Title would have prelpocs',csid the General Assembly with great prejudices against it. (2) The method here observed is that of Grievances and remedies-here follows 8 Grievances distinguished by so many numbers, so that if your Grace would consider the distinct remedy of any one of those Grievances, it is but turning to the same number among the remedies & there it is to be found. 335 [1724. any crime either alledged or proved against them), is a ready way to keep any minister that can better himself elsewhere from the thoughts of marrying or settling in the country and consequently to oblige all the better sort of them in a little tnie to leave us. 51'. The want of Plantations and mansion houses and the scarcity of con. venient places to board at for single, and nutch more for married men, is anotlhr great discouragement to good countrymen to settle amongst us, 6'. T'he abuses tltat are freqo'ently put u1on them by sheriffs and other Collectors of the Parish Levies in the badness of the Tobacco, & the lateness of the payment occasioning great trouble and loss both in thi selling and freighting of it, make the minister's encouragements in this cotintry to be of much less value than otherwise they would be. 7". The great scarcity of good books in this country is a very considerable discouragement both to the minister himself, and a loss to his auditory, occasioning the meanness of his sermons and other ministerial performnances. From some ir all of these causes it happens that few ministers stay among us that have any hopes of prefermielt in England, and that any moan of Ingenuity would sooner choose to live upon 40 or so pound a year there free from the above mentioned uncertainties and inconveniences than upon double that allowance here to be so precarious & inconvenient and deprived of all hopes of further reward of his diligence and Industry. 8h. The want of some good Government shows the bad constitution of our clergy as well as the want of due encouragements, and without Government it is not to be expected but that Ignorance, scandal & negligence will creep in among the Clergy; there being no method settled to keep them to their duty or to punish them in case of the transgression of it, as in all other churches of the world. For the remedies whereof I luunbly offer my opinion in the same method wherein I have proposed the Grievanc(s and inconveniences, I. First then for a remnedy of the smallne.,s of Parishes let effectual care be taken that either two or three of those small parishes be joined in one, or that they be annexed to some neighbouring parish or enlarged by the addition of some titheables from a neighbouring parish. In which new modelling of parishes I humbly propose this rule, that no parish may have fewer than 400 (3) This remedy of the ist Grievance was approved of in all the parts of it by the Committee for revisal of our Laws. 1724.] 336 Titheables nor above 800; for so the parish would be great enough to give sufficient encouragement to a minister, and not too great for him to take the inspection of. And because no rule has been hitherto set, when & how chapels shall be 1built and how often the minister shall preach at theml, & when new parishes shall be erected, all which things ouiht to be determined, being the frequent occasions of such divisions & disputes, for remedy hereof I humbly propose, that in whatsoever parish there shall happen to be 1oo or more titheables 7 miles distant from the mother church, that the vestry take care to have a chapel built in some convenient place for their use, at the charge of the parish, and that the minister be obliged to preach at that chapel according to the proportion they hear to the rest of the parish. If they are a 4"t, once in four weeks, if a third, once in 3 weeks, if an half, once every other Sunday, and when the number of 'Titheables in any parish comes to exceed Soo, then let the parish be divided in two, and let two ministers be provided for them after the death or removal of the incumbent in whose time they began to exceed that number. The reason of this will appear by and by in my answer to the 3rd Grievance. II. To prevent the parishes' negligence in providing a minister when they are able to do it, there are two expedients which will be very effectual and they are both agreeable to the Law of England.'. The first is that the parish be obliged to pay the minister's salary during the vacancy as well as during the incumbency, for there is no reason men should reap any benefit by neglecting their duty. Now these vacant salaries may be applied to several good uses for the service both of the parish and country; particularly I shall show by and by what considerable encouragements may be raised from them, to furnish this Country with a learned and good Clergy. 'T'he 2"' expedient for preventing the long vacancy of churches is the taking the benefit of the lapse of time for presentation as in England; only the present circumstances of Virginia requiring that patrons have more time to present since we have no unprovided Clergymen in the Country, but must send them from England and it is reasonable after we have them, we should have some time to be well acquainted with them, before we be obliged to present them; I do therefore humbly propose that insted of six months to the patron, as much to the Bishop & Arch-Bishop before it fall to the King, the (4) The first Expedient was approved. (5) This 2nd expedient is not yet approved of for they stickle mightily against jure devoluto & Inductions. 337 11724. vestries be allowed two years & an half and the Bishop uo London or his Commissary one year before it devolve to the King or Gov', I do not mean that the parish should be so long without a minister but that 18 months time be allowed for procuring of one( and then a years time of Trial of him before they be obliged to present. And if at the end of two years & a half they present none, that then the right of Presentation for that time devolve upon the Bishop of London or his Commissary, for one year, and after that upon the King or his Governor.( But because it is an unreasonable thing that the vacant parish should be all that while without preaching & other ministerial duties, let it be enacted that the ministers of that precinct where the vacancy happens, shall be obliged to supply it gratis as often as they can, without being absent from their own parishes above once in eight weeks. There is so much the greater reason for their doing this gratis because the profits of the vacancy (as will appear by the next paragraph), are humbly proposed to be put to other good uses for the encouragemt of the Clergy. ()IIl. For answering the third inconveniency concerning the meanness and equality of the livings, I humbly propose that instead of the present allowance of 16,000 pounds of Tobacco per annum to the minister; his allowance may be 40 pounds of Tobacco per poll, which being less than is levied at present in most part of the parishes of Virginia for their minister, is therefore supposed will be readily complied with by the generality of the people and is likewise a much more equal tax than that of the present maintenance.. Now this 40 per poll when the parishes are so divided as I have said in the smallest Parishes will come to 6,oo0, but as much as the number of Titheables shall happen to be above 400 will be proportionately more, so that in some parishes it will be 20,000, in some perhaps 24,000 at present, and its possible in time in some parishes it may amount to 32,000 which is a very considerable encouragement for an able Divine, especially if we consider it with the addition of some other things that will occur to us by and by under the consideration of the other Grievances. sIV. The precarious way of ministers holding their livings being the (6) This method of supplying vacancies was approved. (7) This proposition of tie 40 per poll was approved. (8) This remedy of Induction is not yet approved, but to help the precariousness, they agreed that no minister once officiating in a parish shall be turned out of it, but by the votes of 9 of the 12 vestrymen. 1724.] 338 greatest cause both that worthy men do not care to come into the country, nor to settle & stay in it, seems to be the most necessary. to be redressed of all other grievances, and therefore I humbly propose that within the space of two years & a half after the vacancy, the vestry be obliged to present a Minister in order to induction, or else that they lose the right of presentation for that time and that the Gov' be obliged upon such presentatn to induct him except such objection be made ags' him as by the following part of this proposition would actually suspend him if he were in place, in which case and upon due proof thereof the presentation shall be null & void in itself and no more time allowed than to the end of the first two years and a half for presenting of another. But at the same time that Induction may be no protection to any man that shall afterwards grow negligent or scandalous, let the law hereafter mentioned in the last paragraph of this proposal be enacted, whereby it will be no hard matter to suspend such a one, tho' he is inducted.. The laiw doth already provide a remedy for the want of accommodations by appointing that Glebes le laid out and convenient bousts built thereon for the reception and accommodation of the Ministers. But for the better ascertaining and ftirther improving this great conveniency, I humbly propose that the quantity of Land be determined that shall be laid out for a Glebe, so that it may be sufficient to make a good plantation for 5 or 6 hands to work upon, and also to *prevent slight, insufticient & incommodious Glebe houses that are usually built, let some description be given of the form and manner of the house, such as that it be a framed house, that it have brick chimneys and Glass windows with casements, that the walls within be plaistered and the roof shingled, that it have at least one clear storey 1o foot pitch with two rooms and a large closet, besides cellars and Garrets; that care likewise be taken to have a kitchen and whatever other outhouses shall be judged necessary. (1t is likewise humbly proposed that out of the vacant salaries of each parish the (Albe of that parish le stocked With 4 or 5 negroes under an overseer & with a stock of cattle of 7 or 8 tilcile cows and calves for the use of the minister, and for keeping these houses in due repair & keeping the negroes in their full number between the ages of 5 & 45 and the Cattle as to number (9) The Quantity f ('0Ce Laud, & the convenieice of hosling were left ta the lirertijon ti veatries. (1s) This ploalhsition dalt itkxkilg tie GickS with legro" & Cattle, & the method for preserving them from being mmbleriled was approved. 339 [17C24. & age as shall be directed, let each vestry have power to oblige the incumbent to do it, and in case of his negligence herein after admonition to sequester so much of his living as is necessary for that effect,,nd when the minister dies or removes out of the parish or is suspended, let it be enacted that the houses and stocks of negroes and cattle aforesaid shall be made good out of his estate before any other debts or legacies whatsoever; and that these parish negroes and cattle shall never be subject to attachments, &c., as being none of the minister's proper estate, but shall be annexed to the freehold, and at his death or removal shall be given up into the ha'i ds of the vestry who are to take care of all during the vacanCy and to k cepall in good repair, and to be accountable to the visitors hereafter mentioed. i If it be asked here what other use the vacant salaries and profits of vacant Glebes shall be put to after a parish is firnished with these negroes and stocks of cattle, I humbly offer my opinion conc:rning the entire disposal of the vacant salaries thus. I"'). Lt the vacancy begin to be comlputed from the next quarter after the itlculnlbent's death, suslpenllsion or removal so far being due to him or his executors in considerat" of his incumbency. 2d. T'hn let the vacant Parish out of that fund of vacancies be provided with a Library of well chosen books for the use of the minister to the value of 50 pounds sterling. 3d. Let the Glcbe be stocked with the above mentioned negroes and cattle. 4't. Let the new Itinerant minister have the sum of 30 pounds given to him in consideration of his removal either from England or from some place in the country to that parish. 5'h. The vacant parish it self being thus supplied, let what remains of the vacant salaries be put into a common stock & be applied towards the same (II) What follows concerling the ussi the vacant salaries are to be put to, was for the greatest part of it approved, only the foillowilg alterations were mlad ill the method, viz: The ist Rcsolution was agreed to be the buying of a otod Glebe, where it is wanted. The 2Al Resolution, the building a mansion house & other conveniertt hIouses ulon the Glehe. The 3d Resoluttionll. lhe furnihisig the GWlsW with 4 lcgroes & 8 or io milch cows. The 4th Resolutisos. A tilsary for the use of the Minister to the value of s5o sterlilig. hl'l 51th Resolutioni, Th'e l smaintaioing poor schoolars of the parish (where the vacai cy happen-l, at school and College, The other resolutions were not approved. 1724.] 340 uses, viz: books, negroes and cattle, in the other parishes of the Precinct, where for want of vacancies they are unprovided of them. 6h. All the parishes of the precinct being thus provided, let the remainder of the vacancies go to the providing of books, negroes and cattle for the other parishes out of the precinct till the whole country is provided. 7th. If anything still remains perhaps it may not be unfit to allow it to the widow or orphans of the last incumbent if he left any: Provided it do not exceed one year's income of the living. si'. If after all thdre is anything remaining let it be given to the maintainof poor scholars of that parish at school and college or for any other good use the country thinks fit. '"VI. To prevent the abuses of sheriffs and other Collectors, I humbly propose that the minister lhave tie nominati on( of t cllectr of tlthe pa'riih levy, the paridsh allow ing that collector theI usual salary. OVIl. The. lest expedient I can think of for books is that out of the vacant salaries in the mtanner alove said, a.iibrary of well chosen hooks be providedr to the value of 50 pounds sterling and to prevent tile embezeling of those books let one catalogue of them with the prices at first cost be lodged with the vestry, another with the Commissary and a third in the Library it self with the Minister.. Let them be called over every year and inspected by order of vestry, and at every trienniall visitation by the Commissary, and for every book that is wanting, let double the first cost be payed out of the minister's living or other estate. It would not be amiss if the name of the Parish were stamped in gold letters on the outside of the book. eWVIII. Of all things it is the most necessary that some form of good Gov- / ernment be laid down to preserve the Clergy from Ignorance, scandal and negligence, and for this end besides the method of good encouragement already mentioned I humbly propose the following expedients of strict censure and discipline. ( 2) To prevent the abuses of sheriffs, &c., it was agreed that the Church wardens should collect the minister's salary, and that the minister should have the nomination of one of the Church wardens yearly. (13) This IProposition about furnishing & preserving of books was approved. (14) The following proposition alout rules for Governent of the clergy is not yet approved. If Induction passes then certainly those or some such rules will be made for throwing out scandalous and negligent men tho' they are inducted; the main objection they have against Induction being this, that it pins the miniister upon the parish if lie proves ever so Iad a man. Ito answer hich objectitsn thesc rults were contrived so strict. 341 [1724. To prevent Ignorance in the Clergy let all who shall hereafter take Licenses in this country undergo an' examination by the ComIn assisted by some of the Learnedest ministers of the country, to be chosen for that purpose by the clergy at their general meetings, and without their approbation let them not be admnitted into any parish. Let it also be enacted that the ministers of each pr(cinct meet once every quarter of a year at some of the most convenient clitrches of the precinct, and at those ipuarterly meetings let them exercise their Talents by set discourses of every man in his turn, against pfpvry, Ql2alkcrism, or any othir prevailing beresey, as also in the exilication of Scripture, resolving of Cases of Conscience, explaining the several parts of the ministerial function, considering, consulting and taking measures together atbot removing any ditficulty or danger that may happeit to them in thliir mlinitry n kixtitng inld tilmotising i1ni' aioItlter that so >y fIaternal -it nit ins they may i event the (implaint s of the Parish's 4n11 veit ci's and if tite Parith Lilbraries be will chosen so that what is wanting in on' may be tbtind in the rist of that precinet, they leay by lorriwing and lendinhg among themselves be very completely furnished on all subjects. Besides these quarterly meetings of the clergy of the precinct, Let there be one Gen' yearly meeting of all the Clergy of the country with the Commissary at the seat of the Government. To these yearly meetings let accounts be given of all the proceedings at the quarterly meetings and directions taken from thence for their further proceedings, and what rules are set at this general meeting for good Government of the Clergy not repugnant to the Canons of the Church nor the Laws of the country, let them be in The mean time obligatory to themselves under the penalties therein contained till repealed by his Majesty or the General Assembly. And to prevent the Scandals of bad Life in the Clergy, Let it be enacted that whatsoever Minister shall be found guilty of fornication, adultery, Blasphemy, ridiculing of the Holy Scriptures or naintaining by preaching, writing, or. in any open public discourse any Doctrine contrary to the 39 Articles shall upon Trial and conviction thereof loose his living and be suspended from all exercise of the ministerial function in this country for three years. And whosoever shall be found guilty of cursing, swearing, Drunkeness, or fighting (except in his own defence), shall for the first offence be suspended from his office for one whole year and the profits of his Bienefice shall go for thdt year 17243 - 342 to the same use with the vacant salaries, and for the 2"" offence he shall loose his living and he suspended from the ministerial office for three years, and for the 3"' ollence shall be utterly deprived of;all exercise of the ministry in the coltntry for ever, Pio vtlito A.wAYs that complaint of all these crimes he made within one year after the flict. Pa IViEt ALsO thile first transgression in venting an erronious opinion contrary to the 39 Articles, upon public retraction thereof before the Judges and visitors hereafter mentioned shall bel pardloned without any further Anl because runkenness is one of the most coininoti crimews, 4and yet hardest to be rlormed whereby it too often hapliens that the Guilty person escapes without censure, let it be enacted that tihe followinl Proof shall be taken for a sothufielnt proof of I )runkentess, viz: first It thc l igns of 1 )rnikenness lie p rovid sctih as sit tiin an ho itr oro loiger iiin the Comnijany where they were a driiikiig strontg driink anil i the ntamitini driitg fii healths or oterwi takig his clips as tlohy caitt i tine I like the cist of thlt comiptaty; striking., chldalltegiig, threatening to igh1t, oring aside aity of his ( a nits for that purpose staggering, reeling, vomniting, incoherent, impertinlent, obscene or rude talking. Let the proof of these signs proceed so far till the Jitdges conclude that te miniister's behaviour at such a time was scandalous, bindcent aol unbcomiting the Gravity of a niittnister. But because many of these signs may be ihllible for a full proof of Idrunkenness let 2 or 3 credible Persons who were in the company (and not drunk theminselves), declare upon oath their Judgment and opinion whether those signs proceeded from drunkenness or not [for vomiting may happen to a sober person from an accidental sickness or weakness of stomach, & reelingor and staggering from a sudden disease occasioning a giddiness in the head; and an eagerness in arguing may rise to indecent & almost abusive expressions]. But if these credible and sober persons upon oath declare their judgment that Drunkenness was the cause of those signs, this shall be taken for a full proof of l)runkenness. And to prevent negligence in the minister let it be enacted that whatsoever minister unless necessarily hindered with sickness, lameness, bad weather or some such reasonable cause shall neglect his duty in preaching, catechising, visiting the sick & administering the Sacraments, shall for the first fault 343 [1724. receive an admonition at the meeting of the Clergy of the Precinct; for the 2 fault shall receive a more public admonition at the General meeting of the Clergy of the country; fr the third thult shall be suspended from his office nod benefice for one whole year; and for any further fault of that nature shall loose his living and be declared incapable of holding any other in this country. Let it be further enacted that no minister enjoy the salary of more Parishes than one at a time, so to pjrevent the great abuse of pluralitiis and that no bargains or a reements be niude with the minister of thu Parish for less ir more than this law doth allow, and that there Ih no slichhg as ciaries or serving the cure of a Parish by another in this country except only where tie minister of any Parish is grown old or infirm that it may be lawful for him to keep an assistant to help him in perlorming the I )uties of his one parish, per1taps it may be fit to make lie like exception for necessary absince in Eng. land or elsewhere with the consent of the vestry. And to tite eind this goui i law may ii it prove inllefctual fir want of execntion, I linhu ly propose that a standing niuber of visitors be aplpointed, viz: 2 of the Clergy in every precinct who with the Cotimissary shall have power to try all causes resulting from this law. But to prevent all lartiality either to the ininister or the people, let an appeal lye from tiem to the Geieral Court. And besides thise trials of ministers upon occasional ctniplaints let there be triennial visitations of the said visitors appointed for every parish to be visited once in three years to see to the Execution of all the laws of this country, concerning churches, churchyards, Church registers, church books, utensils and ornaments, Glebes, mansion houses, parish Libraries, negroes and stocks of cattle, church wardens, ministers' assistants, vestries and parish clerks. And let all vestries be obliged to attend the said visitations and have power to levy upon the parish what shall be allowed for defr aying the charge of them and let churchwardens be obliged to take the oath of their office and duly to make presentments. And let the said visitors be obliged to keep a fair register of all their proceedings and have power to administer oaths and cite witnesses and do every thing else that is necessary for causing the said laws to be effectually put in execution by executing the Penalties thereof upon the several delinquents. 1724.] 344 To every article of those propositions let the Lawyers contrive good binding clauses and such proper encouragements and penalties that the Law may execute itself, and that every one that is entrusted may find it his duty and Interest to put it into execution. And I doubt not upon impartial consideration of all the several parts of this proposition, it will be found that it will be a most effectual expedient for furnishing this country with a learned pious and diligent clergy; and for rewarding such a clergy with all suitable encouragements and securing them in the possession and enjoyment of them, and for detecting and throwing out the ignorant, scandalous and negligent. A PROPOSITION for encouraging the Christian Education of Indians, Negroes and Mulatto Children. It being a duty of Christianity, very much neglected by masters and mistresses of this country to endeavour the good instruction and Education of of their Heathen Slaves, in the Christian faith, the said duty being likewise earnestly recommended by his Majesty's Instructions for the facilitating thereof amongst the young slaves that are born among us (the old ones that are imported into the country by reason of their not understanding the Language being much more indocile). It is therefore humbly proposed that every Indian, negro or mulatto child that shall be baptized and afterwards brought to church and publicly catechised by the minister and in church before the 14"q year of his or her age, shall give a distinct account of the Creed, Lord's Prayer and Ten Commandm"' and whose master or mistress shall receive a Certificate from the minister that he or she hath so done, such Indian, negro or mullatto child shall be exempted from paying all levies till the age of 18 years, but whatsoever Indian, negro or mulatto child shall not be baptized nor give such public account of his or her faith, nor whose master or mistress receives no such certificate as aforesaid shall pay levies at the age of 14 years for it is humbly supposed the advantage of 4 years' difference in levies will have great effects to this purpose. 345 [1724. PETITION of EDMOND BISHOP of LONDON to THE KING. To the King's most excellent Majesty, The Petition of Edmond Bishop of London, MOST IIUMBLY SIIEWETII, That upon enquiry into the state of the Church in the English Plantations, he finds the Clergy of Virginia (which is the most considerable Branch of the Church of England in America), are kept in precarious circumstances without Institution and Induction: By means not only the Glebes and mansion houses are neglected but the better sort of Clergymen are very much discouraged from adventuring themselves in the service of the Church in that part of the world and they who do adventure are intimidated that they can't with just freedom discharge their ministerial function. That upon a further enquiry into the occasion of this precariousness he finds it is occasioned chicly by the Parishes on the one hand neglecting to make Presentations as their Law directs, and the Governors on the other hand, their not making use of the Lapse which of right belongs to them as being appointed Ordinaries, with a power of Collation, as their Ordinaries have by the Law and Constitution of England. For remedy whereof your Petitioner humbly prays that your Majesty's Go"v of that Country may be instructed, that in case the persons who have the right of Presentation in that Country fail to present a duly qualified Clerk in due time after any parish lecomes void by the death or removal of the Incumbent, then he, the said Governor, jure dev;ollto shall collate and induct a duly qualified Clerk into every such parish. But in regard it is very possible considering the circumstances of that country, where they are obliged to wait for Clergymen from England to supply their vacant churches, that they cannot conveniently find Clergymen to present in so short a time as 6 months, therefore as an Indulgence to those vacant Parishes your Majesty is requested to instruct your Governors of that Country not to make use of the Lapse till I8 months after the vacancy; but 1726.] 346 that then he fail not to collate and induct jure devoluto, with all convenient expidition; that so all the Clergy of that as well as of your Majesty's other countrys may be legally instituted and inducted into their Livings. And as a further indulgence to the Parishes, that in strictness of Law, are already vacant by lapse, your Majesty is further requested to make it a part of the Instruction to your Governor on this subject, that he take no advantage of any time already past in computing the Lapse; but that he give due notice of this your Majesty's Instruction to all the parishes of Virginia, and that he begin to compute the I8 months of the vacancy from such notice and no sooner. AND YoUR PIerrroNER as in duty bound shall ever pray, &c. Mr. LANG to the BISHOP of LONDON. (EXTRACT.) St. Peter's, New Kent County on Plamunkie River, Virginia. February 7", I723. - My Lord, the short space, and timi I have lived here, has not as yet given me such experience as is requisite towards giving your Lordship an exact account of the State of Religion in those parts; but what has occurred to my observation, I shall in all humility and with due reverence offur to your Lordship, out of no other view, than to lhive the honor of Direction from you' how to behave as may lead mhost to the preservation of Unity and advantage of the Gospel. I observe the people here generally very Zealous for our Holy Church as it is established in England; So that (except some few inconsiderable Quakers), there's Scarce any dissenting from our com-: munion; and yet at the same time they are supinely' ignorant in the very principles of Religion, and very debauch't in Morals. Tiis I apprehend is owing to the general neglect of the Clergy, in not taking pains to instruct 347 [I726. youth in the fundamentals of Religion, or to examine people come to years of discretion, before they are admitted to partake of Church privileges. I have already with Terror observed some upon a death bed, others on a sick bed though requiring to have the holy Sacrament of the Supper administer'd; So wofully ignorant, that upon examination and tryall they could not rehearse the Articles of Our Christian Faith, nor the Lord's prayer and Commandments, nor give any solid account of the nature and use of the holy Sacrament. Others offer to come to the Lord's table on Christmas day, whom I discovered to live in incest as Married persons: these are very trying instances and very deplorable blindness. Some people are fond of bringing their Negroe Servants to Blaptism, how soon they are capable to rehearse thei( Creed, Lord's Prayer & Commandm'", and yet these live together afterwards in common without marriage or any other Christian decency's as the pagan Negroes do who never were entered into the Church Membership. Those who stand Godfathers and Godmothers for Children at their Baptism are extremely ignorant and never mind the solemn engagements nor can they endure to be instructed or catechiz'd so as to improve in knowledge and understanding. There are few Ministers in the Colony (as I'mn informed), who take any pains in catechisintg youth at church, or who ever pteachl or read prayers more as once of a Sunday. The great Cause of all which I htumbly conceive to be. in the Clergy, the sober part being Slothfull & negligent; and others so debauched that they are the fortemost & most bent in all manner of vices. l)runkenness is the Common Vice and brings with it other indecencies which among the ignorant creates disrespect to the character, and indifferency in matters of Religion. I shall only hint at a little of the great deal which I have undoubted authority to believe; were I charged and Commanded by your lordship I could name the men and descant upon their vices, and the Witnesses of their Lewdness and debauches. I low dreadfull is it to think that menn authorized by the Church to preach repentance and foirgiveness through Christ should be first in the very sin which they reprove? This is an infallible means to keep people in Infidelity and Inipenitence and to sooth them on to destruction. There's in this parish, one Jacob loindexter who has, in a seemning mnarry'd relation, lived with his llrother's widow above 7 years & has several children by liher: one had (in the Colony), a child by his own Sister, 1726.] 348 One John Doran in this parish keeps another man's wife avowedly as his Concubine although he was several years married to her own sister. Adultery & fornication seem here but venial in respect of what they ought to be judged. These are few instances whereby I plead your Lordship's advice how to behave since it wounds my Conscience to see and know Sinners go on without checque and rebuke and see no way of redress so as to vindicate our Holy Religion from consenting to such wickedness while the same is tolerated. I low far the power and authority granted in former times has been used I cannot tell, but there is at present an absolute necessity for your Lordship's exerting yourself for suippressing those practices which are so directly opposite to the Christian precepts and progress of the (ospel. I humbly 'ntreat your Lordship's advice how to behave so as to be of service in the Church, and to merit your Lordship's approbation.. I shall be able shortly to give more exact account of several things and will for ever endeavour to approve myself worthy of your Lordship's Countenance as being with greatest respect. May it please your.Lordship, Your Lordship's most obedient, most faithful & devoted Son & Servant, JOHIN LANG. P. S. If your Lordship will honor me with any commands, a letter under covert of M'. William Robertson in Williamsburgh will come safe, letters are apt to miscarry after they are sent ashore & frequently broke open, but directed as above cannot miscarry, M'. Robertson being Naval (fticer in York River & gets all letters very soon and safe and is a very honest man. The Members of CArist Church, ', To the Right Reverend Father in God Edmund Lord Bishop of London. MAY IT ILEASE YOUR LORSilllP, Our Minister, the Reverend M'. Bartho. Yates, having acquainted us that his family affairs, Oblidge him to make a voyage to England where we know 349 [1726. his Duty will lead him to wait on your Lordship, our right Reverend Diocesan, and he being an entire Stranger to you, we humbly hope it may not be thought too officious in us to give your Lordship his Character, as it is unanimously agreed by us, the Vestrymen of his Parish. Mt. Yates.has been in Virginia twenty-five years and upwards, and Incumbent in this parish three & twenty years, during which time he has in every respect behaved himself, in his holy office, with great diligence, and strictly pursued the Duties of his Function according to the dliscilpline of theli Church of England as far as would suit with our Circunistances, of which none can give your Lordship a better account than himself. He has always by a pious lifte and Conversation gtiven uis the great advantage of a goo0d examlple4, aIld by hIiis excellent discoutirses, and advices taught us our I)uty both to God & Man. I lis great Capacity has had the advantageous assistance of an Indefatigable study (we fear much to the prejudice of his healthli), his alflhle and Courteous behaviour, gained hijimi love and alk ction, and his godly, quiet and honest life, the Reverence and Esteem of all. \VWe wish we were able to give your Lordship his due Character without being too tedious but we most hupnlbly beg your Lordship to indulge us in slhewing our affection to our Dearly beloved Minister, since we are resolved.to say nothing but strict truth. It is allow'd by all the Country that have known or heard of him that M'. Yates is a most pious and good man. Witness, how ldesirous every parish'that wanted a Minister and looked upon themselves to be more valuable than ours, has been to get hIlim away from its and even dissenters themselves have conflssed that they' could fiecly go to Cltrclh ift' all outir Ministers were like hiili, I [is cxmilhplary life and Conversation is known or allowed throuIghiuet the Country and we are sure that no man that knows Virginia, (and will give your Lord shipi an illmpartial ace' of our Clergy here), canll contradict us for we know we speak tile trimlth before God & lye not. tHis Office hlie Ihas discharged well as if he always kept in miind S'. Paul's advice 2 Timl: 2 Clhap. I 5, 22, 23, 24, 25, & 26 V., 2 Tim: 3 Chap. I4 v., & 2 Timl: 4 Chap. v. 2. Taking special care to speak the things whicit become sountd ID)octrine, not self willed, not given to Winies, no Striker, not given to filthy lucre but a lover of hospitality, a lover of Goodmen, Sober, just, holy, tellmperate. 1726.] 350 RicuV REVEREND FATHER, We beg leave humbly to assure your Lordship that whatever regard or respect is due to a Minister of God's Holy Gospel who returns home to our Mother Country after Twenty-five years diligent (and God be thanked, we hope we have good reason to say, effectual) Labors in the Lord's Vine Yard abroad in the plantations, and behaved himself every way suitable to his Character, we are fully persuaded this Gentleman deserves it all, and we heartily pray Almighty God to preserve him on his intended Voyage and to bring him back again to us in safety: for surely no man was ever more profitable for the Ministry in these parts of the world than he. We humbly ask pardon for this trouble and beg your Lordship's blessings and Prayers. We are May it please your Lordship, Your most Dutifull and Obed' Servants, Wm S!IPW[TwU, Jtii R IIIs N, JohN SMo Ir, )"wIN T'lIIACKI{: JohN WORMELY, JohN Pl' u,., C. RIIINSON, GEORGE WORTHAM, OLIVER SEtcA, ROGER JONES, JOHN GRYMES. Christ Church Parish in Virginia, April the I21h 1726. MAY IT PLEASE vouR I LORDSHIP, BlIDGNORTH, July 23, 1726. In a letter received from M'. Micajah Perry I am informed your Lordship's pleasure is that I should communicate to you some account of the affairs of Church and Clergy in Virginia. As the knowledge of God and his will is the greatest honor & endowment we can receive from Heaven. So the publishing of it to those remote and ignorant corners of the world is a work noble in its self & worthy the care and encouragement of all Xtians. It is a misfortune, yet we who are So far Separated from your Lordship cannot So soon share in the prudent & vigilant management of your high calling and consequently may meet with Some in 351 [1726. conveniences in the discharge of those great Offices, yet we are (under your Lordship), entrusted with; one of which inconveniences is the precariousness of the Clergy's condition, which may be made out to you from the records of several parishes. Such a state is apt to make a man speak with hesitation.& creates prejudice and disesteem; whereas he that is sett to tell Judah of her sin & Israel of his transgression ought to be exempted from the incumbrances of fear & be in a capacity to tell every man his duty to God & his neighbour entire and undistinguished. As to my own condition I bless God I have nothing to fear as to this particular but I think I should not discharge my duty to religion & your Lordship if I had not mentioned it. Neither ought I to be Silent as to the. want of a regular and effectual method of a stricter discipline in respect to the Clergy themselves, without which it will be impossible to answer that bitter invective. Those men say, but do not. For he that does not rivett his doctrine by his practice and lett his actions keep a due decorum with his office will contribute very little towards propagating religion in those parts. When once a man's conversation Ihas made him contemptible hie lhas lost tlie power of doing good. Far be it from me that I should be the accuser of my IIrethren, but as we are all subject to infirmities with other men, a sense of having a power of Discipline among us may be of great use to keep a stricter guard over our actions that we may in every respect behave as it becomes the ministers of Christ. There are several considerations in relation to Religion in those distant places that may be mentioned. But I doubt not M'. Blair on his arrival will acquaint your Lordship with them. I humbly beg your Lordship's pardon for not waiting on you longer but having a numerous family & small income I was forced to hasten from the expence of living at London. Finding myself indebted to my vestry for their letter and I heartily thank your Lordship for your favorable construction of it. And if I have been any how instrumental (by a faithful discharge of my duty) of promoting Religion among them, I heartily praise that God who alone is able to bring about the most noble ends by the weakest and most unlikely instruments, and humbly beg your Lordship's prayers on the poor weak endeavours of, My Lord, Your Lordship's Most dutiful Son and Obedient Servant, BA". YEATES. 1727.] 352 Mr. BLAIR to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILLIAMSIBURGU IN VIRGINIA, October 28, 1727. My LORD, Though your Lordship has such a multitude of other business upon your hands, I know you will be glad to hear a little now.and then from this part of the world. After a voyage of almost eight weeks I arrived safe with the Governor at this Town the 81h of September. The Country is all in peace and quietness and seems to be mighty well satisfied with their new Governour. He is a sober, serious and well tempered man, obliging and courteous to all, never swears, nor gives way to passions, which examfples no doubt will do a great deal of good. On the 3"' of this month I had a meeting of the Clergy. They addressed the King, and your Lordship, and the Governor. The Governor has the two first; and will transmit them to your Lordship. He made a very serious and good exhortation to the Clergy at their meeting, and they depend very much upon his protection. He is resolved I believe, to take the first opportunity, by advice of Council, how to adjust the business of Presentations and the lapse, and I hope your Lordship, as you have opportunity, will encourage and confirn him in his good resolutions as to the better settlement of the Clergy. 'There is a perfect good tIunderstanding betwixt him and me; and that makes all things easy both with Clergy and Laity. Al. Taylor and M'. *Becket are lately arrived but M'. W\atts is not yet come. There is another Minister, one M'. Marsden, come lately hither by the way of New England. I le seems to be a man of figture and good sense, and I find by Letters he shewed me both of my Lord of Canterbury's and your Lordship to him that you are both acquainted with him. He has been a great Traveller in America, for he has been in South Carolina, and llarbadoes, and Jamaica, and now lately in New England, & has ample testimonials of his good behaviour in all those places. I find that by some trouble in his affairs, a statute of Bankruptcy being out against him, he suddenly left England this last time; which is the reason lie gives of his not waiting on your Lordship and bringing your letters as he should have done. I Ie has promised to write to your Lordship for it. In the meantime the Governor has given him leave to officiate in 353 [I728. one of our vacant parishes. This is all I have at present to trouble your Lordship with. I am, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obed' Servant, JAMES BLAIR. INHABITANTS of King Iilliam Parish in Manacan Town, Virginia, to M'. NEARNE. (EXTRACT.) 4th July, 1728. REV" SIR, Your near departure out of this Country obliges us the Church Wardens and Vestries of King William's Parish with humble submission to beg Your Assistance when, please God, you are arrived in London. We are very sorry that we can no longer enjoy the pleasure of your good presence and Education. We thought ourselves happy in our late settlement with your Reverence -. - We never had above 110o or 120 tithables, but at present our number is I3o. You see therefore the impossibility for us to raise a Sum Sufficient to keep our own Minister, and since we are conformed to the Laws and Disciplines of the Church of England and that our Parish is a Royal Gift to us French Refugees; we think we ought not to be obliged to consent to be dissolved and incorporated unto another Parish. Many of our Parishioners understand no English but for the sake of our Children and the E;nglish Families settled amongst us, we should be heartily Glad to have the Common Prayers and Sermons in English as well as French. "I745. 354 L'. GOJERNOUR GOOCH to the SECRETARfl VIRGINIA, Novr. 14, 1745. REV" SIR, I am very sensible of the undeserved Honour so voluntarily conferred on me by the Society and desire you will be pleased to tender them my sincere acknowledgments in return for it. When I reflect on the necessary qualification in a Member, upon the Rules they govern themselves by in every Election; when I consider that nothing can recommend any man to their approbation who is not Endowed with Virtue & Integrity. I cannot but be proud of being Esteemed worthy to be admitted into so celebrated a Body;--of being thought, what alone 'tis lawful to be proud of, a good Christian. This Character they have in effect bestowed upon me & I shall ever glory in maintaining it, & my hearty wishes that the pious undertaking and laudable Designs of the Corporation may at all times & in all Places he carried on with success,-that the Gospel of Christ may be propagated throughout the World will, I hope, make amends for my want of merit & abilities in other Respects. I must therefore beseech the Society to accept my solemn Promise of Religiously concurring with them to the utmost of my Power in all measures that can any way tend to promote the devout Ends of their Godly Institution. The books you mention after about twelve months passage came to Hand of which the last year I informed D'. Wilson & I trust I have made a right use of them, for I gave them away to persons living in different parts of the Government. I am with great Respect, Revd Sir, Your most obedient & most Humble Servant, WILL. GOOCH. 355 [1732. Anonymous Letter to the Bishop of London. VIRGINIA, May 30, 1732. My LORD, I hope your Lordship will dispense with the want of those courtly decorums that are due to your person and character, especially from these rude and as yet unpolished countries. My design is to let you know, what I am sure will be most pleasing, that is, the progress of religion. I am in a neighboring parish to Middlesex, where I have sometimes the satisfaction of hearing that ornament of your Clergy the Revd M'. Yates. The thought is truly melancholy to see such a man buried here in poveriy: That he cannot lay out forty or fifty shillings in Books without taking it out of the bellies of a numerous family; to see him after the fatigue of i4 miles ride to his church and preaching to a numerous congregation, ready to faint in administering the sacrament to an hundred and thirty or forty people, and this at his three churches successively, and after all familiarly instructing the negroes that have come about him, some of which he has brought to the altar, and after all the reward for such a discharge of his office, not to reach the common necessities of his family. He has two sons (as I am informed), in England, one of which is at the University, and the other in a little tinme will be fit to follow him, both which he did design to dedicate to the service of Religion, but must send for one if not both back on account of the expense, and bind thdiem to some handicraft trade to get a future livelihood. Your Lordship's answer to this may be, it's a pity to remove such a shepherd from his flock. But, is it not a great pity (Since your Lordship has so many means in your hands to prevent it), to see the family of such a man in poverty and disgrace. If ever any man deserved anything for propagating the Gospel in these parts this man does. The seeds of infidelity are plentifilll) scattered amongst us by those pernicious pamphlets so industriously sent over. hBut as this gentleman in particular arms his flock against tlhem, so when sumimoned by) the Governor to preach before hliii and the Generall Court last October, hlie did it so to the great satisiitction of the Governor that lie prcst hiiii with the utmost earnestness to have it printed, and spoke to scverall of the Council that were intimate with M'. Yates to the same purpose, but such is his natural Modesty, 1732.] 356 that they could not prevail. This affair came to my knowledge by one of the Council. Since the wickedness of the present age is so extremely great that profaneness and irreligion are become general, what encouragement is due to such a man, that thus stands in the gap and boldly tells Judah of his sin and Israel of his transgression, and all this with so much meekness that he does not terrifie, but wins them to the truth. As he speaks home to the heart, so he rivetts his doctrine by his own practice. Ihe Gov', Council, and whole Collony are witnesses of the truth of this. I thought it my duty to give you this notice; you are best judge what yours is. But I am sure, to be a lover of good men is one of the qualifications of a Bishop, and although I am a North Blriton and by education something biased against that order, yet I am in truth and sincerity, PI lAGATI IUS, A'. DAWSON to the BISHOP OF LONDON. W uLLIAM & MARY, VIRG, Nov. 8, 1734. MY LoRn, I am very sorry to acquaint your Lordship with the great loss we have suffered in the Death of the Revd M'. Yates. Piety to God and Beneficence to men, were the only arts of his excellent life. In him Wisdom & goodness were eminently conjoined. In the consciencious discharge of his duty, few ever equalled him, none ever surpassed him. Ile explained his Doctrine by his practice, and taught and led the way to I leaven. He was a mild but an impartial Reprover, neither sparing the greatest, nor overlooking the meanest. The sweetness of his temper gained him universal Good-will, the simplicity of his manners, Veneration. He was humble, without meanness, Modest, without Bashfulness, good natured, without weakness. Cheerfulness the Result of innocence, sparkled in his face. In Expence, he was neither profuse nor avaricious; in Charity, unbounded, universal. He died on the 26th Day of July, 1734, in the 57 year of his age. I am, May it please your Lordship, Your Lordship's Very dutiful Son and S', WILLIAM DAWSON. 357 [1735. M. BLAIR to the BISHOP OF LONDON. WILLIAMSBURGII, Mar. 24't 173h. My LORD, Your Lordship's of Sept' 24'h came not to my hand till the 7'h of this month of March, and though I had about 3 weeks or a month before wrote to your Lordship at large, in which a great deal of the contents of this were previously answered, particularly an account was given of our vacant churches and somewhat of the present state of the college, yet now it will be necessary to give your Lordship the trouble of a few lines upon this new occasion. As to the anonymous Letter, I know not the hand, nor can I guess at the author, and tho' there may he some truth in what he objects to the Clergy in the point of drinking it is neither so general nor to such a degree as he represents it. Somle of the personls he names I have admonished both in discourse and writing, & have found soIme good effcts of those admonitionts, But it is a mighty hard matter to prove any of these upon them. It is an office which everybody declines, except when the scandal is very great, and then when they fear a publick prosecution, they contrive to leave the Country. I shall take occasion to renew my admonition to some persons on this subject, but 1 may safely tell your Lordship it is not near so bad as that anonymous person represents. As to the other letter from a private person in Virginia, telling your Lordship that if you sent a dozen clergymen hither every man would have a parish, I believe he did not mean that there were there so many vacant parishes but in disparagement of the present Clergy, he meant that if they had better men to substitute in their places they would turn out some that they have & take in others; for when that letter was dated about two years ago, I do not remember we had above two vacant churches which were quickly supplyed except (as I acquainted your Lordship in my last) Some new erected parishes which had neither Churches nor glebes, and untill they had gone through the charge of building churches could not nor would not be at the charge of a minister's salary. The parishes for which we want ministers now are become vacant since that time by the deaths of four ministers. M'. Yates, AM. Smith, M'. Latane and M'. Swift, and now I hear of another dead or dying, M'. Kennor, 17351. 358 and there are two more vacancies occasioned by the removing of M'. de Butts and M'. Keith to Maryland. Of this last I gave your Lordship an account of the misfortune which occasioned it, tho' I did not then know what I have learned since that from some circumstances in his case, our Governor recommended him to the Governor of Maryland. \Ve have now the most vacancies I have known in the Country, several of them occasion'd by divisions or new erections of Parishes, with which I thought it would be time enough to acquaint your Lordship, when they had gone through the charge of building a church, for none of them are willing to have all these charges come upon at once, viz: building a church, purchasing a glebe, and raising the Minister's salary. There are three parishes in this condition that will be ready for ministers about a year hence. The rest of the vacancies are by late deaths and removals, not any of them so long past as the date of that letter. I wrote to your Lordship about theni I think early in Feb'. last, since that time I have just now heard of the death of another of our ministers, a very good man, M'. Rodham Kennor. I send your Lordship by this opportunity a list of our present parishes & incumbents, and though much failed in all parts of activity, shall lendeavour both by admonition & examplel to discharge my duty as well as will consist with mly great age, being now tetered into my eightieth year. Yet I thank God I have so much lhealtlh, as to preach every Sunday and to read my notes without spectacles. I eimploy M'. 1)awson to read prayers for me, and to preach sometimes when I am indisposed, we are in great peace and quietness in this country, only the ministers and the rest of this country will be sufferers by the great fall in the market of tobacco. I thank your Lordship for the good advice so gently hinted in your late letter, and shall endeavour to answer the purport and intent of them, but I hope your Lordship will not make yourself uneasy by any anonymous letters, which yet I believe are more aimed at the Clergy in general than at me in particular. The person this letter mentions (M'. Mead), was a schoolmaster whom they clandestinely sent home for orders; he took their money and has never returned. The old Gentleman that was the great favourer of those opinions (one Col. Nicholas Smyth), is since dead. He was, they say, a great admirer of M'. Woolston. There are very few here tainted that way. I am sorry to hear Infidelity is so openly owned in Elngland; from thence it is that our masters of ships vent a good deal of it wherever they come. 359 [1736. But I hope by the pains Your Lordship and other learned men have taken, they are so exposed and confuted, that they will make no great progress in their atheistical designs. I recommend myself and this poor Church and College to your Lordship's prayers and benediction, and am, My Lord, your Lordship's most obedient and much obliged Sev', JAMES BLAIR. M. DAIrFSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. W\VII.AM & MARY, Sep. 14'h, 1736. I think it my duty to give your Lordship notice of any erroneous doctrines which may happen to be introduced among us. "The plain Account," a most dangerous commodity has been lately imported into this country. Some well meaning people are in danger of going into the author's opinions. Others. espouse his sentiments b)ecause the Clergy in general olppose theni, This book, I fear will divide a people, who have been famotts for unity' of belief. I laving mentioned the bane I hope your Lordship will be pleased to. furnish us with a proper antidlote against it, I have sent, to M'. Thomas Cox, Bookseller in London, for all the Books of note that are written in the controversy about the'sacrament, that I ma), be enabled more successfully to combat error. If 'tis apprehended that he WIill make a bad choice, may I presume to implore your Lordship's direction thereof. But if modesty forbids me to expect it, let me intercede for pardon for my prestumption,:! Permit me to acquaint your Lordship that if any aiteration has been made in the pray' for the Royal family upon the Prince's marriage, no order concerning it has yet arrived. In the Irish Common Prayer Book, my Lord, there is a prayer for the chief Governor, whether that or a like form may be used for the Governor of this Colony, is, with all deference and humility submitted to your Lordship's consideration, I am, My Lord, Your Lordship's Most dutifiul, devoted, humble Serv%, WI.LLIAM I)AWSON. 1738 - 360 Mr. GAVIN to die BISHOP of LONDON. ST. JAMes lARNsIt, (1ov1In.ANnl, Aug. 5, 1738. Ruior Rev' FArMR IN G011 I received your Lordshipis blessing in May, 1735, and by had weather we were obliged to go utp to Maryland and from thence five weeks after, I came to Willianmsbrg & was kindly received by our Governor and M1. Commissary Blair, I got iinuediattly a pIrish which I served nine months, But, hearing that a frontier parish wan vacant, & and that the people of the mountains had never seen a clergyman since they were settled there, I desi-red the Governor's consent to leave an easy parish for this I do now serve. I have 3 Churches, 23 and 24 miles from the glebe, in which I officiate every third Sunday, and besides these three I have seven places of service up in the mountains where the clerks read prayers, 4 clerks in the seven places. I go twice a year to preach in 1 2 places, which I reckon better than 400 miles backwards and forwards, and ford 19 times the North and South Rivers. I have taken 4 trips already, and the 20th instant I go up again. In my first Journey I baptized White people, 229; Blacks, 172; Quakers, 15; Annabaptists, 2, and of the white people there were baptized from 20 to 25 years of age, 4: from 12 to 20, 35; and from 8 to I -, 189. I foound at my first coming into this Parish but 6 persons that received the sacrament which my predecessors never administered but in the Lower Church, and, blessed be God, I have nowv 136 that receive twice a year, and in the lower part 3 times a year, which fills my heart with joy and makes all my pains and fatigues very agrecable to me. I struggle with many difficulties from Quakers who are countenanced by high minded men, but I wrestle with wickedness in high places, and the Lord gives me utterance to speak boldly as I ought to speak. I find that my strength faileth me but I hope the Lord will be my strength and helper that I may fight a good fight and finish my course in the Ministry which is given me to fulfill the word of God. There is one thing that grieves my heart, viz: to see Episcopacy so little regarded in this colony, and the cognizance of spiritual affairs left to the Governor & council by the laws of this colony. And next to this, it gives me a great deal of uneasiness to see the greatest part of our Brethren taken up 361 [I73#* in farming and buying slaves which in my humble opinion is unlawfiul for any Christian and in particular for a clergyman, BIy this the souls committed to their canr must twifr, and thii evil caoolit ho redressed for want of a yearly convocation which h1s not been callbd these to years past. The Rev' MP'. Blair, I really believe, is a good man, and has been a good minister, but he can not act in his commission as it is required, & I have always wish'd that your Lordship would send as a D)eputy Commissary a Clergymoan of known zeal, courage, & resolution, & such as could redrtess some great neglects of duty in our brethren, & bring H piscopacy to lbe better regarded, for even some of the clergymen horn and educated in this colony are guilty in this great point. Pardon, illy Lord, these my open expressions, I think myself obliged in conscience to acquaint your Lordship with these evils in hopes that God will direct you to prevent them in some measure, for tho' I know how things go with us in this workl, we do not know what shall become of us in the next. And that God may bless and pireserve your Lordship, and grant plenteousness to your family, is, has been, and shall be the daily prayer of, My Lord, your Lordship's most obedient and submissive son and serv' in Jesus, ANTHONY GAVIN. MAf. BRIDGES to the BISHOP of LONDON. MY GOD B~IS, HANOVER, in Virginia, Oct. 19, 1738. Mv GOOlD BmIsnIom The little good I find I am capable of doing without your particular countenance in first subscribing and getting subscriptions to, that your excellent design of instructing the Negroes here according to the method proposed, and pressing the Commissary to follow you and solicit the Governor and his interest, I say all that can be done in this affair without your Charitable efforts will, to my great concern, I fear come to nothing. T 'he Commissary and I grow in years, and the world hangs heavy upin us. I am rous'd sometimes and then call upon him, and then he is asleep perhaps & answers nothing, & 46 1740.1. 362 I am ready to sleep too. Would to God your powerful voice would sound in our ears to get up and be doing a little more good, while there is time and opportunity, which would incite us to be thankful to your goodness for so great a blessing and especially to me Your most obedient & most dutiful servi, Cl IARLES BRIDGES. Mr. BLAIR to the BISHOP of LONDON. MWILLIAMISBURGH1, May 29, 1740. My LORD, Opportunities of ships now in time of war being more rare than usual, I embrace this opportunity by a ship of Alderman Perry's and by this bearer, M'. Thomas Dawson, a brother of M'. William Dawson (who has been very frequently mentioned in some of your Lordship's former letters), who now intends to wait on your Lordship for orders. He has had most of his education at our College and under his brother's direction has studied DIivinity. He is a young man of a sober, regular life, & bears a very good character. I hope your Lordship will give him what dispatch you conveniently can. Since my last we have had four vacancies in the Churches of this country. Two of our oldest ministers, M'. George Robertson, & MI. Emmanuel Jones are dead. Ai. Jones's Parish waits for a young clergyman from England, one M'. Yates, the son of a very worth)' father who died a few years ago in that neighbourhood. This young M'. Yates (if it is not done already), will wait on your Lordship for orders & licences, & will be very welcome here on account of his Father's memory. There is a clergyman, one 1\r. Richard Hartwol came into this country from Liverpool about a year ago, only in Deacon's orders. He was ordained by Joseph, Bishop of Rochester, Sept. 21, 1735. He brought no letters of recommendation, and came very unprovided of books or anything else. The Governor befriending him, he preached in several churches, & has a taking way of delivery, but no parish seems desirous to have him for a minister chiefly because he is not capable of administering the sacrament of the Lord's supper, which the)' are very pressing for especially 363 [1740. on their death-beds. The Governor has very lately recommended him to some gentlemen of that Parish which was M'. Robertson's, and he is gone thither, but, as I hear, meets with great opposition. I want your Lordship's directions about him for I am somewhat diffident of his character in England, by reason of his coming away so suddenly and abruptly, and that he has been so long since he was Deacon without receiving Priest's orders, and seems averse to repairing to England for compleat orders. There are two more Parishes which became void on worse accounts, strong presumption of the incontinency of the ministers. One was M'. John Roberts, who was accused of living in fornication with a Mulatto woman & of being most scandalously negligent at his churches and Chappels without preaching or visiting the sick. The parish had generally deserted him and was very impatient to get rid of him, which he perceiving, left them without any sentence, and has so bad a character that he is not likely to get another living in this country. The other scandalous minister is M'. Robt. Chaplin who was accused of having two bastards by two several women, to one of which he had promised marriage but deceived her. This gentleman likewise, before he would stand a trial, chose to lay down and quit the Parish. The first of these Parishes is supplied by one M'. John Thompson, who had your Lordship's licence for Maryland, but there being no vacant Parish in that country, M'. Henderson sent him with a good character, into this colony. The second, that of M'. Chaplin's, is not as yet supplied, but there is one MR. Smith, a sober good man, who left a very large parish lately, by reason of a lameness which incapacitated him from attending that large Parish; we are endeavouring to get him into this which is a small one, and has but one church, So that this gentleman M'. 'Thomas i)awson is not likely to find any vacant church here when he returns, but being master of our Indian school, that will be a very good provision for him till a better falls. My Lord, the passages both going and returning, are of late years so very scarce, & the time of sailing in fleets so very uncertain all which enflames the charge that I hope your Lordship will recommend him for the King's usual bounty to Clergymen sent abroad to the plantations. We expect daily the Virginia fleet. We are busy here in listing of Volunteers for some expedition against some of the Spanish Plantations. If there are any fasting days appointed and any service composed on that occasion, I 1742.] 364 hope your Lordship will favour us with what is proper upon such an occasion. M'. Whitfield is going about North America. He preached here once in his way from Pennsylvania to Georgia. If he is under any censure or prohibited to preach in your Lordship's Dioceses as there is a rumour since: your Lordship's Directions shall be performed. I am your Lordship's Most obedient servant, JAMES BLAIR. M'. BLAIR to the BISHOP of LONDON. VILLIAMSBURGH1, Feb. 19'h, 174. Mv LORE), This comes by an ingenious young man, M'. James Maury, who tho' born of French parents, has lived with them in this country of Virginia since he was a very young child. He has been educated at our College, and gave a bright example of diligence in his studies, and of good behaviour as to his morals. He has made good proficiency in the study of Latin and Greek authors & has read some systems of philosophy and divinity. I confess as to this last I could have wished he had spent some more time in it before he had presented himself for holy orders that his judgment might be better settled in the serious study of the Holy Scriptures and other books both of practical and polemical Di% inity. But his friends have pushed him on too fast. He looks too, much younger than he is, being of a brood that are of low stature. He will be by the time this comes to your Lordship's hands about 24 years; Having been born about the beginning of April in the year 1718. I observe your Lordship's direction of not recommending any for orders until we have some vacant Church. There are at present two & like to be more by the erecting of new parishes. I doubt not your Lordship's encourageng our Virginia students. It is a great advantage that we have them from their infancy. They generally prove very sober good men. I am now very much decayed especially as to my hearing at any distance. With a grateful sense of your Lordship's bearing with my infirmities, I expect my time here must be very short being now entered into my 87h year. I am my Lord Yours, &c., &c., JAMES BLAIR. 365 [1749. M'. DAJFSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILLIAM & MARY, July II, 1749. Mv LORD, The bearer of this M'. Adam Menzies is a candidate for Holy Orders. He has been an instructor of youth in a reputable family these four last years, during which time he approved himself to the neighbouring Clergy and laity. I am concerned and surprised to hear that young Mr. Blacknall, recommended to your lordship's predecessor, has misbehaved and laid aside all thoughts of the ministry. Kingston in Glocester, his late father's Parish, and intended for the son, is still vacant, and Augusta by the death of M'. Hindman. Two Parishes, Rawleigh in Amelia & Truro in Fairfax were divided the last Assembly; so that if Your Lordship shall think fit to ordain the gentlemen from hence, they will in all likelihood be provided with livings. A worthy Clergyman assures me that M'. Win. Douglas's tide from M'. Morel, minister in Saint Mary's county, in Maryland is genuine. I need not acquaint your Lordship that many of these Northern Gentlemen are bred Presbyterians who being admitted into Orders seldom have, I fear, so great a regard for the Church's Interests as their own. Clergymen from Oxford and Cambridge would be more acceptible to the people of this colony, and there is now the greater occasion for a regular Ministry abroad in respect of the Dissenters, whose teachers, generally speaking, are more learned than in former days & as zealous and active as ever in seducing the members of our communion. It will not, I hope, be impluted to partiality or prejudice, if I should affirm that the churches are suppliedl with better ministers from our Seminary (all of them beingi well reported of), than usually come from home. I thought it my duty to shew the absolute necessity of sending able and good men to weaken the growing interest of the Separation & strengthen the declining state of the Establishment. I am, my Lord, Yours, &c., &c., W" DAWSON. I750.] 366 AM. DAIJFSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. (EXTRACT,) WILLIAM & MARY, July 27, 1750. MY LoaD, Seven meeting houses situated in 5 counties have been licenced by the General Court for M'. Samuel Davies. In these counties there are eight ministers of the established Church. The Justices of New Kent County lately granted him a license to have a meeting House in St. Peter's parish, but their order has been superseded by the General Court, it being judged that this affair is not within the jurisdiction of County Courts. The Instruction alluded to in the answer of Peyton Randolph, Esq'., Attorney general of Virginia, to the first Question is as follows: " You are to permit a liberty of Conscience to all persons except papists, so they be contntnted with a quiet and peaceable enjoyment of the same, not giving offence or scandal to the Government." I earnestly request the favour of your Lordship's opinion, Whether in licensing so many houses for one teacher they have not granted him greater indulgence than either the King's instructions, or the Act of toleration intended? It is not to be dissembled that several of the laity, as well as Clergy are uneasy on account of the countenance and encouragemnent he has met with, and I cannot forbear expressing my own concern to see Schism spreading itself through a colony which has been famous for uniformity of Religion. 1 had almost forgot to mention his holding forth on working days to great numbers of poor people who generally are his only followers. This certainly is inconsistent with the religion of labour whereby they are obliged to maintain themselves & their families; & their neglect of this duty if not seasonably prevented may in process of time be sensibly felt by the Government I am, my Lord Your's, &c., WX,. DAWSON. 367 [1743. My LORD, Mr. Commissary Blair died the I8l' of the last month; and M'. Wm. Dawson, M.A., brought up at Queen's where he lived nine years, the Gentlemen I took the liberty some time since to mention to Your Lordship as a very fitt Person for that appointment, being by the unanimous consent of the Visitors elected President of William and Mary College, as good a Testimonial as Your Lordship can receive from hence of his merit, I again take the freedom to recommend him to Your Lordship as a Person duly qualified to supply Your Lordship's absence in this distant Part of your Lordship's Diocess. As the Warrant for Paying the Commissary's sallary ends with M'. Blairs it being in his name; and must be renewed in the name of the Gentleman Your Lordship shall be pleased to appoint, unless it could be obtained with only the addition, which I presume to say would be much better. I have ordered our agent, Mr. Leheup to wait on Your Lordship, and receive Your Lordship's commands, therewith that he may gett it done according to Your Lordship's Directions, and transmit it to me. The Vestry of N'. Blair's Church have unanimously elected M'. Tho. Dawson, Brother to M'. William Dawson, who has the next Parish to the Cottage, to be their Rector: he is one of the masters of the College, and had been for some time their Curate. We have three vacant Parishes. The dleceased has had a Rupture about forty Years, a secret to every Body save one acquaintance, and that turning to a mortification killed him; but such was his Constitution that he struggled with the Conqueror ten days, after the Doctor had declared he could not live ten Hfours. Hle has left his Books and /500 to the College, and to his nephew and his Children near ~/o,oxxo, besides other small legacies. I beg Your Lordship's Blessing for my self and Family, again increased by the Birth of a Grandson, and am with great ID)uty and Respect Your Lordship's most Faithful humb. Serv', WILLIAM GOOCH. May 1olo, 1743. 1750.] 368 EXTRACT of a letter from the Reverend Mr. Sam. Davies in Hanover County, Virginia, to Dr. Doddridge, dated Octf 2 ", 1750. The Church of England has been established in this Colony since its first plantation and there were not above four or five Dissenters that I know of within a hundred miles of this till about six years ago. Religion, alas! was just expiring and a strict form of Godliness was very rare. The Clergy were generally degenerated from the Calvinistical articles of their own Church and careless about strengthening the things which remained and were ready to die, (and many of the Laiety were extremely corrupted in their principles and manner). I am sorry Sir that I have occasion to give an account that may so much as seem to be inviduous; but I do it to exalt the rich Grace of God which pitied us in our low condition and not to asperse another denomination. About six years ago it pleased the Lord to open the Eyes of one Sam Morice a Lay Man by reading some Old Authors particularly Luther on the Galatians, Flavel, Bunyan, &c., who thereupon endeavored to awaken his neighbours whom he saw like to perish in security round about him, by serious conversation with them and reading profitable Books (and these private means were effectual for conviction of Sundry), thus they spent their Sabbaths for some time not knowing that there was any Minister upon Earth now a days whose doctrine would agree with their sentiments (which I may observe by the way were generally Calvinistical tho' unhappyly corrupted in a few instances by an Antinomian tincture which has since been thoroughly cured), at length they had opportunity of inviting Mr. Robinson, a Member of our Synod and a painful, unwearied Minister of the Gospel who now rests from his labours, to preach amongst them and the Providence which gave them this opportunity was really remarkable, but I have not time to relate the circumstances of it; he preached but four week days successively among them and the number of his hearers was daily increased, some being excited to attend from a curiosity and an affectation of novelty and others by nobler motives. The word ran and was glorified. A General Concern about religion was spread through the neighbourhood, and some hundreds, I believe, were 369 (1750. brought anxiously to enquire what shall we do to be saved? Sundry of whom have since given good evidences that their concern has issued in a believing resignation of themselves to God through the Glorious Redeemer. After this they applied to our Synod for a Minister, though about 300 miles distant, but the number of our Ministers being not at all proportioned to our vacancies in many parts we would only send some of them to officiate amongst them for a few Sabbaths about once a year; till about two years ago when, as I observed, I was sent to take the pastoral charge of them. These transient labours of my Brethren were extensively blessed and when in their absence the people associated to read and pray, the Lord was in the midst of them, so that now there are seven Meeting I louses in and about this country where about six years ago there were not 7 Dissenters, The nearest of thise Meeting houses are 12 or 15 Miles apart and at each of them large Congregations are Wont to assemble who generally hear with eager attention, and tho' the Religious commotion is not so apparent now as formerly, yet the Son is still quickening whom I Ie will and the prospect of success is encouraging. This supports me under the fatigue of my Ministration which seems unavoid.1ble at present for the Number of our Ministers is so small and our vacancies in various parts so many that I have thought it my duty to take the seven Meeting houses under my Ministerial care. I have also comfortable hope that Ethiopia will soon stretch out her hands unto God for a considerable number of Negroes have not only been proselyted to Christianity and baptized but seem to be the genuine seed of Abraham by Faith. There are as many as i,ooo of them in this colony, and some 0oo of them are the property of my people. I have baptized about 40 of them in a year and a half, 7 or 8 of whom are admitted into full communion and partake of the Lord's Supper. I have also sundry catechumens who, I hope, will be added to the Church after farther instruction. Sir, favour us with your prayers that we may see greater things than these for tho' the Lord has done great things for us, for which we are glad, and which I would mention with the warmest gratitude, yet I have cause to complain that my success at present is not equal to what the posture of affairs would seem to promise according to common observation, which I oftimes impute to my own unfitness to move in so large a sphere. If I am acquainted with the temper of my own mind I do not rejoice in the increase of our numbers as captures from the Established Church, and if I do, I am sure your 1750.] 370 generous spirit would abhor it. The Kingdom of God is not meat and drink, but righteousness & peace and joy in the Holy Ghost, and if Men are walking the Heavenly Road, it affords me but little uneasiness that they are not of my mind about every circumstance, and notions of things will not be wholly the same till we view them in light of celestial day, but if their journey with us be attended with a disposition to receive the truth as it is in Jesus, if the cause of it be a weariness of the Ministry of such as did not direct them what they should do to be saved and speak a word in season to their weary Souls, and if their general conduct be so happily changed as to argue a change of heart as well as of sentiment in lesser points, I think, Sir, it is matter of solid joy to the most Catholic spirit. \ But it has been an unhappiness to lie under the odium of the Government and Clergy as incendiaries and promoters of Schism, and sundry measures have been and still are pursued to restrain and suppress us. Sundry of the people have been indicted and fined and tho' our side are willing to comply with the act of Toleration (as I have actually done), yet the Government, under a variety of Umbrages has endeavored to infringe upon my Liberties and to exclude my lBrthren from settling here. It has been alleged that the act of tolleration does not extend to tlis Colony (tho' by the by our Legislature has expressly adopted it so far at least as to exempt Protestant Dissenters from penalty for absenting themselves from Church), and the Counsel have lately determined that a dissenting Minister has no right to more meeting houses than one, in consequence of which they have superseded a Licence granted by a County Court for an Eighth Meeting house amongst a number of people that live 20 or 30 Miles distant from the nearest of the seven Meeting houses formerly Licensed by the General Court, and I fear will confine me entirely to one; which will be an intolerable hardship to the people, as they are so dispersed that they can not convene at one place. I should be glad, Sir, to have your sentiments on this point, and particularly that you would inform me whether a dissenting Minister is tollerated with you to have more Meeting houses than one in case the bounds of his congregation require it. The President of the Counsel lately informed me that he had written to the Bishop of London to lay the affair before the King and Council for advice. I can't charge his Honor with designed partiality but I have the utmost reason to conclude his representation is defective. I hope therefore, Dear Sir, you 37r D[751. will use your interest in our behalf as far as your imperfect acquaintance with our affairs will permit. To qualify you to interceed for us I would further observe, that we claim no other liberties than those granted by the act of toleration and those only upon our compliance with all its, requirements that all our Ministers attest their Orthodoxy by subscribing the West-Minster Confession of Faith and Catechism at their Licensure & Ordination and such of the articles of the Church of England as that act imposes on us when we settle in this Colony; that we attest our Loyalty by taking the usual Oaths to His Majesty's person and Government, and by all other public and private methods that belong to our province; and that our very enemy don't pretend to impeach us of any practical inmmorality. This is a true Copy of that part of M'. )avies's Letter to me which relates to this subject. P. DODDRIDGE. The BISHOP of LONDON to Rev" D'. DODDRIDGE. LoNDON, the I 1'" of May 1751. RE.VD SIR, I am very much obliged to you for the open and candid manner in which you have communicated to me the case of M'. Davies, and an extract of his Letter upon the subject. I wish all cases of this sort could be as fairly stated, it would exclude frivolous complaints; and bring the rest to be understood, which oftentimes they are not. The best return I can make is to send you extracts verbatim from the account I received from Virginia; and from the answer I returned. You have them inclosed. The question upon M', Davies's case,:as far as it appears as yet, relate to the meaning and construction'of the Act, comninly called the Toleration act. What I conceive the meaning to be appears'in the extract from my answer. If you consider the act, and the circtumstance under which it was granted, you will not, I believe, see reason to thiuik me mistaken. If you judge the liberty granted not sufficient and that you, and every body has a natural right to pro 1751-. 372 pagate their opinions in religion in such manner as they approve themselves, that is quite another point, and to which Mt. Davies who claims under the act of Toleration has no concern. If you suppose the Church of England to be (which I am persuaded you do not), in the same state of corruption as the Romish Church was at the time of the Reformation, there wants indeed no Licence or authority from the Government, to justify the methods of conversion which NP. Davies is pursuing; and which the Methodists now do, and long have pursued. But if the act of Toleration, was desired with no other view, than to ease the consciences of them who could not conform,-if it was granted with no other view, how is Mr. Davies's conduct to be justified, who under the colour of a Toleration to his own conscience is labouring to disturb the consciences of others, and the peace of a Church acknowledged to be a true Church of Christ? He came 300 Miles from home, not to serve people who had scruples, lut to a Country where the Church of England had been Established froin its first plantation, and where there were not above 4 or 5 dissenters within an ioo Miles, if not above six years a,-o. INI. Davies says in his letter to.you, 1 We claim no other liberties than those granted by the act of Toleration," so that the state of the question is admitted on both sides to be this: how far the act of Toleration will justify Ni'. I)avies in taking upon himself to be an itinerant preacher and travelling over many Counties to make Converts, in a Country- too where till very lately there was not a Dissenter from the Church of Eingland, You will observe in the Extract of my letter that I promised to take the opinion of Lawyers upon the Case: But I have not done it, which I tell you that you may not think I have an opinion, and conceal it from you. Mr. Davies says, sundry of the people have been indicted and fin'd, and it is upon this information (I suppose), that you express )ourself apprehensive, that methods of severity, not to say of oppression, may be used. Of this I have heard nothing. But give me leave to set you ri' lit in one thing, and to tell you that my name neither is or can be used to any such purpose. The Bishop of London and his Commissarys have no such power in the plantations; and I believe they never desired to have it, so that if there be any ground for such complaint, the civil Government only is concerned. There is another part of AM. Davies's Letter which gives me great concern. I mean the character he gives of the Clergy and Laity in Virginia. I dare say, you have so much candour as to deduct something from this general 373 [175. i Character, knowing how hard it is not to suspect and charge corruptiiohiof principles upon those who differ in principles from us, I had no such accotnt of the Clergy of Virginia, as will justify this Character tho' there, ma |b some reason in some cases for very just complaints, and how can' it be other, wise, considering the State of the Church of England abroad? The care of it as an Episcopal Church is supposed to be in the Bishop of London. Hbw he comes to be charged with this care I will not enquire now, but sure I am, that the care is improperly lodged, for a Bishop to live at one end of the world, and his Church at the other, must make the office very uncomfortable to the Bishop,-and in a great measure useless to the people. With respect to ordinations it has a very ill effect. The people of the Country are discouraged from bringing up their Children for the Ministry, because of the hazard and expence of sending them to England to take orders where, they often get the small pox, a distemper fatal to the Natives of those Countrys. Of those who are sent from hence, a great part are of the Scotch and Irish, wlio can get no employment at home and enter into the service more out of necessity than choice. Some others are wvilling to go abroad to retrieve either lost fortunes or lost Characters. For these reasons and others of no less weight, I did apply to the King as soon as I was Bishop of London, to have two or three Bishops appointed for the plantations to reside there. I thought there could be no reasonable objection to it, not even from the Dissenters as the Bishops proposed were to have no jurisdiction but over the Clergy of their own Church, and no more over them than should enable them to see the pastoral Office duly performed, and as to New England, where the Dissenters are so numerous, it never was proposed to settle a Bishop in that Country. You are probably no Stranger to the manner in which the news of this proposal was received in New England; if you are, 1 will only say that they used all their influence to obstruct the Settling of Bishops in the Episcopal Church of England. Was this consistent even with a spirit of Toleration? Would they think themselves tolerated if they were debarred the right of appointing Ministers among themselves, and were obliged to send all their candidates to Geneva or Scotland for orders? At the same time that they gave this oppoSsition, they set up a Mission of their own for Virginia, a Country entirely Episcopal, by authority of their Synod and ini their own Country where they have the power, they have prosecuted and imprisoned several members of the SChurch for not paying towards supporting the dissenting Teachers tho' no 1751.] 374 such charge by any colour of Law be imposed on them. This had been the case in New England. I am sorry to add that some here, for whose Characacters and abilities I have due esteem have not upon this occasion given signs of the temper and moderation that were expected from them. I do not willingly enter into these complaints even to you, who I am confident will make no ill use of them. I wish there was no occasion for them; in this wish I am sure of your concurrence from the love you bear to our common Christianity. I am, &c., T. L. D'. DODDRIDGE to the BISHOP of LONDON. NORT'rnAMI ON, May 4th, 1751. MY LORD, I should blame myself exceedingly if I were to neglect the first opportunity of acknowledging the favor of that very obliging as well as early notice you have been pleased to take of my letter relating to M'. Davies, and of that very candid and particular account of the affair which your Lordship hath condescended to give me. My sending you the Copy of his letter in some circumstances which attended it, was a proof of my confidence in your Lordship's goodness, and I hope I shall never forget how much I am indebted to your Lordship for this new instance of it, which I shall endeavour to improve in the most prudent and grateful manner I can. I intirely join issue with your Lordship in thinking that the question relating to M'. Davies is " what he has to expect on the footing of what is commonly called the Act of Toleration." I know not my Lord how far there may be something peculiar in his situation as an Inhabitant of Virginia, but I have had many opportunities of knowing the practice among us, which seems so far as I can judge very agreeable to the tenour of that act. If any private persons desire to have a place licensed for religious worship after our manner, any three of them, of whom the occupant of the place should be one, signify it to the Justices at the Quarter Sessions, and the Clerk of the peace has of course 375 [175r. their orders to give under the Seal of his Office to the persons so certifying (whose Certificate is recorded in Court), an Attestation of having done it; but this Instrument which we call the License of the place, makes no mention at all.of any Minister in favor.of whom it is granted. On the other hand, my Lord, our preachers are licensed on their having qualified themselves according to Law, without the least mention of their being designed for any one place more than another. If a Licenced preacher preach in an unlicensed place, or an unlicensed preacher in a place that is licensed a penalty is incurred, but where these two circumstances concur, we think ourselves quite secure, and there are few villages round about Northampton in which we have not some places thus licensed. But so far as I can judge by the face of these Licenses which your Lordship has done me the honour of transmitting to me, the form of them is very different from ours. I at present think it the felicity of my Brethren in those parts of America to live in a province under the Jurisdiction of so equitable, candid and excellent a person as their present Diocesan, and if their connection with the See of London must hold, may they long know that happiness. But I freely acknowledge, my Lord, that I think it a considerable hardship on those in the Communion of the Church of England there to be obliged to send hither for ordination. That very worthy person, the Archbishop of Canterbury, made a large remonstrance to me on that head, when I had last the honor of paying him a visit, and I have retained it deeply in my mind. I do indeed find a great aversion in the Dissenting inhabitants of our American Colonies to admit the scheme formed for the remedy of the inconveniences justly alleged, which I suppose may arise from the terrible notions they have formed of prelatical power (as they are used to call it), from the severities which their forefathers induced, which seems to have made the aversion to it hereditary.* Your Lordship knows mankind too well to be surprised at this, arid will make all candid allowances ever for an excess of caution in such a case. I am perhaps myself scrupulous to a fault in any thing in which religious liberty so much as seems to be concerned, yet I could by no means satisfy myself in opposing what appears to me so highly reasonable, as that the Church established here at home, in the principle part of the British Dominions should have a full capacity of doing all which they think expedient in religion, with respect to themselves at least, as freely as any other Society or denomination of Christians in those parts. 1751.] 376 As for the claims entered on the Inhabitants of New England in general, for payment of the Minister's stipends there, I cannot, my Lord, pretend to be any competent Judge of their validity, because I know not how far the Congregational discipline, which prevails there stands on the same foot of legal establishment with that of Diocesan Episcopacy in England, or of Presbytery in Scotland. But I have always pleaded for the reasonableness of submitting to a majority here, and of our being obliged tho' we are dissenters, to do our part towards maintaining that Clergy which the authority of our Country in General has thorght fit to establish, and indeed, so far as I can judge, it is admitted by all but the Quakers, whose opposition is now mere matter of form. I make all the abatements which reason seems ti dictate for the accounts which Christians and Minister of different Communions may give of each other, and for the causes which your Lordship's evidence and sagacity assigns for what, so far as it is indeed the Case, we both lament. As for the Church of England in general I esteem it a very respectable body and heartily pray that it may in every regard become more and more the glory of the Reformation. I number among the best of my friends some persons of eminence both in Ecclesiastical and Civil Stations, who are firmly attached to it. May it please God ever to honour the Establishment and every other denomination of Christians whether at home or abroad, with a learned and diligent, a candid and pious Clergy, who may successfully exert themselves in the service of our common Christianity with a fraternal tenderness for the reputation comfort and usefulness of each other, that whatever the separation the imperfection of our knowledge here may render unavoidable, their flocks may learn by their examuple to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of pcace. As for myself, my much honoured Lord, having now lived almost a Century, I consider myself; -f all my best hopes do not deceive me as quickly to join that general assembly and Church of the first born, where our views and hearts will be for ever one, and as that prospect approaches I really find every thing that would feed the spirit of a party, daily losing its influence over me. These sentiments I cultivate in my own heart and in the young people that I am endeavouring to form for the service of the Sanctuary. I would hope for a better age than we have ourselves. I thank your Lordship that by such humane and generous treatment you make this part of my duty still easier to 377 [I7S. me, and I beg you would (do me the Justice to believe that I am, with the truest veneration and most cordial gratitude, My Lord, Your Lordship's most dutiful, affect' & obliged humble Servl, P. DODDRIDGE. M'. DAIVSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIRGINIA, July 5'", 1751. MY LoR, M'. Menzies brought me your Lordship's most obliging favor of Dec' 25th, 1750. Soon after, one of an older date; namely, Sept' 20th, 1750, came to hand. That of the 3'" or 13'" of Sept', 1749, I never received. M'. Douglas, ordained about that time, informed me, that he had waited on your Lordship for your commands to Virginia, and your Lordship told him that you had a little before sent me a Letter by an elderly Clergyman, whom I take to be Dr'. Spencer, now in Maryland, and whlo, I suspect, has suppressed it, he having done me other ill offices, because I could not in conscience heartily recom. mend him for orders. Tho' I have but little skill in Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, yet I beg leave to observe, that the King's Commission seems to give the Commissary greater power than is allowed by the 1 22' Canon, which directs, that no sentence of deprivation shall be pronoulced against a Mlinister, but by the Bishop only. -1 ideVh mthid, pr,,cet/,udi, 1)1). 2 & 5. We live here in so dispersed a manner and at so great a distance from each other, that I humbly conceive a more short and summary way against irregular Clergymen, would better suit the circumstances of this Country, than the method prescribed. If the accused had the accusers face to face, and viva voce evidence was admitted, the matter would be sooner brought to a determination. I suppose that by the 41' Gco. 2, C. 26, all proceedings in Courts now must be in English, the Latin Commission in 1728 and the English one in 1743 is a proof of this. 48 1751.] 378 I have held but one Court, wherein many errors, probably were committed, through the inexperience of Judges, advocates and other officers. Having been at a great deal of trouble and expence in that affair, I humbly request the favor of a Table of fees; to which if your Lordship will be pleased to add a Catalogue only of such books, as are necessary to the due exercise of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, I shall own it as a very great obligation. In my predecessor's time complaints against Clergymen were commonly heard and determined in a few hours before the Governor and Council, as a Council of State, and not as Judges of the General Court, who by our Laws, have cognisance of all Causes Ecclesiastical and Civil. Permit me to remind your Lordship, that M'. Hooper gives an account of the Jurisdiction of the Lord Bishop of London in the foreign plantations, Weekly Miscellany, vol. I., No. I 1, p. 79. Our Laws have provided for the suppression of vice and immorality among the Laity. Clergymen Guilty of any offences therein mentioned are liable to further punishment. The King in his instructions, has given the Governor the Collating to leneices, granting Licences for Marriages, and probatu of wills. The Go\ernor and Commissary usually recommend Ministers to the Churchwardens and Vestrymen, to supply their vacant parishes; who for the most part receive, and sometimes refuse them. Ministers are sometimes admitted without recommendation, and they sometimes remove themselves from one parish to another without leave, which is not paying due respect to the King's and Bishop's commissions. Whether the Governor, or Vestries have the right of patronage, is a matter here undetermined and humbly submitted to your Lordship's Judgment. The Vestries buy Lands; build, repair, adorn Churches; purchase Glebes, erect houses thereon; maintain Ministers; and all at the charge of the parish. There is Dos, zEdijicatio, Fundus; There is an extraordinary Clause in our Laws, which I shall beg leave to transcribe, " And whereas it is doubted, how long the right of presentation of a Minister to a parish remains in the Vestries in this Colony: For settling that matter, Be it further Enacted, by the authority aforesaid. That the sole right of presentation shall be, and remain, in the several Ves-. tries, for and during the term of twelve months next after a vacancy shall happen in their respective parishes." Laws of Virginia, p. 338, Sec. 7. Who has the right, not how long, is the question? and the term of Six Calendar months, if I mistake not is the Law of England. 379 D[751. Our Laws direct the manner of granting probates of wills, for which the Governor has no fee; and Marriage Licences, for each of which the Governor's fee is 2os Current Money. Ministers fee for Marriage by Licence is 20S: by Banns 5s; for publishing Banns and Certificate thereof were required is 6d, and no more; for a funeral Sermon, 40s; and no more; annual Salary 16,000 pounds of Tobacco, worth about ZSo Sterling, communibus annis. An augmentation of our Livings has been recommended, as well in public discourses, as in private conversation; but with very little success: tho' their Countrymen, their neighbours and possibly their ownl posterity would reap the benefit of a more ample support and maintenance. Orders of Deacons and Priests, declaration of conformity, and Licences are entered gratis in a Book kept for that purpose. If I had a Copy of the King's instructions, I would send your Lordship an Extract of such as relate to the Church; but I suppose, they are to be met with in the proper offices at home. I shall desire your Lordship's acceptance of our revised Laws, which are now in the press, and will soon he published, and if your Lordship will be pleased to point out any defects, I will endeavour to get them amended. I ask pardon for replpesenting these matters in a confused manner, without order or method as they occurred to my thoughts; and am, My Lord, Your Lordship's Most dutiful obliged & faithful Serv%, W IDAWSON. M'. DAWJrSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. W" AND MARY COL, Virg', Aug. 16'h, 1751. My LORD, Our new president having lately communicated to the Council a Letter from the Lords of Trade, dated Whitehall, Sept' I, 1750, subscribed "Dunk Halifax, I. Pitt Dupplin," and directed to Col' Lee, late president of the Council, and Commander in Chief of Virginia; I thought it my duty to send your Lordship an extract of it relating to M'. Davies. 1751.] 380 "With regard to the affair of M'. Davies the Presbyterian, as Toleration and a free Exercise of Religion is so valuable a branch of true liberty, and so essential to the enriching and improving of a Trading Nation, it should ever be held sacred in IHis Majesty's Colonies; we must therefore earnestly recommend it to your care, that nothing he done which can in the least affect that great point; at the same time you will do well to admonish hi'. Davies to make a proper use of that indulgence which our Laws so wisely grant to those who differ from the Established Church, and to be cautious not to afford any just cause of complaint to the Clergy of the Church of England, or to the people in General. T'he inclosed petition was not presented to the assembly, several Members being of opinion that they were restrained 1)y the Toleration act from granting relief, and indeed, at that time I could not do any thing in the affair, having been very long confined by a dangerous illness. The law referred to, and intitled " Ministers to be Inducted," is as follows: "That for the preservation of purity and unity of Doctrine and Discipline in the Church, and the right administration of the Sacraments, no Minister be admitted to officiate in this Country but such as shall produce to the Governor a Testimonial, that he hath received his ordination from some Bishop in England; and shall then subscribe to be conformable to the orders and constitutions of the Church of England, and the Laws there established: Upon which, the Governor is hereby requested to induct the said Minister into any parish that shall make presentation of him, and if any other person, pretending himself a Minister, shall, contrary to this act, presume to teach or preach publicly or privately, the Governor and Council are hereby desired and impowered to suspend and silence the person so offending; and upon his obstinate persistance, to compel him to depart the Country, with the first convenience as it hath been formerly provided by the Seventy-seventh act made at James-City the second of March, 1642." Your Lordship will be pleased to observe that this act was made, during the troubles of England, by such, I suppose, as had beheld and felt the mischief of separation from the established Church. Tho' by our Laws, none shall be admitted to be of the Vestry, who do not subscribe to be conformable to the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England; yet many Dissenters are Vestrymen, wherein, I humbly request the favour of your Lorship's advice. 381 [1751. I am humbly of opinion, that it would be for the service of this Church, If I was impowered by your Lordship to require of every person who desires a recommendation for I loly Orders, that he bring to me a Certificate, under the hands of the Church wardens and Vestrymen of their living bheing actually vacant, and ready to receive him, at his return. This I conceive, would prevent the admission of somic improper persons into the Ministry. I need not here trouble your Lordship with the repetition of what I wrote the last Month. I am, my Lord, Your Lordship's Most dutiful obliged and faithful Servant, WmI DAWSON. ADDRESS to BURGESSES. To the Worshipful The Speaker & Gentlemen of the House of Burgesses. The humble Petition of some of the Clergy of this Dominion, SHEWETH: That there have been frequently held in the Counties of Hanover, Henrico, Goochland, & some others, for several years past, numerous Assemblies, especially of the common People, upon a pretended religious Account; convened sometimes by merely Lay Enthusiasts, who, in those meetings, read sundry fanatical Books & used long extempore prayers, and Discourses; sometimes by strolling pretended Ministers; and at present by one M'. Samuel Davies, who has fixed himself in Hanover; and in the Counties of Amelia and Albemarle, by a person who calls himself M'. Cennick well known in England, by his strict Intimacy with the Revd Mr. Whitefield. That tho' these Teachers, and their Adherents (except the above mentioned Cennick), assume the Denomination of Presbyterians, yet, we think, they have no just claim to that character; as the Ringleaders of the Party were, for their erroneous Doctrines, and Practises, excluded the Presbyterian 1751.1 382 Synod of Philadelphia, in May, 1741 (as appears by an Address of said Synod to our Governour), nor have they since that time, made any Recantation of their Errors, nor been readmitted as Members of that Synod which Synod, tho' of many years standing, never was reprehended for Errors in Doctrine, liscipline or Government, either by the established Kirk of Scotland, the Presbyterian Dissenters in England, or any other body of Presbyterians whatsoever; whence we beg lkave to conclude, that the distinguishing Tenets of these Teachers before mentioned, are of a dangerous consequence to Religion in general; and that the Authors and propagators thereof, are deservedly stigmatized with a name unknown, till of late in this part of the World. That your Petitioners further humbly conceive, that tho' these excluded Members of the Synod of Philadelphia were really Presbyterians, or of any of the other sects tolerated in England, yet there is no Law of this Colony by virtue whereof they can be entitled to a Licence to preach, fhr less to send forth their Emissaries, or to travel themselves over several Counties (to many places without invitation), to gain Proselytes to their way; " to inveigle ignorant and unwary People with their Sophistry," and under pretence of greater Degrees of Piety among them, than can be found among the Members of the Established Church, to seduce them from their lawful Teachers, and the Religion hitherto professed in this Dominion. Your petitioners therefore, confiding in the Wisdom & Piety of this Worshipful house, the Guardians of their religious as well as Civil Privileges, and being deeply sensible of the inestimable Value of the souls committed to their Charge, of the infectious and pernicious tendency, Nature, and Consequences of Heresy and Schism; and of the sacred and solemn obligations they are under, 'To be ready, with all faithful diligence, to banish and drive away all erroneous and strange Doctrines, contrary to God's Word; and to use their utmost care, that the flock of Christ may be fed with the sincere Milk of the word only,;" humbly pray that the good laws* formerly in that Case made and provided, may be strictly put in execution; particularly that entituled " Ministers to be inducted." And as we humbly think, this law still retains its primitive Force and Vigour, so we pray that it may, on the present occasion, eflectually exert the same; to the end, that all Novel notions, and perplexing uncertain Doctrines, and Speculations, which tend to the subversion of true Religion, designed by its adorable author, to direct the Faith and Practice of reasonable Creatures, may be suitably check'd and discouraged: and that this 383 [IS*.! Church, of which we are members, and which our Fore fathers justly esteemed a most invaluable Blessing, worthy, by all prudent and honorable means, tobe defended and supported, being by us, in the same manner, regarded, may remain "the Pillar and Ground of Truth," and Glory of this Colony, which hitherto hath been remarkably happy for uniformity of Religion. And your Petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray, &c. I). MssoM, * JOHN ROBERTSON, PAT. HENRY, Ron' BARRETT. JoIN BRUNSKILL, M'. DAI'SON to the BISHOP of LONDON. W" & MARY COL., VIRG", Feb' 1o, 1752. My LORD, M'. Davies, the presbyterian, lately surprized, me, by producing Extracts of a Letter from your Lordship to me, and of mine to your Lordship, and relating to himself. These he received from a friend in England to whom he has sent observations upon them; which I suppose, will be communicated to your Lordship; tho' I have not yet been favored with a sight of them. I have the pleasure to acquaint your Lordship, that our worthy Governor is fully determined to support, to the best of His power, your Lordship's Jurisdiction in this Colony. Time will not allow me to add more than that I am, Your Lordship's Most dutiful, obliged and faithful Serv', W" DAWSON. 1 752.] 384 M. DAWISON to the BISHOP of LONDON. My LORD, I am under a necessity of giving your Lordship further trouble in relation to M'. Davies's affair, and therefore take the liberty of transmitting copies of his letter to me, observations on it, and his petition to the Governor and Council. We lately permitted M'. Todd, a dissenting Minister, qualified according to Law, to officiate as an assistant to M'. Davies, in the Seven Meeting houses already licensed, judging it more convenient for the people to be under the care of two, than of one; but as well refused to license more Houses, as to lessen the number of those already licensed, humbly desiring, and waiting for, your Lordship's determination of this question, whether a dissenting Teacher ought to be confined to the Bounds of a parish? To put them under due restraint is the real intent of the Bill, which, being a matter of so great moment, we thought proper after the first reading, to submit also to your Lordship's Judgment. Should the clause in the lo'h Queen Anne be inserted, impowering a teacher to officiate in my Congregation altho' it be not in the County where he was qualified; I would desire a proviso might be added, That there be a sclcd 7achr f such CoG.rcigation; otherwise, as I apprehend, one teacher may and would ramble all over a Country, and the grievance complained of would not be redressed, Unless the Bill is made conformable to your acts of parliament, and our acts of assembly, it will not pass here, or, if it should, the l)issenters, I conceive, will do their utmost to obtain of His Majesty a repeal thereof, when these matters are upon the Carpet, and I make the following representation to the Governor and Council. The Dissenters were but an inconsiderable number before the late arrival of certain Tcachers fromt the Northern Colonies. This is acknowledgced by M1. D)avics himself in a Letter to lis lonor the Gov(erior, p. 2, and having no Meeting houses they quietly conformed to the Doctrine and discipline of our Church, constantly frequented the public worship of God, and the Christian Sacrifice But since Mh. Davies has been allowed to officiate in so many places (an allowance I humbly conceive, inconsistent with our duty to favour and protect the Church of England), there has been a great defection from our Religious Assemblies. The generality of his followers, I believe, were 385 [I75. born and bred in our Communion. A Dissenting Teacher has but one Meeting house at home; and an established Minister, generally, but one Church. Indeed, there are pluralities or clergymen who hold two Benefices with the Cure of Souls. But this practice in our Church is justly condemned. Pluralities, as a learned Author has unanswerably proved, are indefensible. Two Benefices with cure of Souls are Incompatible. Since all benefices with cure of Souls oblige to personal Residence, and one person cannot divide himqneif into two places, and moreover, the Benefice is for the office, which withodt personal Residence cannot be performed, a Teacher who hath 7, 8, or 1o Me0ting houses, the people hear but Seldom. A Minister constantly resid ng amongst them within parochial Bounds, they have the opportunity to hbdr often: He is always ready to instruct them. The people, who hear a Teacher but once in 7, 8, or 1o weeks are in greater danger of becoming Heathens, than they, who hear a Minister once a week, a forthnight or a Month. Besides, "personal Residence,' as Bishop Gibson has observed, is " necessary to the due discharge of all those pastoral offices which are of a more private nature, such are, a daily oversight and inspection, and by that means, a constant check and restraint upon evil practices of all kinds, and upon the Growth of corrupt customs and habits among the people: Such are also, a more intimate knowledge of their Spiritual Estate, occasional exhortations and reproofs, and, that which exhorts and reprooves most effectually of all, the daily light and influence of a good example. To which may be added: The being always at hand, to observe and compose differences, before they grow too strong; and to assist the Rich with counsel, the Sick with comfort, and the poor and distress'd with seasonable relief; and to perform among them all neighbourly and charitable offices of the like kinds, which are not only excellent in themselves, but are the means of endearing Ministers to their people, and of opening a passage into their hearts for Spiritual instructions of all Sorts." I lowever I am not against granting I )issentors a legal Indulgence. If it be 4isked, "what is a legal indulgence," I answer a Teacher's Settlement within the limits of a parish and a Licence to have as many Meeting houses, as the convenience of the people within the said limits may require. Whatever claim M'. Davies may have to a legal Indulgence, I am sure that he has no title to favour from the Government. For as I am informed by Letters from New York and London, the Dissenters complain of hardship, oppression, and persecution in this Colony, and threaten to transmit their 49 1752.] 386 Complaints to England; tho' we have licensed 7 houses, situated in 5 Counties, for one Teacher; a greater indulgence than either the King's instruction or the act of Toleration intended. But not satisfied with our licensing so many, they now most unreasonably apply for more. I think it is high time for the Government to interpose, to give their immodesty a check and to restrain their teachers within the bounds of a parish, lest their Insolence should grow to a dangerous height. In the meantime, till they can have Teachers settled within such bounds, let the people go to Church, whither they contentedly would have gone, if M'. Davies had never come among them. Let them enjoy the Benefit of the Toleration. But this is not extensive ctough for their purpose. They are now endeavoring to obtai n an exmlption from the payment of parochial Levies, tho' there is this express lpro\'iso in the act. "lP~tOVvi.: ALW.\vs, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to exempt any of the persons aforesaid from paying of tythes or other parochial duties, or any other duties to the Church or Minister, nor from any prosecution in any Ecclesiastical Court or elsewhere for the same." In some parishes of large extent there are three or four churches for the convenience of the people. I have sent your Lordship all the papers pro and con relating to M'. Davies who has in truth occasioned a great deal of uneasiness to the Government. The favour of your Lordship's opinion will establish the peace and quiet of the Colony, and be received with the utmost respect and gratitude. I am, &1., W" DAWSON. Mr. CAMM to the BISHOP of LONDON. YoRK, June 4th, 1752. MY LoRD, As the Reverend and Hon"I the Commissary is of opinion that I may do some service to an injured Man by writing to your Lordship what 1 know and believe of my old friend and acquaintance M'. Kay. I shall need to make no farther apology to one of your Lordship's distinguished humanity & benevolence for giving you this trouble. 387 [1752. I was intimate with M'. Kay to the best of my remembrance during the two last years (if not more), which I had the pleasure and honour to spend at Trinity Colledge in Cambridge. We lived in the same Colledge and near each other, and I always took M'. Kay to be a person assiduous in the persuit of his Studies, and of great regularity and exactness in submitting to the rules of the College, and in all the moral part of behaviour. After I left the University He removed to Emanuel College for what reason I know not, and when he came into this Colony he brought a particular letter of recommendation from D.). Richardson, the Master of Emanuel. When M'. Kay had brought an action of Trespass against some people who had taken forcible possession of his Glebe, the most considerable Person in his parish pleaded at the trial against him and performed himself the part of a Lawyer tho' not of that profession. Amid the (low of his elocution on this occasion I had the astonishment to hear him before the highest Court of Judicature in this Country accuse AM. Kay of ingratitude. He alleged that a Gentleman then lately deceased had nade M'. Kay many considerable presents for which M'. Kay had not made a suitable return to the Son and heir. The Lawyer on M'. Kay's side asked whether the presents spoken of had not been sued for by the Son since the death of the father and recovered as debts, upon which M'. Kay stood up and said "yes," and "I have the receipt for the payment now in my pocket to produce." To which neither the person, who made the objection, nor the heir spoken of, who was also present, thought fi: to make any reply. After this M'. Kay offered to venture the issue of his cause upon his character, but the Court interlposed saying it concerned not the matter before them. A judgment in conclusion was given in favor of 1P. Kay which I understand has lately been reversed in England, I hope upon an unfair representation of the Business. Since this turn it is reported here that a great man who has lately been in England near the place of M'. Kay's nativity says lie has heard bad things of him there, which will too often pass as an arguiment in conversation decisive against M'. Kay, and sufficient to prove that he deserves no compassion. At the same time this great Gentleman neither has nor will declare, that I can find, what bad things he has heard nor of whom he has heard them. Could they possibly be inquired into, I verily believe they would turn out to be no, better founded than the charge of ingratitude. But be this as it will, I need not observe to your Lordship, that such accusations as these ought to have no 1752.] 388 weight, let them be brought by whom they will, in any case, much less can they justly have any in a case of meumn and leum. As far as I know or have any grounds to go upon, Mr. Kay is a person not unworthy your Lordship's protection and if the cause go against him, it will be attended with such consequences as must, I think, be his ruin. Permit me to add, my Lord, that I think it by no means for the disservice of the Clergy here to have any causes relating to theni carried into England: but if the present case do not terminate in NJ. Kay's favour, it will be of very ill consequence to the Clergy in general. Since there will remain very few in this Coloby who may not hte driven ottt of their parishes opon the least di- tcolineived agtinst them, by the same method. I cannot lip looking Otn this unthalpy ttalir as a struggle to encrease th pmower ot Vestries, which almost ttnivetsavy e\ rcik their p ower with too bigI an htnld already. Illiterate, as it oust he cont'issed they generally are, they clatil a long time, twelve months I think, to try a person in, as they term it, and judge of his abilities whether he be sufticiently qualified for their parish or not. It is ordinary to have three or fitr Clergymen preaching in a \'acatt t parish by tttrns as so many Rivals Col the for (tof the Vestry whict tltey may sotmt times be tettmltted to court by not tde tmost decetnt methods, such as catvassittg votes, treating not excepted, like electioneering Candidates, and running down and depreciatittg the abilities attd reputation of each other, tringing hereby scandal upon the finction. If to this power of putting in a Minister which the Vestries exercise (how rightly I take not upon 11me to determine), they would add that of putting one ottt wihen they please to be otThnded with him; their ambition would be completed. But what my Lord, would be the condition of the Church of England in Virginia which is a Country forward enough to interpret general invectives against vice, into Satyrs against particular persons when the preacher would be in danger of losing his bread, every time he had the courage and resolution to preach against any vices taken into favour by the leading Men of his parish? If I have heetl too prolix, or in any thing acted contrary to that duty and veneration which I owe to one of your Lordship's digttity and character, I hope you will do me the favor to impute it to a good intention indiscreetly executed, and to want of Judgment rather than to wilful error for Iam &a., JOHN CAMM. 389 [1752. At. KAr to the BISHOP of LONDON. My LoRn, VIRGINIA, WILLIAMSURGI, June 14o', 1752. Necessity at this time obliges me, to trouble your Lordship with an abstract of what has happened to me since I came into Virginia. At my arrival I waited upon the Governor and Commissary with Letters of recomnmni'tdation from En'glaind, and theivy recomllmend ie to a parish in Richmond County in the Northern Neck, nMui1el I mncituei rg, by 1'tters to that Ve'try, wlio fully received and establishled lme tleir Miniiister, according to the I aws tImid 'u1stoll of' this Cojolly: w Ire Itii 1 iot blien long, wh11-1 I fund to mily sorrow, that I had onte wealthy, Great, powerfinl UmlotiI nadIl ILandon Carter, a leading Man in ioy Vestry, wivlom I could not reasonably please or oblige, very proud, haughty, imperious and lickle. I soon luerceived that hlie wanted to extort more mean, low, and humble obedivnce, 01m1 I thought conmsistent with th' uintitim' of a Clltry\imi t, all hlis hoots and insults I little noticed, tmtil he publiclv declared that I inceached mcaiiit liiu (which I did not). ctnrsel aui1 attemplted tO beat Ime, sa)ying my Serno11 was aimed at Iito,. btecause I preached against pride. I replied that I was glad he applied it, for it was against every one that was proud. After this lie was my implacable Eneimy and swore Revengie, that if hlie ever got a majority in Vestry against me, he would turn me out of the parisli and said he would do it, and not be accountablle to the King, Bishop, Government or any Court of Judicature, and vowed lie would clip the wings of the whlole clergy, in this Colony. Some titne after by continually lessening, depreciating and inventing lyes of me (at which hlie had an excellent talent), Hie drew over six of the Vestry to himn antd most of those his kindred relations, or such as were subject unto him. Many sinister and clandestine artifices, lie plotted and Iput in execution against me, and whlien hlie would not seemin to do it liiiseflK li!e acted by others prepared anid fitted for hIiis Mischief'; iany of' wliich I shall at this time pass Iby as too much for the limits of a Letter. An order of' Vestry was signied by seven Vestrytien to discharge me and lock up the doors and Nail up the pulpits, Readitng desks and windows of both Churches, which they did; and hlie himiinself with thile other Six Vestrytnen tile 1752.] 390 next Sabbath day's forbad me and the Congregation to enter the Church; but at one of my Churches, where were many of my friends they forced him and his six away, broke open the doors, pulpits and desks, and conducted me in. This Church, I had free liberty of, while I stayed in the parish. But at the other Church I preached out of doors in the yard two years and an half. These Seven Left out my Glebe, Rent free, to three Men poor and wicked enough not to stick at any thin:,. They beat, abused and drove my Cattle, Sheep and Lambs into Ithe woody wilderness; one Horse they killed, worth (20; another they shot his Eye clear out and wounded hin 45 other places. My Hogs, some they killed, some they lamed, and I was compelled to beg of imy Neighbours to take them off my hands at any rate otherwise I must have lost thin. The namnes of these Men are William I)ei, George Russell, an1d lthomas Russell,. I by advive of tithe ( overtor old Commis'ay, sued tIes- NIen in T'es'tpas and kep t poussessiot of te;lchl eII ouso ottly, as b y alvice fr aboit ts(two years and a haltl. hen Ni. Carter Summtn1otevl a juryP against m1t1, bmy virtue of which to dispo ussess tue of t e lhoutse, as has formuerly been a LIaw itere to dispossess him Nho retaints by force, il this I defi-ated him. 'When my Cause came in Course at our general Cou rt, after a Tryal of two days, the jury 1 my a Slpecial Verdict, foind for toe ~3o Sterling damages and costs. int upon a point of Law arising I, wletlier a Minister received by a majority in Vestry and not inducted by the Governor, have a right to Siue his Vestry for trespassing upon his Glebe, and Recover damages," it was left to thIe Colinrt to deterumitile and was judged iln toy ruvM1i'r. Upot this Colonel Carter petitioned ftor an appeal to Bogland, the damatge being only 30 Sterling. iBut by our Laws, it could not be granted himnt for less than i300o Sterling. But he loth to blie overset by a poor Man, has petitioned I lis Majesty and Judges and got a grant for an appeal, which if I am worsted will be of terrible consequence to your Clergy here; for every Minister received by a majority in Vestry and not inducted by the Governor will be liable to be turned out the to'" day of every October and I do believe there are not more than three inducted in the Colony; So that if I us Majesty does allow the right of presentation to Vestry's, few of them will ever present for they like to keep the Clergy always depending, as annual hirelings; and if reception by a Majority in Vestry be not sufficient to Establish the Clerk in his Church without inductions many of your poor Clergy here will soon be discharged for very little reason, and though m6,ooolbs of Tobacco be levied, .N /7 / I 'K A'! K2#7&V'E a. e~e at At~~ 391 [ 752. the Minister must not demand but beg for it, as for an Alms, for fear of offences; and receive it by piece meal scraps, so as it will do him little service. Besides it will not be worth any Man's while, who is poor, to sue a powerful, wealthy Man at any of our Courts; for if the Great Man be cast, only in ~30 Sterling damage and can appeal, Then the poor Man, must desist because to prosecute an appeal will be above his ability, and the things sued for will be abundantly less than his costs. My Lord, I must observe to you that after my last Trial at our General Court the Governor and Judges sitting asked me if I would have a peremptory Mandamus to restore me to my antient rights and privileges. Col' Carter attending at the Bar, and I not considering the consequences, immediately replied that fromn that time I renounced all right and title to the parish. Mr. Carter walked off, and said, he feared I should have accepted the Mandamus, and taken the parish again, lut as he does not, says he "I will make him sue fir his Salary's" which, my 1.ord, amnounlltted to Forty-two thotlsand lou(nds of Tol aecco which they levied and sold, and the money they have in their hands, This, 111y I.cl, I lhave sued for, and it has I)ieen depending thrcee yearis in our General Courts; and cannot he de(termined until Col' Carter's appelal, in behalf of the Trespassers, to Ilis Majesty, he determined, and if the appeal goes against me; I must immediately refund ~30 Stetrling damages upIon my (G;lebe Cause, and near Eight thousand pounds of 'Toblacco Costs, with L.awyer's fees, I recovered: lk-sides I mullst loose my)' 2 )yars Salary 42,000 pounlds of 'I'Tobacco for which I faithfillly served, besides I miust pay the whole costs of the appeal; which will amount to several hundred pounds. Your Commissary, I)'. Wm D)awson, has set forth a subscription to defray the charges of the appeal at home for me, which he will send over immediately. With this, My Lord, I send you a Copy of my adversary's petition to His Majesty and Council, wherein they have set forth some falsities where it is said, I was taken to officiate in the parish upon the death of l)avid Mortland My predecessor, which is 71 years since, and the Man was living and well the Seventh day of this Month in his parish. This Minister went hoIne for health and preferment with a L.etter recommendatory from his Vestry to the Bishop of L.ondon, your Lordship's predecessor, but failing, he b-tcame poor, and wrote his pretentions to several of the Vestry in my pmarish, wishing himself there again. Some of the Vestry wrote and invited him lack, and lie returned about a year and a half after I was established there. These seven . 1752.] 392 who were against me offered him the parish. He was very agreeable. They made an order to turn me out, and another to receive him, He acted as Minister. I wrote to him to desist, He replied he would act as pastor of the parish. M'. Commissary too wrote to him to desist; and most people cried out Shame of him. But I commencing this Law Suit against the Trespassers and resolved to stand it out, He feared I should worst the Vestry, So he removed to a Vacant parish. All this I can prove and many are of opinion, that if he had not come at that time and offered; that Vestry would not have discharged me. Again, They set forth, my Lord, that they have the right of presentation, "we wish His Majesty or the Bishop had it." They tell His Majesty, "That I was only received to officiate as Minister, that if I proved agreeable to the parish I might be presented to the said Church." But to prove my self fully received, I have sent you an authentic Copy, of the Vestry Record of my reception attested and sworn to at our General Court, upon my trial, by the Clerk of that Vestry. Again they set forth "That I was permitted to lodge in the;lebe I louse with a person who was then in the occupation of it, which is wrong for by an order, after my reception, Two thousands pounds of Tobacco was levied for me in lieu of the Glebe; but I took the Glebe, and let alone the 2000'"o of Tobacco, and went to live there by advice of the Church warden and others when no one had possession of it, but certainly if I had a right to the parish I had a right to the Glebe; all which I hope will be cleared up by the Copy of the Record of our proceedings under the Colony's Seal. I send your Lordship Several Letters, which I had from different persons at different times, which I hope may satisfy your Lordship as to my Character, Behaviour and some part of my sufferings, and as I have formerly been known by, and for great favours obliged to, D'. Hutton, Archbishop of York, I wish I could procure his interest or assistance. I have formerly been noticed by some of Trinity College in Cambridge as D'. Vernon, D'. Hooper and M'. Phillip Young which last was my Tutor: and after my removal from thence to Emmanuel College; By Doctor Wm Richardson, Master, and Mr. Henry Hubbard, my Tutor. In some of those papers, My Lord, my wife is mentioned, who suffered herself to be seduced by those Vestrymen, who were mine Enemies, and forsook me, cohabited with them, and left me a young child, twelve months old: whether she be alive or dead I know not; nor have I seen her these four years. She was the cause of my greatest calamity and not to be reclaimed. 393 [1752. Whether I have wrote to your Lordship things superfluous I cannot Judge, but as the consequence, if I am cast, will be fatal to your Clergy here already poor enough, I humbly pray that your Lordship would endeavour to prevent this impending calamity from falling upon your poor Clergy and your most obed' humble & faithful Serv', WILLIAM KAY. M'. DINIVIDDIE to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIRGINIA, 5th June, 1752. MY LORD, In compliance with my promise, when I had the Honour of waiting on you at Fulham, I trouble you with this to acquaint you of my safe arrival in my Government. In a short time after, I had a long Conversation with the Reverend M'. Dawson, your Lordship's Commissary here, in regard to the affairs of the Clergy & church of this dominion. I find him a worthy Divine and greatly merits his appointment as he is very zealous for the prosperity of the Church, and for conducting the affairs thereof in due order under your Lordship's Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, but is prevented in a great measure in putting those inclinations in proper execution from several reasons which you will please to observe hereafter. I beg leave to observe to your Lordship that few of the Clergy here are inducted to their livings, which often occasions quarrels and disturbances in the parishes, and some times the Clergy remove themselves from one parish to another without any regular form or application to the Governor or Commissary for leave so to do; and some times the parish takes upon them to dismiss the Clergyman without any process, but act only at their own pleasure. I have observed in my Services in the employ of the Crown in almost all the British Colonies, that the patronage and presentation to Livings were vested in the Crown; that the Governors accordingly presented, and Inducted such Clergy that came properly ordained and had the Lord of London's Letters of Licence to preach, &c. $o 1752.] 394 But lately among the revised Laws sent from this Colony in the years 1748 & 1749, there is a Law which has had his Majesty's approbation entitled "An Act for the support of the Clergy," &c. The VII. Sect. Sayeth "And whereas it is doubted how long the right of presentation of a Minister to a parish remains in the Vestries in this Colony; for settling this matter, Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid that the whole right of presentation, shall be and remain in the several Vestries for and during the term of twelve months next after a vacancy shall happen in their respective parishes." The subsequent Section of the above Act Repeals all former Laws in regard thereto and the next enforces it to take place the o10h of June, 1751. By this act the patronage and presentation to Livings in this Colony is actually taken from the Crown as also your Lordship's Jurisdiction, for the Law does not provide for the Clergyman's being duly ordained and producing your Lordship's letters of Licence, and is directly contrary to my) S"' & 84th instructions which I beg leave to insert here. S Q" Inst. You are not to prefer any Minister to any Ecclesiastical IBenefice in that our Colony without a Certificate from the Right Reverend Father in God, the Lord Bishop of London, of his being coniformiable to the doctrine and discipline of the' Church of England, and ofa good lifet and conversation; and if any person all';uly preferretd to a Blunelice shall appear to you to give Scandal itllher by his doctrine or lanners you are to use the best imeans for the removal of him. S411' Inst. And to the End that the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of the Lord Bishop of London may take place in that our Colony so far as conveniently may be, we do think fit that you do give all countenance and encouragement to thli exercise of the same, excepting only the collating to llenefices, granting Licences for marriages and probate of wills, which w'e have reserved to you our Governor and to the Commander in Chief of our said Colony for the time being. Your Lordship will please to consider my situation. I cannot comply with this act without the app)arent breach of my instructions nor can I keep up to my instructions without offence to a Law that has met with Ilis Majesty's approbation. For as the Law now stands the Vestries have the full power of presenting. To whom? not to the Governor for his approbation, but directly to the Iiving. For lately this Commissary joined mie in recoinnending a worthy Clergyman with your Lordship's Letter of Licence to two different 395 [1752. Vestries and was rejected by both of them and they constantly continue to appoint their own Ministers without any regard to me or the Commissary. Formerly before this Law took place the Governor and Commissary joined in recommending the Clergy to the Vestries, and they generally received the parson so presented. As I think the prerogative of the Crown and your Jurisdiction so much attacked, I could not shun writing so fully on this head and am determined to remain Tacit and inactive in the affairs of the Church till I am honored with your Letter and advice in regard thereto. The established Church always flourished in this Colony, and I have reason to think it always would, if kept up in due discipline and regular order, but the regulation by the aforesaid Law, curbs and restrains, nay, I may say, quite destroys the Governor's and Commissary's power, and I am much afraid, unless your Lordship's interferes, in having that act repealed and the prerogative of the Crown and your Lordship's Jurisdiction restored, It will end in great confusion and give great encouragement to defection and the Iissetiters which begin greatly to increase. As to myself I am not fond of power in these matters, for on my arrival I declared to your Commissary that I would constantly consult.him in eq'vry thing relating to Church affairs. It sulrprized me much that the Clergy here,weret not duly inducted to their Livings, agreeahle to the: other Colonies. There is here a recent misfortune attending this neglect. One MN. Kay, a Clergyman was received into a parish as their Minister and officiated some time. The parish and he disagreeing they shut the church doors against him and put a person in possession of his Glebe on which 1M'. Kay brought an action of trespass in the general court here and obtained a verdict in his favour. But the piarish by their agents at home, have obtained an appeal to the King and Council where the affair is to be argued. The majority of the Judges that sat on the Trial here have transmitted a representation of the whole affair to His Majesty. The Commissary assures me if the decree here be reversed it will effect the Clergy in general in this Colony, but as this was a transaction before my time, I refer you to 1I'. Dawson who writes fully on the head, and have ordered the agent to wait on you for your directions therein. There is another affair that has given me much trouble. My Lord, when I left this Colony about six years ago there were no Dissenting Meeting Houses, but a few Quakers. One MN. Davis a dissenting Teacher from Penn 1752.] 396 sylvania has been indulged with Licences for seven Meeting houses in five different counties at least in extent upwards of 200 Miles. He applied to me for a Licence for one more which I refused, and that brought on a long conference with him. I told him I thought it impossible for him to discharge the duties of a good pastor to so many different congregations dispersed at so great a distance one from the other. I took upon me to tell him what I conceived to be the duty of a Minister, and that in a particular and plain manner, and that as he did not discharge these duties, which I conceived he could not do without a close residence with his hearers, I must look on him as an Itinerant preacher more out of lucrative view than the salvation of the people. After a long silence he desired I would not look on him as an Itinerant preacher, which character he abhor'd, but agreed with me that in the Meeting houses already Licensed he could not discharge the essential duties of his Ministry and therefore desired me to admit one \'. Todd for his assistant. I told him I had a due regard for l)eople of tender consciences, and on M'. Todd's producing his ordination Certificate, &c., he was admitted to be his assistant after taking the oaths and compllying with the other requisites. lie (M!. D)avis), told mie he prlofss'd himself a Member of the Church of Scotland. I told hin that church allowed of no ipluralities, and therefore if he would confine himself to one Meeting house or to the limits of a County, he should meet with all the plrotection and indult,,ence the act of Toleration allows,.while he continied Iweaeablet and qlutit. I hIope your l.tordshlip will excuse the. length of this letter, which I could not possilbly albbtreviate, and doubt not on your rctlecting on the present State of Church afllirs in this dominion, yot will please to oblserve tlthe great ntecessity Iof your directions, and advice to the Comitttissary and mnyself whichl we shall be very glad of. That you may long live to be an ornament to Church and State is my sincere wish, and I remain with great veneration and esteem, Right Rev" Sir, Your Lordship's Most dutiful & obed' h'ble Serv', ROB"T DIINWIDDIE. 397 ['752. GO "Y DINVIDDIE to the Secretary of the Venerable Society. VIRGNIA, IO June, 1752. DEAR SIR, The friendly conversation I frequently had the pleasure of with you, when in England, occasions you this trouble to acquaint you of my safe arrival in my government. I find the state of the Church and Clergy in this dominion in a much different state than I expected. In my Predecessor's time an act passed in the year 1748 (which has had his Majesty's approbation), giving the whole right of presentation of the Clergy to the vacant Parishes to the vestries, for one year after such vacancy may happen, and none of the Clergy here are inducted; that on any diffvirences bLetween the incumlsent & the Parish, they have shut. the Church doors on the minister & given poss.ssion of his glhbhe to a layman, till theiy provided themselves with another p)astor; and sometimn.s the clergy remove themsclves from one Parish to another, without consulting with the Governor or the Commissary. These things are introductive of great irregularities and occasion great D)efmiction from the established Church. By the above law, the Patrona;ge, I'rese-ntation and l'rernative of the Crown and the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the J3ishop of London are quite destroy'd, I have wrote to the Bishop, the Secretary of State, and Board of trade, on this subject and wait for their dirc-ctions thereon, In all the British Colonies I have been in, the l'atronage and Presentation was always strenuously supported and continually put in practice, by the Gov'' presenting to the vacant Livings such clergy as had been proplerly ordained & had the Bishop of London's Licence to Preach, &c. I dtertrinite to be inactive in anything relating to church livings till I have new orders. I observe by a letter sent our Commissary Mr. Dawson, that the Society's stock is much reduced and that you have obtained a brief for a collection to carry on that valuable and well founded design. If I may be esteemed worthy to be a member, and if you'll receive my mite, please call on M'. Joln Hanbury, Merchant in Tower street, who on 1752.] 398 seeing this Letter will pay you 2 Guineas, and 3 Guineas per ann. during my life, & really I believe if your brief had extended to these Colonys, or the Commissary had directions to open a Subscription, many well inclined people will cheerfully encourage so laudable & so worthy a society. I hope you'll excuse the freedom I take in giving you the trouble of this. As I know your great regard for the established Church I thought the mentioning the state of us here may be of service in your representing it to those that may be a means of altering the foresaid Law. Pray tender my humble respects to your worthy Lady, and believe me to be with great truth & sincerity, Revd Sir your most Obt & obliged humble serv', ROBT DINWIDDIE, Gov'. To Dr. BEARCROFT. The BISHOP of LONDON to JOHN THORPE, Esr". FuI.IAM, the 25th Nov', 1752. I am extremely obliged to you for the favour of your Letter, and am very sensible of your great goodness to me and to the poor clergyman concerned, in undertaking this cause. On Thursday last I sent oni purpose to London to enquire at the Council when the appeal was to come on, with orders to the Messenger to enquire for you and to take your directions, I le was twice at the Trceasory but had not the good trttnel to met with )youll I intended (if I had not heard froim you), to have sent, him to-.day upon the same message. I send you what papers I have relating to the appeal, which appear to me to have anything material in them; among which you will find a Letter from the Governor, and one from the late Commissary, 1)'. I )awson, relating to this affair, and my answer to the Governor's Letter, of which you'll make use of what you shall judge to be material. The great point insisted on by the appellant is, that Kay for want of an induction was never legally possessed of the living, but if what the Judges say in their representation to the King be true, that Induction has been generally 399 [i752. omitted, I think the case will fall under the general maxim of Law, communis error facit legem, and if the judgment should be reversed, it will destroy the property of every Clergyman in the Colony of Virginia. Besides, in the present case the Vestry take advantage of their own neglect, for if they had presented the Clerk as they ought to have done to the Governor he would have had Induction of course, so that they are to blame tho' they act so unreasonably as to punish the Clerk for their neglect. If the several Vestrys are permitted to go on in this course the King, the Governor, and the Bishop will be utterly excluded in all Church matters, for if they can place or displace as they please, what will there be for anybody else to do. The order of the Council for admitting this appeal contrary to the settled Court was a very hard one, and should this precedent be followed it will stop the way to justice against all but the Rich and Wealthy. How this affects the Clergy especially, who generally are in very low circumstances, is easily perceived. Excuse me for making these observations to you, who, I am sensible, wants no assistance of that sort. I wish I was able to attend the Council myself, but indeed I am not, for tho' I am in pretty good health yet the long fit of the Gout, from which I have never been perfectly free since Christmas last has left me weak and unable to bear any fatigue. I am, Sir, Your very much obliged and very humble Serv'. GO ^ DINII IDDIE to the BISHOP of LONDON.,VWILIAMsiiURtU, Virginia, 1oth Dec', 1752. RIGHt;lT REV" SIw, I have the honor of your Lordship's Letter of the 21a" Sept., and the postscript you was afterwards pleased to add thereto. I desire to return you thanks for appointing the Rev" M'. Thomas Dawson your Conunissary in the room of his brother, on my recommendation. I amn convinced he will in all 1752.] 400 respects answer the honor you have bestowed upon him. At his own desire, I wrote M'. Leheup that he declined being of the Council. The reason he then gave me, was the troubles he foresaw he would be in about his Brother's Estate, and indeed I believe it was a decent modesty, of desiring to be excused for some few years. However I told him I thought it was absolutely necessary he should be one of that Body on many accounts, and as Mr. Leheup writes me, it was also your Lordship's opinion, and that he had orders from Lord Halifax, to take out his Mandamus. I am mighty well pleased to have him one of the Council. By my instructions from His Majesty, I have the power of collating the Clergy to their Benefices, but so it is that I think there are not three Clergy in this Dominion collated. What were their reasons I know not, unless they were afraid of delapidations. The method formerly was that the Governor and Commissary usually recommended Ministers to the Church Wardens and Vestry, of the vacant parishes, who sometimes received them and often refused them, and frequently received Ministers without any recommendation, who accordingly remained their pastors. At other times the Clergy have removed themselves from one parish to another without any leave, which is not paying a proper respect to the Governor or Commissary. By the Laws here every Clergyman must qualify himself before the Governor before he can officiate in this Country. This has formerly been omitted, instead thereof they have generally exhibited their orders of D)eacon and priest, declaration of conformity, and their Licence to the Governor and Commissary, and these are registered by the latter in a Hook kept for that purpose,.but the Law contradicts the King's instructions, for it gives the right of patronage to the Vestries, for it Enacts, that upon tihe Mlinister's being qualified, the Governor is requested to induct him into any parish that shall make presentation of him. Ilow long they had had that right, is not determined, but it was generally suppos.ed to be six months s s iln England, till by the act in one thousand seven hundred and forty eight entitled An Act for the Support of the Clergy, The sole right of presentation is given to the Vestry for twelve Months. Thus by the Laws of this Country the patronage of the Crown is utterly destroyed, and I am afraid any attempt to recover the right would be attended with bad consequences. The enlarging the time of the right of presentation to be in the Vestry, was entirely to have the clergy on probation or as they term it to try them, 4o01 [1753. wherefore what your Lordship mentions in your postscript would never go down in this country. I am humbly of opinion that for the future, if your Lordship shall think proper to direct your Commissary to join with the Governor in obliging every Minister that may come in duly qualified and with a proper Licence to qualify himself again before the Governor before he presumes to officiate in this Country, and on his being so qualified, the Governor to recommend him to any vacant parish for their reception and if they make choice of him, to present him to the Governor for induction, or at least some other Clergyman qualified as above, and on neglect or refusal that the Governor may appoint whom he pleases. As the Counsel are at great distance from this I cannot now, but shall consult with them as your Lordship recommends. I shall wait the determination of Mr. Kay's case, where on the Trial probably the Laws, powers of Vestries, &c., may be argued. On the whole your Lordship's directions to your Commissary will always have a due influence on me & shall be glad of the honor of your commands. I remain, &c., RO3T DINWVIDDIE. Govr DINIVIDDIE to the BISHOP of LONDON. \Vtv.r.rInlselnaUR;, Virginia, Jan. 29th, 1753. I have the I lonor of your letter of the 28th of May, & the. two cases relating to M', Kay. That Gentleman and the Clergy in general are greatly obliged to your L.ordship for your countenance anti interest in having this appeal so agrecably Cnded and I hope they will have a tltiful rememlbrance of your favours. Your Lordship's observation is perfectly just that the present method of filling vacancies in the churches in this dominion is not agreeable to your Lord. ship's Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction or the Governor's instructions, but as the lpopile have got an act of Assembly in the year 17/48 investing the Vestries with fill power for one year to supply their vacancies in the different parislhs; which having received the Royal Sanction, will operate against the Governor's '753. 402 instructions and there is no such thing as to prevail with the Legislature here to make another Act to abridge the power given the Vestries unless by the Royal commands to have a new act to restore the prerogative of the Crown and your Lordship's Jurisdiction, and even then many obstructions would be thrown in the way. I have had an unhappy difference with our House of Burgesses in regard to a small fee taken on sealing and signing patents of Land; this fee was established by the Council here, and approved by the Board of trade and was regularly paid till lately a turbulent spirit entered into some of the people, supported and encouraged by the Revd M'. Stith, the president of the College here, who by his insinuations, and turbulent temper raised so great a heat and animosity in the House of Burgesses, that they have addressed His.Majesty by way of Complaint against me; but as the Council have address'd His Majesty in my favour, I dare say their complaints will subside as they are founded on falsehood. It gives me concern that I should trouble your Lordship in regard to this affair, but as M'. Stith is actually the fomentor of this complaint, and having endeavoured to sow sedition in the country, I dare say a Letter from your Lordship to him that he may be peaceable and quiet and teach the doctrine of Love, Amity, and other social virtues, will be of service to himself and make me more easy in my Government. Hiis acrimony against me was because! did not recommend him to your Lordship to be your Commissary, which he knows he had no right to expect. I hope you will be so good as to excuse the lilbrty I take in troubling you on this aflair, but as I gladly would live in friendship with all Mankind, it gives me concern to have that interrupted by a Gentleman of the Church. That your Lordshi1p may) live lolng to be an orn;ament to Church and State is the sincere wish of, Right Rev't Sir, Your lordship's most Obed' and Oblig'd h'ble Servl, ROIT I)INWIIDD)IE. 403 ['753. Mr. THORPE to the BISHOP of LONDON. May 16th, 1753. My LORD, I have the pleasure to inform your Lordship, that the Lords of the Committee last night determined the Revd M'. Kay's cause entirely in his favour. Their Lordships have agreed to Report as their opinion to His Majesty, That the Judgment below in M'. Kay's favour should be affirmed, and the petition of appeal of the Vestry be dismissed with four score pounds costs, which are the highest costs that were ever given by that Board on hearing an appeal. The Lords present were, Lord President, the Earl of Cholmondelcy, Lord Berkley of Stratton, Lord Chief'Justice Willes, M'. Doddington, and Sir George Lee. The Council for each party your Lordship knows by the printed cases I did myself the honour to send your Lordship, and M'. Paris having agreed to give his assistance in the same way as I did without expecting or receiving any satisfaction for his trouble, He and I attended as joint Solicitors for M'. Kay, and the Solicitor General and M'. Henley never spoke better or with more ability than they did on the present occasion. Being so fully engaged in preparing for to-morrow when I)'. Cameron is to be brought from the Tower to be arraigned, and have execution awarded against him, I hope your Lordship will excusc my enlarging any further than to add, that I am with the greatest duty and respect, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obliged, most obed' and ever faithful humble Serv', JNO. THORPE. BISHOP of LONDON to Messrs. 7'THORPEI HE NLEY. I'FULHAM, May 18, 1753. Smas, Yesterday I recd the favor of your letter with an ace' of the determination of the Council in favor of poor M'. Kay. I am so sensible how much I, M'. Kay, & indeed all the Clergy of Virginia, are indebted to you for the Success 1753-1 404 in this cause, & consequently for the prospect they have of a quiet enjoyment of their livings & maintenance for the future that I find it hard to express myself to my own satisfaction, in the acknowledgment that I ought to make to you. The generosity you have shewn yourself & the very generous assistance had from others (which must be placed to your acc't), but above all the great ability shewn in placing the cause in so true & just a light & conducting it thro' all the steps of it, to so happy a conclusion, have laid me under very great.obligations to you, & for which I return you my hearty & sincere thanks. I write this post to the solicitor & M'. Henley to thank them for their favor & I desire you will make my acknowledgments to M'. Paris. Tho' you have had so much generosity as to give your own assistance without any recompence, yet as I know there must be some charge for fees & printing the case & the like, &c., I desire you will let me know what it will amount to. I am, Sir, your very obliged & humble Serv'. M'. S(oLICIrro(, hW. Thorpe has given me an ace' of the success of M'. Kay's cause before the committee of the council & how much indebted we are to your kind gen-.erous assistance: I might add all the Clergy of Virginia, who would have been in a very precarious condition for their maintenance if the appeal had pr:evailed, but the consequences of this cause are so much the better understood by you than by me, that I should not have mentioned them to you but only to shew how sensible I am of the obligations we are under to you. Permit me, sir, to return you my sincerest thanks & to assure you that I am, Sir, your much oblliged & most humlble serv't. T'lhe kind & generous assistance you gave to M'. Kays, in his cause. before the Committee of the Council, I esteem as an obligatio on l my self & beg leave to take this way of making my acknowled,,llgment to you, being not able to do it in 'personl. The Success of this cause will, I hope, secure the Clergy of Virginia from the like hard usage for the future. I am, with great than ks, your most obedI humble Serv. 405 [1753. AM. DAYFSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILL" & MARY COLLEGE, July 23, 1753. Mr LORD, My obligations to your Lordship for appointing me Commissary of this Colony & also for obtaining me a place at the Council Board exceed all acknowledgments. When I consider the vast weight of these offices & my own weakness, I am afraid, lest I should not be able to support them; but humbly relying upon the divine goodness & your Lordship's for assistance, I shall exert my sincere & constant endeavours & hope that some failings will be pardoned out of regard to the uprightness of my heart, M'. Leheup has rightly informed your Lordship, that I am entitled to Zioo a year as Commissary & to 1i20 as one of the Council. But then, my Lord, give me leave to observe, that the Bishop of London's letter of appointment or commission was always accompanied by a warrant from the Lord's Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury directed to the receiver general of Virginia, ordering him to pay Zioo a year out of the quit rents to the Commissary. But I have recd no warrant as yet, tho' both his honor the Gov', & M'. llair writ to M'. Leheup to apply for it, as he formerly did when my Brother was appointed, & to forward it together with your Lordship's letter, but he has entirely neglected it. I have writ to MA. Hanbury desiring him to wait upon your Lordship & to transact this affair for me & I would not have troubled your Lordship with this relation, but to confirm M'. Leheup's information which you are pleased to write would give your Lordship great satistaction. Suffer me further to observe that in case thire was in occasion of exercisin, alny ecclesiastical jurisdiction in this C, ol)oy, a coummission from your Lordshilp would be thought necessary & imuich more regarded than a lett(er of ajppointment. One Christoln, a Schotchman, lately applied to me for recommendations to your Lordship for holy orders & brought a title from the Parish of Antrim in the County of I lalifitx & testimonials from several persons; but I received such an account of his vicious life & conversation, of his scandalous behaviour of as a clerk of a Church & Schoolmaster, of his contempt & abuse of our most excellent liturgy, &c., from persons of undoubted credit, that I positively refused him. M'. Andrew, another of the same Country, I lately 1753.] 406 gave a letter to, as he brought testimonials of his good life & conversatton from several persons of distinction & a title from the Revd M'. Robertson of S' John's" Parish, in the County of King Will- who has engaged on ace' of his ill state of health to employ M'. Andrew as his Curate & to allow him ~3o a year. He waits upon your Lordship by the way of Scotland. But it is not to be dissembled, my Lord, that most of these Northern Gentlemen, are bred Presbyterians & I fear have seldom so great a regard for the Church's Interest as they ought. And as we have now l)issenters among us there is the greater occasion of a regular & able ministry, but I presume, when these gentlemen bring me a title, & come properly recommended, I cannot refuse them my letter. I beg your Lordship's directions in this matter. NI'. Foulis is settled in Antrim l'arish above mentioned. N'. l~runskill officiates in lamilthon Parish, Prince \Villiam,-N1'. Agnew's title. N'. Smith, I believe, will succeed M'. Northland (who resigns on acc' of his ill state of health), in S' Stephen's,. Northumberland.. I'. Peter Davis & NI'. Navison, are still unprovided for & no vacancies. The Clergy of Virginia are much indebted to your Lordship; for your zeal in I'. Kay's appeal, & I should be \cery glad to have a good acc't of the event of it, as it concerns this Church very much, When I know the charge of the suit, I will remit it, in a bill of Exchange. I shall say little at present of the exhorbitant power the Vestries claim under our acts of assembly particularly that of 1748, entitled an act for the Support of the Clergy; because, I presume, these laws will be considered, & the sense of them decided, upon NI'. Kay's appeal. In the mean time I will endeavour to prevent any indecent competition, between Clergymen, for as a title is required by the 33" Canon, I am determined, with your Lordship's approbation, not to recommend any pcrson from hence, for holy orders but such as bring me a certilicate undcr the hands of the churchwardens & vestrymen that their parish is actually vacant & that they will be ready to receive the Person reconmmnilmh'd at his retuirn. 'IThis 1 conceive would not only prevent contention, but the admission of somei very improper persons into the ministry for as the law now stands, should there happen a vacancy & many Clerg)ymen at the same time, unprov'ided for, they would all oftr themulv e s as candidates & there would be as much contention & confusion at tlht election of a minister, as there comnuonly is at theI choice of a representative of a (County. An instance of this we had about 2 years ago. I w\ish soneithing could be done for us at htmn', fobr little can. bhe exlncted hetre, for thto' the Gov' & Council 407 [1753. are well disposed, the lower house of assembly (all or most of them Vestrymen), will never part with a power established by law & confirmed by the Royal assent. I should not have troubled your Lordship at this time with any thing relating to M'. Davies (as my brother has writ fully upon that subject), had he not last June, notwithstanding the 7 meeting houses situated in 5 different Counties already licensed for himself & his assistant M'. Todd, applied to have a meeting house in St Peter's Parish, the place formerly licensed by the justices of New Kent, but their order Superceded by the general court. However the Gov'. and council positavely refused him. h'. Davies produced Sir I). Ryder's opinion (a copy of which I here transmit to your Lordship), in which I humbly conceive, one extract from the toleration act is considered, --a-without any regard to the other parts of it: For if Dissenting ministers had such a liberty allowed them by that Act, how came they to apply for & obtain a clause in the io'h of Qu. Annc, to permit any dissenting teacher to preach occasionally in any other County but that where he was licensed. M'. Davies, I am informed, intends to go to Engl5 this Summer but with what design I know not. I thought it proper to give your Lordship notice of it. I hope before our next session of assembly to have your Lordship's opinion of the Several matters transmitted to your Lordship relating to this gentleman & sincerely glad should I be to see that uniformity of religion restored, for which this Colony was once famous; & peace & quietness established among usi An act of assembly to restrain these teachers & another to give the right of presentation to livings to the governor according t tthe King's instructiofs, I, have much at heart. The one, I hope, may be obtained here, but as, o thU other all our dependance is from home, & however such acts might be relshed at first, I am sure in time the country would find the good effects of then. 'lhe Gov'. shews these teachers no countenance & your Lordship may be assured that I shall use my best, tho' weak, endeavours to restrain them, but I am afraid notwithstanding our utmost care, that these lvn-cs/ fmi will lead many especially the lowest & most ignorant sort to ruin & destruction. May it please God to deliver us from all false doctrine, I Iresy & Schism. That your Lordship may long enjoy the, high station which you so eminently adorn & succeed in all your goot designs for our Church is the Sincere & hearty Prayer of, my Lord, Your Lordship's most dutitiful, most obliged & faithful Servant 'ilt) ) DAWSON. I754.] 408 ANONYMOUS, to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIRGINIA, Feby 1, 1754. My LoR), As this Colony is a part of your Lordship's diocese; I doubt not but accounts of the State of religion therein will be acceptable to'you. About 14 or 15 years ago, many families of Protestant Dissenters, from the northern Gov"' settled on our Frontiers, who either brought their minis. ters along with them or sent for them soon after, & since the year 1748, 2 Presbyterian ministers have obtained a legal settlement in the lower parts of the Colony & have large congregations. I know little of those ministers on the frontiers, but these 2 last are men of considerable learning, strictly virtuous & of exemplary lives. I wish I could inform your Lordship, that all your Clergy are equally qualified, but the case is far otherwise, with respect to some, for in the year 1745, one Mungo Marshall, ordained by the then Bishop of Norwich, was sent over hither, who is one of the most ignorant men (not to say Clergymen), 1 ever conversed with & since your Lordship's translation to London, we have hal George Purdie & Robert McLaurin settled among us, the former lboth igltnorant & immoral to a Scandalous degrtee; the other retmarkable only for his ignorance & folly & I ami intornied that one John Andrew was recommended lately from Virginia, to your Lordship for holy orders. He is, I am told, regular enough in his morals, but nothing superior in knowledge to the meanest I have mentioned. We have indeed men of Piety & literature in the Chh here; but those I have named with some others, I might take notice of, are a reproach to religion in general as well as to the 4 order to which they belong. Your Lordship, I hope, will pardon me, if my zeal. for religion as profess'd in the Church of Engl'P (of which I am a nember), prompts me to add that it is easy to determine whether tilhe interest of the Church or that of the dissenters, is most likely to prevail here, where the former is promoted by some of the weakest & most worthless ment; and tile latter by men of sufficient learning adorned with piety & virtue, and as D)eism has made its progress hither, & has some strenuous adv'ocates; I heartily wish both tfr your Lordship's sake & that of Xtianity, that all your clergy here were able to encounter with success, those deadly elnemies of our holy religla n, 409 [I 754. Some of your Lordship's writings which I have seen, but especially your letter on occasion of the earthquake, which carries an air of Primitive piety & Pastoral concern for the souls of those under your care, have encouraged me to address your Lordship in this manner, tho' having no other knowledge of your Lordship, I do not think it prudent to put my name to this letter lest I should create enemies to myself & perhaps not ans' the end I propose by writing, viz: To have those men complained of and (upon enquiry into their Character) removed from the Church & to prevent such from getting into orders for the future, & I solemnly declare I have no other view therein but the advancement of religion in general & the flourishing state of the Church in this dominion. That your Lordship may long contintie a bssing and ornament to theCht:rch is the hearty prayer of, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obd' & most humble serv'. AP. DAJ1SON to the BISHOP of LONDON. WV' & MARtt Cou.I:(a;, March., 1754. Mv LoaR, Last July I writ your Lordship a long letter relating to Church affairs, candidates for holy orders, the e.xhorbitant Power of Vestries & the unreasonable application of the dissenting teachers for greater indulgences, but I have not as yet had the honor of an ans'. I therefore earnestly beg that your Lordship would be pleased to consider them and the papers transmitted by my brother as soon as possible & to favor me with your directions or if any instructions have miscarried I humbly desire youre Lordship to repeat them. In the name of the Clergy of Virginia, permit me, my Lord, to return you my most hearty & sincere thanks for your truly pastoral care of our interests in general & for your late active & vigorous Zeal in favor of I'. Kay in Particular. We are duly sensible how muichl your influence, contributed to the support of that appeal, & with the utmost gratitude acknowledge, that the preservation of our rights and privileges was, next, under God, owing to your kind & parental affection & management. These m)y Lord are the sentiments 3' 1754.1 41o of all the Clergy I have conversed with; & whenever we have a convention, I am sure we shall unanimously address your Lordship upon that head as well as upon our great happiness & general satisfaction in having a Prelate of your Lordship's distinguished virtues & exalted abilities for our l)iocesan. The cause that has been some time dependling between Mr. Kay & his vestry for 2 years salary was determined last October Court, when the Jury brought in a verdict of /~200 Sterl. for M'. Kay. Stiffer me again to remind your Lordship, that if there was occasion to exercise any ecclesiastical jurisdiction or even to call a meeting of the Clergy in this Colony, a commission from your Lordship would be thought necessary. At the first convention it would be very proper to have my commission publicly read, by which means the Clergy in general would be acquainted with my power & authority & I could with a better Grace rebuke, exhort & reprove. In my brother's time there was only one Court held & then his authority was disputed till the King's commission to Bishop Gibson, & the Bishop's to my brother was read. Meetings of the Clerivy have been hitherto very rare in this Colony; 2 or 3 only I believe in M'. Blair's time, who was above 5,) years Commint, & one only on acct of tlhe rebellion in 1746-in my BIrother's time. But iany worthy men are of opinion with me that more frequent conventions, would tend much to the good of our Church, the reformation of the Clergy & the benefit of mankind, as by this means the Commissary would be better acquainted with the Clergy, would learn more of their conduct & behaviour; the faithfilt & good pastor would be encouraged to persevere in the diligent discharge of his duty & the negligent & remiss would be admonished & by the blessing of God brought to a true sense of their duty; and all in general, especially the more ignorant, would from charges & Sermons upon these occasions be made acquainteld with the dignity & the dluties of their SacTred office; funds also milght be raised for the relief of the poor widows & Children of Clergymen; Schools for the educating of poor Children, & negroes, might be recommended & encouraged; & that most excellent charity, the buying & distributing religious books & tracts might be promoted. But in these & the Particulars formerly transmitted to your Lordship; I humbly request your instructions & God grant that I may so act, as neither to prove unworthy of the trust committed to me, nor your Lordship repent of your appointment. Frequent Conventions will be attended with extraordinary trouble & Expelcnce to myself, but that I shall not regardl, pr)ovided thm'v Promote the good of the Church, the order & regularity of the Cle'rgy & the present & future benefit of mankind. 411 [1754. I have been for some years a subscriber to the Society, corresponding with the incorporated Society in Dublin & last year I writ to D'. Bearcroft & M'. Brougton, desiring their Societies also to accept of my Annual Subscription of a Guinea. Was my ability equal to my inclination, I would contribute more largely to these excellent designs; but there are many demands here, & the Gracious acceptance of the Widow's offering, encourages me also to cast my mite into the treasury: I am indeed a corresponding member of the Dublin Society but not of the other 2. Their distributing pious books & tracts is a most excellent charity. If ever they should honor this Country with any favours, I shall endeavour to make the most grateful return, by a proper distribution of them. That God may bless our Church with a long continuance of your Lordship & other good men in such eminent stations, is the fervent prayer of, my Lord, Your Lordship's, most dutiful, most obliged & faithful servant, THOs DAWSON. ---^-^----- A LIST of the Present Ministers of Virginia. Ocr 30, 1754. Names. Tho' Dawson, Corny, Jno. Brunskill, David Mossom, Peter Fountain, Alex' Finnie,. Henry Barlow, Hancock Dunbar,. Chichley Thacker,. William Fife, James Mayre, Parish. SBruton,. S' Margaret's,. S' Peter's,.. Westover,.. Martin's Brandon,. Hungar's,.. S' Stephen's, SBlissland,.. Hampton,...' George's, County.. York.. Caroline. SNew Kent. SCharles City.. Prince George.. Northampton.. King & Queen. SNew Kent..Elizabeth City. SSpotslyvania. 1754.] Names. William Stith, I)aniel Macdonald, John Fox, Patrick Henry, Will"' Mackay, Charles kose, Charles Green, Bartholomew Yates, Arthur Emerson, John Moncure, George Fraser, William Willie, John Thompson, Charles Smith, Rob' Barrett,. Robert Yates, David Currie, 412 Parish. County. SPres' of Wm & Mary Coll*. York. SBrunswick,.. King George. Ware, W.. Gloucester, SS' Paul's,,... Hanover.-- North Farnham,.. Richmond. SCople,. W.estmorland. STruro,.... Fairfax. SChrist Church,.. Middlesex. SAccomack,.. Accomack. SOverwharton,.. Stafford. SIale,... Chesterfield. SAlbermarle,... Sussex. St ' Mark's,.... Orange. SElizabeth River,. Norfolk. S' Martin's, t..Hanover. Petsworth,... Gloucester. SChrist Chh. & St Mary Whitechaple,. Lancaster. Nottoway,. Southampton. 'Thomas Burgess, Thomas Robinson, Master of the Granm' School,.. WV & Mary Coll James Maury,... Fredericksville,. John Camin, Professor of Divinity, W.& M. C., & York, Hampton,. James Scott,.... )ettigen, William Robinson,.. Stratton (major), William Kay,.. Cumberland, William Preston, Pr, of Mor. W. & NI. C, &,. James City, John Leland,... Wicocomoco,.Mungo Marshall,.. S'I Thomnas's, Alexander White,., I )avid's, Wiliam YVates,. * Abington,. Joh Reid. Newport,. Joln Gordon,...Frederick, S. York. S. Louisa. S York..Prince William..KI*ing & Queen, Lunenburgh. S James City.., Northumberland. SCulpepper. SKing William. SGloucester. SIsle of Wight.. Frederick. 413 Names. Parish. John Robertson,... S John's, Archibald Campbell,.. Washington, Joseph Simpson,... Lunenburgh, Richard Graham, P' of Math., W. & M. C., & Lecturer of WV"'burgh, William Proctor,.. Nottoway, William Stuart,.. S' Paul's,. Robert ID)ixon,... Linhaven,. William Webb,... Chuckatuck, Robert Innis,.... Drisdale,.. Thomas \Varrington,. Charles, John Smelt,.. S' Ann's, John Brunskill,... S Mary's, Musgrave Dawson,.. Raleigh, John Diixon,.. Kingston, 1ascow Cole, W. Warwick, John Andrews,. Cameron,. George Purdie, i. S' Andrews, William Davis, H..anover, Alexander Cruden,., Soutlh Farnham, William I)ouglas,.. S' James's Northam, Robert McLaurin,... Southam, Adam Menzies, e. Bromniield,. John Ramsey,.. S' Annes,. Miles Selhlen,... lenrico,. P'eter D)avis,,. Southwark, John Blrunskill,... lamilton,. 'l'homnas Smith,. ' Stephen's,. Janmes Fowlis,.. A Antrim, Jolin Navison,. Mehhrrin,. Jolin Agnew,... Suflolk,. Thomas Wilkinson,. Bristol,.. John Jones,. 4 Augusta,. John Rowan,.,.,.. James Pasteur, Lecturer at. NorlOlk, Jacob Townsend,.. - $ [1754. County. King William. Westmorland. Richmond. York. Amelia. Stafford. Princess Anne. Nansemond. Caroline. York, SEssex. SCaroline. Amelia., Gloucester.. Warwick. Fairfax. Brunswick, King George. Essex. SGoochland.Cumberland. Culpepper. Albermarle.lHenrico. Surrey. Prince William. Northumberld, I lalitax..Bruinswick. Nansemond. Prince George..Augutsta, Norlolk. 1754.1 414 A 7ournal of the Proceedings of the Convention held at the College of W" & Mary, Oct, 30, 1754. Present: The Revd Thomas Dawson, Commissary. David Mossom, John Robinson, Alex' Finnie, Archb Campbell, Chichley Thacker, Richd Graham, James Mayre, Will" Proctor, William Stith, WVill" Stuart, D)aniel Macdonald, Rob' Dixon, John Fox, Will" Webb, Will" Mackay, Robert Innis, George Fraser, Tho' Warrington, Will" Willie, John Smelt, John Thomson, Musgrave I)awson, Rob' Yates, John Dixon, Tho' Robinson, George Purdie, in(. Camnim, Vm Da)vis, Ja' Scott, Alex' Cruden, 1Vi" Robinson, W" Preston, John Reid, Mungo Marshall, Alex' White, Will" Douglas, Will Yates, Rob' Maclaurin, Jas Fowlis, Adam Menzies, Tho' Smith, John Brunskill, John Jones, John Navison, Ja' Pasteur, Tho' WVilkinson, John Rowan, Absent: John Brunskill, David Currie, Peter Fountain, Tho' Burgess, 415 L1754. Henry Barlow, Ja' Maurey, Hancock Iunbar, Wm Kay, Wm Fife, John Leland, Patrick Henry, John Gordon, Charles Rose, Joseph Simpson, Charles Green, John Brunskill, Bar" Yates, Roscow Cole, Arthur Emerson, John Andrews, John Moncure, John Ramsey, Charles Smith, Miles Selden, Robert Barret, Peter Davis, John Agnew. The following ministers sent their apologies to M'. Commissary, excusing themselves upon ace' of Sickness, or some other unavoidable accidents, viz: Wm Fife, David Currie, Roscow Cole, Cha" Green, Tho' Burgess, Jno. Andrews, Barw Yates, Jno. Agnew, Jn~. Ramsey, Jn~. Moncure, John Leland, Miles Selden, Cha* Smith, John Gordon, Peter Davis. The Clergy assembled at to o'clock in the morning in the College & from thence went in a body to Church, the Revd William Preston read prayers, the Revd Mr. Comr Dawson Preached on Acts, ch. 20, v. 28. After Church they returned to the College, where the Revd M'. ComnY appointed the Revd W. Preston Clerk to the Convention & then opened the same with the following charge: REV" BRETHR EN, I shall make no apology for calling you together, since the Clergy considered as a spiritual Society, ought often to meet in this public manner to consult on the most proper & effectual methods to advance the interests of religion & promote the safety & prosperity of the Chh as by law established. And indeed when the enemies of our faith, have both their secret & open 1754.] 416 assemblies to promote their measures of superstition & Separation it would be as injurious as melancholy to imagine that any of the Clergy of our Church, were backward to convene, or indifferent to consult about such things as may turn to the benefit & Preservation of our most excellent ecclesiastical Constitution. As for my part I shall always think it my duty, as well as happiness in these solemn Conventions, after prayer & Exhortation, to offer advice & receive instruction about the affairs & state of religion, especially about the present condition of your several Churches & Parishes-to have enquiry made into their defects & demands & to provide as much as in me lies for all the Convenient supplies of them. It would be needless to inform you in what condition the Church of Virginia at present is, attacked by the blind Zeal of Fanaticism on the one hand & the firious malice of popery on the other, while the licentiousness of those who are indifferent to any, or opposite to all kinds of religion makes the prospect still more gloomy & the attempts of our adversaries still more likely to succeed. However bad as the times are, let us not countenance the disorders of the profane by our despondency, they are not worse than they were at the first preaching of the Gospel, when the virtue & Courage of the Clergy prevailed over the united violence of men and Devils, & if we would live as exemplary, labour as faithfully & defend as Courageously our religion, as they did, we should not want the same success. In the mean time it behoves us to consider that consequences are in the hand of God, but that duty is in ours, that tho' our labor may be lost to our unhappy flock, it will not be lost to ourselves, that tho' we save not others, we shall save our own souls at the great day. It would but ill become the dignity of our sacred character, & the solemn subscriptions we have entered into, if we did not at this dangerous Juncture, make the most unanimous & hearty declaration of fidelity & duty to the best of Kings, by addressing his majesty in the most cordial manner, by giving him the strongest assurances of our not only being patterns ourselves but likewise according to our sphere, of inculcating into others the solid principles of religion & virtue-a sincere detestation of lopery & an utter aversion for the treacherous proceedings & unjust encroachmtents, which his barbarous and blood thirsty enemiies, have made upon his undoubted dominions. Our very worthy Gov' has desired me to assure you of his sincere regard & E'steem, that he will always be ready to promote the advancement of virtue & religion, & in order to that, the welfare of this body; & that he will cheer 417 ['754. fully concur in any measures conducing to the prosperity of the established Church. This certainly deserves our particular acknowledgments & I flatter myself will meet with a proper return. We should fail in point of gratitude could we be either forgetful or unwilling to address the Bishop our most worthy Diocesan when we are thus assembled in Convention. His incomparable writings & other important services (lone to religion, shew us how able he is to fill so great a sphere of action; & his most generous defence of us in a cause where under the pretence of punishing one, the rights of the whole body were struck at, shews both, his resolution & readiness to protect his Clergy. In the next place Rev' Brethren, give me leave to recommend to your most serious consideration the cause, the mournful cause of the widows & children of our deceased brethren. Consider, I beseech you, the Lamentation & bitter woe of a widow & a numerous offspring weeping over the remains of an indulgent husband & a tender parent,--destitute of that maintenance, which was acquired by the sweat of his studies or accrued to them by the rights of his profession. Pity, I conjure you, the remains of the unfortunate servants of the Lord; & secure God's blessing to your own families by your Christian benevolence to the families of the deceased. Another way of doing honor to God, credit to ourselves & advancing the interest of religion, is to procure schools to be erected in our several parishes, that the youth may have an early knowledge & love of Piety. Impressions made upon young minds, commonly strike the deepest, & last the longest. Schools therefore are of great importance, where the youth may have an oplportunity of being taught what is proper, of reading their libles, of learning their Prayers & Catechism, where, in short, they imay by due managemtent, be insensibly led to think, to talk & act as beuco'me Christians. Another method 1 would recommend of promoting the salvation of men and of teaching them to have a serious sense of religion is, by distributing, or causing to be distributed, such pious books & tracts as are best suited to the Capacities & circumstances of our Parishioners, there is great variety to lie had & the Prices are very low, so that by this way numbers may be truly bc'(fitttd in thle most acceptable manner, for a trilling" ex(pencc, I must own indeed with sincere grief and reluctance, that in this Colony the lire is not proportioned to the labor, that our trouble is great & our incomes small, yet let not this discourage us. The mite will be accepted where the heart is willing & our example may encourage others. By the 70i"' Canon, his majesty's 89"11 instruction to the Gov' & SJ 1754.) 418 by an express Law of this Country, we are required to keep an exact register of all persons born, christened & buried in our respective Parishes & to transmit twice every year a true Copy of the same to the Secretaries' office. I must earnestly press you therefore to be faithful in this, not to sutiffer the Law any longer to be neglected, but to put it in imminediate execution & as I must in a good measure, depIndI upon the testimonials'of the Clergy, for the virtue & good behaviour of those, who coinme to be recoinmmended home for holy orders, I entreat you not to be prevailed upon, 1by easiness & good nature, by importunity & friendship, to sign any letters testimonial, unless you secretely & in your heart approve of what you say therein. Let nothing induce you upon your own acc' as well as mine to make me believe of men, what you truly & sincerely do not believe of them. I have nothing more to communicate at present, unless giving you this fiurther assurance, that whatever may be proposed by any of my Revd Brethren, as conducing to the welfare & prosperity of the Church, shall be regarded by me with the utmost attention. For sure I am, that I shall be very glad to receive your information, & advice, do what 1 can to ans' your good intentions & heartily join in reforming whatever shall be found disorderly or deficient. Resolved, unaninowusly, that the thanks of this Convention be given to the Rev' M'. Comn 1 Dawson for his excellent Sermon & that he be desired to print the same. RA's/;led, Iunaninousli', that only one person slpeak at *a time & that lihe stand & address himself to the Com' & the rest keep their seats. R1sO/;,d, that what the majority concludes upon, shall be binding upon Cvery metuher. 'eso!/r,/dl unanimously, that an humble address he Ipresented to his Majesty & that A'. CooP ID)awson, Ar. Alossom, A. T'l'hacker, A'. Willie, AM. Stuart, A'. Mackay & A'. Dixon do prepare & bring in the Stame. Res'.oltd, unanijouscl, that an humble address be presenltedl to the Gov'. and that A'. Coinmy D)awson, M'. Thompson, AI'. Scott, AI'. Graham, A'. D)ouglas, AI'. White, AI'. Mlayre & M'. IDavis do Iprepare & bring in the same. Rcs//, unaim,,,ous/r, that an humbnle address c prrsenltedl to the llishop of London & thliat i'. Coan1 Iy)awson, NI'. C;mm, ANi'. \Warrington, A. '1lho'. Robinson, Al. Robertson, Ni'. Wilkinson & Ai'. Musgrave D)awson do prepare & bring in the same. Aeso/ved, unalimousl)', that a scheme for the relief of poor Clergymen's 419 [1754. widows & orphans be drawn up, & that Mr. Comy Dawson, M'. W* Robinson, M'. Camm, Mr. Davis, & M'. Warrington do prepare & bring in the same. Ordered, that the Convention adjourn till to-morrow at io o'clk. THOMAS DAWSON, Corn. Thursday, Oct" 31, 1754. The addresses prepared by the Committees above mentioned were presented by M'. Comr Dawson & after some few amendments, were unanimously agreed to, and ordered to be fairly transcribed and are as follows: TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. The humble Address of the Commissary and the Cleroy of Virginia. MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, We, your Majesty's most dutiful & Loyal Subjects, the Commissary & Clergy of your most Ancient Colony & Dominion of Virginia, in a general Convention now assembled, beg leave in the humblest manner to approach your Sacred throne, at this critical juncture when your territories in America are invaded by a foreign Power, & to tender you the strongest assurances of our strict & inviolable attachment to your Royal Person & Family, under the deepest sense of the great blessings, derived to us from your mild & wise administration. These open & daring attempts of the professed enemies of religious and Civil liberties have filled our hearts with the utmost horror & concern, & loudly call upon us to exert our endeavours to impress upon tlhe i minds of those committed to our charge, a lively sense of the dangers toi which they are exposed, from the unjustifiable Incroachments of lPd'lsh & Arbitrary Power & also to animate them )by all possible 'means 4 ti just defence of those invaluable rights & privileges which are contirnumd to them by the Protestant Succession in your Majesty's Royal & Illustrious house. We most gratefully acknowledge your Majesty's tender regard for our welfare in appointing a Governor so equal to & faithful in the discharge of the important trust reposed in him; as well as in transmitting so season 1754.1] 420 -able a supply of money & arms; Evident proofs that your paternal care is not confined to the British nation but extends its benign influence to us your distant subjects. May the Almighty King of kings enable you to defeat the designs of a restless enemy,-preserve you the watchful Guardian of our properties & long continue your auspicious reign over us. TO T) E I11tN11t) ROBlY 1)INWII))IE, IE;sQ", firs Majestty's Lieut. Gove &, Commander in Cir/e f e Colony &. Dominion. of Virginia. SIR, S We, his ajesty's most dutifiul & Loyal subjects, the Commissary & Clergy of Virginia, assembled in convention, beg leave to express our sense of his Majesty's care of this Colony, in appointing your Honor to preside in this Colony. If we are late in doing this by reason of our not being called together sooner, we have thereby acquired an opportunity of adding our thanks to your Honor,!or that confirmation which your laudible conduct, in quality of our Gov~ has given to notions we had preconceived of you, from what we had frelquently heard of your abilities, Resolution & Integrity in other stations. It is an uncommon plcasurc to be able olr|selves to observe in you, that tenderness 'for the commllon interest, & sensibility to its ) anuwir, which ever made you tile first to pl rceive;-tile readiest to obviate, & the lmost iindetitigtale to repel the calamities which threaten the public. It is a still higher Gratification, to see your sense of things too enlarged to take up with the pursuit of single & detached articles of public utility & in that mistake, the irregular advancement of some part for the good of the whole; to find you now eager to amend our staples; -now Zealous to plrevent the dreadful effects of Invasion;-now heartily disposed to encourage Piety & Virtue; seeking your duty where alone it is to be foiund, in the joint service of your p)eople, your King & your God, any one of which services can be no llmore than specially promlloted by him, wholse views are too narrow & ipartial to comprehcnd them all. \Vhen we consider how cold many are in religion; how tenacious of loux>. ury. & Vice; together with our condition of being exposed to the encroachments & ravages of an almbitious & cruel neighbour, we sink into melancholy 421 [1754. reflections, from which nothing can raise us, but the looking up to & beholding, at the head of affairs a person, whom we hope designed by Providence, for the glorious labor of so critical a juncture, for making us happy by driving hostilities from our borders, & ejecting from every other part, Selfishness, l)isaffection & Irreligion. May that extensive plan which your Honor acts upon meet with the success which it deserves;-may the People Long & Gratefully enjoy the blessing of your administration; may the King with pleasure remark, & with bounty reward your fidelity, & may the King, of Kings finally crown you with that distinguishedI felicity, which his I loly Spirit hath thought proper to figure to us, by saying to the emplhattically good Servant, who had made the most of his charge, " have thou authority over ten Cities." * To which address his Honour was pleased to return the following answer: M". ComMIssARY & GIENr.LEME.1.N OF T:II CLERGY OuF THIS DOMININ, I return you my Sincere thanks for your very kind & affectionate address. If Vanity is at any time Justifiable, You give me a large Field to indulge it; but as I am convinced from this address of your sincere regard for, & good opinion of my administration, it will have its proper eff:ct in engaging me, with double diligence to discharge my duty to the best of Kings & the service of our Country. 1 shall take it kind if you will from your Pulpits inculcate into the People, the great dangers we are exposed to, both as to our lives, liberties, Estates-& what should be mnost dear to us, our Keligion & eildeavour that in this time, of imminent danger they will with vigour &, r(esolution assist me, in defeating the desi.gns of our merciless enemaies. (:N.N i-iN, 10 am in D)uty botund to suppolrt the 1Established Churchl & I desire to assure you my inclinations are very sanguine on that head & to shew the respect & esteem I have for the Clergy, I shall always be reldy & willing to serve them.. I fuirther earnestly desire your Prayers, to the Throne of Grace for success to our army & the just cause we are engaged in to defieat the wicked machinations of the Elnemies to our Liberties & Church. 1754.] 422 TO THE RIGHT REV" FATHER IN GOD, THOMAS LORD BISHOP OF LONDON. The humble Address of the Commissary and Clergy if Virginia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR LORDSHIP, We his Majesty's most dutiful & Loyal Subjects the Clergy of Virginia in Convention should esteem ourselves justly chargeable with the highest ingratitude, did we neglect any occasion of expressing our deep sense of your Lordship's Services to the Church of Christ, your truly lEpiscopal care of your Clergy & particularly your generous regard for us who have the felicity to find ourselves a part, tho' it be one of the remotest parts, of your Diocese. To consider you, my Lord, as a writer, and by your judicious & Elegant Pen, one of the best supports of the Christian cause, which our Church affords, would open to us an ample field to expatiate in, did we judge it agreeable to your temper or the nature of this address to indulge an excursion on so delightful a topic. But we rather hope for your approbation in checking our desires on this subject & so far suppressing our admiration of other parts of your character, as not to let it detain us any longer, from what is more immediately our business, at this time, the making our acknowledgments for peculiar favours. We therefore most earnestly thank you for the ardency you used, to have our worthy Commissary made one of his Majesty's Council of Virginia, thereby giving the Clergy of this Colony, a representative in one branch of the legislature & likewise a person zealous to protect the Church & preserve to us as far as he can, our just 'its and privileges. With warm sentiments of gratitude we shall ever s:r your condescension, & zeal in the case of our distressed Brothe v \V'n Kay, thro' whose sides we were attacked & we take the libert) i.ire that your Lordship will make our thanks acceptable to those eloquent and humane gentlemen of the Law, the Honb'" W\r Murray, Esq', Rob' Henley & JnO. Thorpe, Esqe, who without fee or reward, generously & with pleasure we say it, most successfully pleaded the cause of the oppressed. May the Almighty Being grant that your Lordship may long fill that high sphere wherein you at present move, and consequently continue to the Clergy of your Iiocese, the blessing of so strenuous a defender of their just privileges; & to the Church of Christ in general so able an advocate. Resolved, that M'. Comn Dawson be desired to transmit the addresses to 423 [1754. the King & the Bishop to his Lordship & to desire him to lay the addreiss to the King before his Lordship in such a manner as he thinks proper. Resolved, that the Committee which prepared the address for his honor the Gov' wait upon him & desire to know when & where he will please to receive it. PResol,ed, that the said Committee prepare a petition for his honor the Governor concerning an order of Council, which excludes all clergymen froim being' in any commission of the peace; & that they ac(quaint his honor with this resolve & desire to know when & where he will receive it. M'. Commissary of the Committee for drawing up a Scheme for the relief of poor Clergymen's Widows & Orphans reportedl that they had come to several resolutions which were read & unanimously agreed to & are as follow. r". That every Clergyman whose widow or children can be benefitted by this Charity, shall at least annually subscribe a Pistole. 2"'. That the Clergy now assembled in convention, appoint 6 Trustees to collect & receive the s" Subscriptions. 3''. That a treasurer be appointed by the convention till April 4'h, 1756. 4'h. That afterwards he le annually chosen by the majority of the Subscribers present. 5'". That he give proper bond & security to the said meeting. 6'. That the s' Trustees pay all the money by them collected or received upon acct of this charity into the hands of the said treasurer as soon as they possibly can after such receipt or collection. 7'h. That the s" Treasurer keep a fair and accurate acct of all moneys by him rec" or expended, in a book prepared for that purpose. 8'". That the said accounts be carefully examined & passed by the subscribers at their next meeting. 9'h. That at the Expiration of his office, the said Treasurer pay all the money in his hands to the succeeding treasurer. Io'h. That the Subscribers every third Saturday in April, meet at the College, the first meeting to commence in April, 1755. I ih'. That a person be appointed to Preach a Sernson suitable to the occasion every third Sunday in the April court. 12'h. IThat the present Convention appoint the first Preacher, & afterwards that he be annually appointed by the majority of the Subscribers present. r3'I. That a committee be appointed to wait upon the Governor for his approbation. 1754.1 424 S14t. That the Said trustees & treasurer make a collection at the doors of the church after the Preaching of every such Sermon. 15'h, That at every meeting, the disposal & regulation of this charity shall be in the Power of the majority of the Subscribers present. 16'h. That the Explanation & Alteration of any of these articles, or the addition of New Ones, shall be in the Power of the majority of the Subscribers present. A','sokr/d, that the said resolutions be subscribed to by every member present, which was accordingly done. /Resolved, That M'. ComI Dawson, M'. William Robinson, M'. John Camm, M'. \V D)avis, M'. Tho' Warrington & NM. W" Preston, be appointed the first Trustees. Resolved, that M'. Thacker be appointed the first treasurer. Resolved, That NP. Comr Dawson, the Gov' having given his approbation, be appointed the first Preacher., Ordered, That the Convention be adjourned till to-morrow at 8 o'clock. THOs. DAWSON, Commissary. FRIDAY, Nov' I, 1754. M'. Com IDawson reported that the persons appointed had according to order prepared a Petition to his honor the Gov' & presented the same which was read & agreed to & is as follows. To the Honb'" Rob' Dinwiddie, Esq', his Majesty's Lieut. Gov' and Commander in chief of this Colony-the Petition of the Commissary & Clergy in Convention humbly sheweth. SIR, Whereas we are credibly informed that there is an order of Council on record that no clergyman of this Colony should be admitted into the Commission of the Peace & as we are humbly of opinion, this order reflects upon our body & has been so construed by many of the Laity & will really bear that construction, we therefore humbly hope that your honor will, in justice to our character be prevailed upon to use your interest with his Majesty's Council to have the said order reversed, that the Clergy may in this respect, be upon an equal footing with other his Majesty's subjects. M'. Conm Dawson reported that the Committee had according to order 425 1'754 - waited on the Gov' to know his pleasure when the Clergy should attend him, with their address & Petition; & that he was pleased to say he should be ready at io o'clock this morning to receive them at his own house; accordingly M'. Comr Dawson & the Clergy in a body waited upon him at the time appointed & presented their address to which he was pleased to return the Answer immediately following his address. M'. Comy Dawson likewise presented the petition, to which the Gov' was pleased to return the following Ans': That he would use his utmost endeavours with the Council to have that order reversed. M'. Commissary & the Clergy being returned to the College, came to the following resolution: Resolved, that a Committee be appointed to prepare and draw up a true state of the Present condition of the Church here in Virginia, and that it consist of the following persons or any 7 of them, viz: M'. Comr Dawson, M'. Stith, M'. Camm, M'. WO Robinson, M'. Tho' Robinson, M'. Willie, Mr. Graham, M'. Warrington, M'. White, M'. Cole, & M'. Preston. Resolved, unanimously that the thanks of this Convention be given to M'. Comy Dawson for his great zeal & courage in maintaining the Constitution of the Church of Engld & the undoubted privileges of the Clergy. Then Mr. Conm asked whether the members had any thing more to propose, & it being their request to be dissolved, he accordingly dissolved them with the following exhortation: I cannot omit testifying the great satisfaction I have in seeing so many of my worthy & Revd Brethren, convened on this occasion from distant parts of this Colony, to consult on the common concerns of religion & its established Pastors; & the Prosperity & Exaltation of that sound branch of the Church of God, intrusted to our care and cultivation; the chief motive I assure you of my calling you together at this time. I could indeed have wished that those members of our body who have absented themselves without any apparent cause, had either thought proper to attend in person, or to send such excuses as might have quitted them from any seeming disregard to their brethren in Convention assembled or to the important matters therein to be treated of. With particular pleasure have I noticed the order and harmony with which the present convention has been conducted. Such behaviour best becomes the ministers of the Gospel of Peace, & of that Church wherein the 54 1754.] 426 Apostle commands that all thing be done with decency, & I needs must ac count it a particular happiness, that in the first convention since my appointment, a considerable foundation has been laid for the support & comfort of the poor widows & children of our deceased brethren, an Establishment which must reflect a peculiar honor on the Clergy of Virginia; as it is the first attempt of the kind in these parts, & affords a laudible example for other American Colonies to copy after. The marks of Particular esteem you have been pleased to express for me, demand my most cordial acknowledgments which I sincerely request you to accept & as my utmost diligence shall ever be employed, in discharging the weighty trust of Commissary of this dominion, according to the best dictates of my knowledge & conscience. So must I request the Prayers of you my brethren for that assistance of the Divine Spirit which alone can make our labours in the Ministry effectual. I shall now detain you no longer than once more to recommend you, in the words of the Apostle, to take heed to yourselves & the flock over which the Holy Ghost has appointed you overseers. And may God of His infinite mercy grant that the whole course of our lives may be a faithful transcript & Pattern of the pure doctrines of Christianity to the edification of God's Church & the salvation of mankind. THOs DAWSON, Commissary. The Clergymen in Convention subscribed the several sums annexed to their names, viz: ~ s. /.. s. d. Tho Dawson, 5 0 0 Robt Dickson, j 6 David Mossom, ' i 6 Wul Webb, ' 6 Alex. Finnie, i 1 6 Rob' Innes, 10o o Chichley Thacker, i 1 6 Tho" Warrington, 1 6 o W", Stith, 2 3 6 Jn". Smelt, i 1 6 I)an' Mcl)onald, i 1 6 Musgrave D)awson, i I 6 Jn" Fox, 3 0 o Jn',. l)ix6n, 2 3 0 WX" Mackay, i 1 6 Roscow Cole, i 6 o George Fraser, W" Willie, Jno. Thompson, Rob' Yate, Tho' Robinson, Jno. Camm, Jae Scott, Willm Robinson, Wm Preston, Mungo Marshall, Jae Mayre, Alex. White, WM Yates, Jno. Reid, Jno. Robertson, Arch" Campbell, Richd Graham, Wm Proctor, Will- Stewart, L s. I I 2 3 2 3 I I I 6 3 0 I II 30 I 6 I 6 I 10 I 61 I I I Io I I I I I 10 I I I Io 427 d. 6 o0 6 6 o0 o0 3 o0 o0 o0 6 0 6 0 6 6 6 6 0 Geo. Purdie, Wm Davis, Alex. Cruden, Rob' McLaurin, Adam Menzies, W' Douglas, Jno. Brunskill, Jun', Ja" Fowlis, Tho' Smith, Jno. Navison, Tho' Wilkinson, Jin. Jones, Tho' Bacon, of Maryland, Willn' Fife, Clhia" Green, Myles Sclden, Charles Rose, Jno. Andrews, ['755. L s. d. 2 3 0 236 I I6 16 Ii6 230 Iz 6 1 6 o I I 6 I 6 I I 6 2 3 0 I 6 I I 6 I 6 6 I 6 I I 6 I I 6 I I 6 ý7 6 10 3 A An Account of the meeting of the Trustees & Subscribers, Ic., according to the Scheme agreed upon at the last Convention. W. & M. COLLEGE, April 26, I755. Present. The Revd M'. Commissary Dawson. Yrustees. The Revd r W Robinson, M. Jno. Camm,.Subscribers., (M'. WM Stith, The Revd M'. Tho' Robinson, M'. Rich" Graham, M'. Tho' Warrington, M'. Wm Preston. Mr. Musgrave D)awson, M'. Niles Selden, M'. John Andrews. 1755.] 428 Resolved, that the Excuse made for the absence of the Rev4 M'. Davis, a Trustee, is not sufficient. Resolved, that the Revd r. Musgrave Dawson be appointed a trustee in his room. Resolved, that this meeting be adjourned till Monday Morning at 7 o'clock. April 27. The Trustees, &c., went in a body to church. The Rev' M'. Stith read prayers. The Revd M'. ComY Dawson preached on 2 Kings, 4 c., I v. The Trustees collected at the Church l32, 7s. 6d. April 28. Present as on Saturday last. Reso:lvd, that the thanks of this Meeting be given to M'. Comy Dawson for his Excellent Sermon. Resolved, that the Money collected at the Church & by subscriptions paid in, be lodged in the Hands of M'. Cornm Dawson, till the ReVd M'. Thacker come to Town, when it is to be delivered to him upon his giving proper bond & Security. Resolverd, that M'. Thacker have the liberty to let the Money out at interest, he taking very good & sufficient security. Reso/ved, that the said Interest belong to the fund. Resolved, that M'. President Stith be appointed the next preacher. Resolved, that an advertisement be drawn up, in which the design of the Fund is to be explained, the thanks of this meeting given to the generous contributors, & those subscribers who did not then pay in their subscriptions desired to do so forthwith. Resolved, that the thanks of this meeting be given to the Revd Mr. Preston for his care & diligence in drawing up & transcribing their proceedings. THOs DAWSON, Commi'. 429 [1755 - A LIST o? a/ll the Counties, ParisAes, and present Ministers of Virginia, Yiune 1io, 1755. COUN'rlES. Accomack, Albermarle, Amelia, Augusta, Brunswick, Bedford, Caroline, Charles City, Chesterfield, Culpepper, Cumberland, I)inwiddie, Elizabeth City, Essex, Fairfax, Frederick, PARISHES, Accomack, S Anne's, Raleigh, Nottoway, Augusta, S' Andrew's, Meherrin, Russel, Drysdale, S' Mary's, S' Margaret's, WVestover, Dale, S' Thomas's, l3ronmtield, Southani, Bath, I-lampton, South Farnham, S' Anne's, Cameron, Trruro, Frederick, P'etsworth,' Abington, Ware, Kingston, S' Ja' Northam, Antrim, Hlampshire, S, Plaul's, S' Martin's, lienrico, James City, MINISTERS. Arthur Emersson. John Ramsay. John Brunskill, Jun'. John Jones.;George Purdie. Jolin Navison. Rob' Innes. Musgrave Dawson. Jwo. B3runskill, Sen'. P'eter Fontaine. Geo. Fraser. Mungo Marshall. Adam Menzies. Rob' Mac Laurin. Ija' Pasteur. \V'" Fife. Alex. Cruden. Jin. Smelt. Ji". Andrews. Cha' (;reen. John Gordon. Rob' Yates. Wi" Yates. John Fox. Jolin D)ixon. W11' Douglas. Ja" FIoulis. Patrick Henry. Robert larret. Miles Selden. Will"' Preston. Gloucester, Goochland, Halifax, Hampshire, Hanover, Henrico, James City, 1755.) COUNT1IES, Isle of Wight, King George, King & Queen, King William, Lancaster, Louisa, Lunenburgh, Middlesex, Nansemond, New Kent, Norfolk, Northampton, Northumberland, Orange, Princess Ann, Prince George, Prince Edward, Prince William, Richmond, Southampton, Spotsylvania, Surry, Sussex. Stafford, Warwick, Westmoreland, York, 430 PARISIIES, Newport, Brunswick, flanover, S' Stephen's, Stratton major, St John's, S David's, Christ Chh, S' Mary, Whitechapel, Fredlericksville, Cumberland, Christ Church, Chuckatuck, Suffolk, B3lissland, S' Peter's, Elizabeth River, IHulngar's, Wicocomoco, S' Stephen's, S' Mark's, Linhaven, Bristol, Martin's Brandon, Dettingen, HIamilton, Luncnburg, North Farnham, Nottoway, S' George's, Southwark, Albemarle, Overwharton, S' Paul's, Warwick, Washington, Cople, Charles, York-Hampton, Bruton, I IN I SITEI S. Jn". Reid. )an' Macdonald. Will" Da)vis. Hancock D)unbar. Will"' Robinson. Jno. Robertson. Alex' White. David Currie. Ja" Maury. Will"' Kay. Bar" Yates. W'" Webb. J1n". Agnevw. Chichley Thacker. Da)vid Mossom. Charles Sminith. IHlenry Barlow. Jn". Leland. Tho' Smith. Jn". Thompson. Rob' Dickson. Tho' Wilkinson. Alex' Finnie. Jas Scott. John Brunskill. Joseph Simpson. %V"' Mackay. T'ho' iurgess. James Mayre. Peter Davis. Will"' Willie. Jn". Moncure. WV' Stuart. Archd Campbell. Charles Rose. 'Thol' Warrington. Jno. Camm. Tho' Dawson. 43t [1754. S' President, ' William Stith. ( I Thllo!)awson. William & Mary College, ho' oiison.;/rcslo, i T Robinson. S Masters or Prof ssors, Will" Preston. i; Rich4 Graham. iJI no. Camm. M. DAIVSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. W". & MARY COLLEGE, Nov' 15, 1754. My LORD, I beg leave to acquaint your Lordship that by & with the advice & approbation of our worthy Governor I writ in August last a Circular letter to the Clergy of this Colony requiring their attendance at the College on Wednesday, Oct. 30. On the Day appointed a great number of them met. But as the Journal of our proceedings (which I shall transmit to your Lordship as soon as my many engagements will permit), will give you a full account of every thing transacted in the Convention, I shall make no further mention of it at present, than what is just necessary; & to assure your Lordship that the whole was carried on with such decency, order & regularity as gave universal satisfaction. It was unanimously agreed that we should address his Majesty, the Governor, & your Lordship. The addresses to his Majesty and your Lordship I have enclosed, & the Convention humbly desire that your Lordship would have that to his Majesty, presented in such a manner as shall to your Lordship seem most proper; & that you would likewise be pleased to give the address to your Lordship a kind & favorable reception. M'. Solicitor Paris is not taken notice of, because he sent in an account of upwards of Z40,-whicht was immediately remitted him. The address to the Gov', with his Honor's Ans', is in the enclos'd Newspaper, to which I beg leave to refer you. Hl is, I assure your Lordship, a great friend to the Clergy, supports & adorns Ieli~.! ' I ,755.] 432 gion both by his authority & example, & always acts with an inflexible steadiness in the pursuit.of such measures, as have a visible tendency to the good of Church & State. May he therefore long rule over us, & may all attempts against him ever prove vain & ineffectual. The general assembly of this Colony met the 17 of October, & have this time granted a supply of 20000 Ibs. Mr. Nivison is settled in Meherrin, a New Parish in the County of Brunswick; M'. Agnew, in the room of M'. Mackenzie, deceased, in Suffolk, Nansemond; M'. Wilkinson in the room of M'. Robertson, Deceased, in Bristol, Prince George; M'. Jones in Augusta Parish, Augusta, a frontier County; M'. Peter Davis in the room of Mr. Hotchkis, in Southwark, Surry, & M'. Pasteur in Bath, Dinwiddie County, in the room of M'. Pow, Chaplain to his Majesty's Ship the Triton, Cap'. Whitwell, who is returned to Engld; but an exact list of the Present incumbents, their parishes, &c., shall be transmitted to your Lordship together with the journal of the whole proceedings of the Convention, as soon as possible. MA. DAIFSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. W". & MARY COLLEGE, June IO, 1755. MY LORD, In Nov' last I gave your Lordship some ace of our Convention; & at the same time enclosed the Clergy's addresses to his Majesty & your Lordship, which I hope were Graciously recd. I now take the Liberty to send you an exact Journal of our proceedings, & as this was the first meeting of the Clergy in this Country in which a register was kept, & as none of us have had experience in these matters, your Lordship will not be surprised, if you find us guilty of some errors; tho' I can assure you that the whole was transacted with such decency & order as gave great satisfaction, & will, I am persuaded, have a good effect both upon the Clergy & laity. To the Journal I have added a list of the subscribers to the Charity-scheme for the relief of Clergymen's Widows & Orphans, a short acc' of our first meeting, & also a list of the Counties, Parishes, & Present Ministers of the Country. I humbly beg 433 [1755. leave to recommend the Bearer, M'. Josph Davenport, to your Lordship for holy orders. He was educated in this College & I assure your Lordship from my personal knowledge, behaved well from first to.last. He has also been a tutor in a private family about 2 years, where by his prudent & regular behaviour, he gave entire satisfaction, as has been certified to me by the worthy gentlemen that employ him, & M'. Dixon, the Minister of the Parish. I believe in my conscience le is qualified for that office, to which he desires to be admitted. Warwick Parish in the County of Warwick is vacant by the death of M'. Cole; Russell in Bedford, & Htampshire in Hampshire, 2 New Counties & Parishes, have not as yet been supplied. To one of these livings or any other Benefice not filled up at his return, the Governor (with whose approbation I recommend him), will present him, & he will meet with a kind reception, for the Gentlemen of this Country are particularly fond of Clergymen born & bred here; and indeed with good reason, for the Parishes have been supplied from our College with better Ministers (all of them being well reported of), than usually come from abroad. M'A. Iavenport was born Feb. 21, 173-, as appears from the register in my possession, for he is a native of this Parish, where his Father has been many years Clerk to the Court of Hustings & Writing Master to this College. I most humbly beseech your Lordship's favor & protection to the Virginia Church & Clergy; & when your health & many important engagements will permit you to honor me with any instructions, I shall with pleasure receive & with fidelity execute them, & in the mean time I shall exert my honest tho' weak endeavors to promote the good of this Church, and the Salvation of Mankind. The unjustifiable invasions & encroachments of the French, engage at present all our attention, but I hope that by his Majesty's great goodness, in sending us such a supply of Men, Arms & Ammunition, we shall defeat their designs & Establish the peace.& safety of our Country upon the most permanent foundation. I most humbly crave your Lordship's Fatherly Benediction & that it may please God to stretch out your life very far beyond the usual span for the public good is the sincere wish & hearty prayer of, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obliged & most dutiful servant, THOs. DAWSON. 1755-1 434 The Clergy of Virginia to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIIGuNIA, Nov' 29, 1755. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR LO)RDSilIP, We whose names are underwritten being Clergymen in the Colony of Virginia, beg leave to complain to your Lordship of a bill, which has passed both the I-louses of Assembly here & obtained his Honor, the Governor's assent, which notwithstanding such great & respectable authorities, we apprehend to be too glaringly inconsistent with natural equity, the Rights of the Clergy, the common Liberty of the subject & his Royal Majesty's Prerogative, to be spoken of without detestation. We have sent herewith a Copy of the Law concerning the Clergy, which has the Royal assent, & also a copy of the Bill passed in contradiction to it, which is the subject of the present animadversions, that by comparing them together, your Lordship may be able to Judge of the justness of what we have to allege against the latter. We have hitherto received our dues in kind, as the Law prescribes; not a certain part of the produce in the way of tithes, but one unvariable quantity of tobacco, viz: 16,ooo lbs. Had we been allowed such a portion of the produce, The quantity to be received, would always have corresponded with the price, so as that when the crop was large & the price small, we should have been entitled to the more in quantity, & vice versa; & then there would have been less temptation to such a bill as this; but under the present settlement, as in plentiful years when the price was ever so low, we could have no more tobacco, so in scarce years when the price rises, it is but just & reasonable that we should have no less, nor (which is the same), be obliged to take it in money at a rate much under the market. Yet it is this just & reasonable thing which the Bill above-mentioned is designed to obviate, & that in such a manner as will draw on the ruin of the Established Church. ]For what Clergyman can it be expected will come hither from Great Britain, or who will here design their sons for holy Orders, when the Clergy shall not be paid in one certain commodity, but in Tobacco or Money or something else, as any of them shall happen to be the least profitable; when they shill have a maintenance, not only small at the best but instable & fluctuating; & when they shall be liable to have it debated every session of Assembly, whether they shall be supported in a penurious manner or starved outright. We must be so just however as 435 [1755. to own, that the people here are not like to be long without instructors, because certain Dissenting teachers amongst us cannot but be thought ready &,eager enough to succeed the Established Clergy, since they do already not only venture into vacant Pulpits, but steal into others also in the absence of tlheir proper owners. The next observable thing in tile Bill is, that the Tobacco for which it proposes to give us money at an under rate, was actually become due before the passing of the Bill, tho' it be not payable till 6 months hence, that there may be time for curing & carrying it to the Houses of Inspection. And if the Assembly here, can diminish the value of a debt already become due, the consequence as it appears to us must needs be, that there can be no property, but what will depend upon their good pleasure. For we see no reason why they may not, if they so think fit, deprive the subject of what belongs to him in one case as well as another; why they may not oblige him to take half the money due to him on any account whatever, instead of the whole, as well as money for his tobacco at half price. And that some such thing may be done in relation to Money debts is not purely imaginary, for there has been of late much talk here of bringing in a bill for preventing Writs from being served & hindering all creditors from Sueing for a time limited. However this may be, we cannot but look upon the power of raising or lowering a debt already due, as more suitable to the Spirit of an absolute Monarchy, than of a free govern'; of France, than of Britain. It is further remarkable in the Bill, that it is drawn in opposition to a law, which has the King's assent, & is expected to operate, more strongly for a time without it, than the law can do with it, which if it can do, we have in vain lodged any confidence in the King's Prerogative;'since it may be in this manner perletually defeated, robbed of all effect & rendered a mere shadow. We beg your Lordship's patience while we add a word or two on all that has come to our knowledge in defence of the Bill. It is affirmed to be a charitable Bill; inasmuch as many poor people who have not this year raised tobacco enough to pay their dues will be thereby relieved. I lre we question much the matter of fact, viz: that there are many such poor people who have not raised Tobacco this year sufficient to enable them to discharge the public dues, we knowing of few or none such in the several Counties wherein we the subscribers reside. But admitting the worst that it were true, that an act of Providence had rendered several poor people fit objects of charity, could they not have been relieved by a brief or by some other proper method? Is it neces 1755.] 436 sary or expedient for their sakes to encroach upon private property, tear up foundations & establishments & disorder all the wheels of Gov'? We observe further that the 16,ooo lbs. of Tobacco due to each Minister of a Parish, as his annual income, are always levied in such a manner that every rich man pays towards it, so much a head for himself, the male persons in his family, the Black Males and Females in his Possession above 16 years of age; while the Poor man only pays the same sum a head for himself, the white males in his family, & a Slave or two if he has any; so that the Benefitted by this Bill, so far as it relates to what we lose, will not be profited in proportion to their poverty, but exactly in proportion to their riches; men of large possessions in lands & slaves being the only considerable gainers. Could not a distinction have been made in favor of the poor? Can it seem to us any other than a very odd contrivance, to be called a charitable one, which will not suffer us to give a penny to an indigent person without compelling us at the same time to bestow a shilling on his wealthy neighbour? When it is recommended to us as piece of charity to acquiesce uuder such a bill; the veil appears so very thin, that we reckon it no breach of that virtue in us, to look upon the pretended motive of charity in no other light than as a merely pretended motive. Had a contribution or any other equitable scheme been set afoot; or had it been desired of the Clergy to remit part of their dues to such as they knew to be real objects of charity, we hope they would have been as ready to promote any reasonable donation to the utmost of their abilities as any other part of the community. It has been said that other people concerned in the Bill are easy under it, and why should not the Clergy? to which we reply, that others have different ways of gain, & if they lose by the Bill one way, they may gain in another, or if they lose themselves their relations may have an answerable profit, whereas the Clergy are confined by their office and circumstances to one way of subsistence, & hardly any of them have relations who can be much profited by their distress, and therefore their case being peculiar, others cannot be fairly proposed in this point as an example for them to follow. The Gentlemen of this Colony have at present high notions of the advantage that will accrue to them by making Indigo; For which reason we have been asked if we expected still to be paid in Tobacco, when the chief part of the slaves & labourers shall be employed in Indigo & by that means the quantity of Tobacco be much reduced & its price proportionally advanced; to 437 [1755. which we only say that we hope we shall not receive our dues in anything but tobacco, till his most Gracious Majesty's assent shall be obtained for repealing a law to which that assent has been given, nor would it, we humbly presume, be any great hardship to the community if the value of our revenues by any accident should happen to be augmented, especially when the community would be equal, nay much greater gainers by the supposed accident. Some of us who have been willing to farm out our incomes, have not been able to get ~80 sterl. a year for them, one year with another. And was it duly considered that the nature of our parishes, obliges us to maintain horses & sometimes (for want of Health in an Hot Climate to bear the necessary riding), to keep chaises; that all our wearing apparel & other necessaries coming from Engld must be much dearer to us than they are where they are made; that our liquors & provisions which we cannot have from a market in small portions, as we want them, must cost much more than such things do in Britain; that we can see no Books, but what we buy with our money at an advanced rate; we say were these & many other particulars, too many to be rehearsed, duly weighed, a Virginia Rector would perhaps be found on scarce so good a footing as a Curate with ~40 a year in most parts of Engl5. And where then would be the mighty harm or the vast unreasonableness of the thing, if his situation in life should happen to be a little mended. It has been asserted in relation to our depending on the Law, which has the Royal assent, that there have been two instances already wherein the Assembly has contradicted it by subsequent Bills. In one of these the ministers solicited the change; in the other, the minister was content with what was done. In both instances, the Parishes never make any Tobacco & the money in lieu of it, is settled at a stated price forever. These instances we take to be essentially different from what we complain of; wherein a change is imposed upon the whole reluctant clergy for Io months just to deprive them for a single year of what belongs to them, by a law that has had the confirmation of the King's assent; & to introduce a Power of depriving them in like manner for the future, as often as it shall be deemed worth while by the deprivors. We now submit all to your Lordship's Judgment, & if you shall be of opinion, that we are not mistaken in what we have said and argued above; we most humbly supplicate your assistance; that you will intercede with his most gracious Majesty in our favor. We, a few poor private clergymen in an obscure part of the world (between whom & your Lordship, your venerable station & the abilities with 1755.1 438 which you so eminently adorn it, create so vast a distance), would not, your Lordship must needs think, have ventured on this application; had we not without it, esteemed our affairs desperate. The Bill like a thing of an ordinary nature, having been huddled over in a day or two, had passed both the houses before any of the Clergy, almost, were apprised that any such thing was in agitation; 2 or 3 of them who happened to be in the way, waited on his I lonor the Gov' interceding him to withhold his assent, which request, they had the mortification to find, refused without receiving any satistactory rCa-sons for such refusal, or hearing anything indeed from his lonor but what (we are sorry to say it), served only to discover a weak & unseasonable timidity. In this situation, what had we left, but to throw ourselves on your Lordship's Patronage & Clemency, most earnestly begging your benevolent intercession with his most gracious & Sacred Majesty to interpose in behalf of the sinking clergy, in behalf of his other subjects in this Colony & in behalf of his own prerogative. The rights of all which, in other cases in general as well as this, will be found to be strictly connected and harmoniously interwoven with each other. We make no doubt of being condemned by many here, as guilty of great presumption, when it shall come to be known that we have dared to seek for shelter against the heat & severity of the Climate, under the umbrage of a person of your Lordship's consideration & interest. Any apprehensions of this kind have had the less force to deter us from our enterprise, because it is our firm persuasion, that so remarkably learned judicious & pious a Prelate as your Lordship will not neglect us on account of our distance; that we do not cease to be British subjects by being members of a Colony.; & that it ought to give us a more afl'ctintg pleasure to view ourselves in that larger than in this smaller capacity. None, \we are of opinion in America, can be better aflfected than we are ton tthe pr'esent establishllent in Church & State, to the jpresent mlost illustrious Royal fi'mily, on whose prosperity so visibly rests the felicity of the whole British conumllinity into whatsoever regions extended. We are hearty & zealous friends to the dpienldace of the Colonies on their mother Country; not only because observance & obedience are their duty, in return for their Blirth & Support; not only because at this juncture, the very means of their subsistence, must be principally derived from the same Glorious nation, to which they owe their original, but also because it is our most deliberate Judgment that the Power of the greatest King on Earth & his most Honorable Privy Council (who Educated 439 [1755. & Practised in affairs of Gov'), dwell in the seats of Learning & Liberty & are the grand Props & Supports thereof, must always be a better security to private property, than could be found in the Sole, uncontrouled, unassisted power of any assembly on this continent. These sentiments we are not ashamed to stand or fall by on all occasions. Our duty to our King & the British Nation exact them of us, We are ready to profess and to inculcate them; whatever pain & disturbance it may give to any, who mistake their triue interest by afllecting a vain Grandtlur which belongs not to their Silhere, whatever odium we may incur thereby from any persons of Narrow Notions. In this time of extreme danger to the Colonies, we decline no Taxes to the extent of our abilities, which may be fairly laid upon us in common with our brethren of the laity. We neither expect nor desire the indulgence & exemption which Dissenting Teachers enjoy in the Northward Colonies. We endeavour all we can to promote in others the like disposition to bear with cheerfulness whatever burdens the times & the circumstances of things render eligible. Slighting the displeasure which may be raised against us on this account by murmuring spirits, some of which there will be in every society, who feelingly consider what they Pay, but are glad to shut their eyes for fear they should so much as see the clear & unavoidable necessity of such payment. We are conscious that this application to your Lordship will want an Ornament & a Sanction of a principal kind in not having to it the name of your Honble & Revi Commissary, who was against this Bill & is, we believe, heartily concerned, that it met not with a more prevailing opposition than it has recd. The reason of our not having him at our head, & many other clergymen to join us, is, that this must have been a work of time considering how we are dispersed from onie anothler, & we were deterilniid to gie your Lordshlip the moist Carly notice possible of what has hai;lpend; tecause if oni your ge:'nrous intercession his most G;raiosll Majesty should dislike the 11ll which we jutdge to lbe sto injurious, that dislike miay be lpublished here befoire the end of May next, which woutld save us the painful necessity & certaill trouble of endeavouring to recover our 1)ues by Law Suits, beiore Courts which will be composed of those very llmen who, we Imagine, have prejudiced our cause in agrecing to the bill or of Persons under their influence, or at least interested in the issue of the dispute, nor will the Conunissary & the rest of the Clergy in Convention, or otherwise, be precluded by any thing we have done, from sending you a better state of the affair at their more leisure. As we have 1756.] 440 acted under a full persuasion, that the nature of our case required us to study dispatch more than anything else, the more boldly we solicit, that any inaccuracies or errors of any kind which we have been unwarily guilty of, may meet with your pardon, in hope of which & your Lordship's commisseration, heartily praying to the Supreme Being for your health & happiness, we take the liberty to Subscribe ourselves, Your Lordship's most dutiful Sons & Servants, JoHN CAMM, WV II,1.IAM PIis'rN, TltoMAS ROBINSON, RICi" GIRCAIAM, W" ROIBINSON, AIIx" WVIIT'E, C11(1n11E:Y 11TACKER, T'IO WARRINGTON. The Clergy of Virginia to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIRGINIA, Feb. 25, 1756. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR LORDSHIP, We the subscribers being of the Established Clergy in the Colony of Virginia, humbly beg leave to represent to your Lordship the great hardships we at present lye under by an act of our legislature, past here in Nov' last (a copy of which is enclosed), which we humbly conceive is a breaking in upon our establishment, an insult upon the Royal Prerogative & contrary to the liberty of the subject, as well as to natural Justice & Equity. This, may it please your Lordship, is a heavy charge; but yet, if upon a true & candid representation of the case, your Lordship shall think as we do, we hope for your interest & intercession at the proper board to have this law, so far as it affects us, your Lordship's clergy, repealed. That your Lordship may be sensible of the hardships we complain of, be pleased to consider, that there ever has been a standing Law in this Colony & which has lately recc the Royal assent "that ever), beneficed Minister of the Chh of Engl" shall receive an annual Salary of I6,cco lbs of Tobacco, paid 441 ['755. by the respective Parishioners, but this last year, because small Crops of Tobacco were made & a high price consequently expected; our legislature in a new & unprecedented manner, have altered the law confirmed by the sanction of royal assent, so far as to make it o(,loNAL in the people, to pay either Money or Tobacco; & which is still a greater hardship upon us, they have valued our Tobacco at an under rate, viz: at 2d per lb., when the market is generally expected to be 3d if not 4d per lb. (of this Currency which is at least 25 per cent worse than Sterli & sometimes more). When the market is low, which has been generally the case from 1724 till now, the Clergy are obliged to rest satisfied with what they can get for their Salaries which are but too Scanty at best, we therefore hope that your Lordship will think with us, that we ought in justice to have the benefit of the rising market, but when your Lordship is pleased to consider that this 0t'ITN LAW has a retrospect & deprives us of a property earnt & due before it was a law, your Lordship will think our case still more Pitiable. And that your Lordship may be satisfied of this Retrospect in the Law complained of, we beg your patience while we inform you, that the Vestries (who have the Power by Law to Levy the Clergy's Salaries) take care not to Levy any Tobacco for their Parish Minister till it is due (i. e.) suppose we are rec' into a Parish (for Institution & Induction we have none), in the fall, when the Parish Levy is laid by Law; The Vestries Levy no Tobacco for us till that time 12 Months & the Tobacco then Levied is not demandable by Law till the last of May following & perhaps not recd for some months after that, so that at our first setting out in the world, in low circumstances, we are obliged to labor in our extensive Parishes (some of which are Ioo, many 60 & 70, & the common extent of them 30 & 40 Miles in length), in extremeties of Weather both hot & cold for a year & a half at least & sometimes longer before we receive our Salaries: by which time many of us are obliged to run so much in debt tlat we can hardly ever after retrieve our circumstances & all this time the Law we compijlain of has a retrospect & deprives us of a property duc by Virtue of a former law & a law too that has had the royal assent & pursuant to his Majesty's instructions to the Gov' cannot be altered or any other enacted in its place, without a suspending clause, till his Majesty's pleasure is known (one of which instructions is, ias we are assured, not to pass or materially to alter any Law, in contradiction to one that Iias obtained the Royal assent for a year & a day; or till such time as his Majesty's pleasure shall be known). Our legislature were so sensible that 56 1755.] 442 their option Law is contrary to Royal Prerogative & Instruction & withal so apprehensive were they that it would be repealed, so soon as it was known at home; that to make sure work of it, they enacted it to be in force for to months only, which was long enough for their purpose, as all Tobacco Payments would be over in that time; & yet a repeal could not be obtained. This may it please your Lordship is a true state of the case, & one would think that there must needs be some extraordinary reasons for passing so extraordinary a Iaw, yet when your Lordship is pleased to consider these reasons, they are such as will by no means, justify the conduct of the legislators, for in the 1" Place, the small qiuantity of Tobacco made (which seems to be their main argument), will by no mneans do i, for small Crops of l'obacco are so far from being a loss to the Country that in the opinlion of the nolst discerning judges, they are an advantage to it. To explain this to your Lordship, we beg leave to observe, that by reason of the great quantity of Tobacco commonly made, the Market is Over-stockt; & the low prices given are hardly able to support the Planters, But if there was less made, the market would rise in proportion & the Planter would, get as much for his small quantity, as he at any time would; for his greater. This our legislature are so well aware of, that they have made several attempts to lessen the quantity of Tobacco, by a Stint law & now when Providence has made a slint to their hands by an uncommon D)rought in the Summer & a Frost early in the fall, it is very hard that the Clergy should be denied the benefit of it. The next reason given for passing the law is, to prevent frauds & impositions in Collectors. But we humbly apprehend, that this law now complained of, will be so far from answering this pretended good end, that it will open a door to greater frauds & impositions than any Law ever yet did, for as it leaves it to the option of the Payer, to pay either Money or Tobacco, the collector will be sure to make his advantage by it & pay to public Creditors what best suits his interest which in such a multitude of Payers, lie may safely do without the least risk of being detected. Another Scheme our Legislators fell upon, to make their option law go down & to gloss over the injury intended by it to our establishment, was to tack our Salaries to placemen's fees, for if your Lordship pleases to observe, they do not strike at us directly & separately, but covertly, & in conjunction with Secretaries, Clerks, Sheriffs & other Tobacco Creditors. 'Tis very true, May it please your Lordship, that all Tobacco Creditors are sufferers by this law, but none so much as the Clergy; as our all depends upon it & the retrospect 443 [1755. of the Law affects us much more, than it does any other Tobacco Creditors. But the most material thing in our favor is, that our Salaries have had the Royal assent and therefore cannot be taken from us or diminished in any respect, by any Law made here without trampling upon the Royal Prerogative, & surely there is a vast difference between the established!ergy's livings, secured to us by Royal Sanction, & placemen's fees, which never had that Sanction, but are temporary & variable & discretionary in the legislature according to the exigence of the Country, In the last place, the law is colored over with charity &( compassion to the iIpr. If this iVas really the design of the law', we beg leave to answer your Lordshil that nnei ar e more ready & willing to promote charitable designs, than the Clergy ati; here according to our abilities. hut if the more obvioudiusdesigns of the l.aw should appear to be a saving & self-interest to the rich & great, we hope the law will be stript of this disguise & view'd in its proper Colors, & that this is really the Case, will we doubt not appear to your Lordship when you are pleased to consider that all our public dues are paid in Tobacco at a certain proportion for every titheable (taxable), person (taxable persons are all white males above 16 years of age & all negroes both male & female of that age). Now it is manifest, that the rich man who pays for instance for loo tithables (& some have several Hundreds), must save too times as much by the law as the Poor man who has but one titheable & many none at all. There is no Charity therefore in the law, unless it be that Charity which of all others may most truly & properly be said to begin at home, at the Legislator's own home. Had the Law had a respect to the poor & them only, the Clergy would have cheerfully acquiesced in it, but we think it hard that the whole Burden should be laid upon us; nay, that near half a Salary should be taken from us by law & distributed among the rich & the great (which is really the case here), & not among the Poor. These are the plausible reasons given for passing this act & we must submit it to your Lordship whether or not they will justify our Legislature in what they have done. As in our humble opinion the rights of the King & Church are struck at, we the establish'd Clergy who think ourselves intrusted with the Patrimony of the Church reckon it our indispensible duty to acquaint your Lordship with this encroachment & all we desire is to have the free use & disposal of our properties & to hold our livings (snmall as they are), Independant of those who have hitherto shewn us no good will. If it should after all be objected to the justness of our complaint, that other 1755.] 444 Tobacco creditors are sufferers as well as we, & yet they acquiesce under the law complained of; we ans' that the reason why they do not complain is, because their fees are entirely discretionary in the Legislature, who would surely have docked them had they not acquiesced. 'The Salaries we ought to receive next June, pursuant to a former Law were dtle before the law we now complain of was made, & were we to receive them in due course we believe upoln the best molplluItation, we should not receive the lo'l part of the Tobacco mitad. this year even where t,, Crop iare smallest, it r 1 t1 1 h pill'art 1ike the r l10y up an av'rage all over the C ountry; & in oiither Vis 01e with another, not the 5o"' part of what is commonly made. Our being deprived of the benefit of this rising market, will still keep us in debt & so in a dependant State, a thing much aimed at by the great men of this Country & not only so, but it will sink our Credit with our Mother Country, by putting it out of our power to ship home our Tobacco, towards discharging our debts already contracted in Great Britain, & for importing from thence many necessaries of life, which consequently we must buy here at a high advance, at least double the first cost. There is no doubt but those leading gentlemen of the Legislature, who were principally concerned in passing this act, will or have already sent home some justification of their conduct, &,may Possibly represent both it & us in a light neither deserves. If it should be so, as we are a poor helpless set of men, we have nothiing to rely upon but the justice of our cause & your Lordship's favor & protection, which we implore only upon condition, that it shall appear to your Lordship that we are ill used & have reason to complain; which surely is the case, so long as we are subjected to such laws as make property precarious & while the legislature assume a power to take from us by one Law what they gave us by another as is notoriously our case & which your Lordship may be satisfied of, by comparing the Clegy Law of 1748 which then had the Sanction of the Royal assent, with this option Law of 1755 which we hope never will obtain that Sanction. 'Tis with great concern that we are obliged to take this opportunity to acquaint your Lordship that the established Church & Clergy are upon a very precarious footing in this Colony, but tho' often ill used yet they have never been totally deserted by every branch of the legislature till now. And since in this our unhappy situation at present we have the more need of a friend at court & we humbly think, that we cannot apply so properly to an)' friend as to your Lordship our worthy Dliocesan & as we have already experienced your Lordship's goodness in 445 [1755. supporting our cause, when we were attacked in our title, by one great man, in the case of the late Mr. Kay, we flatter ourselves that we shall have the continuance of your favor & protection, when we are now struck at in our properties by the whole legislative body of this I)ominion; who, we must say it, have distinguished themselves in their mal-treatment of the Clergy. For Virginia & Maryland, are the only 2 (;o" where Tobacco is the staple & whri, the Clergy iare paid in that commodlity, & tho' there aret as short ctrolps mat th h tltre a e the Ma l vyllll mi('1gy receive yearly, ol ntar twiNc as much 'lToacco as we ol in Virginia, yet there is no O)/itoI L11tw in that Gov' nor any atteml)t made to Subvert their Establishment. As we are the most numerous Clergy of any one of his Majesty's Colonies & have done Nothing to forfiet the protection of the legislature, 'tis very hard that we should be singled out & made the only sufferers. Were we not apprehensive that we have already trespassed upon your Lordship's patience we could set forth sundry other pernicious consequences of this Law, particularly how prejudicial to religion & the propogation of the Gospel in this part of the world, such treatment of the Clergy must be; for surely it cannot but discourage us in the discharge of our Ministerial duty & in a great measure defeat our power ofj doing good among our people who are but too apt to follow the example o I their superiors in treating the Clergy with scor.i & contempt. It must also have a threatening aspect upon all useful seminaries of Learning particularly the College of Will"' & Mary in this Colony, founded by Royal Charter, in which Seminary our youth are educated in several useful branches of learning & some trained up for the ministry. For in our opinion no man will give his Son a liberal education or bring him up for the Ministry under such discouraging circumstances, & no Clergyman of worth & learning will ever come from Britain to settle here, where he will be so far from meeting with due protection, that he runs the risk of being denied the rights & privileges of a free born subject. We also humnbly conceive that the making such a law especially at this time, is highly impolitic in a Church of Eng ld L egislature. For of late, Dissenters of:everal denominations have settled here and are gaining ground among us, who make it their business not only to divide our Church & sed(luce the unwary from our communion, but miss no opportunity of raising their own reputation upon the ruin of that of the established clergy. Here en is the best opportunity for them to exult & triumph. And now to conclude this long Epistle, we beg leave to assure your Lordship, that the whole body of the Clergy of this dominicn, unanimously lay to heart the grievances we complain of & the reason why so few names are subscribed to this, is chietly owing to the great distance between our respective habitations & because your Lordship's Commissary judged it unadvisable to call a convention of the Clergy; but withal assured us that he would heartily espouse our cause & Second our addresses to your Lordship, & as he thinks that private representations will better ans' our purpose, we have no other method left but to form ourselves into small Blrotherhoods & in this way to- sue for redress. So throwing ourselves & our cause on your Lordship's fao',r & protection & in hopes that your Lordship will use you interest with his Majesty & the Ministry that the evils we conlilain of aety be redress'd & such reilief afforded to your Lordship's suffering Clergy as his Majesty in his great wisdom & goodness shall think fit, we beg leave to subscribe ourselves, May it please your l.ordship, Your L.ordship's most dutiful & obd' Sons & Servants, JN". lliNKUsKil., SE:", in the 40'" year of lly Ministry. I lEN' I )eNILa, in the 30th year of my Ministry. Pa'nRCK I lfENnR, in the 24"' year of my Ministry here. AiLEx. \Viirii., in the I i'" year of my Ministry. JNo. RoIter'rsoN, in the I lth year of my Ministry. AiEx. FINNIE, in the 3i"' year of my Ministry in the Country. T'llo' WVLKINsoN, in the 3't year of my Ministry, PETER DAVID, in the 5h' year of my Ministry. JNO. BARCIAY, W" WII.wIE, in the 18th year of my Ministry. M'. DAIfISON to tAe BISHOP of LONDON. WV" & MARY COLLEGE, FebY 25, 1756. My LoRD, I humbly beg leave to acquaint your Lordship, that the Gov" & Visitors of this College, have unanimously, elected me President, in the room of the 447 C1756. Revd M'. Stith, who departed this life Sept' I9, & was on the Sunday following decently interr'd, They have also added 50o Sterli per annum, to the Salary, which proceeding I hope will meet with the approbation of your Lordship our most Reverend Chancellor. In Nov' last the inclosed act, Entitled "An act to enable the inhabitants of this Colony to discharge their Tobacco debts in money for the present year" was enacted here, of which had it been in my Power I should have given your Lordship immediate notice, but this is the very first opportunity that has offered; for none of our Ships, at least that I could hear of, bound for the Port of London, have sailed since that time. When it passed the Ilouse of Burgesses, a few of the Clergy then in Town desired me to oppose it, when brought to the upper house, arguing very justly, that this was not only breaking in upon their establishment, but also as their incomes had been for many years very miean & inconsiderable on ace' of the low price of Tobacco, it would be very hard & injurious, now there was a prospect of advantage that they should be deprived of it. I accordingly opposed it & endeavoured either to have the Bill totally rejected, or at least that it should be committed for amendments, intending to propose that the words Ilrish Levies Should be Struck out, but it was carried by a large majority. Our Worthy Gov' a true friend to the Clergy & Zealous to support them in their rights & privileges, was greatly concerned that a Bill so disagreeable to him, contrary to his instructions & interfering with a law conformed by his Majesty, had passed, & would in a few days be presented to him for his assent, & was indeed in doubt for some time whether to pass or reject it. In this dilemna he consulted the Speaker & likewise advised with his Majesty's Council: the former assured him that the rejecting of it would inflame the Country both against him & the Clergy: the opinion of the latter I have enclosed. Was the scarcity of Tobacco indeed very great, & was the Law really framed for the benefit of the Poor & Needy as the Preamble of the Bill would insinuate, every pious & humane clergyman would undoubtedly acquiesce. But give me leave to observe, that this Law is calculated rather for the benefit & advantage of the rich than the poor. For the poor & the middle sort of People, generally pay their levies very early, & in Tobacco of their own Produce, but the Rich are always very late in discharging their dues, endeavouring either to do it in money, or waiting till they can Purchase public transfer, or other mean Tobacco, thinking their own too good & valuable for the 1756.] 448 Clergy or any other officers. The price tixed is undoubtedly better than the Clergy in general have commonly reed: But their breaking in upon the Law in 1748 is what I most.apprehend, for tho' our worthy Gov' would do every thing in his Power for the benefit of the Clergy & many of the Council are well affected, yet we have nothing better I am afraid to expect from the house of Burgesses than our present provision; we should therefore, it is thought, be very cautious how we part with our right or give up our present establishment, & tho' many faults may be justly found with the law in 1748 yet a better is hardly now to be expected, & if they are suffered once to break in upon it, we know not what lengths they may attempt to go. Considering the new act in this light, I must submit it to your Lordship whether it ought to be repealed by lproclamation or not & tho' it may seem too late, as the act is only to continue in Force for the space of o0 months; yet that (or an instruction to the( Gov' toSuppo(rt the Rights of the Clergy), may make the l louse of Hurgesses, more cautious for the future, how they present Hills to the (Gov' interfi-ring with those that have had the Royal assent, at least without a Suspeltdiig Clause. lBut whatever is you L.ordship's ol)inion in this matter, I most humbly beg that you would be pleased to lt'vor me with it, for tho,' I sihoilul I very sorry to make any inrvasonmablte oosition or un justly complain iof the leg'islatuire of the Country, yet I think it my duty to (endeavour to support the Clergy, in their rights & privileges: the station your Lordship has placed me in requires it of me. Some of our body were Zealous to have a convention immediately in order to make a public representation to your Lordship, but as I was always a lover of peace & quietness, I judged this private report the more eligible way. Many of the Clergy I am informed are determined to refiuse Money & demand Tobacco, which if not paid they are resolved to stand suit, under the old act with their respective vestries. This I hope will be another inducement, to your Lordship to favor me with your sentiments as soon as possible as it may be a means of preventing Law suits & preserving peace & quietness for I am persuadcl d that both Clergy & Laity, will pay the greatest deference to your Lordship's opinion. The same reason that prevented my writing sooner; likewise prevented the Gov"'' transmitting to the Board of trade, &c., this & the other acts past last session; so that your Lordship will receive this letter, full as soon as they receive the acts themselves, I am, My Lord, your Lordship's most dutifuil, most obliged,& faithful Servant, TIlO Is IAWSON. 449 1'757. At a COUNCIL held April 2xst, 1757. Present,-The Gov'. W" Fairfax, Peter Randolph, Jno. Blair, Richd Corbin, Wm Nelson, Philip Ludwell, Esq', Tho' Nelson, M'. Commissary, Philip Grymes, Jno. Taylor, Esq'. Upon reading this day a Complaint, made by the Vestry of Hamilton Parish in Prince W1'" County against the Revd M'. Jna. Brunskill, for divers immoralities such as profane Swearing, I)runkenness & immodest actions, it was the advice of the Council & accordingly That the S' Complaint be heard the 3'd Thursday in May next & that the Clerk write & give notice thereof to the said Blrunskill & require his appearance before the (;ov' in Council at that time & send him tlank Summons for such witnesses, as he shall think nccessary to testify in his behalf & also write to the Church-wardens, requiring their attendance at the same time & that they admit the S' Brunskill, to the full exercise of his Ministerial Function, till the complaint against him shall be determined, & inclose a blank summons to them for witnesses. N. WALTHOE, Cl. Con. AT A COUNCIL HELD) May '9, 1857. Present,-The Governor. W" Fairfax, Peter Randolph, Jno. Blair, Rich' Corbin, WVm Nelson, Plhilip Ludwell, Esq', Tho' Nelson, M'. Commissary, Philip Grymes, lPhilip Ludwell Lee, Esq'. Upon hearing this day the complaint of the Vestry & Church-wardens of the Parish of Hamilton, against John Brunskill, Jun', Minister of the Sd Parish wherein he was accused of Drunkenness, P'rofane Swearing, Immoral Practices, frequent Neglect of Duty, and indecent Behaviour in Church, & upon s757.] 450 examination of many witnesses as well on behalf the said Brunskill as of the said complaints, it was the unanimous opinion of the Board that every fact he was charged with had been fully proved; that lie was a scandal to his profession & ought to be disqualified from ever exercising the office of a Clergyman, but the Council desired to postpone giving any advice to the Gov' in what manner to proceed against the sd Brunskill, till they were informed of his Honor's instructions from his Majesty how he was directed to Govern himself in such Cases, which his Honor promised to communicate to them. N. WALTHOE., Cl. Con. AT A COUNCIL HELD May ao, 1757. Present-The Governor, And as Yesterday. The Gov' was pleased to communicate to the Board, his Si' Instruction in which are these words "If any Parson already preferr'd to any Benefice shall appear to you to give Scandal, either by his doctrine or manners, you are to use the best means for the removal of him," & desired their opinion & advice, how he should conduct himself towards removing M'. Brunskill, in consequence of the S' instruction, NM. Commissary having acquainted the Board, he had not rec" any Power from the Bishop of London to act in a case of such consequence. Whereupon it was the opinion of the Council, that his 1 lonor was emplowered by his instruction, to riemove any Minister of so Scandalous a life & conversation, as the S' Brunskill; & their adlvice was that his I lonor would remove & deprive him, the S' Brunskill, from officiating as a Minister, in any Church within this Dominion & give orders to the Vestry & Churchwardens, not to admit him to perform any Divine office in Hamilton Parish, & to Levy the Salary, for any other discreet Clergyman, they can agree with to officiate & to recommend such person to his Honor & the Comrn for their approbation. N. WALTHOE, Cl. Con. A True Copy by Ti,' DAwsoN, 451 [t757. GOPR DINIWIDDIE to the VESTRY of HAMILTON PARISH. WILLIAMSBURGII, May 20, 1757. GENTLEMFEN, You are hereby required & Commanded not to admit M'. John Brunskill, to officiate in your Church as Minister, I having thought fit by, & with, the advice of his Majesty's Council to remove & absolutely deprive him of acting as a Clergyman in any Church within this Dominion. In the the mean time you are to Levy the Salary for any other Discreet Clergyman, you can agree with to preach & perform in Divine offices, & other Services appertaining to the Iuty of a minister & to recommend him to me and the Commissary for our approbation. I am, Gentlemen, Your friend & Humble Servant, A CorY. ROB D)INWID)IE. M'. COM DAlIFSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. W" & MARY COLLEGE, July 9, 1757. Mv LORD, I think it my Duty to give your Lordship notice from time to time of any Hardships or oppressions that the Clergy labour under, in relation to the rights which they are entitled to, by the Laws & Constitution of the Gov'. In Consequence of this, I formerly writ you Lordship a long letter concerning an act of assembly, entitled "An Act to enable the inhabitants of this Colony to discharge their Tobacco Debts in Money." And must now beg leave to trouble your Lordship, with an affair of a very different nature. The Revd M'. John Brunskill, Jun', Minister of Hamilton Parish, Prince William, after having recd reproof, advice & exhortation, continued to persist in a most abominable course of life to the great Scandal of his Profession & evil example of all good Christians: till at length the Church-wardens & Gentlemen of 1757.J 452 the Vestry, in justice to themselves & in Pity to the unhappy Parishioners, drew up a Complaint, supported by several evidences & presented it to me; & one of the representatives of that County (then in Town), the General assembly being sitting, made heavy complaints to the Governor: Upon which his Honor advised me to proceed against the Sd Brunskill, in a judicial manner; But as I was sensible that I had gone already as far as I had Power to do, I acquainted his I lonor that I had not sufficient authority to exercise any Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction or to proceed even in the most notorious cases, either to suspension or deprivation; but that I would consult with some of the Clergy, make a report to your Lordship & consider of some method if possible to remove so great a scandal from amongst us; in the mean time the Gov' being informed by some of his Majesty's Council, that irregular Clergymen were frequently, in Comr Blair's time proceeded against, before the Gov' & Council (which I must own, had been the practice), determined to pursue that method: and tho' I endeavoured to prevent it, as inconsistent with the rights & privileges of the Clergy; yet his Honor, shocked at his notorious Vices, supported as he imagines by his instructions, & persuaded that he would not pay the least regard to the little authority, I could pretend to, insisted upon it, & accordingly laid it before the Council. The process at that board I have inclosed. i low far this method is consistent with the 1 22' Canon, & the rights & privileges of the Clergy, I humbly submit to your Lordship & shall not presume to give my opinion therein: many of the Clergy are alarmed at this method of proceeding, as well as at the law already mentioned, & are greatly afraid of future attempts. Four of them waited upon me & earnestly desired a meeting of the whole body, that they might address your Lordship, complain of it, & entreat a commission for me, in order to prevent this Lay Jurisdiction over the Clergy for the future: & indeed I should have complied with their request; but our apprehensions at this time of a barbarous enemy, some violent Heats & animosities I expected, the want of sufficient authority, the very hot season of the year & the great distance (100oo or 200 miles) many of them lived from the College, induced me to refuse them & at the same time to assure them that I would make a true representation of the whole to your Lordship. In your Lordship's favor of May 12, 1756, you have pointed out a method how to proceed should the legislature make any future attempt as to our income and a Commission from the Bishop.of London would entirely put a Stop to this Second encroachment. For I must do the 453 [1757. Gov' & Council that Justice, that they are very far from being desirous of exercising such a power, but would have been much better pleased, had it been delegated to me. Could but the law in 1748, & our Church establishment be secured to us, we should all be satisfied: & could these advantages be obtained for us, without any public Intercession or Application from hence, it would be a great means of preserving Peace & quietness amongst us. I humbly submit the whole to your Lordship & most earnestly desire your paternal advice & instructions. I am, my Lord, your Lordship's most dutiful & most obedient Servant, THOs DAWSON. M'. COM' DAWSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. July 9, 1757. MY LORD, Since my Letter, writ this morning, an advertisement consisting of the I221 Canon, with the following remark in M' Brunskill's own hand writing, was sent me, several copies of which, he had just put up at his churches & other public places. I221 Canon. No Sentence of deprivation, &c. (N. B.) According to the above mentioned Canon, I look upon the letter of deprivation, brought up or said to be brought up, from our Gov' by M'. Josp* Blackwell to be a forgery otherwise a nullity. Notwithstanding the late proceedings, I am still lawful Minister of Hamilton Parish & shall continue to officiate as formerly. Given under my hand this 18th day of June, 1757. JN~. BRUNSKILL, JUN'. I communicated this to the Gov', who was greatly zoncerned, as he expressed himself, "at such an insult offered to authority & Gov';" & he imagines, it has been rather done by the advice of others, than his own act & deed, as the unhappy man is almost constantly drunk. His Honor desires his best respects, & intends very shortly to write to your Lordship. The Churchwardens & Gentlemen of the Vestry of S' Andrew's, Bruns 1757.J 454 wick, have also lodged an information, against the Revd Mr. George Purdie their Minister, & I expect they will shortly transmit a number of Depositions to Support their complaint. This present distracted & unsettled state of our Church & Clergy, matter no doubt of great joy & triumph to the Newlights, will, I humbly hope, induce your Lordship to take our case into your most Serious Consideration, & to favor us with such powers & directions as to your Lordship, shall seem most expedient & I earnestly wish & pray, that we may be able to keep up some appearance of Episcopacy & to maintain, the Honor of our order, the welfare & prosperity of our Church & the peace & quietness of our fellow subjects. I am, My Lord, Your Lordship's most dutiful Servant, THOMAS DAWSON. GOfR DINJVIDDIE to the BISHOP of LONDON. WILULIANISUR;H, Sept. 12h, 1757. My LORD, As I was in hopes soon to return to Britain I did not intend to trouble you till I had the honor of Paying my dutiful respects to you in person, but an affair relating to the Church & the College of WM & Mary obliges me to give you the trouble of this letter. In the month of April last a complaint was presented to me against the Revd M'. John Brunskill, minister of Hamilton Parish in the County of Prince William in this Iominion. The Complaint was supported by the Vestry & many of the Gentlemen of that Parish, for monstrous immoralities, Profane Swearing, Drunkenness & very immodest actions. I sent for your Commissary, the Revd M'. Tho' Dawson, to consult with on this affair, & as he acquainted me he had no commission from your Lordship, I was of'opinion he could not take recognizance of the complaint, & as M'. Brunskill appeared & was represented to be guilty of the most wicked & enormous crimes, I advised with the Council, what was to be done in this affair that made great noise in the country. They were all of opinion (except the Commissary, who when we 455 [1757. consulted together, was desirous of laying it before the Clergy), that he should be summoned to appear before the Gov' & Council, if possible he could clear himself from the many complaints, made against him & he had blank summons, to cite any evidence he had, to appear to his Character & Conduct & that he should, enjoy the exercise of his ministerial Function till the complaint against him should be heard. The hearing was ordered the third Thursday of May last, the Vestry & others concerned in the Complaint against him were also ordered to attend to prove the matters complained of against M'. Brunskill. On the 19 of May, M'. Brunskill, the Vestry & other complainants appeared agreeable to their Summons, being afraid that if the complaint was proved, it would throw many reflections on the Clergy, it was therefore proposed to shut the door of the Council room, but M'. Brunskill said No, he would vindicate himself Publicly on the Trial, which was conducted with great impartiality & every thing was proved in a much more heinous manner than what was in tie Original complaint which greatly surprized the Council and myself; even the evidences he brought to his Character were strong against him. The determination was referred to next day, when I gave!in a Copy of my 81"' Instruction from his Majesty. Which, I think, was formied in case the Bishop of London had not sent a commission to his Commissary for a Spiritual Court on such complaints. And it was the opinion of the Council, that by that instruction I was empowered to remove any minister of so Scandalous a life & conver,,ilPn as the sd Brnnskill, & they further advised me to remove & deprive!;': said Brunskill, from officiating as a minister in any Chh in this Dominion i. iclh I accordingly put in force & doubt not will meet with your Lordship's p)probation, when no other method was found to Punish a person almost guilty of every sin except murder & this last, he had very near perpetrated on his own wife, by tying her up by the legs to the Bed Post, & cutting her in a cruel manner by knives, & guilty of so many indecencies, that modesty forbids my troubling you with a detail of. This trial and Sentence is much resented by two or three hot headed inconsiderate Clergymen, who have endeavoured to exasperate others & have with ill manners, thrown out many reflections on the Council and myself in a private manner. Notwithstanding, this was the constant method of proceeding in Commissary Blair's time as appears upon our Journals even when the King's Patent to Bishop Gibson & the Bishop's Commission to M'. Blair were both recorded here & 1757.] 456 the Governor and Council as Judges of the General Court have by an express Law, Cognizance of all Causes Ecclesiastical or Civil. The Visitors of the College and indeed the Country in general have for many years been greatly dissatisfied with the behaviour of the Professor of Philosophy & the Master of the Grammar School, not only on account of Intemperance & Irregularity laid to their Charge, but also because they had married and contrary to all rule of seats of learning kept their wives, children. & servants in college which must occasion much confusion and disturbance, and the Visitors having often express'd their disapprobation of their families remaining in college, about a year ago they removed them into Town and since that time, as if they had a mind to shew their contempt of the Visitors, they have lived much at home, and negligently attended their duty in College. In a meeting therefore on the 20h May last there was a complaint laid before them of their neglect of duty and immoral conduct, being often drunk, and very bad examples to the students, on which it was ordered that the President should write to your Lordship to be so kind as to recommend and send over two proper persons in their room. The Professor of Philosophy declared his intentions of going home which prevented a strict enquiry into his conduct. He goes home in this ileet, which is happy for the College and this Country, for he is a warm, turbulent lPerson and I fear has been the chief promoter of all the disturbances lately here. A few of the Clergy applied to your commissary for a convocation of the whole clergy without giving any good reasons for such meeting'. entirely agreed with him on the refusal for the following reasons. lhat I conceived they would create divisions & animosities in the Country, propogate intestine feuds at this time when we were surrounded with inveterate enemies, & that it was improper in this hot season of the year to call a covilocatiton of the clergy some of them ulpwards of 2oo miles from this & lastly, if lie called them together on such trilling occasions, it's probable they would be backward in meeting on atfairs of greater consequence. The Commissary not agreeing to this application of I think, only 4 of the Clergy, they took it into their heads that they could desire a meeting of themselves. On the 21' day of August, I thought it absolutely necessary to issue a proclamation for a general tast to be kept on Wednesday the 7"' of Sept' to implore the Almighty to forg'ive our manifold sins & iniquities, relief from our Calamities & the D)ivine blessing on his Majesty's Arms by Sea & Land. On the 9th of Aug' 11 of the Clergy, advertized in our Gazette, their desire of the rest 457 [~757. of the Clergy in this Dominion to meet at Willm'burgh by the 31' of August, the week before the above fast, & if they had met, many of them could not have attended their Churches on that Solemn occasion & very few the preceding Sunday to give public Notice of the Sd Fast & to exhort their several Congregations to a devout, and religious observance of it, which was also part of the proclamation. At the time appointed there were only 9 appeared in Town, four of which were professors in the College, notwithstanding 2 of that body had rid about the Country, and taken incredible pains by notorious falsehoods to inveigle as many as possible into their Cabal; Does not this conduct my Lord, appear in direct contempt of Gov' & the above proclamation, & is not such a secret conventicle in order to raise disturbance & animosity in the Country inconsistent with the Canons of our Church? I know my Power & my duty in such cases, but being afraid of raising divisions & quarrels among the People, I choose to leave it to your Lordship in hopes you will please give them a proper rebuke & admonition to be more respectful to the Powers & orders of Gov' otherwise it may be of bad consequence. The just regard I have for the Established Church, the prosperity of College & the good of this Colony occasions you the trouble of this long letter. Upon this, the Professors of the College took it in their heIds to make resentment against the president of the College, your Commissary, using him with much ill manners & when the poor Gentleman was sick & weak, lie having been much afflicted with the fever & ague this Summer, they have refused him any assistance in his ministerial duty & indeed for tle last 6 months, not one of them, have come to Church (the place where the Society always attend on Sundlays & holydays), which was ever esteemed part of their duty, in order to see, that tle Scholars behaved well, nay they have quite ruined this Seminary of Learning the people declaring lthey will not setnd tlleir children to the College till there is a new Set of Prl'ofssors & many of them have already sent their children to Philadelphia for Education which is 300 miles fromt this, & attended with double the Clarges for education, as that of the College of V"' & Mary. Their resentment against the Com- & President is without any just foundation from his repeated charges to them to be regular in their conduct & diligent in the discharge of their duty. In Justice to M'. Dawson y)our Comln I must assure your Lordship there is not a Clergyman in this Country of a more upright life, or any that discharge their duty with more care and exactness. lis Example & Conversation is agreeable to his Professions & is esteemed by the 1757.3 458 Clergy & people in general, this upstart violent party excepted, & if they should by the Professor, who it is said is to be their agent & to do great matters at home, be so unjust to him as to represent him otherwise to your Lordship I beg you'll suspend your opinion, till I have the Honor to see you, which I expect will be soon. There is a young Gentleman called Rob' Read, goes home with this fleet for sacred orders as he is well recommended to me, I desire to recommend him to your Lordship. I remain your Lordship's most obd' & very humble Servant, ROBT DINWIDDIE. REPORT of the Lords Commissioners for His Majesty's disallowance of several acts passed in Virginia in 1753, 1755 and 1758, relating to the Clergy. WHITElALL, July 4t, 1751-7 TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MAJESTY, In obedience to the order of the Lords of your Majesty's most Honourable privy council, dated the 14 of May last,'we have had under our consideration a Memorial of your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects the Clergy of the Colony of Virginia, complaining of an Act lately passed in that Colony, whereby their Salaries hitherto paid in Tobacco, are now to be discharged at about half their value, in a paper currency of no intrinsic worth of itself, and of no value at all out of the said Colony of Virginia, and humbly praying for such relief and redress as your Majesty in your great wisdom and goodness shall think lit. As a matlter so nearly affccting the welfare of the Clergy of Virginia ap. pear'd to us to be proper for the consideration of the lord Ilishop of Iondon, we thought it expedient in the first place to transmit to his Lordship a copy of the said Memorial, and of the act therein complained of; and we beg leave humbly to lay before your Majesty the annex'd copy of the Letter in which 459 ['757. his Lordship has been pleased to favor us with his sentiments upon the said Complaint. We have since been attended by M'. Paris, Solicitor for the Reverend M'. Camm, the agent appointed by the General Convention of the Clergy of Virginia in support of this Memorial, and M'. Abercrombie, agent for the said Colony, in defence of the said Act, and having heard what each party had to offer, we beg leave humbly to represent to your Majesty That in the year 1749 when the Legislature of Virginia revised and form'd a new body of Laws, an act was passed entituled An Act for the Support of the Clergy and for the regular collecting the parish Levies, whereby all former Laws, relative to provision for the Clergy were repealed, and it was enacted, that every Minister, then already preferred or thereafter to be preferred to any benefice should receive an annual Salary of Sixteen thousand pounds of Tobbacco, and Casks with an allowance of 4 per cent. for shrinkage, to be levied, assess'd, collected and paid in the manner therein directed. This act being properly passed with a clause suspending its execution till the 10o' of June, 1751 (by which time your Majesty's pleasure might be known upon it), received your Majesty's Royal allowance and ratification, whereby it became a firm and absolute Law, which according to the directions of the 16'h article of your Majesty's Instructions to your Governor of Virginia, ought not to be repealed or altered by any subsequent act unless the execution of such act be suspended till it shall have received your Majesty's approbation. It appears however, that the said act, since its ratification in 1751, has been either partially repealed for particular parts of the Colony or occasionally set aside throughout the whole Colony, in the four following;nstances: By an act passed in De)cember, 1753, each of the Ministers in the two parishes of Frederick and Augusta is to be paid in money and at the annual rate of One hundred pounds Virginia currency. By an act in June, 1755, the Justices of the two Counties of Princess Anne and Norfolk are annually to settle a price on T'obacco, not under ten shillings per hundred, and all persons chargeablhe with Tl'olbacco for public dues in those counties are to discharge the samne in money at such fixed price, )By another more general act passed in the same year entitled an art to enaUe the Inhabitants of this C(lony to discharg4 their Tobacco dues in money for this present y'ar, all persons from whom any Tobacco was due by any means whatsoever, were to pay the same either in Tobacco according to the 1757.1] 46o directions of another act therein referred to, or else in money at the rate of Sixteen shillings and eight pence per hundred at the option of the payer. This was a temporary Law to continue in force for the space of ten months and no longer. And lastly by the act in question pass'd in October last, and entituled an act to enable the Inhabitants of this 'Gdony, to discharge the Public dlues, officer's fees and other Tobacco debts in money, for the ensuiutr ),'ar, upon a surmise only that the crop might prove deficient, the like provisions are enacted as in the act last above mentioned. It is alleged on behalf of the Clergy that by these several acts their condition is rendered distressful and uncertain. That after a laborious performance of their function in parishes very populous and extensive they are deprived of that maintenance which they conceived to be secured to them by the said Law confirmed by your Majesty, and are put upon a footing so unjust, that if on the one hand, Tobacco is plenty and the price low, they are to take the tobacco in kind, but if in other years the price is better, then they are obliged to take their salary in money (and that paper currency), at a value to be )put on Tobacco by the Vestry or the Justices who are the persons that owe and are to pay the greatest part of the same. Upon the whole, therefore, as the several acts above mentioned not only appear to be very unjust in their principles and effects, but as they have been passed in direct contradiction to the said article of your Majesty's Instructions to set asidle for a time throuthout the Colony or to repeal forever in particular parts of it, a Law ratified by your Majesty; we are humlbly of opinion, that your Majesty shlould be graciously pleased to declare your Royal disallowance of the said acts passed in I)ecelnlber, 1755 and ()ctober, 1758, and b)l an Instruction to your G;ovcrnor of Virginia to command and require hint for the future stictly to observe and obey the several directions contained in the said 16' article of your Majesty's Instructions to him. Which is most humbly submitted, D)UNK IIAuFAX, JAME'S OswALD, T, P1.:I.IAM, W. t., AMITu:roN. 461 [1759. FULHAM, the 14' June, 1759. My LORDS, I have considered the act from Virginia referred to me. It seems to me to be the work of Men conscious to themselves that they were doing wrong, for tho' it is very well known, that the intention of the act is to abridge the maintenance of the Clergy, yet the Framers of the act have studiously avoided naming them, or properly describing them throughout the act; so that it may be doubted, whether in a legal construction they are included or no. But to take the act as they meant it, and as everybody understands it, we must consider first by what authority the assembly acted in passing such a Law, and in the next place, how consistent the provisions of the said act are with Justice and Equity. The subject matter of this act, as far as the Clergy are concerned, was settled before by act of Assembly, which act had the Royal assent, and confirmation, and could not be repealed by a less power than made it, and to make an act to suspend the operations of the Royal Act, is an attempt which in some times would have been called Treason, and I. do not know any otler name for it in our I.aw. If they had brought in an act of relpeal, to take place from the time they could obtain the King's assent to the said act of repeal, they would been blameless; but to assume a power to bind the King's hands, and to say how far his plower shall go, and where it shall stop, is such an act of Supremacy as is inconsistent with the D)ignity of the Crown of England, and manifestly tends to draw the people of the plantations from their allegIiance to the King when theIy find that they havIe a higher power to protect them. Wh\\ ther or nI such an rf t'ft has Ileen pl)duced I know not, but surely it is time to look about us, and to consider thle several steps lately taken to the diminution of the prero(,ative and influicnce of the Crown. - Lately taken, I say, because within a very few years plast Virginia was a very orderly and well regulated colony, and lived in submission to the power set over them. They were all members of the Church of Eng;ltnd and no l)issenters aming them, the Clergy were respected and well used by the Iople, butt thse ldays are over, and they seem to have nothing more at I leart than to lessen tIle intllutnce of tlhe Crown and d the aiinten;Il c'e of the' Clr'gy biioth which ends will be effecttally served by the act now undtlr colsideration.ll k It was not till the year 1748 that this spirit began to shew itsetlf; at which 1759-1 462 time an act of assembly passed by which the patronage of all the livings in the Colony were taken from the Crown and given to the Vestry in the several parishes, and yet this act received the Royal assent. Upon what inducements I know not; but it was observable, that the assembly did not care to attack the rights of the Crown and the Clergy at the same time, and therefore in the same act of 1748, there is the strongest confirmation of the Clergy's right to their full proportion of Tobacco, without any diminution whatsoever, which provision was meant to silence the comiilaints of the Clergy against the other part of the act, and reason they had to complain, when instead of the Royal authority, they were put under the power of the Vestry, and made subject to the humours of the people. That no good was finally intended to the Clergy is manifest from hence that no sooner were they in possession of the patronages, but they wanted also to be absolute Masters of the maintenance of the Clergy, in which attempt they,roceededlt warily, and endeavor:ed to bring in their Scliiheme by degree, al cortlinigly in the y'tar (One thous;andil seven hlundred and lifty live the Clergy of the two Counties of Priinccss Ann and Norfolk were deprived of their Tobacco, and forced to accelpt a comlpensation in money very much to their loss. The same year produced a General act, but a Temporary one, and was followed by a very extraordinary resolution of the Council. The case was this: The Assembly had passed the act; when it came to the Governor for his consent, he boggled at it, and for his own Security, thought proper to advise with the Council, that is with the very persons who had been the promoters of it; he tells them that he apprehended it interfered with a Law confirmed by His Majesty in regard to the allowance provided by the Clergy. There the case is fully stated. It is admitted, that the maintenance of the Clergy had the King's confirmation, and that the Governor was by his instructions restrained from altering it; but it seems the act confirmed by the King appointed 16,ooo lbs. of Tobacco to each Man; the act upon which their advice was asked took no notice of the quantum of Tobacco allowed to the Clergy, but made it subject to a composition in money, which was to be rated by the very persons who were liable to the payment of the whole. Upon this circumstance the Council give their Judgment, and dc'/ar, i was the ohitni tS i,' e Board, /dt/ /his l'l//l was not r,ut/radic/<hy t, htal Law, in ias imuch ats i /9' no means /cIssned /t yh, an/iit, t/' Y,T/ac'o, a//ta h/w ' the C/7'y, but otly asert, Il/ Mhe / ricc theire'of to be baid in mtnty ' a/r I due's, ais r,/i 463 [1760. to officers as the Clergy. This declaration is a formal judgment in the case stated between the authority of the Crown and the power of the Assembly, and subjected the Laws Established by the Royal assent to be altered, corrected or suspended by a vote of the Assembly. The Lieutenant Governor wanted something of an excuse for what he was strongly inclined to do, and a very sad one they furnished him with. What made him so zealous in this cause I pretend not to Judge; but surely the great change which manifestly appears in the temper and disposition of the people of this Colony in the compass of a few years deserves highly to be considered and the more so as the Deputy Governors and the Council seemed to act in concert with the people, to lend their authority to support their unreasonable demands, and one would think upon consideration of some late transactions there, that the Deputy Governors thought themselves obliged, upon their first entrance to make a present to the Vestreys of the Maintenance of the Clergy, the Jt risliction of the lli.shop, and the Supreml'acy and Rights of the Crown. As to the want of Justice and lEquity shewed in this Bill to the Clergy, the case is too plain to admit of any reflections upon it; and if the Crown does not, or cannot support itself in so plain a case as is before us, it would be in vain for the Clergy to plead the act confirmed by the King, for their right must stand or fall with the authority of the Crown. I am, My Lords, Your most obedient and humble Servant, (Signed) THO. LONDON. M1. ROBINSON to the BISHOP of YOmK RiVA, VIRGINIA, Nov', 20h, 1760. MY Lo]R, I return you my most sincere thanks for the favor and countenance you was pleased to shew to the Rev" M'. John Cammn (the Clergy's agent) and the caus e h went to solicit, viz: Hlis Majesty's disallowance of certain acts past 176]o, 464 here; which the Clergy in Convention thought, threatened the Establishment of the Church of England in Virginia, with a general alteration or total subversion. M'. Camm (having successfully finished his agency), arrived at Hampton in Virginia in June last, where he staid to refresh himself about a week, with his friend the Reverend M'. Warrington, Williamsburg (the place of the Governour's residence), being about forty miles distant. On the 27th Mr Camm, M'. Warrington and myself waited upon the Governour. M'. Camm told His Honor he had papers for him, which he thought his duty to deliver, and acco-dingly delivered to him, the order of his Majesty's Privy Council and his Majesty's further Instructions; then the following dialogue ensued,-Governor. " Were these papers deliver'd to you open? Camm. Yes, Sir. Governor. In whose possession have they been in all this time? Camm. In mine, Sir. Governor. I shall write to the Board of Trade, and Lords of Council to enquire about these things. Camm. Your Honor may do as you please. Governor. I am well acquainted with the calumnies you have thrown on me. Camm. I am willing to face your Honor's Informers. Governor. I am above board and quarrel with people to their face. Camm. Your Honor never quarrelled with me to my face before, and I do not come to quarrel with your Honor now. Governor. You thought proper to visit Mr. Warrington before you waited on me. Camm. Put I escaped no better treatment from you. Governor. You are very Ignorant or very impudent, take which alternative you please. You are a foolish Negotiator; and I order you never to enter my doors again." We were going to withdraw. Governor. " Stay-Westmore (speaking to one of his white Servants), call my Negroes, call all my Negroes." Two Negro men appeared, then he called for a Negro Boy who, likewise came. " Here (says he), look at him, look at him (pointing at M'. Camm); that you may know him again. If ever he should come to ask for me suffer him not to enter my doors." The Governor thro' the whole, in Countenance, words and Gesture shewed himself to be in a most violent passion. M'. Camm bore his treatment with the greatest patience. This reception, my Lord, was premeditated for he had declared'his intention to some before M'. Camm's arrival, who endeavoured to dissuade him from it telling him that lperhaps he might come in Commissary; he replied, he would treat him in that manner, if he came in Archbishop. 465 [i76o. My Lord, I send you two pamphlets both printed here, and received with great applause, which sufficiently shew to what a pitch of insolence many are arrived at, not only against our most worthy diocesan and the Clergy, but likewise against his Majesty's most Honorable Privy Council. Such dispositions to ferment and encourage disaffection to the Church and Clergy, if suffered to proceed may at a Crisis, bring about such a change in our religion, as may alter the Constitution of the State. My Lord, the cause of our Complaint was, an act passed here on the 12th of October, I758, entitled an act to enable the Inhabitants of this Colony to discharge the public dues and officers' fees and other Tobacco debts in money for the ensuing year, and all persons in the Colony from whom any Tobacco is due by any ways or means whatsoever, are to pay the same either in Tobacco or else in money at the rate of 6s 8da per cwt. at the option of the payer. By this act the condition of the Clergy is rendered most distressful, various and uncertain, and deprives us of that maintenance which was enacted for us by his Majesty in the year 1748. By that act every minister then already preferred or thereafter to be preferred to any parish, should have received an annual Salary of 16,ooo lbs. of Tobacco. The Clergy conceive that an Act having the Royal assent thereto becomes a firm and absolute Law, not within the power of the Assembly of Virginia of themselves to break through, repeal or alter. But they found their mistake in the above mentioned Act, passed by the Assembly in 1758, in manifest opposition to the Act in 1748, which had his Majesty's assent thereto, contrary to his Royal Instructions to his Governor, contrary to common Justice, and to the great discouragement, loss and injury of the Clergy of this Colony. My Lord, this was done upon a surmise that the crop might prove short. It is true the Crop was short. But it was the best Crop that was ever made in Virginia, which I thus prove. The common Crops of late Years are about 50,000ooo hogsheads of Tobacco a year, the price from 12s to 18s per hundred according to the quality of the Tobacco. The parson's Tobacco is always of the meanest quality. In the year 1758 when the Act complained of was made, the Crop was 24,500, which is half a Crop one year with another. The price was then from 45 to 50s per cwt. which will net near one third more Cash than any Crop that was ever made. I made as good a Crop that year on my Estate as I ever made, and sold it at 50s per cwt. 1760.] 466 The cause of the short Crop was want of plants, but those who had few or none did not let their ground lay uncultivated, they planted it in Corn or pease, which always turned to good account. This, my Lord, is the real truth; what reasons then have these pamphleteers to represent it as a year of general distress? Truly none that I know of, but to put the best face they can on an unrighteous action. They talk much of Landlords and Tenants, as if Gentlemen rented out their Estates here, as they do in England, which is far from truth, those who have lands keep them in their own hands, unless they have more a great deal than they have negroes to work them, and even it, that case, there are very few in comparison that rent. I must beg your Lordship's patience while I take notice, of a few passages, out of a great many in M'. Bland's Letter, wherein he has deviated much from the truth. Page 8, from, " I take it for granted," to " riotous behaviour," are insinuations void of truth. The Clergy were convened together in the most public and regular manner on the day appointed, there appeared to the best of my remembrance, 35, there might be at that time 6o in all the Country. They were all unanimous in sending M'. Camm, as their agent to England, except M'. WV" Webb, who has since been promoted by the Visitors to the Grammar Master's place in the College. Now I conceive, my Lord, that those who absent themselves after much public Notice, given, do it voluntarily, and therefore do thereby devolve their votes upon those who are present and every act of the major part of the present in all such meetings, is the act of the whole. My Lord, I was present the whole convention, and I do with the greatest truth assure your Lordship, I know of no such alrocious and riotous behaviour, and I am surprised at his mentioning the Clemency of the administration in not punishing, when in fact no such behaviour appeared in the convention. The whole paragraph is false, and malicious. Page the 6'". He says " I dare venture to appeal to yourselves whether from the frequent declarations of many members of that assembly, you have not had reason to expect an establishment more to your satisfaction, than that Which you at present enjoy." He dares venture to say any thing. But, my Lord, I know no reason that we had to expect an alteration in our favour. And as to the petition he mentions, it was the act of one Clergyman only, who desired tho King's Attorney here, to draw him up a petition, and present 467 [I760. it to the House of Burgesses for an augmentation to the Livings. He has set down the petition at large; which certainly is a notable performance for a King's Attorney. Page the 7", he says, "This petition was indeed rejected by the Burgesses, because as they have been just forced into an expensive and dangerous war, they thought it a very improper Season to take a matter which would bring an additional Tax upon the people, under their consideration. This many of you know to be the reason your petition did not meet with a more favorable reception." My Lord, I am very certain that not six Clergymen, no nor the Commissary himself, tho' on the spot, knew any thing at all of the petition until it was rejected: and as for the reason M'. Bland assigns for the reception it met with, he knows it to be false. The assembly were well acquainted that it was not the petition of the Clergy, but only the act of one, in conjunction with some Laymen whom the petition discovers to be none of their best friends. Page the 7th. M'. Bland says, "It was a year in which dearth and scarcity took such hold of the Land that the general assembly were obliged to issue money from the public funds to keep the people from Starving." One would imagine that, the dearth and scarcity was universal when in fact it was no such thing, but confined to one or two Counties on James River, and that entirely owing to their fault. For I well remember that many of the Burgesses were against relieving them, for this reason, they bind their whole force in making Tobacco and neglect planting a sufficient quantity of Corn, so that, unless the Season be extremely favorable they never make enough. Page 8th. Shews how he treats the Royal Prerogative. In the s'me page he allows the Royal Instructions ought to be obeyed, and nothing but the most pressing necessity can justify any person for infringing them. I have shewn above there was no such necessity, the Crop that Year producing near one third more than any Crop before. He insinuates as if the Clergy would be glad to have their Salaries fixed in money; which is another untruth, for they had much rather have them as they are out of the Staple of the Country, which they can send to England and have returns in what they please; whereas if they were to receive money and that paper Currency which is of no value out of the Colony, they would be obliged to buy all their necessaries here, which would be at least 50 pr cent. dearer than we coull import them from England, which would render the condition of the Clergy most distress. 1760.] 468 ful, after a painful and laborious performance of their function in parishes very wide and extensive, the greater number of them being 40 or 50, some a great many miles more in length, and possessed by numerous Inhabitants; the Number of Tithables in some parishes amount to 3000. My Lord, I can make it appear that if the Clergy should, which God forbid, be obliged to receive their Salaries in paper Currency or indeed, in any thing but the produce of the Country a Curacy of /2o in Englatnd would be much more eligible. My Lord, I could point out many more notorious misrepresentations in those pamphlets, but I fear 1 have done enough already to tire your Lordship, I shall therefore take my leave of Mr. Bland, in his own words what effrontery must he be master of, who has advanced such palpable untruths? and what name does he deserve, who has dared to publish Inventions of his own against plain matters of fact. Truly a name so abhor'd, that it finds not room in Civil conversation. It might be asked, what the Clergy had done to deserve such treatment? Truly nothing that I know of, unless Standing up in defence of their own property when invaded, and applying to the Supreme power for redress, be Crimes. My Lord, I believe the Clergy here to be, in general, a peaceable, quiet, worthy, set of men. We are told, that our last and greatest offence, is never to be forgiven; I mean our presuming to apply to His Majesty for redress. I have been secretly informed, by one of his Majesty's Council, that the Legislature here, intend to make a New Tobacco Law, or such alterations in the old one, as will tend much to the disadvantage of the Clergy. This is our deplorable situation. In perils from without, and I wish I had not cause to say in perils from a false Brother. I mean our Commissary, M'. Dawson. Had he acted as becomes the Bishop's Commissary, I am well persuaded none of these disorders would have happened, but, my Lord, he is a meer Tool. His dependance is so great on the College, being president and great ones here being Visitors, that they make him act as they please not only as president, but as SCommissary too. On M'. Camm's arrival he waited on him to desire he would call a convention in order to acquaint the Clergy what he had done for them as their agent, but he put him off for several day)s and at last refused to call one. 'lhern is at this time great necessity for tlhe Clergy's meeting. The assem ~469 [176o. bly is just broke up, and I understand by the authority above mentioned that they have sent a remonstrance to their agent, to be presented to the King's Counsel, to grant the Order, procured by M'. Camm, in behalf of the Clergy, set aside; and to have power to make what Temporary Laws they please, which I hope will never be granted them, because I think it may be productive of very bad consequences. This, together with their intention of altering tile Tobacco Law in prejudice of the Clergy, certainly calls aloud for a convention; but we have not the least intimation of these things from our Commissary. He is afraid I For why? I'll tell you, my Lord, He is a very immoral man. At a late Visitation of the College, he was accused, by two of the Visitors, of being a drunkard, of going to his parish Church in Williamsburgh drunk. I have seen him so intoxicated by 9 o'clock in the morning as to be incapable of doing business, he was likewise accused of seldom or ever attending College Prayers, of being much addicted to playing at Cards, and that in public Houses. All these accusations he was obliged to acknowledge to be true, there being witnesses ready to prove them. The Visitors insisted on his making these acknowledgments in writing and giving them at the same time and in the same manner, the strongest assurances of his future good behaviour, which he accordingly did, and was continued president. But I am credibly informed he goes on in the old way. He is as Bishop's Commissary, of his Majesty's Council and consequently one of the Judges of the Supreme Court here. I have been told, by one who has the Honor to set on the same Bench, that he frequently falls asleep on the Bench, which he attributes to the effects of Liquor. In short he is despised by all, and I believe is continued president only as a fit instrument for designing men. His presidentship being 20oo per annum, but liable to be deprived of it when the Visitors please, makes him afraid to act as Commissary. My Lord, I do not say these things out of spite, envy or malice to any one. I bless God, I have an Independant, tho' not a large Fortune. I desire no other Title or preferment than what I am already possessed of, viz: a parish priest of the Church of England; and as such, I cannot stand still, and behold such a piece of Treachery as this without complaint; and the reason of my making it to you, my Lord, is in hopes you will communicate it to my Lord of London our most worthy Diocesan, who I lhope las power sulficient to aliord us redress, and by so doingil' my,ord, you will bl in some i masure thl Iistriumitcnt of supporting the ftalling state of the Church of J-Ihglandl in 1761.] 470 Virginia, which that you may effect. May it please God to add many years to your life, and during the course of them, to preserve you in health and safety. This is the earnest wish and prayer of, My Lord, your Lordship's most obliged & obed' Servant, W" ROBINSON. M1. FAUtUIER to the Reverend Doctor NICHOLLS. WILLIAMSBURGII, July 29'h, 1761. REv* SIR, I have received your favor by the Hands of the Reverend M'. Robinson and as I am an all occasions a freespoken man I cannot help declaring that I was in great hopes that his Lordship of London would for the sake of peace have pitch'd upon some Gentleman who had not rendered himself so exceptionable to the Colony in General as M'. Robinson has done, to succeed the late M'. Dawson as his Commissary here. But since his Lordship did think proper to run the risque of Widening the unhappy breach by making choice of a person who most certainly, tho' as he avers, most undesignedly has insulted me by which he has offended the Colony who did not think I had merited such treatment from any man in it since my arrival among them; He could not have done it in a more obliging manner than that he has taken; which I hope will have the desired effect of procuring peace, a thing I have long most ardently wished to have seen established in the Colony. I must do M'. Robinson the Justice to acknowledge that when he first came to me he executed the Charge given him by his Lordship in the handsomest manner, offering his services with great sincerity and cordiality desiring my friendship and declaring that if he had offended me he was very sorry for it and asked my pardon. After some observations and remonstrances on his former behaviour I got up and took him by the hand (a constant Token of good will in this Country which I had purposely omitted when he first entered my House), and told him this was all any Gentleman could do or could be asked of him and that as a private man I was fully satisfied and he should find so by my Con 471 [1761. duct, But that I stood here in a public Character charged with the support of the Dignity of His Majesty's Crown and the authority of his Government and on that account some thing more was necessary. That it was notorious to all the Colony that he had treated me injuriously and therefore it became necessary that the Colony should know that his Majesty's Lieutenant Governor had received reparation for his injured Honor: That I would not make the affair too public but that I should insist on his making the same Declaration before two or three friends whom I would ask to meet him at Dinner the next day for that purpose and named the Honorable John Blair president, the Honorable Robert Carter a member of his Majesty's Council and Peyton Randolph, Esquire, his Majesty's Attorney General, all Gentlemen who acted under his Majesty's Sign-manuel and whose Duty it consequently was to support his Majesty's authority. In this proposal he readily acquiesced; the terms were even agreed on, which he himself proposed, and promised to make use of, and he accordingly dined with me; But now the Tone was altered. Ile had in the interval seen M'. Camm whose Delight as I before mentioned to the Bishop is to raise a Flame and to live in it. Whether M'. Camm influenced him or not God and they only know, but he could not be brought to make use of the words proposed by himself the Day before and he thought it more honorable to evade than to ask pardon. When I found I could not prevail I left the room saying that if he desired my Friendship he knew upon what terms he might have it, and I would say no more about it myself, but leave it entirely to the Gentlemen then present. The point was this: when M'. Camm brought me his majesty's Instruction and Order in Council for the Repeal of the Acts ten months after their Date and live months after Copies of them had been sent in to his friends in the shameful manner I have in a former Letter related to his Lordship; M'. Robinson attended him and made an Affidavit before the mayor of his having seen the papers delivered to me; As if I were Villain enough to secrete or deny the receipt of my master's Orders! This he would not be brought to own was an insult or a Cause of offence tho' I told him I would excuse him as to the intention, supposing it might be done inadvertently. The Gentlemen's reasoning had no more weight with him than my own, and after sometime a message was brought me by the Attorney that M'. Robinson was willing to say that, if any part of his former behaviour had offended me he was heartily sorry for it and would promise that 1761.] 472 I should have no cause to be offended with his conduct for the future. I asked M'. Attorney what he thought himself. He answered he could not say much for it, but for the sake of the Colony he wished peace was made. Upon which, to shew my strong inclinations for peace, I immediately went into the Room and accepted of the recantation, tho' far short of what M'. Robinson himself had given me reason to expect from him. We shook hands and drank to the continuance of Peace and Harmony in the Colony. Things being thus in a fair way of being accommodated I hope I may congratulate the Bishop of London and yourself on the Eve of an approaching Harmony among us: and I assure you in the most serious manner and authorize you to assure the Bishop in my name that all my resentments to M'. Robinson for his Behaviour shall be buried in oblivion from this Day; and that I shall on all occasions co-operate with him towards the promoting true Christian Religion, Universal Benevolence, Love and Charity, and I promise that it shall be his own fault if he does not possess the same share of my confidence and Esteem which the late worthy Commissar)y enjoyed. I sincerely wish that I may have a man of as much Candor to transact Business with, and then I trust that peace and harmony will reign between the Clergy and the rest of the Colony as also between your Lordship's Commissary and, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant, FRAN. FAUQUIER. P. S.-I thought it adviseable to trouble you with this long history which I sincerely hope will be the last I shall ever have occasion to write of this nature and that it may be so I hope you will be so good as to excuse me to the Bishop for giving this honest and well meant piece of advice (viz:), that his Lordship would be kind enough to direct his Commissary to break off Connections with M'. Camm who now winds him about his finger just as he pleases, for M'. Camm is a man of such a Head, but such a Heart, that it is utterly impossible to continue long on Terms of Amity with him or any one influenced by or connected with him whenever he is disposed to work mischief. F. F. 473 [1763. M'. ROBINSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. My LORD, I return you my most humble thanks for appointing of me to be your Commissary, In which office I esteem it my duty and shall make it my endeavour to conduct myself to your satisfaction. That I may be the more able to do this I am constrained to beg a fresh favour of your Lordship, which is your recommendation to have me made one of His Majesty's Council here when there is a vacancy. My predecessors have all been honored with this place. I solicit it at the request of many of the clergy, who look upon your Commissary's holding it as a provision & security against any secret steps which may otherwise be taken to distress the Clergy & thereby ruin the interests of religion as well as oppress subjects, very strongly & faithfully attached to the present Establishment both in Church and State. I wrote a long letter concerning the College which tho' directed to your predecessor has no doubt come into your hands. I have nothing to add on this subject: but that the College under the new Masters is in the very same situation as it was under the old ones, that the Youth are at present very disorderly in their behaviour, that when the Masters would reform them by a proper Discipline they are told by the President of an order still subsi.,ting in the book kept by the Visitors, which it seems is always to destroy the authority of the printed statutes, that this order empowers the President & Masters to proceed in the way of correction so far as to admonish any offending boy twice, & for the third offence, to refer him for a trial before the Visitors, between him and the masters six months or a year or two years after the commission of the fact as it may happen. I think that if an authentic copy of the book kept by the visitors could be sent home by virtue of an order from England, there would want nothing else to shew the reasons why the College does not answer the end of its institution, & finally that if the College was really put under the care of the Bishop of London or the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury who have been alternately Chancellors of it since its foundation when there is a Chancellor, there being none at this time,-If, I say, either of these Prelates had the appointment of the President & masters & was enabled to protect them in their duty, it might be hoped that the College might become an instrument in such hands of diffusing Learning, Morality, Religion & all due respect to those who 60 I763.] 474 have the authority over that part of his Majesty's dominions as well as over the Mother Country. I have received instructions from one of your learned & worthy predecessors to cultivate the friendship & endeavour to obtain the patronage of the Lieutenant Governor. In consequence of which I have made him a tender of my services & beg'd his protection, & am very careful not to give him any just cause of offence, but I am convinced, that to expect any favour from him toward the Clergy would be to deceive myself & for me to say I do when I do not would be imposing upon your Lordship. I beg leave on this head to trouble your Lordship.vith a detail of particulars which will shew that I do not speak this without foundation & I hope so to conduct myself in giving this account as to satisfy your Lordship that I am not drawn aside from the right path either by a slavish fear on the one hand or by a blind affection on the other. On occasion of an act of Assembly's being under debate to lay the axe to the root of the Church of England here, by making the incomes of the Clergy an unmerciful mutilation of two thirds of their value for one year & by getting a precedent for rendering them liable to this or a worse defalcation any other year at pleasure, after a fruitless application to the Speaker of the House of Burgesses, & also to the upper house of Assembly, for such of the Clergy as were in the way to be heard upon the bill, depending by themselves on their council, I went with the late Commissary and M'. Camm to see what could be done with his Honor the Lieutenant Governor, When all we could get from him was, that just or unjust, contrary to his instructions or not contrary to his instructions, were points not to be considered; but the sole point to be considered was how he should please the people. On my preaching a charity sermon at Williamsburg, by Appointment, & dining by invitation with the Governor, His Honor told me that I had preach'd away his charity, and expressed himself very much disgusted at the sermon the offensive part of which was entirely taken from one of. Dr. Sherlock's on a like occasion. He did not content himself with this but wrote a letter to such of the Clergy as were then met, to condemn their very innocent design of raising by their own subscriptions & the liberality of well disposed persons a small fund for the relief of such Clergymen's widows & orphans as were or might be in distress, & in his letter treated the proposal of the Clergy as a matter of an offensive nature which interfered with the statute of mortmain. 475 [1763, I expect your Lordship has received a copy of this letter of the Governor's from M'. Warrington, who is Secretary to the Convention of the Clergy, and keeps all such original papers. If I find he has not sent it I will take care to have it transmitted to your Lordship by the first opportunity. At another time his Honor was pleased to give me the lie at his own table which could not but much astonish one, who had given him no provocation, much less reason for such outrageous behaviour. When M'. Camm who was entrusted with the complaint of the Clergy respecting the Act above mentioned had been favoured with success in England, & had written to his Agent here to acquaint his Parish with what the King & his most Honble the Privy Council had been pleased to do & to give them time to consider whether they would stand suit or pay the demand in dispute, they did not resolve to stand suit till the House of Burgesses had come to the following resolution: WEDNESDAY, Novr 14, 1759. Upon a motion made, Ordered, "that it be an instruction to the committee of correspondence to direct the agent for this country, that if any Appeal should be carried from hence to England, relative to the Act intitled An Act to enable the inhabitants of this Colony to discharge their public dues, officers' fees & other tobacco debts in money, for the ensuing year, to use his own endeavours & and to employ proper Council to support the proceedings of the Vestries of this Colony acting under the authority of the said Law." About this time the Governor told the Council who are also members of the general or supreme Court here: "Now you see this business of the Clergy must come into your Court where you may keep it as long as you please." This order I have copied from the Printed Journals of the House of Burgesses and these words of the Governor's I have from one of the Council, who was present and heard him pronounce them. It is observable, that the order is pointed directly at the Clergy by the insertion of the word Vestries, the Assembly undertaking to support their unjust Act against none but them. The consequence of which was that the Merchants who had been damaged by the act (it dissolving private contracts as well as public ones), have recovered what was unjustly detained from them, by them who had taken the benefit of the Act, without being at the trouble of a suit, the Contractors with the Mer 1763.] 476 chants not thinking it worth while to contend any longer. So that the Clergy enjoy the satisfaction of having been the means of justice to others though they have not been able to obtain it for themselves. When M'. Camm arrived here Mr. Warrington & I went with him to the Governor's to deliver the Royal order & disallowance of the Act above mentioned & the additional instructions sign'd by his late Majesty. When M'. Camm had delivered the papers the Governor fell into a violent rage, accused N'. Camm of having told lies of him in lngland, of having done more honour to MR. \arrington than the Governor by calling on his arrival at M'. Warrington's before he came to the Palace, told I'. Camrom he would teach him better manners, &c., &c. I'. Caomm made answer that his Honour was misinformed and that he should be glad to be brought face to face with his accusers to answer to any charge that should be brought against him. On which the Governor roared out that he would appear with him nowhere. The Governor shew'd him the door & bad him come there no more. M'. Camm obey'd and retired but before he had descended the steps was commanded to stop. He halted accordingly, & the Governor bawled out for "Westmore." Westmore one of his servants appeared. The Governor cried out to him, "Call all my negroes, call all my negroes," in great wrath & perturbation. The Negroes came. When His Honour thus was pleased to address himself to them: "Look at this gentleman," pointing to i'. Camm, "look at him that you may know him again & if he ever attempt to come hither do not suffer him to enter my gates." After this command to the negroes M'. Camm & the rest of us were permitted to depart. There was something peculiar in this last indignity, for it is the greatest affront that can be put upon a free man here to give orders concerning him to the slaves, it is what a white servant would not endure with any patience. The least retlection might have told the Governor, that there was no impropriety in M'. Camm's calling at Mr. Warrington's door. He had near forty miles to the palace. He was come off a long sea voyage, and was in no very good state of health, had a horse at least to prepare for his journey & was with the Governor in a week after his landing. Hi s waiting on the Governor a day or two sooner or later was of no sort of consequence. And it appeared soon after that there was no real ground of offence in this part of M'. Camm's behaviour even in the estimation of the Governor. For another Clergyman who came in the same fleet & arrived at the same time & had letters for the Governor waited on him about a fortnight later than M'. Camm, 477 [1763. & to the surprise of the Governor's friends received no reprimand or ill treatment on that account. I have never heard any thing alleged in justification of this proceeding by the Governor's advocates but that it was an affront to him for M'. Camm to carry witnesses with him. Admitting that M'. Warrington and I attended him under this character, we think it must appear to every unprejudiced person, all things considered, a very prudent measure in M'. Camm to carry evidence of the delivery of the papers as well as of the Governor's and his own behaviour thereupon. While we were talking thle same day with thle late Commissary at his house, the Governor bolted into the Room and fell into a rage with M'. Camin, calling him a foolish negociator and telling that he had done nothing, had done nothing at all, with great heat & vehemence. MA. Camm coolly told the Governor that lie had done all hlie could; that as he had not done enough to satisfy his Honor hlie wished he had been able to do more, and then turning to the Commissary and telling him that the Governor he found was not in fit temper to be talked with and that he would wait upon him (the Commissary), as to the Business he was come about another time left the room. M'. Camm had messages after this from the Governor, one by a negro slave, another by a friend of Mr'. Camm's that notwithstanding he was forbid the palace, if he had any business with the Governor he might write. To which Mr. Camm returned no answer but only said to the Messengers it was very well. In consequence of the Royal order & disallowance respecting the four acts complained of, a proclamation was presently issued, in which the Governor added the word repeal, that word not being in the royal order & disallowance. From hence it camine noised all over, that the Clergy had obtained nothing but a common repeal which had respect only to the future, that is as the Act had already expired, had no respect to anything & would no way serve them in receiving one harthing of what had been taken from them. At a meeting of the trustees & subscribers to the fund for relieving Clergymen's widows & orphans, in April, 1761, thle Governor went to invite them to dine at the Palace, with the exception by name of MA. Canimi, M'. Warrington & myself. The consequence of which was that none of them dined with him but the Minister of the Parish. At another meeting in April, 1762, The Governor sent again for the same end and with the like exception of Mr. Camm & M'. Warrington, & the Clergy returned by the same Messenger an Apology to this purpose, that they were met as a society and did not choose to separate, & therefore hoped his Honor would excuse their not waiting upon 1763.1 478 him at this time. Once before these two meetings, when M'. Camm was in England, The Governor had sent an invitation to the members of this Society with an exception of their Treasur r or presiding Member. This first affront in the garb of favour the Society overlooked, & dined with his Honour, leaving their Chairman behind them, but they dropped this passive behaviour so far as to refuse accepting this new kind of invitation, When they found it might become a publick brand of disgrace to be fixed upon every one of the Society around in their turn, as they might happen to fall under the displeasure of the Governor either by his own misconstruction of their behaviour or the misrepresentations of others. The Governor has warned several young Clergymen as they waited upon him aifter their return from receiving orders, not to keep company with M'. Carmm, Which has had the success it ought to have \Vith free subjects, who look on M'. Camm as one who had incurred odium by going on the errant of the Clergy & discharging his trust faithfully. On the news of my being appointed Commissary by the late Bishop of London, D'. Sherlock, the Governor looked upon himself as ill treated in the Bishop's appointing one of tile four to whom he had objection, & when I waited upon him in persuance of my instruction from the Bishop to make him a tender of my. services, & beg his protection, He said I could expect no favour from him except I renounced the friendship & acquaintance of M'. Camm, that the Best of my relations meaning the Speaker of the House of Burgesses would join with him in advising me to this measure, that the memorial to the board of trade was stuffed full of d---- lies, that M'. Camm had brought witnesses with him to the Governor, that he was a clever man with a bad head & a worse heart, that the Bishop was a clever man but he had no better opinion of him than of Mr. Camm, &c. I made some offers to justify the proceedings lie condemned but soon found it was to no purpose to talk to him upon this subject. I therefore endeavoured to waive it & desired there might be no more said of it. I assured him that I never had design'dly given him any offetnce, & if I had given him any I asked his lpardon. iUpmi this after some timlni he smclied to le pacified & invited met to dine with him tlih next day, In the evenilngI 1 foundl it rlmnlioured over the town, that I was to ask partdon of the (Gtovrnor ior my past conduct blmore witnesses, froiml whence I concludled hli hal takcen advamita1,~' ol the uniiguaredil words I hadi used'I as albove to set abouIt thki rnpoirl, h1tit whit siurpiriimdl mei much mnitr was it filnd th;at lhe 479 [1763. actually proceded the next day as if there had been a punctual agreement between him & me for this purpose. There were several gentlemen dined with us & after dinner, he applied to me to ask whether this was not a proper time. Upon which I got up & taking him aside told him that I found by a report in town & what he had then uttered, that he had much mistaken me the day before. He cried hastily, "Well, well," and bringing me back to the company said before them, "I am not difficult to be pleased; whatever will satisfy these gentlemen shall satisfy me," & so left us together. The gentlemen then entered upon their parts & endeavoured to persuade me to ask the Governor's pardon, enlarged upon the good it would produce, &c. I answered that if they could point out any transaction between the Governor & me, which I did not still approve of as to my part in it, I would ask pardon in the most publick manner, otherwise not at all, that there was more reason for his asking my pardon than vice versa, inasmuch as he had without provocation given me the lie in that very place, but that I desired not to rip up old sores or foment any new quarrels, being willing if possible to live in peace with the Governor, And thus the affair ended, after some altercation & one of the company's owning, that if the matter was as I said, I did all that could be expected from me. Notwithstanding this it was well propagated through the Colony that I had asked pardon of the Governor for my past conduct, in order I suppose to destroy my character, intimidate the Clergy, & shew them they were to expect no protector in me. Whether my relation, the Speaker, would have advised me as the Governor said he would I know not. I will not do him the dishonour to ask him, but I have learned to leave Father & Mother on a just occasion. M'. White a clergyman here who sued for his income as it stood before the Act disallowed by the Crown finding that his adversaries & the people in general laid a great stress upon the word repeal in the Governor's proclamation, drew up lately an humble petition to his Honor for an authenticated copy of the royal order & disallowance. This petititon signed by M'. White & several other Clergymanci I deliverid, as it halppmnil, when tile Governor was just settilg out on a journey & dii not i'itend to return( ori some (lays, IeI stop'd his chariot to retad the Pletition, & hit answe r to lIc wis, that in his private opinion the disaillow.mce was nothin^ but a conmonnu rp(;l, however lie would do nothing to lobstruct thll or liniry mIn h,1 i ofl juitic & therefore If I wuilmi sltil i;t slch a titme, I sh iil hiav tih ',opi, n lsi"'l, I.iumint acuo(rliilly, Ibut 176.1 1 48o inftead( of mnding in, thei' prorired copy hC e 1nent word that hei would irnd the.iilltil 1 isnsllJw) lanc(T It04l hy 1i1n ST IVI'taIIY (to tilt ( Coit o(f K1%lu1 W illliam Countt y (on t il day ol ' tr ial, I aott nidIi t the 1tr114 & III# tilo s1wIng I st r with ttih 1)apsi. Itherein nntioneld, weire dslivsrerd to thile Corit by thie (oviernor'm Ssecrsusry: W I1 I ANt,,t nilt? Aig"l 17"1s 7 2, Having been applied to by the Rev" M'. Alhx, White for an authentic. ated copy of the order of the Council for the repeal )f the law passed in the year 1758 rclating to the payment of the I )ues to the Clergy & the officers of the Colony, I thought it would give more satisfaction & prevent cavils if I sent up the order itself as delivered to me by the Rev" M'. Camm, for the original order of his Majesty in Council to repeal that & several other Laws passed before that time concerning the Clergy. And that I might do impartial justice & give you gentlemen upon the Bench & those who shall compose the Jury the fullest information I am able upon this affair, I have sent up another order in council for the repeal of another Law, by which the Court & Jury will be better judges of the terms used in the repealing all Laws in the Plantations, and 1 have also, sent the preamble of his Majesty's 17"' Instruction to his Governors by which the Court will be better able to form a true judgment of the sentiments the British Ministry entertain of the force of laws passed in his Majesty's Colonies. M'. Walter Lewis, my secretary, attends your court with these papers, with orders from me to produce all or such of them as may be called for & to bring them back to me. I am, Gentlemen, Your very humble S', FRANCIS FAUQUIER. To the Yudge & other 7ustices of the Court of King William. It might be expected that the Governor would express himself cautiously in this letter, which was to be & has been put upon record, from whence I have my Copy, Yet he still affects to call the disallowance a repeal, to parallel it with common Repeals, & under the pretence of hinting the opinion of the' British Ministry concerning the power of the Governor & assembly to pass laws in opposition to laws confirmed by the King & carry them into effect be 4841 L foro thi, Kliigm pthlesu ro enti 1we rPlifi('d there, pinlnly renough I 'think in1ir0ub atie II owii opklltioh or ralllier h r mlllnll. Thh, 1 Court tolok the 111 b('I'lI t mli r t11 's I1t, voiu tv s frllt ir l,(' tf1( ii 'tly iis (r.it the llr (t wn 4, 1o! I tlh, evl( l & la ll ntvl JudgY. h-I. llir mln vd to dirct fhl, Jory 1) brilnI. InI r 04l10chi v fllct & re,.rv, the pI411t ()I' hAw 1101r 1hlmsllvei t\'H, V th 1y `r1144,1 to do thil. h'lh y stihi th- J11ry w1-1 11 111li to judl. f the nim ttler wi thrmn-ll vett, Thhy t(ld thli' Jutry thi Ir (Iph iio n i this plilit. 'lih y inlsit(,, on thi Vahlidity,of thi act iln que+stin nll with tulin h, r dyal lialhwa e. Th' y urg: l tall;t if the (,uvr1'iotr at any tilile traii;girt-,sýit his instruiction.i in pas'ing an Act, he mIlight ble puinislhed by the King, but the siffeirers by the Act coiuld lie entitled to no redress. That though the Act should contradict Acts confirmed by the King, it must stand good for every thing (lone before the KIing's pleasure be signified by Proclamation. These motives they pretended to derive from what is allowed in the Preambles to the King's orders sent to the Court by the Governor. To these Preambles, they were pleased to give the name of Charter. In short, instead of directing the Jury to bring a special verdict, they did as good as direct them to bring in a general verdict for the defendant which after withdrawing a few minutes they performed accordingly. It answered no purpose either with the Court or Jury to argue that there was no similitude in the cases between building a light IHouse upo:, Cape Henry, in which nothing had been done before the repeal of the Act, & the instance of withholding the dues of the Clergy before the King's pleasure was known & in opposition to an Act confirmed by him which could not be denied to remain in force from its being passed to the present moment; that the two contrary Acts could not be in force at once; that there was a manifest difference between the wording of the D)isallowance & any Repeal, by the omission of this very term; that the use of a term so significative made as much distinction between two instruments of writing as the addition of any expression could have done; that if the Act had been passed for more than one year it might Ihave been more plausibly urged that the disallowance was intended only in regard to the subsequent year, or years, but as the case stood with this temporary Act, there was no medium but either the Act or the Disallowance must be altogether a nullity. It was to no purpose to urge such arg~uments as these, least of all could the Court or Jury take any notice of a number of demonstrations of the flagrant injustice of the Act. For just or unjust it seems is a point not yet to be considered. Therd were many fit & able persons in the Jury first 1763.] 482 summoned in this cause who refused to appear & suffered themselves to be fined, Others made excuses which were admitted, the Jury consisted at last of ordinary planters some of whom we found after had declared beforehand what they would do. It appeared upon the oath of a substantial Merchant (M'. Hiumphrey Hill), one of M'. White's neighbours, that he purchased tobacco at the rate of fifty shillings a hundred that year, when the Assembly endeavoured to restrain the Clergy to sixteen shillings & eightpence a hundred for their tobacco, that is just one third of the price. Iie also averred that he had a letter from a considerable Merchant in England, whereby it appeared that the tobacco that year shipped into England from Virginia amtounted to thirty five thousand hogsheads, VWhich if true the Clergy were entitled to little more than a thirtieth pIart of that scarce crop, & that scarcl' cropl was imore profitaIble to. the Colotthy than any other Crop since its tirst settletientt. It almears by other corroborating evidences that if lM'. \VWhite had received his dues that year in tobacco he might have sold it at 50 shillings a hundred. The Court were moved to permit the evidences to be recorded, but this they refused, so M'. White's miscarriage in the cause seems to have been partly owing to the prevailing timidity of those who had probity enough not to act against their consciences but too much fear of disobliging some of their superiors to act at all, & partly to the unwillingness of the Court that he should even be put in a way to obttain justice by this trial. This cause goes by appeal to the general Court, Where we are told it and M'. Camm's will be tried next April. If they be & the Supreme Court here should copy the example of the inferior Court in not suffering us to make the damages we have sustained appear, I fear we shall be obliged to apply for relief to the most H-on"" Privy Council, to request that they will either permit us to prove our damages before them, which may be done by the testimony of London Merchants, or else that they will send orders for the Court here to take and transmit depositions in the matter which I am informed has been done already in other cases where there has been attempts to evade letting the damages appear. Now my Lord, when I reflect on the treatment that the Clergy have met with, I can well enough account for the Conduct of all concerned, but the Lieutenant Governor, from interested motives. They have divided amongst them about 15 thousand pounds sterling of right belonging to the Clergy, & they are very loath to refund. This they call putting the Act in execution which they lay great stress upon. Whereas it cannot properly be said to have 483 [1763. been put in execution, because the Clergy have disputed its validity from before the time of its passing to the present moment, & would receive no money in consequence of it, but as in part payment of their just & legal dues. Nor will the people's being obliged at last to pay the remainder be attended by any other inconvenience than their paying what they should have paid long ago, during which interval they have had the use of this money. What should make the King's Governor after passing an Act, not inadvertently (as he says in a printed speech of his passing some acts), but knowing it to be contrary to his instructions; knowing it contrary to the most evident principles of justice; contrary to an act confirined by the crownl, only to please somei unreasonable people who wanted to destroy the Elstablishument of the Clergy here, -W-hat should make him still shew a zeal for the validity of an Act so distressful to the Clergy, after the disapprobation of tlhe late King obtained, & under so humane & pious a King as we are blessed with at present, is to me an unaccountable Mystery. We were in hopes that he would at least now stand neuter & let the matter take its course without interfereing on one side or the other. He must know that this and the other disallowed acts are built on a power not assumed before by the Assembly; on a power which they had lately preferred a Petition for, that was rejected by the King & Council; on a power that it is pretended would be useful on very extraordinary occasions, but we see has been & would be applied on ordinary ones, & would indeed answer no other end but that of enabling some subjects to defraud & tyrannize over others, it being in its own nature & experienced tendency equally detrimental to the property of the subject & the rights of the Crown. And yet my Lord the Governor's continued and irremovable attachment to one of the parties in this dispute is too visible. When he affirms & violently insists upon it & will have so if possible, that M'. Camm has done nothing, He must be supposed to intend that the King & Privy Council have done nothing. For M'. Camm did all that could be expected from him in succeeding so far on the humble prayer of the Clergy as to have the matter argued before the King's Council whether anything had come of it or not. When he treats the Disallowance as a common Repeal that could not operate against anything past before its publication here, he goes further than he is warranted to by the disallowance. When he intimates his opinion to the Court concerning the Validity of the Act for one year, that is for all validity that the framers of it ever had in view or could be disposed to desire, he encourages all Courts to be 1763-1 484 have accordingly, & when he proposes to the general Court to keep with them the causes of the Clergy that come hither as long as they please, he discovers an unconquerable inclination to hinder the Clergy from coming at Justice by any means whatsoever. The two very forward apoligisers, who have each of them published a scurrilous pamphlet here to abuse the Clergy & exculpate the Governor, among many other things, some false & some impertinent, have prematurely endeavoured to wipe off the suspicion of being influenced by pecuniary motives from the Governor. Their words are as follow: IHe has had no temptation to do anything more than what was his duty to his king & the country he is set over would naturally lead a good man to do; he is incapable of acting through mercenary motives, so that no one has cared to attempt even the common compliment that has been paid to former Governors.-Let/cr to the Lord B-p of L-n. It would never have entered I believe into the head of any of the Clergy to enquire whether the governor could possibly have any pecuniary motives or not had not the thought been put into there by these hot headed & zealous encomiasts. And they may thank themselves for what I am going to mention to your Lordship, in which I shall only relate facts without my opinion on the point which these (Gentllmen have been pleased unnecessarily to draw into debate. It is as remarkable as it is well known here that the Governor has been presented with a thousand pounds by the House of Burgesses, since the publication of the above mentioned pamphlets, at the motion of one of the authors (Bland). It is observable that Governor Dinwiddie's present was five hundred pounds given according to the journals of the House in these words. Upon a motion madeResolved, Nem. Con. That the sum of five hundred pounds be given to the Honourable Robert Dinwiddie, Esq', & that he be desired to accept the same as a grateful Acknowledgment for his regard to the interest & welfare of this colony. Governor Fauquier's Present was a thousand pounds conferred in the following terms. On a motion madeResolved, That the sum of ~1ooo be paid by the treasurer out of the publick money in his hands to the Honb'e Francis Fauquier, Esq', as a grateful acknowledgment from this House for his prudent conduct & unwearied assiduity 485 D[763. in the managements of the publick affairs, to the honour of his Majesty & the interest of this colony.-7our., Mon. April 6'^, 1761. It is farther observable, that these presents are not given with the air of a common compliment to help towards paying the passage of a new Governor into this Colony, as they are sometimes affected to be call'd, but for certain services performed. There are persons here, perhaps they may endeavour to have the same arguments used in England, that would needs persuade us it is expedient for the Clergy to give up their demands for this once for peace sake. Under this smooth appearance is concealed much mischief. This is the delusive plea of a people who had rather dwell upon anything foreign than touch at all on the merits of the cause, & who mean nothing less than peace, except it can consist with confirmed insult from one of the parties to the other, who would have the Clergy in a worse condition than that of being maintained by voluntary contribution, inasmuch as the whole body might & could be frequently fined & cut short of their dues for a pique taken perhaps at one or two. Were the Clergy to miscarry in the present dispute & not recover their dues at last, they would soon be told by the very samen peace)able people, Now you have complained upon the most palpable oppression, & under the greatest encouragements & hopes of success imaginable & have failed. You must be convinced that you are left to depend solely on the Governor & Assembly to be treated by them intirely as they shall think proper. The King and his council can or will do nothing for you but add to your misery,...... by putting you to a great deal of unprofitable trouble & expence. This would be but too prevailing with an indigent Clergy not able to bear the repeated expences of applying to law; & their adversaries might be encouraged to use them ill with security, as plainly discerning that they would engage in no more complaints at least with any vigour. But I hope such notions as these will never be permitted to take root in the Colony. Sometimes our adversaries will make a more open attack & venture to say that we should not have succeeded so far as we have but by the arts of misrepresentation. If this were true what do the Clergy aim at, but to give their enemies an opportunity of detecting & exposing their mistakes & falsehoods. Why do not both sides join to have the cause with an authentic account of such damages as can be proved fully & expeditiously carried to the Privy Council for a final determination. Why are resources of a different 1763.] 486 kind sought after, nay brag'd of, not to confront but to elude the payment of the demands made by the Clergy. The Privy Council ought to be esteemed by both sides as impartial as they are able judges. Notwithstanding what some pretended friends talk of peace as above, & would have us to buy it by giving up a legal establishment to become dependants upon them or rather mere servants to the House of Burgesses to be ranked with their doorkeepers for bread. I know many who are convinced that we have been basely used & would be glad to see us enjoy what belongs to us and thereby be effectually restored to our rights, and I have the comfort to believe that our success would contribute more than our failure to a general and lasting Quiet & satisfaction. I should have swelled this letter to a more enormous length had I been willing to insert things which I think I have sufficient reason to believe, tho' not so well ascertained of the truth, as of what I have mentioned, I beg leave to assure your Lordship that I have no pleasure in remarking or rehearsing the slips of my superiors. I am heartily sorry for the occasion, & should have been much better satisfied to have found an opportunity of applauding that conduct. But the necessity of letting your Lordship into a true state of things here, especially considering my present circumstances, will I hope excuse both the tediousness & the matter of the recital. I am, My Lord, your obedient Son & Servant, W" ROBINSON. P. S.-If your Lordship should happen to be unacquainted with the Act so often mentioned, & what has been done concerning it, I beg leave to refer you to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury & the Revd Dr. Nicholls, to whom the Clergy of Virginia are under obligations never to be forgotten for their generous favour & assistance. 487 [1763. The humble Petition of the Convention of the Clergy of the Church of England settled in his Majesty's Colony and Do minion of Virginia. Sheweth, That by acts of Assembly passed in the said province in the Year 1749, & since ratified and confirmed by his Majesty's most gracious order in Council, his Majesty departed with his right & prerogative so far, as to leave the election of the Ministers in Virginia to the choice of the Vestrys of the several parishes. And, on the other hand, the people enacted that every Minister then already preferred or thereafter to be preferred to any Benefice, should receive, an annual salary of 1600oo pounds of tobacco, and Casks, with an allowance of 4 per cent for shrinkage. That the said Act was to take effect in June, 1751, & having been ratified & confirmed by his Majesty, was not capable of being repealed, by any lesser Authority than that which had established the same. Notwithstanding which within the short space of about seven years, the Assembly in Virginia have in four several instances, pretended to set up their own power, to repeal his Majesty's acts, & have passed pretended Acts of their's repealing that which was so established by his Majesty without any colour of Law for the same & in a most illegal manner, in contempt of his Majesty's undoubted prerogative, in disobediance to the plainest and fullest Royal instructions, & to the unjust deprivation, of your Petitioners of that Allowance so provided for them & which they, had faithfully and painfully earned in their Vocations. And in two of the said pretended acts, the said Assembly, in order to render their Acts absolute to deprive your Petitioners of their salarys already due have enacted that the Acts shall take place immediately, without any suspending clause, and shall continue in force only for io or 12 months, so that they must expire before his Majesty can conveniently have an opportunity to consider the same. That by these acts the allowances for the Clergy are reduced and taken away, to the half or more to their exceeding great loss, who are not able to support themselves, under so grievous, so unjust, & so ruinous a measure. That your petitioners by their most humble address to his Majesty and by 1763.] 488 their application made to the Lords Commissioners of Trade & Plantations have earnestly sought for full and adequate relief against this intolerable grievance, and more particularly, that his Majesty might be advised to declare these pretended Acts of the Assembly repealing his Majesty's Acts, to be meer nullitys & void in their original creation as your Petitioners humbly conceive the same are in point of law. And the said Lords Commissioners by their representation of the 4 of July instant, have reporttd their opinion that his Majesty may he graciously pleased to dcohire his disallomwance of those Virginia Acts & by additional instruction command his (ov' for the future to observe his Majesty's 16' Instruction to him. But have not mentioned any recommendation to declare those Acts null and void in their creation. That the Assembly there desire no more, than that their Acts should remain in force until disallowed, by which means they can go on from year to year (as they have done, & strip your Petitioners of their Property, by repeated temporary Acts of this sort, until such time as his Majesty shall be graciously pleased to declare, that Acts of the Governor, Council and Assembly only, pretending to repeal or controul other Acts, ratified by the crown, are absolutely null and void in their creation. And the Courts of justice there after the example of their Assembly will be ready to allow these pretended Acts, & to consider them as good laws, until the time of their Disallowance, to the total ruin of your Petitioners, who must either, submit to such opinion, of the Courts there, & thereby lose two thirds of their year's stipend sued for, or else appeal home to his Majesty for justice at an expence very far beyond their poor abilities. And which must be the course from one year to another, as often as ever the Assembly shall think fit to pass these most unjust Acts. Wherefore your Petitioners most humbly beseech your Lordships as well for the support of his Majesty's undoubted prerogative, as of your petitioners' property, that your Lordships will be pleased to report to his Majesty, as your opinion, that the said pretended Acts are null and void in their original creation, & had no force or Authority at the time of making the same or otherwise, that your Lordships will be pleased to permit your Petitioners to be heard before you by their Council thereon, And your Petitioners shall ever pray, &c., JOHN CAMM, Agent appointed by the general convention of the Clergy in Virginia. 489 [1764. M' ROBINSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. YoRK RIVER, VIRGINIA, Aug 17, 1764. MY IiORi Slaving had the honour to he anppointed by three of your predecessors In the see, I presume to act as the Bishop of London's Commissary until your Lordship's pleasure shall be known: and the rather because I conceive myself obliged in duty to say something of a cause, which will soon come before the Privy Council, by the appeal of M'. Camm, in which the whole body of the Clergy in this Colony are most deeply concerned. In the year 1758, on occasion of some unseasonable weather an Act of Assembly was passed to Compel the Clergy to take about one third of the value in paper money, instead of the tobacco allotted them by an Act which had obtained the Royal assent. In the first mentioned act not only those who should happen to be sufferors, in consequence of the said unseasonable weather which hurt the young tobacco plants, were to be relieved at the expence of the Clergy; but any that pleased were permitted to rank themselves among the number of the distressed and relieve themselves accordingly. And not only the wealthiest persons in the Colony, but even those who besides being rich, raised as good crops as usual and sold them at a very advanced rate both that year and the year following, took the benefit of the Act and granted themselves the indulgence thereby allowed, not being ashamed to receive great advantage both ways, both by means of the Act built upon supposed Calamity, and also by means of that calamity itself which though it could be no more than particular, is maintained to be general in manifest opposition to eason and common sense. For nothing is better known than that a crop of tobacco, rendered small by such accidents as that of the weather, though it may hurt some, that is hinder them from reaping so much advantage that year as in many other years, yet is advantage to the Colony in general: because on such occasions the price of tobacco for the present year and a year or two following.commonly rises higher, than in proportion to the decrease of the quantity. It is to be observed, that when this oppressive Act was passed the services of the year had already been performed by the Clergy, that the tobacco due 61 1764.1 490 to them had been levied by the Vestry, for some of them, in consequence of the Act which had obtained the Royal Assent, that the tobacco which makes their annual allowance, was afterwards, as far as I can find, levied for the rest of them by the Vestry, this point not having been provided for by the subsequent occasional Act. And we think that an act of Assembly might as well have force to divest us of what is actually in our possession as of what has become our property tho' not in our possession. There being no difference in the two things that we can discern, but that the one is to be perhaps performed with less trouble, and under somewhat more specious pretetnces than the other. While the Act was depending before the Legislature in the form of a Bill, a few of the Clergy of whom I was one, made some ineffectual attempts to be heard upon it by the lower and upper houses of Assembly. And afterwards applied to the Lieutenant Governor, to request his negative to be put upon an act, which we alleged was contrary to reason and justice, and to his Honour's instructions in as much as it contradicted an Act which had received the Royal Assent and contained no suspending clause. His Honour was pleased to reply that just or unjust, contrary or not contrary to his instructions, were points not to be considered, but the sole point to be considered by Him was what would please the people, that is, as we understood it, what would please the friends and promoters of the Act in the two Houses of Assembly. M'. Camm was sent to England by the Clergy as soon after as possible, with their complaint against the Act. By the favour of his Grace the Arch Bishop of Canterbury, ever attentive to the true interest of the Church, the petition of the Clergy here was presented to his late Majesty, referred to the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, and by them to I'. Sherlock then Bishop of London, and on their report the cause had a full hearing before the most HonI' the Privy Council. After eighteen months' absence M. Camm returned, with an additional instruction to the Governor and a Royal disallowance of the Act in question & a few other acts of the like kind & informed the Clergy, that it was the opinion of the most Honourable the Privy Council that the Act was originally null in itself by reason of its manifest injustice, setting aside all disputes about authority, that it could not be deemed a law by any Court of judicature whatever, and that if it had been then before them in a proper course of law they should have adjudged it to be no law. 491 [1764. Upon which encouragement the Clergy at a great expence, considering how poor many of them are, have continued the dispute ever since. I was one who accompanied M'. Camm when he delivered the additional Instruction & Royal Disallowance to the Governor. On receiving these papers his Honour flew into a very indecent & violent passion, and suffered himself to be transported by it beyond measure, charging M', Camm with want of respect to the Governor for having stopped when he landed at a Clergyman's house, and staid a few days, to refresh himself after crossing the Atlantick (which had put him into a bad State of Health), before he entered on a journey of about forty miles to the Palace, as if that was paying more respect to a Clergyman than to a Governor; accusing him of having told lies of the Governor in England and refusing at M'. Camm's request to explain himself on this head & finally, calling with great vociferation for his Negroes and telling them when assembled with his finger pointed at AM. Camm's face, to look at that Gentleman and be sure to know him again, and commanding them if ever he should approach the gates of the Palace not to permit him to enter them. I have been treated in like manner by the Governor at different times. He has given me the lie in his own house, has told me at his own table on occasion of my preaching a Charity Sermon, that I had almost preached away his Charity. I was also present when he told several Clergymen that the Clergy were well enough in their own sphere but when they turned politicians they were arrant fools, giving for an instance of it, that they had sent a complaint to the board of trade, of which was ny Lord Halifax his particular friend who had procured him the Government, which contained an insinuation to the prejudice of that nobleman, which M'. Camm's account of the very humane reception he met with from him intirely refutes. After all this, on my being appointed the Bishop of London's Commissary by D'. Sherlock, and required by him to be on good terms with the Governor, I in obedience to the Bishop's command waited on his Honour and endeavoured to pay him all possible respect. In the course of which I said, that if I had in any thing contrary to my design and intention, given him offence I was ready to ask his pardon. This he seemed pleased with, and asked me to dine with him the next day which I readily promised. The same evening it was brought to my ears, as a report current in the town of Williamsburg that I was to ask the Governor's pardon on the day following before several Gentle 1764.] 492 men who were to be present as evidence that I openly condemned all my former conduct. By which I found that the Governor designed to take advantage of the above words, by which I meant no more than that, if any impartial person (for I desired not to be a Judge in my own case), could point out wherein I had given just cause of offence I was ready to make satisfaction by asking pardon. In short I could not help seeing that the price set for my obtaining the Governor's favour was what would render me despicable in the eyes of every thinking man, foes as well as friends. When Dinner was over the next day, he got up and told me, he would leave me with the company who dined with us, four persons of the first distinction, here as if there had been a formal agreement between him & me for thsepurpose expressed in the above mentionted relport. I followed his I lonour and endeavoured in vain to come to some explanation. All I could get from him was that what would satisfy these Gentlemen would satisfy him. I was therefore left with the Gentlemen who taised me with arguments not fit in my opinion to be used with any man of Spirit and Integrity, or one who had a character to support, such as " that it would make all things easy," would be better for me in particular If I would ask the Governor's pardon before them. To which I answered that if they could point out any particular transaction or saying of mine, wherein I had given just cause of offence, I was willing to comply with what they desired, otherwise not. And when they did not pretend to be able to do this I was at last provoked to tell them that there was more occasion for the Governor's asking my pardon than for my asking his. For that he had given me the lie in the very room in which we were then left together. On which one of them had the spirit and honesty to agree, that if that was the case I was right in my refusal to do what rather belonged to his Honour. Thus the matter ended, & the Rupture, as some were pleased to term it, between the Governor and me, remained unhealed by the salutary measure intended to be artfully imposed. Since the just recited affair, I have had no quarrel with the Governor; except what follows may be reckoned one. Some Candidates for orders have first obtained a recommendation from the Governor and then applied to me to sign the same paper, which I am told the Governor insists has been the usual method of recommending for orders from this Colony. If this method was to be pursued, I plainly perceive, that I must either be in perpetual danger of giving offence to the Governor by objecting to Persons whose recom 493 [1764. mendation he had already signed; or else suffer my recommendation to become an insignificant matter of form. To avoid which disagreeable alternative, I declared that I would recommend whom I judge proper for the office they proposed to undertake, on a distinct paper, & would sign my own, not another person's recommendation, leaving to the Governor the like liberty. That I might act with proper caution and integrity in a point of so much consequence I published my resolution to recommend none but such as brought me a certificate from the Minister of the Parish, wherein they had resided for three years last past, that their intention to apply for 1 loly Orders had been published by him to his congregation agreable to the instructions of an Arch Bishop of Canterbury. One young man has been spirited up by some Gentlemen here to look on the demand that his intention should be published in the Church by the Minister of the Parish where he lived as an indignity offer'd him and has found means by the interest of these Gentlemen to obtain orders without my recommendation. This practice I think ought to be the rather discouraged; because I know it is sometimes a diversion to the Gentlemen here, to recommend improper persons for orders and laugh at the easiness of the Bishop in putting as they term it, any Body into orders. The same Gentlemen, not content with boasting that the Bishop's Commissary is no longer to be appointed one of his Majesty's council here, are also willing to have him set aside as to what immediately belongs to his office and rejoice to find that I have not yet been able to obtain one farthing of the Hundred a year allow'd by the Bounty of the Crown, nor a Power to call the Clergy together that I might be the better able to give your Lordships accounts from time to time of their present state and circumstances. The Governor, I am very well informed, has desired the minister of the Parish wherein he lives, to omit the Athanasian Creed, and on the Minister's refusal to comply with this request desired to be excused as to his own particular from paying any regard to that part of the Church service. The Governor has also required another Clergyman to suffer parents to stand as sureties for their own Children in Baptism and when the Minister urged, that he could not admit any thing so contrary to the laws of the Church, lie was told that these signified nothing, for he the Governor thought it right that parents should be sureties for their own children. These things, to say no more, are I apprehend out of the Governor's sphere. Before M'. Camm arrived from England, which was in the summer of the 1764.J 494 year 1760, He had written to his agent here an account of what had been done, in relation to the disputed Act in England and commissioned him to demand of his Vestry what had been withheld by virtue of the said Act, and in case of their refusal, after a proper time allowed them to consider the demand, to bring suit. The Vestry would come to no resolution till they were assured, thatthe expense of the suit should be defrayed by the publick. A resolution for which purpose was accordingly afterwards passed and entered on the journals of the House of Burgesses. It is remarkable that this resolution of the house relates only to the dispute between the Vestries and the Ministers of Parishes tho' it was well known at the time, that Merchants who had been deprived of the benefit of fair contracts by the same Act, and had complained of the Act, to the Lords of Trade and the Privy Council, as well as the Clergy intended to dispute its validity. This is the true reason why the dispute has been continued with respect to the Clergy and their Parishes and dropped in relation to the Merchants and their contractors: the latter giving up the benefit of the Act rather than risk the expence of a suit. And the Parishes for the same reason would have instantly submitted to the Royal disallowance, had they not been indulged by the House of Burgesses with the certain prospect of retaining what they had got for some time to come without the danger of losing any thing by the expence of Law. After the Governor had received the additional Instruction and the Royal Disallowance from the hands of M'. Camm, He issued a proclamation to repeal the several Acts disallowed, inserting the word Repeal, not to be found in the disallowance which served either to raise or confirm a notion that the disallowance was no more than a common repeal and could not take place but from the time of the Proclamation, that is, not till after the Act was expired, which Act being passed for one year only all its effects were over; there were no future ones to be disallowed, and therefore the disallowance instead of annulling the Act was a Nullity of itself and signified nothing. When the matter came lately before the General Court, this was much insisted on, & it was added that the disallowance could mean nothing but to prevent such Acts for the future not considering that the disallowance had no relation to this point which was provided for by the additional instruction. The King's Commission to Lord Loudon was brought to confront the instructions given by his Majesty to his Governors; and though the said Commission refer'd the Governors to their instructions it was argued that availed nothing 495 [1764. because the instructions were not inserted at large in the Commission: Copies of Charters not to be found, printed at the end of a History of Virginia written by a M'. Stith were produced and urged against the Clergy. It was even alledged that unless an Act passed by the Governor & Assembly, tho' ever so unjust, tho' opposite to the Governor's instructions and an Act passed with the Royal approbation, might stand for law, the subjects in Virginia or what they called the people of Virginia were not free, because the Governor & Assembly are the Legislature of the Country, as if they were not a subordinate but a supreme Legislature. And these Advocates were so honest as openly to declare, that if they could but establish the authority by which the Act was passed they should pay no regard to the injustice of the Act. The result was that their I lonors Corbin, Randolph, Lee & Carter, were of opinion that the Governor and Assembly had no right to pass such an Act. Their Honours Blair, Taylor, Bird, Thornton & Burwell, that the Act was valid till the King's pleasure was known here, that is to all the purposes to which it was ever, or could be supposed to extend. There are two more, besides those mentioned, of the Council here namely the IMr. Nelsons, who refused to give their opinion, alledging that they were Members of M'. Camm's Parish, and could not give their opinion as being parties. If there was not other sufficient proofs of their uprightness and tenderness in the point of not giving their opinion where they are parties this would be a very lame one. For the very Act on which the Question arose is of such a nature as to make them, and every person to be benefitted by it, a Judge in his own cause, by leaving it to himself whether he would chuse to be deemed a person in distress and entitled to relief at the expense of the Clergy or not, of which permission they as well as others of great fortunes, tho' without any imaginable reason, did not fail to take the advantage of being Judges in their own cause. After the judgment was given, his Honour the Governor was pleased before a numerous audience to get up and protest against suffering his instructions for the future to be canvassed in open Court which led some to think that this had been an indulgence granted to the Clergy, whereas they had desired nothing but to depend on the justice of their cause and the Royal disallowance, and to approve the judgment of the court, insisting largely tlat an Act of what nature soever, passed by the Governor and Assembly, tho' contrary to the Governor's instructions and to an Act which had the royal approbation must be law. The Governor only in such a case being account 1764.] 496 able to his Royal Master for the breach of his instructions. A doctrine, I conceive, as well as some others, above mentioned very new in this Colony, dangerous to the King's authority, and likely if not timely checked, to set the Assembly on teazing future Governors to break their instructions, whereby some partial point may be served of advantaging some and damaging others of his Majesty's subjects. Tho' the Clergy thus fell short of success with the Judges of the general Court, they had the satisfaction to find the generality of the bystanders, a much greater crowd than usual, convinced in their favour. The Clergy being aware, that all the quirks and chicaneries of law and niceties of proceedings at Law, with which they were unacquainted would be put in force against them, finding themselves restrained in the Choice of council, the Attorney General, and some others being unwilling to plead their cause, did not care to risk all upon one suit. And some of the larislhes on the other lhalnd would not agree to abide by thie is'late of tM. Canm's sulit, these two things were the cause that imlore suitit have been brought, which were all lbroughtn il the inferior Courts, This occasionedl a petition from some of the Clergy to the Governor praying a copy of the Royal D)isallowance. lie insisted on sending the original when wanted by his own Secretary. And tho' it was urged that the certain day when any of the clauses would be tried at the County Courts, could not well be told from the nature of law proceedings here, & the Governor's Secretary might have several long journies to no purpose, with several other arguments, the Governor could not be prevailed on by repeated requests to alter his resolution. Some of the Clergy accepted of the original Disallowance sent by the hands of the Governor's Secretary, to the Court. And others of them, finding that with the disallowance was also sent to the judges of the Courts a letter from the Governor, and preambles of instructions without the instructions themselves, contrived as they conceived to prejudice the Court against them, chose rather to depend on a copy of the the Disallowance preserved and sworn to by M'. Camm. There were manifest unfair proceedings and advantages taken of the Clergy in all these suits. M'. Warrington, also who was the first, had the success to have considerable Damages found for him by a Jury of his own Parishioners, & was prevented both from having greater damages, found and from having them fotndl generally by two of the Jury who were known to have a private Quarrel with their Minister. The Court hindered him from immediately coming at the damages by judging the Act to be law, in which it 497 [1764. is thought they were influenced more by the fear of giving offence to their Superiors, than by their own opinion of the reasonableness of the Act, they privately professing that they thought the Parson ought to have his right. In M'. White's Case the Court refused to meddle in the matter, and insisted on leaving the whole affair to the Jury, who delivered their verdict in saying " we bring in for the defendant," meaning no more thereby than that, As the Act in their opinion was law and the plaintiff had received the money prescribed by the Act he was fully satisfied for his demands, but as the opposite side had pleaded payment, and Mr. White's did not make the proper exceptions aiming only to stick honestly to the merits of the case; that Mr. White might be cut off from all farther recourse by appeal, it was entered on record not that he had received the money whiich the Act alloweid instead (if the tobaccot, but that he had received the tOlbaco itself, a knowin falsehood both contrary to what appearned inll Court & to tihe mind of Oie jury, Tlle' even'lt (of M'. NlMauy'n IcusI on I le samie il uestion was molr' e\(trordillaryy than eitlli'r of' thel' o f r lir r ought iln thle Iouity Co rtls. For here the Court adjudged the Act to be no law, But the jury, summoned afterwards on a writ of enquiry to settle the damages, tho' it was provel by unexceptionable evidence uncontradicted, that the tobacco for which the Plaintiff had been allowed i6s 8 a ihundred, was worth 50 shillings a ihundred, hal the effrontry to bring in one penny damages for the llaintiff. To this imprudent Verdict they were persuaded by the strange arguments of a young lawyer; who professed afterwards that lie had acted solely from desire of popularity. He was pleased to tell the Jury, that the use of the Clergy consisted only in their promoting obedience to civil sanctions; that for daring to complain of a just law passed by such a power as the Governor & Assembly, they ought to be severely punished; that lie hoped they would make an example of Maury in particular, as far as they could at present by giving him a penny damages, and that the King by taking upon him to disallow the Act of the Governor & Assembly had forfeited all right of obedience heretofore due from his subjects in Virginia. For all of which lie received no Check from the Court, nor has hitherto been taken notice of by any other power: tho' he pleaded before a numerous audience of magistrates & Assembly men & persons of all ranks in the Colony, some of whom did murmur at the time " treason! treason I " It is to be observed that Mr. Maury's Jury were a set of ignorant low-bred persons & seeimed picked for the purpose, being chiefly composed of such as 1764.] 498 are known here under the denomination of " new lights." And the several juries in these three causes were men of ordinary rank, not very fit for the business to which they were called, persons of better qualifications having been either overlooked, or refusing and avoiding to serve, for fear of giving offence, or of getting entangled with others obstinate in defence of the Act, or rather maliciously bent against the Clergy. It is also to be observed, that tho' there were several other Acts disallowed, by which the Clergy had been much injured, yet as they had not made timely complaint against them, they never thought of founding a suit upon the disallowance of these Acts; but rather chose to shew themselves willing to give up many injuries for the sake of Quietness and if they were disposed to bring any suit upon these other Acts, it is now too late, the time prescribed by law for any such suits being long since elapsed. Upon the whole my Lord, from what I have an opportunity of seeing and hearing by being on the spot, I cannot help delivering' it as my opinion that if the Act about which the Clergy are now contending, contrary to what they had such high reason to explct, lbe not actually and finally adjudged no law, it will gratify a few men amongst us, of power indeed and influence, with agrveable disappointment. For I do not believe any of them are sanguine enough to Ibe persluaded in their hearts, that they shall succeed in so unreasonable an Attempt, only they are determined to keep the dispute alive against the Clergy so long as there remains any the smialles.t chance for defeating them in their just Views and pretensions. It will infallibly stir up such men in opposition to the King's Instructions which they will say have been already & relpeatedly found unable to restrain us, to renew their attacks upon the income and possessions of the Clergy on every the least plausible oportunity, treating them at. the same time in the most insolent terms, for not submitting patiently to be devoured, which two things I believe commonly go together. They will be encouraged to all this by the certain knowledge that the Clergy will become inclined rather to submit to the worst impositions than to add to their losses and grievances by applying to expensive methods of relief, which past experience, will teach them are like to prove fruitless in the end, though for some time flattering them with the fairest hopes of success, it will be impossible to possess the Clergy with a persuasion, that they have any security for their stipends allotted by law with respect to the future, for they will incessantly urge, that instructions and law confirmed by Royal Assent, which have been already set aside and treated as nothing may be so again. 499 [x 764. Governors may again be found to slight such ties: either for the sake of pleasing some powerful men in Assembly here, under the name of pleasing the people or for some secret and unknown cause, which will not be theless fatal to the just possession of the Clergy, for working in the dark. On. the other hand, my Lord, if the act be adjudged no law, Things will return to an easy and quiet Channel. There will be end of such disputes for ever. The King's Authority will be respected as usual before the propagation of some new and strange doctrines, which will otherwise gain ground. Since the matter has been openly canvassed, and it has been shown beyond contradiction that the Act has no particular relation to distress: gives no more advantage to the distressed than to the successful, bestows little or nothing on any poor in comparison of what it bestows on the opulent, and is very greivcous to the same poor, namely the Clergy, the bulk of the people have changed their senmtinients in the point, Numbecrs cry ut tht hat tlih Asse:mbly hadt no Ibusiness to interl're in sutch an aihir minuch less in such a manner, N'. \Varrington has alreadly had considetrable d;mnages assignedl to him by a Jury of his own parishioners. It is very well knolwn that if a Ijlry had Isenl su nin nI(!ed in the (General Court for some time past, the sane nthing wvubl have been done for M'. Calium. The Clergy of Virginia will labtain their just dues and with them a propecr portion of respect. They will have theiir share of that Influence in which the rest of their llrtethren rtjoicc, under so gracious and Religious a Monarch. Notwithstanding what has happencd by tlhe influence of a few who have suffered themselves to take a wrong turn I cannot yet entertain so ill an opinion of my Countrymen in general but that they will on finding the Act adjudged no law by the highest judicial Authority: the most Honorable the Privy Council, immediately drop all farther contention, and not leaving the matter to a Jury make such offers to the Clergy as they will accept, tho' it should not exactly come up to what has been wrested from them rather by violence than Legal Authority. Of this your Lorship may be assured, that the most plausible cry in favour of the Act, namely, how shall people pay tobacco when they do not raise any, is among numbers of the Laity themselves become contemptible. For the weather about which the Act makes so much ado and on which it is ultimately founded, was of such a nature as to hurt only young tobacco plants. Crops of other kinds, to no part of which the Clergy have any title here were very plentifiul that year. Those therefore who raised little or no tobacco were not in any distress from the weather. But that was 1764.] 5oo made a cant term which served for a time to raise an alarm and cover the real state of things with a mist of confusion. Many people here in every year aim at raising no tobacco. And yet find it very easy to pay their dues to the Clergy, either by settling with them what money shall be given in lieu of the tobacco, or if the parson insist on his tobacco by purchasing it for him of other people at the market price which is always to be done with very little trouble. Through the whole of this dispute Your Lordship cannot but observe that the Clergy are aiming at no kind of power whatever, that they are only standing upon the defensive against unreasonable and oppressive power and that they are contending for such treatment as is due to every the most ordinary servant from a just and reasonable master. For was I to contract with a labourer in England to come over hither to serve me for a certain Annual quantity of tobacco, I should undoubtedly think myself under obligation to pay him that tobacco or satisfy him with the full worth of it in money, or other goods, whether I raised a pound of tobacco on my plantation or not; whether I was hindered from doing this by my own inclination or by accident of weather, the risk of the latter belonging not to him but to me and it being every man's duty to bear his own mnisfortunes without rep)ining, much more without falling on the possession of Iis neighbour. No, my Lord, in a matter of the least consequence to the Clergy of the Church of England in these parts of his majesty's Dominions, I may say in all North America, for I make no doubt, but if the promoters of this Act in our Assembly see themselves at last successful, other Provinces will be forward to copy their example; my most humble request is that your Lordship will be pleased to bestow the favour of your attendance when this cause comes to be argued afresh before the Privy Council, and in the mean time to confer on the subject with his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury who condescended to present the petition of the Clergy in Virginia to his late majesty, and to attend the Privy Council when this matter was argued at first. Which instance of his indulgent care for these the remotest parts of the Church will be ever remembered by the Clergy with the warmest sentiments of duty and gratitude. My Lord, I have made bold to desire M'. Capel Hanbury, merchant in London, to wait on Your Lordship for your advice, in order to get his majesty's Warrant for the Receiver General here to pay me my salary which is a hundred pounds a year; there will be four Years due next November. When Your Lordship shall be pleased to favor me with any commands or 5o0 [1764. instructions for my conduct in relation to the duty of my office under Your Lordship, be pleased to direct them to the Care of M'. Capel Hanbury & I shall receive them with all due submission & obedience, being, my Lord, Your Lordship's most dutiful son and S', WM ROBINSON. M'. GIBERNE to the BISHOP of LONDON. LUNENBURGI PARISH, in Richmond County, on Rappahanock River, Virginia, 31" Aug., 1764. My LORD), Permit me, while I think it my duty to congratulate Your Lordship's translation to a See that presides over this poor Colony, to wish those Virtues which adorn the amiable Character you bear, may spread their influence on this distant spot, where fanaticism & Ignorance & a disregard to I oly things, labour hard to corrupt our morals & our Faith. As one now under your Lordship's charge & whose life is happily devoted to the concern of souls. I shall without Apology presume (though unknown), to take a proper opportunity of delineating to Your Lordship a few sentiments, which I humbly hope may be improved by a well conducted application to the utmost benefit of Religion here, for I should really think myself neglectful not to acquaint my Superior with what passed under my watch. Your Lordship, may be assured if I cannot be a valuable intelligencer, I will not be found a troublesome one. It may suffice at present (till Your Lordship has had time to survey your diocese), to acquaint you of a principal imposition which has of late been practised on the Rt. Revd the Lord Bishop of London from this Colony, which as it is a fundamental one & a great cause of the contempt of the Clergy here, as well as raising the highest clamours against ordination, I cannot defer informing Your Lordship of it, who I am persuaded only wants to know to redress these Grievances; and it is with the utmost deference & humility I represent it. 't'lh lvingsI In this Ctolony nre aill undelr the patronage of the Vestries, These are sometimes composed of inconsiderate men who are easily deluded by the importunities & false pretences of those who want to get orders, to lend them recommendations & titles, tho' the parishes are supplied & they never intend to receive them, even if a vacancy should happen, and to obviate all future pretensions they take Defeasance bonds from the supposed Candidate that he will never claim their appointment or trouble them further. By this gross imposition on Your Lordship, Men of very mean abilities (to say nothing worse), get ordained in hopes after all their failings in the world, to procure a subsistance in the Church, which sometimes happens in lapsed parishes where they are unknown, and as we have no visitations, they too often prove themselves not only a scandal to the Profession, but their examples unhappily contradicting those heavenly precepts they are ordained to preach, they become a Nuisance to the Community. In this deception of Characters to your Lordship from vestries who cannot, or will not judge of the ill consequences resulting from their hasty recomendations, Persons are authorized to be publick dispensers of God's holy word & sacraments, who are miserably ignorant of the true faith & Grounds of the Christian's hope, & unfit to be partakers of the holy sacranltnt of the Lord's Supper which tlhy atlminister, Above three furths of the Clergy here I am told are from Scotlandu, many of whom caIme ir as indllntured servantLs, Schoolmasters &c., &c. In a journey to a neighbouring parish this last Easter (by the particular desire of the people to preach a Charity Sermon), I stopped an attempt there of borrowing a recommendation for Orders, by representing to the major part of the Vestries, how very unjustifiable such a Compliance would be, as they had close another Person to be their Minister: tho' I must must own the Petitioner was better qualified than most of his Countrymen. The colony in general are sensible people but well affected to those only of the Clergy who act becoming their function. I thank God I always meet with respect & see with the highest satisfaction & comfort the good fruits of my endeavours among a well disposed people in this Parish, & I hope no vanity will be imputed to me if (as a stranger), I acquaint your Lordship, that scarcely a living becomes vacant in these parts but is offered to me. A circumstance which while I am desirous it should be a proof of my assertion so I hope it will be the best recommendation to your Lordship's favour, as I should think myself very happy to be known to my Diocesan. To gratify which desire, permit me to Inform your Lordship, that I came Into this Colony in the'year 1759 on the invitation of our present Governor M'. Fauquier: my living at this time is worth in the whole not more than 60 6 per annum as tobacco (the commodity we are paid in), bears a very low price, & though I have been solicited to take more valuable Parishes, I think it better to remain where I am beloved and where there is an encreasing prospect of the fear of God. I have two Churches in my Parish & am a batchelor of 36 years of age. I have the happiness of being known to several great personages, but boast particularly of that honour in the worthy and pious Earl of Dartmouth, to whose recommendation of me, the late D'. Sherlock bishop of London paid the highest regard & when I left England D'. Nicholl gave me some reason to expect that I should succeed to the Commissaryship here, but when the vacancy happened, as I was not certain of settling here I did not apply till too late. Your Lordship's predecessor had also a favorable recommendation of me from the Countess of Carlisle, all which as I am not known to your Lordship I hope will plead in my favour whenever an opportunity shall offer for my advancement in your,ordship's esteom, & of which, I sh1all alwa"ys cendeawvour to rtender myself worthy. I 'fear I have trespassed too far on yo0r Iordlship's time & business & thercl'ore begging ymur Lordship's bles.sinug with a line or two of the least notice of me in approval I subimit what I have wrote, as the best pledge I can give of those sincere respects & services with which I shall always be by Obedience & duty, My good Lord, Your Lordship's Ever faithful Servant, I. W. GIBERNE. M;. ROBINSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. MAY 23d, 1765. MY LORD, The Bearer of this, Mr. Townshend Dade, born in Virginia, waits on Your Lordship to be admitted into holy Orders. There are many parishes vacant 1765.] 504 yet. M'. Dade brings with him a Title to a Curacy. The reason is, the Vestries in general do not care to appoint a person to a vacant living before they try him, that is, have heard him preach, and according to his Voice and delivery he is received or rejected. I make no doubt but M'. Dade will be received into a parish as soon as he returns duly qualified from your Lordship. His Testimonials are from Virginia and Maryland in both which Provinces he has lived within these three Years last past; I have likewise received Letters from Gentlemen which bear testimony to his good life and Conversation. His intentions have been published according to the rule laid down by the Archbishop's Instructions and I trust he will satisfy Your Lordship in every other point. My Lord, I have some reasons to apprehend that endeavours have been used to prejudice your Lordship against me, but in what particulars I know not. I must therefore beg Your Lordship's patience while I give some account of myself. I was born in Virginia; at ten Years old I was sent to England for ny Education, which was in the year 1729. I continued at School in the Country till the year 1737, at which time I was admitted a member of Oriel College in Oxfurd. After I had taken my B. A. Degree I was chosen by the Provost and Fellows to one of )'. Robinson's lishop of London's (who was my Great Uncle) Exhibitions, which I enjoyed for three years, the term limited by his Lordshi)p In June, 17,13, I was Ordained Priest by 1'. Gibson, Bishop of London, I returned to my native Country in October, 1744.; the November following I was received into Stratton Major Parish, in King and Queen County, where I have continued Rector ever since. I can with truth assure your Lordship I have always lived in the greatest harmony with my Parishioners, and I believe no minister can be more respected by them than I am. I have always studiously avoided giving any just cause for Offence to any one, especially those in authority. Your Lordship, I hope, will excuse my saying so much in my own behalf, but there is a time when it is requisite for a man to praise himself, and as to the truth of what I have said, I can appeal to my whole parish. I make bold to trouble Your Lordship with the Letters of my appointment to be Commissary of Virginia from D'. Sherlock, D'. Hayter and D'. Osbaldiston, which Your Lordship will be pleased to return me by M'. Dade. I have acted as Commissary ever since my first appointment by D'. Sherlock, but cautiously, for fear of giving offence, as I have no Commission. My authority 5o5 [r765. is the same as M'. Dawson's was, who had no Commission, but always acted as Commissary, and was looked upon as such by every body here. I have been present at several Conventions of the Clergy called by him, tho' I have avoided calling any till I know Your Lordship's pleasure. Whether it would not be proper that the Clergy should be convened in order to transmit to Your Lordship a full and true account of the present state of the Church and Clergy here, is left to your Lordship's determination. My Lord, I cannot but think it a hardship upon me that I should be appointed Commissary of Virginia four Years ago and yet not be able to receive one farthing of the Salary annexed to that Place which is one Hundred Pounds a Year. Mr. Dawson constantly received it and had no Commission. The Salary is paid by the Receiver General here, out of His Majesty's Quit Rents, and I am informed by him that the reason I am not paid is for want of his Majesty's Warrant. As M'. Dawson had a Warrant I apprehend it would be no difficult matter for me to get one, upon proper application. I have desired Mr. Capel I lanbury, my merchant in London, to wait on Your Lordship for your advice, and I hope your Lordship will befriend me in that matter, as I do with truth assure you, I am near that sum out of Pocket, by the expceces, I have been obliged to be at on account of my appointment, which I could not have borne if I had not had an Elstate of my own of about four hundred a year. 1 hope to have the honor of receiving a Letter from your Lordship; and ifi t should be your pleasure to continue me Commissary, Your Lordship may depend on having all your Instructions, Orders and Commands punctually obeyed by, My Lord, Your Lordship's most dutiful Son and obedient Servant, W" ROBINSON. KING & QUEEN COUNTY, Virginia. f 44 1765.] 506 Af. ROBINSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, Aug. 12th, 1765. MY LORD, I return you my sincere thanks in behalf of the Clergy here, for your promise to attend the hearing of the Appeal in which they take their present indubitable right and future security to be equally concerned, which will certainly come on in a little time & in due course as they have a full confidence of being heard by the most Honbi the Privy Council with the strictest attention and with a fixed resolution to do what is right & this is all that can be desired. There is no doubt to be made of your Lordship's readiness to take a part in every thing in which the real interest of the Clergy & of Religion are concerned. And that Your Lordship may not be imposed upon by misinformation in which the danger of the Clergy lies, I think it my duty if possible to provide. To shew Your Lordship how impossible it is, that the Clergy here could stop short any where of the present Appeal, without consenting to their own destruction, I must beg your patience while I give you a recital of the state of the case, as well as 1 am able from the beginning. This Colony was originally an asylum for the Church men, as some of the otlers were for the sectaries, & it is no wonder that the latter from their Neighbourhood should endeavour to get footing among us. We have some who are great Latitudinarians in point of Government, respecting either Church or State, who seem willing to acknowledge no jurisdiction but that of the Governor, the Assembly and the King, and would lessen the King's power as much as possible by maintaining the Governor to be his substitute and representative, who gives in fact the Royal Assent & insisting that any law tho' ever so unjust and absurd if passed by the Governor and Assembly, must be in force till the King's pleasure be known here, by which means they get opportunities of making such a distribution of property as they at the time shall think proper. There are in all States some more attach'd to their immediate interest, than to the service of Religion, the publick good of a happy Constitution of Government, or any 507 (176S. other blessing whatever. Others again are weak enough to be imposed upon by the artful and designing. All these formed a party, at first small, which has been growing by indulgence, by frighting or coaxing Governors into their measures, by watching the advantage of a thin House of Burgesses & the like cunning methods, till as you will find by the sequel they have run their career very far, in endangering the Church, and disturbing the State. One of the first attempts of this party, I take to have been a petition to the General Assembly that some dissenters, might be excused from their paying any dues to the Clergy, which as it might in the end, make the maintenance of the Clergy fall heavy on such as should be left, after so many had declared themselves dissenters as should be willing by that means to make a saving to themselves, miscarried. In the year 1751 or 2 a Petition was sent to the King & the Privy Council that the Governor and Assembly might occasionally pass Acts without a suspending clause, though they should interfere with Acts that had obtained the Royal Assent which might be in force, Till the King's pleasure should be known here. The Petition as may be seen on record was rejected by the Privy Council. Notwithstanding the refusal of the Petition, Acts were made that interfered with the Act which had the Royal Assent without suspending clause, In 1753 under pretence that Tobacco was not raised in a suflfcient quantity in particular Parishes, by these Acts two or three Parishes on the frontiers of the Colony were to pay not half the value of the salary in cu rrent money which was daily 1ecoming nmore and more depreciated by means of tlie paper currency, and in some other particular Parishes in Norfolk and Princess Ann Countys, it was left to the Justices of the Coturt, that is, to tlhe pers ons tIhat weret to pay, to assign the price of tobacco accordlin to what tlhe Clergy were to receive. It is remarkable that with re.;pect, to one of these Parishes, tho' it was pretended that it paid sufficiently to the minister under the Act, Yet it has since been divided into three iParishes at the request of the Parishioners themselves. The samlle people now maintain three Clergymen instead of one, two of them are paid in tobacco & the third in money at double the rate, which the Rector received when the three Parishes were in one. These Acts being such manifest encroachments on the Royal Prerogative were never I believe intended to be sent to England as all Acts ought to be, not aiming in appearance at the whole body, were overlooked by the Clergy who have eminently studied peace and quietness. In 1755 an Act was pro s765s.] 5o8 posed of the like kind, affecting the whole Clergy, which pretending there would be a small quantity of Tobacco raised, required the whole Clergy to be paid at a certain rate in money. This opened the design of the party so far that the Clergy could not but be alarmed. Some of them waited on the Governor (M'. Dinwiddic), to beg his negative on the Act. He acquainted them that the Act was contrary to common justice & his instructions & therefore he could not pass it. On a report that Mr. Dinwiddie was wavering the Clergy waited on him a second time & were astonished, to hear him say that "It is true the Act proposed is contrary to common justice & my instructions, but what can I do, if I do not pass it, I shall have the people upon my back," in which they perceived nis final Resolution to pass it. His dread of having the people on his back appeared to us the more strange, as there was but a majority of one voice in the lower house of Assembly in favor of the Act. M'. Dinwiddie told me that if I could get the Speaker, my relation, to advise him against passing the Act, he would put an end to it by his negative, I thought it unreasonable to expect that the Speaker would take upon him the province of advising the (overnor to refuse an Act pas;ts( in the lower 1 louse, however I mentioiLed the matter to hin & he answered to the following purpose, that his sentintments concerning the Act were suft liicnitly known as lie had declared openly in the I louse, his ollinion to be that the Act would ilt be law, whelin lassed by the (;Governor and A\ssembly. M'. I)iinwildie long lifter wards excusetld hiinself to the I.ords of 'l'rade folr passing this Act by allowing it was colitl'rary to 'reasoi allnd justice, lbut adding thlat if hlie had not Ipassed it, the people would have givlen no money towards carrying on the war & of two evils he thought himself obliged to chulse thet' least. It is not clear to us that even the suipposei ntecessity of chlusing one of the two evils was real I4because the Act was not tacked to a money bill, nor waving this call we be easily be brought to think, that sacrificing Reason, Justice, and Religion, even with the prospect of obtaining a sum of money for carrying on the war was the lesser evil of the two. A Convention of the Clergy was afterwards called, who took this Act passed in 1755 into consideration. Fond of peace & afraid of Contention, as not knowing what support and countenance they would meet with against those, many of whom look upon themselves as the legislature of the country in the first degree of eminence as if there was no other above them, and finding that the price allowed for their tobacco was nearly equal to the market price, determined to acquiesce. But I shall never forget the words of Sog9 [1765. one of them, as they proved so exact a prognostication of what followed. They were to this effect: "You esteem it sufficient reason to forbear complaint, that the price allowed by the Act is nearly equal to the market price. This with me however odd it may sound is a strong reason for complaining. For it proves that the pretended scarcity alleged as the foundation of the act is not real. Immediate advantage is not their object who framed the Act. What then can be their views but getting a precedent for such kind of Acts. Of this I am so well persuaded, that I shall not wonder if you have an Act in three or four years that will make you smart." It is observable of the first General Act to injure the Clergy as well as the last, that they might be sure to reap no profit from it, if the price allowed should accidentally any where be better that the market price, it is made optional, that is the payer has it in his choice to pay either money or tobacco as he finds it most for his own interest. Agreeable to the above conjecture form'd on the observation of the language and behaviour of the party at that time in 1758, when by reason of an apprehended scarce crop which turned otut to be thrice as large as the Act supposetd, an high plrice for Tobacco was eXlpvcte.d to take ltl;ce in the succeetding year, an Act was Iproposed to allow the Clergy a mtoderat price in lietu of the priic expect'd'. 'Th Clergy ~ohltl not 1bt' got togelther in a body time enotigh to oplpos: bly Petitions or remtonstrancces the imptending storm. A fevw of thetm offtered but were not pennritted to 1b heard on the bill )bfore eitthr of the I louses of Assnembly. Thus rejected they applied to the present (Gtovernor. I was one of them. WVe hum)ily rtelprtstenteIt to hlis 1 lotunir, that the Act with which we were threatened was contrary to reason and commion justice. Ilis answer was that was not a point to be considered. We then gently put hitmt in mind that it was contrary to his instructions. Ile answered that is a point not to be considered. It was asked what was the point to be considered & he frankly told us the sole point with him to be considered was what woutl please the people, which put an end to our application, for there was now a large nmajority in the I louse of Ilurg(ess(es for the Act, whtmll we supposed tile Governor meant by the peopjle, nor was this change in the I louse to be wondered at, considering how easily tmen are persuaded to relisl tilhe sweets of their own advantage. A Convention of the Clergy was called, who agreed to send M', Camni to E'ngland, as their Agent with a complaint of the above Act & a petition to his late Majesty. IHe carried with him the first Copy of the Act that appeared in England, a copy from authority did not arrive 1765.] 50o there till long after M'. Camm was in London. Which confirms what I said above concerning my private opinion that such Acts were never intended to see England, of which it is a still further confirmation, that the Clerk of the House of Burgesses was much blamed by many of the Party for accommodating our Agent with a copy of the Act which he was sent chiefly to complain of. The Clergy's Petition by the condescending assistance of his grace the Archbishop of Canterbury was presented to the King & the matter refered to the Board of Trade. The Lords of Trade, particularly the Earl of Halifax expressed great compassion for the case & obliged M'. Camm to recount what steps had been taken by the Clergy here & especially what had passed at our conference upon the subject with the present Governor. " They were willing to report agreably to our request, that the acts ought to be declared null and void ab initio provided a precedent could be produced for the use of such words. No precedent being to be found, as I conceive the case was new, it seemed to be the opinion of their Lordships that our remedy, laid properly at law for that the act must certainly be deemed no law when it came to dispute by an appeal, for instances were not wanting of Acts so deemed, which had been observed many years as law in some of the Plantations, they referred the consideration of the Case to the Bishopof London & his letter in answer, was afterwards made a part of the Report. By these steps a hearing came on with learned counsel on both sides, before tie most Honorable the Privy Council. It was their opinion that we had our certain remedy at law, My Lord lardwick in particular delivered it as his sentiment that there was no occasion, to dispute about the Authority by which the Act was passed, For that no Court in the Judicature whatever, could look upon it to be law by reason of its manifest Injustice alone. If it had been there before them by way of an appeal; it was declared that they would adjudge it to be no law. As this was the opinion of their L.ordships, Mh. Camm desired an opportunity of making this opinion known in hope of preventing further contest in Virginia and it was thought there was no impropriety in letting their opinion be known and therefore the disallowance was granted, together with what was called an additional instruction to the Governor which was no more than a repetition, word for word, of the former instruction. M'. Camm having no intimation from the late Bishop of London or his present Grace of Canterbury (by whom he had the honour to be received & heard many times most affably, for which the Clergy here can never retain too high a sense of gratitude), that he was to 51I [1765. rest content with the having obtained the Royal disallowance & what was called an additional instruction as instruments of future security, & conceiving himself recommended by the right Honbl" the Lords of Trade & the most Honbl" the Privy Council to seek a certain remedy at law, wrote over to his Attorney here, to commence suit if the Parish should stand out after he had informed them how matters were & given them a sufficient time for consideration. The Parish refused to stand suit, till they had obtained a promise that the Expence would be borne out of the publick funds. Accordingly an order of the House of Burgesses was afterwards made that the expence of appeals where the Clergy were concerned should be borne by the publick. Observe, my Lord, the cunning of the party in this order. The Merchants affected by the Act as well as the Clergy were left out of it, which was an attempt to make the Act a Law so far as it respected the Clergy & at the same time no Law in effect for the Merchants, For the Contractors with the merchants left to contest the point at their own expence dropt the thoughts of that and paid the Merchants the loss which they must have sustained, had the design of the Act finally prevailed against them. For the truth of these passages I beg leave to refer Your Lordship to Mr. Graham Frank, formerly M'. Camm's Attorney, now a Merchant in London, and to M'. Lloyd also a merchant in London. While M'. Camm's cause was depending he was attacked by two very violent writers in the most indecent manner. What they wanted with respect to Reason and Argument, they endeavored to make up with false personal accusation, Calumny & railing. IHe made no reply for three years, but at last being called upon to answer by his friends as a thing necessary for his own justification & that of his cause, in as much as the sophistry of his adversaries, trifling as it was, could not be seen through by the many, le returned answers in which he proved that what had been held to be just, charitable and Necessary was the contrary of all these, to the conviction of enemies as well as the satisfaction of friends. What does one of his adversaries & the ablest of them hereupon, but give up Justice, Charity & Necessity, which he had solely depended upon, and rely on Authority which he had at first allowed to be against him, alleging that an Act passed by the Governor & Assembly, be it of what nature it will must be of force here, untill the King's pleasure be made known here. Advancing many other strange doctrines still more bordering, to say no worse of them, on Civil Independency, I do not hear of any fault found with what M'. Camm has written in this dispute, except that some S765.] 512 think he has treated his antagonists with too much severity for a Clergyman. Tho' it be allowed that they had well deserved it at his hands. If this be so I cannot but think that it is nothing to the dispute, and that in his excuse may well be pleaded the many falsehoods which have been uttered of him, the variety of ill treatments which to my certain knowledge he has endured in a course of years with no ordinary patience, Knowingly giving up prospects of interest and advantage to himself for the sake of doing publick service. As to M'. Camm's private character, to run down which seems to have been the chief aim of the Art of the writers on the other side, I beg leave to assure Your Lordship that he need yield the palm to none of the Clergy for esteem & respect in l.is own Parish & with those who are best acquainted with him. M'. Norton, lately one of his parishioners & a person of good credit & distinction among us, who was one of the Assembly when the first two penny Act was passed, & is now I hear settled as a Merchant near Fulham, would, I make no doubt, do M'. Camm justice if he had an opportunity. When the Royal Disallowance of the act under consideration at present was brought in, the Clergy had hopes that the Governor would for the future at least stand neuter, but far from this he has continued an open Advocate for the Validity of the Act in opposition to the Royal Disallowance. We think we have reason to believe, that on finding numbers of the people convinced of the iniquity of the Act, the Lawyers employed in its support changed their plan & obliged M'. Canun's counsel to coitest it on what they call a demurrer. They durst not trust it with a General Court Jury, for fear they should find generally for M'. Camm & give him proper damages, but thought it safer to have the point of law tried nakedly by the Court. Its contrariety to common Justice, to the Act which had obtained the royal Assent, to Royal instructions & the opinion of the Privy Council as expressed in the Royal Disallowance, were objected to the Act. It is remarkable not the least reply was made to the head of injustice. To the other objections on the head of authority on which the defendants insisted intirely to depend it was only urged that the Act must be in force till the King's pleasure was known here. To prove this, a King's commission to a Governor in Chief was produced, by which it appeared that the Governor is commissioned to give assent to Acts produced to him agreable to his instructions & not otherwise; the force of which clause they endeavoured to invalidate by alledging that the King's instructions were not inserted in the Commission, that is, the limitation must signify nothing, because 513 [ 765. the Commission and the Instructions are not written on the same piece of paper, a thing I conceive impossible except a new Commission was to come over with every new instruction. The Court was five to four in favour for the Validity of the Act. According to the opinion of most people here, the four made up in judgment & experience what they wanted in number. The two M'. Nelsons, men of the first rank in the Court excused themselves from giving any opinion because they were M'. Camm's Parishioners. The Governor, who was under no necessity of giving any opinion as the Court was not divided, got up & made a long speech in which to our surprise he affirmed that for transgressing his instructions he was accountable to his Royal Master and might be punished, but the Act which had the Governor's Assent must be valid until the King's pleasure was made known here, that is, it must be valid to all intents & purposes to produce which it was made. For the Act being passed for no more than one year, and its effect taking. place much sooner, the Disallowance could not possibly arrive here before thei Act had expired. So that in the judgment of the Governor and of that partyj who have drawn him into their measures, the Clergy's best support and firm-. est dependancies are what makes the most against them; even the Royal Dis-1 allowance itself is nothing imore nor less thian a Confirmation of the Act against which it is produced. I lad NI'. Caromo been contient not to carry on a suit or dropped his Appeal, after such encouragement in England fr-om the best Authority, he would have been much condemned for unnecessarily & pusillanimnously deserting the cause in which he had been engaged, and for his conduct in which lie hadI received the approbation & thanks of the Clergy here Assembled in convention, neither would this have availcd to plrevent an Appeal, flr several otlihers of the Clergy would have heard of no such proposal, but would have carried on suits at all events, looking upon themselves by the entire forbearance of such suits, not only to be divested of their present right to too great a suim to be given illup by an indigent Clergy, but void of all fiuture security. Mr. Warrington had a cause on the same subject tried in his own county by his own Parishioners. A Jury of his Parishioners found for him considerable damages, allowing on their oaths that there was above twice as much justly due to him as the Act had granted. But the point of law was given against him by the Court not so much (as might be gathered from what some of them dropped), because they thought in their hearts, the Act ought to be deemed valid Law, but for fear of offending their superiors who had 65 1765.] 514 passed the Act. Indeed M'. Warrington's Parishioners are willing in general to pay him (and this is the case with many other parishes) what they think has been unjustly detained from him, but they are afraid of having it to pay a second time, should the Clergy recover by means of an Act of Assembly, to levy the deficiency to be made up to the Clergy upon the whole people, a thing that seems to be generally expected. M'. Warrington carried his cause to the General Court by appeal, where it was lately called and ready for hearing and he was not without hopes of success as the two M'. Nelsons could not be excused from giving their opinion in his case, and he had heard one of them acknowledge the Act to be a most unjust Act. But the Court refused to hear any more of the causes till they should know how M'. Camm's was determined in England, so that the condition of the whole Clergy is suspended upon this one cause. M'. Maury brought his cause in a county Court. The Court adjudged the Act in question to be no law, but an ignorant Jury were afterwards, in opposition to the best evidence that M'. Maury ought to have received about three times as much in value as the Act had granted him, and without any counter evidence, persuaded to give him one penny damages. The method taken to bring over a weak jury thus to sap the foundations of property was as extraordinary as the verdict itself. The advocate advanced for this.purpose, that the Clergy were of no use but to promote what he called, Duties of imperfect obligation, that for their audacious behaviour in contesting at law the Act of a Governor & Assembly, tlhey deserved to be severely punished instead of receiving damages, that the King by disallowance of the Act had forfeited the Allegiance of the People of Virginia, & that the jury were not obliged nor ought to give more than one penny damages. After the trial was over this Lawyer excused himself to the plaintiff by telling him that lie had no ill will against him or wished to hurt him but that he had said what he did to make himself popular. He has succeeded in making himself popular in that part of the country where lie lives. He has since been chosen a representative for one of the Counties, in which character he has lately distinguished himself in the I louse of Burgesses on occasion of the Arrival of an act of parliament for Stamp duties while the Assembly was sitting. lie blazed out in a violent speech against the Authority of parliament and the King, comparing his Majesty to a Tarquin, a Cesar, and a Charles the First and not sparing insinuations that lie wished another Cromwell would arise. lHe made a motion for several outrageous resolves, some of which passed and were again erased 515 [1765. as soon as his back was turned. Such was the behaviour in the lower House of Assembly that the Governor could not save appearances without dissolving them. They were accordingly dissolved and M'. Henry, the hero of whom I have been writing, is gone quietly into the upper parts of the country to recommend himself to his constituents by spreading treason and enforcing firm resolutions against the Authority of the British parliament. This is at least the Common report, the concluding resolve which he offered to the House & fell among the rejected ones, was that any person who should write or speak in favour of the Act of Parliament, for laying on Stamp duties should be deemed an enemy to the Colony of Virginia, such notions has he of Liberty & property, as well as of Authority, and such indeed have too many of his party, which on occasion of the present Act of Parliament, have met an opportunity of breaking out too conspicuously to be any longer suppressed or denied. Considering, my Lord, that I must have tried your Lordship with the length of the above recital, and that I am writing to no ordinary person, but to one of equal Dignity & penetration, I shall omit may reflections that might be made on what I have said. And beg your patience for a few which cannot well be left unmentioned. I think it is very clear the ill treatment which has been given here to the Clergy; the British Parliament & the King's authority, springs all from the same root, namely, from wrong notions respecting both property and legal Authority, & from a desire of some among us to reduce us under an arbitrary Aristocratical power of our own with the name of Liberty, instead of that happy constitution of an interior legislature with the King at the head of it, & a sulpreme legislature consisting of the King & the British parliament which we have a right to enjoy. I cannot help thinking that giving way to this party has hitherto contributed to its growth, and has been only at best casting embers on a (lame, to hide it for tie present without impairing in the least its strength & ability to do mischief. lWhereas had the Governors given it an early & spirited chlclck which might have been safely done, we should long ago have been freed from the danger of its ravages. An effectual check is now become more necessary than ever & is not yet too late, nay it is even expected by the most sanguine of the opposite party. Numbers who were at first loud, in praises of the Act, declare their conviction that it is totally unreasonable & iniquitous, contrary to legal Authority, the foundation of property & commerce, & contrived to augment the riches of the wealthy, instead of relieving the Poor. Many more would be open in delivering 1765.] 516 the same sentiments if they had the good sense to discern that the alteration of a former judgment upon conviction, incurs no reflection on their parts & judgment. If the Clergy were not satisfied of these truths, it would not be worth their while to bear the expence of an Appeal to England, for they know very well that after a judgment in their favour by the most Honbl the Privy Council, they must depend on a Jury here for the assignment of Damages. Whatever weight the Clergy may be of, it is at present on the side of common justice, property, legal authority, & liberty, as happily bounded and distinguished from licentiousness by the British Constitution. But what will be the consequence if after numbers who applauded the Act here at first have been convinced of its unreasonablenes & illegality, the Privy Council, who formerly declared the Act could not be deemed law on account of its manifest injustice should at last determine it to be law, & by that means also determine that whatever Act is passed here, be it ever so unjust & unreasonable, must be law till the King's pleasure be made known here, that is till the Act has had its full effect & expired of itself. In this case the obstinate Patronizers of such Acts will resume fresh Spirits: numbers at present in another way of thinking, will go back again to them led by interest & the love of Power, & Governors will be perpetually teazed & worried into passing such Acts. It will be known from experience both by the Clergy and their enemies, that neither an Act with the Royal Assent, nor Royal instructions, applications to Majesty, nor Royal disallowances, nor the upinion of the Lords of Trade & the Privy Council, nor expensive appeals can be of the least Avail against the most oppressive tlemporary Acts. The Clergy will be constrained either to frame their notions in Government & Religion by the dictates of a party whose violent tenets and practices they disapprove or be in continued danger of being stripped & deprived of their bread. The number of vacant Parishes in Virginia, which do not from practice & custom, whatever they should do by law, pay any thing towards the maintenance of a minister during the vacancy will be encreased, and room will be made for an inundation of all kinds of dissenters. In short, my Lord, the oldest and best experienced Clergymen here think their duty to God, themselves, the Church of which they are members, their King & their Country, concerned in trying to have upon the best grounds and encouragement the Act against which they have so long contended finally adjudged no law by the most Hon"' the Privy Council. 517 [x765. My Lord, when I was nominated by the late Bishop of London, D'. Sherlock, to be his Commissary, I received instructions advising me to cultivate a good understanding with the present Governor. It is our duty as delivered by St. Paul, to live in peace with all men if possible, and as far as in us lies. I beg leave to inform your Lordship that nobody is more willing than I to comply with this duty, but cannot help adding that I have hitherto found it impracticable to obtain favour, and live in peace & friendship with the present Governor. In pursuance of the learned & pious Bishop's directions, I made a tender of my services to the Governor, & professed to desire nothing more than future peace and friendship. Peace and friendship I take to imply a reciprocation of good will & kind offices. With what success I endeavored to bring about so desirable an event I will leave your Lordship to judge, after I have told you the terms upon which alone the Governor would engage to me this happiness. The first condition was that I should publickly ask his pardon, without any specification for what, but in reality for having received, not given, gross injuries and affronts. The second was that I should openly renounce all friendship and acquaintance with M'. Camm, for whom I have an esteem raised on an intimacy of twenty years standing. Had I complied with these hard demands, I should justly have been deemed consenting to the ruin of the Clergy, have forfeited all character with both sides, and my own peace of mind into the bargain. Had I been at all inclined to make, in my judgment, such unchristian and unmanly compliances, I have before my eyes very recent examples sufticient to deter me from venturing on so hazardous an enterprise. My predecessor in office, rcmark:able, poor man, for nothing more than compliances, was by the interest & friendship of Governors raised to be both Commissary & President of the College, & one of his Majesty's Council, & before lie died was at a meeting of the Visitors of the College & in my presence accused of habitual drunkenness, when to avoid the disagreable piroof, he confessed the fact, and had the honor to have an apology made for him by the piresent Governor, which was to this effict, tlhat the person accused was a great objcct of compassion, inasmuch as lie had been teazed by a contrariety of opinions between him & the Clergy into the loss of his spirits, & it was no wonder that lie should apply for consolation to Spirituous Liquors, which prevailed with the visitation to grant a pardon on promise of future sobriety. Mhi'. I lorrocks, a young Clergyman, after having been Master of the Grammar School two or three years, has found means of carrying the Presidcntship of 1765.] 518 the College against M'. Graham, a Clergyman of unexceptionable character and generally esteemed, who has been Professor of Mathematicks in the College near twenty years; but observe, my Lord, upon what terms M'. Horrocks received this success. M'. Graham, M'. Camm, M'. Robinson (since dead), M'. Jones (in a little time restored by the Visitors themselves), who were all the masters of the College at the time, had suffered a deprivation founded on Malice and the most frivolous pretences. Soon after it was known here that Mr. Graham & M'. Camm would be reinstated in their places by a Judgment of the Privy Council, the Visitors met and passed a statute for depriving any of the President & Masters at pleasure according to advice as they pretend received from some person in England. This statute could not but alarm the Masters. They looked upon it as an attempt to repeal the Royal Charter of the College itself, and as what must render a proper care of the students in them impracticable. They proposed to take advice upon the statute in England. In disapproving the statute & in taking advice M'. Horrocks was at least as loud and as forward as any of the rest. But the proposal was frustrated by the disagreement of the then President. On his decease & Mr. Horrocks' election into his place, Mr. Horrocks was required to swear & did swear obedience to the statute before the Visitors when I was present. After this M'. Horrocks called a meeting to apologise for the disgust he supposed himself to have occasioned by accepting the Presidentship on such terms. He told them that he would not have submitted to such terms if lie could have obtained the Presidentship on any better terms, and that though lie had sworn obedience to the statute, he had not in the least altered his former opinion of it. But being required in consequence of this declaration to join with the Masters in applying to some proper person in England for advice, that they might know whether they were bound to obey the statute, and consequently whether it was worth their while to continue in the Society or not, he refised. Thus, my Lord, M'. I Horrocks has obtained a profitable & honorable Post by favour granted to compliance, but if by violating his own sentiments & reducing the Authority of the P1resilent & Masters to a nmre shadow, hel has laid a foundation for his own wpace and future security, or for any good to the College as a seminary of education, I am much mistaken. I hope your Lordship will excuse imy adding such particulars. I think it necespary to give your Lordship what information I can, that in the variety of representations which I make no doubt will be made to your Lordship on dif 519 [1766. ferent sides of the Question agitated among us, You may the better discern who have the best and honestest views and most deserve your Countenance. As to the Act which has been the chief subject of this paper, I now commit the issue of that affair to the direction of Almighty God and the judgment of the most Honbl~ the Privy Council. With respect to matters that have occurred here your Lordship will be pleased to observe, that I go chiefly upon my own knowledge, and with respect to what happened in England, I can have no better information than M'. Camm's. I accept with gratitude of your Lordship's continuance of me in my office, & professing myself sincerely desirous to obey all your Lordship's Commands, beg leave to subscribe myself your Lordship's Most dutiful son and servant, WILLIAM ROBINSON. P. S.-My Lord, I have desired M'. Graham Franks, a merchant in London, to wait on your Lordship with this Letter. And I humbly beg your Lordship's advice in what manner he must proceed to get his Majesty's Warrant to the Receiver General here to pay me my salary as Commissary, which is one hundred pounds Ster. a year. It was constantly paid to my predecessor who had no commission. There is now four years due, and I can with truth assure your Lordship I have expended fill that sum on account of my being appointed Commissary. MA. ROBINSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. KING & QUEEN COUNTr, June 6, 1766. MY LoRa, 1 return your Lordship my most sincere thanks for the trouble you have been at to obtain me a Warrant for my arrcars. In obedience to your Lordship's conmmands I have waited on I lis Ilonor the Governor and found him much more reasonable and prepared for a reconciliation clogged by no hard terms than I expected. Which without doubt I must also owe to your Lordship's generous Interposition and good Offices. By these means I hope things 1766.] 520 will continue on an easy footing between him and me for the future which will be much to my satisfaction. I wish I could give your Lordship a pleasing account of the Clergy's readiness to acquiesce calmly under their disappointment on supposition that they fail of success in their appeal. But I must not deceive your Lordship. I shall therefore relate the substance as near as my memory will permit of what those of them say, to whom I have had opportunity of hinting the possibility of such an event, and of talking with them thereupon. "The Act," say they to me perhaps with too much warmth, "is the most flagrant Piece of Injustice that can well be conceived, so confessed on all hands, which never would be attempted, or if attempted never submitted to in Britain. It suspends an act passed by higher authority; that is one confirmed by the Royal assent, in which the Clergy placed their confidence with respect to their establishment and by which many of them have been induced to leave the place of their Nativity, their friends there and all hopes of Preferment in their own country. A complaint of it was sent to England as early as possible, at the great expense of a poor distressed Clergy. The most Hon"l the Privy Council not thinking the matter properly before them that they might give fit and adequate relief to the sufferers refer them to proceedings at Law as to a certain remedy, professing themselves after a full hearing of both parties, ready to adjudge the act no Law, of which precedents were not wanting was it properly before them, that is, in course of Law as it now is by appeal. After this a Royal disallowance is granted, declaring to be null and void and of none effect that act which was made for the single purpose, so far as it respects the clergy, of diminishing one year's Income which year was passed before the Act was framed. If therefore the Royal disallowance do not render the Act a nullity in that single effect which it was contrived for producing, it serves no purpose but to lead the suffering and oppressed Clergy into a long troublesome and expensive Error. When the Clergy's agent began to persue the path chalked out for him by the Most I lonorable The Privy Council themselves, according to the information lie received from his counsel the present Lord Camden, the Assembly here gave up the Authority of their Act with regard to Laymen by an Order on their Journals for supporting their Vestries (only) in disputes arising on this Act; and the Gainers by the act have in fact long ago disgorged their ill gotten goods to every body but the Clergy, some very poor people excepted. 521 [1766. "If we are to exchange the dependence we had on the Royal Assent, for one on a Lieutenant Governor's Obligation or Resolution to observe his Instructions, We have an Instance before us which we behold with our own Eyes that leaves us no room to doubt of what will be the consequence. Let what Royal Threatenings you please, the loudest Report that distant Thunder can make accompany instructions to Governors; no man in his senses can make any doubt but that they will be slighted as much hereafter when the first occasion of them has died away almost into oblivion as they are at present when that occasion is so fresh as to be a subject of dispute and agitation. But our present Governor in the face of a repeated Instruction and a Royal disallowance, sends a Letter to the Judges of a County Court to intimate his Opinion to them that an act passed in contradiction to his Instructions and royally disallowed ought to be deemed Law. When his Commission, lent to the opposite side in our agent's trial at the General Court shew'd that he was restrained in the power of passing Laws by his Instructions, to which he was referred in the Commission, He made a public speech in vindication of the act; declaring that if the act was passed contrary to his Instructions he alone was answerable to his Royal Master, the Act must be good and valid, and he teaches as many as will hear him to this D)ay the same doctrine. All which opposition, as we conceive, to his Master's will we have the candour to impute to some dislike taken to Clergymen and not to the present of a Thousand Pounds given him by the Assembly since lie passed the Act which has occasioned us so much Loss, trouble and expense. With all the Governor's activity and Perseverance in Justification of the Act, a County Court here adjudged it to be no Law: and there was but a majority of one in the General Coart for adjudging it to be Law, those of the best reputation for discernment in that Court being among the minority. Upon the whole, if we fail of success in so palpable a matter after such encouragetment to procecl, after a previous sanction to our designed conduct from tlie lrivy Clouncil themselves, we have certainly been at too great pains andi expl'nse to find ouit that there is an entire end of all future security, ()Or condition is hopeless, our greatest Inemics will know this as well as ourselves. It will confirm the Insolence of Vestries. It will establish many collateral oppressive notions favorable neitler to Church or state, or the just property of private subjects. We must acquiesce, but as men do in despair. We shall have experienced many Inconveniences and no advantage from a resource to any higher authority than that of r;766.]1 522 the Governor and Assembly and the General Court. We are driven by hard necessity to. look in practice at least upon the Governor and Assembly as our ultimate Rulers, Legislatively, and Judicially. If the future security of us and our Successors can be overlooked, it would be in vain to talk of our immediate sufferings by the act, or else we might produce some pitiable objects, Widows and Orphans left in great distress, to whom a restitution of the money taken from their late Husbands by legal Robbery (we hope that is giving it too fair a name), would now prove a seasonable relief." If there appears to be too much petulance in such observations, Your Lordship will be pleased to remember that I am only rehearsing the language of other Men to me, Which form I chose to preserve that I might neither run the risk of doing their remarks injustice by lessoning any of their force nor seem to fail of due respect to Your Lordship. Indeed if I may now venture to add my own Opinion, I am afraid they have but too much reason for what they urge. Under such allpprehensions some have left the Colony already. Othetrs are preparing to remove, and when our fate is certain, more will endeavor to get out of the way of various storms, which they forbode as the inevitable consequences of final ill success in this capital, and, as they esteem it, decisive stake with regard to the condition of the Clergy in Virginia. I have little to say of my own knowledge concerning M'. Giberne. What I have been able to collect is as follows. His Mother is a Milliner in the city. of Westminster. He was not bred to the Church, but was sometime a clerk in some Office on Tower I lill. IIe obtained Orders and caine in here under the countenance and protection of the prescilt (;Govrnior. li lC 1 rchiasCd the disgust of the Clergy at his first coming by unsuccessful endeavors to reconcile theim to an Act of wwhich they had si.nt a complailt to IEnGlaihl, 1iolly setting his Youth and Rlawniss in opposition to the lpast and present feclings of long experience. In imitation of the Govcrnour he wrote a letter to the Trcasurer and Trustees of a Fund here for the relief of poor clergymen's Widows and Orphans, to withdraw his subscription and express his disapprobation of the design untill it should be amended to his huimour. Many of the Laity think him too fond of cards and Gaming for one of his cloth. IHe has removed from one Parish to another two or three times. I believe there is no danger of injuring himn when I incline to think forwardness and Levity distinguishing larts of his character; and it is in obedience to your Lordship that I write my thoughts of him so freely. 523 [1766. M'. Camm was summoned some time ago before the Visitors on the new Statute. They asked him whether he would part with his Parish or his Professorship? He insisted on his being then before a Court and his being either the person accused or an evidence against somebody else, all which was denied by the Visitors. He carried with him a written Iefence, which they would not suffer to be read by their clerk, as he desired, because it was entitled a Defence against a charge; and the,, did not, they said, charge him with any thing whatever. To which he replied then he had nothing to answer. Pains were taken to explain to him the above question. He persisted in declaring that he had no answer to give but this, that he did not at all undersstand the meaning of the Question, if it was not designed to accuse him of transgressing the New Statute; if it was, he had brought a written Defence. He was at last permitted to read the Paper he carried with him, which contained free and severe strictures on every part of the Statute, with some reflections on the President, who was present, for having sworn obedience to the Statute; and concluded with an Appeal to the King as supreme Visitor of a College founded by the Crown. This meeting broke up without effecting M'. Camm's dismission. Soon after some of the Visitors who had been against M'. Camm & complained of his abusing the Visitation in what he read on the Statute, went to him to beg he would take their sons under his care, as they were dissatisfied with their progress under the President, who at that time had the care of the Grammar School till a Master should arrive. To this request M'. Camm readily agreed, so far as the Rules of the College would permit. At a subsequent visitation, when every body was made to expect that M'. Canun would certainly he dismissed, there appeared to be a large majority for amending the Statute so as that the passage for remcoving at pleasure should be omniticd, & thle other passage about holding additional priferment should not look back to affect Al'. Caumm. I thotighit this atflir settled. But at a visitation a few days ago an attempt was made for reviving the Statute in its original severity and rigor. Your Lordship's expressive & useful Letter on the subject was seasonably read for confirming the opposers of the Statute in their judgment. A few stood out to the last, betraying some anger at their disappointment. I am sorry to observe that the Governor was one, and that he should be so far off his guard as peevishly to blame the Visitors for letting M'. Camnn lead them by the nose, terms I think not fit to be used by the Governor or to the Visit 1767.] 524 ors, but such as shewed his motive for enforcing the Statute to spring from spite. The result was that all the Professors are to hold Livings but not without the consent of the Visitation first obtained. But having, as I fear, sufficiently tired your Lordship I beg leave to refer you for further particulars to my worthy friend the Bearer who is the Rev' M'. Richard Graham, upon his return to Queen's College in Oxford, of which he is a fellow, after almost 20 years' residence in William & Mary, to whom there never was any objection till he became a competitor with M'. Horrocks for the Presidentship, and then, what perhaps will surprize your Lordship, he was objected to for nothing but good nature. My Lord, I have lately joined with the Governor in recommending to your Lordship M'. Lee Massey & M'. Benjamin Sebastian, both candidates for Holy Orders. M'. Lee Massey is entirely ignorant of the Greek Language, which I objected to him; he said he was well satisfied that would be no bar to him, as he was acquainted with some whom your Lordship has lately ordained for this part of the World as unacquainted with that language as himself. As M'. Massey bears a very good moral character, but especially as he brought me the Governor's recommendatory Letter, to avoid giving offence I signed it I am, my Lord, Your Lordship's Most dutiful, most obliged and obedient Servant, W"T ROBINSON. M'. ROBINSON to the BISHOP of LONDON. VIR;INIA, KING & QUEEN COUNTY, Oct. 16, 1767. Mv LbOw, Your Letter of Dec' o1, 1766, is at present before me, which I have deferred answering until I could get, through the means of M'. Camim, proper information concerning the points you mention from England. The Clergy receive no satisfaction from the short account sent by M'. Canm's agent. M'. Camm's correspondent who was present during the late Trial at the Cockpit is much more particular. He attributes our ill success to the strange 525 [1 767. behaviour of Lord N. From what he could gather from Lord N.'s discourse, had the cause been tried before him at first when M'. Camm attended it in England, or before Lord Hardwick lately, the Clergy would have succeeded. A hard circumstance which human foresight could not provide against. We are further acquainted that Lord N. would not permit the merits of the cause to be tried nor the grand question to be decided as of too high a nature for the most honorable Privy Council or the members then met to determine, and that the cause was finally dismissed under pretence that the action was laid wrong. And yet my Lord in the Judgment that is to come hither there is no notice taken we are told of any flaw in the action, but the Judgement of of the General Court appears to be fully affirmed of its merits. This account of very exceptionable proceedings is but too much confirmed by the opinions of two eminent persons, in the Law transmitted by the said Correspondent to M'. Cammn, one of them who was employed in the cause from the beginning, justifies M'. Camm's notions in all essential points; avers that the actions could not be laid better or otherwise than it was laid; that the Assembly plainly exercised a dispensing power in the disputed act; that all acts in the Colonies confirmed by the Crown may be evaded upon the same principles ori which the standing Act respecting the Clergy here has been evaded, 'and thai if we could prevail with the most Honorable the Privy Council to enter upon the merits of the case, it is hardly possible for it to be given against us. As to the actions being brought wrong it was conducted by the Instructions of the late Ferdinando Paris, whom M'. Caimm relied upon as the best advice, having heard the late Earl of Granville tell Paris that from his skill and long experience he understood Plantation affairs the best of any body. The above account of hard proceedings and unlucky circumstances is farther confirmed by the account of this affair from M'. Montague, the Colony's agent in Letters to the Committee of correspondence here, and to his private friends one of which letters was read in the House of lBurgesses to the admiration of many in the I louse and in the Gallery. As far as I can learn lie ascribes his success to the friendship and patronage of Lord N.; to his own dexterity in contriving to bring on the cause before Lord N., ere ill lHeath or other means should have removed him from the Board, and to his getting, when lie found the Clergy were getting, the Bishops, certain Judges to sit,.the striking part of whose Characters he knew to be not a regard for the Clergy or Religion. All which communication has obtained the Author we hear, among his friends, 1767.] 526 the character of a bad man but a good Agent. Now, my Lord, if a point of Law involves a question of too high a nature for our highest Court of Judicature to consider and determine, if they cannot or will not take upon them to decide which of two Acts essentially contradictory are to be deemed Law, it is the same thing in effect to the Clergy as a formal determination against them and so their adversaries will be sure to interpret it. If the merits of a cause which our adversaries dreaded can be shoved aside by such means as the above mentioned, under the pretence that the action is brought wrong, and yet that circumstance be sunk in the Judgment and the Judgment be so worded as if the merits had been given against us, this will be a much greater triumph to the Enemies of the Clergy, than if the merits had been duly considered and fairly given against them. For their Enemies will infallibly conclude that in any cause, be their pretentions ever so unjust and unreasonable they have nothing to fear in a dispute with the Clergy. On the other hand the Clergy cannot be persuaded to place any confidence in what has been done already for them if more be not done for them. They begin to feel themselves reduced to that condition which they dread, that of finding no protection in the Crown and being left to the will and pleasure of the Vestry in each parish, instead of enjoying what they imagined to be an Establishment in this Church of England Colony. However before they acquiesce under so dismal a prospect they think of bestirring themselves once more to make another effort. There is M'. Warrington's cause against the two penny Act now depending in the General Court. It was ready for Trial as soon as M'. Camm's, but has been hitherto refused a trial by the Court under pretence of saving charge (for one cause they said would determine the whole), as if the saving expence could be an object when the expence was to be defrayed out of the public funds by order of the Assembly. The true reason of this proceeding we believe was, that in the opinion of the Lawyers and the Judges, M'. Warrington's cause stood upon rather better legs than M'. Camm's or at least that the one would assist the other and augment our chance for success. 1 cannot help remarking here by the by on the inconsistency between the reasons given by the Court for their hitherto refusal of a lHearing to M'. Warrington's cause an I the' management on the other side with respect to M'. Camm's. For according to the Court M'. Camn's cause was to represent all causes of the like kind and according to the objections of the Defendants which the Court received, it was to be overset because the action was 527 [1767. laid wrong, an objection that could reach no cause but the single one it was made in. When M'. Robert Carter Nicholas first produced this objection in the General Court, and harangued much on the hardships that would follow if the Clergy should succeed in their suit, in which case a poor innocent Collector or two in each Parish must suffer, he argued the whole damages for doing what they could not help, for doing what was imposed upon them by the Legislature, &c. This drew upon him the laugh and contempt of both of the hearers on both sides for various reasons. First, because it was of public notoriety that the Collectors of M'. Camm's Parish had all along acted under the direction of the Vestry both in resolving to stand and in conducting the suit, that the Vestry had made the cause their own and the Assembly had indemnified the Vestry. Secondly, because nothing could imply a severer reflection on his Country than a supposition that each parish would permit (in case of the Clergy's success in the Suit and of their recovery of Damages), the whole sum which the parish had pocketed to be repaid by a poor innocent collector or two. Thirdly, because le did then and on other public occasions proftss great strictness of conscience and much respect for the Clergy. Fourthly, because he raised a very great crop in the scarce year, is very rich and could not be the object of any charitable act. The two penny act tho' it gave leave to pay a low rate did not refuse those a liberty of paying by the Rules of Justice who should be so minded. Here then was a fair field for M'. Nicholas's conscience and respect for the Clergy to exert and display themselves in. What did they dictate to Him on this occasion? To pay the Clergy in Tobacco or the worth of it, which he could have better afforded to do in that year than in any other? No! he sold the Tobacco due from him to the Clergy, as well as the rest of his crop, at the highest rate, and paid off the Clergy with one third of the value, not as one might have expected his conscience and respect for the Clergy to direct, but as the righteous act permitted. This same Man of Conscience and respect for the Clergy was the Penner of that hasty, unweighed, inaccurate, crude, false, and invidious I listory of the Presidents and Masters of the College which.your Lordship will have received before this letter arrives from the Visitors and Governors of the College, and which I shall have occasion to take more notice of by and by. I beg your Lordship's pardon for this digression. I was going to represent to your Lordship that the Clergy will join in the expence of carrying M'. Warrington's Cause to England. A special verdict was given for him with considerable 1767.] 528 Damages in the County Court by a Jury of his own Parishioners, and a general Verdict with greater damages would have been given had it not been prevented by two of the Jury who had a private quarrel with the Minister. The Court gave the point of Law against him, and it came by appeal before the General Court. So that we conceive nothing can be in dispute but the point of Law, the Validity of the Act in question, and the true merits of the cause. It indeed is laid against the Collector who is dead and has left no Effects and therefore cannot suffer. But the cause, the Lawyers tell us, may be continued by a Scire facias. If the General Court still refuse to try it or deny an appeal, the Clergy will apply to your Lordship, as their natural Patron to beg your intercession for a Mandamus to cause it to be tried here, and removed before the most Honble the Privy Council. The Clergy think themselves under a necessity of acting thus if for nothing else, to put off the Evil Day. For the present Crop is likely to be as small as that of the scarce year which produced the famous Two penny Act. And they make no doubt but the assembly would have found some plausible pretext for meeting this very fall, that they might have tried to worry the Governor into another Two penny or three half penny Act. And had not M'. Camm's trial been too recent and the success of it thought to have depended to much on favorable accidents, and were they not in expectation that A'. Warrington's cause would still be carried on. When the latter cause shall be ended, the Clergy must give up the contest till another two penny act shall rouse them into Action if they shall think it worth while to try their luck again. Disputes in the College, my Lord, are like to run as high as ever, as I think your Iordship will see plainly enough in the letter sent to your Lordship by the Visitors and Governors. The Visitors and Governors are perpetually clamoring for Discipline to preserve order and regularity among the Students, and yet for ever assuming such powers to themselves as render Iiscipline by the President and Masters impracticable. They persist in their opinion that the Charter gives them a power to remove members of a Corporation who are allowed to send a representative to the Assemibly at pleasure. For which I discern no remedy but a new and more explicit Charter. They will not, notwithstanding what your Lordship has said on that point suffer the Professors to hold such Livings as interfere not with their 1)uty in College. Nay, without that favor they would not gratify M'. Johnston, in a most reasonable proposal that of exchanging the School found disagreeable to him in this 529 [r767. Climate, the Salary of which is 150L Sterling a year, besides perquisites, for a professorship of a bare iooL Sterling a year. While this is the case, I think we have not much reason to expect that your Lordship cand send us the best and ablest professors from England. M'. Nicholas and two more were appointed a committee for drawing up an account of the proceedings of the Visitors in the Rejection of D'. Halyburton. They composed a long letter to your Lordship on various other matters, and instead of being blamed for exceeding their Commission, were thanked by the Visitation for their excellent performance. They appeal in it for the truth of what they say to the Orders and statutes, &c., of the Visitors. Nobody I believe ever compared it with the Journal of the said Orders and Statutes, &c., which I think would contradict it in almost every page. The Visitors in general made no such comparison, it is certain, before they gave it their sanction. Myself and some more were against sending any such Letter, but we were overruled. I then proposed that a Copy of it should be delivered to the President and Masters as there were passages in it which concerned them. This proposal I thougtht ill-reilished, as it was neither seconded nor replied to. However a Copy I understand is since allowed to the P'resident and Masters. The Visitors I sulppose on recollection were ashamed to have it said that such a motion had been rejected, and therefore some of them, I hear, have since said that my proposal was agreed to because no objection was raised. As the President and Masters have an opplortunity of refuting the I.etter I shall trouble your Lordship with nothing farther concerning that subject. My Countrymen, I must confess it, whatever cause it arise from, are evidently too fond of subjecting the necks of the Clergy and of the Professors of the College to the Yoke of despotic power which is sufficient to hinder Learning and Religion from striking deep root or acquiring much strength and vigor in the Colony. I sipeak my Se-ntiments, your Lordship will perceive, with freedomi and confidence. For were they made public here, I should suffer, not nuich in purse lperhalps, but very much in the opinion and estimation of my Countrymen for daring to prefier what I take to be their true interest and Glory to t that which I judlge to be the result of pelrv(rse Inclinations malde strong by early habits. The Bearer of this is M'. William Coutts, who waits on Your Lordship with a letter of recommendation from the Governor and myself in order to be admnittcd in I oly Orders. I amn, our Lordship's most obliged & most obedient Servant, t rW" ROIIINSON. 17691. 530 M'. HORROCKS to the BISHOP of LONDON. July 6h, 1769. My LORD, Tho' the subject I now write upon is not fully settled among us, I thought it might not be improper to lay before your Lordship what has been already done in it. In the close of the last year at a meeting of the Clergy which I had requested for the purpose of paying our dutiful compliments to Lord Botecourt upon his a-rival, M'. Camm, took an opportunity of proposing to our consideration the Revd M'. XWarrington's Cause relating to the Two penny Act which was the last Oct' Court here determined upon the Fate of Mh. Camm's, and as an appeal tho' solicited was refused, he recommended an application for the King's Mandamus to remove this cause to England. A Committee was then appointed consisting of Mess" Camm, Warrington, Johnson, Davis, Hamilton, and myself, to determine the propriety of this measure. I took upon myself to advise the prosecuting this matter no farther, and to let it remain where it was. This being not approved of, this Committee met May 25t', when a petition, drawn up by M'. Camm to his Excellency the Governor, was read for his favor and permission to remove this Cause, to order to have it tried before the most Honorable the Privy Council. Upon this occasion, my Lord, I made my objection to the taking such a step, and offered my reasons for doing so. I said I was very apprehensive that what had been determined already by L" Northington when President of the Council, tho' perhaps it could not properly be called a Determination, as the Dismission of this Cause seems to have arisen from a collateral, and not the main point of the merits of it, might prove a foundation for rejecting a hearing of it if nothing worse. I mentioned too I was of opinion there was a recent case directly against us. It is well known that the Legislature of New England passed an Act with a Clause to it, which proved offensive to the House of Lords, so much so, that as we learn from the English papers, it was proposed to render that Act null aud void, ab Origine. But that this could not be done was the opinion of that House. Your Lordship must know best the circumstances of this matter. If they are such as I have now mentioned, the 2 Cases I apprehend will be similar, and if a Declaration of an Act's being null and void ab origine could not be effected in that of N. England, it hardly would in ours. 531 [1769. Upon the whole I was persuaded there was little prospect of Success to this Cause, that there was no reason to apprehend any farther attempts of the sort, and that all things well weighed it would appear to be for the Interest and tranquility of the Clergy to rest satisfied with what has been already done. It was then proposed to me that whatever might be my own private opinion, that I would present the Petition to the Governor, as the Cause might suffer if I did not appear in its behalf. I observed to them that nothing should induce me to act so disingenuous, and absurd a part as to present to my Lord, or any other person, what I had formerly disapproved of. M'. Hamilton, Chaplain to his Excellency the Governor, was then appointed for this purpose and the 29th of the last month fixed for another Meeting. This Committee, met at a Tavern in this City, within the Bounds of a Prison, within which Bounds a member of the Committee was lodged for Debt, in many other respects a Man of a very bad character. At this meeting I was not present and indeed was not made acquainted with the place of it. Soon after it, I received a Letter from Mr. Camm the Clerk of the Committee, desiring my attendance at the same place the next day. I returned for answer that as I saw no good reason for removing these Meetings from the College, where they were usually and I thought properly held, to a Tavern, I hoped they would excuse my attendance. What was done upon that day, June 30th, 1 have not been able to learn, tho' I find that the petition has not been yet presented to the Governor. If my Lord I have been too particular in laying all the circumstances of this Business before you, my Apology must be that I thought it the only way for your Lordship to be thoroughly informed of it and the part I had taken in it. I shall be extremely solicitous to be acquainted with your opinion upon this subject. I had not time to wait for it, and I can only assure your Lordship that what I have done in this Affair was the Result of much thought & reflection, which it seem'd justly to call for. I can, my Lord, have no doubt in my own mind about the Iniquity of the Act in Question. But for the Reasons above mentioned, as well as that I apprehended the administration would not wish for more American embarrassments, and this certainly would prove a whole Colony's Concern, conceiving little or no hopes of success to this Cause, I formed my opinion, which I perceive has given much offence to M'. Camm, and to some others, who think with him.-Besides, my Lord, if it be admitted that there are real cases which require moderation and a forgiving I770.] 532 Temper of mind, I cannot help looking upon this to be one wherein it would not be unbecoming us to shew so Christian a Disposition. I have the honor to be, Your Lordship's most obliged & devoted Servant, J. HORROCKS. JULy 7. (P. S.) Apprehending, my Lord, that as a Member of the Committee, I had a right to see the Minutes of the Proceedings, I this day wrote to M'. Camm, desiring to have the Perusal of them. Mr. C., has not thought proper to comply with my request, but tells me he shall act by the Direction of the Gentlemen who composed the Committee when he shall see them together again. Extract of a Letter from Mr. President NELSON. VIRGINIA, Nov' 15th, 1770. To LORD HILILSROROUGH, The Instruction 67, in the latter part of it, says: "And if any person (that is Minister), preferred already to a benefice shall appear to you to give scandal either by his Doctrines or his manners, you are to use the proper & usual means for the removal of him." It is with pleasure, my Lord, I can say that we have but very few, yet some we have who come under this Description, but the misfortune is I doubt that at this time we have no proper & regular means in this country to remove such for want as I conceive of the Bishop of London having any power in this respect from his Majesty, which power when obtained he might delegate to his Commissaries & this would enable them to hold Jurisdiction & to enquire into the Orthodoxy, Morals or neglect of Duty of the Clergy or to suspend or deprive on proper occasions. By the Constitution I apprehend we acknowledge our Sovereign to be supreme in Ecclesiastical as well as civil affairs, and by this supremacy it is (the plantations being properly as yet in no diocess), that his Majesty formerly by a special commission authorized the Bishop of London to exercise Episcopal Jurisdiction in his American domin 533 ['771. ions, & by this commission he was empowered to delegate this authority to his Commissaries who have held proper courts with the assistance of two Assessors to enquire into disorders of this kind, but I cannot find that any Bishop of London hath had such a Commission since the time of D'. Edmund Gibson, of that See, and consequently no such courts have been held here since that era. Some men however have thought that the General Court can by virtue of the act constituting the same and declaring its Jurisdiction, take cognizance of such matters, in consequence of which opinion 2 suits of this sort have been instituted, but both abated by death. As it is a subject of doubt, may I be permitted to entreat your Lordship to cause the enclosed state of the case to be laid before his Majesty's Attorney & Sol' General for their opinion, which will have the greatest weight. I declare upon my honor that I do not ask this with respect to any particular person or cause, as I do not know that any such is intended to be commenced. Extract of a Letter from Mr. President NELSON to Lord HILLSBOROUGH. APRIL 17t, 1771. Since the Receipt of your Lordship's dispatch which I am now answering, I have seen a copy of Bishop Gibson's Commission from his late Majesty, the Preamble of which sets forth that "Whereas, the Colonies, Plantations and our other Dominions in America are not divided or formed nor are annexed to any Diocess in Great Britain," therefore power and authority is given to his Lordship to hold Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in the Colonies, &c., & to delegate this power to his Commissaries, and I know that since this power expired by the death of D'. Gibson the Commissaries have had no other appointment than by letters from the succeeding Bishops of London, which they have not thought a sufficient authority for themi to enter into the Discussion of Ecclesiastical matters, and permit me, my Lord, to observe that for want of such au 1776.] 534 thority they cannot have that weight, respect and influence with the clergy which would give dignity to the office and prove in the end beneficial to the cause of Religion. If a Commission is not sent to the Commissary I beg your Lordship to favor me with the opinion of the Attorney and Solicitor General on the subject of the Jurisdiction of the General Court on this point, for a cause hath lately been instituted against a minister for immoralities in which the point of Jurisdiction of the Court is by consent of the parties to be argued in Oct' next, and such opinions, though not definitive will have great weight. To the R' Revd Father in God, RICHARD, Lord Bishop of London. WELLS, Sept' 16h, 1776. THE MEMORIAL OF CHA' WOODMASON, CLERK, HUMBLY SHEWETH, That thro' much sickness brought on him through his great fatigues in traversing the Back Country of Carolina, He was induced (for the establishment of his health), to accept an offer made him of the Parish of Broomfield in Culpeper County in Virginia. But unwilling to quit his charge till relieved, He waited so long the arrival of a successor as mean while to loose that Parish, which being kept vacant xI months was granted away (fearing its lapse to the Gov'), while your memorialist was on his Journey. But provision was made for him by the Towns of Falmouth and Fredericksburgh, a liberal subscription being raised to fix him as their Lecturer, and he might have gained some other Parish, had not the Virginians entered into resolves to elect none for their Ministers, but natives of America only. His quitting this agreeable situation was occasioned by an invitation into 535 [1776. Maryland made him by the late Walter Dulany, Esq', Commissary Gen', where he waited in expectation of a benefice, being recommended to the Hon"M Gov' Eden, the members of the Council & principals of Maryland; where during his stay he made many excursions to the frontiers, visiting occasionally the vacant missions of York & Carlisle in Pennsylvania. But here (as elsewhere), the Sectaries took great pains to destroy his correspondence, and by intercepting his Letters, discovered him to be the author of several Essays published in the American papers in defence of Episcopacy & the Clergy & Church of England, in answer to their malicious libels. These replies gave them such offence, as for Virginia being denounced against the writer, hence he sustained such vexations, as rendered his situation extremely disagreeable if not dangerous; being held up to the public as a spy of Government and an Enemy to the liberties of America. The Rancour might have subsided, had he signed their Association or engaged in their measures, to which he was much pressed. His public disavowal of their proceedings by reading the Homily of Obedience on Sunday, May 29'h, & the service of that day, & refusing to publish in his congregation a paper sent by the County Committee, stiled "a Brief for collecting money for relief of the poor of Boston (but in fact to purchase ammunition), so provoked these Gentlemen, that he was advised to consult his -safety by returning to England. That your Memorialist when abroad was well known to many Gentlemen now in England, as the Rev' M'. Addison, M'. Jon" Boucher, M'. Gwatkin, M'. Edmiston & others of the Clergy, & not unknown to the Hon" Sir Rob' Eden who can testify the rectitude of his principles, regularity of conduct, & diligence in his calling. Your Memorialist further begs leave to represent to your Lordship, That his substance as well as health, has been much impaired by his public Labors, & the preambulatory Life he was engaged in, having thrice crossed the ocean, gone over 401 miles of ground in the various provinces and baptized 2o0 subjects. That his zeal for the Church exposed him to all the Malice, Bitterness & persecution of the Dissenters, enough to break the heart of the stoutest man. That his voyage home was the most perilous imaginable, in which he suffered the severest hardships, & had his effects ruined; from all which his constitution now suffers extremely thro' frequent attacks of the Rheumatism, and 1776.] 536 his finances herefrom are now so reduced as to oblige him to have recourse to the assistance of others, till his circle be enlarged. WHEREFORE Your Memorialist humbly entreats the favor of your Lordship's suffrage in the Committee for relieving the American Clergy, That their Bounty out of the Donations received may be extended to him under his present Infirmities. And your Memoaialist (as in duty bound), shall ever pray, &c. CHARLES WOODMASON. NOTES. WE preface the brief illustrative matter we would append to this volume with a transcript of the draft of a charter for the creation of a bishopric in Virginia, found among the papers of Sir Leoline Jenkins, LL.D., an English statesman and civilian, deposited originally in the library of Jesus College, Oxford. The manuscript is at present in the library of All Souls' College, Oxford,* and a copy, that. from which we print this document, was secured by the Bishop of Tennessee, while in England in 1867, and has been contributed by him to the Archives of the American Church.t Notices of Sir Leoline Jenkins, attesting his interest in the missionary work of the Church of England, may be found in Anderson's History of the Colonial Church, I., 281, 282, 359-363. His letters and papers, with a sketch of his life, were printed in two volumes; folio, in j 1724, by William Wynne, and filly attest his zeal and piety. The query in Sir Leolinrc's handwriting appended to this draft-- by whom it was drawen? "-finds its probable answer in a MS. journal kept by the Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., first Bishop-designate of Nova Scotia, while in England, in whose hands was placed, by the Bishop of London, " the original patent made out by Sir Orlando Bridgeman for an American Bishop in the reign of Charles II." Sir Orlando Bridgeman was made keeper of the great seal on the fall of Clarendon. *MS. 238, fol. 152, 153, 154. f Vide Journal of the Gen. Conv., 1868; Proceedings of the House of Bishops, pp. 228, 229. SVidt The Early and Professional Years of Bishop Hobart, by John McVickar, D.D. (English Edition), page 177. 68 [Draft for tihe Creation of a Bishoprick in Virginia, from the All Souls' College, MS. 238,/ ol. 152, 153, 154.1 Carolus 2" Dei Gratia Angl: Sc: Fr: & Hib: Rex. Fideci D)efensor &c. Omnibus ad Quos ive pervenrint Litcra: Salutem. Cumn Deus Opt: Max: ex Divina sua Providentia ac Gratia Regiones quasdam Americanas, & Tesritoria amplissinia, Insulasque plurimas in Oceano Occidentali scu Atlantico Sitas, Imperio nostro subjicere dignatus sit; in quibus Colonike, diversis temporibus, c Regnis nostris Europeis transmissae, multis etiam aliarum nationum homninibus tam exteris quamn indigenis in Societatemn admissis; Dei Benedictione in populumn numerosissimumn excreverunt, indiesque augentur. Quid Deo, quid Subditis delbeamus non immemores, summanm etiaso in Ecclesiasticis potestatern nobis a Regimns Rege concessamn pre oculis habentes: Sciatis, nos in animium induxisse Ecclesiamn Dei, non solum in ditionibus nostris in partibus illis stabilire, verum etiam Dci fretos auxilio, latits propagare. Cuin itaquei inter oisnia nostra Terrioria Regis et Plantatio Virginia dicts non soliia sit oniniium aliarinmi optinse spei, ita super terra rfirma continenti, propter plenitudinemi gcntitin, Indtoruicmq nsultitudinen ad Elccilesisu augeni:am, verumin chain culim sit oinnium pirimia ct antiquissina, iquaitsi Altia mater, unide rcliqiuc plaiitatioiiies osrigineinm lsxersits et aithsic illats et nos annuis rctdtititus foeat; ct Fcclsisi Aiiglicanre sesipivr RevCeentium sctitamii prestitcrit: Ideo Curaiu nostrans magis pronmeretur: illatt cum oiniiiis us alijs plantaitioniuts nosiris Americatiis, stub prestantissina Ecclsi s fornma ac tRegiminie, stabilire ac Confirmarc Statuinius. sumutq nihil magis decorsis sit, aut recto-ordlini conscntaneum; quamn ut omnes Ecclesit nostre ucbicunt terrarum site, vel posite fuerint, sub una ecclcsiastici regiminis forina redticantur; tit ex inde ipopuiili nostri oamnes, caniidemi in sacris doctrinam, canideiq adit Deum Oiinipotentem preces suis ieffiuindendi rationemn, uniforisesm denique in Ecclesiasticis disciplinam sortiantur: et ium nulla alia Ecclesiaim gubernandi forma, prater illamn Archiepiscsoporum et Episcoporuss in reliquis nostris ditionibus, reperiatur; quam experientia longa annorium serie rohorata, nobis et progenitoritbus nostris msaxitne Commendavit. Proinde sit Rcgis illa Virginia, cuin sxteris ditionibus tiostris ctetin iastici Regiminis similittidiineim nasciscatur, matura consideratione ea de re prists habita: DIcreviimus ct ita stat placittii nostrumn ac Voluntans Regia: Quod Ecclesie taii presetites quasi fiutirn in prasdita regione Virginia ct in reliquis oniibus plantationinus nostris Amiericanis, infra nsominatis vel allis America locis nobis siusjectis (sut quaitiinivis longo intervallo sce inter se, scu a nobis sint dissite, ine tamen videantur a nobis divisa vel Ecclesix alise & diverse) sint Una Eademiq Ecclesia cumn Ecclesia Anglicana, et partes et nimembra cjusdesn Ecclesie, cum eademn doctrina disciplina ac regimine: Sicuti per presentes quod Ecclesia in priedictis regionibus, 'pro una cademique Ecclesia cum Ecclesia Anglicana, sub eademn doctrinadisciptina ac regimine Constituta, sit in filturum habenda reputanda dijudicanda denomninanda et declaranda in serpetuumn Decernimus & Ordinamus. 539 Quamobrem De Pietate Prudentia Sedulaq Cura Reverendissimi in Christo Patris Gilberti D: Archi-Ep: Cant: totius Angl: Primat: & Metropolit: plurimum confidentes, priedictam Ecclesiarw & Regionern de Virginia cum omnibus ditionibus, sell pilantationibus nostris Anmericanis infra nominatis, et omnibus aliis Americe locis nobis subjectis, tuna cum ipsartim Ecclesiis presentibust ac futuris, sub Archi-Episcopali Sede Provincie Cant: et sub predicti Revt"'P: Gilb: I): Archi-Ep: Cant. &c.: et successorum suorum Cura, Regimine Authoritate & Jurisdictione (simili pari codem et non. alio modo, quomnodo nunc qutilibet alia Sedes Episcopalis, sive.Diocausis in Regno nostro AnglicrT et sub Authoritate et Jurisdictione praulictie Sedis Archi-Ep. Cant. et sub Authoritate et Jurisdic:tione pr:cdicti Revi" Patris Gilb. I), Archi-Ep. Cant. &c. et Successormui suorttm) subirdinare & subjiccre D)ccrevimus & Stattuintus. Sicuti per presentcs Regionen et Ecclesians Virg: cumi infra nominatis pilantationibus ct onittbus aliis locis nobis subjectis cum cartindem Ecclcsiis presentibus & ftituris, ita et codes modo, ut stupra dictuni, siubordinatas et subljecta esse in perpetuum Ordtinamus & declaramus. Insuper Ratione habita de statu et Conditione Ecclesie Virginia, et reliquarum nostrarum Regionum in America: quod nondumn iis debito itodo ac Jure concessa fiterit Authoritas aliqua, seu Jurisdictio, qua sub externa politia seu forma Eccla: esset stabilita: pro fide Confirmanda sive propaganda, seu ad mores corrigendos, Ordinemq Pacemqi Ecclesie Stabiliend. & Conservand. unde animarum salus omnimodo pendet: Idcirco ne duitius ipericlitetur Ecclesia Americana, Divina nos inspiranite Clementia, nihil uiagis ex animo affcctantes, qluatn it vera Religio Vertusq cDei Cultus non modo instituattir sed in initegruin etiaim restitutiatur et ad primitivain stie genuinitc sanctitatis niorsmam reforietusr, Correctisq entorutitatibus ill iiuas vita & profcssio Christiana loingo tempiorumn lapsu deplorabliliter exorbitaverat: Operatim lalbinitis quatenus huttiana proislicere potst ii firinitics, Ut in poIisterimt ibitdem PJasttres dottriina et miortini probitate ti(ctabiles, et Canonicain Ordinationern nacti, ritcil instituti, in dccblesiis d ite constitutis stabiliantur.: ibiq iitniis stuui poistorae dligne exequtiantur, stipendliis placide friiantur, ac Revercntia is deblclita decorentur: Sacruruiii eloquioruiii dloctitienta et saluitifere nostrxe redemptionis Sacramncnta, pure adiniistrenutur; bonorutim morumi dlisciplina sin:cre olbscrvetur, Jutivents in literis litberaliter instittiattir, presertisi inter Indos Evangelium protimulgeutir et propagettir, Nomen Dci Santtificetur, Pictas Charitasq inter omnes foveantur & Conserventutir, Caxteraque ounis generis Piitatis officia, illine exubelranter in ominia vicinia loca longe lateil dtifininare possint, ad Deci Otntijipoteitis Gloriam ct Sublitoruni nostrorul omntiumn coninitneis utilitatem fa-licitateitquet Quiapropter Nos Considtcrantes quod Scitus ntuper dictte Regionis Virg. ilbitdein Civitas Jacobi sit dicta, et IEcclesii ibidemi: sit locus aptuis Convcniens ct t:cessaritts pro instittueltlo crigentdo ordinatndo ect Stabilienido Scdelt Episcopliale et Icciiilesit (Cathclralcii, Onipotentt i i)c in peripetuO Servitur: ipisuin scittim dictii nitper regionis Virg: ac locuimn Civitatis Jacobi, ct Eccie sie ibideli in Sedcii Episcipalemi ac in IEccleisia Cathed-letn, Creari Erigi fiundari t& Stabiliri Decrevinuitis pro it per iprsentes D)ccrnimus: ac Lcandei Civitatein Jactbli et Ecclesiaut ejusdeIII, Sedem Eptiscopalem et Ecclcsiam Cathcdralctm rcaliter et afd plenutm Creamus, Erigimnus fitlndaunits Ordinauitis lfaciutis Constituinus & Stlabilimus perpetuis fituris temporibus duriter: ac sic stabiliri ac in pIerlpetuum inviolabiliter observari Voltinius & Jubeuiis per prcsentis. Volntiitis itaq et per presentes Ordinamus, qiuuld Ecclesia Cathtedralis priedicta sive sedes Eipiscopalas, sit et deinceps in perpetuuim erit Ecclesia Cathedralis & Scles Episcopalis: ac quad tota Villa nostra Jacobi urbis ex nunc et deinceps in perpetuunim sit Civitas ipsanui Civitateni Jacobi urbis vocari 540 appoilari et nominari Volunus et Docemimus ac ox dicta Civitate & Rogiono cum omnibus ditionibus sou piantationibus nostris Amoricanis infra nominatis, ot omnibus ahiis Amoricr locis nobis subjectis Diorxsim ifacimlus & Ordinanus per prosentes; iilansq Diocaesim Virg: in porpotuum similiter vocari appeliari nuncupari ot nonminari Volumus & Ordinamus. Utui. hec Nostra Intentio debitum & uberiorem sortiatur effectum: Nos do Sciontia soribus probitato & prudentia Dilecti.. piurimurn Confidentos: eundem.. ad Episcopatum dictme Sedis Virg: Nominamus et Eligimus ac ipsuni.... Episeopum Virg: per presentes Eligiusus Nominamus facimus et Creamus. Et Volumus ac per lresentes Concedimus & Ordinamus: quod ides Episcopus sit Corpus ineorporatum in re & nomine; ipsusq pro uno Corpore I)eclaramuss Acceptanus Ordinamus facimus ce Constituimus in perpetusm: habeatq. sucressionct iierpctuam: ac ejuod ipse et suecessores sui, per dictun nosen Episcop. Virg. noninabitur & Vocabitur in perpetnum: Nosinabuntur & Vocabuntur in Perpetusm ct quod ipse et successores ssi per dicturm nomen et sub ro nomine prosequi, Claiare iilacitare et Implacitari defendere & lefendi, Respondere & Responderi in quibuscunq Curiis et locis Regni nostri, Doniniorut nostroruns Jurisdictioeuts ct protestatuns nostrarum hWeredum ct successoruni nostroruns, ac alibi: in ct suner omnibus ce siegulis Causis, Actionibus Sectis bresibus Juribus queerelis et denandis roalibus personalibus ct mixtis tam tensioratibas quas spiritsalibuis, ct in onsnibus aliis relius Cansis Ce materiis quibiiscusq. Et quod per Idese Nosen Manneria Dousinia terms tenemeita Reetorias petees portiones ct alia quiicunq lissreditanenta possessiones profiena ct Emolumenta, tam spiritualia sive Ecciesiastics, quain temporalia ce alia qe -ecunuq per literas iatentes vel aliter prafato Episcopo ce Successorilius suis, per nos seu hbredes nostros, debito inodo faciendas; vel per qnaescunq alian personan sen quasciisq alums personas, secitndsin leges nostras ct ixeredun sivo Successorum nostroruni dandas scs conceilendas, Cimpere recitiere gandere ct perqoirere; ac dare alenare ai: d11inottere possit ct possint saleat et valcait et geiseraliter omnia atia ct singula, recipero galuderm ct fmccre, pro tit ci em iisdeus conceditur: coq siodo et foruma iuibis usuteri E'piscopi iifra regnuin nostrumn Auglixe, recipere ant facere possint ant potuerunt, ant aliquis aliss,E piscopits infra Regnns nostruns Auglix: recipere at facere mossit ant potuit, ct eon atiter nec utlo atio modo. Et Ultecius Volunius ct Ordinamuits piod Ecclesia Cathedralis prxedicta. sit ct deinceps it perpetuutm crit Ecclesia Camtliotralis ci Sedes Episcopalis dieti... ce Suecessoruim suortuss de Civitate Jacobi Urliis Virg. isaisiq i'Eclesiaiis Cathelcraleiss bonoribus, dignitatius et iusigniis Sedis Episcoiialis, per iresenites ilesoris;s s eaiiiieniiii Sedemi Fpiscisaleimi prefato... ce Succesoribus suiii pluisimpis Virg. i)Dasus &k Coiii:eiliisiss per presentes halaetl. & Gaimleulend. citlein it Sil(icssuritiiis sins in ietprlsettiinm, as: etialo Volunius c Ordinanin s tier preseites quod prafatus..... et Successoces sui Episcopi Virg. Oninisiosldans Jmirisdictioneti, potestatem et Attllioritatein, Ordinarias ct Episcomiales infra pradietam Ecclesias Cathedralem de Civitate Jacoiii Urbis ce Diociesimu predicians: et infra rcciqiis alias Ecelesias iscesentes et fmturcas in reliquis onenibus nostris iDictionibus Regioniiss Doominiis vel plantationihsus Americanis infeciiis noininatis et oninibus aliis Auserics. locis nobis silijeetis Esxrcece facece et uti liossit ct debeat, possiut et debeasnt ct in lain anpis, nioto et forma iiro ut aliquis almus Episcopius in hoc l Regno nustru Auglive infra Diocesins suaon secundum leges nostcas esercere facere ct Uti isosuit solet ce debet ct eon aliter eec ulto alio modo: et quod dictus Episcopus Virg: et Sucressores sub Episcopi Virg. deinreps in iiermetmium habeant Sigillum Commune Astheeticum sen Sigilla Authentiha, pro rebus et negotiws suis agendis inservitura; ad omnen Juris eflectum similibua modo et 541 forma et non aliter nec aliquo alio modo, quam a~ii Episcopi aliarum Ecciesiaruns Cathedralium infra hoe Regnum nostrum Angliat habent aut habere possint, seu eorumn aliquis habet aut habere possit, aut quovis modo potuit. Proeterea Volentes Reliquas omnes alias nostras Regiones et plantationes Ansericanas, sub uno eodemq ordine ac Regimine, et sub eadem doctrina et disciplina Authoritate et Jurisdictione Constituere et stabilire: Decrevimus, eas osunes rum ipsarum Ecctcsiis presentibus et futuris, adjungere et Unire proedictie Ecceairia et Dioceasi Virg: Sicuti per presentes, eas omnes et singulas Viz. Singulas Ditiones seu plaistationes nostras, versus Borean a Virginia: sive Nova Anglia sive Novum Eboracum, aut aliqua alia interinedia loca, sive super terra firma et Continenti sive super Insulis adjacentibus, auit super reliquis nostris Insulis Americanis Vuilgo Dictis Bermudas Barbadlos S' Christofers Antis-go Nievis Montserrat cum reliquis Caribis Insulis adjacentibus, usa cum Insula nositra Jamaica: adjuncta et unitas esse prxdictae Diociesi Virg. easq omines et singuilas ptrietictas plantationes, et Regiones Coeteraq Americat lora nobis subjecta, partes~et mem-bra prxilictx Dioca~seos esse et fore ad omines intentiones prius recitatLi Declarainns Statunius et Ordinamnus: usq quo Nobis vel Successoribus nostris visum fuerit pranlictam Dioceesim- dividere. Votuitnus tamies et pier presenies Dectaratnlus quod dictuis et suiccessores sui Episcopi Virginia: Episcopalerm Jurisdictioneni et Authoritatem suani Novam Angliani nulto niodo exerccant, sed suttditos nostros infra Novam Atigliam inhabitantes ab omni EpiscopaIi Regitnine et Authoritate tmimunes titmeros et totatiter cxensptos case Votutnus, tbonec aliter a nobis ordination fuerit. Deniq Voteutes Comnioditates pr dicti Episcopi et Successoruns suorum Uberius, Seiatis Qnod Nos dic Gratia, nostra spcctati ac ex certa scicutia, mero motu, et miatura deliberatione nosiris, tDeditinus & Concessinius ac. per presentei 1)amus et Concediinus prx~dicto... tania Vectigatia nostra e~x Necottino, Vulgo Custons & Excise of lotbaco, quanta stint nobis debita ex quinquaginta tunnts in ptoitu Londini: eadentq Vectigalia requireuda a Cottectoribus vet Continissionariis Vecntigalium nostrortini ptro temnpore, iii portu Londini pr.adicti et ab iisdem solveitta anit reinittenda prxrdiito I pisiopo eel ipsinis ant ipsoruns assignatis annuatimi nisq quo nobis viel Suicrasorthus instris visuin fuerit aliter previdere ad quain Soltutioneni vet reinissionein faicid tin Conmtissionariis & Collectoribus nostris pro temlipore ibidern -ro prescittes pri-ecipitlits et Msandlamus altI priminai Solutiotten set remossioneni fieri cx pritnis ilictis vectigaliltis ito stris post ulatusni prescittiuto: ad qlive cucquenda ttie pre-Senics pro ditirortini Coliccoiorni eel Comminsstoitartorttm ertiut Warraitto. tratera cxspcciali gratia, creta sciciitia, inero itotti, ac inatuira deliheratione nostr-is, lDeliiiits ci Coitcessiniiis at per iresentes lDaittts & Concedimius prxdmicto................... Otiiiia profitcua itostra a fuiido orientia in Jatmaica Vulgo Quit Rents & E'schuats dicta, cutu oinnibus ipsoruisi Arrearagiis in puratn et pertettiam Eteitosittan aut iroprixui p~rxdirti Ettiscotti et suicressoruiti suoriuti tisutit: cadcmiq profictia requiretita recipictida at solveitia ab onitibtis a qIitituts (Iituotitet inoun stint ilebita itobis, sive a Ciuttectoributs itostr-is yel atii, ad] qitam solutitoncii facicuttain Gtitleritatori tostro pro icintore ct Concilin ibideit tier tresenttis presci. pititus et Maittanmuis ut urwduicto Etiscotto et successoribus sitis atit ijisins vet ipsortim asigitatis vet Cottectoribus oniincin opem ac justitiatis absque utora triebeatit. IEý't Quoniam Ordo & pax tans Ecciesia: qn in Reipub. Coinmuni consitin egeni, propterca Volumus ac per presentes Ordittanus ut proedictus............c surressores sui aut ejus vet 542 illorum substituti sint ex nostro publico Concilio cujuslibet Ditionis plantarns seu Regionis nostrae, supra memoriata: Sicut per presentes praedictum... Consiliarium nostrum cujuslibet Ditionis predicte facimus and Constituimus. Et propter varios Casus et alia Contingentia Volumus et per presentes Ordinamus ut harum literarum Irrotulamenta vel Transcripta ab alterutro e Secretariis nostris, attestata: weque fidem faciant pro ut hTe presentes et Originates, Eademq prorsus ubiq fides adhibeatur quoe presentibus ipsis adhiberetur, si forent exhibita vel ostense. Etiamq Volumus hmc Omnia in mitiori et Ampliori sensu in gratiam praedictornm accipi & haberi: atq premissa omnia sub predictis verborurn tenoribus et formis pro plene sufficienter et legaliter expressis, ad omnem Juris effectumrn rc enseri & Judicari. Utq debitumrn adipiscantur Eflfectum. R'ss* in Christo Patri Gilberto Cant. D: Archi-Ep: totius Angl: Primat. & Metrapolit. Significamus Quod Nos Novarm Sedemi Episcopalhen Cathedrahe Virg: nuper fundavimnus et Ereximus ac D)ilectum...... ad Episcopatum illum Nominavimus & prfecimsus, ipsumq in EIpiscopumn Loci illius et Pastorem Ordinarium Constituimnus Rogantes ac in fide ac dilectione quibus nobis tenetur firiniter Mandantes pro ut per presentes Rogarnmus ac Mandamus Quatenus prtfatunm..... in Episcopum Virg. Consecrare': ipsumq( pro uit moris est Episcopalibus Insgniis Investire: Ceteraq peragere et perimplere, qux suo in hac parte incumbunt officio vetit diligenter cum elfectu. Simulq ut Caetera iamnia prxedicta firma & Rata fiant, per presentes Votumus et Concedimus prefato IEpiscopo..... habeat has literas nostras patentes, sub Magno Sigillo Angil: debito mnodo factas et Sigillatas, absq feudo magno vel parvo nobis in IHanaperio nostro scu alibi ad usum nostrumn quoquo modo Reddend. Solvend. vel faciend. quod expressa mentio, &c., Que oinnia Ordinarmus Constituimnus )Decernimus Concedimus & Stabilimus non obstantibus Constitutionibus Ordinationibus Injanctiontibus Concessionibus Consuetudinibus privilegiis Statutis Decretis Coeterisq Contrariis quibuscunque. In Cujus Rei Testimonium, &c., TESTE REGE, apud WestM. [ENORSED.] The erection of a Bishoprick in Virginia. Qu. by whom it was drawen. I was consulted, but did not draw the Preface: onely I gave Instructions out of K. Henry VIItth Charters of foundacion of the new Bishopricks. 543 PAGES I, 2, 3. "Instructions " similar to these were given to Sir Francis Wyat in x621, and renewed on each subsequent appointment. So far as establishing the Church of England in the Colony of Virginia is concerned, they but echo the legislation of the Colonial Assembly; the very first pages of the Virginia Statute Book, and the acts of every Session prior to the revolution making provision for the needs of the Church, and acknowledging it as the established faith. PAGE 3. From the earliest period in the history of the settlement of Virginia, the attention of the Company in England had been turned toward the establishment of an institution of learning for the Colony. Soon after the arrival of the first settlers at Jamestown, no less than fifteen thousand acres of land were appropriated at the instance of Sir Edwin Sandys, President of the Company, toward the endowment ot a College at Henrico for the Colonists and Indians. As early as 1619 a royal " brief" secured collections in the parish churches of England to the amount of fifteen hundred pounds sterling, and the language of this interesting letter, the first ever issued in behalf of a charity of this nature, acquaints us fully with the far-seeing Christian motives of those who controlled this infant settlement: "As well for y* enlarging of our Dominions, as for the propagation of ye Gospel amongst Infidells, wherein there is good progresse made and hope of further increase; so as the undertakers of that Plantation are now on hand w'" the erecting of some Churches and Schools for y* education of y" children of those Barbarians, w"' cannot but be to them a very great charge, and aboue the expence w" for y' civill plantation doth come to them. In wv" wee doubt not but that you and all others who wish well to the encrease of the Christian Religion will be willing to give all assistance and firtherance you may, and therein to make experience of the zeale and deuotion of our well minded subjects, especially those of y* Clergie." * * * * Besides the immediate results of the " King's Letter," private benefactions poured into the hands of the " faithful T'reasurer of Virginia," from all sections of the Church. The Bishop of London, Dr. King, collected and paid in Z1,ooo toward thie support of the College, and the particulars of these gifts as found in " A Memoriall of Religious Charitie Exercised on Virginia to the Glory of God and good Example of men, these last three yeares, 1619, 60ao, x621," appended to "A Declaration of the State of the Colony and Affaires in Virginia," &c., published in London in 1622, attest most fully the zeal and interest of the mother Church in this effort for the spread of Christian Education, and for direct missionary work among the Aboriginees. " A Person vnknowne gaue for the vse of the Colledge, a Communion-cup with a Couer, and a Plate for the bread, of Siluer guilt; a crimson veluet carpet with gold lace and fringe, and a linnen damaske Table-cloath: all valued at 330. o. o. " A person vnknowne sent a Letter, the Copy whereofis registered; directed thus, To Sir Edwtin Sandys, the faithfull Treasurer of VIRGINIA; and subscribed Dust andAshes: And afterwards by an vnknowne person sent a box to the house of Sir Edwin Sandys with the same direction: which being opened in Court, therein was found in gold 550 pounds, to be disposed of for the education of Children of the Infidels, in Christian religion and ciuility. 544 Anno 16ao. Master Nicholar Farrar, of London, deceased, hath by his Will giuen 300 li. to the Colledge in VIRGINIA, to bee paid when there shall be ten of the Infidels children placed in it: and in the meane time 24. pounds by the yeare to bee disbursed vnto three discreete and godly men in the Colonie, which shall honestly bring three of the Infidels children in Christian Religion, and some good course to line by. Anno 1621. The Gentlemen and Mariners that came in the Royall-lames from the East Indies, beeing at Cape Bona-Speranza, homeward bound, gaue towards the building of a Free Schoole in irxginia, to be called the East Indit Schoole, 70o 8s 6d. Towards the futrtherance of the East Inslit Schole, an vnknown person hath added the sutinie of /30 o. o. At the Quarter Court held the 30. of lanuary i6ai. by a person not willing as yet to be knowne, wa: sent in gold 25 li. to helpi forward the East Indie Schoole. At the same Quarter Court a small Ilible with a Couer richly wrought, a great Church-llible, the litlike of 'Common Prayer, and other hootikes wvre preasnted tt Ibe s.cut tto VIRGINIA, in the nmii'.1 a lirtoini whil haild tl' yeart lhte'rte shtill lle i V1t 1 th(I' Collh'dge at /ll rin,S'. AiN. Xustine IPt /it/,tte/ /,i, M.it'r Je'pins his wtrkes, and an exa I Matp tlof,t'rnsu: the gitir is not known, but the bomlks are valutcd at /so 0. o. (;inell by M.astcr lThoms Ilargrate, iand Minister in VIH<;INIA de:ctased, for the vwe of the Colledge, a l.ibrary valped at too. marks. The Gentlemen and Mariners that came lately home from the East Indies, in the two ships called the Hart and ARo-Bucke, being at the Cape of Bona-Speranza, homeward bound, gaue towards the building of the aforesaid Free-Schoole in VIRGINIA the summe of /66. I3s. 4d." Entering heartily upon this work, the Company in England, at the instigation of Sir Edwin Sandys, sent out fifty tenants for the College lands in the summer of 16x9, and the same number at the beginning of the following year. These tenants were to have, as Stith tells us in his History of Virginia,* " half the Profit of their Labor to themselves, and the other half was togo, towards forwarding the Building, and the Maintenance of the Tutors and Scholars. And as a Man's Labour waLs then computed at ten Pounds Sterling a Year, it was intended, hereby to establish an annual Revenue of five hundred Pounds, for this good and pious Work. Mr. George Thorpe also, a Kinsman of Sir Thomas )Dale's, being a Gentleman of his Majesty's Privy Chamiber, and one of the Council in Englaod for Itri'in'ia, accepted of the Place, and was sent over the next Spring, as the Company's Ieputy and Superintendent for the College. And for his Enltertainment and Support, they granted three hundred Acres of Land, to be forever annexed and belonging to that Place, with ten Tenants thereon." The location of the "East-Indie School," of which mention has already been made, was fixed at Charles City, as most convenient to all parts of the Colony, and the Company assigned for the maintenance of the Master and Usher, a thousand acres of land, with five servants and an overseer. This school was designed to be collegiate in its character, and its pupils were to be fitted for entrance at the "University at Henrico." Carpenters were sent over early in x622 to put up the necessary buildings, and the Rev. Patrick Copeland, who by his influence and example had secured the first contributions towards its establishment, was placed * Williamsburg Edition, 8vo, 1747, p. 163. 545 at its head. The Governor waa instructed to make a special treaty and agreement with Opechancanough "1for the better procuring and retaining the Indian Children " and "1each Town, Iturrough, and Hundred " was enjoined "1to procure by just Means, a cettain Number of their Children, to be brought up in the first Elements of Litterature: 'That thle most towardly of these should be- fitted for the College.' But in the midst of theso efforts, on the tart of the Conmpany and others its England, for the spiritual anid tenmporal inmprovement of both colonists and natives, Opechancanough, jealous of the rapid groswth of tte Englishs settlements, had plotted the massacre of the whole body of the English. At the very timte whets lte settlers wvere treatintg the natives, to quiote the words of tlte historian of Virgittia, ' ' withs ttte uttmost I luitattity antid Kiustness4, out tf tilse Hole andI D esire, of thereby alluring ands bringing theim over, to the Ktosvledge of (.od attd his true Religion,''t onl tile 2ad of March, 02.1, 'Thorpe hitmself, antI nearly three toundred andt fifty men, women, aind children were barbarously slaitn. Matny of the College tetnants svere includsed its this slaughter, and the College sunit sere tnecessarily abanonelottitas unsafe, lIt consiltseetce of this interrutit on, atiil 01he oaf thel 1i16i4111t' 'Thillis', whilm. Wl iw list btii 1'idliil til thru-isgi his sh viili ott Io tIk chtoeti winik, lthe Ofrltt sIr 'M sthv11.1kilhsuseit oil this iloble t titrit Isislrutratvdi, Agin tush ligain speciasl henlefictilots tie) its revewil were sale itt 1Etiglatilf, andis freitnenit cottutlistionli rest icctitig ftrtlier effort~s for forwarding this Cthristimn work ire recortded ill ttttiiil oh tie Vir'ginia Coumpany, but their accuimulating troubles at tomie, followed by their speedy, dissotstioin by tle Croswn, p~revetntedl any result. Fronm this time there was no attenmpt to foutnd any scthool or institution of tearninig for colontists or natives, before the painstakinig exertionts of the Rev. Jamses Btlair, D.D., near the close of the century, whose earlier years were so full of effort. antI promise for this wvork. hIs 1688 andh 1689 tiventy-five hutndred pounitds sterlitig were subscribed toswards the establishmnutt of a college, by i fetw weatthy Virginsianis aiid betnevoletnt English nmerchiants. 'The Colonial Asseiibly lit 1691 apptroved the schemne, atnd sent thle Rev. Mr. Btair to Engtand to solicit a charter froit itt Crown. to these efforts, both in Virginia atid its Englatnd, the assistanice of ttte Lieutetnant Govertnor, Nichiolsott, wvas freely given, atid nit little encoutragemient wias fouttd itt the wllt of the litots. Robert Iloyle, Esq., tdated July m8th, 169i, setichi directed his tacutitors, "1 after debts anid legacies pail,'' tot dispose of the residue of Itis persontal estate 11fur stini clai tatble auth pious uses as they, itt their discretiotn shsouldth inttk fit.'' 'These executors 'ag.reed to Ilsy out 'ive thtousanid four huntitredl pottds siertitng its land, anth to apply mtie yearly renit thecrssf '1 towartd proipagatinig the Chrnisutitn religion atnssotim tInfitdels,' anstd after sotte tdelays, assignted thle annutial renits of their terch lse, subuject to a chtarge iii pereltutity of nittety poundist per tnnititii to be patid to the Compan~sty for propagatinig the Gostpet iii New Eng' latndt to the P'residenet atnd P'rofessors of the Cottege of Wfilliamt anth Mary its Virgittia, for the nmaintens nc strsl.t(t etducation of Itnsians ptupils. 'The ageticy of Mrl. Btlair iii secutrinig this appropciathon mssy be tinterredl fromt the referetice ott page 8 of this volunte. Besides this, their majesties, tillta sinstd Mary, constribtutetd toswardt the etirownteist of the college our thousanid nitne hitundred atnd eighsty-five pouttds fourteen lsihiings auth teti pence, raised out of the euit' retnts of the colonsy, stud at that time in thur haluds of William Byrd, Auditor; and otie Pnny a a Stuh's History af Virginia, pp. 172-1m97. t' Stuh, page 2ato. 546 pound on all tobacco exported from Virginia and Maryland. They also conferred upon the College the office of Surveyor General for the Dominion, "with all its issues, fees, profits, advantages, conveniences, liberties, places, privileges, and pre-eminences whatsoever;" and ten thousand acres of land lying on the south side of Blackwater Swamp, and ten thousand acres lying on that neck of land, commonly called Pamunkey neck, between the forks of York River. References to these gifts and privileges will appear again and again in the " memorials" and correspondesice for the first time printed in these pages. The Royal Charter was signed on the 8th of February, O. S., in the fourth year of the reign of William and Mary, the date corresponding with February 19th, 1693, New Style. It was granted " to tile end that the Church in Virginia may be furnished with a seminary of Ministers of the Gospel, and that the youth may be piously educated in good letters and manners, and that the Christian faith may be propagated amongst tie Western Indians to the glory of Almighty God." The third act of the Virginia Assembly, in the fifth year of the reign of William and Mary, provides, " that Middle Plantation (now Williamsburg) be the place for erecting the said College of William and Mary in Virginia, and that the said College be at that place erected and built as neare the Church, now standing in Middle Plantation, old ffields, as convenience will permitt." Here it was the purpose of the founders to establish "a place of Universal Study, or perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages, and other good arts and sciences." The Trustees, nominated and elected by the Assembly, and named in the royal Charter, were Francis Nicholson, Lieutenant Governor in the Colonies of Virginia and Maryland; William Cole, Ralph Wontley, William Byrd and John Lear, Esquires; James Blair, John Farnifold, Stephen Fouace, and Samuel Gray, Clerks; Thoias Milner, Christopher Robinson, Charles Scarborough, John Smith, Benjamin Harrison, Miles Carey, Henry Hartwell, William Randolph, and Matthew Page, Gentlemen. These Trustees were constituted the body corporate to establish the College, and to appoint Masters or Professors, but were required, after the establishment, " to transfer to the President and Masters, or Professors, or their successors, the lands, manors, tenements, rents, services, rectories, portions, annuities, pensions, and advowsons of churches, with all other inheritances, franchises, possessions, goods, chattels, and personal estate." The fifth section of the Charter fiurther provides that the College " shall be called and denominated for ever, the College of William and Mary in Virginia, and the President and Masters, or Professors, of said College, shall be a body politic in deed and in name." It was also provided that after the transfer of the corporate powers the Trustees should be " the true, sole and undoubted Visitors and Governors of the College." " And we give and grant to them, or the major part of them, by these our letters Patent, a contiiual succession, as also iull and sbsolute liberty, power and authority of making and enacting, framing and establishing such and so mainy rules, laws, statutes, orders and injunctions, for the good and wholesome government of said College, as to them and their successors shall from time to time, according to their various occasions and circumstances, seem most fit and expedient." To these " Visitors and Governors " was assigned the election every seven years of a Chancellor of the College, the Rt. Rev. Henry Compton, Lord Bishop of London, being named in the Charter as the first. The privilege of electing one of their own body, or one of the Visitors, or " one of the better sort of inhabitants of the Colony," to represent the College in the House of Burgesses was also conceded to the College officers. 547 The first College building, the plan of which was drawn by Sir qhristopher Wren, was designed to be an entire square when completed, but was unfinished in 1700oo, when for the first time commencement exercises were held. A great concourse of people was in attendance on this occasion, and we are told that " several planters came thither in coaches, and others in sloops from New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, it being a new thing in that part of America to hear graduates perform their exercises. The Indians had the curiosity, some of them, to visit Williamsliurg upon that occasion: and the whole country rejoiced as if they had some relish of learning." From this time for several years the meetings of the Virginia Assembly were "held at his Majesty's Royal Colledge of William and Mary," but in 1705 the building, together with the library and philosophical apparatus, was destroyed by fire. The second building was commenced in the time of Governor Spottswood, but owing to the want of finds and the scarcity of workmen, it was not completed until 1723. In 1719 it was so far ready for: occupancy as to be chosen as the place of meeting for the Convention of the colonial clergy, the records of which are printed in this volume. In 1724, the Rev. Hugh Jones, A.M., minister! of Jamestown and Chaplain of the Assembly, in his " Present State of Virginia," published in London that year, thus refers to. the College: "The Royal Founders of W5l4iam and Mary College, with Prospect of doing the greatest Good for the Colonies of Virginia and Maryland, conferred this princely Donation upon them; and were seconded with the ample Benefaction of the honourable Mr. Boyle and the Contributions of the Country. But this underwent the common Fate of most other charitable Gifts of this Kind, having met with several Difticulties to struggle with in its Infancy; but the most dangerous was, that it was as it were no sooner finished, but it was unfortunately and unaccountably consumed to Ashes. Yet observe the wonderful Turns of Fortune, and Power of Providence. This College, P/hunix-hlke, as the City of Lonon, revived and improved out of its own Ruins. But though it has found such unexpected Success, and has proved of very great Service already; yet is it far short of such Perfection, as it might easily attain to by the united Power of the Persons concerned about this important Foundation. " For it is now a College without a Chapel, without a Scholarship, and without a Statute. " There is a Library without Books, comparatively speaking, and a President without a fix'd Salary till of late; a Burgess without certainty of Electors; and in fine, there have been Disputes and Differences about these and the like Affairs of the College, hitherto without End. "These thing. greatly impede the Progress of Sciences and learned Arts, and discourage those that may be inclined to contribute their Assistance or Bounty towards the good of the College."* From the same authority we quote the following account of the alppearance of the new building: " The Front which looks due East is double, and is 136 Foot long. It is a lofty Pile of Brick Building adorn'd with a Cupf/a. At the North End runs back a large Wing, which is a handsome Hall, answerable to which the Chapel is to be built; and there is a spacious Piazza on the West Side, from one llWin* to the other. It is approached by a good Walk, and a grand Entrance by steps, with good Courts and Gardens about it, with a good House and Apartments * The Present State of Virginia, 8vo London, 1724, Pp. 83, 84. 548 for the Indian Afaster and his Scholars, and Oat-Houses; and a large Pasture enclosed like a Park with about 15o Acres of Land adjoining, for occasional Uses. " The Building is beautiful and commodious, being first modelled by Sir Christopher Wren, adapted to the Nature of the Country by the Gentlemen there; and since it was burnt down, it has been rebuilt, and nicely contrived, altered and adorned by the ingenious Direction of Governor Spottsw'ood; and is not altogether unlike Chelsa Hospital."* In addition to the benafactions already noticed, the Assembly granted a thousand pounds for the maintenance and education of scholars in the College, nearly half of which was expended for seventeen negro slaves, to be employed in tilling the " Nottoway " tract of land of upwards of two thousand acres of land which had been purchased with a portion of the remainder of this sum, Col, Edward Hill, of Charles City County, gave.50o for the current expenses of the College and for fuunding scholarships: and in 1726 the House of lurgesses laid a duty on liquors for the same pu.'lose. Several hundred acres of land on the Blackwater, in Isle of Wight County, were also left to the " Royal College of William and Mary," and later, large sums were given or bequeathed " for foundations or scholarships " by Commissaay Blair and Philip Lightfoot, Esq., of five hundred pounds each; Mrs. Elizabeth Harrison, of Surrey, of three hundred pounds; Mrs. Bray, widow of Capt. Thomas Bray, of New Kent, of two hundred pounds, and Robert Carter, Esq., of Corotoman, of fifty pounds. Lady Gooch, of England, presented a gilt culp to the College, and the Earl of Burlington gave a portrait of the Hon. Robert Boyle, his brother, and a great benefactor of the College. Lord Botetourt, who was buried in the College Chapel, gave a sum of money, the interest of which was sufficient to provide annually two gold medals, one to be given to the best scholar in the classics and the other to the best scholar in philosophy. The condition upon which the twenty thousand acres of land were given to the College by the Crown was that the President and Professors should annually, on the 5th of November, present to the Royal Governor two copies of Latin verses. This was done with great ceremony, as appears from the following extract from the Virginia Gazelte of November 12th, 1736: " On this day sen'night, being the 5th of November, the lresident, Masters and Scholars of William and Mary College went, according to their annual custom, in a body to the Governor's to present his honor with two copies of Latin verses, in obedience to their Charter, as a grateful acknowledgement for two valuable tracts of land given the said College by their late King William and Queen Mary. Mr. President delivered the verses to his honor, and two of the young gentlemen spoke them. It is ftrther observed that there were upwards of sixty scholars present, a much greater number than has been any year before since the foundation of the College." The efforts for the instruction of the Indians were productive of but little permanent result though the names of ten Indian students appear in the Catalogue of tlh (Graduates of William and Mary College, and seven are recorded as students at the " Indian School " in 1754. At Christanna there were at one time, according to Jones's Present State, seventy-seven Indian children at school, and on the removal of the Master, Mr. Charles Griffin, and his school to the College, there continued from year to year a number of the natives under instruction. Still, in 1728, Colonel William Byrd, in the " Westover Manuscripts," laments the "bad success Mr. *Jones's Present State, p. a6. 549 Boyle's charity has hitherto had towards converting any of these poor heathens to Christianity." Many children of our neighbouring Indians," he proceeds to say, "have been brought up in the College of William and Mary. They have been taught to read and write, and have been carefully instructed in the principles of the Christian religion till they came to be men. Yet, after they returned home, instead of civilizing and converting the rest, they have immediately relapsed into infidelity and barbarism themselves." This testimony is accordant to that of the Rev. Mr. Jones, who, at the same time, gives to them the credit for "admirable capacities when their humors and tempers are perfectly understood." The oldest record book of the Faculty began with these words: " In nomine Dei, Patris, Filii ct Spiritus Sancti, Amen." From its pages we gather the following items, which throw more or less light on matters referred to in the preceding pagcs, or on other points of interest connected with this venerable institution of learning: June 28th, 1732.-T'he College Chapel was opened. Mr. President (the Rev. Commissary Blair), preached on Proverbs xxii. 6. July 3ist, 1732.-Tlhe foundation of the President's house at the College was laid. The President, Mr. Dawson, Mr. Fry, Mr. Stith (afterwards the historian), and Mr. Fox, laying the first five bricks in order, one after another. SIug. loth, 723.---WillianisburgInstructions from the President and Masters of William and Mary College, in Virginia, to John Randolph, Esq., now bound for England: I. That you would represent to the Lords of the Treasury and the Commissioners of his Majesty's Customs, that the revenue of the penny per pound upon Tobacco exported from Virginia and Maryland to the other Plantations, which their late Majesties, King William and Queen Mary, gave for the support of the said College in the year 1692 (O.S.), is now very much sunk, and yields not above one-half of what it yielded at that time; which sinking of the said revenues we impute to the following causes: "The officers in the three lower comuties of Pennsylvania, and the officers in North Carolina, employed in the collecting the said duty, as we are informed, instead of exacting this said penny in good money, as the act of Parliament directs, let the exporters be assessed for paying the penny in the currency of those countrys, which in North Carolina is little above quarter part, and in Pennsylvania not above one half, of what is paid in Virginia, which occasions a greater export from those places, and less from Virginia and Maryland. " Whereas, in Virginia there was formerly an officer allowed and maintained in Elizabeth River, from which is the greatest part of the exportation of tobaccos from this country to the Plantations, and likewise a searcher at the port of IInmpton, who had authority to examine and search all vessels bound to the plantations, and these two offices are either sunk, or (which is all one as to the use of them), the offices are given to men that live out of the country, and so never reside as to do their h!ty, which has occasioned vast frauds in that trade, that they carry out Tobaccos in barrels, 'i ntered as beef or pork, or concealed under corn, and hogsheads of Tobaccos at weights much less than they really weigh. "Another great obstruction of that trade is that most of those who follow it trade in small vessels, in which the chief of their lading is wheat, or Indian corn, or beef, or pork, or: pipe 550 staves, n which they could safely add two or three hogsheads or a few barrels of Tobacco. But as to this case of Tobaccos, the difficulty upon them is that this act of Parliament requires a bond with security upon no less penalty than a thousand pounds sterling, that they shall land the same in England or one of the English plantations, and being perhaps utter strangers or persons in low circumstances, can find no bondsmen that will undertake for such high summs, and so are obliged to let the exportations of Tobacco alone, or to run it without paying any duty. "And the New-England men are so bold in their transgressions of the acts of trade (and are sulected of exporting much more than this country consumes, perhaps to European markets, that no ordinary officer on the Eastern shore cares to meddle with them. It would require a shallop of paid force to watch the trade of the Hay both from Virginia and Maryland, whit l the College can';lftifrd, nor if they could, have they the authority to do it. No tdout the Lordtl of the Treasury and the Commlliisionrs of the Customs, by ordering the sa.le duty in intrinsic value according to the act of Parliament to be pay'd in North Carolina and 1el'nnsylva.nia, and by giving strict orders to their officers in New lEnlgland, New York, Blarbadocs, and the Leeward Islands, and all the other Plantations, to inspect and search all vessels, and to give al account to the proper officer of the port from which they set out, might find out what Tobacco had not payed the penny a pound, and might order prosecution accordingly. Or if the Lords and Commissioners aforesaid, who by reason of their more extensive authority, can imuch better detect the above-mentioned frauds, and recover the duties, and make much better advantage than we can of that revenue, would please to recommend it to His Majesty to take the said revenues back into his own hand, both in Virginia and Maryland, and. to allow the College a certain yearly valuable consideration for it out of the qfuit-rents of Virginia, such as it wa.s worth when tile grant was made to the College (which was about four hun. dred pounds sterling); both His Majesty and the College might be gainers by it; but this might be all left to your discretion to manage as the circumstances of affairs will bear. II Another thing we would recommend to your care and management is concerning a small library to be kept at the Indian House here, called Brafferton, upon that share of the fund allowed by the late Honourable Robert Boyle for the education of Indian scholars at this college, out of this manor of Braffcrton, in Yorkshire, in England. We have been so good husbands of our share of that revenue, that though we have built an handsome house for the Indian School, with other good conveniences for the lodging of the Master and Scholars, and have defrayed all the other charges incident to that pious undertaking, in the constant cloathing and boarding the Indian scholars, and paying the Master's salary, yet we have now in bank upon that fund about five hundred pounds, part of which we desired to lay out in a well-chosen libr.ry, which we judge necessary, and, indeed, the most necessary thing that is now wanting towards the finishing their education, and fitting them for what was always intended, the being put in orders, and sent out Pastours to preach in their own country-language, and instruct and convert their own people. As we do not live in an age of miracles, it is not to be doubted that Indian scholars will want the help of many books to qualify them to become good pastours and teachers, as well as others. And the fund allotted for their education being able to supply them, what reason can be given why part of it may not be employed that way? If it be alleged that our College Library, it may be expected, should supply them, it may be truly answered that at present our funds are so poor, 55x and theirs so rich, that they can better supply us than we them. And so it would be no hardship upon them, if whilst we found them with Masters and Professors to teach them Latine, Greek, and Hebrew, and Philosophy, Mathematics, and Divinity, they should in their turn help themselves and us to a few necessary books for those studies. But we are willing to compound the matter with them; we have, we can't say good store of books, but enough to make a good foundation and beginning of a library, to the use of which the), are welcome, and if we were able, would buy a great many more, which we and they want. This want is their loss as well as ours. What can be more reasonable than that since their fund is able to do it, and ours not able, they should contribute their share towards so necessary means of education? Some, perhaps, will be apt to object that by this means we think to make a considerable addition to the College Library at their expense, and if it were so, there would be no great harm in it, sir,'e the College library is to be a common library to them and us. ltit the case will be really much better on their side, for whatever books are bought with their money, shall not only be reposited in distitnt presscs, marked with the name of Bloyle or ltraflerton, and at their own house (being without the College), but every particular book shall have that inscription on the back of it; so that, as to the use we shall have the benefit of their books, as they shall of ours, yet really the property shall not be altered. Every one shall know his own; anl this assistance of books we think as necessary a means and instrument of their education, as the paying for their victuals and cloaths, and master's salary, and medicine, and falls fully within thle design of their noble founder, and therefore we hope the Earl of lurlington and mny Lord BIishop of London (whose directions we are to follow in the management of this charity), will easily come into it, and then there will remain nothing (for we shall give you a letter of credit to the cashier of this fiud) but to take my Lord Bishop of London, our Chancellour, his advice concerning the properest books for our use, and their best editions; and to hell you in this choice you will have with you two catalogues, one of those books the College is possessed of already, and another of those which an ancient minister designs shortly to leave to it,* that you may not buy them. Upon this occasion, too, we must desire you to wait on his Grace, my Lord Arch Bishop of Canterbury, who, as he has been upon all occasions a notable friend of the College, so was pleased particularly to signify his good intentions of giving or loaning something towards our Library; pray render our thanks to his Grace, and so consult him in the books you may buy for us, that he may have his share of supplying us with what part of learning he thinks most proper, that what you buy may not interfere with his Grace's intended donation. These are the chief things w' occur to us at present. Perhaps you may meet with some charitable benefactors especially towards our library, that being at present our chief want, and as all this will put you to trouble and charge, though you generously say nothing of it, we shall think it our duty not to be ungrateful; and so wishing you a prosperous voyage, good health, and a safe return, we rest, Sir, Your most affectionate, humble Servants. * Dr. Blair, who was undoubtedly the author of these instructions. 552 Sept. 14th, 1752. At a meeting of y* President and Masters of William and Mary College, Sep' y' z4th, 1752, Present, Y* Rev. M'. Stith, President, M'. Dawson, M'. Robinson, M'. Preston, and M'. Graham. Y* following orders were unanimously agreed to: i. Ordered, Y* no scholar belonging to any school in the College, of what age, rank or quality soever, do keep any race horse at y* Cul:lge in y* town, or anywhere in y neighbourhood. Y' they be not any way concerned in making races, or in backing or abetting those made by others, and y' all race horses kept in y* neighbourhood of y' College, and belonging to any of y* scholars, be immediately dispatched and sent off, and never again brought back, and all this under pain of y* severest animadversion and punishment. a. Ortldered, V' no sachol;ar iHtlonging to y' Collcge, of what age, rank, or quality soever, or whcrvtsover residing within or without y' College, do prestume to appear playing or betting at y* billiard or other gainig tables, or be any way concerned in keeping or fighting cocks, under pain of y' like severe animnadversions or punishments. (Signed,) WILLIAM STITH. Jan' y* 14, 1754. Resorhed, Y' a person be appointed to hear such boys as shall be recommended by their parents or guardians, a chapter in the Bible every school day at 12 o'clock, and y' he have y* yearly salary of one pistole for each boy so recommended. Aug. 29, 1754. Resolved, unanimously, Y' M'. Commissary Dawson be allowed y* use of y' Hall and great room during y' meeting of y' clergy. April 2, 1756. Y* day Benj. Franklin, Esquire, favored y' society with his company, and had y" Degree of A.M. conferred upon him by y" Rev. T. Dawson, A.M., President, to whom he was in publick presented by the Rev. William Preston, A.M. iMarch 24, 1756. Resolved, Y' y" young gentlemen when they leave the Grammar School, shall be obliged to appear in academical dress. June 17, 1768. Reso/lved, That the sum of fifty pounds per annum be appropriated out of the college revenue for the purchase of medals and other honorary rewards, to be distributed annually by the President and masters amongst such of the students as shall best deserve them by their public examrina:tions. April 1, 1771 This day was received from the honorable the president, and the other gentlemen appointed to take care of Lord Botetourt's effects, the following extract of a letter from his grace the Duke of Beaufort: "I understand that his Lordship expressed a desire sometime before he died, to be buried in Virginia, so that I do not intend to remove the body to England, but hope the President, &c., of College will permit me to erect a monument near the place where he was buried, as the only means I have of expressing in some degree the sincere regard and affection I bore towards him. And I flatter myself it may not be disagreeable to the Virginians, to have this remembrance of a person whom they held in so high estimation, and whose loss they so greatly lament." Which being read the application therein contained received the unanimous assent of the society, who are glad of any opportunity of showing their sincere regard to the memory of Lord Botetourt. 553 February 14, 1772. Upon motion made by M'. Johnson, it was ordered that the students in the philosophy schools shall speak Latin declamations of their 6vn composition, and that by two of them in rotation this exercis;hall be performed in the chapel immediatety after evening service, every second Thursday during term-time. July 29, 1772. Rssolved, That the medal assigned by his excellency Lord Botetourt, for the encouragement of students in pliilosophical Icaring, be given to M'. Nathaniel Burwel, as being the best proficient. Resolved, That thile medal asisigned lby his Lordship for the encouragement of classical learning be given to i'. James Maddison.* October 14, 1773. Agreed unanimoiiiusly, that W. Tlhomas Jefferson be appointed surveyor of Albermuarle, in tihe room of M'. Nicholas Lewis, who hai sent his letter of resignation, and that hlie Ie allowed to have a deputy. April, 177;, '" isC, We hAVs receive-I tht llIt ir the diisg'ectle iiews that hl Ex. cellie y 1v tD11 eetain thoo10 of. of ad givernor of the College, Res/tled, uaoimousty, that the Pic ealet Ii WP. (!in wail oii his Lordship to thank hun no,t cordtially for his pi at favor' t toe (College, and mois liiubly to request that hlie will conwine to act as a visitor aw! gavero of lihe Colege, anso to afford his Protection to the Presid tnt and Profesois, as far as t-hey sall appI i r to hion to decerve his countenance. Before tht Revluition the College consis:ed of1 a school of Divinity; one of Philosophy, in whilch Natuial Philosophliy and Mailthemniatics we:e compri ed; a preparatory Graiunar school, aind an Indian school on the foundationi of thile Boyle fund, in which, frtom 1700 to 1776, eight to tell Indians were annually maintained and educatcd. Some of theie Indians carue a distance of four hunlrt d miles for the purpio.e of sariog an education. For many years the dutis of tile office of Surveyor General conferred by charter, were exercised by the college, and among the suirvc ors appointtd by virtue of this right was George Washington, who, hubsequiently to the war for Indepviaendence, lbecamne Chancellor of the College. The average nuniber of studeintis upill to the period of the Revolution, was abont sixty, from ten to fifteen of whom were received on scholarships or fouindations. At the breaking out of the war tlie nuiimber was seventy. More than thirty studen-ts anid tlihree of the profcssors left college duritg the Revolutioll, to join the American ariny. Amiong the forimer were Jaimes Mounroe and Jolhin Marshall. At the beginning of the struggle for Intrdependence, the College of William and Mary was the richest institution of learning in North America. Its income from duties granted by the charter and by the Htouse of Burgesses. freu the receipts from the sianor of 1raferton, and from the funided capital asnd scholarships.arly four thousand pounds sterling. The progress of the war redtluce its capital to a trifha., suts in mioney antd the then unproiductive lanls grantedl by the Etiglish Crown. The destrution of its building again andi again by fire, the loss of its lihbrary, rich in the materials of our colonial history, and aboundting in rare and curious hooks and manuscripts, and the desecration of the chapel with its mural tablets erected to the memory of Virginia's honored diead in Church and State, and the pillaging of the vaults where were their motldering remiains, have markedt the later years of this ancient seat of learning. That the College has survived these sad experiences gives promise of a bright future. Her *Afterward the first iisthop of Virginia. 554 past history, much of it for the first time spread before the world in these pages, shows her close connection with the Colonial Church, to which she furnished the very best of the Virginia clergy, and the days to come will, we venture to believe, yield no less worthy fruit. PAGES 29-32. The Rev. Nicholas Moreau was in charge of St. Peter's, New Kent, from 1696 to 1698. He was " probably one of the French Huguenots who were driven to America about this time by the persecution growing out of the revocation of the edict of Nantes." * PAGES 36-65. Bishop Meade in his "Old Churches," etc., I., pp. 157, 158, refers to this conference at Iambeth as the occasion on which Commissary Blair met the gentlemen sent over by Governor Andros to arraign him in turn before the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London. The Governor's friends, according to the Bishop, were M'. John Povey, "a man high in office in the Colony;" a M'. Marshall; M'. Benjamin Harrison, of Surry, and Col. William Byrd, of Westover; and the Bishop expresses the result as follows: " Never were four men more completely foiled by one." It would appear, however, from the minutes of the conference, that M'. Harrison, who, as well as Col. Byrd, was a visitor of the College, was in favor of the Commissary, and M'. Marshall would seem to be an almost unconcerned spectator. PAGES 69-75, 87-93. References to Gov. Nicholson's passionate attachment for Miss Burwell, one of the daughters of Major Lewis Burwell, are to be found in Bp. Meade's Old Churches, etc., I., pp. 158, 159. PAGES I13-I15. In t690, William the Third sent over to Virginia a number of French Protestants who had taken refuge in England on the revocation of the edict of Nantes in 1685, and lands were alloted to them on James River. They were received with great favor, and a special law was enacted for their naturalization. During the year 1699 another body came over under the leadership of their clergyman, Claude Philippe de Richebourg. Others followed in succeeding years, the larger part settling at Monacan town, on the south bank of the James River, about twenty miles above the falls, on rich lands formerly occupied by the Monacan Indians. The rest were dispersed over the country, some on the James and some on the Rappahannock. The settlement at Monacan town was erected into the Parish of King William, in Henrico County, alhd was exempted from taxation for many years. Large donations of money and provisions were gien to them by the King and by vote of the House of Burgesses. Their settlement extended about four miles along the river bank. In the centre a church was built, and in each family at morning, noon and evening, we are told, these pious refugees met for family prayers. From these Huguenots many of the best known families of Virginia are descended. Vide Campbell's History of Virginia, pp. 369, 370, and Hawks's Ecclesiastical Contributions, Vol. I., Virginia, pp. 78, 79. SMeade's Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia, I., pp. 384, 385. 555 For a register of these refugees who were.living in King William Parish in 1714, vide pages 193-195. PAGES 127, 128. "The Method used for obtaining a Living in Virginia, is for the Party to notify his Intentions of going Abroad to the Bishop of London, to produce sufficient Testimonials of his good Life and Principles, together with his Letters of Orders; which being approved of, he has then a Licence, and Certificate, and Credentials to the Governor, with an Order upon the Treasury for 62o for his Passage; and upon his Arrival makes Application for some vacant Parish either to the Governor, to the Parishioners, or to both; upon whose Approbation he is admitted their Minister. But Variety of Disputes have arose from the uncertain Interpretation of the Virginia Laws relating to Livings; and though the Opinion of the best Council has been procured, yet as their Sentiments could not sufficiently settle it, so have they directly contradicted each other. Several of the People insist that they have the Right of Presentation; and on the otler hand the Governor has as strenuously contested with them for his right of Presentation in Behalf of the King; so that several that the Parishes have nominated or elected have been refused; and on the other side, many app:ointed and sent by the Governor have been rejected with Disdain, Disappointment, and Ill-Will. These Elections of the People ate often disagreeable to the Governor's Choice, and the People on the contrary will refuse whom they say the Governor may impose upon them, though he comes directly recommended from the Bishop; but in my Opinion their Election might be better given up, suppose they had a right to it, since it often creates such Disturbance; and in Process of Time, who knows but they may elect and insist upon Persons unfit for the Ministry, either by their Learning, Lives, or Doctrines, and not licensed by the Bishop; and may obstinately refuse any such as comes regularly, and is presented to the Living by the Governor. This Presentation by the Governor, who likewise as Ordinary is to institute and induct, may be termed a Collation; but there of late were not above three or four Rectors th'is collated or instituted and inducted in the whole Colony; because of the Difficulties, Surmises, Disputes, and Jealousies that arise upon such Accounts. But the Clergy standing upon this Footing are liable to great Inconveniency and Danger; for upon any small Difference with the Vestry, they may preteid to assuihe Authority to turn out such Ministers as thus come in by Agreement with the Vestry, who have often had the Church Doors shut against them, and their Salaries stopped, by the Order and Protection of such Vestry-Men, who erroneously think themselves the Masters of their Parson, and aver, that since they compacted but from Year to Year with him as some have done, they may turn off this their Servant when they will; be without one as long as they please, and chose another, whom and when they shall think most proper and convenient; which Liberty being granted them (I believe), some few would be content rather never to appoint a minister, than ever to pay his Salary."* PAGES I31-181. '' The differences between Dr. Blair and Governor Nicholson led to a tedious controversy, * Jones's Present State of Virginia, pp. to3, o14. 556 in which charges of malfeaseance In official duty and private conduct, especially in the affair of his attachment for Miss Burwell, and his maltreatment of the Rev. Mr. Fouace, were transmitted to the government in England, covering forty-four pages folio of manuscript. The controversy produced no little excitement and disturbance in the Colony; a number of the clergy adhered to the Governor, being those with whom Commissary Blair was unpopular, and whom the Governor had ingratiated by siding with them against the vestries, and by representing the commissary as less favorable to their cause. Governor Nicholson ordered a convocation to be asisemincd, and during its session held private interviews with his adherents among the clergy, who signed a paper denying the charges made by the commissary and the council. A public entertainment given to them was satirized in a ballad, setting forth their unclerical hilarity, and depicting some of them in unfavorable colors. This ballad soon appeared in London. In this convocation seventeen of the clergy were opposed to the commissary, and only six in his favor. Nevertheless his integrity and indomnitable perseverance and energy triumphed; and at length, upon the complaint made by himn, together with six members of the council and some of the clergy, particularly by the Rev. Mr. Fouace, Colonel Nicholson was recalled. He ceased to be governor in August, 1705. Before entering on the government of Virginia he had been lieutenant-governor of New York under Andros, and afterwards at the head of administration from 1687 to 1689, when he was expelled by a popular tumult. From 1690 to x692 he was lieutenant-governor of Virginia. From 1694 to 1699 he held the government of Maryland, where, with the zealous assistance of Commissary Bray, he busied himself in establishing Episcopacy. Returning to the government of Virginia, Governor Nicholson remained until 1705. In the year 710 ihe was appointed general and conmander-in-chief of the forces sent against Port Royal, in Acadia, which was surrendered to him. During the following year he headed the land force of another expedition directed against the French in Canada. The naval force on this occasion was commanded by the imbecile Brigadier Hill. The enterprize was corrupt in purpose, feeble in execution, and abortive in result. This failure was attributable to the mismanagement and inefficiency of the fleet. In 1713 Colonel Nicholson was governor of Nova Scotia. Having received the honor of knighthood in 1720, Sir Francis Nicholson was appointed governor of South Carolina, where, during four years, it is said, he conducted himself with a judicious and spirited attention to the public welfare, and this threw a lustre over the closing scene of his long and active career in America. Returning to England, June, 1725, he died at London in March, 1728. He is described as an adept in colonial governments, trained by long experience in New York, Virginia, and Maryland; brave, and not penurious, but narrow and irascible; of loose morality, yet a fervent supporter of the church."* PAGE 183. In August, 1704, Edward Nott, Esq., came over to Virginia as Lieutenant-governor under George Hamilton, Earl of Orkney, who had been appointed Governor-in-chief, but who only held the office as a sinecure, receiving a moiety of the salary and yielding to his lieutenant even the title, so far as its popular use was concerned. In August, 1706, Governor Nott died, after * Campbell's History of Virginia, pp. 368, 369. 557 a brief administration, which had been marked by dignity and moderation. It was during the first year of his administration that the college building was burned. PAGE 184. The Rev. Francis L. Jau, D.D., was afterward rector of St. James's Church, Goose-Creek, South Carolina, Born in Angiers, France, he was at one time a Canon of St. Paul's, London; received his doctorate from Trinity College, Dublin, and died September 1xth, t7t7, aged 51. Vide Dalcho's Hist. Acc. of the Church in South Carolina, pp. 245, 248. PAGES 187-190. "About this time, the feuds that raged in the adjoining province of North Carolina, threatening to subvert all regular government there, Hyde, the governor, called upon Spotswood for aid. He at first sent Clayton, a man of singular prudence, to endeavor to reconcile the hostile factions. But Cary, the ringleader of the insurgents, having refused to make termj, Spotswood ordered a detachment of militia towards the frontier of North Carolina, while he sent a body of marines, from the coast-guard ships, to destroy Cary's naval force. In a despatch, Spotswood complained to Lord Dartmouth of the reluctance that he found in the inhabitants of the counties bordering on North Carolina, to march to the relief of Governor Hyde. No blood was shed upon the occasion, and Cary, Porter, and other leaders in those disturbances, retiring to Virginia, were apprehended by Spotswood in July, 1711, and sent prisoners to England, charged with treason." " In the Tuscarora War, commenced by a massacre on the frontier of North Carolina, in September of this year, Spotswood again made an effort to relieve that colony, and prevented the tributary Indians from joining the enemy. He felt that little honor was to be derived from a contest with those who fought like wild beasts, and he rather endeavoured to work upon their hopes and fears by treaty." " In the month of January, 1714, he at length concluded a peace with these ferocious tribes, who had been drawn into the contest, and, blending humanity with rigor, he taught them that while he could chastise their insolence he commiserated their fate."* PAGES 196, 197. "These Children could all read, say their Catechisms and Prayers tolerably well, but this pious Design being laid aside thro' the Opposition of Trade and Interest, Mr. Grifin was removed to the College to teach the Indians instructed there by the Benefaction of the Honourable Mr. Boyle. "The Indians so loved and adored him, that I have seen them hug him and lift him up in their Arms, and fain would have chosen him for a King of the Sapony Nation. " The Southern Indians, that came several hundred Miles to meet the Governor, there to treat of War, and Peace, and Trade, though they had several murthered by their own Northern SCampIbell's Ilisory of Virginia, pp. 379, 380. 558 Enemies (even under the Mouths of our great Guns, and whilst we were there), which made them somewhat jealous that we had betray'd them; yet left several children under his care, and engaged themselves to send more, though they themselves would not relinquish their Barbarity; for they in reasoning with us by Interpreters, asked Leave to be excused from becoming as we are; for they thought it hard, that we should desire them to change their Manners and Customs, since they did not desire us to turn Indians; However, they permitted their Children to be brought up in our Way; and when they were able to judge for themselves, they were to live as the ENGLISH, or as the INDIANS, according to their best liking."* PAGES 213 AND 223. " In several respects the Clergy are obliged to omit or alter some minute parts of the Liturgy, and deviate frotr. the strict Disipline and Ceremonies of the Church; to avoid giving Offence, through Custom, or else to prevent Absurdities ant Inconsistencies. Thus Surplices, disused there for a long Time in most Churches, by bad Examples, Carelessness and Indulgence, are now beginning to be brought in Fashion, not without )itficulty; and in some Parishes where the People have been used to receive the Communion in their Seats (a Custom introduced for Opportunity for such as are inclined to Presbitery to receive the Sacrament sitting), it is not an Easy Matter to bring them to the Lord's Table decently upon their Knees. " The last Injunction in the Form of Pub/'ck captism is most properly omitted there, wherein the Go,/fa/hers and Godniothers are ordered to take Care that the Child be brought to the BilshOf to be confirme,/, which for the most Part would prove impracticable."* PAGES 247, 248. " The year 1713 was rendered memorable by an act of kindness shown to certain German emigrants, similar to that which had been manifested tooaerds the French refugees. It seems that a small lbiy of Germans had settled above tile falls of the Rappahannock, on the southern branch of the river, in the county of Essex. This was at that period the frontier of civilization, and therefore it was alike the suggestion of interest and humanity to afford to these foreigners protection and encouragement. Accordingly they were exempted, as the French had been, from all ordinary taxes, and were formed into the ' parish of St. George,' with power to employ their own minister and upon their own terms; and thus were two religious communities, differing in many particulars from the establishment, not tolerated merely, but favoured with valuable privileges by the legislature."* PAGES 364, 367. The Rev. James Blair, D.D., was a Scotch Divine, ordained and beneficed in his own country. Leaving Scotland about the close of the reign of Charles II., he attracted thb notice of Dr. Compton, then Bishop of London, by whom he was sent to Virginia, in 1685, and from whom he received, four years later, the appointmnent of Commissary. Nine years of his minis* Jones' Present State of Virginia (1724), pp. 14, 1, t Jonei's Present State of Virginia, p. 69. Sllawks' i Ecclcslahtial Contribution, vol. i., Virginia, pp. 81, 8a, 559 try were spent in Henrico parish, and from thence he removed to Jamestown, so as to be nearer the College of which he was the founder, and over whose interests and progress he watched for fifty years. In 171o he became the minister of Bruton Parish, the duties of which, in connection with his presidency, he continued to perform until his death. This volume bringing to light so many of his unpublished letters, penned with no thought of such a reproduction, attests most fully his devotion to the Church he served, and the College of which he was President. His published sermons, commended by Waterland and Doddridge, are able and exhaustive, and are, at the lapse of a century and a quarter from their first appearance, not unfrequently sought for, and highly prized. Had his exertions, both for the Church and College, and for the cause of religion and morality as well, been rewarded with greater success, the State of Virginia, ecclesiastically and intellectually, would have been greatly improved. As it was, the Commissary was always found battling for the right, and the uninterrupted confidence in which he was held by successive incusmbents of the Sees of Canterbury and London, serves to confirm the good opinion of one whom Bishop Burnet, in his History of his own Times, calls "a worthy and good man." PAGE 366. Notices of the rise of the Presbyterian body in Virginia will be found in Hawks's Ecclesiastical Contributions, Vol. I. Chapter vi., and in the various gereral and local histories of that denomination, by Webster, Hodge, Gillett, IHoge, and others. PAC; 386. The case of the Rev. Mr. K;ay, and those of a similar nature, growing out of the " Two Penny Act," which occupy so many pages of this volume, are referred to in Hawks's Virginia, Chapter vii. It was the " Parson's Cause," as it was popularly termed in Virginia, in which the eloquence of Patrick lHenry carried the decision of the Court against the Clergy, and case gained for the successful advocate of the popular side a wide-spread fame. The merits of the in question are fully set forth in the pages of this volume, so far as the views and feelings of the clergy are concerned. Wirt, in his Life of Henry, with an evident leaning towards the side espoused by the subject of his Memoir, still confesses that " it seems impossible to deny, at this day, that the clergy had mtuch the best of the argument."* Bishop Meade devotes a chapter of his "Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia " (Vol. I., pp. 216-226), to this and kindred questions, and reaches the same conclusion. A reference to either of these volumes will supply any additional information respecting the points of the controversy which may not be given in the text. PAGES 417, 418, 419, 423, 426, 428. This example of the Virginia clergy was followed at no long interval of time by their brethren in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and in South Carolina, and out of a meeting of * Sketches of the Life aind Character of Patrick Hlenry. By William Wirt. Third edition, 8vo. Philadcl. phlisa 818, p). 22. 560 the Corporation, representing the clergy in the three States first named, grew the measures leading to the organization of the American Church. Vide Bishop White's Memoirs of the Church, second edition, pages 21, 2; and Hawks's and Perry's Reprint of the Early Journals, Vol. I., pp. 376-381, where the particulars of the state of this fund, at the close of the war, so far as the Northern colonies were concerned, are detailed, and allusion made to the measures then taken for tho reorganization of this charity, which is still in operation. The efforts to keep the important papers, printed for the first time in this work, within the limits of a single volume, has been successful only by abbreviating or omitting the voluminous notes that were originally intended to accompany the text. Enough, however, has been given to indicatt,orces of information on the points referred to in these letters and documents, which seemedt to require especial elucidation, and as this volume claims to be but a faithful reproduction of the original MSS., and the transcripts from MSS., collected by the late Rev. Dr. Hawks, it may be that further corrections or annotations would have been impertinent. The editor has not felt at liberty to make changes in these MSS., and has but spu ingly corrected even Appiarent errors of the copyists. Where the probabilities were that the mistake arose from the negligenc, or ignorance of the original writer, its reproduction became a part of the minute history of tle time or the man. And with the single effort to secure the issue of the work as arranged and plrepared for publication by the late Historiographer, tle present editor has been content. It will be borne in mind, that from the very nature of the papers here presented to the reader, they can in no sense supply the place of a consecutive narrative of the history of the Virginia Church. By their aid history can and will be written, and the fragments of these documents brought before the students of our Church Annals, in Bishop Meade's " Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia," and from this source quoted again and again in later works, such as Campbell's History of the State, constitute the most valuable; because the most original, portions of these volumes respectively. The hope may be expressed that this issue may stimulate research at home and abroad, and that the revelation it affords of the wealth of unpublished historical information still existing in the various public or private repositories of archives in England, may induce further inquiry, which shall result in even more valuable results. THE END. INDEX. Abercrombie. Mr. Agent for the Colony of Va., 459. Abingdon Parish, in Gloucester County. Answers to queries respecting the state of (1724), 308, 309; referred to, 412, 429. Accomac Parish. ' About fifteen years destitute of a Minister," 186; referred to, 412, 429, vide below. Accomako Parish, on the Enastern Shore. Answers to queries respecting the state of (1724), 300. 302. Accounts of the Revenue. Dr. Blair hindtered from exoniining the, 58, 59, 64, 95; not audited, 9S. 4 Accolnt, the Plain," lately impotwrted, 359. Act cof Assembnlly respecting Induction, 86; vide Assembly; tide also Induction. Act of Toleration. Letter of Rev. Samuel Davies to Dr. Doddlridge respecting the, 370, 371. Addison, Rev. HIenry, 535. Administration. Letters of, to be granted in Virginia, 2, vide Wills, Probate of. Advsowsont antd Right of Presentation to Churches in Virginia. Sir Edward Northey's opinion concerning, s28; subject to the laws of England, 207, 239, Ag6, Matthlno, a French refugee, 193. Agnew, Rev. John, referred to, 406; at Suffolk parish, Nansenmond (1754), 413; ditto (1755), 430, 432; anbsent from Convention (1754), 415. Albemalle County, ministrations of Mr. Cennick in, referred to, 381. Albemnarle Parish, Sussex, 412, 430. Allardn,' Rev. Thomas, signs address to Governor Nich. olson, I17. Amelia County, ministrations of Mr. Cennick in, referredt to, 381. Amonet Jacob, a French refugee, 393. Anabaptists, 328; two nbaptized, 360. 7, Anderson, Rev, Charles, signs address of clergy to Governor Ni.holson, 117; reference to, 142; at. tests ninutes of clerical meeting, 153, 154, 176; remark of, 167. Andrews, Rev. Mr., death of, referred to, 249, Andrews, Rev. John, recommended for Holy Orders, 405,406; anonymous reflections upon, 408; at Cam. eron Parish, Fairfax (1754), 413; ditto (1755), 429ý lbsent from Convention (1754), 415; subscrilption of, 427. Androi, Sir Edmund, receiver of the Government of Virginia, 9; Dr. Blair's memorial concerning, 10-29; no real friend to the clergy, 32-36; referesces to, 76, 93, 158, 160. Annapolis, 71, 118. Anne, Princess, 9. Anonymous to the Bishop of London, 40, 409. Antrim Parish, IHalifax, 4o6, 413, 429 Archblisholn of Canerblury. Mr. Commissary Blair a Memorial against Governor Nicholson addressed to, 75-80; letter of Commissary Blair to (Feb I, 1699, oo1700), 112, 1t3,et oa'p. Ardflnan (Irelanntd), Parish of, 313. Arias Montanus's Bible, referred to, 251. Arlington, Henry, Earl of, 2o6, 238. Armntead, Clapt., reference to, 34. Asselmbly, 83, 1oS; side General Assembly. Association, The, referred to, 17. Athananian Creed, objected to Iby thie Governe, 493, Atheists confiroed in their Infidelity by the unworthy and scandalous carriage of sotme ministers, 332. Aubry, Andrk, a French refugee, 394. Augusta 'Parih, vacant (1749), 365; referred to, 413, 429, 432, 459. Bacon's Rebellion, 238. Bacon, Rev. Thomat, of Maryland. Subscription of, at Convention of 1754 for relief of widows and or. phans of dleceased clergymen, 427, Bagge, Rev. John, presernt at Convention held April, 1719, 199; letter of Governor Sj tswood concerning the -institution of, 0o3 J-2; douotful of the Com. minotry's Eoiscopal Ordination, 210, napointedl on cotmmittee to answer the Iis-hop of Londlons letter, 211; motion, made by, 211; aplointted on coontit. te to attest the minutes, 215; referred to, 234,235. Ball, Rev. John, sign adldress to Gov. Nicholson, 117. Baltimoore, Duke of, 29; Lord, 12t. Banns, lpublithed by the Cl-rk, 223. llarbadoo:,a 352. IBarclay, Rev. John, sigts addreo to the Bishop of Iondon tn the op tioi law, 4616. larclay, RIoiert, rtefered to, 331. Hatlo.o, Kev. II ttry, it Ilutng..rs, Northampton (1754), 411; olitt) (1755), 430; hbsenit from Convention (17541 415. atroscope, A., allusionl to, 67. tBarret, Reo. Robert, signs addresv to Burgesses against 1olobyteriatto in Virgillio, 383; at St. Martin's larioh, looove (t17541, 412; ditto (17551 429; Pres entt Conention ot(1754), 414. j Boo- Colonel, retlloel to thile Council, 19o. Bath (Eng.), refetrence to, 27' Bath Pari h, Din% idlie tCount, referred to, 429, 432. Batyly, Refv Thtma (lAbn- s-pellet taileyl, troogult no recom ndation, 249; aitntmnished, 25e; scandal"',52 252 3 2; anSwer of, to queries respecting the Otatt of hi- parth, etc., 274, 275. Bearcreft, Rev. Dr. Letter of Governor DIinwiddie to, * 397, 39S; refet red to, 411. IBecket, Rev. Mr., lately arrived (1727), 352. Bell, Rev. Jothn, oabsnt from Conveotion held April, 1019, 2oo; answers of, to querics re-pecting the state of his parith, etc., 213, 285. Benetice. No minister te preferred to any ecclesiastical, without a certiticate from the Lord Bishop of London, 2, 3 collation to ecclesiastical, 234, 242; act of Assvotbly concerning, etc., 243, 245. Benin, Anthoine, 195. Berkeley, Lady, 26. Berkley of Stratton, Lord, 4o3. Bernard, David, a French refugee, r94. Bernard, Joseph, a French refuhgee, 194. Berry, Mistre, 26, 27. Beverly, Robert, 181. Bibles, allowance for, for the French refugees, 114. Bilbaud, Jacques, a French refugee, 193. Bioret, Jacques, 194. Bishops in America, desired, 31, 32; appointment of feared, 35; oapplication of the Bishop of London for, 373; opposition to the scheme of sending, ibid; remarks of I)r. iDoddridge on the sulvject of, 375, Illacknal, Mr., mihcthaved, and laid aside all thoughts of the ministry, 3Y13. IBlacknal, Rlev. John, father of the nlove, referred to, 363. Black, Rev. Willianm. Letter of, to the Bisthop of London, t86; absent from Convention, April, 1719, 200oo; answers of, to queries respecting the state of his parish, etc., 3oo, 302. Blacks, 72 toaptizedl, 36o. Blackwnater, referredl to, 20; order for opening the land ol the sotlth side of, 57; reference to, 97. Illackoell, Sir. JooePh. 453. ltlair, tlon. Johnt (nelthew of the tCottmissary), referred to, 134, 135, 139; legacy to, frlom the C(0.oontioary"s eotate, 367; reference to, 405; at Council meeting, 449., 450; refelred to, 417. 495. Blair, Jatte, v (Cl)toitttYv. Letter of, to Governor Nicholoon, Dec 3, 1to91, 3-8; to ditto, Feb.27, 16ot-2, 'o2, S. o; memorial of, concerning Sir Edmund Andros, o-29; ca et an odiuom upoln Ihintelf by great v,.rldllv concerll 30; cootmpelled to rear1 pravers for Queen lMary, after news of her death hod teen receooiSet-, oone of the interlocutories" at a conterence ax Lantbotht 371, 36-65; letter to, from John Locke, Oct. 16, I 69, 66, 67; letter of, to iGovernor Nicholson, Aug. 9, 1700oo, 67-69; nemnorial of, against Governor Nicholson, 75-,0; signs repreoeiitation of the Council to the Queen against Governor Nicholson, 8, S81; letter of Colonel Quarry to the ishop of L.ondon respecting the tlifferences betlween Governor Nicholson and, 82-87; affront of, relating to, tile toal-Administration of Colonel Nicholvon, 93-112; letter of, to the Bisihop of Canterbury, Feb. t2, tior, -0oo, 112, 113; clergy ordere i to exhibit their licenses to, 115; letter of, to the Bishlop of London, Nov. I5, 1714, 130, 131; further affitdavit of, concerning Gov. Nicholson's oal-Adloinistration, 131-138; letter of Mungo Inglis to Governor Nicholson re. specting, 139, 140; letter of, to Rev. Wnm. Rudld, 141; letters to, fronm the clergy of Virginia, 142 -145; preached at meeting of the clergy, '45; speech of, to the clergy, 146-148; answer of, to the letter 563 of the clergy, 149-r54; remarks upon Commissary Bowling, Mr. John, surveyor, 96. Btlair's minutes of the clerical meeting, 154-179; Boyle, Robert. Legacy of, for pious uses, secured by letter of Governor Nicholson concerning, S8t; let- Dr. Blair for the College, 8, 37; reference to, 123, ter of, to Archbtishop Tettnison, 183, 184; reference 3oo, 306, 327. to, 186; presides at Convention of clergy (171), Brayn, Mrs. Sarah. Gilt of, to Westover church, 271. 199-215; sperclh of, ti the Convention, 215-217 IBray's (Rev. Dr.) Associates. Gift of library from, to historical rclioarks upon tile prCce.lings of thle Con. Westminster Parish, 262. ventioll by, and Rev. Johnl Mhiollrt, a2S8-225;.,s eBray, Thomas, [D. (Ctommissary of Maryland), 67, 68, wer of, to thile accusatiotns colntaired ill the Iover 117, 118, 119, 121; Governor Nicholson's compar. sor's letter t tile Collvelltiot, 226-233' retrkrh ison of, with Commissary Blair, 18s. of, ron the (Governor's letter to the Parish of t.IBrechin, Rev. James. Reference to, 142; attests minutes Anne's, 234-242; reference to, in Govornor SpotsI of clerical meeting, 153, 154, 176; absent from wood's letter, 249; letter jf to the Ishop of Lon- Convention (April, 1719), 200. slon; 250, 251; letter of, to t(e Rev, Mr. Forbes, Brians, 'lThomnas, a French refugee, 193. 251, 252; letter of, to the tlishopt of Lottlt00, 252, Bridgtles, Rev. Charles. Letter from, to the Bishop of 253; answers of, to queries frotr thie Bishop of Lon- London, 361, 362. riott, 257-260; answer of, to queries resperlcting the Bridge, Rev. Christopher, 121. state of hiis parish, etc., 298-oo00; referredl to, 313, bristol (Eng.), 3, 279. 314, 315; letter of, to thie lihop of Lronrlonr, 318- Bristol Parish, in the upper part of James River. Ans-. 32"; reoloerrcrs to, 332, 351; letter ofl, to the isll. wers to querirs rspecjting, 266-268; references to, op of Londonr 352, 353; slitto, 357-359; crfe-r'ce. 413, 430, 432. to 361;,Govesrnor Gooclt's letter to the Blishopl of Blrodie, Wtilliam, present at Convention held Aprril, 1719, n trdon announcing the datlh rf, 367; referred to, r; rirppointed oil crrsmittee to prepare address to 410. 452, 455. the 5overnor, 208. Blair. stress, 6, 27. Brorulrtiichl Parih, Culpeperr Courtnrty, 413, 429, 504. lalitho tait, Mr. Willia a, 9, 64, 114.r Brooket Rev.ch, cri, SM.A. Answers of, to queries Bioakirtrr, (Govereor, 71, uS1, 119, 121. repectin- hi. parishl, etc., 262-204. Bland, Colonerl tsirhird, author of " A Letter to the r" istr " (pIrouaornytm), vide Herry, Mistress. Cleegy'" 465, 406, -S4, 5 11. Brtoutor, Nt., 411. Blil:s it erkh, oirNe Krtrn Counsy. 'Answersts queries tBrullsill, Rev. iohn, present at Cronvention held A1ril, r osectn's tierstr of, 79-oSt; referr t 10,411,430. 1719 199, 210; unites in address to the Governor, JOi4sssau, Rev. J mes. Chturcht drots shut against, 34, 223, 224; aswers of, to queries respwcting the state 35; signs addlscss of clergy to thle CGovernor, I 7; of his parivrs, etc., 277-279; at Hamilton Parish, signs endcorosement of Governor Nicholson, 142; Prince WNilliaml (1754, 1755), 46, 413, 430; absent signs letter to Comrrnissary Blair, 143, 163. from Convrention (1754), 414; signs address to lur. Bonscrgent, Mathieu, a Frernch refugee, 194. gesses against IPresbyterians in Va., 383. Book of Comunon prayer, to te readl each Sunday andl Brunskill, Rev. Johtn (Junior), at St. Mary's Parish, CarIHolyday, 2. oline (1754). 413; present at Convention (1754). Iostot. IBrief for collecting money for the rtlief ofthe 414; at Raleigh and Nottoway (1755), 429; subO of, refused a readting, 535. scription of, 427; complained of by his vestry for Boucher, Rev. Jonathan, 535. divers immroralities, 449,450; action of Council reBouard, Estienne, a French refugee, 193. specting, 450; deprived by the Governor, 451; letter Bowker, Rev. James, signrs atddress of clergy to Gover- of the Commissary to the Bishop of Londron respectnor Nicholson, 117. 451-453; ditto, 453, 454; letter of the Governor to Bowker, KRev. Ralph, signs address to the Governor, the Bishop of London respecting, 454-458. 117; ignrs eandorsement of Governor Nicholson, B runskill, Rev. John (Senior). St. Margaret's Parish, 142; signs letter to Commissary BIlair, 143, 163; Caroline, (1754, 1755), 411, 429; absenrt from Con. ballad oerses oil, I o, 181; present at Convention vention (1754), 414; signs secondt address to the heldt April, 1719, 199; doubtful of the Cosnnis- Bishqop of Londotn respecting the passage of the opsary's Episcopal Ordlination, 210. tion law, 446. 564 Brunsick Pariah, King Georges County, 412, 430. lruton Parish, alirtu called Willistnabargh. Ansween tn qoerirs rrPecting the Ltote of, 298-300;, referred 10, 411, 430. Beuton, Pasriuh church of. Sertnon of Commtissaty Blair brefore thr Convroti..u of April, 1715, prrochetd in, 208. Ionyoti, Jehn, rofcrterd to, 368. lBurlington. ILrtter froot, refcrred 1o, 127. Ilorge.., Reo. Thonmov at Notroway Parish, Southumy. too (1754). 412; dlitto) (1755), 430; thsent front Cooveotivol 11754), 414; oncuvet, 415. florgersocu. Ald(rrva to, fromvsvovte of the clergy7 re~port ong the l'cc~lytetion., 381-3S3. Buargesscs, Hboose of. Cotmpduint of, ugoirvl Goovernor Sptsone S ent to Ettgl,.,ct, 2t8, ditto, ceferrerd to, 233. Buornet, Wlhop Gilhert, quoted, 331., liortell, Rev.,Junetv,oigvo, cno.Iovcoenl of GoveroorNich. doveo, 142; signv lettertotuCotoisvary Blalir, 143,163. Buorwell, l~eoio, (of the Council), 495. itorooell, N1ojee, (v', 72, 88l, tO0, 102. Borwoll, it.Goocoto-r Nioctolsor't passio foe, 69, 70,- 72-74, 77. 8,4, 90, 102, 135. Batter, Rev. Edvoorcl, vigns lettec. to Contmivuaro Btluir, 143, 14.4, 163. Btyrd, Coloeel Williaom, koowo to huve no kindnevv for the clergy, 36; our of the 01 intcrlocutoriov'" ata Confeveoco ot t-3v1elti 01607, 36-65; referred to, 271, 495. Blyrd, Colonel (Senior), 54. Cxvor. PatrickHlenry's secob cottporingKing George Ion0, 514. (tilloud, Joseplt, a PFrench refugee, 194. Coirot, jean, "divikte "ofv Frenc h Protevtoant refo. gtev, 393. Culver, jean, a Frevola rchtgee, 193. Cambridge, Onforduved, clergytmen from, preferred, 365. Camder, lord, 520. Cameron, D~r., 403. Cameron Pociob, Fairfax Convety, 413, 425. Coetim, Rco.Jobtt. L~etter ofto the By.of london,386.388; Proo. of Dlivittity or William and Maury Cell. ( 1754),412,431;yPresent atConvrntion(1754),414; appointed on comtmitree, 418, 419-425 apopintrd Trootee, 424; Suhvcripioin Of, etc., 427; a1 YorkHamotton parish, 430; sigt, adidress to the lBp. of tLontdon respectiog the option low, 44o; refeecsto, 475, 476,477,480, 483; signs petition en Agent of the Clergy, 488; a'ppoInted Agent of the Clergy, 459; referencres to in Rev. Wmn. ERobitn. non's letter to the lIlt. uf 1l011(d0n, 463-470; lCue. *Fouqoierrsanllusivonsto, 471, 472; referred to, 424; app.eal of, bfore tho Privy Council, 489; referencen to, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 499, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514; tdeparived of lhiv proessfrsvhvip., St8; refereed to, 519, 520, 521;srnoe tefore Ite visitorcs, 523; referred to, 524, 525, 530, 531, 532. Camepbell, 16ev. Archiblcolv, 01 Washitngtotn portish, W9est nvocelood 11754), 513; ditto (17951., 430; lvreventt at Conettionth (1754), 414; sttlscription of, 427. Cattota, Eoclesiastical, thte I.\XVtt,%. (viler c..tveeooti..t reqoired tt Minvivters).1 The enoetttttt infrittgetocit of, referrecd to, 332; the CXXth (toote to he citedtintoEcclvsiastictlICourtst Ibylpoocess (if Quo. rum NOtto,l) 452, 453. Cottdidlatev for I teclco reootottenttdotioa of, bowveo, 492- 441 -Cantcpi, \ltchel, a Irenoch euehtgc, 193. Cantcrburyv Areebl.op otq..f, entrosted Ioe all Foolesioc.ticltttrvN, 4; rvctvvtl lDe. tleir, kittdly, Sr 6; offers o tmtanage lthe bositess of tlhe Cadlege with the Ring, 6; frvoolnuptt Laombethfor five weehv, 8; eve of tlce 1oitcelocotoeiev "vtuaConferenceoat Lamoothe 36o65 leotter to, front Gov, Nicobtlvon, 117-121I letter Icy Itrttt Cent. Bloir, 124-126; letrto, foeett Iota Ntchlst-tvn, 126, 127; e'01 "4.1c fthe, wthel It. lt-dvtIilge twntt edset ccv'.91,;vititint it) se;ttlig Blisoptsl it oAtmericat, 375. Culivotjcb vo a Frencu etotogee, 194. Cope Hetrey, LIgt lethove UPcot, 481. CureyCol. 134. Corgill, Rev jlotn to attcendance on Gee, Spoatswood, at Chit otvt, 196; tit Coneotctiont beld Aprtl 1719, 199, 210; vetetet. itt lrelec Ito the Gjoveroor, 223, 224; answers of, to qoveriev respctintg tlte state of biv parivh, etc., 300-308. Caelisle, Couvtcsv Of, 503. Carlitle (Petevylvottia), vacant, 533. Coroegie, Rev. John, vign:; eetdoev oroet vf Gun. NichOI-oy, 142. Correiece Isloandv, Itthaobitonts of, flocking to Sooth Corolitta, 185. 391;er Col.Landon Opy, en 465 484, 511 Ka,89 Car91 C;l r~efelredn Ottet, of5 Reo, 5 r1 Ro,39 Canter, Robert, vigvv represesntation of, Council of Viegioio to Itoe Quoeen againvt Govo. Nicholson, St; referretl to, 471, 495. 565 Cary, Col, and party, the coose of the Indliatt invasion of of Noreth Corolino, 187,188, Coatell, Edmundi, Oassoiatcd with tBp. Watton, in campiting the Polyglot Bible, refeered to, 331. Cennick, John. Laorse of, itt Aoselia ood Albemoret Counties, referred to, 381. Ceritifcate of beisng conformeatde to the Doctrine ond tDiscittine of ttie Chuorch of Englattd requoired for preftrrotrot, 23, Chrnoor st, Graes,,, a Frcnch refogee, 193. Chancellor of the College, 130. Clsalset Of thle (College, 54-57. Chaplains, King's. Mlinisters sent over denominated, 207, 240, 241, 244. Chaplin, R6ev. Rtobeet, scanrdaloun, 363. Charge astld essest to the Convention of Clergy(0I754). by COM~. tt,55'.5, 415-4t18 -Charles Parish, Y'ork County, without a ttinister, 258, 413, 430. Chtarles 1. Patrick H enry's vpeech cotmparintg King Gereto at, 514. Chastaisr, Fsticos e, 193. Chsastain, jean, 193. Chasitaiv, Pierre, 193. Ctetroadeteey, E'arl Of, 403. Chrtsriss r, Instians schoot at, 196, 197. Cthrist Cthurch Pt'aists, is Lancaster Counoty. Ansvwers to querries resp~ctinsg thre state of, 283-285; adodsress of the esesolsrs of, tor the Ills, Of 1rs010a1t, 348-350; reeslcssssor tsr, 412, 430. Chreist Clitrveht ta'acsst, inr Middslesex Cvosutty, answ5 ers to bevcies reospectirng the stale Of, 296-298;l referenoes tsr, 412, 430. Chsristrasa slay and Gsood Frisday, the onlty hotydays oh. Clsristssilrr, tOse, a Scsstctstoat, refuisesd recammendaoltianst for Hosly ortdsers,, 405. Churchesrto lie well andI osrderly kept, and motre tolse bssilt, 2. Chuarch irs Virgitnia. Rev. Mr. Forbess acrcount of the state ssf tho, 323-334. Chutrchobsf Esnglandl Almsighty Gsod tos be daly ansI laity seresds ascossdsing to the font, of religison estabslishred jisthe, Sacameant rsto be adm,,inistered occosrsditng to the rite:, sf, 1, 2; certificate osf beinsg contformtable to tse docsstrinr a,,st stiscitsline of, requiresd far preeferrsscsss, 2, 3. Chorc (isf En~glandstparty, weakest in theKing's Council, 4. Church. lThe case of thre, recometntcded its Gasv. Nicholson's spseech to the Assenmbly, in 1711, 129. Church tn he httilt or Chapel,sf Easae," Act entitled, otpinion of Sir Edward Noethey concerning, 127, 128. Churchwardenn to keels the chorch in repair and pro. vide onttaments," Act entitledt, opistian of Sir Ed~w. Noetttey concerning, 92y, 128; copy of Sir Edwsard Nss hep'n opinion, cstcernsing Inductiotin csssmntsssisatrsl to tilte, 128; rcfuýaisg to take the Oalth, 514. Chochatstck lorish, Nansenisosl County, 413, 430. Clock, Rev. Jarstes, signss enslsrsersssot osf Govr. ZNichoil. vso", 142; signrs letters to Ctoi. Blair, 143, 145, 1563; sich, 2s50. Clayton, Rcv, tDastiel. Anstwens of, to rtorrirn, revpecstig the state of his parish, etc., 279-281. Clergy. Bttersoesrt of wsomen tsisnserest frosm matching wilth, 15; affrsstts cast uont the, tsy Sir Edmundtss Andross, 16, 17; osf a very ill exattplel, 30; Coitnpossrstfosrtile nsttpartof Scsotshtssss,tsaselyrsta. cate andtr little acquaainsted wists the excellenscy ssf thseir chsarge atts sdaty, 30; affsronst thsrownrtttlsot, 33, 34; aslsres Osf rse, ssf V~irginia tso (lie Governor, 62a, 63; Kissg'N bousttty to, Isissdrest, 64, 65; condsitions of,srercarioustiss conssequsevnc osfsneglect or refusal of inssuctiott, 86; totter Osf tile, of Vtirginia, to t~se Goseresor, 116, 117; savrsiosn osf tir. pessple to assy mnare Scotch, or very yaoung, 119; trrerga laiisof, 130; Gosv. Nichsslsons.slussr of, 132, 13',; tssestissg ssf tile, 145-153; omt~e scsstasks alvon th iie, or ccounot ot tse rocedn at a ttsectissg ot stile, 154-179; trcro~ess. (isf the, 229; wars sif, 256; meanopssstiniosn Of the, 259; a tsrssloýitistt fssr suppslyisng she Counstry)O s irgini,'sa wit a uficint sum erof msucsh settee, 334-344; cbaractercOf,347; tak~enstupsis fanntinsg asssbsying stave,;, 3500 361;Mr. Daites's ssreprsentstations of she, 376; tsre Ills of IsssLondons s sssser thsretot, 372-374; letter of tre, ssf N'5 ssksta to tile 1ithIsts) ssf 1~,01st10s, 4,34-440; dtstts 440-446; repsost of Lards corn t555sz5555505'. tar tsre doe aslloanace of tesral acts passedt isr Virgsnia relatinog tss tke, 458-46o petitiaon Of sts. Convsesntion of the, 487, 488; coot. rsittee fssr relelsving tre Amtericana, appslication to, 534-536. Clergy Law Of 1748-.4), referresd to, 444, 453, 459, 461, 462, 469 457 -Clerk, its atssersre of the Msinister ao read Prayers and art ltsssstst> 237. Colchsester, Losest 9. Cole, Rev. Rosscow, at Wa rwic~k Porinh (1754), 413; 566 sahett from ('Conention (1745), 4t5; appointed on Corbin, Richard, Es1:, at Council meetings, 449, 450, I.t rnclittee of vaid Convention, 425; ulsccription 405. of, 420; troth of, refrrdt to, 433. Cornbkty, Lord, tamtperel with by Gov. Nicholson, Cottis to Ikeilsk tileir's roaksctin the Govern. s I, ito' letter the Virlo h of St. Anne's rlating to, Cony, Rev. Peregrince, Gov. Nicholson's Chaplain, 9a, 234-242 &ct kof Aooobly (1662) concerning, etc., t<14. 4A-:4 Council (in Virgieiol, t3, 20, 25, 37, ot, 35, 44, so, S, College of Willinto ant1 Mloiv Account of the College ~20 53 83, 07, iS, to, tao, 134. 233 nv-, j -; Sir d mund Andros a conduct with Council of Trade, Letter to, rrfervd to, 183. rIlAtiOn to h, 01 - As; it cOUn of a Conference at Council Hecorils picked and cullled and sent to England Laooloth tc.;cecting Sir Edlmund Antros's opposi- imperfect, 96. tin to 0 tile, 3t5; letter fron John Locke refer- Coutts. Rev. William, Application of, for Hloly Orders, ritng to the, t67; ov. Nicolsonlo heard to threaten 529. thtt he would seiie it for the King's use, 89; letter Coxe, Col. Daniel, 87. of Cono. Illair to the Alp of Canterbury, reshct. Coxo, Mr. Thomaos. Bookseller in London, 359. ing, 112, 113; lettr of Gov. Nichlson, reslpecting, Cox, Rev. James. Answers to queries respwcting his 12o; rooots for Indiano to e rteady, 523; CGov. Parish, 261, 262. Nicholson abuse of, 33, 134; revenue of the, so Ccanston, Parish of, in the IDiocese of Edinburgh, 247. ruined that the President has bad no salary for two Cromwell, Oliver, referred to, 107oy, 125, 514; years, 136; disturlbance at the grammar school of Croxton in Camblridgeshire (Eng.), 276. the, 137, 138; education of Inldian children at, 191; Cruden, Rev. Alexander, at South Farnham Parish, deploralble state of, 183, 184; Journal of proceed- Essex (1754), 413; ditto, (1755). 429; present at ings of the Convention held at the, 199i-215; re- Convention (1754), 454; sublscription of, 427. ferred to, 233, 290, 298-,oo; Plan or encouraging Culotpelsltr, otiomas, Lord, 2o6, 238. the education of young divines at, 319; iProceed Cumberland Parish, Lunenlburgh Couoty, 412, 430, ings of the Convention of Clergy (1754) held at Currie, Rev. Iacvid, at Christ Church and St. Mary's, tile, 454-426; affected by paosage of option law, Whiteclhalw, Lancister (1754), 452; ditto, (1755). 446; Coin. iDawson lctcced preoident of, 446, 430; labsent front Convention (1754), 414; excused, 447; conuctt of Professors at the, 457; lack of dis- 415. cipline in, 473, 474; Rev. Ste. Itorrocks chosen president, 517, 518; course of the Visitors of, 558, Dade, Rev. Townslhend. Application of, for holy orders, 523, 525; ti.e Willian anld SMary College. 503, 504. College IHall, t1, 127. D)'Allizon, Tho., a French refugee, 193. College Joursoals, 23. i Dale tari-li, Clhesterield County, 412, 429. College Library, 1i3; ride also Notes. Daniel, tMr. lenry, 3. Collier, Rev. Peter, signs address of Clergy to CGov. D artmouth, Earl of, 503. Nictolson. Davenpolrt, Mr., Clerk of Court and writing master to Commissaries. Queries to be answered by, 257-260. tile College, 433 Committee on PIlantations, 4, 7, 9. Davenport, Rev. Joseph, recommended for holy orders, Compton, Ileury, tishop of London, references to, I5Is, 432, 433. S 266, 280, 289, 310, 311. David, Pierre, a French refugee, 194. Congregational discipline, 376. Davies, Rev. Samuel (Presbyterian), Seven meeting Convention. Journal olf proceedings of the, April, 1719, houses situated in five counties licensed for, 366; 99-2155; speech of Mr. Corn. Blair at the, 215- extract of a letter from, to Dr. Doddridge, 368-371 i; 217; historical remarks for the better understand- extract of letter respecting, 379, 38o0; address to ing of the proceedings of the, as8-225; answer to Burgesses respecting, 381-383; letter of Com. Dawthe accusations contained in the Governor's letter son respecting, 383; ditto, 384-386; references to, to the, 226-233; vide General Convention. in Gov. Dinwiddie's letter to the Bp. of London, Copley Parish, in Westmoreland County. Hlow served, 395, 396; references to, 407. 292; vacant. 358; (Cople), 412, 430, Davis, Mr., 8, 9. 567 Davis, Rev. Peter. "Still untravislec (or. antd no va Dettinger Parish. Prince WilIuto" CuwslpY, 412- 430. CAUies*, 406; at Southw~ark- Prish, Siurrey (1754), D~e Sadlly, Msnssiaae, 113 -413,1.dittoi (117551, 4330. 413; nlseout frost Convers. Deppe, Pivere a French refitgee, i%4. ti11 ( 17 54), 415; Sig,"S secoo"d oreatO the lip. Denhigh Parish. Referred tW, 34; without mininter, of Lonstdon, on the passage Of the option law, 4410;. ass. Aistwitnoesl,oi a,o"sttsttittee of tile clcrg-Y,. Dell. Rev. Thomas. Placed int Iltungur Parish, *19; Davis, Rev, William, At Illotsser Parivsh. King George letter (if, to thle Btishop of L1ooolon, ojj-356 an. (1754.5) 4t3 1ditto (17455), 4,90; ce-ic-tst snt tConven- crts ssf, t ure epcighspritc.31 lit" k(17540, 415 -,APsvssttsl Ott 01A colutiktttstec. 0.59 274., ojrisrtettg i uitOs,2* 4191 1ts1csititesl Trssstee, 424; lulhscri~stiOti of, 427;- Dlautlatvy, Pierre, a French refktgee, 194 rctlOcsetl frosmt Trusteests'P, 428. leg W5tt,30 Dawtson, Rev, Msusgrave, at Roaseigh parish; Ametlis De Btutts, Rev-. toorence. Atnswers of, to querie's res(1754) 413; presesnt at Csonvcestion (1754) 414; al)- pectittg the stale of his sarish, etc., 29)0-292; In a-i~e oil toto"Iittee, 418; sots-sristiso Of, 42(b; Woshsintgton Parish, Westntsstrl,d Cssuttty, 249; reappossntss trustee, 423; at St. Mory's, Carolitte, moas t to Marylansd, 358. (1755) 429. De Cla~si6, Fratt~oiv, a Frettch refugee, 1193. Duawsotn, SR-c. Williams, ýCorssst tvaty). Letter of, to liinwiditie, Rsbert, Lieutenanttt-Governor of Virginia. to the Blishosp of Lonostn, antnouncitng seath of Letter of, to the Btishtop of Lsondaot, 303-396; ditto, Rev. Btarthlomewtct Vates, 356; enmplsoyed l'y Coot. to the Secretary of tile Vet,. Society, 397, 395; ditto B~lair to reras prayers for hill', 358; letter of, to the to the Bishop of Londton, 399401; dlitto, 401, 402; Bitshops sf tasLonso, reportistg "The Ploin Accounvt," referentce.; to, 406, 417; adsld,e- of tire clergy to, 359; itnstructs hi-s brothser itt Dticittity, 3162; tetter 420, 421; retpty Of, 421; referrest tos, 4;4, 438. 447 -of, tss (Ile ttitssls Of t-0t~011, 3()0 lelctodl Pt vi- 448; at Council meetintg, -449, 450; letter to tr dentt of W9illimanti Mvl9ary College, 367; 111cer of, Vestry of tlatoilton Parish, 451 ', scfserevces to, to Is tisle cvi, sssf tssttslsss, 377-379; dItta, 379-381; 452, 453;, lettee ssf, to the Blishop of L~stvondo, 454 -dlitto, 38_ - ditto, 384-33(96; sets forth a sutscritptiov 450; referrel to 484; adtios osf, r vjsecting tlie invtwtssf sf Rv, Mr. Kay,391;Gaovernorltin- tw pennynet,5A 50). witslttis accsuntstsf, 3931; rcfcrvcssco to, 39(6, 397, Dissentseov. Tosleratiosn of tile, 257; refore tdo, 3:8, 398; olslsvshtsetss osf Rec. Ihorto; taavson att 05 1s-371 t manty svtsAyisett, 35o0; more leartscst thou Commtimsvsarysit)ldsce Of, 399, 400; referredvlto, 407, vnfortmsertdays, n astvzvealossAndosactiseosiever, 410- 365;1~t g (aisfss 39.5 196; se~ttlesd ol Itil frontiers, Dawsosnt Rev. lTvorsav (Comttnis-sary). Gosse foe Orertes, 409; 10ilg gcssstssld 445. 312; tinste softisre Itdisani Scotosl, 361; electedl to ltissentving leoshurt, Charisc;.s witht sovitriog into succeesd tttittitsvit Blair itt tleuotss Parishts 367; tO osst pulpts, und stealsng, isstoa othess inttte oh. ujsposstrettss f tstfis tCsvtttisaoy io tlseeveosiiofltis seeoesf theiri sroers owesitt, 435; sleety of Vie. bsrother, -999 400' sleter of', to the Btitshop of ton- gissia nesther expect noar drsire ttse indlulgence dson, 405-407; sIt;, 409-411; at Blroton Parish, shoawn to, at (tie norsthswars, 430. Votk ( 1754).,411; presvided andv preachesd at Cson- Dixno, Rots. Johin, at Kinggston Parishs, Glaucester, vetttion (1754), 414, 415; charge Or, 415-418; see- (1754), 413;-ditto (1755), 429; presentt at Connotnt of, requsestcd for tsereste, 415; apptointedt ventiOs, 414. chairmanof comttittres,410,.519; at tBruton, (1755), Dixots, Rev. Robsert, at Liohasen Parish, Princess Anne, 430; Presidetev af the Cosllege, 431; lctter of, to the (17545),413; ditto (1755), 430; present at Con. Sisaop saf Londo,isat431, 432; dtittos, 432,4313; refer. velstivvls (1754)1,41 % - uppoinsrte on comtmittee, 418; redt to, 439, 446; letter of, to the lishsop of Lonidosn, subscripvtion Of, 436; sefcrcesce to, 433. 446-448; present at Council meetinsgs, 449,450; Doodrdisge, Dr. Phsilip. Fxteoct of a letter from the treattment of, by the Profevvors of the College, 457, Ree. Samuoel Davies to, 368-371; the Bishop of 458; a vnery tool, 468; a very inimoral matil, 469; uatvndon to, 371-374; totter to the Bishop of Lossucceedesd hy Rev. Wint. Roistivon, 470; references don, 374-377; referresl to, 383. t0, 474, 505;' cosnfevved the fact of hiabitual drunkh- Dodvlingtont, Mr., 403. eiiaess at anicetingof tlevivitorsof theCollege,517. Doran John. Living is fornication, 348. 568 Douglas, 1ev. William. 'Title genulne, 365 t roference to, 377 ai St S ot Jamte*, Northam Ios ritlh, Gooch. lait (1754), 41311 plroent at Convention (1754), 414 1 epyditted ott Comthml Ittoc, 418;.otheritptliit of, 427. ID yley, Kev, Collpe. Cotplotined of, j8 t turned out by toe Vcrttry, 48; sighn address to 'he Governor, 117; Church 1doors shut agaiot, 34, 35, Drounkronr. Suggoestion slpecting the punlhment of, 341, 342. Drummond, Mlr. Witi ton, justice of James City Court, 94. Drysdalet, Major lugh, (LieutenantooGovernor of Vir. ginia). Willing to relvrcs the complaint of the cleigy aout inlductioll, 250; favors anod arotects thi cocerons of Church ando CIlergy, 253; letter to tile litkhot of ondo, 250, 257; ditto, 200; a gootd friendt of tle Cltrgy, 259; referred to, 322. Drytsdale tarishi, in CarOline County, 413, 429. Dublin. Incorporatedt Socity in, 4 1. Dulancy, Waller, tsq., Cotlmissary General, 535. Dunoar, Rev. tlancock,ot St. Stephen, King andl Queen (1754), 411; ditto (1755),.430; absent from convention (17541, 415; signs second address to the Bithttot of Itoodon rtespecting the passage of the option law, 4oo. Dupplin, I. itt, 379. Dupre, Jean, 194. Dupuy, Barthelemy, 193. Edwardts, Me., a (;overnor of the ('ltege, 56, It:lwort%, Rev.t,,, tistler oif st t. A tnn's n ( 1713), 20,1. Enh1111,011%ial, L'ord~, t 141l downl tile govervelntt of Vir. gidit, 9; order for opening the land on the south sitle of tlolackwater in the ltlte of, 57 7 reference to, 222, 320. Elizaotth City Parish, Anower to queries rerpecting the stAte of, 293, 294. Ellttatoh tiver Parish, Norttlk County, 412, 43o0.:Emmanuct College, Coambritge ( Et tgland), 387, 3192. t'oterson, Rev. Arthur,at Accooack tParih (17541, 4121 ditto f1755), 429; otsest frot Convention (1754), 415. Episcotpal Jurtdiction. Exercisedt Iby the Iishop of Londonl in America, 532-534 1, ide Ecclteiaticall Jurisdictioin. Episcopacy. Little regardedt in the colony, 36o, 361. Essex County. Letter of Govrnvor Spotswnotl to Ves. try of St. Annos in, 20ol, 203-208; ride St. Annto, Essex. Evans, Mr. John. Referredto, 123, Everholt, in Betlrdfordshire (Englantd), 276. Eugenius Tertius. Quotation from St. Bernard's epistle to, 31, 32. Examiners of the Clergy. Suggestions respecting the appointment of, 341. Dull.y, FrasKIos, 193 Fairfax, William, Esq., at Council meetings, 449,450. Dutoi, Pierre, 193. Falconar, RV. J aimes. Present at Convention held April (1719), 199; doubtful of the Commissary's Earthquake. lishop of London's letter on occasion of tEpiscopal orditoation, 2o10; opposition to the colthe, 409. latioi of, 249; answers of, to queries respecting the Eourone, Rev. Samuel. IProjudice against, for preaching state,f his varish, etc., 293, 294. against autltery, 26; turned out of his paerish by Falltouth, Town of, 534. the Governor's creatures, 48. Farcv, Jean, a French refugee, 193. Ecclesiastical lIscipline and Government. Conduct of Farnohtaoo Parishl, in Rioloniatnd County. tHow served, Sir Edmund Andros cooncerning, 16. I 292; vacant, j31. Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction. Invaded by Governor Nich- Fast. Ptroclamation for a general (11757), 456, 457 olson, 131, 132; the Bishop of London's, referred Fauquier, Francis, (Lieutenant Governor of Virginia). to, 393,395,397,401,532,534. Account of ill-treatment of Rev. John Canni by, Edet.burgen, Jo. Signature of, to Commissary Blair's in Rev. William Robinson's letter to the Bishop of certificate doubted, 222; copies of letters of order -, 464; letter of, to the Rev. Dr. Nichols, 470 -suoscribed by, 247. 472; referredl to in Commissary Robinson's letterto Eden, Governor Robert, 535. the Bishoppof London, 474-480,482, 483, 484, 485, Edisbury, Jo., 93, 102. 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 503, 517, Edmiston, Rev. Edward, 535. 520, 522, 523, 524. Education of Indians, Negroes and Mulatto Children. Fauve, Jean, 195. A proposition for encouraging the Christian, 344; Fauvre, Pierre, 193. vide Indians, Negroes, etc. Fees for Marriages and Funeral Sermons, 299, 314. 569 Fife, Rev, Wilia, at 14n114oa1, ElitahtIel City (1754), 411 1 ditto (1755), 4291 atilet (oitt Coliveotlioo (1754), 4151 1t11c4rpl11ti1 off, fin wiolowa a1i1l or AitN tit Ilfie ou4,n ClrY, 47. Iitliii, jeai, a FIend, C1ti, 194. Fimiiey RevW. 11)no. Presentiot at Convention heltd Apilt, 1719, 199-2t- I ppointied o" a vonltIitiec to aniSwer e11 Ittioiiiip of L.oioon'i letter, a II. Finnic, Rev,. Alexander, at Martin's ttrandoni, Princce George, (1754), 411 ditto (1755), 430, pretenit at ContvCninii (1754), 414 ulccriltoitoll of, 426; signs hecoit ndoilrca to the lishop o if iLoa oni the pa,.age of the option law, 446. Fitzhugh, Col. Williamt Aitted to (e Council, 19.o, Haliders, I IS. ilavel, Joll. Rele$red to, 3t8. Fletcher, CI. (Goivernor of New York), 9, Fonvitcle, Jnan, a Ficntch refugee, 194. Fontaine, KRev. iFrancis. Answers of, to queries rlespect. ing the iate oi his pihiish, etc., 281-283. Fontaine, Rev. Peter. Presen t'i ettion hei April, 1719, 199 210; utiitcs iin addtress to the Governor,, 122-2-4; aniswerts of, to quo.ries restpecting his tnishl, etc., 270-272; at Westover's, Charles City (1754), 41; dit3to (1750, 49; absent it convent. tinn (1754), 414. Forbes, Rev. Alexander. Albsent fromt Convention held April, 1719 '0i; letter to, reom Conuniitsary Blair, 251252; anllsers it queries respecting the %tate of his eartik, etc., 295206; ftitther replies, giing all ncoutnt of tic tate of thie Church in Virginia, oy, 323i334. Forbes, Kev. Dr. Referretd t)e 324, Forbes, W9illiinam, E-,. + err to, 3,24 -Ftrtiterand, tJean, a Freetch reftgee, '9193 Fouace, tev St.lotel,n 5 i, 7to, 8j; naiitnavit of, relettiiig to the iial-Aministraotiin of Gov. Nicholson, 87-93; signs addllress of Clerg to the Gt-ernor, 117 t; letter tof Cn. Ilair respecting, 124,125; referred to, 142. Foulis, Rev. James. Settledl in Antriim Parish, 4o6; referreet to, 413, 414, 427, 429. Fox, Rev. John, at Wanre, Gloucester (1754), 412; ditto(r1755),429; present at Conveitioni (1754), 414; sulbscription of, 426. France. 9'ar with, lo,; rtereeince to, 435. Frank. Mr. Graham, Attorney, 511, 519. Fraser, Rev. George, at )Dale IParisht, Chesterfield (1754), 412; ditto (1755), 429; present at Convenltion (1754), 414; subscription of, 427. Fredericksville Parish, Louisa County, 412, 434. Freitretik taninh, 412, 439, 41t). FlrtleieickttrighT, towit of, 53,14 French. Eniconomwoet or Ills, 14-6111 1o,41), tret,1t0, Rttugoiiailttietitn i 11o, drfliith t1111411 In Vir. 11n, II) 1151 lot of, $,).I 19I conaition ofr, 2.50; eitter of, toi Rn. Mi, Nearte, 353 French Sqtuldron, in tihe WVent Intitlen, 1S9. Itittianti, litihtiai Chatlw at,.23, Fullerinl Sncl-ttint, feea for, 294, 314, 379. Fyre, Rev. Williant, nlchooltinter, 294; tide ala,, Fife, Rev, William, Galntianti, Lutther oI, referred t1, 3JO, Garcia, Rev. Mr., presented to a pari~h, 256, 3j8. Garry, Claude, n Fretclh refutgee, 194 Gavin, Rev. Anthiony. Letter if, to the ltishop of I.on. lol, 160, 3i6l Gazette, The Virginia, 450. (;Ienral Aneotbly of Virtiiiia, 12, I1, 34, 41, 42, 48; vide A.9ititbly. General Convention, Atlores of thie Clergy of Va, in a, 419, 420o; agent aplootiotedl tby, 459; referred to, 464, 475; oetitiontl if, 487, 488, General Courts, Gov. Nichlolson' Ichavior in, ", loo. Genin, Guillnatnie, it French refugee, 194. Georgia, Province of 364. Germian Familic, the case of the, 247, 248. Gerianna TIowit, Spotylvainia County, referredt to, 332. Giliberne, IRev. Inaac W. Letter of to the li shopof Londoto, 501-50,; coooInit( of, iln Cotll. tRobiison's let. ter tto the uibbp tf Londoti 522. Gibsonti, t1) too,1,,,d, Blihop of Lononii, 385, 504, 583. Gills, il. Schmloliaslter, 275. Ginautan, Aitlhotne, a tontoch ttefoi ee, 194. trable Land. i ot actei of, to le nidt for the liet ter n1iitellanc of able miliniistesr, nlli to Ibe set a oear the parsooage its may lie, 1. Glebes. Ittiructions conc.ertlilig, I, 2; Sir oEtlmnd Andros'oo cottduct concerning miitiiioters salaries and, II, 12; withheld, 35; iimprovementi of, preventeld bIy precariousness of thie circumnstances of the Clergy, 250; parishes otliged to purcliase, 257; neglected and unimproved, 259; Plan for stocking and improving, 260; suggestions respecting, 338, 389 Glen, Rev. William, Application of, for books, o90, 191. Gloucester County, 318. Goochlland County. Enthusiastical assemblies in, 381, 382. 570 Gotch, 10t. Gove William,. Coln, HIAinr chatrActer of, itoerrandf, Dlalnie,A French refugee, 393. 353 leiter of. to hrt Secrtriry of. the Vets, Society, (imothio, Kee. ThIom as, s~ 3 54 rrlrr'i io,.15 5, 156,;(m)i lettirr from, to lrite It jl of l.1111l14, ociiouncing death oft 'ot, 1 1,, Mlr. 11,, ls, (lrtoir~nl) 7 I [a~~lmley, Mrt,, S aimipir ot (the Colotege mlditillg, 5. 40.1ol Frida fiolil 5 haliteuiu toy, lie o~ily holy lays 't:'1"0r i~e. Ii~ritY, 4I4-11t31 c'itniltltet, J48, AmItvd J I 2 II liohos u1h te1S, 379,.4f " IcitLo', 4911 e t r I of, 150. (seietltir ket, Jidim hancwtore, ito tiporlen iryeeitiig I loll, tee. lItW, efereei' Ito, toýv. (Ile Stt 1 o taletIkjol-,1, etc., J02, 1i1,0Ilol, NV. I roe, (tiot, it) Nit. 'loylor, Secitariry of the Col111 l ii Jon VhtilceIt ollo%)thi Aginoli, 34, 35; V'itt. Soicy, 14i(t, 'ii.ý Atn li ikd IS.itito it taoi,~; lioi~tsif'ogys itolytitti-iti, tea. wo-itit, il-t,), itejctril lip flie V14tniltr II irei;ti114te, ti7 at iterletc 'orc 1151 wif W itt omi Nici iotele;;, pi). 412; iltt (1735), 4J't' aticeiO leam Coniiveilitiii, loinililt-oti'lt h)i t'fii\Vi tto iii" l'1iitiiy, 406 413, 11751I), 411..30 4l.t 1)l. I50. 45', 451. 453., 454. 455. (,oclie- lotipi. ltow Iitoit, Rtev. Attliii, ttt.itolioii tiit tho G.ertiir, 530, Gutine, jrott, 194. I ý 1). (Ciily. Joii 9f5. Iilooilt.ol, W%. Gi,, 4f". (oorty el 3c,ll. 9.1,iiiilloin,c1, lit George, it. (otrty I titiloc 15 1t 3tll.'ielititelParishi,l429, 433. Gitvicetoot of tie C'iilege, 17, It, 22, 23, 27, 4i, 42, 44s 11III tot, 461..45, 46, 130, 133, 334. 1Iliotittoo Pitrioti FItialotll iItip,.311, 429. iirotteittieil,1 t I ioulie taketn littetncr liv the Indtione, tlotitiiry, Nit jothn, tikicaii iii i'Tocer Sitreet, Londoa, 187, to)(t,.9,399, 405 liratcii, Ree. Riclord. ieife'.,oirt lof iahemtitica ii I laoilcrp, Nitlr. a rI, itccietrlioi III, London, 500, 503, William, oil NMory COllige (3754), 413, 431; Pre 50 -tit at 'iolelktit; (1754), 414 -; oyitinit led on cim- Iooicner (Coittty, F oil iutiotocal acsstmblieo ito, 381, 382. Intateto 414S; aoliscceytioo Of, 427; signas oittddess ilnovier ooty. St. I talcs Poarith in, 262, 264. lotireiisiloll 41 AIaiiitiirespectingitire jiytilat w, IllnovieceParish. Nistty.1 at o ctciii i tichplcaiit]levieila 440; iLiiiitloiceil of tiy lite Iio~ertor, 456; (oiloof salary fir a laymanii of.ottliocioattcott pr~iniles, 046; of, it) cmci.tc (ltePesitciicy if lie Colee It 7 I lieeiiio:e i0, 413., 4lii SIN e~totit to licord, 524. Hrwck, Loiid, 510, 525 l rottmiti Schoiloil. Dituc rbanceati tiet, 137, 138 Is tcure Hrisontitt, lion. lDen jinin t net o tici)he 1iitoerlicuotiiioe of lii. iii tci of, respeccting, 1311, 140.-a 1 i,iebtlt (16i07). 36(i5, thiertiir Ntctholaoi,'soeieranille, 'tile)f 525, teo~iito, 70;,iitnocittoi-ooiattitiiofNVirgtioi CootiComai ChotiilAc. Si. Peter's l'arishi. Appilicaition of tir ciloc'iistiiiiii Nicholsoon, 81; in itocr of Queern's ioiiiiitetr (if, foe i litiroty, ~iW, 191. ittony iti ib p2ersotic aypotiltti toi treal withl the Goreiti itcc Chaltli, at Truro. Patrish, Foirfax (3754), Inian totde rled to reprtiito, 324; Vlto II., Mr. 11, 412; 1tutu (1755), 429; absent frotc fConentiono Hartwell, Col. 40. )17541 45 totibscription oif, 427. llaitieil, lRev Richaird. In.qotties respecting, to Corn. Greenwich, The shili if war. Letter (rota Chaylaio of, Blaitr' eItier to lie lIchop Of Loodont, 362, 363. to the Secretory of) the Soc. Society, 184, 185. l1awkttoo coot Newtion to Cambriidgesthiro ( Eog.), 262. (Grey. Rec. tr.e guitly of solilotiy, 38 Ilopiter Dr.t Bishopiof ic L iono, 504. Grtiffn Rrv. Cih.res Letter to the IBiohop of Londoo' Hediges, Rt. lie,, Scit Chailes Refcrence toletirraf, 352. coticoratong instructlion if Inoiaiocohildirra, 196, 197; Ileoleroto, Ree. -Jecth, Caommissary ef Morylond regdfort of, it bhal olfo the Indiatos, 3o6. lotted ti, 363.* lrepencoeo Collection of lthe firt Sic Creiouries refettedl Heletly, Mr, tRobort, Siolicitoie, 403, 404; ithioiks of Con. to, 331.. centioo oif 1754 ireiterod to, 422. Urpmeir, Nlt, John, Vestrycina of Cbind Chorch 'or. Ileotico Cootity. List of Frooch Protectoot Rehigeeo osh,;Jzo. iii Siug NWiltioam 'aticth, 193-195; cothocio..tooal Gryates, l'Sitii, Fsu1., at Ik'iuoliil otlectitty, 449. 450. oseoeitlie; io, 341, 382. 571 I.leneico Parish, linth Iiajpper IDittrict af 3 uteri Roiver, referred to, 34,.15 298; antweritit qurprrin reio~rd. Ing the oltipoff r(1724), 30r4# 05 refertiort 'on t, po, 423,1 409ý Sletilry VII 1. Sftiuairte 1, lp. j. ereft-rivi It), IA, hienry, hlotirk, Aocvrirtn (if file ' nycet li of', its ti,,' Vitr loifi(mar, 497, 49811,34. 525. lirtay, Rev, l'Mrirlr, aigio rardes t(os (ie Ii,,itr,,graao agahis Pieyterlorti lin V'..,181.; m S, roatil, It otovir (1754), 413 J;dtto ( 1750), 42911"Wl (011 (Ito itirorir it ( 1,54)lrr, 41SorA0 "V4 "irreolloo thel t11011LW,.146, flick-,, Mr. Roiertt, 2*3.. 1i11t, Abriraha, 114, Hill1, Mr. lloro"phroy, 4813. Itiltoto tougli, Lord. Eat rot fnom it letttro from Mr. Prtlerttot Nelson to, 532, 533; luter, 533, 534, Ilind mait, Rev. Johnt, totd,.165. ltrittot, (Rev, (?) Mr., refirroil to), u185, 1111, e. Joocjrh, migosadr otic onrf Clergy to Gov. Nit hol~oi, 227. Holy I roiys, no (except Chtir,rrrro itoy wod G(ood Friday), 1INve 22.J 1Hotily (if tobedience tori, May 29th, (2776), 535. H2ro~ope, Mr. Acounot of the Jurisdiiction of rhe Itishop of Londort, iol tho irtorrorris bry, itt (li 11 Voockty Mtisocllany, (Vol. 1., 79), 3781. Iloolrt, Rev. D)r., 392. Itotothkis, Rev. Mr., reierrerd to 432. Hitrocoke, Rev. James, carred tile Presidentshipt ot the Colleg~e agarinst Rev. Mr. Groaiam, 517, 5211; lte of, to hItieHiholr Of Icticti01, 530, 532. Ilairse of Ansmihip, Governor Nicholson's behavioritt hol Upper, t98, oo; tide Assembliy. llotooorf lorgcsvocs, 16, 17, 19, 37,38,443,97; ofice eOt ttle C(liki of hion atotirge tootdhe, 134. 1fil-Orf C". lollsto 36ý Iloirhod, R.,evir~e, IcryTtoera Eiroeaniei Cottogo,,Cant breidge. ltingtrs Pa ortis, min Noeirthivptotr Counaty, oa the Eat ernt thore referreed to, 249, aanwets of the mittister of, respectring tite state of this pirith, etc., 272-274; referrerd to, 293, 422. 430. Hurst, Mr.,choolorstera 275. Htlnton, lie. ttrrhtitrhotr of Yoirh, 36, 37, 392, Huotchtnonot Rev. Mr. Rector if Wesit anaieitld, in Yoirkhirer (F rig.) referredr to, 2611. Hlyde, toe. (of North Caro6inait), Efforts of, to otitoor, tile invtsonotrrf (lire Indianst, 187. lItliret, Jeainne, 195. hartirret, srmnraarte, 295. Inrr.lgo EItniiroiotiiit itt the rexait af amaking, 436, l141 inac.11%t tiiilentoil aemerial arty ritlysiriat litt Fairple tridtiri itave,",ri tristor urt lto Im omrvitrtot In t~rrrtrrg Witli tire, 12j2, 12,1 sperelt tiune ify (GiV. Niriiiieiit tin tire Geneiralr Anaititily 111 2712, t4#0 rIng tire luti uvi~iit o tire chtilditent (if the, 239); iw thu1,1 VIIII IrIA y tire Tumtnistraoi, In Nitti (itt hlirr, '187-2r-01 tuirainoIt" frir "14' Oirer,,i tle, 255; elirtislIII lirticrf fir,,oI(Al 337;, H rr1rrrnll.l tm triemotringing tire (itrl-tiwi erhictri itt itt, 344. Indiiart Childtrent. Chtristian eduocationa of, 222, 223, 12*2, ertucatio itri, ar the Collergt, 292 r letter ot 2jishtop it Londnrtt tooprrtittg, 292-; lteter iff the IBinhop of 297.; rddeoiiove. Inucitn f rin inters iii Virginiai. Look Of, 15, 47, 49, 116, 87; Sir Edwardon Noitlurpa rroiririirn Curt. Ti-1ei 119i, 227,12281; POwci (if gviiog, r!nI oYr tiGOoc Niriii-ri, 1,31, 132; Ioni~c averse t~irte, 223;, re. tordtiot iii itt ijiii of trmirririt toitir, 2oi;t roie. tirn irirr (tortBarscmtitIVICtl,22;Gv Sloiottootoix' trIter itotrhe Vintry ifi S it.inns inton, eroltooit, 2o3-oS to, peopl avrse~ it), 223j, 224,; Crin rla~tiiroar1lCe~cii ~erti Ott 226if 227;retfrrroit to, 225, 226,227 J124 c oiooi fior nero l Aithr hip (2662) ro~pecittg, rcfotrro t to, 143 245; tire contoetversy eeqwt1rittg,rtirn thecseof St..%Oi's trr osh, i~cen 3t4, 325 loittr of C0111tt Illi tote C~ ill, 318-322; s~tottoitiu ton csirilg, 3,38; portiai~ of tire tlisinti of Londonritr t tire Kirqitiiotttriiig 3t43,.144; act -It tire Vi igiti.- entitled Ntiiri~tiero it) ire induteod," 311r2 trior if retn Dl iid. t i)tieniriop if milda rut.,oiiceittjiig 393-395;unito, to the Seco'titot, 387 iS tr/od Inetitutiorrro Colltionrri Righit if Ptritctioc Infidelity. Athreists conftrirmed ini trite, bythe unweorthy andrirandalious crriageiofsomerrinrriaters, 332 -InglisMnhirgio, ery good scioolniatt.nr, 39; pyneuttt of, 43; letter of, ton tov tict~an, 239) 240; coUI pliiit. Of, 223 tonai, 247. Iaaes, Reo. tolet,atr orpttrliti parish, Corolinet (21754), 4t13; ltutu (2755), 4ti6 429. present it. Convetiotrn (21754), 414;oti.,crirtion of, 426 Instil utitns alo il riruottort, referredi to, 225, 226, 227 -TierseO otrf Si hmt. Aneo r.h ot riechag, 2134 2-42. Acot orf treitora mi totrttlp ( 1r60), concrrernintg, etc. 572 243. 245; petition of Edmund, tishop of London, to the king, respecting, 345, 346. Initructions, to Sir Wm. Berkeley (165o), I, a; to ThomaN, ltrd 'Cultpelr, 2, j; to Mr. Roht. Ilictks ALnd Mr. Jlod rvanl, conceninng treating with the Indiani, 123, 124. Intriaaitivt F'vor, Jiow oicil, jo, Irel, I lousae of Commiiin% ini, action of, referreid to, Irilh Cotall,, P'l.iayer Htik, referred to, 339. Irins, Mr., schtoicnaster, 275, Irwine, Rev. Coorge, 250. sary's Episcopal Ordination, 210o; appointed on committee in ansiwer to the HLishop of Iondon's letter, 211; niotiot offeredl.by, 215; aplninted on collmittee to at itsl inueirs, at fanults the doctrine of the Cot:,nisavy' trriitioi, ait; objects to word piresnyter, instadi of prirst, 222; reiiarks in ('ont ventioll (1714)),12.1; mlovch tile %nillenhlon of tile tCommissary ( 2i, 2a; t11te or, to t lihtiio M40 f liAe1 don, 246i, Jy19; Ii iiat e in lFglAnd, 249. Jonen, Rev. John, at Augusta Parik (1754), 453; iditto (1755), 429, 432; present at Conivention (1754), 414; sutbscriptioin Of, 427; deprivedt of his nmastership at the college, 518. Joinilca, 105, 352 JonestNev'. Owen. Signs endorsnemenat of Governor Jam"i, iGovernor Nicholtto, nvoii, 169 Nicholsonii, 142; signs letter to Coninisivary Blair, Jan''v City. Sieriff of, referired toi, 25; writ of election 143, 163; absent irlaI oinventilon, Atril, 1719, withheld 1o0111, 97. oo; answer of, to quierics respecting the state of James Cityl Court. Justice of, struck out of the commisi his parish, 310, 311. sion of the Pekce, 94. Jones, Mr., 56. Jamnn City IParit, referred to, 15; Rev. iHugh Jones Jonesnt Mr. Roger Vestrymnan of Christ Church parish, eng ige) for two-thirds of the time, 246; answer 350. tol querie respecting, 264-266; referred tl, 412, Jure, iDevoluto. Presentation and indluction, 13 15,47, 129; vestry of, referred to in GCovernor Spotswoodl's 48, 320, 336, 345, 346. letter tio tihe iestry tof St. Ann's, Essex, 205, James River, 44, Kay, Mrs. Shameless contitduct of 392. James Town, referred to, 28; services at, and value of Kay, Rev. Willinam. citer from Kev. John Cauoi to living, '61, 27o; clergymnuan sent to, 288; Con0ms- tile Ilisthon uf 1olona, respecting, 386, 388; letter tary tlair ininiter of, 298. of, to the s;laie, 389 393; references to in Governor Jamitown. FoIrt at, 14, 32. uinwitddics letter to iishot of Iondtoin, 395; dlitto, JeetiyN, Mr., 3.1 in Bishop of Ivtionlii leitter to MIr. John Thorpe, Jenviogs, tol t'0 ut, d, 40; a great creature of thie solicitor, 38, 3,99; ditto in Governor )inwiddie's Governoras, referrei to, vS, 87, 88; sent to England letter, 401; case of,odeterined in hIis ifivor, 03,404; a' agt, nt95; rieference to, 313. case of, r.eferrel to, If6, 409, 410; at (o.uumberland oani, Je an, a F'rencLlh refugee, 94. Parish ( 175442 absent from Convention (754), lohnston, Rev. Jvsiah, Matcr of the Grammar school, 415; ease of, refeirre to, 422; at Cumbnerland actuion of the visitors rspec;ting, 528,529; alPiPoitt- (1755), 4130; case referreuo to 445 -ed on a coniniitee of tile clergy, 530. Keith, Rev. Mr. Renimoved to Maryland, 358. JoneS, Rev. Emanuel. Silgn, endorsement of Governor Kennor, Rev. Rodlham. "I Dead or d(lying," 357, 358. Nicholson; signs letters to Commivsary Blair, 143, Kensington, 113 144, 163; roeenti the samec, 148; present at Con KickStane, 300. vention heldt April, 1719, 199; Oapptinted on com- Kikotan, 54, 88. mittee to prepare alddress to Governor, 2o8; doubt- Kippax, Rev. P'lter. Sign adtdress to CGovernor Nichful of the Cornuivsary's tEpiscopal Ordination, 219; ilsooi, 117; signs endorsement of Governor Nichreports thereon, 211, 220; interrupts the Commis- olson, 142; igns letters to Caonuissary Blair, 143, sary, 218; answers. of, to queries respecting the 145, 163. state of his parisih, etc., 286-288; temporarily sup. Kirly, Rev. Mr. Obtainedi license for induction of Kev. plies Weare parish, 309; inducted, 315; died. 362. 'Thos. Baylyr, 274. Jones, Rev. Ilugh. Present at Convention held April, King Ceorge I. Proclaimed in Virginia, 130, 131. 1719, 199; appointed on committer to prepare ad- King James II. 126, 127. dress to IGovernor, 208; doubtful of the Commis- King Williuam, in Flianders, 3; return expected, 45; re 573 ceives the address of the Virginia Government in behalf of the college, 6, 7; wholly takeo up with thoughts of the war, R. King William II., rrferrted to, 19, 20o; soihken rdepiteful. ly and slightfullly of by Governor Nichlolaon, 7; futercs ortolln on, s1a, 120, 12,I King William Pa'rih..1,1 of French protestant edt. gore in, t()93-95 Iter of inhablitatus of, to Rev, Mr. Nearnc, 353. King's Letter for the relief of thile clergy, 6. Kingston Parish, Gloucester county. Vacant (1749), 365; referred to, 413, 429. Lafuitte, Isaac, a French refugece, o104. Lahbeth. Archlbihop of Canterlurj frozen up for five weeks at, 8; account of a conference at, 36 -65. Lang, Rev. John. Letter of, to the Bishop of London, 346-348. Lassin, Froaoois, a IFrench refugee, 194. Latano, Rev. Lewis, signs endorsement of Governor Nicholson, 142; signs letters to Conmnmissary IBlair, 143, 144, 163; present at Convention held April, 1719, 199; doubtful of the Coommissary's Episc-pal Ordlintio n, 210; answers of, to queries respecting tie state of his parish, etc., 285, 286; death of, referredl to, 359. Launay, Lavennce, a Fretnch refugee, 95. Lawn's Civeok parish, in Jeury county. Answers to quei rices respecting tie state of, 288. Lawrcore, Sir IThomats, employed to write in Governor Nichtolsonls behialf, o104. Lay IEnthusiasts, laors of, referred to, 38#. Lee, Co(l. Thosi, late president of the council, 379. Lee, Richard. Mlerchant in Londorn, 190o. Lee, Richard Henry, lsq., 495. Lee, Sir George, 403. Leer, Col., 25. Le Grand, Jacques, a French refugee, 194. Lehreup, Mr., agent of tile Province, 367, 400, 405. Le Jau, Rev. Dr. Francis. Letter of, to the secretary of tile Ven. Society, 184 185. Lelandl, Rev. John, at Wicocomnoco parish, Northumberland (1754), 412; ditto, (1755), 430; absent from Convention (1754), 415. Leneveau, Moize, a French refugee, 194. Le Neve, Rev. William. Answers of, to queries respecting his parish, etc., 264-2ti6; lectures at Wiliamsburg, 299. Lesubre, Isaac, a French refugee, 193. 73 Letters of Administration, to he granted in Virginia, a; side Wills, Protltes of, Lenillaiit, Jrant, a Irench refogee, t4. lwit, Mr, Wtolter, rcirstary to the tovcrtor, 41o. Lexingtoi, 114. Lib itr to lw provrild, 340. ictrices of Ntarriagrs, Governorr rentrte1tet with the vWilr (if grinting, I31 abuiosr of tatd power, 131, 132; tvide s for marriages, etc. ILichfirldi and Coventry, the Bishop of. Letter to, from Rev. Nicolas Moreau, April 12, 1697, 29-32. Lightfioot, Col. Philip, 26. Lightfot, J. Signs representationr of Virginia Council against Gov. Nichol-on, 8. Linhaven parish, Princess Anne county, 413, 430. Listiore, dliocese of, referred to, 313 Liturgy, deviations froti, remarks upon alleged, 223; translated into Iighl Dutch, sent for, 24(; regular conformity to, imtipossible, 213; irregularities in the use of tile, ciiiplrAilled of, 232, 233. Lloydl, Mr., inerchliarit 511, tocke, John (the 1philosopher). Letter from, to Mr. Comnmisisary Blair, Oct. t 16, 1ic, 66, 67. London, Blilshop of, sick, 3; under a great cloud, 4; advise peticlitioning the king in council on behlilf of tle college, 4, 5; conuoiti tire allair to the inlanagement of the archblishopli, 6; listens to the scheme for thie college, 7; advolie Dtr. Blair res;pecting the organization of tile oolloge, 7, 8; referired to, 91, o; the appointment of a Scotth-lman Comnnisary by tihe, resentilc as ai high atlriniit, 31; authority 9f, despised and undervalued, 35; one of tile 11 intlocutories " at a conference at Lambthl,)(1697), 31-1 65; minisiers ordered by Govurnor Nijlusoll to prý sent their licences to hin, 66 letter to, froni Cl41. Quarry, (ict., 15 1703, 82-87; not of the council of trtade and pilantt;ions, 122; Ecclesiastical iurisdiction of, awarded biy Governor Nicholson, 131, 132; complaint of clergy to, against Commissary Blair, 136; letter from, to Virginia clergy, 145, 146; references to, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155, 57, 172, 174, 175; letters from, read at the Convention of the clergy, April, 1719, 200, 201; application of, to the Ven. Society, in behalf of the Rev. Wm. Glenn, 19o, 191; extract from Col. Spotswoodis letter to, 191; letter of, to the Secretary of the Ven. Society, 192; letter to, from Rev. Chs. Griflin, concerning Indian school at Christanna, 196, 197; letters from, read at tie Convention of the Clergy, April, 1719, 200, 201; references to, 202, 205, 2o6, 207; the 574 Commissary desired to transmit a copy of his ser- Lords of the Trenury, not allowed to lay new business moo to, 208; letter of clergy to, 209, 210, 211, 212- before the king, 8; maintenance of a cruising ves. 214; reference to, 215, 256, 217, 219, 223, 226, 227, sel by Sir Edmound. Andros, on another footing than 229, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 240, 241; no minister was ordered iby, 65. to be preferred to any ecclesiastical benefice with- London, Lord, 494. out a certificate from, 244; letter of the Rev. IHugh Lower Norfolk oil IElizabeth river. Rev, Me. Gartia Jonea to, 246, 247; applied to for nassistance to the sent to, 318. CGerman ltlers, 2o8; letter to, fromn Col. SotnlawtolI, ILowndes, Mr., of the treasury, 40, 41. 249; Icuerof touniossary tBlairi to, 250, 251; ditto, Lucadion, Jean, 195. 252, 253; Rev. Thes. Pell t), 253-556; Governor Lucadorn, Pierre, 195. DIrycsdale to, 256, 257; quories iosued by, to Ibe an- Ludwell, Col. Philip, referred to, 26, 27, 81, 89; at swered by Ciommisiries, 257-260; queries to be council meetings, 449, 450. answered by every minister, 261-334; reference to, Lunenberg Parish in Richmond county, 389, 413, 430. 337; petition of Eidmond Gibson, to the king, 345, 346 lretter to, frtni trv. John I.a1g, 345-347; he Macdonald, Rev. Daniel, at Blrunswick, King George memnbers of Christ Church, etc., to, 348-350; letter (5754), 45'2; dlitto (1755), 430; present at Convento, front Conmmissary Ittairt 352, 353; letter of Com. tion (t754), 414; subCriiptiot of, 426. missary Blair to 357-359; leter of Rev i. tDaw- Mackay, Rev. William, at North arnhamt, Richmond son to, 359; tItter to, from Rev. Anthony Gavin, (1754), 452; dlitto (755), 430; piresent at Conven360, 361; Rev. Charles Itudger's letter to, 365, 362; tioni (1754), 414; alolintedtt i on conunittte, 418; Coentmisnary Ilair's letter to, 362-364; ditto, 364 i subscrilption of, 426. Rev. WVl. Dawson's letter to, 365; Gov. Gooch's Mackenbtic, Rev. Mri, deceasedl, (1754), 432. letter to, announcing the deatlh of Commisisary Blair, Magna Cthart a. erided bIy Governor Nicholson, 109. 367; letter of, to Dr. Dtoddlritge, 375-374; Dr. Myllet, Estienne, 195. Doddridge's reply to, 374 377; Commissary Daw- Mallet, Lavenlle, 195. son's letter to, 377-379; ditto, 379-385; ditto, 383; hMaillet, Marie, 195 ditto, 384-386; Rev. R ir. Cr nm to, 386-388; Rev. Mact, Suzane, 195 Mr. Kay to, 385t 393 t ov Iitwitdldie to0, 393-396; Matiacan Town. Letter of inhabitants of King Wilreferred to, 397; letter t) Solicitor Thorple, 3p8, lian parish in, to Rev. Mr. Nearne, 353. 3j9; the (ti"ernor tr 399) 405; ditto, 401, 402; Man's Ordinary. A ballad adttressed to tihe Rev. memMr. ThOitrPe to, 403; letter cf, to Mmesrs. Thorpe hers of tthe Convocation heldl at, 179-182. sanil letleCy, 403, 404; Commissary IDawsotn to, Mar, Ir., executor of Hion. Robert IBoyle, 37. 405-407; ovt yeiu1It to4, 408, 49; Cotmtissary Marable, Mr. (George, Justice of James City Court, 94 Dawson to, 40-411 i; addressc of tile leegyt, 422; Marlccorough, Lady, o(rbid the Court, 9. refertred tI, 423; Co tllitary IDawson to, 431,432; Marlclberough, Lord. Disgrace of, referred to, 9. ditto, 432, 433; thie clergy of Virginia to, 434-.140, Manrriage Fccs, 299, 314. 440-446; Conitouitsary Dawson to, 44f(-448; refer. Mrriages. I.icetnces for, 131, 132, 228, 237. eoce to, 450; Cononiceary Itt0Awsoll to, 451-453 Marsden, 1Rev. Richard. Communication from Corn. ditt,, 453, 454; Governi or c iltnwiddie to, 454-458; IBlair to thle Bishop of Loudon recpecting, 352, 353. letter of, 461-463; Counuaistary Robinsoll to, 473- Marshall, Rev Mungtttg, ignorant," 408; at St. Thomas's 486; ditto, 48o-501s; Rev. Mr. t iberne to, o50- Parish, Culpepper (1754), 452; ditto (1755), 429; SoJ3; Cotoissary Robinson to, 503-505; ilitto, piresent t tConvention (1754), 414; subscription of, 504-519; ditto, 5(-524; 'litto, 524-529; Rev. 427. Mr. Itorrocks to, 53c0-532; tmemoorial of Rev. Chas. Martin IBratndon Parish, Prince ceorge. Services at, 270 Wootdmason to the Rt. Rev. RLichard, 534, 535. clergyman sent to, 288, 289; referred to, 4115 430. Lorange, I.avcenne, a French refugee, 195. hlartin, Guillaume, 594. Lords, Commissioners. IRetort of the, on the disallow- Martin, Jearl, r14 ance of tile ioption laws, etc., 458-460. Marylandt Cruicint 10pts ordered to ie kept in, 14; Lords of Trade, 86; action respecting the option law, referred to, 76, 77, 79, so6, 117, 118, 121, 122, 534, 510515. 1 249, 324, 358, 30, 368, 377, 504, 535. 575 Mason, John, Teacher, 294. Masscey, Rev, Lee. Application of, for holy orders, 524. Matton, Anthoine, a French refugee, 193. Maubotin, D)nniel, a French refugee, 194. Maury, Rev. Jnames, applied for orders, 364; at Fredricksville Parish, Louisa (1754), 412; ditto ('1755), 430; aloent from Convention (1754), 414; case of, referred to, 497, 498, 514. Mayre, Rev. James, at St. George's, Spotsylvania (1754), 411; ditto (1755), 430; present at Convention (1754), 414; aplxointed on a cotsmittee, 418; sub scription of, 427. McLaurin, Rev. Robert, " remarkable only for his igno. rance atnd f(,ly," 408; at Southanm Parish, Cumber. landt (1754), 413; ditto (1755), 429; present at Convention (1754), 414; subscription of, 427. Mercury, the Monthly, referred to, 36. hMenzies, Rev. Adart, applics for ordlers, 365; referencec ti, 377, at iromntictlt Parilh, Culpeppcr (1754), 413; ditto (1755), 429; treeent at Conveotion (1754), 414; subscription of, 427, Mchcrrin Parish, Brunswick County, 413. 429, 432. Mveeting Hotus s, Ditosenting, 395, 396. Meadows, Philip, 114. Meadt, Mr. A Schoolmaster, clandestinely sent home for orders and never returned, 358. Michaux, Abraham, 194. Middle Plantation, 24, 34, 48. Middlcoex, 355. Miles, Rev. Sainuel, 121. Ministers. Provision for mainrtenance of, 1, 2; sufficient and conforcmable ministers to be appointedt, 2, 3; none to be prefcrred by the Governor without a cer. tilfate of confoamttty from the ishtop of London, 2, 3; to be otlrnitted irnto vestries, 3; exlnosert to great verty andt con'temrTt, IS; Sir Edtlmrund Andtross condtuct concerning thIe salarics antd glcecs of, il1-15, 35, 36; tmur uring at the shortness oftheir salaries, 37, 38, Churcht of Engltand, at the Northwardt, received gifts from CGov. Nicholson, and repay him in addresses of complimentt and reconuuendatiorns to the tishops, 104; Sir Edward Northey's opintion concerning the induction of, 127, 125; "almost forty itt Va. (1707), and not above four or five inducted," 185; act of Assembly (1662) concerning the induction of, 243-245; unworthy carriage of some referred to, 332; very few scandlalous, 532. Moncure, Rev. John, at Overwharton Parish, Stafford (1754), 412; ditto (1755), 430; absent frotm Con-. vention (1754), 415. Monro, Rev. Andrew, signs address to Gov. Nicholson, 117; signs endorsement of CGov. Nicholson, 142; signs letters to Com. Blair, 143, 145, 163 Monro, Rev John, signs addrcss to CGov. Nicholson, 117; rderrecd to, 142; attestr. minutes of clerical meeti.ag, 153, 154, 176; present at Convention held Ap it 1719, 190-210; writes an alddtress totheGov. ernor, 223, 224; signs historical remarks on tie trproceedings of thIe Convention with Corn. Blair, 225; far gone in a consumption, 252. Monroe, Rev. Mr., Church door shut against, 34, 35; as gool a man as any in the country, 38. Montague, Mr., Agent of the Colony of Va., 525, 526. Moreau, Rev. Nicholas. Letter from, to the Bishop of Lichlfieldt and Coventry, April 12, 1697, 29-32. Morel, Rev. Mr., of Maryland, 365. Morice, Snamuel. The eyes of, openedt, 368. Morisser, Pierre, 193. Morogh, Jrohn. Schoolntaster, 302. Mortland, Rev. )David, dlead, 391; references to, 391, 392. Mossomr, Rev. )Davidt, signs address to Burgesses against Prestyterians in Va., 383; at St. Peter's, New Kent (1754), 411s; ditto (1755), 430; present at Convention (1754). 414; acppointed on a committee, 418; sulbscription of, 426. Muce, Marquis D)e la, 113. hMulatto childlren. A propositicon for encouraging the Christian education of Indians, Negroes, and, 344, Mulberry Island Parish, without t inittster, 258; services at, andt value of living, 275; vacant, 318. Murray, the tton. William. tMertber of trhe Convention of 1754, teideted to, 422. Mylne, Rev. Francis, present at Convention held April, 1719, 199, 2o00, altrointedt on a committee to aswer the tlishotr of Itrndon letter, 211; writes an addtress to the Governor, 223, 224. Nansia,,tnd Church, ref'rred to, 324, 330. Nansimtond. Alteration in the Court of 94; doctrines, discipline, and ministry of the Church openly impugned by a Quaker teacher in the County Court of, 332; thIe Quakers increase in, 333. Navison, Rer. John, 1 still unprovided for, and no vacancies," 4o6; at Meherrin Parish, Brunswick (1754, 413; ditto (1755), 429. 432; at Convention (1754), 414; subscription of, 427. Nearne, Rev. r..Letter to, front inhabitants of King William Parislh in Marnican Town, 353. New England. Strangers from, entertained by CGov. Nicholson, 04;referred to 352; opposition to the North Faenhatm Parish, in Richmond County, 432,430. settling of thoiopt in Amterica tby the teopleof, 373; Northington, Lcird, President of the Council, 525, pe'-colico of Chur chmen it', 373, 374; lDe. t oll- 530, ridge' tvnarotoro thfie s111me1, 376;coorite of the Northuomberolan tCounty, pt. Ic 'tslftuec of, t-tetrurtoIr, yf.30 Norton, WoMietro-ranoo of l-olinttt, 5t2 Negri and lotiati r tililiu-ti Iritciouengtic tit if the Nott, Fi-lotrl loacecratr tof Virginio, reterceid lii, 34t 1 roti 0.1 ocdl tr,14io rt(, ItIO, t J tI 11vvle cl' lita-tii of 11 f ir - flaobrr1 of( Ioollcoi tot 11t Nn1-toa-'I %tlal I, 111oo Oliar; tar oiltoril toot I e fir aftil (fa -. _ Jt a-a t Inoarr,,ac ro o, for Jll! l tlrl y% IlArl artlIorair ralolirop1IJ 1110 i tlrt friar, roi'l l bat 1 lIar ilrriaooarr 11;lair taoJ JIM9 fi~rrll, a lila, t/I' 1110t ara- A la rIa alilotl-1 rI lalril arlilltrta r ml art llarto~lar oral1 ray.O i,1 1,1,11 0 -oit o,# Jo 4roarj, rl )Nfr, 0041, Jorir na7o fti 110 ftwri Nol-a ac foar al In hI r I t a110 1 "I rarr, 41t.1. 411ri Itnd ed ýJ iI r~vt nita-i ror lair liii;, taitic- Narftaicoviy lalir a -It rairll aarr1 rooI" rh 41-1 4rf1f0, Oirrarrofaar aia ri-ioirrtirof,r11tircriaiaigorl.o,jtaarrar Nichtlaralar, RIe larfrtCartr.t aotiniviarrrlrf Cart. o b.ri tae (trsiroart rolucactirro irll Intaioans tand,.1141; tire t-elrefotr-draw6gaIifrianaccaourt oafth ro learo-aitrgt faralaoalm lair ic ar pgon Negr oer tar, 347,172 roy- raf fileX Viaiaors roa tic tort ratin of lDe. loalyloctrito, utierI to( Ollortas itn lroltaolfarf, ffr1; ellOarro of Iron. 529. faytata rar in Irolilal (rf, 36o,. Nichioloc, Roev lit I orrr too frront Gorv. tooololerr 470 -New Lights. lTre dficrroaciedand o unsettlerd srote of 472; rofertoed tra 48(lo 504. Chuorch Ii d Crrlergy iattorer arf jary stind triumphat to, Nichiloloar r ia Fra-n*rcisi. Ardvice if Ilichaapiof Lontdroo 454; tire jury ie ailoe caor of tlr tRev. Mr. Maour too the to. Clergy respfectiog, 145;- at hol hooce of C0aciro-ald o~f, 497, Mr. John Yourng, 354; Clergy reorting tro the loalgNew Koot Coocry. Lteoer feooo (Gce. Nicholsorn to the ioig of, t5t; oinvite Cleogy to ottocnd etretiog, 3 52; shoerif of, March 3, 3 34-1700, 66; juctices of, oconduct of, reospoctiog life lIfoir, 152, 153; rdefoence gtaer a licence to Mat. Daovies, 366; rofeeredl to, oif, 154t62r t65, 166, 167, 165, t6q, t70r 1l1r 370, 4(07. 173, 174, 175, 376; hallood addressedl to the CameoNelsono, Trhrow, E.c.q, ot Croucoil tmeetiogs, 449, 450, cuationa held o de fendro, 379-So2;ltotter of, toa -, 495. 513. St1 t efeoreoce tar, i0 Bihllcaaoaf Londorirs lotter, 90; Nelcoc, Willtiam, Fog,., or I'0o11i6 Maeetingc, 449, 450, tifoerncec to, 017, 007, 079, 320, 32t1 tearter to, 49)5, 5133; exatract of a letter frromr Presidlent, tar feorilf flIIair,,18; lettr trorntilfa e taoairre 8,9; loft Loard I illolorirorargl, 532, 533; ditrto, 533 _534 0 gooao exoampr~le to Sirt lotmrundo Ant. air tothemt Neocolliioer. IaocuroimiooftaIndianscuolaritlalheadof,tS87. trorof trooiclog rta courntry waita moinicters, 10-15; Newporot Porisho, i tote of Wighat Couonty. Anoswers to subscriptons trro Ir rho College madtre ro tiea im lliraceio roolaucliog the safar of, 074,0275; referred oaf, upidi ia 2 19; ot-reatmenc-to4fcwlentino-ttenrdfooce Ira, 412, 430- ooORa Cr~ollege trooreeca r3-29;rofereonce cr,0i letNew York, Province or0 Suppliesr ordered for the, 14 toer ferert Rev. Nichoaslr Moreao, 09 30, 31 k in oetahtaitousandlltoansoalfrfaeiquit rents' ttorreysect woishrthattlaerohtladrmt beno-It cagreat guniita tirtoa,3; io-teocliaorc adoor, 0o1 ctompliedtwith, 70, ginia 90 refoerece to, 43f revenue monoey leftin 73 spaeech 4f (ovt Nicholsorln thereup~on, 99 frock, 65; abter tor tare Irita Sheriff of Now strangeors feroo, octortoineoo by thle (Governor, 104; RecrCcoory March 3 ay 169,100, 6; lottorto, feomt rerfreerl to, 304, 385 lie0 lBlair, Aoigoot 9, 1700, 67-69;letter to, from Nortrk Caoolico. Coon"rooaiooo i0, 187-190, some preoo ukokrawn, 69--75;Cr00n 1I mmo Noefibk Criocy. leririrar, oat Freoch refogees dersiring. ril agoinst, 75-icc rarcario:ýetotro of tbe Counoctl of too aerae in, 113-115; jiiricesr oa, referredl toir 4590 Virginato lttie flora-n agarrnct, ho,1 St lIt-tierofCol. Norfolk Porich, eofeere~,0t,123; cOOlt, 318- Quarryto tkeibhoy oflIonoolctrcespactig ho 87; Northlamptr on Itrg,3750 affodacrt rot Revo Srltrphe laoace relatinrg too thle Norabeyrs, Sir Edward.l Opainiaononcrnino lg inrduction ntol-Adim sroaarr r oorf, 87-93;affidaviat of Roev, of ministerc 10 Va., 127, soS, oo6, 207, 027, 039, Commisaccry tllairreelating to Ir. cacao, 93-112O let040, 046, 320, 321. ter oif, to the Clerrgy of Virginio, Apreil 30, 1700, (Jet O(b Oll Opt Ord Ori Os Ov Ox 577 315, 116; reply of the Clergy to, it6, 117; letter to Parsonage House, to be built by every congregation that the Archlbishop of Canterbury, May 27, 1700, 117- hath an able minister, 1, 2. 21; letter of, to the same, July 23, 1700, 121-123; toateur, Rev. James. Icturer at Norfolk (1754), 4131 Instructions to be olmervedr in treating with Indint0, present at Convention (1754), 414 at t4ath tooriah, I 3, 1241 letter of Co.n. lIlair to the Atchblohop Iiowidie ( 175), 439, 432. Of ('1itrthloury re IJ4ting, I24, J15 ordV% Iloilio latroioge, 0Igh 14, ti'cAhlito bly IiOvo0r1 S1tawiood, of Sir -dwoal Notll, Iivty honiiri; lhioioiie o illbe IOi 25 i rsciio-oi Ill, J)7 -2I, JI4 242; Act of nollici l uolnkl VchlV llly olo l, 1 ill i iti ic It ill, Ill I itil y; (im n klwl f A" l ot0 V1111111, (1004(1, mo fj 0111 ' m +thild ll Ill I/ I i I jU i k eillivi '1111llb il l I tilft 1101, I'll I 4 '-i I 1 A 11 b i I ili ik - ov 114l i-i il! lit,, I 11kit Iqllit-fIflin th 1 ho. 11,11 u h a n M. Ij 1i 114 101 I'll (1.41 0 loo i n irt' elf1 to-4 `, 114, 1111, 4kill. hi of Allegacvoe aml iill iilo[oiy to bW Ib.ke by 1vem Plocy-oVlAnLt 118, 3.64. ttyomen, 244 1 tabot by Peoslyteelit 37o1tot, 17 1nn, Willibn,, brag of fie strenrgth of the QUaher In. Iton, Dr,, Ili.ho) of lildol, 5046. toost in Englandi, 122. ivier, oieri, a Freoch refngec, 194. Perault, Cliharle, 193. ion Law. Adlirec of tile Va. Clergy to the liishop Perry, Mr. Micajah (alderman), 72, 74, 119, 350, 362. Of Loondeon ro-jicoting the passcage of thle, 434.440o; Petiition of Edmtonl, tlji,,Iop of Lotond, to the King, sccotnd alddless, 440-446; letter of the (ommiissary 345, 346. concerning. 446-448; referred to, 451; report of Petsworteh Parihl in Gloucestcer county, referred tot 34; 1Ardl C(onuniisioo-ners UP)n, 458-4o 60; letter of' ish. anllSwer to queric-s resCecting the state of, 286-218; 01op Of Londou hiereon, 461-463. referctincs to, 412, 429). ination. tImoimsitiion practiedi upoun tile Iishop of I'tiladelllehia. Synodl of, May, 1741, referred to, 381, London in thie matter of, referred to, 501-502. 382. el College, Oxfordt, 504. Philagalthus. Anonymous letter respecting the Rev. wald, James, 460o. Iartholoimey Yates, signed, 355, 356. erworton Parilih, Stafford County. Answer to queries Phips, Sir Constantine. Case of refcerred to, 223. resopecting tile state of (1724), 311-313; referred to, Pirates.. Iltprisoiiment itand trial of, 77; charges of, 96; 412, 430. gentle-ien commivtted to gaol among, 0o3. ford anod Cnambridge. Clergymen from, more accept- Poinjoexter, Jaco, miarried his dleceased wife's sister, ah!e than those bred IPresbyterians at the North, 365. Page, Mattliew, signos representation of Virginia Council ag.iinst iGoveinor Nicholsoni, 81. Palace, the;Governor's, at Willixasiurg, 476, 477-491. Palatines ill North Carolina. Maossacre of the, 187-190. Pamphlets, prinited in irgibioa, against the clergy, 465, 484, 511. Icatptico Kiver. Incursion of Indians upon the head of, 187. ncaminkey Neck, 20, 97. Panctie, Jeani, 194. Papists, a 22. Parcnitncau, Isaac, 194. Paris, Abrat, teacher, 294. Paris, Mr. Feirinando, solicitor, 403, 404, 459, 525. Pl6ris schools cnloittldedi, 417. Park, IMr. Daiiel, 23-29, 45, 48. Parliament, act of, for preventing frauds in the plantation trade, 58-63, 3147. Pollexoolt, J0bhni, I4. Popery, referredl to, 341. lPortlock, Rev. Edward, signs endorsement of Governor Nichoicon, 42; signs letters to Commissary Blair, 143, t44, 163; ospeaks in behalf of clergy respecting said leItters, 150; presents a further tptper, 151 ballet,rosoc oi, t 0, 181. Potomac, 16g. Ioavey, Mr. John. (One of the " interlocutojies at a Conference at Lambteth (3697), 36-65; attests copy of representattion of Council of Virginia against Governoor Nicholson, 81; standing agent for Virgi;m., 95. Powlder Iiouse at Jainmestown, 14, 65. Powell, Jeo-,, 194. townal, Rev. Ilenjamnin, present at Convention held April, 1719, 99; douboltful of the Comnmissary's tEpiscopal O)rdination, 2io; aplointed on comnmittee to prepare answer to IBishop of londlon's letter, 211; departure of, 249. 578 Pow, Rev. Willian, chaplain of the o Triton," 437, with a sufficient number of much better clergymen, Prayer Itocks. Allowances for Bibiles and forthe Freech 334-344. refugee", 14. Protestant Succession, referred to in address of the clergy Preachers ra ther than pastors in Isany places, 333. to the king (1754), 419. Prlipyterinns. 'Taking advaentage of the want of minls- Purtlic, Rev. George. k Ignorant and immoral," 408; te, 318i; letter of Rev. Sauouel )avits to Dr. at St. Andrewo parih, IBrunswick (17sy4), 431 1Doddtcllige respecting tie rise of the, in Virginia, ditto (1755), 4291 present at Convrentiot (s754), 36837 ' tie I ib f lo011on to Dtr.Jthodiidgei 414; solecltiptictin of, 4271 Inlformatloll lodgedl rcl3r1tiig, 137-4; I)re. IDoidrlig' letter to the ogainet, by hi vestry, 453, 454. isiih,9i4,.371 77; 1 Cotisinaty Duwbn'os letter to (he %te, tr, usS', ot, ir tt ic381u ert. Quakers. Convetrts fruomt, jit,; Governor Nicholiton's 141, 181,S. t'uitnottrky taI nsuu litter to eereince to, So; ritited to, Ilt, a. 2, 1 $9, OW tbh"Iu III uI.0t'0o0h, iin.t38., dilt', 3914-- 324 1 nviisiily hwt asitg lIt Nonsiinol, j I It..is1, tvitiioi Ir oinwltmies ackuiit af tle rise tof cotlIeltolii, 301; i tieitt liulMlu, oKI; Isfirretl tic, 1ji, It'' tntlilekts of, touAit A legal siettle to..17; hut few, Its. ti1 it. 4** Q hkvi ittitchsr, iodti mie, ilik litillti t tid ttltilstry of l'rese ttiti del'e ti the rill of, lot to; lilcit ref Ithe Itit11th tc ly ilutiuttei In the outitiy Court Rtottitt Riyiio, tl., ti;pecting lhe vestriee' of Nalinsitond ot y A lip, rij'lht of, 197, 198; in the power if the parkli, 2j5, Quarry, Col. Rcliit,7.1; letter to the lltisolitip of Itilidon, 2216, 227; wlhkrncies if opuiiiiona anicut, 2J2; the Oct. 15, 170, 8-2 87'; employed to write lit Gtv. cair 4 St Annt sle'e, iicivolving the quustion Nichiiunit's behalf, tot, tii; urges that the i tiuotas if, 2134-242; act u iof asenly ((162) rcepecting,re. of ent10 and tctuiey lie ruiseul by act of t'arlia. ferred to, 243 241; niiu::getions rs.pecting, 336- ment wiithiit ctesent of the provincial assembelies 33j; letter of Comminiaery ISlair respectiiing, jIS- 107; negotii iion,s byi, o108, 111. 322; to lie adljiurnoed, 352; right of, claimned iby Queen Anne. Succession of, 126; commemoratuion of the vestrieis 378 394, 395. 397. in Virginia, 131. Prestotn, Rev. Williao, Profeisor of Morals, William Queen Mary, 5; ordter of, bestowing quit rents of Vir. and Mary College (1754). 412, 431; present at ginia on the clergy, 13; Virginia ministers obliged ('Cinvention (1754), 414; read prayers at opening of to pray for, after rnews of hier death had been re. Cotnvention and uaptitited clrik, 415; aliptinted ceivel, 36; ii'fcrtences to, S.,. trustee. 414; appointeit on cioininittee, 425; su,- Queen's College, Oxfbrd, 524. scriptioll of, etc., 427; thanks of trustees presentedl Quit Rents ibestowel upion tilhe clergy, 13, 14, 32 exn to, 428; at Julles City (1755), 429; signs address pended in otlher ways, 32-34, 64, 65, 11; applica. to the lishop of Lonidon respecting the option law, tion for, in cbehalf of a Divinity dlepartment for the 440. Price, Mr. John. Vestryman of Christ Church iparish, 350. Priests in lMarylandt, 118. Prince, Rev. John, alient from Convention, April, 1719, 200. Princess Anne county. Justices of, 459. Probates of Wills. The Governor entrusted with the power of giving, 131; aliuse of said power, 132; references to, 228, 237. Proctor, Rev. William, at Nottoway parisuh, Amnelia (1754). 413; urrtti at 701o,,onteeu (1754), 414; siiuscii tiio iof, 427. Proposition, a, for encouraging the Christian education of Indians, negroes and mulatto children, 344. Proposition, a, for supplying the country of Virginia college, 319, 320. Rainsfordt, Rev. (;iles, absent from Convention held April, 1719, 0oo; ipresented for induction in St. Annre's, Essox, 204; referred to, 234; controversy of, with Rev. John Baogg, 314. Raleigh Parish, in Aroelia County, divided, 365; referred to, 413, 429. Ramsey, Rev. John, at St. Anne's, Albemarle (1754), 413; ditto (1754), 429; labsent fromn Convention (1754), 415. Randtlph, Captaitn, Attorney General, 36, 51s 57. Ranolttlph, Iteward, of New England, 3. Randolpid, Peyton, Attorney General. Opinion of, 366; at Council Meetings, 449, 450i further references to, 471, 472, 495. Ransom, George, schoolmaster, 309. Rapinne, Anthuine, 194, Rs~ppAlancnok River. Gerreennfsmiies nettledl near, 247, 248, Raynmond, Sir Robert. Opinion ccl, 246. Register. Clergy rccjoirrcc to keepc soi reat, 417, 418. Reid, kvey. John, At Newpocrt Parlish, Ilei of Wight (17,54). 4121 hito (1755), 430; prreroln at Conveit. 110cic 0754), 414' sticecnriptil of1, 4217. Religiocn, NOc levaioe lco ia atlerm (if, to Iice suffered, i Remcy, Aicrchoon, 194. Rcpcdcilei can lll andi, pci tcrplec'iccntp'croi lit Vilrginica cci lice ent- Of110C4 lilt I ccccIcctct CAd icY Ic te rlgitCcr'clc~ eric icccy, cric, tccy Iteennich, Prccc tit, 09 iteycclccil I'.c c`01c1c, 194. RVycc14iN. Nir, ccI c ccrcr 75, Richatlccccncc Rev. Dr. Williamcc, Miuetr ccr Fetccoccccn Ctllrne 387ccclrcle ~, 392. Richccccccc cocccy, It1o Ronetet Rvcc jcclccca ccc otcccccler ccl, 363.1 Rocieri cccc Mr, Wcllciacc, ('Ilerk ccf thr Ccccccccii, 92, 1 j8 irsnsleccccc from thccvercccr tcc lice C~lergy, 20., 219; icerncccceatoer frccc tce Govenco'tcr tc Ice Cicco ecn..cey, 221; nacal ccficecr cat Williocccalcurg, 348. Robtertscon, Rev. Eleoazer,1 decreaed cc ( 173)32. Rolcertsoc, Rev. Gceccge, referrect to, 142; attecta ecin. acne of Clerical ncrctcng, 153, 154 176;presnect at Ccccvencticcc held A ccl, 1719 1c99; ccccilicc otnt cocmitcciee tcc preparec addresslton Gc covencccc, 2cc8; refernncce to, 210; cancwersocf, to cicerie aresncrticcg his aricsie, eta., 2(6208;leadai 36c2, Rohrrtcccc, R1ev. Jacmesicesenct at (.Cccventcion held Atcril, 1719, 199, 210. Rohetacccc, one. Johcc, scigns oclcleecato 10cce naragainst tn icytoniacce in %'ce, 383; efoerrcd to, 406, St. Jcchc's Patish, Kiccg Wcllciacm (1754), 413; dicco (17551, 430; presnaect at (ccclcvntOcccc (1754). 414; appoincctecd oe a ccmmtntcite, 418; aai~crilcine of, 427; sinisse~occcdacdncrless cc- the Blinscci nf London on che cassage of lice n1tcicce tow, 446. Rotcinson, tDr., Bishcccp of Londonc, 262, 2,41, 504. Rohicnsccc, Me. Clcrincouclnr, onccrycccoe of Chcriat Church toalis, 350. Roliccacc, Mr. Jcchct, veiceyccccc of Clteit Chccrlch taeint, 11cc,.1co, Rcctciccacc, Mci. Jcchcn, jr. (Spceaker), 479; ccOcieiccn of tite iwnPnncy Aol, 508. Robitnsnt, Hey. Georoge, ccf tteccriacc, (9he witchneld from, 35; sigccs address to Govertnor, 117. 79 Rohieson, Rev, Thomae, Master of the Grammar School, William sed Mary College (17.54), 412; trenet At Ccccventioe ( 1754), 414;! Apoitcdciccrl ac occcttmictre, 438, 425;- scclceriptin 'ifcc, 427; nlige, aclirene to Ice Iliicoic of 1.0tc(10c1t rceVeocittg thce aiccicce ion, 440; dep~rivecl ccftcinaicrcutenlipccfthe CrcctcceaSchtolccl,5 i&Reocicnoc, 1Rev. Wcilliamt, Iccittelarny ait Sractcccc Majo~r carinic-s, Klicgeclt A cnd c ('tT,1754), 412; -,liccic 1755), 4.10;- t~c"Nenc ac 0ccacccc (7541, 406; cc~lclccctecl Onc A Vcccccccciccn-, 419i, 4.11; olc1cccccccecl crccncne, 4,14; lice cc1cliccc law, 4.11,c cccccc Ic1iccec ccl Icy lice I ccr. Coccccr, 401c lvoccor ccf, ccc 1114 11ccic1c)ccf -. -, 4cC.470c; ccccceccl,l Rev, '111icccccc,411 i% '41celk a41ccy, 4701CcccccHilc11c1 cl'f, Ict Glcc, K, tuccc,1ccicrn ccctei liien. lit. Nic lccci.47cc 3172 4ic col, iccIc 'llic f ccl0t1cccc11cc, 4731 -04c; ccch- Of, tic fle lihlrccl (if 1,c1cc1 1ccc, 449c Sut - cditto, 5ccJ 5oc5; clcdcc, 5cc6. 597; cliiltcc 31c9 '524; dictcc, 524~ 5,9. Rulicicceccc, 11cr, Willccccc ) lraiclyicciccc), refcccocltcc111 In lRen. S,ccccoel Iccieet, leccer tO icr. l)dicclclcci, 3168. Rccchcster, Jccoscpc, lisclccc Or, jc62, Ruec, Claicciin, 8. Rccse, Ren, 1, carla, at Cccple Pacrishc, Westmorlandcc (1754), 412; dlicco '17551.,430; aboetnt from Con. 1eiin(1754), 415; aaiscvceiccictc of, 427. Rowncr, Ron. Jclccc, wichccut a tpalis ( 1754), 413; Preen ocac at Cconccctiocc (1754), 414. Rucdd, R1ev. W~illiamc, sigicc addlcress Wc Gocc. Nicholscce, 117; letcen of Ccccct, Illicir itc, 141; sigcns en rccccre metco f ccGcov. Nichlcc onct, 142; signa latcers to Coin. tlair, 143, 144, 163. Russell, Geornge, cc. Russe P anrish, icc Bedolrd Ccounty, vuacant (11755), 429, 433. Ruossell, 'Thacoco, 390 Rycder, Sir Dudley. Olpioion of, produced Icy Rerv.hMe. tcaoicci, 407. Sacrcaccecc, to 1cr acdmintistored, 2. Saicct Mary's County, Marylaccd, 365. Sularirn, eciccinteec, 11, 12, 35, 36, 49; affected hy the tcPa-c.aeOof the adictioct law, 434-446. Salini cccny, ci'lcic ccl, 3, 5; kcids D~r. tBlair in alecarieg lice ticyle legc~avy. 8. SailS, Alahiccccu, ")3.I Sanclcorc, Mr., hlo in cLondccncc, etndonecd a schcool In Ac. cccohcckt tAnini, 302. Sounccers, lRev. Jccr.aticoe, aigcca address of Clergy to Gav. Nicholsotn, 117. 580 Salate,, Rev, ]antes, signs address to the Governor, 11j7; signs endorsrtarnt of Grin, Nitholaanj 141; signs letter to Coat. Blair, 143-163; prrsenrt at Conventurn in Apo-il, 1719, 199; nor; orluri judgment rea; cling the Coitrminirury's Etrinroplol ordination, ala; eli-itt at CuAll ofl til Itouri, 2111; uttitun in artiltrnr tot Ith ovtininrt, ji.t, 224 1 dload," 25j S~oovt leiPrgry. tlo~poiijo only of, 04, 1 tro. Script, Rav. Alerxttiklur-, iron-na t Cotniprotrit~liohelrd Aptll, t7li9, tin'; dlulittul of litev"" tittititnary's tiplrcrr'iil iirilitnuiii t, jttt atinolrte oIf, tointl'is irnpo-ciitrg rrtti le I hill piatiril, -to,, p it-;t; I tu tl;'r-r t'rit~c- N"111 (a3754), 42', Ilritit (17W5, 4.11 pi rt, frI t Ott 'tliar116,1nu (1754)ti,-1; 1%iroinikIr Oil',,irittiitt,-,-', 4tIh- '1ut1 itlt;il 'tif,f 4,17, Sicotilpit Iill, ( jr tuu ol i-44 fil] 111t ltsri -p pratt if, II Sit, I1ip1t 111u 1 i tlvjIpI limin lg t11il,,;vto I ltit,ti1atull Ill11T wiult', 37. srurttoiall, l t,,it. kv alion latrr- titular IrtioferrI-u himsl a ttcirrii lISr lteruf Seirgimpo Itv Rongv P Ii.-c a-pit al ruttnrittiopt hlri Apitil, tytij1)( liorI oilA 11o ilitttopea ll t14Ns() ciuiltoo tois; l111ii11tlof tile Itonfoiutilt%r;4ty" lui4NI.iiu oltliriulitttiuur,JI0 aifloilriticdtllu riututiouittane ctnIt tottitiuutr-il 11511r, As Snluo tritn, Rat I. Buenjamin. c\;ulicitioirurrf, lotr hoily or-. Cvrs, 524, Sooitar' utivyr utcr orrilnil into tir tollr-ge, 134. Sugar, Mr. Oilioer, aeairytttutt of Chrint Church Pariah, 350. Srlrtrr, tRer. Mrilns, at ttrorituo P~aristh (31754),413; ditto ( 1755), 427; abrent front Conoortion (31754), 435; OoluioCrilutioti Of, 429. Servautur it Virginuia cooridorocl by Got. Nicoltston a kiunlnpiadi aini as hariog a goroduaction agains theirui eintsturs, 107, to8. Sharp, Arohbtishop, 4. Sharp, Rev. Thuiomar,ognaa ddressnt atbeGoveranor, 117; signr rndorremrnt of Got. Ninholron, 142; signr ltrter to Colt,. Blair, 143, 145, 163j; presnet at Convention held April, 1719, 199, 210. Stheriffs. Atrasts forequrntly pot upon the Clergy by, referredi to, 335; auggrationas for the prereatiun of shoses by, 340. Sheriock, Mr., h2. Sherlock, Thorata, Blirhop of tLondou, 474, 478, 490, 491, 503, 504, 517. Sherwood, Mr., 3. Short, Mr, deupay fromn SL. Ann's Parish, in Eaura, 203, 04 - Shrewshury. 'Ther Date of, 6z. Shropshtire, the tRev. St. John, turned oat of tin purist by rover leuiding enen of the rterery without cause, 88, 8t); a-igro addtress of the Clergy to Goirt Nicholtan, 117; rufurrener to, 142; oltterla minutea of tler, ICAl ttt-titrg, 1S93, 19$4, 176;- refurenoce lto, 179. Stttrjrrirr, tierV juartuti,. itli-riti lrorr Convenottionp (1754), 4 15J, 't~Irilut g tirirr, t(cilcl"rtrtu '75) 4.tO. SilltI ttuiinn, () Silt itri tin nr, tatk orr f, how rr-tverl, tjij 3,34. Skiupifo, Rc,-, Jiilit, Inhtl tit.itivintutliii tirldt, Aptril, 1711)r100, uroli rit(lI ol oliuuilulillvr1 rltliareutilt. rIII I tioi~uivil,lioru 4iti dulitt, ofr utirml' ('1t; lit14 111-ttoI ~ tv i ujd N,11. f Ilii li '14i"p., 2751 12771, itll. i-ut t, tillSly, tiulutiu iii, r-alilluliv itttl-cr ugairir P urn. Nlclrio,tvit Stmtll, R,-v, iJiir, att St, Attn,, 12vrt r ( 175-0,t41i;t3 1 13755) 1, tat; litr-riti itt tirt1ioitiiitr ('73*4), 414; Sioritli, liii. atilni thilioountl tiiorr livirli, 74umitulh (17.5.0., 412; ' litlui (1755), 430r; ulnotoIt flut"e POrt aniutiuol (1754), p15. Srtnitli, toov, Gry. nigriu adresslo-r Gov P,r Nictiilsorip, 1171; sigornouiilorwnn't-t if Gut. Nichlsonr~t, 141; aigon letterto CorI.n. l1luir, 1,3, 145, t6.1 1 littoilt (',Cinvet o~tihl Ap~ril, 17t9, 199, 2to; alurrirt at Cull if Itol Itnor1s, 211t; Unrites it adldrusr tvotlerGov. vruor, 223, 224; deadr of, reforred to, 357. Smithr, Mr, Joitn, aestryman of Christ Chiotoh Pariah, 350 Sniiih, tier. Mr., a notion, grod etan," e1laomu,"r 363; 41diod lartey,' 249. Smith, let. Thtomtas, referreil 10, 406; at St. Steprhen'& Purisb, Noirtlhunmberland (1754), 413; ditto (3755), 430; prtstnt at Conrvention (1754), 414. Smyrtr, Col. Nichrolas. A great fanorur of Wooltutoa'a opinio00s, 359. Snuak' Riooit. A rutiloritit and counter poironl, 30. Sobler, Abirahamr, le;eunr, 193. Solder, Abrolaian, Inarri, 193. Sotrlor, J acques, 19.3. Sotilor, Looms, 193. Sohriohe, Jearone, 195 Sobrrirhe, Piorre, t95. Sobrirhe, Suzanne, 19~5. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 214. 58r Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 214 o application to, for aid of German set. tiers, 248. Solaigre, Jean, 194. SouillU, Luvenne, 195. Souill, Nicollait, 194..outh ('arolinal. Clergy not yet arrived, 1841 inhabitantia or I *mi-eilieo laWiand locking to, j855; referd to,) 352, 534, Soulitint Pa'risth, in ('Cumberlandt County, 413, 429. South arnhamno Pariah, Iin Eaex County. Answrr to i'eries tcirectin, g thile te of, 28 28IhI referrei tio, 413, 1110. Soutli II implton, iano ofwar, the gItourd tip a it Virginia, 14.thoiii'ii I'miillt, in Morry County,. Antiwwe ta ilra ito, 411, 4,10, 411. Sloan, Rev, John, aictnt from Convertiiuon held April, 171tt, 2tm. Spaeii li h ('lotiatilont. " I.ltinig volunteeiIIC A for omnut caxpe dition into"l gome of tile, 6.1364, Siatrow. Anthony, lihop of Norwich, Ilhook of Coan out, Artotict, l t,, E&clloilitki, referred tot 331. Spcnotlt, " a manI of tin estatc,'' sp. Spencer, lev. Archibald. ( Dr, Slpencer now in Mary. 1iil," 377. Sixciylvaniit, Parikh of, newly crected, 2581 vacant, 318. Spot'tItwootI, Coi. Alexancer, Liulctnint (Govcrnor of V irginia. A true friend of the (C'lergy, 534; letter froii, (Oct. II, 1711, respecting massacre comemittedl y tlhe Indlians in North Carolina, etc., 187-190; extract fromt letter of, to tie ltishop of Ilondon, Mpy 8, 1712, I91; 4otter to tie Ifislhop of tLontion concernintg ehlorts of, for tite itstruction of Inliant citillren,, 196, 197; referncice to, in the Bishop of Londlon's letter to thie Va. Clergy, too; letter froin, to tile Clergy together with one to the vestry of St. Annts, Essex, 201-208; address of Clergy to, 208, 2M, 220; Itmssage of, to Clergy, 2 1: letter of, to Com. Blair, 221, 222; ltaddress ito, from cigilt of the Clergy, 223, 224, reference to, 225; Cotmi,,sary tlairus answer to the letter if, to tIle Convention,, 126-235; Mr. Commi sanryn remarks on thie letter of, to tile parih of St. Antin's reltinig to collitions, 254-242; letter of, LIto liishop Of Londoni, iDec, 1721, 249; reference to, 274, 2S, 353, 3;5, 32o, 321; remarks of, 325; rcrferred to, 332. Squire, RIev. Riclhard, signs endorseenti t of GIov. Nichlsotn, 142; signs letter to Coin. Blair, 143, 145, 163. 74 St. Andrew's Parish, in tBrunswick County, 453, 429, 453. St. Ann's Parish, in Eaiex County. Letter of Gov. Slot.nood to the vestry of, 201, 203-208; referred to, 225; renmarks upoti the G;overnor's letter, 234 -242 i atiwer to qucrie respectingthe atte of (174), 3531-318; reference to, 453, 329. St. Anne'ti Partotlt, lit Albliarle l(ounty, 453, 421 St. Aniph. 'the lituhop oi, 41; enetiied to preach at tle cha1un'l, Easitr ioay (16t I), tj. aynatdti, Iev, Wi'llito1, hign ti lo"'tscrrltl to letter of Clergy t1 C0ii,.111cir, 144, 16.1, St. lierna1rd, Quotallon. fi,-In, '1, '13 StI. itvoil'm tatiloi, In Kin g W1illit1t1 ('Co"tty, 41J, 410 Stentiiy, tGege, 514, St, Ctitirge's tiuSh, in Spiotylva11l11 (Ctily, 415I 4,10, S116,Ilvn ile, Oar., likhoo lot W oecfed1er, 11ro4ivris Or, I111110 lhil lly, 51 111m,1111 Ilthe bu4tilel ic,4 t he Ow 1collego to file (41tien, 6. Still,, Iev, WilliAmil, acciteut biy;Gov,, Diwlitwile a, a fo. Mentor Of comla11int Against fill" 40J, Prolen(lt of W11311 ant MNIAry ('ctllgle (17 54), 411; pr-lt tit tccntulionl 05704)@ 414, 421; -i1u11-1r10 on a Cano1111tvc of 01011 Conivrolim), 48i; Nut"(61011onlor, 426; lie-d Sel. 19, 1755, 441. 417; I;titity of Vir 91inia rcfelrred to, 495 -Stint Law, to lessutin the aimounit of tobAlcco raled, 442. St. Joitiet's Partih, Northam, iitGoochlutt County,4t3, 4 29, St. jIohlin's Parish, iii King William County, without a minister, 258; refercnce to, 281. St. Margarct' Parish, in Caroline county, 411, 429. St. Marka IPaish, in (trange county, 412, 430. St. Martin's Parish, in Halnover cot"ii y, 452, 429. St. Mary' Pa1rish, in Ctaroline counIty, 43,429. St. Mary s IParish, in Esscx Countly. Anwwers to queries respecting tile tte of (I1724), 310, 311. St. Mary's White Chapel Parish, in Lancaster county, how served, 284; references to, 412, 430. St. Paul's Parish, in HIanover county. Answera to queries res'uecting, 262-264; referred to, 412, 429. St. Pauls Paritsh, in Stafiford cuitty, 413, 430. St. IPeter's Parishl, in Greot 'ChItilank county, referred to, 34; application of minister of, for a lilbrary, sio, 5g9 St. Peter's Parish, in New Kent county. Antwers to qcuries, reet(ectinig, 268-270. Jooticel of the county licence a nmecting houtse for Mr. Itavics in, 366; referred to, 407, 411, 430. StrattoniMtajor tarishl. Answers to queries respecting thie state of, 275-277; reference to, 320; referred to0, 412, 430, 504. 582 St. Stephen's Parish, in King and Queen county. An. swer% to queries respecting the utate of (1724), 302, 303 t referred to, 431, 430. Ft. Stephent' Parikh, in Nortthumberland county. ]low sarverr, 292 t rcferrt toI, 4041 4133 430. St. ThiortAln 'n Poikth, iot CUtpr11pwr courtty, 433, 429. Stuart, Rev, William, at St. P'aul'rs paoritsh, Stafford (1754), 413; ditto (755). 430I; present Ot ConVCtntiro (r 7.5), 414; appointredl on contmittee,418 notocriotion (of, 427. Sufikllk tarirto, it' N ootoro1t114 cooutrtY, 413, 430, 432. Sotuloliot, M. ttooict, olrok hoof coort,94. Surctirs. Patrctr tullfried toi be, for their children bty order of the G;ovronor, 493. Susorx cocity, in Ptosylovanio. Removal of Rev. Wmr, lho, Ok from, to NtMyoaood, StM reoerence to, oo. Swanu, Major lToc,,i, hclooon hutgeor, 94; surveyor, 96. Swift, Rev. Mr. IDeath of, referred to. 357. Swiso Fandtlics, Germatn uatd, 247, 248. Swiu. oMalacrr e of, ijo North Carolioa, 187. Taylor, John, En1,, at Council metotings, 449, 456, 495. Taylor Mr., Secrtary of the Ven. Society. Letter to, 90o, 191. Taylor, Rev. aniicl, inducted, 315; signs endorsement of Governor Nicholson, t41 '; sigor letters to Cornm nmioary lilair, 143, 144, 163; rxcused from attend. once con Covetion, April, 1719, 200. Taylor, Rev. Mr., lately arrived (t727), 352. Tarquin. Pattrick tteotryu rpecth comoparing the king to, a, referred to, 514. Talitogh, (tol., 9. Tliotc of I'cr, tcotlel tr y 1 omolrroatltuoaoon, 378. Ternnant, oev. Jautes, altenot frooll Conventtioon trSld April, 1719, 200. Tennison, Archlbishop. o.tter of Commissary Blair to, 183. 184. Testimonials, Clergy chargedl not to sign without good reasoollo, 438. Thacker, Mr. Edlwin, vestrynoan of Christ Church Par. irto, 350. Thacker, Rev. Chichiry, at Blissland, New Kent (1754),,il; ditto (t155). 430; present at Converntion (1754), 414; appointed on committee, 418 appointed trustee, 424; subscription of, 426; reiolution respecting, 428; signs address to the Bishop of London respecting the option law, 44o. Thermoscope, a. Allusion to, 67. Thirty-nine Articles, referred to, 341, 342; subscription to certain of the, offered by the Presbyterlian minalster ai a tert of orthodorxy, 37. Thomot, Rev; Samurt, not yet arrived, 184. thouront, Rev. Atodrew, present at Convention held April, 1719, 199, 239. Thompson, Rev. Jolhn, rupplies pariah of the Rev. J. IRolbert, 363; at St. Mork's parih, Orange (3754), 412; liitt, (3755), 430; jroorott at Convention (1754), 414; 'olqlointed on coooorilttc, 418, saub scri'lton of, 427. Thompso, William, Esq. Opiniotn of, concernting the kiol)g right of collatioog to vacanot tenclies, 245. Thtortioooo, Pcslcy, 'sr. (of thre rouoncil), 465. lThorpr, Mr, Johnt, Solicitoor Letter l the itliSop of Ioli0loon too, t9.099 t';oworr to tho soaort, 403; letter o fte Itihol to, 40to, 4041 tlhank of Con. vection of 1754 teootcrtd to, 422. hoao, Mr, Recommendeolets at agent for Virgiina, 95. Titlotsooo, Archtbito,1o), 4; ciotoustedc with all Ecclesiastl. cal afflirst, 4. Tillyardl, tRev. Arthur, signs endornsement of (Gover'nor Niciloooloo, 142; signs letter to Cotmmissary IBlair, 14.1, 144, 164 Tindalrs Poirnt, on Vork river, 14. 'title, to ILivints', 35. Tod, Rev. Jolor (Prlto yterian), assistant to Rev. Samuel oavioo, 384; liceose, 396; refrred to, 4o7. Tooleration Act. tucstions or to thIe ntcaning andl con. structiooll Of, f70-377; oCeferrnce to, 380, 407. Totterayo (Itodians), 323. Tower 11ill, 522. 'ITowelr stret, Lodon, 397. Onto, Rv. Jciobl, withoot a cure (1754), 433. 'I'Trvalri Awnhoiine, 194. toritity College, Cambooloilo, 387, 392. Iclrinity Parish'l, compreheooclding Clhrirt Church andt St. Mary's White Chapel Parishes, 284. Tritonl, ship of War. Chaplatin of, returnted to Englaood, 432. Truro Parishl, in Vairfax county, divided, 365; referred to, 412, 429. Trustes ofo the College, 20, 21; vide College, and Wil. nocl Mary College. Tuscuraro Ilndians. Massacre committed by, in North Carolina, 187-19o. Two P'enny Act; vide, option law. Upper Parish of the Isle of Wight. Answers to queries respecting the state of, 295, 296 references to, 324. Usharecs (Inldians), 123 583 Vaudots, the, 154. Vernon, Mr., Secretary, 113, Vernon, tRrv. tic., 392. Veniry tt(colin, Sir Edward Northey's opinion renpect. log inuctlion ordered to be ioteiect upon, 128. Ventieir. lillonihtrr to hc adnmitote itnto, 3 o rged bty ioociooc Nicolsolon to pro oitd themsealves will, mii,isters, to; fitnd a,totble advantage untder Sit Edun Andr~os ly keering no mioniscer, 15I; withl. hold gleir nonon,. Ow, ndniotci,t, 1311 clergty liti)rolrted it) strbitrory will of, 86, 87; opiniionl of tiHOti Roy. ntooni rospctioci, 197, 198; oldil to(, to right oif lpolroonge liscoonnol hIt; Govrnor Sjiotswlod. let lt ito the vestry of St. Armsi, FiSrn, 20j-.n208; oil jlioesonintf the, cnolPloillol Or, 21., 21.4; covi0011,, to. fl.;.ioctii.,, 229'; tih0 joo~tiiint whether thy 000 n10kl" iroo..ose, 234--242; poinited~c~, 243, 244 retait issionarices lie oodhtr froot, referred to, 254 o ole right of prrsnrtation for twoloe 10 onht ofter nvocancylto remanir inl, 378; take care not ito levyp ony tloiaccoo for thoir,,tnisitor tlliti (ite 4611; ot itggle o.inc reose tho power crf 388; right (if prcroloico01 Cl-ftillcl by, 394, 395; act 9inoltoing the sotoo oreoerrd to, 397, 400, 401, 4021;Cloli toolpo~wer olaited b y, 401 I 409; solsorvoirence of G.ooernors 1o, commentediol oin H0Iishol of Londoon' leitr,, 463j cotgesciotns rcl;pcoliog lthe alttoloo11Co Of, 'icviitations,.143; agent.1 Virginia iosiootocld to~ ~ ~~~~~~. 11;rt.e i posto t clergy's appelo againstlltr iTwotPenny aol,. 479. Vitt, Piorro, 194. Vigito, Maino, 194. Visiil tioni, attlooitno lby tlb Coll nn iconio olegAIriloni Woib.illooIi. J10t, 214 ' imthtoit or.l r1 pr..cooklog At, 157, 25S, Visltoirof. litr Co.lloge. Coureoof.1 1, 518, 523, 324, 525, 5-29. Voye, Jeant, 193. Wahginor, Rev. Petor. Sigrns C0,tnCofsemel of Got, N,-h. Olson., 142 lerterrs to Cot,. tlair, 143, 14.4, 163. Walkor, oRe. Al. Sigons oddres oo~f Cloogy to Governlor Nicholsono, 117. Walloco, Rev. Jameso, of Kikclon. Poblicly beaten, 34 signs addressof. Clergy 1o (lie Governor, 117; ref. crencr to, 142; ultcoo mnuiotrn of olerioal trecti,,g, 153, 154, 1*/6; notice of, 184; lrettr of, 10 Dr. Wio~odward, 185, 116. Wallingforcd Parish. Serniorn At, 270; unprooidrd with communtnion plate, 271. Watthoe, Nf., Clerk of the Council, 449. 450, Watirn's Polyglot. Referredt to, 331.Warten, Rce. Jothn. Aonwerrw or, to quenie respecting tine nltel of his Purist,, etc., 288-290. Wore tacit,, Gloucester. Herforredl to, 341 without nintister, 258, 318; flow,ttjPjliot, 309, 452, 4239. Waro, Rev, Jaob.l. Sigon- idlrioi Io thr Goveror,, 1171 sign% etirndocniooi of Gov. Niohotsont, 5421 s igns totst Cm isry itborir 143. 144, 16.1; tbtatt~ vorsv- oil, 191. Wuort, Mr., 7. Warori~ngtotn, lie,. Thotit in, at (3tonlos Parish, York 10754.41,3l; 111tt, (17"5). 4,30;. lPr~nrtAtio Cuttoc;, tlioo (1754), 414;, tjointettl 011, o coo"t.ttcr, 418, 419, 429; otippointto t rtunico, 404; s11ti-cnibti.on Of, 426;;n, %4t1%.dlctou 1,. hi'11 r ltn L~~ofln~tol, re. hlciclollg tite opitiont low, 440; rcfernotito,, in totter (if the lie., Wiol. tt.Iiatont Ito tine ttini;p of -, 464, 475, 476c, 477; furthtor robotottoro to, 496, 49,1 513,.514, 526, 527, 528, 530. Warwick ohM'd, 413; vacant ( 1755). 430, 4,13. Wanhtnli;gt.ton lais, WstolIrn;orlool County. Referrrtd t.., 249; Atnswers. to (titciot ro.Itootilg tine "ltoi Of, 290; rocferrol to, it3, 430. Waterfnrdl Diocose of, Nattantell Lord ttc~lotn of, or-. forrCoito, 31t) trnttt;tttouilsfrtttotm Dett t Clergy: t,ofreern oi jtit Waotts, Rev. Mo. Not pcI Cootlte (1727), 352, SWooo Ptrisht. It,,ownstPiioc~l 30y3, ocke Ware lunc~h. Wom), Revt. W~iliamt, at tClttckit~tic tuocicit, Nottac. lnnnnd (175-i) 413; itil.. (1755), 430; proesett at C4 11ornelti..nn0 (154), 41.,1 - nti.nl'00tt of, 42j6; nia%let- Iof inn Gittion zt nhio.l,.1t,6, Vt~stt11niicn. t"Icnt4,1innttiloniot inn, INS, Wc-tnittoicce Paish. Atnuoens;u qorcistespwcting, 26t, 262. Wocttnimttctr Cotonesinon of Foulh Andi Cotrohicto. icres nytoc iao ttitniters oiffer to oStinn.,ifn the, 37 1, Wri ltnno lýntl o'4it.1 Vacont, 318. Westl Taniichini it otbohino (Eog.), 268. WN~ctoocr Parisht, inn Chorlon Cipy. Soroices at, 2701 list (i co.nn~ntnntion polae at, 271; rforrc on, 10411, 429. Weyaoln.e Parisht. Scrcice a1, 270; liot of commnnoion 01tea, 271; clergynoan Senti tn, 289, 289. Whitolop, Revo. Solotnott, 67, 68; signs cntdo~ccn~ct of Gooerntor Nicoltonot, 141; signs 011000 tu Conmmisnory tlaor, 143, 163; papersco lote dolioereilt10,144, 145; oacttet cotpy of mnutetsi dolivrerd to him, t53; pa1pcr doown up at lodgings of, 161; remoorks upon 584 Commissary Blair's account of cleric's) meeting, 154-179; taullad verses on, i~o, 181. death of, refenesl to. 228. Whitehallt, 7. 17, 379. White, Rev. Alexnoder. At St. Daveid's Parish, King William (1754), 412; ditto (3755), 430; pre'sentat Coorentiots (1754), 434; appointed on committee., 4111, 425; 41olowtijd'tt~ Of, 427; asgst's address to the llistscus of Lonsdon, resjeecti~sg the option law, 440; sign,. iecostd adtdress on the saive, 446; sutti sef, oe 'salary, 479, 480, 482; cane of, referred to, 4917. W itlscrrd, 16cc, G;eorge, Preached In Willla~ntshurgh, 3164; refierede Ito, j8t. SWhitwvli, taJ~taits, 432 Wicoconsoco larish, its Noenhttnsrlaeind County, 432, 430. Wtidssnst atd Childrent od Dleceased Clergytmen. Sittg.getios's fo (tie edlief ci, 437; csosnimitee Appintedtr to lean up a schemse (or thie relicf cf, 438, 419; re. Int 0lssesss, 42.1, 424;,oskcsitstiosss thereto, 426, 427;account of tsetittgsoflruNlsstrsdstrdstsscrisr4, 427, 428; rescerrist to, 432, 453,1 474, 477,.478. WikaX Mte. Georlge, SOiciter. Rfcterence to letter of, 352, 173. Wilkhitt,oss, Ryev. Thotmas. At ttcistal Parcish, Prince George 3 754), 433; ditto t 7551, 430-432, p, s ent us Convoention (1754)t 434; suobucciptian of, 427; signstsecondaddtrecss to tite Bishop of London on thr passage of Itse ntion oaw, 446, Wittssi, L~ord Cthief Justice, 403. Witliams anti 7Slay College. Rev. Wrin. Dawson elect. ect President, 367; list of offcer-, Of, 433; troubles i,456; tede College of William and Mary. Willtiatnslsngh. Militia culled to, 73; rrfcrred to, 136, 343; lectuccstsipat, ansd valueof the some, 256; refecrred to, 360, 457, 474, 493. Wittiants, Rev. Williuan. Signs adsdress to the Govere. nor, 337; sigsts endoeseo'sttt of Gocernor Nicholasstt, 142, Willie, Rev. Willians. At Altseemarle Parish, Sussex (31754),412; sditto (31755), 430; present it Contven. lion (1754), 434; apponinted son committee, 438, 425; subsscription ssf, 427; signs address to the Bishtops sf Losndosn on ttse optisot law, 446, Wills, Prossbste of, ansi Levttens ssf Asltissistration to he grantesd its Viegissia, 2; referrees to, 1333, 132, 228, 237; fsees tsr, 378, 379. Wlmcinsgtssn lunch, Attemoe to slurries respecting the s'ate ssf, 277-279. Wilson, Rev. Dr. Reference tc, 354, Winston, IMr., 204. Woostmason,. Rev. Charlels. Memorial af, toathe Bishop of tLsnston, 5.34-536. Woosdward, Rev. Dtr. Referred In, 36 37; letter to, front Rsev. Jamses Wallace, April 3, 3707, 185, 186. Woohstrinton Parists, 34. Woolston, rhtomsst. Referred to, 358. Worcester, ltsshops of (tDe. Stiltitsgfleet), Receiven D~r, Bllair Isiwsly, 5;, oiensthe business of tlse Cosllege tso tise Qsseeit, 6. Werslest, Rev, Johtt. Present at Cosnvention held April, 1739- 396; dloutbtful ssf tlse Cssstmmcsorya Elsisco. paleorina~tiost, tano; -a very sasd chsaracter of," 251; 1 scattslouss," 252, 253. Wortsely, Mte. jssts. Vestryttson of Christ Chtuech Par. ish, 350, WoVsltvnly, Srscsctocy, 43, 45, 52. Worshlip, I hsoses es itt, R6 efesre to in Gotvernssr Stints. wo'snssl letster tso tte Clergy (1719), 202, 203 t en. citt i letter osf (lergy Is Btishsssp Of L~tsotdo, 21331 slisosses'iit), 229-2.13. WVortlsoss, Mte. Ccsscge. Vestrystsan of Christ Chsutch Pssish, 350. W~righst; Mte. ltisssysiov. Agetnt its Entglantds, 95. 'Wyatt, Reon. hsns. Sigsn- tsoslsceils tss lutler of (lergy tss Cssnmmissasry Btlsir, 144, 163. Wyatt, Rev. Richarsd. Signss polstcripts to Clergy's vlettr to Cosstntis-soy Btlair, 144, 363. Yates, Rev. Btartholomsew. Signs endosementrt of Guv. erorNicholson, 142; signss letters to Cssmnsissary Btair, 143, 145, 363; pressent at Contvention, April 3719, 199; appoinsted oss commseittee to srepare adesto the Go. eernor, 208, dsoutsful of Cnmt issisaeys Episcopal orstisatiss,,, 210; msotion offered sy, 233; answsers of, to qteries respectittg the stale osf Isis Parishs, etc., 296-298; inductesd, 315; chsar. acter of, 348-350; letter ssf, to Ise Btishop~ of Lon. dots, 350, 353; anonymnous letter respsecting, 355, 356; Recv. Mrl. D~awson's antnouncement of the sleuths Of, 356; referessce to sleuth nf, 357; allusion to, 362. Yates, R6ev. Baorthlsoomew (Son of the precesding). At the lativecroity, 355; appjlies for Oresres, 362; at Chtrist Chussch.tM Isisslesen (3754), 432; stiltso (1755), 430; Ahlsstt from15 Csonventiosn (13754),.434. Yates, Recv. Roberts, Sr. Sigsss Asdsress to Gssverntor Nicoolsslsst 337, Yale', Rev. lRsslett (Sots of Btarltholome~w). R~eferresd 585 to, 355; at Petsworth Parish, Gloucester (1754), York Town. Church at, 281, 282. 412; ditto (1755), 429; absent from Conrention, Young, Mr. John. Meeting of Clergy at the house of, (1754). 415; subscription of, 427. 148, 152, i6o, 161,:65, 167, 170. Yates, Rev. William. At Abington Parish, Gloucester Young, Mr. Fhilip. Tutor in Trinity College, Cam(1754), 412; ditto (1755),429; present at Conven- bridge, 392. tion (1754), 414; Subscription of, 427. Young, Rev. George. Signs address to the Governor, York County, 42, 43, 132, 318. 117. York Iunmpton Parish. Answers to queries respecting state of, 281-283; referrtd to, 412, 430. Zollicoffer, Mr. Jacob Christophle, of St. Gall, Switzer. York, Pennsylvania. Vacant, 535. land. Sent to England for clergymen, 248. E RRATA. Page 251, for Arsas read Aria. S318, for St. Ilarnham rend So. Farnham, " 323, for mcnsi read mflensi. S367, for cottnge read college. " 427, for Niles read Miles. S446, for Ilenr read IIan5, " 449, for Plter read e'yton. .;i:-so ~ -.1. ~ *s * A - 1--* so 's:ac:- -* _: o 3 951 002 006 527 R~